NYPL RESEARCH LIBRARIES
3 3433 07952657 4
I
THE
PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
A KECOBD OF THE
CIYIL AND MILITARY HISTORY
OF THE STATE IN THE
WAR FOR THE "UNION,
WITH A
HISTORY OF THE CAMPAIGNS IN WHICH ILLINOIS SOLDIERS
HAVE BEEN CONSPICUOUS,
SKETCHES OF DISTINGUISHED OFFICERS, THE ROLL OF THE
ILLUSTRIOUS DEAD, MOVEMENTS OF THE SANITARX
AND CHRISTIAN COMMISSIONS.
BY T. M. EDDY, D. D.,
Editor N. W. Christian Advocate.
ILLUSTRATED WITH STEEL ENGRAVINGS OF EMINENT MEN.
IN TWO VOLS-VOL. II.
CHICAGO:
CLARKE & CO., PUBLISHERS.
1866.
flecked
kay 1913
***** o j , , w
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865,
Br CLARKE & CO.,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the UnUed States for the
Northern District of Illinois.
TO ILLINOIS SOLDIERS,
FROM THE LIEUTENANT GENERAL
TO THE
SMALLEST DRUMMER-BOY:
TO THE
GALLANT LIVING AND HEROIC DEAD
WHO HAVE MADE THE STATE ILLUSTRIOUS
ON EVERY BATTLE-FIELD,
THESE VOLUMES
ARE GRATEFULLY INSCRIBED.
AUTHOR'S NOTE.
THE second volume is before the reader. If it has seemed tardy
in coming, the delay has been that it might be made as complete
as possible, and the author feels that it is published only too soon.
Every effort has been made to secure a condensed statement of
each regiment and battery; advertisements, correspondence with
officers and State officials, and personal solicitations have been
employed, and yet a few remain unsketched. It will be a pleasure
to add their record in the next, or in subsequent editions. The
author respectfully asks that such material be sent to his address in
this city, as soon as possible.
It was the desire of the Publishers and the wish of the author to
give a list of the killed and wounded, complete, with regiment, bat-
tery and company. It was found impossible to secure such a list.
The Adjutant- General of the State pronounced it impossible. It will
be long ere such a record can be made, and when made will require
several volumes. The dead, alone, would require an addition of
more than 200 pages to this volume. It is with regret that it has
been abandoned, at least for the present.
The author gratefully acknowledges the courtesy of Governor
Oglesby, and Adjutant-General Haynie. The archives at Spring-
field were generously opened.
He also expresses his appreciation of the services of Henry R. Boss,
Esq., who has acted as private Secretary and assistant in correspon-
dence, and in gathering and arranging materials for regimental
sketches. In most instances these are based upon notes from the
officers.
The author returns general acknowledgment to the many whose
courtesy he has received, and sends out the second volume, hoping
that it may be long — very long — ere war shall come again.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Governor RICHARD J. OGLESBY.
Hon. ALLEN C. FULLER.
Major-General JOHN M. PALMER.
Adjutant-General I. N. HAYNIE.
Major-General S. A. PIURLBUT.
Lieutenant- General W. T. SHERMAN.
Brevet Major-General A. L. CHETLAIN.
Major-General B. H. GRIERSON.
Brevet Major-General M. BRAYMAN.
Surgeon GEORGE COATSWORTH.
CONTEXTS OF VOLUME II.
CHAPTER I.
DEATH AND BURIAL OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
PAQB.
The Occurrence — Previous Warnings — The 14th of April — Conversations — Inter-
view with Colfax — Cabinet Meeting — Ford's Theater — The Box — Boothe —
Preparations — The Shot — Assassin's Escape — The Theater — The Dying Presi-
dent— Record of Dissolution — Prayer — Payne and Seward — Secretary Stan-
ton's Orders — Grief of the Country — Congressional Committee — Funeral Ser-
vices in Washington — Remains Borne to the Capitol — To the Funeral Car —
Funeral Cortege — Baltimore, New York, Philadelphia — Back to Illinois —
Reaches Chicago — The City in Sable — The Last Stage — Springfield — Em-
blems of Mourning — Lincoln's Residence — Oak Hill — The Services — Bishop
Simpson's Oration — Dr. Gurley's Ode — Lincoln's Character — The Congres-
sional Memorial Service — Bancroft's Oration — Doom of the Assassin — Trial
of Conspirators — Execution — Curtain Falls 19
CHAPTER II.
BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA.
Action of Washington Authorities — Rosecrans' Advance — Bragg Occupies Chat-
tanooga— Stanley's Advance — Successes — Plan of Federal Campaign — Burn-
side's Column Reaches Knoxville — Orders — Rosecrans Reaches Chattanooga —
Bragg Evacuates the City — Pursuit — Orders to Hurlbut, Grant, Sherman,
Pope and Schofieldfor Reinforcements — Bragg at Lafayette — Cavalry Raids —
Added Rebel Forces — Rosecrans Mistaken — His Line — Chickamauga Creek —
Negley — Position — Bragg Waits — The 17th — Change of Federal Lines —
18th, Order of Battle — Saturday the 19th— Minty ahd Wilder — Our Line —
Battle Opens — No Decisive Results — Night — Changed Order — Rebel Order —
Sabbath the 20th — Battle Opens — The Fourteenth Army Corps — Desperate
Fighting — Order to Wood — Our Army Broken in Two — Is the Day Lost? —
"Rock of Chickamauga" — Thomas' New Position — Carnival of Death — Posi-
tion Held — A Gap Discovered — Granger in Time — Halleck's Report — Day
Saved ! — Losses — Effect on the Two Commanders — Burnside — Knoxville —
Siege Raised — Illinois Soldiers 48
O CONTENTS.
CHAPTER III.
REGIMENTAL 8 K 1 : T C H E S .
PIOI.
The Twenty-seventh— General N. B. Buford— Tlic Thirty-eighth— The Forty-
Becond — Heavy Loss at Chiekamauga — The Sixty-sixth — Bilge's Sharpshoot-
ers— The Seventy eighth — At Chiekamauga — The Eighty-eighth — Colonel
Francis T. Sherman — The Ninety-sixth — Brevet Brigadier-General Thomas
E. Champion — Lieutenant-Colonel Isaac L. Clark- — Major John C. Smith — The
One Hundred and Fourth — The One Hundred and Twenty-fifth — Death of
Chaplain Sanders — Colonel 0. F. Harmon 53
CHAPTER IV.
REGIMENTAL AND PERSONAL.
The Seventh Infantry — Muster Roll of the First Company Enlisted in the State
— General John Cook — The Eighth — Colonel Lloyd Wheaton — The Ninth —
Its Campaigns — The Tenth — The March to Knoxville — The Eleventh — Its
Original and Final Rosters — Colonel Garrett Ncvins — The Twelfth — What it
Did — Chicago Board of Trade Battery — Heroism and Devotion of the Men —
Brydge's Battery 83
CHAPTER V.
CHATTANOOGA — LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN — MISSION RIDGE — KXOXVILLE.
Disasters Retrieved — Situation of the Armies — Rosecrans Reinforced by Hooker
— Grant in Command — Thomas Supersedes Rosecrans — Burnsidc Takes Knox-
ville— Is Besieged by Longstreet — Union Peril — Sherman Sends Osterhans —
Ordered to Take His Whole Army — Its March — Sherman Placed in Command
of the Department of the Tennessee — McPherson and Hurlbut — Sherman
Ordered On — Goes — Hooker's Assault on Lookout — Capture — Knoxville —
Plan for Battle — Pontoons — Our Army — Orchard Knob — Sherman's Position
— Corse Opens the Battle — Loomis — Sherman's Forces Hard Pressed — Gran-
ger's Advance — Grant and Thomas — Up the Ridge — Victory — The Dead —
Wounded — Lincoln's Letter — Illinois Men — Grant's Order of Congratulation
— Pursuit — Ringgold — Burnside Relieved — Campaign Ended 103
CHAPTER VI.
THE RED RIVER EXPEDITIO N — M I S S O U R I .
Great Expectations — Sabine Pass — Loss — McPherson's District — The Invinci-
ble Armada — DeRussey — Grand Advance — Ransom's Advice — Disastrous
Engagement near Mansfield — Heavy Sacrifice — Pleasant Hill — Smith's Charge
— Rebels give Back — Summing Up — Retreat — Grand Ecore — Through the
Dam — Steele's Army — Retreats on Little Rock — Sabine Crossings — Rosecrans
in Missouri — Hundred Day Regiments — Pleasanton's Command — Price Escapes
Union City — Colonel Hicks at Paducah — Fort Pillow — North Carolina 118
CONTENTS. 9
CHAPTER VII.
GENERAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL.
PAGE.
Change of Plan, Not of Base — Governor Oglesby — Memoir — Extracts from In-
augural— Adjutant-General Haynie — Personal Sketch 122
CHAPTER VIII.
REGIMENTS AND BATTERIES.
The Fifteenth — First Enlisted for Three Years — Its Part at Shiloh — Brevet
Brigadier-General George C. Rogers — The Seventeenth — Its Campaigns — The
Eighteenth — Brevet Brigadier-General Jules C. Webber — The Twentieth —
Life in Prisons — The Twenty-second — The Twenty-third — List of Battles in
which It was engaged — The Twenty-ninth — Re-enlistment in the Veteran Ser-
vice—The Thirtieth — A Veteran Regiment — The Thirty-first— The Charge at
Fort Hill — The Thirty-second — Eleven Thousand Miles of March — Busteeds'
Battery — Old Batteries A and B, First Artillery — An Honorable Record. . . . 132
CHAPTER IX.
THE MERIDIAN RAID.
Sherman's Department — Grant's Order — Sherman's Plan — General W. S. Smith's
Movements — Sherman — McPherson — Hurlbut — Champion's Hill — Jackson,
Mississippi — Burnt Bridge — Rebels Evacuate — Where is Smith ? — Destruction
— Kinglake — Prophetic Significance — Backward March — Results — Schofield. 160
CHAPTER X.
Sherman's grand march.
Sherman's Statement of the Plan — Inspects his Department — Supplies — Letter
to Grant — March — Rocky Face Ridge — Buzzard's Roost Gap — Flanking —
Snake Creek Gap — Thomas' Feint — McPherson's Movement — Camp Creek —
Position of Troops — Hooker in Action — Johnston Retreats — Resaca Ours —
Pursuit — Cost — Logan and Palmer — Ninth Squad — One Hundred and Twenty-
Seventh Color-Bearer — Rome — Adairsville — Lay's Ferry — Sweeney — Sixty-
Sixth Illinois — Allatoona Pass — Headed for Dallas — Rebel Courier — Fighting
at New Hope Church — At Dallas — Rebel Bravery — Assault on Bull-Dog
Sweeney — The Pass Secured — Etowa Bridge — Blair with Reinforcements. ... 166
CHAPTER XI.
KENESAW AND PEACH TREE CREEK.
Prospect — Big Shanty — Sherman's Description of Scenery — His Forces — Opera-
tions to Break Lines — Death of Polk — Railway Reconnoissance — Lost Moun-
tain Occupied — Kulp House — Assault of Kenesaw — Sherman's Statement —
10 CONTENTS.
Illinois — Newspaper Paragraphs — Logan's Corps -Palmer — Twenty-fifth and
Twenty-seventh — Eighty-ninth — Logan - Fifty ninth and Beventy-fourth —
Bherman's Report — Peach Tree Creek— Cincinnati Commercial's Aocount —
Situation — IlcPherson'a Advance —Eighty-fifth Illinois— Logan's * '< ups — Pal-
mer's Corps— Forty-fourth— Booker in Position and Fighting— Geary— Ward
— Face to Face — Williams — Bradley — Forty-sec 1 — Twenty seventh —
Thomas Commanding an Eclectic Detachment— One Hundredth — Eighty-
eighth — Seventy-fourth — Coburn — One Hundred and Twenty ninth and Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Flynn — McCook— One Hundred and Fourth in Peri] — Defeat
of Palmer — One Hundred and Fifth — One Hundred and Twenty-ninth — Impor-
tance of this Battle — Kcncsaw Redeemed — Hood in Command — His Prestige
Gone 173
CHAPTER XII.
INTO ATLANTA.
Atlanta — Its importance — Heart of Confederacy — Must Be Taken — Hood in
Command — Sherman's Report — The Chattahoochee — Battle of July 22d —
IfcPherson Killed — Logan in Command — Blair Assailed by Hardee — Sweeney
— Dodge — Twelfth Illinois — Sixteenth Corps — Long's Corps — Smith's Divi-
sion— Loss of Guns — The Crisis — Sherman — Order to Logan — Charge — Wood
— Victory — Guns Retaken — What Sherman Says — The Stoncnian Raid —
Changes in Command — Hooker — Palmer — Howard — Slocum — Davis — Wil-
liams— Battle of Joucsboro — Victory Decisive — Rebel Retreat — Pursuit —
" Atlanta Ours and Fairly Won " — Sherman's Promotion — Re-union and
Freedom 193
CHAPTER XIII.
HOOD TUKNS NORTH.
The Situation — What will Hood Do? — What ne might have Done — nis Chosen
Policy — Athens Surrenders — Rosseau — Forrest in the Toils — Marietta — Smyr-
na— Allatoona — Illinois Ninety-third — Lieutenant-Colonel Tourtellotte —
Corse Comes — " Effusion of Blood " — Desperate Defence — Seventh Illinois —
Colonel Rowell — Corse's Report — Sherman's Signals — Twelfth and Fiftieth
Illinois — Victory — Our Losses — Raum at Resaca — Various Movements —
Troops sent Thomas — Thomas' Army — Ransom Dies — Armies Separated —
Hood Crosses the River — Battle of Franklin — Back to Nashville — Hood's
Positicn — Federal Troops — Delay — Preparations — Moment — Order of Battle
— Battle of Nashville — Smith and Schofield — Night — Second Day — Wood's
Corps — Stecdman — Assault — Victory — Rebel Retreat — The Eighty-eight —
The Seventy-second — Brydge's Battery — The Seventy-fourth 203
CHAPTER XIV.
EEGIMENTAL SKETCHES.
The Thirteenth Veterans— Consolidated with the Fifty-sixth— The Thirty-third
CONTENTS. 11
PAGE.
—The Students and Teachers as Soldiers— The Thirty- fourth— The Thirty-
ninth ( Yates Phalanx ) — The Charge on Fort Gregg — The Forty-first — Its
Marches and Battles — The Forty-fourth — Re-enlistment When the Ink Froze
Upon the Muster Rolls — The Forty-fifth ( Lead Mine Regiment) — The Forty-
sixth — The Battle of the Hatchie — The Forty-seventh — The Battle of Iuka —
The Forty-eighth — Conclusion of Its Record — The Forty-ninth — Re-enlistment
as Veterans— The Fiftieth— The Fifty-first 213
CHAPTER XV.
REGIMENTAL AND PERSONAL.
The Thirty-seventh — Its Missouri Campaign — The Fifty-second — Its Various
Commanders — General Sweeney — The Fifty-third — " Cushm&n's Brigade " — ■
The Fifty-fourth — Re-enlistment as Veterans — The Fifty-seventh — At Shiloh
and Corinth — The Fifty-eighth — Capture at Shiloh — General W. F. Lynch —
The Fifty-ninth — A Missouri Regiment — Change of Designation — The Sixtieth
— Conclusion of Its Record — The Sixty-third — A Veteran Regiment — The
Sixty-fourth — "Yates Sharpshooters" — The Sixty-fifth — The "Scotch Regi-
ment"—The Three Months' Regiments of 1862— The Sixty-seventh — The
Sixty-eighth — The Sixty-ninth — The Seventieth— The Seventy-first 238
CHAPTER XVI.
FROM ATLANTA TO MILLEN.
Toward the Sea — Communications Cut — Impedimenta Removed — The Eagle's
Wings — Composition — General Orders for the Campaign — Soldierly and States-
manlike— Supplies — Sherman and the Atlanta Authorities — Atlanta Burnt —
" On to the Sea " — Astonishment at Sherman's Plan — Rebel Reading — English
Views — Northern Opinions — His Faith in Thomas — Four Columns — Advances
— Skirmishes — Macon — Wolcott Wounded — Irwinton — Into Milledgeville —
New Legislature — Thanksgiving — Rebel Pronunciamentoes — The Four Rivers
— Griswoldsville — Sandersville — Kilpatrick's March on Millen — Fulls Back —
Is Assaulted — Defence — Louisville — Ready to go South 266
CHAPTER XVII.
TO SAVANNAH.
The Right Wing— Two Columns — No. 9 — Millen— The Prison Pen — " Working
the Road" — Captured Mail — Corduroy — Eden — Jenk's Bridge — Twelve Mile
Post — King's Bridge — Enemy's Rifle Pits — Blair — In Sight of Savannah —
The Left Wing — Its March — Montieth Swamp — " Water Witch " — Jackson-
boro — Pontoons — Kilpatrick and Wheeler — Atkins — Waynesboro — The Nine-
ty-second Illinois — Before Savannah — Charleston Severed — Savannah Invest-
ed— Rebel Defences — Fort McAllister — Hazen's Assault — Sherman on a Rice
House — Illinois Regiments Engaged — Meets the Navy — Dahlgrea and Foster
1 2 CONTENTS.
paob.
— Guns from Fort Royal — Assault ordered — Hardee leaves Savannah— Geary
goes in — Sherman to Lincoln — To the Bea -Bowman's Besome — Lincoln te
Sherman — Chattanooga to Savannah — The End not Vet 275
CHAPTER XVIII.
THE CLOSE OF 18G4 — THE OPENING OF 1865.
Mr. Stanton's Summary of 1861 — Resume — Banks — Sherman — Stanton and
Thomas — Hood's Array Destroyed — lolm Morgan — Other Operations — In the
East— The Valley of the Shenandoah— Sheridan— The Los1 Battle Saved —
Opening Year — Grant Reports the Situation — Stanton's Enumeration — Reduc-
tion of Fort Fisher — Sehofield's Corps — Battle at Kingston — Canby's Depart-
ment— Mobile — Defences — The Forts — Farragut — The Plan — Lashed Vessels
— Pass the Forts — Gunboats — Ram Tennessee — Terrific Fight — Triumph —
Mobile Bay Ours — Forts Surrender — The City Invested — Carr's Brigades
Assault and Carry the Spanish Fort— Fort Blakeley Taken — Our Losses —
Mobile Ours — Losses — Captures — Wilson's Gigantic Alabama Raid — Ander-
8onville — Record of its Honored Dead 286
CHAPTER XIX.
REGIMENTAL SKETCHES.
The Seventy-second — Battles of Franklin and Nashville — General Joseph Stock-
ton—The Seventy-fourth— What Hood Got— The Seventy-fifth— Its Battles—
The Seventy-sixth — Its Roster and History — The Seventy-ninth — The
Eightieth — Its Battles and Marches — The Eighty-first — Pursuit of Price —
The Eighty-second — Gettysburg — Colonel Frederic Hecker — General E. S.
Salomon— The Eighty-third — Defence of Fort Donelson — The Eighty-fourth —
The Eighty-sixth — The Atlanta Campaign — The Eighty-ninth — A Brilliant
Record — The Ninetieth — "The Irish Legion" — The Ninety-first — Service in
Texas 316
CHAPTER XX.
INCIDENTS AND SKETCHES.
Scarcity of Material — Seventy-fourth and Eighty-eighth at Franklin — Charge —
Stampede — Colonel Smith — Captain Barnard — Corporal Newman — Captures
— Thanks of General Wood — General Thomas — Casualties— The Seventy-
second — Charged by Rebels — Driven — Retake Their Line — Lieutenant-Colo-
nel Stockton — Major James— Loss — The Seventy-fifth — Charge Through an
Open Field— Its Captures— The Eighty-eighth at Stone River— On Front Line
— "Fire and Fire Low" — At Mission Ridge — Lieutenant-Colonel Chandler —
Colonel John W. Shaffer 345
CONTENTS. 13
CHAPTER XXI.
ONWARD FROM SAVANNAH.
PAGE.
January, 1865 — Columns in Motion — Grant and Sherman — Logan — Right Wing
— A Skirmish — Chaplain's Letter — Logan's Corps — Kilpatrick — Williams —
Extracts From Sherman's Report — Swollen Waters — Sherman's Report —
Edisto Bridges — The Divided Rebel Force — Kilpatrick — Atkins — Sherman
and the Right Wing — Orangeburg — Hardee — Crossing of Congaree — Colum-
bia— Sherman's Report — The Conflagration — Who was to Blame ? — Sherman
on Wade Hampton — Soldiers' Love for South Carolina — Left Wing — Marches
for Winnsboro — Right joins It — Barnwell — Ninety-second Illinois — Black-
ville — Aikin — Atkins' Brigade — Kilpatrick's Movements — Exciting Situation
— Joe Johnston in the Field — Rocky Mount — Sherman's Report — Cheraw —
Kilpatrick narrowly Escapes Capture — Schofield and Terry — Fort Fisher —
Wilmington — Our Men in Wilmington Prison — What a Correspondent Saw —
Forward — Cavalry Skirmish — Hardee tries to "hold" Sherman — Don't Suc-
ceed— Hard Fighting — Hardee Abandons His Works — Retreats to Averysboro 357
CHAPTER XXII.
REGIMENTAL SKETCHES.
The Ninety-second — Rebel Treatment of Prisoners — Brevet Major-General Smith
D. Atkins — Color Bearer " Gedee " Scott — " For God's sake Save the Flag"
— The Ninety-third — From Atlanta to Savannah — The Ninety-fifth — Regi
mental Statistics — Colonel Thomas W. Humphrey — The Ninety-eighth — A
Fatal Accident — The Ninety-ninth — The Assault upon Vicksburg — The One
Hundred and First — Running the Blockade — The One Hundred and Second —
Capture of a Bank — The One Hundred and Third — Death of Colonel Dicker-
man — The One Hundred and Fifth — The One Hundred and Eighth — Port
Gibson and Champion's Hill — The One Hundred and Ninth — A Brief but Dis-
graceful Record — The One Hundred and Tenth — Heavy Losses — The One
Hundred and Eleventh — Gallant Charge at Resaca — The One Hundred and
Twelfth— Sanders' Raid — The One Hundred and Thirteenth — The Rankin
Family 369
CHAPTER XXIII.
OUR TROOPERS.
The Third Cavalry — Pursuit of Price's Army — Pea Ridge — Gallantry at Fair-
view — Vicksburg and Arkansas Post — The Fifth Cavalry — Battle of Cache
River — Privation and Suffering — Expeditions to Granada and Jackson —
Muster-out Roster — The Twelfth Cavalry — A Magnificent Saber Fight — Escape
from Harper's Ferry — The McClellan Dragoons — The Fight at Dumfries —
Stoneman's Raid — Approach to Richmond — Tunstall Station — Gettysburg —
Efficient Service of the Twelfth — Re-organization as Veterans — Reception in
Chicago — Snow Storm — The Red River Campaign — Service in Texas — Mus-
ter-out Roster — General Hasbrouck Davis 404
14 CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXIV.
grant's a k m Y — VICTOKV.
PAGE.
Grant's Army — Siege of rctersburg — Futile Efforts — Opening of Spring — Losses
— Grant's Strategy — Rebel Iron-clad Dasli — Extension of Union Left — Sheri-
dan's Command — His great Raid — Reaches White House — Lee's Dash on Fort
Steedman — Recaptured — Rebel Prisoners — Important Position Gained — Ad-
vance on the Union Left — Fifth and Second Corps — Pace Northward — White
Oak Road — Five Forks Reached and Abandoned — Sheridan Reinforced — Long-
street Comes to Help Lee's Right — Ayer's Division Broken — Griffin and Hum-
phreys— The Rebel Lion at Bay — Sheridan Again at Five Forks — Devins and
Davies — Enemy Concentrate on Sheridan — Nightfall — Ayer's Division — Sher-
idan's Advance — Five Forks Again — Orders to Warren — His Removal — Union
Assault — Victory — Petersburg — Park's Assault — Wright — Humphreys — Gib-
bons takes Gregg and Alexander — Miles goes to Sheridan — Enemy Driven —
Sutherland's Depot — Hill Killed— Lee's Right Wing Gone — Ten Thousand
Lost — Desperation — Lee's Telegram to Davis — Excitement in Richmond —
Weitzell — Entrance into Richmond — "Richmond Ours!" — Excited African —
The Country — Grant's Policy — Lee Attempts Retreat — Chesterfield — Amelia
Court House — Sheridan Reaches Jetersville — Cuts Danville Railway — Deer
Creek — Paine's Cross Roads — Deatonville — Crooks — Ewell's Corps Captured
— Ord — General Theodore Reed — Lee over the River — Hunger is King — Lee's
Officers say Surrender — Bloody Fighting — Grant Demands the Surrender of
Lee's Army — Lee's Answer — Grant's Terms — Sheridan Mistaken — Lee Heads
toward Lynchburg — Changes and comes between Lee and Supplies — Appomat-
tox Station — Lee Proposes Diplomacy — Attempts to Cut through Sheridan's
Cavalry — " What, Infantry !" — White Flag — Grant's Answer — Lee Proposes
Surrender — Correspondence — The Army of" Northern Virginia" — Grant goes
to Washington — His Report — His Plans Successful 424
CHAPTER XXV.
THE ONE HUNDRED DAY TROOPS.
The Call— The Response — The One Hundred and Thirty-second— The One Hundred
and Thirty-third — The One Hundred and Thirty-fourth — The One Hundred
and Thirty-fifth— The One Hundred and Thirty-sixth— The One Hundred and
Thirty-seventh — The One Hundred and Thirty-eighth — The One Hundred and
Thirty-ninth — The One Hundred and Fortieth — The One Hundred and Forty-
first — The One Hundred and Forty-second — The One Hundred and Forty-third
—The One Hundred and Forty-fifth 441
CHAPTER XXVI.
INTO GOLDSBORO.
From Savannah— Schofield and Terry — To Fayetteville — Carlin — Slocum's Left
— Bentonville — The Fighting — Carlin's Brigades — Hazen comes Up — Move-
ments— Mower's Division— Losses — Coxe's Brigade — Into Goldsboro — The Col-
CONTENTS. 15
PAQB.
umns Converge — Major Nichol's Statement — Colonel Bowman's — Sherman's
Plans -Meets Mr. Lincoln — His General Orders — Army of Georgia — Blunder
— Orders — Stoneman and Wilson 451
CHAPTER XXVII.
END OF THE WAR.
Out of Goldsboro — Smithfield — News of Lee's Surrender — Johnston's Position —
The Strategic Points — Sherman Sums Up — Correspondence — Sherman's State-
ment — Interview — Agreement — Disapproved — Grant — Visits Sherman —
Truce Suspended — Fighting Order — Proposition to Surrender — Accepted —
March for Richmond — Washington — Grand Review — Stanton and Sherman —
Four Needed Men — Surrender of Taylor and Kirby Smith — The End — Sher-
man's Farewell — Troops Homeward — April to September — Doxology of Peace 459
CHAPTER XXVIII.
REGIMENTAL SKETCHES.
The Eighty-fifth — Perryville, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Atlanta, Rome, Kene-
saw, Peach Tree Creek, Savannah — Brevet Brigadier-General C. J. Dilworth
— The One Hundred and Seventeenth — Regimental Statistics — The One Hun-
dred and Nineteenth — Its Various Campaigns — The One Hundred and Twen-
ty-second— Pursuit of Price — The One Hundred and Twenty-fourth — The
"Bully One Hundred and Two Dozen" — The One Hundred and Twenty-seventh
— Vicksburg and the Atlanta Campaign — The One Hundred and Twenty-ninth
Guarding Railroads — The One Hundred and Forty-seventh — Closing of Hos-
tilities in Georgia — The One Hundred and Forty-ninth — On Garrison Duty —
The One Hundred and Fiftieth — Religious Revivals — The One Hundred and
Fifty-first — Woffbrd's Surrender — The One Hundred and Fifty-third — Colonel
Stephen Bronson — The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 475
CHAPTER XXIX.
INCIDENT PERSONAL.
Operations on the Gulf — Hurlbut — Brayman — Grierson — Osband — Chetlain —
Colonel Bowers 496
CHAPTER XXX.
THE CHICAGO CONSPIRACY.
Exciting Rumors — First Objective — Diabolical Scheme — Colonel Sweet — The
Situation — Suspicion — Impression — Government Detective — Revelations —
Measures — Official Report — Chicago Armed — Trials — Sentences — Pardons —
Brand of Infamy 513
16 CONTEXTS.
CHAPTER XXXI.
GENERAL GRANT.
PAGE.
Former Estimate — His Western Career — Army <>f Potomac — Its Leaders — Mc-
Clcllan — Pope — Burnside — Hooker — Meade — Grant's Plans — Lee's Prestige —
Wilderness — Petersburg — Results — Criticism — People's Answer — Grant in
Chicago — Reception in Bryan Hall — Hooker's Speech — Grant's — Yates' — Sher-
man and Grant as Orators — Reception by Hoard of Trade — Fairehild and Wash-
burn— Second Visit — Ovation in Canada and Michigan — En-route for Galena —
Marshal Jones — The Train — On the Way — The General at Home — Welcome
by Hon. E. B. Washburne — Grant — Vincent — Grade of General 620
CHAPTER XXXII.
THE WOMEN OF ILLINOIS.
Influence on Public Opinion — Social Life — Institutions — Religious View — Relief
Associations — The Great Fairs — Last Chicago Fair — Greetings of Soldiers. . 538
CHAPTER XXXIII.
The Second Cavalry — Re-enlistment — Death of Colonel Mudd — Service in Tex-
as— The Eighth Cavalry — Hunting Booth — Muster-out Roster — Damage to
the Enemy — Major James D. Ludlam — The Ninth Cavalry — Veteranizing —
Battles of Franklin and Nashville — The Sixteenth Cavalry — Thielman's Bat-
talion— A Regiment Raised — The Fight in Powell's Valley — Heavy Loss —
Final Roster — Captain Hiram S. Hanchett — The Seventeenth Cavalry — Cam-
paigning in Missouri — Pursuit of Price — Fight at Booneville — Battle of Mine
Creek — A Saber Charge — In a Tight Place — The Enemy Retire — Surrender
of Jeff. Thompson — General H. Be veridge 546
CHAPTER XXXIV.
SKETCH AND INCIDENT.
The Eighty-sixth in South Carolina — At Bentonville — The Sixty-fourth — With
Mower — The Fifty-second at Corinth — Colonel Buckner's Prayer-'-The Harts-
ville Surrender — Colonel Moore's Official Report — Our Surgeons — Surgeon
Coatsworth — His Services — His Death — Colonel J. A. Davis — The Non-com-
missioned and Privates — Young Elliott at Shiloh — The Dead Letter — Sergeant
Reynolds — Sergeant Jones 568
CHAPTER XXXV.
THE UNION LEAGUE OF AMERICA.
The Origin of Union Leagues — The Loyal Men of Tennessee — The Traitors in
Illinois — First Council of the Union League of America— The Oath — Organi-
zation of the State Council — Spread of the Order — National Council — The
Obligation — Importance of the Work — Sanitary Contributions — Joseph Me-
dill, Esq. — Colonel Geo. H. Harlow — Incidents 585
CONTENTS. 17
CHAPTER XXXVI.
REGIMENTAL SKETCHES.
PAGE.
The Sixteenth Infantry — Attack on Edgefield— The Nineteenth— The " Big
Muddy Campaign " — Organization — Railroad Accident — Alabama Campaign —
Stone River — Muster-out Roster — Lieutenant-Colonel Alex. W. Ratten — The
Twenty-sixth — Kencsaw Mountain — " Gopher Holes " — Colonel Robert A.
Gillmore — The Twenty-eighth — Fight at Little Bethel — Service in Texas —
The Sixty-second — Holly Springs— Re-enlistment — The Seventy-third — The
"Preachers' Regiment" — The One Hundredth — Stoae River and Chickamau-
ga — The Atlanta Campaign — Muster-out Roster — Statistics — The One Hun-
dred and Fifteenth — From Covington to Chickamauga — From Atlanta to the
Sea — General Kimball's Farewell Order — Brigadier-General Jesse Haile Moore
— The One Hundred and Twenty-sixth — Its Record — The One Hundred and
Thirtieth — Port Gibson — Vicksburg — Service in Texas — Battle of Mansfield
— Consolidation — Colonel Nathaniel Niles — Lieutenant-Colonel James H.
Matheny — Major John B. Reid — Adjutant John B. Hay 593
CHAPTER XXXVII.
CAVALRY REGIMENTS.
The Fourth Cavalry — Fort Henry — Donelson and Shiloh — Death of Lieutenant-
Colonel William McCullough— Colonel T. Lyle Dickey— General M. R. M.
Wallace — The Seventh Cavalry — Campaign in Missouri — Farmington — Pur-
suit of Prica — Grierson's Raid — Re-enlistment — Forrest's Attack upon Mem-
phis— Recruiting — Muster-out — Major Zenas Aplington — The Thirteenth Cav-
alry— Campaign in Missouri and Arkansas — Consolidation — New Companies —
Battle Roll — Final Roster — Brevet Brigadier-General Albert Erskine — Major
Lothar Lippert 618
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
MAJOR-GENERAL PALMER.
Early Life — Political Career — Colonel — Brigadier — In Kentucky — His Adminis-
tration— Sustained by the President 634
CHAPTER XXXIX.
REGIMENTAL AND PERSONAL.
The Fourteenth Infantry — Its Campaigns and Marches — The Fortieth — The Fifty-
fifth — Frozen In — Shiloh — Final Roster — Colonel Oscar Malmborg — The Sixty-
first — Colonel Daniel Grasa — The Seventy-seventh — Yicksburg and Arkansas
Post — The Eighty-seventh — Service as Mounted Infantry — Banks' Red River
Expedition — Colonel John M. Crebs — The One Hundred and Eighteenth — Suf-
ferings and Privations — Attack upon Vicksburg — Service in Louisiana — Final
Roster — The Fourteenth Cavalry — Difficulties in Raising the Regiment — Pur-
suit and Capture of John Morgan — Campaigning in Tennessee — The Fight at
2
18 OONTKNTS.
Hn
Bean Station — "Rout of Thomas' Legion" — Btonemen's Raid upon Macon —
A Terrific Eight and a Sad Disaster — Personal BketeheB — Major Win. McOul-
lough — Colonel John M. Snyder 639
CHAPTER XL.
ARTILLERY COMPANIES.
Chicago Mercantile Battery — Artillery Duel at Champion's Hill — Battle of Sabine
Cross Roads — Elgin Battery — Vaughn's Battery — Its Marches and Campaigns
— First Artillery — Battery D — Captain E. n. Cooper — Battery I — Veteraniz-
ing— Battery K — Burnsidc's Tennessee Expedition — Battery M — The Atlanta
Campaign — Second Artillery — Battery F — Shiloh — Battery II — Veterans —
Battery K — Its Services — Battery L — Battle of the Hatchie — Battery M —
Harper's Ferry — Service in Tennessee 670
CHAPTER XLI.
LOSSES OF ILLINOIS TROOPS.
Complete Numerical List of Casualties by Regiments in Artillery, Cavalry and
Infantry — Total Number of Deaths Twenty -eight Thousand Eight Hundred and
Forty-two 684
PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
CHAPTER I.
DEATH AND BURIAL OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
The Occurrence — Previous Warnings — The 14th of April — Conversations —
Interview with Colfax — Cabinet Meeting — Ford's Theater — The Box — Boothe
— Preparations — The Shot — Assassin's Escape — The Theater — The Dying
President — Record of Dissolution — Prayer — Payne and Seward — Secretary
Stanton's Orders — Grief of the Country — Congressional Committee — Funeral
Services in Washington — Remains Borne to the Capitol — To the Funeral Car
— Funeral Cortege — Baltimore, New York, Philadelphia — Back to Illinois —
Reaches Chicago — The City in Sable — The Last Stage — Springfield — Emblems
of Mourning — Lincoln's Residence — Oak Hill — The Services — Bishop Simpson's
Oration — Dr. Gurley's Ode — Lincoln's Character — The Congressional Memo-
rial Service — Bancroft's Oration — Doom of the Assassin — Trial of Conspira-
tors— Execution — Curtain Falls.
IN advance of its chronological place, the second volume must
open with the record of the nation's great grief, and the bereav-
ment of Illinois in the death of her noblest son.
On the morning of April 15, 1865, in the midst of rejoicings for
the capture of Richmond, and the surrender of Lee, the telegraph
flashed the announcement of the President's assassination. Never
did a foul murder so shock the nation, or so astound the world.
On the evening of the 14th in company with Mrs. Lincoln and
60me friends he visited Ford's Theater, where he had been announced
to be present with General Grant.
As the play was progressing an assassin entered the State-box, and
from a Derringer pistol sent a ball through the President's brain, and
turning, despite the efforts of Major Rathborne to detain him, sprang
from the box upon the stage, brandishing a dagger and shouting " Sic
20 I'Vi i: I' - 1 IBU OF in i .
semper tyranniaf the South is avenged!" darted through a pri-
vate passage into the alley, where a horse was in readiness, and
• d. 4s he orossed the stage he was recognized as .1. Wilkes
Bo the.
The Presidenl was unconscious from the momenl the pistol was
fired. II<" was c mveyedto a house in the vicinity where lie lay for
several hours. About his bedside were the membi rs of his Cabinet,
with the exception of the Secretary of State, several senators, the
Speaker of the Souse of Representatives and other intimate friends.
The examination of the Surgeon General showed the wound to be
fatal, and all that could be done was to wait in sadness the moment
when one of the noblest of men should be no 1 >nger of earth.
The President had been warned thai assassination was premedi-
tated, and at last both himself ami Secretary Seward were com-
pelled to believe the evidence, yet he none the less freely exposed
himself. He felt that if men were resolved upon it, the deed could
scarcely be prevented.
The morning <>f the 14th, he talked with his wife of the four
stormy years he had passed, and of the dawn of peaceful times,
the coming of hitter days. He was free from forebodings; "with
malice toward none'' he could not credit the malignity which
would resort to assassination, solely for revenge.
He conversed with his son, Captain Robert Lincoln, who was on
General Grant's staff, as to the details of Lee's surrender. After
breakfast he received^ various gentlemen, and among them Senator
Hale and Speaker Colfax. The latter was preparing for an overland
trip to the Pacific and to him the President said :
"Mr. Colfax, I want you to take a message from me to tbe miners whom you visit ;
I have very large ideas of the mineral wealth of our nation. I believe it to be
practically inexhaustible. It abounds all over the Western country, from the
Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, and its development has scarcelj commenced.
During the war, when we were adding a couple of millions of dollars every day to
our national debt, I did not care about encouraging the volume of our precious
metals. We had the country to save first. But now that the rebellion is over-
thrown, and we know pretty nearly the amount of our national debt, the more gold
and silver we mine, we make the payment of that debt so much the easier. .Vow,'
said he, speaking with more emphasis, " I am going to encourage that in ever
sible way. We' shall have hundreds of thousands of disbanded soldiers, and many
have feared that their return home in such great numbers might paralyze industry
HIS LAST DAT. 21
by furnishing, suddenly, a greater supply of labor than there will be demand for.
I am going to try to attract them to the hidden wealth of our mountain ranges,
where there is room enough for all. Immigration, which even the war has not
stopped, will land upon our shores hundreds of thousands more from over-crowded
Europe. I intend to point them to the gold and silver that wait for them in the
West. Tell the miners for me that I shall promote their interests to the best of
my ability, because their prosperity is the prosperity of the nation, and we shall
prove in a very few years, that we are indeed the treasury of the world."
As he uttered the last sentence his eyes kindled with enthusiasm.
At eleven o'clock he met his cabinet. General Grant was present,
having come direct from the field. The questions arising out of
victory were fully discussed, and the leading propositions of the
President received the hearty approval of the Secretaries and the
victorious Chieftain, so that the Secretary of War declared the
Government stronger than at any time since the beginning of the
rebellion.
In the afternoon Mr. Lincoln saw a number of gentlemen from
Illinois, and in the early evening conversed at some length ivith
Messrs. Colfax and Ashmun. Before separation he wrote the fol
lowing in pencil, his last note :
" Allow Mr. Ashmun and friend to come in at nine o'clock to-morrow.
" A. Lincoln."
The President and General Grant had been invited to attend
Ford's Theater that night, and the public prints had announced that
they would do so, and occupy the State-box. The General left the
City. Mr. Lincoln was disinclined to go, but fearing a popular dis-
appointment if neither himself nor the General was present, decided
to attend and invited Colfax and Ashmun to accompany him, who
declined. The President and Mrs. Lincoln entered their carriage,
drove to the house of Senator Harris where they were joined by
Miss Harris and Major Rathborne, the Senator's step-son. They
reached the theater at forty minutes past eight. They entered the
reserved box and were greeted with prolonged and hearty applause
in which was mingled love for the man, admiration for the Presi-
dent, gladness for the victory of the nation. The President bowed
and was seated.
The box was a double one, on the second floor, above the stage.
From the front, a narrow passage to the rear of the dress-circle
22 P \ n:i"i [811 OF ILLINOIS.
reached the box, requiring three doors. The President oocupied :i
high-baoked rocking-chair, and the play wenl on.
Turn to another person. In the morning of thai sad Good
Friday, John Wilkes Boothe, a disloyal actor, a man whose sym-
pathy was all with rebellion, learned <>(" tin- arrangement for the
theater. !!'• engaged a rapid and well trained mare for a saddle-
ride in the afternoon Visiting Eftrkwood'e Hotel he senl a card to
Vice President JohnSOD <>n which was written "I <l<>n'l wish to dis-
turb you ; are yon at home ?" Et was signed with his name. He was
answered that the Vice-President was busy. At four he called at
the stable and rode off on the mare, which he placed where it was
to serve his purpose.
In the evening he proceeded to the theater, passed through the
narrow hall, and showing a card to the President's messenger,
entered the vestibule of" the fated box. He secured himself against
entrance from without by bracing the door with a piece of plank.
All his arrangements were made with diabolical coolness. He took
a careful survey of the interior of the box and saw that all was
ready; his victim was seated as it was meant he should be and there
was a way of escape across the stage. The. President was leaning
forward, holding the curtain of the box. The assassin cocked a
small silver-mounted Derringer pistol, and taking in his left hand a
keen, double-edged dagger, he stepped to the inner door. The
back and side of the President's head \vrv<~ fully exposed. Boothe
instantly fired, and the ball crashed through Mr. Lincoln's brain; his
head dropped forward very slightly, and he was quiet. The report
of the pistol was supposed by the audience to be a part of the pro-
gramme. Major Rathborne sprang to his feet and seized the assas-
sin, who dropped his pistol and struck the officer with his dagger,
wounding him in the left arm near the shoulder. He sprang to the
front of the box, drew aside the folds of the Hag with which it was
festooned, and leaped to the stage. As he did so, his spur caught
the folds of the flag and he partly fell. Recovering his balance, he
waved his dagger and repeated the motto of Virginia, " Sic semper
Tyrannis!" and added " the South is avenged !" He started for
the passage leading to the stage-door in the rear of the theater.
He had calculated upon the audacity of the act as its security, and
DYING. 23
so it proved. The audience did not yet comprehend the terrible
fact. The murderer dashed aside all in his way, rushed through
the door opened in readiness for him, sprang into the saddle, and
rode rapidly over the Anacosta bridge, and for the time being was
safe. The shot, the scene upon the stage, the escape were the work
of a moment.
Mrs. Lincoln screamed. Rathborne started for assistance to find
the outer door barred, and the terrible fact of assassination burst
upon the audience ! Women shrieked and fainted. Men shouted
impotently for vengeance and rushed to pursue the flying murderer.
The uproar was terrific. The lights were turned off, and the, grief-
stricken multitude dispersed. Several surgeons came forward and
examined the wound. The President was conveyed to the house of
Mr. Peterson on Tenth street, where he was placed on a bed in a
small room. Surgeon General Barnes examined the wound and in
a sad undertone said "Mortal.'1 Secretary Stanton burst into tears
and sobbed out, " Oh no ! General, no, no ! Secretaries Welles and
McCulloch, Postmaster-General Dennison, Attorney-General
Speed, General Meigs, Senator Sumner and other distinguished
gentlemen were soon in attendance and remained until all was over.
Charles Sumner held one of the hands of the dying man and wept
as a child. The wife, to be widowed in a few hours, sat with her
son and Mrs. Senator Dixon in an adjoining room.
The following minutes kept by Dr. Abbott show the progress of
dissolution through that terrible night :
11 o'clock, pulse 44.
11.05 " " 45, and growing weaker.
11.10 " " 45.
11.15 " " 42.
11.20 " " 45, respiration 27 to 29.
11.25 " " 42.
11.32 " " 48, and full.
11.40 " " 45.
11.45 " " 45, respiration 22.
12 " " 48, " 22.
12.15 " " 48, respiration 21.
ecchymosis both eyes.
12.30 o'clock, pulse 45.
12.32 " " 60.
12.35 " " 66.
'2\ PATRIOTISM OF n.UNnis.
12 10 o'clock, pulse 89, riLrht •• \ <• mucb swollenand eccbymo
12.45 " " 70.
12.66 " " BO, struggling motion of arms.
1 " " 86, respiratioD 80.
1.80 " " 96, appearing easier.
1.46 " " 86, vrr\ quiet, respiration irregular, lira. Lincoln present
2.10 " Mrs. Lincoln retired with Robert t" an adjoining room.
2.30 " President very quiet, pulse 64, respiration 28.
2.62 " pulse -18, respiration 80.
8 " visited again bj Mrs. Lincoln.
8.26 " respiration -'. and regular.
3.35 " prayer b] Rev. Dr. Gurley.
4 " respiration 26 and regular.
4.15 " pulse 60, respiration 26.
6.50 " respiration 28 regular.
6 " pulse failing, respiration 28.
6.30 " still failing and labored breathing.
7 " symptoms of immediate dissolution.
7.22 " DEATH.
At the last moment there were in attendance the Vice-President,
Secretaries Stanton, Wells, McCulloch, Usher; Attorney-
General Speed, Postmaster- General Dennison, Generals Halleck,
Meigs, Farnsworth, Augur and Todd; Senator Sumner, Rev. Dr.
( iui ley, Speaker Colfax, Ex-Governor Farwell, Judge Carter, Judge
Otto, Surgeon-General Barnes; Doctors Crane, Stone, Abbott, and
Hall; M. B. Field and R. F. Andrews.
At the moment death was announced Dr. Gurley kneeled and
offered prayer, and then proceeding to the adjoining apartment
prayed with those whose mourning was saddest as their grief was
deepest.
In another quarter of the city the tragedy of assassination was
going forward, but not to completion. At ten o'clock, within a
few minutes of the time of the President's murder, a man, subse-
quently proven to be Lewis Payne Powell, one of the conspirators,
ordinarily known as Payne, called at the residence of Secretary Sew-
ard, who was disabled from a recent accident, and s:iid to the color-
ed lad at the door that he came with medicines for Mr. Seward.
He was refused admission but forcibly made his way to the third
floor and was about entering Mr. Seward's room when Mr. Frederick
Seward stopped him. The villain drew a pistol and snapped
it, and then struck Frederick with it so violently as to fracture the
ASSAULT ON SECRETARY SEWARD. 2o
skull and knock him to the floor, made his way to the Secretary's
bedside, and stabbed at his throat, wounding him severely. A sol-
dier named Robinson, Mr. Seward's nurse, himself an invalid, threw
his arms around Payne and struggled with him until severely
stabbed. During this struggle, Mr. Seward rolled himself from his
bed. The villain alarmed by cries of murder sprang for the do< >r,
meeting Major Augustus Seward he struck him with his knife, and
on the stairs stabbed Mr. Hansell, one of Mr. Seward's attendants,
in the back. Thus he severely wounded five persons and made his
escape !
The intelligence of this double blow at the organic life of the
state produced a fearful excitement. Many clamored for vengeance.
There was a general inquiry, How far does the conspiracy extend ?
7f we have entered upon an era of assassination how many are
written in its doom-book ? In Washington the commotion was
terrible. Mr. Stanton hearing of the assault at once upon his supe-
rior, and his colleague, saw that a formidable conspiracy was striking
desperately, and promptly issued orders closing all drinking shops
and places of public gatherings in the city, stationing guards at all
avenues of assault or escape, for protecting the person of the Vice-
President and government officials and for securing the public
buildings.
Throughout the country strong men staggered under the intelli-
gence. Bells tolled in every steeple, and mourning badges were on
every house. In Illinois that grief was the deeper because Illinois
best knew and loved the slain chieftain. He had grown with her
growth, he was identified with her history, he had fought the battle
of freedom on her prairies, she had given him to the nation, and had
sent him with loving benedictions and earnest prayei*s to the post of
responsibility, peril, death !
At Springfield and Chicago, the grief and indignation were most
intense. Yet at its hight, men and women as by instinct made their
way to the principal churches, crowding them to the utmost, and
calling for Christian pastors to lead them in prayer and steady them
with exhortation.
So wore away that day. The next was the Sabbath, and almost
every pulpit made fitting allusion to the sad blow which had fallen
20 PATKInl ISM OF ILLINOIS.
upon the country and drew such lessons as suggested faith in God,
"the King of nations," "the Father in heaven."
Immediately after the decease, t lie body was removed to the
Executive Mansion and placed in the Green Room. Near the cen-
ter of the apartment was a grand catafalque on which rested tint
mahogany coffin covered with flowers. On Monday, the seven-
teenth, a meeting of Congressmen and other Leading gentlemen was
held at the Capitol, over which presided lion. Senator Lafayette S.
Foster. A committee of arrangements was appointed fur the fune-
ral, of which Hon. Charles Sumner was chairman. This committee
selected as pall-bearers Senators Foster, pro tern. President of the
Senate, Morgan, Johnson, Yates, Wade and Conness, and from the
House of Representatives, Mr. Speaker Colfax, Dawes, Cofiroth,
Smith, Worthington and Washburne. A committee of one from
each loyal State and Territory was chosen to accompany the body
to its last earthly receptacle.
On Tuesday, the Executive Mansion was opened and the body,
which had been embalmed, was permitted to be seen by the people.
' It is estimated that twenty -five thousand passed by the catafalque.
Dr. Holland says, "Hundreds of those who pressed around the
sacred dust uttered some affectionate word, or phrase, or sentence.
The rich and the poor, the white and the black, mingled their tokens
of affectionate regard and dropped, side by side, their tears upon the
coffin. It was humanity weeping over the dust of its benefactor."
Wednesday, the 19th, was such a day as the nation had never
seen. Throughout all the land was mourning and lamentation.
The funeral °ervices were announced to commence in Washington
at 12 M. and at that hour almost every Church, from Ocean to
Ocean, was crowded with tearful worshipers, was draped in mourn-
ing, and resounded with sad dirge and doleful requiem. In many
of the principal towns in Canada the observance was as general
and impressive as in the States. All business was suspended. The
Nation was a mourner.
In Washington the Departments were closed, flags were at half-
mast and all the public buildings were draped in black. The re-
mains were in the East Room. The guard of honor retained its
place, and at the head of the coffin was the brave Major-General
SERVICE AT THE WHITE HOUSE. 27
Hunter the friend of the slain President. Nearest the coffin sat
the family — except the widow who was too ill to leave her room.
There were illustrious men from many parts of the world, members
of Congress, Governors Andrew of Massachusetts, battle-scarred
Oglesby of Illinois, brave " John Brough" of Ohio, soon himself to
go to the grave, the Judges of the Supreme Court, representatives
from the Sanitary and Christian Commissions, clergymen, and
others. At 12 o'clock Andrew Johxsox, now President of the
United States, came forward, attended by his Cabinet with the
exception of Secretary Seward. Rev. Dr. Hale, of the Protestant
Episcopal Church, read the service for the dead ; Rev. Matthew
Simpson, D. D., one of the Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, offered prayer ; Rev. Dr. Gurley, of the Presbyterian
Church, pastor of the Church attended by the President and his
family, pronounced a brief but fitting address. He pertinently said
of Mr. Lincoln: " fie rose to the dignity and momentousness of the
occasion ; saw his duty as a chief-magistrate to a great and imper-
iled people ; and he determined to do his duty and his whole duty,
seeking the guidance and leaning upon the arm of Him of whom it
is written — ' He giveth power to the faint, and to them that have no
might he increaseth strength.' Yes, he leaned upon His arm. He
recognized and received the truth that the kingdom is the Lord's."
Prayer was again offered by Rev. Dr. Gray of the Baptist Church,
Chaplain of the Senate.
Then in sad procession was made the march to the Capitol.
Pennsylvania Avenue was cleared from the White House to the
Capitol Hill. Every house was in mourning — windows, piazzas,
roofs, the spacious side-walks were crowded, awaiting the funeral
car. Says Mr. Raymond:
" Filling Pennsylvania Avenue, through its whole extent, this
great procession — marshaled with military precision, and marching
to the cadence of slow music from many bands — escorted with be-
coming pomp, the remains of the martyred President to the Nation-
al Capitol, which rose in white grandeur, clad from basement to the
summit of its lordly dome, with garments of woe, to receive the
precious gift. The whole vast building was draped in black. All
the pillars were entwined with crane — from all the windows hung
emblems of mourning, and a black canopy surmounted the East-
28 p \ cbiottsm of Illinois.
tern dour, by which die great concourse was to enter. Minute guns
from .ill the forts around the city, thundered forth their sad salu-
tations—the bells from every tower and Bpire rang out, in muffled
tones, their chronicle of the stately march. At a little after 8 P. M.
the military cortege which led Hie procession, entered the open Bpace
in front of the Eastern entrance. Piling past in proper order, the
infantry, wheeling, faced the Capitol, — the artillery took position on
the hill, opposite the entrance, — the cavalry remained in the street,
and a great throng of spectators gazed in silence on the grand dis-
play. As the funeral car approached, all the military bands hurst
forth into a solemn requiem — the artillery thundered out their sol-
emn greeting — the vast crowd, as by a common impulse uncovered
— and as Rev. Dr. Grurley, in deep and impressive tones recited the
grand sentences in which the Church signalizes the departure of her
dead, the body of President Lincoln was borne into the rotunda
and placed upon the lofty catafalque. As the recitation closed
President Johnson entered the hall followed by several senators.
Captain Robert Lincoln and the family relatives came forward.
The body-guard formed in double- column near the body. Dr. Gur-
ley made a closing prayer and pronounced the benediction. All
then left the rotunda, Guards were stationed at all the doors. Gen-
eral Augur and his staff" took charge of the remains, and with drawn
swords the officers detailed for the service mounted guard over
them. As night came on, the jets of gas concealed in the bight of
the dome were lighted up and cast their softened glare upon the
vigil that was kept below.''
In the rotunda the body remained through that night and the
next day until 9 P. M. Thousands came to see the face of the
dead, among them many of the wounded and invalid soldiers of the
Union. On the morning of the 21st the members of the Cabinet,
distinguished officers of the army, and many members of Congress
made their final visit.
Illinois demanded that he whom she sent forth with her benediction
and invocation to be the nation's leader, should be brought home to
sleep in her own bosom, far from the scenes of the war which gave
him so much anguish. It was meet that his last resting-place should
be on the broad prairies where he made his home — and that, not at
FUNEKAL TKAIN KOUTE. 29
Washington, neither in Chicago, where sleeps the dust of Douglas,
his great rival, and at the last his trusted friend, but at Springfield,
his former home, from which he spoke his good-by to Illinois, and
asked the prayers of fellow- citizens should his grave be made.
It was decided to make the journey with the remains as rapid as
possible, but the demand of the country compelled a modification —
the people demanded the privilege of looking upon the face of their
honored, martyred President. It was not for ostentation, but
because the love of the people would not be denied, that the
funeral journey along a line of fifteen hundred miles was such as the
world never saw before.
A car was provided, fitted with elegant simplicity, hung in heavy
black, festooned about the windows in double rows. With appro-
priate religious service, the remains were removed from the rotunda
and under escort of the Twelfth Veteran Reserve Corps, attended
by the Lieutenant-General and many members of Congress, were
conveyed to the Baltimore and Ohio Depot, where they were received
by President Johnson and others, and placed in the car. Prayer
was offered, and then the train of seven cars — all, with the locomo-
tive, hung in deep mourning — left the depot. The War Department
had prescribed the whole route, with a schedule* of arrivals and
departures at all principal points, and a pilot engine was invariably
to precede the train. As the train moved away, all stood with
uncovered heads, and that hour more than any previous, did Wash-
ington feel its loss.
*" The programme for the transportation of President Lincoln's remains from
Washington has been issued. The railroads over which the remains will pass are
declared military roads, subject to the order of the War Department, and the rail-
roads, locomotives, cars and engines engaged on said transportation will be subject
to military control of Brigadier-General McCallum. No person will be allowed to
be transported on the cars constituting the funeral train, save those who are speci-
ally authorized by the orders of the War Department. The funeral train will not
exceed nine cars, including baggage and hearse car, which will proceed over the
whole route from Washington to Springfield.
"The remains left Washington at 8 this (Friday) morning, and arrived at Balti-
more at 10.
" Leave Baltimore at 3, afternoon, and arrive at Harrisburgh at 8:20, evening.
"Leave Harrisburgh at 12, midnight, 22d, and arrive at Philadelphia at 6:30
evening.
" Leave Philadelphia at 4, morning of Monday, 24th, and arrive at New York at 10.
30 PATRIOTISM OF Illinois.
At Baltimore, where little more than four years before the an
brutal mob clamored for the blood of Abraham Lincoln, now :> vast
mass of sorrowful people stood in tempestuous weather, and with
uncovered beads did reverence to the remains of the ( Ireal Emancipa-
tor! At Elarrisburgh the body lay in state in the Capitol of Penn-
sylvania. At Philadelphia the out-pouring of popular love and grief
was overwhelming. In a new hearse, built for the occasion, the
body of the President, followed by a procession of eleven divisions,
was conveyed to old Independence Hall! Worthy was he to be
brought where the founders of the Republic had declared the inalien-
able right of all MEN to life and liberty! For so holding and so
teaching was he slain! The hall was dressed with exquisite flowers
and draped in mourning. Until midnight the people were admitted,
and then the Hall was closed; yet many remained about it through
the eight that they might be firsl in the morning. Before day-light
lines had been formed reaching from the Delaware to the Schuylkill.
The reception and funeral cortege in New York can not be des-
cribed. The veteran General Dix was in command and the escort
was the " New York Seventh." The body was conveyed with im-
"Leave New York at 4, afternoon of the 15th, and arrive at Albany at 11, evening.
"Leave Albany at 4, afternoon of Wednesday, the 26th, and arrive at Buffalo at
1, morning of Thursday, the 27th.
"Leave Buffalo at 10:10 the same day, and arrive at Cleveland at 7, morning of
Friday, the 28th.
"Leave Cleveland at midnight same day, and arrive at Columbus at 7:30 in the
morning of Saturday, 29th.
"Leave Columbus at 8 in the evening, same day, and arrive at Indianapolis at 7
in the morning of Sunday, the 30th.
"Leave Indianapolis midnight of same day, and arrive at Chicago at 11 in the
morning of May 1st.
" Leave Chicago at 9:30 in the evening of May 2, and arrive at Springfield at 8
in the morning of Wednesday, May 3d.
" At the various points on the route the remains are to be taken from the hearse-
car by state or municipal authorities to receive public honors according to the afore-
said programme. The authorities will make such arrangements as may be fitting
and appropriate to the occasion, under the direction of the military commander of
the division, department or district; but the remains will continue always under the
special charge of the officers and escort assigned by the War Department.
" The route from Columbus to Indianapolis is via Columbus and Indianapolis Cen-
tral Railway, and from Indianapolis to Chicago via Lafayette and Michigan City.
In order to guard against accidents, trains will not run faster than twenty miles per
hour." — [Secretary Stanton's Order.
TO CHICAGO. 31
posing circumstance and pomp to the City Hall and placed beneath
the dome. It is estimated that not less than one hundred and fifty
thousand persons looked into the dead man's face, while twice that
number sought in vain to do so ! At Albany, Buffalo, Cleveland,
Columbus and Indianapolis the body lay in state, amid similar dem-
onstrations of regard.
Illinois was waiting. He should first be brought to Chicago, and
the people poured in by thousands from the country, crowding hotels
and boarding-houses for days in advance. " He comes back to us"
said one of our daily papers, " his work finished, the republic vindi-
cated, its enemies overthrown and suing for peace. * * * *
He left us, asking that the prayers of the people might be offered to
Almighty God for wisdom and help to see the right path and pur-
sue it. Those prayers were answered. He accomplished the work,
and now the prayers of the people ascend for help to bear the great
affliction which has fallen upon them. Slain as no other man has
been slain — cut down while interposing his great charity and mercy
between the wrath of the people and guilty traitors. The people of
Chicago receive the sacred ashes with bowed heads and streaming
eyes."
On the morning of May 1st, the funeral-train brought all that was
mortal of Abraham Lincoln back to Illinois ! As it came into the
approaches of Chicago, it passed very near and in full sight of the
grave of Douglas ! On the lake-shore, on Michigan avenue and in
the cross-streets was such a mass of people as never were crowded
before on the shore of Lake Michigan.
The train was halted at Park Place and the coffin removed, and
the remains borne to the hearse beneath a most beautiful, emblem-
atic, gothic arch. Then moved one of the most imposing processions
ever seen upon the continent, military and civic, all trades and pro-
fessions ; the streets were hung with mourning; from roof, window,
lintel, trembled the touching emblems of bereavement; flags at half-
mast were edged with crape, and heavy with the sign of sorrow.
In door-ways, in Avindows, on roofs, on temporary staging provided
for the occasion, and along the side-walks of the streets assigned
to the procession were thousands of people who came to look upon
the coffin, if they might see no more. At length, amid the firing of
minute guns and the sad tolling of bells the coffin was borne into
32 PATEIOTIBM OF M.I.IN
the Court-House and placed upon a massive dais. In the evening
it was opened and all through the afternoon, night, and the next
day passed the line of citizens Looking with sadness indescribable
upon the dead mail's face.
At 9.80 on the nighl ofMaj 2d, the funeral train Lefl the depot of
the Chicago, Aliun and St. Louis railway, <>n its lasl stage. It was
to bearthe pure chieftain through the prairies he had bo much Loved
to his final resting-place. He wasgoing back f<> his old borne and
his oldfriends. It was th • beginning <>i' the end. Said a Chi
paper :
" From the Capitol of the nation where he had so ably and faith-
fully guided the republic in its trial hours, through the great East-
em cities, their thronging thousands bowed down in anguish, \
ward through the capitals ofthe great Btates of the Ohio valley, the
mourning increasing in intensity and depth of feeling, at lasl to
Chicago, the city that he loved and thai loved him so well, received
with a solemn magnificence of pageantry and funeral pomp unexcell-
ed anywhere on the route. Arch and festoon, the black for sorrow
and the white for hope, the old flag waving at half-mast that a week
before was flying to the breeze in honor of victory ; tolling of bell
and booming of minute gun; solemn dirges wailing upon the air,
and thousands of silent men and women and children standing upon
the walks with bared heads and reverential mien as the great dead
passed by, receiving in their hearts the powerful impressions and in-
fluences inspired by the presence of these sacred ashes."
" At 9 o'clock on the morning of the 4th the train arrived. Two
hours it had been preceded by a special train bearing a committee
of one hundred citizens of Chicago. When that party reached
Springfield it found already the depot and grounds adjacent
crowded with sad, decorous people. The 14Gth Illinois Volunteers,
under Col. Dean, was stationed in close order up Jefferson street
and kept that broad avenue clear.
"When the cortege arrived the procession was formed and moved
to the State House, and after a preliminary survey by General
Hooker, the coffin was removed to it. The general decorations of
the Representatives' Hall and the description of the catafalque can-
not be given . in detail. The latter was designed by Colonel
AT SPRINGFIELD. 33
A. Schwartz, late of General McClernand's staff, Mr. Wright,
an artist of Springfield, and Dr. French of the same city. In its
general tone, harmony, and relief of colors it was very artis-
tic and admirable in conception, although the dingy contracted
chamber in which it was placed detracted greatly from its . effect.
The painful contrast of black and white was relieved both :in the
inner surface of the canopy and the background against which it
was thrown. The former was covered with white crape, over a
ground of blue, and spangled with silver stars, giving it the general
effect of the sky immediately after twilight; the background was in
the light tints of red, white and blue, radiating as from a sun and
representing the national colors, in harmony with the tones of the
picture of Washington resting against it and brightening up the
gloom of the chamber. The decorations of the catafalque canopy
and dais were all in good taste and harmony with the mournful oc-
casion. The portrait of Washington was a copy of the well-known
Stuart, and, by an odd conceit of the artist, was gaily trimmed with
green and white intending to portray the joy of the Father of his
Country at meeting in the other world the Savior of the Republic.
Whatever may be thought of the idea intended to be conveyed, the
contrast with the general tone of the catafalque and surroundings
was very violent, and was the only defect visible in the arrange-
ments for the reception of the remains. The materials of which
the catafalque was composed were all of the richest description.
The decorations of the gallery were neat and appropriate, and the
crossed sprays of laurel in the panels in excellent taste. The
mournful prophetic extract from the late President's speech at Phil-
adelphia, ' Rather than surrender these principles, I would prefer
to be assassinated on the spot,' inscribed around the gallery, had a
terrible significance in that sacred spot and in the presence of the
great dead. Those principles were not surrendered. Acted upon
up to the very syllable, not one scintilla of right yielded, firmly,
prudently but inflexibly keeping the Ship of State straight on in the
course of freedom and humanity, following only the lights of the
Constitution and the law, he was struck down at the helm while the
old ship was entering the calm harbor of peace. Conspirators had
skulked into the hold. Slavery had watched its opportunity, and
3
34 PATBIOTISM Of [LLQfOIS.
struck the foul blow thai to the latesl syllable of recorded time Bhall
crown the assassin with Infamy.
"The mourning decorations of the exterior of the State-House
were marked by an excellent tasta The building itself most cer-
tainly presents Little architectural beauty, and can Lay no more
claims to Btateliness or elegance of finish than an ordinary ware-
house ; but, draped in the symbols of mourning, it assumed an ap-
pearance of solemnity, and, contrasted with the remainder of the
city, had a somewhat imposing effect. The natural appearanoe of
the grounds hightened this. Vegetation is much further advanced
here than in Chicago, and the verdure in the grounds was beautiful.
The trees were in full leaf, the flowers in blossom, and the plats of
grass seemed beds of pure emerald. The hemisphere of the dome
was covered with black and white streamers, looped at the center
with rosettes. The main portion of the lower section was com-
pletely encircled with black and white, and the outside pillars were
connected with crossed bands. The main columns of the Capitol
were completely swathed with evergreens, and at all the windows
were heavy mourning curtains, looped at the sides with scalloped
cornices, imparting to the building a very somber and funereal
aspect."
The city wore signs of mourning throughout. The Old Home
of Mr. Lincoln called about it thousands of visitors. Says the cor-
respondent of one of the daily papers :
" With the appearance of the house which has now become historic,
all are familiar. Plain, unpretending and substantial, it is the type
of Mr. Lincoln's character. The shrubbery in front of the house,
principally rosebushes, many of them planted by Mr. Lincoln's own
hand, are in full leaf, and a beautiful rose-vine clambers up one of
the door-posts and trails over the cornice. Lilies are sprinkled
here and there, and closely shaven trim grass plats ran down to the
neat picket fence surmounting the wall. The columns of the piazza
at the rear of the bouse are also twined with vines and creepers, and
the apple trees between the house and the barns showered the
ground with the pink and white of the blossoms, and filled the air
with fragrance. The house, which is now occupied by Lucien Til-
ton, Esq., was very heavily draped in mourning. The windows
AT SPRINGFIELD. 35
were curtained with black and white, the corner posts wreathed with
evergreens,the cornice hidden by festoons of black and white looped
up at intervals, and the space between the cornice of the door and
the central window filled with the American flag gracefully trimmed.
There is little of the furniture in the house which belonged to Mr.
Lincoln. In the front parlor is a what-not and a small marble-top-
ped table on which was lying a beautiful cross of white camelias.
In the back parlor, which he was accustomed to use as his study,
is his book-case. This was his favorite room, and here he toiled and
wrote, unconsciously preparing himself for the great mission he was
to fulfill. Idle the pen ! closed the book ! departed the writer !
The mission is fulfilled. Dropped the curtain ! out the lights ! for
the drama is over, but the great thoughts and the great deeds that
pervaded it are immortal. A heavy oaken bedstead and a chamber-
set conclude the relics."
For twenty-four hours the people passed in a ceaseless line by
the coffin, only pausing when the hour came to close the lid. The
arrangements of the funeral were held in abeyance and somewhat
disturbed by a difference of opinion as to the place of the tomb, final-
ly adjusted in favor of Oak Ridge. It was on the 4th, the day was
oppressively hot, and the walk one of wearisome length, yet an im-
mense throng preceded, accompanied and followed the procession.
The commanding officer was Major-General Joseph Hooker.
The cemetery is naturally one of much beauty, though at that
time comparatively unimproved. It is on two curving ridges,
between which flows a winding brook. Entering, and passing about
midway, was reached the vault, a simple lime-stone structure with
Doric columns. The floor was covered with cedar boughs. In front
were the escort and official delegations. Immediately before the
entrance were General Hooker, General Townsend, Admiral Davis
and other officers of note. The platform for the speakers was by
some strange oversight left uncovered, exposed to the sun. Beside
the coffin of the President was also that of " Willie." Among the
mourners were his two surviving sons. After singing Rev. A. Hale
offered prayer. The oration was delivered by Rev. Bishop Matthew
Simpson, for whom, as a preacher, the deceased President had en-
tertained the highest regard. It was delivered without manuscript
36 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
or notes of any kind, and was a noble, impassioned tribute to the
worth of the departed. He said :
M How different the occasion which witnessed his departure from
that which witnessed his return ! Doubtless you expected to take
him by the hand, and to feel the warm grasp which you had felt in
other days, and to see the tall form walking among yon which you
had delighted to honor in years past. But he was never permitted
to come until he came with lips mute and silent, the frame eneoffin-
ed, and a weeping nation following as his mourners. Such a scene
as his return to you was never witnessed. Among the events of
history there have been great ju-ocessions of mourners. There was
one for the patriarch Jacob, which went up from Egypt, and the
Egyptians wondered at the evidences of reverence and filial affec-
tion which came from the hearts of the Israelites. There was
mourning when Moses fell upon the bights of Pisgah, and was hid
from human view. There have been mournings in the kingdoms of
the earth when kings and warriors have fallen. But never was there
in the history of man such mourning as that which has accompanied
this funeral procession, and has gathered around the mortal remains
of him who was our loved one, and who now sleeps among us. If
we glance at the procession which followed him, we see how
the nation stood aghast. Tears filled the eyes of manly, sunburnt
faces. Strongmen, as they clasped the hands of their friends, were
not able in words to find vent for their grief. Women and little
children caught up the tidings as they ran through the land, and
were melted into tears. The nation stood still. Men left their
plows in the fields and asked what the end should be. The hum of
manufactories ceased, and the sound of the hammer was not heard.
Busy merchants closed their doors, and in the exchange gold passed
no more from hand to hand. Though three weeks have elapsed, the
nation has scarcely breathed easily yet. A mournful silence is
abroad upon the land ; nor is this mourning confined to any class or
to any district of country. Men of all political parties, and of all
religious creeds, have united in paying this mournful tribute. The
Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church in New York and a Pro-
testant minister walked side by side in the sad procession, and a
Jewish Rabbi performed a part of the solemn services.
bishop Simpson's okation. 37
" Here are gathered around his tomb the representatives of the
army and navy, senators, judges, governors and officers of all the
branches of the government. Here, too, are members of civic pro-
cessions, with men and women, from the humblest as well as the
highest occupations. Here and there, too, are tears as sincere and
warm as any that drop, which come from the eyes of those whose
kindred and whose race have been freed from their chains by him
whom they mourn as their deliverer. More persons have gazed on
the face of the deceased than ever looked upon the face of any other
departed man. More have looked on the procession for sixteen
hundred miles, by night and by day, by sunlight, dawn, twilight
and by torchlight, than ever before watched the progress of a pro-
cession.
****** *
" But the great act of the mighty chieftain, on which his fame shall
rest long after his frame shall moulder away, is that of giving free-
dom to a race. We have all been taught to revere the sacred char-
acters. Among them Moses stands pre-eminently high. He re-
ceived the law from God, and his name is honored among the hosts
of heaven. "Was not his greatest act the delivering of three millions
of his kindred out of bondage ? Yet we may assert that Abraham
Lincoln, by his proclamation, liberated more enslaved people than
ever Moses set free, and those not of his kindred or his race. Such
a power, or such an opportunity, God has seldom given to man.
When other events shall have been forgotten ; when this world shall
have become a network of republics ; when every throne shall be
swept from the face of the earth ; when literature shall enlighten all
minds ; when the claims of humanity shall be recognized every-
where, this act shall still be conspicuous on the pages of history.
We are thankful that God gave to Abraham Lincoln the decision
and wisdom and grace to issue that proclamation, which stands high
above all other papers which have been penned by uninspired men.
*******
" The time will come when, in the beautiful words of him whose
lips are now forever sealed, ' The mystic cords of memory stretch-
ing from every battle-field and patriot grave to every living heart
and hearth- stone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus
;;s
ta n;i< > i is\r of ii.i.imus.
of the Union, when again tonohed, as Bnrely they will be, by the
better angels <>f our nature.'
"Chieftain, farewell! The nation mourns thee. Mothers shall
teach thy name t<> their lisping children. The youth of our Land
shall emulate thy virtues. Statesmen shall study thy record and
learn lessons of wisdom. .Mule though thy lips be, yet they still
speak. Hushed is thy voice, but its echoes of liberty are ringing
through the world, and the sons of bondage listen with joy. Pris-
oned thou art in death, and yel thou art marching abroad, ami chains
and manacles are bursting at thy touch. Thou didst fall not for
thyself. The assassin had no hate for thee. Our hearts were aimed
at, our national life was sought. We crown thee as our martyr,
and humanity enthrones thee as her triumphant son. Hero, Martyr,
Friend, Farewell !"
Rev. Dr. Gurley read the following ode, and offered a short
prayer, and committed " ashes to ashes, dust to dust," and the
bodies of father and son were placed within the vault and the
massive door closed !
" Rest, noble Martyr ! rest in peace :
Rest with the true and brave,
Who, like thee, fell in Freedom's cause,
The nation's life to save.
"Thy name shall live while time endures,
And men shall say of thee,
4 He saved his country from its foes,
And bade the slave be free.'
"These deeds shall be thy monument,
Better than brass or stone ;
They leave thy fame in glory's light,
Unrivaled and alone.
"This consecrated spot shall be
To Freedom ever dear ;
And Freedom's sons of every race
Shall weep and worship here.
"0 God ! before whom we, in tears,
Our fallen Chief deplore,
Grant that the cares for which he died
Mav live forevermore."
LINCOLN — HIS GEAVE ! 39
There, in that quiet spot, in that beautiful cemetery, sleeps all that
was mortal of the noblest man born to this country. The author
will attempt no eulogy. Lincoln's monument is in the love of a
saved nation, and it will lift its summit higher with each succeeding
age. His work was finished. We may not comprehend the mys-
tery which permitted his removal at such an hour and in such a
way. God hideth himself wondrously, and sometimes seems to
stand afar from his truth and his cause when most needed.
He came to his high position Avith his great qualities half hidden
beneath rustic manners, but as emergencies revealed the man he
was found to have mental breadth and clearness, incorruptible in-
tegrity, strength of will, tireless patience, humanity, preserved from
weakness by conscientious reverence for law, ardent love of coun-
try, confidence in the American people, and an all-regulating sense
of responsibility to God, the King of nations. He possessed the
power to comprehend a subject at once in the aggregate and in its
details. His eye swept a wide horizon and descried clearly all
within its circumference. He was a keen logician, whose apt man-
ner of " putting things" made him more than a match for practiced
diplomatists and wily marplots. There were men of might about
his council-board, scholars and statesmen, but none arose to his alti-
tude, much less was either his master.
That very facetiousness sometimes criticised, kept him from be-
coming morbid, and gave healthfulness to his opinions, free alike
from fever and paralysis. That his was incorruptible integrity, no
man dare question. He was not merely above reproach, but emi-
nently above suspicion. Purity is receptive. " Blessed are the
pure in heart, for they shall see God," is as profound in philosophy
as comprehensive in theology. Purity in the realm of moral de-
cision and motive, is a skylight to the soul, through which truth
comes direct. Abraham Lincoln wTas so pure in motive and pur-
pose, looked so intensely after the right that he might pursue it, that
he saw clearly where many walked in mist.
He made mistakes, for he was human. But it is evident he was
the divinely chosen Moses of our deliverance, albeit he was to die
at Pisgah and be " buried over against Bethpeor."
In the dawning hour of peace, amid the exultations of the Union,
40 PATRIOTISM Of ILLIHOIS.
* 'u he slain ! As the ship which had been rocking in the waves
and trembling before the storm was entering the harbor, a pirate
who Bailed with the passengers, basely > 1 1 < > t tin- j.il< >t .it the wheel!
Never assassination produced so terrible a shock. For —
"He had borne his faculties so meek, had been
So clear in his great office, that his virtues
Do plead like angels, tnunpet-tongued, against
The deep damnation of Lis taking ofl'.''
One more impressive pageant was to commemorate Ins virtues.
By order of Congress, the 12th of February, 1866, was observed hy
the National authorities and both Houses as commemorative of Mr.
Lincoln.
The hall was richly draped; mourning festoons had been ar-
ranged around the speaker's tabic and the " American flag" hung
just above and encircled the old clock which has noted time there
since the days of Clay and Webster.
An observer in the gallery thus wrote : " Twelve o'clock, and
Speaker Colfax called the House to order, and prayer was of-
fered by Dr. Boynton, Chaplain of the House of Representatives,
at the conclusion of which a letter was laid before the House by the
Speaker, from Hon. W. H. Seward, Secretary of State, expressing
his regrets that the state of his health forbade his participating in
the ceremonies of the occasion.
"At ten minutes past 12 the Senate of the United States was an-
nounced, which entered in a body, preceded by the Sergeant-at-
Arms, and headed by Hon. Lafayette S. Foster, Vice-President of
the United States, pro tempore, and was received by the House
standing.
"Five minutes later the President of the United States and Cabi-
net were announced. President Johnson entered arm-in-arm with
Hon. Solomon Foote, Chairman of the Joint Committee of Ar-
rangements on the part of the Senate, followed by Hon. George
Bancroft, orator of the day, Senator Doolittle and the Cabinet. The
President and Cabinet were seated immediately in front of the
Speaker's table. Mr. Bancroft was conducted to his seat at the
table of the Speaker of the House, and Hon. Solomon Foote seated
at his right and Hon. E. B. Washburne at his left. Acting Vice-
BANCROFT S ORATION. 41
President Foote and Speaker Colfax also had seats at the Speaker's
table.
" Chief Justice Chase with the associate justices of the Supreme
Court of the United States entered in full official robes of black
and were seated to the left of the President and Cabinet.
" Le Miserere from ' II Trovatore' was executed by the Mamie
Band. Again we bowed our heads in prayer which was most fer-
vently offered by Rev. Dr. Boynton.
" Vice-President Foster arose and after a few impressive introduc-
tory remarks, introduced the Hon. George Bancroft.
" His oration was a masterly production. He reviewed the history
of our Republic from its 'earliest period, showing the influence
which slavery has exerted in our national polity until it culminated
in rebellion and the murder of our illustrious chief. He gave a
scorching review of the Dred Scott decision, which will fasten upon
it fresh opprobrium. His history of the early life and career of Mr.
Lincoln was graphic and touching. He gave a just and discrimi-
nating analysis of his character and prominence to the leading
events of his administration. Portions of his address were re-
ceived with great applause. The names of Cobden and Bright
were heartily cheered.
" The whole oration does justice not only to the lamented dead,
but to the orator and the peoplfe for whom he has so nobly spoken."
Nemesis marked the murderers. Large rewards were offered for
their capture. Payne, the wretch who attempted Mr. Seward's
murder was first arrested. Boothe, and his associate Harrold were
traced through the counties of Prince George, Charles and St. Mary
in Maryland, across the Potomac into King George and Caroline in
Virginia. They passed the Rappahannock at Port Conway, and
advanced some distance toward Bowling Green. Some colored men
and a paroled rebel prisoner gave information which put the pur-
suers directly on their path, and they were tracked and brought to
bay on the morning of April 26th, in a barn on the place of Mr. Gar-
rett. Harrold surrendered. Boothe was defiant and desperate, and
Boston Corbett shot him. He lingered some hours in intense pain
and died. It came out that as he leaped from the box of the theater,
and fell upon the stage, he fractured a small bone. Thus, unable to
4:2 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
halt for treatment, he was driven to bay — smoked oat like a wild
beast and shot like a hyena where lie stood ! He was not permitted
to put on heroic parade and play the orator on the scaffold, but by
swift and terrible retribution was sent to his account.
Azterodt, O'Laughlin, Spangler, Dr. Mudd, Arnold and Mrs. Sur-
ratt were arrested. On the 8th of May a Military Commission was
convened and these parties brought to trial. Ilarrold, Azterodt,
Payne and Mrs. Surratt were sentenced to be hanged, and the Ex-
ecutive order carried the sentence into effect July 7th. O'Langhlin,
Arnold and Dr. Mudd were sentenced to imprisonment at hard labor
for life, and Spangler for six years.
So falls the curtain upon this terrible tragedy.
CHAPTER II.
BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA.
Action of Washington Authorities — Rosecrans' Advance — Bragg Occupies Chat-
tanooga— Stanley's Advance — Successes — Plan of Federal Campaign — Burn-
side's Column Reaches Knoxville — Orders — Rosecrans Reaches Chattanooga
— Bragg Evacuates the City — Pursuit — Orders to Hurlbut, Grant, Sherman,
Pope and Schofield for Reinforcements — Bragg at Lafayette — Cavalry Raids
— Added Rebel Forces — Rosecrans Mistaken — His Line — Chickamauga Creek —
Negley — Position — Bragg Waits — The 17th — Change of Federal Lines — 18th,
Order of Battle — Saturday the 19th — Minty and Wilder — Our Line — Battle
Opens — No Decisive Results — Night — Changed Order — Rebel Order — Sabbath
the 20th — Battle Opens — The Fourteenth Army Corps — Desperate Fighting —
Order to Wood — Our Army Broken in Two — Is the Day Lost ? " Rock of
Chickamauga" — Thomas' New Position — Carnival of Death — Position Held —
A Gap Discovered — Granger in Time — Halleck's Report — Day Saved ! — Losses
— Effect on the Two Commanders — Burnside — Knoxville — Siege Raised — Illi-
nois Soldiers.
THE record of the campaigns which succeeded Vicksburg and
Gettysburg must be brief. In the "West, Illinois was repre-
sented on every field. At Chickamauga a sanguinary battle was
fought, and while the hero*of Stone River lost his laurels, his wily
competitor also came into disgrace — Rosecrans defeated, held the
field ; Bragg successful, was compelled to retreat.
In June, 1863, the authorities at Washington were convinced that
Bragg's army was being weakened to strengthen Lee, and urged
Rosecrans to bring on a contest with him, and destroy or drive him
back into Georgia. The General, with his associates, hesitated on
the grounds of a deficiency in cavalry, and the importance of fio-ht-
ing near his base — Murfreesboro. Nevertheless he commenced on
tho 25th a series of maneuvers, which, without a great battle, com-
I I ]> \ I EUOTim <»F ILLINOIS.
pelled Bragg to abandon Middle Tennessee, and retreat upon Chat-
tanooga. General Stanley occupied Shelbyville, and, leaving it in
command of General Granger, moved forward to Huntsville.
In these preliminary movements, the Federal bucgobb w ai marked ;
1,034 rebel prisoners were captured, with six pieces of artillery and
a large amounl of Btores. Bragg reached Chattanooga and Btrongly
fortified his position on the south side of the Tennessee River, as
far up as Blythe's Ferry.
A grand campaign was designed. Rosecrans with the main col-
umn was to move on Chattanooga from Tullahoma and Winchester,
while the Army of the Ohio, under Burnside, should move from
Lexington, Kentucky, via Knoxville. Bosecrans marching almost
due east about eighty miles, Burnside south about two hundred.
Burnside moved August 21st, and reached Knoxville on the 3d of
September, which surrendered unconditionally on the 9th, with 2,000
prisoners, fourteen pieces of artillery, with military stores.
Burnside telegraphed that lie held Cumberland Gap with all of
East Tennessee above Loudon, with the gaps of the mountains of
North Carolina, and was directed by General Halleck, to concen-
trate the principal portion of his victorious legions on the Tennessee,
west from Loudon, to co-operate with Kosecrans, who was to " oc-
cupy Dal ton or some point on the railroad, to close all access from
Atlanta, and also the mountain passes in the West." — [Ilalleck's
Order, September 11, 18G3.
Rosecrans advanced on Chattanooga, and found it too strong to
be carried by assault, and by a series of masterly maneuvers com-
pelled Bragg to abandon his strong Jiold and retreat, and the federal
left wing entered the city. Bragg retreated toward Clenland and
Dalton, important points on the triangle of the Western and Atlan-
tic Railway.
Rosecrans pushed on in pursuit, and the authorities at Washing-
ton fearing Bragg was being reinforced by the flower of Lee's army
telegraphed on the 13th of September to General Hurlbut at Mem-
phis, to leave Steel to defend himself and send all his available
strength to Corinth and Tuscumbia, to aid Rosecrans, and in the
event that Bragg should attempt to turn the Federal right and re-
cross the river into Tennessee Hurlbut was to send to Sherman for
THE POSITION. 45
help. Generals Grant and Sherman were also telegraphed atVicks-
burg with similar directions. On the 14th, Hurlbut and Burnside
were directed to hurry forward reinforcements with all possible
speed. And similar orders were given to General Pope, in com-
mand of the Northwest, and General Schofield, of Missouri.
On the 14th, the enemy was concentrated near Lafayette, Geor-
gia. By repeated cavalry raids he had threatened the severance of
Rosecrans from his supplies and to thrust the rebel wedge between
him and Burnside, but was in fact awaiting reinforcements, which
were reaching him. Johnston's troops from Mississippi, and the
men captured at Vicksburg and Port Hudson, and with the usual
rebel candor declared exchanged, were there, and Bragg only
awaited the arrival of Longstreet with his veteran corps, when he
meant to avenge, amid Georgian mountains, his army for its defeat
at Stone River. General Rosecrans, deceived by the easy capture
of Chattanooga, into the belief that Bragg was demoralized was
pressing on to capture him with his whole army. His line stretched
from Gordon's Mills to Alpine — forty miles — occupying the passes
of Lookout Mountain. On Wednesday, the 16th, he concentrated on
West Chickamauga Creek, about ten miles northwest from Lafay-
ette, Georgia, with headquarters at Crawfish Spring.
The strength of the rebel force began to be felt when General
Thomas directed Negley to debouch through a pass of Pigeon
Mountain and at the moment met so staunch a resistance as to com-
pel a hasty retreat. This caused the Federal leaders to consider
whether Bragg meant to fight or to secure his retreat, and they decid-
ed that he meant battle. McCook was next day moving back on
Lookout Mountain, with orders to close on the center, while Critten-
den, at Gordon's Mills, placed his corps in good position for defense.
Rosecrpns held the ground west of the creek, the left on Gordon's
Mills, while Bragg was east of the stream, with a position favorable
for masked movements. Had he hurled his legions on Rosecrans
immediately after Negley's repulse he would have crushed him.
McCook and Thomas were separated nearly three days' march;
Crittenden could send no help to Thomas without exposing Chatta-
nooga and Thomas could not go to Crittenden without leaving Mc-
Cook at the mercy of the rebel force. But Bragg waited, and, on
4G PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
the 17th, MoCook brought his dusty, travel-worn men to Thomas
and they were placed in order of battle. Reconnoissanoes on the
18th convinced onr leaders that Bragg was reinforced by the arri-
val of a portion, at least,, of Longstreet's corps, and that he was
massing his forces in front of our left center and left wing with the
purpose of a movement which would place them between the Fed-
eral army and Chattanooga. Rosecrans ordered a counter-move-
ment by the left flank, wheeling his army and placing it down the
creek. During the night of the 18th, the 14th Army Corps (Thomas')
forming the center, with Johnson's division of MeCook's corps,
swung to the left, past Crittenden's (21st) corps, becoming the left
and making the 21st the center of the army. Davis and 9heridan's
division of MeCook's corps were to move into the position occupied
by the 14th corps, but had not fully occupied it before the bursting
of the battle on the morning of Saturday, the 19th. On the after-
noon of the 18th, Colonels Minty and Wilder, watching the Ring-
gold road crossing, withstood gallantly a severe attack from the
enemy's left, but were compelled to retreat.
On the morning of the 19th, the Federal battle-line extended along
the Rossville and Lafayette roads, north and south, the right on
Gordon's Mills, the left at Kelly's House. On the extreme left was
Brannan, next Baird and Reynolds, with Johnson in the center as
reserve; Palmer, with his iron men, was on the right of Reynolds,
VanCleve was next him, and upon his right, reaching to the Mills,
was the command of Wood. Negley, four miles south, held Owen's
Gap. Davis and Sheridan were south of Negley, moving to the old
position of the 14th Army Corps. General Granger held the re-
serve on Rossville road, covering the approach from Ringgold.
At 10 A. M. the battle opened on the Federal extreme left, and
was continued until night-fall, being a struggle for position on the
Chattanooga road. It was without decisive results.
That night changes were made in both armies, preparatory to the
terrible contest of Sunday, the 20th. The Federal line was short-
ened about a mile, the right resting upon a strong position at Mission
Ridge, Thomas still holding the left, Crittenden the center, McCook
the right.
The rebel commander divided his army into two wings. Lieute::-
THE BATTLE CRASH. 47
ant-General Polk commanding tlie right, while the left was assigned
to Lieutenant-General Longstreet, who arrived at 11 o'clock on the
night of the 19th. From right to left the rebel army was under
Breckenridge, Cleburn, Cheatham, Stewart, Hood, Hindman and
Preston. Brass's order was to begin the engagement on the right
and bring in engagement after engagement until all were hurled
upon the Federal troops, and Lieutenant- General Polk was
ordered to open the engagement at day-break, but from a derange-
ment of his plans, that officer could not do so until 9 A. M., when
Breckenridge and Cleburn assailed General Thomas. His men hold-
ing a high point, the key of the position, had constructed a rude de-
fense of rails and logs. Onward came the gray-clad legions and
were dashed backward. Again and yet again the brigades advanced
en echelon, maddened to desperation, but melted like frost-work
before the Union fire. The rebel force was massed for a final charge.
Thomas rode along his torn line and steadied it. With a force of
heavy artillery the rebel army came on — the Union men stood firm —
Palmer and Van Cleve were not to be easily crushed, and their brave
men stood against that overwhelming assault until they looked their
foemen in the very eyes. For more than two hours the key was
held, but they were at length compelled to yield.
As Thomas stood like a lion at bay, General Longstreet had
brought his veterans to the contest, and our out-numbered men were
in sore peril. Rosecrans began moving troops rapidly from left to
right. Thomas, compelled to fall back, had formed a new position,
and was holding it and sent for help. Reynolds was sorely pressed,
and General Rosecrans issued an order to Wood, concerning which
there has been much dispute. The commanding General reports
that it was to " close up on General Reynolds." General Wood
supposed he was to march by the left flank, pass General Brannan
and go to the relief of Reynolds, and that Davis and Sheridan
would shift to the left and close up the line. Wood says Brannan's
line was between him and Reynolds. The movement opened a
wide gap in our line of battle, and Longstreet ordered Buckner with
twelve pieces of artillery to press into it. The order was instantly
obeyed ; on came the rebels, striking Davis' division in flank and
rear, throwing it into confusion, and causing it severe loss of men.
4r» r.YTKloTISM OF ILLINOIS.
VanCleve'a and Palmer's divisions were struck with equal violence
on the right, and thrown into disorder. The army was cut in twain,
the right and renter w<re routed, and the day seemed hopelessly
lost.
But now Thomas won that title, " The Root of Chickamanga."
The rout had carried the right and center, witli Rosecrans,
M sCook and Crittenden, hack to Chickamauga. Thomas learned
the situation from General Garfield, Chief-of-Staff, who made his
way, somehow, through the carnage. lie had formed his line cres-
cent shaped, on Missionary Ridge, the right at ihc Gap, the left on
the Lafayette road, a southeast hill at the center forming the key.
He formed his brave, bleeding men, with fragments from Sheridan's
and other divisions, fronted the Ridge with artillery and waited the
coming of Longstreet, who had been the resistless Achilles of the
day, and had described a circle of victory, and stood facing his men
as at day-break. Kershaw, of Law's division, was ordered to attack
the Ridge and did so gallantly but was repulsed. The attack was
renewed, and the attacking columns made repeated assaults, but
were swept by the fire of our strong positions. At half-past three
Longstreet ascertained there was a gap in the hills and through this
poured his legions and the early disaster of the day was about to be
repeated.
But Granger came with the reserve. The God of battles held
that forlorn hope of the Union army in his hand. Stead man's Cav-
alry Brigade burst upon Longstreet's force. General Hal leek thus
tells the story: "In the words of General Rosed-ans1 report, 'swift
was the charge, and terrible was the conflict, but the enemy was
broken.' A thousand of our brave men killed and wounded paid
for its possession, but we held the Gap. Two divisions of Long-
street's corps confronted the position. Determined to take it, they
successively came to the assault. A battery of six guns, placed in
the gorge* poured death and slaughter into them. They charged
within a few yards of the pieecs, but our grape and canister, and
the leaden hail of musketry, delivered in sparing but terrible volleys
from cartridges taken in many instances from the boxes of their fal-
len companions, was too much even for Longstreet's men. About
*Add to the above a cavalry loss of 1,000 — totaL 16,851, with 36 guns. 20
caissons, 8,550 small arms, 5,831 infantry accoutrements.
UNION LOSS. 49
sunset they made their last charge, when our men, being out of
ammunition, moved on them with the bayonet, and they gave way to
return no more. In the meantime the enemy made repeated
attempts to carry General Thomas' position on the left and front,
but were as often thrown back with great loss. At night-fall the
enemy fell back, leaving General Thomas victorious on his hard-
fought field."
The defeat of the day was saved by the victory of the evening.
Our army had been broken, but remained upon the field. The ene-
my vauntingly announced a great victory, and yet was not able to
remain upon the ground.
But it is useless to deny that we had been severely smitten. Rose-
crans had failed in his plans ; the enemy had broken his battle
array ; he was pressed back into Chattanooga, but Thomas with his
brave associates plucked victory out of the jaws of defeat. Thomas
was from thence enrolled among the great generals of the army.
During the night Thomas fell back to Rossville, where on the 21st
he offered battle, which was declined by the rebel foe, and on the
night of that day, he withdrew into the defences of Chattanooga.
The Union loss was reported as follows :
THOMAS' FOURTEENTH CORPS.
Officers. Men. Total.
Killed 36 635 671
Wounded 206 3,277 3,503
Missing 127 2,000 2,127
Total 369 5,932 6,301
mccook's second corps.
Killed 40 363 403
Wounded 168 2,367 2,535
Missing 77 1,503 1,580
Total 285 4,233 4,518
Crittenden's twenty-first corps.
Killed 39 296 235
Wounded 131 2,157 936
Missing 22 655 561
Total 129 1,603 1,732
4
50 patriotism of [llinoi8.
gbangeb's reserve corps.
Killed. 1G 219 235
Wounded 59 877 936
Missing 280 50? 561
Total 355 ' 1,603 1,732
TOTAL.
Killed 131 1,531 1,644
Wounded 564 8,698 9,262
Missing 280 4,665 4,945
Total 975 14,866 15,851*
It was a bloody battle. Rosecrans lost both fame and position,
and Bragg, by failing to follow up the victory he claimed, completed
the overthrow of his reputation, which had been tottering since the
battle of Stone River. He lost at Chickamanga some 18,000. After
our forces retired into Chattanooga, he took possession of the
passes of Lookout Mountain.
Burnside failed to reach Rosecrans, and Bragg sent Longstreet to
crush him. The Union General knew his antagonist, and evacuating
Loudon, fell back to Lenoirs, and concentrating his forces, advanced
on Loudon, and drew the rebel force two miles, but learning that the
principal rebel army was advancing upon him, again fell back. He
was overtaken at Campbell's Station and forced to give battle to a
vastly superior force, which he held in check until night-fall, when he
resumed his retreat, which was conducted in admirable order, and
entered Knoxville November 17th, and was besieged by Longstreet,
who coolly sat down to starve out the Federal force, and remained
until Sherman was sent by General Grant to relieve Burnside, when
he raised the siege and retreated to Virginia, Burnside in turn be-
coming pursuer, but not securing any general engagement.
The share of Illinois soldiers in the strife of Chickamanga was
not small. There was a large number of regiments trained to the
stern music of Belmont, Donelson, Shiloh and Murfreesboro, and
they proved themselves worthy of their record. They bore their
eagles gallantly, and braved peril and death. Both officers and men
proved themselves worthy compeers of the best and bravest. They
were very soon to aid in retrieving the disasters of that field,
t > break the power of the rebel army in the West, and to bear their
tattered banners from the mountain to the sea.
TURCHIN — REGIMENTS. 51
One of the most gallant feats of the battle was a headlong charge
made by General Turchin at the head of his brigade. His impetu-
osity carried him far into the rebel lines, and he was almost instantly
surrounded by the rebel hordes, but the stout old Russian had no
thought of surrendering. He turned and cut his way through and
reached our lines, actually bringing with him three hundred prisoners.
Major Wall, of the 25th Illinois, who was dangerously wounded,
displayed the most signal bravery, and was subsequently promoted
to a Lieutenant-Colonelcy, for meritorious services in this battle.
Thirty-three graves of rebels were found near a stone fence, from
behind which, the 19th and 24th Illinois poured upon the advancing
rebels such terrible volleys.
The 51st Illinois captured the battle flag of the 24th Alabama, and
the major of the regiment who was trying to rally it.
The following Illinois regiments were in the battle of Chicka-
mauga: 10th, Colonel Chilson ; 16th, Colonel R. F. Smith; 19th,
Lieutenant- Colonel Raffin; 21st, Colonel Alexander; 22d, Lieuten-
ant-Colonel Swanwick; 24th, Colonel Mihalotzy; 25th, Colonel
Nodine; 27th, Colonel Miles; 34th, Lieutenant-Colonel VanTassel;
35th, Lieutenant-Colonel Chandler; 36th, Colonel Miller ; 38th,
Colonel Gilmer; 42d, Colonel Walworth; 44th, Colonel Barrett;
73d, Colonel Jacques; 74th, Colonel Marsh; 75th, Colonel Bennett;
78th, Lieutenant- Colonel VanBleek ; 79th, Colonel Buckner; 80th,
Lieutenant-Colonel Rogers ; 84th, Colonel Waters ; 85th, Colonel
Dilwortk ; 86th Lieutenant-Colonel Magee ; 88th, Colonel Sherman ;
89tb, Colonel Hotchkiss; 98th, Colonel Funkhauser ; 100th, Colonel
Bartleson ; 104th, Lieutenant-Colonel Hopeman ; 110th, Lieutenant-
Colonel Topping; 123d, Colonel Monroe; 125th, Colonel Harmon ;
129th, Colonel Case ; 1st Artillery, Company C, Captain Prescott.
It is an illustrious group, some of which we have met under fire
on other fields, and who were destined to other deeds of daring at
Lookout, Mission Ridge, Franklin and Nashville, and march writh
Sherman from the rocky face of the Ridge to Atlanta and on to
the sea.
And in this list of commanders are names of men whom Illinois
can never forget. Soon were Chandler and Mihalotzy, and others,
to strike their last blow and fie down in the soldiers grave.
52 PATEI0TI8M OF ILLINOIS.
The state mourned her gallant dead. Her Sanitary and Christian
Commissions poshed forward supplies, nurses and spiritual laborers,
and fr< m the north line to the south, fr<>m the Indiana line to the
Mississippi, came the cryj " No concessions to rebellion, but new
and vigorous measures for the maintenance of the Union, the Laws,
and the Constitution."
General Rosecrans pronounced the battle a necessity, and so the
people of Illinois accepted it. They had put their hand to the plow
and would not look back until the furrow was cut (Iran through.
They saw that new trials were before them, new burdens were to be
borne, and were equal to the occasion. Their faith and courage rose
to the morally sublime. They had their bereavements — Cbicka-
mauga was to many of them indeed the river of death — but with
unfaltering purpose to save the country, they demanded that room
be made for new levies and then turned their eye toward the hero of
Vicksburg, as the leader for the crisis.
The government was dejected, and heavily pressed on the heart
of our President the fearful loss of the brave men who fell, and the
necessary prolongation of the contest, but the people, incorruptible
and unconquerable, from their homes, their family altars, their tem-
ples, spoke to the government and steadied its half desponding faith
with the word, Onward !
ALL?i\ LHG3
CHAPTER III.
REGIMENTAL SKETCHES.
Tire Twenty-seventh — General N. B. Buford — The Thirty-eighth — The Forty-
second — Heavy Loss at Chickamauga — The Sixty-sixth — Birge's Sharpshooters
— The Seventy-eighth — At Chickamauga — The Eighty-eighth — Colonel Francis
T. Sherman — The Ninety-sixth — Brevet Brigadier-General Thomas E. Champion
— Lieutenant-Colonel Isaac L. Clark — Major JohnC. Smith — The One Hundred
and Fourth — The One Hundred and Twenty-fifth — Death of Chaplaln Sanders
— Colonel 0. F. Habmon
TWENTY-SEVENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
THE 27th regiment was raised in the counties of Adams, Scott,
Pike, Madison, Jersey, Mason, Macoupin, Mercer, Jackson,
Henry and Morgan. It was organized at Camp Butler, where it was
mustered into the service on the 10th of August, 1861. The follow-
ing is the original roster :
Colonel, Napoleon B. Buford; Lieutenant-Colonel, Fazillo A. Harrington; Major,
Hall Wilson ; Adjutant, Henry A. Rust; Quartermaster, David B. Sears; Surgeon,
Edward H. Bowman; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Henry C. Barrell ; Chaplain, S. Young
McMasters.
Co. A — Captain, William A. Schmitt ; 1st Lieutenant, William Shipley; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Joseph Voellinger.
Co. B — Captain, Henry W. Hitt; 1st Lieutenant, George A. Dunlap; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James M. Buchanan.
Co. C — Captain, Lemuel Parke ; 1st Lieutenant, Lyman G. Allen ; 2d Lieutenant,
Laommi F. Williams.
Co. D — Captain, William M. Hart; 1st Lieutenant, Robert R. Murphy; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John W. Brock.
Co. E — Captain, Robert S. Moore; 1st Lieutenant, William W. Stout; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Royal W. Porter.
Co. F — Captain, Jonathan R. Miles; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas C. Meatyard ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Orson Hewitt.
Co. G — Captain, Henry B. Southward; 1st Lieutenant, Simeon Sheldon; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Robert P. Lytle.
54: PATRIOTISM OT ILLINOIS.
Co. II — Captain, licHenrj Brooks; ls1 Lieutenant, Frederick C. Biercr; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Daniel Worthen.
Co. I — Captain, Joseph W. Morrill ; 1-st Lieutenant, Thomas Sumner; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John A. Russell,
Co. K — Captain, Abraham T. Bozarth; 1st Lieutenant, Horace Chapin ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Eraatus S. Jones.
The 27tli left for the field on the 20th of August, and arrived at
Cairo on the 30th. On the 7th of November if was engaged in the
battle of Belmont, [vide Vol. I., p. 182,] where it was assigned the
post of honor, and opened the engagement. After two hours' skir-
mishing, it was ordered hack for rest, and the balance of the
column passed through its lines. After waiting half an hour, and
receiving no orders, Colonel Buford led the regiment by a circuitous
route to the rear of the enemy's camp, upon which it made three
distinct charges over fallen timber, routing the enemy and burning
their camp. On the retreat from Belmont, the 27th was the last to
leave, whereby it was cut off from the main body of the Union forces.
It then marched through a railroad cutting from the river, which it.
again reached seven miles above Belmont, and after a five miles'
march up the bank hailed the gunboat Tyler, and was taken on
board. On the 4th of March, 1862, it took possession of Colum-
bus, Ky., and on the 14th proceeded to and occupied Hickman. On
the 31st it took part in the splendid dash made upon Union City,
which resulted in an important, though bloodless victory. [Vol. I.,
p. 200.] It took part in the siege and capture of Island No. 10,
and was the first regiment of Union troops on the Island. On
the 13th of April it arrived off Fort Pillow, which place it left
four days later for Hamburg, Tenn. In May it took part in the
battle of Farmington and the siege of Corinth, and after the evacuation
of the latter town by the rebels, joined in the pursuit of them,
having a skirmish with the enemy at Booneville. During the sum-
mer of 18G2 it was encamped at Camp Big Springs and at Iuka.
When Bragg began his march for Kentucky and the Ohio river, the
27th was one of the regiments which ran the race with him. On the
12th of September it arrived at Nashville, Tenn., where for two
months it subsisted on half rations. On the 3d of October it marched
with a detachment to Lavergne, where a rebel camp was completely
destroyed, many prisoners captured and the enemy routed. Late in
THE TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 55
November, Kosecrans1 army arrived at Nashville, releasing the troops
from their confinement there and re-opening communication with the
North. The battle of Stone River was one of the best illustrations
of the tenacity, zeal and courage with which our boys fought, and
here the 27th bore a conspicuous part, losing, among others, its Col-
onel, Fa/illo A. Harrington. It next participated in the Tullahoma
campaign, and in September, 1863, distinguished itself at the battle
of Chickaniauga, where it suffered severely. In this battle, Colonel
Miles, commanding the regiment, had the entire hilt of his sword and
the glasses of his field glass shot away by musket balls. The 27th
was next engaged in the storming of Mission Ridge, after which it
marched to the relief of Burnside at Knoxville, and was in the
East Tennessee campaign which followed. It returned to Loudon,
Tenn., January 25, 1SG4, where it remained till April 18th, when
it was ordered to Cleveland, Tenn., to join in the Atlanta cam-
paign. It was engaged at Rocky Faced Ridge, May 9th ; Resaca,
May 14th; near Calhoun, May 16th; Adairsville, May 17th; near
Dallas, from May 26th to June 4th ; near Pine Top Mountain,
June 10th to June 14th; Mud Creek, June 18th,- Kenesaw Mountain,
June 27th ; Peach Tree Creek, July 20th, and in the skirmishes
around Atlanta. On the 25th of August, 1865, it was relieve 1
from duty at the front by order of General Thomas, and ordered
to Springfield, 111., for muster-out. On its arrival at Springfield, it
showed the following i-ecord of casualties : Killed or died of wounds,
102; died of disease, 80; number of wounded, 328; discharged
and resigned, 209.
Among the many incidents related of the 27th, is the following:
Soon after Colonel Buford's promotion to Brigadier-General, he
presented the regiment a magnificent stand of colors, which the men
said should never fall into the hands of the enemy. At the battle of
Chickaniauga, the regiment made a charge upon a body of rebels
protected by a stone wall. Two color bearers were shot down, when
a third sprang on the wall, grasping the colors, when he, too, was
killed, falling on the rebel side of the wall, where his body was
seized by the enemy, and borne off with the colors, which the rebels
retained as a trophy.
General Napoleon B. Buford was born in Woodford county, Ky.,
•V> l'A'l ■|:mi [8W OF ILLINOIS.
January 13, 1807. In 1823 he was appointed a oadel at West Point,
through the influence of Richard M. rohnson, In 1827 he graduated
with honor, and was commissioned Lieutenant of artillery. Re was
for a time stationed at the School of Practice at Fortress .Monroe,
where he employed his Leisure time in the study of the law. lie
was next detailed to make a survey <>(' the Kentucky river, and after-
ward of the Rock Island and Des Moines rapids, <>n the Mississippi
river, botli of which commissions he executed with credit t'> himself
and the service. In 1830 he joined his regiment at Eastport, M<'.,
and there resumed his legal studies, and in the following year was
granted a leave of absence, by General Scott, that be might enter
the Law School of Harvard University, which was then under the
direction of Chief Justice Story. In 1833 he was appointed an
Assistant Professor at West Point, where he remained until 1835,
when he resigned his commission and engaged in the service of his
native State, Kentucky, as a civil engineer. In 1843 he removed to
Rock Island, 111., where he was successively a merchant, iron
founder and banker. He took an active part in the building of the
Chicago and Rock Island Railroad, of which company he was long
one of the Directors, and was subsequently President of the Rock
Island and Peoria Railroad. The breaking out of the rebellion
ruined his banking business, as he had a large amount of money
invested in Southern State bonds. He gave up all his property to
satisfy his obligations, and then offered his services to his country.
On the 10th of August, 18G1, he was commissioned by Governor
Yates Colonel of the 27th Illinois Volunteers, which he thoroughly
disciplined and prepared for service. At Belmont and Island No.
10 he gave ample evidence of his good qualities as a soldier, and for
his gallant conduct at Union City he was commissioned Brigadier
General by the President. After the surrender of Island No. 10 he
was attached to the Army of the Mississippi, and moved upon Fort
Pillow; but the overflow rendered operations impracticable, and he
was ordered to join General Ilalleck at Corinth, where he com-
manded a brigade during the entire siege, taking a gallant and con-
spicuous part. During the pursuit of the enemy, after the second bat-
tle of Corinth, he was disabled by a sun-stroke, and borne back to
Corinth, nearly insensible. To recover his health, so greatly impaired
GEN. N. B. BUFORD. 57
by the summer campaign, he was granted a ieave of absence, and
detailed upon court martial duty at Washington, for a period of two
months. At the termination of his duties there he was commissioned
Major- General, and the commission was handed to him by the Seci-e-
tary of War, in person, accompanied by words of high praise and
commendation. The Secretary also repeated the words of President
Lincoln, that he desired to express his appreciation of his distin-
guished and faithful services, and sent him the commission in token
thereof, which commission he still holds and values, although allowed
to empire by constitutional limitation. Reporting to General Grant
then before Vicksburg, he was by him ordered to the command of
Cairo, where he remained during the siege of Vicksburg. From
this command he was ordered to the district of East Arkansas, head-
quarters at Helena, where he commanded for eighteen months, reduc-
ing the great expenses of that command, and bringing order out of
confusion. He also held with a strong hand the horde of speculators
and smugglers who infested that region, and who tried in vain to
escape his strict and impartial investigation. During his long com-
mand in this district he devoted himself with great zeal to the best
welfare of the freedmen and refugees ; established the only self-sup-
porting colony of freedmen, at that time, on the river ; protected
and encouraged the schools, and founded the first orphan asylum and
industrial school for freed people in that Department. The result
of his labors is still apparent in the prosperity of the asylum now
established on a permanent foundation, and in the increasing use-
fulness of the industrial school. Both of these institutions were
placed by him under the care of the Quakers of Indiana, who have
most faithfully carried out his benevolent intentions. He was
relieved by General Alex. McD. McCook, in March, 1865, and
honorably mustered out of the service in September. He is now
employed as General Superintendent of the Federal Union Mining
Company, in Colorado.
THIRTY-EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 38th regiment was organized at Camp Butler, and mustered
into the service August 15, 1861. Its original roster was as follows :
Colonel, William P. Carlin ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Mortimer O'Kean ; Major, Daniel
58 PATRIOTISM OF n.u\0I8.
EL Gilmer; Adjutant, Arthur Lee Bailhache ; John L. Teed; l- \
Surgeon, Dudley W. Stewart; 2d a.ssi9tani Surge in, Edward J. Tichener; Chaplain,
Jacob E. Reed.
Co. A.— Captain, EenryN. A.lden; 1st Lieutenant, George H. Alcoke; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Walter E. Carlin.
Co. B — Captain, David Young; 1st Lieutenant, Robert M. Rankin ; 2d Lieutenant,
Harrison Tj oer,
Co. C — Captain, Theodore C. Roding; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas Cole; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James Mullen.
Co. D — Captain, Alexander G. Sutherland; 1st Lieutenant, James A Moore; 2d
Lieutenant, Robert Plunkett
Co. E — Captain, James M. True ; 1st Lieutenant, John McKinstry ; 2d Lieutenant,
John L. Dillon.
Co. F — Captain, James P. Head; 1st Lieutenant, William P.Hunt; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Willis G. Whitehurst.
Co. G — Captain, Andrew M. Pollard; 1st Lieutenant, William F. Chapman; 2d
Lieutenant, Andrew J. Rankin.
Co. H — Captain, Charles Yelton; 1st Lieutenant, Abraham E. Goble ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Charles H. Miller.
Co. I — Captain, Charles Churchill ; 1st Lieutenant, William Ferriman ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Edward Colver.
Co. K — Captain, William C. Harris; 1st Lieutenant, Bushwood W. Harris; 2d
Lieutenant, Isaiah Foote.
On the 20th of September, the regiment left for Pilot Knob, Mo.
On the 20th of October it marched for Fredericktown, and on the
21st engaged in battle at that place with the rebels under Jeff.
Thompson. It then returned to Pilot Knob, and remained there
during the winter. From March 3d to May 10, 1862, it was cam-
paigning in Missouri and Arkansas, and was then transferred to the
Department of the Mississippi, and went to Hamburg Landing,
Tenn., moving to the front at Corinth, and participating in the last
days of tin' siege. It then engaged in the various marches of the
brigade in that section, till August 14th, when it set out to join the
Army of the Ohio, under Buell, reaching Louisville September
20th, "ragged and exhausted." It left Louisville October 1st, and
was engaged at the battle of Perryville [Vol. I., p. 341], and
behaved with such gallantry as to receive honorable mention from
General Mitchell in his report. It then joined in the pursuit of
Bragg as far as Crab Orchard, from whence it marched to Edgefield
Junction, near Nashville, arriving November 0th. It was soon, sent
out on a scout to Harpeth Shoals, and destroyed a large amount of
THE THIRTY-EIGHTH INFA.NTRY. 59
rebel property, and capturing supplies of various kinds. It left
Nashville December 26th, and with the brigade charged a rebel
battery at Knob Gap, near Nolensville, capturing two guns. It was
engaged in the battle of Stone River, December 30th to January
4th [Vol. I., p. 350], and lost heavily. It encamped at Murfrees-
boro till the following June, making, in the meantime, several scouts
into the adjoining country. It was in the fights at Liberty Gap,
June 24th, 25th and 26th, 1863, on the second day making a charge
upon a hill occupied by the rebels, driving them from it, and cap-
turing the flag of the 2d Arkansas. At the battle of Chickamauga,
it fought with great gallantry, losing more than half the number of
men it took upon the field. September 22d, it moved into Chatta-
nooga, and remained there till the last of October, throwing up for-
tifications and doing guard duty. On the 25th it left Chattanooga
for Bridgeport, Ala., and went into winter quarters. January 26,
1864, it broke camp and went to Ooltawah, Tenu. On the night of
February 17th, it marched out with a detachment of the 4th Michigan
Cavalry, and at daylight surprised and captured a rebel outpost at
Burke's Mill, near Dalton. February 29th, it re-enlisted in the
veteran service, was remustered March 16th, and started for home on
the 28th, arriving at Springfield April 8th, when the men received
veteran furloughs. On the 11th of May, the regiment rendezvoused
at Mattoon, Illinois, and on the 14th left for Louisville and Chatta-
nooga. On the 22d, a train containing a part of the regiment was
thrown from the track, near Tullahoma, and several of the men
slightly injured. On the 8th of June it joined General Sherman's
army at Acworth, Georgia, and participated in the movement upon
Atlanta. It was also engaged at Jonesboro and Lovejoy's Station,
and on the 8th of September camped at Atlanta. On the 3d of
October it broke camp and marched through Marietta, Acworth,
Rome, &c, arriving at Chattanooga on the 30th. The next day it
started on escort duty for Huntsville, and rejoined the corps at
Pulaski, Tenn., on the 12th of Novernbei'. On the 23d of Novem-
ber, Lieutenant- Colonel Chapman died, and Captain A. M. Pollard
assumed command of the regiment. On the same day it left Pulaski,
reaching Columbia on the 24th. For two days it was engaged in
throwing up fortifications, the rebels skirmishing with the pickets.
60 P ITRIOTISM OF il. I [NOI8.
At the battle of Franklin ii bore a creditable part, and in the battle
of \:ish\ illc took part in a charge upon the enemy, who were driven
back. I' nexl joined in the pursuit of Bood across the Tennessee
river, and then inarched to Huntsville, Alabama, reaching there
January 5, 18G5, and remaining till March 13th. Till April 22d, it
was i ngaged in campaigning through Tennessee, when it camped at
Nashville. On the 7th of June, the non-veterans of the regiment
were mustered out It broke camp on the 1 7th, and on the 25th
arrived at New Orleans. It reached Indianola, Texas, July 15th,
and was stationed in that state until its muster out at Victoria,
March 20, 1866. It then proceeded to Springfield, where it, was
paid off and discharged.
Colonel Carlin, by bravery and ability, won the successive stages
of promotion until he wore the stars of a Major-General. He was
born in Greene county, Illinois, November 24, 1829, entered the
Military Academy at West Point in 1846 and graduated in 1850.
He served at various posts in the regular service, and participated
in Harney's Indian campaigns. In 1855 he was promoted to 1st
Lieutenant. In 1857 he was attached to General Sumner's expe-
dition against the Cheyennes, and participated in the engagement at
Solomon's Peak on the Kansas river. He shared in the hardships of
General A. S. Johnston's celebrated Utah expedition. After
various severe marches he was assigned to the command of Fort
Bragg, in Mendocino county on the Pacific coast. In May, 1860,
he was detailed for general recruiting service, and arriving at New
York in June, was assigned duty at Buffalo. He was unanimously
requested by the officers to accept the position of Lieutenant-Colo-
nel of the 74th New York. He subsequently was authorized to
raise a regiment of cavalry in Western New York. These positions
he declined, determined, if he entered the volunteer service, to be
associated with the men and the history of his native state. Gov-
ernor Kirkwood, of Iowa, tendered him a Lieutenant- Colonelcy,
which was declined. Governor Yates commissioned him Colonel
of the 38th, and he soon distinguished himself. He commanded in
several important expeditions ; was commander for some time of the
District of Southeast Missouri, and participated in Steele's march
on Arkansas. Subsequently he served with distinction in various
LIEUT. ARTHUR LEE BAILHACHE. 61
departments, in victory and defeat. Brave, full of energy and dash,
yet duly attempered by discipline and military knowledge, General
Carlin has won his distinction. He has been a soldier, an earnest,
capable soldier. From choice he has been identified with the for-
tunes of Illinois troops, and richly merits a portion of the glory they
have Avon.
Of far lower rank, a few paragraphs may fitly be claimed for the
Adjutant of the 38th, Arthur L. Bailhache, son of Hon. John
Bailhache, and a type of thousands of the young men who rushed to
arms at a personal sacrifice, yet who were branded as " mercenary
recruits !"
He shared in the campaign of East Missouri, and in the battle of
Fredericktown, October, 1861, though suffering from sickness. An
experienced officer writes, " Lieutenant B. displayed those fine
soldierly qualities, courage, quickness of perception and judgment
in execution which gave pledge of future distinction."
The same friend says : " Among the many noble young men who
gave their lives to their country, Lieutenant Arthur Lee Bailhache
is worthy to be remembered. His father, Hon. John Bailhache, a
native of the Island of Jersey, subsequently prominent as an Editor
and leading politician in Ohio, and for nearly a quarter of a century
a resident of Alton, 111., a portion of the time Editor of the Tele-
graph, was one of the noblest and purest of men.
"Lieutenant Bailhache was born at Alton, April 12, 1839, was
educated principally at Jubilee College. Anxious to enter upon the
business of life, he withdrew from college in 1857, became an attache
of the Journal newspaper, Springfield, where he remained until
the breaking out of the war, performing valuable service during the
memorable campaign of 1860.
" He entered the public service in connection with the Commis-
sary department at Camp Yates, was transferred to Big Muddy as
State Commissary Agent, thence to Cairo, aiding, with much energy
and ability, in supplying our volunteers, and pushing them to the
field.
" On the organization of the 38th Regiment Illinois Volunteer
Infantry, under the gallant and distinguished Colonel (now Brig-
adier-General) W. P. Carlin, he was appointed by that officer, his
62 PATRIOTISM OF IU.I.v »is.
Adjutant, and commissioned by Governor Yates, with the rank of
Lieutenant. The regiment went into active service in Southeasl
TNI i^-. >ui i. Colonel Carlin being placed in the command of the Dis-
trict, the complicated and weighty duties of Acting A. A. General
fell upon Lieutenant Bailhache, who, though pursued by disease,
continued with faithfulness at his post. Bui his health gave way,
and "ii tit. 9tb of January, 1862, he died .-it Pilot Knob, Missouri.
Bis remains were broughl to Springfield, the residence of his two
remaining brothers and there buried with the sad honors and loving
remembrances which attend the last resting place of, alas! how
many of the noblest and best of our young men who have died that
their country might live. A fitting tribute to the memory of this
patriotic and estimable young man, whom the erics of a bleeding
country drew fnnu the walks of peaceful life, to be refined and
ennobled by duty and sacrifice, may be found in the following order,
issued by his commanding officer:
" ' Head-Qlartkrs 38th Fo
" 'Pilot
Regiment Illinois Volunteers.)
Knob, Mo., January 9, 1862. )
'" [Orders, Xo. 24.]
" 'It has become the painful duty of the undersigned to announce to the regiment
the death of Lieutenant and Adjutant Arthur L. Bailhache. To the officers and
men of this regiment, any eulogium on the character of the deceased would be
superfluous. As a man, he was noble, generous and true ; as an officer, he was faith-
ful and energetic in the performance of his duties ; as a soldier he was " without fear
and without reproach." If he had a fault, none could see it. His virtues were
visible in every personal and official relation. Long will we mourn the loss of
this young officer. Ilis example may be followed with advantage by all young
men. To the relatives and friends of the deceased, let us extend our heartfelt
sympathies.
'"(Signed) W. T. Carlin, Colonel Commanding.'"
FORTY-SECOND ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 42d regiment was organized at Chicago, and mustered into
the service on the 17th of September, 1861, 1,051 strong. The Al-
lowing is the original roster:
Colonel, William A. Webb; Lieutenant-Colonel, David Stuart; Major, George
W. Roberts; Adjutant, Edward H. Brown; Quartermaster, Edward D. Swartout;
FORTY-SECOND INFANTRY. 63
Surgeon, Edwin Powell; 1st Assistant Surgeon, E. 0. F. Roler ; 2d Assistant Sur-
geon, Octave P. F. Ravenot; Chaplain, G. L. S. Stuff.
Co. A — Captain, Charles Northrop; 1st Lieutenant, Hamilton M. Way; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Elijah S. Church.
Co. B — Captain, George Vardan ; 1st Lieutenant, Alexander F. Stevenson ; 2d
Lieutenant, Julius Lettman.
Co. C — Captain, Nathan H. Walworth; 1st Lieutenant, James Leighton ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Nicholas P. Ferguson.
Co. D — Captain, Bela P. Clark; 1st Lieutenant, Robert Ranny ; 2d Lieutenant,
Jared W. Richards.
Co. E — Captain, David W. Norton; 1st Lieutenant, William R. Townsend ; 2d
Lieutenant, Nathaniel IT. DuFoe.
Co. F — Captain, Charles C. Phillips; 1st Lieutenant, William D. Williams; 2d
Lieutenant, Andrew H. Granger.
Co. G — Captain, William H. Boomer; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph N. Gettman; 2d
Lieutenant, John W. Scott.
Co. H — Captain, John H. Henstein ; 1st Lieutenant, George D. Curtis; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Alexander J. H. Brewer.
Co. I — Captain, Edgar D. Swain; 1st Lieutenant, Wesley P. Andrews: 2d Lieu-
tenant, Ogden Lovell.
Co. K — Captain, Jesse D. Butts ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph W. Foster ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Gilbert L. Barnes.
The 42d left Chicago for St. Louis, where it arrived on the 21st of
September. By order of General Fremont, it joined General Hunter
at Tipton, Mo., October 18th. On the 13th of December it went
into winter quarters at Smithton, Mo., and left that place February
3d, 1862, arriving at Fort Holt, Ky., February 20th. On the 4th
of March it occupied Fort Holt, and on the 15th proceeded to
Island No. 10, where it remained till the capture of that point.
[ Vide Vol. I., p. 219 et seq.] On the 17th of April it left Fort Pil-
low and proceeded to Hamburg, Tenn. It was enga-ed in the
battle of Farmington on the 9th of May, and entered upon the siege
of Corinth. On the 30th it led the advance in pursuit of the enemy
as far as Booneville, Miss., and returned to Corinth, going into camp
at Bi» Springs, Miss., June 14th. July 21st it broke camp and went
to Courtland, Ala., where it remained till September 3d, when it
left for Nashville. On the 9th, at Columbia, it met the enemy in a
brisk engagement, and on the 11th arriving at Nashville. It
remained at Nashville during the siege, engaging the enemy, Novem-
ber 5th, without loss. On the 26th of December it set out on the
Murfreesboro campaign, and on the 30th skirmished with the enemy.
64 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
On tin' following day it engaged in the battle of Stone River, where
it lost 188 in killed and wounded and 86 taken prisoners. On the
5th of March, L863, !l started in pursuit of Van Dorn, and went as
far as Columbia, returning to Murfreesboro on the 14th. June •_• nh
it entered upon the Tullahoma campaign, camping a! Bridgeport
Ala., July 31st. September 2d it entered upon the Chattanooga
campaign, and on the 19th and 20th foughl bravely at the battle <>f
Chickamauga, losing loO in killed and wounded and 28 prisoners.
On the 25th of November it was at the battle of Mission Ridge,
being on the skirmish line during the whole engagement. It then
pursued the retreating enemy as far as Chickamauga Creek, and
returned to Chattanooga on the 26th. On the 28th it set out on the
East Tennessee campaign, and established camp at Stone's Mills,
Tenn., December 27th. On the 1st of January, 1804, the regiment
* re-enlisted as veterans. January 15th it entered on the Dandridge
campaign, and on the 10th, at Dandridge, had a skirmish with the
enemy, without loss. February 2d it arrived at Chattanooga, and
on the 21st started for Chicago, arriving on the 27th and receiving
veteran furloughs. On the 2d of April the regiment re-organized
and returned to Nashville, arriving on the 11th. Tt arrived at Chat-
tanooga on the 27th, and entei'ed on the Atlanta campaign, engag-
ing the enemy at Rocky Faced Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, New
Hope Church, Pine Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree
Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro and Lovejoy Station, encamping at Atlanta
September 8th. On the 25th it left Atlanta for Bridgeport, Ala.,
and thence, October 19th, to Chattanooga, thence to Alpine, Ga.,
back again to Chattanooga, and thence to Pulaski, Tenn. Novem-
ber 22d it began the retreat to Nashville, engaging heavily with the
enemy at Spring Hill and Franklin, and on the 1st of December
arrived at Nashville. On the loth and 16th it was in the battles at
Nashville, and joined in the pursuit of Hood's retreating army.
January 1, 1805, it marched to Iluntsville, Ala., and thence to Deca-
tur, where it remained till April 1st, when it marched through sev-
eral points, arriving at Nashville on the 25th. June 15th it left for
New Orleans, arriving on the 23d. On the 18th of July it embarked
for Lavaca, Texas. It was on post duty at Lavaca and at Camp
Irwin until December 16th, when it was mustered out and ordered
SIXTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 65
home. On the 5th of January, 1866, it arrived at Springfield, and
on the 10th was paid off and discharged.
sixrvsixrn Illinois infantry.
The 66th regiment was organized at Benton Barracks, St. Louis,
in the fall of 1861, under the special patronage of Gen. Fremont,
and was originally known as "Birge's Sharpshooters," and was com-
posed of three companies from Illinois, two from Ohio, one from
Michigan, and three from squads of recruits sent to Benton Barracks
from the various Western states. When Gen. Fremont was super-
seded, his pet scheme of a complete sharpshooting regiment was
partly suppressed by General Halleck, who stopped all recruiting for
it and hurried it into the field, before it was thoroughly equipped
and organized, leaving it with but nine companies, and in numbers
below the minimum required for a regimental organization. Its arm
was the American deer and target rifle. The accoutrements were
not of the kind prescribed by army regulations, but consisted of a
bullet-pouch of bear skin covering, and a powder horn, or in some
cases a flask. In the bullet-pouch was a compartment where the
soldier, or rebel hunter, carried his little et coeteras, such as screw-
drivers, bullet-molds and patch-cutter — singular implements for a
soldier, but Birge's boys molded their own bullets, greased them
and patched them with as much care as an old hunter would, and
used them as effectively. It was the design to give them a complete
hunter's dress, but this too was vetoed by Halleck ; and the only
thing peculiar about the dress was the hat, which was a gray sugar-
loaf shaped affair, with three squirrel tails running from both back
and front and meeting at the apex of the crown in an indescribable
knot.
Lieutenant-Colonel John M. Birge, of St. Louis, commanded the
regiment, and on the 12th of December, 1861, marched it from Ben-
ton Barracks to take the field in North Missouri. Arriving at Cen-
tralia, on the North Missouri Railroad, the Colonel found plenty of
work for his little command, which he scattered in detachments over
the country in search of rebels, several small bodies of whom were
met and defeated, besides being badly frightened at the squirrel tail
hats and lon^ ran^e rifles.
5
00 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
On the 28th of December, General Prentiss, commanding the Dis-
tricl of North Missouri, led four companies of Sharpshooters and
four oompanies of Curtis' Horse against the command of the rebel
Colonel Dorsey, consisting of nearly a thousand mounted and dis-
mounted infantry. General Prentiss' command numbered about
four hundred men, but so impetuously did they attack and so stub-
bornly did they fight that in less than two hours the rebels were routed,
" foot, horse and dragoons." This battle was at Mount Zion Church,
twenty miles from Sturgeon, and has been known as the battle of
Mount Zion. Our loss was about forty killed and wounded, but that
of the rebels much larger. After this battle no fighting of any
moment occurred during their stay in North Missouri, which termi-
nated on the 4th of February, 1862, on which day the command was
shipped by railroad to St. Louis, where it embarked on a steamer to
Fort Henry, arriving on the 9th, just too late to take a part in the
capture of the Fort. Here the regiment was attached to Colonel
Lauman's brigade of General Charles F. Smith's division, and
marched with it on the 12th to our position in front of Donelson.
Here the General was a little perplexed to know what to do with
soldiers with deer rifles and no bayonets, but finally concluded to
let them fight in their own way. And thus it was that during that
memorable siege the Squirrel Tails scattered themselves out along
the entire front of Smith's division, and crawling stealthily up, would
sometimes get position behind a log within fifty yards of the rebel
works. Every man had his hiding place, and keeping a sharp look-
out and aiming witli a steady hand, they kept the guns in front of
the division silent the entire three days of the siege. Although the
regiment performed good service here, the los3 was very light.
Remaining at Fort Donelson after its capture till March 5th, the
command marched back again to the Tennessee river and embarked
for Pittsburg Landing, where it landed on the 18th of the same
month. On the Gth and 7th of April, it participated in the battles
of Shiloh, but being used only as a skirmishing regiment its loss was
small compared with that of some other regiments. From the 10th
of May to the 30th, in the siege of Corinth, it was used for skirmish-
ing almost constantly, and during that time lost a large number of
men. Upon returning to Corinth from the pursuit of the rebels,
THE SIXTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 67
Colonel E. P. Burke took command, having been commissioned for
it, Colonel Birge having been mustered out, and it was assigned to
the city command as provost guard, where it remained till the
battle of Corinth on the 3d and 4th of October, participating in
the battle on the second day, and losing heavily in men and officers.
From Corinth, in pursuit of the fleeing rebels, and back to Rienzi,
Mississippi, consumed some weeks, and the 26th of November found
it again encamped six miles from Corinth, where it established a
fine stockaded camp, called after an old commander, General Da-
vies. While here, the regiment, which had heretofore belonged to
Missouri, was transferred, by order of the Secretary of War, to
Illinois.
The name, Birge's Sharpshooters, was discarded, and hence-
forth the regiment was the 66th Illinois Volunteers, or West-
ern Sharpshooters, with the following roster :
Colonel, Patrick E. Burke ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Charles W. Smith ; Major, George
Pipe ; Adjutant, William Wilson ; Quartermaster, Nicholas Brown ; Surgeon,
Joseph Pogue ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Edward Vogel; 2d Assistant Surgeon, David
0. McCord ; Chaplain, James M. Alexander.
Co. A — Captain, William S. Boyd ; 1st Lieutenant, Frederick Ullrich ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Austin S. Davidson.
Co. B — Captain, Henry Eads; 1st Lieutenant, Frank M. Bingham ; 2d Lieutenant,
Samuel B. Brightman.
Co. C — Captain, Ensign Conklin ; 1st Lieutenant, Robert J. Adams; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Francis A. Hartzell.
Co. D — Captain, John Piper; 1st Lieutenant, ; 2d Lieutenant, George
W. Lusk.
Co. E — Captain, Andrew K. Campbell ; 1st Lieutenant, William H. H. Simpkins ;
2d Lieutenant, John V. Bovell.
Co. F — Captain, Michael Piggott; 1st Lieutenant, Cyrus A. Lemon ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, .
Co. G — Captain, Benjamin D. Longstreth ; 1st Lieutenant, Perry P. Ellis ; 2d
Lieutenant, Philip C. Diedrich.
Co. H — Captain, Thomas B. Mitchell ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph Lidack ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Nicholas R. Park.
Co. I — Captain, Jerry N. Hill ; 1st Lieutenant, John L. Hays ; 2d Lieutenant,
Samuel J. Smith.
Co. K — Captain, George A. Taylor ; 1st Lieutenant, Alvin H. Davis ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William C. Jones.
Here, too, about two hundred men of the regiment pur-
chased with their own funds, at a cost of $43.00 each, the
68 PATEIOTISM OF tLLINOIS.
Henry li peating Rifle, which repeats sixteen times at a loading.
This arm has done much to make the regiment effective, and the
men who purchased them with their own means deserve greal credit
The regiment remained at tliis camp till the L 2th of November,
when the division — then (lie 2d Division, 16th Army Corps — moved
to Pulaski, Tennessee. Here, in December, 470 men re-enlisted,
and in January, 1864, were sent North to be furloughed. After
being re-organized as a veteran regiment, it returned to Pulaski, and
on the 29th of April started for Chattanooga, GOO strong, to enter
with the grand army upon the Atlanta campaign. Leaving Chatta-
nooga on the 6th of May, the 66th had the honor, on the 9th oi
the same month, to open the fighting of the Army of the Tennessee
in this campaign, at Snake Creek Gap and Resaca, and unaided and
almost unsupported captured and held till night the heights in front
of that stronghold. From here through the whole of that memor-
able campaign the regiment was always in front, and participated in
not less than ten pitched battles, and skirmishes innumerable, losing
224 officers and men killed and wounded, among the former its com-
mander Colonel Burke, and of the severely wounded its Major A.
K. Campbell. Never did a regiment perform harder and better ser-
vice than did this hardy little band of veterans.
During this campaign the rifles of the original "Birge's Sharp-
shooters" became unserviceable by constant use and exposure, and
were discarded, the command being at the close of the campaign
armed with the Springfield musket and Henry repeating rifle. The
division to which the regiment belonged being now attached to the
15th Corps, it marched with it on the ever-to-be-remembercd cam-
paigns of Georgia and South Carolina. On the Ogeechee river,
near Savannah, the regiment, being thrown in front on the 9th of
December, captured the enemy's works protecting the Gulf railroad,
with a fine Blakely gun. At Savannah it was awarded the post of
honor, being quartered in the old United States Barracks, and used
for special guard duty. At Bentonville, North Carolina, in the
engagement of the 21st of March, it lost eight men, after which it
met no rebels to fight, and marched to Washington and there par-
ticipated in the grand review before the President. It was then sent
to Louisville, Ky., where it was mustered out in June, 1865.
SEYENTY-EIGIITH INFANTRY. 69
During its three years and ten months service the 66th regiment
marched about 3,000 miles, fought in sixteen pitched battles, and has
lost as many men in killed and wounded as it contained at the time
of its muster out. The following is a list of the battles in which it
waa engaged: Mount Zion; Fort Donelson ; Shiloh; Iuka; Siege
and Battle of Corinth ; Snake Gap ; Resaca ; Tanner's Ferry,
Ostenala River; Rome; Cross Roads; Dallas; Kenesaw; 22d of
July, 1864, before Atlanta; RufFs Mills; Atlanta, and Jonesboro ;
Nickojack Creek; Savannah, Georgia; Columbia, South Carolina,
and Bentonville, North Carolina.
SEVENTY-EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 78th infantry was organized at Quincy, in August, 1862.
The following is the original roster :
Colonel, William H. Eennison ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Carter Van Vleck ; Major,
William L. Broddus; Adjutant, George Greene; Quartermaster, Abner V. Humph-
rey ; Surgeon, Thomas M. Jordan ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Elisha S. Mclntire ; 2d
Assistant Surgeon, Samuel C. Moss ; Chaplain, Robert F. Taylor.
Co. A — Captain, Robert S. Blackburn ; 1st Lieutenant, Philip Chipman ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Archibald II. Graham.
Co. B — Captain, John C. Anderson ; 1st Lieutenant, William D. Ruddell ; 2d
Lieutenant, David M. Taylor.
Co. C — Captain, Charles R. Hume; 1st Lieutenant, Oliver P. Cartwright; 2d
Lieutenant, George W. Blandin.
Co. D — Captain, Robert M. Black ; 1st Lieutenant, John B. Warroll ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Isaac N. Kincheloe.
Co. E — Captain, George Pollock ; 1st Lieutenant, Matthew Henry ; 2d Lieutenant,
John J. Mercer.
Co. F — Captain, Henry E. Hawkins; 1st Lieutenant, Clinton B. Cannon ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Seldon G. Earl.
Co. G — Captain, Jacob F. Joseph ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas L. Howden ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Pleasant M. Herndon.
Co. H — Captain, John K. Allen; 1st Lieutenant, George T. Beers; 2d Lieutenant,
Samuel Simmons.
Co. I — Captain, Granville H. Reynolds; 1st Lieutenant, Hardin Hovey; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James H. McCandless.
Co. K — Captain, Maris R. Vernon ; 1st Lieutenant, Jeremiah Parsons ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William B. Akins.
The 78th left Quincy on the 20th of September, 934 strong,
and reported at Louisville. From Louisville the regiment was sent
to Rolling Forks, and remained doing duty till the latter part of
7i> PATRIOTISM OF [LLINOI8.
January, when, ander General Gilbert, il wenl apthe Cumberland river
to Nashville, and there re-organized and was assigned to the lotli
Division of the Army of Kentucky, and then moved to Franklin;
marched from Franklin on 1 1 1 < ■ 6th of June and participated in the
advance movement of Rosecrans' army from Murfreesboro t<. Shelby-
ville, when' it remained till the 6th of September. 1 luring this time it
was assigned to the Corps of < teneral ( tordon ( Granger. On the 6th of
September moved <>n Chattanooga, reaching Rossville on the l tth.
On the 17th a portion of the Corps marched oul to Ringgold, Ga.,
where it had a skirmish. On the 20th the 78th participated in
the battle of Chickamauga, losing 150 killed, wounded and missing,
fifty-eight in killed and wounded, and fifty-six taken prisoners.
After the battle it fell back to Chattanooga, and there remained till
the advance of the army under General Grant. It took part in the
battles of Chattanooga and Mission Ridge, losing lightly. Next
marched to the relief of Knoxville. Returning from Knoxville, it
went into camp at Rossville, and remained till the 2d of May, 18G4,
when the army of General Sherman commenced its march on Atlanta.
During this march the regiment was engaged at Resaca, Rome and
Peach Tree Creek. It skirmished along till the army abandoned
its position in front of Atlanta, and moved to the flank and rear
of that stronghold. On the 18th of August Colonel Van Vleck
was mortally wounded while the regiment was skirmishing on
the right of Atlanta. At Jonesboro the 78th was engaged
next, and bore a loss of eighty-three men in killed and wounded.
This great loss was occasioned by charging a battery of six guns,
which it captured. Next moved back to Atlanta, where it remain-
ed until the 28th of September, when it moved in conjunction with
the 2d division into Northern Alabama in pursuit of General For-
rest's guerrillas, rejoining the army at Gaysville, Alabama, and next
helped to burn Atlanta. From Atlanta to Savannah the 78th left its
mark all along the way. It next participated in the campaign
through the Carolinas, burning and destroying as it went along. At
Averysboro and Bentonville the 78th was engaged, losing heavily at
the last place, sustaining a loss of forty-four men in killed and
wounded. Rejoicing that "this cruel war is over," it joined in the
grand review at Washington, and at once proceeded to Chicago,
EIGHTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. 71
where it arrived June 10, 1865, and was mustered out of serviee.
It brought back 373 men and 20 officers.
EIGHTY-EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 88th regiment, commonly known as the " Second Board of
Trade Regiment," was mustered into the service at Chicago on the
27th of August, 1862, with an aggregate of 840 men. The follow-
ing is the original roster :
Colonel, Francis T. • Sherman ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Alexander S. Chadburn,
Major, George W. Chandler; Adjutant, Joshua S. Bullard; Quartermaster,
Nathaniel S. Bouton ; Surgeon, George Coatsworth ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Arthur
C. Rankin ; 2d Assistant Surgeon, Frank N. Burdick ; Chaplain, Joseph C. Thomas.
Co. A — Captain, John A. Bross; 1st Lieutenant, John P. D. Gipson ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Lewis B. Cole.
Co. B — Captain, George W. Smith; 1st Lieutenant, George Chandler; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Gilbert F. Bigelew.
Co. C — Captain, Webster A. Whiting ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry H. Cushing ; 2d
Lieutenant, Charlus H. Lane.
Co. D — Captain, George A. Sheridan ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas F. W. Gullich ;
2d Lieutenant, Alex. C. McMurtry.
Co. E — Captain, Levi P. Holden; 1st Lieutenant, Sylvester Titsworth ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Lorenzo Brown.
Co. F — Captain, John W. Chickering; 1st Lieutenant, James A. S. Hanford ; 2d
Lieutenant, James Watts.
Co. G — Captain, Gurdon S. Hubbard, jr. ; 1st Lieutenant, Frederick C. Goodwin ;
2d Lieutenant, Dean R. Chester.
Co. H — Captain, Alex. C. McClurg; 1st Lieutenant, Charles T. Boal; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Daniel B. Rice.
Co. I — Captain, Joel J. Spalding; 1st Lieutenant, Orson C. Miller; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Jesse Ball.
Co. K — Captain, Daniel E. Barnard ; 1st Lieutenant, Homer C. McDonald ; 2d
Lieutenant, Edmund E. Tucker.
On the 4th of September, 1862, the 88th left Chicago for Louis-
ville, and four weeks later we find it at the battle of Perryville
[Vol. I., p. 345], after which, under gallant Phil. Sheridan, it went
to the battle of Stone River. Then it went through the Tullahoma
campaign to the battle of Chickamauga, where the regiment was
driven back, but not without some loss and gallant fighting.
Captain Holden wrote : " Our regiment lost heavily — think it
will exceed one hundred and twenty-five in killed and wounded."
7_ PATRIOTISM OF II.I.IXOIS.
Another w riti r sal 1 : "It w as tak< □ inl i the Sghl on :i hard run ;
was flanked righl and Left before it had time to form order of hat-
tie, and although subjected to most murderous oblique and direct
fire while going through their maneurers pushed on into the
thickest of the fighl until it became a hand-to-hand contest. Borne
back bj overwhelming numbers they pressed forward again only to
recoil before new and overwhelming reinforcements, and only
retreated when to stay would have been annihilation. Lieutenant-
Colonel Chadburn, although Buffering from the pain of a contused
thigh, resolutely kept his command. Major Chandler, as brave as a
lion in the very hail and sleet of battle, cried out: ' Come on, my
brave boys, I won't ask you to go where I am afraid to had.' Cap-
tain Smith, acting as field officer, was among the bravest of the
brave. The lamented Captain J. A. Dross, who was on picket, not
ouly dextrously extricated himself and men, but gallantly fought
his way hack to his regiment disputing every inch of ground. "'
At Mission Ridge, it was among the first to plant its colors on the
heights. Then follows the campaign through East Tennessee, where,
as Colonel Smith remarked, the 88th was " without rations, without
tents and without clothing." Under General Sherman, in Howard's
(4th) Corps, it participated in every battle and skirmish of the
Atlanta campaign. It was then sent to watch Hood. After the
skirmish at Spring Hill, it fought in the battle of Franklin, which
made the victory at Nashville, in which the 88th bore a part, only
the more easy. From that place it followed Hood to the Tennessee
river. It then went into camp, where it quietly remained, with the
exception of a brief expedition to East Tennessee, until June, 18G5.
On the 12th of June it arrived in Chicago, mustering 229 men of
the more than 900 who went out in 1862. It met with a cordial
welcome from the citizens generally, and especially from the Board
of Trade, under whose auspices it was organized.
Colonel Francis T. Sherman was born at Newtown, Fairfield
county, Conn., December 31, 1825. His father, Hon. F. C. Sher-
man, Ex-Mayor, settled at Chicago in 1834, where his education was
such as could be received in a newly-settled town. His summers
were spent in laboring in his father's brickyard, and his winters at
school. At the age of eighteen he entered a wholesale grocery
NINETY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 73
store, whore lie remained for two years. During Polk's adminis-
tration he was for a time a clerk in the Chicago Post-Office under
General Hart L. Stewart, P. M. He was afterward Secretary to
the Board of Appraisers of Canal Lands, but was obliged to resign,
on account of ill health. In the spring of 1849 he went to Cali-
fornia* in pursuit of both health and wealth. He remained in
California until November, 1850, undergoing the usual proportion of
the perils and privations of a miner's life. On the 8th of October,
1851, he was married, and from that time till the war broke out was
engaged in business in Chicago. On the 4th of October, 1861, he
was mustered in as Lieutenant-Colonel of the 56th Illinois infantry,
better known as the "Mechanics1 Fusileers." On account of some
alleged fraud in its enlistment, this regiment soon mutinied, and
on the 5th of February, 1862, was mustered out of service, with all
its officers. On the 8th of March following, Colonel Sherman was
mustered into service as Senior Major of the 12th Illinois cavalry,
with which regiment he remained till August, 1862. On the 27th
of that month he was mustered into the service as Colonel of the
88th infantry. With this regiment he was identified till the close
of the war. On the 7th of July, 1864, while acting as Chief-of- Staff
to General Howard, at the Chattahoochee river, he was captured by
the rebels. For three months he was kept in close captivity, save
on one occasion, when, with a number of other Union officers, he
jumped from a railroad train and attempted to escape. The most of
his companions were captured immediately, but Colonel Sherman
and a few others eluded their pursuers, but on the second midnight
were captured by blooddiounds. On the 7th of October he was ex-
changed, when lie immediately returned to Chicago, and soon after
rejoined his regiment.
For gallant and meritorious conduct he was promoted first by
brevet and subsequently, by regular appointment, Brigadier General,
a promotion well earned, amply merited.
NINETY-SIXTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 96th regiment was composed of six companies from Jo Da-
viess county and four from Lake. It was organized at Rockford, on
74 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
the 5th of September, 1862, numbering 950 men. The following is
the original roster :
Colonel, Thomas B. Champion ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Isaac L, Clark ; Major, John
('. Smith ; Adjutant, Edward A. Blodgett; Quartermaster, Stephen Jeffen; Surgeon,
Charlis Martin ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Moses Evana ; 2d Assistant Surgeon, Daniel
A. Sheffield; Chaplain, Jonathan M. Clendenning.
Co. A — Captain, George Sicks; 1st Lieutenant, William Vinoent; 2d Lieutenant,
Robert Pool.
Co. B — Captain, David Salisbury; 1st Lieutenant, Rolliu II. Trumbull ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Allen 15. Whitney.
Co. C — Captain, John R. Polloek; 1st Lieutenant, Addison B. Partridge ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William M. Laughlin.
Co. D — Captain, Afliel Z. Blodgett ; 1st Lieutenant, Caleb A. Montgomery ; 2d
Lieutenant, Walter Hastings.
Co. E— Captain, Joseph P. Black ; l3t Lieutenant, William F. Taylor ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Halsey II. Richardson.
Co. F — Captain, Thomas A. Green ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles E. Rowan ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Nelson R. Simms.
Co. G — Captain, James H. C.'ark ; 1st Lieutenant, David James; 2d Lieutenant,
Benjamin G. Blouney.
Co. H — Captain, Alexander Burnette; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel II. Bayne ; 2d
Lieutenant, Reuben L. Root.
Co. I — Captain, John Barker; 1st Lieutenant, John P. Tarpley ; 2d Lieutenant,
George W. Moore.
Co. K — Captain, Timothy D. Rose ; 1st Lieutenant, Edward E. Townsend ; 2d
Lieutenant, George W. Pepoon.
On the 8th of October, 1862, the 96th loft for Kentucky, where it
was stationed until the January following. While at Harrodsburg,
Ky., in November, the boys took possession of a rebel printing office,
and for a time issued a neat little sheet entitled the Soldier's Letter,
under the superintendence of Maj. Hicks, who was formerly associate
editor of the Galena Advertiser. In January, 1863, the regiment
was sent to Nashville, Term. It was soon after sent to Franklin, and
participated in Rosecrans' campaign against Tullahoma. In Sep-
tember, 1863, it went to Rossville, Ga., with the Reserve Corps. At
the battle of Chickamauga it bore a conspicuous part, losing heavily
in killed and wounded, Lieut. Col. Isaac L. Clark being among the
former. The 96th was next found at Lookout Mountain, on the 2Gth
of September. From the 2d of December, 1863, till the 26th of
January, 1864, it lay in camp at Nice-jack Creek, Ga. It was with
GEN. T. E. CHAMPION — COL. J. S. CLARK. 75
Palmer in the demonstration on Buzzard Roost, in February, and
then went through the Atlanta campaign, meeting the enemy at
Rocky Faced Ridge, Resaca, New Hope, and Kenesaw Mountain,
and losing 117 men in that campaign. It was detached from the
4th Corps on the march through Georgia, and returned to Pulaski.
It was in the battle of Franklin, from whence it marched to Nash-
ville, and participated in the glories and dangers of the battle at that
place, where it captured the enemy's works and three twelve-pound-
er batteries. From that date it remained in Alabama and East Ten-
nessee until June, 1865, when it returned to Chicago, where it ar-
rived on the 14th, and was mustered out and paid oif. It returned
with 420 men, having left a few recruits behind, while a number of
others had been transferred to other regiments, seven sergeants hav-
ing received commissions in colored regiments.
Brevet Brigadier-General Thomas E. Champion was born in Pal-
myra, Wayne County, New York, August 3d, 1825. At twelve years
of age his parents removed to the West, settling in Michigan. He
commenced life a printer, employing his leisure hours in study. He
afterwards pursued a thorough course of medical studies, and was
admitted to the practice of medicine in 1847. In 1850 he removed
to Freeport, Illinois, and in the following year to Warren, Jo Da-
viess county. Here he practised medicine successfully ; but having
a taste for the law, he studied the usual text books, and was admit-
ted to the bar in 1850. From that time until the summer of 1862
he entirely devoted himself to that profession, taking an active and
prominent part, however, in discussing the exciting political topics
of the day. When the new call for troops was made, he devoted
himself with unusual energy to the raising of volunteers, and suc-
ceeded so well that two companies were raised from his own town,
of the first of which he was chosen Captain ; and when the regi-
ment was organized, he was elected as its Colonel ; he filled that
position not only to the satisfaction, but the admiration of his com-
mand.
Lieutenant- Colonel Isaac L. Clark was born in Orange county,
Vt., in 1824; he graduated at Dartmouth College, July, 1848, and
in the following September settled in Waukegan, Lake county, 111.,
as Principal of the Academy of that city. He was distinguished for
7G PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
hia successful labors in thai position for Bevera] years, [n May, 1853,
he was admitted to the bur, and boob i imanded a lucrative prac-
tice. When the -'Hirer hundred thousand more*' were called for, he
lefl his extensive business to serve his country ; by his enthusiastic
exertions he Boon raised a company of volunteers, of which he was
made Captain, from which position he was promoted, by the voice of
the regiment, to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy. 11" accompanied the
regiment on nil its toilsome marches, and was with it in its many
skirmishes and battles until his death, on the 20th of September,
1863, at the battle of Chickamauga.
Major John C. Smith was born in Philadelphia, and spent the
earlier part of his life at Norristown. in that vicinity. H^re he
served liis apprenticeship to the carpenter's trade, and was afterward
engaged on government buildings at Cape May and in New York
city. In 1854 he went to Galena, where he made it his home until
the breaking out of the war. In 18G0-'G1 he assisted in superintend-
ing the erection of the Custom House at Dubuque, Iowa. In Au-
gust, 1862, he raised a company of volunteers, was chosen Captain,
and afterwords unanimously elected Major of the regiment. Major
Snath was an Odd Fellow, and held the highest position as such in
the State. Soon after entering the service he was presented with a
line gold watch by the Grand Encampment I. O. O. F. of Illinois.
While in the army he served as Provost Marshal of Shelby ville,
Murfreesboro, North Chattanooga and several other points. The
men and officers of the regiment ever found in him a true patiiot
and a brave soldier.
ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 101th infantry is emphatically a La Salle county regiment,
nearly or cpute all its members being enlisted in that county. It was
organized at Ottawa, and mustered into the service on the 23d of
August, 1862. The following is the original roster :
Colonel, Absalom B. Moore ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Douglas Hapeman ; Major, J.
IT. Widmer; Adjutant, Rufus C. Stevens; Quartermaster, Edward L. Derrick;
Surgeon, Reuben F. Dyer; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Julius A Freeman; 2d Assistant
Surgeon, Thomas B. Hamilton.
ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH INFANTRY. 77
Co. A — Captain, James H. Leighton ; 1st Lieutenant, Moses Osman ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Alphonso Prescott.
Co. B — Captain, George W. Howe ; 1st Lieutenant, Moses M. Randolph ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Samuel A. Porter.
Co. C — Captain, Samuel M. Heslet: 1st Lieutenant, Malcomb W. Tewksbury ; 2d
Lieutenant, David C. Rynearson.
Co. D — Captain, William H. Collins; 1st Lieutenant, William E. Brush; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James Snedaker.
Co. E — Captain, John S. II. Doty; 1st Lieutenant, Milton Straun; 2d Lieutenant,
Hansom P. Dewey.
Co. F — Captain, James I. McKernan; 1st Lieutenant, William Strawn; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John C. Lindsley.
Co. G — Captain, Johnson Misner ; 1st Lieutenant, Robert V. Simpson; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John N. Wood.
Co. H — Captain, Lewis Ludington; 1st Lieutenant, Orrin S. Davidson; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Samuel J. Haney.
Co. I — Captain, John Wadleigh ; 1st Lieutenant, Willard Proctor; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Charles E. Webber.
Co. K — Captain, Justus W. Palmer; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph Fitzsimmons ; 2d
Lieutenant, Otis S. Favor.
On the 6th of September, the regiment, numbering 39 officers and
925 men, broke camp, and started for Louisville, where it remained
till the 2d of October, and then move:! to Frankfort, and was gar-
ris med there till the 25th, when it marched to Bowling Green, ar-
riving on the 6th of November, when it started for Torapkinsville,
about five miles from the State line, and upon the day of arrival had
a bout with Hamilton's guerrillas. On the 25th of November, the
104th moved from Tompkinsvillc, and reached Hartville, Tenn., on
the 28th, and remained till the 7th of December when it was attack-
ed by John Morgan with a largely superior force and forced to sur-
render after^ fighting heroically for one hour and three quarters,
losing forty-four men killed and one hundred and fifty wounded.
Morgan marched them to Murfreesboro, and there paroled the whole
regiment, and it was then sent to Chicago and remained guarding
prisoners until exchanged, which was accomplished on the 12th of
April, 1863. On the 12th the regiment started for Nashville, and
there remained till June 7th, when it was sent to Murfreesboro, and
assigned to the 1st brigade of the 2d division of the 14th Corps.
The regiment participated in what is known as the Tullahoma cam-
paign, losing one man killed and four wounded in a fight on Elk
TS PATEI0TI8M OF ILLINOIS.
river on the 1st of July. On the 1st of September the 104th em-
barked on the Chattanooga campaign ; crossed Sand and Lookout
mountains and came out ut McLemore's Cove, on the 9th of Scp-
tember, and on the 11th Bkirmished at Bailey's Cross Roads, with a
loss of one man. On the 19th of the same month the regiment
fought in a battle at Crawfish Springs, losing one man killed and
seven wounded. On the 20th the battle of Chickamauga was fought,
and the 104th came out with a loss of sixty-three men killed, wound-
ed and missing. Fell back on Chattanooga and remained during
the whole siege. On the 24th of November was engaged al Look-
out Mountain ; on the 25th took part in the assault on Mission Ridge,
the colors of the 104th being the first of the 14th Corps raised over
the abandoned works. In the assault this regiment lost twenty-
three men in killed and wounded. On the 7th of May skirmished
in the vicinity of Buzzard's Roost, and on the 12th passed through
Snake Creek Gap. Previous to starting on this campaign, the 104th
was transferred to the 1st brigade, 1st division of the 14th Corps,
then commanded by General Palmer. On the 13th and 14th the
battles before Resaca were fought, the 104th participating with a loss
of one man killed and fifteen wounded. On the loth the regiment
marched into Resaca, and on the 16th continued its march, gaining
Kingston on the 20th, where it remained until the 23d, when it moved
to Dallas and skirmished from that time till about the 1st of June,
1 >sing one man killed and four wounded. Kenesaw Mountain was
the next fight, where the loss to the 104th was ten men, mostly all
killed. On the 17th of July the regiment crossed the Chattahoochee
river, and the next day was engaged in the battle of Peach Tree
Creek, losing two officers and fifteen men killed, ajid thirty-two
wounded. On the 21st had another engagement, losing one man
killed and four wounded. On the 3d of August moved on Atlanta,
and on the 7th, 8th and 9th skirmished, losing one officer and twenty-
one men killed. On the 8th moved to the right of Atlanta to Jones-
boro, and on the 7th of September reached Atlanta. On the 3d of
October marched north in pursuit of Hood ; returning, started on
the grand march to the sea, reaching Savannah on the 23d of
December, 1864. Quitted Savannah on the 19th of January, and
on the 19th of March was engaged in the battle of Bentonville, S. C,
ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIFTH. 79
losing two men killed, fourteen wounded and twelve captured. At
Averysville it was engaged, and then marched north, passing
through Goldsboro, Raleigh and Richmond, taking part in the grand
parade at Washington, arriving in Chicago on the 10th of June,
1865, where it was mustered out.
ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIFTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 125th regiment was composed of seven companies from Ver-
million county and three from Champaign. It was mustered into
the service at Danville on the 3d of September, 1862, with the fol-
lowing roster :
Colonel, Oscar F. Harmon ; Lieutenant-Colonel, James W. Langley ; Major, John
B. Lee; Adjutant, 'William Mann ; Quartermaster, Alexander M. Ayers ; Surgeon,
John J. McEIroy; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Charlea H. Mills; 2d Assistant Surgeon,
Joel F. Erving ; Chaplain, Levi W. Sanders.
Co. A — Captain, Clark Ralston ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles Jackson; 2d Lieutenant,
Harrison Low.
Co. B — Captain, Robert Stewart; 1st Lieutenant, William R. Wilson; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Stephen D. Conover.
Co. C — Captain, William W. Fellows ; Is*; Lieutenant, Alexander Pollock ; 2d
Lieutenant, James D. New.
Co. D — Captain, George W. Galloway; 1st Lieutenant, James B. Stevens; 2d
Lieutenant, John L. Jones.
Co. E — Captain, Nathan M. Clark; 1st Lieutenant, William G. Isom ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John Urquhart.
Co. F — Captain, Frederick B. Sale ; 1st Lieutenant, John B. Lester ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Alfred Johnson.
Co. H — Captain, Pleasant M. Parks ; 1st Lieutenant, David A. Benton ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John C. Harbor.
Co. G — Captain, John H. Gass ; 1st Lieutenant, Ephraim S. Howell; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Josiah Lee.
Co. I — Captain, Levin Vinson ; 1st Lieutenant, John E. Vinson ; 2d Lieutenant,
Stephen Brothers.
Co. K — Captain, George W. Cook ; 1st Lieutenant, Oliver P. Hunt ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Joseph F. Crosby.
On the 13th of September, 1862, the 125th left Danville for the
field, reporting at Cincinnati, and occupying a position in the works
around Covington, Ky., which was then threatened by the enemy.
On the 25th it marched to Louisville, and from there took up the
line of march under General Buell in pursuit of Bragg, coming up
80 PATBIOTI8M OF ILLINOIS.
with him at PeiTyville, where the L25th was actively engaged [VoL
T., p. 841], Upon the enemy retreating, the regiment marched to
Nashville, and there remained in garrison for the aii e months follow-
ing its arrival in that city. Upon being relieved, by a circuitous
march, the 125th reached Chattanooga in season to participate in the
dreadful battle of Chickamauga, being one of the regiments tin-own
into Rossville Gap for the purpose of preventing the enemy's ad-
vance on our retreating army, and lost upward of thirty men in
killed and wounded. Afterward the 125th was stationed at Cald-
well's Ford, on the Tennessee river, about nine miles north of Chat-
tanooga, and suffered severely from exposure to the elements and
short supplies. Upon the arrival of Sherman's force i from the West,
the regiment crossed the ford with him, and took an important pail
in the assault on Mission Ridge ; and upon Bragg's retreat from that
stronghold, the division to which the 125th belonged inarched to the
relief of Knoxville, then besieged by the forces of Longstreet, and
after defeating him the regiment took up the line of march for Chat-
tanooga, a distance of two hundred miles, through snow, sleet, hail
and torrents of rain, the men enduring the most terrible hardships,
forae of them without shoes, and the blood from their cut and
lacerated feet marking the whole distance. From the 25th of De-
cember, 1863, till May 1, 18G4-, the 125th was stationed at McAfee's
Church, Ga., and on the 3d started on the grand Atlanta campaign
under the indomitable Sherman. The first engagement it partici-
pated in was at Buzzard's Roost, next at Resaca, and then following
in close succession the buttles of Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach
Tree Creek, and the various skirmishes before Atlanta, ending with
the battle of Jonesboro, which was the cause of Hood evacuating
his strong works at Atlanta. The 125th lost at the battle of Kene-
saw Mountain one hundred and fifty men killed and wounded, be-
ing more than one-half the number which went in at the beginning
of the battle. Seventy of these men were killed on the field, and
forty afterward died from wounds received that day.
The 125th started with Sherman's grand army on its march to the
Atlantic ocean on the 10th of November, being in the 3d brigade,
2d division of Jeff. C. Davis' 14th Corps. On this march the 125th
had its full share of the resources of Georgia, doing its full duty as
COLONEL O. F. HARMOX. 81
foragers. The regiment remained in Savannah till the 20th of Jan-
uary, and then left on the campaign through the Carolinas, leaving
its mark wherever it went.
On the 19th of March happened the almost disastrous battle
of Bentonville, which was retrieved by the 2d division of the 14th
Corps, bringing victory out of defeat. The whole of Johnson's
army was on that day thrown upon the two divisions of the 14th
Corps, and upon the first division giving way before the overwhelm-
ing forces of the enemy, the 2d division gallantly came to the res-
cue, and succeeded, after a desperate fight, in driving the foe from
the field.
The 125th marched from Bentonville to Goldsboro, and thence to
Raleigh, where it witnessed the surrender of Johnston. Then on to
Richmond and Washington, where it took part in the grand review.
It arrived in Chicago, June 14, 1865, with 371 men of the 854 with
whom it started for the field.
A noticeable incident occurred during the stay of the 125th at
Caldwell's Ford, on the 17th of November, 1863. On that day a
rebel battery opened upon the camp from the opposite side of the
river, killing the Chaplain, Rev. L. W. Sanders, but doing no other
damage whatever, though over a hundred shots were fired from the
battery.
Colonel O. F. Harmon was born in "Wheatland, Monroe County,
New York, May 31, 1827. He lived with his parents until about
twenty-one years of age, working on his father's farm during the
summer season, and going to district school in the winter. After
spending two years in academic studies, he engaged in the study of
law in the fall of 1849, entering the law office of Messrs. Smith and
Griffin, Rochester, New York. Was admitted to the bar in Albany,
December, 1850, having attended lectures for six months in the Law
School of Professor Fowler at Ballston Spa, New York. Upon be-
ing admitted to the bar he returned to Rochester, and continued
with Smith and Griffin most of the time for the next two years. In
November, 1852, he started west, with the intention of settling in
Flint, Mich., but not being pleased with the town, went to Detroit,
remaining there five weeks, and then started south, reaching Lafay-
ette, Ind., in a few days. Falling in with Gen. H. L. Ellsworth at
6
82 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
this place, he was induced by the General's glowing descriptions of
Illinois prairie, to return home for funds to purchase at government
price a few hundred acres in the Danville Land district. Listening
to his stories of the wonderful West, his father gave him fifteen hun-
dred dollars, and on the 24th of March, 1853, he again left home,
arriving at Danville, 111., on the 31st of the same month. The land
office was then closed. Meeting with Abram Stansberry of Che-
ney's Grove, he went home with him, and while there, selected 1000
acres of choice land for entry, and returned to Danville. The land
was entered in the early part of May. lie soon opened a law office,
and commenced the practice of law, determining to abandon specu-
lation, as detrimental to his success as a lawyer. He was married
February 22, 1854, to Mrs. Elizabeth C. Hill, daughter of Alex-
ander McDonald, Vermillion county, 111., by whom he had four
children. He was elected to the State Legislature in 1858, and
served one session. In 1860 he was nominated for re-election by
the Republican party, but declined the nomination. In June, 1850,
formed a co-partnership with Hon. O. L. Davis. The firm had an
extensive practice in Eastern Illinois. While attending Court at
Urbana, Illinois, in August, 1862, Col. Harmon was solicited by
numerous citizens and personal friends to attempt the organization
of a regiment of infantry. After some hesitation he consented,
left the Court, returned home, and immediately commenced the
work. The organization was perfected within two weeks, and
the regiment mustered into the service. The command being unani-
mously tendered to him, it was accepted, and he left home and
friends for the field, at great pecuniary sacrifice. He continued in
command of his regiment until the battle of Kenesaw Mountain,
when he fell, pierced by a rebel bullet while leading an assault. He
was one of the bravest soldiers and most honorable gentlemen that
ever drew sword in defense of his country.
CHAPTER IV.
REGIMENTAL AND PERSONAL.
The Seventh Infantry — Muster Roll of the First Company Enlisted in the
State — General John Cook — The Eighth — Colonel Lloyd Wheaton — The
Ninth — Its Campaigns — The Tenth — The March to Knoxyille — The Eleventh
— Its Original and Final Rosters — Colonel Garrett Nevids — The Twelfth —
What It Did — Chicago Board of Trade Battery — Heroism and Devotion of the
Men — Bridges' Battery.
SEVENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
THE 7th Regiment was organized and mustered into the service
at Camp Yates, Springfield, April 25, 1861, with the following
roster :
Colonel, John Cook ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Wilford D. Wyatt ; Major, Nicholas
Greusel.
Co. A — Captain, Edward S. Joslyn ; 1st Lieutenant, Reuben H. Adams ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James Davidson.
Co. B — Captain, James Monroe ; 1st Lieutenant, Edmund W. True ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Robert H. McFadden.
Co. C — Captain, Samuel E. Lawyer ; 1st Lieutenant, Silas Miller; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Rufus P. Pattison.
Co. D — Captain, Benjamin M. Munn; 1st Lieutenant, Elizur Southworth; 2d
Lieutenant, Mark P. Miller.
Co. E — Captain, George H. E stab rook ; 1st Lieutenant, OttoBuzard; 2d Lieuten-
ant, H. C. Worthington.
Co. F — Captain, J. F. Cummings; 1st Lieutenant, William 0. Jenks; 2d Lieuten-
ant, C. F. Adams.
Co. G — Captain, William Sands ; 1st Lieutenant, David L. Canfield ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, W. G. Kerchival.
Co. H — Captain, Clifford W. Holden; 1st Lieutenant, Chris. C. Mason; 2d Lieu-
tenant, L. Wash. Myers.
Co. I — Captain, Andrew J. Babeock ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas G. Moffitt ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Noah E. Mendell.
Co. K — Captain, Richard Rowett; 1st Lieutenant, Manning Mayfield ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George Hunter.
84 PATBIOTTSM OF ILLINOIS.
The 7th left Camp Fates for Alton and Mound City, at which lat-
ter place, on the 25th of July, it was mastered into the three years'
service. Its roster was then as follows:
Colonel, John I '<»>k ; Lieutenant-Colonel, A. .T. Babcock ; Major, Nicholas Grcusel ;
Adjutant, Leroy K. Waller; Quartermaster, Wm. Brown, Jr. ; Surgeon, Richard L.
Metcalf; 1st Assistant Surgeon, James Hamilton; 2d Assistant Surgeon, George C.
McFarland; Chaplain, Jesae P. Davis.
Co. A — Captain, Samuel G. Ward ; 1st Lieutenant, Jonathan Kimball ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Wm. Renwick.
Co. B — Captain, Jaiues Monroe ; 1st Lieutenant, Hector Perrin ; 2d Lieutenant,
Orlando D. Ellis.
Co. C — Captain, Samuel E. Lawyer; 1st Lieutenant, Leroy Walker; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Ed. R. Roberts.
Co. D — Captain, Benjamin M. Munn ; 1st Lieutenant, Ira A. Church; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James M. Munn.
Co. E — Captain, George H. Estabrook; 1st Lieutenant, John A. Smith ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, H. N. Estabrook.
Co. F — Captain, James T. Cummings ; 1st Lieutenant, William Mathie ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, A. D. Knowlton.
Co. G — Captain, Henry W. Allen; 1st Lieutenant, George W. Tipton; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Adam E. Vrooman.
Co. H — Captain, ; 1st Lieutenant, Leo W. Myers; 2d Lieutenant,
■Jacob L. Ring.
Co. I — Captain, Noah E. Mendell; 1st Lieutenant, Ed. S. Johnson; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Newton Francis.
Co. K — Captain, Richard Rowett ; 1st Lieutenant, George Hunter ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Thomas B. Rood.
It was then sent to Ironton, Mo., where it joined the command
of General Prentiss. From Ironton it marched through Missouri
to Cape Girardeau. From here it was sent to Fort Holt, Kentucky,
General U. S. Grant being district commander. Here Colonel
Cook was made commander of the post. During the battle of
Belmont, it was sent to Elliott Mills, just above Columbus, returning
the same night. On the 3d of February, 1862, the 7th was sent to
Fort Henry, where it remained till February 12th, when it went to
Fort Donelson, and participated in the capture of that place, being
engaged in the last charge on the right of the enemy's works. On
the 21st of February, it was sent to Clarksville, Tennessee. From
here it made an expedition up the Tennessee river, and in April
took part in the battle of Shiloh. Then followed the movement on
Corinth, after the evacuation of which place it marched to Farm-
FIRST COMPANY KAISED IN ILLINOIS. 85
ington. At the battle of Corinth, on the 3d and 4th of October, the
regiment fought almost continually. On the 18th of December, it
was sent to Lexington, Kentucky, in pursuit of guerrillas. From the
15th of April, 1863, till May 3d, it was engaged in raids through
the country to the Alabama line, when it returned to Corinth.
From this date it was continually engaged in scouting and skirmish-
ing until the re-enlistment of the men as veterans, on the 22d of
December. It was mounted on the 18th of June, and remained a
mounted infantry regiment until its re-enlistment. On the 11th of
January, 1864, it arrived at Springfield, where, on the 19th, it
received thirty days1 furlough, at the expiration of which it returned
to Pulaski. Here it was again mounted, and placed on scouting
service in Northern Alabama. "While thus engaged it had a skir-
mish with the enemy at Tilton, Georgia, where the rebels had torn up
the railroad track and destroyed a supply train. On the 16th of
June it was dismounted and ordered to Rome, arriving on the 10th
of July. On the 5th of October it was engaged at the battle of
Allatoona Pass, where it lost 143 officers and men. It remained at
Rome, on guard duty, during the Atlanta campaign. On the 9th of
November, Rome was evacuated, and the 7th joined Sherman's
grand army in the march to the sea, and in the Carolina campaign.
It took part in the review before the President in "Washington, after
which it proceeded to Louisville, where it was mustered out of the
service on the 9th of July, 1865. On the 14th it was paid and
finally discharged at Springfield.
The following is the original roll of the first company mustered
into the service from Illinois, with the promotions afterward received
by some of its members :
Captain John Cook, Major-General TJ. S. A. ; Captain Andrew J. Babcock,
Colonel 7th Illinois Infantry.
1st Lieutenant Thomas G. Hoffett, Adjutant 7th Illinois Infantry.
2d Lieutenant Noah E. Mendell, Captain Co. I, 7th Illinois Infantry.
1st Sergeant Edward S. Johnson, Major 7th Illinois Infantry.
Sergeant — John C. Reynolds; William A. Dubois, Lieutenant-Colonel 80th Illi-
nois Infantry; Henry Yan Hoff, Adjutant 14th Illinois Infantry.
Corporals — Edward R. Roberts, Captain 7th Illinois Infantry; John S. Caulfield,
1st Lieutenant 114th Illinois Infantry ; Thomas Bishop, Sergeant-Major 114th Illi-
nois Infantry ; John M. Pearson, Captain 4th New Jersey Infantry.
Privates — Armstrong John W., Captain; Kain Albert W., ( Musician ) ; Adams
B6 PATRIOTISM OF ILLIXOI8.
Alexander, (Musician), Lieutenant 7ih [llinoia Infantry; Alden William, Alsop
Henry, Arnold Alfred, Lieutenant 183d Illinois Infantry ; Butler Thomas II., liutts
Thomas, Lieutenant, Regimenl ; Boring William, Clark William II., Cook
Thomas H., Caufield John 0., Decker John C, Dickerson Samuel, Hat-lev Charles,
Lieutenant 50th Illinois Infantry ; Fcssendcn George T., Leader 11th Missouri Hand ;
Frances Thomas N., Adjutant 7th Illinois Infantry ; Ferguson Robert J., Fisher
Joseph 8., lieutenant Tth Illinois Infantry; Flint Solomon F., Lieutenant 7th Illi-
nois Infantry ; Fox James, Gregory Peter, Gourley Charles S., Green Francis M.,
Captain list Illinois Infantry; Gibson John, Captain 11 tth Illinois Infantry;
Hiikox Silas W., Lieutenant 10th Illinois Cavalry ; Higgins Edwin S., Captain 33d
Illinois Infantry; Heskett Benjamin S., Ide Albert L., Johns Chester, Lieutenant
10th Illinois Cavalry; Elipple Jacob, Kerlin George W., Captain 2fith Illinois
Infantry; Keefner George, Lawhead Charles, Manning George G., Morris Thomas
A., McClease John, Captain 30th Illinois Infantry; Mclntire Marshall M., 1st Lieu-
tenant 29th Illinois Infantry ; Nixon William A., Captain 33d Illinois Infantry ;
Norton Luke, Newman William, Naral Joseph D., Opdyke Thomas G., Post Truman
S., Captain 29th Illinois Infantry ; Polusky David R., Reed Lawson, Ruth J. Dillcr,
Ruby Andrew M., Russell Samuel H., Captain 29th Illinois Infantry; Riley Asher,
Lieutenant 114th Illinois Infantry; Richmond John S., Captain 26th Illinois
Infantry; Strickland Edward P., Captain 114th Illinois Infantry ; Sullivan John
E., Captain 7th Illinois Infantry; Spriggs Fredrick R., Lieutenant 10th Illinois
Cavalry ; Saunders Henry A., Shunkland John H., Steele Reuben, Swearinger
Thomas A., Captain 28th Illinois Infantry ; Stockdale William G., Thorpe William
G., Truman Oliver, Taylor Charles A., Uhler Martin J., Wells Charles II., Captain
38th Illinois Infantry ; Wilson William II., Wyatt Frauk, Williams Louis M., Jayne
Henry, Lieutenant 7th Illinois Cavalry, A. D. C.
Major- General John Cook was born in Belleville, Illinois, June
12, 1826. In 1855, he was Mayor of Springfield. He was made
Major-General of Illinois Militia, by Governor Bissell, in 1856.
In the same year he was elected Sheriff of Sangamon County.
He was Captain of the Springfield Zouave Grays, Company "A,"
20th Regiment Illinois State Militia. It was an admirably drilled
company, and was to go to Washington as escort to Mr. Lincoln,
when he went from Springfield, but was forbidden by General Scott.
This was the first company tendered to the United States by the
Governor of Illinois.
Upon the organization of the 7th, he was elected Colonel, April
25, 1861. He was in the battle of Fort Donelson, in command of a
brigade in General Smith's division, where his gallantry and efficient
services won the approbation of his superiors, and he was recom-
mended for promotion. He received a commission as Brigadier-
General. He served faithfully wherever assigned to duty, whether
EIGHTH INFANTRY. 87
on the field or in the state, and at the close of the war was mustered
out as Major-General.
General Cook had the honor to lead the gallant 7th, a heroic regi-
ment, and was worthy of the command. Cool and yet confident, he
proved himself worthy of position as a general officer.
EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 8th regiment was mustered into the service at Camp Yates,
Springfield, April 25, 1861, with the following roster:
Colonel, Richard J. Oglesby; Lieutenant-Colonel, Frank L. Rhodes; Major, John
P. Post.
Co. A — Captain, Isaac C. Pugh ; 1st Lieutenant, Isaac Martin ; 2d Lieutenant,
George M. Bruce.
Co. B — Captain, Henry P. Westerfield ; 1st Lieutenant, John M. Lowry; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Thomas Goodman.
Co. C — Captain, James M. Ashmore ; 1st Lieutenant, James B. Hill; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Daniel Saver.
Co. D — Captain, John Lynch ; 1st Lieutenant, L. M. Startsman ; 2d Lieutenant,
John H. Roberts.
Co. E — Captain, Charles E. Dennisou; 1st Lieutenant, John Wetzel ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Charles Prcebesting.
Co. F — Captain, Joseph M. Hanna; 1st Lieutenant, Christ. C. Glass; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Josiah A. Sheetz.
Co. G — Captain, John McWilliams ; 1st Lieutenant, James S. Bernard ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Thomas Butler.
Co. H — Captain, A. J. McCraner; 1st Lieutenant, R. H. Sturgess; 2d Lieutenant,
John R. Mabry.
Co. I — Captain, Daniel Grass; 1st Lieutenant, "William C. Clark; 2d Lieutenant,
Charles Fairbanks.
Co. K — Captain, William H. Harvey; 1st Lieutenant, Price Keith ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Ab'm Yandenburg.
After serving three months at Cairo, the regiment re-organized for
the three years' service, with a nearly new roster, as follows :
Colonel, Richard J. Oglesby; Lieutenant-Colonel, Frank L. Rhodes; Major, John
P. Post ; Adjutant, William C. Clark; Quartermaster, Samuel Rhodes; Surgeon,
Silas T. Trowbridge ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, John M. Pfaipps ; 2d Assistant Surgeon,
Charles N. Denison ; Chaplain, Samuel Day.
Co. A — Captain, G. M. Bruce; 1st Lieutenant, Frank Leeper; 2d Lieutenant,
Walter J. Taylor
Co. B — Captain, Herman Lieb ; 1st Lieutenant, Peter Schlosser ; 2d Lieutenant,
Henrv J. Marsh.
88 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Co. 0 — Captain, James M. Ashmore ; 1st Lieutenant, Daniel Savers; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James 8. Brown.
Co. D — Captain, L. M. Btartsman; 1st Lieutenant, Jos. W. Robards; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Joseph B. Jones.
Co. E — Captain, John Wetzel ; 1st Lieutenant, Lloyd Whcaton ; 2d Lieutenant,
Samuel Caldwell.
Co. F — Captain, Joseph M. Hanna; 1st Lieutenant, Josiah A. Sheetz; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Samuel lihodes.
Co. Q — Captain, James S. Barnard; 1st Lieutenant, Elilni Jones; 2d Lieutenant,
William P. Sitton.
Co. II — Captain, Robert II. Sturgess; 1st Lieutenant, John L. Shaw; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Alva C. Bishop.
Co. I — Captain, Robert Wilson; 1st Lieutenant, William Zeidlcr; 2d Lieutenant,
Deitrich Smith.
Co. K — Captain, William II. Ilarvey ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph G. Howell ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Noah W. Dennison.
In September, 1861, the regiment was stationed at Bird's Point,
Mo., where it remained till January, 18G2, when it joined in the
movement on Columbus. On the 2d of February it left Cairo with
General Grant, to " hew a way to the Gulf," and actively partici-
pated in the battles of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. It after-
ward took part in the battle of Shiloh and in the siege of Corinth.
After the evacuation of this place, the regiment remained for a brief
time at Bethel, Term., and then went to Jackson, where it remained
till November 17th. In this month it joined the army of Grant in
the movement southward on the line of the Memphis and Charles-
ton Railroad to Mississippi. On the 19th of January, 1863, it reached
Memphis, where it remained till February 22d, when it embarked for
Lake Providence. It was engaged in various minor movements till
the grand advance upon Vicksburg was made. It took part in the
battles of Thompson's Hill, Raymond, Jackson and Champion Hills,
and in the siege of Vicksburg. It afterward went upon several
expeditions, and in February, 1864, marched with General Sherman
to Meridian, Miss. On its return to Vicksburg, three fourths of its
number having re-enlisted as veterans, it was furloughed for thirty
days. On the 17th of May it returned to Vicksburg, where it
remained on post duty, varying this with an occasional brief expe-
dition. On the 21st of June it was strengthened by the consoli-
dation with it of the veterans of the 17th regiment. On the 21st of
EIGHTH INFANTRY. S9
July it left Vicksburg on an expedition render General Dennis to
Jackson, Miss., skirmishing with the enemy on its return. On the
25th of July the regiment left Vicksburg for Morganzia, La., where
it remained till August 23d. While stationed at Morganzia, it made
an expedition to Port Hudson and Clinton, La., in which it met the
rebels in two or three slight skirmishes. On the 23d of August, it
went upon an expedition to the mouth of White River. It
remained at the latter place till October 18th, when it proceeded to
Memphis, afterward to the mouth of White River, and thence to
Duvall's Bluff. Here it remained but a few days, when it returned
to Memphis. While here it made a scout in the direction of La-
grange, returning to Memphis on the 1st of January, 1865, when it
left Memphis for New Orleans, in the vicinity of which it remained
till February, when it was sent to Dauphin Island, where it was in
camp till March 17th, when it started on the campaign against Mobile,
and took part in the siege of Spanish Fort. It was also in the charge
made upon Fort Blakely, where it did gallant service and was the
first to plant its colors on the enemy's works. From this date until
May 27th, it was stationed at Mobile, doing guard duty. It then went
to New Orleans, and from thence up the Red River to Shreveport,
where it remained till June 15th, when it marched to Marshall, Texas.
Here and at Shreveport it remained till its muster out in May, 1866.
Colonel Lloyd Wheaton was born in Calhoun County, Michigan,
July 15, 1838. He came to Illinois at the age of fifteen, and settled
at Peoria. He learned civil engineering from his father, and fol-
lowed his profession until the breaking out of the war, when he
joined the first company of volunteers raised in Peoria. The com-
pany was mustered into the 8th infantry on its original organization
at Springfield. When the regiment was mustered for three years'
service he was made First Lieutenant. At the battle of Shiloh,
where he was seriously wounded, he won his promotion to the cap-
taincy, and from that passed step by step to the colonelcy of the
regiment ; gaining his promotion through every grade by gallant
and meritorious conduct. He was one of the first men to enter the
rebel works at Fort Blakely, and was always in the front when dan-
ger was near.
00 PATRIOTISM OF Il.UV'IS.
NIMH ILLINOIS INFANTKY.
The 9th regiment was organized at Springfield, and mustered into
the service on the 28th of April, 1861. The following is the original
roster :
Coloin'l, Eleazer A. Paine; Lieutenant-Colonel, Augustus Mersey; Major, Je?.n;
J. Phillips.
Co. A — Captain, Aug. Mersey; 1st Lieutenant, Jacob Koercha ; 2d Lieutenant,
Hugo Wcsterman.
Co. P» — Captain, Rudolph Beckier; 1st Lieutenant, F'd. T. Ledergerbcr; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Ilenry C. Hay.
Co. C — Captain, D. F. Tiedman ; 1st Lieutenant, Philip Conrad ; 2d Lieutenant,
Hamilton Leiber.
Co. D — Captain, Alex. G. Hawes; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph A. Cox; 2d Lieutenant,
Cassius F. Roman.
Co. E — Captain, Otto Kochlein; 1st Lieutenant, "William Scheittcin : 2d Lieuten-
ant, S. Scheiuminger.
Co. F — Captain, Collins Van Cleve ; 1st Lieutenant, Loren Webb ; 2d Lieutenant,
George Adams.
Co. G — Captain, Benj. W. Tucker; 1st Lieutenant, Cary II. n. Davis; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Jared P. Ash.
Co. II — Captain, Jesse J. Phillips ; 1st Lieutenant, John W. Kitehell ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Wm. F. Armstrong.
Co. I — Captain, Jos. G. Robinson ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas J. Newsham ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Gerhard Gerride.
On the day of its muster into the service, the 9th was ordered to
Cairo, where it joined General Prentiss' command. It was engaged
in scouting service through Missouri, and on the expiration of its
term of service, July 26, 1861, was mustered out of service. Under
orders from the War Department, however, it was re-organized and
mustered into the three years' service on the day of its muster out.
The following is the second roster:
Colonel, Eleazer A. Paine ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Augustus Mersey; Major, Jesse J.
Phillips; Adjutant, Thomas J. Newsham; Quartermaster, Wm. C. Pinckard ; Sur-
geon, Samuel M. Hamilton; 1-t Assistant Surgeon, EmilGuilick; 2d Assistant Sur-
geon, Wm. A. Allen ; Chaplain, James J. Ferree.
Co. A. — Captain, John H. Kuhn ; 1st Lieutenant, Emil Adam ; 2d Lieutenant,
Ernest J. Weivrick.
Co. B — Captain, Wm. C. Kueffner ; 1st Lieutenant, Hamilton Leiber ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Frederick E. Vogeler.
Co. C— Captain, Dederick F. Tedeman; 1st Lieutenant, Oscar Rollman ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Charles Scheve.
NINTH INFANTRY. 91
Co. D — Captain, Rudolphus Beckier ; 1st Lieutenant, Edward Krebs ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William Bollen.
Co. E — Captain, Alexander G. Hawes ; 1st Lieutenant, William D. Craig; 2d
Lieutenant, R. B. Patterson.
Co. F — Captain, Loren Webb ; 1st Lieutenant, William Britt ; 2d Lieutenant, G.
W. Williford.
Co. G — Captain, Eager M. Lowe ; 1st Lieutenant, John S. Tutten; 2d Lieutenant,
Isaac Clements.
Co. H — Captain, Wm. F. Armstrong; 1st Lieutenant, Cyrus H. Gillmore ; 2d
Lieutenant, Alfred Cowgill.
Co. I — Captain, Jos. G. Robinson ; 1st Lieutenant, Wm. H. Purviance ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Samuel J. Hughes.
Co. K — Captain, George B. Poor ; 1st Lieutenant, Jas. C. McCleary ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Gilbert G. Low.
On the 1st of September, 1861, the aggregate strength of the
regiment was 1,040 men. On the 5th it left Cairo for Paducah, Ky.,
where it remained until February 5, 1862. While there, the regiment
made numerous marches and reconnoissances through that portion of
Kentucky. It next participated in the battles of Forts Henry and
Donelson, in which it did excellent service. On the 22d of Febru-
ary it took possession of Clarksville, Tenn., where a large amount of
commissary stores and supplies were captured. It was engaged in
the battle of Shiloh, on the 6th and 7th of April, 1862, and in the
advance on Corinth. After the evacuation of that place it was sent
as far as Booneville, in pursuit of the retreating rebels. From June
13th to August 15th, it was in camp within two miles of Corinth.
From there it went to Rienzi, and remained till October 1st. It was
engaged in the battle of Corinth, October 3d and 4th. It was soon
afterward ordered out on a reconnoissance to Guntown, Saltillo,
Tupelo and Marietta. It Avas engaged in the battles of Buzzard
Roost, Decatur, Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Dallas, Rome Cross
Roads, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro, and a number of
others. It was also in the grand " march to the sea," actively and
honorably participating in the Carolina campaign. It was present
at the grand review at Washington, in 1865, after which it returned
home for muster and discharge, having participated in not less than
one hundred and ten battles and skirmishes.
TENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 10th regiment was originally formed in 1861, from indepen-
92 PATBIOTI8M OF ILLINOIS.
dent companies, put together for three months, and afterwards re-
organized as a three years' regiment. The original roster was as
follows :
Colon.], Benj, If. Prentiss; Lieutenant-Colonel, James D. Morgan ; Major, Charles
H. Adam- ; Assistant Surg >, Daniel Stahl.
Co. A.— Captain, John Tillson ; 1st Lieutenant, Jos. G. Rowland ; 2d Lieutenant,
John Wood, jr.
Co. B— Captain, Ohaa. EL Adams ; 1st Lieutenant, John W. King ; 2d Lieutenant,
Thomas W. Smith.
Co. C — Captain, Lindsey IT. Carr; 1st Lieutenant, Israel Jones.
Co. I) — Captain, Francis A. Dallam; 1st Lieutenant, Benjamin Edson ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Samuel J. Wilson.
Co. E— Captain, ('has. S. Sheeley ; 1st Lieutenant, William II. Mintcr; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James Short.
Co. F. (Artillery) — Captain, Chas. Houghtaling; 1st Lieutenant, Chas. C.Camp-
bell; 2d Lieutenant, A. M. Wright; 3d Lieutenant, John \V. Simmons.
Co. G — Captain, McLain F. Wood ; 1st Lieutenant, James Mitchell ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James F. Lor.glev.
Co. II — Captain, Daniel H. Gilmer; 1st Lieutenant, George W. Olney ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James W. Harris.
Co. I. (Artillery) — Captain, Caleb Hopkins; 1st Lieutenant, James A. Lott ; 2d
Lieutenant, James P. Flood.
Co. K. (Artillery) — Captain, Edward McAlister; 1st Lieutenant, George J. Wood ;
2d Lieutenant, Win. C. Chapman.
Colonel Prentiss was made a Brigadier- General on the 10th of
May, 1861, and afterward commissioned as Major-General. His suc-
cessor, Colonel Morgan, was appointed Brigadier-General on the
17th of July, '61. The third commanding officer, Colonel John Till-
son, wore the star of a Brevet-Brigadier- General on his muster out,
in 1865. On the re-organization of the regiment for three years' ser-
vice, in July, 1861, the roster was as follows :
Colonel, James D. Morgan ; Lieutenant-Colonel, John Tillson ; Major, Francis A
Dallam; Adjutant, Joseph G. Rowland; Quartermaster, Oliver I. Pyatt; Surgeon,
Henry R. Payne; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Daniel Stahl; 2d Assistant Surgeon, John
W. Craig; Chaplain, William H. Collins.
Co. A — Captain, McLain F. Wood; 1st Lieutenant, James F. Langley ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Otho D. Critzer.
Co. B— Captain, Thomas W. Smith ; 1st Lieutenant, William D. Green ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Chas. P. McEnally.
Co. C— Captain, Charles S. Sheley ; 1st Lieutenant, Andrew Wood ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William Morgan.
Co. D— Captain, Samuel T. Mason ; 1st Lieutenant, Harry M. Scarritt; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William G. Galion.
THE TENTII INFANTRY. 93
Co. E — Captain, Charles S. Cowan ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel I. Wilson ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Colin McKinney.
Co. F — Captain, George A. Race ; 1st Lieutenant, Ricbm'd Wolcott ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, A. Neighmeyer.
Co. G — Captain, John D. Mitchell; 1st Lieutenant, David R. Waters; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Guy W. Blanchard.
Co. H — Captain, Lindsay H. Carr; 1st Lieutenant, Edward II. Sylla ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, J. B. Carpenter.
Co. I — Captain, Morton S. McAtee ; 1st Lieutenant, David Gillespie ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Robert H. Mann.
Co. K — Captain, George C. Lusk ; 1st Lieutenant, Godhold Girnth ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Edward L. Friday.
On the 10th of October, 1861, the 10th left Cairo, and on the 10th
of January, 1862, started on a raid through that portion of Kentucky
adjacent to Cairo, in which it accomplished the destruction of a large
amount of rebel property. On the 10th of March it left Bird's Point
and joined General Pope at New Madrid, and took part in the head-
ing off of the rebels who were endeavoring to escape from Island
No. 10. On the 10th of April, three days later, it returned to New
Madrid, and thence went to Osceola, near Fort Pillow, which place
it soon left for Pittsburg Landing, on hearing of the battle of Shiloh.
It then took part in the siege of Corinth until that place fell, and
was foremost in pursuit of the flying rebels. From the 13th of
July till the 28th of August it lay at Tuscumbia, Ala., and was then
sent to Nashville, which place it guarded until relieved by General
Rosecrans' army. During this time it was fighting almost constantly,
for a part of the time being on half rations, then one fourth, until it
was almost without rations at all. Yet the boys found time to build
Fort Negley. Under General Thomas the regiment went through
the Alabama and Mississippi campaigns, and on the 3d of October,
1864, joined Rosecrans' grand army, participating in the battles of
Mission Ridge, Lookout Mountain and the campaign on Knoxville.
Then followed the famous march to the relief of Burnside at Knox-
ville, made in mid- winter, without shoes, blankets or tents. On the
1st of January, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted for another three
years. At the expiration of its "veteran furlough," it joined in the
advance on Atlanta. Then came Sherman's " march to the sea,"
in which the 10th took a part, as also in the grand review at Wash-
ington. On the 4th of July, 1865, the regiment was mustered out at-
O-i PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Louisville, and two days later arrived at Chicago for final muster
and discharge. At (his date it numbered, all told, only 686 men of
the 1,850 which it mastered at one time in 1861.
The following is a list of the larger battles in which the 10th was
engaged: New .Madrid, Island No. 10, Tiptonville, Farmington,
Corinth (May 8th and 28th, 1862), Tuscumbia, Columbia, Mission
Ridge, Chickamauga, Tunnel Bill, Buzzard Roost and Rocky Face,
Resaca (May llth and loth and October 14, 1864), Rome, Dal-
las, New Hope Church, Lost Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain. Marietta,
Nickojack, Chattahoochie River, Peacb Tree Creek, Before Atlanta
(thirty days), Jonesboro, Snake Creek Gap, Oliver Station, Pooler,
Savannah, Rivers' Bridges, Bennaker's Bridge, Cheraw, Fayetteville,
Bentonville.
ELEVENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The llth regiment was organized at Springfield, and was mustered
into the three months' servioe on the 30th of April, 1861 — two weeks
after the President's first proclamation calling for volunteers. The
following is the original roster :
Colonel, W. H. L. Wallace ; Lieutenant-Colonel, J. Warren Fillers ; Major, Thomas
E. G. Ransom.
Co. A — Captain, Smith D. Atkins; 1st Lieutenant, M. E. Newcomer; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Silas W. Fields.
Co. B — Captain, Fred. W. Shaw ; 1st Lieutenant, Greenbury L. Foot ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, J. M. MeClanahan.
Co. C — Captain, A. L. Rockwood ; 1st Lieutenant, S. P. Jones ; 2d Lieutenant, J.
C. Jewell.
Co. D — Captain, Garrett Ncvius ; 1st Lieutenant, R. A. Bird; 2d Lieutonant,
Wm. D. E. Andrews.
Co. E — Captain, T. E. G. Ransom; 1st Lieutenant, Lloyd D. Waddell ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Alvin II. More}-.
Co. F — Captain, Wm. T. Hopkins; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel Elton ; 2d Lieutenant,
George S. Doane.
Co. G — Captain, J. Warren Filler; 1st Lieutenant, John H. J. Lacy; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Geo. W. Parks.
Co. H — Captain, Theodore C.Gibson; 1st LieutenaDt, Benjamin F. Hotchkiss ;
2d Lieutenant, Douglas Hapeman.
Co. I — Captain, Wm. L. Gibson; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph E. Skinner; 2d Lieu-
tenant, E. A. Mullett.
Co. K — Captain, Henry H. Carter ; 1st Lieutenant, John Dick ; 2d Lieutenant,
James Ireland.
THE ELEVENTH INFANTRY. 95
For three months the regiment was stationed at Villa Ridge, 111.,
and Bird's Point, Mo., doing garrison duty. During this term the
lowest aggregate was 882 and the highest 933. On the 30th of
July it was re-mustered for the three years' service, with the follow-
ing roster :
Colonel, W. H. L. Wallace ; Lieutenant-Colonel, J. Warren Fillers ; Major, T. E.
G. Ransom; Adjutant, Cyrus E. Dickey; Quartermaster, Guyan J. Davis; Surgeon,
Owen M. Long ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Oliver G. Hunt ; 2d Assistant Surgeon, Geo.
H Dewey ; Chaplain, Benjamin H. Pierson.
Co, A — Captain, Smith D. Atkins ; 1st Lieutenant, Guyan J. Davis ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James 0. Churchill.
Co. B — Captain, Fred W. Shaw; 1st Lieutenant, Alfred R. Wilcox; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Samuel B. Dean.
Co. C — Captain, George C. McKee ; 1st Lieutenant, Geo. S. Doane ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, H. F. McWilliams.
Co. D — Captain, Wm. D. E. Andrews ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry H. Doane ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Orrin C. Towne.
Co. E — Captain, Lloyd D. Waddell ; 1st Lieutenant, Harrison C. Vore ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Samuel C. Moore.
Co. F — (Formerly Co. K, 109th ) Captain, Samuel 0. Lewis ; 1st Lieutenant, Rob-
ert B. Bartleson ; 2d Lieutenant, Andrew Colvin.
Co. G — Captain, Lucius Rose ; 1st Lieutenant, Wm. J. Boyce ; 2d Lieutenant,
Wm. M. Murray.
Co. H — Captain, James H. Coates ; 1st Lieutenant, William Duncan ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Douglas Hapeman.
Co. I — Captain, Greenbury L. Fort ; 1st Lieutenant, John H. Widmer ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Benjamin F. Blackstone.
Co. K — Captain Henry H. Carter ; 1st Lieutenant, Nathan C. Kenyon ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Theo. H. Walrod.
At the time of re-muster the regiment numbered 288. During the
four months succeeding it was recruited to an aggregate of 801, in
the meantime doing garrison and field duty, and it participated in
various expeditions to New Madrid, Charleston, Bloomfield, Colum-
bus and Sikeston. February 2, 1862, it embarked for Fort Henry
and took part in the campaign against that place. On the 11th of
the same month it moved toward Fort Donelson, and bore a gallant
and bloody part in the siege and capture of that place, losing 329
killed, wounded and missing, out of about 500 engaged. On the
5th of March it embarked for Savannah, Tenn., and on the 6th and
7th of April took part in the battle of Shiloh, where it lost twenty-
seven killed out of one hundred and fifty engaged. It next partici-
96 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
pated in the siege of Corinth, and thence marched to Jackson,
Tennessee, camping there till August 2d, taking part, in July, in
expeditions to Trenton and Lexington, Tennessee. On the 2<1 of
August, it was sent to Cairo to recruit. It remained here and at
Paducah until November 20th, in the meantime engaging in various
expeditions to Clarksvillc, Tennessee, and Hopkinsville, Kentucky.
At the latter date it started for Lagrange, Tennessee. From this
time till January 12, L863, it participated in the campaign in North-
ern Mississippi, having a sharp -skirmish with the enemy at Talla-
hatchie. Halting at Memphis, on the 17th it embarked for Young's
Point, where it remained till February 11th, when it moved to Lake
Providence. It made headquarters here till April 20th. On the 23d,
the 389 "faithful men " of the 109th Illinois Infantry [ Vide history
of the latter regiment] were transferred to the 11th. April 26th the
11th marched to the rear of Vicksburg, arriving May 18th. On the
19th and 22d, it participated in assaults upon the enemy's works, and
then in the advance siege works till the rebel surrender. During
the assaults and siege it lost one field officer (Colonel Garrett Nevius)
killed and three line officers and forty men killed and wounded.
On the 17th of July it moved with an expedition to Natchez, partici-
pating in another to Woodville, Mississippi, returning to Vcksburg,
October 12th, making headquarters there till July 29, 1864. In the
meantime it took part in various expeditions, skirmishing at Liver-
pool Heights, February 5th, Yazoo City, March 5th, and at several
other places. July 29th, it moved to Morganzia, and remained there
till September 3d, thence by water, to the mouth of White River,
Arkansas. On the 18th of October, it moved to Memphis, Tennes-
see, returning to White River on the 27th. From this time it was
engaged in "general campaigning," till February 4, 18G5, when it
moved to Dauphin Island, and from the 17th of March till April
12th, was engaged in operations against Mobile, on the latter date
marching into and taking possession of the city. It had a part in
the investment and siege of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, and in
the assault on the latter. On the 27th of May it left Mobile for
New Orleans, from thence to Alexandria, La., where it remained till
June 22d, when it was sent to Baton Rouge, where it was mustered
out of service on the 14th day of July, 1865, and was sent thence
to Springfield, where it was paid off and finally discharged.
COLONEL GARRETT NEVIUS. 97
Killed on the field and died of wounds received. . . .149.
Aggregate in three months' service 933
" years' service 1,879
Field and Staff " " " 53
Total 2 875
The following general officers have been in the regiment : Gene-
ral W. H. L. Wallace, General T. E. G. Ransom, General Smith D.
Atkins.
The following field officers of other regiments were members of
the 11th: Colonel Hotchkiss, Colonel Hapeman, Major Widmer,
Colonel H. H. Dean, Major S. B. Dean, Lieutenant-Colonel McCaleb,
Colonel G. L. Fort. Line officers made from this regiment to other
regiments, thirty-three. The following is the roster at muster out :
Colonel, Jas. H. Coates ; Lieutenant-Colonel, N. C. Kenyan ; Major S. 0. Lewis ;
Adjutant, A. A. Thompson ; Quartermaster, J. W. Brewster ; Surgeon, 0. G. Hunt;
Assistant Surgeons, Myron Hopkins, W. D. Briggs.
Co. A — Captain, 0. Ingersoll; 1st Lieutenant, Jerome H. Liveland ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, R. J. Hurlbut.
Co. B — Captain, I. D. Vore ; 1st Lieutenant, John Spire ; 2d Lieutenant, Geo. D.
Carrington.
Co. C — Captain, Geo. S. Doane ; 1st Lieutenant, John W. Reading; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Wm. J. Mclntyre.
Co. D — Captain, Ira Beddo ; 1st Lieutenant, Wm. H. Stalker ; 2d Lieutenant,
Aaron Bayless.
Co. E — Captain, S. Bostwick; 1st Lieutenant, ; 2d Lieutenant, John
Stevenson.
Co. F — Captain, Robert Bartleson; 1st Lieutenant, Andrew Calvin; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John W. Carnes.
Co. G — Captain, Wm. S. Johnston; 1st Lieutenant, Wm. C. Ginter; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Richard Hughes.
Co. H — 2d Lieutenant, M. D. Ayres.
Co. I — Captain, C. A. Peirronet.
Co. K — Captain, Henry C. Mansfield; 1st Lieutenant, Frank Ricken ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Thomas Williamson.
Colonel Nevius entered the service as Captain of " Co. D," in the
11th, when it enlisted in the three months' service, his commission
bearing date May 14, 1861. When the regiment enlisted for three
years he was chosen Major and commissioned July 30, 1861. In
the changes following the promotions of Colonel W. H. L. Wallace
and T. E. G. Ransom, he became Lieutenant-Colonel, his commis-
7
98 PATRIOTISM 01 ILLINOIS.
sion bearing date February ]•">, 1862. Upon the promotion of Colo-
nel Ransom to Brigadier-General, November 29,1863, he became
Colonel of the regiment.
He was a brave, competent commander, and maintained the morale
tlir lltli had acquired under Wallace and Ransom.
In the fearful assault of May 22d, when Ransom led his brigade,
the 116th, 1 lili, 95th ami 72d Illinois against the defences of Vicks-
burg [ see Vol. I., pp. 468-9 ], where that brigade won deathless
fame, when Humphrey went down stunned, where Wright was mor-
tally wounded, Colonel Nevius was killed, and no truer patriot or
braver soldier went down in that terrific charge.
His remains were borne to Rockford and buried, June 4, 1863.
The last letter he is known to have written to a Rockford friend,
said : " I am not afraid of death — I may fall at any moment on the
field of battle. I think I am ready to meet my fate if such it should
be."
TWELFm ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 12th regiment was mustered into the three months' service at
Springfield, May 2, 1861, and was one of the six regiments organized
under the call for 75,000 troops. Its original roster was as follows:
Colonel, John McArthur; Lieutenant-Colonel, Aug. L. Chetlain ; Major, Wra. D
Williams.
Co. A — Captain, Joseph Kellogg; 1st Lieutenant, John Noyes, jr. ; 2d Lieutenant,
Arthur C. Ducat.
Co. B — Captain Phineas B. Rust ; 1st Lieutenant, Tyler Hale; 2d Lieutenant,
Henry Stephenson.
Co. C — Captain, Samuel Frazier; 1st Lieutenant, William Maum ; 2d Lioutenant,
Joseph Kirkland.
Co. B — Captain, Wm. D. Williams; 1st Lieutenant, Bavid Benson; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Quincy McNeill.
Co. E — Captain, Vincent Ridgely ; 1st Lieutenant, John W. Fisher; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Nathaniel Sanford.
Co. F — Captain, Lucies M. Rose ; 1st Lieutenant, Wallace Campbell; 2d Lieuten-
ant, J. Bates Bickson.
Co. G — Captain, ('has. H. Brookins ; 1st Lieutenant, S. B. Whetmore ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Guy C. Ward.
Co. H — Captain, Wm. T. Swain; 1st Lieutenant, Thompson Gordon; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John M. Mills.
Co. I — Captain, Frank B. Ferris; 1st Lieutenant, Geo. L. Paddock; 2d Lieuten-
ant, G. Gilbert Gibon.
THE TWELFTH INFANTRY. 99
Co. K — Captain, Jas. R. Hugunin ; 1st Lieutenant, Wm. E. Waite ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Eben Bacon.
When re-mustered into the three years' service, the roster was as
follows :
Colonel, John McArthur ; Lieutenant-Colonel, A. L. Chetlain ; Major, Wm. D.
Williams; Adjutant, J. Bates Dickson; Quartermaster, S. R. Wetmore ; Surgeon,
Horace Wardner ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, James H. Ferris ; 2d Assistant Surgeon,
Wm. II. Newell ; Chaplain, Joel Grant.
Co. A — Captain, Arthur C. Ducat ; 1st Lieutenant, William Fisher ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Duncan McLean.
Co. B — Captain, John Tyler Hale ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry S. Stephenson ; 2d
Lieutenant, Justin D. Towner.
Co. C — Captain, Wm. J. Allen ; 1st Lieutenant, Rob't V. Chesley ; 2d Lieutenant
David Jones.
Co. D — Captain, Robert H. Lackey; 1st Lieutenant, Robert Koehlor; 2d Lieu
tenant, Wm. F. Jobe.
Co. E — Captain, Vincent Ridgely ; 1st Lieutenant, John W. Fisher ; 2d Lieuten'
ant, Henry V. Sellar.
Co. F — Captain, Wallace Campbell; 1st Lieutenant, J. Bates Dickson; 2d Lieu
tenant, Nicholas Roth.
Co. G — Captain, Guy C. Ward ; 1st Lieutenant, J. M. McArthur ; 2d Lieutenant
John F. Watkins.
Co. H — Captain, Wm. T. Swain ; 1st Lieutenant, John M. Mills ; 2d Lieutenant
W. S. Merriman.
Co. I — Captain, Frank B. Ferris ; 1st Lieutenant, Geo. L. Paddock ; 2d Lieuten
ant, Wm. D. Mills.
Co. K — Captain, Jas. R. Hugunin ; 1st Lieutenant, Wm. E. Waite ; 2d Lieuten
ant, Eben Bacon.
On the 10th of May, 1861, the regiment left for Cairo, from whence
it was sent to Cape Girardeau, to reinforce the troops at that point.
It was afterward sent on an expedition through the country surround-
ing Belmont, Missouri, but failed to discover any armed rebels. It
afterward went down the river to Columbus, where could be distinctly
heard the firing of the guns at the battle of Belmont. It was
intended to advance on Belmont the next morning, but the retreat
of our army prevented it. It was next engaged in a " reconnoissance
in force " to Fort Henry, and afterward took part in the battles at
that place and at Fort Donelson. From the latter place the regiment
was sent to Clarksville, Tennessee, and from thence to Nashville,
being among the first Union troops to occupy the latter city. It bore
an honorable and active part in the battle of Shiloh, where it lost
100 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
i<)!> killed and wounded and seven missing. Then came the siege of
Corinth, in wliicli the L2th was engaged. After Corinth had been
evacuated, the 1 2th and other regiments pursued the rebels to Boone-
ville, Mississippi It was present at the battle of [uka, but took no
part in it, being held Ln reserve J) next engaged in the battle of
Corinth, where it suffered severely. Itthen lay al Corinth, on guard
duty, until June 6, 18G3, when it was sent to Pocahontas to guard
important bridges. On the 29th of October, the left wing of the
16th army corps was transferred to the 15th corps, under General
Sherman. This regiment was engaged in a raid to Lauderdale,
Alabama, where our troops destroyed a large cotton factory and
several hundred bales of cotton. The 12th arrived at Pulaski,
Tennessee, November 12th, and remained there until the 25th, when
it again engaged in guarding railroad bridges. On the 14th of
January, 18G4, 311men and 24 officers of the regiment re-enlisted as
veterans and were mustered into the service, and ordered home on
furlough. The regiment rendezvoused at camp Fry, Chicago, and
remained there, recruiting, until March 28th, when it was sent to
Pulaski, Tennessee. It was engaged in the engagements at Lay's
Ferry and Rome Cross Roads, Georgia, and assisted in repulsing a
heavy night attack of the rebels at Dallas. It was slightly engaged
at the battle of Kenesaw Mountain. It was also engaged at Nico-
]ack Creek and Decatur. On the 28th of July it was engaged at
Ezra Church. It took part in the siege of Atlanta, losing nearly
forty men killed and wounded. At the battle of Allatoona, Octo-
ber 5th, it lost more than one third of the men it took into action.
On the 11th of November it started on the inarch to the sea, and
took a part in the Carolina campaign which followed it. It arrived
at Raleigh, North Carolina, April 14, 1865, and at "Washington on
the 24th, where it passed in the grand review before the President.
It was then sent to Louisville, and from there, July 10th, to Spring-
field, when it was mustered out and paid off.
CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE BATTERY.
The Chicago Board of Trade Battery was raised in July, 1862,
by the organization whose name it bears. From the opening of its
rolls until the company was full was only thirty-six hours. On the
BOARD OF TRADE BATTERY. 101
31st of July it was mustered into the service, with the following
roster :
Captain, James H. Stokes ; Sen. 1st Lieutenant, George I. Kobinson ; Jun. 1st
Lieutenant, Albert F. Baxter ; Sen. 2d Lieutenant, Trumbull D. Griffin ; Jun. 2d
Lieutenant, Henry Bennett.
On the 9th of September, 1862, the battery left Chicago for Louis-
ville, whence it participated in the expedition which resulted in driv-
ing Bragg from Kentucky. It went as far as Crab Orchard, and
then returned to Bowling Green. At its own solicitation it was
sent to Nashville, arriving there about the 1st of December. During
the next campaign it participated in the battle of Stone River,
firing, during the first day of the battle, nearly two thousand
rounds of ammunition. In June, 1863, it moved with the army
in the campaign in which Bragg was driven from Tennessee,
at Elk river, taking part in its principal skirmish on that
campaign. At Chickamauga the battery occupied the extreme
right of the line. On Saturday morning it was forty -five miles from
the scene of action, and arrived there on Sunday afternoon, having
to drive the enemy ten miles to get into position. In the Cumber-
land Mountains, after the battle of Chickamauga, it passed through
one of those scenes of suffering with which many of our Illinois
organizations became so familiar. For four weeks the men were
without rations, except corn obtained from the enemy. This was
made into meal by rubbing over a grater extemporized by punching
holes through the bottom of a tin pan. And this was borne, too,
while they were suffering from lack of clothing and shelter ; and it
was borne cheerfully and even gaily, for the salvation of the country
the brave boys loved so well. At McMinnville and Farmington the
battery was particularly distinguished for gallantry. In the spring
of 1864, it moved from its winter quarters, at Huntsville, to Nash-
ville, to refit and re-organize, after which it took part in the Atlanta
campaign. When General Sherman cut loose from Atlanta, the bat-
tery returned to Nashville, joining Thomas' command, participating
in the battle of Nashville, and afterward went into camp at East-
port, Miss. In the spring of 1 865 it took part in the successes at
Selma, Montgomery, Columbus and Macon. It arrived in Chicago
on the 26th of June, for final discharge.
102 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
BRIDGES' BATTERY.
In Vol. I. | ]>. 420 et *"/■]• we have given the record of Battery B
(Bridges' Battery), 1st Illinois Lighl Artillery, to January l, 18G5.
From that date it had but little active Bervioe, and arrived in Chicago
on the 27th of June for final muster and discharge, having shared
in the greater part of the important campaigns and battles in
the West, and won for its officers and members imperishable renown.
Captain Bridges was promoted to Major, and subsequently was bre-
vetted Lieutenant-Colonel for gallant and meritorious conduct.
CHAPTER V.
CHATTANOOGA— LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN— MISSION RIDGE— KNOXVILLE.
Disasters Retrieved — Situation of the Armies — Rosecrans Reinforced by Hooker
— Grant in Command — Thomas Supersedes Rosecrans — Burnside Takes Knox-
ville — Is Besieged by Longstreet — Union Peril — Sherman Sends Osterhaus —
Ordered to Take His Whole Army — Its March — Sherman Placed in Command
of Department of tils Tennessee — McPherson and Hurlbut — Sherman Ordered
On — Goes — Hooker's Assault on Lookout — Capture — Knoxyille — Plan for
Battle — Pontoons — Our Army — Orchard Knob — Sherman's Position — Corse
Opens the Battle — Loomis — Sherman's Forces Hard Pressed — Granger's Ad-
vance— Grant and Thomas — Up the Ridge — Victory — The Dead — Wounded —
Lincoln's Letter — Illinois Men — Grant's Order of Congratulation — Pursuit —
Ringgold — Burnside Relieved — Campaign Ended.
THE indecisive results of Chickamauga were to be redeemed ;
its disasters retrieved, its reproach rolled away. The soldiers
of the West, with the leader of Shiloh, and the conqueror of Vicks-
burg again at their head, were to achieve such a triumph as should
ring around the world. In the armies of Sherman and Thomas,
were the gallant " Illini " by thousands. Sun-burnt, hard-handed
veterans, familiar with battle thunder, they were there on that moun-
tain ridge, this time, to break the backbone of the rebellion.
Briefly, the situation was the following : Rosecrans was at Chat-
tanooga receiving reinforcements, the flanks of his army resting on
the Tennessee above and below the place. The rebel sharp-shoot-
ers cut off communication by way of Bridgeport on the south bank,
compelling the hauling of supplies sixty miles over almost impassa-
ble roads. A bold rebel raid damaged the railway between Steven-
son and Nashville, and captured the train of the 14th Corps. It
became a question whether starvation would not compel the evacua-
tion of Chattanooga, which would be virtually abandoning, all that
had been won in the valley of the Mississippi.
104 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Bragg remained strangely quiet. If he had won the brilliant vic-
tory claimed in his dispatches, why did ho fail to improve it; to
hurl his force upon the shattered columns of the Union army, cap-
ture Chattanooga, and again hold the key of East Tennessee? Two
days after the battle, a war-council of the Confederates chieftains
agreed thai there should he a grand movement toward Knoxville.
The generals under Bragg were making preparations accordingly,
when he announced another plan and sat down three weeks before
the tripple lines of Chattanooga.
Rosecrans worked with energy, strengthening defences, and
accumulating supplies. On the 23d of September the 11th and 12th
Corps of the Army of the Potomac advanced. Hooker was sent to
his relief increasing the fighting force and multiplying the number
to be fed.
In the meantime Major-General Grant was placed in command;
Thomas superseded Rosecrans who took leave of his army on the
19th of October. On the 18th Grant issued the following:
"Head-Quarters Military Division of the Mississippi,)
"Louisville, Kentucky, October 18, 1863. )
" [ General Orders, No. 1.]
"In compliance with General Orders, No. 337, of date "Washington, D. C, Octo-
ber 16, 1863, the undersigned hereby assumes command of the Military Division of
the Mississippi, embracing the Departments of the Ohio, of the Cumberland, and of
the Tennessee.
"The Head-quarters of the Military Division of the Mississippi will be in the
field, where all reports and returns required by army regulations and existing orders
will be made.
"U. S. Grant, Major-General."
He telegraphed Thomas to hold Chattanooga if he starved, and the
grim veteran answered that he would and he did, with starvation
perilously near. General W. T. Sherman was placed in command of
the Department of the Tennessee.
During the summer General Burnside planned an attack upon
Knoxville. In August he began his advance, and moved with such
caution and celerity as to throw the rebel forces into a panic and thus
entered the town, September 1st, amid the joyful tears, and jubilant
shoutings of the Union citizens. The rebel garrison at Cumberland
Gap, 2000 strong, surrendered on the 9th of September and Burnside
thus occupied the East Tennessee Railroad as far as Morristown. A
SHERMAN ORDERED TO CHATTANOOGA. 105
strong force moved toward Chattanooga, and a junction with Rose-
crans was expected, when that General was ordered in his defenses,
and it was evident that his own position was fraught with peril for
Bragg detached Longstreet to besiege him, and thus it was confi-
dentially expected by the rebels that from Chattanooga and Knoxville,
our brave men would be driven back to the Ohio. It was a dark day.
Grant's appointment restored heart and hope. Before he had been
placed in command he ordered Sherman to send from Big Black a di-
vision to the aid of Rosecrans. The order reached Sherman on the 22d
of September. At four P. M. Osterhaus was on the war path towards
Vicksburg twenty miles away, and the next day with his division
was steaming toward Memphis. On the 23d Sherman was ordered
to follow with his entire command. Four days later he was on the
river but the ascent was tedious. Fuel was gone, and his soldiers
were compelled to procure rails and haul wood from the interior to
keep the engine in motion. He reached Memphis early in October.
Here he received orders from Halleck to go to Athens, Alabama,
repairing the railway as he marched and to secure his own supplies.
He began and worked details day and night, until he found it ne-
cessary to move upon the highways and clear his way, which he did.
Blair drove the enemy from the front and entered Tuscumbia Oc-
tober 27 th.
On the 25th Sherman received the order placing him in command
of the Department of the Tennessee, and from Iuka issued an order
placing the brave Mc Pherson in command with full authority at
Vicksburg, and the heroic Hurlbut in West Tennessee.
On the 27th a messenger from Grant, who had floated down the
Tennessee over the Muscle Shoals, came to Sherman's head-quar-
ters with this sententious order.
"Drop all work on the railroad east of Bear Creek. Put your command toward
Bridgeport till you meet orders."
The order of march was reversed, and headed for Eastport, the
only practicable crossing of the Tennessee. On gunboats and a
coal-barge he commenced the crossing, expedited, by the arrival on
the 31st, of a ferry-boat. Onward, through thickening difficulties,
that indomitable will pressed his brave men. On the night of the
13th he reached Bridgeport and reported by telegraph to Grant, was
10G PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
summoned by him lo his head-quarters; took boat, and on the morn-
ing of November 15th was at Chattanooga, his men coming forward.
Others were active. When Grant arrived at Chattanooga, matters
were gloomy enough. General Thomas had studied the situation
and these able chieftains saw where advantage could be gained.
Hooker, who held the right at Bridgeport, was ordered to cross the
Tennessee and assail the rebel left-flank. A force under General
Hazen crossed at Brown's Ferry, below, where pontoons had been
laid by General W. F. Smith, and commenced the ascent of Lookout
Mountain. By this movement the rebel retreat was eut off, and his
forces compelled to march up the valley toward Trenton, Georgia,
about twenty miles, before joining Bragg's main army. Hooker
crossed at Bridgeport and the forces united at Brown's Ferry. In a
drizzly, foggy atmosphere the march was made. The rugged sides
frowned defiance, but in spite a storm of leaden hail, upward and
still upward pressed the resistless column, until it passed into and
above the low clouds. Below, our leaders, Grant and Thomas
watched and waited the result, but at length the clouds rifted and it
was seen that Hooker was carrying the rebel works, and that in his
victory, so gloriously won, the first success of the campaign was
achieved. Communication was opened with Chattanooga, and the
river cleared between Thomas and the Nashville railroad. Steam-
ers brought up supplies and full rations succeeded scanty food.
Burnside was holding Knoxville, and had a succession of sharp
contests wiih the enemy under Longsti-eet, aided by some of the
ablest of the Confederate generals, and by falling back, and again
renewing the contest with desperation, drew Longstreet away from
Bragg and held him pounding fruitlessly at the defenses of Knox-
ville, as Grant desired him. Meanwhile preparations proceeded to
repay Chickamauga.
Sherman's army came to the Tennessee, by Fayetteville to Bridge-
port. He was to cross, effect a lodgment on the. end of Missionary
Ridge, and with a part of his force act against Lookout Mountain,
near Trenton. Ewing's division was to make the demonstration
upon Lookout, but was to be ready to march rapidly on Chattanooga.
Sherman rowed in a small open boat from Kelly's to Bridgeport, and
1 put his force in motion, and at Hooker's head-quarters on the 20th,
ORDERING THE BATTLE. 107
received Grant's orders for an attack the next day. But only Gene-
ral John E. Smith's division, the 3d, was in position ; the 1st, under
Osterhaus, and the 2d, under Morgan L. Smith, were slowly, and
footsore, coming over a wretched road from Shell-Mound to Chatta-
nooga, and Ewing's, the 4th, had not left Trenton.
Morgan L. Smith's crossed the bridge at Brown's Ferry on the
21st, Ewing reached it the same day, but it was so broken he could
not complete his crossing until the 23d. Again it broke, and
Osterhaus was not over, but Sherman proposed to go into action
with the three divisions with him, supported by Jeif. C. Davis' divi-
sion of the 14th Ai-my Corps, leaving Osterhaus to co-operate with
Hooker against Lookout. Pontoon boats were silently carried, under
the shelter of hills and woods, to the North Chickamauga, manned,
and at midnight silently floated below the mouth, our men capturing
the pickets along the banks, and taking a position on the left bank of
the Tennessee, sending the boats across for reinforcements. M. L.
Smith's division was rapidly ferried over, and by daybreak of the
24th the two divisions of Morgan L. and John E. Smith, numbering
8,000 men, were across the Tennessee, and had thrown up a line of
rifle-pits to protect the crossing. A substantial pontoon bridge was
laid, and soon three divisions were on the left bank, and Jeff. C.
Davis declared his command ready to take Missionary Ridge.
Grant now had his forces well in hand. Above was Sherman
with his Western boys, below Hooker with his battle-tested veterans,
and Thomas, eager to avenge Chickamauga was in front of Chatta-
nooga.
Bragg had requested Grant to remove all non-combatants, as he
was about to bombard Chattanooga. He was astounded on the
morning of the 25th to find Sherman's army on his right. Hooker
made his successful demonstration on Lookout Mountain, and the
army had shouted his victory. On the 23d an unusual movement
was observed in the rebel camps, and orders were given for a division
of the Fourth Corps to make a reconnoissance in the direction of
Orchard Knob. Wood's division was selected, to be supported by
Sheridan's. Forming his men on the slope, outside of the fortifi-
cations, Wood advanced rapidly, made his reconnoissance a storm-
ing party, carried the Knob and the adjacent works at the point of
108 PATRIOTISM 01 Illinois.
the bayonet, and made the interior line of rebel works untenable.
So rapid and sweeping \\ as the advance, thai only about, two hundred
were killed and wounded. An important position was gained and
the 28th Alabama, with its colors, captured. General Wood was
ordered to hold the position. The night of the 28d was a busy one.
Before the dawn of the 24th, the intrenchments were reversed,
strengthened and made impregnable. Bragg, awaking from his
dream of easy victory, was startled to find Sherman on his right,
Hooker on his left, and before him the " Rock of Chickamauga."
But he still had faith in the impregnable sides and inaccessible
bights of Missionary Ridge.
Between Sherman and the hill was a deep valley, how deep he
did not know, but the steep hill beyond was covered with trees, and
across the top a breast-work of logs and earth, thick with rebel
soldiers. The narrow path leading to it was enfiladed by two guns.
Behind, a still higher hill bristled with guns, placed to throw a
plunging fire on the first, if taken.
Colonel Bowman says: "The brigades of Colonel Cocherill of
Ewing's division, Colonel Alexander of John E. Smith's and Gene-
ral Lightburn of Morgan L. Smith's wore to bold their hill as the
key point; General Corse, with as much of his brigade of Ewing's
division as could operate along the narrow ridge was to attack from
the right center; General Lightburn was to dispatch a regiment
from his division to co-operate with General Corse, and General
Morgan L. Smith was to move along the eastera base of Missionary
Ridge, connecting with General Corse and Colonel Loomis of
Ewing's division, in like manner to move along the west base, sup-
ported by Mathias and Baum's brigades of John E. Smith's division
in reserve."
The sun arose red and lurid, and Corse ordered the advance.
The Fortieth Illinois, with two Ohio regiments moved down into the
valley and steadily up the hill-side held by the foe. It moved onward
within eighty yards of the entrenchment, where Corse found a crest
on which he halted, called his reserve and asked reinforcements, which
came. His crowded ground was swept by musketry and artillery,
and the approach to the entrenchment was through a sea of fire, and
for an hour, the battle for that crest was fearful. Fortune was vary-
THE LEFT AND THE CENTER. 109
ing, but the position taken by Corse was never yielded. Morgan L.
Smith gained on the left spur of the Ridge, while Loomis pushed
with unfaltering courage, his way until opposite the tunnel and rail-
way embankment, and by concentrating upon his command a portion
of the enemy's fire, relieved in part the assaulting column.
Bragg hurled his forces against our column, but Corse held his
ground until about 10 A. M., when he was severely wounded and
borne from the field, the command devolving upon Colonel Wolcott
of Ohio, who gallantly held the position and continued to advance.
On the right, Loomis fought his way. There was a temporary fall-
ing back of two of John E. Smith's reserve brigades, causing a
report that Sherman's left had been repulsed. Sherman awaited
with some anxiety the moving of Thomas on the center. Grant
kept watch of the contest, but held the troops of Thomas as in a vice.
Sherman says, " column after column of the enemy was streaming
toward me ; gun after gun poured its concentric shot on us from
every hill and spur that gave a view of any part of the ground."
Hooker moved along the Rossville road to assail the rebel left and
his appearance moving north on the ridge was to be the signal for
the assault of the Center. And thus, until three P. M. Sherman
fought alone, and it was evident that his weared troops could
not abide much longer the fearful strain upon their endurance.
Hooker's detention was occasioned by the necessity of building a
bridge. Grant learned that he was coming, and seeing the rebel
center weakened gave orders to Thomas to advance. The division
of Granger's Corps, upon the signal of six guns was to cross the
wooded valley between Orchard Knob and Mission Ridge and carry
the intrenched lines at the base of the Ridge, and then halt,
under the belief that the Ridge was too formidable to be carried. It
is a bold rugged hight, towering 800 feet above Chattanooga, and
was crowned with a skillfully constructed line of defensive works brist-
ling with veteran-bayonets and buttressed with famed batteries.
Sherman saw the white line of smoke and knew the wearily
waited movement was made.
Onward rushed the heroes of the army of the Cumberland —
through shot and shell they gained the pits and swept them clear.
Bragg appears not to have suspected that men would be mad enough
110 PATRIOTISM Or ILLINOIS.
to attempt to eliinl> that bold ascent, ragged, steep, and with a fire like
the lava-streams of Vesuvius rolling over its rocky side But they
did. Granger led his men to the mountain side and with shouts they
began to olimb — to climb in a cataract of fire. Upward — upward,
they bore their torn banners. Grant and Thomas stood side by
side at Orchard Knob. The latter exclaimed "I fear, General, they
will never reach the top." Only puffing the smoke of his cigar, the
hero of Vicksburg quietly said " Give 'em time, General, give 'em
time." By sunset they had planted their standards on the crest of
the Ridge, the enemy was defeated and his Gibraltar carried! No
wonder that catching the afar-off shouts of Grangei-'s men, those in
the valley responded with such cheers as only strong-lunged soldiers
can give.
The enemy was soon in full retreat. All the succeeding day pur-
suit was made, and more than seven thousand prisoners, and forty-
seven guns were captured. Among the brave men of Sherman's
command, who fell on that field of honor, were Colonel Putnam of
the 93d Illinois, Colonel O'Meara of the 90th Illinois and Major
Bushnell of the 13th Illinois, while among the wounded were Colo-
nel Raum, 56th, Lieutenant- Colonel Patridge, 13th, and Major A. P.
Welch of the 56th.
Colonels J. M. Loomis of the 26th and Raum of the 56th were
recommended by Sherman for promotion as Brigadier-Generals, for
gallantry and competency.
Bragg had been beaten. The best army of the rebellion, save
Lee's, had been broken ; the most difficult positions had been taken ;
the Tennessee was our own, and the gateway into the South a\:is
open. President Lincoln wrote thus to Grant:
"Washington, December 8th.
" Major- General Grant :
"Understanding that your lodgment at Chattanooga and Knoxville is now secure,
I wish to tender you, and all under your command, my more than thanks — my pro-
foundest gratitude — for the skill, courage and perseverance with which you and they,
over so great difficulties, have effected that important object. God bless you all !
"A Lincoln."
Here, as elsewhere in the battle-fields of the west, Illinois blood,
was shed like water. The shouts of victory upon its prairies were
mingled with many a sob of bereavement. Its soldiers were present
RESULTS OF MISSION RIDGE. Ill
in great numbers, and never were they more willing to assume the
post of honor and peril.
They were among the first to lead Sherman's advance, and among
the first to surmount the crest of the Ridge. Captain Guthrie of
the 19th Illinois, captured with his own hand a brave rebel Brigadier.
We cannot specify their deeds of daring. It is enough that the
record of Illinois on November 25, 1863, was one of the most glori-
ous it has made during the war for the Union.
Grant — the former Colonel of the 21st Illinois, thus addressed the
army :
" The General commanding thanks you individually and collectively. The loyal
people of the United States thank and bless you. Their hopes and prayers for your
success against this unholy rebellion are with you daily. Their faith in you will not
be in vain. Their hopes will not be blasted. Their prayers to Almighty God will be
answered. You will yet go to other fields of strife, and with invincible bravery and
unflinching loyalty to justice and right, which have characterized you in the past,
you will prove that no enemy can withstand you, and that no defense, however
formidable, can check your onward march."
His name was spoken throughout the land. Congress voted him
a gold medal, and soon after, reviving the grade of Lieutenant-Gene-
ral, his name was sent in by the President and he was confirmed.
Bragg was chased to Dalton. A stand was made and a despe-
rate show of resistance opposed to Hooker at Ringgold, but his
impetuous bravery made it unavailing, and the enemy was compelled
to fly. Again our victory was complete. Sherman and Howard
pushed for the railroad and cut it up.
Grant could have marched his army to Atlanta, or anywhere else,
but Burnside was sorely pressed in Knoxville, and must be relieved.
General Granger, who was designated to march to his assistance,
did not march with energy, and Sherman was assigned the work.
True his men had traveled from "Big Black" to Chattanooga, and
without rest had gone into the battle of the 25th, true they had
been active in pursuit of Bragg and were without tents, comfortable
clothing or supplies, but Burnside was in Knoxville with 12,000
fellow soldiers, and that was enough. With rapid marches they
went forward, and found that Longstreet, hearing of Bragg' s defeat,
and anticipating the approach of our troops, had raised the siege and
was in full retreat. Sherman's cavalry reached Knoxville Dec. 3d.
112 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
This virtually closed the Union campaigns of 18C3, for only the
attack upon Charleston was subsequently of general interest. Bad
General Grant's 'hiring plan of the assault upon the rocky hights of
Lookout and Missionary Ridge failed, the consequences had been
most disastrous. It was fraught with peril, but was a stupendous
success. It saved our cause.
CHAPTER VI.
THE RED RIVER EXPEDITION— MISSOURI.
Great Expectations — Sabine Pass — Loss — McPherson's District — The Invincible
Armada — De Russy — Grand Advance — Ransom's Advice — Disastrous Engage-
ment near Mansfield — Heavy Sacrifice — Pleasant Hill — Smith's Charge —
Rebels give Back — Summing Up — Retreat — Grand Ecore — Through the Dam —
Steele's Army — Retreats on Little Rock — Sabine Crossings — Rosecrans in
Missouri — Hundred Day Regiments — Pleasanton's Command — Price Escapes —
Union City — Colonel Hicks at Paducah — Fort Pillow — North Carolina.
GREAT results were anticipated from an expedition under Gen-
eral Banks. After the fall of Vicksburg he had been reinforced
from the troops under General Grant, and every facility was afforded
by the government to enable him to strike a severe blow destined to
be a costly and disastrous campaign, losing heavily, gaining lightly.
In September, 1863, General Banks was ordered to lead an expe-
dition against Sabine Pass. It was to be a combined land and
naval attack — General Franklin with 400 men, and Lieutenant
Crocker with four steamers, transports, &c. On the 8th, the attack
was made by the naval force and failed, losing the steamers, Clifton
and Sachem. The expedition returned to Brashear City. General
Franklin had his headquarters at New Iberia. " The Nineteenth
Army Corps under the immediate command of General Weitzel,
had crossed and camped at Berwick. The Thirteenth (formerly
Mc demand's) followed, leaving sufficient force to hold the base at
Brashear."
There was some sign of activity in McPherson's district. In
October, a rebel force of infantry and horse, numbering about 2,500,
were seen on the east side of the Big Black, and continued a series
of feints and threatened advances, sometimes approaching closely
8
114 PATBIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
to our lines. McPherson concluded they were ;i blind to more impor-
taut operations farther interior, and, on the 14tli, ordered Logan's
ami Tuttle's divisions of the Seventeenth Army Corps, to make a
demonstration. They marched sixteen miles and encamped at
Big Black. By daylight, the cavalry advance had crossed the River
at Mi ssenger's Ferry, closely followed by Logan, with Tuttlc in the
reai-. At noon our cavalry was at Brownsville, which the infantry
reached at 3 P. M. The next day, Logan's advance met a part of
Wirt Adam's confederate cavalry strongly supported by a battery in
the timber at the right of the road. McPherson sent forward
Maltby's brigade of Logan's division, and two pieces of artillery,
Avhile our cavalry dismounting and advancing through the timber,
deployed as skirmishers and a sharp contest began. The rest of
Logaifs division coming up by the Canton road, confronted Whit-
field's brigade of cavalry and artillery, mostly Texas roughs of fight-
ing celebrity. They commanded the road. There was spirited
skirmishing. Night came on, and daylight showed that rebel rein-
forcements had come up, and McPherson returned to Vicksburg.
General Banks had succeeded in occupying the coast of Texas;,
to within one hundred miles of Galveston, and early in 1804 a grand
expedition was projected. Another "Invincible Aramada" was set
afloat. Dick Taylor was to be swept from Louisiana, Magruder
from Texas, and Price from Arkansas. A grand fleet under
Admiral Porter, was to ascend Red River to Shreveport, Steele was
to sweep down from Little Rock, Arkansas, and unite with Banks
at Shreveport, while another column should move from Brownsville.
There were twenty heavily armed steamers of various draught,1*
including monitors Ozark, Osage and Neosho ; iron-clad gunboats
Benton, Carondelet, Pittsburg, Mound City, Louisville, Essex and
Chillicothe, and the rams Price, Choctaw and Lafayette. General
A. J. Smith embarked 10,000 men at Vicksburg, including the la*,
and 3d divisions of the Sixteenth Army Corps, and the 1st and 4th
divisions of the Seventeenth. The following afternoon the trans-
ports joined the fleet, and on the 12th the Aramada moved up the
old Red River into the Atchafalaya, and in the afternoon came to
anchor at Semmesport, an old town burned by the Ellett's.
The appearance of our gunboats caused the abandonment of two
FORT DE RUSSY — RANSOM. 115
partly completed earthworks. Smith having landed a part of his
forces, headed them toward Fort De Russy, a rebel strong-hold,
thirty miles distant. The enemy's cavalry swarmed about them,
striking them at every opportunity. The fort was a strong quad-
rangular work, with bastions and bomb-proofs, covered with rail-
road iron, with a strong water-battery, having casemates capable
of defying Federal guns and artillery, commanding the river above
and below. Dick Taylor marched the main body of his troops out
to give battle to our forces, who, by an adroit movement, placed them-
selves on his interior line and pushed straight for De Russy. Taylor,
angry beyond endurance, pressed after them, but they reached it in
advance, and compelled the garrison to surrender and thus render-
ing futile a year's hard work of rebel engineering. General Smith
destroyed the guns.
The Armada passed on, occupying Alexandria on the 16th, the
army entering on the lVth. Eighty miles beyond was Natchitoches,
and that was occupied on the 21st. Thus far all had gone well.
On the 26th, General Smith left Alexandria with the advance for
Shreveport, the objective point of the expedition. On the 4th of
April, General Banks reached Natchitoches in person, remaining
two days, moving on the 6th with General Lee's cavalry in advance.
On the 7th, Lee came — was compelled to maintain a constant skir-
mish as he advanced, until he passed Pleasant Hill, whei'e he came
upon the main body of the rebel cavalry under Maj or- General
Green. Colonel Robinson commanded the Union cavalry advance
of live thousand sabers, and engaged Green until the latter fell back
upon the infantry and artillery at Bayou du Paul. Colonel Robin-
son halted and awaited reinforcements, his weary men sleeping on
their arms. Morning came and he was joined by an infantry
brigade of the old 13th under Colonel Landrum, and he again
advanced, the enemy falling back seven miles. Here was the main
rebel force, massed in strength at a strong position in the vicinity of
Sabine Cross Roads, east of Mansfield. And now it was seen that
the wily foe had drawn our forces into almost inevitable disaster.
Banks had arrived with Ransom, who with two divisions of the 13th
Army Corps, came on the field on the 8th. Ransom's keen eye took
in the situation, and he earnestly counseled against attack until the
1 L6 PATEI0TI8M OF ILLINOIS.
Nineteenth Corps under Franklin, and Smith with his Vicksburg
veterans of the 10th and 17th Army Corps, ye1 twenty miles distant,
should arrive. That advice followed, had averted disaster, but it
was over-ruled, and while orders were sent to General Franklin to
hurry forward, an advance was ordered.
The enemy were ready. Major-General Dick Taylor was in com-
mand. General Green commanded the left, General Mouton the
right with Walker's division and two cavalry regiments still farther
to the extreme right. A strong force, wedged-shape, was concealed
in the woods. Our brave men were marched into the open base of
that wedge and directed to charge upon its apex. As they advanced
the wings of fire closed upon them, and on either flank and in front
rolled in the waves of flame. Ransom made heroic efforts to turn
defeat into victory, and to retrieve from disaster the terrible mistake
of his superior. He saw with anguish his brave companions in arms
mowed down, and did what man might to save the day. The cav-
alry was thrown into confusion ; the Chicago Mercantile Battery,
with Battery G, Regular Artillery, and Nim's Massachusetts Battery
were driven from their guns. Retreat was the order, and was fast
becoming a route, when Franklin came up with reinforcements, and
the panic was stayed. The six guns of the Chicago Mercantile Bat-
tery, two of Battery G, four of the 1st Indiana, six of Nim's and
two howitzers of the 6th Missouri were in rebel hands, and two
thousand brave men hors du combat.
The forces of General Smitb were known to have reached Pleasant
Hill, and there General Banks concentrated his forces, and on the
morning of tbe 9th awaited battle, on ground open and rolling,
ascending both from the village, and from the direction of the rebel
approach, while a belt of timber swept almost around it. On the right
was Smith with bis soldiers of the 16th and 1*7 th Corps, Franklin
held the left with the 19th. The 13th was in reserve. "Taylor's
Battery " was there — two guns in the rear of General Dwight's
(19th) brigade on the left, and four on an eminence to the left of the
road. General Emery's division was exposed to the first assault,
Colonel Lynch commanding his right brigade, Colonel Shaw the
left.
\ About 5 P. M. the enemy came on, and received a discharge of
PLEASANT HILL — RETREAT. 117
case shell from our batteries. They came forward grandly, and
Emery slowly retired, pressed back. Part of Taylor's guns were
captured, and the confident foe crowded up to the crest of the bill.
Suddenly Smith's men poured upon them a sweeping shower from
their batteries, and the infantry followed by round after round of
musketry at short range and rushed forward to the charge with
bayonets. It was not in rebel flesh and blood to withstand that ter-
rific reception and they gave back, and were driven. Taylor's guns
were recaptured with two of Nim's, and the Union army was for the
present saved, but saved at fearful cost. Three thousand men were
killed, wounded and missing, Ransom was wounded, never to recover.
Twenty guns and one hundred and thirty wagons with twelve hun-
dred horses and mules were lost. True we had captured Fort De-
Russy, Alexandria, Grand Ecore and Natchitoches, had opened
Red River, had captured three thousand bales of cotton, twenty-five
guns, and twenty-three hundred prisoners, principally trophies of the
navy, and had material for two colored regiments, but our brave
army was defeated, wounded and bleeding, the objective point of the
expedition must be abandoned and a line of suffering was to be
traversed.
The enemy hung upon our retreat, which, leaving our dead upon
the field, began on the 10th and continued until the troops reached
Alexandria.
Orders were sent to Commodore Porter to fall back to Grand Ecore,
but the river falling rapidly, rendered it almost impossible, and the
destruction of the fleet seemed inevitable, and with'it the destruction
of the army. Below the fleet were the falls, rocky, rapid, turbulent
and dangerous. Over this it was impossible for boats to pass. But
there was an escape. Providence had reserved the man. Lieuten-
ant-Colonel Bailey, acting engineer of the 19th Army Corps, pro-
posed constructing a series of tree dams, thus deepening a channel
over the falls and opening a door of escape. Thousands helped.
Trees were felled, stone barges were made, teams moved — all were
active, and yet, Commodore Porter says " not one in fifty believed
in the undertaking." The hour came ; in spite of an inopportune
breakage of the dam the Lexington drove through the narrow open-
ing and was greeted with cheers from thirty thousand soldiers. The
118
PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
frightened pilol of the Neosho blundered, but the vessel oame
through with slight damage, and the Hindman and Osage followed
Bafely. Then Bailey repaired and improved the dam, and on the 11th
the Mound City, the Carondelet, and Pittsburg came through, and
the day following, the Louisville, the Chillicothe and the Ozark and
the two tugs. The fl eel was saved, and on the 14th of May the
army, under the protection of the gunboats, commenced its retreat
from Alexandria, which it left in dames. On the 16th and 18th it
had severe fighting. On the 19th it placed its pontoons over the
Atchafalaya, which it crossed at Semmesport on the 20ih, and
marched toward the Mississippi. The next evening it was at Mor-
ganzia, and so ended General Banks' Red River expedition.
The rebels marched a strong force to crush General Steele, who
had marched from Little Rock, Arkansas, to join Banks at Shrevc-
port. Steele was confronted at Camden, but made a flank march
toward Washington, sending a detachment to secure Elkin's Ferry,
heading the main column southward, turning from his former course
almost at right angles.
His forces skirmished with Marmaduke and Shelby, and on the 3d
of April held both banks of the Little Missouri, crossing at Elkin's
Ferry. On the 4th he was assailed by Marmaduke and Cabell,
whom he repulsed, and entered Camden on the loth. Kirby Smith
reinforced the rebels, and Banks' defeat enabled Taylor to send
Smith help. Steele's supplies were cut off, Colonel Drake mortally
wounded, losing 2,000 prisoners captured, four guns, and two hun-
dred and forty wagons. Steele fell back, retreating with loss and
constant fighting on Little Rock. Here he could only stand on the
defensive while the enemy overrun the State, and organized a move-
ment on Missouri.
This State had been the Western battle-ground through the early
stages of the war and its kaleidoscopic fortunes wore not yet ended.
Late in September, 1863, the rebel General Cabell crossed, with
8,000 men, the Arkansas River cast of Fort Smith. He sent General
Shelby to join Coffrey at Crooked Prairie to make a destructive raid
into Southwestern Missouri. This force was met and routed Octo-
ber 12th at Booneville by the State militia, and its artillery captured.
General Ewing took up the pursuit and chased them to Pea Ridge,
where General McNeil took it up and drove them into Arkansas.
MISSOURI. 119
Steele assisted by Generals Solomon, Thayer, Rice and Ingleman
and Colonel Benton fought the rebel force sharply at Sabine Cross-
ings, losing some seven hundred, and inflicting a heavy loss npon
the foe, capturing three pieces of artillery. This secured Steele a
safe retreat into Little Rock, and temporarily relieved Missouri.
General Rosecrans assumed command in Missouri, relieving Gene-
ral Schofield. About the 21st of September, 1864, he learned that
Price, crossing the Arkansas with two divisions of cavalry and three
batteries of artillery, had joined Shelby to invade Missouri again
with some 14,000 veteran mounted men. He had about 6,500 men,
scattered in various posts. A portion of A. J. Smith's troops had
crossed the Missouri in June and defeated Marmaduke, and re-em-
barked for Memphis.
As Price set forward, Steele's forces came out of their defenses
and followed him. A. J. Smith was halted at Cairo, en route to
join the army of the Cumberland, and marched to confront Price,
who was marching for Jefferson City.
When Springfield was safe, General Sanborn went to reinforce
General McNeil at Rolla, while General Ewing defended Pilot Knob,
and ascertained on the 27th of September that the main force of
Price was in Southeastern Missouri. E wing's defense saved St. Louis,
then only covered by A. J. Smith's command, giving its militia
and citizens time to organize, and also the hundred day regiments
of Illinois time to arrive. These were the 132d, the 134th, 136th,
139th, 140th and 142d. They were but partially drilled, but soldiers
more ready for the conflict had never gone to the field. In the
central district, General Brown was in command at Jefferson City,
and was reinforced by Brigadier-General Fiske.
Price waited a few days at Richwood, and finding his way into
St. Louis arrested, and that not yet could he supply his ruffian hordes
from the stores of that city, marched for Jefferson City. By forced
marches McNeil and Sanborn arrived there, and with their cavalry
and artillery united with Brown and Fiske, and again the invaders
were thwarted.
General Pleasanton assumed command at Jefferson City on the
8th of October, and sent a strong force of cavalry under Sanborn to
follow up and harass the rebel force — keeping Price between our
120 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
force and the Missouri River. On the 22d of October Sanborn's
force routed General Pagan a1 Independence. On the 23d the Big
Blue was crossed and there was a sharp engagement with the main
rebel force, driving it beyond the Little Santa Fe. "On the 24th,
after a march of sixty miles, the enemy were overtaken at midnight
at Marias dea Cygnes. Skirmishing began at 4 A. M. on the 25th
with artillery, when the enemy were driven from the field with loss
of mules, horses, etc. They fell back skirmishing to the Little Osage
Crossing, when a charge was made upon two divisions of them by
two advanced brigades under Colonels Benton and Phillips, and
eight pieces of artillery and nearly one thousand prisoners, including
Generals Marmaduke and Cabell were captured. The pursuit was
kept up by Sanborn's brigade, with repeated and successful charges
to the Marmiton, whence the enemy fled under cover of night toward
Arkansas. Kansas troops and General Benton's brigade followed
rapidly, and on the 28th Sanborn reached Newtonia, where the
enemy made his last stand, in time to turn the tide of battle going
against General Blunt, thus giving the final blow to the invasion.
" The loss of the enemy was ten pieces of artillery, a large number
of small arms, nearly all his trains and plunder, and, beside his killed,
wounded and deserters, 1,958 prisoners."
There was general disappointment that Price's army was not
destroyed or captured, and General Rosecrans failed to retrieve in
Missouri his laurels which withered at Chickamauga.
Elsewhere were events worthy of note, some of which are men-
tioned here, to clear the way for the record of the grand events of
the closing campaigns of the war.
The rebel General Forrest moved on Union City March 23d and
summoned its commander, Colonel Hawkins, to surrender. In oppo-
sition to the wishes of his subordinates it was given up. General
Brayman marched from Cairo within six miles, when he heard of
the surrender and returned. Forrest next occupied Hickman and
with Buford's division marched against Paducah, which was held by
Colonel S. G. Hicks [see Vol. I., p. 325] of the 40th Illinois volun-
teers and 655 men. He retired into Fort Anderson and made a
defiant stand, assisted by gunboats Peosta and Paw Paw, under
Captain Shirk of the navy. Forrest sent the following note:
PADUCAH — FORT PILLOW. 121
" Head-Quarters Forrest's Cavalry Corps,)
Paducah, March 25, 1864. )
" To Colonel Hicks, Commanding Federal forces at Paducah :
" Having a force amply sufficient to carry your works and reduce the place, in
order to avoid the unnecessary effusion of blood, I demand a surrender of the fort
and troops with all the public stores. If you surrender you will be treated as
prisoners of war, but if I have to storm your works, you may expect no quarter.
"N. B. Forrest, Major-General Commanding."
To this summons from a greatly superior force Colonel Hicks made
the following reply, free from bravado, but dignified and high-toned :
"Head-Quarters, Post Paducah,)
" Paducah, Kt., March 25, 1864. j
" Major- General N. B. Forrest, Commanding Confederate forces :
"I have this moment received yours of this inst., in which you demand an uncon-
ditional surrender of forces under my command. I can answer that I have been
placed here by my Government to defend the post. In this, as well as all otber
orders from my superior officers, I feel it my duty as an honorable officer to obey,
and must, therefore, respectfully decline surrendering as you require.
" Very Respectfully,
" S. J. Hicks, Commanding Post."
The assault was ordered, twice made and repulsed. Forrest
occupied the town and made some captures, but retired leaving
Hicks uncaptured, with a loss of fourteen killed and forty-six
wounded.
On the 12th of April Forrest assaulted Fort Pillow, under Major
Booth. After a desperate resistance the fort was carried, and then
occurred the most disgraceful and inhuman butchery of the war.
Atrocities were committed scarcely equaled by Sepoys. The rebels
were infuriated at the presence and bravery of colored troops and
slaughter held high carnival. No special pleading can ever mitigate,
much less justify the atrocity of that wholesale massacre.
Columbus was summoned to surrender, but did not, and no assault
was made.
In North Carolina events of importance were transpiring, but
Illinois troops were not engaged, although General J. N. Palmer
was in command.
CHAPTER VII.
GENERAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL.
Change of Plan, not of Base — Governor Oglesry — Memoir — Extracts from
Inaugural — Adjutant-General Hatnie — Personal Sketch.
THE grand closing campaigns of the war were about to commence.
In obedience to the clearly expressed will of the people, Con-
gress revived the grade of "Lieutenant-General, " and the President
gave the act his approval, February 29, 1804, and placed Ulysses
S. Grant in command of the armies of the United States. This was
the beginning of the end. Summoning Sherman to his Counsel, the
plan of the two great campaigns was laid down. Independent, not
to say rival movements were to end, and the enemy was no longer to
have the opportunity to swing his armies, as upon a pivot, nor to
move upon interior lines and crush, at will, our armies. The policy
of the Lieutenant-General is best indicated in his own sententious
language :
" I therefore determined first, to use the greatest number of troops practicable
against the armed forces of the enemy, preventing him from using the same forces
at different seasons against first one and then another of our armies, and the possi-
bility of repose for refitting and producing necessary supplies for carrying on
resistance."
The " anaconda" of the earlier stages of the war was remembered,
but was no longer to be in a state of torpor, but lithe an 1 strangely
terrible. The armies East and West were to be one, and under one
mind. .Sherman, with the- brave veterans of the West, should go
against and thr< >ugh the army of Johnston ; Grant, himself, would go
with Meade and the army of the Potomac against Richmond;
' Sheridan should sweep the Shenandoah and Butler operate upon
'I J -IE,
GOVERNOR OGLESBY. 123
James River. Grant's eye ran over a battle-front of nearly 5,000
miles, from the Potomac to the Rio Grande. His preparations were
made, and soon the railways groaned under the movements of vast
bodies of men and supplies.
Before tracing these grand movements, especially those of Sherman
and his co-laborer, Thomas, brief space may be given to changes in
the State Government, which occurred before their close, and are
now introduced to avoid a break in the military narrative when the
date shall be reached.
Governor Yates declining a re-nomination as Governor, and becom-
ing a candidate for the United States' Senate, the people chose as
his successor
RICHARD JAMES OGLESBY.
He was born in Oldham County, Kentucky, July 25, 1824, was
orphaned by the death of both parents when but eight years of age,
in consequence of which his early education was much neglected,
for he attended school but twelve months before he was twelve
years of age, and not more than three months afterward. He
removed to Decatur, Illinois, in the spring of 1836; lived during
the year 1838 in Terre Haute, Indiana, returned to Illinois and
remained until the fall of 1840, when he returned to Oldham County,
Kentucky, to learn the carpenter's trade ; remained eighteen months,
returned to Illinois in the spring of 1842, worked at his trade and
at farming until the spring of 1844, when he commenced the
study ofLaw with Judge Silas W. Robins, at Springfield, Illinois ;
was licensed, as an attorney, in the fall of 1845, and commenced
practice in Sullivan, Moultrie County, Illinois.
He returned to Decatur in the spring of 1846, volunteered and
assisted in raising Company " C," 4th Regiment (Colonel E. D.
Baker), Illinois Volunteers in the Mexican war, of which he was
elected 1st Lieutenant — served twelve months — participated in the
siege of Vera Cruz, and commanded his company at the battle
of Cerro Gordo, where it lost twelve in killed and wounded out
of forty-one engaged. Returned to Decatur in 1847, and practiced
Law in '47 and '48. The winter of '48 and '49, he attended the Louis-
ville Law School, and received the diploma of the institution. The
124. PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
next spring ho returned to Decatur, and in April crossed the plains
from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, driving a six
mule team. He remained in California, mining, until the fall of
1851, when he returned to Decatur to renew the-practice of Law.
in the spring of 1856, he visited Europe, Egypl and ihe Holy Land.
He returned to Decatur in the winter of 185V, having been absent
twenty months ; was elector on the Whig ticket in the year 1852;
was Republican candidate for Congress in the Vth Congressional
District in 1858, but was beaten by Hon. James C. Robinson, by
1,900 majority. The district had formerly given from 4,000 to
5,000 Democratic majority. In 1860, he was elected on the Repub-
lican ticket, State Senator, in a district that was largely Democratic,
thus securing the election of the Hon. Lyman Trumbull to the
United States Senate. Resigned his seat in the Senate, and accepted.
a commission as Colonel of the 8th Regiment Illinois Volunteer
Infantry, on the 25th day of April, 1861. His regiment, was stationed
at Cairo, Illinois, until July, 1861, when he was assigned to the com-
mand of the United States forces at Bird's Point, Missouri, where
he remained six months in command of two brigades of mfantry,
and a portion of the time was also in command of the forces at
Cairo, Illinois.
He commanded a force of 4,000 men sent from Bird's Point to
Bloomfield, Missouri, a movement in connection with one made by
General Grant, against the rebel forces at Belmont.
On February 1, 1862, he was relieved of the command at Bird's
Point, and placed in command of the 1st Brigade, 1st Division,
Army of West Tennessee, under command of Brigadier-General
Grant. The brigade consisted of his own regiment, the 8th, also
the 18th, 29th, 30th and 31st Illinois infantry.
The brigade moved at the head of the army, and wras the first to
enter Fort Henry. It led the advance from Fort Henry to Fort
Donelson during all the skirmishing, and was moved at the head or
right of the army in the investment of Fort Donelson, and on the
12th, 13th and 14th of February, was constantly under fire.
On the morning of February 15th, this command was the first at-
tacked by the rebels, maintaining the unequal contest without re-
inforcements for four hours, with a loss of 500 killed and wounded,
PROMOTION AND RESIGNATION. 125
the brigade numbering, 2,500 rank and file, present. It bore an ac-
tive and most gallant part in the battle, and in the victory.
He commanded a brigade, until the evacuation of Corinth, but
was not in the battle of Shiloh, the brigade now consisting of the
9th and 12th Illinois Vols., 2 2d and 81st Ohio, and the 14th Mis-
souri Volunteers.
After the evacuation of Corinth, he commanded the 2d Division,
Army of the Tennessee, some two months during the absence of
Brigadier-General Davis, but on the return of the latter, resumed
the command of his brigade, which he led through the terrible battle
of Corinth, on the 3d day of October, 1862. Oglesby' s and Hack-
leman's brigades of the 2d Division kept the entire rebel army at
bay from 3 o'clock p. m., this day, thus saving Corinth to the Union
arms.
While nobly charging at the head of his command, the noble
Hacklcman was killed, and Oglesby was taken from the field appar-
ently in a dying condition from a wound received by a ball which
entered the left lung, and which has never been removed.
On the 29th of November, 1862, for gallantry in the above battle,
he .was promoted Major- General over the Brigadier-General com-
manding the Division, and was confirmed by the Senate.
By the 1st of April, 1863, he had so far recovered as to be able to
report for duty, and was assigned to the command of the left wing
of the 16th Army Corps, consisting of two divisions of Infantry
and one division of Cavalry, embracing all the territory in West
Tennessee and Northern Mississippi, except a strip along the Missis-
sippi River.
Constant pain, resulting from his wound, compelled him to tender
his resignation on the last of June, 1863, which General Grant re-
fused to accept, but gave him a leave of absence for six months. On
the 24th of May, 1864, his resignation was accepted.
On the 25th of May, 1864, the Union Convention of the State of
Illinois nominated him as candidate for Governor, and on the 8th of
November, 1864, he was elected Governor, over James C. Robinson,
(his former competitor for Congress), by 32,000 majority, the largest
majority ever given in the State for any office.
General Oglesby was inaugurated Governor of the State of Illi-
126 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
nois for four years on the L6th day of January, 18G5. Alter taking
the oath <>i' office, the Governor sai<l :
"I do not disguise the fact, nor do I desire to do so, that I have been chosen to tliis
high position bj the Onion people of the State, without regard to party, and am cx-
pected b] them to administer its executive affairs, with a view to no partisan or self-
ish purposes, ami thus relieved of many of the burdens which usually attend a mere
party triumph, am left free with you, to follow the path of duty pointed out so
clearly that I hope to be able to adhere to it.
" In addition to the large number of troops of every branch of the service, including
infantry, cavalry, artillery and engineers, voluntarily furnished by the State, in the
last tlm e and a half years, to carry on the war, could anything further have been
required of us to have shown to the General Government our original, persistent and
unalterable purpose to contribute every energy of the State and the cordial, hearty
and soul-determined will of the people to maintain the integrity of the Union, and
assisl in extirpating from the soil of the republic the last vestige of treason, the
recent matured and deliberate expression of an overwhelming majority of the peo-
ple of the State, at the ballot-box, upon the well defined issues of the contest, reas-
sure the nation and the civilized world that the State of Illinois, true to her in-
stincts of loyalty and constitutional liberty, will remain faithful to her allegiance,
true to the Union, an humble participant in the proud history and pure glory of the
holy sisterhood of States, sharing their experience and abiding their fortune to the
( nd of time. We say the Republic shall not die, the Union shall not be divide d, the
rebellion shall not prevail, traitors shall not conquer patriots pledged to the main-
tenance of these noble and dignified issues, believing their defense essential to the
complete enjoyment of all the blessings promised us in the Constitution and laws of
of our country — with an entire consciousness of the exacting sacrifices imperiously
demanded to support and uphold them — with our eyes upon and hearts full of devo-
tion to the flag of our country, we declare before the world that the rebellioa and
human slavery shall fall and perish together.
"The biennial message of my predecessor is before you. I invite your attention
attain to the full and careful statements it contains in reference to the present con-
dition of the government. A faithful service of four years, the most interesting and
embarrassing since the organization of the State government, has amply qualified
him to study carefully the various interests of the State, ami lends a dignity to his
statements and recommendations, not to be accorded to those of one less experienc-
ed in the affairs of the State. The result of his arduous labors are felt in every part
of the State, and everywhere there will greet him, as he retires from the distinguish-
ed office he so ably administered, the plaudits of his generous countrymen, " Well
done thou good and faithful servant."
"It is a gratifving reflection that, since the commencement of the war, our State
lias been faithful to all her obligations to the National Government. No call has
been in - ie upon 1mm- thai has not been promptly and fully answered. When it was
the custom to fill the quotas of the State by volunteering, she exceeded all calls upon
he.- by in my t nds, and although there was some difference of views as to the
INAUGURAL ADDRESS. 127
credits to which the State was entitled, she nevertheless proceeded to fill the quota
settled upon her under the apportionment made by the Provost Marshal General.
When the attempt was made last year to raise the required number of men by draft
ing, and although, for a time, serious apprehensions were felt that stubborn resistance
would be made against the efforts of the regularly appointed officers of the law to
enforce the draft, time and reflection sufficiently demonstrated to those who may
have contemplated the folly of this appeal to force, that there was no reliable or
respectable portion of the community to be found to sustain this discreditable and
dishonorable feeling. The law has been faithfully executed in every part of the
State.
" I think I may with all truthfulness say, in communicating to you the state of the
government, that at no time in the history of the State, has Illinois been in a better
condition, in reference to all the great interests ol the people."
*********
"It is made the duty of the Governor to see that the laws of the State be faith-
fully executed. Ordinarily, this can be no great task ; but in turbulent times, when
the authorities of the nation are openly defied and resisted, and the peace of the
people is threatened by armed bodies of men, in actual rebellion, it becomes a serious
responsibility. Happily for us, our State, thus far, has escaped the ravages and
desolation of the war raging on our borders. There have been a few attempts, how-
ever, in the last year, by two or three gangs of outlaws, to disturb the quiet of our
people and involve the State in civil war. Their field of operations seems to have
been confined to a few counties in the center of the State. Their time was spent in
pillaging and murdering unprotected persons, and inflicting all manner of annoyance
upon the peaceable inhabitants of those counties. Some of them claimed to be
emissaries from the rebel States, sent into Illinois to raise recruits for the rebel
army. As they were of the very lowest order of human existence, it is very likely
true they were engaged in this infamous project. Another attempt was made, upon
the eve of the election in November last, by a gang of desperate men, to release
the prisoners of war at Camp Douglas, fire the city of Chicago, by force take pos-
session of the polls, and inaugurate revolution in the north part of the State. By
the timely and prudent interference of the commanding officer at Camp Douglas,
Colonel B. J. Sweet, zealously supported by his command, and the earnest co-opera-
tion of the police of the city of Chicago, the chief men engaged in the plot, with
many miserable dupes following their vicious instigations, were arrested and confined,
the scheme defeated, and the city and State saved from the terrors of this dark
plot. To meet emergencies like these, and to be ready, at any moment, to resist
the efforts of evil-disposed persons against the State, it may be prudent to have such
a force at the disposal of the State as will enable the officers of the law faithfully
to execute their duties in any part of the State, and, if serious resistance be made
to the law, to crush it at once, and bring the offenders to speedy and exemplary
justice. The very slightest attempt at insurrection, in our State, should be met by
the firm and united efforts of the people to annihilate it. So confident am I of the
support of the peace-loving and law-abiding citizens of the State, and so firmly do
I rely upon their determination to sustain the rights of the State and its high
character, against the machinations of all evil-disposed persons we may venture to
hope we shall pass safely through the perils that still seriously threaten the country.
lL'S
1'ATKIoTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Every attempt ;it insurrection in the State, or inyasioa of our territory by an armed
force, would involve a cri against the National Government, and would, in ti ,
be met and resisted by the forces of tli<' United States.
"It is the deliberate purpose of the National Government to maintain peace and
good order throughout the whole country, to subdue the spirit of resistance to and
violation of the Constitution, and laws of the country, w lie i her it is dignified by the
name of revolution, or seeks its covert designs in rebellion.
*********
"I desire to impress upon the defenders of our country, volunteers and drafted
men alike, engaged in the same noble cause, the fact that the man who lias faith-
fully served his country in this war, has much to be proud of and much to honor
him. Such a man owes it to his reputation to guard it well, and see that no foolish
blemish gathers upon it to ruin and destroy it. lie is interested in cultivating the
morals of the country and elevating the tone of society, because he becomes a mem-
ber again of the community in which, when he returns, he fixes his home. The
conduct of our soldiers in the field continues to deserve our highest praise. From
the first hour of the war to the present moment our arms have been upheld upon
almost every field and in almost every battle. The blood of Illinois is mingled with
the blood of traitors on the mountain top, amid the hills, through the valleys and
along the streams, as far as the mad waves of war overlap the once peaceful domain
of our proud country. For prompt obedience, submission to the necessary discipline
of war, skill in the performance of their duties, bold and daring courage in battle
and humane treatment to the defeated foe, both officers and men continue to receive
the highest encomiums of their commanders and deserve the lasting gratitude of
every man, woman and child in the State and the nation. Illinois gives to our ar-
mies the best general of modern times.
" Although the war is not over, it is rapidly approaching the end. However for-
midable the rebellion at first, we have seen the worst of it. We have measured its
breadth, sounded its depth and ascended to its hight, and are bearing down upon
it and crushing it out. It required nearly two years of dearly bought experience to
learn its magnitude and discover the true means to be employed in halting its pro-
gress. There was always a well-founded belief, with a large portion of our people,
that to speedily and certainly break the back-bone of the rebellion, it wou'd be nec-
essary to strike directly at the institution of slavery. So long, however, had this
institution been fostered and protected by the indulgent sympathy of a vitiated pub-
lic sentiment ; so firmly were we convinced that, under our Constitution, it had
found some sort of foothold ; and, above all, so careful were we of the rights of our
Southern brethren, and their delicate sensibilities upon this peculiar institution, that,
to some extent, we had educated ourselves not to look fairly and squarely at the
question; and I firmly believe, had the rebels remained true to the Union, and re-
spected, in their true dignity, the rights of the people of the United States, and not
sought, in a forcible appeal to arms, to divide and destroy the Nation and the Con-
stitution, ages would have passed by before the wisdom and justice of man would
have reached and stricken from the roll of human errors this monstrous evil upon
our country. They went to wrar to make slavery the corner-stone of a new confed-
eracy, and to build upon this error, in the very face of God, a hideous despotism.
To do this, it was first essential that the only well established and divinely favored
INAUGURAL ADDRESS. 129
Republic should be destroyed, and they actually began the war for this purpose.
Nor is this monstrous truth to be hidden or denied by all the falsehood and pre-
tense— the slander and misrepresentation — that fiction can invent or man concoct.
The public sentiment of the whole North and Northwest was, to let slavery alone, in
the slave States, forever ; but it has forfeited whatever of real or imaginary pro-
tection it ever was entitled to, and an impatient and outraged people will put up with
its pretensions no longer By a joint resolution of Congress of March 2, 1861, the
following amendment was proposed to the Constitution of the United States: 'No
amendment shall be made to the Constitution which will authorize or give to Con-
gress the power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the domestic institu-
tions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said
State.' And the Legislature of this State, at the session of 1863, ratified said
amendment. It is well known that this amendment was proposed to conciliate the
South — to show to them our temper on the slavery question ; and thus, by a timely
exhibition of moderation and forbearance, on the part of the administration coming
into power, allay all cause for strife, or the pretense for it, on this embarrassing
question. It was soon manifest, however, that no antidote could heal the mad spirit
of rebellion. The South had deliberately prepared for the crisis, and were bent on
involving the country In ruin. No concession could head off the furious purposes of
these self-conceited and self-constituted usurpationists, who claimed, at last, the
right to dictate who should and who should not be elected President of the United
States. Another proposed amendment to the Constitution is now pending before
Congress. It came near passing the last session. There are some reasons for be-
lieving it may yet be passed by the present Congress. This amendment is very
unlike the one above quoted but, like the other, will, I hope, when it reaches our
Legislature, receive its early sanction and approval. It is as follows :
Rmoh<«d, etc. (two thirds of both houses concurring), That the following article be
proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as an amendment of the Consti-
tution of the United States, which, when ratified by three fourths of said Legisla-
tures, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as a part of said Constitution,
namely:
"ARTICLE XIII.
"Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for
crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the Uni-
ted States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
" Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legis-
lation.
" These different amendments, proposed at different periods during the progress
of the rebellion, show the marked change the sentiment of the country has under-
gone on this question. Moral convictions sometimes rest upon the demonstrations
of moral proof. In this instance, there is the additional weight of moral conscious-
ness, based upon the aggravated sufferings of a whole nation for nearly four years,
arising solely out of this great evil — nor will the public sentiment of the country
be checked or delayed, in its determination to eradicate slavery from the soil of the
Republic by the constant inquiry, ' What is to become of the negro after ho ia
free ?' It might better be asked, what may not become of him ? He can labor.
9
130 PATBIOTXm OF ILLINOIS.
He can team. Hi' can fight, improve and aspire, and if after we shall have tried,
for as long to make him a useful free man as we have a useless slave, we shall fail,
and he shall fail, there will be time enough left in which to solve this per-
question. It there were no other or higher motive for emancipation, I would still
fervently advocate it as a punishment to traitors for the crime of treason, for it is
useless to talk about ending the rebellion in any other way, than upon our own
terms and conditions. If we cannot subdue them, to the extent of an unqualified
Detention of hostilities against the National Government, and a positive return to
obedience to the laws of the land, as they are honored and obeyed by every good
citizen of the United States, we shall not have conquered them at all. The people
of Illinoisare not aiding in the prosecution of this war, with any view of at last, and
when resistance to our laws is no longer possible, entering into any flimsy and
deceptive compromise, to cajole ourselves and rebels into a fallacious and senseless
settlement of the difficulties. They are in hostile rebellion against the National
Government, savagely, and without cause, waging a cruel and barbarous war on us,
and should be made to feel the strong arm of that government. When they lay
down their arms and cry for peace, as they took them up and shouted for war, it
will be time enough to arrange for them the terms upon which they shall be per-
mitted to participate in the government. I do not adhere to the distinction so gen-
erally made between leader and follower in the monstrous offence. Both arc guilty.
But as it may be impossible, in the administration of justice, to reach all, those
most prominent in guilt should be made to suffer most. In theory, I know no dis-
tinction amongst them ; every man in rebellion against the United States, is guilty
of treason and deserves the punishment of death. Those who are not, and who
have not been in rebellion, are not to be classed with them, in any event. Thej
deserve and will receive the gratitude of the whole country in all time to come.
Those who were forced to take up arms against their will, deserve and will receive
our clemency."
General Allen C. Fuller resigned the position of Adjutant-General
of the State to take his seat in the General Assembly of which he
was chosen Speaker of the House of Representatives. Naturally
the appointment of a successor fell to a soldier, late the gallant col-
onel of the 18th.
General Isham Nicholas Haynie was born on the 18th of Novem-
ber, 1824, near Dover, Tennessee, and emigrated with his parents to
Illinois in 1830, settling in Marion county, where both his parents
still reside. He began the study of law in June, 1844, and was licensed
to practice in March, 184G. In 1847, when volunteers were called
out for the Mexican war, he volunteered, and was commissioned by
Gov. French, as First Lieutenant of Company C, 6th Illinois, com-
manded by Col. E. W. B. Newley. He was mustered in at Alton,
in May, 1847, and served till the close of the war in 1848, being mus-
tered out Oct. 12th. He then resumed the practica of law at Salem,
and in 1850 was elected a member of the Illinois Legislature, serv-
ADJUTANT-GENERAL HAYNIE. 131
ing during the sessions of 1851-52. In 1853 he graduated at the
Louisville University with the highest honors of the law class, and
thereupon resumed the practice of law until 1856, when he was ap-
pointed Judge of the Court of Common Pleas at Cairo, and remov-
ed his residence thither. In 1860 he was nominated on the Douglas
ticket for Presidential elector from the old 9th District, and vigor-
ously canvassed his district for Douglas and Democracy. He retir-
ed from the bench in 1861, and soon after the bombardment of Fort
Sumter, declared in favor of the administration of Mr. Lincoln, and
warmly supported him to the day of Mr. Lincoln's death.
In the fall of 1861 he raised and organized the 48th Illinois Infan-
try, and in September, 1861, was commissioned by Gov. Yates as its
Colonel. In November he reported with his regiment to General
Grant, at Cairo, and accompanied the army into Tennessee. He was
at the taking of Fort Henry, and in the first assault upon Fort Don-
elson, Feb. 13, 1862, commanded a brigade. On the 15th his regi-
ment formed a part of the brigade of the lamented W. H. L. Wal-
lace, and remained on the field till ordered to withdraw. At the bat-
tle of Shiloh he was severely wounded while at the head of his reg-
iment, but resumed command on the 23d of May following, and took
part in the investment of Corinth. In the summer of 1862, he ran
as the war candidate for Congress, in the 9th district, and was de-
feated by only 700 votes — the former Democratic majorities in the
district being 1,300 or more. During the balance of the summer
of 1862 he was in command of a brigade and the post of Bethel,
Tennessee, near Corinth. He was appointed Brigadier-General by
Mr. Lincoln in November, 1862, and served till March 4, 1863, when
the failure of the Senate to act on the appointment made the same
expire by limitation. He resumed the practice of law till December,
1864, and in the following month was appointed by Governor Ogles-
by Adjutant- General of the State, which position he now holds with
great credit to himself and advantage to the people and the State.
General Haynie is entirely a self-made man. Till twenty years
of age he was reared to hard labor on a farm, and thereafter prosecut-
ed his studies and profession with no other aid than the means
which he had himself earned. He has been a successful man, as is
testified by a handsome private fortune and by an honored name as
a citizen, a lawyer and a soldier.
CHAPTER VIII.
REGIMENTS AND BATTERIES.
The Fifteenth — First Enlisted for Three Years — Its Part at Shiloh — Brevet
Brigadier-General George C. Rogers — The Seventeenth — Its Campaigns — The
Eighteenth — Brevet Brigadier-General Jcles C. Webber — The Twentieth —
Life in Prisons — The Twenty-second — The Twenty-third — List of Battles in
which It was Engaged — The Twenty-ninth — Re-enlistment in the Veteran Ser-
vice— The Thirtieth — A Veteran Regiment — The Thirty-first — The Charge at
Fort Hill — The Thirty-second — Eleven Thousand Mile3 of March — Busteed's
Battery — Old Batteries A and B, First Artillery — An Honorable Record.
FIFTEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
THE 15th Regiment was organized at Freeport, in April, 1861, and
mustered into the United States service May 24th, being the
first Illinois regiment mustered into the three years' service.* The
following is the original roster :
Colonel, Thomas J. Turner ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Edward F. Ellis; Major, Wm.
R. Goddard ; Adjutant, Cyrenus C. Clark ; Quartermaster, Samuel Hice, Jr. ; Sur-
geon, William J. McKim ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Harman A. Buck ; 2d Assistant
Surgeon, Leonard L. Lake; Chaplain, David E. Halteman.
Co. A — Captain, Louis D. Kelly; 1st Lieutenant, Daniel C. Joslyn; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Mark Hathaway.
Co. B — Captain, William Haywood, 1st Lieutenant, David L. Baker; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Addison N. Longcor.
* In Vol. I [p. 296], we have stated that the 13th was the first mustered into the
three years' service. Both the 13th and 15th were so mustered on the same day;
but the former was mustered in in the afternoon, and the latter in the forenoon —
giving the 15th the honor of being the first. It was also the second regiment of
volunteers in the Union to be mustered for the three years' service— the 15th Mas-
sachusetts being the first.
THE FIFTEENTH. 133
Co. C — Captain, Holder Brownell ; 1st Lieutenant, Cyrenua C. Clark ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George W. Bradley.
Co. D — Captain, Harley Wayne; 1st Lieutenant, Frank S. Curtis; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Fred. A. Smith.
Co. E — Captain, James Rany ; 1st Lieutenant, Daniel J. Benner ; 2d Lieutenant,
John W. Luke.
Co. F — Captain, John H. Paddock ; 1st Lieutenant, William Henry ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John J. Sears.
Co. G — Captain, James 0. P. Burnside ; 1st Lieutenant, R. C. McEathron ; 2d
Lieutenant, Albert Bliss, Jr.
Co. H — Captain, Morton D. Swift; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas J. Hewitt; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William H. Gibbs.
Co. I — Captain, Joseph B. Jones ; 1st Lieutenant, George C. Rogers; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John S. Pratt.
Co. K — Captain, Adam Nase ; 1st Lieutenant, James O'Brien ; 2d Lieutenant,
J. W. Puterbaugh.
On the 1st of June, the regiment proceeded to Alton, where it
remained till the 1st of August, when it went to Jefferson Barracks,
Missouri. It then went to Rolla, Missouri, where it arrived in time
to cover General SigePs retreat from Wilson's Creek. On the 1st
of October it marched to Tipton, where it joined General Fremont's
grand army, and began a campaign in Missouri. Near Sedalia it
assisted in the capture of 1,300 of the enemy. Thence it marched
to Otterville, where it went' into winter quarters on the 26th of
December, remaining there till February 1, 1862. On the 7th of
the latter month it was ordered to St. Louis, whence it proceeded to
Fort Donelson, arriving on the morning of the surrender. Here it
was assigned to Hurlbut's "Fighting Fourth Division." It then
went to Pittsburg Landing, being the first regiment to disembark
there. At the battle of Shiloh, on the 6th of April, the 15th was in
the first line of battle, with the 77th and 53d Ohio regiments on
either flank. At the first fire of the rebels, the Buckeyes broke and
ran, and the enemy was soon on both flanks of the 15th, which
bravely stood its ground for an hour, and until entirely cut up. It
was in the final charge on the 7th, led by General Grant in person,
which gave our army the victory. In this battle the 15th lost 252
men killed and wounded. Among the former were Lieutenant-
Colonel E. F. W. Ellis, Major Goddard, Captains Brownell and
"Wayne and Lieutenant John W. Puterbaugh. It was in the advance
on Corinth, when Colonel Turner, who had been absent on account
of severe illness, :i;_cain assumed oommand, bul was obliged to
It up after the evacuation of that place. Captain George 0. Rogers
then took oommand of the regiment, and was soon afterward appointed
Lieutenant-ColoneL After the evacuation of Corinth, the 15th
marched to Grand Junction and Holly Springs, and on the 2lst of
July arrived ;it Memphis. After making numerous expeditions into
the country, it broke camp at Memphis, on the 6th of September,
and marohed to l><»livar, Tennessee, and thence to the Ilatchie Kiver,
and took an active part in the battle of the TIatchie, where General
Hurlbut, with his division of 5,000 men, met 15,000 of the enemy
on the retreat from Corinth, under VanDorn and Price, defeating
them and capturing a large amount of property and many prisoners.
It accompanied General Grant in his campaign through Northern
Mississippi, and in the spring of '63 was ordered before Vicksburg,
where it participated in the siege of that place, and was also with
the army that pursued the rebel General Johnston to Jackson, Missis-
sippi, taking part in the battle that was fought there, forcing the
enemy to evacuate the city. It afterward, likewise, assisted in tho
reduction of Fort Beauregard, Louisiana, and was with General
Sherman on his grand raid to Meridian, having a severe engage-
ment with the enemy at Champion Hill, where it was deployed as
skirmishers, and routed three regiments of rebel cavalry. The men
now re-enlisted as veterans, and proceeded north on furlough, after
the expiration of which they again returned south, and after a long
and fatiguing series of marches, joined the grand army moving
against Atlanta. Here, as attached to the brigade commanded by
Colonel George C. Rogers, the regiment was detached with that
command, and ordered to remain and fortify Allatoona Pass.
While thus engaged, the 14th and 15th regiments, both in the same
brigade, having become fearfully decimated, were consolidated by
oommand of Major-General McPherson, and were afterward known
as the Veteran Battalion, 14th and 15th Illinois Volunteers, the com-
mand numbering in all 625 men. After remaining at Allatoona for
some days, the Veteran Battalion, with which the 14th regiment had
become identified, was ordered to Marietta, Georgia, and thence to
Ackworth, being detailed to guard the railroad at these places, the
only communication of General Sherman. During this service, the
THE FIFTEENTH. 185
battalion was constantly scouting through the country, and fighting
guerrillas, until about the 1st of October, when the rebel General
Hood with his army, then making a demonstration in the rear ot
Sherman, struck the railroad at Ackworth and Big Shanty, and after
a fierce engagement succeeded in capturing a portion of the battalion.
Those who escaped capture in this engagement now returned to
Marietta, and after being mounted, started with General Sherman
on his grand march to the sea. On this memorable incursion, the
battalion acted as scouts, flankers, and advanced guard, and were
the first to drive the rebel pickets inside their works at Savannah.
During the long and arduous marches through the Carolinas, the
battalion also accompanied General Sherman, being continually in
the advance or on the flanks, skirmishing with the enemy. It was
the first command to enter Cheneau, South Carolina, and Fayette-
ville, North Carolina, upon the capture of those places, and also
participated in the battle of Bentonville. While at Goldsboro,
recruits sufficient to refill both regiments were received, and. the
organization of the Veteran Battalion was discontinued from that
time, and the 14th and 15th regiments re-organized. After the sur-
render of Johnston, the regiment marched to Richmond, and thence
to Washington, where it participated in the grand review of Sher-
man's army, May 24, 1865, being afterward ordered to Louisville,
Kentucky, and thence to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. It was sent for
a short time to Fort Kearney, Nebraska, but soon returned to Fort
Leavenworth, where it was mustered out on the 16th of September,
1865, and ordered to Springfield for final discharge. At that time
its roster was as follows :
Colonel and Brevet-Brigadier-General, George C. Rogers ; Lieutenant-Colonel,
Lemuel 0. Gilman ; Major, Joseph Devlin ; Adjutant, Andrew H. Hershey ; Quarter-
master, George A. Austin; Assistant Surgeon, Only P. B. Wright ; Chaplain, Barton
F. Rogers.
Co. A — 1st Lieutenant, George W. Thompson; 2d Lieutenant, David McGrath.
Co. B — Captain, Arthur Dawson ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles W. White.
Co. D — Captain, Ezekiel Giles; 1st Lieutenant, Voluey Bliss; 2d Lieutenant,
Charles A. Harper.
Co. E — Captain, Benjamin F. Gardner; 1st Lieutenant, Henry M. Older.
Co. F — Captain, Jonathan M. Clendening ; 1st Lieutenant, Edwin H. Riley.
Co. G — Captain, Albert Bliss, Jr. ; 1st Lieutenant, Devalson J. Kimball; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Augustus S. Chappell.
136 Pi I i:l"ll>M Of ILLINOIS.
Co. H — Captain, Edward Hurrell ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas C. Shelly: 2d Lieuten-
ant, William Dodds.
Co. I — Captain, Benjamin J. Gifford; 1st Lieutenant, Scptio Roberts; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William Derth.
Co. K — Captain, John A. Long; 1st Lieutenant, Jacob Paul; 2d Lieutenant,
Tilghmaii Driesbaek.
During its term of service (four years and four months) the 15th
mustered in an aggregate of 1,905 men, and at the date of its muster
out numbered 640. It marched on foot 4,299 miles; traveled by-
rail, 2,403 miles; by steamer, 4,310; total, 11,012 miles.
General George C. Rogers was born at Piermont, New Hamp-
shire, November 22, 1837, and came to the West in 1853. He was
educated at Bradbury Academy, New Hampshire, and at Wauconda,
Lake County, Illinois. He studied Law with Hon. E. P. Ferry, at
Waukegan, and in 1860 was admitted to the bar, at Springfield.
In that year he canvassed the State for Douglas. On the breaking
out of the rebellion he raised the first company in Lake County,
and went into the 15th regiment as First Lieutenant of Company I,
and in September was made Captain. At the battle of Shiloh he
was wounded four times, and while at home received from Governor
Yates a commission as Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment. After
the battle of the Hatchie, he was appointed Colonel, in the place of
Colonel Turner, who had resigned. At the battle of Champion Hills
he was twice wounded. The works at Allatoona were built under
his direction. In the Atlanta campaign he commanded a brigade,
and in Washington, in June, 1865, he received his promotion by
brevet as Brigadier-General — an honor fairly and bravely won. He
was mustered out of the service with his regiment.
SEVENTEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 1 7th regiment was organized at Peoria, and was mustered
into the State service on the 13th of May, 1861, and into the United
States service on the 24th of the same month. The original roster
was as follows:
Colonel, Leonard Fulton Ross ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Enos P. Wood ; Major, Francis
M. Smith ; Adjutant, Abraham H. Ryan ; Quartermaster, Henry L. Smith ; Surgeon,
L. D. Kellogg; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Charles B. Tompkins; 2d Assistant Surgeon,
Henry H. Penneman ; Chaplain, Sanford A. Kingsbury
THE SEVENTEENTH. 137
Co. A — Captain, Addison S. Norton ; 1st Lieutenant, Abraham H. Ryan ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George W. Robson.
Co. B — Captain, Benjamin T. Baldwin; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph L. Dodds; 2d
Lieutenant, Albert W. Jones.
Co. C — Captain, Allen D. Rose; 1st Lieutenant, William Walsh ; 2d Lieutenant,
David A. Parks.
Co. D — Captain, Henry H. Bush; 1st Lieutenant, James McCartney; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John J. Biggs.
Co. E — Captain, Francis M. Smith ; 1st Lieutenant, Roderick R. Harding ; 2d
Lieutenant, James C. Beswick.
Co. F — Captain, Josiah Moore; 1st Lieutenant, John R. Charter; 2d Lieutenant,
Charles C. Williams.
Co. G — Captain, Otis A. Burgess ; 1st Lieutenant, Jonathan H. Rowell ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Frederick D. Callsen.
Co. H — Captain, Leonard F. Ross ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas A. Boyd ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Asias Willison.
Co. I — Captain, Enos P. Wood ; 1st Lieutenant, George W. Saunders ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Edward S. Bruington.
Co. K — Captain, James P. Walker; 1st Lieu-tenant, John Q. A. Jones; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Andrew J. Bruner.
The 17th left Peoria on the 19th of June, 1861, for Alton, from
whence it proceeded to Missouri, and was enrployed there and in
Kentucky until the 20th of October, when it opened and engaged
in the battle of Fredericktown, Missouri. It then remained at Cape
Girardeau until February 6, 1862. It was at the taking of Fort
Henry, February 10th, and Fort Donelson, February 12th. It was
also in the three days' battle at Savannah, Tennessee, and in the
battle of Shiloh, where it suffered severely. It next engaged in the
siege of Corinth, frequently skirmishing with the enemy, but " more
frequently using the shovel and the hoe." From Corinth it was
ordered to Bethel, thence to Jackson, and on the 17th of July to
Bolivar, where it was assigned to guard and provost duty. Here it
remained till November, 1862, participating in an expedition toluka
to reinforce General Rosecrans at the battle of that name, and in
another to reinforce General Hurlbut at the battle of the Hatchie,
but did not arrive in time to participate in either of those engage-
ments. About the middle of November it was placed on duty at
Lagrange, Tennessee, Colonel Norton commanding the post. Here
it was continually on the alert, as this was the general depot for
supplies for the armies south of this point. Early in December, it
was ordered to Holly Springs and thence to Abbeville, where it
138 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
remained till the surrender of the former place, when General Grant's
forces were compelled to fall hack for supplies. The regiment was
soon after ordered to Memphis, remaining there till January 16,
1863, when it was sent to Vickshnrg. A few days after arriving
there, it proceeded to Lake Providence, Louisiana, then the head-
quarters of the 1 7th Army Corps. It remained on duty at this point
until the operations for the investment of Vickshnrg were com-
menced. Arriving at Milliken's Bend, La., on or ahout the 1st of
May, it commenced the march across the Delta, to Perkins' Land-
ing, on the Mississippi River, thence, via " Hard Times," to the
place of crossing, below Grand Gulf, and advancing with Mcpher-
son's command, via Raymond, Champion Hills, Jackson, Big Black
and to the final investment of Vickshnrg, during which time it was
on picket duty in the trenches before Vickshnrg, on alternate days
being employed as sharp-shooters. It remained in this position until
the final capitulation of Vickshnrg, when, having previously been
assigned to General John A. Logan's division, it had the honor of
marching into that city together with the other forces comprised in
that division, on the final surrender of the city. Here, and in the
vicinity of Big Black, it remained doing garrison duty, making
frequent incursions into the enemy's country, once as far east as
Meridian, under command of General Sherman, thence returning
to Monroe, Louisiana, thence to Vicksburg and vicinity, where it
remained until May, 1864. The term of service of the regiment
expiring on the 24th of May this year, it was ordered to Springfield,
Illinois, for muster out and final discharge; when and where those
of the original organization, Avho did not re-enlist as veterans, were
mustered out and discharged. A sufficient number not having enlisted
to entitle them to retain their regimental organization, the veterans
and recruits whose term of service had not expired, were con-
solidated with the 8th Illinois infantry, with whose history they
were afterward identified, and were finally mustered out with that
regiment, and discharged in the spring of 1866.
EIGHTEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
This regiment was organized in Camp Anna, in the 9th Congres-
sional District, under the u Ten Regiment Bill," and rendezvoused
THE EIGHTEENTH. 139
at Anna. On the 16th of May, 1861, it was mustered into the State
service for thirty days by Captain U. S. Grant. On the 28th it
was mustered into the three years' service, Avith the following roster:
Colonel, Michael K. Lawler ; Lieutenant Colonel, Thomas H. Burgess ; Major,
Samuel Eaton; Adjutant, William B. Fondey; Quartermaster, John Olney; Sur-
geon, Henry W. Davis ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Orange B. Ormsby ; 2d Assistant
Surgeon, William W. Hipolite; Chaplain, Lewis Lambert.
Co. A — Captain, James Baird ; 1st Lieutenant, James S.Craig; 2d Lieutenant,
Henry S. Wilson.
Co. B — Captain Elias W. Jones; 1st Lieutenant, Cornelius C. Weaver; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William Scanland.
Co. C — Captain, William S. Crawford ; 1st Lieutenant, William J. Dillon ; 2d
Lieutenant, Andrew J. Ice.
Co. D. — Captain, Jos. T. Cormick ; 1st Lieutenant, Wimer Bedford ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George W. Green.
Co. E — Captain, William Hunter; 1st Lieutenant, Edgar Potter ; 2d Lieutenant,
Charles H. Reed
Co. F — Captain, Jabez J. Anderson ; 1st Lieutenant, John Olney; 2d Lieutenant,
William M. Thompson.
Co. G — Captain, Wilson M. Cooper ; 1st Lieutenant, Nathan Crews ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William H. Robinson.
Co. H — Captain, Richard R. Hopkins; 1st Lieutenant, John H. Moberly ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Thomas G. Barnes.
Co. I — Captain, Samuel B. Marks ; 1st Lieutenant, John H. Barton ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Joseph Williams.
Co. K — Captain, Daniel H. Brush ; 1st Lieutenant, John W. Lawrence ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Argill Conner.
The regiment left camp on the 24th of June, and proceeded to
Bird's Point, Mo. On the 27th of August, it was sent to Mound
City, and on the 6th of October to Cairo. On the 1st of November,
it was sent on a brief expedition to Bloomfield, returning on the 1 2th.
Jan. 10, 1862, it took part in the reconnoissance before Columbus.
It was at the taking of Fort Henry, and bore an active part in the
capture of Fort Donelson, where it lost 50 killed and 150 wounded.
It next participated in the battle of Shiloh, losing 10 killed and 65
wounded, and in the siege of Corinth. After the evacuation of that
place, it joined in the pursuit of the enemy as far as Brownsville,
when it returned to Jackson. Dec. 20th, it started in the pursuit of
Forest, returning the following day. It remained at Jackson until
May, 1863, doing garrison duty. In the spring of that year it was
mounted, and participated in the pursuit of the guerrilla bands which
infested that region, making frequent captures — at one time taking 37
140 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
of Chalmers' guerrillas, including Col. Newsome and 12 of his men.
April '29th it went to Covington, Teim., and captured the town, where
it had a brisk engagement with Roddy* On the 28th of May it was
ordered to Vicksburg, via Memphis, and was one of the first regi-
ments to occupy Haines' Bluff, where it constructed works for the
defence of the rear against Johnston, occupying them until the sur-
render of Vicksburg. About the 10th of July it joined in General
Steele's Little Rock expedition, and took part in the capture of the
Arkansas capital on the 10th of September. Here it remained on
garrison duty until October, when it was ordered to Pine Bluff, Ark.
On the 18th it took an active part in the battle of Mount Elba, where
it distinguished itself by sharp fighting. Early in December it was
ordered back to Little Rock, and on the 16th re-enlisted for the vet-
eran service, and was consolidated into three companies. On the
16th of March, 1864, seven new companies were assigned to the
regiment, and Col. J. C. Webber commissioned as its commander.
The regiment remained on guard duty at Little Rock until Septem-
ber, 1865, when it was ordered to Pine Bluff. Here it was en-
gaged on guard duty, Col. Webber in command of the post, until
Dec. 16th, when it was mustered out. It arrived at Springfield on the
81st, and was paid off and discharged on the 8th of January, 1866.
It is related of the 18th that it was composed very largely of the
friends and supporters of Senator Douglas, by whose influence, as
exerted in the last grand efforts of his life, they were induced to
enter the army, and warmly to support the Government in its hour
of need.
Col. Jules C. Webber was born at Mayville, Chautauque county,
N. Y., August 27, 1838. At an early age he emigrated to Michigan,
where he resided until 1850, when he took up his residence in Grun-
dy county, 111. Here he studied law, and was admitted to the bar
in February, 1861. He entered into partnership with Richard Rit-
ter, afterward Colonel of the 28th Illinois. Col. Webber raised a
company of volunteers for the army, and proceeded with it to Spring-
field, but was unable to secure its acceptance, and was compelled to
disband it. Hearing of the organization of the 18th regiment in the
southern portion of the State, he proceeded to Anna, and enlisted as
a private. He rose step by step until June 6, 1865, when he was
THE TWENTIETH INFANTRY. 141
commissioned Colonel of the regiment. At the conclusion of the
war he was brevetted a Brigadier-General for " gallant and merito-
rious conduct." He is now Adjutant-General of the "Grand Army
of the Republic."
TWENTIETH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 20th regiment was organized at Joliet by companies from dif-
erent counties, as follows : A, from Champaign county ; B, from
Will; C, McLean; D, Livingston; E, DeWitt; F, Will and Bu-
reau ; G, Kankakee ; H, Putnam and LaSalle ; I, Iroquois ; K, Ken-
dall ; and when mustered into the service on June 13, 1861, num-
bered 924 men. The following is the original roster :
Colonel, C. Carroll Marsh ; Lieutenant-Colonel, William Erwin ; Major, John W.
Goodwin ; Adjutant, John E. Thompson ; Quartermaster, John Spicer ; Surgeon,
Christopher Goodbrake ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Fred. K. Bailey ; 2d Assistant Sur-
geon, Rolla T. Richards ; Chaplain, Charles Button.
Co. A — Captain, John S. Wolfe ; 1st Lieutenant, Daniel Bradley ; 2d Lieutenant,
George W. Kennard.
Co. B — Captain, Fred. A. Bartleson ; 1st Lieutenant, John W. Goodwin ; 2d
Lieutenant, John F. Cleghorn.
Co. C — Captain, John 0. Pullen ; 1st Lieutenant, John W. Champion ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Andrew J. Taylor.
Co. D — Captain, John A. Hoskins ; 1st Lieutenant, Joshua Whitmore ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John A. Fellows.
Co. E — Captain, Evan Richards ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry C. Pharres ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James M. North.
Co. F — Captain, William Erwin ; 1st Lieutenant, James E. Shields ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James E. Shields.
Co. G — Captain, James W. Burgess ; 1st Lieutenant, John Tunison ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Cephas Williams.
Co. H — Captain, Orton Frisbie ; 1st Lieutenant, Frank Whiting ; 2d Lieutenant,
John M. Powell.
Co. I — Captain, George H. Walser; 1st Lieutenant, George E. King ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John C. Tobias.
Co. K — Captain, Reuben F. Dyer ; 1st Lieutenant, Benjamin Olin ; 2d Lieutenant,
John R. McKean.
The first severe battle in which the Twentieth participated was at
Fredericktown, Mo., October 21, 1861. After this it remained for
some months encamped at Cape Girardeau, and when again called
into active service, in the spring of 1862, participated in the follow-
ing battles: Fort Henry, February 10, 1862; Fort Donelson, Febru-
14:2 l'ATUIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
ary 13, 14 and 15; Shiloh, April G; siege of Corinth ; Britton's Lane,
September 1 ; Thompson's Hill, -May 1, 1863; Raymond, May 12 j
Jackson, May 14; Champion's Hill, May 16; Vicksburg from May
19 to July 4, during the siege. In this siege it was engaged in the
celebrated charges on Fort Hill, on May 22d and June 22d. After
Vicksburg had fallen, it remained on guard in its vicinity until
Sherman's Meridian raid, on which it took its full share in the bat-
tles of Clinton and Chunkeys' Station. After the raid it returned
to Vicksburg, and thence home, on veteran furlough, in the month of
March, 1864. At this time only one hundred and ninety-seven of
the old members remained in the regiment. On its return to service,
it joined Sherman at Big Shanty, and under him was engaged in the
first charge on Kenesaw Mountain, and the subsequent great battle
there on June 27, 1864. Subsequently it participated in the great
battles of July 21st and 22d before Atlanta, and on the last men-
tioned date the enemy managed to flank it, and captured the entire
regiment, with the exception of thirteen men and two or three offi-
cers. When the detailed squad was sent back, its total strength was
thirty-five men, commanded by Capt. King, all the rest being in An-
dersonville, Charleston and other Southern prisons. This small rem-
nant was mounted and employed in scouting service on Sherman's
"march down to the sea," until it reached Goldsboro, N. C,
where it received two hundred and fifty recruits, was rejoined there
and at Alexandria by nearly all the former members of the regi-
ment who lived, and had, by this time, been exchanged, and once
more it resumed its character as a regimental organization. It was
present in the grand review at Washington, and thence returned, via
Louisville, to Chicago, where it arrived June 19, 1865, for final
muster and discharge. It brought home twenty-one 'officers and
three hundred and twenty-two men, of whom only about seventy
were in the original nine hundred and twenty-four of which the
regiment was composed in 1861.
TWENTY-SECOND ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
In the first volume of this work (p. 307), we have given the origi-
nal roster of this regiment and a sketch of its career up to the time
of its marching to the relief of Burnside at Knoxville. It passed
THE TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 143
the winter of 1863-'4 among the mountains of East Tennessee.
Early in the spring it moved to Loudon, Tennessee, thence to Cleve-
land, marching thence under General Sherman, and was engaged
in the two days' lighting at Resaca. It was afterward, for eleven
days and nights, under fire in the trenches at Ackworth, Georgia.
It left this point on the 10th of June, and was mustered out of ser-
vice on the 7th of July, 1864.
TWENTY-THIRD ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
In Vol. I. (p. 367 et seq.), we have given the original roster of this
regiment and the history of its career until the battle of Winchester,
West Va., July 25, 1864, when its brave commander, Col. Mulligan,
was killed. After this battle, the 23d participated in all the
campaigns of Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley, and more than
once avenged the death of its chief, under the respective commands
of Captains Fitzgerald, Moriarty and Simpson. After the total over-
throw of Early in the Valley, it was ordered to the Army of the
James, and, under Captain Ryan, took part in the great last
movement of Grant. The Yates Phalanx, 39th Illinois, and the
Chicago Irish Brigade, 23d Illinois, both successfully stormed Fort
Gregg, the key to Petersburg, taking the fort at the point of the bay-
onet, and under a most disastrous fire. The 23d shared with the
old Army of the Potomac the honor of driving the rebel armies
to the "last ditch" of the defunct rebellion. After the surren-
der of Lee's army, the regiment was ordered back to Richmond, and
did duty near that city up to the date of its muster out, in July, 1865,
when it returned to Chicago. During its entire term of service, up
to Richmond, it received but about one hundred recruits. Two hun-
dred men who enlisted for the 23d were sent off down to Sherman's
army, and the regiment never saw any of them but two, who had
been captured by the enemy, escaped and rejoined at Richmond the
command for which they originally enlisted. At Richmond they
received five companies of recruits. The following are some of the
principal battles in which this regiment was engaged : Lexington,
Sept., 1861 (nine days' fighting); Moorfield, W. Va., Jan. 3, 1863;
Philippi, W. Va., April 26, 1863 ; Petersburg Gap, W. Va., Oct.,
1863; Medley, W. Va., Jan. 30, 1864; Leetown, W. Va., July 3,
144 PATRIOTISM 07 ILLINOIS.
1864; Shepherdstown, W. Va., July 3, 1864; Maryland Heights, Md.,
July 6, 1 and 8, 1804 ; Snicker'sGap, July 17, 1864; Winchester, July
23 and 24, 1864; Martinsburg, July 25, 1864; Cedar Creek, Aug.
13, 1864; Halltown, Aug. 22 and 23, 1864; Berryville, Sept. 3,
1864; Opequan Creek (or second Winchester), Sept. 19, 1864 ; Fiser's
Hill, Sept. 22, 1864; Cedar Creek, Oct. 13, 1864; Hatcher's Run,
March 31, April 1 and 2, 1865 ; Fort Gregg, April 7, 1865.
In addition to these, detached companies have had desperate en-
gagements, as follows :
Companies B, D and K, South Fork of the Potomac, Nov. 12,
1862; company K, Fairmount, April, 1863; company I, Rowesburg,
April, 1863; company I, Wolfsden, Oct., 1863; company C, Wil-
liamsport, Jan. 3, 1864; companies C, D and K, Moorfield, Jan.,
1865; company D, Appomattox Court House, April 9, 1865 ; com-
pany G, Greenland, April 25, 1863.
The last named company engagement, by company G, under Cap-
tain Wallace, was one of the most desperate engagements during
the war. They were in a church when attacked by the rebels, killed
more than their own number of the enemy, and then only surrender-
ed when the building in which they were was set on fire.
TWENTY-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 29th regiment was organized at Camp Butler, and mustered
into the service July 27, 1861. The original roster is as follows :
Colonel, James S. Re ardon; Lieutenant-Colonel, James E. Dunlap ; Major, Mason
Brayman ; Adjutant, Aaron R. Stout ; Quartermaster, Ebenezer Z. Ryan ; Surgeon,
Charles C. Guard; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Samuel L. Cheaney ; Chaplain, Zenas S.
Clifford.
Co. A — Captain, Charles M. Ferrell ; 1st Lieutenant, David R. Jones ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Lorenzo D. Martin.
Co. B — Captain, George W. McKenzie ; 1st Lieutenant, John D. Jam'iBon ; 2d
Lieutenant, George C. Jamison. 1
Co. C — Captain, John A. Callicott ; 1st Lieutenant John M. Eddy; 2d Lieutenant,
Alfred DeWitt.
Co. D— Captain, John S. Whiting ; 1st Lieutenant, James B. Hart ; 2d Lieutenant,
Eberlee P. H. Stone.
Co. E— Captain, William H. Parish; 1st Lieutenant, William Choisser; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William W. Burnett
Co. F— Captain, James Roper ; 1st Lieutenant, Peter Belford ; 2d Lieutenant,
Richard M. Bozman.
THE TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY. 145
Co. G — Captain, Soloman S. Brill ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry Wakefield , 2d Lieuten-
ant, Theodore Millspaugh.
Co. H — Captain, Jason B. Sprague ; 1st Lieutenant, Abner Hostetter; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William H. Stewart.
Co. I — Captain, Augustus 0. Millington ; 1st Lieutenant, Marshall M. Mclntyre ;
2d Lieutenant, Samuel H. Russell.
Co. K — Captain, John A. Carmichael ; 1st Lieutenant, Elijah P. Curtis ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William T. Day.
In September, 1861, the regiment was ordered to Cairo. Here it
remained, save when engaged in expeditions into Missouri and Ken-
tucky, until the capture of Fort Henry, in February, 1862, when it
was the first regiment to enter the rebel works after their evacuation.
It next participated in the capture of Fort Donelson, where it suffer-
ed severely. It bore a most honorable part at the battle of Shiloh,
and was engaged in the subsequent siege of Corinth. On the 6th of
June, it was removed to Jackson, Tenn. While here, it %ngaged in
several expeditions to various points in West Tennessee, and formed
part of the force sent by General Grant to reinforce General Rose-
crans at the time of the attack on Corinth. It arrived too late to
take part in the battle, but pursued the retreating rebels, inflicting
serious damage. On the 18th of December, Lieutenant-Colonel
Kent was sent with two companies to the reinforcement of Jackson,
and on the 20th, Colonel Murphy, commandant at Holly Springs,
disgracefully surrendered his command, which included eight com-
panies of the 29th Illinois. The men were paroled and sent to Ben-
ton Barracks, St. Louis, where they remained until exchanged in
July, 1863. The remaining two companies were assigned to duty
in the Western navy, where they served with honorable distinction
in the siege of Vicksburg. In October, 1863, the regiment was re-
enlisted ; and a few days later the 131st Illinois was consolidated
with it. On the 31st of December, 1863, the regiment was sent to
Natchez, Mississippi. Here in the succeeding month it re-enlisted
in the veteran service, and received veteran furloughs at Springfield
on the 19th of July, 1864. On the 22d of August it left Spring-
field for Natchez, where it remained until October, when it went to
the mouth of White River, and from thence to Paducah, Ky. In
the latter part of November it returned to Memphis. It took part
in the expedition sent into East Tennessee, and on the 1st of Jan-
10
146 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
nary, 1865, went to New Orleans. It then took part in the campaign
against Mobile, and was actively engaged at the siege of Spanish
Fort and Fort Blakfily. On the 12th of April, it marched into the
city of Mobile. On the 20th of June it left for Galveston, Texas,
and proceeded thence to various points in that State, where it re-
mained until the 6th of November, 1865, when it was mustered out
of the service. It arrived at Camp Butler November 25th, and three
days later was paid off and discharged.
THIRTIETH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 30th regiment was mustered into the service at Camp Butler,
August 28, 1861, with an aggregate strength of 992 men. The
following is the original roster :
I
Colonel, Philip B. Fouke ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Elias S. Dennis ; Major, Thomas
McClarken ; Adjutant, George A. Bacon ; Quartermaster, William Busbyshell.; Sur-
geon, William A. Gordon; 1st Assistant Surgeon, John J. Turner; Chaplain,
Williamson F. Boyakin.
Co. A — Captain, Warren Shedd ; 1st Lieutenant, Nathaniel R. Kirkpatrick ; 2d
Lieutenant, Francis G. Burnett
Co. B — Captain, John P. Davis; 1st Lieutenant, William R. Goodell ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William Huffmaster.
Co. C — Captain, James R. Wilson; 1st Lieutenant, Alexander M. Wilson; 2d
Lieutenant, Alfred Parks.
Co. D — Captain, Thomas G. Marckley ; 1st Lieutenant, Michael Langton ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George L. Gordon.
. Co. E — Captain, John C. Johnson; 1st Lieutenant, Benjamin H. Kline ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John C. Johnson.
Co. F — Captain, Cyrus A. "Bradshaw; 1st Lieutenant, Alexander Bielaski; 2d
Lieutenant, John W. Martin.
Co. G — Captain, James Burnett; 1st Lieutenant, Henry C. Calhoun; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Orla C. Richardson.
Co. H — Captain, William C. Rhoads; 1st Lieutenant, Sidney Hall ; 2d Lieutenant;,
William M. Gibson.
Co. I — Captain, Robert Allen; 1st Lieutenant, William C. Kesner; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William H. Taylor.
Co. K — Captain, Alexander H. Johnson; 1st Lieutenant, John L. Nichols; 2d
Lieutenant, James L. 'Dougherty.
The regiment left for the field on the 1st of September, and was
stationed at Cairo. While here it made two or three reconnois-
6ances in the direction of Columbus. On the 7th of November it
THE THIRTIETH INFANTRY. 147
was engaged in the battle of Belmont, where it did good service,
capturing the celebrated Watson's New Orleans battery, and, with
the 31st Illinois, charging into the enemy's camp and burning it.
On the 10th of January, 1862, it went to Fort Jefferson, and thence
proceeded on a heavy reconnoissance through Kentucky, returning
to Cairo on the 22d. It was at tbe taking of Fort Henry, and took
part in the siege and capture of Fort Donelson. It was next in the
advance upon and siege of Corinth. On the 4th and 5th of June,
it marched from Corinth to Bethel, and on the 8th took possession
of Jackson, Tennessee. Near Medan Station, Mississippi, on the
1st of September, it met the rebel cavalry, 6,000 strong, and after
four hours' hard fighting it drove them off, gaining a brilliant victory.
After marching to various points, it reached Memphis, January 19,
1863. February 22d, it left Memphis for Lake Providence, Louisiana.
It was engaged in the battle of Raymond, May 12th. After the
battle of Jackson, it participated in the pursuit of the defeated rebels.
May 16th it took part in the battle of Champion Hills, losing heavily.
It actively participated in the siege of Vicksburg until June 23d,
when it moved to Black River and joined General Sherman's army,
then watching the operations of the rebel General Johnston. It
assisted in the investment of Jackson, and after the evacuation of
that place returned to Vicksburg. It was in the engagement at
Bogachitta Creek in October, returning to Vicksburg the same
month. On the 1st of January, 1864, it re-enlisted as a veteran
regiment. On the 3d of February it started with General Sherman
on the Meridian campaign, participating in several skirmishes on the
route, arriving at Meridian on the 15th. March 5 th it left Vicksburg
for Camp Butler, on veteran furlough. On the 18th of April, it again
left Camp Butler for Cairo. On the 28th it started on the " Tennes-
see River Expedition," under General Gresham. It marched to
Clifton, Tennessee, Pulaski, Athens, and Huntsville, Alabama. It
joined General Sherman's grand army at Ackworth, Georgia, June
8th. On the 10th it moved to Big Shanty, and commenced skirmish-
ing with the enemy. On the 27th it moved out on a demonstration
against the enemy, and lost twenty in killed and wounded. On the
20th it arrived at Decatur, and was in the battles of July 21st and
22d, near Atlanta, losing heavily. It was actively engaged in
148 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
skirmishing until the fall of Atlanta, ami participated in the move-
ment against Jonesboro. It also took part in Sherman's pursuit of
Hood in his march northward. On the 15th of November it left
Atlanta upon the grand march to the sea, and took part in the Caro-
lina campaign. It was present at the grand review at Washington,
and was mustered out at Louisville, July 1 7th, arriving at Canip
Butler, on the 20th, for final payment and discharge.
THIRTY-FIRST ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 31st regiment was organized at Cairo, and was mustered into
the service on the 18th of September, 1861. The following is the
original roster :
Colonel, John A. Logan ; Lieutenant-Colonel, John H. White ; Major, Andrew J.
Kuykendall ; Adjutant, Charles H. Capehart ; Quartermaster, Lindorf Osburn ; 1st
Assistant Surgeon, David T. Whitnell.
Co. A — Captain, John D. Rees; 1st Lieutenant, John Campbell ; 2d Lieutenant,
Davidson C. Moore.
Co. B — Captain, Thomas J. Cain ; 1st Lieutenant, Cressa K. Davis; 2d Lieutenant,
Sterne W. Fogy.
Co. C— «-Captain, William A. Looney ; 1st Lieutenant, Daniel R. Pulley ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John H. White.
Co. D — Captain, James H. Williamson; 1st Lieutenant, Robert C. Nelson; 2d
Lieutenant, Levi B. Casey.
Co. E — Captain, Irvin G. Bataon ; 1st Lieutenant, Josephus C. Gilliland ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Robert E. Elmore.
Co. F — Captain, John W. Rigby; 1st Lieutenant, George W. Goddard ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James M. Hale.
Co. G — Captain, Willis A. Stricklin; 1st Lieutenant, Larkin M. Riley; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Simpson S. Stricklin.
Co. H — Captain, Orsamus Greenlee; 1st Lieutenant, Horace L. Bowyer; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Jesse Robberds.
Co. I — Captain, Edwin S. McCook ; 1st Lieutenant, John Mooneyham ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Robert A. Bowman.
Co. K — Captain, Alexander S. Summerville ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles H. Capehart,
2d Lieutenant, Levi E. Morris.
The 31st was engaged at the battle of Belmont, November,
1861, where it behaved with conspicuous gallantry. It next partici-
pated in the reconnoissances into Kentucky, in which the men suf-
fered greatly from exposure. It was at the taking of Fort Henry,
and at the siege and capture of Fort Donelson, where it lost 260
THE THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 149
men killed and wounded. On the 22d of April, it left the latter
place for Pittsburg Landing, and participated' in the movement upon
Corinth until the evacuation of that place, from whence it marched
to Jackson, Tennessee. Here it remained until November 1st, being
occasionally sent out on reconnoissances of no great importance —
except the reinforcement of Rosecrans at Corinth, where it arrived
only in time to pursue the fleeing rebels, whom it followed as far as
Ripley, Mississippi, and then returned to Jackson. On the 1st of
November it marched from Jackson to Lagrange, Tennessee, thence
on General Grant's " Yockna expedition," returning to Tallahatchie,
where it remained during the year. Early in January, 1863, it
moved to Lagrange, thence to Colliersville, thence to Memphis, and
thence to Lake Providence, Louisiana. On the 1st of April it was
again on the march, and on the 27th arrived at Milliken's Bend. On
the 1st of May, it received orders to move immediately to General
McClernand's assistance, he having, at the time, a severe engage-
ment with the enemy at Thompson's Hills. At the time of starting
on this march, the regiment was without rations and had had nothing
to eat since the night previous. Colonel McCook, then command-
ing, asked the boys what they would do under the circumstances,
and the unanimous response, with three cheers, was to go anyway.
A march of twelve miles was made in three hours, and the regiment
came up to the enemy, turned their right flank, and thus saved the
day. On the next morning the regiment crossed the Bayou Pierre,
and on the 3d came up with the enemy and defeated them again at
Ingram's Hights. The retreating foe was still pursued with constant
skirmishing until the 12th, when they again made a stand at Ray-
mond, but were driven to Jackson, Mississippi, where a severe fight
ensued in which the enemy was also defeated. On the 16th, the 31st
again engaged the rebels at Champion Hills, and won the field, after
which the command was moved to the defenses before Vicksburg,
at which place it engaged in the entire siege up to the surrender on
July 4th, and participating in several sharp fights, among them
the charge on Fort Hill, in which the regiment lost two officers and
eight men killed and forty wounded. The flag of the command in
this battle also received one hundred and fifty three shots, and the
staff was shot in two four times. On the 7th of November, after the
150 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
surrender of Vieksburg, the regiment moved out to Big Black River,
at which place it veteraned January 5, 1864. On the 3d of Feb-
ruary, the command moved with General Sherman on the great raid
to Meridian, a distance of three hundred miles, returning to the same
camping ground on March 3d. The 31st also accompanied the gal-
lant General Sherman in his grand movement through Tennessee,
Georgia and Alabama. On June 19th it engaged in the battle of
Bush Mountain, on June 27th in the fight of Kenesaw Mountain,
and participated in all the battles, skirmishes and marches made by
the 3d division during the siege of Atlanta, among them the memo-
rable battles of the 21st and 22d of July and the 31st of August at
Lovejoy Station. The regiment also accompanied the army in pur-
suit of General Hood, and in the march to the sea, having no com-
munication with home for upward of fifty days. On the 24th of
May, the regiment crossed the Potomac and participated in the grand
review of Sherman's army, in Washington, on the 20th of July, and
was mustered out of service and ordered to Springfield, where it
arrived on the 23d. The 31st regiment at its muster out comprised
twenty-five commissioned officers and six hundred and seventy-seven
enlisted men. When organized it numbered 1,130, and recruited,
after that time, 700 men. There were killed in action, died of
wounds and disease, and discharged, 1,128 officers and men. The
following was the final roster of the regiment :
Colonel, R. N. Pearson ; Lieutenant-Colonel, W. B. Shaw ; Major, James N. San-
ders ; Adjutant, F. B. Thacker; Quartermaster, J. B. Davis; Surgeon, Gns Suhfrasi
Chaplain, J. Cole.
Co. A — Captain, Dul Quillman ; 1st Lieutenant, James R. Tyler ; 2d Lieutenant
John M. Brown.
Co. B — Captain, W. W. Sargent; 1st Lieutenant, William Dillard ; 2d Lieutenant,
J. J. Dunn
Co. C — Captain, S. C. Mooningham ; 1st Lieutenant, W. S. Morris; 2d Lieutenant,
A. H. Wilson.
Co. D — Captain, J. W. Toler; 1st Lieutenant, H. Y. Mangum ; 2d Lieutenant, J.
M. Bridges.
Co. E — Captain, J. H. Penegar; 1st Lieutenant, M. L. Coonce ; 2d Lieutenant,
Thomas Parhamus.
Co. F — Captain, J. P. Carnes ; 1st Lieutenant, J. H. Hunter ; 2d Lieutenant, L.
D. Hartwell.
Co. G — Captain, M. J. Potta ; let Lieutenant, W. S. Blackman ; 2d Lieutenant,
William Stricklin.
BKEVET BRIGADIER-GENERAL R. N. PEARSON. 151
Co. H — Captain, A. M. Jinkins; 1st Lieutenant, S. P. Steel; 2d Lieutenant, W.
A. York.
Co. I — Captain, Isaac Wirt; 1st Lieutenant, W. F. Stickney; 2d Lieutenant,
Daniel Wirt.
Co. K — Captain, J. W. Stewart; 1st Lieutenant, H. C. Lewis; 2d Lieutenant, M.
S. Barney.
The regiment had from its organization four Colonels, five Lieu-
tenant-Colonels, six Majors and three Surgeons. No company of
the regiment had less than nine officers, and the only officer in the
regiment, at its discharge, who held a commission at the time of
enlisting, was the Chaplain.
Brevet Brigadier-General Robert N. Pearson was horn in
Fayetteville, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, on the 9th day of
January, 1841, where he lived with his father until October, 1859,
(during which time he learned the trade of bricklayer), when he
emigrated to Illinois, where he resided until the breaking out of the
rebellion in 1861. In April, he enlisted as a private under Captain
(afterwards Major-General) B. M. Prentiss, at Quincy, Illinois, for
the period of three months. During the three months he was pro-
moted to corporal and then to second sergeant, in which grade he was
mustered out at the expiration of service. He returned to his resi-
dence in Quincy, Illinois, but not feeling satisfied at home, went to
Cairo, and on the 18th of September, 1861, enlisted as a private in
Company K, 31st Illinois (John A. Logan's). At the time of enlist-
ment he did not know a man in the regiment. He served as private
until the 1st of March, 1862, when he was promoted to commissary
sergeant. But this being rather dull, he was reduced to the ranks
at his own request, and again took the musket, and on the 16th day
of May, 1862, was appointed Adjutant of the regiment for gallant
and meritorious oonduct at Belmont, Fort Henry and Fort Donelson.
He served in this capacity until the 24th day of February, 1863,
when he was promoted to Major of the regiment by a unanimous vote
of the officers, and served as Major until July 1, 1863, when he was
promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel for meritorious conduct during the
battles before and siege of Vicksburg. On the 26th of September,
1864, he was promoted to Colonel of the regiment, and on the 13th
day of March, 1865, was brevetted Brigadier- General for brave and
gallant conduct during the war, and on the 19th of July, 1865, was
152 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
mustered out of the service with his regiment. With the exception
of one leave of absence for twenty days, he never was absent from
his regiment, and was engaged in all the battles in which the regi-
ment took a part, from the time of muster in until the final muster
out. He is now employed in the Adjutant-General's office at
Springfield.
THIRTY-SECOND ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 32d regiment was organized at Camp Butler, and was mus-
tered into the service on the 31st of December, 1861. Its original
roster was as follows :
Colonel, John Logan ; Lieutenant Colonel, John W. Ross ; Major, John S. Bishop ;
Adjutant, James F. Drish ; Quartermaster, Charles A. Morton; Surgeon, William S.
Edgar; 1st Assistant Surgeon, George B. Christy; 2d Assistant John J Gilmer;
Chaplain, Asaph C. Vandewater. *
Co. A — Captain, Henry Davidson ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph S. Rice ; 2d Lieutenant,
John Berry.
Co. B — Captain, William J. Pierce ; 1st Lieutenant, James J. Searight ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John H. Allen.
Co. C — Captain, Thaddeus Phillips ; 1st Lieutenant, Abram D. Keller ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Josiah Burrough.
Co. D — Captain, George H. English ; 1st Lieutenant, Daniel McLennan ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James W. Mitchell.
Co. E — Captain, Alfred C.Campbell; 1st Lieutenant, Richard W. Babbett ; 2d
Lieutenant, William H. Edgar.
Co. F — Captain, George W. Jenks; 1st Lieutenant, Smith Townsend; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John Laboytaux.
Co. G — Captain, Jonathan Moore ; 1st Lieutenant, Robert H. Stevenson ; 2d
Lieutenant, Charles A. Eames.
Co. H — Captain, John B. Duncan; 1st Lieutenant, Henry C. Wright ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John York.
Co. I — Captain, Samuel Cummings; 1st Lieutenant, Josiah Y. Ellas ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William Ulm.
Co. K — Captain, Samuel B. Crowley; 1st Lieutenant, John J. Rider ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Theodore Schifferstein.
On the 31st of January, 1862, the regiment left camp for Cairo.
On the 2d of February it was ordered to Bird's Point, and on the
8th ordered to join General Grant in the field. It was in the battle
of Shiloh on the 5th of April, where it lost very heavily. It remained
in the advance on Corinth, and about the 1st of July made the
march to Coldwater under the most trying circumstances. It was
THE THIRTY-SECOND ESTEANTRY. 153
in the fight near Grand Junction on the 21st of September, where our
forces, being confronted by a vastly superior force, were compelled
to retreat to Bolivar. On the 5th of October, being on the march to
relieve Rosecrans at Corinth, it met the enemy at the battle of the
Hatchie, where it bore a gallant part, and where the enemy were
badly defeated, though greatly outnumbering our forces. November
8th, while on a reconnoissance in force from Lagrange southward,
our troops surprised and captured 100 rebel cavalry at Lamar, Ten-
nessee. The infantry took no part in this skirmish, arriving on the
ground in time only to see the enemy routed. From this date until
the seiare of Corinth the 32d saw no fighting, but were engaged
in marching from place to place, remaining but a short time in any
of them. From the 25th of December until January 8, 1863, it was
engaged in guard and fatigue duty, subsisting on the country. In
March, the 32d moved to Memphis, where it remained till May, when
it was ordered down the river, and on the 11th embarked for Young's
Point, La. It took part in the movement on Vicksburg, garrisoning
Young's Point until June 12th, when the post was abandoned, and
the garrison sent to the intrenchments. On the 27th the regiment
was ordered to garrison Warrenton. After the fall of Vicksburg it
was ordered to join the expedition against Jackson, which was very
trying to the troops, worn out as they were with the fatigues and
perils of the siege of Vicksburg. On the 5th of December it arrived
at Natchez. An attack on the place was expected, and General
Gresham, commanding, made preparations to meet it. The expecta-
tion proved groundless, and no fight was had at that time. On the
23d of January, 1864, the 32d left Natchez for Vicksburg, where, on
the 2d of February, a sufficient number of the men enlisted as vete-
rans to retain the regimental organization, and were re-mustered.
On the 4th the regiment started on the Meridian expedition, and on
its conclusion returned to Vicksburg. On the 16th of March, it was
ordered home on veteran furlough. On the 28th of April, it again
left Camp Butler for Bird's Point, Mo., thence for Clifton, Tennessee,
and joined the main army at Ackworth, June 11th. At the battle of
Kenesaw Mountain, June 12th, the 32d occupied an exposed position
in the advance. It was again in the advance in the assault upon the
enemy at Nickojack Creek, and was the first to plant its colors upon
15i PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
the enemy's works. The rebels then withdrew to a Btrongly fortified
position on the Chattahoochie River, whence they were driven back
to Atlanta. From this time till the grand march to the sea began,
the regiment saw but little fighting. In October it began the march,
participating in that and the Carolina campaign. At Bentonville five
companies of the 32d were engaged and suffered severely. It took
part in the grand review at "Washington, and then proceeded to
Louisville, Kentucky, and on the 22d of June, 1805, was sent to
St. Louis, and thence to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. It was then
sent to Fort Kearney, Nebraska, and on arriving there returned to
Fort Leavenworth. Here it was mustered out of the service on the
16th of September, having up to that time traveled about 11,000
miles.
BATTERY C, CHICAGO LIGHT ARTILLERY.
(busteed's battery)
In August and September, 1861, Captain Richard J. Busteed re-
cruited a battery of light artillery, which was known as " Busteed's
Battery," and was mustered into the service at the Republican Wig-
wam, in Chicago, on the 28th of September, as Battery C, Chicago
Light Artillery. The following is the original roster :
Captain, Richard J. Busteed; Senior 1st Lieutenant, Albert Cudney; Junior 1st
Lieutenant, Robert J. Parker; Senior 2d Lieutenant, Samuel A. McClellan ; Junior
2d Lieutenant, Rogers.
The battery left Chicago for Washington on the 1st of October,
1861, arriving there, on the 4th. After drilling for a few weeks, or-
ders were issued from the headquarters of the Army of the Potomac,
disbanding the battery and transferring the men as follows: To Bat-
tery G, 1st N. Y. Artillery, 2d Lieutenant McClellan and 65 men ;
to Battery B, 1st N. Y. Artillery, 2d Lieutenant Rogers and 43
men; to the 4th N. Y. Independent Battery, 8 men; to Captain
Tidball's (regular) Battery, 3 men ; to Battery E, 1st N. Y. Artil-
lery, Lieutenant Robert J. Parker. As this battery thus ceased to
be an Illinois organization, we must leave it here, only remarking
that the conduct of both officers and men in their new positions, was
such as to do honor to our Prairie State.
BATTERY A, FIRST ARTILLERY. 155
FIRST ARTILLERY REGIMENT.
The following are the original regimental officers of the 1st artil-
lery regiment:
Colonel, Joseph D. Webster ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Charles H. Adams ; Major, Ezra
Taylor; Quartermaster, John Dismant, Jr. ; Surgeon, Edmund Andrews; 1st Assist-
ant-Surgeon, John M. Woodworth ; 2d Assistant-Surgeon, William T. Kirk ; Chap-
lain, Jeremiah Porter.
As the various companies of the artillery regiments were seldom
or never together, we are compelled to give them separately, and
commence with
BATTERIES A AND B, FIRST ARTILLERY.
Battery A was composed of the veterans of old Batteries A and
B, Chicago Light Artillery, whose histories are necessarily separate
until their consolidation. The original rosters were as follows :
Co. A — Captain, Charles M. Willard ; Senior 1st Lieutenant, Francis Morgan ;
Junior 1st Lieutenant, Peter P. Wood; Senior 2d Lieutenant, Edgar P. Tobey;
Junior 2d Lieutenant, John W. Rumsey.
Co. B — Captain, Ezra Taylor; Senior 1st Lieutenant, Samuel E. Barrett: Junior
1st Lieutenant, Levi W. Hart ; Senior 2d Lieutenant, P. H. White ; Junior 2d Lieu-
tenant, I. P. Rumsey.
Old Battery A, Chicago Light Artillery, Captain James Smith,
was recruited on the 19th of April, 1861, and in the short space of
three hours was filled to the maximum for a six-gun battery. It left
Chicago on the 2 1st of April, with other troops, under General Swift,
for Cairo, arriving at that place on the 22d. It remained in camp
at Cairo till September, when, under Grant, it was sent to Padncah
to take possession of and hold that place. From Paducah the bat-
tery made several marches, and in February, 1862, it formed a part
of an expedition up the Tennessee River, for the reduction of Forts
Henry and Hindman. It took possession of and held the latter fort,
while Commodore Foote captured Fort Henry. On the 13th of Feb-
ruary it received orders to march to Fort Donelson, which point it
reached on the 15th, and, under General Lew. Wallace, was thrown
between the rebels and General Mc demand's troops, while the lat-
ter were being driven off. It was in all of the two days' fight at
Shiloh, on the 6th losing one third of its members and one half the
15G PATRIOTISM Of 11. i QIOI&
hones, but no guns. It was in the reserve division in the -if_r'' of
Corinth, was Ben! serosa the country to Memphis under < leneraJ Lew.
Wallace, and there beoame permanently attached to tht command
of (}fn. \V\ T. Sherman, being in the 2d Division, L5th Army Corps.
It was with thai corps at Chickasaw Bayou, covering the 6th Mis-
souri regiment in its memorable charge. At Arkansas Post it was
conspicuous and rendered effective service in the capture of the ene-
my's works, and also accompanied General Sherman in the "feint"
ou Haines1 Bluff It also placed in position and served a battery of
30-pound Parrots, at Young's Point. On the 10th of May, it was
conspicuous in the battle of Champion Hills, and on the next day
the battery had a skirmish at Bridgeport, and from thence advanced
on Vicksburg. After taking an active part in the famous assaults of
the 19th and 22d of May, it performed constant and brilliant service
till the 3d of July, when it fired a few shells as a parting salute
before the surrender of the city. During the siege of Vicksburg the
battery was furnished with six 30-pounder Parrot guns, which,
together with its light field battery, made its whole number of guns
amount to twelve. This extra duty was performed cheerfully, in
order that General Sherman might withdraw sufficient light batteries
to enable him to compete with General Joe Johnston, who threatened
to cross the Big Black and raise the siege of the city. On the 5th
of July, the battery was sent on the road towards General Joe
Johnston, at Jackson, Mississippi, where its position was the front.
After performing gallant service in the capture of that place, it
marched back to Camp Sherman, and this closed a campaign of
eight months. After two months' rest the battery started for Chatta-
nooga, and had the honor of being the first of Gen. Sherman's ar-
tillery to cross the Tennessee River and gain a foothold in front of
Missionary Ridge, participating in the battle at that place, and join-
ing in the pursuit of the flying enemy. Returning to Chattanooga,
it marched thence to Larkinsville, Ala., and there spent the winter.
On the 1st of May, 1864, the battery commenced its last campaign,
the first fighting of which occurred at Resaca, Ga., on the 12th. It
afterwards participated in the fighting at Dallas, at Kenesaw ; and
on the 12th of July, by order from the War Department, the mem-
bers who enlisted in 1862 were consolidated with the same class of
men from Battery B.
BATTERY B, FIRST ARTILLERY. 157
Old Battery B was organized in April, 1861, and left in June for
Cairo, where it lay three weeks, and then went to Bird's Point,
across the river into Missouri. One section went to Fredericktown,
Mo., and participated in the fight there on the 26th of October. The
battery then went with Grant to Belmont on the 7th of November,
going into action with six guns and coming out with eight, completely
demolishing the rebel battery. Then at Donelson, in "W. H. L. Wal-
lace's brigade, the battery occupied the extreme right, fighting with
scarce an intermission for three days. The day before the battle of
Shiloh it was transferred to Sherman's division and was in that fight;
it was also with him on the right and at the siege of Corinth, then
was found at Lagrange, and at Holly Springs, and brought up in
Memphis, with Sherman, on the 22d of July, 1862. Chickasaw Bay-
ou, Arkansas Post, the siege of Vicksburg, Champion Hills and Me-
chanicsburg all attested its valor, and at Richmond, La. , it left its mark.
Then we find it moving to Memphis, thence to Chattanooga, and
afterward to Knoxville, to the relief of Burnside, then speeding to
Tellicoe Plains and again to Chattanooga, sending its guns down the
river to Bridgeport, and moving to Larkinsville, where it stayed
through the winter; after which it started out again with Sherman
on his Atlanta campaign, leaving about the 1st of May. Tho bat-
tery was all through those fights, doing bravely at Resaca and Dallas,
being highly complimented by Gen. Logan for its action at the latter
place. It was afterwards at Kenesaw, and besides took part in
many other minor engagements. On the 12th of July, 1864, it was
ordered back to Springfield, that the men might be mustered out of
service. The battery had 219 men altogether on its muster rolls, and
lost about sixteen by deaths. At Belmont the loss was five wounded,
of whom one was permanently disabled and one died. At Donelson
one killed and five wounded. At Shiloh, two men killed and eight
wounded. At Chickasaw Bayou, two men wounded. At Vicksburg,
three men killed and four wounded. At Dallas, two men wounded,
and at Kenesaw Mountain one. There have been twenty-four pro-
motions in the battery, two into the artillery of the regular army.
The consolidated battery was commanded temporarily by Captain
Samuel S. Smythe, Lieutenant of Battery I, who was taken prisoner
in front of Atlanta, where Lieut. Robb, assisting him, was killed.
15S PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Afterward E. P. Wilcox, of Battery B, was appointed Senior First
Lieutenant, and Henry Roberts, of Battery A, Enoch Colly and
James Dutch as the other Lieutenants ; Lieut. Wilcox was soon
after made Captain, and Spencer S. Kimball appointed Junior First
Lieutenant. The battery participated in the balance of the Atlanta
campaign and the chase of Hood back toward Nashville ; and when
Sherman left Atlanta the battery remained with General Thomas,
taking part in no fight except at Nashville with Hood. It arrived
in Chicago July 2, 1865, where it was mustered out and discharged.
General Ezra Taylor, who recruited batteries A and B in April,
1861, was born in Genesee County, New York, in October, 1819,
and came to Chicago in September, 1839, where he engaged in the
provision packing business with G. S. Hubbard, Esq., in 1840, which
business he followed up to the 18th of April, 1861. He had been
for many years connected with the local military organization of our
city, at one time holding the office of Colonel of the 60th regiment
Illinois militia, which was composed of the various uniformed organi-
zations of the city ; but being ardently attached to the artillery arm
of the service, he resigned the Colonelcy of the regiment and
accepted the Captaincy of the Chicago Light Artillery, which posi-
tion he occupied in April, 1861. He served a term of ten years in
the volunteer fire department, and has been dignified as Alderman
from the 7th ward. After organizing Batteries A and B, he was sent
to St. Louis to obtain arms for the artillery organization of the state,
and spent considerable time in perfecting such organizations, after
which he took command of Battery B at Cairo; after a few days at
Cairo, was sent to Bird's Point, Missouri, where, in addition to his
duties with his own battery, he was placed in charge of the field
works, and was active in mounting the heavy guns at that point.
He commanded Battery "B" at Belmont, Missouri, November V, 1861,
where a rebel bullet carried away a button from his cap, near the left
temple, another struck his saddle, and another his horse, all of which
did no serious damage. He was in command of his battery at the
capture of Forts Henry and Donelson. After the fall of Fort Donel-
eon, by invitation of General Grant, he made one of the party to go
to Nashville, immediately after it fell into the hands of our troops.
Landing on the 1st of April, 1862, he turned over the battery to
GENEKAL TAYLOR. 159
Captain Samuel E. Barrett, (be Taylor) having been promoted to
Senior Major of tbe 1st Illinois Volunteer Light Artillery, with orders
to report to General W. T. Sherman at Shiloh, which he did on the
4th of April, 1862, whereupon General Sherman gave him the appoint-
ment of Chief-of-Artillery, and in which capacity he served two
years, or until April, 1864, participating in all the skirmishes, marches
and fights of his gallant and noble commander. At Chickasaw
Bayou he was complimented in orders by General Sherman for his
efficiency in posting and serving the artillery, and after Sherman had
decided to withdraw from the frowning hills of Vicksburg, he suc-
ceeded in bringing off his artillery through an almost impenetrable
swamp and over the worst kind of corduroy road, during a terrible
dark night, without the loss of a man, horse, or single implement,
and without giving the alarm to the enemy's pickets, and had all safe
on board the transports before daylight in the morning. From thence
he accompanied the troops to Arkansas Post, thence to Young's
Point, in front of Vicksburg. During the siege of Vicksburg the
artillery took no step backward, but advanced its guns at every
favorable point until the stronghold surrendered. General Taylor
was always at the front and superintended the posting of every gun
in person. No sooner had the surrender taken place than he was
ordered to join General Sherman in the pursuit of Joe Johnston, and
rode some fifteen miles the same afternoon to the head-quarters of
General Sherman. After relieving Knoxville, the troops returned to
Chattanooga, thence to Bridgeport, and were posted along the railroad
from that point to Huntsville, Alabama, and Colonel Taylor went
north to Cairo, St. Louis and Chicago for the purpose of hurrying
up the new guns and equipments for his artillery, and afterward took
part in the Atlanta campaign. General McPherson took command
of the Army of the Tennessee with Colonel Taylor as Chief-of-Artil-
lery. While with McPherson he fought at Snake Creek Gap, Resaca,
Calhoun and Dallas, where he received a wound through the body
which was at the time considered mortal, but a naturally strong
constitution, together with the best surgical aid, after a long time
enabled him to move about again, but the effects of the wound are
permanent, and he never expects to be as he was before. In
March, 1865, he was brevetted Brigadier-General "for gallant and
meritorious services."
CHAPTER IX.
THE MERIDIAN RAID.
Sherman's Department — Grant's Order — Sherman's Plan — General W. S. Smith's
Movements — Sherman — McPherson — Hurluut — Champion Hills — Jackson, Mis-
sissippi— Burnt Bridge — Rebels Evacuate — Where is Smith? — Destruction —
Kinglake — Prophetic Significance — Backward March — Results — Schofield.
AFTER the eventful victory of Mission Ridge, and the relief of
Burnside, General Sherman turned his attention to his own de-
partment, McPherson in command of the 17th Army Corps at Vicks-
burg,while part of Hurlbut's 16th, with Smith's and Grierson's cavalry
divisions were at Memphis. The rebel Bishop-General Polk, in com-
mand of a large army, was at Meridian, with Forest, Loring and
other leaders within supporting distance.
General Grant ordered the army of the Tennessee to keep open
the Mississippi River, and maintain our control of its east bank.
"General Sherman decided to do this by occupying prominent points
in the interior with small corps of observations, threatening a con-
siderable radius, and to operate against any strong force of the
enemy seeking to take a position on the river, by a movable column
menacing its rear. To destroy the enemy's means of approaching
the River with artillery and trains, he determined to organize a large
column of infantry and move with it to Meridian, effectually break-
ing up the Southern Mississippi Railway, while a cavalry force should
move from Memphis to meet him, and perform the same work with
respect to the Mobile & Ohio Railway.
"Brigadier-General William Sovy Smith, chief of cavalry on
General Grant's staff, was placed in command of all the cavalry of
the department, and instructed to move with it from Memphis on or
before the 1st of February, by way of Pontotoc and Okolona and
ORDER OF MARCH. 161
Columbus to Meridian, a distance of two hundred and fifty miles,
so as to reach that place by the 10th. General Smith was specially
instructed to disregard all small detachments of the enemy and all
minor operations, and, striking rapidly and effectually any large body
of the enemy, to be at his destination precisely at the appointed
time. Simultaneously, the 11th Illinois and a colored regiment under
Colonel Coates of the former regiment, with five tin-clad gunboats
under Lieutenant Commander Owen, were sent up the Yazoo, to ascend
that stream and its tributaries as far as possible, so as to create a diver-
sion and protect the plantations on the River, and Brigadier-General
Hawkins was directed to patrol the country in the rear of Vicks-
burg toward the Big Black, and to collect some fifty skiffs, by means
of which detachments of two or three hundred men might be moved
at pleasure through the labyrinth of bayous between the Yazoo and
the Mississippi, for the purpose of suppressing the depredations of
the horde of guerrillas then infesting that region." — [Colonel Bow-
man.]
Sherman moved from Vicksburg on the 3d of February. With
him were two divisions of Hurlbut's 16th Army Corps, under that
gallant commander, two divisions of the 17th under McPherson, and
a cavalry brigade under Colonel Winslow. Hurlbut's command
moved by Messenger's, while McPherson's column marched by the
railroad. Little opposition was experienced until the 5th, when
Hurlbut met the enemy at Joe. Davis' plantation, and McPherson at
Champion Hills, and kept up an incessant skirmish for eighteen
miles, but did not arrest the march, and entered Jackson that even-
ing, thus preventing a contemplated rebel concentration. At Champion
Hills, however, the lines deployed for battle, and again when near
Jackson, but the rebel force withdrew so rapidly as to leave his Pearl
River pontoons in good condition.
At Jackson the columns were united, and McPherson in the lead
crossed Pearl River on the captured pontoon bridge, on the 7 th
entered Brandon, on the 8th reached Live Creek near Morton, which
was entei'ed the next day. McPherson's force stopped to "operate"
on the surrounding railroads, and Hurlbut went forward almost
without the show of resistance through Hillsboro and Decatur, to
the Tallahatchie River, twenty -five miles west from Meridian. Here
11
1G2 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
*
the way was obstructed by felled trees. Sherman put a sufficient
force to guard his trains, and threw hia men over the obstructions,
ami marched them to the Ocktibbeche River, where he found the
bridge inflames. Two hours saw a new one, over which he marched
his gallant Westerners, and at half past three, the same day, en1 ired
Meridian. French's and Loring's divisions, under Polk in person, had
removed the locomotives and cars toward Mobile and Selma, and
had evacuated the town the preceding night and that morning, and
were retreating, covered by Lee's cavalry.
Smith was not there with hi"^ cavalry. lie did not move from Mem-
phis until the 11th, ten days later than he was ordered, and by that
time the enemy had gathered in his front, and he only advanced to
West Point, from which he retraced his way on the 22d, returning
to Memphis. Without cavalry it was evident that the rebels could
not be overtaken before crossing the Tombigbee, and Sherman
therefore halted his weary columns and gave them rest on the 15th.
On the 16th the railways centering there were "inspected." Says
Colonel Bowman : " The depots, storehouses, arsenals, offices, hos-
pitals, hotels and cantonments in the town were burned, and during
the next five days, with axes, sledges, crowbars, clambers and fire,
Ilurlbut's corps destroyed on the north and east sixty miles of ties
and iron, one locomotive and eight bridges ; and McPherson's corps,
on the BOUth and west, fifty-five miles of railway, fifty-three bridges,
6,075 feet of trestle work, nineteen locomotives, twenty-eight steam
cars."
It is said this was a mere raid. It was meant for a grand move-
ment, by which, while Farragut was hurling shot at Mobile, Sherman
would have separated Johnston from that city, distracted and demor-
alized Polk's army and perhaps have reached Mobile itself, but the
cavalry failed.
The United States Service Magazine says: "Kinglake, in his his-
tory of the Crimea, finely describes in general the advantages and
perils of the ' movable column,' and then proceeds to rank under
that name the march of the allied armies from Old Fort to Sebasto-
pol. But that march was so arranged that each night the allies would
be in communication with their ships. The distance to bo inarched
was comparatively short. In case of attack it was only necessary to
secure contact with the fleet, which could protect their flanks and
RESULTS. 163
co-operate with its fire. Finally there was no attack and no great dan-
ger. What, then, should be said of the intrepidity which carried a
genuine 'movable column,' away from its base, across a distance of one
hundred and thirty miles, into the very heart of an enemy's country,
with two powerful hostile armies not far distant, and then deliberately
returned it intact, over its old track, in three weeks, destroying the
enemy's property far and wide."
The raid had a significance not then fully realized. It was true
the cavalry failed, and the rebel General Polk knew the significance
of that failure when he said in his congratulatory order, " The con-
centration of our cavalry on his column of cavalry from West
Tennessee formed the turning-point of the campaign," but the West-
ern troops had proved their endurance in a long and hazardous
march, away from their base of supplies, into the heart of a hostile
country, and it was seen how they could " subsist" themselves. The
army had, within a month, marched about 400 miles, driven the
enemy out of Mississippi, lived upon rebel stores and " country pro-
duce," and returned in better health than when it started.
" In such indexes there were seen
The baby fingers, of the giant mass
Of things to come at large."
Already to Sherman something was whispering "On to Atlanta,"
and " From Atlanta to the Sea," and in the depths of his deep-set,
piercing hazel eyes were gleaming new fires, the reflection of freshly
kindled purposes.
The Tombigbee was between him and Polk's main army and Smith
was not heard from, so on the 20th McPherson headed back over the
main road, while Sherman accompanied Hurlbut and the handful of
cavalry northward to look for Smith. At Union he sent Colonel
Winslow, with three regiments of cavalry, fifty miles on the road by
which Smith was expected to advance, while the main body moved
to Hillsboro, where McPherson joined it on the 23d.
The return was undisturbed. The total loss was 21 killed, 68
wounded, 81 missing.
On the 14th of March, General Sherman, then commanding the
Military Division of the Mississippi, was summoned to proceed to
Nashville and confer with the Lieuten ant-General, and leaving Mem-
164 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
phis immediately, he joined his illustrious companion-in-arms on tho
17th, and accompanied him to Cincinnati. Then', in a room of the
Burnet House, the conquerors of the rebellion sat down amid their
maps and charts and planned the final campaigns of tho war for the
Union. Sherman says modestly in his report: "We had a full and
complete understanding of the policy and plans for the ensuing cam-
paign, covering a vast area of country, my part of which extended
from Chattanooga to Vicksburg."
The details of that conference may never be entirely known, but
it was known very shortly that concentration was resolved upon.
The war would be directed by a commander in the field, and not
one in a Washington office. Grant was to separate from his West-
ern troops ; Sherman was to be almost supreme Military Dictator
in the Valley of the Mississippi, assisted by such subordinates as
Thomas, McPherson, Schofield, Hooker, Slocum, Howard, Hurlbut,
Logan and Palmer, and commanding nearly 100,000 men. The object-
ive points were Richmond and Atlanta. Illinois had a large number
of her best regiments with Sherman, and naturally his progress
henceforth engrossed her attention.
Four of the noted commanders under Sherman went from Illinois,
two of them we have noticed personally and the third will merit a
few paragraphs which may be given here :
John McAllister Schofield was born in Chautauque County, New
York, September 29, 1831, and has won his laurels while quite a
young man. At twelve years of his age he was brought to Illinois
by his father's removal to this State. He graduated from West Point
at the age of twenty-two. As brevet 2d Lieutenant in the 2d Artil-
lery he was stationed at Fort Moultrie, South Carolina, and also at
Cassin, Florida. After two years he was ordered to West Point as
Instructor in Natural Philosophy, where he remained five years, or
until 1860. He was promoted 1st Lieutenant, and obtained leave of
absence to accept the chair of Natural Philosophy in Washington
University, St. Louis.
When war came he was appointed as mustering officer for the
Missouri troops, and was elected Major of the 1st Missouri Volun-
teers, and also promoted Captain in the Regular Army. He was
Assistant Adjutant-General and Chief of General Lyon's staff at
Wilson's Creek, and narrowly escaped the fate of his command er.
GENERAL SCHOFIELD. 165
In November, he was commissioned Brigadier-General of Volun-
teers, and assigned to command of Missouri militia, and made the
guerrillas who infested that State feel the weight of his iron policy.
In October he was placed in command of the Army of the Frontier,
composed of Missouri and Arkansas troops, and defeated Hindman
near Pea Ridge. While commanding in Missouri his "conservative
tendencies " were distasteful to many Union men, but in the second
contest of Mr. Lincoln, he gave him his ardent support.
In February, 1864, he relieved General Foster at Knoxville, and
remained in command at that point until Spring, when Sherman
placed him in command of the Army of the Ohio, numbering 13,559
men and twenty eight guus. He proved an able leader. At Kene-
saw he won Sherman's hearty approval. He commanded the field-
force thrown out by Sherman to arrest Hood, and fought with ability
the battle of Franklin. In the battle of Nashville he was in com-
mand of the 23d Army Corps, and, with General Smith, made a
decisive charge upon Hood's left. General Sherman ordered that
corps to come to his aid. It was moved in mid-winter to the Poto-
mac in fourteen days without the loss of man or beast, and was
transferred to Wilmington and thence to Newbern to assist Sherman
in his marcn through the Carolinas. Near Kinston he sustained a
furious assault and repulsed it with heavy loss to the enemy. The
rebels made a stand against him at Kinston, but were compelled to
retreat. He moved forward and occupied Goldsboro a short time in
advance of Sherman.
He has made a most desirable record as a soldier, and should war
unhappily come again, is sufficiently young to render the State
service.
CHAPTER X.
SHERMAN'S GRAND MARCH.
Sherman's Statement of the Plan — Inspects nis Department — Supplies — Letter
to Grant — March — Rocky Face Ridge — Buzzard's Roost Gap — Flanking —
Snake Creek Gap— Thomas' Feint— McPiierson's Movement — Camp Creek-
Position of Tkoofs — Hooker in Action — Johnston Retreats — Resaca Ours —
Pursuit — Cost — Logan and Palmer — Ninth Squad — One Hundred and Twenty-
Seventh Color-Bearer — Rome — Adairsville — Lai's Ferry — Sweeney — Sixty-
Sixth Illinois — Allatoona Pass — Headed for Dallas — Reisel Courier — Fight-
ing at New Hope Church — At Dallas — Rebel Bravery — Assault on Bull-Dog
Sweeney — The Pass Secured — Etowa Bridge — Blair with Reinforcements.
GENERAL SHERMAN says, after mentioning the interview
between himself and General Grant narrated in the preceding
chapter :
"I returned to Nashville, and on the 25th [March, 1864], began a tour of inspection,
visiting Athens, Decatur, Huntsville and Larkin's Ferry, Alabama; Chattanooga,
Loudon and Knoxville, Tennessee. During this visit I had interviews with Major-
General McPherson, commanding the Army of the Tennessee, at Huntsville ; Major-
General Thomas, commanding the Army of the Cumberland, at Chattanooga, and
Major-General Schofield, commanding the Army of the Ohio, at Knoxville. We
arranged in general terms the lines of communication to be guarded, the strength
of the rieveral columns and garrisons, and fixed the 1st day of May as the time when
all things should be ready. Leaving these officers to complete the details of organ-
ization and preparation, I returned to Nashville on the lid of April, and gave my
personal attention to the question of supplies. * *
"During the month of April, I received from Lieutcnant-General Grant a map with
a letter of instructions. Subsequently I received notice from him that he would
move from his camps about Culpepper, Virginia, on the 15th of May, and that he
wanted me to do the same from Chattanooga. My troops were still dispersed, and
the cavalry, so necessary to our success, was yet collecting horses at Nicholasville,
Kentucky, and Columbus, Tennessee. On the 2"7th of April, I put all the troops in
motion, for Chattanooga, and on the next day went there in person. My aim and
purpose was to make the army of the Cumberland 50,000 men ; that of the Tennessee
%
THE GKAND ARMY. 167
35,000, and that of the Ohio 15,000. These figures were approximated, but never
reached, the Army of the Tennessee failing to receive certain divisions that were
still kept on the Mississippi, resulting from the unfavorable issues of the Red River
expedition. But on the 1st of May the effective strength of the several armies, for
offensive purposes, was about as follows :
"Army of the Cumberland, Major-General Thomas commanding:
Infantry 54,568
Artillery 2,377
Cavalry 3,828
Total 60,773
Guns 130
"Army of the Tennessee, Major-General McPherson commanding:
Infantry 22,437
Artillery 1,404
Cavalry 624
Total 24,465
Guns , 96
"Army of the Ohio, Major-General Schofield commanding:
Infantry 11,183
Artillery 679
Cavalry 1,697
Total 13,559
Guns 28
Grand Aggregate of troops 98,739
" " " guns 254
"About these figures have been maintained during the campaign, the number of
men joining from furlough and hospitals about compensating for the loss in battle
and from sickness. These armies were grouped on the morning of May 6th as
follows : That of the Cumberland at and near Ringgold ; that of the Tennessee at
Gordon's Mill, on the Chickamauga ; and that of the Ohio near Red Clay, on the
Georgia line, north of Dalton."
It was one of the grandest armies ever led by gallant chieftain.
In the army of the Cumberland were the 4th, 14th and 20th Army
Corps. The 4th Corps, commanded by Major-General Howard,
comprised the divisions of Brigadier-Generals Stanley, NeAVton and
Thomas J. Wood; the 14th, under Major-General Palmer, those of
Jeff". C. Davis, R. W. Johnson and Absalom Baird ; the 20th, under
Major-General Hooker, the hero of "Lookout," those of A. S. Wil-
liams. John W. Geary and David Butterfield.
- 4
168 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
The army of the Tennessee comprised the 15th with portions of
the 16thand lVih Army Corps, nnderMajor-Generals John A. Logan,
George M. Dodge and Frank P. Blair. The remaining divisions of
the 16th and 17th were with Hurlbut and Slocum at Memphis and
Vicksburg, or with the Red River expedition. The 15th Corps
included the divisions of Osterhaus, Morgan L. Smith, John E.
Smith and Harrow; the 16th, those of Ransom, Corse and Sweeney,
and tln> 17th, those of C. R. "Woods and Leggett.
In the cavalry array were McCook's division of the army of the
Ohio, Kilpatrick's and Garrard's divisions of the army of the Cum-
berland, and Edward McCook's brigade of the army of the Tennes-
see. General Sherman says :
"Should Johnston fall behind Chattahoochee, I would feign to the right, but pass
on to the left, and act on Atlanta or its eastern communications, according to devel-
oped facts. This is about as far ahead as I am disposed to look ; but I would ever
bear in mind that Johnston is at all times to be kept so busy that he cannot, in any
event, send any part of his command against you or Banks. If Banks can at the
same time carry Mobile and open up the Alabama River, he will in a measure solve
a most difficult part of my problem — provisions. But in that I must venture.
Georgia has a million of inhabitants. If they can live, we should not starve. If
the enemy interrupt my communications, I will be absolved from all obligations to
subsist on my own resources, but feel perfectly justified in taking whatever and wherever
I can find. I will inspire my command, if successful, with my feelings, and that beef
and salt are all that are absolutely necessary to life ; and parched corn fed General
Jackson's army once on that very ground."
The enemy was before our force in numbers, strong in determina-
tion, commanded by brave and skillful Generals, and able to choose
their position — at least so they supposed. Between the armies was
a rugged and apparently inaccessible out-Iyer of the Alleghanies,
" Rocky-Face Ridge," through which was the defile called " Buz-
zard's Roost Gap," which was cut by Mill Creek, on the bank of
which was the railroad connecting Chattanooga and Dalton. This
pass was strongly defended, flooded by water, and commanded by
batteries, and then the rebel force expected to sweep our men with
destruction, but to give them that opportunity was no part of Sher-
man's plan, yet Dalton must be reached. Southward was Snake
Creek Gap, opening the way to Resaca, where he could strike the
rebel railway communication, eighteen miles below Dalton. Thomas
made a feint, as though he meant to assail the defenses of Buzzard's
Roost moving from Ringgold on the 7th of May,facinj; the Gap, meet-
KESACA. 169
ing but little opposition, carrying the Ridge, "but turning south found
the crest too narrow and well protected by rock epaulements to enable
him to reach the gorge." McPherson reached Snake Creek Gap on
the 8th, surprised a rebel brigade sent to hold it, and, on the 9th,
came within a mile of Resaca, but found it too strongly defended to
be carried by his force and retired on the Gap. At all points the
enemy was pressed, but all points seemed to have been made well-
nigh impregnable. On the 14th the rebel army was confronted in
force in a strong position behind Camp Creek, occupying the forts
at Resaca. A pontoon bridge was thrown by Sherman over the
Oostanaula at Lay's Ferry toward Calhoun, over which was sent
Sweeney's Division of the 16th Army Corps, with orders to threaten
Calhoun ; Garrard's Division of cavalry moved from Villanow, and
crossed, to break the railway below Calhoun and above Kinston,
while the main army pressed Resaca on all sides. McPherson got
across Camp Creek near the mouth, and secured a position near the
rebel works, on hills commanding, with short range artillery, the
railway and its trestle bridges, while Thomas pressed close along
Camp Creek Valley, and enabled Hooker to place his corps across the
head of the Creek, up to the main Dalton road, and down it close
upon Resaca.
Schofield came up in the afternoon amid the thunder of battle,
close upon Hooker's left. The latter drove the enemy from several
strong points on hill-crests, captured a four-gun battery and many
prisoners. That night Johnston retreated south aci'oss the Oostan-
aula, and the next morning our forces entered the town, saving the
highway bridge, but not that of the railroad, which was in flames.
Here another four-gun battery and valuable stores were found.
Pursuit was the order. Thomas pressed on the heels of Hardee,
Gen. McPherson marched by Lay's Ferry, while to the left Schofield
advanced by as many blind roads as were practicable. So Sherman
had won the first stage of his arduous journey, and had rendered vain
almost impregnable defenses, yet not without loss. Nearly 5,000
Union soldiers paid for the victory, killed and wounded, in the
various struggles closing with the battle of Resaca.
Illinois troops were under fire in nearly all of these engagements.
Logan and Palmer, and their associates of the 14th and 15th Army
Corps would never shrink from peril, and their men would follow
170 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
where t h- % would lead. A squad of the 9th Illinois Volunteers
remained after McPherson fell back from R saoa, and coolly am
themselves in cutting the telegraph and destroying the railway nn1 I
the oext day when they came Bafely into camp. A correspondent of
a daily paper narrates the following incident : "As we were failing
back, Che rebels thinking we were repulsed cheered lustily. This
Btung the gallant color-bearer of the 127th Illinois, uamed Hess.
Springing hack to the embrasure he Haunted the colors defiantly at
the enemy. Brave fellow! his death atoned for his rashness. A
rebel shot him through the heart. Other hands took up the flag with
a similar late."
Our pursuing columns pressed forward with the prestige of victory,
receiving Resaca as an omen of resistless victory.
Near Adairsville the rebel force w as again encountered, but it was
gone at morning. Near Cassville the rebel army wasformed in bat-
tle array on the 19th, strongly entrenched, but as our troops con-
verged it again retreated at night, crossing the Etowah and burning
road and railway bridges near Gartersville. Jeff. C. Davis' Division
went off to Rome, and seized its forts, guns, mills and founderies,
and secured two good bridges over the Etowah.
A few days1 rest were given while supplies were brought forward.
In these skirmishes many thrilling incidents occurred. General
Sweeney made a gallant demonstration at Lay's Ferry. He was con-
fronted by a strongly posted rebel brigade, and a fire was opened
across the stream upon Sweeney's men, who had to charge across an
open field to the shelter of some rail fences, from whence they
returned the fire. Meantime, pontoon boats were launched in Snake
Creek, a tributary of the Oostanaula, and six companies of the OGth
Illinois and 81st Ohio were ordered to cross in them. The boats,
with about 300 soldiers, pushed down the stream, when a regular
storm of rebel bullets whistled around them, toppling some into the
water and more into the boats. On they push, blazing away at \]\e
enemy in return. The rebel batteries now open, throwing round
shot and shell among them, plowing up the water around, and in
some cases, tearing through their crowded masses.
"At length they gained the land, and with a shout of triumph and
derision, the brave fellows rushed up the banks, firing as they
ALLATOONA — DALLAS. 171
advanced, then charging right on the enemy breaking and routing
them. Thus did these gallant Western men open a passage across
the river for Dodge's command."
General Sherman was well satisfied that the enemy would con-
front him at Allatoona Pass, and that an attempt to carry it would
be desperate, and determined to turn it by a circuit to the right, and
leaving a garrison at Rome and Kingston, and taking twenty days'
provisions on the 23d, the army was headed for Dallas. General
Thomas captured a rebel courier and learned that Johnston was
apprised of their movements and would be prepared to receive them
in the vicinity of Dallas.
May 25th Thomas was advancing from Burnt Hickory on Dallas, in
three columns, Hooker in advance. He found himself before Jack-
son's Division of rebel cavalry at a creek, which he crossed, barely
saving the bridge already fired. Marching eastward, he drove the
infantry some distance, when his advance, under General Geary,
came in contact with Hood's Corps in line of battle. Three of
Hooker's divisions were on the other roads and it was sometime
before he could mass his corps, when under Sherman's orders he
deployed and drove to secure New Hope Church at the junction of
three roads, from Marietta, Dallas and Ackworth. He met Stewart's
division of Hood's corps and a desperate battle followed, lasting two
hours. Stewart's men were covered by rude earthworks, and Hooker
failed to drive them from the three roads. Morning came. McPher-
son moved up to Dallas, Thomas toward New Hope, while Schofield
swung toward the left to shatter and turn the rebel right. The cav-
alry under Stoneman supported Schofield, Garrard struck with
McPherson, while McCook protected the rear. Thus several days
went on, Sherman designing to work toward the left, and as soon as
possible push for the railway east of Allatoona. Several short, sharp
rencounters occurred. As McPherson was preparing on the 28th to
close his left up on General Thomas, in front of New Hope Church,
that the rest of the army might sweep more leftward and envelop
the rebel right, he was suddenly and ferociously assailed by the rebels
in force at Dallas.
Our men were not unprepared. Strong earthworks had been
thrown up, and the enemy was repulsed. The first attack burst
upon Logan's pickets, and " Black Jack," after a stubborn resistance,
172 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
was compelled t<> Buffer hie advance to fall back upon the main lines.
The massed rebel troops charged in heavy columns upon Harrow'a
division, exposed to a heavy artillery fire. Through that they came
on in gallanl Btyle, up the hill to Our very works, only to meet and
break before a fire our troops had withheld until they had point blank
range. Again they returned and were again repulsed. They next
tried Osterhaus, and were again repulsed.
It was thought they were contented, but not so. Many have heard
of " General Sweeney,'' formerly Colonel of the 52d Illinois, subse-
quently of Fenian notoriety. He lost his right arm in Mexico. He
was in command of a division of the lGth Army Corps, and was
next to receive the shock of the rebel charge. He had met it before,
when his desperate resistance at Stone River went far to save the
day from ruin, and whose companions had given him the expressive
designation of " Bull-dog Sweeney." Sweeney met the twice repulsed
columns and beat them back in broken disordered masses.
For twelve days had these battle-skirmishes gone on, and that
with almost uniform success to us. Again the order was given to
McPherson to close up on Thomas, occupying Thomas' position
before New Hope. Thomas and Schofield moved a corresponding
distance to their left, and swung round occupying the woods leading
to Allatoona and Ackworth. Stoneman's cavalry advanced into
Allatoona at the east and General Garrard's at the west end of the
pass. The infantry closed up, Allatoona pass was turned, Sherman's
second stage was reached in success, and another long stride taken
toward the end.
He ordered rebuilt the Etowah railway bridge, and decided to
leave Johnston in his strongly entrenched position at New Hope, and
move upon the railway at Ackworth, when Johnston gave up his
position and fell back to Lost Mountain. Our army moved to Ack-
worth, reaching the railway on the 6th. On the 7th the confederate
right extended past the railway and over the Ackworth and Marietta
road. Allatoona Pass, the commanding General found admirably
adapted as a secondary base, and put it in order as such, providing
for its defense. At Ackworth General Blair came up with two
divisions of the 17th Army Corps and one brigade of cavalry for
Garrard's division, these bringing the invading column up to about
its original strength.
CHAPTER XI.
KENESAW AND PEACH TREE CREEK.
Prospect — Big Shanty — Sherman's Description of Scenery — His Forces — Opera-
tions to Break Lines — Death of Polk — Railway Rkconnoissance— Lost Mountain
Occupied — Kulp House — Assault or Kenesaw — Sherman's Statement — Illinois —
Newspaper Paragraphs — Logan's Corps — Palmer — Twenty-fifth and Twenty-
seventh — Eighty-ninth — Logan — Fifty-ninth and Seventy-Fourth — Sherman's
Report — Peach Tree Creek — Cincinnati Commercial's Account — Situation —
McPherson's Advance — Eighty-fifth Illinois — Logan's Corps — Palmer's Corps
— Forty-fourth — Hooker in Position and Fighting — Geary — Ward — Face to
Face — Williams — Bradley — Forty-second — Twenty-seventh — Thomas Command-
ing an Eclectic Detachment — One Hundredth — Eighty-eighth — Seventy-fourth
— Coburn — One Hundred and Twenty-ninth and Lieutenant-Colonel Flynn —
McCook —One Hundred and Fourth in Peril — Defeat of Palmer — One Hundred
and Fifth — One Hundred and Twenty-ninth — Importance of this Battle — Ken-
esaw Redeemed — Hood in Command — His Prestige Gone.
THERE was sharp work ahead. Sherman says in his report,
" On the 9th of June, our communications in the rear being
secure and supplies ample, we moved forward to Big Shanty."
Before him was an army, inferior to his own in numbers, but in posi-
tions assumed in the Switzerland of the Southwest, among moun-
tains of rugged grandeur, streams of rapid volume and dense vine-
tangled woodland, with the ablest Southern captain save Lee at its
head, assisted by Polk, Hardee, Cleburn the Western Stonewall
Jackson, Forrest the cavalry brigand, Hood the daring, dashing
leader, soon to be in command, Wheeler and others.
The eye of General Sherman took in the grandeur and the difficulty
of the situation. He says :
"Kenesaw, the bold and striking twin mountain, lay before us, with a high range of
chestnut hills, trending off to the Northeast, terminating, to our view, in another
peak, called Brushy Mountain. To our right was the smaller hill called Pine Moun-
tain, and beyond it, in the distance, Lost Mountain. All these, though links in a.
174: PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
continuous chain, present a Bharp, conical appearance, prominent in the vast
f the hills thai abound in that region Ken-
t-raw, Pine Mountain and Lost Mountain form a Lriangle, Pine Mountain the apex, and
Kenesa^ and Lost Mountain the b i g perfectly the town of Marietta and
the railroad back to the Chattahoochee. <»u each Bide of these peaks the enemy had
The summits were covered with batteries; the Bpurs were alive
with men, busy in felling trees, digging pits and preparing for the grand Btruggle
impending.
" The Bcene was enchanting, too beautiful to be disturbed by the harsh clamors of
war, but the Chattahoochee lay beyond, and I had to reach it."
He thus states the disposition of his forces :
"On approaching close to the enemy, I found him occupying a line full two miles
long, more than he could hold with his force. General Mcl'herson was ordered to
move toward Marietta, his right on the railroad, General Thomas on Kent-saw and
Pine Mountain, and General Schofield oft' toward Lost cfountain ; General Garrard's
cavalry on the left, General Stoneman's on the right, and General McCook looking
to our rear and communications."
By the 11th of June the Federal forces were up, and Sherman
commenced operations with a view to break the rebel line between
Kenesaw and Pine Mountains. McPherson commanded the railroad
line between Allatoona and Kenesaw. Hooker was on the right,
General Howard on the left and front of the enemy, and Gen r i
Palmer between it and the railroad. The 13th and 14th were rainy
days, rendering anything more than artillery practice impossible.
On the morning of the 14th the 4th Corps moved forward in the
center, closing up well on Hooker.
A correspondent of the New York Herald thus details an impor-
tant incident occurring on the 14th:
" Skirmishers were thrown out in order to cover the advance of
our lines, and a few sections of artillery were placed in position.
The skirmishing was pretty brisk toward evening, and the batteries
opened a dropping fire on the rebel position. Sherman rode up to
a battery and turned his glass toward Pine Mountain.
"After taking a good view he turned to the officer in command,
saying 'Captain Simonson, can you send a shell right on the top of
that knob? I notice a battery there and several General officers
near it.'
"Til try, General.'
" The Captain fired, and the General looked on with his glass.
LOST MOUNTAIN OCCUPIED. 175
'"Ah, Captain, a little too high; try again with a shorter fuse;'
and up went the glass to his eye. Away went the shell, tearing
through Bishop Polk in its course.
'"That will do' said Sherman, shutting down his glass.
" It is said that Johnston and Hardee were on their horses beside
Polk when he fell, and when the first shell came they said ' it is safer
to alight.' Polk smiled and still staid surveying our position, and thus
met his death. We knew that night that he was killed, for our sig-
nal officers had discovered the system of rebel signals, which enabled
them to read the dispatches along the enemy's lines."
Lovell succeeded him in command.
On the loth Pine Mountain was found to be abandoned. Thomas
and Schofield advanced to find him entrenched strongly along the
line of merged hills between Kenesaw and Lost Mountain. Durinsr
the operations of the 15th and 16th, Sherman desired to ascertain the
strength of some rebel batteries, known to be posted on their right
flank commanding the Marietta road, and suspected to be of great
strength, but no amount of shelling or sharpshooting would induce
them to uncover. The General ordered out a locomotive, had steam
raised to full head, attached three cars and ordered it started full
speed toward Marietta. With a scream it plunged away, screaming
and snorting as though bound for Atlanta with the latest news. The
enemy started — they supposed it a desperate attempt to run a body
of men past them into Marietta to assail their rear, and instantly
their batteries were ablaze, right and left, throwing shot and shell.
Sherman smiled grimly, and walked away — he had drawn the fire
and ascertained the rebel strength, and it was clear an assault could
not be made. The weather was tempestuous, but our forces pressed
onward slowly but surely. On the 17th the enemy abandoned
Lost Mountain with the long line of admirable breast-works con*
necting it with Kenesaw Mountain. Still the pressure on the rebel
line continued. We quote again from Sherman's report :
" We continued to press at all points, skirmishing in dense forests of timber and
across most difficr.lt ravines, until we found him again strongly posted and entrenched,
with Kenesaw as his salient, his right wing thrown back to cover Marietta, and his
left behind Nose's Creek, covering his railroad back to the Chattahoochee. This
enabled him to contract his lines and strengthen them accordingly.
" From Kenesaw lie could look down upon our camps and observe every move-
176 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
ment, and liis batteries thundered away, but did us little harm, on account of the
extreme bight, the Bhot and shell passing harmlessly over our heads as we lay cloae
up against his hum. main town.
" During our opei ai tone aboul Kenesaw , the weather was villainously bad, and the
rain fell almost continuously for three weeks, rendering our narrow wooded roads
mere mud galleys, so thai a general movement would have been impossible, but our
men daily worked closer and closer to their entrenched foe, and kept up an incessant
picket firing galling to him. Every opportunity was taken to advance oUr general
linos closer and closer to the enemy.
" General MePhereon watching the enemy on Kenesaw and working his left for-
ward, Genera] Thomas, swinging, as it were on a grand left wheel, his left on Kenesaw
connecting with General McPherson, and General Schofieldall the time working to
the south and east along the old Sandtown road. On the 22d General Hooker had
advanced his line, with General Schofield on his right, the enemy, Hood's corps, with
detachments from the others, suddenly sallied and attacked. The blow fell mostly
on General William's division of General Hooker's corps, and a brigade of General
Haseall's division of General Sehofield's army.
"The ground was comparatively open, and although the enemy drove in the skir-
mish lines, an advanced regiment of General Schofield, sent out purposely to hold
him in check until some preparations could be completed for his reception, yet wdien
he reached our line of battle he received a teirible repulse, leaving his dead, wounded,
and many prisoners in our hands. This is known as the affair of the 'Kulp House.'
Although inviting the enemy at all times to commit such mistakes, I could not hope
for him to repeat them after the examples of Dallas and the 'Kulp House,' and upon
studying the ground, I had no alternative in my turn but to assault his lines or turn
his position. Either course had its difficulties and dangers. And I perceived that
the enemy and our own officers had settled down into a conviction that I would not
assault fortified lines."
The severest criticism which assailed the course of General Sher-
man at any point between Chattanooga to Raleigh has concentrated
upon the Kenesaw assault. It Avas a failure, frankly so conceded,
yet had it been a success, it had been lauded, as was the assault on
Mission Ridge. If it had succeeded the results would have been
ample repayment. It cost immensely in life, and added to the count-
less bereavements already sustained. It is better that the gallant
leader shall say to the people, to the fathers, mothers, sisters and
wives of those who fell what he has said to the Government. His
official report says :
"All looked to me to 'outflank.' An army to be efficient must not settle down
to one mode of offense, but must be prepared to execute any plan which promises
success. I waited, therefore, for the moral effect, to make a successful assault
against the enemy behind his breastworks, and resolved to attempt it at that point
where success would give the largest fruits of victory. The general point selected
ASSAULT ON KENESAW. 177
was the left center ; because, if I could thrust a strong head of column through at
that point by pushing it boldly and rapidly two and one half miles, it would reach
the railroad below Marietta, cut off the enemy's right and center from its line of
retreat, and then, by turning on either part, it could be overwhelmed and destroyed.
Therefore, on the 24th of June, I ordered that an assault should be made at two
points south of Kenesaw on the 27th, giving three days' notice for preparation and
reconnoissauce ; one to be made near Little Kenesaw by General McPherson's
troops, and the other about a mile further south by General Thomas' troops. The
hour was fixed, and all the details given in Field Orders No. 28, of June 2L On the
27th of June the two assaults were made at the time and in the manner prescribed,
and both failed, costing us many valuable lives, among them those of Generals
Ilarker and McCook, Colonel Rice and others badly wounded ; our aggregate loss
being near 3,000, while we inflicted comparatively little loss on the enemy, who lay
behind his well formed breastworks. Failure as it was, and for which I assume the
entire responsibility, I yet claim it produced good fruits, as it demonstrated to Gen-
eral Johnston that I would assault, and that boldly, and we also gained and held
ground so close to the enemy's parapets that he could not show a head above them.
" It would not do to rest long under the influence of a mistake or failure, and
accordingly General Schofield was working strong on the enemy's left ; and on the
1st of July, I ordered General McPhcrson to be relieved by General Garrard's cav-
alry in front of Kenesaw, and to rapidly throw his whole army by the right down to
and threaten Nickojack Creek and Turner's ferry across the Chattahoochee, and I also
pushed Stoneman's cavalry to the river below Turner's."
Thus briefly do official reports tell the sad story of repulse and
slaughter.
In the skirmishes preceding the sanguinary battle of the 27th, the
men of Illinois were everywhere that danger was to be confronted,
and they were worthy peers of those who fought beside them. The
newspapers have such paragraphs as these :
" The rebels made a strong attack on McPherson's left, where
they vainly strove to recover their lost position, but were repulsed by
Logan's 15th Corps." "Howard and Palmer were thundering at
their center."
" The 5th Kentucky, 124th Ohio, Hazen's brigade, 32d Indiana,
and 25th Illinois of Gibson's brigade were thrown forward as a
heavy line of skirmishers, by General Wood.. On then- left Wag-
ner's brigade and the 27th Illinois of Harker's brigade were also
deployed, and with one gallant, united effort they succeeded in cap-
turing the enemy's first line of works." Again and again we meet
this same division. Now we meet an honorable mention of the 89th,
made incidentally, showing its bravery in the face of appalling
danger.
12
178 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
On the 26th Logan formed his Corps, entrenching in advanced
position, and on the 27th, at 8 A. M., formed it in battle order, and
led it against the first Line of rebel works through a terrific fire of
musketry and artillery and carried it, and again carried the second
line, and advanced beyond, but the abrupt mountain side and brist-
ling strength of the defenses compelled him to fall back, losing many
valuable lives, to the second line. In all the Western divisions
engaged our State was represented. The 59th was support to the
skirmishers of Newton's division. The 74th was in Harker's brigade,
and in the advance of Newton's division. That gallant young hero
was in the advance, and fell mortally wounded.
The dead were buried, and the wounded cared for, and again the
puzzling tactics of Sherman came in play, and we again quote from
his official report :
" General McPherson commenced his movement the night of July 2d, and the effect
was instantaneous. The next morning Kenesaw was abandoned, and with the first
dawn of day I saw our skirmishers appear on the mountain top. General Thomas'
whole line was then moved forward to the railroad and turned south in pursuit toward
the Chattahoochee. In person I entered Marietta at 8£ in the .morning, just as the
enemy's cavalry vacated the place. General Logan's corps of General MoPherson'a
army, which had not moved far, was ordered back into Marietta by the main road,
and General McPherson and General Schofield were instructed to cross Nickojack
and attack the enemy in flank and rear, and, if possible, to catch him in the con-
fusion of crossing the Chattahoochee ; but Johnston had foreseen and provided against
all this, and had covered his movement well. He had entrenched a strong tete du
vont at the Chattahoochee, with an advanced entrenched line across the road at
Smyrna camp-meeting ground, five miles from Marietta.
" Here General Thomas found him, his front covered by a good parapet, and his
flanks behind the Nickojack and Rottonwood creeks. Ordering a garrison for Mari-
etta, and General Logan to join his own army near the mouth of Nickojack, I over-
took General Thomas at Smyrna. On the 4th of July we pushed a strong skirmish
line down the main road, capturing the entire line of the enemy's pits, and made
strong demonstrations along Nickojack Creek and about Turner's Ferry. This had the
desired effect, and the next morning the enemy was gone, and the army moved to the
Chattahoochee, General Thomas' left flank resting on it near Paices' Ferry, General
McPherson's right at the mouth of Nickojack, and General Schofield in reserve;
the enemy lay behind a line of unusual strength, covering the railroad and pontoon
bridges and beyond the Chattahoochee. Heavy skirmishing along our whole front
during the 5th demonstrated the strength of the enemy's position, which could alone
be turned by crossing the main Chattahoochee River, a rapid and deep stream, only
passable at that stage by means of bridges except at one or two very difficult fords.
" To accomplish this result I judged it would be more easy of execution before he
enemy had made more thorough preparation or regained full confidence, and accord-
CHATTAHOOCHEE. 179
iugly I ordered General Schofield across from his position on the Sandtown road to
Smyrna camp-ground, and next to the Chattahoochee, near the mouth of Soap's
Creek, and effect a lodgment on the east bank. This was most successfully and
skillfully accomplished on the 7th of July, General Schofield capturing a gun, com-
pletely surprising the guard, laying a good pontoon bridge and a trestle bridge, and
effecting a strong lodgment on high and commanding ground, with good roads lead-
ing to the east. At the same time General Garrard moved rapidly on Roswell and
destroyed the factories which had supplied the rebel armies with cloth for years.
C tr one of these, the woolen factory, the nominal owner displayed the French flag,
' >h was not respected, of course. A neutral surely is no better than one of our
o... citizens, and we do not permit our own citizens to fabricate cloth for hostile
uses.
" General Garrard was then ordered to secure the shallow ford at Roswell and hold
it until he could be relieved by infantry ; and as I contemplated transferring the
army of the Tennessee from the extreme right to the left, I ordered General Thomas
to send a division of his infantry that was nearest up to Roswell to hold the ford
until General McPherson could send up a corps from the neighborhood of Nickojack.
General Newton's division was sent and held the ford until the arrival of General
Dodge's corps, which was soon followed by General McPherson's whole army. About
the same time General Howard had also built a bridge at Powers' Ferry ; two milea
below General Schofield had crossed over and taken a position on his right. Thus
during the 9th we had secured three good and safe points of passage over the Chat-
tahoochee, above the enemy, with good roads leading to Atlanta, and Johnston
abandoned his Me du pont, burned his bridges, and left us undisputed masters north
and west of the Chattahoochee, at daylight of the 10th of July.
"This was one, if not the chief, object of the campaign, viz.: the advancement of
our lines from the Tennessee to the Chattahoochee, but Atlanta lay before us only
eight miles distant, and was too important a place in the hands of an enemy to be
left undisturbed with its magazines, stores, arsenals, workshops, founderies, &c, and
more especially its railroads, which converge there from the four great cardinal
points. But the men had worked hard and needed rest, and we accordingly took a
short spell. But in anticipation of this contingency I had collected a well appointed
force of cavalry about 2,000 strong at Decatur, Alabama, with orders, on receiving
notice by telegraph, to push rapidly south, cross the Coosa at the railroad bridge or
the Ten Islands, and thence by the most direct route to Opelika. There is but one
stem of finished railroad connecting the channels of trade and travel between Geor-
gia and Alabama, and Mississippi, which runs from Montgomery to Opelika, and my
purpose was to break it up effectually and thereby cut off Johnston's army from that
source of supply and reinforcement.
" General Rousseau, commanding the District of Tennessee, asked permission to
command the expedition and received it. As soon as Johnston was well across the
Chattahoochee, and as I had begun to maneuver on Atlanta, I gave the requisite
notice, and General Rosseau started punctually on the 10th of July. He fulfilled his
orders and instructions to the very letter, whipping the rebel General Canton
en route; he passed through Talladega, and reached the railroad on the 16th about
twenty-five miles west of Opelika, and broke it well up to that place. Also three
miles of the branch toward Columbus and two toward West Point. He then turned
180 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
north and brought his command Bafelj to Marietta, arriving on the 22d, having sus-
tained a trifling loss no1 to sxoeed thirty men.
'• The main armies remained quiet in their campa on the Chattahoochee until the
lf.tli of July, but the time was employed in collecting Btores at Allatoona, Marietta,
;.„,! N'iuiiiv' trengthening the railroad guards and garrisons, and improving
the pier bridges and roads leading across the river. Genera! Stoneman's and McOook'a
eavalary had Bcouted well down the river to draw attention in that direction, and all
things being ready for a general advance, I ordered it to commence on the 17th ;
General Thomas to cross at Power's and Pain's ferrj bridges, and to march by
Backhead, General Schofield was already across at the mouth of Soap's creek, and
to march by Cross Keys, and General McPherson to direct his course from Roswell
straight against the Augusta road, at some point east of Decatur, near Stone Moun-
tain. General Garrard's eavalary acted with General McPherson, and Generals
Stoneman and McCook watched the river and roads below the railroad. On the
17th the whole army advanced from their camps and formed a general line along the
Old Peach Tree road.
" Continuing on a general right wheel, General McPherson reached the Augusta
railroad on the 18th at a point seven miles cast of Decatur, and with General Gar-
rard's cavalry, and General Morgan L. Smith's infantry division of the 15th Corps,
broke up a section of about four miles, and General Schofield reached the town of
Decatur.
"On the 19th General McPherson turned along the railroad into Decatur, and
General Schofield followed a road toward Atlanta, leading by Colonel Howard's
house and the distillery, and General Thomas crossed Peach Tree creek in force by
numerous bridges in the face of the enemy's intrenched lines. All found the enemy
in more or less force, and skirmished heavily.
" On the 20th all the armies had closed in, converging toward Atlanta, but as a gap
existed between Generals Schofield and Thomas, two divisions of General Howard's
corps of General Thomas' army were moved to the left to connect with General
Schofield, leaving General Newton's division of the same corps on the Buckhead
road. During the afternoon of the 20th, about 4 P. M., the enemy sallied from his
works in force, and fell in line of battle against our right center, composed of Gen-
eral Newton's division of General Howard's corps, on the main Buckhead road; of
General Hooker's corps next South, and General Johnson's division of General
Palmer's corps. The blow was sudden and somewhat unexpected, but General New-
ton had hastily covered his front by a line of rail piles, which enabled him to meet
and repulse the attack on him. General Hooker's whole corps was uncovered and
had to fight on comparatively open ground, and it, too, after a very severe battle,
drove the enemy back to his entrenchments, and the action in front of General
Johnson was comparatively light, that division being well entrenched. The enemy
left on the field over 500 dead, about 1,000 wounded severely, 7 stands of colors
and many prisoners. His loss could not have fallen short of 5,000, whereas ours
was covered by 1,500 killed, wounded and missing; the greater loss fell on General
Hooker's corps, from its exposed condition.
"On the 21st we felt the enemy in his entrenched position, which was found to
(rown the bights overlooking the comparatively open ground of the valley of Peach
Tree Creek, his right beyond the Augusta road to the east, and his left well toward
PEACH TREE CEEEK. 181
Turner's Kerry on the Chattahoochee, at a general distance from Atlanta of four
miles."
" The battle of Peach Tree Creek cannot he dismissed without
further notice. A correspondent of the Cincinnati Commercial
described the situation, the problem and the solution, and we con-
dense his article.
" A very few words will make the situation clear, even to such of
your readers as have not had the opportunity of consulting a good
map of Georgia, since the opening of the campaign.
" Seven miles from the Chattahoochee, in a straight line (nearly
eight by rail), lies the city of Atlanta. The river runs generally
southwest. Our army was advancing along the line of the Atlanta
and Western railroad, in a southeast direction. A little north of
east from the city, fifteen miles in a straight line, is Stone Mountain,
near the base of which rises a stream called Peach Tree Creek, deep
and difficult to cross. The general direction of this creek is west,
it entering the Chattahoochee just above the railroad bridge. The
creek forms nearly a right angle with the river, and within that angle
lies Atlanta. The city then was defended by the Chattahoochee on
the west, and by Peach Tree Creek on the north. This peculiar
conformation of the streams was taken advantage of by the rebel
leaders, and when they fell back across the Chattahoochee, they
arranged their lines also along the two sides of this angle. The
apex of the angle is at the railroad bridge. From that point the
rebel lines ran southwest along the Atlanta side of the river, and
directly east and west along Peach Tree Creek.
" The problem now presented to our commanders was this : Ought
they to force a passage across the river, in the face of the enemy, at
some point or points south of the railroad bridge, and advance upon
Atlanta from the west and south — upon which sides, the river being
crossed, it was comparatively defenseless ; or should they throw their
troops over the river north of the bridge, where they were likely to
meet with little or no opposition, and thence march upon the rebel
defenses south of Peach Tree Creek ? Taking the first course was
to perform what is always considered one of the most difficult achieve-
ments in warfare, namely, to cross a great river in the face of a foe.
The second case involved another exceedingly dangerous undertak-
182 PATRIOTISM 0* ILLINOIS.
ing — the fighting of a great buttle with a river just in the rear. It
w.is finally concluded, however, to risk the seoond alternative — a
conclusion which reflects great honor upon our generalship, and was
fully justified by two considerations : First, our superiority in num-
bers o\er the enemy made the danger of fighting, with a river in our
rear, much less than ordinarily, under similar circumstances; and,
second, a glance at the map will show that by crossing the Chatta-
hoochee south of the railroad bridge, we exposed our line of communi-
cations ; whereas, by crossing north of it we kept this line completely
covered.
" The last of the army, except such portions as were destined to hold
our line of communications, went over the river early on the morning
of the 18th of July. It was a very wise arrangement to throw the
left wing over first, because the higher up the river the crossing was
effected the less liable the troops were to any formidable attack from
the enemy ; and it was a matter of the first importance to have a
strong force on the other side, to assist, if necessary, the right wing,
which was compelled to cross much nearer the rebels and near the
great angle in their lines which I have already described. Besides,
as we should, after getting over the river, be obliged to face the
right, in order to march southward upon the rebel works along Peach
Tree Creek, the left wing would be compelled to move much further
than the right ; and this was an additional reason for its being first
thrown across. Operations actually took place in accordance with
this theory.
"Before any portion of the army of the Cumberland (except How-
ard's corps) had reached the southeast side of the Chattahoochee,
McPherson had made a material advance, moving his extreme left
along a road which runs from Marietta direct to Stone Mountain,
over a branch of Peach Tree Creek, named Nancy Creek, through
the small village of Cross Keys, and forward so as to threaten seri-
ously the line of the Georgia or Augusta Railroad. Schofield, next
to McPherson's troops on the right, and Howard, on Schofield's right,
made corresponding movements. By 10 A. M., on the 19th, Hooker
and Palmer being then over, all portions of the line advanced, almost
everywhere encountering the enemy's skirmishers (principally dis-
mounted cavalry), and everywhere driving them back. Portions of
PEACH TKEE CREEK. 183
Stanley's and Wood's divis:ons very handsomely distinguished them-
selves during this movement and by night of the 19th nearly the
whole army had crossed to the south side of Peach Tree Creek. On
the right, the brigade recently commanded by Colonel Daniel McCook,
(now under the leadership of Colonel Dilworth, of the 85th Illinois,)
met with a determined resistance as it passed over late in the after-
noon, and lost nearly two hundred and fifty of its number, killed,
wounded and captured. Inspired, however, by the gallant spirit of
its recent leader, it maintained its ground until Colonel John G.
Mitchell's brigade had come up to its support, when it drove the
rebels from its front, and immediately threw up fortifications. The
men of Kneffler's brigade (Stanley's division, Howard's corps,) swam
the stream under a fire of artillery, and captured near fifty prisoners
on the south side. Logan's corps, the 15th, moved over to the left
of the Army of the Tennessee, and advancing with rapidity and
energy, its left flank well covered by Garrard's cavalry division, it
struck the Augusta Railroad at a point two and a half miles west of
Stone Mountain and immediately commenced tearing up the track.
This brilliant achievement, in connection with Rosseau's remarkable
and daring raid upon the Atlanta and "West Point (Mobile) Road,
must have greatly alarmed the enemy, and probably determined him
to make, the next day, a desperate effort to drive us out.
" On Wednesday morning, then, behold our entire army south of
Peach Tree Creek, on a line running nearly east and west, and con-
fronting the rebel battalions who occupied strong works just before
them. Day had scarcely dawned when the left wing of the army was
in motion. The l'Zth corps (Blair's) passed to the exti-eme left, Avhile
the 15th (Logan's) marched westward along the Augusta Railroad,
tearing up the track as it went, until it reached Decatur, eight miles
from Stone Mountain. Schofield advanced toward Atlanta, connect-
ing with General Dodge's division of McPherson's army on the left.
Howard, marching by the left flank, formed a junction with Scho-
field ; and Hooker, marching by the right flank, filled up the interval
between Howard and Palmer. By noon of the 20th, the whole army
was in line of battle, nearly in the following order :
"The 14th corps, Palmer's, on the extreme right; the 20th, Hook-
er's, next; the 4th, Howard's, next; the 23d, Schofield's, next; 16th,
1S4 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Dodge's, next, although partly in reserve; (lie 15th, Logan's next;
and tlu1 17th, Blair's, on the extreme left. Garrard's cavalry division
covered our right flank, while General Ed.McGook's held the ferries
alonir the river.
" During die afternoon of the 20th the whole left wing of the army
advanced, driving the enemy before them in a series of sharp anil
brilliant skirmishes, which, occurring between small armies, would
have been called battles. It was in one of these that General Gres-
ham, commanding the right division of the 17th corps, received a
severe if not dangerous wound. By nightfall our extreme left had
advanced nearly ten miles south of the Augusta Railroad, and rested
at a point which was a little south of east from Atlanta.
" The line which I spoke of as existing at noon on Wednesday, was
not everywhere complete. A line of skirmishers (the 121st Ohio,
Colonel Banning,) connected General Palmer's right with the Chat-
tahoochee, and only a strong line of skirmishers connected the left
of General Newton's division with the remainder of the 4th corps —
a gap of nearly two miles being thus held. The situation was a dan-
gerous one, and General Thomas, with his accustomed wisdom and
promptness, immediately commenced a series of movements for the
purpose of closing it. Subsequent events and the statements of
rebel prisoners, revealed the fact that the enemy were aware of the
existence of this gap — were actually hunting for it when they made
their furious assault upon us in the evening, and most providentially
failed to find it.
" Shortly after leaving the south branch of Peach Tree Creek, the
ground begins to rise. A prolonged stretch of high ground extends
thus all along the creek to the river, forming a ridge, cut with deep
ravines, in Howard's front, a sort of broken table land in Hooker's,
and rising into two considerable hills in Palmer's. On this range of
bights, but at a considerable distance from the northern edge, was
the enemy's principal line of works. The ground in front of How-
ard was densely wooded, as was mostly that in front of Palmer. But
on a great part of Hooker's front, after ascending to the table land,
was a considerable space of open fields, on the other side of which
in the direction of Atlanta, were heavy woods. Behind all three of
these corps ran Peach Tree Creek, through open ground, with high
PEACH TREE CEEEK. 185
ground (also open) still further back, and furnishing splendid posi-
tions for oui- batteries, of which the experienced and able artillerists
on Davis, Baird, Johnson, Hooker, Newton and Howard's staffs did
not fail to avail themselves.
"It was shortly after 12, noon, when in accordance with General
Thomas' design of closing up the Gap I have spoken of, General
Newton's division prepared to advance from the bank of the creek,
in order to relieve Hazen's brigade of Wood's division, which had
been thrown over previously, and allow it to move off to the left, as
well as to take up a position, which, by materially shortening our line,
would tend still further to close up the interval between Newton and
Wood.
" A strong skirmish line was sent out to feel for the enemy, who
bad rifle pits in advance of their principal works. Colonel Barrett,
44th Illinois, was put in command of the skirmishers, who comprised
six regiments, four from Brigadier-General Kimball's brigade and
two from Colonel Blake's. The latter officer is at present in com-
mand of General Wagner's brigade. The whole line advancing
with rapidity and enthusiasm, drove the rebels from their rifle pits,
and captured several, with the loss of only two men. This brought
them within 850 yards of the main rebel works.
" Our line of battle quickly followed up this advance, and Kimball
and Blake immediately took up a position on the ridge. The men
had merely halted, as they supposed, for the purpose of eating their
dinner, but were ordered to commence constructing a line of barri-
cades. No order is more cheerfully obeyed by our soldiers, when in
presence of the enemy, than this, and in this instance, as the event
subsequently proved, saved hundreds of their own lives, and perhaps
prevented the rout of their division. Colonel Blake, never slow to
follow any good example, did not hesitate an instant in this case ;
and the clatter of logs and rails thrown together, with the ringing
of picks, spades and shovels, resounded all along his front.
" The enemy made repeated eflbrts, from noon to half past two,
to ascertain the position of our forces ; and there was heavy skirmish-
in o- along Wood and Stanley's fronts, as well as along the skirmish
line, which, stretching across the great gap, connected the left of
Newton with the right of Wood. Then there was a temporary lull
alone the whole line.
lNti rATHlOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
"It was about half past three when the enemy's skirmishers,
advancing as if to reoonnoiter, gave notice that something was
impending. Our line had halted longer than was expected, and was
just uiioii the point of resuming the advance, when this appearance
of the rebels determined Newton to remain behind his hastily con-
Strncted works on the hill, and Hooker to march his troops at onco
from the low ground in front of him, so that he might connect with
Newton's right. The order to advance was scarcely given, when
from the high ground north of the stream, all Hooker's batteries,
and part of Howard's, broke forth in a simultaneous peal of thun-
der. The rebel legions were pouring forth from the woods beyond
the open fields at the top of the ridge and, pressing forward, rank
behind rank, in startling and magnificent array, seemed resolved to
crush at one blow whatever might oppose them. This spectacle the
artillerists upon the elevated ground, north of the creek, could plainly
see, but the infantry, climbing up the hill, on the south, could not.
A moment later, and a savage yell upon the left, followed by the
clang and clatter of ten thousand muskets, announced that Newton's
division had been assailed by the foe. On Newton's front the enemy
did not wait to push forward a skirmish line, but charged at once in
lines of battle, two and three deep. Our skirmishers in advance of
our hastily constructed works, were driven in with the velocity of a
whirlwind, and as they rushed back in disordered haste, came near
throwing into confusion the extreme right of Newton, and for a
moment caused it to give way.
" Meantime, Brigadier-General Geary's division of Hooker's corps,
which, was considerably in advance of both Williams' division on
the right and Ward's (Butterfield's) on the left, was struck by the
rushing storm, and temporarily shattered. Both his right and his
center divisions were pushed from their positions, after a short and
desperate resistance, and hurled down the hill nearly to the banks
of the creek. General Ward's division was still advancing up the
hill side, when the wary old Kentuckian saw, as he then supposed,
both Geary on his right and Newton on his left, overthrown. He
was about to detach three or four regiments to their assistance, when,
to his astonishment, the whole scene was changed as if by magic.
'Newton's line became firm as a rock, and, without another sign of
WARD AND GEAKY. 187
wavering, continued to pour into the rebel host a steady, uninter-
rupted, and deadly fire. At the same time Geary's disordered regi-
ments reformed, even under a withering fire from the enemy, while
a couple of his butteries, directing their pieces full at the right flank
of the lines which had driven us back, tore them in pieces with a tor-
nado of shot and shell. The indentation in our lines produced by
the giving way of Geary's two brigades, became a pit of death into
which hundreds of maddened rebels plunged, only to die or to fall
wounded and bleeding upon the sod. Not another inch did Geary
retire, but began slowly to advance, until, when the fight closed, he
occupied exactly the same ground as when it began.
" It was just as General Ward became convinced that all was
going well with Newton and Geary, that his own line reached the
edge of the kind of table line I have described, only to find itself
confronted at a distance of thirty paces, with the flower of the rebel
army ! The fearful tumult that at once burst forth was such that no
man could tell which portion of it was the roar of musketry, and
which the fierce, indignant, defiant yell that each host hurled at the
other. Both were surprised. Our men scarcely knew that the
enemy had emerged from the opposite woods, when they found them-
selves full in their presence. The rebels, disappointed elsewhere,
supposed they had certainly reached their long-looked-for gap, but
found instead a line of battle and a sheet of vindictive fire ! Both
lines instantly charged forward, pouring the leaden hail full into each
other's bosoms. They stood in some places but fifteen feet apart,
and still hurled death in each other's faces. They charged again, and
the men intermingled and fought hand to hand ! In places the lines
crossed each other, and wheeled round only to renew the combat,
the rebels facing Atlanta, the soldiers of the Union, Peach Tree
Creek !
" When the storm broke upon Geary, General Williams' division
had advanced upon the extreme right of Hooker's corps, almost as
far as Geary himself. The gallant old* veteran was struggling
through a dense forest, and striving to form connection with Geary
on his left, when suddenly the woods in front of him were filled with
fierce yells and spurts of fire and whizzing missels, as if each tree
had held
188 PATRIOTISM <>!' ILLINOIS.
■■ 'A - ; , i ,- ■ i prisoned in tta breast,
Which the first Btroke of coming strife
Hud Btartled into hideous lifi I '
But neither "Williams nor his division are made of the materia] which
Learns easily to quail. The savage yells of the demons of slavery
were answered by the loud shouts of freemen, battling for their
country and their God. A bristling Hue of steel, glittering with fire,
everywhere mel and checked the rebel advance. A i'vw rude and
unfinished bulwarks of rails, thrown together by the men when they
had last halted, furnished but little protection from the pitiless
showers of bullets Hung from the muskets of the enemy; hut, in
spite of rebel daring, energy and hate, Williams would not yield a
foot of ground.
" Colonel Bradley's brigade of Newton's division (to the command
of which lie succeeded after the death of the noble Harker), was
formed in columns of the regiments along the road leading from
Buckhead to Atlanta, when the fight commenced. Immediately
after the rebel assault began upon Newton's front, the 64th Ohio and
42d Illinois were sent to support Colonel Blake, while the 27th Illi-
nois was dispatched to the assistance of General Kimball. The
remainder of the brigade was at first also intended to go to the sup-
port of Blake; but its destination was changed, and ii was formed
in order of battle along the Atlanta road, where it assisted in repell-
ing and capturing a column of the enemy which had forced its way
past Blake's left flank and actually gained our rear.
"This incident deserves to be further noticed. So intense was the
interest among our men to repel the rebels in our immediate front,
that they did not perceive a small column had passed around entirely
to the left of Blake, and penetrated the right of that long line of
skirmishers which I have described as alone holding the huge gap
between Newton and Wood, until they heard the noise of conflict
immediately in their rear. The rebels had reached the Buckhead
and Atlanta road. General Thomas was overlooking the progress
of the fight in the rear of Newton. The moment he perceived the
body of rebels, he hastily got together a force consisting of the pio-
neers of Kimball's brigade, some of the straggling skirmishers who
ha 1 Q ! before the first rebel onset, and a couple of pieces of artil-
ILLINOIS TEOOPS. 189
lery. Taking immediate personal command of this novel battalion,
lie assailed the astonished rebels, and killed and captured the whole
body.
"The 57th Indiana and 100th Illinois, of Colonel Blake's brigade,
which were advanced in the first place as skirmishers, were separated
for some time from the remainder of the brigade by the rebel column
above mentioned.
" The right of Colonel Blake's brigade rested on the Atlanta road,
the left of General Kimball's upon the same. Four guns of Good-
speed's Ohio Battery, under command of Lieutenant Scovill, were
placed upon the Atlanta road, just in rear of these two brigades, and
during the whole time the fight lasted did terrible execution upon the
enemy. Once the rebels came up the ravine just to the left of the
road, in close column, with 'Brigadier-General' Stephens at their
head, determined, if possible, to capture these four pieces ; but Kim-
ball's left regiment, 74th Illinois, on the right of the road, and Blake's
right regiment, the 88th Illinois, on the left of the road, poured into
the column so terrible a direct »and cross fire, that it reeled, staggered
and broke in confusion, leaving its leader dead upon the field.
" The brigade which formed the left of General Ward's division
is commanded by Colonel Jas. Wood of the 136th New York. But
two of its regiments were in front line when the conflict commenced,
the 28th Wisconsin and 20th Connecticut. The 55th Ohio afterward
took part in the fighting, as did the 73d, which relieved the 26th
Wisconsin, and the 136th New York, which relieved the 20th Con-
necticut. The troops immediately opposed to Colonel Wood were
a Mississippi brigade, under command of a ' Brigadier- General'
Featherstone, who was killed early in the fight. Colonel Wood did
all that was required of him.
"The center of General Ward's division was held by Colonel
Coburn's brigade. It was pai't of Colonel Coburn's brigade, which,
in the terrible shock along the front of Ward's division, exchanged
places with a part of the rebel line, and wheeled about to renew
the fight with them.
" The next brigade going toward the left, was General Ward's,
commanded by Colonel Harrison, of the 70th Indiana. It did its
full share of this glorious day's work. When the great charge of
I
190 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
the rebels and counter-charge by our men were made, the 129th
Illinois engaged the enemy in a hand-to-hand conflict, in which offi-
cers as well as men mingled indiscriminately. Lieutenant-Colonel
Flynn and a rebel Colonel, each with a gun in his hand, fought each
other for a considerable time, each dodging around a bush repeatedly,
so as to give or avoid a shot.
"Colonel Anson G. McCook, of the 2d Ohio, commanded a brigade,
consisting of old regiments, each of which has a historical name,
and was until recently under command of Brigadier-General Car-
lin. The latter being on leave of absence, Colonel McCook assumed
command. On him was devolved the duty of clipping the left wing
of the rebel'host which pounced upon us. He was on the extreme
left wing of Palmer's oorps, and his was the left brigade of General
Johnson's division. It was formed into two lines, the first com-
manded by Colonel Taylor, of the 15th Kentucky; the second by
Colonel Hobart, 21st Wisconsin. The brigade advanced to the top
of the ridge in front, to keep in line with General Hooker, and had
time to throw up some slight works before it was assailed. This
remark applies to the first line only — the second had no works.
" The 104th Illinois, on the left of the first line was somewhat in
advance of the other regiments, in consequence of the peculiar nature
of the grounds, and was therefore the first struck when the rebels
came thundering upon us. A brave stand was made, and then the
right of the regiment began to crumble away. Colonel McCook,
while feeling deeply the heavy responsibility resting upon his should-
ers, remained cool and self-possessed as a veteran. He knew how ter-
rible the result might be if this portion of our line was broken. Yet
the rebel legions had advanced entirely up to our rude works, and a
rebel color-bearer stuck his detested flag into one of the logs com-
posing them. He almost instantly paid for his audacity with his life,
being both shot and bayoneted where he stood. While the rebels
were pressing with exultant shouts after the retiring 104th, the 15th
Kentucky, 42d and 88th Indiana, which were in the line further back
than the 104th, were shifted around in such a way that they were
enabled to pour into the advancing enemy a destructive flanking and
cross fire, which at once chilled his ardor and sent him to the right
about. Again they essayed to charge ; but by this time the gallant
GENERAL PALMER. 191
Colonel Hobart had placed the second line in such positions that it
could assist materially in the conflict, and again the rebel flood was
rolled back. Thus gloriously did Colonel McCook inaugurate his new
command, and showed himself a worthy namesake of him whose
blood bathed the soil of Alabama, and of him who gave his life for
freedom at Kenesaw.
"All along the portion of our lines which we have just reviewed,
the noise of battle continued to resound. At every point the rebel
battalions seemed to have charged at least three times, and thrice
the ground was left literally covered with their dead and mangled
bodies. Against our single unprotected line of battle on Hooker's
front, they hurled repeatedly two and three ; and although our loss
was here most terrible, yet that of the rebels so far exceeded it as
to be almost unexampled in the history of warfare. By nightfall the
charging squadrons had been everywhere repulsed, and driven in
confusion and dismay back to their barricades. When this glorious
consummation became fully evident, there rose all along our battle-
begrimmed ranks, so loud, so strong, so exultant, so terrible a cheer
that it must have paled the cheeks of guilty traitors even in the
streets and houses of Atlanta.
" Major-General Palmer is one of our leaders whose prudence and
foresight did much to avert disaster this day, and enable us to win
victory. He seemed to have an instinctive perception of the impend-
ing attack, and at midnight of the 19th, sent word to all his division
commanders to strengthen their works. Had this not been done, the
storm would probably have burst on him instead of Hooker. As it
was, it touched only his extreme left, with what result we have already
seen. I was overcome with emotion when I saw him late on the
evening of the 20th, standing near a ridge swept by rebel cannon,
surrounded by Von Schrader, McClurg, Shaw, and one or two other
members of his excellent staff, and rejoicing with almost boyish
exultation at the result of the battle, which his own wise precaution
had contributed so materially to bring about.
"The 105th Illinois captured two colors, the 129th one."
It may seem that unusual space has been accorded to this engagement
in which our total loss in killed and wounded did not reach 3,000, but it
must be remembered that upon its results depended history. Johnston
L92 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
had been superseded by order of Jefferson Davis, and Bood was in
oommand. He knew of the gap between Thomas and Schofield, and
with desperate promptness attempted to throw his massed strength
int. i it, and mel Hooker and defeat. Had he succeeded he would
have struck right and left in detail. Atlanta was virtually won at
Peach Tree Creek, and the failure of Kenesaw Mountain redeemed,
and H I's prestige broken with his ftrst.blow. Our troops were in
the terrible melee as the statement has shown.
t^
^{i tji&<£^v^<^
"OLS.
XPRESSLY FOR CLARKE & CO. PUBLISHERS .
CHAPTER XII.
INTO ATLANTA.
Atlanta — Its Importance — Heart of Confederacy — Must Be Taken — Hood in
Command — Sherman's Report — The Chattahoochee — Battle of July 22d —
McPherson Killed — Logan in Command — Blair Assailed by Hardee — Sweeney
— Dodge — Twelfth Illinois — Sixteenth Corps — Long's Corps — Smith's Division
— Loss of Guns — The Crisis — Sherman — Order to Logan — Charge — Wood — Vic-
tory— Guns Retaken — What Sherman Says — The Stoneman Raid — Changes in
Command — Hooker — Palmer — Howard — Slocum — Davis — Williams — Battle of
Jonesboro — Victory Decisive — Rebel Retreat — Pursuit — "Atlanta Ours and
Fairly Won" — Sherman's Promotion — Re-union and Freedom.
* f A TLANTA," said a rebel newspaper, " is the gate city from.
J\ the North and West to the Southeast. Its fall would
open the way for the Federal array to the Gulf on one hand, and
Charleston on the other, and close up those rich granaries from
which Lee's army is supplied. It would give them control of our
net-work of railways and thus paralyze our efforts.
" The capture of Richmond would prove of greater advantage to
our enemies in a political point of view than any other sense. With
our capital in their possession we would find additional influence
brought against us abroad ; but as a material loss its fall would in
no manner compare with the disadvantages which would result from
a defeat of General Johnston, and the occupation of Georgia that
would follow. To lose the one would be as the loss of a limb ;
should we be driven from the other, it will be a terrible blow at our
most vital point."
Hood had declared " We cannot lose Atlanta. If we do, the
confederacy is broken. For my part I'll fight while a man stands
by me, even until the streets of the city run with our blood."
13
194 PATRIOTISM OB ILLINOIS.
lis importance it Been in thai il is the entrepot for the following
railways : The < reorgia, connecting Atlanta and Augusta, the Macon
and Western to Macon, the Western and Atlantic-, to Chattanooga,
and the Lagrange branch road to West Poinl on the Chattahoochee.
Ji was the heart of the confederacy pumping vitalized blood into the
arteries extending to the extremities. By these lines it was con-
n< <■!■ .1 w ith the whole country. It is, by rail, one hundred and Bev-
enty-one miles from Augusta; one hundred, and one from Macon1;
two hundred and ninety-two from Savannah, one hundred and thirty-
eight from Chattanooga. Davis said, " It must not be given up."
Here were the confederate rolling mills, founderies, machine shops,
laboratories.; here were great grain store-houses; here were the
arsenal, oil stores, the pork depots, clothing factories, Aj<\ X<>
wonder it was to be defended to the extremity; no wonder that
Grallt and Sherman determined to take it, cost what it might.
Johnson's p<>]i<y was to compel Sherman to garrison pqst after
post. As be fell baok, Sherman must weaken the force with whicb
he followed, and in due time he would strike the daring leader and
his weakened army and crush him. Davis rejected the policy, and
gave the command to Hood, brave, :iUo, careless of human life, dis-
posed to field work, wdio inaugurated his campaign by his assault at
Peach Tivc ('reek, and was about to repeat the experiment in another
bold, costly, yet fruitless movement.
Yet his movements at first were in part deceptive. He, General
Sherman, says:
in -
" On the morning of the 22d, somewhat to my surprise, this whole line was found
abandoned, and I confess I thought the enemy had resolved to grve us Atlanta with-
out further contest; Inn General Johnston had been relieved of his command and
'.•mini JJood substituted. A new policy seemed resolved <»n, of which the bold
attack on our right was the index. Our advancing ranks swept across the strong
and well finished parapet of the enemy, and closed in upon Atlanta until we occu-
pied aline in the form of a general circle of about two miles' radius, when we again
found him occupying in force a line of finished redoubts, which Had been prepared
for more than a year, covering all the roads leading into Atlanta; and we Jound him
also busy in connecting those redoubts with curtains strengthened by rifle trenches,
abattis and chevaux-de-frise."
The General arranged his force to meet whatever emergency- might
arise. He says:
JULY TWENTY-SECOND. 195
'■ General MePherson, who had advanced from Decatur, continued to follow sub-
stantially the railroad, with the 15th Corps, General Logan, the 17th, General Blair
on its left, and the lfith, General Dodge on its right, but as the general advance of
all the armies contracted the circle, the 16th Corps, General Dodge, was thrown out
of line by the 15th connecting on the right with General Schofield near the How-
ard house. General MePherson, the night before, had gained a high hill to the
south and east of the railroad, where the. 17th Corps had, after a. severe fight,
driven the; enemy, and it, gave him a most commanding position within easy view of
the very heart of the city. He had thrown out working parties to it, and was mak-
ing preparations to oecupy it in strength with batteries; The 10th Corps, General
Dodge^ was ordered from right to left to occupy this position and make it a strong
general left flank. General Dodge was moving by a diagonal path or wagon track
leading from the Decatur road in the direction of General Blair's left flank.
" ABbu*TO A. M. I was in person with General Schofield examining' the appear-
ance of the enemy's lines opposite the distillery^ where we attracted enough of the
enemy's fire of artillery and musketry to satisfy me the enemy was in Atlanta in
force, and meant to fight, and had gone to a large dwelling close by, known as the
Howard house, where General MePherson joined me. He described the condition of
thingsiom his flank and the disposition o-frhis troops, I explained to him that if we
met serious resistance in Atlanta, as present appearances indicated, instead of oper-
ating against it by the left I would extend to the right, and that I did not want him
to gain much distance to the left. He then described the hill occupied by General
Leggett's division of General Blair's corps1 as essential to the occupation of any
ground to the east and south of the Augusta railroad on, account of its cornmanding
naturer, I. therefore ratified his disposition of troops, and modified a, previous order
I had sent him in writing to use General Dodge's corps, thrown somewhat in reserve
by the closing ifp of our Kne, to break up the railroad, and I sanctioned its going, as
already ordered by General MePherson, to ins left, to hold and fortify that position.
The General remained with me till near noon, when some reports reaching us that
indicated a movement of the enemy on that flank, he mounted and rode away with
his staff. I "must here also state that the day before I had detached General Gar-
rard's cavalry to go to Covington, on the Augusta road, forty-two miles east off
Atlanta, and from that point to send detachments to break the two important bridges
across the.XeJlow and Ulcofauhatchee rivers, tributaries of Ocmulgee,.and General
MePherson had also left his wagon train at Decatur, under a guard of three regi-
ments commanded by Colonel, now General Sprague. Soon after General MePher-
son left me at the Howard house, as before'described, I heard the sounds of musketry
to our left rear, at first mere pattering shots, but soon they grew in volume, accom-
panied,with artillery, and about the same time the sound of guns was heard in the
direction of Decatur. Xo doubt could longer be entertained of the enemy's plan of
action, which Was to throw a superior force On our left flank, while he held us with
his forts in front, theonly question being as to the amount of force he could employ
at that point. I hastily transmitted orders to all points. of our center and right to
press forward and give full employment to all. the enemy in his lines, and for Gene-
ral Schofield to hold as large a force in reserve as possible, awaiting developments,
Not more than half an hour after General McPRersori had left me, viz., about 12^ M.
of the 22d, his Adjutant-General, Lieutenant-Colonel Clark, rode up and reporter
19G PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
that General McPherson was either dead or a prisoner ; that he had ridden from mo
'a column, movii i scribed, and had > ■ ■ r 1 1 <>tr nearly
all his Btaff and orderliea on various errands, and himself had passed into a narrow
path or road that led to the left and rear of General Gilee \ - rision, which
leneral Blair's extreme left ; that a few minutes after he had entered the woods
a sharp volley was heard in that direction, and his horse had come out riderless,
having two wounds. The suddenness of this terrible calamity would have over-
whelmed me with grief, but the living demanded my whole thoughts. I instantly
dispatched a staff officer to (leneral John A. Logan, commanding the 15th I
to tell him what had happened ; that he must assume command of the army of the
Tennessee, and hold stubbornly the ground already chosen, more especially the hill
gained by General Leggelt the night before."
So opened a brittle bloodier than had yet marked the great march.
The death of McPherson was a terrible calamity, for few of the gal-
lant subordinates of Sherman equaled him in ability or popularity.
His death was for a time concealed from the men, but when known
caused the most intense sorrow. Logan quietly assumed command,
and developed anew the soldierly qualities which had already given
him so prominent a place among civilian generals.
At high noon the sun looked down on a desperate struggle, liar-
dee assailed Blair's left flank, overlapped it, and swung around until
he came in contact with Dodge's corps in motion. In front of the
17th Army Corps there was bloody work. Sweeney formed his
division, and placed Rice's brigade facing the rear, Mersey's (9th
Illinois) southward, with Morrill's on his right. Dodge's right was
about to be turned when he ordered the 81st Ohio and 12th Illinois
under Von Sellar to charge the rebel flank. They crossed a valley,
swept around the point of a ridge and burst upon the foe like a thun-
derbolt, strewing the ground with dead and wounded, capturing seve-
ral prisoners and two stands of colors. "Bull-dog Sweeney" stood
like a rock before Hardee, staying his advance, holding his ground
against fearful odds until the troops could take position. The assault
on our 17th Corps was terrible. The 10th Corps was involved by
rebel masses, and lost several guns. Giles Smith's and Leggett's
divisions fought against a swarm of troops — the old entrenchments
was their battle-ground, and they fought on either side. Logan's
corps at the center fought for victory and for life. Morgan Smith's
division was so cut up it was compelled to retire. Our artillery was
in part captured, including the celebrated Parrot 20-pounders, and
Murray's regular artillery.
*' RETAKE THOSE GDNS." 197
Sherman saw the crisis. On a hill near Colonel Howard's house
he placed a hattery of the 15th Corps and one of the 23d, where
they commanded a converging and enfilading fire upon the lines of
gray, and sent to Logan the simple order " You must retake those
guns." Logan rode along his columns inspiriting them by stern, burn-
ing words, and prepared to obey the order. Wood's division was
to lead the charge. Wood swung his men so as to envelop the rebel
rear, and supported by a portion of Schofield's command the charge
was made. The 15th met the rebel column — the batteries near
Colonel Howard's house opened upon the enemy — too near for artil-
lery, a cheer rang along our lines, a low deadly fire sent death and
wounds into the rebel column, it staggered, paused — down to their
level came the cold bayonets of our army, and forward ! The rebels*
until now flushed with success, broke and fled ! A wild shout — a
charge along the whole line, a seizure of all our lost artillery, except
two guns, a pursuit and a victory. Hood had been a second time
foiled. Sherman's official account is. the following:
" Already the whole line was engaged in battle. Hardee's corps had sallied from
Atlanta, and by a wide circuit to the east had struck General Blair's left flank, envel-
oped it, and his right had swung around until it hit General Dodge in motion. Gene-
ral Blair's line was substantially along the old line of the rebel trench, but it was
fashioned to fight outward. A space of wooded ground of near half a mile, inter-
vened between the head of General Dodge's column and General Blair's line, through
which the enemy had poured, but the last order ever given by General McPherson
was to hurry a brigade (Colonel Wangelin'6) of the 15th Corps across from the rail-
road to occupy this gap. It came across on the double quick and checked the
enemy. While Hardee attacked in flank, Stewart's corps was to attack in front
directly out from the main works, but fortunately their attacks were not simultaneous.
.The enemy swept across the hill which our men were then fortifying, and captured
the pioneer company, its tools, and almost the entire working party, and bore down
on our left until he encountered General Giles A. Smith's division of the 17th Corps,
who was somewhat 'in air,' and forced to fight first from one side of the old rifle
parapet and then from the other, gradually withdrawing, regiment by regiment, so
as to form a flank to General Leggett's division which held the apex of the hill,
which was the only part that was deemed essential to our future plans. General
Dodge had caught and held well in check the enemy's right, and punished him
severely, capturing many prisoners. Smith (General Giles A.) had gradually given
up the extremity of his line and formed a new one whose right connected with Gene-
ral Leggett, and his left refused, facing southeast. On this ground and in this order
the men fought well and desperately for near four hours, checking and repulsing f>!l
the enemy's attacks. The execution on the enemy's ranks at the angle was terrible,
and great credit is due both Generals Leggett and Giles A. Smith and their men for
108 v.\ i ftiotisii 6t n 1 1-
their ti.ir.l .ui'i stubborn fighting. The enemj Made bo further ■nvgrwti on that
flank, and by 1 1'. M. Iiail ahnu-t givfn i-p tin- ai tempt. I n the meantime W !,••
cavalfj unopposed (for, General Garrard (ran absent at Covington bj mj order) had
reached D< catur and attempt* a to capture tlie wagon train-, but Colonel, ho* I
ral 9p rfed them with greal skill and siicoes*, sending them" ♦*» ih<> rear of
Generals Seboflfcld and Tbtfttiu, and d*( drawing hack from Decatur till every «
.'.- <-\..-|'L I li!«-<- which the te.mi-ters had left, earning off the mules. On our
extreme left the enemy had taken ° complete battery of bis guns, with its horses
(Murray's), of the Regular Army, as it was moving along unsupported and unappre-
hensive of danger, in a rarrow, wooded road, in that unguarded iptttfl between the
head of OeneraJ Dodge's column and toe Bn§ of bottle op the ridge above, but most
of tlio nen escaped to tic busies. He also goJ two other gups on tin- extreme left
tiank, that were left on the ground as General Giles A. Smith drew on his men \z
the manner heretofore described. About 1 P. M., there was quite a lull, during
whfch th'e enemy feM forward on the railroad and main Decatur road, and suddenly
assailed ■ regiment which, with a section of gUOS, had beep thrown forward as a kind
of picket, and captured the two guns; he then advanced rapidly and broke through
our lines at that point which had been materially weakened by the withdrawal of
Colonel Martin's brigade, sent by General Logan's order to the extreme, left The
Other brigade, General I.ighthurn, which hold this part of the line, fell back in some
disorder about four hundred yards, to a position held by it the night before, leaving
the enemy for a time in possession of two batteries, one of which, a 20-pounder Par-
rott battery of 4 <_'uns, was most valuable to us, and separating General Wood'- and
General Harrow's divisions of the 15th Corps, that were on the right and left of the
railroad, l'x-ing in person close by the spot, and appreciating the vast importance
of the comieetion at that point, I ordered certain batteries of General Sehotield to
be moved to a position somewhat commanding, by a left Hank tire, and ordered an
incessant (ire of shells- on the enemy within sight, and the woods be-ropd, to prevent
his reinforcim:. I also sent orders to-General Logan, which he had already antici-
pated, to make the 15th Corps regain its lost ground at any cost,- and instne sti d
General Wood8, supported by General Schofield, to use his division and sweep the
parapet down from where he held it until he saved tin- batteries and recovered the
lost ground. The whole was executed in superb style, at times our men asd the
enemy fighting across the narrow parapet, but at last the enemy gave way asd the
10th Corps regained its position and all the guns except the two advanced ones
which were out of view and had been removed by the enemy wiihin his main work.
With this terminated the battle of the 12 :M, which cost us 3,72? killed, wounded and
prisoners.
"But anions the dead was Major-Oeieral MePherson, whose body was recovered and
brought to me in the heat of the battle, and I had sent it in charge of his personal
staff back to Marietta on its way to his Northern home. He was a noble youth, of
striking personal appearance, of the highest professional capacity, and with a heart
abounding in kindness that drew to him the affections of all men. His sudden death
devolved the command of the army on the no less brave and gallant General Logan,
who nobly sustained his reputation and that of his veteian army, and avenged the
death of his comrade and commander. The enemy left on the field his dead and
wounded, and about a thousand well prisoners. His dead alone are computed by General
STONEMAN. 199
Logan at 3,240, of which number 2,200 were from actual count, and of these he
delivered to the enemy, under a flag of truce, sent in by him {the enemy) 800 bodies.
I entertain no doubt that in the battle of July 22d the enemy sustained an aggregate
loss of full 8,000 men."
General Garrard had been sent with a division of cavalry to > break
up the Augusta railway, and returned on the 24th, reporting success,
having made the roads useless, and -destroyed the bridges over the
branches of the'Ocmuloree.
Sherman now desired to destroy the Macon road, on which Hood's
army must depend for supplies. He thas reports the partially unsuc-
cessful attempts of 'McCook and Stoneman. The 14th Illinois under
Colonel Capron, and perhaps other regiments, accompanied Stone-
mau '■
'■ '"Generals Schofield and Thomas had closed well up, holding the enemy behind
his inner intrenchments. I first ordered the army of the Tennessee to prepare to
vdcate its line and to shift by the right below Proctor's Creek, and General Schofield
to extend up to the Augusta' road. About the same time General Rosseau had arrived
from his expedition to Opelika, bringing me about 2,000 good cavalry, but of course
fatigued with its long and rapid march, and ordering it to relieve General Stoneman
at the river about Sandtown, I shifted General StonCfnan to our left flank and ordered
all my cavalry to prepare1 for' a blow at the Matron road, Simultaneous with the move-
ment of the army of the Tennessee toward^ East Point. ' To accomplish this, I gave
General Stoneman the command of his own and General Garrard's cavalry, making
an effective force of full 5,000 men, and to General McCook I gave his own and the
new cavalry brought by General Rosseau, which was Commanded by Colonel Harri-
son, of the 8th Indiana -cavalry, in the aggregate about 4,000. ■ These 'two well
appointed bodies were to move in concert, the former by the left around Atlanta to
McDonough, and the latter by the right on Fayetteville, and on a certain night;1 viz.,
July 28th, they were to meet oh the Macon road near Lovejoy's,' and destroy it
in the most effectual manner. I estimated this joint cavalry could whip all
Wheeler's cavalry, and could otherwise fully accomplish its task, and I think
so still. I had ! the officers in command to meet me, and explained the move-
men* perfectly, and they entertained not a doubt of perfect success. At the" very
moment almost of starting,1 General Stoneman addressed me a note asking permission
after fulfilling his orders arid breaking the road, to be allowed, with his command
proper, to proceed to Macon and Anderson, and release our prisoners of war confined
at those points.' There was something most captivating in the idea, and the execu-
tion was within the bounds of probability of success.1 I consented that after the
defeat of Wheeler's cavalry, Which1 was embraced in h-is orders, and breaking the
road, he might attempt it with his cavalry proper, sending that of General Garrard
back to its proper flank of the army7. Both cavalry expeditions started at the time
appointed. I have as yet no rCport from General Stoneman, who is a prisoner of
war at Macon, but I know that he dispatched General Garrard's cavalry to Flat Rock,
for the purpose of covering his own movement to McDonough, but for some reason.
200 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
unknown to me he irent off towards Covington and did not again communicate with
General Garrard at Flat Bock. General Garrard remained there until the 29th, skir-
mishing heavilj with a part of Wheeler's cavalry, and occupying their attention, but
hearing nothing from Genera] Stoneman, he moved back to Conyer'a, where, learn-
ing thai General Stoneman had gone to Covington and south on the east side of the
Ocmulgee, he returned and resumed his position on our left. It is known that Gcn-
eral Stoneman kept to the east of the Ocmulgee to Clinton, sending detachments off
to the cast which did a large amount of damage to the railroad, burning the bridges
of Walnut Creek and Oconee, and destroying a large number of cars and locomo-
tives, and with his main force appeared before Macon. He did not succeed in cross-
ing the Ocmulgee at Macon, or in approaching Andersonville, but retired in the
direction whence he came, followed by various detachments of mounted men under
• pal Iverson. He seems to have become hemmed in, and gave consent to two
thirds of his force to escape hack whilst he held the enemy in check with the remain-
der, about 700 men, and a section of light guns. One brigade, Colonel Adams, came
in almost intact. Another, commanded by Colonel Capron, was surprised on the way
back and scattered ; many were captured and killed, and the balance got in mostly
unarmed and afoot, and the General himself surrendered his small command, and is
now a prisoner at Macon. His mistake was in not making the first concentration with
Generals McCook and Garrard near Lovejoy's, according to his orders, which is vet
unexplained.
"General McCook, in the execution of his part, went down the west bank of tho
Chattahoochee to near Rivertown, where he laid a pontoon bridge with which he was
provided, crossed his command and moved rapidly on Palmeto Station of the West
Point road, where he tore up a section of track, leaving a regiment to create a diver-
sion towards Campbelltown, which regiment fulfilled its duty and returned to camp
by way of and escorting back the pontoon bridge train. General McCook then rap-
idly moved to Fayetteville, where he found a large number of the wagons belonging
to the rebel army in Atlanta. These he burned to the number of 500, killing 800
mules, and carrying along others, and taking 250 prisoners, mostly quartermasters
and men belonging to the trains. He then pushed for the railroad, reaching it at
Lovejoy's station at the time appointed. He burned the depot, tore up a section of
the road, and continued to work until forced to leave off to defend himself egainst
an accumulating force of the enemy. He could hear nothing of General Stoneman,
and finding his progress east too strongly opposed, he moved south and west, and
reached Newman on the West Point road, where he encountered an infantry force
coming from Mississippi to Atlanta, which had been stopped by the break he had
made at Palmetto. This force, with the pursuing cavalry, hemmed him in and
forced him to fight. He was compelled to drop his prisoners and captures and cut
his way out, losing some 500 officers and men. Among them a most valuable officer,
Colonel Harrison, who, when fighting his men, as skirmishers on foot, was overcome
and made prisoner and is now at Macon. He cut his way out, reached the Chatta-
hoochee, crossed and got to Marietta without further loss.
" General McCook is entitled to much credit for thus saving his command, which
was endangered by the failure of General Stoneman to reach Lovejoy's. But on the
whole the cavalry raid is not deemed a success, for the real purpose was to break
the enemy's communications, which, though done, was on so limited a scale that I
knew the damages would soon be repaired."
JONESBOKO. 201
On the 26th, Major-General Howard assumed command of the
Army of the Tennessee, by order of the President. General Hooker
was offended at this promotion of a junior, and asked to be, and was,
relieved, and Slocum was appointed to command the 29th Corps,
but as he was at Vicksburg, it was placed under General H. S. Wil-
liams. General Palmer also resigned the command of the 14th
Corps, and was succeeded by Jeff. C. Davis, while General Stanley
succe*- ^' FL-war'j b command of the 4th Corps.
Hood made another of his desperate attempts to cut our force in
twain. In obedience to orders, the Army of the Tennessee had
drawn out of its lines on the night of July 26th, and on the 27th
moved behind the rest of the army to Proctor's Creek, the extreme
right beyond it to prolong the line due south, facing eastward. Lee
and Hardee fell on Howard, on the 29th of September, coming out
of their works at Jonesboro. A stubborn contest of two hours fol-
lowed, when the baffled rebels withdrew, leaving their dead and
wounded. This victory was decisive. Sherman had seen that
Atlanta was not to be taken by assault, hence, after arranging his
forces carefully he made the retrograde movement heralded through
the South as a retreat, as the abandonment of the campaign, but
which was one of the most masterly movements of the great tacti-
cian. Hood came out of his defenses, as Sherman anticipated. The
assault began on Hazen's division of the 15th Corps, and was man-
fully resisted. The 15th took possession of a hill commanding
Jonesboro, and rested for the night, the 16th on their right, the 17th
on their left, in front of them the dead and wounded.
Sherman was attempting to thrust the left- center of his army
between Stewart's Corps, holding Atlanta, and Hardee and Lee in
the field. General Schofield had succeeded in reaching the railroad
near Rough and Ready, and was destroying it ; General Stanley had
reached it south of Schofield, and General Baird within four miles
of Jonesboro, all tearing it up.
The rebel forces were divided, and full attention turned to the
wing at Jonesboro. Garrard and Kilpatrick hung with the cavalry
upon the rebel flanks. Davis assaulted the enemy's lines and car-
ried them, capturing a portion of Gowan's brigade and two batteries,
one of which was Loomas', taken from us at Chickamauga. Stanley
202 PATRIOTim OF Il.l.l.\"is.
and Srlioti. M weiv ordered bO hurry forward, })\\\ could not get into
position until night rendered further asties impossibly Tli .t night
explosion after explosion wan beard, supposed ts he either fVom the
dismantling of send w<>rks at Atlanta 91 his magazines.
Morning showed that Led and Hardee had abandoned tin ii- works,
and retreated. I'tirsuit was ordered south, and the enemy was over-
taken at LoYrjny's Station, which was a-saulled. General Sherman
saw thai this stand was made to secure communication with, the
McDottOUgh and Fayelteville road, and immediately new \s came that
Atlanta was abandoned on the night of the 1st, ami was ocqupied by
Slocum; that Hood had blown up his ammunition trains, and that
Stewart was retreating to MeDonough. lie could not prevent, the
junction of the rebel forces, and he paused. Hood was in retreat.
Atlanta was occupied by Slocum.
The army moved back to Atlanta by easy stages, and paused for
it sadly needed rest.
The march had been made to Atlanta, and tin; mountainous center
between the Ocean and Gulf slopes secured — the granary of the rebel-
lion was ours. I>y carefuj forethought, and man clous executive
energy our long line of communications had hem preserved, and by
Western patriotism the army had been kept from reduction. Sher-
man had been promoted to Major-General of the regnlar army,, and
through the country. rang the shout, accompanied by ringing bells
and booming artillery, Atlanta is ours, won by our Western troops !
Another "• Ehcnezer" was set up on the path of the Union army
toward a restored Union and universal freedom.
-
1
fj ,)
1
II
CHAPTER XIII.
HOOD TURNS NORTH.
THE SITUATION"— <-WhAT WILL HoOD Do WHAT HE MlGHT HAVE DONE HlS CHOSEN
Policy— Athens Surrenders— Rosseau— -Forrest in the Toils — Marietta —
Smyrna — Allatoona — Illinois NiNeti'-third — Lieutenant-Colonel Tourtellottk
— Corse Comes — " Effusion of Blood" — Desperate Defense — Seventh Illinois —
J Colonel Rowell— Corse's Report— Sherman's Signals— Twelfth and" Fiftieth
Illinois — Victory^-Our Losses-^Raum at Resaca — Various Movements— Troops
sent Thomas — Thomas' Army. — Ransom Dies— Armies. Separated — Hood orosses
the River— Battle of Franklin — Back to Nashville— Hood's Position — Fed-
eral TRoors — Delay — Preparations — Moment — Order of Battle— Battle of
Nashville — Smith and Schofield — Night— Second Day — Wood's Corps— Steed-
man— Assault — Victory— Rebel Retreat) — The Eighty-eighth— The Seventy-
second — Brydge's Battery— tThe Seventy-fourth.
WHEN Sherman sat clown to give his weary men time to
breathe, Grant was holding Lee at Petersburg, Sheridan was
closing up the passes of the Shenandoah, while in the Carolinas
little was being accomplished— the angry contestants were confront-
ing each other in lowering inaction. ' Oh and' west of the Mississippi
there were no movements of any magnitude, and all eyes were turned
on the two great armies jof the Union. ''
Sherman evidently meant' to advance. If he should head his
column southeastwardly hej might reach the sea-coast and effect a
junction with Grant. "What will Hood; do?" If he should do
what Johnston would iiave done, abandon the Chattahoochee and the
country west, and place his disciplined force west of Atlanta, con-
fronting Sherman boldly if he moved down the Atlantic slope, or
hang With Vengeful opportunity upon his flanks if he turned toward
the Gulf, at the same time sending his cavalry against the Federal
L'n}- r\ i OF u iiN-ors.
communications, then it was apparenl thai the difficulty of the Great
March wax ye( to overcome, for between Sherman and Lee would l>e
Hood; the rebels would have the interior lines; the concentration of
their two armies would be possible, and with it the attacking of our
force in detail.
Another policy was adopted. Hood was to move northward.
"Win n this was detected, Major-General Thomas was scut, with an
army to Nashville, to defend the rear, and, as it subsequently proved,
to break Hood's army into pieces.
S ptember 23d General Forrest appeared before Athens, and on
the 24th summoned Colonel Campbell to surrender, which he did,
only to sec in half an hour, the approach of reinforcements, which in
turn were driven after a sharp engagement. Forrest advanced,
breaking the railway until the 27th, when he encountered General
Rosseau, who, with a hastily collected garrison, successfully resisted
him. Forrest moved round to the Nashville and Chattanooga Rail-
road and began to break it up, but Rosseau advanced upon him
before the main body of the rebel cavalry came up, and General
Steedman crossed the Tennessee the same day with 5,000 men, and
the butcher of Fort Pillow fell back through Fayetteville, and the
railroad was repaired within twenty-four hours. Forrest sent one
portion of his command under Buford against Athens, where it was
repulsed and fell back across the Tennessee. Forrest threatened
Columbia, and finding the toils enclosing him, turned and succeeded,
October 6th, in getting south of the Tennessee at Bainbridge. But
for unforeseen difficulties, the plans of General Thomas must inevit-
ably have accomplished the capture or entire destruction of his
command. On the 1st of October Hood moved northward. His cav-
alry was sent to strike our communication at Marietta, while he
threw his three corps of infantry over the Chattahoochee and
marched by Dallas. Slocum was left to hold Atlanta and the railway
bridge of the Chattahoochee, and, on the 4th, Sherman marched
his army to Smyrna camp-ground, and the next day to a strong posi-
tion at Kenesaw Mountain.
The rebel cavalry and a division of infantry struck the railroad at
Big Shanty and destroyed it and the telegraph, and advanced rapidly
on Allat ona Pass where were a million of our rations n charge
ALLATOONA PASS. 205
of Lieutenant- Colonel Tourtellotte, with the 93d regiment, Illi-
nois Volunteers. If it was surrendered, Sherman's army was in
peril, »but the ninety-third could not be expected to hold it against a
whole division. The telegraph was cut. From the mountain hights
the siernal flas sent word to General Corse at Rome to take his brigade
and speed to the help of Tourtellotte, and hold Allatoona till Sher-
man could come up.
Corse took picked men, among them the 1th Illinois, and hur-
rying by rail, reached Allatoona at 1 A. M. on the 5th, and sent
back the train for additional forces, but an accident prevented their
arrival in time. In an hour French was before the works with his rebel
division. Corse was within with one thousand nine hundred and
forty-four men. The enemy opened fire and continued it until 8:30
A. M., when French sent in a note, summoning a surrender within
five minutes, announcing that he had surrounded our defenses and
wished to avoid the " needless effusion of blood." There was some-
thing of the comico-martial in Corse's prompt, curt answer :
" Head-quarters Fourth Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, |
Allatoona, Ga., 8:30 A. M., October 5, 1864. f
" Major- General 8. G. French, G. S. Army, etc.:
" Your communication demanding surrender of my command I acknowledge the
receipt of, and respectfully reply that we are prepared for the 'needless effusion of
blood ' whenever it is agreeable to you.
" I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
"John M. Corse."
The storm burst, striking the 39th Iowa and 7th Illinois, commanded
by Colonel Rowell. General Corse thus tells the story :
"Young's brigade of Texans, 1,900 strong, had gained the west end of the ridge
and moved with great impetuosity along its crest till they struck Rowell's command,
when they received a severe check, but they came again and again ; Rowell, rein-
forced by the ninety-third Illinois, and aided by the gallant Redfield, encouraged mc
to hope we were safe here, when I observed a brigade of the enemy, under General
Seais, moving from the north, its left extending across the railroad. I rushed the
two companies of the 93d Illinois, which were on the brink of the cut turning
north from the redoubt and parallel with the railroad, they having been rein-
forced by the retreating pickets, and urged them to hold on to the spur; but it was
of no avail. The enemy's line of battle swept us like so much chaff, and struck the
89th Iowa in flank, threatening to engulf our little band without further ado. For-
tunately for us, Colonel Tourtellol.te's fire caught Sears in flank and broke him so
206 PATRIOTISM "i ILLINOIS.
badlv as to enable me t<> get a stall' officer over the cut with orders to bring the
1 5th Illinois over to reinforce Rowell. who fiaa lost very heavily. However,!
the reirinii'ii! benl Pot iarSd arrive Sears' ami IfouVig both rallied ,iml tint&e
their u-sauhs in front ami on ihe Hank with SO mark rigor ami in HUeh forte, as to
break UowellV line, ami had not tin: :'.'.'th lov.a fought with the desperation it did, I
never would have been able to get a man hack into the redoubt. As it waa. tlx'ir
haml-to-hand-eonlliet and stubborn stand broke the enemj to that extent h»
stop and reform before undertaking fflie assault on the fort. Tinder cover of tin-
blow they gave the enemy, the 7th and 989 Illinois and what remained of the :>'.'t!i
Iowa fell back into the fort.
"The fighting up to this time was of a most extraordinary character. Attacked
from the north, from the west and from the south, those! three regiments, '89th Iowa
7th and 93d Illinois, held Young's and a portion erf Sears' and Cocker. d's brigades at
bay for nearly two houis and a half. The gallant f obmel Kcdlield fell shot in four
places, and tho extraordinary valor of the men and officers of this regiment, and the
7th Illinois, saved us Allatoona. So completely disorganized was the enemy thai do
regular assault could be made on the fort tin I had the trenches: all filled and the
parapets lined with men.
"The 12th and lioth Illinois arcivingTrom the east hill enabled us to occupy every
foot of trench and keep up a line of fire, that, as long as our ammunition lasted,
would render our little fort impregnable."
i
The band of Leonidas scarcely excelled that of Corse, and for
heroic Resistance Allatoona nmy well lie mentioned with Thermopylae.
Sherman arrived at Kenesaw at 10 A. M., and flew signals telling
them to holdout till help came. When he saw that Corse was were,
the excited Commander-in-chief said: "If Corse is there, he will
holdout. I know the man." He could not forget the narrow path
at Mission Ridge; Less than 2,000 brave men confronted over-
whelming odds, and wrought a work not to be over-estimated in its
results upon our cause. Corse was wounded in the face, but continued
in command. Rowell and TourtelloUe distinguished themselves
and both were wounded. Seven hundred men and seven officers,
killed and wounded, weir the price of our victory. The arrival of
the 4th and 14th Army Corps at Tine Mountain, and the movement
of the 23d Corps on Dallas hastened French's withdrawal. Corse
captured 800 muskets, three stands of colors, 411 prisoners, and
buried 231 rebel dead.
Hood hurried toward thenorthwest, aimingfor the railway at Resaca,
but his movement was discovered by Sherman's cavalry, and the loyal
troops were put in motion On the 10th, through Allatoona Pass on Kings-
ton, which was reached by our three armies on the 11th after a forced
THOMAS TO NASHVILLE. 207
march of thirty-eight miles. Various movements resulted in the
conviction that Hood's movement on Rome had been a mere feint,
and that he was over the Coosa, making full speed for Resaca and
Dal ton. Steps were .taken to check-mate him. General Raum was in
Resaca with a small command, and coolly received Hood's summons
to surrender, and the latter, remembering Allaloona, contented him-
self with skirmishing,, destroying the railway, and breaking up the
little garrisons, at Dalton and Tilton.
Various movements took place preparatory to Sherman's facing
toward the;Sea. He saw that Hood, wanted to movetoward Nash-
ville, and told his subordinates 'that he would, give him rations if he
would.. General Thomas was to take care of him.: Satisfied that
Hood had moved westward from Gadsden across Sand Mountain,
Sherman dis_patched^ on the 26th, the 4th Corps under Stanley, and
on the 30th the 23d tinder Sehofield, directing them to report to
Thomas at Nashville. The latter was fully apprized of the plan for
the campaign and entrusted with the supreme command of all Sher-
man's army except the four corps with which he determined to move
through Georgia. This gave him the two divisions of General A. J.
Smithy loth Army Corps, .which had been in Missouri, but were en
route for Tennessee, a force; of cavalry to >be commanded by General
"Wilson, with garrisons and supplying, as Thomas ; believed;, a force,
which, -with such reinforcements as could be sent from the North,
would enable him to defend the railroads and whip Hood if
he crossed the Tennessee to the North, or pursue him if he turned
to follow Sherman.
Thomas had an effective force of about 22,000 infantry, 7,700
cavalry, exclusive of garrisons, &c, confronting Hood's army, o
On the 29th of October the gallant General Ransom died at Rome,
a serious loss to the army and the country.
General Thomas desired to await the arrival of Smith before
assuming the offensive against Hood with his three divisions of Lee,
Stewart and Cheatham, estimated at 30,000 with Forest's cavalry,
7,000 more. Hood had repaired the Mobile and Ohio Railway, and
occupied Corinth, bringing supplies by rail. On the 12th of Novem-
ber, Thomas received his last telegram from Sherman and communi-
cation between them ceased. On the 17th Cheatham crossed the
#
208 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Tennessee at Florence, and on the 10th Hood began his march from
Florence towards Waynesboro.
Genera] Schofield, commanding Union forces al Pulaski, fell back
toward Columbia, which he reached on the 24th. As rapidly as
possible our strength was concentrated. General Schofield was
oompelled to fall bark upon Franklin, where with all the force he
could muster, a stand was made. The enemy made a furious assault
which, at one time, threatened to become successful, but Schofield
had chosen position wisely, with the river covering both Hanks, and
held his ground, repulsing each advance. Some of the Illinois troops
suffered severely in this engagement. Major-General Stanley was
badly wounded while rallying a portion of his command, which
had been for the time being borne back by the furious rebel assault.
The number of Federal killed was not large, but the aggregate loss
of killed, wounded and missing was 2,326. Hood lost 1,750 killed,
3,800 wounded, 102 prisoners, an aggregate loss of 6,252, among
whom were six general officers killed, six wounded, and one taken
prisoner.
Schofield fell back seven miles, and efFected a junction with A. J.
Smith. The enemy crowded upon him, and Smith fell back into the
outer defenses of Nashville. General Thomas put his army in line
of battle three miles north of Nashville, and the enemy advanced to
a point five miles distant, and for some time the intervening space
was the scene of constant skirmishing. Reinforcements were rapidly
sent to General Thomas, and he determined at once to dislodge Hood
from his position, which he was rapidly strengthening, and this
brought on the battle of Nashville.
As soon as Hood perceived General Thomas' indications he fell
back out of the range of the latter's forts about Nashville to a much
stronger position, withdrew both his wings from the river, and occu-
pied some strong entrenchments on a range of hills, known as Granny
White's. General Thomas leisurely concentrated troops, made his
arrangements, gathered cavalry as rapidly as possible, and waited
until the country became impatient, and even Grant telegraphed to
know the cause of the delay. The events of the battle justified his
judgment as the magnanimous Lieutenant-General says in his report.
On the 15th our forces moved out to attack the new position.
BATTLE OF NASHVILLE. 209
Steadman held the extreme left, Wood's 4th Corps the left center,
A. J. Smith's 16th Corps the right center, and Wilson's cavalry corps
the extreme right, Schofield's 23d Corps being at first held in reserve.
Steadman first moved his column on his left, driving in the enemy's
skirmishers, but after a gallant and protracted effort was repulsed
with heavy loss. This movement on the ^ft, however, was only a
feint, or cover for the main attack from the center and right. In
order to turn the rebel left, the 4th and 16th Corps got into motion
early in the morning, the two corps forming into line splendidly
under a heavy cannonade. The whole forenoon was devoted to get-
ting positions, and at three o'clock the whole line, infantry, cavalry
and artillery, pressed forward. Wood and Steadman met with stub-
born resistance, but Smith and Schofield carried all before them,
and sweeping down on the rebel left and flank, turned it. Nothing
could exceed the enthusiasm of our troops. The infantry heroically
charged the intrenchments, the cavalry dismounted and swept the
enemy from the river, and even the gunboats played their part by
fighting the enemy's battery fourteen miles down the river. Sixteen
guns were captured on right, left and center, and several battle
flags were taken, and about 1,000 prisoners fell into our hands. The
enemy was driven about eight miles when night closed in.
During the night dispositions were made on both sides for a renewal
of the battle, and at eight o'clock the next morning the roar of our
batteries announced that it had commenced. Our line was about the
same as on the day previous. Wilson's cavalry covered the right,
Schofield came next, then A. J. Smith, on Smith's left, Wood, and
finally, Steadman on the extreme left. The whole line took the
initiative by moving forward, Schofield and Smith against the rebel
left flank. The fire that greeted Wood's corps, which was already
engaged, was so terrible our men fell back, and the line was broken,
but relief soon came from Schofield and Smith, who once more
hurled themselves against the rebel left, and swept him from his
works, completely turning his flank. Wood and Steadman followed
it up with repeated assaults upon the rebel right. It held out for a
long time, but again and again the assault was tried under tremen-
dous storms of canister and shell, and it was finally successful.
The enemy retreated in confusion, and victory rested upon the Union
14
210 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
banners. Treason received its death-blow, and dure was nothing
more left to fight behind Sherman, who pressed triumphantly for-
ward in his grand march to the sea, while Grant administered the
blow of grace which ended the rebellion, and brought peace.
The 88th Illinois bore a splendid part in the battles about Nash-
ville. Its brigade held the advance, the 88th composing the rear of
the column. Before reaching Spring Hill news came that Forrest
was advancing upon the town: without halting or unslinging knap-
sacks they were, moved out of column by the right flank, and
deployed as skirmishers in Forrest's front. Slowly and surely the
regiment pushed the rebels back, and came to a halt for the night,
The next morning, the 30th, the regiment was placed in position as
skirmishers for the rear of the army. After some severe skirmish-
ing with Hood's cavalry Franklin was reached, which Cox's division
of the 23d Corps had already intrenched. At half-past three o'clock
the second and third brigades of their division being flanked retired
upon the main line in great haste and confusion, the rebels following
closely. Almost instantly their brigade was on the charge, the con-
solidated 88th leading and clearing the; way. Colonel Smith, Major
Iloldeu and Adjutant Realf, one of the bravest of the brave, were
on horseback, not having had time to dismount. Colonel Smith,
cap in hand, moved at the head of his regiment encouraging the gal-
lant and shaming the cowards. It was a desperate hand-to-hand
fight. Captain Barnard shot two rebels with his revolver. Corpo-
ral Neuman, of Company G, nearly severed a rebel captain's head
with an ax, and somebody actually pinned a rebel soldier to the
breast works by a stroke of a pick ax. The rebel tide was stayed,
but again and again, with the desperation of frenzy, Hood charged
the unyielding Union lines. The slaughter was horrible on either
side, but the rebels were repulsed. At midnight, when our troops
withdrew to Nashville, the 88th was left to cover the movements of
the brigade, and for an hour and a half opposed their skirmish line
to the solid rebel columns. When the regiment arrived at Nashville,
General Wood, accompanied by Generals Wagner and Thomas,
paid it a visit. General Wood sought out Colonel. Smith, and
addressed him thus : " Colonel, I desire to repeat to you, in the pres-
ence of General Thomas and of your regiment, that which General
ILLINOIS TROOPS. 211
Stanley said to me respecting yourself and the troops you command,
that with the exception only of Colonel Opdyke, commanding your
brigade, with whom you share the honor, to your special gallantry
and special exertions, more than to those of any other man, is owing
the repulse of the rebel column, the safety of the army and the vic-
tory of the day. In his name, and in mine, I thank you." The
casualties of the regiment were two killed, seven wounded and six
missing.
The 72d Illinois reached Franklin on the morning of the 30th, and
proceeded at once to fortify the place. In the battle the regiment
was placed at the center of the lines surrounding the city, and upon
a slope, at the bottom of which was a grove of young trees. The
men were not in the best condition for an engagement, but neverthe-
less, took position in the pits with alacrity, willingly and eagerly.
The rebels rushed upon them, and when they came in range, the cry
went up " Open on them, boys ; give it to them," and for two long
hours the firing was kept up. The enemy, however, vastly outnum-
bered them, and forcing the line on their left, opened a cross fire,
which caused them to fall back to the second line. The first line
was again taken by desperate fighting, and held till after dark, Avhen
the rebels coming up in superior numbers compelled them to leave
it. The noble valor of the men was equaled by the coolness and
determination of the officers. The gallant Lieutenant-Colonel Stock-
ton and Major James being wounded, the command devolved upon
Captain James A. Sexton, whose exertions were constantly marked
with valor and skill.
Brydges' Battery gained enviable distinction also in the battles
around Nashville. At Columbia and Spring Hill it was constantly
engaged in skirmishing, and at Franklin was warmly employed.
After the battle of Franklin it marched with the artillery brigade
to Nashville, and was placed in several positions for the defense of
that place, always preserving its reputation for valor, and doing
soldiers' duty wherever situated. The battery was under command
of Lieutenant White during the Nashville campaigns, Captain
Brydges being Chief-of- Artillery, and commanding all the artillery
of the corps.
The gallant 74th regiment shared with the 88th the honor of sav-
212 r.vrnioTisM OF Illinois.
ing the day at Franklin. In the tremendous rebel charge the
two regiments mel it side by side. The men of the 74th fought
hand to hand with the enemy. The intrenching tools which they
had been using on the breastworks were directed against the rebel
hordes. Hundreds of them reached the works with their battle-
tings only to be cut down by the rain of musketry and artillery that
greeted them. The men of the 74th defied the rebels to come into
the works. Again and again did Hood essay to break through the
solid line opposed to him, but only to meet with disaster upon disas-
ter. The works and the ground in front were literally covered with
dead and wounded. They called out, "You men in the works, for
God's sake, bring us some water !" It wras one of the most gallant
and desperate defenses of the Avar. The losses of the 74th were :
killed, none ; wounded, Cyrus II. Scott, Co. A ; Sergeant John G.
Waldie, Co. G; Charles Ericcson, Co. F; Allen M. Furguson, Co.
D ; William E. Lowe, Co. B. The same meed of praise which was
awarded the 88th was given to the 74th.
CHAPTER XIV.
REGIMENTAL SKETCHES.
The Thirteenth Veterans — Consolidated with the Fifty-sixth — The Thirty-
third — The Students and Teachers as Soldiers- — The Thirty-fourth — The
Thirty-ninth (Yates Phalanx) — The Charge on Fort Gregg — The Forty-first
— Its Marches and Battles — The Forty-fourth — Re-enlistment When the Ink
Froze Upon the Muster Rolls — The Forty-fifth (Lead Mine Regiment) — The
Forty-sixth — The Battle of the Hatchie — The Forty-seventh — The Battle of
Iuka — The Forty-eighth — Conclusion of its Record — The Forty-ninth — Re-
enlistment as Veterans — The Fiftieth — The Fifty-first.
THIRTEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
IN the first volume of this work [p. 296 ], we have given the orig-
inal roster of the 13th regiment, and its history to the time of
its re-enlistment in the veteran service. The veterans and recruits
having accompanied the regiment as far as Springfield, Illinois, an
order from Lieutenant-Colonel Oakes was received, detailing 1st Lieu-
tenant Mark M. Evans, Company A, to proceed with the detachment
to Huntsville, Alabama, and there to report to Brigadier- General
John E. Smith, commanding 3d Division, 15th Army Corps, for
orders. The whole number of veterans was 44, seven of whom, at
this time, were prisoners of war. The number of recruits was 27 ;
making the whole number for duty 64.
It is due to the men of the 13th to say that many of the members
of the old organization enlisted in other regiments, having intimate
friends in them; hence the list of veterans does not give a correct
idea of the number who re-enlisted. On the 5th or 6th of June,
1864, Lieutenant Evans proceeded with his detachment to Huntsville,
and on the 11th received an order assigning his detachment to duty
214: PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
irith the 56th Illinois infantry. There being bu1 nine compani
this regiment, the detachmenl was assigned to duty as a company
organization, lni( retained its original designation. On the 1st of
July the regiment was ordered to Adairsville, Georgia, to guard
that portion of the railroad from rebel raiding parties, who continu-
ally attempted to destroy this line of communication with the front.
The force being small, and the rebels exceedingly zealous in their
attempts to accomplish their end, the duties of the regiment were
of the most arduous kind. While at Adairsville the detachment was
consolidated into one company, and transferred to the 56th Illinois,
as Company I, by special field order No. 63. An election of offi-
cers was then held, resulting in the unanimous choice of Lieutenant
Mark M. Evans as Captain, Lyman M. Cole as 1st Lieutenant, and
Joseph L. Tennant as 2d Lieutenant.
The history of the veterans of the 13th now becomes merged with
that of the 56th.
THIRTY-THIRD ILLINOIS INFANTRY
The 33d regiment, known as the "Normal Regiment," being com-
posed largely of teachers and students — its first Colonel being the
Principal of the State Normal School — was organized at Camp But-
ler, and was mustered into the service on the 15th of August, 1861,
1,006 strong. The following is the original roster :
Colonel, Charles E. Hovey; Lieutenant-Colonel, William R. Lockwood ; Major,
Edward R. Roe; Adjutant, Frederick M. Crandall ; Quartermaster, Simeon Wright;
Surgeon, George P. Rex ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Nathan W. Abbott ; 2d Assistant
Surgeon, Henry T. Antes; Chaplain, Herman A. Eddy.
Co. A — Captain, Leander H. Potter; 1st Lieutenant, J. Howard Burnham ; 2d
Lieutenant, G. Hyde Norton.
Co. B — Captain, Moses J. Morgan ; 1st Lieutenant, C. Judson Gill ; 2d Lieutenant,
E. Aaron Gove.
Co. C — Captain, Daniel B. Robinson; 1st Lieutenant, Henry M. Kellogg; .d
Lieutenant, George H. Fifer.
Co. D — Captain, nenry H. Pope ; 1st Lieutenant, William W. Mason; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Franklin J. Duncklee.
Co. E — Captain, Isaac H. Elliott ; 1st Lieutenant, Clarendon A. Stone ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Julian E. Bryant.
Co. F — Captain, Dermont C. Roberts ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry D. Winsh'p ; 2d
Lieutenant, David A. -Chumley.
THE TIIIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 215
Co. G — Captain, Ira Moore ; 1st Lieutenant, George P. Ela ; 2d Lieutenant, Wil-
liam Elbert.
Co. H — Captain, James A. McKenzie ; 1st Lieutenant, George E. Smith ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Robert P. Williams.
Co. I — Captain, William W. H. Lawton ; 1st Lieutenant, William T.Lyon; 2d
Lieutenant, Edward A. F. Allen.
Co. K — Captain, Charles E. Lippincott; 1st Lieutenant, William A. Nixon; 2d
Lieutenant, William H. Weaver.
The 33d left camp for Ironton, Missouri, September 20, 1861,
receiving arms from the St. Louis arsenal. It remained at Ironton
during the winter, going frequently on scouting expeditions. On one
of these expeditions was fought the battle of Fredericktown. In
March, 1862, it started for the South, under General Steele. It
marched overland from Pilot Knob to Batesville, where it joined
General Curtis' army, and then marched back to Jacksonport, and
thence to Helena, Arkansas. During this march it fought in the
"Battle of the Cache" and in many skirmishes, and suffered severely
from fatigue and exposure. On arriving at Helena, it camped about
twenty miles below the town, where it remained during the months
of July and August, and then moved up to Sulphur Springs, and
thence to Pilot Knob, when its effective strength had dwindled to
200 men. Four weeks later it was sent to Van Buren, Missouri.
From this time till March 1, 1863, it was engaged in campaigning
through Southeast Missouri. In the latter month it was sent to Milli-
ken's Bend, and participated in the engagements at Port Gibson,
Champion Hills, Siege of Vicksburg and Siege of Jackson. In
August it was sent to New Orleans, and took pait in the Bayou
Teche campaign, fighting no battles, and returning to New Orleans
in November. It then went to Arkansas Pass, St. Joseph, Matagorda
Island and Saluria, participating in the capture of Fort Esperanza.
It then went to Indianola and Port Lavaca, Texas. On the 1st of
January, 1864, it re-enlisted as a veteran regiment, and on March
14th received veteran furloughs at Bloomingcon, Illinois. On the
18th of April it left Springfield for St. Louis and New Orleans.
From May 1st to July 28th it was stationed at Brashear City. Soon
after it was distributed by companies along the railroad from New
Orleans to Brashear, where it remained till the spring of 1865. The
non-veterans of the regiment were sent to New York in charge of a
21G PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
bod "8, September 17, 1864, and were mustered out
at Camp Butler, about the nth of October. When the Mobile
expedition was organized, in the spring of 1SC5, the 3:M was added
to the IGLh Army Corps, and began to make preparations for leav-
ing. On the 2d of March, as it was proceeding by railroad to New
Orleans, and had nearly reached Butle Station, where the last com-
pany, II, was awaiting it, the train was thrown from the track by
running over a horse, and was completely wrecked. Nine soldiers
were killed and about seventy wounded, two of whom afterward died
from the injuries received. On the 18th of March, the regiment
embarked for Fish River, Alabama, and with General Canby's army
marched up the east side of .Mobile Bay. It participated actively in
tiie siege of Spanish Fort from March 27th to April 8th, when the
fort was surrendered to the Federal forces. On the 13th it marched to
Montgomery, and while there received the news of the surrender of
the rebel armies in the East. May 10th it left for Selma, and thence
went to Meridian, Mississippi, remaining there till the middle of
August. Here it was strengthened to more than the legal maximum,
by the transfer of a large number of men from the 72d, 117th, 122d
and 1 24th Illinois regiments, then serving in Alabama and about to
be mustered out. On the 17th of August it reached Vicksburg,
where it remained till its muster out on the 24th of November, 1865.
On the 29th it arrived at Springfield, where it was paid off and dis-
charged.
THIRTY-FOURTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
On page 3S6 of our first volume we have given the original roster
of the 34th regiment, and its history up to the 10th of October, 1863,
with personal sketches of some of its officers. From that date until
November 8th it was at Battle Creek and Anderson Cross Roads, a
portion of the time engaged in repairing roads, when it went to Har-
rison Landing, on the Tennessee River. November 15th, it arrived
at Chattanooga, and on the 25th went out on the battle-field. At
one o'clock the next morning it marched via Chickamauga Station
to Graysville, where the enemy gave battle. The regiment was under
fire for half an hour, but met with no loss. The next day it returned
to Chattanooga, and was sent to Loudon, East Tennessee, where it
THE THIRTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 217
took possession of a grist mill, and for several days was detailed in
grinding corn for the division. On the 19th of December it reached
Chattanooga, and on the 22d re-enlisted as veterans. On the 8th of
January, 180-1, it started for Springfield on veteran furlough, and
from there proceeded to Dixon, Lee county, for recruiting and re-or-
ganization. On the 29th of February it left Dixon for Chattanooga,
arriving there on the 7th of March. It immediately proceeded to
Rossville, Georgia. IL-re it remained until the movement upon
Atlanta commenced, in which it took an active part until the surren-
der of the place. It accompanied General Sherman in his march to
the sea, and through the Carolina campaign, and was at the grand
review at Washington. It then went to Louisville, Kentucky, where
it was mustered out on the 12th of July, 1865. On the 16th it
arrived at Chicago, where it was paid off and discharged.
THIRTY-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
In Vol. I. of this work [p. 579], we have given the original
roster of the "Yates Phalanx," and its history to the close of 1864.
During the winter of '64-65 it had frequent skirmishes with the
enemy, but no regular engagements. During the month of March,
1865, it received ahout 100 recruits, and on the 27th of the same month
it took part in the movements which finally resulted in the downfall
of Petersburg and Richmond. It crossed to the left of the Army
of the Potomac, and on the 2d of April took part in the charge on
Fort Gregg, the key to the works about Petersburg and Richmond.
The 39th displayed extraordinary gallantry in this charge, and was
the first to plant its colors upon the works. The charge was made
across an open field, with a heavy fire from the front and a raking
cross fire from each side. Just before reaching the fort, the regiment
was compelled to cross a ditch twelve feet wide and six feet deep,
with very steep sides. It was very easy to get inside this ditch, but
to get out the officers and men were obliged to dig footholds in the
banks with their bayonets and swords, when they ascended with a
cheer, and triumphantly placed their flag upon the fort. As a testi-
monial, a magnificent brazen eagle, cast for the purpose, was presented
to the regiment by Major-General Gibbons, and placed upon the regi-
218 PATRIOTISM Or ii.i.i.-.uis.
mental color staff; the color sergeant, Henry M. Day, who was
severely wounded while planting the colors upon the fort, was pre-
sented with a medal of honor by the War Department, and Colonel
T. O. Osborn was brevetted Brigadier-General The 30th was after-
ward in the advance of the Army of the James in the pursuit of Lee,
and had the satisfaction of witnessing the surrender of Lee and his
Army of Northern Virginia. It was retained for a few days as ;v
guard over the camps and baggage of the conquered army, and then
pent to Richmond, where it remained till August. It was then sent
to Norfolk, where it remained till December 5, 1865, when it was
ordered to be mustered out, which was accomplished on the follow-
ing day, and on the 7th it started for Springfield, Ulini is, for final
muster and discharge, arriving at Camp Butler on the 12th. On the
morning previous to receiving final payment, the regiment assembled
at the chapel, and delivered its battle-torn flags to the State, and
they were received in appropriate terms by Brigadier-General I. N.
Ilaynie, Adjutant-General of the State. Here the career of the old
39th ended.
FORTY-FIRST ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 41st regiment was organized at Camp Pugh, Decatur, and
mustered into the service on the 5th of August, 1861. The follow-
ing is the original roster:
Colonel, Isaac G. Pugh ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Ansel Tupper; Major, John War-
ner; Adjutant, Bartley G. Pugh; Quartermaster, Henry C. Bradsby; Surgeon,
William M. Gray; 1st Assistant Surgeon, George W. Short; 2d Assistant Surgeon,
John W. Coleman; Chaplain, Henry C. McCook.
Co. A — Captain, John H. Nale ; 1st Lieutenant, Michael F. Kanan ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, George R. Steele.
Co. B — Captain, Alsey B. Lee ; 1st Lieutenant, John H. Davis; 2d Lieutenant,
Jackson II. Aldrich.
Co. C — Captain, John Conklin ; 1st Lieutenant, William C. Campbell ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Michael Danison.
Co. D Captain, Edmund W. True ; 1st Lieutenant, Robert n. McFadden ; 2d
Lieutenant, Francis A. Norvell.
Co. E— Captain, John L. Armstrong; 1st Lieutenant, Willis S. Oglesby ; 2d Lieu-
tenant; Robert Warwick.
Co. F Captain, David P. Brown; 1st Lieutenant, Henry C. McCook; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John 0. Lewis.
1 Co. G— Captain, Francis M. Long; 1st Lieutenant, Daniel K. Hall; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John C. Cox.
THE FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 219
Co. H — Captain, Hiram Blackstone ; 1st Lieutenant, James S. Steene ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William P. Turney.
Co. I — Captain, Benjamin B. Bacon ; 1st Lieutenant, Benjamin R. Parish ; 2d
Lieutenant, Francis M. Green.
Co. K — Captain, Alexander Kelly ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel Woodward ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Thomas Davis.
The 41st left Decatur on the 8th of August, 1861, for St. Louis,
and proceeded on the 29th to Bird's Point, Missouri. It was at the
taking of Fort Henry, and bore an active part in the three days'
fight at Fort Donelson. It soon after went to Pittsburg Landing,
and on the 6th of April participated in the fight at Shiloh, being
beld as a reserve on the 7th. It then took part in the siege and cap-
ture of Corinth, after which it marched to Memphis, where it arrived
on the 21st of July. It left Memphis on the 5th of September,
arriving at Bolivar on the 14th. On the 19th it went on a reconnois-
sanoe to Grand Junction, returning on the 4th of October, when it
marched to the Hatchie River, where, on the 5th, it acted as a reserve
and train guard, and opened communication between General Rose-
crans and General Hurlbut. On the following day it returned to
Bolivar, and from thence, on the 3d of November, it marched to
Lagrange, arriving there on the 6th. Here it was sent out on recon-
noissances to several points, and on the 28th started upon the " Yocna
expedition," returning to the Tallahatchie River. On the 2d of
January, 1863, it was sent to escort a supply train to Tullahoma,
returning in five days. On the 10th it was stationed at Moscow,
Tennessee, where it remained till the 5th of March, when it went to
Memphis and camped till April 12th. It was then sent out on an
expedition toward the Noncomo. At Coldwater, on the 13th, it met
the enemy under Chalmers, and was under fire for seven hours. It
returned to Memphis on the 15th, and on the 12th of May set out for
Vicksburg, arriving at Young's Point, Louisiana, on the 19th, and
joined the besieging force on the 24th. It remained there till Vicks-
burg surrendered, and on the succeeding day (July 5th) took up
its line of march for Jackson, and participated in the battle of Jack-
son, July 12th, losing 162 in killed and wounded. It then marched
to Vicksburg, and thence proceeded to Natchez. On the 28th of
November it returned to Vicksburg, and immediately marched to
the Big Black River, and went into winter quarters. In the spring
220 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
of 1864, it joined Sherman in his Atlanta campaign, participating
in its various engagements until the fall of that place. In Novem-
ber it took up its line of march for the sea, and on arriving at Savan-
nah was consolidated with the 58d Illinois, January 5, 1865, with
whose subsequent history it was identified.
FORTY-FOURTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 44th regiment was organized at Camp Ellsworth, Chicago,
and mustered into the service September 13, 1861. The following
is the original roster:
Colonel, Charles Knobelsdorf; Lieutenant-Colonel, William J. Stephenson; Major,
Thomas J. Hobart ; Adjutant, Charles T. Dake ; Quartermaster, William II, Gale ;
Surgeon, Ferdinand Weitzc ; 2d Assistant-Surgeon, William D. Carter ; Chaplain,
George Erwitu
Co. A — Captain, George Zelle ; 1st Lieutenant, Nicholas Davis; 2d Lieutenant,
Charles J. Hulbig.
C0_ B — Captain, Wallace W. Barrett; 1st Lieutenant, Lemon G. Hine ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Samuel N. Andrews.
Co. C — Captain, John Russell ; 1st Lieutenant, John B. Stoner; 2d Lieutenant,
Eli R. Manley.
Co. D — Captain, Edwin L. Hays; 1st Lieutenant, David 0. Livermore ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Jacob C. Hoffmire.
Co. E — Captain, Lothar Lippert; 1st Lieutenant, John A Commercll ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William H. Gale.
Co. F — Captain. Andrew J. Hosmer; 1st Lieutenant, William Hicks; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James M. Stephenson.
Co. G — Captain, Luther M. Sabine; 1st Lieutenant, Randolph D. Hobart; 2d
Lieutenant, Robert Penman.
Co. H — Captain, James H. Barrett; 1st Lieutenant, Charles T. Dake; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James S. Ransom.
Co. I — Captain, Jasper Partridge; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas B. Lacy; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Jesse C. Bliss.
Co. K — Captain, Hermann Stach; 1st Lieutenant, Martin Reininger; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William Gebhardt.
September 14th, the regiment left Chicago for St. Louis, and after
receiving arms was sent to Jefferson City, arriving there on the
29th. It next went to Sedalia, where it was assigned to Sigel's com-
mand. October 13th, it left for Springfield, Missouri, arriving on
the 27th, a few hours after Zagonyi's famous charge upon the rebels.
November 8th it was sent to Wilson's Creek, but soon returned to
THE FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 221
Spi-ingfield, and on the 13th followed the main army to Rolla, remain-
ing there during the winter, suffering severely from sickness. Feb-
ruary 2, 1862, it again started for Springfield, to attack Price, who
ingloriously fled on the approach of our forces. From the 13th to
the 20th the enemy were actively pursued, the 44th being continually
in the advance. On the 6th of March it moved to Sugar Creek Val-
ley, and on the same day was began the battle of Pea Ridge [Vol.
I., p. 222], which was concluded on the 7th, to the terrible discom-
fiture of the rebels, whose chieftains were slain. The 44th assisted
in the pursuit of the rebels for three days, when it was abandoned.
The regiment remained in this vicinity till April 5th, when it marched
to Forsyth, Missouri, and Batesville, Arkansas, where the army was
reorganized. On the 8th of May the 44th left Batesville in the direc-
tion of Little Rock, but the order was soon countermanded, and the
regiment sent to Cape Girardeau, and thence to Pittsburg Landing,
joining the main army two days previous to the evacuation of
Corinth. It followed in pursuit of the rebels, but soon returned to
Rienzi, Mississippi, remaining there till August 26th. It was then
sent to Cincinnati and Covington, where it remained till September
17th, when it joined General Buell's army at Louisville, and started
in pursuit of Bragg. It was at the battle of Perry ville, October
8th, and followed in the subsequent pursuit of the enemy as far as
Crab Orchard. On the 20th it marched to Bowling Green, where
General Rosecrans assumed command. November 4th it left for
Nashville, and participated in the Murfreesboro campaign. At Stone
River it took a prominent part, losing more than half its number in
killed and wounded. It remained with the army at Murfreesboro
till June 28, 1863, and again went out to meet the enemy, engaging
them at Hoover's Gap, Shelbyville and Tullahoma, arriving at Cowan
Station July 2d. After a few days' rest, it moved to Stevenson, Ala-
bama, driving the rear of the rebel army across the Tennessee at
Bridgeport, Alabama, returning to Stevenson. On the 21st of August
began the movement against Chattanooga. The 44th — which was
in the 20th Corps — crossed Sand Mountains, and was moving
toward Rome when the rebels attacked our forces at Chickamauga.
It was immediately ordered back, and after three days' forced march-
ing arrived on the field in time to take part in the battles of the 19th
222 P \ i EtIOTIBM 01 ILLINOIS.
and 20th of September. Palling back to Chattanooga, it remained
there, living on quarter rations, till the latter part of November.
On the -'"'tli of this month it was foremost in the bloody charge upon
Mission Ridge, General Sheridan giving it the credit of being one
of the first to place a flag on the rebel works. It then followed the
retreating rebels, capturing many* prisoners and several pieces of
artillery. On the 27th it was ordered back to Chattanooga to pre-
pare for a forced march to Knoxville to relieve Burnside. It arrived
there three days after the siege had been raised. It then marched
to Seaverville, back again to Knoxville, and thence to Strawberry
Plains, where it was reported the enemy had made a stand. It then
■went into camp at Blaine's Cross Roads, where for a time it was on
the point of starvation, having several times, for days to subsist on
corn in the ear, and but a limited supply of that. If anything were
necessary to prove tbe devotion and patriotism of the gallant 44th,
it may be said that while here, suffering intensely from hunger and
cold, over three fourths of the men voluntarily re-enlisted as veterans,
though the ink would freeze to the pen as they signed the roll. About
the 12th of January, 1864, the regiment marched to Dandridge,
Tennessee, and on the 16th and 17th was attacked by a superior
force of the rebels, and forced back to Knoxville. From there it
marched to Kingston, and on the 30th to Chattanooga, where, Feb-
ruary 3d, it received full rations from the Government for the first
time in four months. On the 1st of March it reached Chicago, where
it received veteran furlough. On the 14th of April it reached Nash-
ville on its return to the field, and immediately moved for the front.
May 1st it left Chattanooga, and jointd the main army in the move-
ment upon Atlanta, participating in the battles of Buzzard's Roost,
Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, Dallas, New Hope Church,
Kenesaw Mountain, Gulp's Farm, Chattahoochee River, Peach Tree
Creek, Atlanta and Jonesboro. From Atlanta, September 28th, it
marched to Chattanooga, and on the 18th of October was sent out
on a reconnoitering expedition to Alpine Valley. It then joined in
the pursuit of Hood through Tennessee, participating in the battle
of Franklin, where it showed great gallantry. At the battle of
Nashville it bore a prominent part, and followed in pursuit of the
broken columns of the rebels. It remained at Bull's Gap and Blue
THE FORTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. 223
Spring till April 19, 1865, when it was ordered to Nashville, leaving
there on the 19th of June for New Orleans, where it remained till
July 16th, when it was ordered to Texas. It remained in this State
till September 25, 1865, when it was mustered out at Camp Union,
and ordered home. It arrived at Springfield on the 15th of October,
and was paid off and discharged.
FORTY-FIFTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 45th infantry — the well-known "Lead Mine Regiment" — was
organized in Galena and Chicago, six companies being recruited
from the lead mines in the vicinity of the former city. It was mus-
tered into the service December 26, 1861, with the following list of
officers :
Colonel, John Eugene Smith ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Jasper A. Maltby ; Major,
Melancthon Smith ; Adjutant, William T. Frohock ; Quartermaster, John Pvatt ;
Surgeon, Edward D. Kittoe ; 1st Assistant-Surgeon, Francis Weaver; 2d Assistant-
Surgeon, William Lyman ; Chaplain, George W. Woodward.
Co. A — Captain Abraham Polsgrove ; 1st Lieutenant, William T. Frohock; 2d
Lieutenant, George Moore.
Co. B — Captain, Luther H. Cowen ; 1st Lieutenant, Nesbit Banger ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Samuel H. Townseud.
Co. C — Captain, Thomas Burns; 1st Lieutenant, James Rouse; 2d Lieutenant,
John Byrne.
Co. D — Captain, Thomas D. Connor; 1st Lieutenant, William R. Rowley; 2d
Lieutenant, John 0. Duer.
Co. E — Captain, Leander B. Fisk ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles D. Overstreet ; 2d
Lieutenant, John M. Adair.
Co. F — Captain, Melancthon Smith; 1st Lieutenant, Robert P. Seely ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Dennis W. Griffin.
Co. G — Captain, Robert P. Seeley ; 1st Lieutenant, Dennis W. Griffin ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Syrice M. Budlong.
Co. H — Captain, John B. Hawley ; 1st Lieutenant, William B. Seymour ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Thomas C. Morris.
Co. I — Captain, Oliver A. Bridgford; 1st Lieutenant, James Balfour ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Henry H. Boyce.
Co. K — Captain, Benjamin F. Holcomb ; 1st Lieutenant, John Gray ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Luther B. Hunt.
The 45th left Chicago for Cairo on the 12th of January, 1862, and
on arriving at the latter point was immediately dispatched to aid
Grant in his capture of Forts Henry and Donelson, at which engage-
221: PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
ments, although entirely new to the service, " the boys'1 highly dis-
tinguished themselves by their gallantry. From here the regiment
was ordered to Pittsburg Landing, and was soon aft< rward employed
in the memorable battle of Shiloh, and the investmenl an I
Corinth. After the fall of Corinth ii was sent on Grant's famous
Mississippi campaign. In this it had several skirmishes and fights.
On the 25th of April, 1863, it was ordered back from Milliken's
P. ill, Louisiana, where it had been for sonic time encamped, to join
in the siege of Vicksburg. On the 1st of May it was in the engage-
ment at Thompson's Hill, in which, as at Bayou Pierre on the 3d,
Raymond on the 12th, Jackson on the 1 Ith and Champion Hill on
the 15th, it proudly sustained the honor of the Union arms. On
the 1 9th of May it went into the works at Vicksburg, and bore its
full share of the toils of that arduous siege until the fall of that rebel
stronghold. It was this regiment which mined and blew up Fort
Hill,' aided in the desperate assault upon it on the 25th of June,
and not only took, but held it, against every effort of the enemy, who
raw inevitable ruin in its loss; and the battle flag of the 45th was
the first to float over the Court House of Vicksburg. [Vol. I., p.
471.] It remained here doing provost duty until October 14th,
when it was ordered out on the Canton raid, which was uneventful
beyond a sharp skirmish at Boguechitto Creek, on the 17th. It
returned from it to Vicksburg, went to Black River, Mississippi, on
November 7th, and from there was sent to join Sherman on the cele-
brated Meridian raid. Beyond skirmishing and destroying rebel
property, railroads, bridges, etc., the only event of this raid was a
fight at Chunky Station, on the 14th, where the 45th whipped and
drove off five times its number of rebels. Before going on this raid
the regiment had re-enlisted for three years, at Black River, January
5, 1864, and after its completion it was sent home on veteran fur-
lough. On May 1, 18G4, it returned to Cairo, its furlough having
expired, and on the 14th arrived at Clifton, Tennessee, whence it
performed a march of 310 miles to Big Shanty, Georgia, where it
joined Sherman on June 9th. Its share in the great march " down
to the sea" was about the same as that of all the other regiments
participating in that grand pedestrian feat, with the exception that
it was sent by water from Savannah to Beaufort, and had a severe
THE FORTY- SIXTH INFANTRY. 225
but victorious engagement with the enemy at Pocotaligo on January
14, 1865. It then rejoined the army of Sherman, and went with it
to Washington, thence to Louisville, where it was mustered out,
and then returned home, reaching Chicago on the 15th of July, ] 865.
This regiment won a gallant reputation, but at the expense of great
losses. When first mustered into the service it numbered, rank and
file, 960, and on its return on veteran furlough, disease and battle
had reduced it down to 231. Again it was filled up to 705, and
brought back but 393 men and 17 officers. The first Colonel of the
45th, John E. Smith, was promoted to the rank of Major-General.
The first Lieutenant-Colonel, J. A. Maltby, became a Brigadier-Gene-
ral. The first Major, J. A. Rawlins, became a Major-General, and
Chief of General Grant's staff. Lieutenant-Colonel Smith (succeed-
ing Maltby ) was killed at Fort Hill, on June 25, 1863, and in the
same engagement Major L. H. Cowan (succeeding Rawlins) was
also killed. Captain R. P. Seeley, of Company G, then became
Lieutenant- Colonel in command, and Captain J. O. Duer, Major,
and on the expiration of Lieutenant-Colonel Seeley's term of ser-
vice, Duer was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel, which rank he held
at the muster-out of the regiment.
FORTY-SIXTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 46th regiment was raised as follows: Companies A, B, C, G
and K, in Stephenson County ; Company F, Richland County ; Com-
panies D, E, H and I, in Lee, Ogle and Whiteside counties. It was
organized at Camp Butler, and mustered into the service on the 28th
of December, 1861. The following is the original roster:
Colonel, John A. Davi.g ; Lieutenant-Colonel, William 0. Jones ; Major, Frederick
A. Starring; Adjutant, Benjamin Dornblaser ; Quartermaster, Frank Fuller; Sur-
geon, Elias C. DuPuy ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Charles Carle; Chaplain, D. Teed.
Co. A — Captain, John Musser ; 1st Lieutenant, William 0. Saxton ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Isaac A. Arnold.
Co. B — Captain, Rollin V. Ankeny; 1st Lieutenant, Henry Roush ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Thomas J. Hathaway.
Co. C — Captain, Frederick Khrumme ; 1st Lieutenant, Philip Arno ; 2d Lieuten-
cnt, Addo Borchers.
Co. D — Captain, William F. Wilder; l3t Lieutenant, Joel L. Coe; 2d Lieutenant,
Henry H. Woodbury.
15
226 PATRIOTISM OF ILI.INMS.
Co. K — Captain, Jolm M. Marble; lat Lieutenant, William Lane; 2d Lieutenant,
William Plants.
Co. K — Captain, Thomas Wakefield; 1st Lieutenant, John W. Barr; 2d Lieuten-
ant, W infield S. Ingraham.
Co. C — Captain, William Young; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas Ilood ; 2d Lieutenant,
Ifoaea 11. Thompson.
Co. II — Captain, John Stevens; 1st Lieutenant, John A. Hughes; 2d Lieutenant,
Frederick W. Pike.
Co. I — Captain, Clunks P. Stinson ; 1st Lieutenant, James Ballard ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William II. Howell.
Co. K — Captain, John McCracken ; 1st Lieutenant, William Stewart; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Beverley W. Whitney.
On the 11th of February, 18G2, the regiment left Springfield for
Cairo, and at once reported to General Grant, before Fort Donelson,
on the 14th. On the loth it was ordered to the support of a battery
on our right, where it was partially exposed to a brisk fire from the
enemy, and had three men wounded, one mortally. After the surren-
der it was put on guard duty, and on the 17th ordered to Fort Henry.
March 6th it left for Savannah, Tennessee, and arrived at Pittsburg
Landing on the 18th. It bore a heroic part in the battle of Shiloh,
where Colonel Davis had two horses shot under him, and was him-
self very badly wounded. It participated in the movement upon
Corinth until the evacuation of the place. On the 10th of June it
marched to the Ilatchie River, and rebuilt a bridge which had been
destroyed by the rebels. It then went to Grand Junction, Lagrange,
etc., making a reconnoissance in force. On the 17th of July it started
for Memphis, arriving on the 21st, and going into camp. August
27th it went out on the Pigeon Roost road, returning on the 31st.
September 6th it started for Bolivar, remaining till October 4th,
when the troops were ordered to make a diversion in the direction
of Corinth. On the 5th, at Metamora, the battle of the Ilatchie was
fought, the 46th distinguishing itself for gallantry, and fully sustain-
ing the glorious reputation won at Shiloh. Colonel Davis, who had
returned to his regiment while still suffering from his wounds, fell at
the head of his regiment, and died on the 10th, at the regimental
camp at Bolivar. November 3d the regiment returned to its old
camp at Lagrange, remaining there till the 28th, when it marched to
Holly Springs, Mississippi, and took part in the Vicksburg campaign
of 1862, during a part of which it was compelled to subsist entirely
RE-ENLISTMENT AS VETERANS. 227
upon what could be obtained from the surrounding country, all sup-
plies having been cut off. On the 12th of March, 1863, the 46th
arrived at Memphis. On the 21st of April it marched to Hernando,
Mississippi, to reinforce Colonel Bryant, who was in command of a
brigade near Coldwater, and returned to Memphis on the 24th.
May 13th the regiment left for Vicksburg, landing at Young's Point
ou the 15th. A portion of the regiment was captured on the night
of the 25th of May, while on picket duty. The balance of it partici-
pated in the siege until the surrender. It next went to Jackson,
Mississippi, and took part in the siege and capture of that place,
returning to Vicksburg on the 23d of July. On the 11th of August
it left for Natchez, where it remained till November 10th, and then
returned to Vicksburg. January 4, 1864, the regiment was mustered
into the veteran service, and on the 12th left for home on veteran
furlough, arriving at Freeport, Illinois, on the 23d. From that date
until the 1st of March the time was occupied in recruiting up to
the maximum standard. On the 2d of the latter month, the regi-
ment left Freeport, 987 strong, and proceeded to Vicksburg. On
the 4th of May it embarked on an expedition under General McAr-
thur to Benton and Yazoo City, returning to Vicksburg on the 21st.
On the 1st of July it started upon the Jackson expedition under
Major-General Slocum. While on this expedition, the regiment met
the enemy on the 5th and 6th, near Clinton and Jackson, where it
well maintained its reputation. Its loss was 3 killed, 36 wounded,
1 captured, 3 missing ; total, 45. On the 29th of July it embarked
for Morganzia, Louisiana. While lying here, on the night of August
8th, Lieutenant-Colonel Jones and 200 men of the regiment, while
out on a scout, captured twelve rebels, who had fallen asleep, not
dreaming of the near proximity of the boys in blue. On the 24th
of August the 46th arrived at Port Hudson, and after a brief expe-
dition to Clinton, returned to Morganzia. September 4th it proceeded
to the mouth of the White River, where it went into camp, and
where, on the 13th, the non-veterans of Companies A, B and C left
it for home. On the 9lhof October it arrived atDuvalFs Bluff, Ar-
kansas, and thence, November 27th, proceeded to Memphis. Decem-
ber 21st it joined in an expedition in the direction of Lagrange,
returning on the 31st. On the 2d of January, 1865, it embarked for
228 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Louisiana, and on the 8th and 9th of February, wont into oamp at
Dauphin [sland, Alabama. During the investment of Spanish Fort,
the 40th guarded the rear. During the siege of Fori Blakely, it
alternated with other regiments in doing duty in the rear and in the
trenches, taking part in the final capture. On the 12th of April
Mobile was surrendered to our forces, wh<> immediately occupied it.
On the 27th of May the 46th embarked lor New Orleans, which place
it soon after left for Shrcveport. It was stationed here and at Grand
Ecore till December 27th, when it received orders for muster out
and discharge, which were given at Baton Rouge on the 20th of
January, I860, when it embarked for Camp Butler, Illinois. Here
it received final discharge on the 1st of February, having been in
the service nearly four years and a half.
FORTY-SEVENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 47th regiment was organized at Peoria, and was mustered
into the service on the 16th of August, 1861. The following is the
original roster :
Colonel, John Bryner ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Daniel L. Miles; Major, William A.
Thrush; Adjutant, Rush \V. Chambers; Quartermaster, William Stewart; Surgeon,
George L. Lucas; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Timothy Babb ; 2d Assistant Surgeon,
Luther M. Andrews; Chaplain, Jeremiah Hazen.
Co. A — Captain, John N. Cromwell; 1st Lieutenant, Converse Southard; 2d
Lieutenant, Jolin W. Dodds.
Co. B — Captain, Joseph B. Miles; 1st Lieutenant, Benjamin F. Biser; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George Kinnear.
Co. C — Captain, John D. McLure ; 1st Lieutenant, Silas Chappie ; 2d Lieutenant,
George Broad.
Co. D — Captain, John C. Townsend ; 1st Lieutenant, Orlando Fountain ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James P. Warrell.
Co. E — Captain, Samuel R. Baker; 1st Lieutenant, George Puterbaugh; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William W. Pierce.
Co. F — Captain, Lyman W. Clark; 1st Lieutenant, Theodore M. Lowe; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Joseph Moullon.
Co. G — Captain, Harmon Andrews; 1st Lieutenant, William Armmtrout ; 2d
Lieutenant, Abel Bradley.
Co. H — Captain, Thompson Gordon; 1st Lieutenant, George A. Wilkins ; 2d
Lieutenant, James Brassfield.
Co I — Captain, Samuel S. Jackman; 1st Lieutenant, James Tisdale ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Chester Andrews.
Co. K — Captain, Jacob Jemison ; 1st Lieutenant, David De Wolf; 2d Lieutenant,
Amos Tucker.
THE FOETY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 229
On the 23d of September the regiment left Peoria for St. Louis,
where it remained till October 9th, obtaining equipments and drill-
ing. It then went to Jefferson City, and was engaged in post duties
in Missouri till February 18, 1862, when it went to St. Louis. It
then joined General Pope's command in the movement upon New
Madrid and Island No. 10, and participated in it till those points
were captured. April 22d it arrived at Hamburg Landing, to join
in the Corinth campaign. May 9th it took part in the battle of
Farmington, where Lieutenant-Colonel Miles was killed, and in the
movement upon Corinth till its evacuation, when it joined in the
pursuit of the rebels. July 3d it marched to Rienzi, Mississippi, and
thence, August 18th, to Tuscumbia. It was at the battle of Iuka
September 19th, and after one day's pursuit of the enemy returned
to Corinth, arriving in time to participate in the battles of October
3d and 4th. Here it lost 30 killed, and over one hundred wounded.
Among the former were Colonel William A. Thrush and Captain
David DeWolf. It engaged in the pursuit of the enemy as far as
Ripley, Mississippi, returning to Corinth on the 14th. November
3d it started with General Grant on the Yocna expedition, arriving
at Grand Junction January 1, 1863, and Corinth January 14th.
From January 26th to March 12th it was guarding the railroad at
Ridgeway Station, Tennessee. It then joined the grand army mov-
ing upon Vicksburg, participating in nearly all its operations.
May 14th it took part in the capture of Jackson, Mississippi. While
leaving the city as rear guard, Colonel John N. Cromwell became
momentarily detached from the regiment, and, being surrounded by
the rebels, was summoned to surrender, but refused, and was killed
in the attempt to escape. The regiment immediately returned to
Vicksburg, and took part in the assault upon the enemy's works on
the 22d of May. June 4th it took part in an engagement at
Mechanicsville, and on the 14th at Richmond, in both of which the
enemy were defeated. After the fall of Vicksburg, it encamped at
Bear Creek, engaging in an occasional scout till the middle of
November, when it moved to Memphis, and from there to Lagrange,
where it guarded the railroad, occasionally making a scout against
Forrest's guerrillas. On the 26th of January it returned to Mem-
phis, and on the 1st of February to Vicksburg, going into camp at
230 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
the Black River Bridge. March 10th it left Vicksburg on the Red
River expedition under General A. J. Smith, and was present at the
capture of Fort De Russey, March L4th; participated in the night
surprise and capture of a rebel regiment and battery at Henderson
Hill, on the 22d ; took part in the battle of Pleasant Hill, April !Jth,
and during the expedition was under lire several times, besides endur-
ing very severe hardships. May 22d it arrived at Vicksburg, having
been for three months engaged in a very tedious campaign. June
5th it left for Memphis, disembarking at Lake Chicot, marching
inland a short distance, and "pitched into" and whipped a strong
force of the enemy under Marmaduke. It then proceeded to Mem-
phis, where the non-veterans joined General Smith's Tupelo expedi-
tion, and with it took part in the battle of Tupelo. The re-enlisted
veterans, 107 in number, were sent north on thirty days' furlough,
rejoining the regiment on the 8th of August, and the entire regiment
accompanied General Smith's Oxford expedition. On its return it
engaged the enemy at Abbeville, August 23d, and reached Memphis
on the 27th. The original term of service of the regiment having
expired, the non-veterans were ordered home to Springfield, where
they were mustered out and discharged, October 11, 18G4. The vete-
rans and recruits, under Lieutenants Edward Bonham and Royal
Olmsted, accompanied General Mower's expedition up White River
to Brownsville, Arkansas, and thence into Missouri, in pursuit ol
General Price. After campaigning for some time in Missouri, the
detachment arrived in St. Louis November 4th, and proceeded to
Chicago to assist in quelling any disturbance which might arise on
the day of election. It was next ordered to Springfield, where two
hundred drafted men and four full companies were assigned to it.
Lieutenant Edward Bonham was commissioned Major, and the bat-
talion ordered to St. Louis, December 3d. Its destination was then
changed to Louisville, whence it was sent to Bowling Green. Janu-
ary 27, 1865, it moved via Nashville to its old command at Eastport,
Mississippi. It went to New Orleans, and joined the expedition to
Mobile Bay, taking part in the reduction of Spanish Fort. While
lying in front of Spanish Fort, it received six additional companies
from Springfield, making it once more a full regiment. After the
fall of Mobile it marched to Montgomery, Alabama, arriving April
THE FOKTY-EIGHTH AND FOKTY-NINTH INFANTRY. 231
25th. During the summer it was on duty at Selma, Cahawba and
Demopolis, and was mustered out at Selma, January 21, 1866, and
finally paid and discharged at Springfield on the 5th of February.
FORTY-EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
In the first volume of this work [p. 326] we have given the origi-
nal roster of this regiment, with its history to the time of its re-en-
listment as a veteran regiment, in January, 1864. March 10th, at
the expiration of its veteran furlough, it left Centralia for Nashville,
thence to Chattanooga, where it joined Sherman's army in the Atlanta
campaign, and participated in the engagements at Resaca, Dallas,
New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Sand Town, Decatur, before
Atlanta, siege of Atlanta, and at Jonesboro and Lovejoy Station.
It next joined in the march to the sea and the Carolina campaign,
with credit to itself and the State. After the grand review at
Washington, in which it had a part, it went to Louisville, leaving
that city for Little Rock, June 25, 1865. Here, on the 16th of
August, it was mustered out and sent to Camp Butler, where it
arrived on the 21st, and was paid off and discharged.
FORTY-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 49th was organized at Camp Butler, and mustered into the
service on the 31st of December, 1861. The following is the origi-
nal roster :
Colonel, William R. Morrison ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Thomas G. Allen ; Major, John
B. Hay ; Adjutant, James Morrison ; Quartermaster, James W. Davis ; Surgeon,
William II. Medcalfe ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Andrew Beatty ; Chaplain, James B.
Corrigan.
Co. A — Captain, Thomas W. Morgan; 1st Lieutenant, Nicholas C. Chester; 2d
Lieutenant, William H. Rogers.
Co. B — Captain, William P. Moore ; 1st Lieutenant, James P. Burns; 2d Lieuten-
jvnt, William Wesley.
Co. C — Captain, Louis Kinghoff; 1st Lieutenant, Philip Doll; 2d Lieutenant,
Simeon Spiia.
Co. D — Captain, John W- Brokaw ; 1st Lieutenant, James W. Cheney; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Emery B. Harlan.
Co. E — Captain, John G. Berrey ; 1st Lieutenant, James M. Mcguire ; 2d Lieuten
ant, Henry W. Kerr.
232 PATRIOTISM OK ILLINOIS.
Co. F — Captain, Benjamin W. .Jones; 1st Lieutenant, Hansom 0. Hagerman; 2d
Lieutenant, William T. Preeland.
Co. Q Captain, Lewis W. Moore; 1st Lieutenant, William W. Bliss; 2d Licu-
tenant, William M. Whaling.
Co. II — Captain, Jacob E. Gauen; 1st Lieutenant, Service Sunday ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Jacob Fischer.
Co. I — Captain, Archibald W. Thompson; 1st Lieutenant, James L. MeClurken ;
•j.l Lieutenant, George L. Watts.
Co. K — Captain, Benjamin T. Wood ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph Laur; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James G. Gilbert.
February 3, 1862, the regiment left Springfield for Cairo. On the
9th it reported to General Grant at Fort Henry, and was sent to
Fort Donelson, and bore a gallant part in the siege and capture of
that stronghold. It was next at the battle of Shiloh, where it lost
17 killed and 9!) wounded. It took part in the siege of Corinth till
its evacuation. June 6th it was stationed at Bethel, Tennessee,
guarding the railroad, remaining there till March 10, 1863. It then
went to White Station, guarding the railroad, until August 10th. It
then joined the White River expedition against Little Rock. Be-
tween 2 and 3 o'clock A. M., August 30th, while en route to White
River, the steamer Courier, on which it was proceeding, collided
with the Des Arc and was sunk. No lives were lost, but a number
of mules and horses and a quantity of ammunition and equipage and
the company records sank with the steamer. It was the advance
regiment in the capture of Little Rock, September 10th, and encamped
there till November loth, when it was sent to Memphis. Here, on
the 15th of January, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted in the veteran
service. On the 27th it went to Vicksburg, and joined in General
Sherman's Meridian campaign. Returning to Vicksburg, March 3d,
il participated in the Red River expedition, and was at the capture
of Fort De Russey, March 14th, and the battle of Pleasant Hill,
Georgia, April 9th, and numerous skirmishes. It returned to Mem-
phis, June 10th, and on the 24th was sent home on veteran furlough.
The non-veterans remained, under Captain John A. Logan, and
took part in the Tupelo expedition, engaging the enemy at Tupelo,
July 14th and 15th. The veterans rendezvoused at Centralia, and
on the 4th of August left for Cairo, Nashville and Holly Springs,
where the regiment was re-united. It participated in the Oxford
expedition, and returned to Memphis on the 30th of August. It was
THE FIFTIETH INFANTRY. 233
then ordered to Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. When the boat was
about three miles above Cape Girardeau, it struck a snag and was
sunk, but by the exertions of the regiment the leak was stopped and
the boat bailed out and raised. September 30th the regiment left
St. Louis for Franklin, Missouri, where, October 1st, it met the enemy
and drove them out and occupied the town. It then accompanied
the army in pursuit of Price. It returned to St. Louis November
18th, and on the 24th embarked for Nashville, and participated in
the battles of December 15th and 16th. On the 24th it was ordered
to Paducah, Kentucky, where the non-veterans were mustered out.
The veteran organization remained here on garrison duty till it was
mustered out, September 9, 1865. On the 15th it arrived at Spring-
field, where it was paid off and discharged.
FIFTIETH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 50th regiment was organized at Quincy, and mustered into
the service August 20, 1861. The original roster was as follows :
Colonel, Moses M. Bane; Lieutenant-Colonel, William Swarthout ; Major, Geoigc
W. Randall; Adjutant, Thomas J. Brown; Quartermaster, William Keal ; Surgeon,
Henry W. Kendall; 1st. Assistant Surgeon, Garner H. Banc.
Co. A — Captain, Edgar Pickett; 1st Lieutenant, Henry P. W. Cramer; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Sergeant Moody.
Co. B — Captain, John W. Smith; 1st Lieutenant, Henry E. Horn ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William H. Harbison.
Co. C — Captain, William M. Gooding; 1st Lieutenant, Theodore W. Letton ; 2d
Lieutenant, Horace L. Burnham.
Co. D — Captain, Thomas W. Gaines ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry Cusick ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William K. Hazlewood.
Co. E — Captain, William Hanna ; 1st Lieutenant, Albert Pickett; 2d Lieutenant,
William W. Birchard.
Co. F — Captain, William B. Snyder; 1st Lieutenant, Charles J. May; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Charles M. Harris.
Co. G — Captain, George W. Brown ; 1st Lieutenant, Selah W. King ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Edward P. Barrett.
Co. H — Captain, Samuel R. Glenn ; 1st Lieutenant, William S. Ishmel ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John Cooper.
Co. I — Captain, Joseph' D. Wolf ; 1st Lieutenant, Horace L. Dunlap ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George W. Elliott.
Co. K — Captain, Timothy D. McGillicuddy ; 1st Lieutenant, Jefferson White ; 2d
Lieutenant, William A. Shane.
On the 9th of October, the regiment left for Hannibal, Missouri,
23-i PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
and remained campaigning in that State 'ill January 27, 1862, when
it reported to General Grant :tt Cairo. It was at the taking of Fort
Ili'iirx by Commodore Foote, and took an active part in the siege
and capture of Fort Donelson. February 23d it went to Clarksville,
Tennessee, and occupied the town, where it discovered set era! pieces
of artilli sry which had been secreted by the rebels. On the 27th it
was ordered to Nashville, but immediately returned to Clarksville.
On the 30th of March it arrived at Pittsburg Landing, and took an
active part in the battle of Shiloh and the subsequent movement
upon Corinth. When the town was evacuated, the 50th joined in
the pursuit of tin- rebels as far as Booneville, Mississippi, returning
to Corinth, June 11th. On the 3d and 4th of October it was engaged
in the repulse of the attack of the rebels upon Corinth, and did
excellent service. The enemy was repulsed, and the .50th took
part in pursuit of them to Ruckersville, Mississippi, returning to
Corinth on the 12th. Here it remained until December 4. 8th, when
it went out on a scout to Lexington, Tennessee, returning on the 23d.
April 15, 18G3, it was sent to Tuscumbia, skirmishing, while on the
way, at Bear Creek, Cherokee and Newsom's Farm. On the 27th
it met the enemy at Courtland, and fought them on the following
day. On the 3d of .May it again arrived at Corinth. November 6th
it started for Eastport, Mississippi, and on the 12th went into camp
at Lynnville, twelve miles north of Pulaski. On the 17th the regi-
ment wras ordered to be mounted for scouting duty. It remained
here on such duty until it was mustered into tin veteran service,
January 16, 1864, when it started for home. February 28th, the
veteran furlough having expired, the regiment left Quincy for Lynn-
ville, Tennessee, to rejoin its command, arriving there March 5th,
with over 200 recruits. It soon took part in the Atlanta campaign,
doing garrison duty at Rome most of the time. At the battle ot
Allatoona, which soon followed, it bore an honorable part. It then
joined Sherman in his grand march to the sen, and participated in
the Carolina campaign. On the 24th of May, 1865, it took part in
the grand review at Washington, and on the 3d of June started for
Louisville. It was mustered out here on the 13th of July, and on
the following day arrived at Camp Butler, where it was paid off and
'discharged.
THE FIFTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 235
FIFTY-FIRST ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 51st regiment was organized at Camp Douglas, Chicago, and
mustered into the service on the 24th of December, 1861. The fol-
lowing is the original roster :
Colonel, Gilbert W. Gumming ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Luther P. Bradley ; Major,
Samuel B. Raymond ; Adjutant, Charles W. Davis ; Quartermaster, Henry Rowland ;
Surgeon, William C. Hunt ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, John S. Pashley ; 2d Assistant
Surgeon, Thomas L. Magee.
Co. A — Captain, Henry F. Wescott ; 1st Lieutenant, James E. Montandon; 2d
Lieutenant, Antonio DeAnguera.
Co. B — Captain, Isaac K. Gardner; 1st Lieutenant, Henry W. Hall; 2d Lieuten-
ant, George J. Waterman.
Co. C — Captain, Nathaniel B. Petts ; 1st Lieutenant, Albert M. Tilton ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Albert Eads.
Co. D — Captain, Ezra L. Brainard ; 1st Lieutenant, Theodore F. Brown; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James S. Boyd.
Co. E — Captain, John C. McWilliams; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas T. Lester ; 2d
Lieutenant, Augustus B. Sweeney.
Co. F — Captain, George L. Bellows ; 1st Lieutenant, Robert Houston ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Andrew H. Frasier.
Co. G — Captain, George H. Wentz ; 1st Lieutenant, Merritt B. Atwater ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Orin S. Johnson.
Co. H — Captain, John T. Whitson ; 1st Lieutenant, William H. Greenwood ; 2d
Lieutenant, Charles B. Whitson.
Co. K — Captain, Rufus Rose ; 1st Lieutenant, Otis Moody ; 2d Lieutenant, Albert
L. Coe.
The regiment left Chicago for Cairo February 14, 1862, and was
engaged there in guarding the prisoners from Fort Donelson, and
sending them north. On the 27th it crossed the river and camped
on the Kentucky shore. March 4th it went to Bertrand, Missouri,
where General Pope was collecting troops for a movement down the
river. On the 9th of April it went to the vicinity of New Madrid,
and took part in the movements which resulted in the capture of
that place. It then joined in the movement upon Island No. 10, and
actively participated in the capture of the rebels who fled from that
post. It next went down the river to Osceola, and on the 27th was
ordered to Hamburg, and took part in the battle of Farmington and
other movements upon Corinth. After the evacuation of the town,
the 51st took part in the pursuit of the retreating enemy. Return-
ing to Corinth, it was detailed for guard duty on the Memphis and
236 PATRIOTISM 01 ll.!.i.\'"is.
Charleston Railroad. On the 15th of September it reached Nash-
ville, bo join Buell in hia pursuit of Bragg. On the flth of Novem-
ber ;i rebel attack <»n Nashville was made, but without success. After
doing post duty for some time at Nashville, the 51st joined in the
movement against Bragg, and was in the thickest of the fight at
River. The three brigade commanders of the division were
hilled, and early in the day the command of the brigade fell upon
Colonel Bradley, of the 51st. On the 6th of January, 18G3, the
regiment marched three miles south of Murfrcesboro and encampi d.
On the 4th of March it marched to Eagleville, and two days later
stinted for Franklin, to aid in the pursuit of Van Dorn, who was fol-
lowed to Duck River, when the pursuit was abandoned. On the
24th of June it joined in the Tullahoma campaign, which resulted
in driving Bragg out of Tennessee. On the 30th of July it camped
at Bridgeport, Alabama, the rebel army being on the other side of
the river. September 2d it crossed the Tennessee and marched to
Alpine, Georgia, and took part in the various movements of the
Chickamauga campaign. At Chickamauga, on the first day of the
battle, it did gallant service, losing nearly one third its number in a
single half hour. On the second day, the whole division to which
it belonged became involved in confusion, but was skillfully extricated
by General Sheridan. At the battles of Mission Ridge and Look-
out Mountain the 51st was in the reserve. On the 28th of October
it marched to the relief of Burnside at Knoxville, reaching there
December 9th. On the 26th of January, 1864, the regiment reached
Chattanooga, where it re-enlisted in the veteran service, and was
sent home on furlough, reaching Chicago on the 17th of February.
On the 28th of March the regiment left Chicago for Nashville, and
marched thence to Chattanooga. It then joined in the Atlanta
campaign, taking part in the battles of Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca,
Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta and Jones-
boro. It afterward took part in the campaign which ended with the
battles of Franklin and Nashville, in both of which it did good ser-
vice. It then followed the retreating rebels till the pursuit was
abandoned, when it marched toward Huntsville, Alabama, and was
placed on "outpost'" duty at Decatur till March 31, 1865, suffering
great hardships. It then went to Greenville, East Tennessee, and
FIFTY-FIRST INFANTRY- 237
on the 15th of April to Nashville, where it remained till June 15th.
During this time the men whose term of service expired prior to
October 1, 1865, were mustered out and sent home. The remainder
of the regiment then left for New Orleans. July 28th it embarked
for Texas, camping, August 1st, at Placidor. On the 25th of Sep
tember, 1865, it was mustered out at Camp Irwin, Texas, and was
sent home for final payment and discharge, arriving at Camp Butler
on the 15th of October
CHAPTER XV.
REGIMENTAL AND PERSONAL.
The Thirty-seventh — Its Missouri Campaign — The Fifty-second — Its Various Com-
manders— General Sweeney — The Fifty-third — " Coshman'8 Brigade " — Tub
Fifty-Fourth — Re-enlistment as Veterans — The Fifty-seventh — At Shiloh and
Corinth — The Fifty-eighth — Capture at Shiloh — General W. F. Lynch — The
Fifty-ninth — A Missouri Regiment — Change of Designation — The Sixtieth —
Conclusion of Its Record — The Sixty-third — A Veteran Regiment — The Sixty-
fourth — "Yates Sharpshooters" — Brigadier-General Joseph S.Reynolds —
Major Fred. W Matteson — The Sixty-fifth — The " ScotchRegiment" — TnE
Three Months' Regiments of 1862 — The Sixty-seventh — The Sixty-eighth — Thjb
Sixty-ninth — The Seventieth — The Seventy-first.
TnE TniRTY-SEVENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY
WAS organized in the fall of 1861, and took the name of
" Fremont Rifles," in honor of General J. C. Fremont,
then a favorite among the radical Union men of the West. Com-
panies A and H were enlisted at Rock Island; C and F, at Wauke-
gan, Lake County; Company D, in part in Michigan, and the bal-
ance in Chicago; Company K, at Danville; Company E, at Men-
dota, LaSalle County; Companies G and I, in and about Chicago;
Company B, in Stark County. On the 18th of September, 1861,
the regiment was mustered into the United States service at Chicago,
with the following roster :
Colonel, Julius White ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Myron S. Barnes ; Major, Jolin Charles
Black ; Adjutant, A. Neiman ; Quartermaster, John II. Peck ; Surgeon, L. F.
Humeston ; Assistant Surgeon, E. A. Clark ; Chaplain, Edward Anderson.
Co. A — Captain, J. A. Jordan; 1st Lieutenant, Ilervey Curtis, Jr.; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Charles W. Hawes ; Orderly Sergeant, L. B. Morey.
Co. B — Captain, Charles V. Dickinson; 1st Lieutenant, Cassimer P. Jackson ; 2d
Lieutenant, Fracis A. Jones ; Orderly Sergeant, W. B. Todd.
THE THIRTY -SEVENTH INFANTRY. 239
Co. C — Captain, Eugene B. Payne; 1st Lieutenant, Judson J. Huntley; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Chauncey C. Morse ; Orderly Sergeant, Arthur Whitney.
Co. D — Captain, John W. Laimbeer ; 1st Lieutenant, Wells H. Blodgett; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Win. 0. Mazell; Orderly Sergeant, Wm. M. Johnson.
Co. E — Captain, Fhineas B. Rust; 1st Lieutenant, Orville R. Powers ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Charles W. Day; Orderly Sergeant, W. II. Smith.
Co. F — Captain, Erwin B. Messer ; 1st Lieutenant, Andreas Greve; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Gallis Faiiman; Orderly Sergeant, W. W. Doty.
Co. G — Captain, Henry N. Frisbee ; 1st Lieutenant, George R. Bell; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Manning F. Atkinson ; Orderly Sergeant, D. McCarty.
Co. H — Captain, J. B. Frick ; 1st Lieutenant, Herman Wolferd; 2d Lieutenant,
Joseph Eaton ; Orderly Sergeant, Hinckley.
Co. I — Captain, Ransom Kennicott ; 1st Lieutenant, Isaac C. Dodge ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Frederick J. Abbey ; Orderly Sergeant, George Kennicott.
Co. K — Captain, Wm. P. Black ; 1st Lieutenant, Wm. H. Pithian ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Wm. M. Bandy ; Orderly Sergeant, N. B. Hicks.
On the 19th of September, the regiment, then 1,035 strong,
received from the Chicago Board of Trade two: magnificent silk
banners — one a national ensign and the other their battle flag — and
on the same day embarked for St. Louis, which city it reached on
the 21st. On the 30th, the regiment was sent to Booneville, Mo.,
where it joined General Pope's expedition to Springfield. From
the latter place, eight companies proceeded to Ottersville, where
they remained during the winter.
On the 25th of January, 1862, the " Grand Army of the West,"
under Major-General Curtis, took up its line of march for Southwest
Missouri, in search of General Price and his crew. On this memor-
able march the 37th took part in the battle of Pea Ridge [vide Vol.
I., p. 222], in which its loss was 153 officers and men. It was
next stationed at Cassville, a small town in Southern Missouri,
where it did garrison duty until the fall of 1862, when it was trans-
ferred to General Schofield's command, under whom but little
active service was experienced. The regiment next joined General
Herron at Prairie Grove, where it participated in the battle which
bears that name, and under him again entered Arkansas. Again
it was ordered back into Missouri, being stationed for a brief
period at Raleigh. It afterward took part in the battle of Chalk
Bluffs, near Cape Girardeau. It again returned to St. Louis,
whence it embarked for Vicksburg, to join the forces under General
Grant. After the capture of that city it went to New Orleans,
240 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
and thence to Brazos Santiago, Texas, forming a part of the
expedition ap the Uio Grande. At Brownsville, Texas, on the
10th of February, 1864, the men re-enlisted as veterans. At this
date they numbered only about 327 men out of the 1,035 who left
Chicago, in September, 1861.
In March, L 86 4, the regiment returned to Chicago on veteran
furlough, where it delivered its battle-torn flags to the donors, the
Bo id of Trade, and received in return therefor a new stand of
colors. On the 26th of April, it again started for the front,
reaching Memphis on the 29th. After taking part in a raid in search
of Forrest, it proceeded to join the army of General Canby in
Louisiana. The regiment was stationed at Simsport when General
Banks made his disastrous retreat from Grand Ecore. It remained
in General Canby's department, traveling from place to place, until
the middle of February, 1865, when it was sent to Pensaoola, Florida.
A few weeks later it started for Mobile, where it arrived on the 2d
of April, and immediately invested Fort Blakeley. In the memorable
charge upon this fort, the 37th Illinois marched side by side with the
20th Iowa over 900 yards of open space, under a galling fire, and
charged directly upon the enemy's works, which were captured.
The 37th remained at or near Mobile until June 28th, when it was
sent to Texas, arriving at Galveston July 2d. It was stationed at
Galveston, Sabine City, Beaumont, Columbus and Houston, Texas,
until May 15, 1866, when it was mustered out and ordered to Spring-
field for final payment and discharge.
FIFTY-SECOND ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 52d regiment was organized at Geneva during October and
November, 1861, under the superintendence of Colonel I. G. Wilson,
and named the " Lincoln Regiment," and was composed of six com-
panies from Kane County, one from Winnebago County, one from
Bureau County, one from DeKalb County, and one from Whiteside
County, in all 940 men. The original roster was as follows :
Colonel, Isaac G. Wilson ; Lieutenant-Colonel, John S. Wilcox ; Major, Henry
Stark; Adjutant, Ethan J. Alien; Quartermaster, Charles B. Wells; Surgeon,
Lcland II. Angel; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Phineas K. Guild; 2d Assistant Surgeon,
George W. Rhor ; Chaplain, Benjamin Thomas.
THE FIFTY-SECOND INFANTKY. 241
Co. A — Captain, Smith G. Ward ; 1st Lieutenant, George E. Young ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Charles R. White.
Co. B — Captain, Edwin A. Bowen ; 1st Lieutenant, Solomon L. Roth; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George W. Graves.
Co. C — Captain, John S. Brown ; 1st Lieutenant, Edward M. Knapp ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Erskin M. Hoyt.
Co. D — Captain, Jacob Grimes; 1st Lieutenant, D. Carlos Newton; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Lewis H. Everts.
Co. E — Captain, Wesley Boyd ; 1st Lieutenant, Edward Brainard ; 2d Lieutenant,
Henry C. Barker.
Co. F — Captain, Nathan P. Herrington ; 1st Lieutenant, Slocura S. Dunn ; 2d
Lieutenant, John Dyer.
Co. G — Captain, Francis H. Bowman ; 1st Lieutenant, William H. Wilcox ; 2d
Lieutenant, William H. Earl.
Co. II — Captain, Alvah P. Maffatt ; 1st Lieutenant, Luther C. Lee ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Morris J. McGrath.
Co. I — Captain, Joseph T. Brown; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph E. Ewell ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Henry G. Wilmarth.
Co. K — Captain, Alphonso Barto ; 1st Lieutenant, Edward S. Wilcox; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Henry S. Doty.
During the months of December, 1861, and January, 1862, the
regiment was occupied in guarding the Hannibal and St. Joseph
Railroad in Missouri. In the latter part of January, 1862, it was
ordered to Smithland, Kentucky, where it remained until the attack
on Fort Donelson, when it was ordered to reinforce the army oper-
ating there, and arrived just in time to be assigned the unpleasant
duty of taking charge of several boat loads of prisoners, who were
delivered at Springfield and Chicago, after which the regiment ren-
dezvoused at St. Louis. It was then ordered to join the Army of the
Tennessee. It arrived at Pittsburg Landing and debarked on the
19th day of March, 1862, and was assigned to the 2d Division. It
was engaged in the bloody battle of Shiloh, April 6th and 7th, and
lost in killed, wounded and missing over one third of the number
engaged, distinguishing itself on several occasions. Participating
in the siege of Corinth, and the battles of Iuka and Corinth, it
remained as a part of the garrison of the latter town until the sum-
mer of 1863, being engaged much of the time in severe marches
after the rebel Generals Roddy, Chalmers and Forrest. During the
autumn of 1863, the regiment, as part of General Dodge's command,
marched across to Pulaski, Tennessee, from whence, on the 9th day
of June, 1864, it started for Illinois on veteran furlough, more than
16
212 rationed of illinozs.
three fourths of the regiment having re-enlisted. Soon after its
return to Pulaski, the division was ordered to Chattanooga, Tennes-
see, and the regiment entered upon the campaign against Atlanta,
participating in the battles of Snake Creek Gap, Resaea, Lay's Ferry,
Koine Cioss Roads, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Nickojack Creek
Decatur, 22d and 28th of July, before Atlanta, and Jonesboro.
After the evacuation of Atlanta, the 2d Division of the 10th Corps,
to which the regiment had been attached for two and a half j
was transferred to the 15th Corps, as the 4th Division, and was
ordered to Rome, Georgia, the last of September, and on the 5th day
of October it fought the bloody battle of Allatoona. On the 11th
day of May, 1865, the regiment, as a part of General Sherman's
grand army, started on his ever memorable " march to the sea."
On the termination of that grand march, at Raleigh, North Carolina,
the regiment went with the rest of the army on the pilgrimage to
Richmond, and thence to the grand review at Washington. It was
then ordered to Louisville, where it was mustered out of the
service on July 6, 1865, and thence was ordered to Chicago for
discharge.
The 52d originally numbered 940 men, and afterward received
about 400 recruits. "When mustered out, it numbered but 517 officers
and men.
During its existence as an organization, the 52d had no less than
six different commandants. The first was Colonel I. G.Wilson,
under whom it was raised. He resigned in December, 1861, very
soon after being mustered into the service, and was succeeded by
Captain T. W. Sweeney, of the 2d Infantry, United States Army
(Regulars). He was only in command about two months, when he
was promoted to the rank of Major in the regular army, and
made Brigadier-General of Volunteers. He has since made
himself more prominent by his connection with the Fenian Brother-
hood and its designs in behalf of Ireland. Lieutenant-Colonel J. S.
Wilcox was promoted to the rank of Colonel, and took command
upon Lieutenant-Colonel Sweeney's promotion in April, 1863. Colo-
nel Wilcox resigned while the regiment was home on veteran fur-
lough, and was succeeded in command by Lieutenant-Colonel E. A.
Bowen, who was mustered out on October 24, 1864, his term of ser-
THE FIFTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 2-43
vice having expired. Major Wesley Boyd next took command, until
December 18th, when his term of service also expired. At that
time, Lieutenant J. D. Davis, who had been promoted from the ranks
to a 2d Lieutenant, for meritorious conduct at Shiloh, and for other
gallant services had been raised to the rank of 1st Lieutenant, was
again promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel, as which he was in command
at the time the regiment was mustered out.
FIFTY-THIRD ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 53d regiment was organized at Ottawa, and mustered into
the service in March, 1862. It originally consisted of ten companies
of infantry, one of artillery and one of cavalry, and was known as
" Cushmaifs Brigade." * The original roster was as follows :
Colonel, Wm. H. "W. Cushman; Lieutenant-Colonel, Daniel F. Hitt; Major,
Theodore C. Gibson ; Adjutant, Seth W. Hardin ; Quartermaster, Philo Lindley ;
Surgeon, William W. Welsh ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, James 0. Harris; Chaplain,
Festus P. Cleveland.
Co. A — Captain, Josiah B. Wright; 1st Lieutenant, William Armstrong; 2d
Lieutenant, Daniel Slattery.
Co. B — Captain, Roland H. Allison ; 1st Lieutenant, Seldon B. Griswold ; 2d
Lieutenant, Jarvis B. Smith.
Co. C — Captain, Joseph E. Skinner; 1st Lieutenant, William F. Dewey ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Carser R. May.
Co. D — Captain, James E. Hudson; 1st Lieutenant, Warren H. Norton; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Albert S. Kinsloe.
Co. E — Captain, Charles M. Vaughn ; 1st Lieutenant, Alonzo W. Buell ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Mark C. Wheeler.
Co. F — Captain, Daniel L. Houston; 1st Lieutenant, William G. Earl; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John Potter.
Co. G — Captain, Morgan L. Payne ; 1st Lieutenant, George R. Lodge ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John H Elwood.
Co. H — Captain, John W. McClenahan; 1st Lieutenant, Timothy W. Atwood ;
2d Lieutenant, Simeon Rathbun.
Co. K — Captain, Michael Leahey ; 1st Lieutenant, Patrick Buckley ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Robert V. Simpson.
The regiment left Ottawa in March, 1862, for Camp Douglas,
Chicago, where it for a few days assisted in guarding the rebel
prisoners from Fort Donelson. It left Camp Douglas on the 23d,
*The company of artillery was detached from the regiment while at Chicago,
and was afterward known as " Coggswell's Battery." The cavalry company was
detached at St. Louis, and became Company I, 15th Illinois Cavalry.
244 PATRIOTISM OF H.LINOI8.
and proceeded to Savannah, Tennessee, and arrived on ih«' buttle
field of Shllofa on the 7th of April, after the enemy had been driven
from the field. It participated in the movement upon Corinth, which
place it entered on the 30th of May. It marched thence to Grand
Junction, where it was left alone for a few days, It entered Lagrange,
Tennessee, June 2Gth, and moved from thence to Holly Springe,
Memphis and Bolivar, arriving at the latter place September 1 3th.
On the 20th it made a reconnoissance, returning to Bolivar the next
day, having met the enemy in force near Grand Junction. On the
5th of October, while crossing "Davis' Bridge,,' on the Hatchie
River, it met four times its number of rebels, retreating in disorder
from Corinth, and defeated them. It returned to Bolivar October
8th, and marched to Lagrange November 4th. While here it made
two reconnoissances toward Coldwater. On the 28th it went with
General Grant on the " Yocna expedition," returning northward, to
the vicinity of Waterford, Mississippi, in the latter part of December.
January 11, 18G3, it arrived at Moscow, Tennessee, where it remained
during the winter, on guard and picket duty. March 11th it reached
Memphis, and remained there till May 17th, when it was sent to
Young's Point, Louisiana. On the 20th it went to Haines' Bluff,
and thence to Snyder's Bluff, where it remained till June 24th, and
then joined the main army in front of Vicksburg. It participated
in the siege and capture of that place, and suffered severely in killed
and wounded. It then took part in the siege and capture of Jack-
son, where it behaved with distinguished gallantry. Here Lieuten-
ant-Colonel Earl was killed, and a number of staff and line officers
were killed and wounded, Avhile the entire regiment suffered severely,
losing 134 men out of the 200 engaged. A few days afterward,
the regiment returned to Vicksburg, and on the 18th of August
moved by transports to Natchez, Mississippi, where it remained until
November 30th, when it embarked again for Vicksburg, camping at
Milldale, eight miles from the city. While here the regiment re-en-
listed in the veteran service. February 3, 18G4, it started upon the
Meridian campaign, returning to Hebron on the 29th. On the 13th
of March it was sent home on veteran furlough, arriving at Ottawa
on the 22d. At the expiration of the furlough, the regiment rejoined
its command, and in May proceeded to Clifton, whence it marched
THE FIFTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 245
across the country to join Sherman's army, then engaged in the
Atlanta campaign. It bore its share of the toils and perils of the
campaign, taking a prominent part in the desperate charges and
assaults of the 20th, 21st and 22d of July, losing in the three days'
fights 101 men. After a few days' rest at Eastport, it marched in
pursuit of Hood northward, returning to Marietta November 6th.
On the 16th it started on the march to the sea, and participated in
that and the Carolina campaign which succeeded it. While at Savan-
nah, the 41st Illinois, consisting of two companies and about 222
officers and men, was consolidated with the 53d, and became com-
panies G and K. The 53d was at the grand review at Washington
on the 24th of May, and from there proceeded to Louisville, Ken-
tucky, where it was mustered out of the service on the 22d of July.
It was then sent to Camp Douglas, Chicago, where it was paid off
and discharged on the 28th. The 53d was in the service nearly
four years, and traveled a distance of 7,023 miles.
FIFTY-FOURTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 54th infantry was organized at Camp Dubois, Anna, and
was mustered into the service on the 18th of February, 1862. The
following is the original roster:
Colonel, Thomas W. Harris ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Greenville M. Mitchell ; Major,
Augustus H. Chapman ; Adjutant, John W. True ; Quartermaster, George Monroe ;
Surgeon, Shubal York ; 1st Assistant-Surgeon, Thomas Wilkins ; Chaplain, Sidney
L. Harkey.
Co. A — Captain, Charles P. Woodruff; 1st Lieutenant, Russell W. Williams ; 2d
Lieutenant, William W. Purinton.
Co. B — Captain, Samuel B. Logan ; 1st Lieutenant, Johnson White ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Alexander M. Houston.
Co. C — Captain, Bird Monroe; 1st Lieutenant, Moses W. Robbins; 2d Lieutenant,
Joseph Ledbetter.
Co. D — Captain, Presley B. O'Dear; 1st Lieutenant, Merit B. Redding ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John F. Barkley.
Co. E — Captain, Neil Fisher ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas R. Miller ; 2d Lieutenant,
Chapman Sutton.
Co. F — Captain, John B. Hanah ; 1st Lieutenant, James Chapman ; 2d Lieutenant,
Stephen L. Latimer.
Co. G — Captain, Richard W. Belknap; 1st Lieutenant, Newton J. Blankenbaker ;
2d Lieutenant, Jacob M. Ryan.
Co. H — Captain, Edward Roessler ; 1st Lieutenant, John W. Johnson ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Hiram M. Scarborough.
24G PATHIOTISM OF 1LLINOI8.
Co. I — Captain, Jeremiah W. Boatman; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph T. Barkley ; 2d
Lieutenant, Besin W. Ajhbrook.
Ca K — Captain, Theodore 0. Rodrig; 1st Lieutenant, John II. Bailey ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Charles T. Kimble.
The regiment Left Camp Dubois for Cairo on the 24th of February,
and went thence to Columbus on the 14th of March. Here it
remained on fatigue duly, repairing fortifications, &0., until June
29th. Three companies were stationed at Humboldt, Tennessee,
during the fall. On the 18th of December the regiment was ordered
to Jackson, which was threatened by the rebels. Company 15 and
all the sick were left at "State Line," Tennessee, and the regiment
finally reached Jackson on the 28th. The men left behind were
captured by Forrest, who destroyed nearly all the records of the
regiment, which had been left along the railroad. The regiment
remained at Jackson till March, 1863. In April it marched to Cor-
inth, returning to Jackson within a week. On the 30th of May it
left Jackson, and arrived at Haines' Bluff on the 2d of June. Here
it remained as a part of General Sherman's army, confronting Gen-
eral Joe Johnston. It left for Helena, Arkansas, July 24th, and on
the 18th of August set out on the Little Rock expedition. It arrived
at Little Rock on the 18th of September, and swam the Arkansas during
the attack, being the only infantry regiment to cross the river that
day. October 15th it left for Benton and Rockport, returning on
the 23d. Here the regiment re-enlisted in the veteran service, and
on the 9th of February, 1864, was sent to Mattoon to receive fur-
loughs. The furloughs expired March 28th, and on that day a few
unarmed men from the regiment, who were en route to join it,
were attacked at Charleston, Illinois, by a party of Copperheads,
killing Major Shubal York, Surgeon of the regiment, and four pri-
vates, and wounding Colonel Mitchell. An hour later the regiment
arrived from Mattoon, and a number of the ringleaders of the attack
were captured. They were forwarded to Springfield, and thence
sent to Fort Delaware, but were afterward returned to the civil
authorities for trial. The regiment left Mattoon on the 12th of
April, and arrived at Little Rock on the 30th. On the 18th of May,
it left Little Rock and marched northward in pursuit of the rebel
General Shelby, and returned on the 30th. On the 26th of June, it
met Shelby's forces near Clarendon, Arkansas, pursued them across
THE FIFTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 247
the Cache River, and returned to Duvall's Bluff on the 20th. August
5th it relieved the 11th Missouri from guarding hay contractors on
the Memphis and Little Rock Railroad, having five stations, with two
companies at each. On the 24th it was attacked by General Shelby,
with 4,000 men and four pieces of artillery. Colonel Mitchell suc-
ceeded in concentrating six companies at one station, and they fought
till 3 o'clock P. M., when their hay works were set on fire by the
enemy's shell, and they were driven out and captured in detail. They
were paroled at Jacksonport, Arkansas, September 1st, and robbed
of their clothing and all their valuables, with General Shelby's
knowledge and consent. They were then sent to Benton Barracks, and
on the 5th of December were exchanged. On the 18th of January,
1865, the regiment arrived at Hickory Station, and was immediately
placad at its former station on the railroad, remaining there till June
5th. It was then sent to Pine Bluff, and thence to Fort Smith,
arriving on the 30th of August. October 4th, it returned to Little
Rock, where it was mustered out on the 15th. On the 26th of Octo-
ber it arrived at Camp Butler, where it was paid off and discharged.
The regiment, from its original entry into the service till its dis-
charge, mustered in 1,342 men and VI commissioned officers.
FIFTY-SEVENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 57th regiment was organized at Camp Douglas, Chicago, and
was mustered into the service December 26, 1861, numbering 975
officers and men. The following is the original roster:
Colonel, Silas D. Baldwin ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Frederick J. Hurlbut ; Major, Nor-
man B. Page ; Adjutant, Norman E. Eahn ; Quartermaster, Edward Hamilton ; Sur-
geon, James Zearing ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Henry S. Blood.
Co. A — Captain, John Phillips; 1st Lieutenant, John N. Schilling; 2d Lieutenant,
William F. Conkey.
Co. B — Captain, Alfred H. Manzer; 1st Lieutenant, Nathan Linton; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John R. Larkin.
Co. C — Captain, William S. Swan; 1st Lieutenant, Robert B. Morse; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Moses S. Lord.
Co. D — Captain, Eric Forsee ; 1st Lieutenant, Eric Johnson; 2d Lieutenant, Eric
Berglend.
Co. E — Captain, Robert D. Adams ; 1st Lieutenant, Bradley D. Salter ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Albert L. 0ti3.
84-8 patriotism of Illinois.
Co. F — Captain, Frederick A. Battey j 1st Lieutenant, Joseph W. Hanis; 2d
Lieutenant, Joseph T. Cook.
Co. G — Captain, Hustav A. Bussc ; 1st Lieutenant, Fritz Bussc ; 2d Lieutenant,
Charles W. Rosenthal.
Co. II — Captain, Josiab Bobbins, Jr.; 1st Lieutenant, Nelson Flansbury ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George Welch.
Co. I — Captain, Benjamin II. Chadburn ; 1st Lieutenant, Theodore M. Dogctt ; 2d
Lieutenant, William S. Hendricks.
Co. K — Captain, Augustus C. Barry ; 1st Lieutenant, Harlan Page ; 2d Lieutenant,
William Brewer.
On the 8th of February, 18G2, the regiment broke camp and
embarked tor Cairo, and then on to Fort Henry, joining General
Grant's army before Fort Donelson, and fought, during the three
days1 battle, under General Lew. Wallace. The regiment, upon the
capitulation of Donelson, marched back to Fort Henry, and encamped
about one month. On the 6th of March it embarked for Crump's
Landing, where it remained for two weeks, and then, with the army,
marched against A. S. Johnston's forces, then entrenched at Shiloh.
The battles of Shiloh, or Pittsburg Landing, were fought on the
6th and 7th days of April, and in these the 57th participated, losing
187 officers and men killed, wounded and missing. After these
battles the 57th remained on the field till the army took up the line
of march on Corinth, and took part in that siege, and upon its
evacuation went into camp in the town, and remained there till Van
Dora's rebels came up and assaulted the works on the 3d and 4th of
October. The 57th, during these terrible days, stood the brunt of
the battle, hurling back the enemy at the point of the bayonet when-
ever he came up. Forty-two men of the regiment were either killed
or wounded in these engagements. In May, 1863, under General
G. M. Dodge, the 57th marched in pursuit of Forrest, who had been
committing depredations, and chased him, skirmishing with his rear
guard, up to the Tuscumbia Valley, when, the object of the expedi-
tion being accomplished, the army returned to Corinth, and remained
in garrison till the 4th of November, when the regiment marched to
Louisville, Tennessee, and went into garrison, remaining till the 17th
of January, when it re-enlisted for a further term of three years, and
on the next day started for Chicago, to spend its thirty days' leave
of absence, arriving on the 27th of January, 1864. While in Chicago
the regiment was reinforced by 250 new recruits. On the 9th of
March it quitted Chicago for the field, and reached Athens, Alabama,
THE FIFTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY 249
on the 15th, and was garrisoned there till the 1st of May, when it
joined Sherman's army, then marching to the reilef of Rosecrans'
beleaguered army at Chattanooga, moving to the right and rear of
Dalton, compelling its evacuation by the enemy, and then moved on
■with the Army of the Tennessee, commanded by the lamented
McPherson, participating in the battle at Rome Cross Roads, and
thence continued on to Rome, where it remained until about the mid-
dle of August. When Wheeler made his raid north toward Nash-
ville, the 57th followed him to the Muscle Shoals, where he escaped,
and then returned to its camp at Rome, and remained till the 2d of
October, when it marched to Georgia, and assisted in repulsing the
rebel French, who assaulted our works. The 57th lost in this fight
fourteen killed and wounded, and returned to Rome. On the 1 3th
of October it was engaged with the rear of Hood's army, which was
on the march north, driving the rebels in confusion seven miles,
losing seven men killed and wounded. On the 10th of November,
with the 3d Brigade, 4th Division of the 15th Army Corps, the 57th
took up the line of march from Rome for Atlanta, and from thence
marched in conjunction with Sherman's great army for the Atlantic
coast, arriving in front of Savannah on the 10th of December, skirm-
ishing with the enemy until the 21st, when the army marched in and
took formal possession of the city. On the 27th of January, the 4th
Division started north through the Carolinas with the 14th and 20th
Corps, and on the 19th, 20th and 21st days of February was engaged
with the enemy at Bentonville. On the 22d the regiment started
for Goldsboro, and was present at the capture of Joe Johnston's
army, which ended the rebellion. After Johnston's surrender the
57th marched north, first to Raleigh, thence through to Richmond
and Washington, and there participated in the grand review. From
Washington the regiment took cars for Parkersburg, and there
embarked on steamers, reaching Louisville on the 8th of June, 1865,
and encamped till the 7th of July, when it took formal leave of the
brave and glorious 15th Corps, and reached Chicago on the 10th of
July, where it was mustered out and discharged.
FIFTY-EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 58th regiment was organized at Camp Douglas, Chicago,
where nine companies were mustered into the service on the 24th
250 PATRIOTISM Of ILLINOIS.
ami 25th of December, 1851. The remaining company (11) was
not mustered in until February 7, 1802. The following ia the origi-
nal roster of the regiment :
Colotnl, William F. Lynch ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Isaac Rutishauscr ; Major, Thomaa
Newlan; Adjutant, Lewis H. Martin ; Quartermaster, George Sawin ; Surgeon,
Henry M. Crawford; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Emory A. Merrificld.
Co. A — Captain, Robert W. Heal; ; 1st Lieutenant, Eugene Lynch ; 2d Lieutenant,
Hiram M. Van Arm an.
Co. B — Captain, Thomas D. Griffin; 1st Lieutenant, Abraham Vandenburgh ; 2d
Lieutenant, John W. Babbitt.
Co. C — Captain, George W. Kittell; 1st Lieutenant, Sanford W. Smith ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Joseph G. Burt.
Co. D — Captain, Nicklaus Nieklaus ; 1st Lieutenant, George Glassner; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Gustav C. Kothe.
Co. E — Captain, Karl P. Rutishauser ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles Kittel; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Joseph Stauffer.
Co. F — Captain, Frederick Kurth ; 1st Lieutenant, Julius Kurth ; 2d Lieutenant,
Lewis W. Pfeif.
Co. G — Captain, James A. Bewley ; 1st Lieutenant, Loring P. Fuller; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Robert II. Winslow.
Co. II — Captain, Lawrence Collins; 1st Lieutenant, John C. Lonergan ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Danforth L. Scott.
Co. I — Captain, Philip R. Heelan ; 1st Lieutenant, David J. Lynch ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Job Moxom.
Co. K — Captain, Patrick Gregg; 1st Lieutenant, John Tobin ; 2d Lieutenant, John
W. Gregg.
The regiment left Chicago on the 11th of February, 1802, for
Cairo, where it was immediately transferred to the steamer Fanny
Bullitt, and proceeded to take part in the siege and capture of Fort
Donelson. After the victory at that point, it was marched to Fort
Henry, where it lay until March 6th, when it embarked for Crump's
Landing, seven miles below Pittsburg Landing. At the battle of
Shiloh, which soon followed, the greater portion of the regiment
were taken prisoners. The captured men were transferred to various
rebel prisons at Mobile, Cahawba, Selma, Montgomery and other
points in Alabama, and Macon, Griffin and Madison, in Georgia.
Here they suffered various vicissitudes of starvation, sickness and
all the untold horrors of a Southern prison pen. On the 29th of
May the privates and surgeons of the regiment were released on
parole, by order of General Beauregard, but General O. M. Mitchell,
commanding the Union forces, refused to receive them, and they
TOE UNION BRIGADE. 251
were returned to the rebel prisons. On the 17th of October, 1862,
the men were gathered in Libby Prison, at Richmond, where they
were paroled and sent to Annapolis, Maryland, the officers being
paroled two days previously. They left Annapolis in December, and
arrived at Camp Butler on the 23d of that month.
That portion of the regiment not captured at Shiloh was organ-
ized into what was known as the "Union Brigade," composed of the
remnants of the 58th Illinois and 8th, 12th and 44th Iowa, the 58th
forming three companies out of the ten in the brigade. The Union
Brigade participated in the siege of Corinth, and after the evacuation
of that place joined in the pursuit of the enemy as far as Jonesville,
Mississippi, returning to Corinth. At the battle of Iuka, one com-
pany of the 58th was engaged, losing 17 in wounded and prisoners.
The Brigade was also engaged in the battle of Corinth, October 3d
and 4th.
In December, 1862, the entire regiment was re-united at Camp
Butler, where it remained, re-organizing, recruiting and guarding
prisoners of war, until June 28, 1863, when it was ordered to Cairo.
It garrisoned Cairo, Mound City, Union City, Columbus and Padu-
cah until January 1, 1864, when it re-enlisted in the veteran service.
It was then ordered to Vicksburg, and joined in General Sherman's
Meridian raid, in which it was engaged in numerous skirmishes. It
next participated in the Red River expedition, under General A. J.
Smith. It was the first regiment to enter and plant its colors on
Fort De Russey. At the battle of Pleasant Hill, April 9th, it was
complimented with having made the charge which " changed the
tide of battle," and lost heavily. Returning from the Red River
expedition, it was engaged at Marksville Prairie, Cloutierville and
Yellow Bayou. At the latter place its loss was very heavy, nine
color bearers being shot in less than ten minutes — one of them, Fred,
Mink, being wounded in each arm before he would give up the colors
to another — and Colonel Lynch, commanding the brigade, being
severely wounded. The regiment reached Vicksburg on the 24th of
May, which it left for Columbia, Arkansas, on the 6th of June. At
Memphis, on the 10th of June, the veterans were furloughed, and
the non-veterans sent to Tupelo, Mississippi, at which place, on the
14th of July, and at Mill Springs, they met and whipped Forrest's guer-
252 PATRIOTISM OP n. uxors.
rillaa. The command then returned to Memphis, where the reterani
rejoined the regiment on the 6th of August. On the following day
it was sent out on the " Oxford raid," returning on the 80th, On
the 5th of September it began a campaign against Price in Misouri,
and finally reached Jefferson Barracks September 20th. October 2d
it Kft St. Louis, marching through Missouri to Kansas, returning on
the 18th of November, having had a very hard inarch, with a poorly
supplied' commissary. On the 1st of December it arrived at Nash-
ville, Tennessee, and on the 15th and 16th was engaged in the bat-
tles at that place, and on the 17th joined in the pursuit of the
retreating army of Hood, following them as far as Eastport, Missis-
sippi. The term of the original organization expiring on the 6th of
February, 1865, the non-veterans were ordered home on the 31st of
January, and the veterans and recruits, numbering about 390, were
consolidated into four companies and known as the "Battalion 58th
Illinois Infantry," Major K. W. Healy being retained in command.
The battalion left Eastport on the 9th of February for New Orleans,
and in March joined General Canby's army in the operations against
Mobile. It took part in the investment of Fort Blakeley from April
3d to the 9th. On the latter day it was in the front line when the
charge was made which resulted in the capture of the fort. While
at Mobile it was joined by one new company, and subsequently by
five others, raising it to a full regiment. On the 27th of April it
reached Montgomery, Alabama, where, in July, it received from the
81st and 114th Illinois the men not entitled to be mustered out with
those regiments. It remained at Montgomery, doing garrison duty,
until April 1, 1866, when it was mustered out. It was then sent to
Camp Butler, Springfield, where it received payment and final dis-
charge, after having been in the service over four years and a half.
Its record during this time is one which will ever redound to the
credit of the brave men of the 58th.
General William F. Lynch was born in Rochester, New York,
March 12, 1839, of Irish parents, and moved to Cuba, Alleghany
County, New York, where he lived four years. He came from there
to Elgin, Illinois, which place he has since made his home. His
father, who was a merchant, liberally educated his family, of whom
William was educated at the University of Notre Dame, South Bend,
GENERAL WM. F. LYNCH. 253
I
Indiana. He first enlisted from Notre Dame on the 19th of April,
1861, and raised a company from among the students, which was the
first company tendered to Governor Morton. Owing to the oppo-
sition of the parents of the students and the members of the Faculty,
the company was broken up, and General Lynch went from South
Bend as a private. The company in which he went was not received,
and he returned to Elgin, and there joined the 23d Illinois ( Irish
Brigade), in which he served as Sergeant-Major till September 1,
1861. He was then authorized to raise the 58th Illinois, of which
regiment he served as Colonel for nearly four years. General Lynch
was wounded at Shiloh, and captured on the evening of Sunday,
April 6th, and held a prisoner about seven months. After being
exchanged he was placed in command of Camp Butler, Springfield,
Illinois. He was also post-commander at Cairo, Illinois, during the
summer and fall of 1863. He was with General Sherman on the
Meridian trip, and commanded the 1st Brigade of General A. J.
Smith's old division, as also during the Red River campaign. At
Yellow Bayou he received a wound which crippled him for life.
General Lynch was brevetted for gallant service in the field. At
the time he was appointed Colonel of the 58th he was but 22 years
of age — then the youngest Colonel in the servicee. He was wounded
seven times while in the service, and has since made himself promi-
nent as a Fenian leader, holding a commission as Major-General in
the Fenian " forces."
FIFTY-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 59th regiment was organized at St. Louis on the 18th of Sep-
tember, 1861, as the 9th Missouri Volunteers. The men had pre-
viously been mustered into the United States service by companies,
recruited and organized in Illinois. The following is the original
regimental staff:
Colonel, John C. Kelton, Captain United States Army, and 1st Assistant- Adjutant
General on General Fremont's staff; Lieutenant-Colonel, Calvin H. Frederick, St.
Louis ; Major, D. C. McGibbon, St. Louis ; Adjutant, P. Sidney Post, Galesburg,
Illinois ; Surgeon, J. D. S. Hazlett, St. Louis ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, H. J. Maynard,
Illinois ; Quartermaster, Frederick Brasher, St. Louis.
The various companies, previous to the organization of the regi-
ment, were employed on guard and picket duty, building fortifi-
254- PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
cations, &c, at Cape Girardeau and St. Louis. On tlio 22.1 of Sep-
tember the regiment embarked for Jefferson City, and was from that
time engaged in active campaigning in Missouri till March 7th :m<l
8th, 1862, when it took part in the battle of Pea Ridge [Vol. I., p.
222 ], where it fought bravely and successfully. On the I2th of
February, while on the Missouri campaign, the designation of the
regiment was changed from the 9th Missouri to the /3 0 1 1 1 Illinois
Volunteers. The campaigning in Missouri was continued till May
22d, when the regiment arrived at Cape Girardeau, and immediately
proceeded to Hamburg Landing, Tennessee, and took part in the
siege of Corinth. It then pursued the enemy as far as Booneville,
returning to camp at Clear Creek, near Corinth. August Gth it had
a skirmish with the enemy at Big Springs, Mississippi, driving them
from the town, and disabling a large cotton mill and capturing 200
bales of cotton. It arrived at Iuka on the 8th, and from here six
companies of the 59th and detachments from the 3d Michigan cav-
alry and 7th Kansas cavalry, under Colonel Post, made a raid into
Alabama and captured 190 bales of cotton. The regiment made
various marches until it arrived at Murfrcesboro, September 1st, and
there joined General BueH's army. It accompanied Buell in his
disastrous retreat to Louisville, where it remained till October 1st.
It bore a gallant part in the battle of Pcrryville, October 7th and
8th, losing 113 in killed, wounded, &c, out of 361 men it took into
action. It then pursued the enemy to Crab Orchard, and from thence
marched to Nashville, where it arrived on the 7th of November,
going into camp at Edgefield, eight miles from Nashville. On the
25th of December it started upon the Stone River campaign, taking
part in the engagements at Franklin, Nolensville, Knob Gap, Mur-
freesboro and Liberty Gap. From July 3 to August 16, 1863, it was
stationed at Winchester, Tennessee. It next marched to Chatta-
nooga, where it arrived September 22d. During the siege of this
point, from September 22d till October 25th, it was continually under
fire. It was among the foremost at the glorious charges upon Look-
cut Mountain and Mission Ridge, following the enemy to Ringgold,
where it again attacked and defeated them. On the 1st of Decem-
ber it was engaged in burying the dead upon the battle field of Chicka-
mauga. On the 12th of January, 1864, it was mustered in as a
THE FIFTY-NINTH INFANTKY. 255
veteran regiment, and on the 6th of February left Chattanooga for
Springfield, where it arrived on the 10th. On the 19th of March
the regiment again left Springfield for Chattanooga and Cleveland,
Tennessee. On the 3d of May the Atlanta campaign was begun,
and the 5 9th bore its full share therein. It took part in the fights at
Tunnel Ilill, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Kingston, Dallas, Pine
Top Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, Marietta, Atlanta, Rough and
Ready and Lovejoy Station. September 6th it encamped at Atlanta,
remaining till October 2d. On the 3d the 59th started in pursuit of
Hood's army, to Nashville, participating in the battles of Spring
Hill and Franklin. It bore a conspicuous and honorable part in the
battle of Nashville, leading in the assault upon Overten's Hill. It
then followed the enemy to the Tennessee River, camping at Hunts-
ville, Alabama, January 3, 1865. On the 31st it again went to Nash-
ville, returning to Huntsville on the 7th of February. March 15th
it went to Strawberry Plains, and thence to Greenville. From here
it made an expedition to Warm Springs, North Carolina, leaving on
the 6th and returning on the 10th of April, returning to Nashville
April 23d. On the 16th of June it went to New Orleans, and thence
to Indianola, Texas. It was stationed at New Braunfels, Texas, till
December 8, 1865, when it was mustered out of the service, and on
the following day started for home, arriving at Springfield on the 6th
of January, 1866, where it was paid off and discharged. During its
term of service the 59th wras never stationed in the rear on garrison
or other duty, but was constantly in the front. During this time it
marched 13,339 miles, and has inscribed on its colors, by order of
the War Department, the names of nineteen battles in which it bore
a victorious and meritorious part.
The following is the original roster of the 59th after it had been
designated as an Illinois regiment :
Colonel, P. Sidney Post; Lieutenant-Colonel, Charles H. Frederick; Major, Joshua
C. Winters ; Adjutant, Samuel West ; Quartermaster, Frederick Brasher ; 1st Assist-
ant Surgeon, Charles Bunce.
Co. A — Captain, Clayton Hale; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel M. Jones; 2d Lieutenant,
P. Sidney Post.
Co. B — Captain, Hcndrick E. Payne ; 1st Lieutenant, John H. Johnson; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Andrew It. Johnson.
Co. C — Captain, Barzillai M. Veatch ; 1st Lieutenant, Daniel W. Henderson ; 2d
Lieutenant, Heslip Phillips.
256 PATRIOTISM Of ii.i.in'OIS.
Co. D — Captnin, Orlando \V. Fra/.ier ; 1st Lieutenant, Emanuel Mennei ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Charley A. Moasmana.
Co, K — Captain, James M. BtOOkey; 1st Lieutenant, James II. Knight; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Robert Gooding.
Co. F — Captain, George E. Curric ; 1st Lieutenant, Reuben Maddox ; 2d Lieu-
tenant. Henry C. Bonham.
Co G— Captain, Joseph S. Hackney; 1st Lieutenant, Horace W. Starkcy ; 2d
Lieutenant, Thomas B. Johnson.
Co. H — Captain, Albert Anthony; 1st Lieutenant, Hamilton W. Hall ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Henry W. Wiley.
Co. I — Captain, Charle9 F. Adams; 1st Lieutenant, James A. Beach; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Charles C. Doolittle.
Co. K — Captain, Henry N. Snyder ; 1st Lieutenant, John M. Van Osdel.
SIXTIETH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
On page 409 of the first volume of this work we have given the
original roster of this regiment, and the history of its achievements
up to the date of its march with Sherman to the relief of Knoxville.
On the 26th of December, 1863, it went into winter quarters atRoss-
ville, Georgia. On the 22d of February, 1864, it was mustered into
the service as a veteran regiment. On the 26th it took part in the
battle of Buzzard Roost, and on the 6th of March was sent home on
veteran furlough. On the 18th of April it was again on the way to
the front, arriving at Rossville on the 26th. It at once joined in the
Atlanta campaign, taking an honorable part in the battles of Ring-
gold, Dalton, Resaca, Rome, Dallas, New Hope Church, Kenesaw
Mountain, Nickojack, Peach Tree Creek, Jonesboro and Atlanta.
It remained at Atlanta until the 29th of September, when it went to
Florence, Alabama, where, on the 5th of October, it had a sharp
skirmish with the enemy, and drove them across the river. On the
10th of October it returned to Chattanooga, and soon after joined
in the grand march to the sea. It took part in the Carolina cam-
paign, after which it marched to Washington and was present at the
grand review before the President. From here it was sent to Louis-
ville, Kentucky, where it was mustered out on the 31st of July, 1865.
On the 2d of August it arrived at Springfield, where it was paid off
and discharged.
SIXTY-THIRD ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 63d regiment was organized at Camp Dubois, Anna, and
mustered into the service on the 10th of April, 1862. The following
is the original roster :
THE SIXTY-THIKD INFANTRY. 257
Colonel, Francis Mora ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Joseph B. McCown ; Major, Henry
Glaze ; Adjutant, Charlie S. Chambers ; Quartermaster, John M. Maris ; Surgeon,
William M. Gray ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Lyman Hall ; 2d Assistant Surgeon, Alex-
ander A. Lodge ; Chaplain, Stephen Blair.
Co. A — Captain, Richard McClure ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles E. Cartwright ; 2d
Lieuteuant, Victor E. Phillips.
Co. B — Captain, George J. Johns ; 1st Lieutenant, John C. Grayscn ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Arnot L. McCoy.
Co. C — Captain, William M. Boughan; 1st Lieutenant, Alfred Laws; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Jacob Lewis.
Co. D — Captain, John W. Champion ; 1st Lieutenant, James Isaminger ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Benjamin M. Tabler.
Co. E — Captain, Henry Gilbert ; 1st Lieutenant, Hiram H. Walser ; 2d Lieuten-
ant William C. Keen.
Co. F — Captain, Joseph Lemon ; 1st Lieutenant, Alfred Davis; 2d Lieutenant,
James M. Hunter.
Co. G — Captain, Joseph R. Stanford; 1st Lieutenant, Westford B.Russell; 2d
Lieutenant, William P. Richardson.
Co. H — Captain, Sylvester G. Parker; 1st Lieutenant, John M. Davis; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James Houselman.
Co. I — Captain, John B Craig ; 1st Lieutenant, George F. Glossbrenner ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Joseph H. C. Dill.
Co. K — Captain, James H. Briggs ; 1st Lieutenant, Andrew A. Ricketts ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William Leamon.
The regiment left Camp Dubois on the 28th of April for Cairo.
July 12th it was ordered to Henderson, Kentucky, to defend that
place against a guerrilla attack. On the 22d it returned to Cairo,
and remained there until August 4th, when it was ordered to Jack-
son. It then joined in the Yocna expedition, which forced the rebels
to Grenada, Mississippi. The surrender of Holly Springs, by cutting
off communications and supplies, forced the abandonment of the
expedition, and the 63d returned to Memphis, reaching there January
20, 1863. On the 10th of May it was ordered to Vicksburg. On
the 21st it crossed the Mississippi at Warrenton, and "closed the
last link in the investment of the city, by silencing the guns of two
forts on the extreme left," on the 24th. It took part in the destruc-
tion of Richmond, Louisiana, and other movements connected with
the siege and capture of Vicksburg, and on the 5th marched into the
city. On the 12th of September it arrived at Helena, Arkansas, and
on the 28th was ordered to Memphis. October 6th it left Memphis
for Chattanooga, arriving there on the 20th of November. It took
part in the battles at Mission Ridge on the 23d and 24th, and joined
17
258 PATBIOTISM OF n.i.iN'ois.
in the pursuit of Bragg's forces to Ringgold. On the 26th of
■nil. i- it arrived at Hunts ville, Alabama, where it went into
winter quarters. On the 1st of January, L864, the regimenl re-en-
listed in the yeteran service, and <>n the 10th of April arrived at
Centralia, Illinois, where it received veteran furlough. On the 21st
of May il reported at Huntsville, Alabama, and on the 23d was
ordered to Triune. On the 30th of June it arrived al Kingston,
Georgia, where it was stationed to guard the line of railroad. It
continued here until November 11th, when it was ordered to join
General Sherman at Atlanta. On the 15th it left Atlanta on (he
march to the seashore. After the capture of Savannah, it partici-
pated in the Carolina campaign, and was in all its battles and skirm-
ishes. At Columbia, South Carolina, it lost one officer and five men
by the explosion of an arsenal. On the 24th of May, 1865, it took
part in the grand review at Washington, and on the 3d of June
started for Louisville. Here it was mustered out of the service on
the 13tb of July, and on the 16th arrived at Camp Butler, where it
was paid off and discharged. During its term of service the 63d
traveled 6,453 miles, of which 2,250 miles was on foot.
SIXTY-FOURTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
Recruiting for the 64th Illinois Infantry was commenced in Sep-
tember, 1861, under authority to raise a battalion of four companies
of riflemen. By the 31st of December, however, six companies had
been raised, and on that day the battalion Avas mustered into the
service, taking the title of " Yates Sharpshooter?." The following
is the original roster:
Lieutenant-Colonel, David E.Williams; Major, Fred. W. Matte son ; Adjutant,
Aaron E. May; Quartermaster, A. T. Cameron; Surgeon, J. T. Stewart; Chaplain,
Charles Cain.
Co. A — Captain, John Morrill ; 1st Lieutenant, James C. Cameron; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Charles J. Conger.
Co. B — Captain, George W. Stipp ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel B. Thompson ; 2d
Lieutenant, Robert R. Gibbons.
Co. C — Captain, C. B. Keasey; 1st Lieutenant, George E. Doran ; 2d Lieutenant,
George A. Caine.
Co. D — Captain, J. W. Stewart ; 1st Lieutenant, Wm. N. Stewart ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, George \V. Reid.
THE SIXTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 259
Co. E — Captain, D. G. Grover ; 1st Lieutenant, M. W. Manning ; 2d Lieutenant,
E. H. Moore.
Co. F — Captain, 0. H. Payne; 1st Lieutenant, J. W. Baker; 2d Lieutenant, J. S.
Reynolds.
The battalion left Camp Butler January 8, 1862, for Quincy, where
it remained until February 4th, when it went to Cairo. On the 13th
of March, with General Pope's command, it arrived before New
Madrid, Missouri, in the reduction of which place it took an active
part. [Vol. I., p. 216.] The 64th then joined the forces moving
southward, and on the 3d of May had a severe skirmish with the
rebels at Chambers' Creek. On the 8th it again met the enemy at
the battle of Farmington, and on the 30th was among the first to
enter Corinth. It also participated in the battle of Iuka on the 19th
of September, in which it lost heavily. [Vol. I., pp. 284-295.] From
this date the battalion was engaged in various duties, with occasional
skirmishes, until December 31, 1863, when it re-enlisted for another
three years' service. On the 22d of January, 1864, the battalion
arrived at Chicago, where it was given thirty days' furlough. A
month later, the men rendezvoused at Ottawa, where a sufficient
number of recruits were obtained to fill the six companies to the
maximum. At this time Captain Manning brought to the battalion
four new companies, making a full regiment, which was mustered in
as the 64th Illinois Infantry, with the following roster :
Colonel, John Morrill ; Lieutenant-Colonel, M. W. Manning ; Major, S. T. Thomson ;
Adjutant, Wm. H. Hinckley; Quartermaster, L. S. Ames; Surgeon, J. T. Stewart;
1st Assistant Surgeon, W. D. Plummer ; 2d Assistant Surgeon, H. A. Mix ; Chaplain,
Alphonso D. Wyckoff.
Co. A — Captain, Charles I. Conger ; 1st Lieutenant, Frank Smith ; 2d Lieutenant,
D. M. Moore.
Co. B — Captain, R. R. Gibbons ; 1st Lieutenant, George W. Bell ; 2d Lieutenant,
George W. Robinson.
Co. C — Captain, T. C. Fullerton ; 1st Lieutenant, James H. Yates ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Thomas Horner.
Co. D — Captain, George W. Reid ; 1st Lieutenant, Duncan M. Reid ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Darius N. Myers.
Co. E — Captain, Ed. H. Moore ; 1st Lieutenant, George Bargus ; 2d Lieutenant,
John Baker.
Co. F — Ccptain, Joseph S. Reynolds; 1st Lieutenant, Ward Knickerbocker; 2d
Lieutenant, "Wm. W. Zuel.
Co. G — Captain, H. Logan ; 1st Lieutenant, Benjamin Snyder ; 2d Lieutenant,
Hanson H. Crews. '
200 PATRIOTISM of ILLINOIS.
Co. II — Captain, Henry J. Stoner; 1st Lieutenant, Robert S. Rives ; 2d Lieutcn-
int, Peter Bogardua.
Co. I — Captain, John .1. Long ; 1st Lieutenant, Ambrose II. Brown ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Julius \V Brown.
Co. K — Captain, Charles Case ; 1st Lieutenant, Ilarley Kingsbury ; 2d Lieutenant,
Howland Meeker.
On Iho 15th of March, 1SG4, the regiment left Ottawa for the front,
arriving at Decatur, Alabama, on the 23d. Leaving this place to
join in the movement upon Atlanta, it reached Resaca on the 9th of
May, where for five days it held the front line. It next met the
enemy at Dallas. In the grand charge on Kenesaw Mountain the
regiment bore a conspicuous and honorable part, and for twelve
hours lay on the ground under the very muzzles of the enemy's
guns, finally planting its regimental flag on the rebel works. From
this time until the fall of Atlanta the regiment was actively
engaged. Soon after that event it took part in the pursuit of
the rebels under Hood, after which it joined in the grand march
to the sea, bearing its full share of the privations of that campaign
and the one immediately succeeding it, in the Carolinas. After
taking part in the national review at Washington, it was ordered to
Louisville, Kentucky, where, on the 11th of July, 1865, it was mus-
tered out of the service, and on the ISth received final payment and
discharge at Chicago. The following is the roster of the 64th Illinois
at the time of its final discharge :
Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General, John Morrill ; Lieutenant-Colonel and Bre-
vet Brigadier-General, Joseph S.Reynolds; Adjutant, Robert Russell; Quarter-
master, Edwin G. Lewis; Surgeon, Henry A. Mix; Assistant Surgeon, Otto E.
Roesch ; Chaplain, Alplionso D. Wyckoff
Co. A- — Captain, Robert M. Woods ; 1st Lieutenant, John Bunker ; 2d Lieutenant,
Theodore Gaylord.
Co. B — Captain, John L. Hack; 1st Lieutenant, Isaac Hindman ; 2d Lieutenant,
Edward Forward.
Co. C — Captain, William W. Zuel ; 1st Lieutenant, Isaac W. Seaman.
Co. D — Captain, Darius N. Myers ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry Miller; 2d Lieutenant,
J. B. J. S. Evans.
Co. E — Captain and Brevet Major, Ed. H. Moore ; 1st Lieutenant, Patrick Feely.
Co. F — Captain, Hanson H. Crews ; 1st Lieutenant, Rufus T. Sparks ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Francis M. Frank.
Co. G — Captain, Henry Logan ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph H. Bishop; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John Berow.
Co. H — Captain, L. S. Ames; 1st Lieutenant, Oliver H. Abbott.
Co. I — Captain, John J. Long; 1st Lieutenant, Julius W. Brown.
Co. K — Captain, Charles Case ; 1st Lieutenant, Howland Meeker.
THE SIXTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. 261
Brevet Brigadier-General Joseph S. Reynolds was born at New
Lenox, Will County, Illinois, February 3, 1839, where his parents
still reside. At the age of sixteen young Reynolds came to Chicago,
and attended the Scammon school, where he was awarded the high-
est prize — the Foster medal. He graduated in the High School in
1861. In the fall of that year he entered the 04th Illinois as 2d
Lieutenant. By successive steps he rose to the rank of Lieutenant-
Colonel. Soon after the discharge of his regiment from the service,
Colonel Reynolds was, on the recommendation of his superior officers,
commissioned as Brigadier-General of Volunteers by brevet — a com-
pliment he richly deserved.
Major Fred. W. Matteson, who died in the battalion hospital at
Clear Creek, Mississippi, August 8, 1862, was a son of Ex- Gover-
nor J. A. Matteson, and a young man of superior ability and educa-
tion. Graduating at Yale College, he spent a year in a military
school in Vermont, and then went to Germany to complete his mili-
tary education. Returning to his native land, he at once entered
the service ; but at the end of six months, worn out with the toils of
war, he laid down his life for the flag he had so bravely defended.
SIXTY-FIFTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
In our first volume [p. 585 ] we have given the original roster of
the " Scotch Regiment," and a brief resumh of its history to the time
of its re-enlistment in the veteran service. At the expiration of its
veteran furlough, the 65th rejoined Sherman's grand Army of the
West, twenty-five miles below Kingston, Georgia. It was in the
Atlanta campaign, participating in the battles of Kenesaw Mountain,
Rough and Ready, Atlanta, Jonesboro, &c. It then went into camp
at Decatur, and on the 5th of October broke camp and started in
pursuit of Hood, who was operating on our rear against the line of
supplies. The pursuit was changed to a retreat, in which the whole
army joined. At Columbia, Tennessee, November 25th and 26th,
the 65th had a sharp skirmish with the rebels, suffering severely.
The tables were turned again at Franklin, where Hood received a
check, which culminated at Nashville in his disastrous defeat. In
these battles the 65th bore a most gallant part, and after the victory
pursued the rebels to Clifton. On the 15th of January, 1865, the
PATRIOTISM OF [LLIHOI8.
66th was Bent, via Cinoinnati, Washington and Annapolis, to Wil-
mington, North Carolina, arriving there on the Ttli of February.
1!' • it did excellent service until the city fell, on the 22d, wken it
wcni Into oamp until March 6th. < )n tin- Tt h it marched to Kingston,
where tin- oon-veterana w ere detached and sent home for muster out.
Tie regimenl wras then ordered \>> Goldsboro, and thence marched
R ileigh, where Sherman received the surrender of the rebel armies,
[t then went to Greensboro, into permanenl camp. Here, in .May,
it received four companies of recruits, and in the latter part of June
.cil tour officers and 260 men from the 92d Illinois, two officers
ami 120 men from the 112th, and 25 men from the 107th. This filled
its ranks to the maximum strength. On the 13th of July it was
mustered out at Greensboro, and at once started for home. On tho
24th it was paid off and discharged at Chicago.
THREE MONTHS' REGIMENTS OF 1862.
To preserve the uniformity of the record, mention should be made
at this point of the enlistment of the three months' regiments of
1862. At a lime of threatening peril, Governor Fates received a
telegram from Mr. Stanton, bearing date .May 25th, stating that the
enemy was marching upon the National Capital in great force, and
asking him to send forward without delay all the military force at
his disposal, United States Volunteers and militia. On the 27th the
call was revoked, but under it the three months' regiments below
mentioned were organized and in cam]) in two weeks. The alacrity
and enthusiasm were marvelous. With the exception of the 1 1st
they remained on" guard duty in the State, and did good service by
releasing veteran troops for the field.
SIXTY-SEVENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 07th regiment was organized at Camp Douglas, Chicago,
June 13, 1862, where it remained during its term of service. The
following is its roster :
Colonel, Rosell M. Hough ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Eugene H. Oakley ; Major, Wm.
E.Haskell; Adjutant, Daniel T. nale ; Quartermaster, Isaac N. Buck ; Surgeon,
Brock McVicker; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Roscoe L. Hall; Chaplain, William H.
Ryder.
THE THREE MONTHS ' REGIMENTS OF 1862. 263
Co. A — Captain, Charles B. Hull ; 1st Lieutenant, King H. Milliken ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Judson Ellison.
Co. B— Captain, John F. Scanlon; 1st Lieutenant, Peter Caldwell; 2d Lieuten-
ant, David F. Maloney.
Co. C — Captain, Hiram R. Enoch ; 1st Lieutenant, James B. Kerr ; 2d Lieutenant,
Joseph S. Berry.
Co. D — Captain, Judson W. Read; 1st Lieutenant, Frederick W. Cole; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William Sharp.
Co. E — Captain, Charles A. Heilig ; 1st Lieutenant, James A. Sexton ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Charles H. Vogel.
Co. F — Captain, William H. Frites ; 1st Lieutenant, Abram D. Van Veckten; 2d
Lieutenant, Horace E. Dyer.
Co G — Captain, Charles K. Purple ; 1st Lieutenant, Jeremiah Dockstater; 2d
Lieutenant, Edward K. Valentine.
Co. H — Captain, James W. Crane ; 1st Lieutenant, Stephen Allen ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Alonzo Hilliard.
Co. I — Captain, Ruel G. Rounds ; 1st Lieutenant, Kelsey Bond ; 2d Lieutenant,
John Murphy.
Co. K — Captain, S. W. McKown ; 1st Lieutenant, Edward Bailey; 2d Lieutenant,
James Wright.
SIXTY-EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY. '.
The 68th regiment was organized at Camp Butler, June 20, 1862,
where it spent its term of service. The following is its roster:
Colonel, Elias Stuart ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Houston L. Taylor ; Major, George W.
Lackey ; Adjutant, John S. Bishop ; Quartermaster, Samuel F. True ; Surgeon,
Albert H. Lanphier.
Co. A — Captain, John W. King; 1st Lieutenant, William H. Harrison; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Martin V. B. Parker.
Co. B — Captain, Daniel F. Coffey ; 1st Lieutenant, Judson J. C. Gillespie ; 2d
Lieutenant, William Reynolds.
Co. C — Captain, John P. St John ; 1st Lieutenant, Elsey Blake ; 2d Lieutenant,
Green B. Davis.
Co. D — Captain, John C. Hall ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas K. Jenkins ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Hugh B. McKnight
Co. E — Captain, Henry Davey; 1st Lieutenant, George H. Whiteman ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Isaac N. Coltrin.
Co. F — Captain, John W. Morris; 1st Lieutenant, John R. Larrimore ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Lewis Ijamis.
Co. G — Captain, James P. Moore ; 1st Lieutenant, Harvey C. DeMotte ; 2d Lien-
tenant, John II. Stout.
Co. H — Captain, Leroy T. Brown ; 1st Lieutenant, John W. Hamilton; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Adam H. Bogardus.
Co. I — Captain, John W. Bear; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel B. Crisky; 2d Lieuten-
ant, S. Wheaton West.
20-i r.\i EtIOTISU OF ILLINOIS.
'. Captain, Edward J. Jones; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas L. Masters; 2d Lieu-
tenant. Biram L Dunn.
SIXTY-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The O'.'tli regiment was organized at Camp Douglas, Chicago, and
mustered into the Bervice on June 14, 1862, with the following
roster :
Col' b II. Tucker; Lieutenant-Colonel, Tliomas J. Pickett ; Major, George
P.Smith; Adjutant, Abram H. Van Buren; Quartermaster, Charles W. Cringle ;
on, Isaiah P. Lynn; Assistant Surgeon, Azro E. Goodwin ; Chaplain, William
W. Everts.
Co. A — Captain, Abram Lash, Jr. ; 1st Lieutenant, David Robinson Jr. ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Edward R. Virden.
Co. B — Captain, Jonathan Kimball; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel II. Hunter; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Thomas W. Tefft.
Co. C — Captain, Lansing B. Tucker; 1st Lieutenant, James 0. McClellan ; 2d
Lieutenant, John S. Mabie.
Co. D — Captain, Frank J. Bush; 1st Lieutenant, Warficld B. Todd ; 2d Lieuten-
anftRobert Irwin.
Co. E — Captain, Tidel Schlund ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles Vargcs ; 2d Lieutenant,
August W. WUlige.
Co. F — Captain, Fra/.cr Wilson; 1st Lieutenant, Ezra M. Beardslcy ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, George Schemcrhorn.
Co. G — Captain, Joseph A. Vincent ; 1st Lieutenant, E. S. Scribner; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John Herbert.
Co. U — Captain, James W. Rearden; 1st Lieutenant, Eli B. Baker; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Edwin F. Bennett.
Co. I — Captain, William C. Hale; 1st Lieutenant, Charles L. Peny; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Alvah R. Jordan.
Co. K — Captain, John Coakley ; 1st Lieutenant, William H. Tousley ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Isaac H. Allen.
SEVENTIETH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 70th regiment was organized and mustered into the service
at Camp Butler, July 4, 1862, with the following roster :
Colonel, Owen T. Reeves; Lieutenant-Colonel, John D. Sage; Major, Joseph H.
Scibird ; Adjutant, James B. Breese ; Quartermaster, John B. Burrows ; Assistant
Surgeon, Madison Recce ; Chaplain, William C. Lacy.
Co. A — Captain, Gilbert Summe ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel E. Wishhard; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Benjamin Hove.
Co. B — Captain, William Perce ; 1st Lieutenant, Benjamin G. Bills; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John S. Clark.
THE SEVENTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 265
Co. C — Captain, John T. Maddux ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas G. Black ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James G. Seward.
Co. D — Captain, George W. Fox ; 1st Lieutenant, Isaac P. Wilson ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William M. Lewis.
Co. E — Captain, Daniel D. Snyder ; 1st Lieutenant, William H. Hinman ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George Dempsey.
Co. F — Captain, Alfred Comings ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles P. Fleshbein ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William J. Allen.
Co. G — Captain, Newton Harlan; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph Beyles; 2d Lieutenant,
Daniel 0. Martin.
Co. H — Captain, James 0. Donald ; 1st Lieutenant, John A. Robinson; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Albert Braxton.
Co. I — Captain, James Hudson; 1st Lieutenant, George Wilderboor; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William T. Hudson.
Co. K — Captain, George R. Brumlay ; 1st Lieutenant, Robert W. Musgrave ; 2d
Lieutenant, Henry A. Club.
SEVENTY-FIRST ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The Vlst regiment was organized and mustered into the service at
Camp Douglas, Chicago, July 26, 1862, with the following roster:
Colonel, Othniel Gilbert; Lieutenant-Colonel, James 0. P. Burnside ; Major,
DeWitt C. Marshall ; Adjutant, Henry G. Hicks; Quartermaster, James H. Moore;
Chaplain, William C. Mason.
Co. A — Captain, Jerome B. Fuller ; 1st Lieutenant, Edward Lafferty ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Charles C. Jamison.
Co. B — Captain, Luther W. Black; 1st Lieutenant, George W. Snyder; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Emanuel Stover.
Co. C — Captain, Charles A. Summers ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles E. Hartman ; 2d
Lieutenant, Solomon N. Nebleck.
Co. D — Captain, Horatio G. Coykcndall ; 1st Lieutenant, James L. Smedley ; 2d
Lieutenant, Charles C. Huntley.
Co. E — Captain, Charles Parker; 1st Lieutenant, Aaron S. Hadley ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William D. Lattimer.
Co. F — Captain, Pliny L. Fox ; 1st Lieutenant, Benjamin H. Towner; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James N. Phillips.
Co. G — Captain, William H. Weaver; 1st Lieutenant, James C. Tice ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Thomas B. Collins.
Co. H — Captain, Theodore M. Brown ; 1st Lieutenant, James W. Heffington ; 2d
Lieutenant, George W. Pittman.
Co. I — Captain, Jesse P. M. Howard ; 1st Lieutenant, David P. Murphy ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John M. Loy.
Co. K — Captain, James Creed; 1st Lieutenant, Flavius J. Carpenter; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Absalom A. Lasater.
CHAPTER XVI.
FROM ATLANTA TO MILLEN.
Toward the Sea — Communications Citt — Impedimenta Removed — TnE Eagle's
Wings — Composition — General Orders for the Campaign — Soldierly and States-
manlike— Supplies — Sherman and the Atlanta Authorities — Atlanta Burnt —
" On to the Sea " — Astonishment at Sherman's Plan — Rerel Reading — English
Views — Northern Opinions — His Faith in Thomas — Four Columns — Advances —
Skismishss — Macon — Wolcott Wounded — Irwinton — Into Milledgeville — New
Legislature — Thanksgiving — Rebel Pronbnciamentoes — The Four Rivers — Gris-
WOLDSVILLE SaNDERSVILLE — KiLPATRlCK'S MARCH ON MlLLEN FALLS BaCK Is
Assaulted — Defence — Louisville — Ready to go South.
WE resume the march toward the sea. Thomas was entrusted
with holding Hood at Nashville until ready -to crush him, and
render his army no longer capable of mischief. Sherman was about
to cut all connections between his army and Washington, between
his men and their homes, between his Grand Army and the stores of
the Government ; his men were to march to the sea before they could
send or receive messages from their families, and henceforth their
living was to be drawn from the country they traversed. The loth
and 17th Army Corps were moved deliberately to the neighborhood
of Smyrna, Kilpatrick's cavalry and the 20th were at Atlanta, and
the 14th marched to Kingston, where Sherman arrived in person
November 2d. Here he put his army in light marching order— extra
baggage and artillery, the small army of refugees, the sick, wounded
— in short all impedimenta were sent to Chattanooga. On the 11th
Sherman sent his final dispatch to Halleck, and on the 12th his com-
mand was isolated. General Corse destroyed bridges, manufactories,
etc., at Rome; Steadman gathered the garrisons northward from
Kingston, and with the public property, rails and railway stock, back-
ward from Resaca, went into Chattanooga. The railway between
THE WINGS — ORDERS. 267
the Ostanaula and Etowah was not destroyed, as it seemed impor-
tant to leave it for General Thomas should he find it necessary to
occupy the country to the Etowah line.
Two huge wings were to envelop the rebellion. The right, under
Howard, composed of the 15th Corps, commanded by Osterhaus, and
the 1 7th under Blair ; the left was under Slocum, with the 14th under
Jeff. C. Davis, and the 20th commanded by General A. S. Williams.
In the 15th Army Corps were the divisions of Woods, Hazen, John E.
Smith and Corse. We meet in Hazen's command the scarred vete-
rans organized by Sherman at Paducah, and led by him at Shiloh,
and commanded afterward by David Stuart, Smith and Blair. The
17th Army Corps comprised the divisions of Mower, Leggett and
Giles A. Smith. The 14th Army Corps comprised the divisions of
Carlin, James D. Morgan and Baird. The 20th, to form which the
11th and 12th Army Corps of the Army of the Potomac had been
consolidated, consisted of the divisions of Jackson, Geary and Ward.
The aggregate of infantry was about 60,000. There was a division
of cavalry under Kilpatrick, 5,500 strong ; this was divided in two
brigades commanded by Colonel E. H. Murray of Kentucky, and
Colonel Smith D. Atkins of the famous 92d Illinois mounted Infan-
try. There was one field gun to each thousand men.
On the 14th the entire force was again grouped around the doomed
city of Atlanta.
On the 9th, while at Kingston, the Commander-in-Chief issued
the general orders for the great campaign. The first directed the
grand march to be, whenever practicable, by four roads as nearly
parallel as possible to converge under orders from head-quarters ;
the cavalry was to receive special orders from himself.
"III. There will be no general trains of supplies, but each corps will have its
ammunition and provision train distributed as follows: Behind each regiment should
follow one wagon and one ambulance ; behind each brigade should follow a due pro-
portion of ammunition wagons, provision wagons and ambulances. In case of danger
each army corps commander should change this order of march by having his advance
and rear brigades unencumbered by wheels. The separate columns will start habit-
ually at seven A. M., and make about fifteen miles a day, unless otherwise fixed in
orders.
"IV. The army will forage liberally on the country during the march. To this
end each brigade commander will organize a good andsufncent foraging party under
the command of one or more discreet officers, who will gather, near the route trav-
2 18 r \i MOT IBM OF II. I. IN'
eled, of any kind, vegetables, corn, meat, or what-
ever is needed by the command ; aiming, at all times, to keep in the wagon trains
at least ten days' provision for tbe < imand, and three days' forage. Boldiers must
nter the dwellings of the inhabitants, or commit any trespass: during the halt
or at camp they maj be permitted to gather turnij . and othei
and drive in stock in front of their camps. To regular foraging parties must !"•
entrusted th<' gathering of provisions and forage at any distance from the road
traveled
•• V. To army corps commanders is entrusted the pow p to de rtroy mill3, houses,
cotton-gins, etc, and for them this general principle is laid down: In districts and
neighborhoods where the armj is unmolested, no destruction of such property should
be permitted ; but should guerrillas or bushwhackers molest our march, or should the
inhabitants burn bridges, obstruct roads, or otherwise manifest local hostility, then
army corps commanders should order and en force a devastation more or less relent-
less, according to the measure of such hostility.
" VI. As for horses, mules, wagons, etc., belonging to the inhabitants, the cavalry
and artillery may appropiiate fully and without limit, discriminating however,
between the rich, who aie usually hostile, and the poor or industrious, usually neu-
tral or friendly. Foraging parties may also take mules or horses to replace the
jaded animals of their trains, or to serve as pack-mules for regiments or brigades.
In all foraging of whatever kind, the parties engaged will refrain from abusive or
threatening language, and may, when the officer in command thinks proper, give
certificates of the facts, but no receipts; and they will endeavor to leave with each
family a reasonable portion for their maintenance.
" VII. Negroes who arc able bodied, and can be of service to the several columns,
may be taken along ; but each army commander will bear in mind that the question
of supplies is a very important one, and that his first duty is to see to those who
bear arms."
There were also orders to pioneer battalions to prepare roads,
crossings, etc., and requiring Captain O. M. Poe, Chief Engineer, to
assign each wing a pontoon train and require its protection.
These orders are the evidence alike of high military ability and
statesmanship. The army of the Union must march to the sea. The
enemy would not suffer uninterrupted communication with its base
of supplies .in the rear. Then the enemy's country should furnish
the supplies. It had abundance; its soil was rich ; its fields and
gardens were full ; its granaries freshly replenished, its barns pleth-
oric— Sherman would compel the country which made the war
support his army as well as that of Hood. All that was right. It was
politic to say that private property should be treated according to the
spirit of the owners. Houses, mills and cotton-gins might stand if
there was quiet submission ; if there was the contrary they should
light the pathway of the grand march — the residents might choose.
SHERMAN ON WAR. 269
There was partial immunity and complete personal safety to such as
acquiesced ; as for others their " treason was made odious," and they
must suffer. We had learned after a long discipline and a costly
pupilage, that war was something terribly and deadly earnest, and
that only when the interior South should feel its ravages could we
hope to bring it to an end.
This came out more fully in Sherman's correspondence with the
authorities of Atlanta. He ordered the city to be vacated by its
inhabitants, and an earnest protest was sent in by the Mayor and
conncilmen. He answered in a letter worthy of preservation among
the noted military documents of history. We can only give a few
"I give full credit to your statements of the distress that will be occasioned, and
yet shall not revoke my order, simply because my orders are not destined to meet
the humanities of the case, but to prepare for the future struggle in which millions,
yea hundreds of millions of good people outside of Atlanta have a deep interest.
We must have peace not only in Atlanta, but in all America. To secure this we
must stop the war that now desolates our once happy and favored country. To stop
the war we must defeat the rebel armies that are now arrayed against the laws and
constitution which all men must respect and obey.
*********
"War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it ; and those who brought war on our
country deserve all the curses and maledictions a people can pour out.
*********
" You might as well appeal against the thunder storm as against the terrible hard-
ships of war. They are inevitable, and the only way the people of Atlanta can hope
once more to live in peace and quiet at home is to stop this war, which can alone be
done by admitting that it began in error, and is perpetuated in pride. We don't
want your negroes, nor your horses, or your houses, or ycur land, or anything you
have ; but we do want and will have a just obedience to the laws of the United
States."
On the 15th of November, by his orders, Atlanta was wrapped in
a general conflagration, and in the glow of its flames commenced the
grand march
" From Atlanta to the sea."
The publication of Sherman's plan astonished the world. Rebel
journals expressed their pleasure, and assured the world that it was
what, above all things, they most desired. In the East Lee had
Grant just where he wanted him, and now Sherman, abandoning
L'TO PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
supplies and defences, was marohing his army Btraighl into their
power. An aroused people were to hang upon his flanks with fire
and sword; before him would go destruction, and instead of making
he would find destitution, while formidable combinations under great
military Leaders would confront and overwhelm his hunger-weakened
troops. In the lighl of his march, such is qo"w refreshing reading.
In Europe various opinions were expressed. The London Times
said, "Since the ureal Duke of Marlborough turned his back upon
the Dutch, and plunged heroically into Germany to fight the famous
battle of Blenhiem, military history lias recorded no stranger marvel
than the mysterious expedition of General Sherman on an unknown
route against an undiseoverahle enemy;" and a military journal of
England said, "lie has done either one of the most brilliant or one
of the most foolish things ever performed by a military leader."
At home, among loyal people, there was confidence mingled with
serious apprehension. Thoughtful men said he will find the bulk of
population largely made up of slaves, who will hail his coming as a
deliverer, and there will be little bushwhacking, for the whites will
not venture to provoke both an advancing army and a domestic force
strong enough to crush them. Many feared that he would find it
impossible to subsist his large force; others that he must fail in
reducing strongly fortified places, ami thai his only success wouldbe
that of a raid on a gigantic scale. Others trembled Lest Hood should
crush Thomas, and then turn upon Sherman while armies from the
coast should confront him, and secure his destruction. Sherman him-
self said, "If Thomas had not whipped Hood at Nashville, 600 miles
away, all my plans would have failed, and I would have been
denounced the world over, but I knew General Thomas, and the
troops under his command, and never for a moment doubled a favor-
able result."
The army moved in four columns, on two general lines, Sherman
being with Jeff. C. Davis' division. Howard with the right wing
moved from Whitehall on the 15th. His force was in two columns,
Osterhaus marching by Rough and Ready, and turning to the left
towrard McDonough, a short distance from Jonesboro, while Blair
marched to McDonough via the direct road. Kilpatrick was with
the right wing, and met the enemy's cavalry in force near East Point,
MARCHING — MACON. 271
and drove it to the crossing of Flint River, and Osterhaus met it
at one or two points. Howard marched on the 16th by three routes
to the vicinity of McDonough. At Cotton River Osterhaus barely
saved the bridge, fired by the retreating cavalry. Kilpatrick crossed
the Flint near Jonesboro at 7 A. M., and chased the foe to Lovejoy's,
where they had taken position in the old rebel works with two pieces
of artillery. Murray's brigade was dismounted, and carried the
works. Atkins pursued them, overtook them, made a brilliant charge
and captured their artillery.
On the 17th, the right wing, still in three columns, reached Jack-
son ; on the succeeding day the Ocmulgee was crossed ; on the 19th,
with much difficulty, the trains mounted a steep and slippery hill,
and it was not until the morning of the 20th the troops were all over
the river. On the 20th the force moved on Gordon in two columns,
Kilpatrick via the Clinton road and river road toward Macon ; Oster-
haus toward Clinton, and Blair by Blountsville. Kilpatrick waited
at Clinton until the infantry arrived, and advanced toward Macon ;
met the enemy on the left hand road four miles from the city, drove
them in, and charged their works though defended by artillery
strongly supported. He forced the head of the column into the
defences, but could not hold them. He struck the railway, destroyed
a mile of track and a train of cars. On the 21st he took an advanced
position covering all the roads leading from Macon. By the 22d the
entire right wing closed up near Gordon. A demonstration was
made toward Macon. The rebel cavalry made a dash and captured
a cavalry picket post, but after a spirited encounter was driven from
the ground in disorder. In the afternoon Wolcott's brigade met a
sharp attack from rebel infantry and artillery, but repulsed it ; Gene-
ral Wolcott being wounded. Howard ordered an advance forward
to secure Oconee bridge, and prepare it for. crossing. On the 23d
the entire wing was in or about Gordon, and Hazen's division of the
old 15th was marching on Irwinton, while Blair was wrecking the
Macon and Savannah Railway.
Slocum's command, the left wing of Sherman's grand army, left
Atlanta on the 13th and on the Decatur road, and encamped that
night near the Augusta railway, south of Stone Mountain. It moved
along the Augusta railway, destroying it as far as Madison. It then
272 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
moved south upon Milled jeville, the capita] of Georgia, which it
reached on the 21st and 22d. Governor Brown and his legislature
fled, forgetting the roU of Rolla, which the people had beenexh
t" play. The soldiers organized a legislature, and performed divers
acta of Legislation not precisely recognized by the Georgian Consti-
tution or usual under its peculiar institutions.
Davis' l i:h Army Corps moved from Altanta on the lGth, via
Decatur ami Covington. On the 18th it crossed STellow River on
pontoon bridges; on the 19th crossed the Ulcofauhatchee and
marched to Shady Dale ; on the 20th was at Eatonton Factories;
on the 23d it went into camp near Milledgeville.
After our boys had adjourned their Legislature they celebrated
thanksgiving day in the heart of the rebellion. They were merry,
and sang and shouted to their hearts1 content. Turkeys and chickens
were at every mess fire, and the exercises were enlivened by such
national songs as
"John Brown's body lies mouldering in the grave,"
and
" We'll rally round the flag, boys,"
while the army poets improvised stanzas adapted to the occasion.
The enemy was alarmed by the magnitude and celerity of these
movements, and made frantic appeals to the people to resist. Beau-
regard appears once more, as witness :
" Corinto, November 18th, )
" via Sklma, November 18th.)
" TO THE FEOrLE OF GEORGIA.
"Arise for the defence of your native soil! Patriotic Governor and gallant
soldiers. Obstruct and destroy all the roads in Sherman's front, flank and rear, and
his army will soon starve in your midst. Be confident ! Be resolute ! Trust in an
overruling Providence and success will soon crown your efforts. I hasten to join
you in defence of your homes.
"G. T. Beauregard."
Then spoke out the Georgia delegation in Congress as follows :
"Richmond, November 19th.
"TO THE PEOPLE OF GEORGIA.
"We have had a special conference with President Davis and the Secretary of
War, and are able to assure you that they have done and are still doing all that can
be done to meet the emergency that presses upon you. Let every man fly to arms.
EEBEL PKONUNCIAMENTOES. 273
Remove your negroes, horses, cattle and provisions from Sherman's army, and bura
what you cannot carry. Burn all bridges and block up the roads in his route. Assail
the invader in front, flank and rear, by night and day."
Safe advice given at the distance of Richmond, but not easy of
execution to the "People of Georgia." Senator B. H. Hill issued
his manifesto from Richmond also, addressed to the People of
Georgia.
"You have now the best opportunity ever presented to you to destroy the enemy.
Put everything at the disposition of our Generals, remove all provisions from the
path of the invaders, and put all the obstructions you can in his way.
" Every citizen with his gun, and every negro with his spade and ax can do the
work of a good soldier. You can destroy the enemy by retarding his march. Geor-
gians, be firm ! Act promptly, and fear not ! "
And to this manifesto was appended
" I most cordially approve the above.
"James A. Sedden, Secretary of War."
But in vain. The day had gone by when Beauregard's name was
a tower of strength, or when the decree of Southern Congressional
hotspurs could call armies into the field. Senator Hill was to see
that the negroes could not be safely trusted either with spade or ax,
as quasi soldiers of the C. S. A.
On the 27th and 28th both wings were temporarily encamped
between Sandersville and Irwin's Cross Roads, in the vicinity of the
Georgia Central Railway. Four large rivers lay at the outset in the
line of Sherman's march, all tending southeasterly; viz., the Ocmul-
gee, Oconee, Ogeechee and Savannah, with smaller streams and much
marshy ground between the last named two. The right wing passed
the Oconee below the Oconee Bridge, and the left at Milledgeville.
The Ogeechee was crossed at Finn's Bridge in the march from
Sandersville, and the main army grouped about Louisville in Jeffer-
son County, where it made a temporary halt, foraging, bringing in
mules and horses, and " working on the railroad." A portion of the
15th Corps was left at Griswoldville to protect the rear in the march
upon Milledgeville, which was furiously assaulted by three rebel brig-
ades, which met a bloody repulse, leaving behind in killed and
wounded nearly a thousand men. At Sandersville there was some
skirmishing with Wheeler's cavalry.
18
274 PATRIOTISM OF Il.l.iv
'General Kilpatrick had marched from Milledgeville toward Mil-
lcn on the 25th, hoping to liberate our brave prisoners held in torture
disgraceful to humanity, and :i message was received from him on
the 29th that he was ten miles from Louisville hard pressed by
Wheeler's cavalry. He had struck the railway on the 27th, and had
been constantly skirmishing with Wheeler, but had continued to
destroy the road. At Waynesboro he learned that the prisoners
had been removed two days before, and as the object of the expedi-
tion was frustrated, he prudently resolved to fall hack and await the
infantry. Atkins moved his brigade to the intersection of the
Waynesboro and Louisville roads, where he was to have halted until
Murray should move into the rear, but from some misunderstanding
he moved on, and the remainder of the force was attacked and partly
surrounded, but gallantly cut their way out, and the two detach-
ments united, crossed Buckhead Creek, burned the bridge, and
halted for needed rest two miles beyond. Word came that Wheeler
wa> crossing with his entire force, and coming on in hot pursuit.
Our force assumed the defensive with a strong position, the flanks
thrown toward the rear, and such barricades as could be were pro-
vided. On came the rebel cavalry in fine style, making a desperate
charge only to be repulsed and rolled back, inflicting slight loss upon
Kilpatrick. Our force advanced a few miles, and again halted, and
were not pursued. Reinforcements were sent, but were not needed,
aud on the 29th Kilpatrick joined the main army, taking position
near the 14th Corps.
The rivers were crossed, the enemy had been beaten at every
point, the army was enthusiastic — the way was open to the sea, and
Sherman was ready to go.
v£
CHAPTER XVII.
TO SAVANNAH.
• The Right Wing — Two Columns — No. 9 — Millen — The Prison Pen — " 'Working
the Road" — Captured Mail — Corduroy — Eden — Jenk's Bridge — Twelve Mile
Post — King's Bridge — Enemy's Rifle Pits — Blair — In Sight of Savannah — TnE
Left Wing — Its March — Montieth Swamp — "Water Witch" — Jacksonboro —
Pontoons — Kilpatrick and Wheelf.r — Atkins — Waynesboro — The Ninety-se-
cond Illinois — Before Savannah — Charleston Severed — Savannah Invested —
Rebel Defenses — Fort McAllister — Hazen's Assault — Sherman on a Rice
House — Illinois Regiments Engaged — Meets the Navy — Dahlgren and Foster —
Guns from Port Royal — Assault Ordered — Hardee leaves Savannah — Geary
goes in — Sherman to Lincoln — To the Sea — Bowman's Resume — Lincoln to Sher-
man— Chattanooga to Savannah — The End not Yet.
THE right wing swept down the Ogeechee. Osterhaus with its
right, Sherman accompanying Blair, who with the 17th was on the
left. November 30th Wood and Corse encamped near Deep Creek.
Blair reached the Ogeechee at Barton, and crossed on a pontoon
bridge. On the 1st of December the right wing moved in three
columns, Hazen's and John E. Smith's divisions, the lower, on the
Statesboro road; the middle, "Wood's and Corse's divisions, on the
Savannah road, and Blair's corps along the Georgia railroad, destroy-
ing as they went. At night the two columns on the right encamped
opposite Station No. 8, where Wood secured and repaired a bridge,
and sent over a detachment to break the railway and burn the depot
both of which were done. Blair halted the 1 7th Corps at No. 9.
On the 2d Blair entered Millen, having destroyed the road and
depots to that point, with a large stock of cross-ties, lumber. It
required an effort to restrain our gallant men at the seat of one of
the Southern bastiles, where their comrades had suffered day after
day, wearily and painfully watching the delayed coming of the
-T1' PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
delivering host. The prison Btockade was in a thick for< 9t of pine,
six miles from the town. It was a square of fifteen acres, enclosed
by ;i high log fence. Within was the dead line, :i rail-fence, and the
lmts in which brave men burrowed, sickened, starved and died! In
the center waa a brick kitchen — a quarter of a mile away was the
hospital with accommodations for H"1' patients, and withoutit were
050 graves, a single month's mortality ! One unburied corpse, round
in one of the huts received Christian burial.
Wood and Corse rested near Clifton's Ferry, where they spanned
the liver with a bridge, and Corse sent a brigade to assist the 17th
in '% working on the road." Scouts dashed on to Scarsboro and cap-
tured a Savannah mail, and read the morning papers of that day, thus
again establishing communication with the outside world, through
rebel sources. The loth Corps remained in position the next day,
sending additional forces to aid in destroying the railway between
Millen and Scarsboro. The 1 7th Corps came up to No. 7, near
Scarsboro and encamped. On the 1th Wood and Corse reached
Wilson's Creek, and Blair, with part of Corse's men made Station
5£ ; Ilazen and Smith reached Scarsboro, Hazen having had a brush
with rebel cavalry, and having been compelled to make a corduroy
road through swampy ground. On the 5th advances were made with
little opposition. On the Gth reconnoissances were made in various
directions. Efforts to save the bridges for crossing were made, but
the rebels hail fired them. At Eden Station the bridge was partially
burned, but Colonel Williamson constructed afoot-bridge, and threw
over a small force, which went to the railway, one detachment going
as far as Twenty-mile Station, fighting both ways. General Howard
sent a Lieutenant to strike the Gulf railroad, but he found too strong
a rebel force before the approaches to the burning bridge over the
Cannonchee, and fell back. Wood's command rested at Wright's
Bridge, except a brigade which crossed on the foot-bridge mentioned,
and marched down the east bank toward Eden. At Jcnk's Bridge
a pontoon bridge was laid, in spite of bold resistance, and the troops
began to cross. General Rice, of Corse's division, encountered the
rebel force and drove them from behind rail barricades, receiving
small loss. The other troops advanced as rapidly as possible.
General Howard resolved on the 8th to dislodge the enemy, reported
EDEN. 277
to have a strong force at the Twelve-mile post, and sent two divi-
sions of the 15th down the west bank of the Ogeechee, to force the
crossing of the Cannonchee, cut the Gulf railway and take King's
Bridge across the Ogeechee, and to reconnoiter between the Big and
Little Ogeechee. The way was tilled with trees, etc., which were
removed; a burnt bridge over the Savannah Canal was replaced in a
half hour, and the bridge near the mouth of the canal found sufficient
for pontoon crossing, which was laid. A reconnoissance disclosed
the rebels in force at the junction of the road upon which our troops
were moving and the King's Bridge and Savannah road. Osterhaus
got over the Cannonchee with two brigades, and the 17th Corps,
corduroying much of the way, toiled up to Eden, or Station No. 2.
On the 9th Blair came upon the rifle-pits of the foe, three miles
and a half from Station No. 2, and launched upon them a force which
drove the occupants, but the pursuers were stopped by an entrenched
line defended by guns in position. Blair's advance was through a
thickly wooded swamp, full of undergrowth, but his three battle lines,
preceded by hardy skirmishers made their way, driving the enemy,
reaching Station No. 1, where he camped for the night. Savannah
was near. Soon the ardent troops hoped to bathe their blistered
feet in the waters of the sea !
The Savannah and Gulf railway was reached and cut by the 15th
Corps. Corse confronted six hundred rebels with two pieces of
artillery. A single brigade dislodged them, capturing one of their
guns, and chasing them within twelve miles of the city. His
advance crossed the Little Ogeechee and camped within eight miles
of Savannah. King's Bridge was burnt, but pontoons spanned the
Ogeechee, and thus, almost within sight of Savannah, Howard, under
the eye of his chieftain, united the columns of his victorious army,
and gave adoring praise to the God he worshiped.
Slocum was not idle, but was crowding forward his army, the left
wing of the great Eagle swooping down upon the South.
Williams' 20th Corps left Louisville December 1st, marching until
the 8th via the Louisville and Savannah road, down the Peninsula
between the Ogeechee and Savannah rivers, and on the 8th encamp-
ing near Eden Cross-roads. His intermediate stops were Baker's
Creek, Buckhead Church, Horse Creek, Little Ogeechee, Sylvania
278 PATRIOTISM OF [LUNOI8.
Cross-roads, Cowpens and Jack's Branch, near Springfield. From
K len the march was eastward inward Montieth Post-office, on the
Charleston Railway. The Montieth Swamp, one of formidable
extent, was to be crossed, and obstructions were anticipated, and
found in the form of felled trees, two limited earthworks, one gun
and a small infantry force, which soon gave way- The corps reached
Montieth Station on the 10th, destroyed several miles of the railway,
and marched to a point near the five-mile post on the Augusta and
Savannah Railroad. A rebel dispatch-boat with Hardee's dispatches
was overhauled. The boat was the Water Witch, formerly of our
navy. Here our corps halted, finding a strong rebel line before
them.
Carlin's division of the 14th Corps marched to Sebastopol, and on
the 2d of December joined the corps, and the column encamped at
the crossing of the Birdsville and Waynesboro roads. Morgan's
division, in charge of the corps train, encamped two miles from
Louisville. General Sherman indicated Jacksonboro as the next cen-
ter for the 14th Corps. On the 3d General Davis crossed the creek
with pontoon bridges, and ordered Baird and Kilpatrick to move
from Reynold's toward Waynesboro, as though destined to Augusta.
They halted near Thomas' Station in presence of a pretty strong
rebel force. Carlin and Morgan made Lumpkin's Station at the cross-
ing of the Jacksonboro road and the Augusta and Savannah rail-
road. On the 4th they moved with their corps trains, leaving a long
stretch of wrecked railway (for in the hands or* those Illinois opera-
tors Southern railway stocks declined) and made thirteen miles.
Baird and Kilpatrick skirmished sharply with Wheeler's cavalry,
driving it over Brier Creek, and Baird tore up several miles of track.
On the 5th the corps converged near Jacksonville ; on the next day
it crossed the Beaver-dam and marched twenty miles to Hudson's
Ferry on the Savannah River.
Onward through dense timber, pontooning streams, building cor-
duroy, yet ever indomitable, the march continued, Atkins covering
the rear, and on the 9th Morgan found the rebel force in a strong
field work to contest the path. He placed his guns, opened fire,
deployed his infantry, but night compelled inaction, and when morn-
ing came the enemy was gone. On the 10th Carlin and Morgan
OUR CAVALRY — WAYNESBORO. 279
reached the Ten-mile House and camped, giving the road to the 20th
Corps. Baird was covering the rear, tearing track and aiming at
the destruction of the costly bridge over the Savannah.
The cavalry had met some experiences not yet recorded. After I
various skirmishes with Wheeler, the force of Kilpatrick was busily
engaged on the 3d in the usual railway operation. Wheeler burst
upon one of Atkins' regiments, expecting to crush it, but was
repulsed. Sherman had ordered a reconnoissance toward Waynes-
boro, and that wherever Wheeler was found he should be fought,
and Kilpatrick ordered all impedimenta out of his way, and early on
the 4th moved out in the clear crisp air, with Atkins in advance.
The enemy was found and his skirmish line driven in. Atkins
advanced and assailed his works, but found the cavalry dismounted,
and posted behind strong barricades, the flanks secured, and his first
effort failed. The gallant 92d Illinois dismounted; the 10th Ohio
and 9th Michigan cavalry were also dismounted, and in columns of
four, by battalions sent on the right, and the 9th Ohio in the same
order on the left. Then Captain Beebe brought up his 10th Wis-
consin battery within six hundred yards and opened a terrific fire,
silencing the rebel artillery. The charge was sounded and forward
went the line, Illinois, Michigan and Ohio, going like an avalanche !
No pause, no stay, the barricades were reached and carried, and
the rebel force broken into fragments. Desperately they rallied, and
more than once attempted counter charges, and at one time with
some show of success, but were again broken, and fell back to
Waynesboro. There Wheeler was found even more strongly pro-
tected, and his flanks secure. Kilpatrick ordered his center to be bro:
ken, and Murray hurled his men upon it, broke it, scattered the foe,
Wheeler's famous cavalry was completely routed, and the town was
ours.
After some unimportant skirmishing the division united ten miles
south of Springfield, and moved to the rear of the 17th Corps.
Thus from Atlanta onward through bog and morass, over all
obstacles had thundered our legions, now the enemy flying to the
defence of Macon, now of Augusta, again trembling for Charleston,
confident that Yankee pride would strike for the nest where treason
broke its shell, but now the two wings, having marched more than
2S0 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
three hundred miles in twenty four days— feeding from rebel grana-
ries ami Bmoke houses — to the defences of Savannah, within which
was the army of Hardee, stretched out across the peninsula between
the two rivers, and Savannah was doomed!
Sherman, the crazy man of Kentucky was, already, well nigh the
most (anions man in the world, but his work was not done — strat-
egy and heroism were yet to do more.
The investment of Savannah was made as complete as possible.
On the 1 1th the left wing took position on the right and in front of
the city ; the left of the 20th Corps rested on the Savannah, its right
on the Ogeechee. The 17th Corps was on the right center, and the
15th in reserve, ready to open communication with the fleet.
Slocum had struck the Savannah and Charleston railway, and
severed communication between those two cities, and had erected
breastworks and placed artillery; Baird's division protected the rear
of the left wing from Wheeler's cavalry raids, and planted batteries
on the river to check rebel gunboats. The Union line stretched ten
miles from the Savannah, where Slocum's left lay within three miles
of the city, to the Gulf railway, where Howard's right was posted,
ten miles from Savannah. General Sherman was using every effort
to open communication with the fleet in Tybee, Wassaw and Ossa-
baw Sounds, for its appearance at this time was part of the precon-
certed scheme. Kilpatrick moved with alacrity through Sudbury to
Kilkenny, and found the United States ship Fernandma, Captain
West, in sight down the bay.
The enemy's defences were formidable, following substantially a
swampy creek which empties into the Savannah about three miles
from the city, and thence to another which debouches into the Little
Ogeechee. Only by five narrow causeways could the city be entered,
and these were commanded by heavy artillery, while the banks of
the canal and dykes were broken and the ground flooded. Hence
Sherman decided on a complete investment, and establishing com-
munication with the fleet before any assault should be made.
On the 13th, however, Hazen,of the 15th Corps, was ordered to
assault and carry Fort McCallister. King's Bridge, over the Ogee-
chee, was burned, but was reconstructed in brief space, although a
thousand feet in length, and Hazen took over his division, with a
FORT Mc CALLISTER, 281
detachment from the 17th Corps, and marched thirteen miles reach-
ing the environs of the Fort at 1 P. M. He deployed his force about
the place, both flanks resting upon the river, and posted his skirm-
ishers judiciously behind the trunks of trees whose branches had
been used for abattis, and about 5 P.' M. made his assault. Gene-
ral Sherman says, " I witnessed the assault from a rice mill on the
opposite side of the river, and can bear testimony to the handsome
manner in which it was accomplished."
Captain Conyengham, in his "March through the South," thus
narrates the assault:
"Hazen brought no artillery, as the ground was too swampy to move it, and he
had decided on taking the fort by a bold dash, and at the point of the bayonet.
" As soon as the line commenced moving over the open space the fort opened all
its guns upon them. Hazen moving in a single line did not suffer much.
" Their loss was mostly from torpedos, which now and then blew up, hurling piles
of dirt on the column, and knocking some poor fellows over. The column was all
this time rapidly closing up ; not a man wavered ; each resolved that the fort should
be taken. As we got near enough we poured a steady fire in through the embras-
ures, knocking off a good many of the gunners. We afterward found their bodies
lying beside their pieces. The first obstruction we met was a thick abattis, which
our troops tore up and crawled through. The column had now closed in around the
fort; the guns were silenced, as nothing could live near them, so deadly was our fire.
Only a deep ditch, studded with spikes, now separated us from the enemy. Into this
the men jumped, tearing away the palisade, climbed up the crest, and mingled in
a fierce hand-to-hand conflict with the foe. Shouts, groans and curses, the whir of
the bullet, and the clash of steel rang from the enclosure.
"The contest was of short duration, for our troops burst in on all sides, overpower-
ing the enemy, who fought desperately, some of them being bayoneted at their
pieces. The officers did all in their power to rally them ; several of them preferring
death to dishonor.
" The contest was over ; the palmetto had trailed in the dust ; the stars and stripes
had floated in its place. The fort was ours — thus opening the navigation of the
river — with its splendid guns, and large supply of arms, and a full ce!lar of rich old
wines. This was one of the noblest exploits of the campaign, and proves how much
quick, determined action can accomplish. Had Hazen sat down before this, to take
it by regular siege, it would keep us days at work, and cost us more lives. As it was
our loss in killed and wounded scarcely amounted to one hundred.
"During the assault Generals Sherman and Howard and staffs occupied a Doctor
Chevc's rice mill, opposite the fort, on the Ogeechee. Sherman was on the roof of
the mill. He had signal officers Berkely and Cole there to communicate with Hazen.
While anxiously looking out for Hazen's signals, Sherman's eagle eye descried smoke
in the distance, seaward. As yet he had received no intelligence from the fleet,
though Captain Duncan, chief of Howard's scouts had started on the hazardous enter-
prise of opening communication with them as early as the 9th.
282 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
" Sherman looked ; his bronzed features lighted up as he exclaimed — ' Look, Bow-
ard ; there n the gunboat ! '
" Soon after the guns of the fort opened one fierce fire, while puffa of smoke
ourled along Eazen'a line, showing that they were replying. Hazen signaled —
■■ ' i have in ■ ested the fort, and « ill assault immediately.'
" Berkelj announces a Bignal from the gunboat. All anxiously look out for it.
The Bignals inform as that Foster and Dahlgrcn arc within speaking distance, and
ask —
" 'Can we run up? Is Fort McAllister ours?'
" ' No, Bazen is just ready to storm it. Can you assist?'
" • Yes ; wh it shall we do?'
"Another moment, the thunder from the fort grew fiercer, the metallic rattle of
small arms increase, and are borne clearly across the three miles of intervening
marsh. Sherman looks toward the fort intensely with his glass, and exclaims,
" 'How grandly they advance ! Not a waver ! '
"Again — 'Look, Howard, Look! Magnificent! See that flag how steadily it
advances ! Not a man falters ! Grand, grand ! ' Again he looks, and turns to
Howard ;
" 'They arc closing in ; there is faltering there; no flinching. Stop; it has
halted — they are wavering — Xo, heavens! it's over the parapet ! There, they go
light over it ! See, see, there is a flag, and another, and another on the works —
Hurrah, it's ours ! The fort's taken !' "
The excitement of the greal Captain was natural. He was about
to take the key to Savannah ; the fleet with its heavy guns and stores
was at hand, and, beside, Hazen Mas leading his own old division, and
he felt his old pride and soldierly affection all aglow. Turning to an
aid he ordered a boat that he might go to the captured fort, from
which a half dozen flags were already Hying.
Illinois was fully represented in this brilliant assault. On the right
of the attacking line was the 110th, under Lieutenant-Colonel Mad-
dox, on the left, Colonel Martin commanded the 111th, in the center
the old 48th was led by Major Adams, and the 00th by Colonel
Stuart. Logan was not at the head of his eld division, but it won
that day laurels as unwitheiing as any with which his daring or genius
had ever crowned it.
Sherman went down to the fort, and gave cordial greeting to Hazen
and his men, and entering another boat was rowed down the Ogee-
chee until he met the tug Dandelion, Captain Williamson, and learned
that his scout, Captain Duncan, had reached Dahlgren and (General
Foster, and that they were expected every hour in Ossabaw Sound
He returned to the fort and wrote the Secretary of War:
SUMMON TO SURRENDER. 283
" The weather has been fine, and supplies were abundant. Our march has been
most agreeable, and we were not at all worsted by guerrillas. * *
We have not lost a wagon on the trip, but have gathered in a large supply of negroes,
mules, etc., and our trains are in much better condition than when we started. *
* * * The quick work made with Fort McAllister, and the opening
of communication with our fleet, and the consequent independence for supplies dis-
sipates all their boasted threats to head me off and starve the army. I regard
Savannah as already gained."
Major Strong, of Major-General Foster's staff, arrived at the fort
before daybreak, and informed General Sherman that General Fos-
ter was in the Ogeech.ee on the steamer Nemaha. Sherman went to
him, and after some time they proceeded down the sound in search
of Dahlgren, whom they found about noon in Wassau Sound. Con-
ference was held ; Foster was to send some heavy artillery from
Hilton Head; Dahlgren informed Sherman as to the fleet, the rebel
forts guarding channels, etc., while Sherman informed the Admiral
that with the exception of the plank-road on the South Carolina
shore, Savannah was invested, and that he hoped to reach from his
left flank across the Savannah River. He asked the fleet to engage
the attention of the forts along the "Wilmington Channel at Beau-
lieu and Rosedew, and he would take Savannah with his men as soon
as his heavy guns could arrive from Hilton Head.
Returning to his lines in the rear of Savannah, on the 15th, Gene-
ral Sherman considered with care the reports of his subordinates,
and formed his plan for assaulting the city on the arrival of the guns
to be sent by General Foster. Several thirty-pounder Parrotts
reached King's Bridge on the lVth, and he sent to Hardee, by flag
of truce, a formal demand for the surrender of the city, and as a
suggestion, enclosed a copy of Hood's demaud for the surrender of
Dalton, with its sanguinary alternative, "No prisoners being taken
in case of a refusal." Hardee answered coolly that the investment
was incomplete ; that he had men and means to hold out, and that
he should not surrender.
General Sherman decided after careful and scientific reconnois-
sance from the left flank that it was not prudent to push any consider-
able force across the Savannah River, under fire from the rebel iron-
clad gunboats, which could destroy our pontoons, and isolate any
force which might cross from Hutchinson's Island to the South Caro- |
2S4 PATRIOTISM OF tl LINOIB.
lina shore. Arrangements were made for Slocum to assault, while
he wenl in person to Port Royal, and arranged with Foster to rein-
force a division placed in the poinl between the Coosawhatchie and
Tullifenney rivers, at the head of Broad River, where In- could bring
his artillery. There was a chivalrous strife among division com-
manders who should firstenter the city.
Preparations for the assault were nearly complete, when Hardee
decided to n treat. Accordingly he opened a fierce fire of shot and
(shell on the Union lines, from gunboats and batteries. On the night
of the 20th he decamped, pontooncd the river, and marched toward
Charleston on the only open road. General Geary, suspecting the
movement, pushed his division up to the city, and on the morning of
the '21st received the surrender of Savannah from the hands of the
Mayor, and sent the tidings to his superior, General Slocum.
Sherman sent to President Lincoln this note, dated December 22d:
" I beg to present you as a Christmas gift with one hundred and fifty heavy guns,
and plenty of ammunition, and also about twenty-five thousand bales of cotton."
The sea was reached. The wonderful march was made — the con-
quering army had established its base — tons of letters from home
were received, and eagerly read ; and the army of the Union had
made another grand stage toward its final goal.
Colonel Bowman, in his valuable work, "Sherman and his Cam-
paigns," thus sums up:
"The army marched over three hundred miles in twenty-four days, directly through
the heart of Georgia, and reached the sea with its subsistence trains almost unbroken.
In the entire command, five officers and fifty-eight men killed, thirteen officers and
two hundred and thirty-two men wounded, and one officer and two hundred and fifty-
eight men missing ; making a total list of casualties of but nineteen commissioned
officers and five hundred and forty eight men, or five hundred and sixty-seven of all
ranks. Seventy-seven officers and twelve hundred and sixty-one men of the Con-
federate army, or thirteen hundred and thirty-eight in all, were made prisoners.
Ten thousand negroes left the plantations of their former masters, and accompanied
the column when it reached Savannah, without taking note of thousands more who
joined the army, but from various causes had to leave it at different points. Over
20,000 bales of cotton were burned beside the 25,000 captured at Savannah. ] 3,000
head of beef-cattle, 9,500,000 pounds of corn, and 10,500,000 pounds of fodder were
taken from the country, and issued to the troops and animals. The men lived mainly
on the sheep, hogs, turkeys, geese, chickens, sweet potatoes and rice gathered by
the foragers from the plantations along the route of each day's march. Sixty thou-
sand, taking merely of the surplus which fell in their way as they marched rapidly
LINCOLN TO SHERMAN. 285
over the main roads, subsisted for three weeks in tho very country where the Union
prisoners at Andersonville were starved to death or idiocy. Five thousand horses
and four thousand mules were impressed for the cavalry and trains ; three hundred
and twenty miles of railway were destroyed, and the last remaining links of com-
munication between the Confederate armies in Virginia, and the West effectually
severed by burning every tie, twisting every rail while healed red hot over the flam-
ing piles of ties, and laying in ruin every depot, engine-house, repair-shop, water-
tank and turn-table."
This wonderful march, made in four great columns, was from first
to last a mystery to the rebel authorities, who knew not at what point
the cloud they saw would launch its vengeful bolt. Their old van-
tage of interior Hues was gone.
Mr. Lincoln was overjoyed. From the time the army leaped from
its base at Atlanta until the head of the conquering column was
before Savannah the Government was in suspense, hearing nothing
except through rebel journals. Sherman's brief dispatch brought
unutterable gladness to the patriot President. He immediately
replied :
" Executive Mansion, )
"Washington, D. C, Dec. 26, 1864.)
"My Dear General Sherman:
" Many, many thanks for your Christmas gift, the capture of Savannah.
" When you were about to leave Atlanta for the Atlantic coast, I was ayixious, if
not fearful ; but feeling you were the better judge, and remembering that ' nothing
risked, nothing gained,' I did not interfere. Now, the undertaking being a success,
the honor is all yours, for I believe none of us went further than to acquiesce. And
taking the work of General Thomas into the count, as it should be taken, it is, indeed,
a great success.
"Not only does it afford the obvious and immediate millitary advantages, but in
showing to the world that your army could be divided, putting the stronger part to
an important new service, and yet leaving enough to vanquish the old opposing
forces of the whole — Hood's army — it brings those who sat in darkness to see a great
light.
"But what next? I suppose it will be safe if I leave General Grant and your-
self to decide.
" Please make my grateful acknowledgments to your whole army, officers and men.
"Yours, very truly,
"A. Lincoln."
From Chattanooga to Savannah, and the end not yet.
C II A P T E R XVIII.
THE CLOSE OF 1S64— TOE OPENING OF 18C5.
Mr. Stanton's Summary of 1864 — Resume — Banks — Sherman — Stanton and Thomas
— Hood's Army Destroyed — JoilN Morgan — Other Operations — In the East —
The Vai.i.ey of the Shenandoah — Sheridan — The Lost Battle Saved — Opening
Year — Grant Reports the Situation — Stanton's Enumeration — Reduction of
Fort Fisher — Schofield's Corps — Battle at Kingston — Canby's Department —
Mobile — Defences — The Forts — Farragut — The Flan — Lashed Vessels — Pass
the Forts — Gunboats — Ram Tennessee — Terrific Fight — Triumph — Mobile Bay
Ours — Forts Surrender — The City Invested — Carr's Brigades Assault and
Carry The Spanish Fort — Fort Blakf.ley Taken — Our Losses — Mobile Ours —
Losses — Captures — Wilson's Gigantic Alabama Raid — Andersonville — Record
of its Honored Dead.
THE year was closing with grand achievements to the cause of the
Union. The Secretary of War reported the forces under arms
at the opening of the spring campaigns as follows:
Department of Washington 42,124
Army of the Fotomae 120,380
Department of Virginia and North Carolina 59,129
Department of the South 18,165
Department of the Gulf 61,866
Department of Arkansas 23,666
Department of the Tennessee 74, 1 74
Department of the Missouri 13,770
Department of the Northwest 5,295
Department of Kansas 4,798
Head-quarters military division of the Mississippi 476
Department of the Cumberland 1 19,948
Department of the Ohio 35,416
Northern Department 9,546
Department of West Virginia 30,782
Department of the East 2»828
Department of the Susquehanna 2,970
Thomas' report. 287
Middle Department 5,627
Ninth Army Corps 20,780
Department of New Mexico 3,454
Department of the Pacific 5,141
Total 062,345
The spring operations of the West began in March with the ill-fated
expedition of Banks against Kirov Smith, costing our State so
heavily in the loss of men. Sherman began his brilliant campaigns
in May. Atlanta gained, Hood was bated with the golden apple of
West Tennessee, and clutched eagerly at the tempting lure. We
have seen the result. Secretary Stanton, in his report, thus introduces
and quotes from General Thomas :
" While General Sherman's army was marching south from Atlanta (to the sea coast,
the rebel army under Hood, strongly reinforced, was moving north, threatening Ten-
nessee. The task of encountering this formidable foe, and defending the border
states from invasion, was entrusted to Major-General George II. Thomas, who was
ably assisted by his second in command, Major-General Schofield. In his report,
General Thomas says :
" ' I found myself confronted by the army which, under General J. E. Johnston,
had so skillfully resisted the advance of the whole active army of the military divi-
sion of the Mississippi, from Dalton to the Chattahoochee, reinforced by a well-equip-
ped and enthusiastic cavalry command of over 12,000 men, led by one of the boldest
and most successful cavalry commanders in the rebel army. My information, from
all sources, confirmed the reported strength stated of Hood's army to be from forty
to forty-five thousand infantry, and from twelve to fifteen thousand cavalry. My
effective force, at this time, consisted of the 4th Corps, about 12,000, under Major-
General D. S. Stanley ; the 23d Corps, about 10,000, under Major-General Schofield ;
Hatcher's division of cavalry, about 4,000 ; Croxton's brigade, 2,500, and Capron's
brigade, of about 1,200. The balance of my force was distributed along the rail-
road, and posted at Murfreesboro, Stevenson, Bridgeport, Huntsville, Decatur, and
Chattanooga, to keep open our communications, and hold the posts above named, if
attacked, until they could be reinforced, as up to this time it was impossible to deter-
mine which course Hood would take, advance on Nashville, or turn toward Hunts-
ville. Under these circumstances, it was manifestly best to act on the defensive
until sufficiently reinforced to justify taking the offensive. On the 12th of Novem-
ber communication with General Sherman was severed, the last dispatch from him
leaving Cartersville, Georgia, at 2:25 P. M. on that date. He had started on his
great expedition from Atlanta to the sea board, leaving me to guard Tennessee, or
pursue the enemy if he followed the commanding General's column. It was, there-
fore, with considerable anxiety that we watched the force at Florence, to discover
what course they would pursue with regard to General Sherman's movements, deter-
mining thereby whether the troops under my command, numbering less than half
those under Hood, were to act on the defensive in Tennessee, or take the offensive
in Alabama.'"
288 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
The battles of Franklin and Nashville, and the subsequent pursuit
destroyed Bood?a army, ami the organization which wrought so fear-
fully at Shiloh, Stone River and Chickamauga passi d oul ofexistence.
In the battle of Franklin, alone, it lost six general officers killed,
six wounded and cue captured, and a further loss in killed, wounded
and prisoners of 6,239. At Nashville the final blow was given, and
it was crumbled into fragments, and the host led by Bragg, the two
Johnstons and Hood was no more. It had been ably commanded,
and gallantly had it fought. It was only beaten by superior ability,
and a better cause.
John Morgan made, in June, another invasion upon the quasi-loyal
state of Kentucky, was beaten by Burbridge on the 12th, and killed
by General Gillam's command in the following September. " In
the month 6f November, a rebel expedition, under Breckinridge,
Duke and Vaughn, was repulsed by General Amnion, and driven
from East Tennessee. An expedition, under General Stoneman and
General Burbridge, penetrated to Saltville, in Southwestern Virginia,
destroyed the works at that place, broke up the railroads, and inflicted
great destruction upon the enemy's supplies and communications.
" After the withdrawal of our troops from the Red River, a large
rebel force advanced under Sterling Price into Kansas, and pene-
trated thence into the department of the Missouri. But they were
at length driven back with heavy loss.
" Other military operations, of greater or less magnitude, occur-
red dining the. year — some attended with disaster, some with brilliant
success. Of the former class were Kilpatrick's raid against Rich-
mond, the capture of Plymouth and its garrison, at the commence-
ment of the year, by the rebels under Hoke ; the defeat of the expe-
dition from Memphis, under General Sturgis ; the capture of Fort
Pillow by Chalmers and Forrest, and Stoneman\s expedition to
Andersonville. On the other hand, the raids of Grierson from Mem-
phis, in December, of Stoneman and Burbridge into Virginia, of
Wilson into Alabama, inflicted sore distress upon the enemy, and
brought the rebels to a solemn sense of the sufferings caused to them-
selves by the war they had undertaken against their Government."
— Secretary Stanton's report.
Eastward, momentous events were transpiring. In Vol. I., the
SHERIDAN. 289
movements of Grant and Mead were outlined down to the siege of
Petersburg, June 16th. There, the army of the great leader, Robert
E. Lee, was held before the defences of the rebel capital, chafing
furiously, as the armies of the West melted before Sherman and
Thomas, and city after city opened its gates to the triumphant con-
querors of the Union.
The valley of the Shenandoah had been the theater of adverse
contests throughout the war, relieved by partial victories and half
successes. This was to change. Says the Secretary of War :
"Active operations were also going on in the valley of the Shenandoah. On the
1st of May an expedition, under Generals Crook and Averill was sent out by Gene-
ral Sigel, which reached Wytheville, and accomplished the destruction of much
rebel property. General Sigel advanced, on the 8th day of May, with his force,
from Winchester to New Market, where, met by the enemy under General Breckin-
ridge, he was defeated, and fell back to Cedar Creek. General Hunter was then
placed in command of the department. He marched with a strong force toward
Staunton, and in a brilliant engagement at Piedmont defeated the enemy with severe
loss. Advancing to Staunton, he was joined there by Crook and Averil, and moved
against Lynchburg. Reinforcements from the enemy having arrived before him,
General Hunter retired by way of the Kanawha. Meanwhile, in order to repair the
losses of the Army of the Potomac, the chief part of the force designed to guard
the middle department and the department of Washington was called forward to the
front. Taking advantage of this state of affairs, in the absence of General Hunter's
command, the enemy made a large detachment from their army at Richmond, which,
under General Early, moved down the Shenandoah Valley, threatening Baltimore
and Washington. Their advance was checked at Monocacy, where a severe engage-
ment was fought by our troops under General Wallace, reinforced by a part of the
6th Corps under General Ricketts. After this battle the enemy continued to advance
until they reached intrenchments around Washington. Here they were met by
troops from the Army of the Potomac, consisting of the 6th Corps, under General
Wright, a part of the 8th Corps, under General Gillmore, and a part of the 19th
Corps, just arrived from New Orleans, under General Emory. By these troops the
enemy was driven back -ntorn Washington, and retreated hastily to Virginia, pursued
by our forces under General iVright.
"On the 7th of August, 1S64, General Sheridan was placed in command of the
military division comprising the department of Washington, the department of
West Virginia, the department of the Susquehanna, and the middle department. In
two great battles, at the crossing of the Opequan on the 19th of September, and
at Fisher's Hill on the 22d of September, the rebel army under Early was routed,
and driven from the valley with immense loss of prisoners, artillery and stores. A
desperate effort was made by the enemy to recover their position. Early was
strongly reinforced, and on the morning of the 19th of October, in the absence of
General Sheridan, his lines were surprised, his position turned, and his forces driven
back in confusion. At the moment when a great disaster was impending, Sheridan
19
200 PATUIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
appeared upon the field, the battle was restored, and a brilliant victory achi
Tlie rooted forces of the enemy were pursued to Mount Jackson, where he arrived
without an organized regiment <>f bia army. All his artillery, and thousands of
prisoners fell into Sheridan's bonds. These successes closed military operations in
the Shenandoah Valley, and a rebel force appeared there no more during the war."
The campaigns of Sheridan have the charm and glitter of romance,
and yet were substantial realities. History has no parallel to his
appearance upon the lost field at Middletown. Five hours of disaster
hail crushed hope; defeat was ordered, and grave peril was upon our
cause, for the doors of the Shenandoah were to be thrown wide open
for the descent upon the capital.
Sheridan had been to Washington and, returning, had slept- at
Winchester, where the booming artillery informed him that a battle
was raging without him. Attended by his orderly he galloped to the
field, and as he met the retreating troops swung his cap and shouted,
" Face the other w ay, boys. We are going back to our camps.
We are going to lick them out of their boots." Reaching the army,
he countermanded the order for retreat ; rode for two hours along
his lines, arranging them for an assault upon the flushed foe, saying,
"Boys, if I had been here this never should have happened. I tell
you it never should have happened. And now, we are going back
to our camps. We are going to get a twist on them. We are going
to lick them out of their boots." Not very Ciceronic was the speech,
but it had effect, and was followed by loud huzzahs, and enthusiastic
cheers. And when ready, he swept Early from the field. A defeated
army was reinforced simply by its General and his orderly — not by
flesh troops — and a disastrous defeat was converted into a glorious
victory. The campaigns of the Shenandoah .^placed Sheridan as
only below Grant and Sherman, and as the equal of Meade and
Thomas; the subsequent battle of Five Forks assured the justice of
the verdict. The country approved when he was promoted Major-
General of the regular army in place of George B. McClellan,
resigned.
The new year opened with notes of preparation for the final strug-
gle. Volunteers were being raised, State executives were bestirring
themselves, a draft for 500,000 had been ordered, and the people
were responding, as ever, to the calls upon them. All eyes were
turned upon the movements in Virginia, and Sherman's contem-
GRANT ON THE SITUATION. 291
plated march through the Carolinas, in preparation for which he was
resting and clothing his half-naked troops at Savannah.
Lieutenant-Gcneral Grant thus states the situation :
"In March, 1865, General Canby was moving an adequate force against Mobile,
and the array defending it, under General Dick Taylor ; Thomas was pushing out
two large and well appointed cavalry expeditions — one from Middle Tennessee,
under Brevet Major-General Wilson, against the enemy's vital points in Alabama;
the other from East Tennessee, under Major-General Stoneman, toward Lynchburg —
and assembling the remainder of his available forces, preparatory to offensive opera-
tions from East Tennessee ; General Sheridan's cavalry was at While House ; the
armies of the Potomac and James were confronting the enemy under Lee in his
defences of Richmond and Petersburg; General Stoneman with his armies, reinforced
by that of General Schofield, was at Goldsboro; General Pope was making prepara-
tions for a spring campaign against the enemy under Kirby Smith and Price, west
of the Mississippi, and General Hancock was concentrating a force in the vicinity
of Winchester, Virginia, to guard again/t invasion, or to operate offensively, as
might prove necessary."
The Secretary of War thus states the force in military service :
" Official reports show that on the 1st of March, 1865, the aggregate national mili-
tary force of all arms, officers and men, was nine hundred and sixty-five thousand
five hundred and ninety-one, to wit:
Available force present for duty 602,598
On detached service in the different military departments 132,538
In field hospitals, or unfit for duty 35,628
In general hospitals, or on sick leave at home 143,419
Absent on furlough, or as prisoners of War 31,695
Absent without leave 19,6S3
Grand aggregate 965,591
"This force was augmented on the 1st of May, 1865, by enlistments, to the number
of one million five hundred and sixteen of -.all arms, officers and men, ( 1,000,516).
" The aggregate available force present for duty on the 1st of March was distributed
in the different commands as follows :
Army of the Potomac 103,2*73
Head-quarters military division of the Mississippi 17
Department of the Cumberland 62,626
Department of the Tennessee 45,649
Left wing, Armyof Georgia 31,644
Cavalry corps military divisions of the Mississippi 2*7,410
Headquarters military division of West Mississippi 24
Reserve brigades military division of West Mississippi 13,748
Department of the Gulf 35,625
Department of Arkansas , 24,509
292 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Department of the Mississippi 24,1 51
Sixteenth Army Corps 1 1
Hi nl quarters military division of the Missouii • . . 12
Department of the Missouri 18,557
Department of the Northwest 4,731
Bead-quarters middle military division 841
Cavalry forces middle military division 12,980
Nineteenth Army Corps 0,612
Middle Department 2,089
Department of Washington 26,056
Dopartment of West Virginia 15,517
Department of Pennsylvania 820
Department of the East 7,462
Department of Virginia 45,986
Department of North Carolina 34,945
Department of the South 11,510
Department of Kentucky 10,655
Northern Department 1 1,229
Department of the Pacific 7,024
Department of New Mexico 2,501
Grand Total 602,598 "
The reduction of Fort Fisher was the first important occurrence
of the new year. The Secretary of War says :
"The active operations of 1865 began with the reduction of Fort Fisher, by a
combined expedition of land and naval forces. The port of Wilmington, North
Carolina, during the whole war, has been a principal point of foreign trade with the
rebels. The advantage of its position defied the most rigorous blockade, and, after
the fall of Savannah, it was the only gate through which foreign supplies could pass
to the rebels. The strong works and garrison of Fort Fisher, at the mouth of Cape
Fear River, were the main defence of Wilmington. On the 13th of December a
force of about 6,500 men, under Major-General Butler, started from Fortress Mon-
roe to operate in conjunction with a naval force under Admiral Porter, against Fort
Fisher. General Butler effected a landing on the 25th cf December, but re-embarked
on the 27th, and returned with his troops to Fortress Monroe. The Lieutenant-
General ordered the enterprise to be renewed by General Terry, who, on the 2d of
January, was placed in command of the same troops, with a reinforcement that
made the whole number about 8,000. On the morning of the 13th of January the
troops were disembarked, under cover of a heavy, effective fire fiom the fleet. An
assault was made in the afternoon of the 15th of January, and after desperate hand-
to-hand fighting for several hours, the works were carried, the enemy driven out,
and about midnight the whole garrison, with its commander, General Whiting, sur-
rendered. The fall of Fort Fisher carried with it the other defenses of Cape Fear
River. Fort Caswell and the works on Smith's Island fell into our hands on the 16th
and 17th, Fort Anderson on the 19th, and, General Schofield advancing, the enemy
were driven from Wilmington on the 21st of February."
canby's department. 293
This indicates the presence of Western troops. After the victory
of Nashville, General A. J. Smith was ordered to report to General
Canby, while Sohofield was assigned to the command of the military
department of North Carolina, and ordered to report to General
Sherman, and his corps, the 23d, was taken East, and sent to Fort
Fisher and Newborn, without the loss of a man or an animal. Early
in March he pushed inland, to meet Sherman at Goldsboro. Near
Kingston, on the 10th, his advance was struck by the enemy, who
captured two or three guns and a line of skirmishers. Flushed with
this success, they came on in force, attempting to carry his entrench-
ments, and cut his center. They met the stern, steady fire, and cool
courage of the veterans of Franklin and Nashville, and after seve-
ral repulses, retreated, leaving their dead and wounded on our hands,
with several hundred prisoners. They made another stand at Kings-
ton, but were compelled to retreat. Schofield made his way to
Goldsboro.
After the Red River disaster, a change was made in the military
organization west of the Mississippi. The departments of Arkan-
sas and the Gulf, including Louisiana and Texas, were placed in one
military division, called West Mississippi, and Major-General Canby
placed in command. Within it transpired events of much impor-
tance, which only the magnitude of our movements elsewhere pre-
vented from being famous. In July, 1 864, Mobile was attacked by
the land and naval forces. Three lines of strong earthworks extended
five or six miles in the rear of the city ; along the east coast of
Mobile Bay was a line of formidable batteries of thirty-two pound
rifled cannon, mounted in earthworks. Forts Morgan and Gaines
commanded the entrance to the bay, while between them and the
city the channels were obstructed by piles, deeply driven, sunken
stone-boats, etc., while in the Mobile River, above the city, four
wooden gunboats and an iron-clad ram kept watchful custody.
Farragut came with his fleet, and a land force, under Gordon
Granger, was sent by General Canby, who came in person. July
8th a consultation between the Admiral and the twTo Generals decided
upon investing Fort Gaines. The fleet was to cover the landing of
a force on Dauphin's Island, and the 4th of August was finally fixed
as the time.
294 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
On that day our fleet, hvmly-six Bail, including three monitors-
two double and one single turrets— and an iron-clad double-ender
commenced closing in their lines southeast of Fort Morgan, as if
intending to gather about Fort Gaines. Under the darkness of the
preceding night < Granger's force of about 4,000 having been placed on
Dauphin's Island, kept up a fire upon Gaines as though it was meant
to be assailed by land and sea. The Admiral lashed his vessels two
abreast, and on the morning of the 5th steamed up the main chan-
nel, opening fire forty-seven minutes past six. Then ensued a fear-
ful fight. The heavy guns of the forts opened upon the ships — the
Tecumseh was torn by a torpedo, reeled, staggered and went down,
carrying into the depth most of her gallant crew. The fleet pressed
steadily onward, and passed the forts a little before 8 o'clock. The
ram Tennessee made a fruitless attack upon the flag-ship Hartford,
and our vessels rushed upon the rebel gunboats. The Selma was
captured by the Metacomet, and the Morgan and Gaines compelled
to seek shelter under the guns of Fort Morgan, the latter was run
down and destroyed, while the Morgan got into Mobile. The iron
ram, the Tennessee, now made a rush for the flag-ship. Commander
Strong struck it with the full weight of the Monongahalia, carried
away the iron prow and cut-water of his ship, doing the rebel no
perceptible harm. Captain Marchand dashed the Lackawanna upon
it full speed, crashing planking and timbers, but only rasing the rebel
craft slightly. The Hartford now drove upon the Tennessee, but the
wary pilot shifted the helm, and the blow was a glancing one, but as
the vessels crashed past each other the Hartford delivered her port-
broadside of nine-inch solid shot within ten feet of her adversary's
casemate. Our monitors came up, and worked slowly, delivering
their fire as they could, while a shot from the Manhattan broke the
rebel armor, and penetrated the wooden backing. The Hartford and
Lackawanna, making for the enemy, came in contact, seriously injur-
ing the former, but they soon cleared, and again bore down upon the
Tennessee, which was in a strait place. The Chickasaw was strik-
ing constantly upon the stern, the Ossipee was coming up under full
head of steam, three other huge ships were bearing down upon her,
her smoke-stack and steering chains were gone, compelling the resort
to her relieving tackles, and several of her port-shutters were badly
MOBILE BAT OURS. 295
jammed. From the time she received the desperate rush of the
Hartford she had not fired a gun. Longer resistance was vain, the
white flag was raised ; the Ossipee stopped her engines, but
could not he checked so as to prevent "striking a glancing
blow.
It was a severe and sanguinary fight, and Farragut lost more men
from the Tennessee and the gunboats than from the heavy fire of the
batteries. It was another demonstration of the strength of vessels
of that class. Admiral Buchanan was wounded in the leg, and him-
self and Commodore Johnston surrendered. Admiral Farragut
lashed himself to the mast, and thus directed the fight.
Fort Powell surrendered on the 7th ; Fort Gaines followed, and
the channel was ours. Fort Morgan held out, and on the 21st
Granger notified Admiral Farragut that he would be ready to open
fire early the next morning. Accordingly the fleet took position in
order of battle, a rain of shot and shell poured upon the fort. During
the shelling the citadel was fired, and the enemy unable to extinguish
the flames was compelled to flood his magazine with water, to throw
vast quantities of powder into the wells.
The following morning General Page sent a flag o£ truce to
Granger asking for terms of capitulation. After consulting with
the Admiral unconditional surrender was demanded and conceded.
General Page acquired deserved odium by destroying property after
the surrender. By this important and brilliant success we virtually
secured the important city of Mobile and its harbor, a large number
of excellent guns, 1,500 prisoners, and sealed Mobile Bay against
the blockade runners of " neutral powers."
A number of minor expeditions were successfully undertaken in
this department.
Mobile was not taken, but its time was at hand. We will antici-
pate somewhat its order, and give the account of its capture. Grant
ordered a demonstration against Mobile to keep occupied a large
rebel force in Alabama, and prevent it moving to reinforce General
Lee. Canby commenced his operations March 20th. Light-draft
vessels had been gathered in Mobile Bay to assist the troops. A. J.
Smith took his veterans from Gaines' Fort to Fish River, where he
was joined by Granger with the old scarred 13th Corps, brought
29G PATRIOTISM OP iii.i.Nmis.
from Fori Mor in. Two forts obstructed the passage of the gun-
to the eity — the Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely. The Sp
Fort was to be first attacked, the navy to engage the water batteries,
the land forces the rear works. Heavy siege guns were brought, and
the bombardment opened on the 4th of April.
On the s!li a furious bombardment was made, and continued for
three hours, oui- lire telling with fearful precision. At 3 P. M. two
Of Carr's brigades made their way rapidly to the ramparts, scaled
them amid shouts of exultation, carried 300 yards of the works, made
themselves secure, and waited for daylight to "go in?" but the
admonished garrison capitulated at 1 A. M., the same day thai I.
surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia.
These brigades comprised some of the best regiments from Illinois.
Says Colonel Howe, '-The 81st and 124th were in the 3d Brigade,
3d Division, |16th Army Corps. Their guns were first to wake up
the enemy at Mobile, and it was this brigade that led in the despe-
rate charge on Spanish Fort on the 8th of April."
The scarred V2d was in the other brigade. The 33d was also
engaged.
On the same day General Steele assaulted Fort Blakely. As the
orders for the assault were being read a dispatch announced Lee's
surrender. The effect was magical. The gallant men went forward
gaily, removed obstructions under a galling fire, and among bur-l-
ing torpedoes. The way clear, they crossed the ditch, Scaled a id
carried the works in front, while Rinnekin and Gilbert turned the
right, and entered the fort about the same time. White and colored
troops vied in this assault. Our loss was near 1,000; the enemy
Buffering much less. We captured 3,300 prisoners, 4,000 stand of
arms and 32 pieces of artillery.
The navy worked its way toward the city, through a channel
sown with torpedoes. On the 12th, as our column moved to invest
the city, its evacuation was announced.
To the 8th Illinois Infantry, as having been first to mount the
works of Fort Blakeley, and plant upon them our nationol colors, it
was accorded the honor ot marching first into Mobile. A soldier's
letter from that regiment says, " Which was done on the 12th of
April, about 3 P. M. We were greeted with cheers and welcomed
Wilson's raid. 297
at every point by a majority of the citizens. They all express sur-
prise and satisfaction at the marked good behavior of the Union
troops. The 8th and 28th Illinois, and 29th Wisconsin, are on duty
in and around the city." The 58th Illinois and 117th participated in
the same charge.
Our less in capturing the city was 2,000 men, two heavy iron-
clads, one tin-clad, and one transport. Admiral Thatcher, who com-
manded the fleet, reported 400 guns captured.
A raid of much importance was almost overlooked in the excite-
ment of the great events of the closing months of the war. We
give it in the language of the Lieutenant -General's official report.
It refers to General Wilson's raid :
" The expedition, consisting of 12,500 mounted men, was delayed
by rains until March 22d, when it moved from Chickasaw, Alabama.
On the first of April General Wilson encountered the enemy in force,
under Forrest, near Ebenezer Church, drove him in confusion, cap-
tured 300 prisoners, and three guns, and destroyed the' Central
Bridge over the Cahawba river. On the 2d he attacked and cap-
tured the fortified city of Selma, defended by Forrest, with 7,000
men and thirty-two guns, destroyed the arsenal, armory, navy foun-
dcry, machine shops, vast quantities of stores, and captured 3,000
prisoners. On the 4th he captured and destroyed Tuscaloosa. On
the 10th he crossed the Alabama river, and after sending informa-
tion of his operations to General Canby, marched on Montgomery,
which place he occupied on the 14th, the enemy having abandoned
it. At this place many stores and five steamboats fell into our
hands. Then a force marched direct on Columbus, and another on
West Point, both of which places were assaulted and captured on
the 16th. At the former place we got 1,500 prisoners and fifty-two
field guns, destroyed ten gun-boats, the navy yard, founderies,
arsenal^ many factories, and much public property. At the latter
place we got 300 prisoners, four guns, and destroyed nineteen loco-
motives and three hundred cars. On the 20th he took possession of
Macon, with sixty field guns, 1,200 militia, and five generals, sur-
rendered by Howell Cobb."
This is one of the most successful and gigantic raids known to>
history, and had it not happened at a time when great victories
298 PATRIOTISM OF II.LINOI8.
wi'iv of constant occurrence, it would have set the nation ablaze
with excitement.
A few weeks later < May 11th, Wilson's oommand captured the
arch-rebel, Jeff. Davis, attempting to escape; Colonel Piitchard,
of the 4th Michigan Cavalry, surprising hia encampment and seizin;.:
him and Postmaster General Reagan.
We close this chapter with a sad record. The fact that our cap-
tured soldiers were subjected to the grossest indignities, and most
unheard of sufferings, was early brought to the attention of our gov-
ernment, but all efforts to right the cruel wrong were abortive. It
seemed to be the cool, fiendish policy of the rebel authorities to ren-
der our men unfit for duty when exchanged. They were reduced by
slow starvation to the verge of death — some, alas many, beyond it.
Andersonville, Millen, Columbia, Florence, Salisbury, Danville,
Libby Prison, &c, have ghastly records, and thousands yet living
can neve,r remember them without a sickening shudder. At Ander-
sonville, Georgia, the treatment was diabolical. Sherman's march
demonstrated that the land abounded with food, and yet cur brave
men died there by thousands for want of food, rotten with scurvy,
prey to venom, shot, beaten — but we will not write the enormities
only too clearly proven. The camp, near dense forests, yet no shelter
from the Southern sun, was permitted either to strong or weak.
Twenty acres were enclosed within the stockade, and in the center
was -a " dismal swamp," and here a score and a half thousand of our
citizens, sons and brothers, were shut in at once. S<>me courted
death by crossing the dead line, some sank into idiocy or went raving
mad, some attempted escape, and were hunted down with blood-
hounds. The depraved villain, Captain Wirz, was tried, and upon
sentence of a military court, hanged for his barbarism in coolly tortur-
ing prisoners to death. That was well, but the "Southern gentle-
men " who sat in the Presidential and Cabinet chairs of the Con-
federacy, and commanded its armies, were far more guilty than Wirz,
their miserable tool.
We append a r.ccord of the soldiers from this state, known to have
died in this horrible prison — died true to their country, for they
would not have life at the cost of the loss of truth and fealty. The
' list comprises those who died from March 7, 1864, to January 1,
ANDERSON VILLE DEAD. 299
1865, and was carefully copied from the death-register, by N.
Rice Grevelle, of Company I, 6th Illinois Cavalry, while he was in
the hospital at that place. The list comprises all the Illinois men
who died there within the dates named. The name, company, regi-
ment, date of death, and number of/grave of each is given :
MARCH.
DATE. NAME AND REGIMENT. NO. OF QRAVB.
7th. Corporal M. R. Kell, D, 49th infantry, 18
8th. Charles W. Prestoy, M, 8th cavalry 23
15th. William Tunlee, D, 16th cavalry 46
16th. Charles Myres, B, 16th cavalry 50
17th. Thomas McLarry, L, 16th cavalry 56
17th. W. Hake, E, 16th cavalry * 63
19th. David Hill. A, 36th infantry 67
19th. Philip Zolam, I, 44th infantry 72
19th. James Kimball, L, 2d artillery 82
21st. William Horseman, I, 16th cavalry 89
21st. Gustavus Will, E, 16th cavalry 90
25th. John Kunkle, G, 16th cavalry 158
26th. A. P. Polk, G, 112th infantry ...*'. 161
27th. H. Hannah, C, 107th infantry 187
28th. Levi Eadley, H, 26th infantry 209
28th. C. Errickson, M, 16th cavalry 214
30th. William Collin, G, 93d infantry 257
APRIL.
1st. Joseph Neal, K, 16th cavalry 283
2d. William Newbury, M, 2d artillery .' 299
2d. John Cole, E, 112th infantry 300
2d. Sergeant Erastus Rudd, K, 100th infantry 306
2d. Jaf. Sipple, E, 107th infantry 309
3d. John Harlee, E, 65tb infantry 318
4th. George W. Devars, B, 21st infantry 352
4th. Andrew Davis, A, 112th infantry 356
4th. George B. Sweet, L, 7th cavalry 362
5th. A. Metcham, E, 92d infantry 381
6th. James Penny, D, 14th cavalry 393
6th. John Kign, E, 22d infantry 396
6th. Corporal W.Phillips, L, 16th cavalry 410
7th. J. Belisky, D, 16th cavalry 411
8th. Sergeant A. D. Matheny, 1, 79th infantry 429
8th. Louis Frass, E, 16th cavalry 432
8th. Edward Nashen, A, 65th infantry 438
9th. Albert Cault, A, 116th infantry 446
11th. George B. Fuller, D, 123d infantry 497
12th. George Taylor, M, 16th cavalry 502
300 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
DATS. liU AN!' XO. Of GRAVE.
12th. A. B. Clark, I. L6th cavalry
12th. William Sweet, B, B9th infantry 505
18th. W. B Barr, E, 1 12th infantry 520
18th. B. J. Rol .. G, 103d infantry.. 628
i:;th. John Fowlej, D, 19th infantry r»::i
14th. Martin 7an Buren Trailer, I, 16th cavalry 549
16th. Hospital Steward, John Garvin, 57th infantry 579
19th. George Byres, B, 65th infantry 62G
20th. Thomas Jones, E, 112th infantry 644
20th. John Krebs, K, 16th cavalry C52
22d. J. Cairo!!, II, 5th cavalry GC6
23d. David Khnchans, G, 65th infantry 685
23d. B. McShane, K, 80th infantry 692
23't. D. Kiuderman, D, 82d infantry 696
25th. N. Hilderbrand, G, 24lh infantry 725
26th. Benjamin Weeks, L, 16th cavalry 742
26th. O. Podoers, A, 12th infantry 747
26th. L. Trowbridge, M, 16th cavalry 751
28th. George Greaves, K, 16th cavalry 783
30th. Joseph Taylor, F, 4th cavalry 809
30th. J. Morris, IT, 15th infantry •. 816
MAY.
8d. S. L. Stine, G, 41st infantry 855
3d. Thomas B. Mason, B, 93d infantry 863
8th. Sergeant P. Manty, E, 16th cavalry 953
8th. Thomas Lee, E, 8th infantry 963
9th. C. Basting, B, 47th infantry 977
10th. Louis Wink, C, 16th cavalry 989
10th. A. Wheelock, H, 96th infantry 992
10th. J. C. Ramsey, B, 27th infantry 1,011
11th. Frank Lowry, E, 65th infantry 1,017
11th. J. Stegall, L, 16th cavalry 1,018
11th. Ross Voriss, I, 16th cavalry 1,026
11th. Thomas Bales, M, 2d artillery 1,064
12th. R. Woodcock, L, 16th cavalry 1,042
loth. James Freemont, B, 7th cavalry 1,055
18th. II. C. Maxen, II, 19th infantry 1,061
14th. James Vaughn, I, 16th cavalry . 1,078
14th. W. Hicks, D, 85th infantry 1,102
15th. C. Dorwin, I, 16th cavalry 1,103
15th. John Wimcr, I, 16th cavalry 1,130
16th. D. Herbert, C, 84th infantry 1,136
16th. Fred. Purcer, A, 27th infantry 1,143
17th. W. P. Henry, A, 23d infantry 1,162
18th. W. Coddington, I, 93d infantry 1,198
ANDERSONYILLE DEAD. 301
DATB. NAME AND REGIMENT. NO. OF GRAVE.
19th. M. Kcefe, M, 2d artillery 1,214
20th. George Bender, C, 12th cavalry 1,230
20th. Henry Laws, G, 93d infantry 1,233
20th. William Ilallay, II, 92d infantry 1,241
21st. J. Aldrich, L, 16th cavalry 1,264
23d. T. Rudd, L, 16th cavalry 1,294
23d. Corporal W. E. Lee, I, 16th cavalry 1,297
23d. J. M. Dobin, H, 3d cavalry 1,314
23d. J. McCluskcy, K, 16th cavalry 1,315
23d. J. Morris, K, 66th infantry 1,320
24th. G. H. Setters, 38th infantry 1,323
24th. W. W. McMullen, 112th infantry 1,337
24th. P. German, G, 24th infantry 1,340
24th. J. Dowdiss, K, 16th cavalry 1,343
24th. P. Galiger, C, 21st infantry 1,347
27th. P. Myers, F, 24th infantry 1,407
27th. J. S. Johnson, C, 7th infantry 1,412
27th. N. D. Gibson, K, 93d infantry 1,416
28th. R. C. Allen, I, 17th infantry 1,423
28th. W. H. Massey, D, 111th infantry 1,428
28th. IT. H. Doran, I, 78th infantry 1,441
28th. Sergeant A. Martin, L, 16th cavalry 1,444
29th. J. Luty, H, 23d infantry 1,456
31st. J. Gillgers, I, 16th cavalry 1,499
31st. B. Whitmore, D, 16th cavalry 1,496
31st. W. B. Pierce, H, 8th cavalry 1,506
JUNE.
1st. H.J. O'Daniels, A, 9th infantry 1,533
3d. Victor Scitz, L, 16th cavalry 1,573
3d. H. Bruternier, M, 7th cavalry 1,578
4th. H. C. Budwell, D, 38th infantry 1,603
4th. H. Richards, I, 79th infantry 1,616
4th. William McCreadey, C, 96th infantry 1,617
4th. Sergeant C. Pranock, K, 79th infantry 1,619
4th. B. McLaughlin, I, 90th infantry 1,634
4th. John Stillwell, I, 38th infantry 1,640
4th. J. V. Giles, H, 39th infantry 1,652
6th. Ed. Shawbach, E, 44th infantry 1,661
6th. Corporal L. Blanchard, D, 16th cavalry 1,665
6th. M. Springer, E, 112th infantry 1,667
6th. Sergeant H. F. Brewer, C, 24th infantry 1,669
6th. B. Linday, H. 57th infantry 1,685
6th. L. Whitmore, I, 104th infantry 1,699
8th. F. Stark, H, 79th infantry 1,718
8th. J. W. Dowd, G, 38th infantry 1,727
002 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
DATI. HAMK AND ItratMBNT. "O- <>' CRAVE.
8lh. A. .1. Bemort, II, L12th infantry 1,729
9th. B. W. JordOD, D,84th infantry 1,784
9th. John Bitter, I, 18th cavalry 1,777
10th. Gharlei Seeley, 0, 41th infantry 1,787
10th. Silas Roger*, D, 65th infantry 1,807
10th. John Kyser, I, 32d infantry 1,809
10th. F. Brandeger, K, 21th infantry 1,815
10th. Corporal J. Linebarger, F, 16th infantry 1,818
loth. .1. Temple, II, 100th infantry 1,825
10th. D. W. Darling, B, 23d infantry 1,826
lltli. F. Castle, E, 103d infantry 1,844
11th. E. II. Jenning, F, 79th infantry 1,845
11 tli. F. Glide well, K, 73d infantry 1,850
11th. W. Hcgcnbeig, F, 24th infantry 1,852
12th. T. Pollard, H, 127th infantry 1,862
12th. J. Gillmore, I, 16th cavalry 1,868
12th. J. Bcal, F, 78th infantry 1,870
13th. E. D. T. Sharp, A, 89th infantry 1,899
13th. P. P. Casey, G, 13th infantry :.. 1,902
13th. J. Hester, C, 38th infantry. 1,906
14th. E. Trout, F, 21st infantry 1,915
11th. F. O'Dean, F, 78th infantry 1,921
15th. J. E. Boyd, B, 84th infantry 1,971
15th. W. W. Crandell, A, 93d infantry 1,974
15th. F. Miller, M, 2d artillery 1,975
15th. E. Ilartness, B, 39th inlantry 1,980
15th. P. Blors, A, 21st infantry 1,983
15th. M. Sadler, G, 27th infantry 2,000
16th. W. Bought, H, 24th infantry 2,015
16th. A. Furlough, B, 23d infantry 2,021
16th. J. Crewin, D, 79th infantry 2,032.
16th. II. Coalman, M, 16th cavalry, 2,048
16th. W. Martmay, K, 16th cavalry 2,051
17th. W. W. Roberts, I, 16th cavalry 2,074
17th. J. French, B, 129th infantry 2,080
17th. J. R. Meissrcs, C, 116th infantry 2,097
17th. J. J. Hook, E, 98th infantry 2,098
18th. II. Fitzgerald, I, 10th Cavalry 2,129
18th. F. Jewitt, A, 14th infantry 2,135
19th. W. Grace, D, 21st infantry 2,164
19th. C. Sows, A, S2d infantry 2,165
19th. C. Neher, F, 16th cavalry 2,177
19th. George Kreanier, C, 24th infantry 2,179
19th. W. Hart, K, 16th cavalry 2,002
20th. P. Fitz, C, 38th infantry 2,210
20th. William Erich, H, 9th infantry 2,211
ANDERSON VILLE DEAD.. 303
DATE. HAMB AND REGIMENT. KO. OF GRAVE.
20th. F. Farmer, A, 27th infantry 2,230
20th. W. Dcetreman, E, 44th infantry 2,231
20th. A. Joyce, D, 90th infantry 2,241
20th. T. Colborn, G, 16th cavalry 2,224
21st. J. Elston, E, 112th infantry 2,245
21st. W. Crawford, K, 16th cavalry » 2,253
21st. J. II. Miller, I, 31st infantry 2,257
aiBt. L. Lowdcn, F, 65th infantry 2,258
21st. Christensian, I, 16th cavalry 2,287
22d. W. G. Ileaward, I, 16th cavalry 2,329
22d. M. Crane, E, 23d infantry , 2,329
23d. John Lusk, B, 29th infantry 2,342
23d. Hv. Dincks, C, 89th infantry 2,365
23d. Sergeant M. Brinkuf, L, 16th cavalry 2,367
24th. J. Zimmerman, 1st artillery 2,391
24th. Allison, B, 21st infantry 2,400
24th. A. Thomas, H, 16th infantry 2,425
24th. John Thompson, L, 16th cavalry 2,453
26th. W. Deuhart, K, 16th cavalry 2,497
26th. William Grogan, B, 66th infantry 2.501
26th. R. Filer, K, 11th infantry 2,502
26th. H. Stansfield, H, 90th infantry 2,532
26th. H. Morey, M, 16th cavalry 2,539
27th. M. Ryan, A, 89th infantry 2,057
27th, D. Forney, G, 93d infantry 2,564
27th. Thomas J. Jones, I, 16th cavalry 2,567
27th. A. C. Sharp, A, 22d infantry 2,570
28th. Corporal N. Slosher, E, 96th infantry 2,585
28th. N. Rodenbarger, C, 96th infantry 2,596
28th. Corporal F. Babcock, G, 44th infantry. 2,598
28th. P. Hanna, C, 21st infantry 2,605
28th. A. E. Perkins, A, 89th infantry 2,621
28th. J. W. Wright, C, 35th infantry , 2,634
29th S M. Harrington, A, 112th infantry 2,633
29th. Sergeant F. Meritt, F. 89th infantry 2,637
29th. J. Morehead, E, 9th infantry 2,646
29th. I. Shaw, E, 89th infantry 2,467
29th. H. Jackson, C, 51st infantry 2,658
2Sth. P. Durrand, E, 35th infantry 2,666
30th. George Hart, K, 16th cavalry. 2,677
JULY.
1st. M. Colburn, I, 73d infantry 2,753
2d. 0. 0. Curry, D, 106th infantry 2,758
2d. A. Marshall, H, 96th infantry 2,762
Sd. Thomas Han-.es, M, 14th cavalry 2,825
304:
I 4.TRTOTI8M OF ILLINOIS.
DATE. RAMI AM> KIOtlCIHT, NO. Or ORATB.
3d. D. Mulkey, D, B9th infantry 2,834
3d. C . , H, 8£d infantry 2,836
4 th. James Dooley, L, 16th cavalry. 2,867
4 tli. J. B. Baglfiy, D, 2 1st infantry 2,890
4th. John Baker, B, B9th infantry 2,892
J II Blacl, E, 21st infantry 2,906
5th. J. Brockhiller, M, 4th cavalry 2,927
Oth. I). Coo vert, F, 78th infantry 2 933
5th. <;. W. Evans, C, 103d infantry 2^936
5th. H. Guadley, A, 24th infantry 2;942
6th. B. V. Joy, I, 16th cavalry 2 972
6th. M. Wahl, I, 16th cavalry ; 2,964
7th. W. Jones, D, 27th infantry 2,990
7th. W. R. Mulford, 23d infantry 2^993
7th. O. Boorcm, B, 64th infantry 3,008
8th. E. Tucker, B, 38th infantry 3,032
8th. J. M. Ralston, I, 79th infantry 3,039
8th. H. MeCuine, 0, 13th infantry 3,050
9th. I. Bartrinder, G, 65th infantry 3,056
9th. D. Powell, K, 16th cavalry 3,058
9th. A. Topp, C, 19th infantry 3,064
9th. M. Whalin, B, 23d infantry 3,067
9th. C. II. Myres, F, 24th infantry 3,080
Oth. D. McCampbell, B, 104th infantry 3,100
9th. B. Greenwall, L, 16th cavalry 3,111
10th. J. W. Dudley, F, 89th infantry 3,123
10th. H. Miller, F, 92d infantry 3,139
11th. Benjamin MeLin, E, 23d infantry 3,169
12th. W. Chinni worth, G, 9th infantry 3,205
12th. J. W. Howell, F, 78th infantry 3,211
13th. E. Williams, D, 49th infantry 3,254
13th. B. Morris, F, 8th cavalry 3,203
13tb. George Votter, C, Oth infantry 3,271
14th. J. Bathrick, A, 1st cavalry 3,275
14th. G. Mead, H, 19th infantry 3,279
14th. Thomas Baker, M, 16th cavalry 3,308
14th. J. Iverson, I, 16th cavalry 3,312
14th. John Benstecl, H, 27th infantry 3,345
15th. R. Erssdrower, F, 74th infantry 3,373
15th. 0. Garron, II, 38th infantry 3,393
1 5th. F. F. Parsley. E, 120th infantry 3,408
16th. J. Powers, C, 44th infantry 3,422
17th. L. McEntyre, K, 16th cavalry 3,470
17th. C. Schnoler, H, 24th infantry 3,490
18th. D. Reed, n, 26th infantry 3,496
18th. N. Perry, B, 1st cavalry 3,553
ANDERSONVILLE DEAD. 305
DATE. NAME AND REGIMENT. HO. OF GRAVE.
18th. C. Carl, H, 38th infantry 3,556
19th. F. Barssley, E, 16th cavalry 3,603
19th. W. (Mown, G, 9th infantry 3,609
20th. J. V. Corwin, L, 6th cavalry 3,677
21st. J. Jarvis, K, 73d infantry 3,680
21st. James Workman, G, 7th infantry 3,696
21st. John Babbitt, K, 7th infantry .- 3,709
21sti J. E. Brookman, I, 44th infantry 3,717
21st. P. Gulk, B, 79th infantry 3,730
21st. J. Werner, G, 74th infantry 3,743
22d. G. Place, F, 44th infantry 3,764
22d. P. Bailey, B, 38th infantry 3,783
23d. W. Beckhold, G, 16th infantry 3,809
23d. J. Hoffman, I, 7th cavalry 3,825
23d. P. Barclay, I, 42d infantry 3,829
23d. G. W. Dodd, F, 21st infantry 3,834
23d. John Adlet, K, 119th infantry 3,840
23d. M. O'Coner, F, 2d cavalry 3,847
24th. F. M. Fruck, G. 21st infantry 3,854
24th. J. Corwin, K, 7th cavalry 3,850
24th. A. Curtis, D, 16th infantry 3,877
24tb. R. J. Charles, M, 5th cavalry 3,907
25th. F. S. Whamer, G, 21st infantry 3,910
25th. J. R. Malcolm, K, 38th infantry 3,935
25th. James Brett, K, 88th infantry 3,940
25th. N. Mills, K, 11th infantry 3,955
26th. D. Freeman, L, 16th cavalry 4,031
26th. H. Davis, A, 38th infantry 4,048
26th. J. Martin, K, 9th infantry 4,071
27th. E. Haggard, K, 16th cavalry 4,694
28th. D. Ottway, A, 8th cavalry 4,125
28th. S. A. Jackards, E, 29th infantry 4,132
28th. John Shuby, G, 42d infantry 4,135
28th. W. Davis, M, 16th cavalry 4,150
28th. A. Lee, B, 112th infantry 4,172
29th. S. F. Gibson, I, 78th infantry 4,201
29th. H. F. Gooles, B, 47th infantry 4,203
29th. R. B. Dodson, B, 6th cavalry 4,207
29th. J. Branch, C, 38th infantry 4,259
30th. H. Spangler, L, 16th cavalry 4,283
30th. J. Burrows, L, 9th cavalry 4,299
30th. H. Kappel, H, 30th infantry 4,318
30th. J. Black, A, 31st infantry 4 315
30th. S. C. Chitwood, M, 16th cavalry 4,319
31st. C. Wentworth, D, 27th infantry 4,353
81st, H. Rosecrans, A, 113th infantry 4,389
20
806 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
DATK. WiMM Ul HKGIMKNT. NO. OF GRAVB.
31st. Ed. Dennis, B, 79th infantry 4,422
81st. P. Swanasn, K, 9th cavalry 4,442
AUGUST.
1st. H. B. Robinson, B, 6th cavalry 4,460
1st. J. Terry, M, 16th cavalry fc 4,466
1st. Sergeant J. Getcham, G, 16th cavalry 4,485
1st .1. Hill, G, 9th cavalry 4,489
1st. T. Bwery, K, 22d infantry 4,502
1st. M. Miller, C, 16th cavalry 4,575
2d. II. Scuisser, G, 64th infantry 4,524
2d. J. Monreal, G, 21st infantry 4,526
2d. J. Grcathouse, I, 6th cavalry 4,560
2d. J. Peck, G, 21st infantry 4,573
2d. B. F. Heistand, D, 92d infantry 4,583
3d. W. Spragan, H, 8th cavalry 4,598
3d. J. B. Decker, C, 119th infantry 4,608
3d. M. Batdorf, H, 93d infantry 4.618
3d. H. Medler, I, 38th infantry 4,678
3d. W. Smith, M. 16th cavalry, 4,659
3d. James Dalby, H, 73d infantry 4,663
4th. S. B. Mixell, F, 38th infantry 4,680
4th. J. Covey, I, 38th . 4,683
4th. Ira Krahl, H, 16th cavalry. 4,700
4th. S. W. Stopes, E, 89th infantry 4,724
4th. M. McMahon, E, 93d 4,725
4th. D. W ilson, M, 1 6th cavalry 4,737
-4th. J. O. Kcefe, M, 2d artillery 4,743
5th. A. Kreiggc, C, 13th infantry 4,766
6th. A. McCray, D, 103d infantry 4,850
6th. George Ferry, G, 89th infantry 4,853
6th. R. B. Severn, I, 112th infantry 4,872
6th. T. II. SUlIwell, E, 79th infantry 4,878
6th. G. P. Cook,—, 16th 4,879
6th. C. Pierce, H, 16th cavalry 4,887
6th. P. Jows, G, 41st infantry 4,889
6th. J. Knight, IT, 9th infantry 4,908
7th. J. Winemiller, G, 56th infantry 4,941
7th. C. D. Edwards, K, 51st infantry 4,962
7th. Buckman, H, 16th cavalry 4,952
7th. J. Emerson, L, 16th cavalry 4,979
7th. C. A. Farnham, D, 51st infantry 4,991
8th. S. Huchins, A, 104th infantry 5,019
8th. "William Guyer, E, 72d infantry 5,025
8th. F. Myers, L, 16th cavalry 5,038
8th. A. 0. Bourn, C, 113th infantry 5,045
ANDEESONYILLE DEAD. 307
DATH. NAME AND REGIMENT. NO. OF GRAVE.
8th. R. R. Drake, H, 34th infantry 5,053
8th. James Hagarman, E, 16th cavalry 5,074
9th. William Clark, K, 14th cavalry , 5,143
9th. F. Wiley, M, 7th cavalry 5,158
9th. J. W. DeRue, E, 16th infantry 5,163
9th. W. Wise, H, 16th cavalry 5,183
10th. F. Hay worth, I, 7th cavalry 5,192
lOtb. A. Bennett, B, 16th infantry 5,242
10th. M. Wright, E, 57th infantry 5,255
11th. William McGee, D, 30th infantry 5,283
1 1 th. C. Y. Scybert, A, 39th infantry 5,350
12th. L. Madden, D, 96th 5,390
12th. S. Johnson, B, 100th infantry 5,395
12th. Corporal S. Myres, C, 25th infantry 5,432
12th. G. Burdiss, A, 89th 5,457
13th. W. Bouden, F, 9th infantry 5,475
13th. M. Sutten, M, 9th cavalry 5,515
13th. M. Kennedy, C, 38th infantry 5,518
13th. C. Puden, F, 12th infantry ' 5,541
14th. W. Colburn, G, 16th cavalry 5,597
14th! — Meyer, K, 24th infantry 5,608
14th. P. Wildberger, B, 6th cavalry 6,613
14th. W. Vox, E, 24th infantry 5,038
15th. J. Kerby, H, 96th infantry '. 5,701
1 5th. R. McComb, K, 16th cavalry 5,724
15th. C. Heede, F, 24th infantry 5,741
15th. E. Newby, A, 123d infantry 5,778
15th. A. Powell, C, 122d infantry 5,783
15th. J. Cline, T, 12th cavalry 5,787
16th. D. H. Howard, 79th infantry 5,812
16th. C. F. Barber, I, 112th infantry 5,848
16th. C. Akins, F, 78th infantry 5,876
16th. J. Pittijohn, F, 21st infantry 5,889
16th. William Watts, L, 16th cavalry 5,898
16th. W. A. Lanner, E, 9th cavalry 5,906
17th. J. M. Brown, B, 29th infantry 5,924
17th. K. Franklin, F, 81st infantry 5,933
17th. H. Burns, D, 10th cavalry 5,936
17th. E. Bourman, F, 123d infantry 5,943
17th. George Smith, E, 53d infantry 5,960
17th. F. Gruder, B, 16th cavalry 5,961
17th. John Rcdment, H, 112th infantry 5,968
17th. J. Brown, B, 73d infantry 5,978
17th. W. Eastman, F, 36th infantry 5,992
17th. J. F Whitney, G, 89tb infantry % 5,998
17th. Isaac M. Price, D, 79th infantry 6,007
308 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
DATK. NAMK ANI> IIRGIMKKT. NO. OF GIUVB.
18th. W. II. Hudson, C, 107th infantry 6,035
18th. W. Winters, II, 24th infantry 6,079
18th. J. 15. Robison, A, 79th infantry 6,080
18th. R. Huntley, F, 89th infantry 6,085
18th. J. Cotton, II, 100th infantry 6,091
18th. S. Payne, B, 88th infantry 6,095
18th. J. Olson, D, 89th infantry 6,098
18th. A. Schwartz, M, 7th cavalry 6,105
18th. E. L. Chase, C, 23d infantry 6,109
18th. J. Garng, F, 78th infantry 6,111
19th. J. Hanell, K, 120th infantry 6,113
19th. Peter Hoen, II, 112th infantry 6,117
19th. G. Weaver, L, J 6th cavalry 6,173
20th. Thomas Lewis, L, 2d cavalry 6, 238
20th. W. C. Bryant, A, 107th infantry 6,256
20th. W. Mee, H, 51st infantry 6,266
20th. 0. Fagan, G, 23d infantry 6,268
20th. F. Steward, I, 78th infantry 6,292
20th. John Likin, I, 112th infantry 6,295
20th. J. M. Paschall, A, 114th infantry 6,301
20th. W. J. Partrage, F, 30th infantry 6,303
21 st. II. Mariett, L, 16th cavalry 6,333
21st. C. Callagan, F, 39th infantry 6,356
21st. R. Mountz, B, 6th cavalry 6,402
22d. J. Rening, G, 6th cavalry 6,412
22d. A. Lindsay, D, 113th infantry 6,414
22d. H. brewer, F, 78th infantry 6,421
22d. G. W. Henson, C, 31st infantry 6,489
22d. F. Thompson, B, 10th infantry 6,491
22d. J. M. Campbell, G, 120th infantry 6,505
22d. J. McCreary, C, 119th infantry 6,513
22d. 0. B. Obevier, C, 112th infantry 6,519
23d. M. J. Graham, E, 44th infantry 6,617
23d. D. Bear, B, 93d infantry 6,644
24th. J. C. Harlan, L, 9th cavalry 6,684
24th. R. Cavit, D, 113th infantry 6,693
24th. A. Anderson, K, 19th infantry 6,710
24th. G. B. Jernagan, E, 30th infantry 6,730
24th. J. Corneliona, H, 9th cavalry 6,738
24th. Sergeant J. Crouse, I, 16th cavalry 6,749
25th. J. Waddle, C, 122d infantry 6,767
25th. — Oss, D, 89th infantry 6,774
25th. W. Kelley, I, 94th infantry 6,795
25th. T. Thompson, M, 2d cavalry 6,831
25th. W. Brown, G, 1st cavalry 6,836
25th. J. Christianson, F, 82d infantry 6,945
ANDERSONVILLE DEAD.- 309
DATB. NAME AND REGIMENT. KO. OP GRAVE.
26th. L. C. Nichols, F, 14th infantry 6,945
26th. John J. Coliers, B, 6th cavalry 6,971
2fith. A. Floyde, A, 9th cavalry 6,972
27th. W. E. Day, II, 111th infantry 7,013
27th. J. R. Carroll, I, 78th infantry 7,037
27th. J. Burns, K, 100th infantry 7,056
28th. F. Nugent, E, 108th infantry 7,086
28th. G. G. Thompson, M, 1st cavalry 7,128
28th. B. F. Demos, F, 78th infantry 7,150
29th. 0. Lambert, D, 38th infantry 7,155
29th. John Scheider, K, 44th infantry 7,163
29th. John Kelley, F, 7th 7,183
29th. J. F. Hall, C, 9th infantry 7,194
29th. N. H. Cole, A, 112th infantry 7,210
29th. George Rodgers, G, 16th cavalry 7,228
30th. J. A. Shields, E, 6th cavalry 7,270
30th. J. Ladrew, H, 110th infantry 7,299
30th. Joseph Shaw, D, 98th infantry 7,315
30th. K. Armstrong, A, 89th infantry 7,339
31st. B. D. Westbrook, B, 6th cavalry 7,42il
81st. W. Moran, C, 11th infantry 7,428
SEPTEMBER.
1st. L. H. Needham, K, 42d infantry 7,439
1st. F. Merz, K, 44th infantry 7,464
1st. E. K. Center, K, 115th infantry 7,502
1st. Joseph Denning, D, 31st infantry 7,514
2d. D. Schuam, A, 23d infantry 7,658
2d. J. H. Kearney, B, 6th cavalry 7,604
2d. C. Simpson, D, 14th infantry 7,630
3d. H. M. Peeter, C, 107th infantry 7,700
3d. B. B. Foster, G, 112th infantry.. 7,720
3d. D. Ritter, D, 14th artillery 7,748
3d. A. O'Donell, I, 34th infantry 7,751
4th. C. Clark, K, 51st infantry 7,760
4th. L. D. Vincent, G, 7th cavalry 7,765
4th. H. A. Linderman, B, 99th infantry 7,768
4th. J. Kingham, G, 38th infantry 7,807
4th. M. Green, C, 9th infantry 7,836
4th. G. A. Wilhelm, K, 11th infantry 7,840
4th. R. H. Kicholson, B, 123d infantry 7,847
5th. J. Olderfield, B, 6th cavalry 7,850
5th. J. W. Clancey, E, 38th infantry 7,868
6th. J. Wartuck, C, 93d infantry 7,895
6th. J. M. Lacost, E, 89th infantry 7,927
6th. F. Gore, I, 36th infantry 7,958
310 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
datr. tua and BBontun. NO. OF ORAVR.
6th. Jolin Puck, D, 122d 7,972
6tli. J. G. Cross, P, 21st infantry 7,882
6th. S. P. Giles, A, 112th infantry 7,988
6th. D. Mund, D, 8th infantry 7,989
7th. M. Eisenbach, D, 7th infantry 8,048
7th. J. Augustine, I, 100th infantry 8,049
7th. (I. W. Hicks, F, 65th infantry 7,8G8
7th. W. Somers, F, 40th infantry 7,079
7th. Ed. Elliont, B, 92d infantry 8,084
7th. W. Funks, F, 26th infantry 8,114
8th. B. Alexander, B, 123d infantry 8,127
8th. H. Newlan, A, 25th infantry 8,129
8th. H. Newbury, F, 22d infantry 8,166
8th. C. Dock, H, 9th cavalry 8,187
8th. B. Beikiser, F, 16th cavalry 8,188
8th. J. Lyman, D, 100th infantry 8,196
9th. B. Guides, B, 6th cavalry 8,220
9th. A. J. Foster, M, 16th cavalry 8,230
9th. F. Adrian, E, 9th cavalry 8,249
9th. J. Lidcy, I, 113th infantry 8,295
10th. H. Hicks, G, 11th infantry 8,303
10th. A. Williams, H, 22d infantry 8,310
10th. E. Klage, G, 20th infantry 8,348
10th. P. Albury, P, 22d infantry 8,381
10th. J. F. Sherwood, I, 16th cavalry 8,386
11th. H. F. Adams, E, 17th infantry 8,402
11th. E. H. Robinson, A, 30th infantry 8,410
11th. C. Owens, 120th infantry 8,414
11th. W. Herell, K, 14th cavalry '. S,428
11th. A. Storm, P, 89th infantry 8,451
11th. J. Barnett, I, 120th infantry 8,458
11th. W. Leaven, B, 115th infantry 9,464
12th. P. Lee, A, 16th infantry 8,524
12th. J. Striker, K, 11th infantry 8,539
12th. C. Pavis, E, 112th infantry 8,533
12th. A. Reed, I, 98th infantry 8,571
12th. M. A. Rankin, I, 3d cavalry 8,578
1 2th. J. W. nawkins, I, 79th infantry 8,608
13th. John Sullion, I, 16th cavalry 8,615
13th. G. Pake, P, 100th infantry 8,626
13th. J. Ripley, B, 9th infantry 8,632
14th. Charles Whipp, E, 9th cavalry 8,713
14th. P. Harshman, H, 84th infantry 8,715
14th. Henry Hill, 11th infantry 8,721
14th. M. Cleggitt, 1, 36th infantry • • 8,750
14th. P. Winning, C. 125th infantry • 8,755
ANDERSON VILLE DEAD. 311
DATS. NAME AND REGIMENT. NO. OF QBAVB.
14th. A. Barrett, D, 25th infantry 8,762
14 tli. J. Butten, A, 89th infantry 8,776
15th. G. Helch, K, 77th infantry 8,798
15th. A. Wood, G, 21st infantry 8,815
15th. A. Hill, C, 115th infantry .' 8,830
15th. F. J. Clark, B, 6th cavalry 8,834
1 5th. J. D. Cross, I, 14th cavalry 8,859
loth. S. F. Shark, D, 113th infantry 8,861
15th. J. Thorne, H, 16th cavalry 8,863
16th. D. Brathers, n, 48th infantry 8,911
16th. W. Brown, C, 16th infantry , 8,962
16th. J. Jones, E, 1 17th infantry 8,971
17th. J. H. Brown, F, 12th infantry 9,011
17th. E. M. Strong, B, 95th infantry 9,013
17th. J. C. Dyer, D, 30th infantry 9,037
17th. >. Puckett, E, 30th infantry 9,059
17th. C. Decker, M, 7th cavalry 9,073
18th. W. Spindler, F, 113th infantry 9,092
18th. J. Chatteuay, H, 82d infantry 9,095
18th-. 0. S. Otey, I, 21st infantry 9,106
18th. A. Marser, H, 24th infantry 9,145
18th. M. Jourdan, C, 38th infantry 9,153
18th. J. Whalen, F, 61st infantry. 9,184
1 8th. F. Moram, C, 89th infantry 9,1 87
18th. F. Miller, B, 16th infantry 9,188
19th. J. Horner, F, 38th infantry 9,214
19th. G. Walkei, K, 31st infantry 9,218
20th. S. Craig, I, 38th infantry 9,307
20th. J. F. Graber, D, 81st infantry 9,312
20th. J. Perry, G, 9th cavalry 9,313
20th. A. Weaver, A, 93d infantry 9,318
20th. G. H. Shadrack, C, 7th cavalry 9,322
20th. B. F Boyd, D, 6th cavalry 9,323
20th. C. Sene, D. 8th cavalry 9,325
20th. J. B. Sales, F, 14th infantry 9,345
21st. A. F. Brown, C, 73d infantry 9,350
21st. J. Graber, H, 24th infantry 9,398
21st. J. Johnson, H, 125th infantry 9,458
22d. J. Nelson, K, 93d infantry 9,531
23d. C. Clark, B, 29th infantry 9,560
23d. W. J. Bridges, F, 122d infantry 9,570
24th. L. G. Lawrence, G, 89th infantry 9,633
21th. G. Drum, F, 89th infantry 9,678
25th. W. Ellis, G, 26th infantry 9,703
25th. J. Craig, B, 23d infantry 9,704
25th. W. McWorthrup, G, 92d infantry 9,710
812 PA.TBXOTI8M OF ILLINOIS.
I)VT8. >.tVK ANI> RKOIMKNT. NO. OF CIlAVi;.
88th, .1. Rrbe, 0, 9th Infantry 9,717
B6tb. J. Atkinson, I>, l nh cavalry. 9,733
W. Ellison, I', nth cavalry 9,734
86th. C. lli\, C, 88d infantry 9,753
B5th. W. B McNiel, D, 78th infantry 9,763
86th. J. Will, B, 86th infantry 9,785
86th. M. Miller, A, 08d infantry 9,795
87th. .1. Butts, I', 23d infantry 9,824
87th. <i. W. Jones, B, 27th infantry 9,827
27th. J. Thuraan, E, 89th infantry 9,833
27th. .T. F. Fisher, P, L28d infantry 9,845
27th. A. F. Howson, F, 38th infantry 9,880
27th. J. Olson, K, 118th infantry 9,885
27th. W. Howls, K, 89th infantry 9,899
28th. B. Sawyer, C, 36th infantry 9,915
28th. M. Cleaves, II, Sd cavalry •. 9,924
88th, C. Gains, B, 20th infantry 9,925
28th. A. Chingburg, G, 89th infantry 9,935
28th. W. Anderson, C, 89th infantry 9,946
28th. A. Doun, A, 75th infantry 9,947
28th. D. L. Hews, H, 125th infantry 9,962
29th. J. Flanigan, II. 42d infantry 9,992
29th. J. Welch, E, 1st cavalry 10,001
29th. II. M. May, I, 89th infantry 10,019
29th. C. Capell, D, 82d infantry 10,026
29th. II. Tayder, I, 7th cavalry 10,036
29th. A. Olens, K, 108th infantry 10,042
SOth. II. Flanesly, I), 14th infantry 10,059
80th. 0. II. Haley, II, 22d infantry 10,061
80th. William Skinner, B, 16th infantry 10,082
30th. G. Welch, A, 95th infantry 10,085
30th. T. Craig, K, 9th infantry 10,087
30th. J. P. Fink, F, 53d infantry 10,090
OCTOBER.
1st. J. W. Dowde, K, 112th infantry 10,143
1st. J. B. Sickley, F, 96th infantry 10,148
1st. J. Sape, A, 125th infantry 10,178
1st. J. Q. Rofferty, 11, 6th cavalry. 10,184
3d. A. Anderson, E, 98th infantry 10,242
3d. E. Anthony, E, 3d cavalry 10,271
3d. D. J. Oinerie, E, 9th cavalry 10,279
4 th. M. Jackson, F, 123d infantry 10,287
4th. Hans Godard, G, 89th infantry 10,307
4th. C. Dresser, G, 24th infantry 10,384
5th. N. C. Thomburg, A, 79th infantry 10,347
ANDEESONVILLE DEAD. 313
DATE. NAME AND REOIMENT. NO. OF GRAVE.
5th. W. Schwartz, F, 44th infantry 10,359
5th. Corporal N. Butler, D, 89th infantry 10,362
6th. S. B. Lord, B, 112th infantry 10,405
6th. D. Thompson, K, 24th infantry 10,411
6th. T. Pyner, D, 89th infantry 10,412
6th. W. IT. Lansdon, A, 78th infantry 10,419
6th. J. Strand, II, 9th cavalry 10,440
7th. G. W. Harris, G, 9th cavalry 10,447
7th. Samuel Cheney, K, 79th infantry ' 10,459
7th. H. Grower, K, 42d infantry 10,466
7th. J. W. Osbourn, H, 9th cavalry 10,469
7th. T. Barnes, F, 135th infantry 10,480
8th. A. Downer, H, 24th infantry 10,496
8th. R. Lewis, K, 7th cavalry 10,508
8th. W. Farmingham, K, 14th cavalry 10,509
8th. L. Sandler, D, 19th infantry 10,512
8th. H. Justice, H, 7th cavalry 10,513
8th. J. Tanner, A, 7th cavalry 10,515
8th. J. Killbraith, A, 42d infantry 10,520
8th. G. Quinn, A, 52d infantry 10,531
9th. W. Choat, D, 6th cavalry 10,551
10th. A. A. Worthy, K, 21st infantry 10,582
10th. J. Butler, D, 88th infantry 10,586
10th. J. Gross, B, 20th infantry 10,594
10th. G. Davis, D, 113th infantry 10,603
10th. G. Hathaway, B, 15th cavalry 10,606
11th. B. Morbley, H, 48th infantry 10,645
11th. C. W. Benton, B, 29th infantry 10,653
11 tb. P. Slick, E, 9th infantry 10,663
11th. William Best, E, 88th infantry '. 10,681
11th. S. Stevens, D, 44th infantry 10,737
11th. L. Furguson, K, 115th infantry 10,740
12th. F. Rodes, G, 16th cavalry 10,751
12th. H. Alf, A, 89th infantry 10,762
1 2th. E. Bieiden, E, 35th infantry 10,763
12th. C. Yagle, B, 24th infantry ' 10,766
12th. C. F. Randall, I, 124th infantry 10,772
12th. J. W. Weidman, I, 38th infantry 10,785
12th. J. Bowman, D, 108th infantry 10,791
13th. A. Stine, H, 14th infantry 10,828
13th. J. S. Tucker, G, 8th cavalry * 10,832
13th. J. Smith, C, 14th cavalry 10,849
13th. D. O'Brien, C, 89th infantry 10,851
13th. N. P. Smith, G, 28th infantry 10,836
13th. N. J. Ford, I, 17th infantry 10,881
14th. J. Buckmaster, C, 79th infantry 10,882
314 PATRIOTISM 01 ILLINOIS.
DATE. Rim AND REGIMENT. NO. OF GRAVE.
Mih. I>. Price, K, I08d Infantry 10,893
14th. ML Leatuerman, B, 98th infantry 10,896
14th. <;. W. Williams, B, L5th infantry 10,899
11th. W. A. Barley, G, 21st 10,909
Mih. 0. W. Crelly, B, 29th 10,912
Mih. S. Mills, F, 14th oavalry 10,921
15th. .' •'. Darren, I, 112th infantry 10,961
15th. P. Smith, H, 114th infantry 10,975
15th. B. Atkins, 0, 9th oavalry 10,979
1 6th. A. Madrill, A, 12th infantry 10,982
10th. .'. Boyer, II, 1 ttfa infantry 10,984
16th. S. Parmer, A, 120th infantry 10,988
16th. J. Graal, 0, 51st infantry 10,998
17th. B. Scott, G, 28th infantry 11,077
18lh. E. L. Bodkia, D, 103d infantry 11,085
18th. D. Underwood, E, 11th infantry 11,091
19th. N. Hungerford, I, 108th infantry 11,140
19th. John Green, II, 23d infantry 11,155
19th. D. Ilmson, E, 39th infantry 11,188
20th. 0. Layson, C, 89th infantry 11,222
21st. C. Lewis, A, 79th infantry 11,258
22d. W. Ochley, K, 24th infantry 11,274
22d. 11 Bargeant, K, 14th infantry , 11,289
23d. G. R. Ward, E, 7th cavalry 11,845
23d. J. W. Haddock, A, 79th infantry 11,358
23d. J. Shcerlock, E, 89th infantry 11,859
24th. J. Grimm, F, 76th infantry 11,449
20th. V. Lineli, 0, 88th infantry 11,467
20th. W. Ross, F, 45th infantry 11,473
26th. G. W. Williams, F, 15th infantry 11,497
26th. J. Horpc, A, 100th infantry 11,506
27th. Fiskc, G, 65th infantry 11,541
27th. J. J. Frask, B, 7th cavalry 11,550
27th. G. H. Hall, B, 7th cavalry 11,592
29th. J. R. Mitchell, G, 89th infantry 11,617
29th. L. Waterman, D, 95th infantry 11,619
29th. J. McGivens, A, 119th infantry 11,623
30th. J. Beard, K, 14th infantry 11,652
30th. A. R. Butten, E, 79th infantry 11,068
31st. Hi B. Boyle, I, 14th infantry 11,078
NOVEMBER.
1st. W. Williams, C, 89th infantry 11,712
1st. H. H. Compton, K, 21st infantry 11,719
1st. J. Miller, C, 22d infantry 11,721
LBt. E. K. Harris, C, 79th infantry 11,725
ANDERSON 7ILLE DEAD. 315
DATE. NAME AND REGIMENT. NO. "OF GRAVE.
1st. W. Aron, M, 7th cavalry 11,72*7
1st. F. Boyle, B, 4th cavalry 11,729
2d. T. Welch, F, 24th infantry 11,751
3d. A. Alvord, G, 23d infantry 11,777
3d. Green George, D, 120th infantry 11,778
3d. G. S. Howard, K, 127th infantry 11,782
4th. IT. P Button, B, 100th infantry 11,795
4th. B. F. Sutter, L, 4tb cavalry 11,808
5th. Peter Hall, D, 105th infantry 11,833
5th. R. Hoffman, C, 35th infantry 11,847
6ht. O. L. Burton, I, 35th infantry 11,858
7th. P. Knoble, E, 108th infantry 11,891
7th. P. Munz, I, 14th infantry 11,900
8th. M. Beaver, B, 29th 1 1,917
8th. G. Bonser, F, 89th infantry ' 11,921
10th. B. McLaven, A, 89th infantry 11,952
11th. W. Haginus, G, 89th infantry 11,959
15th. S. See, G, 11th infantry 12,034
16th. V. Lance, D, 59th infantry 12,044
16th. H. C. Siebert, M, 7th cavalry 12,046
16th. F. Clir.es, E, 15th infantry 12,051
16th. H. Kane, A, 95th infantry 12,052
17th. C. Highland, C, 14th infantry 12,070
18th. R. S. Ward, C, 15th infantry 12,072
18th. F. Horn, A, 86th infantry 12,090
22d. C. Green, A, 79th infantry 12,116
23d. Stalholt-, H, 92d infantry 12,132
24th. A. Sharp, B, 7th cavalry 12,149
27th. J. B. Peterson, I, 112th infantry 12,179
'28th. C. Stonn, C, 96th infantry 12,190
DECEMBER.
4th. J. L. Hall, G, 89th infantry 12,223
12th. G. Langley, K, 14th infantry 12,270
19th. S. Delaney, D, 2d artillery 12,311
20th. H. C. Hall, D, 41st infantry 12,314
23d. F. Richardson, E, 34th infantry 12,324
27th. J. C. Cadding, B, 89th infantry. .' 12,348
28th. F. Parkhurst, H, 14th infantry. . , 12,356
29th. B. Buffington, F, 74th infantry 12,362
Number of patients admitted 17,460
Number of deaths 12,854
Remaining in hospital 886
Returned to quarters 3,730
Highest number of deaths, 127, August 23, 1864.
CHAPTER XIX.
* REGIMENTAL SKETCHES.
The Seventy-second — Batti.es of Franklin and Nashville — General Joseph
Stockton — The Seventy-fourth — What Hood Got — The Seventy-fifth — Its
Battles — The Seventy-sixth — Its Roster and History — The Seventy-ninth —
The Eightieth — Its Battles and Marches — The Eighty-first — Pursuit of Price
— The Eighty-second — Gettysburg — Colonel Frederic Hecker — General E. S.
Salomon — The Eighty-third — Defence of Fort Donelson — The Eighty-fourth —
The Eighty-sixth — The Atlanta Campaign — The Eighty-ninth — A Brllliant
Record — The Ninetieth — "The Irish Legion" — The Ninety-first — Service in
Texas.
T
SEVENTY-SECOND ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
HE following is the original roster of this (the First Board
of Trade) regiment ■
Colonel, F. A. Starring ; Lieutenant Colonel, Joseph C. Wright; Major, Henry W.
Chester; Adjutant, Ebenezer Bacon; Quartermaster, Benjamin W. Thomas; Sur-
geon, Edwin Powell ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, B. Durham, Jr. ; 2d Assistant Surgeon,
E. A. Beers ; Chaplain, Henry Barnes.
Co. A — Captain, Joseph Stockton ; 1st Lieutenant, George B. Randall ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William B. Gallaher.
Co. B— Captaiu, Jacob S. Curtis ; 1st Lieutenant, David W. Perkins; 2d Lieuten-
ant, D. W. Whittle.
Co. C — Captain, William James, Jr. ; 1st Lieutenant, Glen C. Ledyard ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Clifford Stickney.
Co. D — Captain, James A. Sexton ; 1st Lieutenant, Benjamin C. Underwood ; 2d
Lieutenant, Nathan C. Underwood.
Co. E — Captain, W. B. Holbrook ; 1st Lieutenant, H. C. Mowry ; 2d Lienteuant,
Porter E. Ransom.
Co. F — Captain, Isaiah II. Williams; 1st Lieutenant, George W.Colby; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Richard Pomcroy.
Co. G — Captain, H. D. French ; 1st Lieutenant, J. H. Smith ; 2d Lieutenant, J.
H. Bingham.
THE SEVENTY-SECOND INFANTRY. 317
Co. H — Captain, Edwin C. Prior ; 1st Lieutenant, J. W. Murray ; 2d Lieutenant,
Hezekiah Stout.
Co. I— Captain, J. W. Harvey ; 1st Lieutenant, Abner E. Barnes; 2d Lieutenant,
John W. Abbott.
Co. K — Captain, John Reid ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles Gladding; 2d Lieutenant,
Edwin Small.
This regiment was organized by the Board of Trade of Chicago.
Its enlistment rolls were first opened on the 23d of July, 1862, and
on the 23d day. of August — just one month from the first enlist-
ments— 1862, the regiment embarked on board the Illinois Central
Railroad cars for Cairo, where it remained imtil September 8th.
It then took boats to Paducah, Kentucky, where it arrived
September 9th, and was employed in post duty until the 17th, when
it again embai-ked for Columbus, Kentucky, and remained there
on post and picket duty until November 21st.
On that day the regiment started on the march for Vicksburg, but,
with the rest of the army, was obliged to retrace its steps, the cap-
ture of Holly Springs, Mississippi, having cut off the supplies. On
the 13th of March, 1863, the regiment again embarked to join in the
movement against Vicksburg. On the 16th of May, after march-
ing all day, it reached the battle-field of Champion Hills, just in
time to help turn the enemy's left flank, and send him flying from
the field. On the next day (17th) it was engaged at BlackRiver
bridge, and on the 19th it was the first to bring on the engage-
ment of that day at Vicksburg. May 22d it took part in the general
assault on the enemy's line around Vicksburg, and suffered severely.
From that time until July 4, 1863, the regiment took an active part
in the siege of Vicksburg, and was among the first troops to enter
the city after its* surrender.
Subsequently, the 72d participated in the capture of Natchez,
the battle of Benton, Mississippi, and General Slocum's expedition
to Port Gibson and Grand Gulf. On the 30th of November, 1864,
the regiment was engaged in the battle of Franklin, in which it suf-
fered severely, losing, in killed, wounded and taken prisoners, nine
officers and one hundred and fifty-two enlisted men, and where
Lieutenant-Colonel Stockton was severely wounded. On the 15th
of December it bore a conspicuous part in the battle of Nash-
318 PATBIOTIOM 01 n.i.iN"!-.
ville. Prom this point it moved to Eastport, Tennessee, and, :i
month Later, to New Orleans, where it arrived February 21st,
1865.
Thon followed the movemenl apon Mobile, in which it bore a
not animportanl part, sharing in tin- capture of Spanish Fort, and in
tin- Bnbsequeni < -:i | >i »n-c of Blakeley.
From Mobile the regiment marched to Montgomery, Alabama.
Remaining in camp at thai place until the 23d of May, it was
ordered on post duty at Union Springs, Alabama, forty-five miles
east of Montgomery, where it continued until July 19, 1865.
Having received orders to muster out of the service, it proceeded
to Vicksburg, Mississippi, via Montgomery and Selma, Alabama,
Meridian and Jackson, Mississippi, arriving there on the 1st of Au-
gust, and w as mustered out on the 13th, having participated in the
following engagements : Champion Hills, Big Black, Siege of Vicks-
burg, Benton, Franklin, Nashville, Spanish Fort, Fort Pillow, Clark-
son, Horn Lake Creek, Fort Pcmberton, St. Catherine's Creek,
Cross Bayou, Grand Gulf, Columbia, Spring Hill, Iuka and Cedar
Point, •
General Joseph Stockton was born at Pittsburg, August 10, 1833.
He was educated at Sewickley, Pa., and removed to Chicago in
1851. Here he was engaged in mercantile pursuits until the break-
ing out of the rebellion. He was mustered into the service as First
Lieutenant, and was the second man to sign the rolls of the Board
of Trade regiments — Adjutant Heafford being the first. General
S. rose by successive steps to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the regi-
ment, which post he held when the regiment was mustered out,
previous to which time he was brevetted a Brigadier-General for
meritorious service. •
SEVENTY-FOURTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
On page 397 et seq. of the first volume of this work, we have
given the roster of this regiment, and followed its record till the 1st
of September, 1864. After the retreat of the rebels from Jonesboro,
the 74th marched to Lovejoy's Station, and from thence went to
Atlanta and camped. On the 25th of September, Hood having
commenced his campaign north, the 2d division moved back to Chat-
THE SEVENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. 319
tanooga, where it remained till the 22d of November, when the
army began its retreat to Nashville, pursued by Hood, who, in an
order to his soldiers, said he was bound for h — 1 or Nashville. At
Spring Hill his advance cavalry came upon the 74th and 88th Illi-
nois, who were in the rear guard of Thomas' army, and was sent
back reeling. At Franklin, when the enemy broke our lines, these
two regiments charged forward and saved the day. On the 15th
and 16th of December, at the battle of Nashville, the 74th nobly did
its duty, the boys saying Hood got h — 1, but not Nashville. The
74th reached Chicago on the 14th of June, 1865, and was then mus-
tered out. When it left Rockford for the field, it numbered 936 men
and officers. It returned with 279, one-third of whom were re-
cruited during the last year of its service.
SEVENTY-FIFTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
In the first volume of this work [ p. 402 ] we have given the
original roster of this regiment, and followed its fortunes as far as
the commencement of Sherman's memorable march to the sea. At
this date (November 6, 1864), the 75th was attached to the 4th
Corps, which Sherman left at Gaylesville, when it proceeded to
Pulaski, Tennessee. The regiment was in the battle of Franklin,
and suffered severely. Then it went back to Nashville, where, on
the second day of the siege, it charged through an open cornfield on
the double quick for the distance of half a mile, driving out the
rebels. A second charge was made by the whole corps, by brigades
in echelon. The 75th was in the first charging line, and captured
223 prisoners, and large quantities of arms and camp equipage.
This was the last of its fighting. It went into quarters at Hunts-
ville on the 1 4th of April, moving via Rollin to Knoxville, and thence
to Greenville, where the news of the surrender was received, and the
regiment returned to Nashville. On the 15th of June, 1865, it
arrived at Chicago, where it was paid off and discharged.
The 75th started out with 868 men, and during its service recruited
nearly 200. It returned with 266 men and non-commissioned officers,
leaving 85 behind. Its Colonel was justly complimented with a com-
mission as Brevet Brigadier-General, and the regiment could point
to the following battles and skirmishes in which it had borne an
320 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
honorable part: IYrryville, Lancaster, Nolesville, Stone River,
Liberty Gap, Chickamaiuga, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ring-
gold, Buzzard's Roost, Franklin, Nashville, Rocky Face, Resaca,
Dallas, Pine Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, North Marietta, Siege
of Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy.
SEVENTY-SIXTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 76th regiment was raised in Kankakee, Iroquois, Champaign,
Morgan and Grundy counties, organized at Kankakee, and mustered
into the service on the 22d of August, 1862. The following is the
original roster:
Colonel, AlonzoW. Mack ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Samuel T. Busey ; Major, William
A. Dubois ; Adjutant, John F. Huntoon ; Quartermaster, George J. Hodges ; Surgeon,
Franklin Blades ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, William A. Babcock ; 2d Assistant Surgeon,
Edmund Ridgeway ; Chaplain, John W. Flower.
Co. A — Captain, George C. Harrington ; 1st Lieutenant, Abraham Andrea ; 2d
Lieutenant, James R. Elliott.
Co. B — Captain, Homer W. Avers; 1st Lieutenant, Ning A. Riley; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James E. Smith.
Co. C — Captain, Charles C. Jones ; 1st Lieutenant, William Reardon, Jr. ; 2d
Lieutenant, Richard Hughe3.
Co. D — Captain, Francis Seguin ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles 0. Savoil ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Noel Brosseau.
Co. E — Captain, Abram Irvin ; 1st Lieutenant, Peter J. Williams ; 2d Lieutenant,
Cornelius L. Hoyle.
Co. F — Captain, George Cooper ; 1st Lieutenant, William P. Mitchell ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, David Palmer.
Co. G — Captain, Joseph Park ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph Ingersoll ; 2d Lieutenant,
James R. Dunlap.
Co. II — Captain, Daniel Plummer ; 1st Lieutenant, Peter Nichols; 2d Lieutenant,
Jacob Ruger.
Co. I — Captain, Walter W. Todd; 1st Lieutenant J. B. Durham ; 2d Lieutenant,
Warren R. Hickox.
Co. K — Captain, Joseph Davis; 1st Lieutenant, Charles R. Ford; 2d Lieutenant,
John B. Dille.
On the 26th of August the regiment was sent to Columbus, Ken-
tucky, remaining there till October 3d, when it was sent to Bolivar,
Tennessee. On the 24th of November it joined in General Grant's
Yocna expedition. February 23, 1863, it returned to Memphis, and
from there was ordered to Vicksburg, arriving May 20th. The great
THE SEVENTY-NINTH INFANTRY. 321
charge of the 22d, in which it bore a prominent part, was the first
real fight in which it was engaged, but the men behaved with
the steadiness and gallantry of veterans. After this charge the regi-
ment was placed on the extreme left of the besieging line, where it
remained, with the exception of the last week of the siege, when it
was stationed at Hall's Ferry, until the place surrendered. On the
5th of July it proceeded to Jackson, taking part in the siege and
capture of that place. It then returned to Vicksburg, and from
thence went to Jackson. It participated in Sherman's famous Merid-
ian raid, but took no part in any great battles. In February and
May, 1864, it was on the expedition up the Yazoo, and participated
in the battles of Benton, Vaughn's Station and Deasonville, with
credit, but, fortunately, with no serious losses. With the exception
of one pretty severe conflict between Clinton and Jackson, Louisiana,
the time was filled up with an uneventful routine of skirmishes and
reconnoissances in Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas and Tennessee,
until the time of General Steele's expedition from Pensacola to
Blakeley, Alabama, reaching the latter place April 1. 1864. On the
line of march it had but one engagement of any note, that at Pol-
lard's Station. On the 9th of May it assaulted and carried the
enemy's position at Blakeley. The assault lasted only about fifteen
minutes, but in that time the regiment lost 17 killed and 81 severely
wounded. Its colors were the first to be planted on the rebel works.
Long and uneventful marches and tedious waiting in camp at Selden,
Mobile and Galveston occupied the rest of the time until the 22d of
July, 1865, when it was mustered out at Galveston. On the 29th
it started for home, arriving at Chicago August 3d, where it was
paid off and discharged. Daring its term of service, the 76th
traveled over 10,000 miles. It received but 156 recruits, and trans-
ferred all left of these to the 37th Illinois, bringing back 471 officers
and men. It will thus be seen that it was very fortunate in the
chances of war, having lost only about one half its original members
by battle and disease.
SEVENTY-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
In Vol. I. of this work [p. 391 ] we have given the original roster
of this regiment, and its history to the time of its marching to the
21
322 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
relief of Burnside a1 Knoxville. It previously participated in the
Atlanta oampaign, bearing itself gallantly at Rocky Face Ridge,
Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta,
Jonesboro and Lovejoy Station. At the battles of Franklin and
Nashville it fought bravely and suffered severely. Tt then followed
the rebels till they were driven out of the State. Its time was after-
ward occupied in uneventful marches and tedious waiting in camp
at various points in Tennessee, until June 12, 18G5, when it was
mustered out of the service at Nashville, Tennessee, the veterans
being transferred to the 42d regiment. It arrived at Camp Butler
on the 14th, and was there paid off and discharged.
EIGHTIETH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 80th regiment was organized at Centralia, and mustered into
the service on the 28th of August, 1862. The following is the
original roster :
Colonel, Thomas G. Allen; Lieutenant-Colonel, Andrew F. Rogers; Major, Erastus
N.Baker; Adjutant, James C. Jones ; Quartermaster, Robert J. Harmer ; Surgeon,
Nathan W. Abbott ; Assistant Surgeon, EbenezerRodgers ; Chaplain, John W. Lane.
Co. A — Captain, James L. Mann; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel T. Jones ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Goodwin Scudmore.
Co. B — Captain, George W. Carr ; 1st Lieutenant, William R. Wright ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Henry C. Smith.
Co. C — Captain, Henry Zeis ; 1st Lieutenant, Herman Steinscke ; 2d Lieutenant,
Benjamin Kohln.
Co. D — Captain, Carter C. Williams ; 1st Lieutenant, James Neville ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Alexander Van Kendle.
Co. E — Captain, Stephen T. Stratton ; 1st Lieutenant, Newton C. Pace ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Charles W. Pavey.
Co. F — Captain, Edmund R. Jones ; 1st Lieutenant, John Woods ; 2d Lieutenant,
Albert Foster.
Co. G — Captain, Andrew Wilson ; 1st Lieuteuant, John W. McCormack ; 2d Lieu*
tenant, William H. McDill.
Co. H Captain, James Cunningham ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel G. Andrews ; 2d
Lieutenant, John R. Cunningham.
Co. I — Captain, Daniel Hay; 1st Lieutenant, James Adams; 2d Lieutenant,
Richard M. Davis.
Co. K— Captain, Alexander Hodge ; 1st Lieutenant, Edmund D. Kiersey ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John A. Miller.
The regiment left camp on the 4th of September for Louisville,
receiving arms at New Albany. On the 1st of October it started
THE EIGHTIETH INFANTRY. 323
with Buell's army in pursuit of Bragg, participating in the battle of
Perryville, where it suffered severely. It continued with the array
in pursuit to Mumfordsville, where it arrived on the 24th. On the
31st it marched to Cove City, and returned on the 6th of November.
On the 11th of December it arrived at Bledsoe Creek, Tennessee,
and on the 26th started in pursuit of John Morgan. January 2, 1 863,
the pursuit of Morgan was discontinued, and* the regiment marched
to Nashville and Murfreesboro, arriving at the latter place on the
10th. It remained here till April 7th, foraging and scouting. On
the 20th of March, the brigade, while on a scout, ;was attacked by a
largely superior force of rebels, who were repulsed with a heavy loss.
On the 7th of April the regiment left Murfreesboro for Nashville,
where it prepared to go upon " Straight's expedition." On the 10th
all was ready, and it embarked. On the 30th, the expedition was
attacked at Day's Gap and Sand Mountain, repulsing the rebels on
both occasions. On the 3d of May the expedition met with its dis-
astrous defeat, and the forces were surrendered to Forrest. On the
17th, after great suffering, the private soldiers who had been captured
were landed at Annapolis on parole ( the officers being retained in
Libby Prison ), and were at once sent to Camp Chase, Ohio. June
23d, having been exchanged, the regiment was sent to Nashville,
arriving on the 29th. September 8th it moved to Stevenson, Ala-
bama, where it was placed on guard duty along the railroad. On
the 16th of October it moved to Battle Creek, and thence to Bridge-
port. On the 27th it moved up Lookout Valley to open the road to
Chattanooga, and was present at the battle of Wauhatchie on the
night of the 28th, but, being in the reserve, was not actually engaged.
November 24th and 25th it participated in the battle of Mission Ridge.
On the 27th it made a forced march to Red Clay, and destroyed
several miles of the track of the East Tennessee and Georgia Rail-
road. On the 29th it started to the relief of Burnside at Knoxville,
encamping within fourteen miles of the city on the 5th of Decem-
ber. On the 7th, Longstreet having retreated from Knoxville, the
regiment returned to its former camp in Lookout Valley, capturing
and destroying a large amount of Confederate stores on the march.
On the 24th of December it moved to Whiteside, Tennessee, where
it remained till January 27, 1864, when it went to Blue Spring, Ten-
olM lATKIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
nesaee. Hero it encamped till May 4th. From the 22d to the 23th
of February it was engaged in a reconnoissance toward Dalton,
Georgia, Bkirmishing considerably with tlie enemy. On the 3d of
Mav it started on the Ailanta campaign, participating in the battles
of Dalton, Etesaca, Adairsville, Cassville, Dallas, Pine Mountain,
Kenesaw Mountain, Marietta, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro
and Lovejoy Station, *md pursuing the rebels until September 5th,
when it returned to Atlanta. October 3d, marching orders were
received, and the regiment started in pursuit of Hood, halting at
Pulaski November 3d. On the 23d it began the famous retreat to
Nashville. It was present at the battle of Franklin, but did not
participate. It did its full share, however, at the battle of Nashville,
and pursued Hood till he was driven out of the State. It then
returned to Huntsville, arriving January 5, 1865. March 12th it
moved to Chattanooga and Knoxville. Here it was sent out to Straw-
berry Plains, Morristown, Bull's Gap, Shields' Mills, &o., to Green-
ville, to guard a signal station, returning to Nashville April 23d.
It remained in camp near Nashville till June 10th, when it was mus-
tered out and sent home, arriving at Camp Butler on the 13th, where
it was paid off and discharged. During its term of service it
marched over 6,000 miles, was engaged in more than twenty pitched
battles, and the conduct of its members was such as to reflect honor
on the regiment, the State and the nation.
EIGHTY-FIRST ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 81st regiment was mustered into the service at Anna on the
26th of August, 1862, 915 strong. The following is the original
roster :
Colonel, James J. Dollins ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Franklin Campbell ; Major,
Andrew W. Rogers ; Adjutant, Zehedee Hammock ; Quartermaster, Logan H. Roots ;
Surgeon, Lewis Dyer; Chaplain, William S. Post.
Co. A — Captain, James P. Cowan ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel Payne ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William McNeill.
Co. B — Captain, Thomas Hightower ; 1st Lieutenant, John W. Grammar ; 2d
Lieutenant, Josiah Goodwin.
Co. C — Captain, John C. Armstrong ; 1st Lieutenant, Mortimer C. Edwards; 2d
Lieutenant, Thomas B. McClure.
Co. D — Captain, Cornelius S. Ward ; 1st Lieutenant, Logan Wheeler ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Isaac Rapp.
THE EIGHTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 325
Co. E — Captain, Marrnaduke F. Smith ; 1st Lieutenant, John P. Reese ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, David R. Sanders.
Co. F — Captain, Samuel L. Campbell ; 1st Lieutenant, Jacob W. Sanders ; 2d
Lieutenaut, George W. Kelly.
Co. G — Captain, George W. Sisney ; 1st Lieutenant, William W. Russell ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William L. Farmer.
Co. H — Captain, Albert F. Crane ; 1st Lieutenant, William A. Stewart; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James V. Pierce.
Co. I — Captain, J6hn W. Felt ; 1st Lieutenant, James Bartleson ; 2d Lieutenant,
Charles J. Minnick.
Co. K — Captain, Samuel Pyle ; 1st Lieutenant, Lycurgua Rees ; 2d Lieutenant,
William Needham.
On the 7th of September, 1862, the 81st left Anna for the front,
under James J. Dollins, its first Colonel, who fell at the charge upon
the enemy's fortifications at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863. It was in
that splendid series of battles, under General Grant: Port Gibson,
Mississippi, May 1, 1863 ; Raymond, Mississippi, May 12, 1863 ;
Jackson, Mississippi, May 14, 1863; Champion's Hill, Mississippi,
May 16, 1863 ; investment of and charge on Vicksburg, Mississippi,
May 19 and 22; 1863, and marched in triumph into the city, July
4, 1863; Brownsville, Mississippi, October 16, 1863. On the death
of Colonel Dollins, Lieutenant-Colonel F. Campbell succeeded to
the office of Colonel, but being absent under orders, Lieutenant-
Colonel A. W. Rogers was in command of the regiment while on
the celebrated Red River expedition, under Banks. During that
arduous expedition it participated in the battle and capture of Fort
De Russey, Louisiana, spring of 1864 ; two battles of Cloutierville,
Old River, Marksville, Yellow Bayou, and in numerous skirmishes
while aboard the transports in their attempt to ascend the river to
Shreveport. The 81st was in the disastrous Guntown expedition,
under General Sturgis, and this was the first and only time it was
ever driven from the field of conflict. On the 3d of August, 1864,
the division to which it belonged was ordered to St. Charles, Arkan-
sas, on "White River. The 81st, with some other troops, having
been sent up to Augusta, to drive away the enemy, who were con-
centrating there, returned for a few days, after accomplishing this
work, to Duvall's Bluff, and from thence went to Brownsville, on the
Little Rock Railroad, where the expedition under General Mower
was organized and sent with all haste after the rebel General Price,
32G PATBIOTISM OF ll.i.l.VOIS.
who was moving toward Missouri This little army, with twelve
days' rations, marched over the mountains, through swamps, fording
and bridging streams, to < 'ape I Hrardeau, a distance of S2S miles, in
nineteen days. Colonel Campbell having resigned inconsequence
of protracted ill health, Lieutenant-Colonel Rogers assumed its entire
command, which he retained, bavingthe commission of Colonel from
Governor Fates. At Cape Girardeau the troops wjere Bent by riv r
to St. Louis and Jefferson City, and from thence by rail and land
marches to Warrensburg, in Western Missouri. General Price hav-
ing "been driven from the country, the 81st was dow assigned to
General A. J. Smith's command, and hurried to oppose General Hoo ',
who was about to invest Nashville. It participated in the celebrated
fights of the loth and lC'h of December before that city, and bore a
noble part in the pursuit of that discomfited General to Pulaski,
eighty miles south, and thence to Clifton, on the Tennessee River,
eighty miles west. Here it took boats for Eastport, making the recon-
noissance of Corinth, and on the 8th day of February, 1S65, it
started on its way to New Orleans, making brief stops at Cairo,
Memphis and Vicksburg. Remaining for some three weeks in camp,
it commenced its movement toward Mobile, by way of Forts Gaines
and Morgan ; landing on the eastern shore of the bay, the approaches
to Spanish Fort, the most formidable of the defenses of Mobile and
the key to all the rest, were at once pushed forward. The 3d divi-
sion of the 16th Army Corps was ordered, on the 20th of March, to
make a reconuoissance in force into the immediate vicinity of the
enemy's fortifications. Locating him with sufficient accuracy, the
81st Illinois being in the advance, and deploying one half the regi-
ment as a skirmish line, it received a heavy musketry fire from the
enemy, when, in pursuance of orders, the siege was commenced by
the whole division. On the thirteenth day of the siege the 3d Brig-
ade of the 3d Division was ordered to charge upon the fortifications
— the 8th Iowa leading the charge, closely supported by the 81st
Illinois, led by Colonel Rogers in person. The charge was a com-
plete success. In a day or two after, Fort Blakeley was successfully
charged by General Steele and the 2d Division of the 16th Army
Corps, after which Mobile quickly surrendered. Tin; 81st Illinois
was now moved up to Montgomery, where it remained on provost
THE EIGHTY-SECOND INFANTKY. 327
duty until ordered home for discbarge, arriving at Chicago on the
7th of August, 1865.
EIGHTY-SECOND ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 82d Infantry — named the " Second Hecker llegiment," in
honor of its first Colonel — was almost exclusively a Chicago organ-
ization, and was also as exclusively made up of Germans, except
Co. I, which was composed of Scandinavians. Its original roster
was as follows :
Colonel, Frederick Heeker ; Lieutenant Colonel, Edward S. Salomon ; Major, Fer-
dinand Rolshanson ; Adjutant, Eugene F. Weigel ; Quartermaster, Herman Panse ;
Surgeon, George Scbloetzer ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Emil Brendel ; 2d Assistant
Surgeon, Oscar Julius Bergk ; Chaplain, Emanual Juliua Richhelm.
Co. A — Captain. Anton Bruhn ; 1st Lieutenent, Edward Kafka ; 2d Lieutenant.
Charles E. Stueven.
Co. B — Captain, Augustus Bruning; 1st Lieutenant,, George Heinzman ; 2d
Lieutenant, Charles Lanzendorfcr.
Co. C — Captain, Jacob Lasalle ; 1st Lieutenant, Mayer A. Frank ; 2d Lieutenant,
Frederick Bechstein.
Co. D — Captain, Matthew Marx; 1st Lieutenant, William Warner ; 2d Lieutenant,
Frank Kirchner.
Co. E — Captain, Robert Lender ; 1st Lieutenant, Rudolph Mueller ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John Brech Celler.
Co F — Captain, Frederick L. Weber ; 1st Lieutenant, Erich Hoppe ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Lorenz Spoenmann.
Co. Cr — Captain, William Neussel; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph Gottlob ; 2d Lieuten-
aiit, Conrad Schonder.
. Co. H — Captain, Emil Frey ; 1st Lieutenant, Johann Sporre ; 2d Lieutenant, Jos.
Riegert.
(Jo. I — Captain, I var Alexander Weid ; 1st Lieutenant, John Hillborg ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Peter Hunson.
Co. K. — Captain, Joseph P. Greenhut ; 1st Lieutenant, George W. Fuchs ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Dominicua Kiutscn.
The 82d was mustered into the service on the 26th of August,
1862, at Camp Butler, and left for the field on the 3d of November,
900 strong, and joined Sigel on the Potomac, and fought under him
in the 11th Army Corps. The first fight was at Chancellorsville,
where the regiment had a hard trial, doing some splendid work, and
fighting bravely ; it was the last to quit the field. The Colonel and
Major were wounded, and two line officers killed ; the regiment lost
338 PAraionsM of nxnroxi.
157 men killed and grounded, among which were ten commissioned
offio< rs,
\. Gettysburg the regiment particularly distinguished itself, and
was the only Illinois infantry regiment present there. On the first
day of tin' battle it occupied the center of our line, and when both
wings of i lie army began the retreat, it remained to cover the move-
ment, and was the hist regiment to leave the field. On the second
day it was again placed in the center, on the cemetery hill, which
was one of the most exposed positions in the entire line. On the
second day, the rebels obtained possession of our rifle pits, on the
right, when Colonel Salomon with the 82d made a charge upon them,
driving them back and taking more prisoners than the number of his
own command. On the third day it occupied the same position as
on the preceding, and took part in the winning of the glorious vic-
tory. During the three days' battle, Colonel Salomon had two horses
shot under him. The regiment lost 131 men out of 312 engaged,
and was highly complimented by Generals Schurz, Howard and
Meade.
The regiment took an effective part in the campaign in Northern
Georgia. It left Whiteside, Tenn., where it had been stationed to
guard the- railroad, on the 3d day of May, 1864, arriving at Triune
on the 7th, marching thence to Resaca, arriving there on the 13th.
On the 14th the regiment marched with the brigade to the rear of
the center of their line of battle before Resaca, and subsequently
moved to the extreme left, on the double quick. The brigade formed
on the high bank of a little creek, with an open field in the front.
Before the line had been perfectly formed, the brigade on the right
gave way, being closely pressed by the enemy, leaving the 5th Indi-
ana battery in imminent danger of being taken. At this critical
juncture the 82d charged in double quick across the open field,
and with a full volley into the rebel ranks drove them back. The
battery was saved, and the brigade occupied the field for the night.
On the 15th this regiment again gallantly repulsed a severe attack,
relieving the 150th New York amid a perfect hailstorm of bullets.
It then pressed the enemy for three days, losing one man in a skir-
mish on the 19th. At Dallas the regiment advanced in the face of
a heavy fire to within one hundred and fifty yards of the enemy's
COLONEL FREDERIC HECKER. 329
line, and remaining there till its ammunition was exhausted, and
then, till more came, took the cartridges from the dead and wounded.
Out of 245 muskets going into that fight, 11 men were killed and 69
wounded. At Kingston, during the first few days of June, the
regiment kept up a lively skirmish with the rebels, throwing up
breastworks ; on the 4th and 5th a continuous fire was kept up dur-
ing the day and night. On the 6th of June it marched and struck
the pickets of the rebels near Lost Mountain, about twelve miles
west of Marietta, and skirmished till the 15th of June, when at Pine
Hill the regiment had a severe conflict with the enemy, losing five
men. On the 17th it lost one man killed and three wounded,
out of a skirmish line of fifteen. At Peach Tree Creek the regi-
ment behaved most gallantly, each man firing from 135 to 140 rounds
of ammunition, keeping up a brisk fire for over three hours at short
range. At Atlanta, 'too, the 82d did noble service working in
the trenches, and was in the first brigade that entered the city.
Then began the march to the sea followed by the Carolina campaign,
in which the 82d bore a prominent part.
At Averysboro and Bentonville, it engaged the enemy with
great bravery, losing about fifteen men at the former place and about
twenty-five men at the latter. It arrived at Raleigh, N". O, on the
16th of April, 1865, where the news was received that hostilities had
ceased. Fatiguing marching still remained, but there was no more
fighting, and after a long delay the boys set their faces toward home,
after the grand review at Washington, arriving in Chicago on the
17th of June, when they were mustered out. The regiment re-
turned with 310 men; it marched on foot 2,503 miles, traveled by
railroad 2,385 miles, crossed 43 rivers and waded through innumer-
able creeks and swamps. It has inscribed upon its record the story
of gallant deeds at Chancellorsvillc, Gettysburg, Mission Ridge,
Resaca, Cassville, Dallas or New Hope Church, Lost Mountain, Pine
Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Savan-
nah, Columbia, Averysboro and Bentonville. With its members
love of liberty has been shown in deeds more than in words.
Colonel Frederic Hecker was born in Baden, Germany, Septem-
ber 28, 1811. He took a leading part in the revolution of 1848, and
on the defeat of the revolutionary forces fled to America. On the
:'.-'> I'M ui'.i IBM 01 [LLINOIfl.
Beoond outbreak, under the Lead of Lorenz Brentano (now <>ne of
the editors ofthe Illinois Stoats Z< itung in Chicago), in 1849, Colonel
Booker returned to his nativo Land, 1 >ut arrived there too Late
t.> take part La the struggle for liberty. He then returned to
America and purchased :i (arm near Lebanon, St. Clair County,
Illinois. In L850, he was a candidate for Presidential Elector
on the Fremom tickel —the only official po ition in civil Life for
which he has ever consented, to be a- candidate, though often press 1
to do so. At the outbreak of the rebellion, he enliste I as a private
in the 3d Missouii infantry, from which he was called i>» (he Colo-
nelcy ofthe 24th Illinois, his commission dating June 17, 1801. lie
resigned in December, and accepted the same position in the 82d
Illinois. lie commanded his regiment in the bloody battle of Chan-
cellorsville, and afterward commanded a brigade till he resigned, in
March, 1804, and retired to his farm, where he now resides. Colonel
Hecker is a gentleman of splendid abilities and education, and is an
orator of no mean degree. He is brave even to rashness, very fiery
and impulsive.
General Edward S. Salomon was born in Sebleswig-IIolstein, on
the 25th of December, 1830, of Jewish parents, and is, we believe,
the only individual of that faith who rose to the rank of Brigadier-
General. He removed to this country in 1854, settling in Chicago
one year later. Here he was first employ, d as a clerk in a whole-
sale hat and cap house, then studied law with Davis and Bui !1, and
was admitted to the bar in 1859. In the following year he was
chosen Alderman from the sixth ward, which position he occupied
when the war broke out. In 1861, he entered the service in the
24th Illinois infantry (First Hecker regiment) as Second Lieutenant,
and was promoted successively to First Lieutenant, Captain and
Major. When Colonel Hecker resigned, Major Salomon resigned
also, as did a number of other officers, and with Colonel II. set
about the formation of "the Second Hecker regiment,"' of which he
was chosen Lieutenant-Colonel. His career was then with his regi-
ment. On Colonel Hecker's resignation in 1804, he was promoted
to the Colonelcy, and in March, 1805, was commissioned Brigadier-
General by President Lincoln, for gallant service. When the 82d
was mustered out, General Salomon returned to Chicago, and in the
THE EIGHTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 331
fall of 1865, was elected County Clerk of Cook County, a position
he still holds.
EIGHTY-THIRD ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 83d regiment was mustered into the sciwice at Monmouth, on
the 11th of August, 1862. The following is the original roster :
Colonel, Abner C. Harding ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Arthur A. Smith ; Major, Elijah
C. Brott; Adjutant, Wesley B. Casey ; Quartermaster, John B. Cotton ; Surgeon,
Esaias S. Cooper ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, John P. McClanahan ; 2d Assistant Sur-
geon, Richard Morris ; Chaplain, Adam C. Higgins.
Co. A — Captain, Philo C. Reid ; 1st Lieutenant, George H. Palmer ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Davis M. Clark.
Co. B — Captain, John McClanahan ; 1st Lieutenant, James Moore ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William W. Turnbull.
Co. C — Captain, Lyman B. Cutler; 1st Lieutenant, John C. Gamball; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Samuel L. Stephenson.
Co. D — Captain, Joshua M. Snyder; 1st Lieutenant, Hugh M. Robb ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Francis M. Sykes.
Co. E — Captain, James M. Gilson ; 1st Lieutenant, Erastus H. Pierce ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John L. Parsons.
Co. F — Captain, John T. Morgan ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph A. Boyington ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James W. Morgan.
Co. G — Captain, James G. Hammick ; 1st Lieutenant, Horace Jones ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John Jones.
Co. H — Captain, William G. Bond ; 1st Lieutenant, Walter N. Bond ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James C. Johnson.
Co. I — Captain, Joseph B. Dowley ; 1st Lieutenant, Daniel D. Shoop ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William S. Latimer.
Co. K — Captain, ■ George W. Reynolds ; 1st Lieutenant, Richard D. Russell; 2d
Lieutenant, John S. Garrett.
On the 25th of August, 1862, the 83d left Monmouth for Cairo,
938 strong. From Cairo it proceeded to Fort Donelson, where
it was placed on garrison duty. In October the regiment was
ordered out, with other forces, in pursuit of rebel cavalry under
General Morgan and Colonel Woodard. A fight took place at Gar-
rettsburg, Kentucky, in which the rebels were completely routed.
On the 3d of February, 1863, Colonel Harding made his heroic
defence of Fort Donelson, of which we have given an extended
account in Vol. I. (p. 496 et seq.) of this work. For gallantry in
this fight Colonel Harding was promoted to Brigadier-General, and
333 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Lieutenant-Colonel Smith to the Colonelcy of the regiment Gener-
al II. Boon after lefl the service i i I ike a seat in Congress. During
L868 and L864, the regiment was almost constantly engaged in
skirmishes with detached rebel commands and guenillaa — in the
latter year participating in the campaign which expelled Wheeler
and his forces from Tennessee, and afterward in the pursuit of For-
rest. It was the fortune of the 83(1 to fight almost al ways against
superior numbers, and no body of men could have exhibited more
determined courage than did this regiment. It arrived in Chicago
on the 30th of June, 1865, where it was mustered out and disbanded.
The 83d went out 1,050 strong, and returned with 640 men.
eighty-fourth: Illinois infantry.
The 84th regiment was organized at Quincy, and mustered into
the service on the 1st of September, 1862. The following is the
original roster :
Colonel, Louis H. Waters ; Lieutenant Colonel, Thomas Ilamer ; Major, Charles
H.Morton; Adjutant, Charles E. Waters ; Quartermaster, Samuel L. Roe; Surgeon,
James B Kyle ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, David McDill ; 2d Assistant Surgeon, Elijah
L. Marshall ; Chaplain, Ralph Harris.
Co. A — Captain, John P. Higgins ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas G. Wisdom ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William F. Stearns.
Co. B — Captain, Vincent M. Grewcll ; 1st Lieutenant, Lemuel L. Scott; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James A. Russell.
Co. C — Captain, William Erwin ; 1st Lieutenant, Epaphroditus C. Coulson ; 2d
Lieutenant, William P. Pearson.
Co. D — Captain, Moses W. Davis; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas D. Adams; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Walter Scaggan.
Co. E — Captain, Miron G. Tousley ; 1st Lieutenant, Hiram P. Roberts ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Henry V. Lewis.
Co. F — Captain, Caleb B. Cox; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph Nelson; 2d Lieutenant,
Samuel Frost.
Co. G — Captain, Frederick Garternicht ; 1st Lieutenant, William H. Fuller ; 2d
Lieutenant, Russell W. Caswell.
Co. H — Captain, John C. Pepper; 1st Lieutenant, Luther T. Ball; 2d Lieutenant,
Henry E. Abercrombie.
Co. I — Captain, Albert J. Griffith ; 1st Lieutenant, William Scott; 2d Lieutenant,
Thomas F. Kendrick.
Co. K — Captain, John B. McGaw ; 1st Lieutenant, Alexander P. Nelson: 2d Lieu-
tenant, Hiram II. Mills.
The regiment left camp for Louisville, September 22d, and was
assigned to the " Fighting Fourth " Corps. On the 29th it marched
THE EIGHTY- SIXTH INFANTRY. 333
in pursuit of Bragg, and was present at the battle of Perryville,
though not engaged. It then made the march to Nashville, being
on half rations for a considerable portion of the time. From thence
it started for Murfreesboro, and was engaged at the battle of Stone
River, December 31, 1862, and January 1, 1863, losing 228 men.
From Manchester it started across the Cumberland Mountains to
Chickamauga, where it engaged in the battle of September 19th and
20th, and lost 172 men. On the 24th, 25th and 26th of November,
it was engaged in the battles of Lookout Mountain, Missionary
Ridge and Ringgold. February 22, 1864, it took part in the battle
at Dalton. It then joined in the Atlanta campaign, and engaged in
the battles of Buzzard's Roost, May 10th ; Dalton, May 13th; Res-
aca, May 14th; Burlet Hickon, May 26th to June 3d; Kenesaw
Mountain, Smyrna, Atlanta, Jonesboro and Lovejoy Station. During
this campaign it lost 125 men. Then began the retreat to Nashville.
At Franklin and Nashville the 84th did excellent service. During
the spring of 1865 the regiment was stationed at Nashville, where it
was mustered out on the 8th of June. On the 12th it arrived at
Camp Butler, where it was paid off and discharged. During its
term of service the 84th lost 558 men in battle ; had but one man
taken prisoner ; lost but ten men by desertion ; had but one man sent
to military prison, and but four tried by court martial. On going to
the front, in 1862, it crossed the Ohio with 936 men. On its return,
in 1865, it crossed that river with 326 men — making a total loss,
from all causes, of 610 men. It was constantly in the front, in the
Department of the Cumberland.
EIGHTY-SIXTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY. •
The 86th Illinois Infantry, was mustered into the service on the
27th of August, 1862, at Camp Lyon, Peoria, Illinois, at which time
it numbered 923 men, rank and file. The original roster was as
follows :
Colonel, David D. Irons ; Lieutenant Colonel, David W. Magee ; Major, James S.
Bean; Adjutant, James E. Prescott; Quartermaster, Charles H. Dean; Surgeon,
Matsena M. Hooton ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, John Gregory ; 2d Assistant Surgeon,
Israel J. Gruth ; Chaplain, George W. Brown.
Co. A — Captain, William S. Magarity ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph Major ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Samuel T. Rogers.
334 PATRIOTISM OB ILLINOIS.
Oo 15 — Captain, Eliaa 0. Breaaley; 1st Lieutenant, Jonathan 0. Kingsley ; 2d
Lieutenant, Nelson HcVicker.
ph K. Thomas ; 1st Lieutanant, John II. Bachclder ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Reuben B. Beebe.
Co. I) — Captain, Prank Hitchcock; 1st Lieutenant, William D. Faulkner; 2d Licu-
•, William H. Ball
Co. E — Captain, Orlando Fountain; 1st Lieutenant, Malchi Grave; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Solomon M. Williams.
(■,, ]' — Captain, James L. Buckhaltcr ; 1st Lieutenant, Nelson D. Combs ; 2d
Lieutenant, John Hall.
Co. G — Captain, William B. Bogardu3 ; 1st Lieutenant, Solomon L. Zinser ; 2d
Lieutenant, .Martin Kingman.
Co. U — Captain, John LT. llall ; 1st Lieutenant, Edwin E. Peters; 2d Lieutenant,
Bavilla W. Merwin.
Co. I — Captain, Allen L. Fahnestock ; 1st Lieutenant, Abner A. Lee ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Jacob L. Fahnestock.
Co. K — Captain, John F. French ; 1st Lieutenant, James B. Peet ; 2d Lieutenant,
Henry F. Itvin.
On the 7th of September, the regiment embarked for Louisville,
Kentucky, where it remained till the 1st of October, when it
joined in the pursuit of Bragg, under the command of General Bu-
ell. On the 8th of October, was fought the battle of Perryvillc, in
which the 86th had the advance. In December the brigade was
stationed at Nashville, Tennessee, where it remained, with a
brief interim, until August 20th, 1803. The regiment was assigned
to the Reserve Corps, Gordon Granger's, and on the 19th and 20th
of September participated in the battles of Chickamauga, without
sustaining any very material loss. After garrisoning Columbia,
Tennessee — General Rosecrans at this time being in command of the
Army of the Tennessee — the 86th mached to Huntsville and Bridge-
port, and thence to Chattanooga. From this time until November
26th, the regiment was engaged in marching and skirmishing, at
which date it had a sharp fight with Bragg at Sheppard's Run.
It next accompanied Sherman in his march to relieve Burnside,
at Knoxville. When- near that place, it was ordered to retrace
its steps to its former camping-ground, on the North Chieka-
mauga. On the 26th of December it moved down to McAfee
Church, seven miles from Chattanooga, where it went into win-
ter quarters. In February it joined in a reconnoissance, going as
far as Buzzard's Roost, where it took part in the engagement of
THE EIGHTY-NINTH INFANTRY. 335
that name. On the 4th of May the 86th marched to Ringgold,
where General Sherman was concentrating his grand army for the
march upon Atlanta. In this memorable campaign it bore an
honorable part, being engaged in the battles at Rome, Dallas, Lost
Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, &c, and in the siege of Atlanta.
The 86th took part in " Sherman's March to the Sea," sharing in
all its perils and privations, reaching Savannah with the loss of one
man wounded and six captured. Then followed the Carolina cam-
paign, in which the 86th gave the rebels exhibitions of Illinois pluck
at Averysboro and Bentonville.
On the 1st of May, 1865, the 86th left Raleigh, North Carolina,
for Richmond, and participated in the grand review of the national
armies at Washington. On the 21st and 22d of June, the regiment
was paid off and disbanded at Chicago.
The number of miles marched on foot by the 86th is 3,500 ; num-
ber of miles traveled by rail, 2,000 ; number of commissioned officers
killed in battle, 1 ; number of officers who died from wounds, 2 ;
number of officers wounded in battle, 6 ; number of officers who
died from disease, 1 ; number of officers who resigned, 1*7 ; number
of officers discharged, 5 ; number of officers dismissed, 1. The
number of men killed in battle is 52 ; number died of wounds, 25 :
number died of disease, 85 ; number wounded in battle, 160 ; num-
ber accidentally wounded, 16; number captured, 33; number de-
serted, 28. The number of men who returned is 359, and 29 officers,
making a total of 388.
EIGHTY-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 89th regiment was organized at Chicago, under the auspices
of the several trunk railroads centering there, from which it re-
ceived its well-known cognomen of " The Railroad Regiment of
Illinois." The first company was mustered into the United States
service on August 25th, and the last on August 27, 1862. The early
organization of the regiment was under the care and supervision of
Robert Forsyth, Esq., of the Illinois Central Railroad, and W. D.
Manchester, Esq., of the Michigan Southern Railroad. On the 4th
of September, the officers of the nine companies then composing the
regiment elected the field officers, and completed the following mus-
ter-in roster :
33G PATRIOTISM 01 ii.i.1X"IS.
tain John Christopher, of tl 3. Infantry, Colonel; Capt .
T. Botohkiss, formerly of the litli Illinois Infantry, Lieutenant-Oolonel ; Dnm i J.
Hall, Maj..,-; s. F. Hance, Bnrgeon ; II. B. Tuttle, Assistant Burgeon; Id. f '
op, Adjutant; Fred !■ Fake, Qnartermaater ; Rev, J. II. Dill, Chaplain.
A.— Captain, L. A. Smith j 1st Lieutenant, William H. Bice ; 2<J Lieutenant,
Jacob N. Eopper.
Co. B — Captain, T. 0. Spencer ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry W. Smith ; 2d Lieutenant,
Borace W. Adams.
1 C — Captain, Henry L. Rowell ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel A. Ellis; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Joho L. Dorscy.
Co. H — Captain, John W. Spink; 1st Lieutenant, George F. Robinson; 2d Lieu-
tenant, W. L>. Clark.
Co. E — Captain, Bruce H. Kidder; 1st Lieutenant, John B. Watkins ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George W. White.
Co. F — Captain, William D. Williams; 1st Lieutenant, Ebcnezer T. Wells; 2d
Lieutenant, L. F. Dimick.
Co. G — Captain, Thomas Whiting ; 1st Lieutenant, Isaac Copley ; 2d Lieutenant,
William H. Howell.
Co. B — Captain, Henry S. Willett; 1st Lieutenant, Franklin If. Hobbs; 2d Lieu-
tecant, William Harkness.
Co. I — Captain, Samuel Comstock ; 1st Lieutenant, William II. Phelps; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Jesse Bale.
Co. K — Captain, Berbert M. Blake ; 1st Lieutenant, William A. Sampson ; 2d
Lieutenant, James A. Jackson.
The regiment left Camp E. IT. Williams, Chicago, on September
4th, and arrived at Louisville September 7th. In and near there it
remained on outpost duty, in General Woodruff's brigade, Crufts'
division, until October 1st, at which date it was assigned to the Gth
brigade (Willich's), 2d division (R. W. Johnson's), right wing, Army
of the Ohio, General Buell commanding. It took part in all the
wearisome marches and skirmishes in pursuit of Bragg' s army, from
Lawrenceburg to Bowling Green, where it arrived October 31st.
Here Company F, Captain Williams, joined the regiment. Here
also the joyful tidings reached the army that Buell had been super-
seded by the hero of West Virginia and Iuka, General Rosecrans.
A few days later, at Tyree Springs, Tennessee, " Old Rosie " became
the guest of the regiment, and from that time onward he was held in
high esteem by the boys of the 80th.
The regiment remained eleven days at Tyree Springs, with a sec-
tion of Goodspeed's (A, 1st Ohio) Battery, doing picket and forage
duty, when, being relieved by Rousseau's command, it rejoined Mc-
Cook's corps at Nashville, November 17th. A few days afterward,
THE EIGHTY-NINTH AT STONE RIVER. 337
General August Willich assumed command of the brigade, which
consisted of the 32d Indiana (German), 15th and 49th Ohio, 39th
Indiana, and 89th Illinois. Brigaded with what were then consid-
ered veteran troops — for all the other regiments had come out of
Shiloh with brilliant records, especially the 32d Indiana, which had,
under Willich's orders, gone through the manual of arms under
heavy volley fire on that fatal field — the associations of the 89th with
its sister regiments were anything but harmonious and friendly
during the first three months. To Colonel Hotchkiss, the ablest
drill master and shrewdest disciplinarian in the division, is due the
honor of keeping up the spirits of his men and perfecting them in
that drill which afterward made them an honor to their state and the
pride of their several commanding generals.
On the 31st of December, 1862, the regiment took a prominent
part in ihe blundering disaster to the right wing of Rosecrans' army
in the decisive battle of Stone River. On the opening day of the
battle, Willich's brigade occupied the extreme right of the line, its
front slightly refused from the main line. The 89th lay in double
column, en masse, in immediate rear of the 49th and loth Ohio.
The rebel General McCown (Kirby Smith's corps), in his advance,
drove in the pickets of Kirk's and Willich's brigades, while hard-
ly firing a shot, and both brigades, after a few minutes of irregular
firing, fell back. To deploy the 89th was impossible, as the fugi-
tives from other regiments were crowding the narrow opening occu-
pied by Willich's men; but Colonel Hotchkiss managed to rally four
or five companies around the colors, and by a few deliberate volleys
checked the advance and inspired his own men. Captain Henry S.
Willett, of Company H, was killed at this moment. From this
time until reaching Rousseau's position, two hours later, the regi-
ment " fought on its own hook," the coolness of its officers and the
pluck of its men showing that veterans can be made in a day with
the right material. Sergeant-Major Farquhar and Sergeant E. O.
Young, of Company A, were both promoted for bravery in this bat-
tle, the former to a captaincy and the latter to a lieutenancy. At
nightfall of the 31st, the regiment became the nucleus of re-organi-
zation for the brigade, and, some would say, for the division. "Dur-
ing the following days of rain, hunger and skirmishing, nothing of
22
336 PATRIOTISM OP [LUHOI8.
particular moment occurred to the regiment until Friday eight,
when Breckinridge attempted to turn Roseorans1 lefl dank, but suf
fered a ra »8l disastrous repulse. That afternoon and night the B9th
was the infantry Bupporl of Stokes' (Chicago Board of Trade) Bat-
tery, when it again showed the reliable and stubborn qualities of the
gloomy closing day of 1862. After this battle, the 89th was put in
the front line of WlUich's brigade, in company with the82d Indiana.
Stone River being won, the army rendezvoused in and around
Murfre isboro until June 24th, During this time many changes oc-
curred in the regiment. Colonel John Christopher, who had never
joined the regiment, resigned January 7th, Lieutenant-Colonel
Hotchkiss succeeding as Colonel, Major Duncan J, Hall (taken pris-
oner at Stone River), as Lieutenant-Colonel, and Captain William 1).
"Williams, of Company F, as Major. Sergeant-Major John .M. Far-
quhar became Captain of Company 13, Captain T. O. Spencer hav-
ing accepted the Chaplaincy, vacated by the decease of the noble,
generous-hearted Mr. Dill, who died while on a mission for the re-
lief of the wounded and sick of the regiment. Heavy battles and
hard work at "the front" change muster-in rosters of new regi-
ments wonderfully, and the 89th was no exception to the rule. Up
to June 25th, the following resignations took place : Surgeon S. F.
Ilance; Captain E. A. Smith and Lieutenant J. X. Hopper, Compa-
ny A; Lieutenant II. W. Smith, Company B; Lieutenant Samuel
A. Ellis, Company C ; Lieutenant \V\ D. Clark, Company D ; Lieu-
tenants ,f. P>. Watkins and George W. White, Company E; and
Lieutenant Isaac Copley, Company G.
In Kosecrans' advance against Bragg at Tullahoma, the only en-
gagements worth official notice were at Shelbyville, Liberty Gap,
and Hoover's Gap. At Liberty Gap the 89th again distinguished
itself, receiving Mattering mention in general orders. Here, among
others, fell Captain Herbert M. Blake, of Company K — a noble
Christian soldier.
Rosecrans, by masterly strategy, having now driven Bragg across
the Tennessee, began his celebrated movement against Chattanooga,
General Johnson leading off on the extreme right, on August 16th.
The march from Tullahoma to the Tennessee river, and over the Sand
and Lookout Mountain ranges of Northern Alabama, until reaching
THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 339
Chickamauga Creek, Georgia, September 1 7th, presented no remark-
able feature but hard marching and countermarching. On the morn-
ing of September 19th, Johnson's division was rapidly marched
from near the right of Roseerans' main line, to the extreme left,
where it became hotly engaged about noon, and steadily gained
nearly two miles of ground, until five P. M., when the rebels aban-
doned their attempt to turn the left flank. It is shown by reports
captured since Lee's surrender, that Johnson's division (handled by
Willich, as Johnson was sick), fought and drore back, successively,
in these five hours, Bates' and Cheatham's rebel divisions, capturing
all then- artillery engaged, and on the last charge fighting against
the odds of J. K. Jackson's, Maney's, Strati's, Wright's and Pres-
ton Smith's rebel brigades. This day was the glory of the 89th, al-
though its losses were fearful. On Sunday, the 20th, the regiment
was again in the hottest fighting on the left, and, with the brigade,
was the last body of organized Federal troops to leave the bloody
field. General Thomas chose Willich's brigade as the rear guard
in the fall back of our army to Rossville, and Willich, in turn,
assigned the 89th to the post of honor — Captains Farquhar and
Sampson commanding the skirmishers. In the two days' fighting,
the regiment lost in officers killed, Lieutenant-Colonel D. J. Hall,
Captains Rice, Spink and Whiting, and Lieutenant Ellis (Company
B) ; wounded, Adjutant E. A. Bishop, Captain J. M. Farquhar, and
Lieutenant J. W. Warren; prisoner, Lieutenant H. W. Adams.
In the engagements at Orchard Knob and Mission Ridge, Novem-
ber 23d and 25th, the 89th displayed its Chickamauga vim in its new
organization — Willich's brigade, Thomas J. Wood's (3d) division,
4th Army corps. Here fell the brave Captain Rowell, of Company
C, and Lieutenant E. O. Young, of Company A.
From November 28, 1863, to May 3, 1864, the regiment, with the
division, campaigned in East Tennessee against Longstreet's forces.
In May commenced the celebrated Atlanta campaign, under Sher-
man, in the prominent battles of which the 89th took an honorable
and oftentimes foremost part, losing two hundred and eleven officers
and men, killed and wounded, in the campaign. At Peach Tree
Creek, Lieutenant Nathaniel Street, of Company D, was killed; and
at Kenesaw Mountain, Captain William Harkness, of Company A,
340 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
was killed, and Lieutenant O. C. Pease, Company E, wounded. At.
New Elope Church, Maj 27th, Captain Dimick and Lieutenant Arens-
, Company F, Captain Samuel Comstock, Company I, and
Lieutenanl II. C. Wood, Company B, were wounded.
When Sherman divided his army for the "March to the Sea,"
regiment returned with the 4th corps to the oampaign against
Hood in Tennessee, and took an active part in the engagements at
Columbia, Franklin and Nashville. In the last named battle it cap-
tured more than its own number in prisoners, losing Peter G.
Tait, of Company G, killed, and Major B. II. Kidder, and Lieuten-
ant E. P. Walker, Company A, wounded.
After participating in the skirmishes in the retreat of Hood to the
Tennessee river, the regiment marched to Huntsville, Alabama,
thence took railroad transportation to East Tennessee, to aid in re-
establishing communication through to Virginia. On Lee's surren-
der, further movements in that section were abandoned, and the
regiment returned by cars to Nashville for final muster out. On the
10th of June, in the field, the 89th was mustered out of the United
States service, left Nashville the same day, arrived in Chicago on
June 12th, and was discharged and received final payment on June
24, 1865.
The following is the muster-out roster :
Colonel, Charles T. Hotchkiss, entered as Lieutenant-Colonel, since brevetted
Brigadier-General ; Lieutenant-Colonel, William D. Williams, entered as Captain
Co. F; Major, John M. Farquhar, entered as private Co. B, then Sergeant-Major,
then Captain Co. B ; Surgeon, Henan B. Tuttle, entered as Assistant Surgeon ;
Ass'stant-Surgoon, Pembroke R. Thombs, joined March, 18G3 ; Adjutant, Jerrie M.
Grosh, entered as private Co. K, then Sergeant-Major ; Quartermaster, George W.
Deering, joined January 16, 1864.
Co. A— Captain, E. P. Walker, entered asCorporal ; 1st Lieutenant, Bryan O'Con-
ner, entered as private Co. K, then Sergeant-Major.
Co. B— Captain, Hardin C. Wood, entered as Sergeant; 1st Lieutenant, Ilorace
W. Adams, original rank, long a prisoner; 2d Lieutenant, Emory H. Howell, enter-
ed as Corporal.
Co. C— Captain, James M. Rigney, entered as Corporal, then 1st Lieutenant; 1st
Lieutenant, W. II. Kinney, entered asCorporal.
Co. D— Captain, George F. Robinson, entered as 1st Lieutenant; 1st Lieutenant,
Alexander Beecher, entered as private, then 2d Lieutenant.
Co. E— Captain, John W. Warren, entered as Sergeant ; 1st Lieutenant, Robert
Miller, entered as Sergeant; 2d Lieutenant, Oscar C. Pease, entered as Corporal.
THE NINETIETH INFANTRY. 34:1
Co. F — Captain, James F. Copp, entered as Sergeant ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles J.
Arenscliild, entered as Sergeant.
Co. G — Captain, William H. Howell; entered as 2d Lieutenant; 1st Lieutenant,
J. M. Swickard, entered as Corporal.
Co. H — Captain, John A. Beeman, entered as Sergeant ; 1st Lieutenant, Aaron
M. Boomer, entered as Corporal.
Co. I — Captain, William H. Phelps, entered as 1st Lieutenant; 1st Lieutenant,
Charles M. Carnahan, entered as Sergeant.
Co. K — Captain, William A. Sampson, entered as 1st Lieutenant; 1st Lieutenant,
James A. Jackson, entered as 2d Lieutenant ; 2d Lieutenant, Horace G. Greenfield,
entered as Corporal.
The following official statement is the best encomium of the 89th's
hard service and gallantly that can be pronounced: In* 1863, 440
recruits were added to the regiment, making a total borne on the
rolls of 1,403. It left in the field 202 recruits (transferred to the
59th Illinois ), and mustered out on its rolls 381 officers and men,
leaving 820 men killed in action, died from Avounds, or discharged
on account of disability contracted in service. The official reports
of Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Atlanta and Nash-
ville show a casualty list of 536 officers and men. By official
authority the names of twenty-three battle fields are inscribed on the
regimental colors.
NINETIETH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 90th regiment was recruited and organized at Camp Doug-
las, Chicago, and was christened the " Irish Legion," by Father
Dunne, who was largely instrumental in its organization. At the
date of its muster into the service, September 22, 1862, its roster
was as follows :
Colonel, Timothy O'Meara ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Smith McCleavy ; Major, Owen
Stewart; Adjutant, Edwin S. Davis ; Quartermaster, Redmond Sheridan ; 1st Assist-
ant Surgeon, John B. Davidson ; 2d Assistant Surgeon, Darwin Hinckley ; Chaplain,
Thomas F. Kelley.
Co. A — Captain, Patrick Flynn ; 1st Lieutenant, James Conway ; 2d Lieutenant,
Daniel Corcoran.
Co. B — Captain, Michael W. Murphy; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas Gray; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Charles Billingale.
Co. C — Captain, Patrick O'Marah ; 1st Lieutenant, John C. Harrington; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Thomas Murray.
Co. D — Captain, David O'Conner ; 1st Lieutenant, John W. Kelley ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Peter O'Brine.
3 1- r.\ I &IOTISM "i hi [NOI8.
Co. E — Captain, Matthew Leonard; 1st Lieutenant, John McAasej ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Lawn oc< B tfcl larthy.
Co. F — Captain, Richard 0. Kelley; l-i lieutenant, Patrick Feenej ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William White.
i G Captain, .ichn Murphy; 1st Lieutenant, David Duffy; 2d Lieutenant,
Patrick Campion.
Co. II — Captain, Peter Casey ; 1st Lieutenant, Andrew Liddle ; 2d Lieutenant,
maid.
Co [ — Captain, William Cunningham; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph Teahon ; 2d Lieu-
tenant. John J. < I'Lcary.
Co. K — Captain, Thomas K. Barrett; 1st Lieutenant, Peter Real ; 2d Lieutenant,
John Larkin.
On the 27th of September, 1862, the regiment left Camp Douglas
for Lagrange, Tennessee, 980 strong. After remaining four days at
the latter place it was sent to Coldwater, Mississippi, where it was
first engaged with the rebel General Van Dorn's cavalry on the 20th
day of December. After capturing Holly Springs, he attacked the
pickets of the 90th, but was repulsed. In June, 1863, the regiment
took part in the siege of Vicksburg, and on the 13th, 14th and 17th
of July participated in the battle of Jackson. On the 11th of Octo-
ber, the 90th assisted in driving the rebels from Collierville, and
saving the town from falling into the hands of the enemy. On the
25th of November it participated in the battle of Missionary Ridge
[Vol. L, p. 314], with a loss of 143 killed, wounded and missing,
including Colonel Timothy O'Meara among the killed. Then fol-
lowed the battles of Resaca on the 13th and 14th of May, 18G4;
Dallas, Georgia, May 28th ; before Atlanta, July 22d and 28th, and
August 3d; Jonesboro, Georgia, August 31st; Lovejoy Station,
September 2d ; Gadsden, Alabama, October 25th ; Fort McAllister,
December 7th, In 18G5, Ave find them with Sherman in the march
to Savannah and through the Carolinas. After the surrender of
Johnston to Sherman, the 90th marched to "Washington, where they
took part in the grand review before the President. On the 10th of
June, 1865, the regiment reached Chicago, where it was mustered
out and discharged.
The 90th regiment sustained an aggregate loss of 300 men in bat-
tle, and returned home with only 221 men, of whom forty-one were
crippled beyond carrying a musket.
THE NINETY-FIRST INFANTRY. 343
NINETY-FIRST ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 91st regiment was organized at Camp Butler, Springfield,
and mustered into the service on the 8th of September, 1862. The
following is the original roster :
Colonel, Henry M. Day ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Harry S. Smith ; Major, George A.
Day ; Adjutant, William Grant ; Quartermaster, Eugene M. Wiswell ; Surgeon,
David LeRoy ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Edgar L. Phillips; 2d Assistant Surgeon,
William T. Day ; Chaplain, John C. Sargent.
Co. A — Captain, Isaac Skillinan ; 1st Lieutenant, William R. Pack ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James T. Renbart.
Co. B — Captain, Joseph A. James ; 1st Lieutenant, John M. Marrah ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Matthew Shaw.
Co. C — Captain, John McKinney; 1st Lieutenant, Caswell Hanna ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Jonathan P. Long.
Co. D — Captain, Edwin I. Fosha ; 1st Lieutenant, Philip Seelback ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Daniel N. Van Antwerp.
Co. E — Captain, Thomas B. Hanna ; 1st Lieutenant, Edwin Brown ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John Q. A. Rider.
Co. F — Captain, Elmers Ryan ; 1st Lieutenant, Alfred II. Grass ; 2d Lieutenant,
Nathan B. Hoff.
Co. G — Captain, James D. Roodhouse ; 1st Lieutenant, John H. Wilson ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Isaac N. Oaks.
Co. H — Captain, Jordan Lakin; 1st Lieutenant, James Coates ; 2d Lieutenant,
John Jones.
Co. I — Captain, Slocum H. Culver ; 1st Lieutenant, Robert Dennis ; 2d Lieuten.
ant, Theodore P. Hackney.
Co. K — Captain, Benjamin Newman; 1st Lieutenant, John F. Collins ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Alexander S. Denton.
The regiment left Camp Butler on the 1st of October for Louis-
ville, from whence it went to Shepherdsville, where it guarded the
Louisville and Nashville Railroad. On the 27th of December it was
attacked at Elizabethtown, Kentucky, by the rebel General Morgan,
and captured. It was paroled, and sent to Benton Barracks for
exchange. The exchange was effected June 3, 1863, when the regi-
ment was ordered to Vicksburg, arriving on the 14th of July. It
was next sent to Port Hudson, and thence to Carroll ton, arriving
August 16th. Here it remained till September 6th, when it moved
to Morganzia, thence to the Atchafalaya River, where it had a brisk
engagement with the enemy, who were routed with heavy loss.
October 10th the regiment returned to Morganzia, thence to Carroll-
344- PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
ton, ana on the 22d embarked for Brownsville, Texas, where it was
determined to break up the illicit traffic between the rebels and
Mexico. The troops landed dn the 3d of November at Brazos San-
tiago, and were entirely successful in capturing and occupying
Brownsville. The 91sl remained here till July, 18G4, guarding the
Texas frontier, when it was stationed at Brazos Santiago. Here it
remained till late in December, when it was sent to New Orleans.
In February, 18G5, it joined the 13th Army Corps at Fori Morgan,
where the expedition for the capture of Mobile was made up. The
91st took an active part in this campaign, participating in the taking
of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakeley. After the surrender of the
city, it pursued the Hying rebels to Eight Mile Creek, where it
attacked them, driving them in confusion from the field at the point
of the bayonet. This engagement was probably the last one of the
war east of the Mississippi. After remaining in this vicinity for
some time, the regiment returned to Mobile, where it was mustered
out of the service on the 12th of July, 1865. On the 22d it arrived
at Springfield, where it was paid off and discharged.
<**1§\
4rv
CHAPTER XX.
INCIDENTS AND SKETCHES.
Scarcity of Material — Seventy-fourth and Eighty-eighth at Franklin — Charge
— Stampede — Colonel Smith — Captain Barnard — Corporal Newman — Captures
— Thanks of General Wood — General Thomas — Casualties — The Seventy-sec-
ond— Charged by Rebels — Driven — Retake Their Line — Lieutenant-Colonel
Stockton — Major James — Loss — The Seventy-fifth — Charge Through an Open
Fif.ld — Irs Captures — The Eighty-eight at Stone River — On Front Line —
"Fire and Fire Low" — At Mission Ridge — Lieutenant-Colonel Chandler —
Colonel John W. Shaffer.
THE author regrets that there is not more of personal incident
preserved in the ana of the war. He has- sought them diligently,
but such has been the magnitude of the issues and extent of the
campaigns that little space has been accorded to personal prowess,
personal self sacrifice and devotion. And yet that grand army was
made up of persons, sons of mothers to whom each son was a hero,
brothers, husbands, fathers !
THE SEVENTY-FOURTH AND EIGHTY-EIGHTH AT FRANKLIN.
From a soldier's letter we give the following describing the 88th
and 74th at the battle of Franklin :
" Our brigade held the advance, the 88th (with which, for the purposes of field
operations, is consolidated with the 74th Illinois) composing the rear of the column.
A mile before reaching Spring Hill news came that Forrest, who had crossed Duck
River during the night, was moving upon the town. Instantly, and not a moment
too soon, we were put on the double quick. Reaching town we could see the
enemy's cavalry moving across the fields from the right in most gallant and confident
style. Without halting or unslinging knapsacks the 88th was moved out of column
by the right flank, and deployed as skirmishers in Forrest's front. We pushed back
the enemy steadily and surely, driving him a mile, when we formed our skirmish line
34G ]'.\ l BIO] IBM OF ILLINOIS.
f< rtlic night Meanwhile he had massed heavily on the right of the division, mak-
ing a series "I desperate charges in fronl of t lie 2d and :'"l brigades, which Buffered
Bome temporary disaster. (Tight closed in booh afterwards, and the fighting ceased.
Meanwhile the trains were all getting in. and the other divisions of our cor]
the 28d corp up. By 2 o'clock A. M. of the 80th the last "ii the
■ Franklin ; by -l o'clock tin' aiinv wu< in motion, ami at 6 o'clock this regi-
ment, which was again designated for the post of honor, was in position as skirmish-
tin' rear of the army. Bood's cavalrj followed us pretty closely, getting
round on our Bank whenever tin- wooded hills jutted out sufficiently close to tin' road
to enable tlc-.m to give us a volley. We had several Bharp bouts with them during
the march, but kepi them at a respectful distance. At noon we reached Franklin,
which Cox's division nf the 28d Corps had already intrenched. The •_'<! and 8d
brigades of our division wore posted half a mile in advance of the works, as a sort
of column of observation, with orders to retire to the main line in the event, of the
appearance of any considerable rebel force, while our brigade was massed in reserve
three or four hundred yards in rear of the works for the purpose of rest and refresh-
ment. Thus matters stood until about halt past :i o'clock, when the 2d and 8d brig-
ades, being flanked by largely superior numbers, retired upon the main line in con*
siderable haste and disoider. At the same time the rebel charging columns were set
in motion, and when our outposts reached the works the rebels were close behind
them, and all things were mixed up like confusion worse confounded. As our forces
clambered over the breastworks they communicated a panic to that portion of the
23d Corps which occupied that part of the works, and then began a scene which beg-
gars all description. Backward, in affrighted stampede, came men and artillery;
the rebel yellsof triumph rang in our ears, and we all knew that, unless, on our part,
there was instant fighting as furious ami desperate as last hope could make it, noth-
ing but irretrievable disaster could possibly result. In the twinkling of an eye,
therefore, our brigade was under arms. There was no time to form brigade front :
we charged by regiments, the consolidated 88th leading and clearing the way. Col.
Smith, Major Eolden and Adjutant Realf were on horseback ; there was indeed no
time to dismount had we desired to do so. In all my life I never saw, in all my
readings I never read of, a more knightly scene than that of Colonel Smith, at the
head of the charging column, cap in hand, dashing hither and thither, c/r»-fr in the
white heat of the fray, nerving the brave, shaming the coward, an unconscious hero
in every inch of him. Presently his horse was shot, presently the Major's; the Ad-
jutant's escaped being hit. Well, an awful time, for a while, we had of it. I never
saw hand-to-hand fighting before. Captain Barnard shot two rebels with his revolv-
er; Corporal Newman, of Company <r. nearly severed a rebel captain's had with an
ax; somebodv actually pinned a rebel soldier to the breastworks by t/ie stroke of a
pick-ax. I saw a rebel color-bearer knocked flat with the. butt end of a musket, and
there were bayonetings without number. But. thank God, we stayed all the rebel
tide. Then, when we had things safe, we Lr"t up the stragglers, and by and by affairs
again assumed order and shape. But Hood was not content ; again and again, until
the eleventh time, he charged us with desperate frenzy. The slaughter was perfect-
ly horrible ; the ground was actually slippery with blood and gore. The 88th Illinois
captured one division and four regimental flags; the 74th Illinois captured two,
making seven in all, and we took from 200 to 300 prisoners.
SEVENTY-SECOND AT FRANEXIN. 347
"At midnight, when the troops withdrew, we were left to cover the movement of
our brigade, and for an hour and a half opposed our thin skirmish line to the solid
rebel columns. Some of us confess to have been a little nervous, and certainly you
will admit it to have been a critical and ticklish position. But we got off safely,
rejoined our brigade, and moved with it to the outer defenses of Nashville.
" Arrived there, Gen. Wood (who in the absence of Gen. Stanley, wounded, com-
mands the corps), accompanied by Wagner and Thomas, paid the regiment a visit.
Gen. Wood sought out Col. Smith and addressed him thus : ' Colonel, I desire to
repeat to you, in the presence of Gen. Thomas and of your regiment, that which
Gen. Stanley said to me respecting yourself and the troops you command, that with
the exception only of Col. Opdyke, commanding your brigade, with whom you share
the honor — to your special gallantry and special exertions more than to those of any other
man, is owing the repulse of the rebel column, the safety of the army and the victory of
the day. In his name and in mine I thank you.' Thereupon Gen. Thomas desired
to see our captured flags, when, turning to Gen. Wagner, he desired him to make an
official report relative to Col. Smith, and to the regiment, assuring the men that
their services were most thoroughly appreciated.
" Our casualties were, 2 killed, 7 wounded, and 6 missing — 15 in all. The 74th
suffered more, and it is due to the officers and men of that regiment to say that every
word of commendation honestly earned by ourselves, was earned by them also. No
soldiers could be cooler, more courageous or more enduring than they. Side by side
we fought, and,, as sometimes in whist, ' honors are easy' between us."
THE SEVENTY-SECOND.
Anothei* thus describes the 72d :
" The 72d was placed at the center of the lines surrounding the city, and upon a
gentle slope, at the bottom of which and outside of the line was a small grove of
young trees. On our right was a depression an eighth of a mile wide, on our left
the ground was higher than that occupied by our regiment. The men were not in
the best condition for an engagement, but nevertheless they all took their positions in
the pits, with an evident willingness, if not eagerness, and so confident were officers
and men that we should hold our line, that nothing was taken by them except their
arms and accoutrements. The regiment was working on the breastworks when it
was ordered to the pits, where it stood in silence some time previous to taking
part. Some were watching the advancing foe and the dimly descried contest in the
distance, some intently engaged in thinking over the probabilities of the impending
battle, while not a few were silently but fervently offering up a prayer to Heaven.
" On rushed the maddened foe. When they came in range the cry went up,
' Open on them, boys ; give it to them.' And the boys did open on them, and, when
once commenced, the firing did not cease for ten long hours.
"But the enemy were too powerful and numerous, and, forcing the line at our left,
opened a cross-fire, which event, together with our skirmishers, rushing over our
works, caused our regiment to fall back to the second line of works. But our line
was soon after retaken, principally by our boys, and held till after dark, when the
rebels, after repeated assaults, and from their position on the left, compelled us to
leave it.
348 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
" Tho offl bi ive, and
both of our field i BBcera were rounded while heroically facing 1 1 1 • - tremendous fire
of the onemy and directing with coolneas the lire of the men. Thus, in the ?ery
first pari of our energetic resistance, fell our noble and brave Lieutenant-Colonel
■ hi aud Kajor Jamea Bui we can hope for their Bpeedy recovery and return.
The command of the regiment then devolved upon the gallant Captain James A.
Sexton, whose exertions upon various parte of the field will not be forgotten,
"The coolness and self-possession of the officers was truly encouraging to the
men, and the determination of both was very effective in making Buch
nee in the face of so many embai i
"Charge upon charge was made by the rebels, and repulse upon repulse followed
which brought forth yells and cheers from our lines. Tip- proportion of our loss to
that of the whole rebel loss shows plainly the part they took in the battle of
Franklin."
The 75th in the same battle suffered severely. In the battle of
Nashville on the second day it charged through an open corn-field
on the double quick for the distance of a half mile, the enemy being
under partial cover on the brow of a little hill ; he was driven by
the 75th, leaving twenty-six in our hands. The regiment kept up fire
from that point for two hours. A second charge was made by the
whole corps, by brigades en echelon / the 75th was in the front
charging line and captured 223 prisoners, with quantities of
stores, etc.
The 72d lost nine officers out of sixteen engaged and 152 men
killed and severely wounded. Such is an honorable record.
THE EIGHTY-EIGHTH AT STONE RIVER.
We quote from the MSS.of one on the field :
"The morning of the 31st of December, 1802, broke cold and cheerless. The men
were stiff with ihe cold, having lain, without fires, in a muddy cotton-field in front
of Harding's house during the night. The position of the regiment was on the left
of the brigade and division, aud in the first line of battle. Day had scarcely dawned
before the pickets opened fire all along the lines, and ere the sun had risen, the
rebels advanced in force on the right wing under Gen. McCook.
"Four regiments of the enemy marched directly on the position held by the 88th.
Col. Sherman gave orders that not a gun should be fired until he gave the word, and
was obeyed. A brigade of four regiments in column were coming steadily on with
their battle flags displayed. The regiment waited until the first line was within
seventy-five yards of where it lay. With a yell the enemy took the double quick
for the charge, and then our Colonel gave the order to 'fire, and fire low 1' A sim-
ultaneous discharge of all the muskets in his command answered, and as that volley
MISSION EIDGE. 349
went tearing through the rebel ranks, it shook them as if an earthquake were
rumbling beneath their feet. So unexpected was the volley that the whole column
came to a dead halt giving the 88th time to reload. Again the rebel officers suc-
ceeded in getting the column to advance, and again another volley, more terrible
than the first, swept through their ranks from the heavy guns with which the regi-
ment was armed. This they could not face and the remnant of the brigade sank to
the ground to find shelter. The Colonel now ordered file firing upon them as they
lay, and soon drove them from their front in utter confusion.
"For six hours we were under heavy fire without cessation, and with empty car-
tridge boxes were forced from the field, when Sheridan's division fought so nobly
against overpowering numbers and saved the day. One hundred and fifty-one men
out of 416, which was the effective force of the regiment in the morning, lay on
the field at night and in the hands of the enemy.
"At Chickamauga it lost 106 out of less than 300 with which it went into action."
MISSION RIDGE.
The lamented Lieutenant-Colonel Chandler says in his report of
the storming of Mission Ridge :
" We advanced on quick time until we reached the edge of the timber, when we
took the 'double quick' across the plain, a distance of half a mile to the first line
of works, the enemy firing into our ranks from the first line, and pouring grape and
canister from the batteries on the crest of the ridge. Here, under the little shelter
afforded by this first line of works, the men sank from exhaustion. We remained
here only a few moments, and advanced to the second line, driving the enemy in
confusion before us. The men were now so completely exhausted, and there wa3
kept up such a galling fire from the enemy, that a further advance seemed out of
question. A few moments of rest, however, and they followed the colors which
were ordered forward. The advance, which was slow, but sure, having to contend
not only with the direct fire, but enfilading fire from the right. When near the
upper works of the enemy we halted, waiting for the troops on our right to move
forward and draw from us the fire, which wa3 enfilading our line of advance. This
fire, not in any way diminishing, I ordered the colors forward on the works, which a
moment after were carried, and the ' stars and stripes ' waved triumphantly on Mis-
sionary Ridge, the enemy being in full retreat and great confusion.
"The distance from where the charge was begun to the top of the ridge was at
least one and a half miles across a wide open plain, and up a long steep hill, protect-
ed by three lines of rifle-pits, one at the foot, the second about half way up, and the
third on the crest of the ridge, with artillery at the top. The time occupied was
about one and a half hours. The regiment rested on the ridge until about one o'clock
the next morning, when, with the brigade, we moved to the front a mile and a half,
and halted until about ten o'clock, when we moved forward to Chickamauga Creek.
In the afternoon we returned to camp.
"I desire to make honorable mention of the officers of this regiment, all of
whom did their duty most gallantly. Captain George W. Smith, of Company A,
acting field officer, was conspicuous for his bravery while urging on the almost ex-
.'».'.<» I' LTBI0TI8W OF n.T.lM'is.
1 men, until about two thirds of the tray up the hill, ho fell, severely wound-
ed, l-'ii'-' Lieutenant, Dean K. Chester, commanding Company 0, was ■jli<>t through
uing ill" plain, but gallantly led his company to the second line of
i
Lieutenant Henry I.. Bingham, commanding Company IT, tras k i 1 1 «-<l
re reached the second line, but proved himself entirely worthy the Btrapa
he had so recently mounted. First Lieutenant Edward B. Tucker, commanding
Company D, was conspicuous for his daring, in moving among the men, urging them
forward. Sergeant Richard Realf was everywhere, urging on those who fell behind
of other regiments, as well as those ol our own. It affords me great satisfaction to
mention our brave color-bearer, Sergeant John Cheever, who gallantly carried our
banner, planting it always in the advance for the regiment to rally on. never letting
it trail in the dust, but waving ii encouragingly to those behind, and defiantly to the
enemy before him, never faltering until he waved it over the top of Missionary
Ridge. Tt is difficult to select any one from the ranks and irive him special mention
where all behaved so well; but I must mention Corporal Ihonufl Lacy, of Company
K, and private William Isbester, of Company C, who seemed to vie with the colors
for the advance."
In this engagement the regiment lost forty-seven men and seven
officers.
LIEUTENANT-COLONEL GEORGE W. CHANDLER.
The unsuccessful attack upon Kenesaw cost the State many valu-
able lives among whom woe none more precious than that of Lieuten-
ant-Colonel George W. Chandler of the 88th. He was born in St.
Armand East, Messisquoi County, Canada Bast, and, although born
in Queen Victoria's domain, he was of patriotic stock, his grand-
sire having been a soldier of the Revolution from Hartford, Conn.
Receiving a respectable education and a thorough training as an ac-
countant, he came to Chicago in 1855 and entered the banking-house
of George Smith, in which he remained until 1859 when he accept-
ed a clerkship in the office of the City Comptroller.
When war came he threw himself entirely in the cause of the
country, assisted actively in enlisting two companies of the 88th,
and was chosen Captain of the " Kimbark Guards." When the
regiment was organized he was unanimously chosen as its Major
and so commissioned, ranking from September 4, 1862. He was
presented by personal friends with a handsome outfit.
The Major was untiring in the performance of his duties through
the campaigns of Buell, Rosecrans and Sherman. After the battle
MAJOR CHANDLER. 351
of Stone River General Rosecrans designated him to command the
Brigade of Honor, which he decided to form, to be composed of
men selected from different regiments engaged in those battles, who
had made themselves most conspicuous for deeds of bravery and
gallantry, in honor of their services, and as an incentive to his army's
future acts of courage and daring. It was not deemed advisable
to carry out the formation of the "Brigade of Honor," although
the Roll of Honor was completed, by designating the names of the
brave men who would compose the brigade, whenever it might be
thought proper to organize it.
He distinguished himself for intrepidity and coolness on the
field, and for personal morality, being entirely free from profanity,
and other vices too common in the army.
Subsequently to Stone River, Colonel Sherman being in command
of a brigade and the Lieutenant-Colonel absent, from illness and on
detached duty, he was iu command of his regiment. He was a
rigid disciplinarian, but a tender-hearted, humane commander. After
the battle of Chickainauga the Lieutenant-Colonel resigned and
Major Chandler was promoted. He distinguished himself greatly
at Chattanooga and Lookout Mountain. At midnight, after the
storming of Mission Ridge, he wrote to a friend :
" I am cheating myself out of the sleep I ought to have, to do some writing, and
will steal time to say a word.
" We have this day accomplished that which the nation ought to feel proud of,
and grateful to us for doing. I do not write this in any boasting spirit, but I feel
that the blow has been struck that will cause the tottering to its very foundation of
the so-called ' Southern Confederacy.' God grant that it may be so.
" You will have read ere this reaches you, in the city papers, the telegrams of
good news, and also the detail of the storming of ' Mission Ridge,' a position con-
sidered by the enemy as impregnable to any assault.
" It was glorious to see the ' old flag ' — the stars and stripes — that proud emblem
of Liberty and Freedom, cross the upper line of the rebel rifle-pits and wave tri-
umphantly on the top of the ' Bald Hills of Mission Ridge.' It was all the more
glorious to me to know that the 88th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was
the first to carry her colors across that line of works, and wave them defiantly to
the retreating enemy."
His letters home expressed the most intense loathing of cowardly
Northern sympathizers, but in this they only resembled those of al-
most the whole army rank and file.
352 PATRIOTISM OP Illinois.
From Mission Ridge bo Kenesaw his regiment was in the advanoe
:uul day after day in the skirmish line, sustaining and brightening its
reputation, and receiving commendations from its commanding Gen-
eral. Winn the bursl upon Kenesaw came, Howard's corps, which
was to have been held in reserve, was placed in advance, and in the
charge Colonel Chandler fell, shot through, .Major (J. \Y. Smith
thus wrote :
" I.v the Field, rear Marietta, Ga., }
"June 28, 1864. \
"Geo. M. Kimuark, Esq., Chicago, III :
"Dear Sir : — I am pained to write to you of the death of Lieutenant-Colonel George
W, Chandler, who was killed yesterday in a charge upon the enemy's works at this
point, by a musket shot through the body. Deatli followed the wound almost in-
stantly. It is unnecessary for me to express to you the sorrow which his loss occa-
sions inc. for you know my high estimation of his character (shared by all who knew
him here and at home), and the warm friendship which has existed between us. The
service has, in him, indeed, lost a capable, efficient officer, his regiment a brave and
gallant leader, and his brother officers a comrade with whom they have been proud
to do battle, and to whose efficiency and continued faithful performance of duty,
much of the reputation of the 88th is due. It is strange and mysterious that one
should have escaped so many perils and dangers to fall at last in the closing struggle
of the war, but I know that, on his part, the sacrifice of his life for the cause of the
ni lion was willingly and cheerfully made; his patriotism was untainted, un
and rare. He died as he would have wished — on the field — without pain or suffer-
ing, saying only — ' Give me some water and let me die.' * * * *
" All that 1 can offer in aid of his friends, will be gladly done. We are still in
the midst of the campaign, when to end, no one knows. The work before us is yet
hard, but will be accomplished. Very truly yours,
" George W. Smith,
" Major Commanding 88th Illinois Volunteer Infantry."
A letter from Colonel F. T. Sherman, chief of General Howard's
staff — dated " near Marietta, Georgia, June 27th," giving an account
of the repulse at Kenesaw Mountain — says :
" Lieutenant-Colonel George W. Chandler, of the 88th, was almost instantly
killed at the head of his regiment — one more has been added to the list of the noble
and pure of our land who have laid down their lives in defending the right. May
he rest in peace."
Upon the announcement of his death, the Board of Trade passed
resolutions of respect, of condolence with his relatives and appoint-
chandler's funeral. 353
ed a committee to receive and bury with fitting honor the body of
the deceased.
The funeral was one of solemn pomp. The old members of the
88th acted as guard of honor. The remains arrived in charge of
Captain H. H. Cushing, Quartermaster 4th Corps, July 6th, and on
the *7th were borne to Bryan Hall where they lay in state. The cas-
ket was wreathed with flags and covered with rare flowers and across
it lay his sword inscribed,
Presented to Major George W. Chandler, after the battle of
Stone River, by the line officers of his regiment, on the occasion of
his being appointed by Major -General Rosecrans to command his
"Brigade of Honor,'''' in consideration of his- gallant service* in
the field.
Thousands came to the hall with saddened, thoughtful step. At
half past three P. M. detachments of the 8th and 15th Veteran Re-
serve Corps under Major Skinner, the guard of honor, associations
of the city and citizens filled the hall, where appropriate religious
services were held and the procession moved to the depot, and the
body was sent to the mother and sisters of the deceased in Canada.
And so went to his grave a pure, brave soldier without reproach.
COLONEL JOHN W. SHAFFER.
Colonel John Wilson Shaffer was born in Union County, Pennsyl-
vania, on the 5th of July, 1827. His father died in 1838, leaving
seven children, four sons and three daughters. John was the oldest
of the boys; his sisters were all older than himself. Within two
months after his father's death, he started to earn his own living, and
aid his widowed mother, with whom and the family, in the spring of.
1849, he started west. On the road the emigrant family buried one
of the sisters, who died of cholera. In May, 1849, he reached Free-
port, Illinois, with less than five dollars in money, but with a stout
heart. With the exception of one year in Califoi-nia, and his army
life, he has continued to reside there. He engaged in mercantile
life until elected Sheriff of Stephenson County in 1856, at which time
he first took part in politics, in which he manifested at once rare
ability. In 1860, he was elected clerk of the Circuit Court, and
Recorder for Stephenson County. When, in April, 1861, President
23
354- PATRIOTISM OF li.uxuis.
Lincoln issued his firs! call for 75,000 troops, Governor fates tele-
graphed Mr. Shaffer to repair al once to Springfield for consultation,
where he remained until after the first six regiments were senl into
the field. When the ten additional regiments were called for '>n the
part of the State, Mr. Shaffer was requested by Governor Fates to
return to Freeport, and arrange to take care of one of those regi-
ments—the i">th Illinois Volunteers. During its organization Mr.
Shaffer was constantly associated with Captain John I'"!"', the mus-
tering officer, and when Captain Pope was appointed a Brigadier-
,] he imme liately telegraphed to Washington asking thai Mr.
Shaffer be appointed his Quartermaster. His appointment was scut
to him by telegraph, and he went with General Pope to Missouri.
When General Hunter was appointed a Major-General, Captain Shaf-
fer was relieved by order of the Secretary of War, from duty with
General Pope, ami ordered to report to General Hunter, and when
General Hunter relieved General Fremont, at Springfield, Missouri,
Captain Shaffer became chief Quartermaster of the army in the field.
When General Hunter was sent to Kansas, Captain Shaffer accom-
panied him, but was subsequently sent to Port Royal, as Chief
Quartermaster Department of the South. When General Butler
Left Ship Island, the War Department selected Colonel Shaffer (Presi-
dent Lincoln having, without solicitation from Captain Shaffer, pro-
moted him to the rank of Colonel ), as the proper officer to perform
the responsible duties of Chief Quartermaster Department of the
Gulf. He arrived in New Orleans about two weeks after General
Butler had taken possession, ami assumed direction of the Quarter-
master's Department. His services during L 862, were of the most
extraordinary, responsible and harassing nature, so completely
breaking down his health that he was compelled, in January, 1863,
to send his resignation to Washington, which was returned by the
■etary of War, not accepted, but granting him leave of absence
until he should recover his health. In the fall of 1863, he again
reported for duty, and was ordered to report to General Butler, then
in Washington, on bis way to assume command of the Department
of Virginia and North Carolina. He was assigned to duty, by Gene-
ral Butler, as Chief-of-Staff, and in addition to the duties of his posi-
tion took charge of the correspondence connected with the exchange
COLONEL SHAFFER. 355
of prisoners, and, under the direction of General Butler, managed
the entire office work of that bureau. In May, 1864, when the
Army of the James was preparing to make that most remarkable
movement up James River, into an enemy's country, in unarmed
boats, Colonel Shaffer, in addition to his ordinary duties as Chief-of-
Staff, assumed entire charge of the shipping, and to his indomitable
energy General Butler acknowledged himself, in a great part,
indebted for the success of the expedition. Every movement of the
Army of the James bore evidence of his energy and courage, until
he was compelled to resign, in September, 1864, being again com-
pletely broken down in health, and the War Department reluctantly
accepted of his final resignation.
Governor Yates, at several different times, tendered to Colonel
Shaffer the command of a regiment, which he declined at the com-
mencement of the war because he felt he had not the experience
necessary; and, later, because he considered it due to the junior
officers of the regiments that they should have the promotion. No
more generous soldier than Colonel Shaffer was in the army ; and
while in the West, in the South, and on the Potomac he was ever
zealous of the rights and interests of the officers and soldiers of the
Illinois regiments — fighting their battles for them in the departments
at Washington, and insisting on the promotions due to their gallantry
in the field. Says an officer, " His care for the Illinois troops is a
bright page in his military history, and all over the State there are
regimental and line officers, who, with gratitude, remember ' Wilse,'
and who will wish him a long and happy life." We cannot better
close our sketch of Colonel Shaffer, than by quoting the touching
letter of Major-General Butler to him on his finally leaving the ser-
vice with broken health :
" Head-Quarters Dep't of Virginia and North Carolina.)
" In the Field, September 25, 1864. j
" My Dear Shaffer —
"As now our long and pleasant personal relations in the camp and in the field are
severed, probably never to be renewed under their former conditions, I will not
refrain from saying to you with my pen, what each was too much moved when we
parted — either to speak or to hear.
"I have to thank you, in behalf of the country, with earnest gratitude for the
unwearied vigilance with which you have always done your duty as an officer, with
35G PATEI0TI8M OF ILLINOIS.
the single purpose of her service and her Interests. True patriot mi by
acta and thoughtful devotion to public interests. Nothing but shattered health
against which you have • d struggling during the whole campaign, has taken you
unwillingly from the army — and not till long after every friend thoughl it :i duty to
yourself thai you should go — and I hope, and reverently praj the Disposer of all
events thai iii Eis wisdom you may be restored to the greatesl of :ill bles
" Bui i( is not of the performance of your public duties thai I desired to speak —
of thai voui military record, and the opinion of all youi iff will
There is a warmer and nearer tie which has been yo our official
intercourse, which fills the heart as I write, and makes the pen tame in utte
The truest and most unselfish personal friendship — your country first — myself next
— yourself last was the chart of duty to you. That your devotion to duty and friend-
ship is most gratefully appreciated by me — and your sentiments of personal i I
fully reciprocated — why need 1 write? That we shall be divided, except by space,
is impossible, and I shall always be happy to subscribe myself,
" Most truly, your friend,
"(Signed) Bknj. F. Butler.
"Colonel J. W. Shaffer,
" ( Late ) Chief-of-Staff, Army of the James."
CHAPTER XXI.
ONWARD FROM SAVANNAH.
January, 1865 — Columns in Motion — Grant and Sherman — Logan — Right Wing —
A Skirmish — Chaplain's Letter — Logan's Corps — Kilpatrick — Williams — Ex-
tracts from Sherman's Report — Swollen Waters — Sherman's Report — Edisto
Bridges — The Divided Rebel Force — Kilpatrick — Atkins — Sherman and the
Right Wing — Orangeburg — Hardee — Crossing of Congaree — Columbia — Sher-
man's Report — The Conflagration — Who was to Blame ? — Sherman on Wade
Hampton — Soldiers' Love for South Carolina — Left Wing — Marches for Winns-
boro — Right joins It — Barnwell — Ninety-second Illinois — Blackville — Aikin
— Atkins' Brigade — Kilpatrick's Movements — Exciting Situation — Joe John-
ston in the Field — Rocky Mount — Sherman's Report — Cheraw — Kilpatrick
narrowly escapes capture schofield and terry fort flsher wllmington
Our Men in Wilmington Prison — What a Correspondent saw — Forward — Cav-
alry Skirmish — Hardee tries to " hold " Sherman — Don't Succeed — Hard Fight-
ing— Hardee Abandons His Works — Retreats to Averysboro.
THE regiments of Sherman's army obtained such rest as they
might until January 15, 1865, when the columns were again set
in motion, this time heading northward. Lieut. Gen. Grant had sent
orders to Sherman to embark his troops and carry them to James
River to give direct aid in the overthrow of Richmond and Lee.
Sherman represented the difficulties of such transportation and prom-
ised to get them sooner and in better condition where Grant wanted
them, beside destroying the .enemy as he went. Grant yielded to
his request to be permitted to march them thither by land ; Golds-
boro being the first objective point.
Logan had returned from the North and, relieving Osterhaus, had
assumed command of the 15th Corps which greeted him with enthu-
siasm. The right wing moved thus: the 17th Corps by transports
from Humboldt to Beaufort, and thence marched to the Charleston
and Savannah railway near Pocotaligo.
358 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
The chaplain of the 6 nh [llinoia thus describes the skirmish at this
Btation :
" With Captain J, 1. Reynolds commanding we moved oat from Beaufort on the
il January buoyant and confident. Marching toward Pocotaligo we were op-
posed an 1 found it held by a small rebel force who, as we approached, was heard to
Bay. 'Ah! there they come,' 'they are Poster's niggers.' Whiz, bang, eomi
shell, our boys drop on seeing the flash and are up unharmed and <>a with double
fury. The thing is repeated but on go the hoys in blue A rebel officer looks
through his glass and is heard to say 'I'll ho if they ain't Sherman's soldiers.
Then and there was hurrying to and fro. An officer moves up the road and disap-
- ii grows dark and our troops entrench and hear movements of wagon- and
troops all night, at daybreak the enemy is gone, the fort is ours.
"We plant the stars and stripes there and change the name to Poke -em-till- i-go in
honor of the plan of the rebel general in leaving a small force to hold us at bay till
he could get out of the way.
"We remained there several days to complete an outfit or a farther movement,
but in the meantime we were not idle."
Logan's Corps went partly by transports and partly by land ;
Sloeum was instructed to move tbe left wing as follows : Kilpatrick
was to move with his mounted force against Coosawhatchie, South
Carolina, on (he Charleston and Savannah railway and Robert ville
on the Columbia road. Williams, in command of Jackson's and
Geary's divisions of the 20th corps, marched to Hardeeville, on the
Charleston railway where it was in communication with Howard's
command at Pocotaligo. Heavy rains, however, isolated these divis-
ions from the rest of the wing and they were compelled to move up
toward Sister's Ferry.
General Sherman says :
" On the 18th of January I transferred the city and forts of Savannah to Major-
General Foster, commanding the department of the South, imparted to him my plans
of operation, and instructed him how to follow my movements inland by occupying
in succession the city of Charleston and such other points along the sea coast as
would be of any military value to us. The combined naval and land-forces under
Admiral Porter and General Terry had, on the 15th of January, captured Fort Fish-
er and the rebel forts at the mouth of Cape Foar River, giving me an additional
point of security on the sea coast. But I had already resolved in my own mind, and
had so advised General Grant, that I would undertake at one stride to make Golds-
boro and open communication with the sea by the Newbern railroad, and ordered Col.
W. W. Wright, superintendent of military railroads, to proceed in advance to New-
bem and to be prepared to extend the railroad out from Newbern to Goldsboro by
the 15th of March.
SALKEHATCHIE LINE. 359
"On the 22d of January I embarked from Savannah for Hilton Head, where I held
a conference with Admiral Dahlgren, U. S. N., Maj.-Gen. Foster, commanding
the Department of the South, and next proceeding to Beaufort."
Awaiting the subsidence of swollen streams and the concentration
of his force the grand advance began on the first of February, though
some of the divisions had moved out of camp the day previous.
Says General Sherman :
"All the roads northward had been for weeks held by Wheeler's cavalry, who had
by details of negro laborers felled trees, burned bridges, and made obstructions to
impede our march. But so well organized were our pioneer battalions and so strong
and intelligent our men that obstructions seemed only to quicken their progress.
Felled trees were removed and bridges rebuilt by the heads of columns before the
rear could close up. On the 2d of February the 15th corps (Logan's) reached
Loper's cross-roads and the 17th was at River's Bridge. From Loper's crossroads I
communicated with General Slocum, still struggling with the floods of the Savannah
at Sister's Ferry. He had two divisions of the 20th corps, General Williams on the
east bank and was enabled to cross over on his pontoons the cavalry of Kilpatrick.
General Williams was ordered to Beaufort's Bridge by way of Lawtonville and
Allandale, Kilpatrick to Blockville via Barnwell and Gen. Slocum to hurry the cross-
ing at Sister's Ferry as much as possible and overtake the right wing on the
South Carolina railroad. General Howard with the right wing was directed to cross
the Solkehatchie and push rapidly for the South Carolina railway at or near Mid-
way. The enemy held the line of the Salkehatchie in force, having infantry and artil-
lery intrenched at River's and Beaufort's Bridge. The former position was carried
promptly and skillfully by Mower's and Giles A. Smith's divisions of the 17th corps, on
the 3d of February, by crossing the swamp nearly three miles wide with water varying
from knee to shoulder deep. The weather was bitter cold and Generals Mower and
Smith led their divisions in person on foot, waded the swamp, made a lodgment below
the bridge and turned on the rebel brigade which guarded it driving it in confusion
toward Branchville. Ourcasualties was one officer and seventeen men killed and
seventy men wounded. The line of the Salkehatchie being thus broken, the enemy,
retreated at once behind the Edisto at Branchville, and the whole army was pushed
rapidly to the South Carolina railroad at Midway, Bamberg (or Lowery's Station)
and Graham's Station."
The 17th corps forced the rebels to burn two important railway
bridges over the Edisto. On the 16th the railway was cut at Bau-
brey and at Midway, and the whole army worked at destroying the
road and cutting the rebel array in twain, one wing being at Branch-
ville and Charleston, the other at Aikin and Augusta — each expect-
ing " the vandals " who were cutting their way between them
marching to their destination, resistless as destiny.
IH'.l.l PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOI8.
On the i Ith Kilpatrick brought up his cavalry to threaten Augusta,
with orders not to be drawn into a battle. Be managed to avoid it,
bul had some serious skirmishing at Blackville, Wllliston and Aikin.
At this point Brevel Brig-General Atkins was in advance with the 2d
!.■. 92d 111. mounted infantry and 9th Michigan cavalry and
confronted Wheeler's massed force. The General made a gallant
Sghl bul was compelled to fall back to Kilpatrick's main line, near
Johnston Station. On the 13th Kilpatrick moved toward the South
Edi
On the 9th the 55th 111. — of proud record — did good service cross-
ing the South Edisto above Holman's Bridge, to strike the enemy's
Hank. To secure the crossing, the men made their way over floating
and fallen trees, until they reached a miserable swam)) through
which they waded near a mile before striking solid ground, but they
did their work and secured their position despite the enemy.
While the left wing continued railroad destruction west of Branch-
ville, Sherman, with the right, moved against Orangeburg. The
17th Corps, on the 12th, found a rebel force in front of Orangeburg
Bridge, but routed it, and crossed the bridge though partly consumed.
The whole corps was in Orangeburg by 4 P. M. destroying the road.
It wrecked it as far as Lewisville, and compelled the enemy to burn
the bridges across the Oongaree.
Hardee now saw whither Sherman was heading, and evacuated
Charleston, and retreated to Florence. General Gilmore's men
occupied the cradle of the rebellion on the 18th, and made it rock
with their shouts.
And now for Columbia. The 17th Corps marched gaily along
the State road; Logan's corps crossed the North Edisto at Schilling's
bridge, and moved by a county road, entering the State road atZeig-
lcr's. February loth Logan found the enemy in strong position at
a bridge crossing the Little Congaree, with a tete-du-pont on the
south side, while on the north was a sturdy fort, defended with
artillery commanding the bridge. Stone's brigade was ordered into
a cypress swamp, to the left, to turn the left Hank of the tete-du-pont;
the 111th was in the skirmish line — the cypress was threaded, the
flank turned, the bridge seized, though partly in flames, and the fort
captured. The bridge was repaired for the ]i>assage of artillery, and
INTO COLUMBIA. 361
that delay made it nightfall before the head of the column reached
the bridge leading- across the Congaree into Columbia. Daylight
found the bridge in Haines, and the army halted for the pontoons.
There was commotion in the streets, but no large force, though
there were cavalry squads, at which one shot was fired by a battery,
and only one. On the 16th Howard crossed the Saluda three miles
above the city, skirmishing with rebel cavalry ; the same night he
threw a bridge over Broad River, and crossed Stone's brigade.
General Sherman says :
" Under cover of this brigade a pontoon bridge was laid, on the morning of the
17th. I was in person at this bridge, and at 11 A. M., learned that the mayor of
Columbia had come out in a carriage, and made a formal surrender of the city to
Colonel Stone, of the 25th Iowa, commanding 3d brigade, 1st division, 15th corps.
About the same time, a small party of the 17th corps had crossed the Congaree in a
.skiff, and entered Columbia, from a point immediately west. In anticipation of the
occupation of the city, I had made written orders to General Howard, touching the
conduct of the troops. They were to destroy absolutely all arsenals and public
property not needed for our own use, as well as all railroads, depots and machinery
useful in war to an enemy, but to spare all dwellings, colleges, schools, asylums and
harmless private property. I was first to cross the pontoon bridge, and in company
with General Howard, rode into the city. The day was clear, but a perfect tempest
of wind was raging. The brigade of Colonel Stone was already in the city, and was
properly posted. Citizens and soldiers were on tiie streets, and general good order
prevailed. General Wade Hampton, who commanded the rebel rear-guard of cav-
alry, had, in anticipation of our capture of Columbia, ordered that all cotton, public
and private, should be moved into the streets and fired, to prevent our making use
of it. Bales were piled everywhere, the rope and bagging cut, and tufts of cot-
ton were blown about in the wind, lodged in the trees and against houses, so as to
resemble a perfect snow-storm. Some of these piles of cotton were burning, es-
pecially one in the very heart of the city, near the court-house, but the fire was par-
tially subdued by the labor of our soldiers."
The upshot was, during the night those smoldering fires burst
into flame, and in spite the efforts of Sherman and his corps com-
manders, much of the beautiful city was laid in ashes. It caused a
bitter correspondence between Hampton and Sherman. Sherman
says, with Jimius-like severity :
" And without hesitation, I charge General Wade Hampton with having burned
his own city of Columbia, not with a malicious intent, or as the manifestation of a
» silly ' Roman stoicism,' but from folly and want of sense, in filling it with lint, cot-
ton and tinder.'
362 PATRIOTISM <>l* II. 1. 1'-'
During ill" l^ih and 19th the arsenal, depots, machine Bhops,
foun leri< s, etc., were destroy ed, and the railway broken up to Ki
and Wateree Bridge. Thai General Sherman and his com-
manders <li'i their atmosl to Bave the private property of Columbia
from ruin, is trm . bul it. is as true thai in the army there was perfect
resignation to the fate that thus came upon the capital of the fire-
eating State of Calhoun, and the more because Columbia had b sen
one of the prison pens of tlie cruel, heartless rulers of (lie Confeder-
acy. The rank and file believe. 1 that nothing so well became the
city a< its robes of flame. South Carolina was associated with ram-
panl State Rights hen sy, with defiance of law, contempt of authority
and defiance of the constitutional prerogatives of the Federal Govern-
ment.
Slocum came within two miles of Columbia, and was to march by
the let'i againsl Winnsboro, and moved at once. On the 18th lie broke
up the railroad from Alston, fourteen miles northward including the
Broad River Bridge. He reached Winnsboro on the 21st.
The right wing joined it there. Kilpatrick moved to Robertville,
February 3d, and making Lawtonville on the 4th, Allandale on the
5th, on the Oth threatened Augusta, driving a rebel brigade, then
turned squarely to the right, and crossed the Salkehatchie a little
below Barnwell. Here the enemy, about 300 strong, had cho
strong position behind heavy earthworks, commanding the bridge
already blazing. With a shout the 92d Illinois, under Lieutenant-
Colonel Van Buskirk, and the Oth Ohio cavalry dashed into the
swam]., waded water up to their arm-pits, and despite the rebel
artillery, carried the works, and scattered the enemy toward Barnwell.
The bridge, only partly burned, was repaired, and at 4 P. M. Kil-
patrick rode into the town. The next day a brigade of Wheeler's
was driven from Blockville on the Charleston and Atlanta railroad.
For a short time there was a halt for the "weary horsemen, sp nt,
however, in destroying railway. On the evening of the 8th Colonel
Spencer's brigade had a sharp and successful engagement with a
portion of Wheeler's cavalry. On the 11th General Atkins was
reconnoitering in the vicinity of Aikin; be rode unharmed into the
town, but was suddenly attacked by Wheeler's entire force. It
made the attack boldly, but the little brigade, though aware that it
WINNSBOEO. 363.
was outnumbered heavily, bravely stood its ground, and slowly fell
back, grimly fighting, determined to hold the foe in check until Kil-
patrick could make his disposition to check his advance. The end
was attained, and after a sharp and bloody rencounter Wheeler fell
back to Aikin. Our cavalry remained at Johnston's threatening
Augusta and destroying track until the 12th, when it crossed the
South Edisto, and encamped above it. It continued its ceaseless
movements ; on the 15th struck the Lexington and Augusta road,
on the 17th crossed the Saluda, and found that "Wheeler was head-
ing for the Broad River railroad bridge at Alston's ; on the 18th it
held along its way parallel to the rebel General Cheatham's corps,
sometimes within three miles, and only prevented by a deep, tangled
water-course from striking him a swift blow in flank ; it cut the rail-
way at Pomaria Station, destroyed the depot, " fixed " the track, and
destroyed several bridges ; on the 18th reached Alston's Station ; on
the 19th crossed Broad River, and on the 20th reached Monticello
to learn that Wheeler was across the river moving on Chesterfield.
It had done a full share of hard fighting, and rough campaigning.
The position was an exciting one. Our infantry was being concen-
trated in the vicinity of Winnsboro, on the Charlotte and South
Carolina Raih-oad, and, until now, the campaign from Columbia had
indicated a purpose to go into Virginia by the inland route, via
Charlotte. Sherman had again confused and misled his enemy, but
now a point was nearing when a battle seemed unavoidable, and this
time under his old adversary, Joe Johnston, who had superseded
Bragg in chief command.
Slocum reached Winnsboro on the 21st of Februaiy. The 20th
Corps reached Rocky Mount on the 2 2d, and laid a pontoon bridge
over the Catawba, which it crossed on the 23d. The same night Kil-
patrick crossed in a drenching rain, and marched up to Lancaster,
as though leading a grand demonstration against Charlotte, North
Carolina, to which Beauregard had gone with a strong cavalry force
'from Columbia. Sherman says, " I was also aware that Cheatham's
corps of Hood's old army was aiming to make a junction with Beau-
regard at Charlotte, having been cut off by our rapid movement on
Columbia and Winnsboro."
The progress for some days is clearly told by General Sherman in
his report :
IU\\ r.Vi RI0TI8M 01 ELLIK
\
••From the 28d to the 26th we badheavj rains, Bwelling the rivera wad making
the roadfl almost impassable. The 20th corps reached Hang Rock on the 20th, and
Ith corps, to get across the Catawba. The heavy rain- had
Hen the river that the pontoon bridge broke and General Davis had very hard
work to restore it, and get his command across. Atla ded, and the left
wing was put in tion for the Cheraw.
" in the meantime the right wing had broken up the railroad to Mindoro, and then
turned for Pea's Ferry, where ii crossed over the Catawba before the heavy ra
in, the 17th corps moving straight on to Cheraw, via Xoung'e Bridge, and the 15th
corps! i!"l Killer's Bridges. From this latter corps detachmenl
into Camden to burn the brides over the Waterec, with the railroad depot, stores,
\ small force of mounted men under Captain Duncan, was also dispatched to
make a dash and interrupt the railroad from Charleston to Florence, but it met
Butler's division of cavalry, and after a sharp skirmish al Mount Elon, was com-
pelled to return unsuccessful. Much bad road was en intered at Lynch's Creek,
which delayed the right wing about the same length of time as the left wing had
i the Catawba.
the '-''I of March the leading division of the 20th corps entered Chesterfield,
skirmishing with Butler's division of cavalry, and the tic i daj aboul noon the 17th
corps entered Cheraw, the enemy retreating across the Pedee and burning the bridge
at that point. A.1 Cheraw we found much ammunition and many guns, which had
been brought froni Charleston, on the evacuation of that city. These were destroyed,
. the railroad trestlesand bridges as far down as Darlington. An expedition
of mounted infantry was Bern down to Florence, but it encountered both cavalry and
infantry, and returned, having □ up, in part, the branch road from Florence
to Cheraw.
" Without unnecessary delay, the columns were put in motion, directed on Fay-
etteville, North Carolina, the right wing crossing the Pedee at Cheraw, and the left
id eavalrv at Sneedsboro. General Kilpatrick was ordered to keep well down
the Left flank, and the 14th corps, movii ras given the right to
enter and occupy Fayetteville first. The weather continued unfavorable, and the
roads bad, but the 14th and 17th corps reached Fayetteville by the 11th of March,
skirmishing with Wade Hampton's cavalry, thai covered the rear of Hardee's re-
treating army, which, as usual, had crossed Cape Fear River, burning the bridge.
During the march from the Pedee, General Kilpatrick had kept his cavalry well on
the left and exposed flank. During the nighl of March 9th, his three brigades were
divided to picket the r Is. < leneral Hampton detecting this, dashed in al daj light,
gained possession of the house in which General Kilpatrick and Colonel Spencer had
tle-ir quarters. The surprise was complete, but General Kilpatrick quickly succeed-
ed in rallying his men on foot in a swam]) near by, and by a prompt attack, well
followed up, regained his artillery, horses, camp, and everything, saving some pris-
oners, which the enemy carried off, leaving their dead on the ground.
"The 12th, 13th and 11th corps were passed at Fayetteville, destroying absolutely
the United States arsenal and the vast amount of machinery which formerly be-
longed to the old Harper's Ferry United States arsenal. Every building was
knocked down and burned, and every piece of machinery utterly broken up and
WILMINGTON. 365
ruined, by the 1st Regiment Michigan Engineers, under the immediate supervision
of Colonel 0. M. Poe, Chief Engineer. Much valuable property of great use to the
enemy was here destroyed or cast into the river.
"Up to this period I had perfectly succeeded in interposing my superior army be-
tween the scattered parts of my enemy. But I was then aware that the fragments
that had left Columbia under Beauregard, had been reinforced by Cheatham's corps
from the west, and the garrison of Augusta, and that ample time had been given
them to move to my front and flank about Raleigh. Hardee had also succeeded in
getting across Cape Fear River ahead of me, and could therefore complete the
junction with the other armies of Johnston and Hoke, in North Carolina. And the
whole, under the command of the skillful and experienced Joe. Johnston, made up
an army superior to me in cavalry, and formidable enough in artillery and infantry
to justify me in extreme caution in making the last step necessary in the march I
had undertaken. Previous to reaching Fayetteville, I had dispatched to Wilming-
ton from Sorrel Hill Church, two of our best scouts, with intelligence of our po-
sition and my general plans. Both of these messengers reached Wilmington, and
on the morning of the 12th of March, the army tug Davidson reached Fayetteville
From Wilmington, bringing me full intelligence of events from the outer world.
On the same day this tug carried back to General Terry, at Wilmington, and General
Schofield, at Newbern, my dispatches to the effect that, on Wednesday, the 15th, we
would move for Goldsboro, feigning on Raleigh, and ordering them to march straight
for Goldsboro, which I expected to reach about the 20th."
Here we may pause and trace the line of the troops thus ordered
to co-operate. After Fort Fisher was captured by Terry and Por-
ter, Wilmington was next to be taken. Schofield had been put in
charge of the Department of North Carolina, and was in com-
mand. By a series of brilliant movements, he gained the main de-
fenses of Cape Fear river and Wilmington, capturing ten heavy guns
and much ammunition, with little loss. With his gallant subordi-
nates, Cox and Terry, he continued to gain important advantages
until the 22d of February, when General Terry entered Wilmington,
capturing fifty-one heavy, fifteen light guns, stores, ammunition, &o.
Then, as we have seen, he pushed on to join his old commander
at Goldsboro, fought his way gallantly and successfully, and justified
the choice of Lieutenant-General Grant, of the commander, for this
important and difficult command.
A correspondent of the Chicago Tribune thus describes what he
saw after the capture of the city. It is one of the many chapters of
loyal suffering and rebel barbarity — a barbarity worse than the quick
cruelty of Thugs :
" In the opinion of eminent engineers, Cape Fear .river, from Wil.
866 PATEIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
mington to the oci an, is more Btrongly fortified than any one of our
northern harbors, or any river in the world — nineteen forts and bat-
- line its approaches within the short distance named, all of the
heaviest character, most scientifically constructed, ami thoroughly
armed — three lines of formidable obstructions, consisting of piles,
torpedoes, sunken ships and cribs, chain cable, and rafts of heavy
timber securely fastened together. The entire front of this line, was
covered by succession of lakes and deep swamps, stretching from
theriver to the ocean, and only crossed by two narrow causeways.
Then three miles outside of these works was a second Btrong line.
Theoity -was capable of stronger defense than any we hive taken dur-
ing the Avar. Its only lack was in men.
" Scholield was most heartily congratulated on all sides for this
flattering result of his combination. Only one division, the 3d, and
one brigade, Moore's, of the 2d Army Corps, were engaged. The
remainder of the 23d Corps did not arrive. The total loss on both
sides of the river after Schofield took command, will fall a trifle be-
low 200. This was owing to the fact that the position assaulted
could be turned. But few citizens left the city, except such as the
enemy forced to enter the ranks. All able-bodied men hid them-
selves and thronged the streets as soon as our forces entered. The
ladies were also out in force, and the negroes crowded all the ave-
nues. Not a symptom of animosity was displayed by man, woman
or child throughout the day. Early in the morning a large class of
citizens began to help themselves to goods in various stores, but a
provost guard soon stopped this traffic, so peculiar to rebel towns.
" The city contains a number of very fine church edifices and pub-
lic buildings, and many beautiful private residences, but these serve
to make the general shabbiness of the rest more conspicuous. The
Union prisoners had been confined at Camp Lamb, about nine miles
from the city, and their treatment was worthy of fiends from hell,
Though agreements for a general exchange had been completed at
Richmond, the starving process goes on. For three days before the
evacuation, these prisoners had not received a mouthful to eat.
" To the credit of citizens, many attempts were made to relieve
them, but food in all cases was taken away from them by order of
the officer in command, and trodden into the ground before the eyes
ILLINOIS PRISONERS. 367
of prisoners and citizens. It was thought that 700 were recovered,
but many in a dying condition. All which has appeared in the pub-
lic prints in regard to this matter, utterly fails to prepare one for the
awful reality.
" After nerving myself for the visit, and trying to picture all its
horrors, while riding slowly over a mile to the house where they had
been collected, my brain reeled for a moment as the sickening reality
burst upon me. An officer came in, and those who had never quailed
on the field of death, whose cheeks had never blanched, stood
aghast with tears in their eyes, grinding their teeth, clenching their
hands, and thanking God that there was a hell. Pale, haggard and
emaciated skeletons glared on us from glassy eyes, whose light of
reason was just expiring. With matted hair, and skin blackened
with smoke, scai-cely covered with the filthiest shreds of cast-off*
rebel clothing, without blankets, and most of them without coats
and shoes, they gazed on us with almost idiotic stare, while the ma-
jority could with difficulty be roused from their listlessness.
" Many had forgotten their names. Some could be aroused by
asking them of home, wives and children ; these magic words bring-
ing them back from the grave into which they were sinking with
hands clutching the bread our soldiers brought. As they lay there
dying, an old negro woman passed from one to another, tenderly
smoothing their awful passage to the grave, knowing that the authors
of all this misery had escaped. How consoling to repeat, ' Ven-
geance is mine, I will repay, saith the Lord.'
" The following are the names of the Western soldiers in this build-
ing, and as many more are scattered through the town :
" Joseph Elmrich, 1st Ohio artillery ; John H. Ashmend, 80th In-
diana ; George Oswald, Company F, 5th Ohio, Cincinnati ; G. H.
Clark, 1st Wisconsin ; William T. Collins, Company G, 18th Mis-
souri ; Albert McCarter, Company I, 7th Indiana ; James Cochrane,
Company H, 8th Iowa cavalry ; William F. Everman, Company H,
8th Iowa cavalry ; James W. Hays, Company F, 8th Iowa cavalry ;
Thomas Rhodes, Company I, 3d Illinois cavalry ; John Taylor, 12th
United States; Taylor Worded, Company II, 14th Illinois cavalry;
F. Ronodent, Company D, 20th cavalry; William D. Mingor, 2d
Kentucky cavalry; Gottert Sting, 14th Illinois cavalry; Joseph At-
PATRIOTISM OP ILLINOIS.
1. l-t Indiana: John W. Lee, Company G, l Ith Illinois caval-
John Z rveirson, Company [, 16th Wisconsin; Croyden Pierce,
\ .''.nil [ndiana; Thomas < '. Groves, Company K, 90th
Illinois ; William Plumb, Company K. 1 nli Illinois cavalry; Wil-
liam Munshaw, Company II, 5th Michigan."
It was honible traveling, bul Sherman se1 forward March 1 5th.
Kilpatrick was in Slocum's advance, moving up the river or plank
'-. and had a sharp encounter with the rebel cavalry in
the vicinity .if Taylor's Hob Creek. II >ward sent his trains t<> the
right toward Faison's depot and Goldsboro, keeping four divisions
in lighl order, ready to go to the aid of Slocum, if needed.
Hardee had attempted an imitation of the policy of General Grant
toward Lee, and halted in force in a swampy, narrow neck, lying
between South an<l Cape Fear Rivers, hoping to hold Sherman in-
active unt;l Johnston could concentrate Ins whole force at some
point in Hardee's rear, such as Goldsboro, Raleigh or Smithfield.
It was necessary to dislodge him, and tic- enterprise was formidable,
as he commanded 20,000 men veteran troops, with artillery, infan-
try and cavalry, ami a position of his own choosing. Sherman
wanted the Goldshoro road, ami he aNo wished to keep up the ap-
pearance of moving on Raleigh.
Slocum was ordered to rout him. Williams' 20th corps was first,
and it was led in turn by Wood's division. Rhett's brigade of Con-
federate artillery, armed as infantry, were stationed across the road,
protected by a slighl parapet, with a strong battery fairly sweeping
the approach. Case's brigade was sent to the left, turned Rhett's
line, and by a quick charge, broke it. The rebels fell back to a sec-
ond and stronger line. Three guns and 217 prisoners, of whom C8
were wounded, were captured. The main rebel line extended from
Black River on their left, to Cape Fear River on the right, covering
fairly the roads to Goldsboro, Smithfield and Raleigh. On the 16th,
Carlin and Morgan brought up their men, and a desperate, but un-
successful effort was made to clear the Goldsboro road, but the en-
emy held his position, though severely punished. During the nigh*
he abandoned the line and fell back to Averysboro, chased by
Wood's division, leaving his dead and wounded.
CHAPTER XXII.
REGIMENTAL SKETCHES.
The Ninety-second — Rebel Treatment of Prisoners — Brevet Major General Smith
D. Atkins — Color Bearer " Gedee " Scott — " For God's sake Save the Flag " —
The Ninety-third — From Atlanta to Savannah — The Ninety-fifth — Regimental
Statistics — Colonel Thomas W. Humphrey — The Ninety-eighth — A Fatal Acci-
dent— The Ninety-ninth — The Assault upon Vicksburg — The One Hundred and
First — Running the Blockade — The One Hundred and Second — Capture of a
Bank — The One Hundred and Third — Death of Colonel Dickerman — The One
Hundred and Fifth — The One Hundred and Eighth — Port Gibson and Champion
Hills — The One Hundred and Ninth — A brief but Disgraceful Record — The
One Hundred and Tenth — Heavy Losses — The One Hundred and Eleventh — Gal-
lant Charge at Resaca — The One Hundred and Twelfth — Sanders' Raid — The
One Hundred 3nd Thirteenth — Colonel Geo. B. Hodge — The Rankin Family.
NINETY-SECOND ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
THE 92(1 infantry was organized at Rockford and mustered into
the service September 4, 1862. It was composed of five com-
panies from Ogle, three from Stephenson and two from Carroll Coun-
ties. The following is the original roster :
Colonel, Smith D. Atkins ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Benjamin F. Sheets ; Major, John
H. Bohn ; Adjutant, I. C. Lawver ; Quartermaster, George W. Marshall ; Surgeon,
Clinton Helm ; 1st Assistant, Thomas Winston ; 2d Assistant, Nathan Stevenson;
Chaplain, Rev. 0. D. W. White.
Co. A — Captain, William J. Ballinger; 1st Lieutenant, Harvey Simms ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William Cox.
Co. B — Captain, Wilbur W. Dennis; 1st Lieutenant, William H. Crowell; 2d
Lieutenant, E. F. Bander.
Co. C. — Captain, William Stouffer ; 1st Lieutenant, Robert M. A. Hawk ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Norman Lewis.
Co. D — Captain, Lyman Preston ; 1st Lieutenant, George R. Skinner; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Oscar F. Sammis.
Co. E — Captain, Matthew Van Buskirk ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph L. Spear; 2d
Lieutenant, Jeremiah Vorhis.
Co. F — Captain, Christopher T. Dunham; 1st Lieutenant, Alfred G. Dunham ; 3d
Lieutenant, William C. Dove.
24
370 PATRIOTISM OF II.I.TXOtS.
Co. Q — Captain, John If. Schermerhorn ; 1st Lieutenant, John Gfahwiller; 2tl
Lieutenant, Justin N. Parker.
Co. H — Captain, James Brice ; 1st Lieutenant, .lames Dawson; 2d Lieutenant,
Edward Mason.
Co. I Captain, Egberl T. E. Becker; 1st Lieutenant, David B. Colehour ; 2d
Lieutenant, Alexander If. York.
Co. K — Captain, Albert Woodcock ; 1st Lieutenant, Horace J. Smith; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Horace C. Scoville.
The regiment lefl Ro<3kford on the 11th of October, 1862, for Cin-
cinnati, and passed through Chicago on the afternoon of the same
day. The time spent in Rockford had been well employed in drill,
and the soldierly appearance of the regiment attracted the atten-
tion of our citizens who thronged the streets along the line of its
march. Arriving at Cincinnati it was assigned to General Baird's
Division, Army of Kentucky. It marched immediately into the in-
i rior of the State, and was ordered on the last of Oetober to Mt.
Sterling, K\\, to guard the place from rebel raids. It soon gained
a reputation throughout Kentucky and was known as "The Aboli-
tion R sgiment." Its anti-slavery sentiments were fully tested, even
at the point of the bayonet. Its Colonel was sued antl indicted in
several of the civil courts of the State for stealing, as was alleged,
'•men chattels." At the solicitation of prominent slaveholders, the
regiment was finally relieved at Mt. Sterling and ordered to Dan-
ville, Ky. Here the brigade was reorganized and the command giv-
en to Colonel Atkins, who continued to hold it until the regiment
was mounted. On the 26th of January, 18G3, the 92d with General
Baird's division was ordered to the Army of the Cumberland. Dur-
ing its stay in Kentucky, it lost nearly two hundred by death and
discharge. The regiment was not permitted to leave Kentucky
without a renewal of its difficulties with slave masters. The com-
mand was followed to Louisville, where General Gordon Granger
issued an order, to appease the wrath of slave hunters, to the effect
" that all slaves who had found their way into our lines during our
stay in Kentucky, should be delivered to their masters or be left at
Louisville." This order was in direct conflict Avith orders from tho
War Department, and was openly disobeyed.
.Many amusing scenes occurred during these troubles, one of
which is here mentioned, as illustrating the earnest zeal of the slave-
THE NINETY-SECOND INFANTRY. 371
holders. At Harrodsburg, during the march to Louisville, a well-
dressed lady entered the ranks and collared a robust man, claiming
him as her chattel, and endeavoring to drag him from the ranks.
" Sam " did not seem to appreciate the beauties of the " sacred in-
stitution," and refused to go. The lady called her neighbors to
help her, but they stood in fear of bayonets in the hands of aboli-
tionists, and refused their aid. Colonel Sheets, viewing the scene
from the head of the regiment, ordered the band to play " Kingdom
Come," and the regiment, joining in the chorus, sang with a genuine
anti-slavery zeal.
Arriving at Nashville, the command moved to Franklin, Tennes-
see, and immediately started in pursuit of Van Dorn,who had a few
days before captured the command of Colonel Coburn. When the
Army of the Cumberland advanced from Murfreesboro, the 92d had
a prominent part with the right wing of the army. With a portion
of the cavalry, it occupied Shelby ville on the 27th of June. On the
5th of July it was ordered to rebuild a permanent wagon-bridge
over Duck River, Bragg having in his retreat burned all the bridges.
With no tools but axes and shovels, Colonel Sheets marched the 92d
from Wartrail to the river, and in forty-eight hours a permanent
bridge was completed, over which the trains of the army crossed
and recrossed during the war. On the morning following this work,
General Rosecrans ordered that the regiment be mounted and armed
with the Spencer Repeating Rifle, and attached to Colonel YVilder's
brigade of General Thomas' corps, in which corps it remained while
General Rosecrans commanded the army. Horses and horse equip-
ments were scarce. A few were obtained through the quartermas-
ter's department, and, mounted on captured saddles of every grade
and style, a portion of the regiment started out, with orders to press
all the serviceable horses, mules and colored men they could find,
and bring them into camp. In three days they reported to Colonel
Wilder, at Dechard, with three hundred and fifty negroes and thir-
teen hundred horses and mules. The colored men fought for the
flag, and the horses and mules were worn out in the government
service.
From this date the greater part of the time was spent in the sad-
dle, and with its Spencer rifles the regiment became a terror to the
373 PATRIOTISM OF [LLIH
rebel cavalry, and gained a reputation si oond to no regimenl in our
army. Daring some forty battles and skirmishes, in which it, was
afterward engaged, it was nol once driven from the field. For its
thorough discipline, much is due io Lieutenant-Colonel (now Brevet
Brigadier-General) Benjamin F. Sheets. The regimenl for many
months was in command of this excellent officer.
Crossing the mountains from Dechard, Tennessee, it had pari in
movements opposite and above Chattanooga, which deceived
_• a to the poinl where the army was to cross the river. Hav-
ing accomplished this, it recrossed the mountains via Bridgeport,
and joined General Thomas a1 Trenton, Alabama. On the morning
of the 9lk of September, it led the advance to Chattanooga, drove
the rebels from Point Lookout, and entered the rebel stronghold,
unfurling from the Crutchfield House the first Union banner since
Tennesse • had attached herself to the Confederate cause.* As soon
as General Crittenden's troops came up, the 92d started in pursuit
of the rebels. At Ringgold, Georgia, it came upon a brigade of
Forrest's cavalry, and drove them from the town, killing and wound-
ing a large number.
During this engagemenl an amusing incident occurred. As onr
line was pressing the rebels back, a German, from Company F,
came down from the rebel ranks, horseless and hatless. Approach-
ing Colonel Sheets, he cried out, " O Colonel, they shoots mine
horse; they shoots mine coat here and there; they shoots mine
pants; they spoils mine gun, and I isli almost dead." And sure
enough, he had dashed up to their lines, and had his horse killed,
and himself escaped on foot, with three bullet-holes through his cloth-
ing, and the half of the breech of his gun shot away.
In April, 1864, the regiment appeared once more at Ringgold,
Georgia. Here it lost itsfir^t prisoners. On the morning of the 23d
of April, Lieutenant (afterward Captain) Scovill, in command of a
picket post at Nickojack Gap, nine miles from Ringgold, was at-
tacked by an overwhelming force, and after a gallant fight himself
and twenty-one men were captured, and one man killed. Of the
* J. S. C. Ahbott, in his Ilistory of the War, erroneously mentions the 97th Ohio
as the first regiment in Chattanooga. The official records show the 92d there nearly
two hours before other troops arrived.
CRUEL TREATMENT OF PRISONERS. 373
men thus captured, twelve were shot down and murdered. Six of
these were taken from the field dead, and six died of the wounds
inflicted. The men who escaped this inhuman treatment were
doomed to a more cruel death. They suffered the tortures of Ander-
sonville, and most of them lie buried there.
From Ringgold, Georgia, on the 7th of May, 1864, the regiment
entered upon the Atlanta campaign, leading the advance of General
Sherman's army. From Kingston, Georgia, in this campaign, it was
commanded by Major (brevet Lieutenant-Colonel) Albert Woodcock,
a faithful, efficient, Christian officer. It had been assigned to Gen-
eral Kilpatrick's command, and is entitled to a large share of the
honor won by Kilpatrick's division.
Tts march was the scene of constant battles and skirmishes, the
most important of which were Resaca, the raid around Atlanta,
Bethsaida Church, Flint River Bridge and Jonesboro. The charge
at Flint River was witnessed by Major-General Howard, who
complimented the men by telling them he had never witnessed u
more brilliant charge. In the fight near Jonesboro, the regiment lost
one-fifth of the men engaged. From Mount Gilead Church, west of
Atlanta, it moved out, on the 1st of October, to take part in the op-
erations against Hood's array. At Powder Springs it had a severe
engagement, losing a large number in killed and wounded. Return-
ing to Marietta, it commenced preparation for the march to the sea.
It was commanded, during its subsequent service, by Lieutenant-Col-
onel Matthew Van Buskirk, and assigned to General Atkins' brigade
of Kilpatrick's division. During this march it was often engaged
with Wheeler's cavalry, and added new laurels to its reputation.
An engagement demanding especial mention was at Macon, Avhere
the regiment fought three or four times its number, driving the reb-
els from their works, capturing, killing and wounding quite a num-
ber. On the following morning it was attacked by a brigade of
rebels, who seemed furious, and determined to capture the regiment.
Reserving its fire until the rebels were within easy range, it opened
on them with its Spencer rifles, and scattered them. At Waynes-
boro, on the 4th of December, it was ordered to charge Wheeler's
cavalry, who were strongly posted in a well-selected position, and
inaccessible except by front attack. At daylight the order of battle
."■71 PATRIOTISM OS ILLINOIS.
wad formed, and, 'ill being ready, the charge was Bounded. The 92d
dismounted and moved forward in Bplendid order. Climbing the
eminence before it, ander a very heavy fire, it halted nol for ;i mo-
ment, bul drove the rebels from three successive lines Of barricades,
scattering them in confusion, and killing and capturing more than
its own number. From Savannah to North Carolina, Kilpatriok's
command kept the extreme left flank of the army. Its battles and
skirmishes with Wheeler's and Hampton's cavalry were numerous.
At Aiken, South Carolina, the 92d was completely surrounded by a
division of rebel cavalry, and in a hand-to-hand encounter cut its
way out-. At the crossing of the Salkehatchie River, near Barn-
well, the 92<l charged the rebels from behind earthworks on the op-
posite side. Colonel Bowman, of General Sherman's stall', writing
of this, says ; " The 92d Illinois Mounted Infantry, Lieutenant-
Colonel Van Buskirk, dashed through the swamp, the men wading
in the water up to their armpits, crossed the stream on trees felled by
the pioneers, ami, under cover of a rapid fire of artillery, gallantly
carried the works, driving the enemy in confusion towaid the town
of Barnwell."
Tin- 92d had part in the fight at Bentonville. This was its last
M'lneiit with the rebels. Here Captain Hawk, Company C, was
severely wounded, losing his leg. The people of Carroll County
have shown their appreciation of him by electing him to the office of
County Clerk.
This regiment lost in the aggregate more men than the average of
regiments. Its ranks were kept well tilled by constant enlistments.
Its record is one that dots honor to the state and credit to its mem-
bers. It was engaged in some forty battles and skirmishes, num-
bering some of the most sanguinary of the war. It was mustered
out at Concord, North Carolina, and discharged at Chicago, July
10, 1865.
The following is the muster-out roster :
General, Smith D. Atkins : Lieutenant-Colonel, Matthew Van Buskirk ; Major, Al-
bert Woodcock ; Adjutant, Charles C. Freegard ; Quartermaster, Lieutenant Philip
Sweeley ; Surgeon, Clinton Helm ; Assistant Surgeon, Nathan Stevenson ; Chap-
lain, Barton H. Cartwright.
Co. A — Captain, Harvey Simms ; 1st Lieutenant, William Cox ; 2d Lieutenant,
William H. Frost.
BREVET MAJOR-GEXERAL S. D. ATKINS. 375
Co. B — Captain, Horace J. Smith; 1st Lieutenant, Henry C. Cooling; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Miles B. Light.
Co. C — Captain, Robert M. Hawk; 1st Lieutenant, Norman Lewis; 2d Lieuten-
ant, George P. Sutton.
Co. D — Captain, Lyrua-n Preston ; 1st Lieutenant, George R. Skinner ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Oscar F. Samniis.
Co. E — Captain, Joseph L. Spear ; Lieutenant, Robert J. Huie.
Co. F — Captain, William B. Mayer.
Co. G — Captain, John M. Schermerhorn ; 1st Lieutenant, Harry G. Fowler; 2d
Lieutenant, William McCammons.
Co. H — Captain, John F. Nelson; 1st Lieutenant, John F. Nettleton ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Crawford B. Bowles.
Co. I — Captain, Egbert T. E. Becker ; 2d Lieutenant, Joshua S. McRea.
Co. K — Captain, Horace C. Scovill ; 1st Lieutenant, Peleg R. Walker; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James D. White.
Brevet Major-General Smith D. Atkins was born June 9, 1835,
near Elmira, Chemung County, New York, and removed to Illinois
with his father's family in 1848, and lived on a farm till 1850, when he
went to learn printing in the office of the Prairie Democrat, the first
paper published in Freeport. He was educated at Rock River Semi-
nary, Mt. Morris, Illinois, working in the printing office and attend-
ing school, and in 1852 had control as foreman of the Mt. Morris
Gazette, still attending school. In June, 1853, he bought out the
paper with C. C. Allen, late Major on the staff of Major-General
Schofield, and established the Register, at Savannah, Carroll County.
In the fall of 1853 he entered the law office of Hiram Bright, in Free-
port, as student at law, and was admitted to practice on the 27th of
June, 1855. After admission to the bar he read law a short time in
the office of Goodrich and Scoville, Chicago, and began practice in
Freeport, September 1, 1856. In 1860 he canvassed for Lincoln,
making a speech in review of the Dred Seott decision, which went
through several editions. He was elected State's Attorney of the
14th Judicial Circuit. On the 17th of April, 1861, he was trying a
criminal case in the Stephenson Circuit Court when a telegram
brought news that Lincoln had called for volunteers , and sitting
dowm in the court room, General Atkins wrote an enlistment roll and
signed it — the first man in his county to enlist as a private soldier —
and telling the jury that he would be a soldier, if spared, until the
stars and stripes again floated on the ramparts of Fort Sumter, and
376 PATRIOTISM OF Illinois.
acknowledged throughoul the laud, he lefl the case in the
charge of another attorney, half tried, and marched through the
tsof Fr< eporl with a baud of music, and by dark had a hundred
men enlisted. He was unanimously elected Captain, and went at
on •«• to Springfield, and was mustered as Captain Company A, l Ith
Illinois Volunteers. He enlisted for three years again as a private,
and was again mustered as Captain Company A, nth Illinois Volun-
. at Bird's Point, for three years. Captain Atkins had the
onlj maxim mui company in that regiment. II«' wisal Donelson with
an unexpired leave of absence in his pocket, sick, but in command
of his company, taking sixty-eighl men into the fight, and coming
out with but twenty-three. He was promoted to Major of the 1 1th
for services at Fort Donelson, Colonel Wallace being promoted I o
Brigadier-General. lie went on the staff of General Hurlbut as A.
A. A. G. by special assignment of Major-General Grant, immediately
after the battle of Donelson, and as such was engaged with General
Hurlbut in the battle of -Pittsburg Landing, receiving special mention
for gallantry. Compelled by illness to resign after the battle of
Pittsburg Landing, he spent a couple of months on the sea coast.
R vering in time to take the stump to raise troops under the call
of 1862, he raised the 92d Illinois, and was mustered as Colonel at
Rockford, September t, 1862. The Colonel was in command of the
regimenl until January 17, 1863, when he was placed in command of
a brigade. While the regiment was at Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, it
being the first Yankee regiment that had visited that part, very many
slaves flocked to it, begging for protection, saying that they would
work, fight, or do anything for their freedom. The owners of the slaves
soon followed, and demanded that the Colonel should give up their
property. The Colonel replied that neither he nor his boys were
•nsible for the action of their slaves in leaving them ; that Illi-
nois troops had proved their nobility on too many bloody battle fields
to be used as slave hounds in driving back to them their human chat-
tels. They then laid their grievances before the Colonel command-
ing the brigade, a Kentuckian. He ordered Colonel Atkins to
deliver up the slaves. Colonel Atkins refused to obey the order.
The fugitives were never given up. The Colonel was sued for
human chattels appropriated by his regiment, and there are judg-
kilpatrick1 s cavalry. 377
ments against him now in the Kentucky courts amounting to about
$50,000.
On the 17th day of January, 1863, the Colonel was placed in com-
mand of the 2d Brigade 3d Division Army of Kentucky, which he
commanded while in the Department of the Ohio. When the 92d
was removed to the Department of the Cumberland he was placed
in command of the 1st Brigade 1st Division Reserve Corps. When
the regiment was mounted, and transferred to Wilder's brigade of
mounted infantry, he accompanied and commanded it until trans-
ferred to Kilpatrick's cavalry division. When General Kilpatrick
reformed his division, preparatory to the great march with Sherman,
he gave command of the 2d Brigade to Colonel Atkins. As Sher-
man was advancing southward from Atlanta, it was his aim to throw
his army between the rebel forces and Savannah. The task of deceiv-
ing the enemy and holding them while this movement was being
made by Sherman was, by General Kilpatrick, assigned to Colonel
Atkins and his brigade. Skillfully he accomplished this difficult task.
From Clinton with his brigade he charged the rebels, driving them
fourteen miles to Macon ; he dashed upon their outer lines, driving
them into their main works about the city, and held them there while
Sherman swept majestically around to the eastward, leaving the
enemy in the rear, and having nothing in front to impede his progress.
The Colonel distinguished himself in the different engagements in
which his brigade took part, especially at Waynesboro, where
Wheeler and his cavalry were defeated. While leading the charge
made by his brigade in this fight, his color bearer was shot down by
his side ; his brigade flag attracting the attention drew the fire of
the enemy, but amid the iron shower he wore a charmed life while
he cheered on his men to victory. At Savannah he was brevetted
Brigadier- General for his skill and gallantry as a commander. As a
regimental commander he infused into the men his own ardent spirit
of patriotism ; he had their entire confidence as to his judgment and
skill as a leader, and, 'perhaps, no Colonel was more popular with his
men up to the time of his being removed from them to command
a brigade. As a brigade commander* he was exceedingly popular;
his courteous manner and gentlemanly deportment, and his calm, cool
judgment and skill as a leader amid the strife of battle, gave him the
378 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
hearts of hif command, At the close of the war he was mustered
out of the service with his old' regiment, and for his faithful se
he was brevetted Major-GeneraL Be has again resumed the prac-
tice of his profession al Freeport, where he was appointed Post-
master—a position from which he has been removed to make room
for one of President Johnson's bread-and-butter appointees.
Darid Scotl (nicknamed "Gedee") was a joyous-hearted printer
boy in Polo, Ogle County. Fur many months he struggled between
his affection for his aged parents, which restrained him al home, and
his inclination to fight for the dear old flag. He finally enlisted in
Company I), 92d Illinois, and on General Atkins, taking command
of a brigade, he was made oolor-bearer. In one of the numerous
engagements in which the 92d had part (it was at Waynesboro, we
believe), it was ordered with an Ohio regiment to make a charge.
Fearing thai the latter regiment was about to falter, young Scott
rule forward, exclaiming, " Come on, boys !" In his eagerness lie
had ridden some distance in advance of the brigade, when :i rebel
bullet struck him in the breast, liaising his arms, he cried out,
" Boys, I'm shot. For God's sake, save the flag!" and fell dead —
a uohle sacrifice lor the country he loved better than his life.
NINETY-THIRD ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 93d regiment was mustered into the service at Chicago,
October 13, 1SG2. Six companies were from Bureau County, two
from Stephenson, one from Whiteside and one from Rock Island.
The following is the original roster:
Colonel, Holdeu Putnam ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Nicholas 0. Buswell ; Major, James
M. Fisher; Adjutant, David W. Sparks; Quartermaster, Edward S. Johnson ; Sur-
geon, Joseph Huyett; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Samuel A. Hopkins; 2d Assistant Sur-
geon, Charles A. Griswold ; Chaplain, Thomas II. Hagerty.
Cn. A — Captain, Lewis S Ashbaugh; 1st Lieutenant, William Iff. Morris; 2d
Lieutenant, Samuel F. Mi-Donald.
Co. B — Captain, John W. Hopkins; 1st Lieutenant, David Deselms ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James W. Lee.
Co. (' — Captain, William J. Brown; 1st Lieutenant, William Yonson ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Thomas I. Loolovood.
Co. I) — Captain, Charles F. Taggart; 1st Lieutenant, Alpheus P. Goddard ; 2d
Lieutenant, George S. Kleckner.
Co. E — Captain, Alfred F. Knight; 1st Lieutenant, John Dyer; 2d Lieutenant,
William A. Payne.
THE NINETY-THIRD INFANTKT. 379
Co. F — Captain, Orrin Wilkinson ; 1st Lieutenant, Lyman J Wilkinson ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William C. Kinney.
Co. G — Captain, Joseph P. Reed ; 1st Lieutenant, George W. Hartsough ; 2d
Lieutenant, Jeremiah J. Piersol.
Co. H — Captain, John A. Russell ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel Dorr ; 2d Lieutenant,
Gad C. Lowrey.
Co. I — Captain, Ellis Fisher ; 1st Lieutenant, Elijah Sapp ; 2d Lieutenant, Mills
C. Clark.
Co. K — Captain, David Loyd ; 1st Lieutenant, Clark Gray ; 2d Lieutenant,
Harrison I. Davis.
The 93d left Chicago on the 9th of November, 1862, for Memphis,
where it remained until early in December, when it joined in the
expedition to Tallahatchie until the project was abandoned. It was
engaged in scouting duty until March 1, 1863, when it started on the
Yazoo expedition to Fort Greenwood. When this undertaking was
abandoned, the 93d marched to Helena, Arkansas, then to Milliken's
Bend, and on the 27th of April left the latter point on the Vicksburg
expedition. While thus engaged it fought a severe battle with the
rebels, at Raymond, May 12, 1863, another at Jackson on the 14th,
a skirmish at Fort Gibson, and on the 16th participated in the terri-
ble battle at Champion Hills. On the 19th of May the 93d reached
Vicksburg,where it remained till the fall of the rebel stronghold, on
the 4th of Jnly. The regiment was then sent into the city, and
remained there, on provost duty, till September 12th. It then
returned to Helena, thence to Memphis, thence to Corinth, Missis-
sippi, and from thence to Chattanooga on the Missionary Ridge expe-
dition. It reached Chattanooga on the 21st of November, and on
the 25th participated in the bloody battle of Mission Ridge, where
the gallant Colonel Holden Putnam was killed. From the battle
field the 93d marched to Bridgeport, Tennessee, thence to Larkins-
ville, Alabama, and from there, in January, 1864, to Huntsville, Ala-
bama, where it went into camp until February 12th. On the 25th
of this month it took part in the battle of Dalton. Next we find it
in various duties until August 2d, when it started for Allatoona,
Georgia, where it fought a most sanguinary battle with the rebels,
losing eighty-three men. From Allatoona, November 12th, it started
on the Georgia and Carolina campaign. In this campaign it bore its
full share of honors, and in May, 1865, left Rolla for Washington,
where it participated in the grand review. In June it was mustered
380 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS,
out, and on the 24th of thai month reached Chicago, where it was
paid < >1t* and discharged.
The 93d originally mustered 976 men ; when it reached Chicago
it numbered but 258 men and 23 officers. From the time it entered
the service till mustered oul at Louisville, it marched 2,554 miles,
traveled 2,296 miles by water and 1,237 by rail— a total of G,087
miles.
NINETY-FIFTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 95th regimenl was composed of seven companies from Mc-
Henry County and three from Boone. It was mustered into the ser-
vice at Rockford on the 4th of September, 1862, with the following
list of officers :
Colonel, Lawrence S. Church; Lieutenant-Colonel, Thomas W. Humphrey ; Major,
Leander Blanden; Adjutant, Wales W.Wood; Quartermaster, Henry D. Bates ;
Surgeon, George X. Woodward; 1st Assistant Surgeon, A. D. Merritt ; id Assistant
Surgeon, Walter F. Suitor ; Chaplain, Thomas R. Satteriield.
Co. A — Captain, William Avery ; 1st Lieutenant, Alexander S. Stewart ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James E. Sponable.
Co. B — Captain, Charles B. Loop; 1st Lieutenant, Milton E. Keeler ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Aaron F. Randall.
Co. C — Captain, Jason 15. Manzer; 1st Lieutenant, William W. Wedgewood ; 2d
Lieutenant, Otis II. Smith.
Co. 1) — Captain, Edward J. Cook; 1st Lieutenant, John E. Beckley ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William II. Heiffman.
Co. E — Captain, John Eddy ; 1st Lieutenant, Asa Farnam ; 2d Lieutenant, Oscar
E. Dow.
Co. F — Captain, William II. Stewart ; 1st Lieutenant, Sabine Van Curen ; 2d
Lieutenant, Phineas H. Kerr.
Co. G — Captain, Elliott X. Bush ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry M. Bush ; 2d Lieutenant*
Joseph if. Collier.
Co. H — Captain, Charles H. Tryon ; 1st Lieutenant, James H. Wetmore ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William B. Walker.
Co. I — Captain, James Xish; 1st Lieutenant, Gardnier S. Southworth ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Converse Pierce.
Co. K — Captain, Gabriel E. Cornwell; 1st Lieutenant, Almon Schellenger ; 2d
Lieutenant, Alonzo Brooks.
On the 4th of November, 1802, the regiment left Rockford for
Grand Junction, Mississippi, via Cairo, Columbus, Kentucky, and
Jackson, Tennessee, and took an active part in General Grant's
campaign through Northern Mississippi in the ensuing winter, and
THE NINETY-FIFTH INFANTRY. 381
afterward in the march to Memphis, Tennessee, thence clown the
river against Vicksburg. It participated in the numerous battles
fought in the rear of Vicksburg, and was on the noted march from
Milliken's Bend, Louisiana, to Grand Gulf, Mississippi. During the
entire siege of Vicksburg the 95th performed gallant duty, and in
the two famous charges made by Grant's army of the 19th and 22d
of May, 1863, this regiment lost twenty-five killed, one hundred and
twenty-four wounded and ten missing. On the day of the surrender
of the rebel stronghold, July 4, 1863, the regiment was one of the
first to enter the city, and remained there and at Natchez until March,
1864, when it went on General A. J. Smith's Red River expedition,
and was present in all the important actions of the expedition, includ-
ing the capture of Fort De Russey, and the battles of Old River,
Clouterville, Mansouri and Yellow Bayou. Upon its return to Vicks-
burg in the early part of May, 1864, the regiment proceeded with
the Sturgis expedition, and participated gallantly in the disastrous
battle of Guntown, fought on the 10th of July. In this battle the
95th suffered fearfully, losing Colonel Thomas W. Humphrey, then
in command, and a large proportion of officers and men. After the
battle the boys were sent to Memphis, where they remained in camp
until August, when they went with General Mower up White River,
then marched from Brownsville through Arkansas to Missouri, in
pursuit of the rebel invader, Price. After participating in all the
subsequent marches of General A. J. Smith's army, during that cam-
paign, the regiment, in the early part of November, 1864, rendez-
voused at Benton Barracks, Missouri. In the latter part of Novem-
ber, it embarked on transports at St. Louis, with General Smith's
forces, and proceeded to Nashville, Tennessee, to reinforce General
Thomas, then operating against the rebel General Hood. It took
part in the great battles around Nashville, of December 15th and
16th, and the subsequent pursuit of Hood's defeated army to the
Tennessee River ; arrived there January 2, 1865, and a few days
afterward ascended that river to Eastport, Mississippi, when Gene-
ral A. J. Smith's corps went into winter quarters. While at this
point an expedition was sent out to Corinth, which the regiment
accompanied, and was absent only a few clays. Early in February,
the troops were ordered to embark on steamers at Eastport and pro-
382 PATRIOTISM 01 ll. I. iv
oeed i" New Orleans, to operate in the campaign against Mobile,
arriving in theCrescenl City February 21 at. On the 1 4th of March,
the regiment embarked for Dauphin Island at the mouth of Mobile
Bay, and on the 18th of the month landed on the west side of the
bay, at Cedar Point, with Colonel Moore's brigade. There the boys
commenced the firsl offensive operations against Mobile City. The
regimenl took active part in the grand forward movement of Gene-
ral Canby's army from Fish River Landing, March 25th, against
Mobile, and was one of the first regiments to advance to close posi-
tion in the investment of Spanish Fort. During that siege the 95th
carried its trendies to within thirty yards of the enemy's works,
under a most terrible fire of artillery and musketry, and participated
in the storming and capture of the fort, April 8th, being the first
regiment to occupy what was known in the rebel line as the " Red
Fort." Upon the fall of Mobile, the 95th Illinois marched with the
16th Army Corps from Blakeley to Montgomery, Alabama, where it
arrived April 25th. Leaving Montgomery, the regiment proceeded
to Opelika, Alabama, about seventy miles to the northeast, on the
line of the Montgomery and West Point Railroad, with general
orders to attack guerillas, collect Confederate property, and clear the
district of the many marauders. On the 18th of July started for
Montgomery on its way home to muster out of the service. It
arrived at Vicksburg, Mississippi, August 3d, via Selma, Meridian
and Jackson, and then received orders to proceed at once to St. Louis,
Missouri, for muster out. On reaching that place, August, 10th, the
regiment was sent directly to Camp Butler, Springfield, Illinois,
where, on the 10th day of August, 18G5, it was mustered out, paid
off, and discharged from the United States service.
In addition to the foregoing, the regiment, during the summer of
1864, had a detachment of several officers and about 100 enlisted
men in General Sherman's Georgia campaign. These were in charge
of Major Charles B. Loop (then Captain), Captain James Nish, of
Company I, and Captain Alexander S. Stewart, of Company A ;
were engaged at the battles of Kenesaw Mountain, Chattahoochee
River, Atlanta, Jonesboro and Lovejoy Station, and took active part
in all the important events of that campaign, which resulted in the
capture of the " Gate City " of the South.
THE NINETY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. 383
The following figures form an interesting record of the 95th dur-
ing its term of service in the armies of the Republic :
Aggregate number of' officers and men during service 1,355
Aggregate number on entering service 983
Old soldiers belonging to the regiment when it was mustered out 490
Number of recruits on mustering out 118
Nunfbcr discharged during service 240
Died in battle and of wounds received in action 84
Died of disease 276
Number of recruits transferred on muster out of regiment 162
Number transferred during service to Invalid Corps, etc 47
Number missing 38
Miles traveled 9,960
MUes marched 1,800
Colonel Thomas W. Humphrey was horn at Knoxville, Ohio, April
4, 1835, but passed the greater part of his life at Franklin, De Kalb
County, Illinois. He was a graduate of Beloit College, Wisconsin,
ami afterward a clerk in the Recorder's office in DeKalb County.
Subsequently he was a candidate for Sheriff of that county. Dur-
ing the summer of 1862, he raised a company for the war, and on
the organization of tha 95th regiment was chosen its Lieutenant-Colo-
nel, and later promoted to the command of the regiment. As related
above, he was killed at the battle of Guntown, Mississippi, while at
the head of his regiment. His remains were conveyed to his home
in DeKalb County, where they were interred with appropriate reli-
gious and Masonic ceremonies, the latter being conducted by Major-
General Stephen A. Hurlbut.
NINETY-EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 98th regiment was organized at Centralia, and mustered into
the service on the 3d of September, 1862. Its original roster was
as follows:
Colonel, John J. Funkhouser ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Edward Kitchell ; Major, Wm.
B. Cooper; Adjutant, John H. J. Lacy; Quartermaster, Finney D. Preston; Sur-
geon, Robert M. Lackey ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Samuel W. Vortrees ; 2d Assistant
Surgeon, Allen T. Barnes ; Chaplain, William Cliffe.
Co. A — Captain, Enoch P. Turner; 1st Lieutenant, George W. Foster; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Joseph C. Gadd.
Co. B — Captain, David D. Marquis ; 1st Lieutenant, William E. Hoffman ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William C. Rickard.
384 PATRIOTISM "l li. I. iv
To.'' C " ken; Let Lieutenant, Stephen L Williama ; 2<1
nant, .1 c > 1 1 1 1 r r.
D Captain, William W 1; 1st Lieutenant, James II. Watts ; 2d Lieutenant,
William < '•. Young.
Co I i Cox; Isl Lieutenant, Era A. l'l 1; 2d Lieutenant,
Charles Willard
ptain, Albert W. Lacrone ; Isl Lieutenant, Wiol Cook; 2d Lieutenant,
. Hobbs.
iptain, Frederick A. Johns; 1st Lieutenant, Lindsy I). Laws; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William •'
Co. H — Captain, Thomas Johnson ; 1st Lieutenant, Ephraim Martin ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, George Mbutray.
Co. I — Captain, William II. Wade; 1st Lieutenant, Simon s. Foster; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Lawrence Banta.
Co. K— Captain, Orvilla L. Kelley ; 1st Lieutenant, Alexander S. Moffitt; 2d
Lieutenant, William Torrent.
The regiment left camp on the 8tb of September, for Louisville. When
tli'' train reached Bridgeport, Illinois, on the evening of the Stli, it was
precipitated down an embankment by the displacement ofa switch,and
several cars « recked, and five persons killed and seventy-five wounded,
several of whom afterward died. The regiment resumed its journey
the next morning, and arrived at " Camp Joe Holt," at Jeffevsonville,
where it remained till the 13th, when it went to Camp Ward, at
Louisville. It then engaged in campaigning in Kentucky and Ten-
e till January 4, 1863, when it reached Nashville. On the 5th
it marched to Murfreesboro, escorting a supply train. Here it was
stationed duiing the months of January and February, on picket,
foraging and guard duty. On the 14th of March, a part of the regi-
ment was mounted, and from this date till September L6th was
constantly engaged in scouting and foraging. On the 17th the bat-
tle of Chickamauga was begun, and the 98th did excellent service.
In this fight Colonel Funkhouser was wounded in both thmhs. At
Shelbyville, October 7th, it charged upon the enemy and drove them
in confusion. It next engaged with them at Farmington, with alike
result. It then pursued Wheeler until he crossed the Tennessee
River. From the 17th of October to the 17th of November it was
in camp at Maysville. On the 21st it moved to Chattanooga. Dur-
ing the ensuing wint a* it was actively engaged in scouting, and took
pari in the Atlanta campaign, in like duties. At Dallas it did excel-
lent service, materially assisting in driving the enemy from the field.
TIIE NINETY-NINTH INFANTRY. 3S5
After the capture of Atlanta it took part in Kilpatrick's raid, and
participated in the engagement at New Hope Church in October,
1864. At Rome, October 12th and 13th, it behaved with great gal-
lantry, defeating the rebels. It was constantly employed in scout-
ing till November 1st, when it dismounted, turning over its horses
and equipments to Kilpatrick's cavalry, to be used in the march to
the sea. On the 13th the regiment reached Nashville, and on the
16th arrived at Louisville, where it was encamped until December
28th. It was then ordered to Bardstown to intercept the rebel Gene-
ral Lyon, and on the 31st moved to Elizabethtown. On the 12th of
January, 1S65, being again mounted, it marched through Nashville,
reaching Gravelly Springs, Alabama, on the 25th. Here it remained
till March 22d, when it began the sprjng campaign. On the 2d of
April, our forces attacked and routed Roddy's command at Selma,
Alabama, suffering severely. On the 12th of April it was present
at the surrender of Montgomery, Alabama. On the 16th, Columbus,
Georgia, was captured, with 1,500 prisoners and many pieces of
artillery, and the public buildings and arsenal destroyed. On the
20th the forces entered Macon and took possession. This was at
the virtual ending of the war, and on the 27th of June the 98th was
mustered out of the service at Nashville, and on the 1st of July
arrived at Camp Butler, where it was paid and discharged.
NINETY-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 99th regiment was organized at Florence, Pike county, and
mustered into the service ou the 23d of August, 1862. The follow-
ing is the original roster :
Colonel, George W. K. Bailey ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Lemuel Parke ; Major, Ed-
win A. Crandall ; Adjutant, Marcellus Ross ; Quartermaster, Isaac G. Hodgen ; Sur-
geon, Joseph H. Ledlie ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Archibald E. McNeal ; 2d Assistant
Surgeon, Abner T. Spencer ; Chaplain, Oliver A. Topliff.
Co. A — Captain, George T. Edwards ; 1st Lieutenant, James K. Smith ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James F. Stobie.
Co. B — Captain, Benjamin L. Matthews ; 1st Lieutenant, James W. Fee ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James A. Elledge.
Co. C — Captain, Asa C. Matthews ; 1st Lieutenant, Joshua K. Sitton ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Lucien W. Shaw.
Co. D — Captain, John F. Richards ; 1st Lieutenant, Francis M. Dabney ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William T. Mitchell.
25
3S0 Pi i BIOl MM OF li. i !\"is.
Oo. B — Captain, John 0. Din nun.'; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph G. Colvin; 2d Licu-
tenant, Allen l». Rii hards.
Co. I' Captain, Eli li. Smith; 1st Lieutenant, Leonard Greaton ; 2d Lieutenant,
Daniel McDonald.
c... Q Captain, Benry I). Bull; 1st Lieutenant, James B. Crane; 2d Lieutenant,
Lew i- Dul ton.
Co. il Captain, Lewis Bull; 1st Lieutenant, Melville 1>. Massie; 2d Lieutenant,
Gottfried Weuzcll.
Co. I -Captain, Joseph G. Johnson; 1st Lieutenant, John G. Sever; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Robert E I rilleland.
Co. K — Captain, Isaiah Cooper; 1st Lieutenant, William Gray; 2d Lieutenant,
Thomas J. tinman.
The regimeni lefl camp immediately upon its muster, and on the
following day arrived at Benton Barracks, being the first regiment
to leave the State under tht call of 1802. It was immediately
placed on duly in Missouri. It was in a skirmish at Beaver Creek,
and in the engagement at Ilartsville, Missouri. It remained in Mis-
souri until March 15, 1863, when it embarked for Milliken's Bend.
On the 11 tli of April it entered upon the campaign against Vicks-
burg, and on the 1st of May took an active part in the engagement
at Port Gibson, where it lost 37 in killed and wounded. It then
pursued the enemy to Jackson. On the 16th it participated in the
battle of Champion Hills, and on the 17th at Big Black River. On
the 19th our forces were closely around Vicksburg, and on the 22d
began the grand assault upon the enemy's works, in which the 99th
took part, losing 103 men out of 300 who went into the action.
Among the wounded were the Colonel and Major of the regiment,
leaving Captain Matthews in command. The 99th planted its colors
upon the rebel breastworks, and did not retire till relieved by an-
other regiment. It remained in front of Vicksburg, taking an active
part in the siege, until its surrender, July 4th, losing, in that time,
253 in killed and wounded. On the 5th it started in pursuit of
Johnston, returning to Vicksburg on the 24th. On the 21st of Au-
gust, it embarked for Xew Orleans, and was engaged in the Teche
campaign, a portion of the regiment taking part in the battle of
Grand Coteau. On the 16th of November it embarked for Texas,
arriving at Mustang Island about the 25th. It immediately marched
up to the attack upon and capture of Fort Esperanza, which gave
complete possession of the coast from the mouth of the Rio Grande
ONE HUNDKED AND FIRST INFANTRY. 387
to Matagorda. On the 16th of June, 1864, it evacuated the Island,
and reported to General Reynolds, at Algiers, Louisiana. Durino-
the entire summer of 1864, it was engaged in a kind of garrison duty
on the Mississippi River. In November it went to Memphis, where
it was consolidated into a battalion of five companies. In Decem-
ber General Grierson made his famous raid, and was supported by
the 99th, until he reached Wolf River. The battalion then guarded
the railroad till December 28th, when it was ordered to Memphis.
On the 1st of January, 1865, it again embarked for New Orleans,
and on the 1st of February ordered to Dauphin Island. It took part
in the movements against Mobile, until its surrender. It then went
up the Red River to receive the surrender of Kirby Smith. It ar-
rived at Shrevesport, Louisiana, in June, and Colonel Matthews was
immediately sent with an escort to the Indian Territory, to negotiate
with the Indians, returning to Shrevesport July 3d, having traveled
the entire distance — 1,000 miles — on horseback. On the 19th the
battalion was ordered to Baton Rouge, where it was mustered out
on the 31st. It arrived at Springfield on the 7th of August, where it
was paid off and discharged.
ONE HUNDRED AND FIRST ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 101st regiment was organized at Camp Duncan, Jacksonville,
and mustered into the service on the 2d of September, 1862. The
original roster was as follows :
Colonel, Charles H. Fox ; Lieutenant-Colonel, William J. Wyatt ; Major, Jesse T.
Newman; Adjutant, Harrison 0. Cassell; Quartermaster, John M. Snyder ; Surgeon,
Clarke Roberta ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, James Miner ; 2d Assistant Surgeon, Alon-
zo L. Ember ; Chaplain, Wongate J. Newman.
Co. A — Captain, John B. Lesage ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles Heinz ; 2d Lieutenant,
Nimrod B. McPherson.
Co. B — Captain, Napoleon B. Brown ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas J. Mos3 ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Thomas B. Woff.
Co. C— Captain.Horace E. May; 1st Lieutenant, C. Augustus Catlin ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Joseph H. Belt.
Co. D— Captain, Henry C. Coffman; 1st Lieutenant, J. Newton Gillham ; 2d
Lieutenant, Robert C. Bruce.
Co. E— Captain, Charles Sample ; 1st Lieutenant, Myron H. Lamb ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Liberty Courtney.
Co. F— Captain, George W. Fanning; 1st Lieutenant, James L. Wyatt; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John W. Shelton.
3S3 PATRIOTISM OP ILLINOIS*
Co G Captain, Robert McKee ; I I Lieutenant, Will a; 2d Lieutenant,
irdin.
b M. Fanning; 1st Lieutenant, William 8. Wright; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Will am K. Seymour.
Oo [ Captain, John A. Lightfoot; 1st Lieutenant, Frederick E. Shafer ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Thomas M . Guy.
Co. K— Captain, Sylvester L. Moore ; 1st Lieutenant, TliomasB. O'Rear; 2d Lieu-
tenant, David 15. Henderson.
The regiment left Jacksonville on the 6th of October for Cairo.
Here it remained until the 26th of KTovemb r, when it proceeded
to Colambus, l\y., and thence to Davis' Mill<, Mis<., where it joined
the Army of the Tennessee. On the 28th of November ii started
on its first march, and on the 30th reached Lumkin's Mills. Three
days later it was sent to Holly Springs for provost and garrison
duty. December 13th, Company A was sent to Cairo in charge oi
rebel prisoners, and on the 21st Holly Springs was captured, with
five companies of the 101st, who were taken prisoners an 1 paroled.
They were sent to Benton Barracks until exchanged, in June, l 363.
When Holly Springs was captured, the remaining four companies
of the 101st scattered along the line of* the railroad, fell back to
Coldwater, where they met the 90th Illinois (Irish Legion) and
greatly assisted in repelling Van Dora's subsequent attack upon that
place. They were afterward formed into a battalion and temporari-
ly assigned to the 14th Illinois Volunteers. The battalion Mas en-
gaged in scouting service in Tennessee, finally arriving at Memphis
in February, 1863 ; there it was joined by Company A. On leaving
Holly Springs with prisoners, Company A had proceeded to Cairo,
and thence to Vicksburg, but General Sherman then investing that
place, it was sent back up the river, and finally got rid of the prison-
ers at Alton, 111., but not until the Company had been fearfully de-
creased by the sickness they had contracted by contact with the
prisoners. Often it could not muster half a dozen men for duty,
and that, too, when it had over a thousand prisoners in charge.
Early in March the battalion was ordered to Vicksburg, where it
was broken up and the companies assigned to various independent
duties, Companies A, G, D and II, being assigned to the naval fleet.
From this date each company had its separate history of scouts and
skirmishes up and down the Mississippi. Company G, had the hou-
THE MARCn TO KNOXVILLE. 389
or of running the blockade at Vicksburg, on the ram Switzerland,
for which, after the fall of the city, General Grant furloughed the
whole company. On the 7th of June the other part of the regi-
ment was exchanged, and on the 11th of July arrived at Columbus,
Ky., whence it started out on a series of scouts and expeditions
which only terminated about the 25th of August, at Union City,
Tenn. Here the regiment was reunited, and it thenceforth remained
a unit. September 24th it was transferred to the Department of the
Cumberland, and on the 27th arrived at Louisville, and on the 30th
proceeded via Nashville to Bridgeport, Ala., where it remained till
October 27th. On the 28th it participated in the night battle of
Wauhatchie. It lay in Lookout Valley until November 22d, when it
proceeded to Chattanooga, and participated in the battle at that
place. It then took part in the famous march to the relief of Burn-
side at Knoxville, returning to Lookout Valley December 17th.
During this march many of the men were barefooted, and thus
marched over the frozen ground, leaving traces of their march in
blood. On the 17th of December the regiment returned to Look-
out Valley, and after a few days' rest was set to work building cor-
duroy roads. On the 1st of January, 1864, it was sent to Kelly's
Ferry to relieve the 16th Illinois, then about to return home on vet-
eran furlough. After the completion of the railroad to Chattanooga,
the 101st was sent to Bridgeport, and remained there until May 2d.
It then set out upon the Atlanta campaign, in which it participated
until its close. It took part in the battles of Resaca, New Hope
Church, Kenesaw, Pine Mountain, Kulp's Ferry, Peach Tree Creek
and Atlanta, being the first regiment to enter the captured city, on
the second anniversary of its muster. In this campaign the regiment
won imperishable glory. On leaving Bridgeport it had 365 effect-
ive men ; on the morning following the battle of Peach Tree Creek
this number had become reduced to 120. On the 15th of Novem-
ber the 101st started on the grand march to the sea, and participat-
ed in all its glories, trials and triumphs. It took part in the Caroli-
na campaign, and was in the battles of Averysboro and Bentonville.
On the 24th of May it participated in the grand review at Wash-
ington, and went into camp at Bladensburg. Here it was mustered
out on the 7th of June, and on the 21st it was paid off and disband-
ed at Springfield.
390 PATBIOTI8M OF [LLIN0l8j
ONE HUNDRED AM) SECOND [LLINOI8 INFANTRY.
The 102(3 regiment wasraised in Knox, Mercer, Warren and Rock
Island oounties, by Colonel William McMurtrey, and was mustered
into the service at Cnoxville, on tlie 2d of September, 18G2. The
original roster waa as follows :
Colonel, William IfcMurtrey ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Frank C. Smith ; Major, James
M. Mannon ; Adjutant, John W. Pitman; Quartermaster, Francis II Rugar; Sur-
geon, David B. Bice; 1st Assistant Surgeon, William Hamilton; 2d Assistant Sur-
geon, Thomas S. Stauway ; Chaplain, Amos K. Tullis.
Co. A — Captain, Roderick It. Harding; 1st Lieutenant, Levi F. Gentry; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Charles M. Harnett.
Co. B — Caplain, Elisha 0. Atehison ; 1st Lieutenant, William Armstrong ; 2d
Lieutenant, James C. Beswick.
Co. C — Captain, Frank Shedd ; 1st Lieutenant, Almond Shaw; 2d Lieutenant,
Watson C. Trego.
Co. D — Captain, Horace n. Welsie ; 1st Lieutenant, Highland H. Clay ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John B. Nixon.
Co. E — Captain, Thomas Likely; 1st Lieutenant, Daniel W. Sedwick ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Thomas G. Brown.
Co. F — Captain, Charles II. Jackson ; 1st Lieutenant, Orlando J. Sullivan ; 2d
Lieutenant, Ethan A. Cornwell.
Co. G — Captain, Joseph P. Wycoff; 1st Lieutenant, Isaac McManus ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William II. Bridgeford.
Co. H — Captain, Lemuel D. Shinn; 1st Lieutenant, Hiram Elliott ; 2d Lieutenant,
John Thomas.
Co. I — Captain, George H. King; 1st Lieutenant, Edwin H. Congon ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John L. Bonnell.
Co. K — Captain, Sanderson H. Rogers; 1st Lieutenant, William A. Wilson; 2d
Lieutenant, Van Willits.
Early in October, 1862, the regiment arrived at Louisville, Ken-
tucky, where it was brigaded with the 105th Illinois, 70th Indiana,
and 79th Ohio regiments, General "Ward commanding. From Lou-
isville it marched to Frankfort, where it fought and whipped John
Morgan. It was next placed at guarding the railroad between Mur-
freesboro and Nashville, where it remained from November, 1862,
till February, 1864. In the latter month it was garrisoned in the
Wauhatchie Valley, and there remained till May 2d, when it joined
the 20th corps. When this corps advanced on Kenesaw Mountain,
the 102d was in the advance skirmish line, and did effective service;
and after the rebels fell back upon Marietta, Wheeler's cavalry being
ONE EIJNDRED AND THIRD INFANTRY. 391
in the rear, the 102d fell upon about 3,000 of them and drove them
up the valley. At the battle of Resaca the regiment was desperate-
ly engaged, losing 109 men killed and wounded. The 102d partici-
pated in the march to Atlanta, losing in this campaign 170 men.
Then followed Sherman's grand march across the land, in which the
102d was detailed as a foraging regiment, which, to the boys, was
capital sport. On this march two men of the regiment surprised
and captured the Bank of Camden, South Carolina, from which they
took $900 in gold and $500,000 in Confederate and South Carolina
state bonds. At the battle of Averysville, North Carolina, on the
16th of March, 1865, the 102d was under fire all day, and lost nine-
teen men killed and wounded.
After the conclusion of the Carolina campaign, the regiment
marched to Washington and participated in the national review, when
it proceeded to Chicago, where it arrived on the 9th of June, for
final muster and discharge.
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRD ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 103d regiment was raised and organized in Fulton County, in
the fall of 1862. It was mustered into the service at Peoria, Octo-
ber 2d, with the following roster :
Colonel, Amos C. Babcock ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Parley C. Stearns ; Major,
George W. Wright; Adjutant, Samuel S. Tipton; Quartermaster, Willard A. Dick-
erman ; Chaplain, William S. Peterson ; Surgeon, Thornton H. Fleming ; 1st Assist-
ant Surgeon, Sydney S. Buck ; 2d Assistant Surgeon, James W. Van Brunt.
Co. A — Captain, Asias Willison ; 1st Lieutenant, William W. Bishop ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Isaiah C. Worley.
Co. B — Captain, Onamel D. Carpenter ; 1st Lieutenant, John S. Gardner ; 2d
Lieutenant, William Walsh.
Co. C — Captain, Sidney A. Stockdale ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry L. Nicolet; 2d
Lieutenant, John S. Smith.
Co. D — Captain, John S. Wyckoff; 1st Lieutenant, Benjamin F. Wyckoff; 2d
Lieutenant, Isaac A. McBean.
Co. E — Captain, Frank G. Post ; 1st Lieutenant, William S. Johnson; 2d Lieu-
teaant, Charles H. Suydam.
Co. F — Captain, William Yandevander; 1st Lieutenant, Bernard Kelly; 2d Lieu-
tenant. William Mellor.
Co. G — Captain, Charles W. Wills; 1st Lieutenant, Charles F. Matteson; 2d
Lieutenant, John H. Dorrance.
Co. II — Captain, James J. Hale ; 1st Lieutenant, William Boyd; 2d Lieutenant,
Samuel D. Woodsen.
392 PATBI0TI8M OF II.I.IXOIS.
C... I Captain, Philip Medley; 1st Lieutenant, Nathaniel I\ Montgomery; 2d
Lieutenant, Samuel II. Brown.
Co. K — Captain, .James C. King ; 1st Lieutenant, Augustus B. Smith ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, A. iron Am-
On the L8th of October the Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel of
the r igim snl resign sd. Lieutenant Dickerman, Quartermaster, was
elected Colonel; Major Wright promoted to the Lieutenant-
Colonelcy; Captain Willison, Company A, to Major, and Sec-
ond Lieutenant Mellor, Company F, to Quartermaster. On the 30th
of October, the regiment left Peoria for Bolivar, Tenn., and thence
to Jackson, Miss., where it joined Sherman. At Lagrange, Tenn.,
it remained until November 30th, when it was placed in garrison at
Waterford, Miss., and on the 3Lst of December it went to Jackson,
Tenn., then threatened by Forrest. Until June 8th it was engaged
in harassing the enemy, when it was ordered to Vicksburg, and
there remained until the surrender, doing effective service. Then
the hoys were put upon the track of Johnston's hordes, fighting them
all the way to Jackson, Miss., where the 103d left its mark in fiery
letters of blood. This work was continued until the 24th of Novem-
ber, 1863, when the 103d participated in the fearful battle of Mis-
sionary Ridge. From this time until May, 1864, the regiment was
in winter quarters at Scottsborough, Ala., whence it marched to Dal-
ton, Ga., where it opened the summer campaign. Following this, it
participated in the battles of Resaca, Dallas, New Hope Church,
Atlanta, Jonesboro and Gadsden. At Dallas, Colonel Dickerman
was killed while at the head of his regiment. At Kenesaw Moun-
tain Lieutenant-Colonel Wright was seriously wounded and three
commissioned officers and sixty men were killed. When the grand
march to the sea was begun, the 103d took part in it, as also in the
Carolina campaign, and in the review at Washington. It then re-
ported at Louisville, Ky., where it was mustered out and partially
paid. On the 24th of June, 1865, it arrived in Chicago for final
payment and discharge. Of the 800 men who left Fulton County
under its banners, less than 400 remained on its arrival in Chicago.
ONE nUNDRED AND FIFTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 105th refniuent was organized and mustered into service at
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTH INFANTRY. 393
Dixon, Lee County, on the 2d of September, 1862, with the follow-
ing roster :
Colonel, Daniel Dustin; Lieutenant-Colonel, Henry F. Vallette ; Major, Everett
F. Dutton ; Adjutant, William N. Phillips ; Quartermaster, Timothy Wells ; Sur-
geon, Horace S. Potter ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Alfred Waterman ; Caplain, Levi
P. Crawford.
Co. A — Captain, Henry D. Brown; 1st Lieutenant, George B. Heath; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Robert D. Lord.
Co. B — Captain, Theodore S. Rogers ; 1st Lieutenant, Lucius B. Church ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Willard Scott, Jr.
Co. C — Captain, Alexander L. Warner; 1st Lieutenant, George W. Field; 2d
Lieutenant, Henry B. Mason.
Co. D — Captain, Amos C. Graves ; 1st Lieutenant, William H. Jeffers ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Luther L. Peaslee.
Co. E — Captain, Thomas S. Terry, 1st Lieutenant, Martin V. Allen; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Albert C. Overton.
Co. F — Captain, Seth F. Daniels; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel Adams ; 2d Lieutenant,
Porter Warner.
Co. G — Captain, John B. Xash ; 1st Lieutenant, Richard R. Woodruff; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John M. Smith.
Co. H — Captain, Eli L. Hunt ; 1st Lieutenant, Jame3 S. Forsythe ; 2d Lieutenant,
Charles G. Culver.
Co. I — Captain, Enos Jones ; 1st Lieutenant, William 0. Locke ; 2d Lieutenant,
Augustus H. Fisher.
Co. K — Captain, Horace Austin • 1st Lieutenant, Nathan S. Greenwood ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Almon F. Parke.
From Dixon the regiment was sent to Chicago, mustering 954
men, rank and file. On the last day of October, it left Chicago for
Louisville. Here it was brigaded and under General Ward marched
to Frankfort, where the boys first " smelled powder " in a skirmish
with a regiment of rebel cavalry. From Frankfort the regiment
marched to South Tunnel, where it remained in garrison until June,
1863, when it returned to Frankfort, and from there marched to
Murfreesboro, and thence to Nashville, where the winter of '63-4
was spent. In the latter part of February the regiment left Nash-
ville for Wauhatchie Valley, five miles from Chattanooga, where it
remained till April, when it was placed in Ward's brigade of But-
terfield's division of the 20th corps, then commanded by Joe Hook-
er. When General Sherman took command of the Army of the
Cumberland, the 105th began war in earnest. Its first pitched bat-
tle was at Resaca, where it was one of the regiments which stormed
394. PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
and captured the hights. It was next engaged at Wesl Allatoona,
and then followed in quick succession the bard-fought battles of Al-
latoona, rTenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek and Jonesboro, in
all of which the 105th bore a prominent part. After our army had
recuperated, the 105th joined in the glorious march to the sea and
the Carolina campaign. Following this was the grand review at
bington, and then — "homeward bound." The 1. 05 th arrived in
Chicago on the 10th of June, 1865, for muster and discharge — re-
turning, however, with only 460 of the 954 braves who started out
in 1862.
ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 108th infantry was organized at Peoria, where it was mus-
tered into the service on the 28th of August, 1862. The original
roster was as follows :
Colonel, John Warren ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Charles Turner; Major, Reuben L.
Bidwell; Adjutant, Benjamin T. Foster; Quartermaster, George W. Raney ; Sur-
geon, Richard A. Cor.over ; Chaplain, George W. Gue.
Co. A— Captain, William It. Lackland; 1st Lieutenant, Philo W. Hill; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John W. Plnmmer.
Co. B — Captain, Richard B. Howell ; 1st Lieutenant, Garrett G.Ruliaak; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Wilber F. Henry.
Co. C — Captain, Sylvester V. Dooley ; 1st Lieutenant, Patrick Moore ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Thomas Lynch.
Co. D — Captain, David R. McCutchen ; 1st Lieutenant, William A. Stewart; 2d
Lieutenant, George II. Megguire.
Co. E — Captain, Winefiehl M. Bullock ; 1st Lieutenant, Francis F. Briggs; 2d
Lieutenant, William A. Davidson.
Co. F — Captain, Isaac Sai-ff; 1st Lieutenant, James Tippett ; 2d Lieutenant, John
H. Selmlte.
Co. G — Captain, George K. Hazlitt; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel B. Hartz ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Henry C. Sommers.
Co. H — Captain, William M. Duffy; 1st Lieutenant, Isaac C. Brown ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William W. Nelson.
Co. I — Captain, John W. Carroll ; 1st Lieutenant, Richard Scholes ; 2d Lieuteu-
ant, Daniel Dulaney.
Co. K — Captain, Lyman W. Clark ; 1st Lieutenant, James F. Davidson ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Philander E. Davis.
On the 6th of October, 1862, the 108th left Peoria for the front,
900 strong, and joined the division of General Garrard at Coving-
ton, Ky., in the advance guard of the army of Kentucky, in pursuit
ONE HUNDRED AND NINTH INFANTRY. 395
of Morgan. It next went to Nicholasville, Lexington and Louisville,
and from there went to Memphis, with the army of General A. J.
Smith. It next joined Sherman, and participated in the expedition
to Chickasaw Bayou, at which place it was engaged for two days
with the rebels. At the conclusion of this affair it proceeded to
Arkansas Post, where it remained until after the capitulation, when
it was ordered to Young's Point. Here the men were employed in
digging canals for a length of time, after which they proceeded to
Milliken's Bend. On April 15, 1863, the regiment left the Bend
and passed through the swamps of Louisiana to Port Gibson, at
which place it participated in the fight of May 1st. " On the 16th it
took part in the battle of Champion Hills, after which it was sent to
Memphis in charge of about 6,000 rebel prisoners. On June 1st it
returned to the army, joining it at Vicksburg, before which place it
did picket duty up to the time of the surrender. On July 28th it
returned to Memphis, and on the 4th of August it went to La Grange
and next to Pocahontas, at which latter place it remained until No-
vember 10th, when it was ordered to Corinth, Miss. Again going
to Memphis, it remained there until June 1, 1864, when it started
with Sturgis' expedition and participated in the battles of Guntown
and Ripley, with the loss of about fifty men. It again returned to
Memphis and was there when Forrest made his attack on that place
on August 21st. It remained there until February 28, 1865, and
then went to New Orleans, where it was quartered until March 12th,
when it started by steamer for Dauphin Island, Mobile Harbor. On
March 21st it went to Spanish Fort, and there took an active part in
the engagement of the 27th of March, and in the thirteen days' siege.
After the capitulation it went to Montgomery, Alabama, and there
did provost duty until July 1 8th, when it was ordered to Vicksburg.
At Vicksburg it was mustered out, and on the 3d of August started
for home, arriving in Chicago on the 9th, with 261 men, all told
ONE HUNDRED AND NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
Of one Illinois regiment we have an inglorious record to make.
We would gladly omit it, but the truth of history compels it, and it
will at least serve to illustrate the wonderful strength of treason in
our own midst, and by its contrast aid to illumine the record of the
396 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
men who did their duty. The L09th regiment was organized al Anna,
; i County, and mustered into the service on the l7thof Septem-
ber, L862. It was freely charged, and generally believed, that the
regimenl was oompos <l almost exclusively of members of the
knights of the Gold m Circle. The following special order from the
War Department tells as much of its history as it is necessary for
ns to follow :
"Lake Providence, Louisiana,)
"April 10, 1863. J"
" Special Order No. 6. ]
"The officers of the 109th regiment Illinois Volunteers, except those of Company
K, having been reported as utterly incompetent to perform the duties of their res-
pective commissions, and evincing no disposition to improve themselves, are hereby
discharged from the service of the United States.
" This is the regiment which was within a few miles of Holly Springs when attacked
by the rebels, failed to march to the support of their comrades, but drew in their
pickets, and stood ready to surrender. From nine companies 347 men deserted,
principally at Memphis, and but one from Company K. To render the men efficient,
it is necessary to transfer them to a disciplined regiment, and they are accordingly
transferred to the 11th regiment Illinois Volunteers, Company K to make the tenth
company.
" The officers thus discharged are ;
"Colonel, A. J. Nimma; Major, T. M. Perrine ; 1st Lieutenant, C. B. Dishon
Regimental Quartermaster.
" Captains — J. C. Merustucker, Samuel P. Me.Clure, Hugh Andrews, S. A. Lewis.
" 1st Lieutenants — James P. McLane, Jacob Milligan, B. F. Hartline, Abraham
Merrenhen, Morgan Stokes, Charles Barringer, Jostah Toler, B. B. Bartlinson.
" 2d Lieutenants — M. M. Gordman, T. T. Robinson, Charles Kettles, Squire Crab-
tree, Henry Gassaway, Andrew Calvin.
" Chaplain P. H. Crouch will, as the regiment has been consolidated, be mustered
out of the service.
" Surgeon T. M. Perrine, Assistant, Surgeons John W. Henly and George n. Dewey
will be assigned by Major-General Grant to other Illinois regiments to fill vacancies.
"By order of the Secretary of War,
" ( Signed ) S. Thomas, Adjutant-General.
"Adjutant General's Office,
"Washington, April 24, 1863.
"Official:
"E. D. Townsend, Assistant Adjutant-General."
ONE HUNDRED AND TENTn ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 110th regiment was organized at Jonesboro, where it was
red into the service on the 11th of September, 1862. The fol-
lowing is the original roster :
ONE HUNDRED AND TENTH INFANTRY. 397
Colonel, Thomas S. Casey; Lieutenant-Colonel, Munroe C. Crawford; Major,
Daniel Mooneyham ; Adjutant, Oscar A. Taylor; Quartermaster, Thomas II. Ilobbs;
Surgeon, William C. Pace; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Hiram S. Plummer ; 2d Assistant
Surgeon, Zachariah Hickman.
Co. A — Captain, Marion D. Hodge; 1st Lieutenant, Green M. Contrell ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William B. Deming.
Co. B — Captain, Charles H. Maxey; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel T. Maxey ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John H. Dukes.
Co. C — Captain, Francis M. Norman ; 1st Lieutenant, Richard T. McHaney ; 2d
Lieutenant, James L. Parks.
Co. 0 — Captain, Ebenezer H. Topping; 1st Lieutenant, Robert A. Cameron ; 2d
Lieutenant, William J. Cameron.
Co. E — Captain, George E. Burnett; 1st Lieutenant, Willis A. Spiller; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Charles Burnett.
Co. F — Captain, Grayson Dellitt ; 1st Lieutenant, Carrol Payne ; 2d Lieutenant*
Jesse G. Payne.
Co. G — Captain, John F. Day ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel Gibson ; 2d Lieutenant,
Joseph B. Scudmore.
Co. II — Captain, William K. Murphy ; 1st Lieutenant, Enos D. Hays ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James Richie.
Co. I — Captain, William L. Britton ; 1st Lieutenant, William S. Bales ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William W. McAmie.
Co. K — Captain, Mark Harper ; 1st Lieutenant, James S. Wycough ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John T. Barnett.
On the 22d of September, 1862, the 110th left Jonesboro for
Louisville, over 900 strong, remaining there till the 21st of October,
when it joined in the pursuit of Bragg, being in the 19th Brigade ofthc
21st Army Corps, under the command of General T. L. Crittenden.
The corps came up with Bragg at Perryville ; but as it was on the
extreme right of our line, it did not participate in the general battle
at that place. Upon Bragg's retreating, the 110th continued in the
pursuit to Wild Cat, skirmishing with him all the way, and returned
to Nashville on the 20th of November, where it remained till the
26th of December. At this place it was assigned to the 2d Brigade
of the 2d Division of the 21st Corps. It started for Murfreesboro
on the 26tb, skirmishing with Bragg's rear to their destination.
After the battle of Stone River, in which the 110th lost seven men
and one officer killed, and about fifty men wounded, it went into
camp until the 6th of May, 1863, and on the 8th was consolidated
into a battalion of four companies, and started on the Tullahoma
campaign. It was afterward engaged in the Chattanooga campaign.
It was assigned to the 3d Brigade of the 2d Division of the 14th
398 PATRIOTISM OF II.I.IXOIS.
Corps, about the 25th of October. From this time until the 20tU
of July, L864, the regimenl was mainly i in guard duty. At
that time it was assigned (<» its brigade, ami started <>n the Atlanta
campaign. It met the enemy at Eutaw Creek, August 7th, and at
Jonesboro. At tin- conclusion of this campaign, the 1 LOth remained
a few weeks in camp, when it went in pursuit of Forrest's guerrillas,
with wl i it skirmished at various times. On the 6th of November
it joined Sherman's grand army at Gaylesville, and ten days later
began the grand march for the Atlantic coast. It remained on duty
as provost guard at General J. C. Davis' head-quarters until the dis-
bandment of the army. On the 12th of June, 1865, it arrived at
Chicago with fourteen officers and 290 men. During the earlier
part of its career it lost very heavily from disease. At Nashville,
during one month, over 200 men of the regiment died from measles,
diarrhea and other diseases.
ONE HUNDRED AND ELEVENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 111th regiment was organized at Salem, Marion County, and
mustered into the service on the 18th of September, 1862. The fol-
lowing is the original roster :
Colonel, James S. Martin ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Joseph F. Black ; Major, William
II. Mahry ; Adjutant, William C. Stiles; Quartermaster, Benjamin F. Marshall;
Surgeon, James Phillips; 1st Assistant Surgeon, John K. Rainey ; 2d Assistant
Surgeon, Thomas S. Ilawley ; Chaplain, Jame3 B. Woolard.
Co. A — Captain, Amos A. Clark ; 1st Lieutenant, John K. Morton ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Jacob V. Andrews.
Co. B — Captain, Anderson Myers; 1st Lieutenant, William H. Walker; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George C. McCord.
Co. C — Captain, Thomas 0. Pierce ; 1st Lieutenant, James M. Forth ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William B. Holleman.
Co. D — Captain, John Foster; 1st Lieutenant, Robert W. Elder ; 2d Lieutenant,
George W. Smith.
Co. E — Captain, Joseph F. McGuire ; 1st Lieutenant, Lewellyn W. Castellom ; 2d
Lieutenant, William J. Young.
Co. F — Captain, Abner S. Gray ; 1st Lieutenant, William C. Dorris ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William H. Carpenter.
Co. G — Captain, Reuben W. Jolliff; 1st Lieutenant, Henry Simpson ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John W. Stover.
Co. H — Captain, George E. Castle ; 1st Lieutenant, Andrew J. Larimer ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Robett M. Lovell.
ONE HUNDRED AND ELEVENTH INFANTRY. 399
Co. I — Captain, Alfred J. Nichols ; 1st Lieutenant, John L. Souter ; 2d Lieuten
ant, Franklin W. Kirkham.
Co. K — Captain, Joseph Shultz ; 1st Lieutenant, Isaac H. Berry ; 2d Lieutenant,
James B. Pendleton.
The regiment left Salem on the 31st of October, for Columbus,
Kentucky, and remained there till March 12, 1863, when it was
sent to Fort Heiman, Tennessee. Here it remained until May 28th,
making frequent raids into Tennessee, capturing and destroying a
large amount of rebel property. It was then ordered to Paclucah,
Kentucky, where it remained until October 31st, when it was sent
to Gravelly Springs, Alabama. November 7th it took up its line of
march for Pulaski, where it remained until February 25, 1864. On
the 8th of March it participated in the capture of Decatur, Alabama.
On the morning of the 9th, Captain Amos A. Clark, who had been
on detached service for twelve months, rejoined the regiment, and
within two hours afterward was killed by the accidental discharge of
a pistol. On the 16th the regiment marched to Iluntsville, and
thence to Larkinsville, where it encamped until May 1st. It then
joined General Sherman's army in the Atlanta campaign, and par-
ticipated in the battles of Resaca, Dallas, New Hope Church, Ken-
esaw Mountain, Atlanta and Jonesboro. At the battle of Resaca,
the 111th was ordered to force the passage of Camp Creek, which
was clone in gallant style, in the face of a heavy fire. This being
accomplished, Colonel Martin, who commanded the brigade, ordered
a charge on the rebel works on the hills beyond. General Logan,
who was anxiously watching, saw the charge made, and exclaimed
that " the 1 1 1th had gone to !" He was mistaken, for the rebel
works were carried and occupied by the regiment. On the 25th of
October it had a skirmish with Wheeler's cavalry, in Cherokee
County, Alabama. In November it started on the march to the
sea, participating in all its trials and triumphs, being the first Union
regiment to place its colors on Fort McAllister, Georgia. It next
took part in the Carolina campaign, and was engaged with the ene-
my at South Edisto River, North Edisto River, and Bentonville. It
was present in the grand review at "Washington on the 24th of May,
1865, and on the 10th of June started for home. It arrived at Camp
Butler on the 15th, and on the 27th was paid off and finally dis-
400 PATRIOTISM "i [LLINOIB.
charged. The L 11th shows a smaller casualty list than almost any
other regimenl serving an equal Length of time. Total number
killed in battle, 42; wounded, 143; missing, 87; died of di
&c, 191 ; number of miles traveled, 4,7oo.
ONE HUNDRED AND TWELFTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The I 12th regiment was composed of Beven companies from Hen-
ry County, and throe from Stark. It was mustered into the service
at Peoria, 996 rank and file, on the 20th of September, 1S62. The
following is the original roster:
Colonel, Thomas J. Henderson ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Emory S. Bond ; Major,
James M. Hosford; Adjutant, Henry W. Wells; Quartermaster, George C. Alden;
►Surg i, John W. Spalding; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Luther S. Millike ll ; Chaplain,
Rosnill N. Henderson.
Co. A — Captain, Tristram T. Dow; 1st Lieutenant, Asa A. Lee; 2d Lieutenant,
John L. Dow
Co. B — Captain, James B. Doyle ; 1st Lieutenant, Jonathan C. Dickerson ; 2d
Lieutenant, John Cudgel.
Co. C — Captain, John J. Biggs ; 1st Lieutenant, John B. Mitchell; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Alexander P. Petrie.
Co. D — Captain, Augustus A. Dunn ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry G. Grifiiu ; 2d Lieu-
tenant., Samuel L. Patterson.
Co. E — Captain, Sylvester F. Oatman; 1st Lieutenant, Cranmer W. Brown; 2d
Lieutenant, Elmer A. Sage.
Co. F — Captain, William W. Wright; 1st Lieutenant, Jackson Lawrence; 2d
Lieutenant, Robert E. Westfall.
Co. G — Captain, Alexander W. Albra; 1st Lieutenant, James McCartney; 2d
Lieutenant, Thomas E. Milchrist.
Co. H — Captain, George W. Sroufe ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas T. Davenport; 2d
Lieutenant, Elisha Atwater.
Co. I — Captain, James E. Wilkins; 1st Lieutenant, George W. Lawrence; 2d
Lieutenant, Henry S. Comstoek.
Co. K — Captain, Joseph Westley ; 1st Lieutenant, Christian G. Gearhart, ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Edward II. Colcord.
On the 8th of October, 1862, the 112th left Peoria for Covington,
Kentucky. From thence it went to Lexington, and from thence to
Danville, in pursuit of Pegram's cavalry. About the 1st of April,
1863, the regiment was mounted, and soon after started in pursuit of
Scott's cava'ry, whom it drove from Kentucky. On the 10th of June
it made a raid into Tennessee, under General Sanders, and after
doing considerable damage to various lines of railroads, it made a
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH INFANTRY. 401
demonstration against Knoxville, but was compelled to retire before
superior forces. It next joined Burnside's army, and, as his advance,
entered East Tennessee, and participated in the battles of Philadel-
phia, Campbell's Station, Calhoun, Knoxville (where it lost 120 men),
Bean Station, Kelly's Ford and Dandridge. It returned to Ken-
tucky in 1864, and was dismounted. On the 6th of April it marched
to Knoxville, and in a few days started for Tunnel Hill, Georgia,
arriving in front of Rocky Face on the 11th of May. It took part
in the battle of Resaca on the 14th of May, where Colonel Hender-
son was wounded and the regiment lost fifty-six men. It continued
in the march to Atlanta, taking part in the battles of Nicojack Creek,
Pumpkin Vine Creek, Pine Mountain, Kenesaw, Lost Mountain, Chat-
tahoochee, Utoy Creek and Rough and Ready, losing heavily in
several of them. After the battle of Atlanta it went into camp at
Decatur, Georgia, where it rested for a while, and then started after
Hood. At Cedar Bluffs it parted from Sherman, and started with
Schofield to head Hood off. While resting at Palesca, Hood
attempted to flank it, and in order to make its position more secure,
it had to fall back, encountering some heavy skirmishing at Colum-
bia and Spring Hill. It continued to retreat until Franklin was
reached, where the 112th took a conspicuous part, as also at Nash-
ville, when it drove the rebels across the Tennessee into Alabama.
Just before the close of the war, the regiment went to Fort Fisher
on the 8th of February, 1865, and shortly after participated in the
battles of Fort Anderson, Town Creek, Wilmington and Kingston.
It then proceeded to Goldsboro, where it joined Sherman, and moved
up to Greensboro, North Carolina, where it was mustered out of
service on the 21st of June. The 112th participated in no less than
twenty-five pitched battles, and one hundred and ten skirmishes, and
* out of 996 men who originally belonged to the regiment only 424
returned.
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 113th regiment — "Third Board of Trade" — was raised in
Cook, Kankakee and Iroquois counties, in August, 1862, but was not
formally mustered as a regiment until the 1st of October. The fol-
lowing is the original roster:
26
4-02 PATRIOTISM OF H/LINOIS.
Colonel, George B. II" ■■ . Lieutenani Colonel, .(<>lm W. Paddock ; Major, Lucius
U. rates; Adjutant, Daniel S. Parker; Quartermaster, William A. McLean; Sur-
geon, Joel M. Mack; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Lucien B.Brown; 2d Assistant Sur-
WilliamN. Bailey; Chaplain, Adam J<. Rankin.
C . S Captain, George R. Clark; 1st Lieutenant, Henry W. B. Iloyt ; 2d Licu-
tenant, Daniel Ferguson,
Co. 15 — Captain, Cephas Williams ; 1st Lieutenant, Andrew Beckett; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John Ji B
Co. C —Captain, George W. Lyman; 1st Lieutenant, William E. Larry ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Barvej 1'. Hosmer.
Co. 1' — Captain, Robert B. Lucae; 1st Lieutenant, David II. Metzgcr ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, I leorge B. Fickle.
Co. E — Captain, Mason Southerland; 1st Lieutenant, U. Rial Burlingham; 2d
Lieutenant, Charles D. Trumbull.
Co. F— Captain, William I. Bridges ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph Rogers ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William German.
Co. G — Captain, John G. Woodruff; 1st Lieutenant, Frank Brown ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James I. Conway,
Co. TI — Captain, Bliss Sutherland; 1st Lieutenant, Harrison Daniels; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Aquilla C. Congill.
Co. I — Captain, George West ; 1st Lieutenant, Anderson Tyler; 2d Lieutenant,
Aaron F. Kane.
Co. K — Captain, Silas J. Garrett; 1st Lieutenant, Levi Sargent ; 2d Lieutenant,
Charles Squires.
During the month of October, 1862, the 113th was employed in
guarding rebel prisoners at Camp Douglas, and on the 5th of Novem-
ber left for Memphis, 840 strong. Here it was assigned to the 15th
Corps, .General Sherman, and with him marched to Oxford, Missis-
sippi, to join the expedition against Vicksburg. It returned with
General Sherman to Memphis, and thence to Vicksburg by water.
It was in the fights at Milliken's Bend and Chickasaw Bayou. The
next move was to Arkansas Post [Vol. I., p. 444], under McCler-
nanfflffiand Sherman. On the 3d of March, 1863, the 113th took
transports to Vicksburg, and labored on the Butler Canal for a
month. It was engaged in the expedition up the Black Bayou to
relieve Porter's gunboats, where it had a smart skirmish with the
rebels. Returning to Vicksburg, the 113th participated in the labors
and perils of the siege until the surrender of Pembcrton, losing one
third of its force engaged. From August, 1864, to February, 1^64
it was engaged in scouting in the vicinity of Corinth, and then
returned to Memphis. On the 10th of April it started on the expo-
THE KANKIN FAMILY. 403
dition under General Sturgis against Forrest. Returning, without a
fight, they started out on another expedition under General Sturgis
to Guntown, Mississippi, where it was engaged with the enemy for
two hours, losing 135 men and five officers killed, wounded and
missing. It returned to Memphis, where it remained on picket duty
till October, when it embarked on an expedition under General
Washburn up the Tennessee River. It was in the disastrous fight
at Eastport, Tennessee, where it lost fourteen men and two officers.
The next move was to Memphis, where it remained on provost guard
and picket duty until ordered home to stay. It arrived in Chicago
on the 22d of June, 1865, with 272 men and officers, leaving 242
behind. It recruited 492 men while in the service, making a total
of 1,332 men who served in its ranks.
Colonel George B. Hoge was born in Alleghany County, Pennsyl-
vania, April 16, 1834, and removed to Chicago in 1848. Five years
later he graduated at the Western University, Pittsburg, and from
that time was engaged in business avocations in Chicago until 1856,
when he removed to Missouri. When the war broke out he raised
a company for the 13th Missouri infantry (afterward 25th Missouri
infantry), and was chosen Captain. In this capacity he was at the
siege of Lexington [Vol. I., p. 155] and Shiloh, and was wounded
at the latter place. In the summer of 1862 he obtained leave of
absence and visited Chicago, where he was elected Colonel of the
113th Illinois.
In closing a sketch of the " Third Board of Trade " regiment, it is
not inappropriate to mention that in each of the three Board of Trade
regiments was a son of the well-known anti-slavery apostle, Rev.
John Rankin, of Ripley, Ohio. One entered the first (72d) as
wagon-master, another the second ( 88th) as 1st Assistant Surgeon,
and the thud in the Third Board of Trade (113th) as Chaplain.
One of the three sons — if not all of them — is a native of East
Tennessee, where the father was frequently persecuted for bis utter-
ances in behalf of freedom.
CHAPTER XXIII.
OUR TROOPERS.
The Tnrrcn Cavalry — Pursuit of Prick's Army — Pea Risen — Gallantry at Fair-
view VlCKSBURG AM) ARKANSAS POST TlIE FlFTH Cav^LRY BaTTLK OF CACHE
River — Privation and Suffering — Expeditions to Grenada ami Jackson — Mus-
ter-out Roster — The Twelfth Cavalry — A Magnificent Saber Fight — Escape
from Harper's Ferry — Tiik McClellan Dragoons — The Fight at Dumerie: —
Stoneman's Raid — Approach to Richmond — Tuns- all Station — Gettysburg —
Efficient Service of the Twelfth — Re-Organization as Veterans — Reception
in Chicago — Snow Storm — The Red River Campaign — Service in Texas — Mus-
ter out Roster — General IIasbrouck Davis.
THIRD ILLINOIS CAVALRY.
THE Third Cavalry was organized at Camp Butler, and was
mustered into the three years' service on the 26th of August,
1861. The following is the original roster:
Colonel, Eugene A. Carr ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Lafayette McCrellis ; 1st Major,
Thomas Hamar ; 2d Major, James M. Ruggles; 3d Major, John McConnell ; Adju-
tant, William O'Conuell ; Adjutant 1st Battalion, Theodore Leland ; Adjutant 2d
Battalion, James S. Crow ; Adjutant 3d Battalion, Burr Sanders; Quartermaster,
Bvron 0. Carr; Commissary. James S. Crow ; Surgeon, Albert II. Lanphere ; 1st
Assistant Surgeon, J. Spafford Hunt; 2d Assistant Surgeon, Charles Orvia ; Chaptain,
Horace M. Carr.
Co. A — Captain, D wight D. Johnson ; 1st Lieutenant, Andrew J. Taylor; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Joshua Tuthill.
Co. B — Captain, Joseph S. Maus ; 1st Lieutenant, Joel B. Ketchum ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Michael Fisher.
Co. C — Captain, Charles P. Dunbaugh ; 1st Lieutenant, David Black ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Augustas W. Tilford.
Co. D — Captain, Thomas M. Davis; 1st Lieutenant, James K. McLean; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Moses Lytaker.
Co. E — Captain, John L. Campbell ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles C. Guard ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Thomas B. Vaughn.
Co. F— Captain, Thomas W. Macfall ; 1st Lieutenant, Wellington S.Lee; 2d
Lieutenant, John Hendrickson.
THE THIRD CAVALRY. 405
Co. G — Captaiu, James B. Moore; 1st Lieutenant, EnosP. McPhail; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Charles L. Raymond.
Co. II — Captain, Edward Rutiedge ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas G. McClelland ; 2d
Lieutenant, Andrew B. Kirkbridge.
Co. I — Captain, James Nicolls; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel F. Dolloff ; 2d Lieutenant,
Edward 0. Rowley.
Co. K — Captain, Robert H. Carnahan ; 1st Lieutenant, Aaron Weider ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John Zimmerman.
Co. L — Captain, David R. Sparks ; 1st Lieutenant, Norreden Cowen ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Aaron Vanhooser.
Co. M — Captain, George E. Pease ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry M. Condee ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James H. O'Conner.
The 3d cavalry left Camp Butler on the 23d, 24th and 25th of
September, and reported to General Fremont at Benton Barracks,
St. Louis. On the 27th it left for St. Charles, and then began a
series of marches, skirmishes, &c, in Missouri and Arkansas, which
continued until the close of Fremont's and Curtis' campaigns. On
the 11th of February, 1862, it had a small skirmish with the enemy's
outposts at Marshfield. On the 13th it advanced toward Springfield,
when Major Wright was sent forward with his battalion, and had a
sharp fight with a regiment of rebel infantry, handsomely repulsing
them. On the 15th the regiment started in pursuit of Price's retreat-
ing army, and overtook them at Crane Creek, capturing seven prison-
ers, and throwing a few shells into their camp. The pursuit was
continued during the two days following, with frequent skirmishing,
until Sugar Creek, Arkansas, was reached. Here the enemy made
a stand, and a brisk engagement was had, ending with a splendid
cavalry charge, in which one battalion of the 3d participated, rout-
ing the enemy. On the 21st it arrived at Cross Hollows, and went
into camp until March 5th, when it took the advance in an expedition
to Fayetteville. The approach of the enemy caused it to fall back
to Pea{ Ridge. In the battle at the latter place it bore an honorable
and conspicuous part, opening the engagement by a charge upon
the advance of the enemy [Vol. I., p. 216]. On the 10th of April
it arrived at Forsyth, in the advance, and skirmished with the enemy.
On the 16th it marched to the mouth of the North Fork of White
River, where it destroyed the rebel saltpeter Avorks, and marched
thence to West Plains, and arrived on the 29th, "having been fifteen
days without wagons, rations or forage." In May Colonel Carr
406 PATRIOTISM OP [LLINOIS.
receive 1 notice of his promotion to Brigadier-General, dating baoi
to the 7Lh of March. On the I Lth of .May Captain McLelland and
five men were drowned while crossing While River. On the 7th of
Juno, Captain Sparks and sixty-six men were surrounded by 300 rebel
cavalry, near Fairview, and cu1 their way through, with the 1<
four men captured and Coin- wounded. On the L5th of July the regi-
ment arrived at Helena, Arkansas, after weeks of scouting and skirm-
ishing, when it, was gladden sd with a Bight of the Mississippi River,
which it. had crossed twelve, months before. Here it went into camp,
and Buffered greatly from the climate, sickness and the demoraliza-
tion of oamj) life. While stationed here, detachments were sentout
on numerous expeditions through the country. On the 23d of Decem-
ber, Companies B, C,D, II, I and L, Captain Kirkbride commanding,
received orders to embark for Vicksburg, under General Sherman.
Companies E and G were at St. Louis, under < reneral Carr. On the
28th, Captain Carnahan was relieved from duty as Provost Marshal
General, District of Eastern Arkansas, and ordered to report with
his battalion — Companies A, K, F and M — to General Steele, at the
mouth of the Yazoo River, which was done by running past the rebel
battery at Napoleon, with the loss of three men wounded. At
Chickasaw Bayou, Mississippi, the regiment was detailed for picket
and escort duty, being the only cavalry accompanying that expedi-
tion and did good service throughout the battle as pickets and order-
lies. Companies A, K, L and M were the last to embark in
transports from that ill-starred attack on Vicksburg. The regiment
next accompanied General McClernand to Arkansas Post, where it
did good service. It then went with General McClernand to
Youngs Point, where Colonel McCrellis received permission to take
his regiment back to Memphis, leaving Captain Carnahan with his
battalion— companies A, C, K, E and L— as escort to General
McClernand. Captain Carnahan was next ordered to report with his
battalion to General Osterhaus, and with the 15th Army Corps took
part in the battles of Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River
Bridge and the sieges of Jackson and Vicksburg. On the 13th of
August. 1863, the battalion was sent to New Orleans, and partici-
pated in the fights at VermiUionville, Opelonsas and Can-ion Crow
Bayou. In December, under the command of Major O'Conuer, it
THE FIFTH CAVALRY. 407
was sent to Port Hudson, where it remained till July, 1864, when
it was ordered to rejoin the regiment at Memphis. In June the main
body of the regiment took part in the fights at Tupelo, Okalona and
Guntown. On the 1st of July the regiment was again divided, a
portion being sent out on a scout in Western Kentucky. During
the month of July a large portion of the men re-enlisted as veterans,
when the non-veterans were ordered to Germantown, to garrison
that post. On the 21st of August, the regiment, under the com-
mand of Captains Brice and Kirkbride, took part in the fight at
Memphis, and contributed largely in repulsing Forrest, Major O'Con-
ner being taken prisoner. On the 24th of that month, the non-vete-
rans having been mustered out, the veterans were consolidated into
six companies, and Captain Carnahan was commissioned Lieutenant-
Colonel. On the 29th of September the regiment left Memphis and
proceeded to Florence, Alabama, where it confronted the rebel army,
under Hood, and fell back, skirmishing with his advance, and took
part in the battles of Lawrenceburg, Spring Hill, Campbellsville
and Franklin. December loth it was with the division which opened
the battle of Nashville, and distinguished itself for gallantry. In
January, 1865, it went into camp at Gravelly Springs, in General
Wilson's cavalry corps, and three weeks later marched to Eastport,
Mississippi. On the 12th of May it was ordered to report at St.
Paul, Minnesota, where it arrived on the l4th of June. On the 4th
of July it started out on an Indian expedition, returning to Fort
Snelling on the 1st of October. On the 10th it was mustered out of
the service, and arrived at Springfield on the 13th, where it was
finally paid and discharged.
FIFTH ILLINOIS CAVALRY.
The 5th cavalry regiment was organized at Camp Butler in the
fall of 1861, with the following roster:
Colonel, John J. Updegraff: Lieutenant-Colonel, Benjamin L. Wiley; 1st Major,
Thomas A. Apperson ; 2d Major, Speed Butler ; 3d Major, James Farnan ; Adjutant,
Daniel M. Turney ; Adjutant 1st Battalion, Frederick A. Nichey ; Adjutant 2d
Battalion, Osear F.Lindsey ; Adjutant 3d Battalion, Edward P. Harris ; Quarter-
master, Robert C. Wilson; Quartermaster 1st Battalion, Charles Neeeswanger ;
Quartermaster 2d Battalion, William N. Elliott ; Quartermaster 3d Battalion,
Calvin A. Mann ; Commissary, Webster C. Wilkinson ; Surgeon, Charles W. Hig-
40S PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
gins; 1st Assistant, John B. Ensey; 2d Assistant, Charles B, Kendall; Chaplain,
John \V. \V I.
Co. A Captain, Edward W. Pierson; 1st Lieutenant, Gordon WebBter; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Jacob M. Cullers.
Co. B -Captain, Thomas SicKeej 1st Lieutenant, Alfred Thayer; 2d Lieutenant,
Dennis A. Harrison,
Co. C— Captain, William P. Withers; 1st Lieutenant, James Depcw ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James A. Lawrence.
Co. I'— Captain, Henry A. Organ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel . I. II. Wilson; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Calvin SchelL
Co. E— Captain, George W. McConkey ; 1st Lieutenant, John J. Adam-; 2d Lieu-
tenant. Madison Glasco.
Co. F — Captain, Horace I'. Mumford ; 1st Lieutenant, Franei.- If. Dorothy ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William Wagenseller.
Co. G — Captain, John A. Harvey; 1st Lieutenant, William N. Elliot; '2d Lieu-
tenant, Amos H. Smith.
Co. II — Captain, Joseph A. Cox ; 1st Lieutenant, Washington F. Crane ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William G. Nelson.
Co. I — Captain, Bartholomew Jenkins ; 1st Lieutenant, Edwin S. Norfolk ; 2d
Lieutenant, John F. Smith.
Co. K — Captain, James Farnan ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles J. Childs ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John P. Mann.
Co. L — Captain, Henry D. Caldwell ; 1st Lieutenant, Harrison II. Brown; 2d
Lieutenant, William N. Berry.
Co. M — Captain, Robert Schell ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel Burrell ; 2d Lieutenant,
Albert S. Robinson.
The regiment left Camp Butler on the 20th of February, 1862,
for St. L<>uis. On the 1st of March it received orders to march in-
to the interior of Missouri. On the 1st of April it reached Doni-
phan, where it had a considerable skirmish with the rebels, routing
them and destroying their camp. Here it went into camp, diversi-
fying the monotony with frequent scouting expeditions into the sur-
rounding country. On the 12th of May it voted upon the question
of the adoption of the new constitution in Illinois, by far the great-
er portion of the men voting in the negative. It continued cam-
paigning and skirmishing in Missouri and Arkansas, with little vari-
ation, until the 7th of July, when it fought in the battle of the
Cuche River, whipping three times its own number. Soon after, one
of the men who had been left sick at Pocahontas joined the regi-
ment and reported that all the sick at that place had been taken
prisoners, and most of them paroled and sent to St. Louis. On the
14th of July it arrived at Helena, after suffering severe privations
THE GRENADA EXPEDITION. 409
from lack of water and provisions. After its arrival at Helena, it
suffered very much from bad water, hot weather, &c. On the 9th
of September the regiment was sent out on a scout, returning on the
13th, having made 102 miles in twenty-two hours, without stopping
to feed. On the 27th of October seven companies were sent out in
the direction of Grenada, Miss., where they destroyed several miles
of railroad track and a number of bridges, and took several prison-
ers. The regiment remained at Helena till May 29, 1863. In Jan-
uary of that year it took part in the expedition to Duval's Bluff, and
in April joined in the pursuit of Marmaduke in his retreat out of
the state. On the 1st of June it reported to General Grant at Sny-
der's Bluff, and on the 4th engaged the enemy at Mechanicsburg.
During the siege of Vicksburg it was in the rear of General Grant's
army, watching the movements of Johnston. On the 6th of July
it joined in General Sherman's movement on Jackson. On the 11th
the cavalry brigade was sent to Canton, Miss., where it destroyed
several miles of railroad track and a large amount of rebel property,
rejoining the main army at Jackson. On the 10th of August an ex-
pedition started for Grenada, capturing railroad trains by the way
and moving the rolling stock forward till it reached Grenada, where
the rebel General Chalmers was driven out. The engines and cars
were burned. On the 19th the regiment moved toward Memphis,
and on the 21st, at the crossing of the Coldwater, met Blythe's cav-
alry, and after a brief engagement defeated them.
It reached Memphis on the 22d, having marched 325 miles in 12
days, with but four days' rations, and closely pursued by a largely
superior force. It moved from Memphis to Vicksburg, reaching
Black River August 29th, where it remained till May 1, 1864, when
it moved into Vicksburg. During this time it was engaged in fre-
quent expeditions. On the 1st of January the command re-enlisted
in the veteran service, and on the 3d of February joined in General
Sherman's Meridian campaign. On this campaign several skirmish-
es were had with the rebels, and many miles of railroad track and
a large amount of rebel property destroyed, returning to camp
March 3d. On the 17th the veterans were furloughcd, returning to
their post on the 10th of May. During their absence, the non-vet-
erans participated in General McArthur's expedition to Benton,
410 PATEIOTI8M OF II. I. IN' <\ B.
Mississippi, meeting and defeating ill" enemy al Mechanicsburg.
During the spring and summer, the regimen! did a 1 irge amount of
patrol and picket duty in and about Vicksburg. On the L'Vili of
May, John MoConnell, formerly Major of the 3d [llinois Cavalry,
arrived at Vicksburg, and was mustered in as Colonel of the 5th,
a id Joshua Tuthill, formerly a Lieutenant in the 3d, was mustered
in as Adjutant. The regiment being sadly deficient in horses and
equipments, eight companies were dismounted, and the Isl battalion
— Companies A, B, C and D — completely mounted and equipped.
On the 1st of July, this battalion was sent, with detachments from
other cavalry regiments and a brigade of infantry, on an expedition
to Jackson. Skirmishing began on the 3d, at Big Black River, and
continued all the way to Jackson. On the lib the rebi Is drove the
2d Wisconsin cavalry from their camp, when the battalion of the
5th Illinois in turn drove the rebels from the position they had
gained. The return march was begun on the 6th, and when a few
miles from Jackson, our forces were attacked by a large force of
rebels, who were handsomely repulsed. The regiment reached
the Big Black on the 8th, and from thence went to Port Gibson and
Grand Gulf, where it had a skirmish with the rebels, returning to
Vicksburg on the L2th. On the 29th of September, the 5th, with
other regiments, all under the command of General E. D. Osband,
proceeded to Port Gibson, where it had a brief skirmish with the
rebels, driving them from the town. It moved thence to Natchez,
where it was joined by the 4th Illinois cavalry, and a battery. It
then went to Tornica Bend, and thence to Woodville, where it sur-
prised and broke up a rebel camp, and captured a large amount of
ammunition. The next morning it Avas found that the rebels had
moved up with the intention of making an attack. General Osband
did not wait "for manners' sake," but gave them battle, completely
routing them. The command returned to Vicksburg on the 11th,
with a large number of cattle and sheep, contrabands, &c. On the
20th of November, the same command was sent to destroy the Mis-
sissippi Central Railroad, over which supplies were being transport-
ed to Hood's army, and accomplished the object of the expedition.
On the 24th of January, 1865, the regiment went to Memphis. On
the 26th it started upon a raid through. Southern Arkansas and North-
THE TWELFTH CAVALRY. 411
ern Louisiana, returning February 13th. It remained at Memphis,
except when engaged in raids, &c, until July 1st, when it was
ordered to Texas, arriving at Houston, on the 13th of August, after
a most fatiguing march over the country. It remained here untU
October 6th, when it was ordered home for muster out. On the
17th it arrived at Springfield, and on the 27th it was mustered out,
receiving final payment and discharge on the 30th.
The following is the muster-out roster of the 5th cavalry :
Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General, John McConnell; Lieutenant-Colonel, Abel
H. Seeley ; 1st Major, Alexander Jessup ; 2d Major, George W. McConkey ; 3d Major,
Lyman Clark ; Quartermaster, Richard Rainforth ; Surgeon, William Watts ; Assist-
ant Surgeon, Charles B. Kendall ; Commissary, George F. West.
Co. A — Captain, Joshua Tuthill ; 1st Lieutenant, John D. Rawlings; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Warren Harper.
Co. B — Captain, Charles K. Slack ; 1st Lieutenant, Edwin Harrison ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Marion T. Hall.
Co. C — Captain, Clarenden W. Wheelock ; 1st Lieutenant, A. Y. Davidson ; 2d
Lieutenanant, Joseph Smith.
Co. D — Captain, Alonzo G. Payne.
Co. E — Captain, Francis M. Webb ; 2d Lieutenant, Townsend Wells.
Co. F — Captain, James n. Wood ; 1st Lieutenant, Jacob Stifal ; 2d Lieutenant,
James G. Bennett.
Co. G — Captain, Alexander D. Pittenger; 1st Lieutenant, William A. McAllister;
2d Lieutenant, John W. Patterson.
Co. H — 1st Lieutenant, William II. Pinkerton ; 2d Lieutenant, William Cox.
Co. I — Captain, James K. Brown ; 2d Lieutenant, Ralph H. Osborne.
Co. K — Captain, William C. Addison ; 2d Lieutenant, William Maxwell.
Co. L — Captain, William M. Berry ; 1st Lieutenant, John L. Dow ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William Inghram.
Co. M — 1st Lieutenant, Ridley McCall ; 2d Lieutenant, Samuel M. Ellis.
TWELFTH ILLINOIS CAVALRY.
In our first volume (p. 561 et seq.) we have given the original
roster of this gallant regiment, and a part of its history. At the
risk of repeating the story, we publish the history of the 12th from
its leaving camp till its muster-out.
On the evening of the 26th of February, 1862, the regiment broke
camp and took the cars for Springfield. The command then mini-
1 L2 l'A i BIO] i j\i OB n.i.iN"is.
bered lesa than three hundred men, all oi whom, however, wei
the real bone and muscle.
When the regimenl reached Springfield, Instead of being fitted
out for the field, as had been promised, orders were received from
the So ••lvtnrv of Win- to equip the men as infantry and put them to
guarding rebel prisoners al Camp Butler. It remained at Spring-
field during the spring and until June 25, 18G2, when it was mount-
ed and sent to Martinsburg, Virginia,
The first time the 12th met the enemy was after the evacuation of
Winchester by General White, of Chicago. It had become neces-
sary, therefore, that the forces at Martinsburg should establish their
outposts. Lieutenant-Colonel Davis was placed in command of
these stations. About five miles from the camp, on the Martinsburg
and Winchester pike, on the morning of the 5th of September, 18G2,
lie scouted the country as far as Bunker Hill, where he came up
with the enemy's cavalry, in numbers far superior to his own. These
were in a strong position, but the scouting party, by a vigorous
charge, routed them, and drove them several miles, killing, wound-
ing and capturing a considerable number.
On Saturday morning, the 7th, at daybreak, the enemy, having
been largely reinforced, and designing to capture Colonel Davis and
his command, made a bold attempt to get to his rear and cut him
off from his cam]) at Martinsburg. Anticipating this movement,
Colonel Davis sent out a small party under Lieutenant Logan, to re-
connoiter. This detachment was surrounded, but the men succeed-
ed in cutting their way through the enemy, and again joined the
Colonel, who immediately despatched a messenger to Martinsburg
for reinforcements. Captain Thomas W. Grosvenor (afterwards
Majorand Lieutenant-Colonel), commanding Company A, with forty
men, was immediately ordered forward, to be followed by the re-
mainder of the 12th as soon as they could be got ready. As soon as
the Captain reported, Colonel Davis ordered him out at once to meet
the enemy. He drove several squads of rebels from ambush in the
woods and roadsides, until he reached Darkesville, when he met the
enemy in force, to the number of eight hundred. As the little band
of Federal cavalry approached the graybaeks, the latter fired upon
them at short range a most terrific volley, severely wounding the
ESCAPE FROM HAKPER's FERRY. 413
Captain and killing Lieutenant Luff's horse, thus leaving the company
without a commander. Colonel Davis led the men in person. His
presence animated the troops, and his voice was heard ahove the din
of the conflict, calling upon the boys to follow him. Away they
went, madly, furiously upon the enemy, drawing their sabers as they
charged — scorning to use their pistols, but delivering their concen-
trated blows — the saber blows of forty resolute, noble heroes —
against eight hundred rebels in position! — all in cold steel, cutting
and thrusting as men never before cut and thrust, and finally drove
them until their retreat became a rout, and the forty men literally
masters of the field, the enemy running away beyond Winchester
before they could be rallied ! It is true that, in the meantime, the
remainder of the regiment had come up, and that they joined the
brave little band of forty, and completed the disaster of the rebels
on the occasion — but it was really the valor, the dash, the bravery
of this ever memorable forty, under Colonel Davis, that did the busi-
ness. The result of this encounter was that twenty-five of the rebels
were buried on the field, including Lieutenant Carroll, of the Mary-
land battalion, who, by the way, was a grandson of Charles Carroll,
of Carrollton, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence.
Fifty rebels, with their horses and equipments, were taken back pris-
oners to the Federal camp, many of them severely wounded by saber
cuts. The strangest part of this history is that the forty did not losd
a man on the field. A number were wounded, a few of whom sub-
sequently died, and some of them were disabled for life. General
White, who assumed command of the post at Martinsburg, a few
days previously, reported to the Secretary of War the result of this
battle, and Mr. Stanton responded in terms highly complimentary,
thanking the officers and men engaged, for their bravery on the oc-
casion.
A few days subsequent to this gallant affair on the Winchester
pike, the 12th rejoined General White's command, and with it fell back
before the superior numbers of the enemy, and on the morning of
September 12th entered Harper's Ferry.
On Sunday night, about nine o'clock, the 12th and other cavalry,
to the number of two thousand men, under Colonel Davis, made
their escape, having received permission from Colonel Miles to do
-1 1 1 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Following the line of the Potomac as far as Williamsport, Col-
onel Davis with his command struck off across the country, on his
waycapturing and burning a train of sixty wagons belonging to
General J^ongstreet's headquarters, and containing all that command-
er's private papers, documents, and other valuables. After cutting
through the enemy's lines, the brave boys finally reached Bagerstown,
and soon after joined McClellan at Sharpsburg, where that celebrat-
ed strategist was calmly waiting for Lee to make his escape before
inaugurating another forward movement.
While in camp at Sharpsburg, the 12th was reinforced by a con-
solidation with the two companies comprising the McClellan Dragoons,
which had been doing duty as a body guard to the General-in-Chief.
Thus increased to ten companies, the 12th was assigned to General
Averill's brigade, and under that officer made several expeditions,
until McClellan was relieved from the command of the army and
Burnside assumed the head of affairs in that section, when the 12th
was sent on picket at Williamsport and Dam Number Four on the
Upper Potomac.
On the 10th of November, 1863, the grand army began to move
by parallel routes. The 2d and 9th Corps under, Sumner, forming what,
was called the right grand division, had the advance ; the 1st and
5th Corps, the center, under Joe Hooker, and the 11th and 12th
Corps, under Sigel, were in reserve. The 12th cavalry was called
away from picket and assigned to Sigel's army, and acted as its
escort from Warrenton to Fredericksburg, frequently having severe
brushes with scouting parties of J. E. B. Stuart's cavalry. After
the disastrous battle of Fredericksburg, the 12th was sent to Manas-
sas and below to observe the movements of Lee and Stuart. After
performing this service the regiment was sent to Dumfries.
Generals Stuart and Fitz Hugh Lee's cavalry, with a battery of
artillery, in all about 3,500 men, crossed the Rappahannock above
Burnside's army, on Saturday, the 27th of November, 1862, and,
advancing between Bentsville and Stafford Court House, were joined
by Hampton's Legion, when they made a combined attack on Dum-
ries, on the Lower Potomac, at two o'clock the same afternoon.
Dumfries was garrisoned by a portion of General Geary's division,
consisting of the 5th, 7th and 66th Ohio regiments, and the 12th Illi-
stoneman's eaid. 415
nois cavalry, all under command of Colonel Charles Candy. The
enemy surprised the outpost pickets, and took about fifty of the 12th
Illinois and 1st Maryland cavalry men prisoners. Immediately after
this surprise had been effected, the enemy opened upon the garrison
with artillery, shelling our troops in the town, and made repeated
charges upon them, each of which was met and repelled with the
tire and steadiness which distinguished these troops at Winchester,
Cross Keys, Cross Lanes, Port Republic, Cedar Mountain, Harper's
Ferry and Antietam. The fight was vigorously continued on both
sides, without intermission, all the afternoon and until late in the
evening. At four o'clock the whole force of the enemy was concen-
trated in an attack upon our flank, but the movement was promptly
met and the rebels repulsed. At eight o'clock they retired discom-
fited and beaten by Colonel Candy's force — so inferior to their own
but who had never failed to face the enemy — to the Neobsco River,
about four miles above Dumfries, when they encamped for the night.
In this battle our loss, according to official returns, was only three
killed (one commissioned officer) and eight wounded. As far as
could be ascertained from the prisoners taken by our side, and from
citizens, the loss of the enemy was between twenty-five and thirty
killed, and about forty wounded.
In our sketch of this regiment we now come to the part taken by
it in the celebrated " Stoneman raid," made during the first days of
May, 1803. On the 3d of May, Lieutenant-Colonel Davis received
orders to penetrate to the Fredericksburg railroad, and, if possible,
to the Virginia Central, and destroy communications between Rich-
mond and Lee's army, then confronting Hooker on the Rappahan-
nock. In case the latter part of the programme was carried out,
the regiment was to make for Williamsburg, supposed to be in pos-
session of General Keyes, of our army, who had been sent up the
Peninsula, as a means of diverting the attention of the rebels. The
12th began the march before daybreak, passing down the bank of
the South Anna, through a region never before occupied by our
forces. It burned one bridge and dispersed a party of mounted
guerrillas who made a poor attempt to oppose it. The first line of
railway was struck at Ashland. Lieutenant Mitchell, with a party
of about a dozen men, was sent ahead to occupy the place. He
! 1 1', p \ i i:i' n i-M 01 ii. i iv »I8.
dashed into the Tillage and took it vrithoul Loss. There were but
few of ibe enemy there, and they escaped, minus their shooting-
irons, however. The inhabitants were very much astonished at the
appearance of this Fankee force in their midst, and it required :v
great deal of persuasion before they became assured that their per-
sons and property would nol be harmed.
When the remainder of the regiment came lip, the boys were set
to work cutting the telegraph wires and tearing up the rails. A
quantity of boards were piled in the trestle- work of a railroad bridge
south of the town, which, being ignited, made an immense fire, and
soon consumed the entire structure. While at this work, a train of
cars approached the village, was captured, and broughl in for inspec-
tion. It proved to be an ambulance train from Fredericksburg, of
seven cars, filled with two hundred and fifty sick and wounded officers
and Soldiers, with a guard. Among those captured were an Aid to
General Letcher and several officers of high rank. Colonel Davis,
after receiving from them their version of the battle of Chancellors-
ville, paroled them and let them go, leaving the ears for the benefit
of the poor fellows who were more seriously injured. The engine
and tender of the train, together with another found in the town,
were rendered completely useless by a mechanic from the ranks.
After destroying a wagon train and a quantity of harness, and
taking about eighty mules, the regiment moved out of Ashland.
When about five miles from the town, word was brought that eight-
een wagons were camped in the woods nearby; Captain Roder,
witli Companies B and C, was sent to destroy them, which he did.
The Central Railroad was struck at Hanover Station on the after-
noon of the 5th. Although wearied and exhausted by the day's
march, Colonel Davis thought it best to complete the duty assigned
him, and break all the enemy's connections before going into camp.
Thirty officers and men were captured and paroled at the Station.
Captain Shears was ordered to destroy the trestle-work, which
reached about ten rods to the south of the depot. The work was
effectually done by the same process as at Ashland, and by its blaze
could be clearly discerned the Confederate guards passively stand-
ing at the other end. The boys also burned a culvert and cut the
telegraph wires, and burned the depot buildings, storehouses, stables
FIGHT AT TUNSTALL STATION. 417
and a train of cars, all belonging to the rebel government and filled
with property.
By the light of the burning buildings the regiment left the station
and marched for the Court House, which had been previously occu-
pied by Captain Fisher with Companies A and G, who had placed
pickets there and taken a Captain and four men prisoners. Passing
on through the Court House, and marching on down to within seven
miles of Richmond, the regiment bivouacked till eight o'clock the
next morning, when it marched for Williamsburg.
At Tunstall Station (near the White House and the Richmond
and Yorktown railroad), a train of cars filled with infantry and a
three-gun battery, was run up, with the intention of debarking there
and giving battle to the 12th. Colonel Davis at once took measures
to break through this force before the men could be got out of the
cars or the battery in position. He therefore brought up the two
foremost squadrons, and ordered a charge, which was executed, Cap-
tain Reans, with Companies D and F, taking the lead. This charge
was made most gallantly. The infantry filled the embankment of
the railway and poured upon the boys a severe fire, but the brave
fellows dashed up to the embankments in splendid style, and with
carbines and pistols responded to the fire with equal effect. It was
impossible, however, to break through. There were formidable rifle-
pits to the left of the road, which the enemy soon filled. The 12th
retired from the conflict with a loss of two killed and several wound-
ed; among the latter Lieutenant Marsh, who was one of the fore-
most in the charge.
Failing to penetrate the enemy's lines at this point, Colonel Davis
determined to cross the Pamunkey and Mattapony rivers, and make
for Gloucester Point. In this movement he had nothing to guide him
but a common map of the State of Virginia, and he also was in entire
ignorance of the position of the enemy's force, except that the line
before him was closed. The only information he could gather was
from ignorant contrabands. He selected Plnnkett's Ferry, over the
Pamunkey, and occupied it after driving away a picket on the other
side, with whom the regiment exchanged shots. The regiment was
crossed in a boat holding fifteen or eighteen men and horses, which
was poled across the river. In the same manner the passage of the
27
418 PATRIOTISM OF n.U'
Mattapony was made, a1 Walkertown, after driving away the pick-
ets. The L2th captured fifteen rebels, and destroyed a quantity of
saddles al Kings and Queens Courl House. From Walkertown the
rerimenl marched to Gloucester Point, having traveled a distance of
over two hundred miles, much of it through Southern homes never
disturbed by the presence of the enemy. Not far from Saluda the
regiment captured and destroyed a train of eighteen wagons loaded
with corn and provisions.
The total loss sustained by the 12th in this most remarkable raid
was two commissioned officers and thirty-three enlisted men, while
the regiment brought with it, as results of the expedition, one hundred
mules and seventy-five horses, captured from the enemy. A much
larger number of animals were captured in the course of the march,
but they could not be brought along. The amount of property
destroyed was estimated at over one million dollars.
While a portion of the 12th remained at Gloucester Point, one
battalion was sent to General Dix, commanding at Fortress Monroe,
and the remainder reported at Alexandria. The detachment which
reported to General Dix made frequent forays into the interior
counties, for the purpose of suppressing a band of* smugglers who
infested that district. On one of these expeditions a rebel General,
William II. Lee, a son of Robert E. Lee, was captured and taken to
Fortress Monroe.
It would be almost impossible to follow the history of the regiment
in detail from the time it was broken in detachments up to the time
these scattered fragments were again combined, which occurred in
June, 1863. Immediately after the battle of Beverly Ford, the 12th
cavalry joined Pleasanton, and was assigned to the 1st Brigade of
the 1st Division.
Buford's division, without waiting to recover from the fatigue
consequent upon its recent severe engagements, marched toward the
Potomac from Aldie Gap, and, following its windings, crossed into
Maryland at Point of Rocks, and continued on in a northeasterly
direction to Gettysburg, where it arrived on the 3d of June. Gene-
ral Buford, with his usual quickness, perceived the necessity of tak-
ing possession of a horse-shoe ridge of low, uniform hills, running
just beyond the town of Gettysburg. The position was a most for-
THE TWELFTH AT GETTYSBURG. 419
niidable one, as both ends of these ridges terminated in steep, sugar-
loaf peaks, which would thoroughly protect the flanks of the force
occupying them. Disposing the greater part of his force of cavalry
and his horse batteries on these eminences, Buford, on the 1st of July,
at an early hour, fell upon the flanks of Longstreet's corps, which
was moving south from Carlisle, charging and recharging, and still
repeating the operation, forcing a portion of the enemy at every
onslaught to halt and form line of battle. In this manner the rebels
were not only sorely damaged by the loss of a large number of men
killed and wounded, but their movements were impeded greatly,
which gave General Meade an opportunity to push forward his lag-
ging infantry and get them into position for resistance. A brigade
of Pennsylvania militia and a battery of artillery, commanded by
"Baldy" Smith, which had got into Longstreet's front, and Avere
being hotly pressed with every indication of falling prisoners, were
rescued from that unhappy fate by the daring Western roughriders
under Davis, Medill and Chapman, who charged right into the face
of the rebel infantry, and forced them to give up the pursuit! After
this feat, the brigade fell back on the main body of the division, and
until ten o'clock Buford continued to hold his position against Long-
street's entire corps of infantry. At that hour he was relieved by
the celebrated " Iron Brigade," of Wisconsin infantry, and other
troops of the 1st Corps, under the lamented Reynolds, who was killed
while standing near General Buford, taking observations of the
enemy. Immediately after being relieved by General Reynolds, the
cavalry under Buford fell back to the rear of our army, and for the
two succeeding days were engaged in guarding our supply trains
from the attacks of Stewart. On the 4th of July, when Lee's army
made its last grand attempt to retrieve its fortunes, the brigade was
hastened off toward Williamsport, with orders to sieze the ford and
hold it against the enemy.
In the march from Gettysburg to Williamsport the boys succeeded
in capturing upward of two thousand demoralized rebels, who were
endeavoring to make their way back to the " sacred soil," and over
two hundred wagons and teams. The wagons were destroyed, and
the mules driven down to Washington. On the 6th of July the cav-
alry reached the vicinitv of Williamsport, and being informed that the
420 PATKI'U is\I OF ILLINOIS.
place wis guarded by only one regiment of Stuart's cavalry, the
8tli 1 1 1 i i > ( > Ls and a portion of the 12th rushed forward for the purpose
of driving out the enemy.
After the defeat and retreat of Leo at Gettysburg, the 12th
Illinois and other regiments of the brigade followed the fortuni
the Army of the Potomac. It was present at the cavalry battles
which occurred at Falling Waters, the Etapidan, and at Stevensburg,
in all of which it acquitted itself with its usual bravery. On the
20th of November, 1803, the 12th was relieved from duty with the
Army of the Potomac, and was ordered home to Illinois to re-organ-
ize as veterans. This distinguished privilege was awarded to the
regiment, by the Secretary of War, "for brilliant services in the
field."
On the evening of the 28th of November, the regiment reached
Chicago, and was received, from first to last, with one grand burst
of patriotic admiration and enthusiasm. At Bryan Hall the most
ample provision had been made for its accommodation. Kind and
bright eyes spoke a sweeter welcome to the tired and hungry boys
than could be extracted from whole dictionaries of words. Every-
thing pertaining to the entertainment passed oft* without the least
flaw to mar the general joy which prevaded all hearts and shone
from all eyes.
At the conclusion of a brief season of rest, the regiment, which had
been recruited up to the maximum number of 1,250 officers and
men, re-assembled at Camp Fry. On the night of January 2, 1804,
a snow storm of uirparalleled violence set in and raged with uncon-
trolled fury for three days. Cognizant of its irresistible power, the
storm visited, in the course of its triumphant march, the camp of the
12th Illinois, causing much suffering and hardship. The brave men
who had unflinchingly faced the rebels were taught that they could
not successfully cope with the Northern Boreas.
On the 9th of February the regiment started for St. Louis, and
went into camp there. In the early days of March it embarked on
transports for New Orleans, and shortly after arriving there, was
ordered to join General Banks, on his retreat down the Red River,
participating in the different engagements of the retreat, and losing
OONSOLIDATION. 421
.1 large number of men. At the conclusion of the disastrous Red
River campaign, the 12th returned to New Orleans, and was almost
immediately ordered to do picket duty on the Lafourche, from Don-
aldsonville to Thibodeaux, Louisiana, continuing on this line during
the summer. In the early part of September, the regiment was or-
dered to report to General Lee, commanding the cavalry division,
at Baton Rouge, where it was actively employed in scouting and
picket duty. In the early part of November, 1864, the 12th (then
brigaded with the 2d Illinois cavalry, the brigade commanded by
Colonel Davis) and the other cavalry regiments, under General A.
L. Lee, made an expedition to Liberty, Mississippi, where they had
a severe action, driving the enemy and capturing a number of pris-
oners, cannon and small arms. Lieutenant- Colonel Dox, in charge
of the outposts, repulsed several attacks of the enemy. Subsequent-
ly the regiment participated in General Davidson's expedition
against Mobile, returned to Baton Rouge, and on the 7th of Janu-
ary, 1865, went up the river to Memphis, joining General Osband's
division. In the latter part of January, with the other regiments of
the division, it made a raid through Southeastern Arkansas, returning
to Memphis, and did scouting and picket duty in the vicinity, until
June, 1865, when it was ordered to join General Custar's cavalry
division at Alexandria, Louisiana. From there it marched with the
division to Hempstead, Texas, at which place it remained until some
time in September, when it marched to Houston, reporting to Ma-
jor-General Mowei*, commanding the eastern district of Texas.
From this time to the final mustering out, the regiment, distributed
in detachments through the district, was actively employed in guard
and escort duty, maintaining the United States' authorities, and pro-
tecting the Union men and freedmen.
While at Memphis, " in pursuance of Circular No. 36, paragraph
three, section two, from War Department, A. G. O., of 1864, the
12th Illinois cavalry was consolidated into an eight company organ-
ization ; and the 4th Illinois cavalry, having previously been consol-
idated into a battalion of five companies, was, in compliance with
instructions received from the War Department, transferred to and
consolidated with the 12th Illinois cavalry. The organization to
bear the designation of the latter regiment."
£22 P \ ! i:i"i ISM OF ILLINOIS.
The regiment was finally mustered oul of the United States' ser-
vice at Houston, Texas, on the 29th of May, 1866, and ordered to
pr ed to Camp Butler, Springfield, for paymenl and discharge.
It left Houston on the 2d of June, and arrived at Springfield on the
l iih, and was paid off on the L8th — the lasl regimenl from our state
to return home.
The following is the muster-out roster of the regiment:
Colonel, Hamilton I!. Dox ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Andrew H, Langholz; Major, An-
thony T. Search; Adjutant, William Crookea; Quartermaster, Asher B. Ball; Sur-
geon, Asa Morgan \ 1st Assistant Surgeon, Ralph D. Parsons; Commissary, Henrj
M. Stahl.
Co. A — Captain, Isaac Conroe ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph A. Addington ; 2d Lieu-
tenant Frank G. Miller.
Co. B — Captain, Henry Lossburg; 1st Lieutenant, Edwin Kolkow ; 2d Lieutenant,
Oscar Charles.
Co. C — Captain, William II. Redman ; 1st Lieutenant, George R. Stowe ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Frank Meacham.
Co. D — Captain, John J. DeLacey ; 1st Lieutenant, Patrick Mahar ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Robert Canficld.
Co. E — Captain, Edson H. Pratt ; 1st Lieutenant, Solomon F. Emden; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William II. Estep.
Co. F — Captain, Edmund Luff; 1st Lieutenant, Charles L. A met ; 2d Lieutenant,
Allen C. Hartwell.
Co. G — Captain, Abraham Doniea ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry Martin; 2d Lieutenant,
David W. White.
Co. II — Captain, Robert Gray; 1st Lieutenant. Jesse C. Rodgers ; 2d Lieutenant,
Henry Richardson.
Co. I — Captain, Edward Mann ; 1st Lieutenant, Andrew J. Norton; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James E. Sterling.
Co. K — Captain, William D. Wardlow ; 1st Lieutenant, Benjamin J. Arnold ; 2d
Lieutenant, Cornelius W. Sparkes.
Co. L — Captain, John F. Wallace ; 1st Lieutenant; Sacia F. Taylor ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Edwin E. English.
Co. M — Captain, Charles H. Bussum ; 1st Lieutenant, John Few ; 2d Lieutenant,
Frederick Walker.
General Hasbrouck Davis was born in "Worcester, Massachusetts,
April 23, 1827. His father, Hon. John Davis, was United States
Senator and Governor of Massachusetts. Young Davis came to
Chicago in 1855, and commenced the practice of law, and had very-
fair success till the war broke out, when he joined with Colonel Voss
in raising the 12th Illinois cavalry, closed his law office and left for
BREVET BEIGADIER-GENERAL DAVIS. 423
the seat of war as Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment. He remained
in service till August, 1865, when he resigned as Brevet Brigadier-
General. He made an honorable record for bravery and sagacity,
for courage and unflinching constancy to the country.
He is now one of the Editors of the Chicago Evening Post, an
evening paper of this city, is a successful journalist, and sustains
with his pen the policy for which he fought with his sword.
Thus in our country the citizen becomes the soldier, and the sol-
dier is merged in the citizen. War calls up an army line a million
strong, while peace finds so many accessions to her sons of toil !
Genera] Hamilton Bogart Dox, was born in Albany, New York,
April 28, 1827. He resided there until 1848, when he removed to
Buffalo, New York, where he remained till 1854, and then took up
his residence in Chicago. Here he was Cashier of the Exchange
Bank of H. A. Tucker & Co., until 1860, when he was appointed
Cashier of the Bank of Milwaukee. He returned the same year to
Chicago, to take the cashiership of the Marine Bank. In the fall of
1863, he was authorized to recruit three companies for the 12th cav-
alry, which duty he performed, and joined the regiment with a bat-
talion, on its return home on veteran furlough, and was appointed
Lieutenant- Colonel. On the resignation of Colonel Davis he was
commissioned Colonel and commanded the regiment from August,
1865, until its muster out. He was subsequently brevetted a Briga-
dier-General for gallant and meritorious services — a promotion he
richly deserved.
CHAPTER XXIV.
GRANT'S ARMY— VICTORY.
Grant's Army — Siege of Petersburg, — Futile Efforts — Opening of Spring — Losses
— Grant's Strategy — Rebel Iron-clad Dash — Extension of Union Left — Sheri-
dan's Command — His Great Raid — Reaches White House — Lee's Dash on Fort
Steedman — Recaptured — Rebel Prisoners — Important Position Gained — Ad-
vance on the Union Left — Fifth and Second Corps — Face Northward — White-
Oak Road — Five Forks Reached and Abandoned — Sheridan Reinforced — Long-
street comes to Help Lee's Right — Ayer's Division Broken — Griffin and Hum-
phreys— The Rebel Lion at Bay — Sheridan again at Five Forks — Devins and
Davies — Enemy Concentrate on Sheridan — Nightfall — Ayers' Division — Sheri-
dan's Advance — Five Forks again — Orders to Warren — His Removal — Union
Assault — Victory — Petersburg — Park's Assault — Wright — Humphreys' — Gib-
bons takes Gregg and Alexander — Miles goes to Sheridan — Enemy Driven —
Sutherland's Depot — Hill Killed — Lee's Right Wing Gone — Ten Thousand
Lost — Desperation — Lee's Telegram to Davis — Excitement in Richmond — Weit-
zell — Entrance into Richmond — " Richmond Ours ! " — Excited African — The
Country — Grant's Policy — Lee attkmpts Retreat — Chesterfield — Amelia Court
House — Sheridan reaches Jetersville — Cuts Danville Railway — Deep Creek —
Pajne's Cross Roads — Deatonville — Crooks — Ewell's Corps Captured — Ord —
General Theodore Reed — Lee over the River — Hunger is King — Lee's Officers
say Surrender — Bloody Fighting — Grant Demands the Surrender of Lee's
Army — Lee's Answer — Grant's Terms — Sheridan Mistaken — Lee Heads toward
Lynchburg — Changes and comes between Lee and Supplies — Appomattox Station
— Lee Proposes Diplomacy — Attempts to Cut throuh Sheridan's Cavalry —
" What ! Infantry ! " — White Flag — Grant's Answer — Lee Proposes Surren-
der— Correspondence — The Army of "Northern Virginia" — Grant goes to
Washington — His Report — His Plans Successful.
THE siege before Petersburg went slowly on. Efforts had been
made and failed to secure the South-side Railroad, and Han-
cock sustained a severe assault from Lee, but repulsed it. The army
of the James attempted to drive the enemy on the Williamsburg
and York River railroads, but foiled, though a work of considerable
importance was carried, and so the army rested from any grand
movement from October until the opening of the spring campaign.
The army under Grant and Meade had lost from May 5, 1864, to
CX-. So
.L.CHET1AIN.
CLARKE & CO. PUBLISHERS
3 ^
sheridan's raid. 425
November 1, 1864, as follows: Killed — officers, 796 ; enlisted men,
9,776; wounded — officers, 2,796 ; enlisted men, 51,161; missing —
officers, 775 ; enlisted men, 23,083. An aggregate loss of 88,387
and yet the defences of Petersburg were impregnable, Rich-
mond flaunted its defiant flags in the face of our veterans, and the
Army of Northern Virginia, one of the best disciplined and bravest
ever led to battle, though decimated, held our forces at bay. Grant
was criticized by many, but his strategy was to succeed. Possibly
some shorter road to success might have been found, but Grant at
last succeeded, and crushed the Army of Northern Virginia. He
waited until he could crush it, instead of rolling it back upon Sher-
man. December 7th three rebel ironclads attended with steamers,
torpedo-boats, etc., made a daring effort to pass and destroy our bat-
teries and had well-nigh achieved a dangerous success, but were de-
feated.
On the 5th and 6th of February, by a series of movements at-
tended by hard fighting and 2,000 Federal loss, our left was extend-
ed permanently to Hatcher's Run and important advantage gained.
There were some daring rebel movements in Northern and Western
Virginia by Moseby and Rosser, but nothing of serious importance.
Sheridan really opened the spring campaign by a grand raid of his
cavalry. He was ordered to demonstrate against Lynchburg and
the rebel communications, but had permission to swing southward
and go to the aid of Sherman who was deficient in horsemen. He
left Winchester with 10,000 horse, rode rapidly to the bridge at Mt.
Crawford, over the middle Shenandoah before the enemy could burn
it, rode through Staunton, that nest of disloyalty, and fell upon
Jubal Early who, with the remains of his army, some 2,500, was
intrenched at Waynesboro, capturing 1,600 prisoners, 11 guns, 91
flags and 200 wagons. He wrecked the railroad and then dashed
against Charlottesville which yielded at once, and Sheridan devoted
two days to destroying rebel depots, manufacturies, bridges, etc.
The alarm spread and there was the mustering of troops at Lynchburg
too strong for unassisted cavalry. He divided his command and head-
ed both columns for the James, one destroying the canal from Scotts-
ville to Newmarket, the other tearing up the Lynchburg Railroad
westward to Amherst C. H., then crossing to Newmarket and uniting
with the other wing.
426 PATRIOTISM 01 ll.l.l.\ois.
The enemy had taken steps, assisted by heavy rains, which baf-
fled Sheridan's purpose to ride in on Grant's lefl and he chose the
alternative of passing in the rear of Lee's army (<> White House,
which he did leisurely, destroying bridges, &c., as he went, reach-
ing White House March L9th, giving four days' rest to his weary
men and jaded horses, then on the 27th reporting to the- Lieutenant-
( ieneral.
General Lee saw that he was being environed and must once
more employ the frequently victorious policy of massing his forces,
falling upon some vulnerable spot in the Union lines and cutting it
in twain. He selected Fort Steedman, which is nearly east of 1 Peters-
burg, and had he been successful he would have marched his army
southward to unite with Johnston and thus Sherman would have
been exposed to the assault of almost the entire force of the Con-
federacy.
At dawn on the morning of March 25th, General Gordon, with
two divisions, with the bulk of Lee's army as a support, charged
across the narrow space, carried Fort Steadman, captured all of the
14th New York Artillery who did not escape by flight and turned
tin' unms upon our works ; three additional batteries were abandoned
by us and seized by the rebels.
Thus far all went well for them. The next effort was to seize
Fort Haskell, next to Steedman on the left, but the assault was re-
pulsed ; the support failed to come in time; the crest between and
behind the forts, if carried, would have divided our army, but it was
not carried. Our men recovered from their astonishment and ral-
lied ; a terrible fire isolated Gordon's division, and 2,000 sur-
rendered. It was the blunder of the Petersburg mine repeated this
time, by the enemy.
General Meade ordered an instant advance by our forces to the
left of Fort Steedman, and they moved with such energy as to beat
back the rebel line, carry its strongly-intrenched picket line and hold
it. Lee's retreat into North Carolina was thus rendered more diffi-
cult and perilous than ever and an important advantage Avas gained
by the army threatening his annihilation. The spirit of the rebel
chieftain was almost broken.
Grant was ready on the 29th for a general advance on his left. Not
PRESSING LEE. 427
only did he wish to flank the rebel right but he would not permit
Lee to escape into North Carolina. Hence he withdrew from the
James three divisions of Ord's army and ordered them to his left
before Petersburg- ; Warren and Humphreys with the 5th and 2d
Corps respectively, were moved west across Hatcher's Run and
faced northward to operate upon the rebel right. At the extreme
left was Sheridan with his 10,000 horsemen acting directly under
orders from Grant. Humphreys reached the Boydton plank-road, and
Sheridan rested at night at Dinwiddie Court House. Warren's Corps
met resistance, but held its ground, capturing 100 prisoners, and
halted at night in front of the rebel intrenchments defending the
White Oak road, having lost 370 killed and wounded. All night
and the next day the rain fell ; the infantry was, perforce, content
with perfecting its formation and strengthening its connections.
Sheridan gradually pressed back the foe, and crowded part of his
command on the rebel right flank to the Five Forks but found him
too strong to ride over or destroy with his unaided cavalry and re-
turned to Dinwiddie Court House. General Grant directed Warren
to assist Sheridan, placing the latter in command.
So heavy had been the rain that Grant would have remained quiet
but for the movements of Lee who left Longstreet 8,000 men to hold
Richmond, and with the main body of infantry hurried to support
his right, while his cavalry, which Sheridan's advance had cut off
from the main body, made circuitous movement around Dinwiddie
Court House to recover its communications. Lee met Warren, who
was attempting to seize White Oak road, striking General Ayres in
flank and rear, throwing his broken division upon Crawford's, break-
ing it, and disaster seemed imminent. But Griffin's division stood
meeting the rebel wave and breasting it. Warren rallied his divis-
ions behind it, and advanced, assisted by Humphreys who ordered
Miles' division to move on Warren's right and strike Lee's left flank,
and thus the rebel tactics again failed, and the army deemed so long
invincible, was driven into its intrenchments, having lost a large
number in killed and wounded and more in prisoners. Here the lion
was fairly brought to bay, and efforts to carry his works on the White
Oak road were futile.
While Warren was thus engaged Sheridan advanced and carried
PATRIOTISM OF [LLINOI8.
the point where he was before prevented from turning the rebel
righl at Five Forks. Lei senl two divisions of infantry which fell
upon Devin's brigade and Davies1 division of cavalry and drove
ili mi, following almosl toDinwiddie Courl Bouse, cutting them ofl
from Sheridan, compelling Devin to make a tedious detour before lie
could rejoin him. This was mistaken by the enemy for a r<
and they attempted pursuit, when Sheridan ordered two brigades to
charge them in flank and rear. Taming from Devin, the enemy
came in force upon Sheridan. He was vastly outnumbered, but dis-
mounting his men and forming a slight barricade, the advancing foe
was received by a deadly fire and recoiled. Nightfall stayed the
slaughter, and Lee withdrew his men, for they were exposed to a
flank assault from Warren while Sheridan held the front. At head-
quarters there was intense solicitude when it was announced that
Sheridan was compelled to fall back to Dinwiddie Court House and
Warren was repeatedly ordered to his help. He sent Avers for-
ward through darkness and mud, but he was stopped at Gravelly
Run for want of the bridge ; he rebuilt it, crossed at 2 A. M., hur-
ried forward and reached Dinwiddie as the last of the rebels were
leaving. Sheridan was not alarmed, and at daylight, supported by
Avers, followed his foe, and was joined at 7 A. M. by Warren with
his two remaining divisions. Again his cavalry advanced at 2 P. M.
and crowded the rebels into the. works at Five Forks, thus leaving
Warren's troops at liberty for service. He ordered Merrick to
threaten the rebel right with his cavalry, and Warren to move his
corps on our right to the White Oak road on the rebel left flank,
and then, when the moment came, by a wheel leftward, fall upon,
throw his force hack upon itself, and thus compel its confusion.
McKenzie, with the cavalry of the army of the James, was to cover
Warren's right from assault and did so after a soldierly fashion, at-
tacking and driving the only rebel force in that direction, and return-
ing to bear a hand in the assault at Five Forks.
Sheridan is by nature impetuous and now greatly fretted under
what seemed to him tardiness upon the part of Warren, for at 4
P. M., the darkness coming on, Warren had not charged as order-
ed. At length the advance was made. As a gap opened under the
rebel fire, between the left of Crawford's and the right of Ayers' di-
GENERAL WAKREN. 429
vision, and some portion of our troops were thrown into confusion.
This caused Sheridan to relieve General Warren, and give his com-
mand to General Griffin.*
The gap was filled — the rebels were outflanked and compelled to
face a heavy fire in both directions. They were the veteran divi-
sions of Pickett and Bushrod Johnson, and bravely they stood, but
the odds were too formidable. Merritt's cavalry came down in front ;
Ayers' division charged on the entrenchments protecting their flanks,
capturing 1,000 men of arms ; Griffin dealt a terrible blow against
their refused flank in the rear, capturing 1,500 prisoners ; Crawford
brushed aside the thin skirmish line which alone opposed him, seized
the Ford road, isolating them from Lee, and cutting off their retreat
in that direction, and then made a sharp assault upon their rear.
The bravest could not stand in such a sea of fire, which dashed
its billows from nearly all sides toward the center, and the ene-
my broke in confusion and fled westward, pursued for miles by our
cavalry, until darkness precluded further chase. Five thousand pris-
oners were in our hands, and our loss did not exceed one thousand.
Lee's right wing was as effectually destroyed as had been Hood's
army befjre Jvashville.
Griffin moved two divisions eastward, toward Petersburg, re-
opening communications with our main army, and sent another up
the road to Hatcher's Run.
At dark Grant ordered the artillery to open upon Petersburg.
At daybreak an assault was made. Parke's corps ( 9th ) carried the
outer line of works, but was stopped by the inner ; the 6th corps,
under Wright, with two of Ord's divisions, charged up to the Boyn-
ton road, wheeled to the left, and came down behind the rebel
works, capturing considerable artillery and some thousands of pris-
oners. The remaining divisions of Orel's army, by a rapid charge,
forced the enemy's lines, and Wright and Orel swung to the right,
and moved against the doomed city from the west. Humphreys
*It is doubtful if justice was done Warren. It is claimed that he was actually re-
lieved after he had done the work assigned him. Swinton says, " After the close of
the action, Sheridan relieved Warren," &c. Headly says, " From some unexplain-
ed cause, right in the moment of victory, while Warren was in the front with hi3
shouting troops, Sheridan removed him," &c. Warren asserts that Sheridan's order
did not reach him until the fighting was done. Sheridan's report is different.
430 PATRIOTISM OF [LLINOI8.
carried a redoubl by storm, and came up with two shouting divisions,
and closed in on their left. Gibbons, with two of Orel's divisions,
assaulted the rebel lines smith of the city, and stormed Forts Gregg
an<l Alexander, losing five hundred men. Thus our line- were short-
ening, and the defences were giving way, and it was evident that
the city must soon be opened to us.
A division under General Miles was dispatched to Sheridan,
reached him at dawn, and was ordered to move along the White
Oak road eastward toward Petersburg, and at the junction of Clai-
born mad, attack the rebels where they were in force. Sheridan fol-
lowed elosely, with the divisions of Griffin and Crawford. The
movement was successful, and the enemy was dislodged and driven
northward across Hatcher's Run, when Miles' division was summoned
to rejoin Humphreys' corps. Under the orders of this commander,
it struck the enemy at Sutherland's depot, capturing two guns and
six hundred men. Sheridan returned to Five Forks, and went out
toward Sutherland's depot to assail the enemy, which Miles defeated
before he came up.
The rebel cause grew desperate. There was defeat in all direc-
tions. Sherman held Johnston, Petersburg was about to fall, and
Richmond could not much longer hold out. True there was yet a
portion of the army of Northern Virginia — the flower of that army
— but it could not achieve impossibilities.
Longstreet, who had commanded the Richmond defences north of
the James, came to Lee at Petersburg, Sunday, April 2d. Hill, one
of his Generals, and one of the ablest in the rebel service, ordered
Heth to charge the captured works held by General Park, to regain
them. The assault was desperately made, but troops were sent to
Park's help, and it was repulsed. Hill was shot dead.
Lee's right wing was gone. He had lost 10,000 men — Grant could
take and hold the Appomattox at pleasure, while, unless there was
the utmost promptness, the railroad junction at Burksville would
soon be in Federal hands. It was evident Petersburg and Richmond
must be given up. The hour of Providence had come. Lee tele-
graphed at 10:30 A. M. to Davis, and a messenger went to the church
at 11 and handed him this telegram:
" My lines are broken in three places. Richmond must be evacuated this evening."
DAVIS IN CHURCH. 431
As the message was handed the arch-conspirator there was a solemn,
terrible pause — he read it — and left the church. Now he heard the
summons of God as Pharoah upon the banks of the Nile. Now he
felt the crushing wretchedness of one who attempting to lead a great
conspiracy had failed, and hundreds of thousands of lives had paid
the price of his failure ! Did he then see the wan faces and skeleton
hands of the victims starved slowly in Libby Prison, at Anderson-
ville aud Millen '? Did he already begin to hear the curses of a
deceived and misled people ? He, whose word had summoned hund-
reds of thousands to arms, went silently out of that church where
religion had been prostituted to treason and misrule, a defeated man,
upon whose hands was blood, upon whose soul was perjury.
He was silent, but somehow the news took wings, and Richmond
was in unwonted commotion. In the afternoon — Pollard, the rebel
historian, says — " Vehicles suddenly rose to a premium value that was
astounding, and ten, fifteen and a hundred dollars in gold or Fede-
ral currency was offered for a conveyance. Suddenly, as if by
magic, the streets became filled with men, walking as though for a
wager, and behind them excited negroes, with trunks, bundles, and
baggage of every description. All over the city it Avas the same.
The banks swarmed with depositors, and directors were busy remov-
ing their coin ; in the evening the Common Council met and ordered
the destruction of the liquors in the city." They were poured into
gutters, and the air was even more strongly impregnated with alco-
holic perfumes than when the Confederate Congress was in session.
Bottled wines were ruthlessly thrown out. In some manner some of
the thirsty soldiers got hold of a portion of the liquor, and then began
a perfect saturnalia. Oaths, blasphemy, crashing windows, pillage,
wild cries of distress, blows — these were the order of that fearful
night.
"By order of General Ewell, in spite of a remonstrance from the
rebel Mayor and citizens, warehouses and shipping were fired, iron-
clads were blown up, the bridges leading out of the city were burned
and the rebel capital seemed wrapped in a sheet of avenging flame.
Monday morning revealed a scene of almost unequaled desolation ;
the flames were roaring , ruins glared and smoked angrily, rioters
and plunderers careered through the streets, government wagons
432 PATBI0TI8M OF ILLINOIS.
loaded with stores, were driving furiously after the retreating army,
and about the depot were hundreds of men, women and children,
black and white, provided with capacious bags, baskets, tubs, buck-
ets, tin pans and aprons; crushing, pushing and crowding, awaiting
tli" throwing open of the doors, and the order for each to help
himself.
"About sunrise the doors were opened to the populace, and a rush
that almost seemed to carry the bunding off its foundation was made,
and hundreds of thousands of pounds of bacon, Hour, etc., were
soon carried away by a clamorous crowd."
Such is a condensed description as given by a rebel authority.
"The Government" returned from the Danville Depot, and Rich-
mond was evacuated. Before Richmond Weitzel had made a show
of strength more than he possessed, holding, thereby, Longstreet
and his force until the last, That Sunday night it is said his bands
of music entertained the rebel capital with our national airs, and it
is possible that Davis may have abdicated to the song,
"John Brown's soul is marching on."
During the night the explosions convinced Weitzel and his staff
that the city was being evacuated, and their conviction was confirmed
at 4 A. M. by a negro, who came in a buggy to bring the news.
When daylight fully came, Draper's black brigade in advance,
Weitzel moved toward the city through the labyrinthine rebel works.
The pathway was planted with torpedoes, but they were marked
with flasrs for the rebel safety, and in the hurry of departure they
had forgotten to remove them. The works were of such a character
that had the intended assault been made upon them, the slaughter
must have been without precedent.
About 6 A. M. Weitzel and staff rode into the city. Above the
noise of exploding shells were the glad huzzahs of negroes. Two
cavalry guidons were quickly hoisted on the rebel capital, and soon
the flag which formerly waved from General Butler's head-quarters
in New Orleans was run up the flag-statf, and its folds shaken out
above that dome, and lo ! after the long, weary war, it revealed, in
Richmond, every star still glittering in it^- field of blue !
" Richmond is ours ! " was flashed along the wire, and a future
EXCITED AFRICAN. 433
generation cannot imagine the excitement ! Bells rang, flags were
displayed, impromptu processions with banners and music paraded
the streets of towns and cities; strong men wept and shouted ; when
nightfall came on bonfires blazed, and windows were aglow with
light.
The author met a colored man on Dearborn Street, Chicago, and
asked "What's the matter?" He swung his battered hat, and
answered —
" Richmond's took, and Weitzel's niggers is in it ! "
" But," said the author, " don't you know such proceedings are
unconstitutional, that the local laws of Richmond forbid free negroes
coming in without a pass ?"
" J spect sir," he replied, " theys not enforcen such laws as much
as they used to be," and waving his hat he passed on.
Hymns of praise and earnest thanksgivings were sent heavenward
from family altars and places of secret prayer.
Quietly, the same Sunday night, the army of Lee withdrew from
the defences of Petersburg, and our troops entered it at daybreak.
The country was now to see the results of Grant's policy. Says
Mr. Greeley:
" To have beaten Lee by a fair front attack would have thrown
him back, possibly to Lynchburg or Danville: beating him by turn-
ing and crushing his right might prove his utter destruction % for
now that his shattered army could no longer cling to its formidable
entrenchments around Richmond and Petersburg, and must retreat
hurriedly westward or southward. The position of the 5th ( Griffin's)
Corps at Sutherland's, ten miles west of Petersburg, with Sheridan's
cavalry at Ford's, ten miles further west, barring his way up the
south bank of the Appomattox, with nearly all the residue of Grant's
forces but Weitzel's command south or southwest of Petersburg,
so narrowed and distorted his possible lines of retreat as to render the
capture or dispersion of his entire army at least possible, and with
Grant and Sheridan as his antagonists, it was morally certain that all
would be made of their advantages that could be."
Before we return to our Illinois troops with Sherman and Schofield,
we will follow to the close the blows against Lee's army. Davis and
his advisers had fled to Danville and there awaited Lee, hoping that
28
434: PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
a junction might be ma le with Johnston. Lee's army, greatly
reduced by desertions and casualties, was concentrated at Chester-
field, an t rapidly moved to Amelia Court House, where he had
ordered supplies sent by rail from Danville, but found none. He
was compelled to subsist his men as best lie could from the country.
Sheridan hurried south of Amelia, came upon the Danville Road at
Petersburg, cut it to pieces, and laid the adjacent country waste
almost to Burksville, scattering such rebel cavalry as confronted him.
At Deep Creek an infantry force made stubborn opposition but was
beaten. vYt Jetersville Sheridan made a stand, determined to hold
the railroad against Lee's whole army until Grant could come up,
His infantry entrenched, and his cavalry were disposed to the best
advantage for the shock. Meade came up late on the 5th with two
corps cutting off Lee from the stores at Danville and Lynchburg.
He saw himself being surrounded, and on the evening of the 5th
moved around the left of Meade and Sheridan aiming for Farmville,
designing there to cross the Appomattox and evade his pursuers. He
moved into the toils. General Davies made a reconnoissance in
force, and at Paine's Cross-roads caught Lee's trains in advance,
destroyed ISO wagons, and captured five guns and many prisoners.
The rebel infantry was pushed up in massed strength, and attempted
to surround and capture the small force before them. Davies was
reinforced by two brigades and fought his way to Jetersville. The
next morning our army was concentrated about that point, and the
pursuit of Lee resumed. Sheridan, with only his cavalry, took the
advance, Crook was upon his left, facing eastward, and at Deatons-
ville found Lee's whole army moving westward. Of course he was
outnumbered, but his orders were to fight, and thus hold Lee until
ho could be crushed, and without hesitation he threw his single divi-
sion upon the rebel host. Of course he was repulsed, but Custer
made a second charge farther in advance, and secured the road at
Sailor's Creek; Crook and Devin came to his help, and cut the rebel
line, capturing 400 wagons, sixteen guns and many prisoners. This
isolated E well's corps from Lee, and Colonel Stagg charged it with
his single brigade, and held it until the coming up of Seymour's divi-
sion of Wright's corps in the rear. The rebels fought desperately,
but were fairly surrounded, and surrendered at discretion. Ewell
GENERAL THEODORE READ. 435
and four other Generals were among the captured, with 6,000 prison-
ers of rank and file.
Ord struck the head of Lee's column fiirther westward, near Farm-
vine, as it was about to place the river between it and Grant. His
advance was only two regiments of infantry and a squadron of cav-
alry, under Brevet Brigadier- General Theodore Read, an accom-
plished scholar, who entered the service from Illinois. Not more
desperate was the charge at Balaklava. The gallant young leader
did not hesitate. He was to stop that army if he could, and he deter-
mined to charge and, if possible, burn the bridges, and gave the
word forward. The handful dashed upon the solid column before
them, to be met by overwhelming numbers and deadly slaughter.
Read went down killed, slain in a hand-to-hand fight with the rebel
leader, and his command was scattered. He had delayed, but could
not stop the foe, the river was crossed, and Lee seemed to have
escaped Grant as he did Meade after Gettysburg.
But hunger was king. Before his rear had gotten fairly over a
division of the 2d Corps came up, and saved the bridge at the wagon
road, and Barlow hurried over his division expecting a fight, but the
rear guard hurried forward, abandoning eighteen guns.
That night, around a smoldering fire, Lee's army decided, that
with hunger before them, and Grant's army already crossing the
river and coming up in hot pursuit, the fortunes of the Confederacy
must be abandoned, and that capitulation was inevitable. General
Pendleton informed Lee of the conclusion.
On the 7th Lee's army was again in motion, desperately fighting
as it went, though in sheer despair from hunger, many had thrown
down their arras. Humphreys' corps was upon his track, and come
up with Lee, entrenched in a strong position, with batteries sweeping
the only approach for half a mile. Humphreys' tried to turn the
right flank, but could not. Miles made an assault, and was repulsed
with the loss of 600 killed and wounded, among whom Brigadier-
General Smyth and Major Mills, killed, Major-General Mott, Briga-
dier-Generals Medill and McDougall, and a Colonel severely wound-
ed. Before arrangements could be completed for a second assault,
night came on.
Before dark a messenger from Lieutenant- General Grant reached
the rebel lines, bearing the following letter :
43G PAIklnTISM OF ILLINOIS.
" Apiiil 7, 1865.
"General: — The remit of the last week moat convince you of the b
of further resistance cm the part >r the Army of Northern Virginia in this struggle.
I feel that it la bo, and regard it aa my duty i<> shift from myaell the reaponaibility
of the further effusion of blood, by asking of yon the surrender of that portion of
the array of the Confederate States, known :is the Army <>f Northern Virginia
" U. S. Grant, Lieutenant-General.
"Gnnuax. R. E. Lkk."
The morning of the 8th revealed the fact that Lee had withdrawn
silently from his strong position, and was again in full retreat. He,
however, dispatched instantly to Grant the following note :
"April 7, 1865.
"General: — I have received your note of this date. Though not entertaining
the opinio.i you express on the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of tho
Army of Northern Virginia, I reciprocate your desire to avoid useless effusion of
blood, and, therefore, before considering your proposition, ask the terms you will
offer on condition of its surrender.
" R. E. Lee, General.
"Lieutenant-General U. S. Grant."
This was received on the morning of the 8th, and was promptly
answered.
" April 8, 1865.
8 General : —Your note of last evening in answer to mine of same date, asking on
what terms I will accept the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, is just
received. In reply, I would say, that peace being my great desire, there is but one
condition I would insist upon, namely, that the men and officers surrendered shall be
disqualified from taking up arms against the Government of the United States until
properly exchanged. I will meet you, or will designate officers to meet any officers
you may name for the same purpose, at any point agreeable to you, for the purpose
of arranging definitely the terms upon which the surrender of the Army of North-
ern Virginia will be received.
"U". S. Grant, Lieutenant-General
■ R. E. Lee, General."
On the 7th our pursuit was not successful. Sheridan moved his
cavalry to cut off Lee from retreating to Danville, and Crook re-
ceived a repulse from troops guarding a train, and General Gregg
was captured. On the 8th our army was put in full pursuit, Meade
following directly upon Lee's track. Sheridan now knowing where
to strike, moved his cavalry to cut off the retreat on Lynchburg, his
force followed by Ord and Griffin. The cavalry made a brilliant
LEE TO GKANT. 437
push of twenty-eight miles, and seized the Appomattox station on
the Lynchburg Railroad, where four trains had arrived with supplies
for Lee. These were captured, and General Custar, who was in
advance, rode for Appomattox Court House, where he met the ad-
vance of Lee's army, and engaged them, fighting till dark, capturing
twenty-five guns, a hospital train, wagons, prisoners, &c. Sheridan
came up, secured the captured trains, took a strong position in Lee's
front, determined to fight his entire army, if need be, but at the same
time sending couriers to hapten Ord and Griffin, notifying them that
if they came up in season, the capture or destruction of Lee was in-
evitable. By a forced march, their commands, in whole or in part,
■were brought to Appomattox Court House by daylight, April 9th.
General Lee supposed his front was only confronted by Sheridan's
cavalry, and resolved upon a charge of massed infantry. He sent
General Grant the following note :
"April 8, 1865.
" General : — I received at a late hour your note of to-day. In mine of yester-
day, I did not intend to propose the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia,
but to ask the terms of your proposition. To be frank, I do not think the emergen-
cy has arisen to call for the surrender of this army ; but as the restoration of peace
should be the sole object of all, I desired to know whether your proposals would lead
to that end. I cannot, therefore, meet you with a view to the surrender of the
Army of Northern Virginia ; but as far as your proposal may affect the Confederate
forces under my command, and tend to the restoration of peace, I should be pleased
to meet you at 10 A. M. to-morrow, on the old stage-road to Richmond, between the
picket-lines of the two armies.
"R. E. Lee, General.
"U. S. Grant, Lieutenant-General."
He expected when he wrote this note to scatter Sheridan's caval-
ry, and open his way to Lynchburg, where supplies would be abun-
dant, and then await the logic of events.
Grant received it at midnight. He was then with Meade's col-
umn. The next morning he proposed to join Sheridan. He was
not to be misled into supposing himself a diplomat, to treat for
peace, arrange boundaries, etc. When he left his home in Galena,
an obscure man, it was to suppress the rebellion, and for that he
was still contending. He sent the following reply :
" April 9, 1865.
" General : — Your note of yesterday is received. I have no authority to treat
438 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
on the subject of peace. The meeting proposed for LO A. M., oould do no good. I
will >ii»io, however, QeneraJ, that I am equally anxious for peaoe with yourself, and
the whole (forth entertains the same feeling. The terms upon which peaoe oan be
hud, :ire well understood. By the South laying down their arms, they will hasten
that most desirable event, save thousands of human lives and hundreds of millions
of property not yet destroyed Seriously hoping thai all our difficulties may be Bet-
tied without the 1ob3 of another life, I subscribe myself, &c,
" U. S. Grant, Lieutenant-General.
" R. K. Lxi, General."
The cool brain of the ex-Colonel of the 21st Illinois, was too much
for the white-haired Confederate leader. He wanted peace — he
could have it upon such terms as a soldier could offer, by laying down
his arms !
The night passed. Arrangements to cut through Sheridan's line
of cavalry were made, and the rebel host moved out of its resting-
place. The infantry for which Sheridan had looked, had just ar-
rived, weary, foot-sore, but determined. Sheridan had dismounted
a portion of his horsemen, who, maintaining a steady front, gradu-
ally gave way, giving time for the infantry to form. That was done,
and the cavalry moved swiftly to the right, and the astonished rebels
beheld the solid lines of infantry, with gleaming bayonets, awaiting
their coming, and Sheridan, with his terrible cavalry, already in mo-
tion, ready to charge their left! It was too much; the proud
courage of Lee's veterans gave way ; the iron-willed commander
could do no more. A white flag stayed the advance of our cavalry.
The Army of Northern Virginia proposed to surrender.
Sheridan spurred to Appomattox Court House, and met General
Gordon, and received his proposition for a suspension of hostilities,
assured that negotiations were pending between the commanders-in-
chief. Grant, while en route to Sheridan, received another missive
from Lee, without any further request to play the role of diplomacy.
It ran thus :
"April 9, 1865.
"General: — I received your note of this morning, on the picket-line, whither I
had come to meet you, and ascertain definitely what terms were embraced in your
proposal of yesterday, with reference to the surrender of this army. I now ask an
interview in accordance with the offer contained in your letter of yesterday for that
purpose.
" R. E. Lee, General.
" Lleutenant-Genkral Grant."
THE SURRENDER. 439
An interview occurred without delay at a residence near the
Court House. The men who had led the two great armies of Amer-
ican citizens, who had opposed strength to strength, strategy to
strategy, were face to face. There was the formality of appointing
commissioners, but the surrender of the army which had flaunted its
banners at Bull Run, waved them victoriously in the Peninsula, as
they pursued the retreat of McClellan ; the army that moved with
unbroken purpose from Antietara, rolled up the legions of Burnside
and Hooker, held Grant at bay at Spottsylvania, dashed him
back at Cold Harbor, and had stood before him almost a year, is told
in the following correspondence :
" Appomattox Court House, Va., April 9, 1865.
"General: — In accordance with the substance of my letter to you of the 8th in-
stant, I propose to receive the surrender of the Array of Northern Virginia on the
following terms, to wit: — Rolls of all the officers and men to be made in duplicate,
one copy to be given to an officer to be designated by me, the other to be retained
by such officer or officers as you may designate. The officers to give their individ-
ual paioles not to take up arms against the Government of the United States until
properly exchanged ; and each company or regimental commander sign a like parole
for the men of their commands. The arms, artillery, and public property to be
parked and stacked, and turned over to the officers appointed by me to receive them.
This will not embrace the side-arms of the officers, nor their private horses or bag-
gage. This done, each officer and man will be allowed to return to his home, not to
be disturbed by United States' authority as long as they observe their paroles and
the laws in force where they may reside.
" U. S. Grant, Lieutenant-General.
" General R. E. Lee."
" Headquarters Army of Northern Virginia, April 9, 1865.
"General: — I received your letter of this date containing the terms of the sur-
render of the Army of Northern Virginia, as proposed by you. As they are sub-
stantially the same as those expressed in your letter of the 8th instant, they are ac-
cepted. I will proceed to designate the proper officers to carry the stipulations into
effect. R. E. Lee, General.
"Lieutenant-General U. S. Grant."
It was doubted if General Grant's terms were not too generous,
but with all our condemnation of the cause for which it fought, few
puch armies as Lee's were ever surrendered.
As rapidly as possible, the work of paroling went forward ; our men
were permitted to rest, and Grant, instead of going to Richmond,
440 PATRIOTISM OF ii.ri.NOI8.
quietly and unostentatiously Went to Washington to arrange for
reducing the army.
We reproduce the closing paragraph of his report:
" It ha-; been my fortune to see the armies of both the West and the East fight
battles, niul from what I have seen, I know there is no difference in their fighting
qualities. All that it was possible for men to do in battle, they have done. The
Western armies commenced their battles in the Mississippi Valley, and received the
final surrender of the remnant of the principal axmy opposed to them in North Car-
olina. The armies of the East commenced their battles on the river from which the
Army of the Potomac derived its name, and received the final surrender of their
old antagonist at Appomattox Court House, Va. The splendid achievements of
each have nationalized our victories, removed all sectional jealousies (of which we
have unfortunately experienced too much), and the cause of crimination and re-
crimination that might have followed, had either section failed in its duty. All have
a proud record, and all sections can well congratulate themselves and each other for
having done their full share in restoring the supremacy of law over every foot of
territory belonging to the United States. Let them hope for perpetual peace and
harmony with that enemy, whose manhood, however mistaken the cau3e, drew forth
such herculean deeds of valor."
It is sufficient answer to the criticisms upon the strategy of Gene-
ral Grant, that he did destroy Lee's army ; he did take Petersburg
and Richmond ; he did do the work upon which he set out when he
assumed command of all the armies. He constructed a gigantic
scheme, and it was worked out, with God's blessing.
CHAPTER XXV.
THE ONE HUNDRED DAY TROOPS.
The Call — The Response— The One Hundred and Thirty-second — The One Hun-
dred and Thirty-third — The One Hundred and Thirty-fourth — The One Hundred
JlNd Thirty-fifth — The One Hundred and Thirty-sixth — The One Hundred and
Thirty-seventh — Toe One Hundred and Thirty-eighth — The One Hundred and
Thirty-ninth — The One Hundred and Fortieth — The One Hundred and Forty-
first — The One Hundred and Forty-second — THe One Hundred and Forty-third
— The One Hundred and Forty-fifth.
IN" our first volume (p. 147 et seq.) we have given an account of
the hundred-day troops, in the well-chosen words of Governor
Yates. These troops were raised in the spring of 1864, and were
placed on garrison duty for the purpose of relieving the veterans,
who were needed in carrying out the stupendous operations of
Grant and Sherman. The call for the regiments met with a prompt
and hearty response, the people fully recognizing its necessity and
importance. The service rendered by them was of great value,
though none of them participated in any important engagement.
The following are the rosters of the hundred-day regiments, in
which very few changes were made before the expiration of their
term of service :
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SECOND ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
Colonel, Thomas J. Pickett ; Lieutenant-Colonel, William H. Haskell ; Major,
John H. Peck; Adjutant, Daniel Merriman ; Quartermaster, Hiram R. Enoch; Sur-
geon, Robert F. Baker; 1st Assistant Surgeon, William R. Adair; Chaplain, Liston
H. Pearce.
Co. A — Captain, Hugh Shepard ; 1st Lieutenant, Alonzo H. Davis ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Donell Higgins.
Co. B — Captain, Charles H. Vogell ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles Varges ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Anthony H. Heminover.
Co. C — Captain, Charles Barker ; 1st Lieutenant, Frank A. Buys ; 2d Lieutenant,
H. A. Hinckley.
Co. D — Captain, Frank E. Chase ; 1st Lieutenant, H. A. Anderson ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William C. Babcock.
442 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Go, E — Captain, Bamuel Nutt; 1st Lieutenant, George A. Turner; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James F. Smith.
Co. F — Captain, [aaao B. Bunnell; Let Lieutenant, Jonathan Dow; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Albert A. Sanborn.
Co, G— Captain, Theodore I'. Barnes; 1st Lieutenant, Richard 15. Biana; 2d
Lieutenant, Benr] II. Grimes.
Co. II — Captain, Luke B. Hemenwaj ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry ILirwood ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George Bchermerhorn.
Co. I — Ga] tain, John A. Sedgwick ; 1st Lieutenant, Bamuel F. Btratton ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Emanuel Engelstedt.
Co. K — Captain, Calvin A. Laws ; 1st Lieutenant, Frank II. Battershall ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Henry B. Gurlee.
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-THIRD ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
Colonel, Thaddeus Phillips ; Lieutenant-Colonel, John E. Mooro ; Major, James
F. Longley ; Adjutant, William J. Allen; Quartermaster, Thomas B. Clark; Sur-
geon, Henry A. Folger ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, James B. Carr ; Chaplain, William
R. Adams.
Co. A — Captain, Norman B. Ames; 1st Lieutenant, A. V. Arnold; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Henry F. Lightfoot.
Co. B — Captain, George W. Smith ; 1st Lieutenant, William H. Corcoran; 2d
Lieutenant, Charles H. Avers.
Co. C — Captain, Walter M. Collins; 1st Lieutenant, William II. Carroll ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Martin A. Patterson.
Co. D — Captain, John Carstens ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas J. Davidson; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John Packer.
Co. E — Captain, Willson A. Duggan ; 1st Lieutenant, John 0. Piper; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Columbus Woods.
Co. F — Captain, George W. Dugger; 1st Lieutenant, Allen Cockrell ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Henry A. Sturgis.
Co. G — Captain, William H. Edwards ; 1st Lieutenant, John n. Valentine; 2d
Lieutenant, Rufus C. Barnett.
Co. H — Captain, R. F. Ross ; 1st Lieutenant, Peter A. Hoffman ; 2d Lieutenant,
James A. Young.
Co. I — Captain, Alfred Ovendorff; 1st Lieutenant, Ethan A. Norton; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Samuel A. Ramels.
Co. K — Captain, Charles A. Summers; 1st Lieutenant, Isaiah numrichouser ; 2d
Lieutenant, Anthony W. Moore.
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-FOURTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
Colonel, Waters W. McChesney ; Lieutenant-Colonel, John C. Bigelow ; Major,
John A. Wilson ; Adjutant, Edward D. Luxton ; Quartermaster, Reuben P. Pierce ,
Surgeon, Willis Danforth ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Joseph M. Jenkins ; Chaplain,
Amos K. Tullis.
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 443
Co. A — Captain, John Dyer ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles E. Sinclair ; 2d Lieutenant,
George Barry.
Co. B — Captain, Nathaniel B. Petts ; 1st Lieutenant, Hiram V. Wilkinson; 2d
Lieutenant, Isaac Z. Packard.
Co. C — Captain, Moses A. Thayer; 1st Lieutenant, Marshall B. Hughson; 2d
Lieutenant, Francis X. Binz.
Co. D — Captain, William Metlar ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles E. Dickinson ; 2d
Lieutenant, Rossell G. O'Brien.
Co. E — Captain, Henry J. Milligan ; 1st Lieutenant, Albert P. Williams ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Seward C. Metz.
Co. F — Captain, Aiphonso C. Linn; 1st Lieutenant, Milton C. Springer; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George E. Strobridge.
Co. G — Captain, Joshua Pike ; 1st Lieutenant, Edward M. Atkinson ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James H. Rowe.
Co. H — Captain, Samuel L. Andrews ; 1st Lieutenant, Hiram T. Lay ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Philip Potter.
Co. I — Captain, Edward J. Whitehead ; 1st Lieutenant, Andrew L. Hunt ; 2d
Lieutenant, Edward O'Neill.
Co. K — Captain, Anthony B. Porter; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas S. Sexton ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Albert W. Banks.
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-FIFTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
Colonel, John S. Wolfe ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Theodore H. West ; Major, Green-
bury Wright ; Adjutant, Clifford W. Holden ; Quartermaster, Joseph Peters; Sur-
geon, Samuel H. Birney ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, James A. Williams ; 2d Assistant
Surgeon, John Lacrone.
Co. A — Captain, Benjamin Burt ; 1st Lieutenant, George N. Ridards ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William Archdeacon.
Co. B — Captain, Edward Bailey ; 1st Lieutenant, Patrick H. Scott ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Joseph E. Conklin.
Co. C — Captain, John V. Bovell ; 1st Lieutenant, Calvin S. James ; 2d Lieutenant,
Walter S. Brown.
Co. D — Captain, Thomas H. Dobbs ; 1st Lieutenant, John E. Vinson ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Francis M. Young.
Co. E — Captain, George W. McClure ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel S. Dickens ; 2d
Lieutenant, John S. Gerrard.
Co. F — Captain, Samuel G. Mc Adams ; 1st Lieutenant, James A. Hubbard; 2d
Lieutenant, Edward Stearns.
Co. G — Captain, Derrick Lamb; 1st Lieutenant, Jamea Easton ; 2d Lieutenant,
James T. Sweitzer.
Co. H — Captain, James B. Wicklin; 1st Lieutenant, Philip Brown; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Peter Jones.
Co. I — Captain, Milton A. Ewing ; 1st Lieutenant, James T. Ewing ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Thomas J. Matthews.
Co. K — Captain, Edward Laferty ; 1st Lieutenant, Oliver S. Stewart ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Isaac N. Payton.
44-i PATRIOTISM OK ILLINOIS.
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY SIXTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
Colonel, Frederick A. Johns; Lieutenant-Colonel, William T. Ingram; Major,
Henry A. Organ; Adjutant, Elias J. Beymor; Quartermaster, Henry F. Jerauld;
Chaplain, John W. Phillips.
Co. A — Captain, William Bowlby; 1st Lieutenant, George T. Hubbard; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Pleasant N. Pope.
Co. B Captain, John Burke ; 1st Lieutenant, John H. Taylor; 2d Lieutenant,
Jasper N. Kerr.
Co. C — Captain, Joseph B. Berry ; 1st Lieutenant, Elijah C. Compton ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Charles H. Robinson.
Co. D — Captain, Thomas F. Clay; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph B. Curlee ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Joseph L. Stedlan.
Co. E — Captain, John C. Scott ; 1st Lieutenant, William H. Wiatt ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John S. Hawkins.
Co. F — Captain, Linzey W. Cremeens ; 1st Lieutenant, William F. Slocumb ; 2d
Lieutenant, W infield S. Norcross.
Co. G — Captain, James St Clair ; 1st Lieutenant, James H. Carsin ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Peter Brillhart.
Co. H — Captain, William H. Johns; 1st Lieutenant, Theoren Gould ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Alfred Kayo.
Co. I — Captain, Lafayette Twitchell; 1st Lieutenant, Eugene B. Cropper; 2d
Lieutenant, Royal R. Lacey.
Co. K — Captain, William R. Floydd ; 1st Lieutenant, David J. Blackman ; 2d
Lieutenant, William T. Bird.
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SEVENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
Colonel, John Wood ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Thomas K. Roach; Major, Hendrick E
Paine; Adjutant, Edward W. Baker; Quartermaster, Jonathan J. Smith; Surgeon,
William A. Huston ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Nathan H. McNeal ; 2d Assistant Sur-
geon, Robert G. Scroggs ; Chaplain, Hiram P. Roberts.
Co. A — Captain, Henry A. Castle ; 1st Lieutenant, George M. Roberts ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Edwin S. Francis.
Co. B — Captain, John W. Smith; 1st Lieutenant, John A. Thompson; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James A. Seaton.
Co. C — Captain, Barzillai M. Vcatch ; 1st Lieutenant, Oliver H. Pitcher ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William Craig.
Co. D — Captain, John B. Johnson; 1st Lieutenant, James Robb ; 2d Lieutenant
Henry S. Adair.
Co. E — Captain, Richard B. Higgins; 1st Lieutenant, James Onstott ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James II. Anderson.
Co. F — Captain, Robert B. Robinson; 1st Lieutenant, DeWitt C. Simmons; 2d
Lieutenant, David D. Kedwell.
Co. G — Captain, Orville C. Holcomb ; 1st Lieutenant, John M. Johnson; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Joseph L. Latimer.
Co. H — Captain, Levi Barber; 1st Lieutenant, Henson S. Vandeventer ; 2d Lien-
tenant, William A. Hubbard.
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-NINTH INFANTRY. 445
Co. I — Captain, William H. Oglesby ; 1st Lieutenant, Andrew R. Wilson ; 2d
Lieutenant, James X. Porter.
Co. K — Captain, Robert A. Williams ; 1st Lieutenant, Luke W. Clarke ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William H. Rice
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
Colonel, John W. Goodwin ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Alexander H. Holt ; Major, John
Tunison ; Adjutant, John H. Johnson ; Quartermaster, John H. Elward; Surgeon,
James J. Rowe ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, David P. Bigger ; 2d Assistant Surgeon,
Samuel T. Ferguson ; Chaplain, Benjamin T. Haskin.
Co. A — Captain, William S. McClanahan; 1st Lieutenant, Guy Stapp ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John A. Finley.
Co. B — Captain, Luther B. Hunt ; 1st Lieutenant, Homer Gaines ; 2d Lieutenant,
Henry C. Driggs.
Co. C — Captain, Jasper N. Reece; 1st Lieutenant, William B. Morse; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William H. Rose.
Co. D — Captain, John M. Wilson; 1st Lieutenant, Andrew Kirkpatrick ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Wilson S. Baughman.
Co. E — Captain, George D. Sofield ; 1st Lieutenant, George F. Smith ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Benjamin C. Davis.
Co. F — Captain, David M. Lyon ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel Co'.l ; 2d Lieutenant,
Frank J. Baird.
Co. G — Captain, Thomas Lamport ; 1st Lieutenant, Erastus W. Willard ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Jerome A. Gay.
Co H — Captain, Septimus J. Hanna ; 1st Lieutenant, John Verly ; 2d Lieutenant,
William M. Hanna.
Co. I — Captain, Henry S. Hossack ; 1st Lieutenant, Isaac Baldwin ; 2d Lieutenant,
William Ogden.
Co. K — Captain, Charles Stout; 1st Lieutenant, Orin Beeme ; 2d Lieutenant, Al-
bert Schermerhorn.
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
Colonel, Peter Davidson ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Horace H. Willsie ; Major, Solo-
mon Z. Roth; Adjutant, David N. Sanderson; Quartermaster, John Bryner ; Sur-
geon, Charles C. Latimer; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Allen M. Pierce; 2d Assistant
Surgeon, Joseph Shugart ; Chaplain, Joseph T. Cook.
Co. A — Captain, Edward R. Virden ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles Robinson ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James L. Kendall.
Co. B — Captain, Jefferson Durley; 1st Lieutenant, Almon H. Thompson ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, CaMn Cossell.
Co. C — Captain, Deitrich C. Smith ; 1st Lieutenant, Elijah W. Dickinson ; 2d
Lieutenant, Benjamin F. Burnett.
Co. D — Captain, William H. Marble ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel Reynolds ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Frank A. Thomas.
Co. E — Captain, George W. Odell ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry M. Evans ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Alonzo Atwood.
446 PATBlOTXm OF ILLINOIS.
Co. F — Captain, Herman W. Snow; la1 Lieutenant, Apploton II. Fitch ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, .l.uii' - I ' kfoKensie.
Co. G — Captain, Roderick 15. Frary ; Let Lieutenant, Frank L. Angicr ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, .lames B. Chapman.
Co. II — Captain, William Fairmon; 1st Lieutenant, Lyfonl It. Craig; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Ansel J. Wright.
Co. [—Captain, William II. Caldwell ; 1st Lieutenant, Frank A. Mosely ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John 1!. Brush.
Co. K — Captain, Purnel II. Sniff; 1st Lieutenant, Russell W. Calkins; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Gemeneomea Goblc.
ONE HUNDRED AND FORTIETH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
Colonel, Lorenzo H. Whitney; Lieutenant-Colonel, Michael W. Smith ; Major,
William O. Evans ; Adjutant, Lucius E. B. Holt ; Quartermaster, George W. Bis!iop ;
Surgeon, George W. Phillips; Chaplain, Wiley A. Lipe.
Co. A — Captain, Jonathan A. Morgan ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles M. Woi tliington ;
2d Lieutenant, Benjamin Gurtisen.
Co. B — Captain, Charles W. Hills; 1st Lieutenant, George H. Fay; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Erastus Fuller.
Co. C — Captain, Joseph A. Bockiens ; 1st Lieutenant, Edward A. Tomlin ; 2d
Lieutenant, David McGrath.
Co. D — Captain, Frank Smyth ; 1st Lieutenant, Archibald Shaw ; 2d Lieutenant,
Wainwright II. Parks.
Co. E — Captain, Ezekiel Giles; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph Ball; 2d Lieutenant,
John L. Skinner.
Co. F — Captain, Russell S. Osborn ; 1st Lieutenant, George Boone ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Van R. Harriott.
Co. G — Captain, John H Wilmans; 1st Lieutenant, Edward H. Dailcy ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John C Parker.
Co. H — Captain, George E. Turkington ; 1st Lieutenant, John McLindsey ; 2d
Lieutenant, Jacob Feslcr.
Co. I — Captain, James H. Cartwright ; 1st Lieutenant, William A.. Duffield ; 2d
Lieutenant, John R. Petrie.
Co. K — Captain, Julius A. Barnsback ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles T. Springer ; 2d
Lieutenant, Coleman Brayton.
ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-FIRST ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
Colonel, Stephen Bronson ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Thomas Clark ; Major, Jacob D.
Lansing ; Adjutant, Edward C. Lovell ; Quartermaster, Alonzo H. Barry ; Surgeon,
Harmon A. Buck ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Francis C. Hagcman ; 2d Assistant Sur-
geon, F. W. Watson ; Chaplain, Samuel S. Kimball.
Co. A — Captain, Philip II. Carr ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas W. Teft ; 2d Lieutenant,
Edward W. King.
Co. B— Captain, Alexander Grimes ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles D. F. Smith; 2d
Lieutenant, Charles S Gregg.
ONE HUNDRED A.ND FORTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 447
Co. C — Captain, Samuel H. Hunter; 1st Lieutenant, Michael J. Dunne; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James B. Robinson.
Co. D — Captain, Bryant D. Beach; 1st Lieutenant, Hiram Sargent; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Henry A. Ferson.
Co. E— Captain, King H. Milliken ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph H. Burns ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George W. Tracy.
Co. F — Captain, Eliphalet Barber ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles W. Ingersol ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Nelson S. Sweetland.
Co. G — Captain, Charles Herrington ; 1st Lieutenant, George E. Gillman ; 2d
Lieutenant, Chester Stewart.
Co. H — Captain, Albert S. James; 1st Lieutenant, Amos Churchill ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Joseph R. McChesney.
Co. I — Captain, Robert H. Winslow; 1st Lieutenant, Daniel W. Coan ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Henry C. Dodge.
Co. K — Captain, John Gilman ; 1st Lieutenant, Giles D. Walker ; 2d Lieutenant,
Charles Ferson.
ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SECOND ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
Colonel, Rollin V. Ankeney; Lieutenant-Colonel, Morton D. Swift; Major,
Charles J. Childs; Adjutant, Albert W. Brewster ; Quartermaster, Wm. D. McAfee ;
Surgeon, Asa E. Shephard ; Chaplain, Ruel Cooley.
Co. A — Captain, Edward Hausmann ; 1st Lieutenant, Denisoa C. Frisbie ; 2d
Lieutenant, David T. Maurer.
Co. B — Captain, Jacob D. Holmes ; 1st Lieutenant, Abel F. Boilean ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Ezra E. Metz.
Co. C — Captain, James M. Humphrey ; 1st Lieutenant, William G. Billings; 2d
Lieutenant, Luther C. Lawrence.
Co. D — Captain, Heman A. Todd; 1st Lieutenant, Andrew A. Robertson ; 2d
Lieutenant, William H. Work.
Co. E — Captain, Samuel J. Tompkin3; 1st Lieutenant, Warren D. Coon ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James R. Baker.
Co. F — Captain, Henry Burrell ; 1st Lieutenant, Francis A. Darling; 2d Lieuten"
ant, Josiah D. Fye.
Co. G — Captain, Hyatt Sinclair ; 1st Lieutenant, M. J. Boyle ; 2d Lieutenant, Ca-
leb S. Ransom.
Co. II — Captain, David H. Porter; 1st Lieutenant, Francis H. Cobb; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Andrew B. Hogard.
Co. I — Captain, John C. Coakley ; 1st Lieutenant, Isaac Pflaum ; 2d Lieutenant,
Daniel H. Waterbury.
Co. K — Captain, John Stevenson ; 1st Lieutenant, Daniel P. Barker ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Charles C. Lawson.
ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-THIRD ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
Colonel, Dudley C. Smith ; Lieutenant-Colonel, John P. St. John ; Major, Harri-
son Tyner ; Adjutant, Allen Steadman ; Quartermaster, Richard W. Dawson; Sur-
44:8 PA.TBX0TX8M OF ILLINOIS;
geon, Russell J. Collins; 1st A^i-tant Burgeon, George W. Albin ; 2d Assistant
Borgeon, Robert L Walston; Chaplain, Chailes Yelton.
Go. A— Captain.Richard S. Curd ; Lit Lieutenant, BtephenE, Guthrie; 'Jd Lieu-
tenant, Robert M. Kimball.
Co. H — Captain, William M. Boien ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry II. Tucker; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Jerry M. Pierce.
Co. C— Captain, Samuel P. Mooney ; 1st Lieutenant, William E. Miller; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Shepherd Amerine.
Co. I> — Captain, Jacob Hays; 1st Lieutenant,Gcorge W. Rutherford; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William J. Chittenden.
Co. E — Captain, James P. Ray; 1st Lieutenant, Nicholas Fitzgerald; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Charles F. Johnson.
Co. F — Captain, John F. Sissoti ; 1st Lieutenant, Ferdinand F. Ilolbrook ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Thomas Brown.
Co. G — Captain, Philander R. Webster; 1st Lieutenant, Richard Couch ; 2d Lieu,
tenant, Edward Dunaway.
Co. H — Captain, James G. Seward; 1st Lieutenant, William R. Truesdale ; 2d
Lieutenant, George R. Fowler
Co. I — Captain, Alsey B. Lee ; 1st Lieutenant, Benjamin F. Harris ; 2d Lieutenant,
Joseph Kerchival.
Co. K — Captain, Absalom T. Ash ; 1st Lieutenant, Alfred F. Newman ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, David B. Wells.
ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-FIFTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
Colonel George W. Lackey ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Rufus C. Crampton ; Major, John
W. Bear ; Adjutant, John W. Morris ; Quartermaster, James T. Snell ; Surgeon,
Robert W. McMahon ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Henry W. Boyd; 2d Assistant Sur-
geon, William II. ness ; Chaplain, John C. Hanna.
Co. A — Captain, Tamerlane Chapman; 1st Lieutenant, James W. Damron; 2d
Lieutenant, Leonidas Chapman.
Co. B — Captain,Edward C. Dew; 1st Lieutenant, Marmontell B. Geter; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Barnard Gardes.
Co. C — Captain, George R. Bibb ; 1st Lieutenant, John P. Cowdin ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Martin V. B. Parker.
Co. D — Captain, Ira A. Church ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel H. Larison ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James Palmer.
Co. E— Captain, Silas W. West; 1st Lieutenant, William E. Nesbitt; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Augustus W. Rogers.
Co. F — Captain, Finis Evans ; 1st Lieutenant, Oliver T. Pricket; 2d Lieutenant,
George W. Barrett.
Co. G — Captain, William H. Weaver; 1st Lieutenant, Isaac N. Coltrin ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Ebenezer Fish.
Co. H — Captain, Adam H. Bogardus ; 1st Lieutenant, William Morris ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John Morgan.
Co. I — Captain, Paphiras B. Keys; 1st Lieutenant, Jonah S. Scovel; 2d Lieuten-
ant, George H. Whiteman.
Co. K — Captain, James P. Moore ; 1st Lieutenant, Clarence D. Perry ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Joseph M. Prior.
SHORT ENLISTMENT. M9
The promptness with which the young men of the State filled up
the regiments was indicative of the still unconquered purpose of the
people. Many of these rank and file were youths who had become
eligible to military service since former calls were made. Not a
few came out of those nurseries of patriotism, the academies and
colleges, in some instances entire classes volunteering. Even Bibli-
cal schools were depleted in like manner. /
Many others were from nourishing business, and showed that love
of country was stronger than lucre. Not a few were bronzed vete-
rans who had fought through severe campaigns, and after brief rest
started again to the field. That these men were not all heard from
amid battle shocks, was because they were without the opportunity.
Thus may the country ever depend upon its citizen soldiery, and
be able to avoid that great peril, a standing army.
The policy of enlistment for such short periods is one to be con-
demned except when demanded by stern necessity. There is the
derangement of trade; the disturbance of industry; the expense of
enlistment — outfit and organization is equal to that of troops for
longer service. The soldier learns the vices of camp-life, and.
acquires its recklessness, while he does not remain long enough to
overcome them by discipline. It is scarcely possible for officers,
who were fellow-citizens with the rank and file up to enlistment,
and are to be so again in a hundred days, to command the respect
and wield the authority due their position. If they are sent to the front
they must go comparatively undisciplined, and will, probably, be
sacrificed in spite of the bravery common to American volunteers.
That there was such an emergency as justified the measure was the
opinion of the loyal Governors, and was shared by the "War Depart-
ment, and good service was rendered. But enlistment for the war,
at least for a period of from two to four years, to be terminated by
peace, if it should come at an earlier day, will hereafter be the rule
of the country when war comes again. Only thus can the most
efficient morale be secured. To the dash and impetuosity of the
young volunteer must be added the coolness and precision of the
veteran, and for the acquisition of these time is wanted.
No troops fight more bravely than new recruits, but none are so
subject to panics. Give them time, let them look forward to distinc-
29
450 PATRIOTISM OF li.l.lN<»is.
tion, and realize thai their future is to be determined by themselves,
and then there is the opportunity to make of our volunteers, our < - i t i -
zeo recruits such soldiers as regulars never exceeded, in bravery, in
coolness, in persistence.
There is no1 before the officers who command for a brief period
the Strong incentives which they need. There is scarcely a possi-
bility of promotion, and no spur to the study of duties above their
immediate position.
That in spite of these considerations, one hundred day iroops
did so well is matter of State honor. Had they barely succeeded,
it had been well, but they did more. When the term of service
expired, five of the regiments remained to render needed help.
They merited and received the thanks of the Government expressed
by the President of the United States.
\
CHAPTER XXVI.
INTO GOLDSBORO.
From Savannah — Schofield and Terry — To Fayetteyille — Carlin — Slocum's Left
— Bentonville — The Fighting — Carlin's Brigades — Hazen Comes Up — Move-
ments— Mower's Division — Losses — Coxe's Bridge — Into Goldsboro — The Col-
umns Converge — Major Nichol's Statement — Colonel Bowman's — Sherman's
Plans — Meets Mr. Lincoln — His General Orders — Army of Georgia — Blunder
— Orders — Stoneman and Wilson.
THE Illinois regiments with Sherman had a few more stages to
make, a few more sharp conflicts and the end was reached.
From Savannah Sherman had swept South Carolina, had passed the
Edistos, oaptured Orangeburg, entered Columbia, crossed the
Catawba, occupied Camden, had met the foe at Cheraw, and fired its
captured guns in honor of Lincoln's second inauguration, and cap-
tured vast military stores sent thither from Charleston as a place of
safety ; had marched into North Carolina, our troops greatly modify-
ing their treatment of the country after leaving South Carolina
made the splendid march to Fayetteville, and seized it with its
arsenal, works, etc. ; had come into communication with Schofield
and Terry at Wilmington, and before Averysboro had fought the
rebel army on the 16th of March in a strong position, and compelled
it to abandon its defences ; Schofield had done his preliminary
work after true soldierly fashion, and we left the two armies of Sher-
man and Schofield advancing on Goldsboro. The commander issued
hi ? orders to the various departments of his force. Word reached
him, on the 18th, while with Howard's corps, that Carlin was fighting a
portion of the rebel cavalry, but was managing it without difficulty.
Later intelligence soon followed, informing him that Slocum's wing
found Johnston's army massed in his path, before Bentonville. John-
452 PATRIOTISM OF [LLINOI8.
Bton ha 1 pul bia array in lighl order, without trains and with little artil-
lery, and by rapid flank marching had concentrated upon our lefl bia
entire ooraraand, expecting to crush Slocum before the other columns
could reinforce him. The 17th Corps was at .Mount olive; the Lffth
was marching between Lee's Store and Coxe'a Bridge, while the
1 ph and 20th were on the Smithfield road, five miles from Benton-
villi- at the orossing of the road to Coxe's Bridge, and a1 this junc-
tion Johnston Btruck his blow. Sherman senl orders to bring up the
divisions guarding the trains and Hazen's division of the old 15th,
and Btand upon the defensive until the rest of the 15th and Blair's
corps cowl. I come up.
Slocum's troops drove the rebel cavalry before them, but were
astonished to find infantry behind rude works, ready to contesl their
advance. Carlin's two advance brigades charged the works, and
carried a portion of them, but found themselves greatly outnumbered
and about to he surrounded, and slowly fell hack, losing three guns
and caissons. Other troops came up, barricades were hastily pre-
pared. Kilpatrick heard the filing and posted his horsemen on the
left. Hem our troops six times met the furious charge of the rebel
veterans led by Hoke, Hardee and Cheatham, under Johnston in
person, and resisted them. Nightfall came, and Johnston had won
nothing of moment. lie had failed to catch our hi'; and d istr »y it ;
it was true that 1,500 killed and wounded were in OUT lines, bul the
rebel loss sustained in those fruitless issaultsupon the hero of Kene-
saw was double.
During the night General Slocum was strength sned by the arri-
val of lla/.en and the divisions from the trains, and his position
rendered secure. He quietly awaited the coming of Howard, leav-
ing Johnston free to assail his front if he wished, which he did not,
hut entrenched himself firmly in a strong triangle, its apex at the
front, facing Slocum and Howard. Sherman moved deliberately.
He knew this delay would secure Goldsboro to Schofiel 1 and leave
General Terry free to come np the Neuse to Coxe's Bridge. He
was reversing the situation and placing Johnston on the defensive.
It was no part of Sherman's tactics to bring on a desperate battle
and great loss of life if he could obtain his purpose without,
All da- on the 21st skirmishing and fighting went on from extreme
BENTONVILLE. 453
right to left. Our skirmishers approached within rifle-shot of the
main rebel entrenchment, and there was a long, deafening rattle of
small arms. On the left Davis assaults and storms a battery, but
cannot hold it.
During this fighting, and in a heavy rain, Mower's division of the
17th Corps was worked around to the right, flanking the enemy, and
almost reaching the bridge over Mill Creek. Had it been secured,
the only line of rebel retreat would have been closed. He carried
two lines of entrenchments, and by desperate fighting captured a
breast-work in the advance of Corse and Smith. He lost, perhaps,
a hundred and fifty in killed and wounded. There was danger that
Johnston would mass his force and crush him, hence the fire was
opened along our whole front, and Mower with difficulty regained
his connections. He had shown that the enemy's line could be broken.
This alarmed Johnston, and that night he retreated on Smithfield,
leaving his dead unburied and his pickets to be captured. Major
Nichols in the " Story of the Great March " says — "Mower's recon-
noissance was, perhaps, the immediate cause of Johnston's retreat.
"Wed mow now how that movement must have carried consternation
into the rebel ranks. "We have found the bodies of some of Mower's
skirmishers within fifty yards of Johnston's head-quarters; they
were killed there and near the bridge which was their principal line
of retreat, and extending in the rear of the rebel position. When
Mower was ordered to move on our right, it was not supposed that
he would advance so far ; had that movement been intended he
would have had the support of the other divisions of the 17th Corps.
With 15,000 such veterans as those of the glorious 17th Corps en-
trenched on Johnston's line of retreat, an attack along the entire line
would have insured the total destruction of the rebel army. Many
noble men would have been lost who are now rejoicing in the fruits
of a less bloody victory ; but there would no longer have been the
rebel army of the South."
The total loss in the battle at Bentonville was 191 killed, 1,108
wounded, 344 missing ; total 1,643. Our men buried 267 rebel dead,
and took 1,643 prisoners, many of whom were wounded.
Johnston had made a daring move, and one marked by military
genius ; he had hurled his veterans upon one wing of our army to
.;;, J p \ i rich [8ii 01 Illinois.
mishit, l.ut had failed. Slocum raanifesteda signal abilityin meet-
ing the onset, and prompl reinforcements defeated the purpose of the
SI. .ruin's wing '1 (serves the credil of having alone borne and
resi ited the bursl of the rebel assault.
! aving his commanders to bury the dead, Sherman went to
i . idge, met General Terry, and on the 22d rode into Golds-
boro, where Schofield and his army received him with enthusiastic
greetings.
The left wing wenl in the same day and the following morning,
and the right on the 24th. The veterans who separated a1 Atlanta
were again together. The third grand station on Sherman's march
was attained. Atlanta — Savannah — Goldsboro.
Says .Major Nichols: "When our columns pushed up from the
sea coast, Beauregard's strongest line of defence was the Salka-
hatchie; but his earliest steps were fatal to his cause, and insured
the success of our movement toward our first objective — Columbia —
if not the final triumph of our campaign. Beauregard committed
the gross error of attempting to defend cities which possessed no
strategic value, neglecting, or having been ignorant of the truth,
that the surest road to a successful system of defense was the con-
centration of all his forces upon the line of the Salkahatchie, and
the abandonment of Charleston, Augusta and all other garrisoned
places. Although it would have been no easy task, we will suppose
that Sherman had out-Hanked ami forced this line. By moving upon
converging lines the rebel leader could always have had the choice
of a central position, which he could have occupied sooner than our
army, obliged as it was, to cross the river encumbered with trains.
Such a point was Branchville on our right, another was Augusta on
our left. The advantage of either of these positions would have
been, that if our objective had been Charleston, with the rebel army
at Branchville, even though Ave had succeeded subsequently in cross-
ing the Edisto, the enemy would have been in our front or flank.
Had Augusta been our objective, the enemy could have thrown a
dangerous force in our rear. Again if Beauregard had fallen back
to Augusta, and our objective had been either that place or Charles-
ton, the same logic would have held good. The rebel army would
have been as near Columbia as ours with greater facilities for reach-
ing the capital before us, had we marched iu that direction."
REBEL BLUNDERS. 455
Colonel Bowman says, " The failure to defend Columbia was the
turning-point of the campaign, and necessarily involved its loss,
since it enabled Sherman to move either upon Charlotte or Fayette-
ville, at his pleasure, and compelled Johnston to sacrifice one of
these lines to the defence of the other. In like manner, the inability
to cripple Sherman's army in detail, and thus prevent hisrpccupation
of Goldsboro, carried with it the impossibility of preventing his
juncture with the Army of the Potomac. For should Johnston at-
tempt to oppose Sherman in his progress to the Roanoke, on the
Weldon road, he must necessarily expose himself to the danger of
having his right turned, and being compelled to fight a battle be-
tween the Neuse and the Roanoke, with his back to the sea. Should
lie retire behind the Roanoke, to dispute its passage, his rear would
be at the mercy of Grant, and with a large river and a. powerful en-
emy in his front, he must then choose whether to abandon the ut-
tempt, or submit to be hemmed in without supplies. Again, if
Johnston should decide to refuse his left, and retire on Raleigh or
the south bank of the Neuse, he would, by that very act, abandon
all hope of being able to restrain the accomplishment of his adver-
sary's purpose. The last alternative, though ineffectual to oppose
Sherman, was the best of the three, being the only one that did not
point to immediate destruction, and it was the one which General
Johnston promptly and very properly adopted." *
General Sherman consulted briefly with Schofield and Terry, and
went by railway to Morehead City, and thence by steamer to City
Point, where he met the President of the United States, with Gene-
rals Grant and Meade. There were men Avhose fame was spreading
throughout the world, and the two first in rank were from the single
state of Illinois ! There was much for these men to say, but it was
speedily said, and Sherman was again in Goldsboro on the 30th.
On the 24th, he issued the orders for re-organizing his grand
army, and furnishing it suitable supplies, as follows :
I. Major -General Schofield was to organize an army equivalent to
two corps, or five divisions, to be called the Center, to be posted to
hold Goldsboro, and cover the railway back to Wilmington and
Morehead City, and aid the railroad department, with details to fin-
ish and equip in the shortest time, the two roads, so as to be fitted
for the service.
456 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
II. Colonel W. W, Wright, of the Railway Department, was to
use extraordinary efforts nighl and day, for the completion of the
two roada, "and to equip them to the capacity of three hundred
tons per day of freight" Various directions were given as to the
amount and kinds of Btores to be shipped, and the work was por-
tioned among Beveral specified corps.
III. The Chief Quartermaster and Commissary were ordered to
Goldsboro to superintend forwarding supplies.
IV. The right wing of the army will group to the front and right
of Goldsboro, looking north; the left wing in front and left of
Goldsboro ; the center to Goldsboro, with detachments to cover the
railroads, to the rear. The cavalry will be posted at or near Mount
Olive Station. All will send foraging parties into the country, be-
ing careful to. have them strong enough and well guarded.
The left wing, under Slocum, assumed the title of " The Army of
Georgia,1' and Major-General Mower succeeded Williams in com-
mand of the '20th. Howard's retained its glorious and historic
name, " The Army of the Tennessee," and was still composed of
the proven 15th, under Logan, and 17th, under Blair.
Sherman reported to Grant that the 10th of April would be the
earliest date at which he could advance. The railroads were put in
order, but, as usual, somebody must blunder, and some one sent
rolling-stock of the wrong gauge, restricting transportation to such
as had been picked up in North Carolina, at Wilmington and Golds-
boro. However, the best use was made of it, the men were sup-
plied with clothing and sufficient forage collected, to justify the
movement at the time specified.
On the 5th tho General issued orders as follows :
" The next grand objective is to place this army, with its full
equipment, north of Roanoke River, facing west, with a base of
supplies at Norfolk, and at Wynton orMurfreesboro, on the Chowan,
and in full communication with the Army of the Potomac, about
IVtt rsburg, and also to do the enemy as much harm as possible en
route.
" I. To accomplish this result, the following general plan will be
followed, or modified only, by written orders from these headquar-
ters, should events require a change :
GENERAL ORDERS. 457
"1. On Monday, the 10th of April, all preparations are presumed
to be completed, and the outlaying detachments will be called in, or
given directions to meet on the next march. All preparations will
also be completed to place the railway stock back of Kinston on the
one road, and below the northeast branch on the other.
" 2. On Tuesday, the 11th, the columns will draw out on their
lines of march, say about seven miles, and close up.
" 3. On Wednesday, the march will begin in earnest, and will be
kept up at the rate of, say, about twelve miles a day, or according
to the amount of resistance. All the columns will dress to the left,
which is the exposed flank, and commanders will study always to
find roads, by which they can, if necessary, perform a general left
wheel, the wagons to be "escorted on to some place of security on
the direct line of march.
" Foraging and other details, may continue as heretofore, only
more caution and prudence should be observed, and foragers should
not go in advance of the advance guard, but look more to our right
rear for corn, bacon and meal.
"II. The left wing, Major- General Slocum commanding, will aim
straight for the railway bridge near Smithfield, thence along up the
Neuse River to the railway bridge over Neuse River, northeast of
Raleigh (Powell's), thence to Warrenton, the general point of con-
centration. The center, Major-General Schofield commanding, will
move to Whitley's Mill, ready to support the left, until it is past
Smithfield, when it will follow up, substantially, Little River to
Rolesville, ready at all times to march to the support of the left,
after passing Tar River, en route to Warrenton.
" The right wing, Major-General Howard commanding, preceded
by the cavalry, will move rapidly over Pikeville and Folk's bridge
ready to make a junction with the other armies in case the enemy
offers battle this side of Neuse River about Smithfield, thence, in case
of no serious opposition on the left, will work up towards Earpsboro
Andrew's Bridge and Warrenton.
" The cavalry, General Kilpatrick, commanding, leaving its incum-
brances with the right wing, will push, as though straight for Wel-
don, until the enemy is across Tar River and that bridge burned,
then it will deflect towards Nashville and Warrenton, keeping up a
general communication with general headquarters.
458 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
"III. As soon as the army starts the chief quartermaster and
commissary will prepare a supply of stores at some point in Pamlico
and Albemarle Sounds, ready to be conveyed to Kinston, or Wyn-
ton and Murfreesboro, according to developments. As soon as they
have satisfactory information that the army is north of the Roanoke
they will forthwith establish a depot at Wynton with a sub-depot at
Murfreesboro.
t; Major-General Schofield will hold, as heretofore, Wilmington,
with the bridge across Northeast Branch as an outpost, Newbern
and Kinston as its outpost, and will be prepared to hold Wynton and
Murfreesboro as soon as the time arrives for that move. The navy
has instructions from Admiral Porter to co-operate, and any com-
manding officer is authorized to call on the navy for assistance and
co-operation, always in writing, setting forth the i-easons, of which, of
necessity, the naval commander is the judge.
" IV. The General-in-chief will be with the center, habitually, but
may in person shift to either when his presence may be needed,
leaving a staff-officer to receive reports. He requires absolutely a
report of each army or grand detachment each night, whether any-
thing material has occurred or not : often the absence of an enemy
is a very important fact in military prognostication."
CHAPTER XXVII.
END OF THE WAR.
OutofGoldsboro — Smithfield — News of Lee's Surrender — Johnston's Position —
— The Strategic Points — Sherman Sums Up — Correspondence Sherman's
Statement — Interview — Agreement — Disapproved — Grant Visits Sherman —
Truce Suspended — Fighting Order — Proposition to Surrender — Accepted —
March for Richmond — Washington — Grand Review — Stanton and Sherman — ■
Four Needed Men — Surrender of Taylor and Kirby Smith — The End — Sher-
man's Farewell — Troops Homeward — April to September — Doxology of Peace.
OUR brave men under Sherman and his subordinates moved from
Goldsboro on the 11th of April, and camped ten miles out on
the Smithfield road. There was skirmishing with rebel cavalry and
the loss of some twenty men. Smithfield, near which the halt was
made, was an old Southern municipality. The enemy made a show
of resistance, fighting behind street barricades, but they were driven
out by the 14th corps.
From there the army moved for Raleigh, the right wing crossing
the Neuse at Battle's Bridge, fifteen miles above Smithfield, where
the center and left crossed.
On the morning of the 13th the news of Lee's surrender was re-
ceived. The excitement is beyond description. In this army were
Grant's old soldiers of Shiloh, Vicksburg and Mission Ridge, and
they were exultant that their former leader had crushed Lee, the
Napoleon of the rebellion. Cheers for the Army of the Potomac
rang along the line ; shout succeeded shout, then came yells, peals
of laughter, and sobs of joy ! The rebellion was broken and the
soldiers of the West saw peace coming. Home was in the back-
ground of the picture that spread before them — home with its unut-
terable joys ! The bands of music vied in expressing exultant tri-
umph, the bullet-torn flags, smoked and grimed, seemed to feel the
inspiration in their dumb folds and their stars to glow with new luster.
Never will that morning be forgotten by the soldiers of the grand
army of the Southwest, but the soldiers will tell it to their children
-J('.i) PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
and they to the children that shall come after thorn, "for it was a
day long to be remembered."
Johnston was between Smithfield and Raleigh. His infantry and
artillery were estimated at 35,000, and his cavalry from 6,000 to
10,000 strong, much superior to ours in numbers, but Kilpatrick had
been in reserve at Mount Olive, recruiting his horses and was ready
for a rapid march as early as the 10th and was now in full co-opera-
tion with the commander-in-chief.
Granl had said to Sherman in their recent interview that hereafter
" the Confederate armies of Lee and Johnston become the strategic
points" and every private saw as clearly as the Commanding Gene-
rals that Johnston must he pushed. Sherman's theory was that the
line of the Confederate retreat must, per force, be the railway via
Hillsboro, Greensboro, Salisbury, Charlotte, &c, and he arranged
liis forces accordingly. All were in light order, trains were dropped
and Raleigh was entered on the morning of the 13th at 7.30. The
rain was falling but the cavalry rode to Durham's Station with the
indomitable loth Army Corps in full pursuit, and that night it rested
at Jones' Station ; the other columns were turned across the bend of
the railway toward Ashboro. Kilpatrick was to make a show of
pursuit toward the " Company's Shops " in Almond County ; How-
ard was to turn to the left by Hackney's Cross Roads, Rittsboro, St.
Lawrence and Ashboro; Slocum was to cross Cape Fear River at
Aven's Ferry and move rapidly by Carthage, Caledonia and Cox's
Mills ; Schofield was to hold Raleigh and the road in the rear and
throw forward his spare force by an intermediate route.
General Sherman thus sums up the position on the morning of the
15th:
"By the 15th, though the rains were incessant aud the roads almost impractica-
ble, Major- General Slocum had the 14th corps, Brevet Major-General Davis com-
manding, near Martha's Vineyard, with a pontoon bridge laid across Cape Fear Riv-
er, at Aven's Ferry, with the 20th corps, Major-General Mower commanding, in
support, and Major-General Howard had the 15th and 11th corps stretched out on
the roads toward Pittsboro', while General Kilpatrick held Durham's Station and
Chapel Hill University.
" Johnston's army was retreating rapidly on the roads from Hillsboro' to Greens-
boro', he himself at Greensboro'. Although out of place as to time, I here invite
all military critics who study the problems of war, to take their maps and compare
the position of my army on the 15th and 16th of April with that of General Halleck
Sherman's testimony. 461
about Burkesville and Petersburg, Virginia, on the 26th of April, when, according
to his telegram to Secretary Stanton, he offered to relieve me of the task of ' cut-
ting off Johnston'sretreat.' Major-General Stoneman at the time was at Statesville,
and Johnston's only line of retreat was by Salisbury and Charlotte. It may be that
General Halleck's troops can outmarch mine, but there is nothing in their past his-
tory to show it ; or it may be that General Halleck can inspire his troops with more
energy of action. I doubt that also, save and except in this single instance, when
he knew the enemy was ready to surrender or disperse, as advised by my letter of
April 18th, addressed to him when chief of staff at Washington City, and delivered
at Washington on the 21st instant, by Major Hitchcock, of my staff."
It was at this juncture that Johnston sent Sherman a note, proposing
a conference, with the hope of terminating hostilities. The events
which followed produced much excitement and discussion through-
out the country. We append General Sherman's statement made to
the Committee on the Conduct of the War, Washington, May 22,
1865 :
" Major- General Sherman being sworn and examined :
" By the Chairman — Q. What is your rank in the army ? A. I
am major-general in the regular army.
"Q. As your negotiation with the rebel General Johnston, in rela-
tion to his surrender, has been the subject of much public comment,
the Committee desire you to state all the facts and circumstances in
regard to it, or which you wish the public to know. A. On the 15th
day of April last I was at Raleigh, in command of three armies t
the Army of the Ohio, the Army of the Cumberland, and the Army
of the Tennessee ; my enemy was General Joseph E. Johnston, of
the Confederate Army, who commanded 50,000 men, retreating
along the railroad from Raleigh by Hillsboro', Greensboro', Salis-
bury and Charlotte ; I commenced pursuit by crossing the curve of
that road in the direction of Ashboro' and Charlotte ; after the head
of my column had crossed the Cape Fear River at Aven's Ferry, I
received a communication from General Johnston, and answered it,
copies of which I most promptly sent to the War Department, with
a letter addressed to the Secretary of War, as follows :
" ' Headquarters Military Division of the Mississippi,)
In the Field, Raleigh, N. C, April 15, 1865. \
"' General U. S. Grant and Secretary op War: — I send copies of a corres-
pondence to you with General Johnston, which I think will be followed by terms of
capitulation. I will grant the same terms General Grant gave General Lee, and be
t62 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
careful not to complicate any \><>\\d< of civil policy. If an}' cavalry has retreated
toward me, caution them to be prepared to find our work done. It is now raining
in torrents, andl shall awail General Johnston's reply here, and will prepare to meet
him in person ;it Chapel Hill.
"•I have invited Governor Vance to return to Raleigh, with the civil officers of
his Btate. I have met ex-Governor Graham, Messrs. Badger, Moore, Iloldcn, and
Others, all of whom agree that the war is over, and that the states of the South must
resume their allegiance, subject to the Constitution and laws of Congress, and must
submit to the national arms. This great fact was admitted, and the details are of
easy arrangement. W. T. Siikkman, Major-General."'
"I met General Johnston in person at a house five miles from Dur-
ham Station, under a flag of truce. After a few preliminary remarks
he said to me, since Lee had surrendered Ins army at Appomattox
Court House, of which he had just been advised, he looked upon
farther opposition by him as the greatest possible of crimes ; that
he wanted to know whether I could make him any general conces-
sions ; :my thing by which he could maintain his hold and control of
his army, and prevent its scattering ; any thing to satisfy the great
yearning of their people ; if so, he thought he could arrange terms
satisfactory to both parties. He wanted to embrace the condition
and fate of all the armies of the Southern Confederacy to the Rio
Grande, to make one job of it, as he termed it.
" I asked him what his powers were — whether he could command
and control the fate of all the armies to the Rio Grande. He
answered that he thought he could obtain the power, but lie did not
possess it at that moment; he did not know where Mr. Davis was,
but he thought if I could give him the time he could find Mr. Breck-
inridge, whose orders would be obeyed everywhere, and he could
pledge to me his personal faith that whatever he undertook to do
would be done.
" I had had frequent correspondence with the late President of the
United States, with the Secretary of War, with General Halleck,
and with General Grant, and the general impression left upon my
mind, that if a settlement could be made, consistent with the Consti-
tution of the United States, the laws of Congress, and the proclama-
tion of the President, they would not only be willing, but pleased to
terminate the war by one single stroke of the pen.
"I needed time to finish the railroad from the Neuse Bridge up to
Raleigh, and thought I could put in four or five days of good time
Sherman's testimony. 4G?>
in making repairs to my road, even if I had to send propositions to
Washington ; I therefore consented to delay twenty-four hours, to
enable General Johnston to procure what would satisfy me as to his
authority and ability as a military man, to do what he undertook to
do; I therefore consented to meet him the next day, the 17th, at
twelve noon, at the same place.
" We did meet again ; after a general interchange of courtesies, he
remarked that he was then prepared to satisfy me that he could ful-
fill the terms of our conversation of the day before. He then asked
me what I was willing to do ; I told him, in the first place, I could
not deal with any body except men recognized by us as 'belligerents,'
because no military man could go beyond that fact. The Attorney
General has since so decided, and any man of common sense so un-
derstood it before ; there was no difference upon that point as to the
men and officers accompanying the Confederate armies. I told him
that the President of the United States, by a published proclamation,
bad enabled every man in the Southern Confederate army, of the
rank of Colonel and under, to procure and obtain amnesty, by sim-
ply taking the oath of allegiance to the United States, and agreeing
to go to his home and live in peace. The terms of General Grant to
General Lee extended the same principles to the officers of the rank
of Brigadier-General and upward, including the highest officer in the
Confederate army, viz., General Lee, the Commander-in-Chief. I
was therefore willing to proceed with him upon the same principles.
" Then a conversation arose as to what form of government they
were to have in the South? Were the states there to be dissevered,
and were the people to be denied representation in Congress ?
Were the people there to be, in the common language of the people
of the South, slaves to the people of the North ? Of course, I said
' No ; we desire that you shall regain your position as citizens of
the United States, free and equal to us in all respects, and with re-
presentation upon the condition of submission to the lawful authority
of the United States as defined by the Constitution, the United States
courts, and the authorities of the United States supported by those
courts.' He then remarked to me that General Breckinridge, a
Major-General in the Confederate army, was near by, and, if I had
no objection, he would like to have him present. I called his atten-
-It', 1 i'.\ PBI01 ism OF ILLINOIS.
ti.-n to the fact, thai T had on the day before explained to him that
any negotiation* between us musl be confined to belligerents. lie
replied that he understood thai perfectly. 'But,' said he, ' Breckin-
ridge, w hom you do not know, save by public rumor, aa Secretary of
War, is, in fact, a Major-General ; I give you my word for that.
Have you any objection to his being presenl as a Major-General?' I
replied, ' I have no objection to any military officer you desire being
presenl as a part of your personal staff.' I myself had my own offi-
cers near me at call.
" Breckinridge came a stranger to me, whom I had never spoken
to in my life, and he joined in the conversation ; while that conver-
sation was going on a courier arrived and handed to General John-
ston a package of papers ; he and Breckinridge sat down and looked
over them for some time and put them away in their pockets ; what
they were I know not, but one of them was a slip of paper, written,
as General Johnston told me, by Mr. Reagan, Postmaster General of
the Southern Confederacy; they seemed to talk about it sotto voce,
and finally handed it to me ; I glanced over it; it was preceded by
a preamble, and closed with a few general terms ; I rejected it at
once.
" We then discussed matters; talked about slavery, talked about
every thing- There was a universal assent that slavery was as dead
as any thing could be; that it was one of the issues of the war long
since determined; and even General Johnston laughed at the folly
of the Confederate Government in raising negro soldiers, whereby
they gave us all the points of the case. I told them that slavery had
been treated by us as a dead institution, first by one class of men
from the initiation of the war, and then from the date of the Eman-
cipation Proclamation of President Lincoln, and finally by the assent
of all parties. As to reconstruction, I told them I did not know
what the views of the administration were. Mr. Lincoln, up to that
time, in letters and by telegrams to me, encouraged me by all the
words wduch could be used in general terms to believe, not only in
his willingness; but in his desires that I should make terms with civil
authorities, governors and legislatures, even as far back as 1863. It
then occurred to me that I might write off some general propositions,
meaning little, or meaning much, according to the construction of
shekman's testimony. 465
parties — what I would term 'glittering generalities ' — and send them
to Washington, which I could do in four days. That would enable
the new President to give me a clew to his policy in the important
juncture which was then upon us, for the war was over ; the highest
military authorities of the Southern Confederacy so confessed to me
openly, unconcealedly and repeatedly. I therefore drew up the
memorandum ( which has been published to the world ) for the pur-
pose of referring it to the proper executive authority of the United
States, and enabling him to define to me what I might promise,
simply to cover the pride of the Southern men, who thereby became
subordinate to the laws of the United States, civil and military. I
made no concessions to General Johnston's army or the troops under
his direction and immediate control ; and if any concessions were
made in those general terms, they were made because I then believed,
and now believe, they would have delivered into the hands of the
United States the absolute control of every Confederate officer and
soldier, all their muster-rolls, and all their arms. It would save us
all the incidental expense resulting from the military occupation of
that country by provost marshals, provost guards, military govern- .
ors, and all the machinery by which alone military power can reach
the people of a civilized country. It would have surrendered to us
the armies of Dick Taylor and Kirby Smith, both of them capable
of doing infinite mischief to us by exhausting the resources of the
whole country upon which we were to depend for the future extin-
guishment of our debt, forced upon us by their wrongful and rebel-
lious conduct. I never designed to shelter a human being from any
liability incurred in consequence of past acts to the civil tribunals of
our country, and I do not believe a fair and manly interpretation of
my terms can so construe them, for the words ' United States courts,'
* United States authorities,' ' limitations of executive power,' occur
in every paragraph. And if they seemingly yield terms better than
the public would desire to be given to the Southern people, if studied
closely and well it will be found that there is an absolute submission
on their part to the Government of the United States, either through
its executive, legislative, or judicial authorities. Every step in the
programme of these negotiations was reported punctually, clearly,
and fully, by the most rapid means of communication that I had.
30
PATRIOTISM OF n LINO
And yel T m gleet d no1 one Bingle precaution necessary to reap tin-
full benefits of my position in case the < tovernment amended, altered,
or absolutely annulled those terms. As those matters were ne
Barily mingled with the military history of the period, T would like
at this point to Bubmil to the committee my official report, which has
been in the hands of the proper officer, Brigadier- Genera] Rawlings,
Chief-of- Staff of the army of the [Jnited State-, sine,, aboul the L2th
instant. It was made by me at Manchester, Virginia, after I had
returned from Savannah, whither I wont to open dp the Savannah
River and reap the fruits of my negotiations with General Johnston,
and to give General Wilson's force in the interior a safe and Bure
base from which he could draw the necessary supply of clothing
and food for his command. It was only after I had fulfilled all this
that I learned, for the first time, through the public press, that my
conduct had been animadverted upon, not only by the Secretary of
War, hut by General ETalleck, and the press of the country at large.
I did feel hurt and annoyed that Mr. Stanton coupled with the terms
of my memorandum, confided to him, a copy of a telegram to Gene-
ral Grant which he had never sent to me. He knew, on the contrary,
that when he was at Savannah, that I had negotiations with civil
parties there, for he was present in my room when those parties
were conferring with me, and I wrote him a letter setting forth many
points of it, in which I said I aimed to make a split in Jeff. Davis'
dominions, by segregating Georgia from their course. Those were
civil negotiations, and, far from being discouraged from making them,
I was encouraged by Secretary Stanton himself to make them.
" By coupling the note to General Grant with my memorandum,
he gave the world fairly and clearly to infer that I was in possession
of it. Now, 1 was not in possession of it, and I have reason to
know that Mr. Stanton knew I was not in possession of it. Next
met me General Ilalleck's telegram, indorsed by Mr. Stanton, in
which they publicly avowed an act of perfidy — namely, the violation
of my terms, which I had a right to make, and which, by the laws
of war and by the laws of Congres, is punishable by death and no
other punishment. Next, they ordered an army to pursue my enemy,
who was known to be surrendering to me, in the presence of Gene-
ral Grant himself, their superior officer ; and, finally, they sent orders
THE AGREEMENT. 467
to General Wilson and to General Thomas — my subordinates, acting
under me on apian of the most magnificent scale, admirably executed
— to defeat my orders, and to thwart the interests of the Govern-
ment of the United States. I did feel indignant ; I do feel indignant.
As to, my honor, I can protect it. In my letter of the 1 5th of April I
used this language : ' I have invited Governor Vance to return to
Raleigh, with the civil officers of his State.' I did so because President
Lincoln had himself encouraged me to a similar course with the
Governor of Georgia when I was in Atlanta. And here was the
opportunity which the Secretary of War should have taken to put
me on my guard against making terms with civil authorities, if such
were the settled policy of our Government. Had President Lincoln
lived, I know he would have sustained me."
The result was the adoption of a paper which certainly took the
country by surprise. Its importance demands its reproduction :
" 1st. The contending armies now in the field to maintain the status quo until no-
tice is given by the commanding General of any one to his opponent, and reasonable
time, say forty-eight hours, allowed.
" 2d. The Confederate armies now in existence to be disbanded and conducted to
their several State capitals, there to deposit their arms and public property in the
State arsenal ; and each officer and man to execute and file an agreement to cease
from acts of war, and to abide the action of both State and Federal authorities.
The number of arms and munitions of war to be reported to the chief of ordinance
at "Washington city, subject to the future action of the Congress of the United
States, and in the mean time to be used solely to maintain peace and order within
the borders of the States respectively.
" 3d. The recognition by the Executive of the United States, of the several
State Governments, on their officers and Legislatures taking the oath prescribed by
the Constitution of the United States; and, when conflicting State Governments
have resulted from the war, the legitimacy of all shall be submitted to the Supreme
Court of the United States.
" 4th. The re-establishment of all Federal courts in the several States, with pow-
ers as defined by the Constitution and the laws of Congress.
"5th. The people and inhabitants of all States to be guaranteed, so far as the
Executive can, their political rights and franchises, as well as their rights of person
and property, as defined by the Constitution of the United States and of the States
respectively.
" 6th. The executive authority or Government of the United States not to dis-
turb any of the people, by reason of the late war, so long as they live in peace and
quiet, and abstain from acts of armed hostility, and obey the laws in existence at the
place of their residence.
" 7th. In general terms it is announced that the war is to cease ; a general am-
PATRIOTISM "i hi (HOIS.
eoutive of tbe United Bl tfa - cm command, on condition ol
the diabandment ol the Confederate armies, the distribution of arms and tho re-
sumption of peaceful pursuits by officers and nun hitherto composing said an
Not being fully empowered by our respective principals to fulfill these terms, ire
individually and officially pledg irselves to promptly obtain authority, and will
ondeaTor to earry out the ;il>ove programme.
" W. T. m:h;ma\, Major-General,
"Commanding Army of the United States in North Carolina.
" J. E. Johnbi on, General,
"Commanding Confederate States Army in North Carolina."
General Sherman had been long separated from the body of the
people, and perhaps did not fully apprehend their sentiments. He
relied upon the teachings of President Lincoln's Message of 1804 ;
his amnesty Proclamation, Grant's terms to Lee, and General Weit-
zel's invitation to the Legislature of Virginia tore-assemble in Rich-
mond. He says it was designed to be and so expressed it upon the
face a " mere basis for reference to the President of the United
States," and "admitted of modification, alteration and change. It
had no appearance of an ultimatum."
There were many who thought the terms accorded by General
Grant to General Lee were too lenient, but such was the desire for
peace and the rejoicing that the proud army of Lee was captured
that it was accepted.
But there had been a cooling time. On the very day that Gene-
ral Sherman held his second interview with Johnston he received
intelligence of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, cruelly
murdered. This new enormity, this culmination of rebellion, aroused
the people from ocean to ocean. They would not yield to the cause
represented by assassination such terms as once might have been
conceded. It also seemed that the agreement granted, if approved,
what even the President might not grant, but which belonged to the
American Congress to determine, viz., full political rights and fran-
chises. Not even the great name of the patriotic and able General
who had marched his men from Chattanooga to Raleigh and beyond
could induce the American people to receive the proposed terms.
The new President and his Cabinet received the papers, considered
them and promptly disapproved the agreement. The following
reasons were unofficially but authoritatively given by the govern-
ment :
GRANT IN KALEIGH. 469
" 1st. It was an exercise of authority not vested in General Sherman, and, on
its face, shows that both he and Johnston knew that General Sherman had no
authority to enter into any such arrangements.
" 2d. It was a practical acknowledgment of the Rebel Goverment.
" 3d. It undertook to re-establish Rebel State governments that had been over-
thrown at the sacrifice of many thousand loyal lives and immense treasure, and
placed arms and munitions of war in the hands of rebels at their respective capitals,
which might be used, so soon as the armies of the United States were disbanded,
and used to conquer and subdue loyal States.
"4th. By the restoration of rebel authority in their respective States, they
would be enabled to re-establish slavery.
" 5th. It might furnish a ground of responsibility on the part of the Federal
Government to pay the rebel debt, and certainly subjects loyal citizens of rebel
States to debts contracted by rebels in the name of the State.
" 6th. It puts in dispute the existence of loyal state governments, and the new
state of West Virginia, which had been recognized by every department of the
United States Government.
" 7th. It practically abolished confiscation laws, and relieved rebels of every de
gree, who had slaughtered our people, from all pains and penalties for their crimes.
" 8th. It gave terms that had been deliberately, repeatedly, and solemnly reject-
ed by President Lincoln, and better terms than the rebels had ever asked in their
most prosperous condition.
" 9th. It formed no basis of true and lasting peace, but relieved rebels from the
presence of our victorious armies, and left them in a condition to renew their efforts
to overthrow the United States Government and subdue the loyal states whenevor
their strength was recruited, and any opportunity shoidd offer."
Lieutenant-General Grant was sent to Raleigh, and announced to
General Sherman that the agreement was rejected without reasons
assigned. Grant had orders to direct military movements, but did
not relieve General Sherman, or propose to assume command. No-
tice was promptly sent from Sherman to General Johnston, of the
abrogation of the agreement, and suspension of the truce, coupled
with a demand for the surrender of his army. Orders were issued
to his own army, terminating the truce at 12 M. on the 26th, and re-
quiring them to be ready to march according to the orders issued
on the 14th.
But it was not to be. The long roll was not to be sounded, nor
the bugles blown for the final charge. No more of the men who had
followed the eagles of their leader, were to be sacrificed. Johnston
asked for a third interview, and it occurred on the 26th, when the
surrender was agreed to on the terms granted to General Lee.
Johnston was not aware of Grant's presence in Raleigh, with such
-17»> PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
characteristic modesty had thai greal leader borne himself How-
( \< r, tin1 agreement signed by Sherman and Johnston, bore thi
tment :
Lpproved. V. S. Grant, Lieutenant-General."
Ami thus tin' final triumph of ghe Western armj came. Shiloh,
Perryville, Stone [liver, Vioksburg, Big Black, Chiokamauga, Mis-
sion Ridge, Knoxville, Resaca, Dallas, Allatoona, Kenesaw Moun-
tain, tilt; Chattahooche, Jonesboro, Atlanta, Koine, Macon, Mill-
ville, Millen, Savannah, Franklin, Nashville, Pocotaligo,
Orangeburg, Branchville, Columbia, Charlotte, Fayetteville, ( iharles-
ton, Goldsboeo, Smithfield and Raleigh, were so many blood-
marked stages on their way, but victory was won, and soon toward
home, toward Northern gardens, wheat fields, forests and prairies,
should the conquerors make their way !
On the 27th, orders for the disposition of the army were issued.
The 10th and 23d corps were to remain in the Department of North
Carolina, and Schofield was to transfer to Gillmore, in the Depart-
ment of the South, the two brigades drawn from Grover's division.
Kilpatrick was transferred to Schofield' s department. Stoneman and
Wilson were to move their cavalry back to Decatur, Alabama.
Howard and Slocum were to move their armies slowly and in good
order, by designated roads, to Richmond.
Sherman went to Alexandria, Virginia, and awaited his troops
coming on to the grand review at the Capital. On the 20th of May
both of the grand armies were in the vicinity of Washington, pre-
paratory to being disbanded. Lieutenant-General Grant determined
upon a grand review.
An elevated platform, overlooking Pennsylvania Avenue, was
erected, on which was the President of the United States, his Cab-
inet, foreign ministers, women celebrated for beauty and position ;
illustrious men from different walks of life — altogether a grand tab-
leau, wanting only Abraham Lincoln, whom tho soldiers and the
people knew was worthy of being trusted. Pennsylvania Avenue is
very broad, and stretches from the Capitol, at the east end, to the
White House at the West. Its sidewalks were lined with people,
some of whom had traveled from the extreme northern limits of the
Union to witness the grand pageant. The windows were filled with
THE GRAND REVIEW. 471
women whose sympathies, prayers aud loving labors had been with
the men in blue, in their weary marches, battles and sieges.
Yet the review was not of men in holiday soldier costume, in the
flummery of dandy soldiering. The uniforms were soiled, the blue
was cloudy, the arms were homely, the men were bronzed, they were
travel-worn and rough, and yet were they kingly ! They were the
citizen soldiers who had saved the country ! No mercenary troops
were they. That long line of bayonets thought.
Another portion of the Grand Army of the Republic was not
there — yet one no less instrumental in saving the nation.
" On Fame's eternal camping-ground
Its silent tents were spread ;
And glory kept with solemn round
The bivouac of the dead !"
The review of the Army of the Potomac was on the 23d, and was
all that could be desired. " Sherman's Army " marched along the
broad avenue on the 24th. At its head was its leader, and in their
proper positions, his gallant colleagues. His army was in " field
style." The foragers with their supplies, the black men of the pi-
oneer corps, with axes, shovels, spades, picks, told how roads were
made, and in regular marching order, came the cavalry, artillery and
infantry. It was the army as it
" Marched to the sea."
Sherman, Slocum, Howard, Logan, Mower, Carlin, Morgan, and
others, were greeted enthusiastically. W hen the head of the col-
umn had passed the Presidential platform, General Sherman wheel-
ed out of line, and dismounting, ascended the stairs, and was greeted
by the President, his companion-in-arms, Lieutenant-General Grant,
whose successor in rank he was soon to be, by Harlan, Speed, and
Dennison, of the Cabinet. He refused to recognize Secretary Stan-
ton. The alienation of feeling between these eminent gentlemen,
was matter of regret. They both did good service, and while we
doubt not that the country could have found other good men, it is
difficult to see how the war could have been safely fought through,
the Union preserved, and freedom secured, without Abraham Lin-
coln, Edwin M. Stanton, Ulysses S. Grant, and Willam Tecumseh
472 PATRIOTISM OB ILLINOIS.
Sherman. They were the men for tne times, raised up by that
Providence which never Blumbers, and never is in want of an in-
strument
The review was over. The alarm of war had ceased. The men
who went from our prairies desired to return, and General Sherman
issued the following farewell order:
"Headquarters Military Division ok the MISSISSIPPI, )
In the Field, Washington, D. C, May 30, 1865. J
" Special Field Orders, No. 76.
" The Genera] commanding announces to the armies of the Tennessee and Geor-
gia, that the time has come for us to part. Our work is done, and armed en
no longer defy us. Some of you will be retained in service until further orders.
And now that we are about to separate, to mingle with the civil world, it becomes a
pleasing duty to recall to mind the situation of national affairs when, but little more
than a year ago, we were gathered about the twining cliffs of Lookout Mountain,
and all the future was wrapped in doubt and uncertainty. Three armies had come
together from distant fields, with separate histories, yet bound by one common
cause — the union of our country and the perpetuation of the Government of our
inheritance. There is no need to recall to your memories Tunnell Hill, with its
Rocky Face Mountain, and Buzzard Roost Gap, with the ugly forts of Dalton be-
hind. We were in earnest, and paused not for danger and difficulty, but dashed
through Snake Creek Gap, and fell on Resaca, then on to the Etowah, to Dallas,
Kenesaw ; and the heats of summer found us on the banks of the Chattahoochee,
far from home and dependent on a single road for supplies. Again we wen- not
to be held back by any obstacle, and crossed over and fought four heavy battles for
the possession of the citadel of Atlanta. That was the crisis of our history. A
doubt still clouded our future ; but we solved the problem, and destroyed Atlanta,
struck boldly across the State of Georgia, secured all the main arteries of life to
our enemy, and Christmas found us at Savannah. Waiting there only long enough
to fill our wagons, we again began a march, which for peril, labor, and results will
compare with any ever made by an organized army. The floods of the Savannah,
the swamps of the Combahee and Edisto, the high hills and rocks of the Santee,
the flat quagmires 0f the Pedee and Cape Fear rivers, were all passed in midwinter,
with its floods and rains, in the face of an accumulating enemy ; and after the bat-
tles of Averysboro and Bentonsville, we once more came out of the wilderness to
meet our friends at Goldsboro. Even then we paused only long enough to get new
clothing, to reload our wagons, and again pushed on to Raleigh, and beyond, until
we met our enemy, suing for peace instead of war, and offering to submit to the in-
jured laws of his and our country. As long as that enemy was defiant, nor mount-
ains, nor rivers, nor swamps, nor hunger, nor cold had checked us ; but when he
who had fought us hard and persistently, offered submission, your General thought
it wrong to pursue him further, and negotiations followed which resulted, as you all
know, in his surrender. How far the operations of the army have contributed to
the overthrow of the Confederacy, of the peace which now dawns on us, must be
SURRENDER OF TAYLOR AND SMITH. 473
judged by others, not by us. But that you have done all that men could do has been
admitted by those in authority ; and we have a right to join in the universal joy
that fills our land because the war is over, and our Government stands vindicated
before the world by the joint action of the volunteer armies of the United States.
"To such as remain in the military service, your General need only remind you
that successes in the past are due to hard work and discipline, and that the same
work and discipline are equally important in the future. To such as go home, he
will only say, that our favored country is so grand, so extensive, so diversified in cli-
mate, soil and productions, that every man may surely find a home and occupation suit-
ed to his tastes ; and none should yield to the natural impotence sure to result from
our past life of excitement and adventure. You will be invited to seek new adven-
ture abroad ; but do not yield to the temptation, for it will lead only to death and
disappointment.
" Your General now bids you all farewell, with the full belief that, as in war you
have been good soldiers, so in peace you will make good citizens; and if, unfortu-
nately, new war should arise in our country, Sherman's army will be the first to
buckle on the old armor and come forth to defend and maintain the Government of
our inheritance and choice."
The rebellion was virtually ended when Davis went forth a fugi-
tive, and its military power was broken hopelessly with the surren-
der of Lee and Johnston, hence the remaining events may be dis-
missed with a paragraph or two.
May 4th General Taylor surrendered to General Canby, the re-
mainder of organized Confederate troops east of the Mississippi
River. A few weeks later, Kirby Smith surrendered the trans-Mis-
sissippi command. The first of April saw the grand armies of Lee,
Johnston, Taylor and Smith fully organized for resistance to nation-
al authority — the first of June found not an organized disunion reg-
iment east of the Rio Grande. By the first of September half a
million of men had been sent by regiments to their homes, and still
some two hundred thousand were retained for duty in the states late
in rebellion.
So perished the military power of the rebellion. So had been
demonstrated the power of the nation to bear arms and pay money ;
so had been proven national devotion to government ; so had been
rebuked the pernicious dogma of the right of states to secede ; so
had perished slavery, the curse of the land God gave our fathers ;
and so was demonstrated that this land shall never be cut in twain !
Troublesome questions connected with reconstruction are before
the people, but they believed that courage, fidelity and patience
474: PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
would solve them, and they more firmly believed that the God
whose hand had been so visibly manifested, would still lead them.
For the blessings of peace, for sons, brothers, fathers and hus-
bands returned, there was gratitude, and the prairies of Illinois were
one grand orchestra, from which swelled heavenward the grand old
doxology,
" Praise God, from whom all blessings flow,
Praise Him all creatures here below ;
Praise Him above, ye heavenly host,
Praise Father, Son and Holy Ghost."
CHAPTER XXVIII.
REGIMENTAL SKETCHES.
Tiie Eighty-Fifth — Perryville, Ch-ickamauga, Mission Ridge, Atlanta, Rome, Kene-
saw, Peach Tree Creek, Savannah — Brevet Brigadier-General C. J. Dilworth
— The One Hundred and Seventeenth — Regimental Statistics — The One Hun-
dred and Nineteenth — Its various Campaigns — The One Hundred and Twenty-
kecond — Pursuit op Prick — The One Hundred and Twenty-fourth — The "Bully
One Hundred and Two Dozen " — The One Hundred and Twenty-seventh — Vicks-
burg and the atlanta campaign the one hundred and twenty-ninth guard-
ING Railroads — The One Hundred and Forty-seventh — Closing of Hostilities
in Georgia — The One Hundred and Forty-ninth — On Garrison Duty — The One
Hundred and Fiftieth — Religious Revivals — The One Hundred and Fifty-first
— Wofford's Surrender — The One Hundred and Fifty-third — Colonel Stephen
Bronson — The One Hundred and Flfty-fifth.
EIGHTY-FIFTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
THE 85th infantry was mustered into service at Peoria, August
27, 1862, numbering 850 men. The following is the original
roster :
Colonel, Robert S. Moore ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Caleb J Dilworth ; Major, Samuel P.
Cummings ; Adjutant, John B. Wright ; Quartermaster, Samuel F. Wright ; Surgeon,
James P. Walker ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Philip L. Duffenbecker.
Co. A. — Captain, Matthew Langston ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas R. Roberts ; 2d
Lieutenant, John W. Neal.
Co. B — Captain, James R. Griffith ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles W. Pierce ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John A. Mallory.
Co. C — Captain, Samuel Black ; 1st Lieutenant, George A. Blanchard ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William A. Walker.
Co. D — Captain, Charles W. Houghton; 1st Lieutenant, Comfort H. Raymon ; 2d
Lieutenant, Charles H. Chatfield.
Co. E — Captain, Pleasant S. Scott ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph M. Plunckett ; 2d
Lieutenant, Abraham Clarry.
Co. F — Captain, John Kennedy ; 1st Lieutenant, Robert A. Bowman ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Richard W Tenney.
Co. G — Captain, William McClelland ; 1st Lieutenant, Lafayette Curless ; 2d
Lieutenant, John M. Robinson.
\
■I 7''> r.vi u i. . i IBM OF Illinois.
Co. i! -Ca bain, Nathaniel Bel lelland; 1st Lieutenant, Luke Elliott; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William Cohren.
Co. [—Captain, William II. Barbie; l*t Lieutenant, David M. Bolated; ^d Lieu-
tenant, Bugfa BcBugh.
Co K Captain, Robert 6. Bider ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel Yatea ; 2d Lieutenant,
..it.
The regiment was immediately ordered to Louisville, Kentucky.
On the 8th of October, 1862, it commenced the battle of Perryville
before daylighl and was engaged during the day, losing Beven men
killed and forty-nine wounded. After this battle, it marched to
Nashville, Tennessee. Tt was next engaged in the battle of Stone
River, after which it was stationed at Nashville, the greater part of
the time, until the 20th of August, 186:;, when it was ordered to
Hunts ville, Alabama, thence to Chattanooga, Tennessee, where it
arrived the day after that place was evacuated by the enemy, and
two days before the battle of Chickamauga. It was present at and
engaged in that battle, but, being on the extreme left of the line,
suffered but little. It was immediately afterward stationed at the
mouth of the North Chickamauga, on the Tennessee River, where
it remained until the battle of Mission Ridge, in which it participat-
ed, but, being on favorable ground, suffered but little, losing not
more than twenty men. After that battle the regiment, with the
army, stinted to relieve Knoxville, but the siege being raised it re-
turned to Chattanooga and was stationed at McAffee's Church. On
the 24th of February, 1864, the army around Chattanooga, includ-
ing the 85th, moved toward Dalton, Georgia, and on the 25th en-
gaged the enemy at Buzzard's Roost, where the 85th lost in killed
and wounded eighteen men, and after night withdrew from the field,
and with the remainder of the troops returned the next day to the
old camp.
On the 1st of May, 1864, the 85th, being in the 3d Brigade, 2d
Division, 14th Army Corps, commenced its move with the army on
the campaign against Atlanta, Georgia. The first day skirmishing
commenced, and the regiment was under fire, sometimes severely
engaged, and sometimes lightly, for one hundred and ten days. On
the 28th day of May the 2d Division was ordered to Rome, Georgia.
On the 20th it met the enemy at that place, on the north bank of the
river. A severe but short engagement took place, night putting a
THE EIGHTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. 477
stop to the conflict — both parties remaining on the ground. In this
engagement the 85th lost twenty-three men in killed and wounded.
The next morning it was ascertained that the enemy had fallen back
across the river and burned the bridges ; but it was uncertain whether
they had left the town of Rome or not. In order to get this infor-
mation, the 85th was ordered to cross the river and enter the town.
There being no bridges, and the stream being very deep, the task
was very difficult, and the only manner in which the crossing could
be effected, was by the men swimming and pushing their guns and
accoutrements over on rails and logs. After crossing over thirty
men, a skirmish line was formed and moved toward the town, the
rest of the men coming up and joining as fast as they could cross.
As the skirmishers entered Rome, a sharp skirmish opened between
our line and the rear guard of the enemy, who were retreating from
the town. That night bridges were constructed, and the next day
the remainder of the division crossed.
On the 27th of June, 1864, in the attack uponKenesaw Mountain,
the 85th was placed on the skirmish line, with orders to drive in the
enemy's pickets, and then join in the main attack. The driving in
and capturing their line was accomplished without much difficulty,
but our entire line was repulsed, the 85th losing one hundred and
thirteen men. Although the line was repulsed, the men did not quit
the ground, but threw up earthworks within twenty-seven yards of
the enemy. On the 19th of July, the 85th was the second regiment
crossing Peach Tree Creek, and met an overwhelming force, suffer-
ing severely, losing ninety men, but, being reinforced, was not driren
from the ground. Nothing occurred after this except what is given
in the general operations of the army around Atlanta, until the bat-
tle at Jonesboro, at which place the 85th lost sixty men. After the
fall of Atlanta, the regiment marched with General Sherman to the
sea, participated in the Carolina Campaign, and in the grand review
at Washington, where it was mustered out of the service, June 5,
1865.
Brevet Brigadier-General C. J. Dilworth entered the service Au-
gust 27, 1862, as Lieutenant-Colonel of the 85th infantry. He was
present at the battles of Perryville and Stone River. He was
promoted to the Colonelcy, and commanded the regiment at the bat-
478 PATRIOT l>\l OF ILLINOIS.
ties of Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Shepardstown, Buzzard's
Roost, Etesaca and Rome, and at the commencement of the assault
>.n Km. -aw Mountain, June '-'7, I sol', at which place — Colonel Daniel
Mc Cook, who commanded the 3d brigade, 2d division, I itli army
corps, haying been mortally wounded early in the fight — Colonel Dil-
worth took command of the brioado, and hold the line within twen-
ty-seven yards of the enemy's works, for six days, at which time the
army left. He was in command of the brigade at the battle of
Peach Tree Creek, and continued in this command until the battle
of Jonesboro, at which place he was severely wounded and was
sent North. After recovering from the effects of his wound, and
being too late to join the brigade in the march to the sea, he was
assigned to the command of a brigade at Chattanooga, at which
place he remained until March 24, 18G5. At that time he was as-
signed to the command of the post at Covington, Kentucky, where
he remained till mustered out of the service, June 5, 1865. He was
brevetted Brigadier-General December 28, 1864, and confirmed by
the Senate.
ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 11 7th regiment was organized at Camp Butler, whore it was
mustered into the service on the 19th of September, 1862. It was
composed of companies from several counties, as follows : Company
A, McLean County; B, Montgomery County; C, II, I and K, St.
Clair County; D, F and G, Madison County; E, Clinton County.
The following is the original roster :
Colonel, Risdom M. Moore ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Jonathan Merriam ; Major, Thomas
J. Newsham ; Adjutant, Samuel H. Deneen /Quartermaster, Henry C. Fike ; Surgeon,
Martin Wiley ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Humphrey II. Hood ; 2d Assistant Surgeon,
Thomas 0. Jennings ; Chaplain, John D. Gillham.
Co. A— Captain, Samuel B. Kinsey ; 1st Lieutenant, Harrison W. Wood ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Dennis Kenyon.
Co. B— Captain, Robert McWilliams ; 1st Lieutenant, Frank H. Gilmore ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George W. Potter.
Co. C— Captain, George F. Lowe; 1st Lieutenant, William H. Wbitaker; 2d
Lieutenant, William Wallis.
Co. D— Captain, William P. Olden ; 1st Lieutenant, Abraham B. Keagle ; 2d
Lieutenant, Benjamin F. Oldeu.
Co. E— Captain, Andrew J. Randall ; 1st Lieutenant, Erastus M. Burson ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John A. B. Apperson
ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. 479
Co. F — Captain, Jacob I. Kinder ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles W. Blake ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Gersham P. Gillham.
Co. G — Captain, Curtis Blakeman ; 1st Lieutenant, Alexander I. Gregg; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James G. Elliff.
Co. H — Captain, Robert A. Halbert ; 1st Lieutenant, James M. Hay; 2d Lieuten-
ant, David H. Wilderman.
Co. I — Captain, David McFarland ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel M. Stiles; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John R. Thomas.
Co. K — Captain, Nathan Land ; 1st Lieutenant, John W. Fike ; 2d Lieutenant,
James A. Curtiss.
The 117th left Camp Butler November 11, 1862, and arrived at
Memphis on the 17th of the same month. It remained there, doing
garrison and scouting duty, until July 5, 1863, when it was sent to
reinforce Helena, Arkansas. Returning to Memphis, it was sent to
Helena the second time, and soon returned again to Memphis, where
it remained till December 25th, when it started out on the campaign
through Western Tennessee against Forrest. In January, 1864, it
went to Vicksburg, and thence to Meridian, soon returning to Vicks-
burg. On the 10th of March it started on the Red River expedition,
under General A. J. Smitlj, and took a part in the capture of Fort
De Russey on the 14th. It was next in the battle of Pleasant Hill,
Louisiana, April 9th. It was then sent up the river to the relief of
Commodore Porter's gunboats. Returning, it took part in numer-
ous skirmishes with the enemy, reaching Vicksburg May 24th, and
accompanied an expedition against Marmaduke, who had established
a blockade at Chicot Lake and Columbia, Ark. It then returned to
Memphis, whence, June 14th, it was sent to Collierville, to the relief
of General Sturgis. Then followed the Tupelo campaign, in which
the 117th was engaged, meeting the enemy at Tupelo and Old
Town Creek. It again fought at Hurricane Creek, August 13th,
19th and 20th. It was next sent on a campaign through Missouri,
taking part in the battle of Franklin, October 1st, and returned to
St. Louis, reaching there November 19th. We next find it at Nash-
ville, where it participated in the battles of the 15th and 16th of
December, and in the subsequent pursuit of Hood. It was next
sent on the expedition against Mobile, where it took an active part
in the siege and capture of Blakeley and Spanish Forts. After the
fall of Mobile, the regiment was sent to Montgomery, Alabama,
where it remained till July 16, 1865, when it was ordered home for
480 PATRIOTISM 01 ILLINOIS.
muster out, It was discharged at Camp Butler on the 5th of
August,
During its term of service, the 117th participated in six battles
and thirty-three skirmishes; traveled 77s miles by rail, G,191 by
water and 2,307 on foot, making a total distance of 9,27G miles.
ONE HUNDRED AND NINETEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 119th regiment was organized at Quinoy, and mustered into
the service on the 7th of October, ] 802. The original roster was
as follows :
Colonel, Thomas J. Kinney; Lieutenant-Colonel, Samuel E. Taylor; Major,
William 11. Watson ; Adjutant, Harvey S. Buck ; Quartermaster. Delos Allen ; Sur-
geon, Thomas Munroe ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Reuben Woods ; 2d Assistant Sur-
geon, George A. Byrns , Chaplain, Charles S. Callihan.
Co. A — Captain, Hugo Hollan; 1st Lieutenant, Sylvester T. Worley ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Harmon B. Hubbard.
Co. B — Captain, George Parker ; 1st Lieutenant, Johnston C. Dilworth ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Ezekiel M. Bradley.
Co. C — Captain, Robert L. Greer ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas J. Curry; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Adam J. Bower. \
Co. D — Captain, John H. Hambaugh ; 1st Lieutenant, Hiram E. Henry ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William II. Breckenridge.
Co. E — Captain, William N. Mumford ;' 1st Lieutenant, David K. Watson ; 2d
Lieutenant, Sylvester D. Nokes,
Co. F — Captain, Josiah Slack ; 1st Lieutenant, Oliver P. Brumback ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Lewis Craycraft.
Co. G — Captain, Peyton C. Smith ; 1st Lieutenant, Edward Corey; 2d Lieutenant,
Livingston S. Dennis.
Co. II — Captain, Samuel McConnell ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry C. Mullen ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Jackson Wells.
Co. I — Captain, John T. May ; 1st Lieutenant, Irven W. Anderson; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Robert H. Ellis.
Co. K — Captain, Calvin Johnson ; 1st Lieutenant, Erastus P. Julian ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Jacob A. Bennett.
On the 2d of November the 119th left camp for Jackson, Ten-
nessee. Here a portion of the regiment was sent out to guard the
railroad, and the balance was placed On garrison duty at Kinton.
On the 21st of December Companies G and K were captured at
Rutherford Station. On the 6th of February, 18G3, the remaining
eight companies formed a junction at Humboldt, Tenn. On the 10th
of March it moved to Brentya Station, and on the 30th of May ar-
ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SECOND INFANTRY. 481
rived at Memphis, where it went into camp and remained until Jan-
uary 27, ]864. It then proceeded to Vicksburg, from whence it
took part in General Sherman's Meridian expedition, returning to
Vicksburg on the 4th of March. On the 10th it embarked on Gen-
eral Smith's Red River expedition, and took part in the battles of
Fort De Russey and Pleasant Hills. On the way down the river, it
was engaged at Bayou L' Amour and at Yellow Bayou- On the 21st
of May it embarked and proceeded to Vicksburg, and on the 5 th of
June went to Memphis. On the 24th it moved to Lagrange, and on
the 5th of July took up the line of march through Mississippi, engag-
ing Forrest's forces at Tupelo on the 14th,, and returning to Memphis
on the 27th. On the 10th of August it started on another raid, and
returned on the 31st, having met no enemy. On the 5th of Septem-
ber it proceeded to St. Louis, and on the 2d of October started in
pursuit of Price. It returned to St. Louis November 18th, having
marched nearly 700 miles in Missouri. On the 1st of December it
arrived at Nashville, and was engaged in the two days' fight at that
point. It then followed the rebels to Eastport, Mississippi, where it
went into camp. On the 8th of February, 1865, it embarked for
New Orleans, and on the 5th of March for Dauphin Island. It then
took a part in the capture of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakeley. After
the capture of Mobile it moved to Montgomery, Alabama, where it
remained till June 1st. It was then ordered to Mobile, where it was
mustered out on the 26th of August. On the 4th of September it
arrived at Springfield, where it was paid oflf and discharged.
ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SECOND ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 122d regiment was organized at Carlinville, and was mustered
into the service on the 4th of September, 1862. The following is the
original roster :
Colonel, John J. Rinaker; Lieutenant-Colonel, James F. Drish ; Major, James F.
Chapman ; Adjutant, Hardin G. Kaplinger ; Quartermaster, William W. Freeman ;
Surgeon, William A. Knox; 1st Assistant Surgeon, John P. Mathews ; 2d Assistant
Surgeon, Marinus W. Seaman ; Chaplain, John H. Austin.
Co. A — Captain, William B. Dugger ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas G. Lofton ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, David B. Haldennan.
Co. B — Captain, Manoah Bostick ; 1st Lieutenant, John Harding; 2d Lieutenant,
Eli H. Davis.
31
ls^> PATRIOTISM OT ELLINOI8,
Oo. 0 — Captain, LucienKing; 1st Lieutenant, Jacob L.Pope; 2d Lieutenant,
Samuel I.. Chapra
Co. D- Captain, Lewie P. Feebles ; 1st Lieutenant, James N. Halt ; 2d Lieutenant,
Henry C. Gooding.
Co. E— Captain, Baxter Haynes ; 1st Lieutenant, Benjamin V. Casey; 2d Lieu-
I . Abraham C. Eulae.
Co. F— Captain, Sidney Hall ; 1st Lieutenant, James S. Childs ; 2d Lieutenant,
A.lvia Shaaa.
Co. G — Captain, Balfour Cowen ; 1st Lieutenant, William II. Cox ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Rufua W. Loud.
Co. II — Captain, Benjamin Leigh ; 1st Lieutenant, James C. McKnight; 2d Lien-
tenant, Pleasant I.. liiistow.
Co. I — Captain, Andrew F. Duncan; 1st Lieutenant, Stephen T. Sawyer ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Augustus If. Sparks.
Co. K — Captain, Josiah Borough; 1st Lieutenant, John S. Colter; 2d Lieutenant,
Thomas Miller.
On the 8th of October the 122dleft camp and proceeded to Tren-
ton, Tennessee. On the 18th of December it was ordered to Jackson,
Tennessee, to defend that place against a threatened attack by For-
rest, whom it pursued to Lexington, returning to Jackson on the 21st.
Two days later it marched again to Trenton, where it found that
Forrest had captured the sick of the regiment, left at that place,
including Major Chapman and aboul sixty enlisted men. On the
same night it countermarched to Humboldt, and on the 26th again
went to Trenton, leaving there on the following day in pursuit of
the enemy. On the 31st it took part in a fight at Parker's Cross
Roads, which resulted in a brilliant success to the Union forces.
Here Colonel Rinaker received a severe wound in his right leg. The
regiment then returned to Trenton until February 17, 1863, when it
was ordered to Corinth, Mississippi. On the 25th of April it engaged
the enemy at Town Creek, Alabama. June 25th it left Corinth for
Saulsbury, Tennessee, remaining there till October 30th, when it
moved to Iuka, where Colonel Rinaker assumed command of the
post. November 4th it marched to Eastport, where it was stationed
till December 8th, Colonel Rinaker again post commandant, when it
was sent to Paducah, Kentucky. On the 19th of January, 1864,
Companies A, B, D, E, F, G and I moved to Cairo, Companies C,
II and K remaining at Paducah, and Colonel Rinaker was assigned
to the command of the post at Cairo in March. On the 24th of the
latter month the three companies stationed at Paducah engaged the
ONE HUNDKED AND TWENTT-FOUETH INFANTRY. 483
enemy under Forrest, repelling repeated and determined assaults
and successfully defending the fort which they garrisoned. On the
20th of April the regiment was re united at Cairo, and proceeded to
Columbus, Kentucky, to defend that place against a threatened at-
tack. June 26th it proceeded to Memphis, thence to Lagrange, Ten-
nessee. On the 5th of July it marched southward from Lagrange,
and on the 14th engaged the enemy at Tupelo, where it lost nine
killed and thirty-three wounded. On the 23d it returned to Mem-
phis, and on the 4th of August marched to Holly Springs, where it
was stationed for provost duty. On the 31st it again reached Mem-
phis, and on the 15th of September arrived at Jefferson Barracks,
Missouri. On the 25th it was sent to De Soto, Missouri, to check
the advance of Price, returning on the 29th. On the 26th of Octo-
ber it started in pursuit of Price, proceeding as far as Ilarrisonville,
and returiftng to St. Louis November 18th, after a march of 725 miles.
On the 24th of November it proceeded to Nashville, and took part in
the battles of December 15th and 16th, before that city, where it
captured four pieces of artillery and one battle flag from the enemy.
It then started in pursuit of the rebels, and on the 9th of January,
1865, arrived at Eastport, Mississippi, where it went into quarters.
On the 8th of February it moved to New Orleans, where it joined
the expedition against Mobile. It took part in the assault upon Fort
Blakeley, where it lost 26 in killed and wounded, among the latter
Lieutenant-Colonel Drish. On the 12th of April it marched to
Montgomery, Alabama, returning to Mobile on the 5th of June,
where it was placed on provost duty till July 15th, when it was
mustered out of the service. On the 18th it embarked for Spring-
field, where it arrived on the 27th, and was finally discharged and
paid on the 4th of August.
ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOURTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 124th regiment was organized at Camp Butler, and was mus-
tered into the service on the 10th of September, 1862. The follow-
ing is the original roster :
Colonel, Thomas J. Sloan ; Lieutenant-Colonel, John H. Howe ; Major, Rufu* P.
Pattison ; Adjutant, "William E. Smith; Quartermaster, Alonzo N. Reece ; Surgeon,
Leland H. Angell; 1st Assistant Surgeon; James R. Kay; 2d Assistant Surgeon;
John Jassoy ; Chaplain, Horace B. Foskett.
4S4; PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
C0> a — Captain, Ralpb A. Tenner; 1st Lieutenant, Julius A. Pratt; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Edmund 0. Raj mond.
Co B Captain, Adin Mann ; 1st Lieutenant, Edwin F. Stafford ; 2d Lieutenant,
Fernando 0. Vanvlack.
Co. C — Captain, Henry L Field ; 1st Lieutenant, John W. Terry; 2d Lieutenant,
James Rickey.
Co. I) — Captain, Stephen Brink ; 1st Lieutenant, Asa A. Cowdery; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Travis Meller.
Co. E — Captain, William B. Siglcy; 1st Lieutenant, James H. Blackmore; 2d
Lieutenant, Osborn Wilson.
Co. F — Captain, Matthew B. Potter; 1st Lieutenant, Norman H. Pratt; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Enoch W. Taylor.
Co. G — Captain, Lyman H. Scudder ; 1st Lieutenant, Ezra C. Benedict ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Benton Pratt.
Co. H — Captain, John W. Kendall ; 1st Lieutenant, Justus D. Andrews ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Theodore Potter.
Co. I — Captain, Thomas K. Roach ; 1st Lieutenant, Richard L. Howard ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Benjamin A. Griffith.
Co. K — Captain, James H. Morgan ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas J. Willi#n; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Stephen N. Sanders.
The regiment left Camp Butler October 6th, arriving at Jackson,
Tennessee, on the 9th. On the 2d of November it marched to La-
grange, where it remained till the 28th, when it joined in the Yoc-
na expedition under General Grant, arriving at Oxford, Mississippi,
December 3d, having having had heavy skirmishing at Tallahatchie
Bridge and other points along the route. On the 24th of Decem-
ber it arrived at Tallahatchie Bridge, where it remained on short
rations till January 5, 1863, when it left for Lagrange, Tennessee.
On the 20th it arrived at Memphis, remaining there till February
22d, going then to Lake Providence. It remained in this vicinity
till April 18th, when it went to Milliken's Bend. On the 22d the
brigade was reviewed by Governor Yates and staff. On the 25th it
started on the campaign against Vicksburg. On the 1st of May the
124th engaged in its first battle, at Thompson's Hills. It next par-
ticipated in the battles at Raymond, May 12th ; Jackson, May 14th ;
Champion Hills, May 16th, and in the siege of Vicksburg, including
the charge of May 22d and the terrible assault on Fort Hill, June
26th. On the 21st of August it left Vicksburg for the campaign to
Monroe, Louisiana, under General Stephenson, returning September
2d. October 14th to 20th it was with General McPherson in his
Brownsville campaign, and in the battles near that place on the 16th
ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 485
and 17th. In January, 1864, the 124th won a splendid banner pre-
sented by General Leggett to that regiment in his division which
should excel all others in cleanliness in all respects, soldierly appear-
ance, behavior, discipline and drill. This banner was inscribed,
" Excelsior Regiment, 3d Division, 17th Army Corps." On the 3d
of February it joined General Sherman in his famous Meridian raid,
and on the 14th destroyed a trestle bridge at Chunky Station, after
considerable fighting. On the 6th of April it was sent to Vicksburg
for garrison duty. It was next in the Yazoo City expedition under
General Mc Arthur, and on the 7th and 10th of May participated in
the battles near Benton, Mississippi. July 1st to the 9th, it was with
General Slocuni in the expedition to Jackson, and on the 5th and 7th
took part in the sharp fights at Jackson Cross Roads. On the 14th
of October it started on the White River campaign, under General
Dennis. From October 26, 1864, to February 25, 1865, it lay at
Vicksburg, doing provost duty. On the latter date it was ordered
to report to General Canby at New Orleans, and on the 12th of
March left that city on the campaign against Mobile. It bore a gal-
lant part in the siege and capture of Spanish Fort. On the 13th of
April it started on the campaign to Montgomery, Alabama, at which
place it was stationed until the 17th of July, when it started for
home. On the 15th of August, 1865, it was mustered out and paid
off at Chicago. The 124th went into the field with 926 officers and
men, recruited 255, and at its discharge mustered only 400. During
its term of service it traveled by sea and land over 7,000 miles, and
was engaged in fourteen skirmishes, ten battles and two sieges,
being under the fire of the enemy eighty-two days aud sixty nights.
Number killed and died of wounds, 41 ; died of disease, 127; dis-
charged for disability, 149; wounded in action, 129; transferred to
Veteran Reserve Corps, 39 ; transferred for promotion to colored
regiments, 36. For its superiority in drill, discipline and good con-
duct, this regiment was known in the army as the " Bully One
Hundred and Two Dozen."
ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SEVENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 127th regiment was organized at Camp Douglas, Chicago, and
mustered into the service on the 6th of September, 1 862. The fol-
lowing is the original roster:
486 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Colonel, .Toll 11 Vim Ariniui ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Hamilton N. Eldridge; Major,
Frank S. Curtias ; Adjutant, John Van ^rman, Jr. ; Quartermaster, Daniel H. Hale;
Surgeon, Joel K. Gore; 1st Assistant Surg i, A.nson L. Clark; 2d Assistant Sur-
geon, Julius P. Anthony; Chaplain, Jonathan C. Stoughton.
Co. A — Captain, William L. Fowler; 1st Lieutenant, William Walker; 2d Liou-
kenant, William S. Bunn.
Co. I) — Captain, A-doniram J. Burrows ; 1st Lieutenant, John R. Morgan ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Frank J. Woodward.
Co. C — Captain, John S. Riddle ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas Clark ; 2d Lieutenant,
William Warner.
Co. D — Captain, Thomas W. Chandler; 1st Lieutenant, Edgar W. Pike; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Charles M. Libby.
Co. E — Captain, Frank C. Gillette; 1st Lieutenant, James F. Richmond ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Frederick Knight.
Co. F — Captain, Charles Schryver ; 1st Lieutenant, Jeremiah Evarts ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Alfred Darnell.
Co. G — Captain, John S. Williams; 1st Lieutenant, Augustus F. Biggs; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Thomas Sewell.
Co. H — Captain, Lawrence Riley ; 1st Lieutenant, Hiram McClintock ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Joseph S. Berry
Co. I — Captain, Frederick A. Raymond ; 1st Lieutenant, Horace Perry ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Addison A. Keys.
Co. K — Captain, John H. Lowe ; 1st Lieutenant, John B. Moulton ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Edgar Percival.
On the 9th of November, 1862, it started for the field, numbering
887 officers and men, and remained at Memphis until the 2Gth, when
it started on the Tallahatchie campaign, from which it returned to
Memphis December 13th. On the 20th of the same month, the
127th started in company with General Sherman on his Vicksburg
expedition [ Vide Vol. L, p. 435], and on the 28th took part in the
Chickasaw Bayou fight. The regiment was next engaged with
General McClernand in the capture of Arkansas Post [Vol. I., p.
444], being the first regiment to break the enemy's lines and plant
its colors in the rebel rifle pits. After this the 127th was sent to
Young's Point, where it remained till March 10th, when it was sent,
with others, up Steele's Bayou and Deer Creek, to relieve Commo-
dore Porter's gunboat fleet. From this expedition it returned to
Young's Point, and on the 7th of May started on the Grand Gulf
campaign [ Vol. I., p. 461 ], taking part in the battle of Champion
Hills and fighting the enemy into his entrenchments at Vicksburg.
Here it participated in the first assault on the enemy's works, losing
sixty -five men in killed and wounded. The regiment remained here
ONE HUNDEED AND TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY. 487
until the final surrender of Vicksburg, July 4, 1863, [Vol. I., p. 471 ],
and on the day following started with Sherman on his march for
Jackson, and took part in all the battles aud skirmishes incident to
the capture of that place. On the 17th of October, it marched
to the relief of Chattanooga, and afterward to the relief of Burn-
side at Knoxville. On the 1st of May it started on the great Atlanta
campaign, taking prominent part in the battles before Dallas, at Kene-
saw Mountain, and before and around Atlanta. On the 31st of
August and 1st of September were fought the battles of Jonesboro,
in which the 127th was engaged. On the 4th of October it started
on the great campaign against Hood aud Savannah. At Fayetteville,
March 11, 1865, and Bentonville, March 19th, it lost heavily.
The regiment soon after took part in the national review at Wash-
ington, and was one of the four regiments mentioned in General
Orders for accuracy in marching and good discipline. On the 10th
of June, 1865, the regiment reached Chicago for muster-out and
discharge, returning with only 231 men of the 887 who started out
in 1862. Dnring its term of service it marched over 3,000 miles,
and participated in more than a hundred battles.
ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 129th regiment was organized at Pontiac, in September, 1862,
and was composed of men from the following counties. Five com-
panies from Livingston County, four companies from Scott County,
and one company from Rock Island County. The following was the
original roster :
Colonel, George P. Smith ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Henry Case ; Major, Andrew J.
Cropsey ; Adjutant, Philip D. Plattenburg ; Quartermaster, AVilliam C. Gwin ; Sur-
geon, Harvey C. Johns ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Darius Johnson ; 2d Assistant Sur-
geon, William H. Walters ; Chaplain, Thomas Cotton.
Co. A — Captain, John A. Hoskins ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph F. Culver ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John W. Smith.
Co. B — Captain, Samuel T. Walkley ; 1st Lieutenant, George W. Gilcrist; 2d
Lieutenant, Elihu Chilcott.
Co. C — Captain, John B. Perry; 1st Lieutenant, Robert P. Edgington ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Stephen H. Kyle.
Co. D — Captain, Thomas H. Flynn ; 2d Lieutenant, William Birch.
Co. E — Captain, Cyrus N. Baird ; 1st Lieutenant, John F. Blackburn; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Benjamin F. Fitch.
4SS PATRIOTISM OS 1 1. 1. 1XOI8.
Co. F— Captain, Eraatut L Gillham; 1st Lieutenant, (JcorgcW. Ilorton ; 8d Lieu-
tenant, John B. M
Co. •; —Captain, Henry I!. Reed; 1st Lieutenant, Lemuel Morse; 2d Lieutenant,
John P. HcKnight.
Co. H— Captain, George W. Martin.
Co. I — Captain, .lames Edmundaon ; 1st Lieutenant, James F. Crawford ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Joseph W. Coppage.
Co. K — Captain, Wolf 11. Anderson; 1st Lieutenant, James Chapman ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Albert Lamb.
On (he 22d of September, 18G2, it left Pontiae, with 927 officers
and men, and reported at Louisville, Kentucky, and shortly after
started is pursuit of Bragg, advancing as far as Crab Orchard.
From the middle of December, 1863, till the 1st of June, the 129th
guarded the railroad from Bowling Green, Kentucky, to Gallatin,
Tennessee, during which time it had frequent collisions with the
rebels in repelling their attacks on the railroad. From the 1st of
June till the 22d of August it garrisoned Fort Thomas, at Gallatin,
which was threatened by Morgan and his entire command, who ap-
proached to within about eight miles of the work, and then, thinking
discretion the better part of valor, the celebrated horse-thief beat a
retreat. On the 22d of August it took up the line of march for Nash-
ville, and remained there in garrison till the 24th of February, 1864;
then took the line of march for Wauhatchie Valley, arriving about
the middle of March. Previous to this it was assigned to the 1st
Brigade of the 3d Division of the 20th Corps. On May 3d it left
with Sherman's grand army for Atlanta. On the march it partici-
pated in the battles of Resaca, Buzzard's Roost, Lost Mountain,
Dallas, Peach Tree Creek and Atlanta. From the latter place it started
upon " the grand march to the sea," and bore its share in that
and in the subsequent campaign in the Carolinas. It took a con-
spicuous part at Averysboro and Bentonville. At the conclusion of
this campaign the regiment marched to Washington and participated
in the national review there. From thence it proceeded to Chicago,
where it arrived on the 10th of June, 1865, and was mustered out.
ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SEVENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 147th regiment was organized at Camp Fry, Chicago, and
was mustered into service for one year, on the 18th of February,
186^. The following is the original roster:
ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 489
Colonel, Hiram F. Sickles ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Werner W. Bjerg ; Major, Giles
H. Bush; Adjutant, John C. Long; Quartermaster, Joseph Sears; Surgeon, Francis
A. Emmons ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, William R. Adair; 2d Assistant Surgeon, Evert
VanBuren ; Chaplain, Albeit C. Squire.
Co. A — Captain, James H. Reynolds; 1st Lieutenant, Eseck B. Day ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Smith T. Harding.
Co. B — Captain, Frank Clendenin ; 1st Lieutenant, George H. Fay ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William H. H. Jones.
Co. C — Captain, Frank A. Buys; 1st Lieutenant, Lawrence E. Emmons; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George W. Churchill.
Co. D — Captain, Matthew W. Borland; 1st Lieutenant, Edward E. H. Sturtevant ;
2d Lieutenant, Alfred P. Thornton.
Co. E — Captain, Francis A. Darling ; 1st Lieutenant, Denison C. Frisbie ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Jacob N. Martin.
Co. F — Captain, Azro A. Buck ; 1st Lieutenant, Jonathan H. Dow ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, George Gilman.
Co. G — Captain, Abalin C. Bardwell ; 1st Lieutenant, George W. Harkness ; 2d
Lieutenant, Alfred J. Miller.
Co. H — Captain, James Fullis ; 1st Lieutenant, Romeyn A. Dixon ; 2d Lieutenant,
John Collins.
Co. I — Captain, John S. Pratt ; 1st Lieutenant, Albert Snow ; 2d Lieutenant,
Winfield S. Van Horn.
Co. K — Captain, Achille Chiniquy ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles A. Chiniqay ; 2d
Lieutenant, John T. Taylor.
On the 21st of February the regiment was ordered to Nashville,
and thence went to Chattanooga, and thence to Dalton, Georgia.
Until the 25th of March it was stationed in the district of Etowah,
Department of the Cumberland. On the latter date a portion of the
regiment was sent out with a detachment from other regiments, un-
der Major Bash, and at Spring Place had a brisk skirmish with the
rebels. It was subsequently sent out on expeditions to Ringgold
and Pullen's Ferry, having several skirmishes with the enemy. On
the latter expedition it destroyed a flouring mill and captured a lot
of forage. On the 2d of May it moved to Resaca, and on the 12th
General Worferd surrendered his command, numbering about 4,000,
to General Judah, at Kingston, Georgia. This closed hostilities in
that section. June 26th the 147th marched to Calhoun, and on the
27th of July went to Marietta, Georgia, and thence to Macon, and
thence to Albany, where its headquarters were located till October
28th. It was then ordered to Hawkinsville, Georgia, and a month
later was sent to Savannah, where it was mustered out of the service
490 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
on the 20th of January, L866. On the 81st of the same month it
arrived at Cam]. Butler, Springfield, where it received final payment
and discharge.
ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 149th regiment was organized at Camp Butler, and was mus-
tered into the service for one year, on the 11th of February, 1865,
with the following roster :
Colonel, William 0. Kueffner; Lieutenant-Colonel, Alexander G. Hawes ; Major,
Moses M. Warner ; Adjutant, Winfield S. Norcross ; Quartermaster, John Berry ;
Surgeon, Thomas Winston ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Adolphus Green ; 2d Assistant
Surgeon, Samuel D. Mercer.
Co. A — Captain, William E. Wenholz; 1st Lieutenant, James W. Howard; 2d
Lieutenant, Albert A. Van Gieson.
Co. B — Captain, Charles Seitz ; ] st Lieutenant, Rudolph Strenge ; 2d Lieutenant,
Peter Bruscher.
Co. C — Captain, John W. Renshaw ; 1st Lieutenant, Oziel G. Smith ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, David Badgley.
Co. D — Captain, Samuel Schimminger ; 1st Lieutenant, Christian Zimmerman ;
2d Lieuten-ant, Eniil Scheitlin.
Co. E — Captain, Edward Lafferty ; 1st Lieutenant, Wesley Burke; 2d Lieutenant,
William A. McMurtry.
Co. F — Captain, Devrick Lamb ; 1st Lieutenant, Daniel G. Eldridge ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William Bays.
Co. G — Captain, William W. Slaudage ; 1st Lieutenant, James Gilman ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William T. Blythe.
Co. H — Captain, George Bender; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel E. Kcyruer ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Joseph Reith.
Co. I — Captain, John S. Peterson ; 1st Lieutenant, Edward S. French ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Henry Gaty.
Co. K — Captain, George Peters ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry Kissell ; 2d Lieutenant,
George W. Sieber.
This regiment left camp on the 14th of February, and proceeded
to Chattanooga, where it reported to General Steedman. It^vas
here placed along the railroads leading from Chattanooga to Knox-
ville and Atlanta. On the 2d of May it went to Dalton, where it
remained till July 6th. It then went to Atlanta, and on the 26th of
July returned to garrison the 4th sub-district, District of Allatoona,
and was distributed to the important places in that sub-district, with
headquarters at Dalton. Here it remained till it was mustered out,
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH INFANTRY. 491
on the 27th of January, 1866. On the 1 st of February it arrived at
Springfield, where it was paid off and discharged.
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 150th regiment was organized at Camp Butler, and mustered
into service February 14, 1865, for one year. The following is the
original roster :
Colonel, George W. Keener; Lieutenant-Colonel, Charle3 F. Springer; Major,
William R. Prickett ; Adjutant, Chauncey H. Shelton ; Quartermaster, John C.
Pcarce ; Surgeon, Harmon A. Buck ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Joseph M. Jenkins ;
2d Assistant Surgeon, James G. Cox ; Chaplain, William H. Jordan.
Co. A — Captain, John H. Stout; 1st Lieutenant, Clarence D. Perry; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Aug. W. Rodgsrs.
Co. B — Captain, William B. Lawrence ; 1st Lieutenant, William Weaver ; 2d
Lieutenant, William Vangundy.
Co. C — Captain, John V. Bovell ; 1st Lieutenant, Walter S. Brown ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Joseph Hollis.
Co. D — Captain, Hiram B. Vennum ; 1st Lieutenant, William Thompson; 2d
Lieutenant, Richard Carroll.
Co. E — Captain, Lines L. Parker ; 1st Lieutenant, James H. Wells ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Robert Carney.
Co. F — Captain, Moses B. Sloan ; 1st Lieutenant, Sylvester B. Miller ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Jacob Miller.
Co. G — Captain, John W. Swift ; 1st Lieutenant, Harlow Bassell ; 2d Lieutenant,
William M. Smith.
Co. H — Captain, Hiram D. Wilson; 1st Lieutenant, Charles H. West; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Joseph E. Springer.
Co. I — Captain, Walter G. Barnes; 1st Lieutenant, Caleb F. Reynolds ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James M. Stevens.
Co. K — Captain, Allen C. Keyes ; 1st Lieutenant, Daniel C. Deamude ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Alexander Hughes.
The regiment left Camp Butler on the 18th of February, and ar-
rived at Nashville on the 21st. On the 25th it was ordered to
Bridgeport, when it was distributed along the line of the railroad
from Bridgeport to Chattanooga. On the 15th of March it was in-
corporated with the brigade of Prince Felix Salm Salm, Brevet
Brigadier-General and Colonel of the 68th New York volunteers.
On the 25th it was ordered to Cleveland, Tennessee, where the
usual routine of post duty was performed. May 2d it was ordered
to Dalton, Georgia, and on the 8th of July sent to Atlanta. During
the early part of August the brigade was broken up, and this regi-
492 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
in. Mit transferred to the District of Allatoona, where it was detailed
for guard duty. On the 81st of December it was assigned to the
District of Atlanta, where it remained till its muster out, on the 16th
of January, 18G6. On the 25th it arrived at Oamp Butler, where it
received final payment ami discharge. During its term of service
the 15ot h was noticeable for its morality, intelligence and thorough
discipline. Several seasons of religious revival were experienced,
with the happiest results.
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIRST ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The companies composing this regiment were organized at Quincy
between the 16th and 24th of February, 1864, and the regimental
organization was completed at Camp Butler on the 25th. The fol-
lowing is the original roster:
Colonel, French B. Woodall ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Herman W. Snow ; Major,
Silas Battey ; Adjutant, Michael R. Butz ; Quartermaster, James B. Russell; Sur-
geon, Walter D. Stillman ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Frank D Cass ; 2d Assistant Sur-
geon, Frederick Cole ; Chaplain, Daniel S. Altaian.
Co. A — Captain, Harm an Andrews ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph N. McVicker ; 2d
Lieutenant, Harrison Elliott.
Co. B — Captain, Philip Slaughter; 1st Lieutenant, William J. Harroll ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Thomas Header.
Co. C — Captain, George C. Steach ; 1st Lieutenant, James L. Cochran; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Harvey T. Gregg.
Co. D — Captain, Isaac David ; 1st Lieutenant, John M. Yarnell ; 2d Lieutenant,
Carithus Zoll.
Co. E — Captain, Gemenemes Goble; 1st Lieutenant, George R. Carter: 2d Lieu-
tenant, William Howe.
Co. F — Captain, Sylvester S. Newton ; 1st Lieutenant, John E. N. Sparks ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William A. Winsell.
Co. G — Captain, William H. Saunders ; 1st Lieutenant, William Fairman ; 2d
Lieutenant, Daniel Clark.
Co. H — Captain, Thomas J. Heiss ; 1st Lieutenant, Austen J. Werden ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Thomas J. Joseph.
Co. I — Captain, Casimer P. Jackson ; 1st Lieutenant, James Mentooth ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Andrew Galbreth.
Co. K — Captain, John Sutton ; 1st Lieutenant, Robert A. Williams; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Isaac R. Davis.
The regiment left Camp Butler on the 28th of February, 1865,
and reported to General Steedman, at Chattanooga, on the 13th of
March. It was then stationed at Dalton, where it remained till after
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 493
the surrender of Lee, portions of it being sent out at different times,
in pursuit of guerrillas. On the 25th of April Colonel Wood all was
selected by General Steedman as bearer of dispatches to the rebel
General "Wilson, then at Macon, with whom there had been no com-
munication from the North. He returned to General Steedman's
headquarters on the 7th of May, and was sent to Nashville to report
the result of his mission to General Thomas. He returned to his
regiment, at Resaca, on the 11th of May. On the 30th of April the
regiment was sent to Resaca, remaining there till the 12th of May,
when it was present at the surrender, at Kingston, of the rebel
forces in Georgia, under General Wofford. On the 28th of July
it concentrated at Marietta, and was oi*dered thence to Macon, where
it was assigned to guard duty in the District of Columbus, Depart-
ment of Georgia. Here it remained till its muster out, at Columbus,
January 24, 1866. On the 2d of February it arrived at Springfield,
where it was finally paid and discharged. This regiment was com-
posed mainly of experienced soldiers. Colonel Woodall enlisted as
a private soldier in 1861, and won his position as Colonel by his
gallantry and industry.
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-THIRD ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 153d regiment was organized at Camp Fry, Chicago, and
mustered into service for one year, on the 27th of February, 1865.
The following is the original roster :
Colonel, Stephen Bronson ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Louis Schaffner ; Major, John A.
Wilson ; Adjutant, John Gilman ; Quartermaster, Moses A. Thayer ; Surgeon, Wil-
liam R. Adair ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Henry T. Cheesebrough ; 2d Assistant Sur-
geon, Amos Scott ; Chaplain, James B. Jackson.
Co. A — Captain, Giles D. Walker ; 1st Lieutenant, John Steele ; 2d Lieutenant,
Luther C. Lawrence.
Co. B — Captain, William G. Billings ; 1st Lieutenant, James A. Landon ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Daniel S. Litzer.
Co. C — Captain, Edward C. Lovell ; 1st Lieutenant, Michael J. Dunne; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Oliver P. Chesholm.
Co. D — Captain, Samuel J. Tompkins; 1st Lieutenant, Warren D. M. Coon ; 2d
Lieutenant, Alonzo W. Fuller.
Co. E — Captain, Adam W. Wheeler ; 1st Lieutenant, Donald Nicholson ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Zina Ward.
Co. F — Captain, Enos Turner ; 1st Lieutenant, James N. Johnson ; 2d Lieutenant,
Aaron Rushebacker.
494: PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Co. G — Captain, Jonathan E. Brown; 1st Lieutenant, Alanson Fainham; 2d
■iaiit, Fernando 0, Brown.
Co. II — Captain, Samuel H. Judd ; 1st Lieutenant, Edson C. Howard; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Charles E. Simmons.
Co. I— Captain, Charles Bronson ; 1st Lieutenant, Philip Carr ; 2d Lieutenant,
Jacob F. Glenn.
Co. K — Captain, Charles H. Hitchcock ; 1st Lieutenant, John H. Payne ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William R. Colburn.
The 153d left Chicago on the 4th of March, and proceeded to
Tullahoma and reported to General Milroy. Here the regiment won
the wannest commendations from the commanding Generals for the
efficiency it attained in drill. On the 30th of June it was ordered
to Memphis. Here it remained till mustered out, on the 3d day of
September, to date September 21st. On the 18th of September it
arrived at Springfield, and on the 24th received final payment and
discharge.
Colonel Stephen Bronson was connected with recruiting for the
12th Illinois Cavalry in 1861, for which he raised a company at his
own expense. He proved himself a gallant soldier and efficient
officer, and was promoted Major. At the surrender of Harper's
Ferry he led the advance of the column which cut its way through
the rebel lines. He commanded the regiment the greater part of
the time during the famous Stoneman raid. When the hundred-day
regiments were raised, he was chosen Colonel of the 141st, which
position he filled with credit to 'himself and the service. He was
brevetted a Brigadier-General for gallant and meritorious services.
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 155th regiment was organized at Camp Butler, and was mus-
tered into the one year's service, on the 28th of February, 1865,
numbering 904 men. The original roster was as follows :
Colonel, Gustavus A. Smith ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Joseph B. Berry ; Major, John
H. J. Lacv ; Adjutant, William L. Warning ; Quartermaster, Napoleon B. Walker ;
Surgeon, Russell J. Collins; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Clark K. Hendee ; 2d Assistant
Surgeon, Otto Kuoblock ; Chaplain, John Hamilton.
Co. A — Captain, Jacob B. Yeagley ; 1st Lieutenant, George Schuerman ; 2d
Lieutenant, Christopher Snyder.
Co. B — Captain, George W. Richards ; 1st Lieutenant, Edward Herrick ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William Trainer.
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. 495
Co. C — Captain, John W. Lowber ; 1st Lieutenant, Ross Neely ; 2d Lieutenant,
Marshall C. Wood.
Co. D — Captain, Charles J. Peshall ; 1st Lieutenant, John Reddick ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James Lewis.
Co. E — Captain, Isaac 0. Leger ; 1st Lieutenant, Ephraim Beasly ; 2d Lieutenant,
Samuel Mitchell.
Co. F — Captain, William Anderson ; 1st Lieutenant, Whitfield N. Alley ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John A. Souther.
Co. G — Captain, Edmond L. Wells; 1st Lieutenant, John Miller.
Co. H — Captain, Tilmon Sherley ; 1st Lieutenant, Absalom A. Lasater ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John Coker.
Co. I — Captain, David Glenn ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry T. Jones ; 2d Lieutenant,
Samuel Gerard.
Co. K — Captain, Thomas F. Scott ; 1st Lieutenant, George W. Hobbs ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James D. Smith.
On the 2d of March the regiment left camp for Nashville, whence
it proceeded to Tullahoma. Here it remained, perfecting itself in
drill, until the 17th of June, when it was divided into small detach-
ments, and distributed along the line of the Nashville and Chatta-
nooga Railroad. It was engaged in this duty until September 4th,
when it was mustered out of the service, at Murfreesboro. On the
17th it arrived at Springfield, where it was paid off and discharged.
CHAPTER XXIX.
INCIDENT— PERSONAL.
Operations on the Gulf — Hurlbct — Bravman — GrBlKRSOB — Osband — Chetlain—
Colonel Bowers.
THE magnitude of the operations of Grant and Sherman eclipsed
the real importance of later movements in the Gulf States.
The operations of Canby were of vital importance to the consumma-
tion of the Union triumph. With him were such Illinoisans as
Grierson, McArthur, Lippencott, Renaker, Lawler, Bush, Moor,
Fonda, Osband, and in the weary marches and gallant fighting of
that army they, with their commands, maintained the honor and
brightened the record of the Prairie State.
.Major-General Hurlbut was for some time in command of the
Department of the Gulf and, surrounded by vexatious difficulties,
he won confidence and esteem and reduced the troubled elements to
order. General Banks had not met expectation either as a military
Governor or Field Marshal. When Hurlbul was placed in command
it was understood that the arrangement was temporary, and that
General Banks would soon return and resume his command. Hence
General Hurlbut was embarrassed in laying down a policy. A
newspaper correspondent says :
" His command was deemed to be temporary, and his presence of
no special consequence. As the Jews look for the coming Messiah,
so in some senses have the people of this city, in part, looked for
the coming of General Banks. But, like the Jews, they have looked
in vain. Eight months have passed, and still the elegant mansion*
* An elegant house reserved and kept in complete order for General Banks when
he should return.
G/t, /
A7/i^utsisL>
HURLBUT IN NEW ORLEANS. 497
remains untenanted. Still the sentry challenges the visitor who,
prompted by curiosity, approaches that seat of former splendor and
fashionable and showy resort ; but its former occupant comes not.
At last the public mind begins to settle down in the belief that he
will not come, and that, after all, the ' Sucker General,' and, as
remarked by a member of the New Orleans bar in our hearing,
' respectable member of the Illinois Legislature,' is the permanent
commander of the Department of the Gulf.
" Perhaps, under all the circumstances, this delay, this blasted
expectation, has been of great advantage to General Hurlbut.
" Without the annoyance of subservient and deceitful rebels, who
swarm all over this city — without being overwhelmed with foolish
and unmeaning sycophancy and ceremony — without being feasted
and flattered by designing financial schemers, brainless demagogues,
and fashionable fools, he has been enabled to quietly set himself down
to the task of unraveling the endless complications of this department,
and comprehending fully and perfectly the questions which have
been so much discussed here and at Washington. The keen percep-
tive faculties of the General, with his long legal and military train-
ing, and his perfect knowledge of Southern habits, manners, and
modes of thought, have rendered the task more easy than to a North-
ern man; and it is simple justice to him to say, that he is now
' master of the situation.' No man, perhaps, in the United States so
fully understands the social, political and labor questions of this
department, as does General Hurlbut. Of this fact the whole popu-
lation here have at last become conscious."
He certainly displayed a rare executive ability, and his adminis-
tration was eminently wise and efficient.
The same correspondent thus refers to another gallant Illinois
officer of whom mention has been made :
" Brigadier-General Mason Bray man, lately in command at Natchez
and Vidalia, has been ordered to this city, and made President
of a commission to examine and report on the vast accumulation of
claims here since the coming of Major-General Butler. It is a post
of great responsibility, and the General is in good health and hard
at work. His command at Natchez was eminently successful and
satisfactory to Generals Canby and Dana; but being the subordinate
32
498 PATSIOTI8M OF n.uv
i I General Davidson, who seems doomed to trouble wherever he
. from some cause, determined to supersede General Brayman in
the command of NTatohez, and reinstate Colonel Baxrar, who had
been relieved bj the General. General Brayman was assigned to
tlic < mand of a handful of troops at Vidalia, the seal of ji
for Concordia Parish, Louisiana, directly opposite Natchez. No
quarters were assigned him, and lor some (lays he and Mrs. Bray-
man and their little daughter were driven to take shelter on the
United States gunboal Benton. The General's stay at Vidalia was
rei dered most uncomfortable by the petulant, spiteful cour
<; neral Davidson who, it appears, <m taking command of the Dis-
trict of Natches, fell into strange hauls for a Union officer. Parties
who had been banished for flagrant disloyalty, confined in prison,
refused admission to our lines, and others of most questionable
character, are dominant now in Natchez, and genuine loyalty is no
recommendation. I do not question the loyalty of General David-
son, hut it does appear that being governed by his hot temper sad
personal dislikes, he has done many improper things, and fallen into
very bad hands indeed. The best and most devoted Union people
around Natches are subjected to reproach and indignities from rebel
men and women who ought not to he allowed a domicile inside the
lines of military occupation.
" General Davidson has received a severe rebuke in the order of
General Canby assigning General Brayman to his present highly
honorable and important position ; and it is rumored that General
Dana is looking sharply into affairs at Natchez. It is to he hoped
that loyalty there may yet be vindicated."
Major- General B. II. Grierson has been among the most note-
worthy of the illustrious officers of the state. He is of Scotch-Irish
lineage, and was horn in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, July 8, 1826, but
at the commencement of the war, was resident in Jacksonville, and
wished to enter the service in a company raised there, and hastened
to Cairo, and was rejected — the company was full. Governor Yates
sent him on a special message to General Prentiss, who was so im-
pressed with his capacity as to place him upon his staff, with the
rank of captain, but from some reason there was never such confirma-
tion of the arrangement as to secure him any pay for six months,
except a trifle from a special fund for special service.
GENERAL GRIERSON. 499
October 1, 1861, he was commissioned Major of the 6th Illinois
cavalry, but remained on General Prentiss' staff until December 1st,
when he joined his regiment, and at once manifested his rare power
as an officer of cavalry.
An article in the U. S. Service Magazine, gives a sketch of his
services, which is here reproduced, somewhat condensed :
" In March, 1862, the 6th Illinois cavalry, proceeding to join Gen-
eral Grant at Pittsburg Landing, being armed only with rusty sa-
bers, was stopped at Paducah, Kentucky, and officers and men
chafed — like ' our army in Flanders.' 'On what a slender thread '
hang men's destinies. Within three weeks, Governor Yates, then
on his way to General Grant at Shiloh, tendered to Major Gricrson,
the lieutenant-colonelcy of another regiment. Grierson promptly
declined, preferring to remain junior major where he was known,
to taking a higher grade among strangers, and doing injustice, per-
haps, to deserving officers in that organization. Soon afterward he
called on Governor Yates to bid him farewell. Ashe was about to
leave the boat the Governor detained him, and, taking him to the
rear of the cabin, introduced him to a party of ladies and officers as
Colonel Grierson. This was the first intimation he had that, at the
request of every officer of his regiment except the lieutenant-colonel,
he had been appointed colonel, the former incumbent having re-
signed.
" Early in the summer of 1862, he was ordered with his regiment
to Memphis, Tennessee, and here was opened the first adequate field
for his peculiar dash and enterprise. Northern Mississippi and West
Tennessee were full of bodies of rebel troops, large and small, plun-
dering, conscripting, breaking lines of communication, sometimes
even threatening Memphis. Upon these bands, Grierson pounced
like a hawk. Keen, vigilant, alert — swift in conception and prompt
in execution — never waiting for daylight when night hinted success
— moving to and fro with a celerity which seemed to partake of the
marvelous — striking right and left with a dash and vigor which was
quite a new thing among Federal cavalry — he soon thoroughly dis-
gusted Jackson, Richardson, Chalmers, and others, who had previ-
ously ridden about at their pleasure. Hernando, Cold Water, Ger-
mantown, the Loosehatchie, and scores of other fields witnessed the
BOO PATRIOTISM "I M. i iv
prowess of his command, and attested Ins possession of one among
the highest attributes of the soldier, the faculty of achieving success
with Blight loss. On one occasion, while al dinner with about forty
men, some seventeen miles from Memphis, he was surprised by over
four hundred of the enemy. His men were dismounted, and there
was no suspioion of danger. But there was as little intention of
surrender. Taking to the fences and whatever other cover was at
hand, they fought obstinately and with deadly effect. Astonished
at their audacity, the rebels hesitated, and Colonel Grierson having
succeeded in mounting eighteen of his men, put himself at their
head and led a charge. More than ever astounded, the rebels broke
and began to fly, and the sudden approach of Major Stacy, with a
hundred men of Grierson's command, who had proceeded by another
road, completed the panic, and they fled from the field in dismay.
Ten to one ! It reads like romance, but it is sober, literal truth.
" On November 26, 1862, he left Memphis with his regiment in
advance of General Sherman's corps, then making a part of Gene-
ral Grant's army in the forward movement of that winter, which
was balked by the disgraceful surrender of Holly Springs. For fifty
days, through swamp and morass and thicket, in cold and rain, these
troopers were scarcely out of the saddle, making in that time an
overland trip to Helena, Arkansas, to communicate with General
Steele, and being the only troops who inflicted any serious injury
upon Van Dorn after his capture of Holly Springs, hanging with
tireless tenacity upon his rear — fighting him at every opportunity —
following him in his circuit through Tennessee and back into Mis-
sissippi, and reluctantly giving up the pursuit only under positive
orders far down in the latter state.
" After his return from this pursuit, Grierson was placed in com-
mand of a brigade, and stationed at La Grange, Tennessee, Avhence
he struck frequent blows, always with his old dash and elan / atone
time surprising the rebel Colonel Richardson, killing and wounding
thirty of his men, and capturing forty, Colonel R. being himself
among the wounded, together with all his camp equipage, a large
amount of ammunition, arms, horses, wagons, etc., without losing a
man.
" Early in April, 1863, Colonel Grierson received from General
GENERAL GRIERSON. 501
Grant, then feeling Vicksburg, through General Hurlbut, informal
permission to carry into execution a plan which Colonel Grierson
had long before suggested and still anxiously cherished — that of
making a long raid into Mississippi, cutting railways, telegraphs and
bridges, and, more especially, destroying rebel communication with
Vicksburg. Brief time for preparation needed the Colonel and his
eager troops; and on the 17th of April they set out on an expedi-
tion which proved one of the most remarkable of modern times,
and which was but repeated on a grander scale in Sherman's great
' march to the sea.' Through seventeen days of incessant marching
and dodging and fighting, over eight hundred miles of hostile ter-
ritory, swarming with active enemies, seeking night and day to com-
pass their destruction, these nine hundred heroic troopers (the largest
regiment having been detached for other purposes ) followed their
unflinching leader, tearing up railways, cutting telegraphs, doing
millions of dollars of damage to the enemy, carrying dismay to the
astonished foe everywhere, and greeting with wild shouts and the
blare of the Northwestern bugle their even more astonished friends
at Baton Rouge. Well might General Grant say of Grierson, that
he was the first to set the example of cutting loose from his base of
supplies, and that he knew ' how to subsist on the country.'*
" From this time until July, 1863, he co-operated with General
Banks before and during the siege of Port Hudson, rendering ser-
vice without which, as General Banks has virtually said, it had been
questionable if that campaign could have been carried to so success-
ful a termination — taking with him, when he left, the thanks of the
Nineteenth Army Corps, published in general orders.
" On June 3, 1863, he was appointed a brigadier-general of vol-
unteers, and, after the fall of Vicksburg, met General Grant at that
point (who warmly approved his past course), and very soon re-
ported to General Hurlbut, at Memphis, who at once placed him in
command of the cavalry of the Sixteenth Army Corps. Here again
his services were, as they had been before, marked by singular
promptness and decision, and signal success, and were too varied to
admit of any thing like recapitulation here.
" In the expedition under General W. S. Smith, which left Mem-
*See Volume I., p. 364.
502 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
phis with Chepurpi Be of jojuing General Sherman at or near Merid-
ian, Mississippi, on his greal raid across that state, Grierson held
subordinate command, and is mentioned in the highest terms by
General Smith in his official report.
" In progress of time General Sherman assumed command of the
armies about Nashville and Chattanooga, and, as a part of the com-
prehensive plans then being begun by Generals Grant and Sherman,
it became necessary to do something to hold Forrest in West Ten-
nessee, away from Sherman's communications. From some un-
known reason, the command of the expedition from Memphis, or-
ganized for that purpose, was withheld from General Grierson, and
General Sturgis was sent by General Sherman to take command. The
latter officer characterized General Sturgis as 'a clever and excellent
cavalry leader.' Whether he would have done so six months later,
quien sabe ? Only another illustration, however, of how even great
men may be mistaken. The expedition started, and, after ten days
of almost incessant rain, reached Ripley, Mississippi, with its great
train of two or three hundred wagons. Here General Grierson pre-
dicted that disaster would inevitably follow a further advance in that
way, and vehemently protested against such action. All in vain !
The advance was ordered, and the result was a defeat as signal as
was possible in the nature of things. The infantry were totally ex-
hausted by long, laborious marching, and the only fighting of couse-
quence done was by Grierson's cavalry, or under his direction, and
he was the only general officer who came out. of the campaign with
credit.
" Notwithstanding all these facts were patent and undeniable,
when a second expedition against Forrest was organized, the com-
mand was still withheld from Grierson and given to Major-General
A. J. Smith, who, however, was a practical and earnest soldier.
Arrived at Pontotoc, nearly in front of the enemy, Grierson advised
a flank movement to a point at or near Tupelo, on the Mobile and
Ohio Railroad. General Smith, though inclined to doubt that the
rebels would attack as Grierson predicted, took the advice as coming
from a man who knew the whole country round about, and made the
movement, and took the position suggested. Daylight the next
morning witnessed the attack as General Grierson had anticipated,
ON A KAID. 503
and the result was the utter and overwhelming defeat and rout of
the entire rebel force.
" Some time during the fall of 1864, Brevet Major-General Wil-
son came "West, assigned to the command of all the cavalry in the
Military Division of Mississippi, and immediately assumed supreme
control, designating certain troops in the vicinity of Memphis as the
'Fourth Division,' and assigning General Grierson to the command,
with special instructions, on November 6, 1864. The invasion of
Missouri by General Price had drawn more than half of Grierson's
command to that state, whence portions had drifted into Kansas, and
General Washburne, then commanding at Memphis, naturally re-
fused to give up those left at that point. General Grierson was
senior in rank, except the brevet, to General Wilson, but cheerfully
began action, to carry out as promptly as possible General Wilson's
instructions. Nevertheless, on the 13th of December, without as-
signing any cause, General Wilson suddenly relieved him of com-
mand. Dux (like poeta) nascltur non jit. Nevertheless, General
Dana retained General Grierson in command of all his cavalry, then
organized for an important expedition, and accordingly, on Decem-
ber 21, 1864, with detachments from twelve regiments, numbering
about thirty-five hundred men, after weeks of incessant rain, against
heavy roads and swollen streams, he moved out from Memphis
toward the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. Notwithstanding the ter-
rible condition of the roads, such was the energy and celerity of the
movement, that, thirty miles below the Tallahatchie River, they met
and captured a rebel lieutenant on his way with a squad of men to
burn the bridge over that stream. Striking their objective, the rail-
road, first at Booneville, they destroyed it at short intervals for fif-
ty-six miles, to a point south of Egypt, destroying at Verona im-
mense quantities of munitions of war, and large numbers of wagons
loaded with supplies for Hood's army in Tennessee — these wagons
being the same captured from General Sturgis during the preceding
summer — attacked and defeated a rebel force of two thousand at
Egypt, capturing the entire garrison of the stockade, a detachment,
during the fight, moving around the station and tearing up the rail-
way three miles below, preventing the arrival of two trains of rein-
forcements from Mobile — swept over to the Mississippi Central
PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Railway al Winona, destroying thai road from Grenada to a point
Dear the Big Black River, together with locomotives, rolling stock,
immense quantities of supplies, munitions of war, and other < lonfed-
pr 'p rty, and, after an average march of four hundred and
fifty miles, reaching the Mississippi again at Vicksburg, with more
than si\ hundred prisoners, on January 5, 1805. Very justly wrote
General Washburne, in a note of thai <late to General Grierson,
■ins thai when you are the ranking officer, something can be
done.1 Here, as always, he gave all the eredit to his officers i nd
men.
" In the following month lie was ordered to Washington, made
major-general by brevet (the Senate going into executive si
especially to make the confirmation), and sent, to General Canby to
take command of all the cavalry in his military division, and in this
post organized the cavalry for all practicable use againsl Mobile and
for subsequent service. General Grant, in his letter to General
Canby, advising him of this assignment, among other expressions of
confidence, said: ' Grierson has been a uniformly successful cavalry
1 sader. * * * I do not think I could have sent you a better
man to command your cavalry on an expedition to the interior of
Alabama.
" After the fall of Mobile, General Grierson organized a force of
nearly five thousand cavalry at Blakcly, and started on an overland
ride to join Sherman and Grant. Near Eufaula, Alabama, he was
met by intelligence of the Sherman-Johnston truce, and at that
point, on the line between Alabama and Georgia, he remained until
the final collapse in the East, and then, instead of seeking to make a
part of the grand pageant at Washington, turned promptly west-
ward in search of Dick Taylor, all there was left of the rebellion
east of the Mississippi. Marching via Montgomery — feeding the
destitute as he went — he reached Columbus, Mississippi, to find,
after his long ride of seven hundred miles, that this part of the re-
bellion had collapsed. From here he was ordered to New Orleans
to prepare a force for Texas, but when he was ready, this, too, had
collapsed. The war was over; and he who, during four years, had
marched over ten thousand miles of hostile territory, and fought
through more than a hundred battles and skirmishes, now asked to
CONFEDERACY A SHELL. 505
be ordered home to stay; but he was retained in service, and soon
afterward settled down to the command of the ' Northern District
of Alabama,' with headquarters at Huntsville in that state, where,
to use his own words, ' the military played " second fiddle " to the
civil authority of ex-rebel, now Provisional Governors.' His ad-
ministration of affairs at that post was marked throughout by great
temperance, forbearance, and firmness, seeking to do ' equal and
exact justice to all men,' and especially careful to protect as well as
restrain that modern institution, the colored soldier. Finally, on
January 15, 1866, he was mustered out in orders, with many others,
and sinks as quietly into common life as if he had never worn a bar
— much less two stars.
" If success be proof of ability in a commander, then beyond all
question, Grierson ' has made out his case.' He was in the army in
different capacities for nearly five years, and whether as aid to Gen-
eral Prentiss, leading a raid at the head of sixteen men through a
hundred miles of Missouri in 1861 — cleaving his way with the sword
from the Ohio to the Gulf far in advance of all others — leading five
thousand cavalry through the heart of Alabama and Mississippi —
commanding a district within the trying precincts of a scotched re-
bellion— at all times he has been unvaryingly successful. Whenever
he had command there was never a single failure, and where he was
subordinate, he has contributed largely to victory, or wrested laurels
from the jaws of defeat. What other military leader can as truth-
fully say the same ? Of what he would have done with a larger
force, we can only judge by his perfect success in all stations, from
the command of a battalion to that of all the cavalry of a great
military division.
" Of the clear, far-sighted character of his mind, one illustration
will suffice. In a public speech at New Orleans, after his celebrated
raid through Mississippi, he gave definite expression to the opinion
that the boasted Confederacy was ' a mere shell ' — hollow and with-
out consistence — a fact which that raid, no less than Sherman's great
march, amply demonstrated, and the identical expression of opinion
which, long afterward, on General Grant's lips became world-fa-
mous. He saw it then. How many of us were as clear-sighted in
the spring of 1863?
506 PATRIOTISM DF M.r.lN
"General Grierson is tall and blender — his skin Lb quite dark —
hair and beard 'black as ilic wing of the night raven,' and ey<
clear dark hazeL Though slender, his figure is compact, sinewy and
grac ful, and, though he does not look robust, his tough physique
and his will of iron enable him to endure great hardship, as was
proven in the summer of 1863, when, though painfully lame from
the kick of u horse, he stuck to his duly on crutches until perempto-
rily ordered North for rest by General llurlbut. Always genial, un-
assuming, and genuinely modest, he is one of the few officers taken
from civil life whom shoulder-straps have not made fools of, and not
one of the million 'soldiers of the Republic' could lay aside twin
stars with a clearer conscience or better grace than he.
" Since the preceding sketch was written, General Grierson has
been appointed a full Major-General of volunteers, to date from the
27th of May, 1865, and the order mustering him out of service as a
Brigadier and Brevet Major-General revoked ; and still more recent-
ly he has been ordered to be mustered out in his new grade."
Among the gallant cavalry leaders, who figured on the Lower
Mississippi was Brevet Brigadier-General E. D. Osband, ordinarily
known as Ned Osband, who died of brain fever, September 4, 1866,
on his plantation in Mississippi, aged about thirty-four years. The
Tribune, says :
"In 1861, he entered the service as Lieutenant in Barker's Dra-
goons, which served under McClellan in West Virginia. He soon
after raised and became Captain of Company A, 4th Illinois Cavalry.
He was conspicuous in the Army of the Tennessee as Chief of Gene-
ral Grant's cavalry escort — a position which he retained during ail
the campaigns from Belmont to the fall of Vicksburg. General
Grant's attachment to him was manifested on more than one occa-
sion, and especially when, having been assigned to a higher com-
mand in the Eastern Department, he offered Osband a desirable
position near him. Osband remained behind, however, to recruit
and organize the 3d Colored Cavalry, of which he became Colonel.
He was joined in this undertaking by a number of his comrad' 8 of
the 4th Cavalry, particularly those of his own company which had
been on duty as escort. The cavalry regiment which he organized
became, under him, and with the excellent officers whom he had
GENERAL OSBAND, 50'7
selected, especially Lieutenant-Colonel Jerry Cook, one of the most
efficient bodies of men in the army, and was more than once compli-
mented in general orders for its gallantry in action. Under the
orders of Major-General Dana, his genius for organization and disci-
pline was brought to bear, in the autumn of 1864, upon an inert mass
of several regiments of cavalry lying at Vicksburg, of which, from
the sickness incident to badly located camps, from insufficient equip-
ment, and from mismanagement, hardly three hundred men were fit
for duty. He earned the commendation of his superior officer by
speedily improving the condition and morale of these troops, and
the result was that he was placed in active command of them as a
brigade. It soon realized the soldierly ideal of cavalry, in its rapid
movements, daring onsets, and thorough subordination in all circum-
stances. General Osband's career as commander in independent
operations here began. The records of his raids and fights, while
acting under the orders of General Canby and the commanders in
Mississippi and West Tennessee, will be a brilliant chapter in the
history that is yet to be written of campaigns in the latter days of
the rebellion. Radiating from Vicksburg, Memphis and Natchez,
from September, 1864, to April, 1865, he from time to time swept
the interior country on either side of the river for hundreds of
miles, with forces of oavalry varying from 1,000 to 5,000 men, engag-
ing the enemy many times, and suffering no defeat or disaster.
Hood's movement westward and northward, and the movement of a
considerable portion of Kirby Smith's troops toward the river dur-
ing that winter, was the occasion of giving ample employment to our
cavalry. Its duty was to keep the river clear of rebel batteries., to
destroy railroads in the interior, to destroy depots of supplies,' to
clear out guerrilla bands and spies, and to engage such rebel forces
as might be found. The figure of Osband engaged in this service
must linger in the memory of many a soldier as the impersonation of
energy, vigilance, and activity. With the habitual air of a man
used to the necessity of prompt and inflexible decisions, with keen
apprehension and fertility of expedients apparent in eye and speech,
with a power of endurance whose limit seemed never to be reached,
with readiness to command, and with the consciousness of the esteem
of his commanding officer and the devotion of his men, ' Ned ' Osband
508 PATxuoneu qf [lldtoib.
moved and Beemed to be, ae be really was, every inch a General.
Of the results of his almost incessant active service during that
eventful year, it is unnecessary i<> speak further than thai the) wore
abundant in prisoners, trophies, and valuable captures, Early in
1865, he was made Brigadier-General by brevet. He left the service
soon after the final surrender. In the fall he engaged in planting in
the Y.-iz'io country, gathering around him a number of his former
officers and men.
" Without detracting from the distinction achieved by other cavalry-
men whom the country has honored, it may be justly said that Gene-
ral Osband possessed, in an extraordinary degree, those qualities
which contribute to success in the most difficult branch of the mili-
tary service, and which would have ultimately won him a renown
second to that of* few others."
As commander at Memphis Brevet Major-General A. L. Chetlain
filled an important position, and was invested with serious responsi-
bilities. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri, December 26, 1826,
of French-Swiss parents, who removed subsequently to the lead
mines in the vicinity of Galena. After receiving a liberal English
education, the son engaged in mercantile business in Galena in 1859.
Nine years later he sold out and went to Europe, remaining nearly
on i year, returning he engaged actively as a supporter of Mr. Lin-
coln in the contest of 1860.
Mr. Lincoln tendered him the appointment of Consul to Leipsic,
but war came and he enlisted, aided in raising a company, and was
elected its Captain. When the 12th Infantry Avas organized Gover-
nor Y'Ues commissioned him its Lieutenant-Colonel. In September,
1861, he was placed by General C. F. Smith in command of Smith-
land, Kentucky, where he remained until January, 1862, when he
rejoined his regiment and accompanied it, with General Smith, in
the campaign up Tennessee River. At Fort Donelson he commanded
the 12th, which held the extreme right of the line, and acquitted
itself with great gallantry, losing heavily in killed aud wounded.
For gallant conduct he was promoted to be Colonel of the 12th.
He commanded the 12th at Shiloh, where it lost about one fourth of
its number in killed and wounded, including several officers, and
again at Corinth where it made a brilliant fight against heavy odds,
CHETLAJN — BOWERS. 509
and received honorable mention from its brigade commander, Gene-
ral Oglesby. He was pnt in command of Corinth where he remained
until May, 1862. Upon being relieved, General G. M. Dodge com-
plimented, in general orders, his faithfulness and efficiency.
While here he assisted actively in raising the first regiment of
colored troops organized in the West north of New Orleans, after-
ward known as the 55th regiment United States colored troops. He
early believed that black men could fight and must fight before the
war could close.
In December, 1863, he received his well won promotion to be
Brigadier-General, and, at General Grant's suggestion, the War
Department placed him in charge of the organization of colored
troops in Tennessee. In the summer of 1864, Kentucky was
added to his field. In January, 1865, he had in bis charge 17,000
colored troops, and of this number one brigade did heroic fighting
at Nashville. For his efficiency in this department he received the
rank of Major-General by brevet.
General Lorenzo Thomas, Adjutant-General United States army,
in the summer of 1865, when making his general report to the War
Department, speaks of General Chetlain as follows : " Brigadier-
General Chetiain reported to me and I assigned him as Superintend-
ent of recruiting service in West Tennessee, and afterward in
the entire State. He proved a most valuable officer, for I found him
to possess both intelligence and zeal, with a rare qualification for the
organization of troops. He never failed in any duty he was assigned
either as Superintendent or as an Inspector, to which latter duty I
assigned him, and I am gratified that he was subsequently rewarded
by a Brevet Major- General." From January to October, 1865, he
commanded the post and defenses of Memphis. From October,
1865, to February, 1866, he commanded the District of Talladega,
Alabama; subsequently he was honorably mustered out, thus closing
an honorable and highly meritorious service under the banner of
the country.
After the close of the war, the public was startled by the announce-
ment of the sudden death on Tuesday, May 6, 1863, of Brevet
Colonel Theodore S. Bowers, United States Army, Assistant
Adjutant-General to Lieutenant- General Grant, who lost his life at
510 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Garrison's Station in attempting to get on t lie cars while in motion.
He waa born in Pennsylvania, October 10, 1832, but was resident
from boyhood in Mount Oarmel, Illinois. When the war came he
waa editing the Register, but determined to enter the service upon
the reception of the intelligence of the defeat at Bull Run.
" He commenced recruiting a company immediately, was enrolled
at Mount Oarmel, September 1, 1861, and mustered into the service
a private in Company G, 48th Regiment Illinois Infantry Volun-
teers at Camp Butler, Illinois, October 25, 1861, to serve for three
years. He declined the captaincy of the company he had mainly
raised, in consequence of the taunts of his former political associ-
ates, that he entered the service for its offices and emoluments, and
resolved to shame them by setting an example of disinterested patri-
otism.
" His regiment was soon ordered to Cairo, Illinois, and private
Bowers detailed and sent back on recruiting service. While away
from his regiment, Captain Rawlins, Assistant Adjutant-General to
Brigadier-General Grant, needed clerical assistance in his office, and
was advised by Colonel Haynie to detach Private Bowers. On his
return this was done, and thenceforward his name became identified
with the most glorious pages of his country's history.
" The order detaching him from his regiment as a clerk at Gene-
ral Grant's headquarters is dated January 25, 1862. He went into
the field in this capacity, followed the General to Forts Henry and
Donelson, and was commissioned 1st Lieutenant of his Company
March 24, 1862, having again waived its captaincy in favor of the
Lieutenant who had accompanied and commanded it. Lieutenant
Bowers was made aide-de-camp to General Grant in orders, April
26, 1862, but his duties were in reality those of an acting A. A. G.,
as the business of the command had become too onerous for the
single labor of Major Rawlins.
" He was appointed Captain and Aid-de-camp, November 1, 1862.
" On the somewhat celebrated Tallahatchie Expedition, Captain
Bowers was left at Holly Springs, in charge of the office work and
official papers of the department, while the general headquarters
were in advance at Oxford. He was surprised and captured at
early dawn of the day the rebel General Van Dorn made his famous
BOWERS A COLONEL. 511
raid on, that place, aud, by his great presence of mind, was enabled
to destroy and secrete the most valuable papers in his charge, during
the few seconds of time that the bold riders consumed in parleying
with the guard who paced in front of his door. When his captors
overpowered the sentry, and rushed into his room, the flames were
consuming the official report of the location and strength of every
regiment in the department. Their discomfiture was complete. No
papers of importance were captured, and the rebels probably never
knew how narrowly a prize had escaped them. He refused all
offers of parole, and, when threatened late in the day with being
dragged off by ropes at the heels of their exultant squadrons,
proudly defied them to do their worst, and declared he would never
disgrace himself and his general by accepting a parole that must
bind him for an indefinite period, when he knew that assistance was
near at hand. By some unaccountable oversight, he was allowed to
escape from his guard in the afternoon, aud was left free in the
streets by the hastily retreating rebels. For his conduct on this
occasion, he was presented with a handsome dress sword by Gene-
ral Grant's own hands, and received the thanks and congratulations
of that distinguished chief.
" Captain Bowers was appointed Judge Advocate for the Depart-
ment of the Tennessee, with the rank of Major, February 19, 1863.
" When Lieutenant-Colonel Rawlins was made Brigadier-General
and Chief of Staff to General Grant after the surrender of Vicks-
burg, Major Bowers was appointed Assistant Adjutant-General in
his stead, and discharged its duties "well and faithfully" to the
day of his death.
"He was brevetted Colonel of Volunteers, "for faithful and mer-
itorious service," February 24, 1865, which ended his promotion in
that line of the service.
"Until 1864, Colonel Bowers held no commission in the regular
army. Anticipating the close of the war, and the consequent mus-
ter out of all volunteer officers, General Grant had Colonel Bowers
appointed Captain and Assistant Quartermaster U. S. A., July 29,
1864, transferred to the Adjutant-General's branch of the service,
with the rank of Major U. S. A., January 6, 1865, by which he was
enabled to retain his services for life.
512 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
"His fin:il promotions to be Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel U. S.
A., by brevet, 'for gallant and meritorious Bervices during the
war,1 arc dated March L8, 1865, ami close the official record of his
brilliant promotions. History furnishes few parallels to his case.
Commencing an obscure and friendless private, he rose steadily in
the service without the adventitious aid of potential friends and
patrons, to a rank coveted by the ablest officers in the land, and a
position denied to men of eminence grown gray in serving their
country." — [IT. S. Service Magazine.
CHAPTER XXX.
THE CHICACO CONSPIRACY.
ExcrriNO Rumors — First Objectivk — Diabolical Schkmk — Colonel Sweet — Thk
Situation — Suspicion — Impression — Government Detective — Revelations —
Measures — Official Report — Chicago Armed — Trials — Sentences — Pardons —
Brand of Infamy.
PENDING the Presidential election of 1864, the city of Chicago
was thrown into a state of excitement almost equal to that which
succeeded the announcement of the bombardment of Fort Sumter.
It had been charged that there were organized, sworn, disciplined
and drilled organizations in the West in full sympathy with the
rebellion, waiting only a favorable opportunity to aid it by organized
murder and the seizure of Union cities and especially Union leaders.
Investigation before military commissions in the case of conspirators
in Indiana and Illinois seem to have demonstrated the unwelcome
fact beyond controversy. A report from the Judge Advocate of the
United States stated the existence of an organization at the "West,
which had for its object the overthrow of the Union. The con-
spiracy, the report stated, had a military organization, with a
Commander-in-Chief, general and subordinate officers, and 500,000
enrolled members, all bound to a blind obedience to the orders of
their superiors, and pledged to " take up arms against any govern-
ment found waging war against a people endeavoring to establish a
government of their own choice."
The organization, it was said, was in every way hostile to the Union,
and friendly to the so-called Confederacy; and its ultimate objects
were " a general rising in Missouri," and a similar "rising in Indiana,
Ohio, Illinois and Kentucky, in co-operation with a rebel force which
was to invade the last-named State."
33
514: PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
The first "objective point " was Camp Douglas, Chicago, the strate-
gic importance of which was in the two-fold fact that it was the
place where 8,000 rebel prisoners were held in durance, and that the
abolition city of Chicago would afford admirable foraging ground.
The prisoners were to be liberated and joined by Canadian refugees,
Missouri bush-whackers, and the 5,000 members of the order in
Chicago, in all a force of nearly 20,000 men, which would be a nucleus
about which the conspirators in other parts of Illinois could gather ;
these being joined by the prisoners liberated from other camps, and
members of the order from other states, would form an army a
hundred thousand strong. So fully had everything been foreseen
and provided for, that the leaders expected to gather and organize
this vast body of men within the space of a fortnight ! The United
States could bring into the field no force capable of withstanding
the progress of such an army. The consequences would be that
the whole character of the war would be changed — its theater would
be shifted from the border to the heart of the free states ; and South-
ern independence, and the beginning at the North of that process of
disintegration so confidently counted on by the rebel leaders at the
outbreak of hostilities, would have followed. It was a bold scheme,
and might have wrought mischief.
General Orme had been succeeded in command of Camp Douglas
by Colonel Sweet of Wisconsin, a gallant officer, who had been
severely wounded in the shoulder at Perryville, aud disabled for
field duty. The camp which included about sixty acres of sandy
soil, was inclosed by a board fence an inch thick and fourteen feet high.
The garrison ostensibly consisted of two regiments of veteran
reserves, but could not muster more than 700 men fit for the duty
of guarding 8,000 prisoners. Among these were men of noted
daring and ferocity — Morgan's freebooters, Texan rangers, guerrillas
— reckless, and ready for adventure. Many of the minor offices of
the camp were performed by prisoners, who were thus in possession
of the resources of the Commandant. Letters passing through the
camp Post Office, enigmatically worded, first roused his suspicion.
Subsequently he became convinced that it was designed to take
advantage of a great convention to be held in the city, and convening
the outside allies who might at that time come to the city without
THE CHICAGO CONSPIRACY. 515
suspicion, and carry out the plan. Prompt measures were taken,
such as convinced the leaders that an attempt, would be dangerous,
and it was postponed. The Presidential election was approaching,
and the Commandant prepared to go home to take part in the can-
vass, when he felt, he knew not why, that he must stay at his post,
and did so. The next day showed why he was needed. Another
writer makes this statement:
" On the 2d of November, a well-known citizen of St. Louis,
openly a secessionist, but secretly a loyal man, acting as a detective
for the Government, left that city in pursuit of a criminal. He fol-
lowed him to Springfield, traced him from there to Chicago, and on
the morning of November 4th, about the hour the Commandant had
the singular impression I have spoken of, arrived in the latter city.
He soon learned that the bird had again flown.
"' While passing along the street' ( I now quote from his report
to the Provost Marshal General of Missouri), ' and trying to decide
what course to pursue — whether to follow this man to New York,
or to return to St. Louis — I met an old acquaintance, a member of
the Order of American Knights, who informed me that Marmaduke
was in Chicago. After conversing with him awhile, I started up
the street, and about one block farther on met Dr. E. W. Edwards,
a practicing physician in Chicago ( another old acquaintance), who
asked me if T knew of Southern soldiers being in town. I told him
I did ; that Marmaduke was there. He seemed very much astonished,
and asked how I knew. I told him. He laughed, and then said
that Marmaduke was at his house, under the assumed name of Bur-
ling, and mentioned, as a good joke, that he had a British passport,
visedhy the United States Consul under that name. I gave Edwards
my card to hand to Marmaduke ( who was another old acquaintance ),
and told him I was stopping at the Briggs House.
" ' That same evening I again met Dr. Edwards on the street,
going to my hotel. He said Marmaduke desired to see me, and I
accompanied him to his house. There, in the course of a long con-
versation, Marmaduke told me that he and several rebel officers
were in Chicago to co-operate with other parties in releasing the
prisoners of Camp Douglas and other prisons, and in inaugurating
a rebellion at the North. He said the movement was under the
516 PATBIOTUM <»F ILLINOIS.
auspices of the Order of American Knights (to which order the
Society of the IH'mi belonged ), and was to hegin operation! l>y aa
att.u-k on Camp Douglai on election day.'
"The detective did not know the Commandant, bathe soon made
his acquaintance and told him the story. l The young man,' he says,
• rested his head upon 1 1 is hand, and looked as if lie had lost his
mother.1 And well he might! A mine had opened at his feet;
with hut 800 men in the garrison it was to be sprung up »n hm.
Only seventy hours were left! What would he not give for twice
as many? Then he might secure. reinforcements. He walked the
room for a time in silence, then, turning to the detective, said, ' Do
you know where the other leaders are?' 'I do not.' ' Can't you
find out from Marmaduke?' 'I think not. lie said what he did
say voluntarily. If I were to question him he would suspect me.'
That was true, and Marmaduke was not of the stuff that betrays a
comrade on compulsion. His arrest, therefore, would profit nothing,
and might hasten the attack for which the Commandant was so
poorly prepared. He sat down and wrote a harried dispatch to his
General. Troops! troops! for God's sake, troops! was its harden.
Sending it Off by a courier — the telegraph told tides — he rose, and
again walked the room in silence. After awhile, with a heavy heart,
the detective said, ' Good night,' and left him."
From another quarter he obtained a full statement of the scheme,
which was gigantic in detail, and contemplated a general uprising
through the North, while Hood should move upon Nashville, Buck-
ner upon Louisville and Price upon St. Louis, and the blow was to
be struck in Chicago on the night of the 8th of November.
The Commandant took prompt measures, secured the police, and
arranged his plans, and at 2 A. M. in the morning made his descent.
When daylight came a hundred of the suspected leaders were in
custody. The official report of the Commandant says:
" Have made during the night the following arrests of rebel officers, escaped
prisoners of war, and citizens in connection with them :
"Morgan's Adjutant-General, Colonel G. St. Leger Grenfell, in company with J.
T. Shank (the Texan), an escaped prisoner of war, at Richmond House; Colonel
Vincent Marmaduke, brother of General Marmaduke; Brigadier-General Charles
Walsh, of the Sons of Liberty ; Captain Cantrill of • Morgan's eouimand; Charles
Traverse (butternut). Cantrill and Traverse were arrested in Walsh's house, in
THE CHICAGO CONSPIRACY. 517
which were found two cart-loads of large size revolvers loaded and capped, 200
stand of loaded muskets and ammunition. Also seized two boxes of guns con-
cealed in a room in the city. Also arrested Buck Morris, Treasurer of the Sons of
Liberty, having complete proof of his assisting Shanks to escape, and plotting to
release prisoners at this camp.
"Most of these rebel officers were in the city on the same errand in August last,
their plan being to raise an insurrection and release the prisoners of war at this
camp. There are many strangers and suspicious persons in the city, believed to be
guerrillas and rebel soldiers. Their plan was to attack the camp on election-night.
All prisoners arrested are in camp. Captain Nelson and A. C. Coventry, of the
police, rendered very efficient service.
" B. J. Sweet, Colonel Commanding."
"CAiir Douglas, Nov. 7th, 4 A. M."
The city was horrified, and none knew certainly that the storm
would not yet burst. Husbands and fathers shuddered at the
thought of the city given up to the brutal control of that mob of
eight thousand rebel prisoners and their more brutal allies !
Never were so many citizens armed in Chicago as that day. Pa-
trols rode to and fro, and the city wore the appearance of a military
camp. The election progressed peacefully, additional arrests were
made, and arms seized, but the life was gone, and the conspiracy
collapsed.
"Early in January, 1865, pursuant to the order of Major-General
Joseph Hooker, commander of the Northwestern Department, and
the Department of the Ohio, a military commission assembled in
Cincinnati — the headquarters of the military department — to try by
court martial, the alleged ringleaders in the conspiracy. After one
or two informal meetings, the Court formally assembled January
9th, being constituted as follows : Colonel Charles T. Murray, 89th
Indiana, President ; Colonel M. M. Wisewell, 6th V. R C. ; Colonel
R. Spooner, 83d Indiana; Colonel R. H. DeHart, 138th Indiana;
Lieutenant-Colonel P. Van Radowitz, A. D. C, U. S. A. ; Lieuten-
ant-Colonel S. H. Lathrop, A. I. G., IT. S. V. ; Lieutenant-Colonel
Allen Heath, 100th Indiana, and Major S. R. Lee, 6th V. R. C.
The Judge Advocate of the Court was Colonel H. S. Burnett,
assisted by Colonel J. R. Jackson. Benn Pittman, Esq., acted as
recorder. On the 18th of January the prisoners were arraigned
upon the following charges, with suitable specifications :
" Charge First — ' Conspiring in violation of the laws of war, to
518 PATKI"||SM Of II I.I.\'"IS.
release the rebel prisoner! confined by authority of the United
States, at Camp Douglas, near Chicago, Illinois.'
" Charge Second — 'Conspiring in violation of the laws of war,
to lay waste and destroy the city of Chicago, Illinois. '
"The prisoners thus charged were Buckner S. Morris, of Chicago ;
Charles Walsh, Chit-ago; Colonel George St. Leger Grenfell, C. S.
A., of London, England ; Colonel Vincent Mannaduke, C. S. A.,
Saline County, Missouri; Raphael S. Semmes, Chicago; Charles
Travis, aMaa Charles Daniels, alias Charles Travis Daniels, of Mis-
souri ; Benjamin Anderson, St. Louis, Missouri; George Cantrill,
Scott County, Kentucky. Of these, the prisoner Cantrill was
granted a separate trial, on the ground of his manifest sickness.
The others first attempted to gain separate trials, but failed ; then
with equal unsucoess, appealed from the jurisdiction of the tribunal ;
and finally, after wasting much time in useless pleas, entered a plea
of ' not guilty ' to the charges and specifications. Of the evidence
adduced, nothing need be recapitulated, the testimony being still
fresh in the memories of all our readers.
M The trial slowly progressed until about the middle of April,
when the cases for the Government and the defendants were alike
concluded, and the sealed findings of the Court transmitted to the
commanding general for approval. They were approved without ex-
ception, and were to the following effect: Charles Walsh, Brigadier-
General of the Sous of Liberty — guilty, and sentenced to three
years' imprisonment with hard labor in the Ohio State Penitentiary.
Buckner S. Morris — not guilty. Vincent Mannaduke — not guilty.
G. St. Leger Grenfell — guilty of both charges and specifications,
and sentenced to the extremest penalty — death. Raphael S. Semmes
— guilty, and sentenced to two years' imprisonment. The prisoner
Anderson, on the 19th of February, committed suicide by shooting
himself while confined in McLean Barracks ; and on the 16th of the
same month, Travis alias Daniels, escaped from the custody of a
careless guard, during a momentary recess of the court, in the Court
House.
" The above sentences were none of them carried into effect, and
on the glorious victories of the Federal armies, annihilating the re-
bellion, the convicted Chicago conspirators, with other military pris-
THE END. 519
oners, received the benefit of executive clemency. The sentence of
Grenfell was commuted from death to imprisonment for life in the
Dry Tortugas, and the other convicts were pardoned and allowed
to return to their homes, after an absence and confinement in dur-
ance vile of nearly nine months."
So ended the conspiracy trials, and the punishment of the con-
spirators. Perhaps it was well that executive clemency was extend-
ed, but no pardon could remove the withering disgrace which had
come upon the conspirators. They were free to go or come, but
they were none the less outlaws. The Northern conspirators in
behalf of rebellion, slavery, prisoner-starvation and assassination,
must forever wear the brand of infamy.
CHAPTER XXXI.
GENERAL GRANT.
Former Estimate — His Western Career — Army of Potomac — Its Leaders — McClel-
' lan — Pope — Burnside — Hooker — Meade — Grant's Plans — Lee's Prestige — Wil-
derness— Petersburg — Results — Criticism — People's Answer — Grant in Chica-
go— Reception in Bryan Hall — Hooker's Speech — Grant's — Yates' — Sherman
and Grant as Orators — Reception by Board of Trade — Fairchild and Wash-
burn— Second Visit — Ovation in Canada and Michigan — En-route for Galena
— Marshal Jones — The Train — On the Way — The General at Home — Welcome
by Hon. E. B. Washburn — Grant — Vincent — Grade of General.
IN the resumk of General Grant's character and services in the
first volume it was intimated that time was to test the sagacity
of his great plans, the wisdom of his strategy, and the power of his
endurance. Time has proven. The analysis of his character given
in advance of his consummated victories was not inaccurate, and
General Grant has taken his place among the great Captains of
the world. As our fellow-citizen his final services demand special
recognition in this volume.
His commands in the "West have been traced from Cairo to Mis-
sionary Ridge, and an outline has been given of his service in the
Army of the Potomac. That gallant army had fought bravely as
ever men fought, but some strange fatality seemed to have rested
upon it. The country had been impatient. Our leaders sought
Richmond; the rebel leaders sought Washington. The failure of
ours was subject of indignant comment, and the army of Lee was
surrounded by a haze of invincibility. It had failed to reach its
objective point, but yet the press spoke of it as though accomplish-
/Z^zo/
LA*
FORMER COMMANDERS. 521
ing all it sought. We had the record of "Vienna with its masked
batteries, Big Bethel and Bull Run. General MoClellan had proven
himself an admirable organizer of a great army, and secured a
remarkable popularity with rank and file, but he adopted a " Fabian
policy," and waited. The troops of the West were also held chafing ;
the nation waited for the " short, sharp, decisive " operations which
were to end its costly struggle — waited and received — Ball's Bluff!
The rebel army held Manassas until ready to leave it. Then came
the many campaigns of the Peninsula. The nation shouted over
Yorktown, and considered Richmond as already won. Pope was
tried, failed — failed sadly. MoClellan returned, in part retrieved his
waning reputation at Antietam, and passed from sight. Swinton in
his Campaigns of the Potomac, thus sums up the character of Gen-
eral McClellar. :
" Of him it may be said, that if he does not belong to that fore-
most category of commanders made up those who have always
been successful, and including but a few illustrious names, neither
does he rank with that numerous class who have ruined their armies
without fighting. He ranges with that middle category of merito-
rious commanders, who, like Sertorious, "Wallenstein, and William
of Orange, generally unfortunate in war, yet were, in the words of
Mannont, ' never destroyed nor discouraged, but were always able
to oppose a menacing front, and make the enemy pay dear for what
he gained.' "
If the country is content to receive this verdict we are not careful
to disturb it.
General Burnside came next. A brave and honest man, surrounded
by difficulties which he could not master, he led the army against
the defences of Fredericksburg, and the nation was again disappointed.
Hooker succeeded him. A splendid soldier, and one whose fame
will endure. He was beaten at Chancellorsville, and the command
of the army was thrown upon Meade barely in time for him to fight
and win the battle of Gettysburg. The army of Lee escaped across
the Potomac.
The day of isolated and conflicting movements was to pass.
The hero of Vicksburg and Mission Ridge was promoted to the
grade of Lieutenant- General \o command the armies of the United
522 patki'Mi^m 01 Illinois.
States. A plan contemplating the movements of Sherman and Can-
by in the Wot, Meade, Butler, Qillmore and Terry in the East,
was perfected. Leaving Sherman, to execute it in the West, the
Lieutenant-Genera] made his head-quarters with the Army of the
Potomac, and laid his plans for defeating Lee.
The theory of the Lieutenant-General was, that, first of all, the
prestige of Lee's army must be broken. Our army most prove that
it can go into Lee's defences, meet his entrenched army, fight day
after day, sustain repulse, disaster and frightful loss, and yet not lose
heart, but still advance, and ultimately grind the rebel army to
powder.
His army was found on May 5, 1864, on the south side of the
Rapidan, marching through the Wilderness, meaning to sever Lee's
communications with Richmond. Lee assumed the offensive,
and attacked our army in the tangled mazes of the forest, and fear-
ful slaughter was upon both sides, decisive victory upon neither.
Grant moved by the left upon Spottsylvania Court House, but Lee
was there in advance, and choosing his position, a series of desperate
engagements followed. The army was marched through the fertile
region lying between Spottsylvania and the North Anna. On the
south side of this stream Lee secured a position, where he was
strongly entrenched, his line resting on the river in the center, and
receding on the flanks. Grant's army attacking, must be divided
by this formation, and after crossing the river, it so discovered, and
found that this was by far the strongest position Let: had taken, and
withdrew to the north bank, and marched for the Chickahominy.
Lee moved by a shorter line, and was at Cold Harbor behind strong
entrenchments in advance of our army. The desperate assaults of
the 1st and 3d of June, were made upon this position, without car-
rying it, but causing heavy loss.
By a flank movement, the army was thrown across the James, the
outer works of Petersburg were earned by assault, and had the
Lieutenant-General's orders been carried out, Petersburg would have
been taken at that time. As it was, the army sat down before it,
awaiting the results of other movements, and the coming of the hour
when the defences might be rendered useless, and Lee driven out to
' sure capture.
THE END ASSURED. 523
The results we have told elsewhere. It is now easy to sit down
and show how if something else had been done at Spottsylvania, on
the south bank of the North Anna, or at Cold Harbor, it had been
better. But it had been seen that the array of Lee was not able to
prevent the advance of Grant. Its prestige was broken. Its for-
mer fame was made of none effect, and for weary months it was com-
pelled to guard its prison-walls, while Sherman, Thomas, Canby,
Schofield and Terry were destroying army after army, and capturing
the military centers of the Southwest and Atlantic, and Sheridan
rode at will through the hitherto chained Valley of the Shenandoah.
With the final blows of the sturdy fist of "the Colonel of the 21st
Illinois Infantry," the rebellion tottered from its base and lay in
ruins.
The answer of the people to military critics who demonstrated to
their own satisfaction that Grant had failed here and there, was
the single word " victory." He had broken the power of the re-
bellion— the great campaigns, bewildering in the distances to be
traversed and numbers employed, were successful, and their lines
converged, with shouts of victory to the grand review in Wash-
ington.
Grant, next to Abraham Lincoln, was in the heart of the Amer-
ican people. They believed him to be a true man, no braggart, no
dreamer, no visionary, a thoughtful, strong-willed man. They found
him generous to subordinates, giving unstinted praise to his brave
co-workers.
While the nation was ringing with his praise, Illinois was espec-
ially anxious to welcome him again. The first opportunity was dur-
ing the great Sanitary Fair.
He reached Chicago on the 10th of May, 1865, and preparations
were accordingly made for a reception befitting the man and the
occasion. Committees were appointed from the executive commit-
tees of the Fair, and by the Board of Trade, to receive him on his
arrival, and escort him through the streets of the city. The Com-
mon Council met in special session, and, after passing appropriate
resolutions, decided to join in a body in doing honor to the General.
These committees assembled at the Tremont House at half-past
eleven o'clock on Saturday morning, and formed in procession on
52 ! r \ i ui(-i ism OF ii.: r
Lake street. The orowd was quite large, exten ling on all the streets
near the hotel. On the steps were a goodly number of Generals,
other arm] officers, and distinguished citizens, conspicuous among
whom were Generals Sherman, II K>ker, Elaecn, Augur and Sweet,
ami ex Governor, now lTnit I S itea Senator, Fates.
About noon, preceded by the band of the 8th Veteran Reserve
Corps, the procession moved forward, two abreast, toward the sta-
tion. All along the line of inarch there was a good deal of enthu-
siasm manifested by the citizens; but this was nothing compared
with that which made the streets ring on its return. Long before
the arrival either of the train or the procession, the station was be-
sieged with people, on foot, in carriages and on horseback, whilst a
long line of omnibuses barricaded one side of the depot. By half-
past twelve the workmen availed themselves of the dinner hour to
swell the number of the spectators, and it was with great difficulty
that even a foot passenger could make his way through the crowd.
At the depot a line was formed from the platform to the street,
for the General and the committee to pass through, and all waited
in deep anxiety for the important arrival.
Committees of the most eminent gentlemen representing the Fair,
the Board of Trade, and the city, were in waiting.
The 24th Ohio battery, From Camp Douglas, was sent out at an
early hour, and was now drawn up for the purpose Of firing a sa-
lute in honor of the distinguished arrival. A little after half-past
twelve o'clock the booming of the first gun was heard, announcing
the appearance of the train. This was followed by fifteen other dis-
charges, in slow succession, and then a tremendous shout both in-
side and outside the building, proclaimed that General Grant had
arrived in Chicago.
The arrangements were soon completed for the march, and when
the General appeared, the enthusiasm was unbounded. There was
no sham in this wild display of feeling. It was dictated by patriot-
ism, and a strong personal affection — and literally " smote the air."
The police, under the command of Captain Nelson, did efficient ser-
vice on the occasion, and created order out of the mighty disorder
•which at first prevailed.
The General was escorted to the north end of the depot, and im-
grant's reception. 525
mediately mounted his old war-horse — the old favorite, which has
carried him safely in so many battles, and is as dear to the Ameri-
can heart as Alexander's Bucephalus is to the Grecians and to history.
He was received by a roar of voices, like the thunder of a tempestu-
ous sea, and welcomed by as happy faces as ever greeted the return of
a conqueror. He gracefully took off his hat and returned the greet-
ing. Then the other generals and officers, and civic functionaries
mounted their carriages and horses, and the vast cavalcade marched
down Clark street, then east upon Lake street, from thence south,
down Wabash Avenue, and so on to the north entrance of Union
Hall. The procession was headed by the police, followed by a com-
pany of young cadets, dressed in the Zouave costume, and a Zouave
band, from Notre Dame, Indiana — by the Hon. Thomas Drummond,
Judge of United States Courts, and Judges Van H. Higgins, and
Joseph E. Gary, with Mayor Rice and the Common Council of the
city. Then followed the several committees of reception, after
which rode General Grant on his charger, accompanied by Thomas
B. Bryan and the General's staff, backed by a carriage containing
General Hooker and Senator Yates, and a long array of military and
citizens.
It was a splendid outburst of popular enthusiasm, the people
turning out en masse to receive the savior of their country. All the
town, indeed, were in the streets, if we may so express the fact of
the universal presence of the citizens, the procession arrived at the
northern entrance, and attempted to get through the hall to the
gallery at the other end. But it was so densely packed that the
thing was impossible. General Grant himself, accompanied by Mr.
Bryan, had the hardest work to elbow his way. This was done at
last, however, and his presence in the gallery was announced and
welcomed by the shouts of the assembled spectators, and by a sea-
like waving of handkerchiefs, and hats and bonnets.
After some little delay, Major-General Hooker, who, it had been
announced, would deliver the address of introduction, advanced and
said :
" Ladies and Gentlemen : — Allow me to present to you our Lieu-
tenant-General, Lieutenant-General Grant. [Loud cheers.] He is
the officer of whom you have been reading for the last four years,
52G PATRIOTISM OP ILLINOIS.
who has 1m>. i) reflecting honor Bad glory on you ami on all our land
from that time to this. [Enthusiastic cheering.] I hare been re-
■ •,1 by the authorities of this city, by the represeatativei of Us
trade and commerce, and by the projectors of this great Fair, to
welcome General Grant to Chicago. [Lengthened applause.] As
it regards General Grant, as it regards yourselves, no more grateful,
no more pleasant duty could be devolved upon me. Pre-eminently
patriotic, and pre-eminently appreciative, this people have watched
with intense interest every step which he has taken from the be-
ginning of the rebellion to its conclusion. ['That's so.'] And
they have watched his campaign throughout its course with the
proudest satisfaction. [Cheers.] They have sympathized with
his labors, his perils, his privations, and they have gloried in his un-
rivaled victories and successes. [Great applause.] But for still
greater reasons this people have cause to be proud of General Grant.
No man lives who has been more faithful to his Government, and to
the principles of humanity, and the sacred principles involved in
this rebellion, than this brave officer who is now presented to you
for the first time. [Great cheers.]
" Gentlemen and Ladies : — The most acceptable introduction
that I can make of our Lieutenant- General to you, is to turn him
over to you. [Cheers.] That I now do."
The speaker here bowed to Lieutenant-General Grant, who ad-
vanced to the front amid a perfect storm of applause. Every throat
in that vast assemblage seemed strained to the uttermost, hats and
handkerchiefs were waved, hands innumerable were clapped, and
every other possible mode of expressing enthusiasm was resorted to.
It Avas some minutes ere the cheering subsided. At length the Gen-
eral spoke as follows :
" Gentlemen and Ladies : — I never made a speech myself, and
therefore I will ask Governor Yates, of Illinois, to convey to you the
thanks which I should fail to express.1' [Immense and long contin-
ued cheers and laughter greeted this unexpectedly short speech of
the Lieutenant-General.]
Senator Yates then came forward and spoke as follows :
" Fellow Citizens : — This is indeed an unexpected duty on my
part. General Grant has devolved upon me the duty of returning
tate's response. 527
to the citizens of Chicago his thanks for the splendid reception
which they have given him upon this occasion.
" Fellow Gitizetxs : — While I feel ill prepared for the duty, yet I
confess it to he the proudest moment of my life, that I should have
the honor to reply, in the name of this most distinguished American
citizen, to the people of Chicago, and to the people of the state of
Illinois. Some four years ago, as you will see in a Vicksburg pa-
per, which was published in the city of Vicksburg some four years
ago, it was then and there announced that a certain Captain Grant
had made a report to the Governor of the State of Illinois of the
number of arms that the State of Illinois had at that time, and that
Captain Grant (as the paper said) had reported that the State of Ill-
inois had nine hundred rusty muskets for the defence of the Gov-
ernment of the United States. But, fellow citizens, before two years
had elapsed, that same Captain Grant stood under the Grant and
Pemberton tree, smoking his cigar, while the ever-glorious banner of
stars and stripes floated over the battlements of Vicksburg.
[Cheers.] And fellow citizens, we have followed him from that
day to this, at Belmont, at Shiloh, at Donelson, at Vicksburg, at
Chattanooga, through the Wilderness, at Lee's surrender, until, all
along the banks of our rivers, ocean coasts, from every turret and
steeple floats to-day, in proud and unsullied splendor, our ever-glo-
rious star-spangled banner. [Applause.]
" Fellow Citizens : — I have often said before, and you must allow
me to say it once more, that I am proud that these fingers signed
the colonel's commission of the world's greatest commander,
Ulysses S. Grant. [Tumultuous cheers.] I did not know that the
General would be as great a man then, or I might have been a little
more complimentary. [Laughter and cheers.] Now his name,
glory-crowned with garlands, and the riches of shining victories up-
on more than a hundred battle-fields, proclaims him the idol of this
country and the world. [Loud and long continued cheers.] And
next to him — noble Lincoln — he is in the choice and honor of the
nation; and, fellow citizens, I am here to-day to say, that the proud-
est reflection that fills the heart of this brave soldier and General,
is, that we have gloriously triumphed, that our Union is preserved,
that the authority of the Government has been sustained, and that
528 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
free institutions have been Beonred for us, and for our posterity for-
ever." [Enthusiastic Applause.]
Major-General Sherman being Loudly called for, came forward and
sa'ul :
ft Xtadies and Gentlemen : — I am here to-day as a mere listener,
and cannot be drawn into any speech whatever. Always ready, al-
ways willing, always proud to back my old and beloved commander-
in-chief, I will do anything in the world which he asks me to do. I
know he will not ask me to make a speech." [Cheers and laughter.]
General Giant being thus appealed to, responded by saying: "7"
never ask a soldier to do anything I cannot do myself.1'' A loud
laughter greeted this sally, amid which the two Generals withdrew.
Mrs. Grant was presented amid tumultuous cheering.
On Sunday the General attended divine service at Trinity Metho-
dist Episcopal Church, of which his old friend, Rev. John II. Vincent,
was pastor. On Monday he received a formal welcome from the
Board of Trade. It is thus reported by the Tribune :
"It had been appointed that the ceremony of reception on 'Change
should take place at one o'clock, but as early as half past twelve
business was entirely suspended, and every one was on the tiptoe of
expectation in anxious desire to see our celebrated commander. The
desks and tables on which venders do usually, in a very quiet manner,
dispose of their commodities, were converted into stands for the
more determined of those who had vowed, in their minds, to see the
one most prominent man on our continent. Even the reporters ( those
highly respectable and deservably respected members of the com-
munity) had a difficulty in obtaining places. In their anxiety to
gain good positions, members of the Board of Trade took out pencil
and paper and mingling with the staff said they were connected with
the press gang.
"At a quarter to one o'clock, the Lieutenant-General, accompanied
by Hon. E B. Washburne, Hon. Richard Yates, Hon. J. R. Jones,
and the reception Commiitee appointed by the Board of Trade,
entered the room at the eastern entrance, and proceeded through
the well packed crowd to the platform, amid the most tumultuous
applause.
" Vice-President W. D. Houghtelingthen said, ' Gentlemen of the
AT THE BOARD OF TRADE. 529
Board of Trade : — I have the honor of presenting to you Mr. IS". K.
Fairbank, who, on behalf of the Board of Trade, on this occasion,
Avill welcome and introduce to you our distinguished visitor, Lieu-
tenant-General Grant.' [ Cheers.]
" Mr. N. K. Fait bank said : ' General Grant : — In the absence of
the officers of the Board of Trade, the honorable and pleasing duty
has devolved upon me of offering a welcome to you on behalf of the
Board of Trade of the city of Chicago.
'"I need not tell you, sir, how grateful the people are to see you.
The spontaneous bursts of enthusiasm and welcome at every turn — ■
the feelings of joy and gratitude which well up from every heart —
tell you in language plainer than any words of mine can do, how
much the people recognize in you the man whose genius, energy and
pluck have rescued this country from the most gigantic rebellion
that ever was known in the history of nations.' [Cheers.]
"'I will not affect to conceal the cause of the pride we feel : you
went out from among us, one of our own citizens — bearing the com-
mission of our own Governor, as a Colonel of Illinois Volunteers —
and that now you return to us, to-day, as the Commander of the
whole of the armies of the United States [applause], with a name
and a fame as imperishable as time itself [ loud applause ] ; the idol
of the whole country, as of every lover of liberty, free institutions
and good government, throughout the world.' [Renewed applause,
and cries of "good."]
'"As merchants of the commercial capital of the great North-
west, we thank you, with feelings of unbounded gratitude, for the
return of peace and its abundant blessings ; for the opening of Com-
merce throughout the whole of the United States ; for the removal
of restrictions on trade; and, with the return of peace, the return
of so many of our citizens, soldiers, who went out to battle with the
foe. They come, in a most opportune time, to aid us in gathering
the bounteous harvest promised to us, and now growing green and
luxuriant upon our prairies; and we pledge to you, as an earnest of
the gratitude we feel, that the merchants of Chicago and the North-
west will ever be found standing by the Republic; and that our
energies and all we have shall be devoted to the development of the
commerce and the prosperity of the Northwest.
34
530 PATRIOTISM Of [LLIKOI8.
"'We will endeavor, at all tira< -, and on all occasions, to show to
you and to the world that
" Peace baa ber victories, no less renowned than war."
i: 'General, I thank you ('or your presence here to-day, and I ten-
der to you, on behalf of the Board of Trade, our most hearty thanks,
and our most cordial welcome.
u ' Gentlemen of the Board of Trade, I have the honor of intro-
ducing to you Lieutenant-General Grant.'
" The announcement was received with three deafening cheers
and a roaring tiger.
"General Giant spoke as follows: ' Gentlemen of the Hoard of
Trade, and Citizens of Chicago : — I will not bo able to thank you as
I would like to do, for the very kind welcome which you have given
me, but I will ask my old friend Mr. Washburne to return to you
the thanks I should fail to express.' [Loud cheers and laughter.]
" Hon. E. B. Washburne then came forward, and addressed the
audience as follows : ' Mr. President, and Gentlemen of the Board
of Trade : — I regret, my friends, that my friend and neighbor, the
Lieutenant-General, has not more fully tendered to you his thanks,
himself; but he is in the habit of speaking more by actions and deeds
than by words. [Cheers.] I wish that he had undertaken the task
of replying to your compliments, because I know that if he had
undertaken it he would have done it far better than any other man,
for I tell you that I never knew him, if he undertook to do a thing,
but he did it. [Applause and laughter. J And what is more than
that, he did it better than any other man. [Renewed applause.]
But after all, his silence is more eloquent than any utterances.
" ' Somewhat more than three years have gone by since the time
when, in the Congress of the United States, General Grant had not
quite so many friends as he appears to have to-day. [Laughter,
and cries of " that's so."] I took occasion in Congress at that time,
in speaking of him, to observe that he was as modest as he is brave
and incorruptible. [Tremendous cheers, and shouts of " good,"
" good." ] You have known of his bravery and incorruptibility by
the hearing of the ear, and to-day you have the pleasure of witness-
ing his modesty by the sight of the eye. [Cheers.] If he were to
washburne's remarks. 531
speak, he would, in the first place, tender his profound and grateful
acknowledgments to the Board of Trade of Chicago, for this kind,
this cordial, this heart-felt greeting which you have extended to
him to-day ; and he would also bear testimony to the distinguished
patriotism which has characterized your body throughout this whole
war — how you bravely stood by the Government in its dreadful
perils — following its fortunes alike when victory flashed from all our
banners, and when defeat and disaster hung upon our arms. Pie
would also speak of your noble and patriotic city — of its marvelous
prosperity during this time of war — and he would tender to the citi-
zens of Chicago, and to all the citizens of Illinois, his grateful
acknowledgments to them, and particularly to the soldiers in the
field, in whose hands his banner has never been withered. [Loud
cheers.] He would tender all these things to you here, for Chicago
— although my friend and myself came from the rural districts
[Laughter] yet we are proud of Chicago, and particularly when
you extend a little welcome to your country cousins. [Renewed
laughter, and expressions of "good," "that's so," &c] And the
Chicago people, let me say I like them, but they are somewhat like
the Parisian, who says that France is the world, and that Paris is
France. [Laughter.] And the Chicago man says, as all true Illi-
noisans say, that Illinois is the world, and Chicago is Illinois.
[Cheers and laughter.] We are willing in the country to say that,
to the extent of one little fourteenth.'"
Mr. Washburne proceeded in an admirable address on topics rela-
tive to the situation of the country. Senator Yates was called for,
and responded.
The Lieutenant-General hastened his departure for Washington.
His second reception was upon the occasion of revisiting his home
in Galena, where a comfortable mansion had been purchased and
furnished by his friends. He came through Canada, and received a
welcome almost as hearty and imposing as that which greeted him
along the lines of railway in the Union. The journals which, in fee-
ble imitation of the London Times, had heaped odious criticism
upon him were filled with double-leaded laudations. Through Michi-
gan, along the line of the Michigan Central Railway, thousands
greeted him with enthusiastic shouts.
532 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Arriving in Chicago, in deference to his wishes, the Genera] and
family were permitted to have a qui i d ly or two, and preparations
were made for hie visit to Galena. Wn append an account written
at the time by the author, who aoc >mpanied the exp idition :
"Tin1 care of the guests, with their general supervision was upon
J. R. .Jones, Esq., II. S. Marshal, himself formerly of Galena, His
care, urbanity, ami unwavering attention, deserve the gratitude of
the recipients, and it is a pleasure to make this public and well
merited recognition.
" The train was made up of four of the most superb coaches yet
placed on trucks, three of them being of the new style of the
Chicago and Northwestern railway, complete in all their details, the
fourth was the elegant director's car of the Illinois Central road,
considerately tendered by Superintendent Arthur.
" The rear car, assigned to the General and his family, lias never
been surpassed in elegance. Entirely new, without seats, the floor
was carpeted with rich Brussels, while costly center tables, sofas,
ottomans, upholstered easy chairs, etc., gave the appearance of a
superb parlor. Long before reaching Galena the center-tables were
filled with fragrant bouquets, while. some of monster proportions
were deposited -in the baggage racks, making the car really a thing
of beauty.
" Mr. S. S. Hobart, Superintendent of the Wisconsin Division of
the Northwestern railroad gave special supervision to making up
the train, which was superintended by Mr. E. J. Cuyler, Assistant
Superintendent of the Galena Division Chicago and Northwestern
railroad, assisted by that accomplished conductor, James G. Knapp.
"The train moved out of the Wells-street Depot at precisely 8:30
A. M., and thousands sent skyward deafening cheers as the hero of
the war for the Union stood upon the platform of the rear car.
" The company was made up of old friends, neighbors of General
Grant, with a few invited guests.
" The trip was one magnificent ovation. Even at the stations
where no stop was to be made, hundreds gathered hoping to catch
a glimpse of the General. Where the train was to stop the people
had come en-masse — strong men, old men loaning on their staves,
tottering i^randames, young men and maidens, and little children.
EN ROUTE TO GALENA. 5'33
Shouts made the welkin ring ; flowers were rained ; tremulous ' God
bless you,' came often struggling through the sound-waves of lusty
voices. The General would stand at the rear of the car and bow
and give his hand to those who pressed about him, but no speech
would he make.
" At Belvidere, as the train stopped, and the Lieutenant-General
took his usual position, Major-General Hurlbut, the gallant hero of
the Hatchie, temporarily at his home, sprang on the steps, and
despite his superior officer's modesty, whisked him off amid burst-
ing huzzahs, and fairly carried him around the depot. Among the
most excited of the throng was the venerable Bishop Mcllvain, of
Ohio.
" At Rockford, as at Marengo, there was a triumphal arch, hand-
somely decorated ; beneath it was a platform upon which the con-
queror of Vicksburg was compelled to mount, while Hon. E. B.
Washburne made a few fitting remarks.
" Between Rockford and Freeport a collation was served in the
most approved style by Kinsley of the Opera House restaurant. He
made many new friends and satisfied several craving appetites. His
staff consisted of four American citizens of African descent, who,
with their tasseled Fez caps, made a picturesque appearance, shaded
off into the practical by trays of sandwiches, chicken, salad, cold
fowl, meats, cake, with deep bowls of ice-cream, pyramids of grapes,
and baskets of pears.
"At Galena the demonstration was grand. He who went from
that town of hilis the humble Colonel of the 21st Illinois Volunteers,
was returning the most famous military chieftain of the age. He
was their townsman — no wonder they were proud. On one of the
sunny slopes stood a handsome house, furnished from basement to
attic, the gift of a few citizens.
"Thronging about the triumphal arch are thousands of people,
not only from Illinois, but also from Wisconsin and Iowa.
" Almost all processions are alike — this one was not an exception.
When the General reached the stage, after the band played ' Hail to
the Chief,' Hon. E. B. Washburne thus addressed him :
" ' Lieutenant- General Grant : — With emotions of pride and grat-
itude, which no language can express, all loyal hearts bid you a
534: I'A I RIO] IBM OF ILLINOIS.
cordial welcome to your borne. Pour years and lour months gone
l»_v, you found your country assailed by traitors, who laid their bl ly
hands upon the Constitution, and essayed to tear down the most
splendid fabric of human liberty ever erected by the wisdom and
patriotism of man. Instantly identifying yourself frith t lie sacred
cause of your country and of human rights, you presided at the first
war meeting ever held in our city after the firing upon Port Sumter.
Unheralded and almost unobserved, you left your quiet home and
the peaceful pursuits of private life, and placed your services at the
disposal of the Government, to aid in vindicating the honor of our
insulted flag, and in restoring the national authority. The mighty
results you have achieved since you left your home in our rock-
bound city, at the breaking out of the rebellion, stand out unparal-
leled in historic annals. They are engraven upon the hearts of the
patriotic and grateful people who here gather around yon to lay at
your feet the tribute of their profoundest gratitude. These uncounted
hosts who to day throng our streets, and who have come to join in
the welcome of grateful hearts, are not only from our own State,
but they come to greet you from our patriotic sister states of Wis-
consin and Iowa, and they join with us in offering to you the homage
of their obligation, and in extending to you heartfelt congratulations
that you have been spared, by an overruling Providence, to return
to us unharmed through all the perils of four years of sanguinary
war. The young and the old and the middle aged are here to greet
you with their fresh, warm words of welcome. Childhood lisps its
words of affectionate salutation, and youth and beauty surround you,
and with patriotic emblems wave you their greetings. And here to-
day, in your presence, are our gallant soldiers, who have carried your
victorious eagles over so many blood-stained battle fields, and who
with martial tread and military air " show how fields were won."
They, too, have our greetings and our thanks, and while we welcome
the living, we pour out our tears over the green graves of our heroes,
fallen iu battle, or dying in hospitals or prison pens.
" ' It must be left to history to make a full record of your battles
and your victories, your marches and your sieges, your labors, your
anxieties and your watchings ; the glories you have achieved, and
the magnificent triumphs which, underProvidence, you have wrought
out The occasion will not permit more than a passing allusion to
THE WELCOME. 535
all you have done for your country, but when we of the West forget
that it was the " Hero of Vicksburg" who opened to us the naviga-
tion of the " Great Farther of Waters," so that our commerce can
run "unvexed to the sea," may our right arms fall from their shoul-
der blades.
" ' Permit me to say here, General, that as you were the first gen-
eral officer from our city entrusted with important commands, and
engaged in active military operations, your loyal fellow-citizens
watched your career with unflagging interest, and followed your
fortunes with a faith that never faltered. When calumny and
detraction swept over you, your friends and neighbors breasted the
wave, and your laurels were never withered by any of the soldiers
of Jo Daivess who followed your victorious banners. And when
you poured your leaden hail into the rebels, it is no wonder they
thought you hailed from the " Galena Lead Mines," where the peo-
ple sell that product in time of peace, but give it away in time of war.
" ' We welcome you not only to your Galena home but to your
own noble and gallant State, which has made a record during the
war which makes the hearts of all her loyal sons swell with pride.
The blood of her soldiers moistens every battle field of the Republic.
It is in our State where repose the ashes of Lincoln and Douglas.
Lincoln, the martyred President, struck down by the assassin hand
of slavery, and who illustrated in his life the purest patriotism, the
sublimest courage, and the most elevated devotion to the cause of
his country and of liberty. Douglas, the illustrious Senator, the
gifted statesman, the champion of popular rights, falling, alas, too
soon, but with love of country in his heart, and words of patriotism
on his lips.
'"The empire of the Northwest, with its teeming millions of
patriotic hearts, is everywhere vocal with your cordial reception, and
in the name of our regenerated and disenthralled country, in the
name of our restored Union, in the sacred name of Liberty, all, all
bid you welcome.' "
"Amid a tempest of shouts, General Grant simply said :
" ' Gentlemen and Fellow Citizens : — Rev. Mr. Vincent, who has
come out on the train from Chicago, has kindly consented to return
my thanks for this hearty welcome, which you have given me.'
536 r.\ i i:i"j IBM OF (LLINOIS.
" Mr. Via cent, Pastor of Trinity Church, Chicago, who li id been
fairly pressed into the Bervioe by his former parishoner, oame for-
wanl, and amid hearty cheers, said:
"' I am glad bo be made the medium for so noble a soul as Gene-
ral Grant's. To follow his example I must be brief, and will choose
the words he wished me t<> use on this occasion. The General
wishes to re! urn his thanks to you and the citizens of Northern
Illlinois, for your welcome. During his career in the army he has
felt a warm interest in you, and has looked back here with pleasure.
In the darkest hours when calamity and destructi m assailed the
Government, he has always found the loyal citizens of Galena his
unflinching and unchanging friends. He regards Illinois as the State
where he retains the right to cast his vote, and Galena as his home.
Business will require his residence in Washington, but he will make
as frequent visits here as possible. The reason General Grant does
not speak in public is because he has never been accustomed to do
so, and now chooses to make this his excuse for not responding to
the innumerable calls made upon him. He is reminded now of that
other great gathering, when the first company left Galena for the
war. Then dark clouds obscured the horizon which are now swept
away. Then, the very life of the nation was threatened. To-day
the nation stands on foundations never to be shaken.' With renewed
expressions of thanks, Mr. Vincent concluded amid uproarious cheers.
" The Galena Glee Club then sang ' Auld Lang Syne ' in a mag-
nificent style, followed by the band with the ' Star-Spangled Banner,'
when the Glee Club sang the ' Soldiers' Chorus,' and 'Victoria.'
" Other exercises, receptions, etc., followed, and with a brilliant
illumination and display of fireworks, closed a memorable day in
Galena.
" In conversation General Grant, 'without show or affectation, is
quite fascinating. He utters in his crisp style an occasional gem.
When talking with him concerning the battles of the Wilderness we
received a new impression of the magnitude of the interests involved,
and the plans of the great commander.
" He returns for brief stay to his home. Two men went from Illi-
nois to fill large spaces in the world's observation — Abraham Lin-
coln, Ulysses S. Grant. Each has returned — Lincoln to his grave,
LINCOLN — GRANT. 537
Grant amid plaudits. Both were men of the people — each was given
of God to the nation, and the fame of each is imperishahle. Said
the General, ' I always confided in Mr. Lincoln's integrity, but when
I went East and became acquainted with him, I admired the man,
and bis mental strength. That admiration increased until his death.
Mr. Lincoln was a greater man than the people have yet come to
regard him.' "
The American Congress subsequently passed a bill, creating the
full grade of General, and Lieutenant-General Grant was nomi-
nated to fill the position, and unanimously confirmed, Major-General
W. T. Sherman being promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General.
This chapter has its place, not so much as a tribute to the General
commanding our armies as a record of the enthusiastic gratitude of
the people.
CHAPTER XXX II.
THE WOMEN OF ILLINOIS.
Influence on Public Opinion — Social Like — Institutions — Rkligious View — Relief
Associations — The Gkeat Fairs — Last Chicago Fair— Ghkk -ings ok Soldiers.
IT is now impossible to narrate the services of the women of Illi-
nois during the war, for they were in greal part so unostentatious
and silent that they were not made matter of record. In the begin-
ning of the war they fostered the spirit of patriotism; their hus-
bands, brothers and betrothed were not only given up but were en-
couraged to enter the service of their country. Of course such
sacrifices were not made without effort and great sorrow.
They kept public opinion rightly influenced from social life.
How much the life of home and the animus of whal fl»e call " socie-
ty " influence great political movements is only appreciated by the
close observer. It is the talk of home which makes the public opin-
ion by which Senators, Cabinets and Presidents are swayed. Patri-
otic women made that influence auxiliary to the support of the
nation in its struggle. It was there the patriotic song was invari-
ably heard ; the tone of conversation was unmistakably earnest and
showed that whatever it might cost, the mothers of this nation de-
manded a country one and indissoluble ; a country undivided, a flag
with no stain of dishonor.
Woman's intuitions are proverbially keen and far-sighted. Men
argued ; politicians made sharp distinctions and spun elaborate the-
ories. Our women saw at once that slavery was in the way of
WOMAN AND THE WAR, 539
peace and must die, and they simply said " we may not understand
this matter, but it does seem to us that slavery must be overthrown,
for it was always wrong, and now is chargeable with this cruel
war." So they said quietly and so the nation came to believe.
When our army of brave citizens was shoveling and ditching at
York town and cutting canals before Vicksburg some Generals saw
only the labor of common soldiers — women saw their fathers, hus-
bands, sons and brothers doing menial labor, overtasked and dying
of disease. Indignantly, sorrowfully, they asked " why must this
be ? Why not confiscate slaves of rebels ; they are born to the cli-
mate and inured to its perils — why not take them from their rebel
masters and let them save our son's lives?" And many an eye
ordinarily gentle flashed fire as it was added: " We gave our boys
to fight for the country, not to stand guard over the slaves of the
rebels or to die in the trenches which colored men would gladly
make if they were only permitted." Such words made public sen-
timent rapidly and compelled action.
Equally potent was woman's demand that colored soldiers should
be brought into service, and do their part in the struggle. Many a
woman said " I have two sons now in the army, if necessary I will
send my third ; but it is not necessary when the government refuses
to permit the colored man to strike." And the colored man
became a soldier.
But in auother direction her influence was patent beyond words.
Ours was a citizen soldiery, accustomed to home and home comfort.
American women could not consent that the army regulations should
deal with their flesh and blood as mere hirelings. Hence organized
industry for soldiers became the order. Associations for army relief
sprang up everywhere. Not to engage in them was in many places
to forfeit social position. Supplies for the sick and wounded ; hos-
pital comforts, delicacies for which taste would pine, but of which
army regulations were ignorant, were accumulated in vast quantities
and sent forward " to the front." Those great organizations, the
Sanitary and Christian Commissions could not have moved a wheel
or lasted a month but for this organized help of women. Women were
instrumental in correcting many abuses in hospital arrangements.
They visited them ; inspected them and told what they saw. They
540 Btionoi of Illinois.
would doI 1»<- pal off; they would not be silenced. R d-tape
officials ]> pously said ''such are the regulations." "The* the
regulations are wrong, must be corrected," and they went with
their storj to leading generals, and to the great-hearted Lincolb
an<l persisted until they were. It ii strange bow much difficulty the
people experienced and overcame in being simply humane]
Our women took a religious view of the war from the out-
Bet, and relied much upon religious influences. Convictions of relig-
ious duty led them to the sacrifices which they chi erfully endured.
It led them to the hospitals where the wounded were in seed of
their care, and with a tenderness which no man ran imitate they dis-
charged the laborious duties of hospital nurses — not as hirelings
but unpaid. Knelling beside many a cot they whispered in the
ears of the dying the "words of life,'1 sang them the holy songs of
home and committed the parting spirit to the Redeemer's tender
care ! Their names are unwritten in our histories, but their witness
is above, their record is on high.
Among the means devised to aid the soldiers was a series of
National Fairs commencing in Chicago and extending throughout
the country. The returns to the Sanitary Commission were enor-
mous.
The second series closed with great fairs in Chicago and Milwau-
kee. The former was not confined to Illinois but was shared
throughout the West; the different states were represented with
departments, and it was oneof the grandest exhibitions ever witnessed.
It was under the Presidency of T. B. Bryan, Esq., one of the
most accomplished and liberal patriots of the Northwest. It is
simple justice to state that while many gave it their hearty co-opera-
tion it owed more for its original plan, inauguration and successful
completion to Madames Hoge and Livermore than any other persons.
These ladies, acting for the Sanitary Commission, threw their souls
into the work; wrote appeals for the press, sent forth circulars,
went through the country, addressed public meetings, visited influen-
tial persons, and were, in short, irrepressible and irresistible. It
was first intended to hold the fair exclusively for the benefit of the
Soldiers' Home, and to make of it a great institution, capable of
receiving a large number of disabled soldiers, and giving them a
THE GREAT FAIK. 541
comfortable support. It became necessary to modify this plan, and
a union of effort between the Home, the Sanitary Commission and
the Christian Commission was agreed to.
The rebellion collapsed suddenly, and the Fair was held after the
war actually closed, and naturally the receipts were diminished, for
the pressure of necessity was withdrawn, yet the gross receipts were
in excess of three hundred thousand dollars, and the net gain was
reported at about two hundred and fifty thousand dollars.
The entire space of Dearborn Park was occupied by the chief
building, called Union Hall. It extended from Randolph to Wash-
ington Streets. Here, in the central avenue, were placed the tables
and booths of the religious denominations. These were highly orna-
mented, and were tilled with the handiwork of Christian ladies. In
this department were also the booths containing contributions from
the old world, which were rare and beautiful. There were two wings
devoted to heavier goods, to mechanical and agricultural implements,
and stores amassed by the business Committee. The hall was bril-
liantly lighted from the floor to the apex of its sharp Gothic roof,
and filled with beautiful and costly wares ; thronged by thousands of
people, it presented a sight worth crossing the Continent to witness.
Eastward, covering Michigan Avenue, a whole block, was Floral
Hal!, where taste and industry had made a wilderness of beauty.
Eastward still was the Soldier's Rest, in which was the " Old New
England Farm House," a genuine Yankee reproduction, where
Patience, and Faithful, and Prudence, in olden costume, served
baked beans, Indian pudding and pumpkin pie to hungry consumers.
Around were relics of the land of steady habits and General Courts.
Northward of Floral Hall was Monitor Hall. The Lincoln Log
Cabin was slightly to the West, on Randolph Street.
Bryan Hall, then the largest in the city, was the depository of arms
and military trophies. There were battle-torn flags, tattered, smoked
banners brought home in honor. In the rear was the gallery of
Fine Arts. Bryan Hall was under the care of Honorable Judge
Brad well.
The Lincoln Log Cabin was a structure of the primitive sort, and
what gave it historic importance is indicated in the official paper
appended :
PATRIOTISM OF in fo
" Statk (H [llihoib, EitcuTm t,J
" Spa M.iv 20, L8fl
"Jons 11 ■ \ i , E ) . D CU1 UB, Illinois:
" .1/ Friend : In reply to your question relating to the log cabin, sa'nl to
have been bail) bj yourself, Thomas Lincoln and the late Pre ident, Abraham Lin-
coln, 1 take pleasure in stating to you tint for twenty-five years there has been no
doubt in the public mind in Macon County, Illinois, on this question. It the cabin
you now have is the one you pointed out to me in the spring of 16C0, wh<-
collecting the Lincoln rails, I cheerfullj state that I am certain it is the one
built by Mr. Lincoln; besides your voluntary statements on the subject abundantly
satisfy me there can be no mistake about it,
" As the old companion and friend of Mr. Lincoln, and one who has been oo
in your support of his administration, and an ardent friend of the Union, I hop
may receive a just compensation for your efforts to bring before the country the
simple but honorable testimonies to the early, laborious and worthy efforts of our
beloved late President in his youth to make for himself a home, a fortune and a
name.
"The old cabin would be out of place in any other hands than your own. You
should retain the control of it that not one timber may be lost. There is but one
such in the United States, and it rightfully and properly should be intrusted to jour
keeping.
"(Signed,) Richard J. Ogleshv,
" Governor of Illinois."
The Pair W&B opened May 30, 18G5, by a grand procession, fol-
lowed by an address from Governor Oglesby. He was then
Governor of the State, but was even more honored as one of the
wounded heroes of the Union than as an illustrious civic officer.
When the returned soldiers caught sight of him they rent the air
with hearty shouts. A poem was read by T. Buchanan Read, which
was well received.
The 1st of June was the day appointed by President Johnson as
one of humiliation, and the Fair was virtually closed, but re-opened
on Friday, and thenceforward until June 17th, from morning until
midnight, did the officers and the ladies in charge of the booths
remain on duty. A week after the closing up was occupied in dis-
posing of the remaining goods.
The Fair was honored by the presence of several illustrious heroes.
The interest, however, concentrated upon Grant and Sherman. The
latter came first and received a welcome befitting the leader of the
army of the West. But the culmination was with the coming of
Grant, described elsewhere.
soldiers' welcome. 543
But the grandest feature of the Fair was the reception of so many
regiments of returning soldiers. It was well to honor great leaders,
but the men who carried muskets, dug trenches, stormed breast-
works, swept aside defences, charged bayonets, served artillery —
the common soldiers who did all that heroism could, though their
names were unknown to official reports — these were the true heroes
of our war for the Union.
It is not in language to describe the enthusiasm with which they
Avere greeted, as they came with thinned ranks and shortened lines,
with faded uniforms and tattered flags ! They were met with shout
and cheer, with songs, orations, triumphal arches and rich banquets.
Governor Oglesby issued the following proclamation :
" State of Illinois, Executive Department,)
Springfield, June 15. J
" To Vie People of Illinois :
" Our soldiers are returning home in large numbers, by regiments, companies and
detachments, after years of arduous and faithful service, to be finally mustered out
and honorably discharged from the service of the United States. The camp3 near
Springfield and Chicago have been designated as the points of rendezvous for this
purpose. The troops will arrive at these camps by rail from the East and South,
passing through the state, by day and night, for several weeks. Several regiments
have arrived, and from these points, as they are discharged, they will separate, in
every direction to every part of the state, soldiers no longer, but citizens again,
when they will settle to enjoy with us the peace they have given the country and
the honors they have won.
" Let us meet them, fellow citizens, as our hearts dictate we should, with open
arm3, with joyful shouts, with warm affection. Spread the best the state affords,
with luxuries such as women alone can prepare ; and above all, let us meet them as
the defenders of our liberties and the saviors of our country. Turn from every em-
ployment long enough to tender these brave men these hospitalities. Their thinned
ranks and battered flags, their bronzed faces, and steady, firm step, show what their
strong arms and stout hearts have done for us. Turn out, all Illinois, to welcome
your noble sons, as such a state can afford to do. Show them by your recognition
how they have earned your lasting gratitude, and when the days of welcome shall
be passed, you will see that a good soldier knows how to make a good citizen.
"In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and have caused the great
seal of the state of Illinois to be affixed, this 15th day of June, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
" (Signed) Richard J. Oglesby.
"By the Governor.
" Sharon Tyndale, Secretary of State."
But the people had not waited. They knew how to send their
541 PATSIOnSM OF 1! i I"-' 'is.
sons away, and thcv knew how to give them welcome. The Chi-
caffo Tribune says :
" One of the mosl pleasant uses to which the Fair building w.-.s
put, was the reception of our brave Boldiers, thousands of whom
were there sainted, and all — from Lieutenant-General to Iliirh Pri-
vate— rec< ived with a hearty enthusiasm that told how much we felt
the debt owed to them. Major-General Sherman arrived here on
the 8th of June, and a most cordial reception was extended to him
by all classes. On the 10th, Lieutenant-Genera] Grant arrived here,
and wafl received in Union Hall with an ovation perfectly tremen-
dous in extent and enthusiasm. On the same day arrived the 105th
regiment Illinois volunteers, followed subsequently by the following
regiments, in the order named, all of which were suitably received
in the Union Hall, and subsequently entertained at the Rest or
elsewhere :
" 102d, 90th, 127th, 78th, 8Gth, 104th, 129th, 74th, 88th, 89th, 110th,
128th, 9Gth, 75th, 100th, 125th, 82d, 113th, 103d, 93d, Board of
Trade Battery, 112th, and Bridges' Battery.
" In July the soldiers returned home thick and fast. The close of
the Avar had rendered their services no longer necessary in the field,
and with all possible dispatch they were sent home. The following
returned in July, all being Illinois troops, unless otherwise named :
92d, Mercantile Battery, Battery E, 10th, 52d, 57th, Colvin's Bat-
tery, Elgin Battery, 2d Minnesota, 7th Minnesota Battery, 3d Wis-
consin, 34th, G4th, 45th, 1st Wisconsin, 8th cavalry, 20th, Batteries
D and M, 12th Wisconsin, Battery I, 65th, 3d Wisconsin, 6th and
13th Iowa, 53d, 15th Iowa, 4th Iowa, 23d.
" In August, the following arrived : 124th, 76th, Bolton's Battery,
81st, 108th, 72d, 55th, 95th, 16th cavalry.
" After this, the returning braves came in more slowly ; we note
the following: October 15th, 3d regiment Illinois cavalry; Novem-
ber 20th, 9th Illinois cavalry; December 10th, 39th Illinois regi-
ment. Total, fifty-five regiments and eleven batteries, embracing
altogether about thirty thousand nicn/'ame home in 1865."
First came the 102d, wliich, armed with the Spencer-repeating rifle,
had been a terror to evil-doers. It had been one of Sherman's forag-
ing regiments, and enjoyed the hospitalities of the Hall. Next camo
THE FAIR CLOSED. 54:5
the 105th, battered and ragged ; then the 90th, the Irish Legion,
came with its remnant of 221 men — the rest, where were they ? The
127th, which received Sherman's thanks for its gallantry in the
assault on Vicksburg, which had been under fire one hundred and
three days out of the one hundred and twenty-five spent between
Chattanooga and Atlanta.
But this specification cannot continue. It was regretted that in
some instances regiments arrived unexpectedly, and were not received
at the depot as became them, but as soon as possible the error was
corrected.
The people asked the opportunity to give such welcome as was
fitting, and the managers of the great Fair were of the people.
And so passed into the grand record of the war the doings of the
great Fair, in which the women of Illinois did so much. With
them were noble women from other states, whose presence and co-
operation was welcome.
But the devotion of the women of the State is not, cannot be told.
It never cooled ; it was never corrupted, it was never wearied. A
Chaplain in charge of two of the National Cemeteries to which our
dead are removed said, that of the thousands of letters received
from mothers, wives and sisters enquiring about their dead, not one
expressed regret that the loved one had entered the service of the
country ! They were sad and sorrowing, but they did not murmur
that they had consecrated their lives to the country. Of such spirit
are the women of Illinois.
35
CHAPTER XXXIII.
The Second Cavalry — Re-enlistment— Death of Colonel Mudd — Service in Texas
— The Eighth Cavalry — Hunting Booth — Muster-out Roster — Damage to the
Enemy — Major James D. Ludlam — The Ninth Cavalry — Veteranizing — Battlks
of Franklin and Nashville — The Sixteenth Cavalry — Thielman's Battalion —
A Regiment Raised — The Fight in Powell's Valley — Heavy Loss — Final Ros-
ier— Captain Hiram S. IIanchett — The Seventeenth Cavalry — Campaigning in
Missouri — Pursuit of Price — Fight at Boonbville — Battle ov Mine Creek — A
Saber CHARGE — In a Tight Place — The Enemy Retire — Surrender of Jeff
Thompson — General II. Beveridge.
SECOND ILLINOIS CAVALRY.
IN the first volume of this work [ p. 301 et seq.] we have given the
original roster of thi^ regiment, and its history to the 1st of
January, 1804. We quote from a newspaper correspondent the fol-
lowing respecting its subsequent career:
"At New Iberia, Louisiana, January 5, 1864, more than two
thirds of the regiment re-enlisted and took their first furlough home.
The remainder were through the Red River campaign of the follow-
ing spring, and, being constantly exposed to the enemy in the front
going up, and covering the rear coming back, suffered severely.
"At Baton Rouge, May 1, 1864, good Colonel Mudd shook hands
and bade us good-by, to embark for Alexandria, on duty as Chief-
of-Staffto General McClernand. It was his last greeting and final
adieu. Two days after, when a few miles below Alexandria, the
boats were furiously attacked with rifle and cannon from the left
bank, and soon Colonel Mudd fell, shot through the head. Never
was leader more respected, nor friend more esteemed. He knew
every man in his regiment to the latest recruit, and each remembered
THE SECOND CAVALRY. 517
him for some special favor and kindness. In November, the regi-
ment, under Lieutenant-Colonel Marsh, made a quick and successful
trip. Leaving Baton Rouge in the evening, at 9 o'clock, it the next
night completely surprised Liberty, Mississippi ( rebel headquarters
of General Hodge & Co.), taking alarge number of prisoners. The
circuitous route taken made the distance ninety miles. A few days
after this, it went on the Davidson raid to Pascagoula Bay. New
Year's day, it embarked on the Gulf, and returned to Baton Rouge,
but soon again had the privilege of sea sickness, and, March 12th,
landed at Barrancas, Florida. On the 21st mounted again and went
on Sparling's raid; was General Steele's advance, charging the
enemy at Blakeley, and in at the death of the rebellion in the South
and West — the fall of Mobile; took our last prisoners, before the
final surrender, at Union Springs, Alabama, General Pillow and staff
o nd the rebel Governor and Lieutenant-Governor being among them.
Then to Montgomery and, by way of Columbus, Mississippi, to Vicks-
burg, making a horseback ride of about 1,500 miles. Went by
boat to Shreveport, Louisiana, and thence to the southwest frontier.
Have been stationed at San Antonio, but made a trip of twenty days
to the outposts, Eagle Pass and Fort Clarke, a few having had a
chance to cross the Rio Grande, and stand on foreign soil.
" ' Going home, going home to the old hearthstone ! ' We see the
door open and the outstretched arms of welcome rushing to clasp us.
" For the past, sober thoughts and satisfaction at duty fulfilled,
with a tear and regret for our missing comrades, a smile for the pre-
sent, and a thrill of good purpose and hope for the future — civil life
and duty, welcome ! "
The regiment was mustered out of the service at San Antonio,
Texas, on the 24th of November, 1865.
EIGHTH ILLINOIS CAVALRY.
In Vol. I. (p. 451) of this work, we have given the original roster
of this gallant regiment, with its history up to the date of its " vet-
eranizing," about the 1st of January, 1864.
In February of that year, the 8th, which had recruited up to 1,140
men, resumed duty as provost guard in Washington, where it re-
mained until June, 1865, when it was ordered out to Muddy Branch
548 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
and thence to Monocacy Greek, where Li had the pleasure of meeting
Early on his famous raid. From Monocacy, seven companies were
scut, to Frederick City, and the remaining five companies were dis-
patched to Baltimore. The campaign w.as a very Bevere one, but
ended in the rebels being beaten and driven across the Potomac.
In August the 8th was sent to Loudon Valley, and after a brief
employment in the duty of catching smugglers and other obnoxious
persons, was ordered out to Fairfax Court House, where it winter-
ed, keeping itself from stagnation by frequent dashes after Mosby.
After the assassination of President Lincoln, the regiment was or-
dered to Maryland, and put upon the duty of hunting Booth, the
assassin. On the 23d of May, 1S6-5, it was relieved from duty at
Washington, and returned to Fairfax, where it remained until re-
ceiving orders to report at St. Louis, on June 23d. On the 17th of
July following, it was mustered out of the service, and returned
home. The following was the roster at the time of muster out :
Colonel, William Gamble; Lieutenant-Colonel, D. R. Clendenin; 1st Major, Geo.
A. Forsyth ; 2d Major, John M. Waite ; 3d Major, Edward Russell ; Adjutant,
George Gamble ; Surgeon, Abner Ward ; Assistant Surgeon, T. W. Stull ; 2d
Assistant Suigeon, E. L. Nelson; Chaplain, W. A. Spencer; Quartermaster, B.W.
Gates; Commissary, B. L. Chamberlain; Sergeant Major, John C. Ketehison ;
Quartermaster's Sergeant, J. R. Manville ; Veterinary Surgeon, G. E. Corwin ;
Commissary Sergeant, J. A. Soles; Hospital Steward, <!. Van Bathclle ; Chief
Trumpeter, G. W. Bartholomew ; Saddle Sergeant, W. D. Raslctt.
Co. A — Captain, R. A. Humphrey; 1st Lieutenant, L. Y. Smith; 2d Lieutenant,
B. Van Dyke.
Co. B — Captain, G. W. Corbitt ; 1st Lieutenant, R. R. Hakes ; 2d Lieutenant, J.
Weed.
Co. C — Captain, P. J. Kennedy ; 1st Lieutenant, D. P. Martin ; 2d Lieutenant, C.
W. McLenawee.
Co. D — Captain, W. C. Hazelton ; 1st Lieutenant, Andrew Denning; 2d Lieuten-
ant, S. D. Martin.
Co. E — Captain, M. E. Jones; 1st Lieutenant, Alexander Ridley; 2d Lieutenant,
E. Wane.
Co. F — Captain, J. Clapp ; 1st Lieutenant, R. Pierson ; 2d Lieutenant, C. W.
Sprague.
Co. G — Captain, George F. Warner; 1st Lieutenant, Lewis Rtieker; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Charles Scriber.
Co. H — Captain, John W. Delaney ; 1st Lieutenant, vacant; 2d Lieutenant, A.
V. Teeple.
Co. I — Captain, F. M. Gregory ; 1st Lieutenant, W. A. Chase ; 2d Lieutenant, R.
A. Sheldon.
WHERE TO FIND THE EIGHTH. 549
Co. K — Captain, R. J. Ingersoll ; 1st Lieutenant, G. Rupp ; 2d Lieutenant, George
R. "Wells.
Co. L — Captain, C. L. Bradley ; 1st Lieutenant, vacant ; 2d Lieutenant, B. F.
Lee.
Co. M — Captain, J. Sargent ; 1st Lieutenant, A. C. Fowler ; 2d Lieutenant, R. B.
Swartout.
A correspondent says with truth : " The old Eighth was like a
flying sword, turning every way ; never quiet, always on the start,
never caught napping, ever sleeping with one eye open. It was
never taken by surprise, lost but few prisoners, and with two or
three exceptions it always inflicted greater damage on the enemy
than itself received. Some one — Stoneman perhaps — asked Gene-
ral Sumner, while the Peninsular campaign was in progress, where
the 8th Illinois was ; and the old gray jhaired hero answered : 'You
gt to our outside picket line and then two miles further, and you
will find the 8th still four or five miles further on.' It always was
the first body of troops in an advance and the last in a retreat."
The following is an official list of casualties inflicted upon the
rebels by the 8th during the war :
Rebels put Jwrs du combat 3,948
Slaves set at liberty 3,000
Hoises killed and captured 4,110
Mules killed and captured 661
Sheep killed and captured 1 ,400
Cattle killed and captured 2,200
Wagons captured 280
Smuggling crafts destroyed 208
Ammunition, number of tons captured 10
Leather, number of tons captured 7
Pork, number of tons captured 16
Colors*captured 7
Pieces of artillery captured , 6
Besides the articles enumerated, the regiment destroyed and cap-
tured over $2,000,000 worth of corn, oats, etc., together with many
thousand stand of small arms.
But how few of the original gallant band returned at the close of
the war ! Scarcely one fifth ! The rest nobly gave up their lives
on the altar of their country — some from disease, others from the
fatal messenger which, as it went whistling through the air, gave its
550 PATRIOTISM OF [LLINOI8.
victim no warning note. Although many of them "sleep the last
sleep" on the banks of those Virginia streams, which have been the
silent witnesses of many a sanguinary fight, without any stone to
mark their last resting-place, still their names will live forever green
in the minds and hearts of their countrymen, even among genera-
tions yet unborn.
The record of the 8th cavalry from first to last is a glorious one,
and every member was a Marat — the hero of a hundred battles.
They fought " like brave men, long and well," and although some-
times opposed to overwhelming numbers of the enemy, never once
beat an inglorious retreat.
Major James D. Ludlam is the second son of Dr. Jacob W. Lud-
lam, formerly of Cumberland County, New Jersey, and more recently
of Evanston, Illinois. lie was born in Cumberland County, June
22, 1833, and was educated there for the calling of a farmer. In
1854, he removed to Chicago, and soon after arriving there associated
himself writh Messrs W. F. Dominick & Co., remaining with them
for five years. At the expiration of this time he embarked in mercan-
tile pursuits, and was successfully prosecuting his business at the
breaking out of the war, in 1861. When President Lincoln issued
his call for 300,000 men, and General Farnsworth secured permis-
sion to raise a cavalry regiment, General Beveridge waited upon Mr.
Ludlam, and together they signed the muster roll, on the 1 8th of
August, 1861. When his company was organized, he was choser
1st Lieutenant. The regimental organization was completed on the
18th of September, when Colonel Farnsworth appointed Lieutenant
Ludlam Adjutant. This position he filled with credit until August
4, 1862, when he was commissioned Captain of Company F. On
the day on which he received this commission, he was placed in com-
mand of a squadron. On the 1st of March, 1864, he was appointed
Major, vice William II. Medill, who died of wounds received in bat-
tle. When the 8th came home to re-enlist, Major Ludlam was one
of the first to enter his name for the " end of the war," and was
placed in command of the regiment, which he retained until its
return to Washington. In consequence of the continued ill health
of his family, he resigned his position in the army, in January, 1865.
This resignation was twice refused by his commanding officers, but
was finally accepted.
THE NINTH CAVALKY. 551
Major Ludlam was present with his regiment in every skirmish,
battle and march in which it took part on the Potomac and elsewhere,
except the battle of Gettysburg, when he was confined in the hospi-
tal at Georgetown. He was under fire between sixty and seventy
times, and had four horses killed under him. His record is that of a
gallant and meritorious officer.
NINTH ILLINOIS CAVALRY.
The 9th cavalry regiment was organized at Camp Douglas, Chica-
go, and was mustered into service October 26, 1861. The follow-
ing is the original roster :
Colonel, Albeit G. Brackett; Lieutenant-Colonel, Solomon A. Paddock; Major,
Rosell M. Hough ; 2d Major, Hiram F. Sickles; 3d Major, Hector J. Humphrey ;
Adjutant, Joseph H. Knox; Adjutant 1st Battalion, Charles M. Waterbury ; Adju-
tant 2d Battalion, Samuel Rockwood ; Adjutant 3d Battalion, Frank Cantello ; Quarter-
master, Samuel H. Price; Quartermaster 1st Battalion, Joseph W. Brackett;
Quartermaster 2d Battalion, Thomas E. Morrison ; Quartermaster 3d Battalion,
Frank Sheffield ; Commissary, Joseph W. Brackett ; Surgeon, Charts Brackett ; 1st
Assistant Surgeon, James W. Brackett ; 2d Assistant Surgeon, Stacy Hemenway ;
Chaplain, 0. Wkisor Briggs.
Co. A — Captain, Henry B. Burgh ; 1st Lieutenant, William C Blackburn ; 2d
Lieutenant, William M. Benton.
Co. B — Captain, Hector J. Humphrey; 1st Lieutenant, Thaddcus W. 0. Broffett ;
2d Lieutenant, Ransom Harrington.
Co. C — Captain, John S. Buckle ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles W. Blakcmore ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Francis H. McArthur.
Co. D — Captain, William J. Wallis; 1st Lieutonant, Lewellyn Cowen ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John H. McMahon.
Co. E — Captain, Ira R. Gifford ; 1st Lieutenant, Richard D. Ellsworth ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Benjamin 0. Wilkinson.
Co. F — Captain, Bernard A. Stampoffski ; 1st Lieutenant, Morland L. Perkins ;
2d Lieutenant, Dwight S. Heald.
Co. G — Captain, Henry M. Buell ; 1st Lieutenant, JohnE. Warner; 2d Lieutenant,
Henry A. Huntington.
Co. H — Captain, Linus D. Bishop ; 1st Lieutenant, Edwin W. Luce ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Henry Prather.
Co. I — Captain, William M. Chidister; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph W. Harper; 2d
Lieutenant, Leander L. Shattuck.
Co. K — Captain, Charles S. Cameron ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph E. Knox ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William McMannis.
Co. L — Captain, Louis F. Booth ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles T. Scammon ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William E. Bayley.
Co. M — Captain, Eliphalet R. Knight ; 1st Lieutenant, Jacob C. Shear ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Jacob Riner.
552 PATBI0TX8M OF ii.ii.noI8.
The regimenl left Chicago February IT and is, 1 >.;•_•, fur Sl
Louis, going from bhenoe to Pilot Knob, where it began a long
oampaigD in Missouri and Arkansas, reaching Jacksonport, Arkan-
May 5th. WTiile stationed here it lia<l many skirmishes with
the enemy. On the 27th of Jane, at Stewart's plantation, near
Jacksonport, it lost two men killed and thirty-five more <>r less wound-
ed ; aimmg the latter was Colonel Brackets On the 14th of July it
arrived at Helena, Arkansas, much exhausted from a fatiguing
march. Here it remained on outpost duty, varied by an occasional
skirmish and by General Washburn's expedition into Mississippi,
until January 9, 18G3. It then inarched with General Gorman on
his White River expedition. After going as far as Duval's Bluff,
it returned to Helena, arriving January 23d. Remaining at lid. na
until April 7th, it was then sent to Memphis, and on the 12th to
Germantown, where it was stationed on patrol and scouting duty,
making frequent reconnoissances into the enemy's country. It was
engaged with the enemy at Coldwater, Mississippi, July 28th, and
met and drove them at Grenada on the 1 8th of August. On the
26th it moved to Lagrange, where it was actively engaged in scout-
ing, reconnoitering and raiding. It skirmished with the enemy at
Coldwater on the Gth of October, and on the 8th had a sharp and
hotly-contested engagement at Salem, Mississippi. On the 18th it
again met them at Wyatt, Mississippi, where the ground was stub-
bornly fought over for nearly an entire day, the enemy retreating at
night under cover of the darkness. The regiment remained at La-
grange until November 7th, when it moved to Corinth, remaining
there, however, but a short time, when it returned to Lagrange. It
soon moved to Collierville, Tennessee, and on the 3d of December
met the enemy at Salisbury, and on the 4th at Moscow. In the
latter engagement the 9th bore a conspicuous part. On the 11th of
February, 1864, it marched with Generals Smith and Grierson on
the expedition into Mississippi. On reaching West Point General
Forrest was met and a brisk engagement ensued, the rebels being
driven at every point. The troops then countermarched, hotly pur-
sued by Forrest. At night the rear guard, in which the 9th was
included, formed inline of battle, and repulsed an impetuous charge.
The skirmishing was renewed the next morning and continued for
RE-ENLISTMENT. 553
several miles. The principal engagements of this expedition were
at West Point, February 21st; Okalona, February 21st, and Mount
Joy, February 2 3d, in all of which the 9th took an active part. On
the 24th it went into camp at Germantown. On the 16th of March
it re-enlisted as a veteran regiment and was immediately furloughed.
It returned to the field on the 27th of April, and went into camp at
Memphis. A detachment of the regiment accompanied General
Sturgis on an expedition to Guntown, and took an active part in the
battle of Tishomingo Creek, June 10th. On this expedition it had
five killed, twenty-three wounded and twelve captured, out of 160
engaged. On the 7th of July it marched with Generals A. J.
Smith and Grierson to Tupelo, Mississippi. At Pontotoc, Missis-
sippi, July 13th, the regiment, being in the advance guard, skir-
mished with the enemy, who attempted to check our march, but were
defeated and driven before our troops. The regiment participated
in the two days' fighting (14th and 15th) at Tupelo, Mississippi, and
at Oldtown Creek, Mississippi, July. 15th.
The 9th was again ordered out on an expedition to Oxford, Mis-
sissippi, August 3, 1864, commanded by General Giles A. Smith and
General Grierson, August 10th. It skirmished with the enemy at
Tallahatchie and at Oxford, August 11th. On this expedition it
had an engagement at Hurricane Creek, August 13, 1864, in which it
lost four killed and several wounded. It returned to camp at White
Station, near Memphis, Tennessee, September 4th, having been out
thirty-two days. September 30th it left camp and moved with
General Hatch's division to Middle Tennessee, via Summerville,
Bolivar, Jackson, Lexington and Clifton, where it crossed the river.
It moved from Clifton via Waynesboro, Lawrenceburg, Florence,
Waterloo, Hamburg and Savannah, returning thence to Clifton.
The command again moved via Waynesboro, Lawrence, Pulaski,
thence to near Florence, Alabama, where it met the advance of the
rebel General Hood's army. The 9th, being in advance, after a brisk
engagement successfully drove the rebels from the ford on Shoal
Creek, which they were picketing. It was then ordered to return
to join the command. Here the division commanded by General
Hatch remained, watching the movements and designs of the enemy.
November 11th the brigade was ordered to force the enemy from a
554 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
certain ford and cross Shoal Creek. The 9th Illinois cavalry
was ordered to cross a1 another ford above, and strike the ene-
my in the rear. This was successfully performed, but the brigade
had failed to dislodge the enemj and i ffecl a crossing, as was intended.
This Left the regimenl in a precarious situation. Urn a rigorous
attack upon the enemy's rear caused them to retire from the ford from
which the brigade had failed to dislodge them, and opened op a
way by which the regiment re-crossed the creek to the consternation
of the brigade. The regiment remained here, and skirmished with
the enemy daily until November I9th, when the brigade was ordered
to cross the river and camp at Bailey Springs. It had not pro-
ceeded far when it was attacked by the rebel General Buford's divi-
sion and nearly surrounded by greatly superior numbers, effectually
preventing its re-crossing at the ford which it had lately passed. A
crossing was found, and the brigade saved from the desperate attacks
of two rebel divisions. November 20th the whole rebel force under
General Hood moved forward, which compelled our troops to fall
back. November 24th, at Campbellville, Tenn< ssee, the enemy
crowded our rear so hard that it was necessary to make a stand and
hold them in check until the train could get out of danger.
The 9th performed an active part in the battle of Franklin, Ten-
nessee, November 30, 1864, and participated in the two days1 battles
in front of Nashville. December 15th and 10th it took an active
part in the pursuit of Hood's army to the Tennessee River. It then
moved to near Iluntsville, Alabama, thence back to Florence, thence
to Eastport, and then again moved back toward Florence, Alabama,
to Gravelly Springs, where it went into camp. It was actively
engaged from November 30, 1864, until going into camp January
10, 1865. On the 9th of February it moved to Eastport, Mississippi,
and went into camp, where it remained until the 23d of June, when
it moved to Iuka, Mississippi. July 4, 1SG5, it moved to Decatur,
Alabama, thence to Montgomery, Selma, and finally to Gainesville,
Alabama, August, 20, 1865. It was mustered out of the United
States service at Selma, Alabama, October 31, 1865, and ordered to
Springfield, Illinois, for final payment, arriving there on the 8th of
November.
The 9th Illinois cavalry marched 20,000 miles, and never did
any garrison duty after leaving Chicago in February, 1862.
THE SIXTEENTH CAVALRY. 555
SIXTEENTH ILLINOIS CAVALRY.
The 16th cavalry was composed principally of Chicago men.
Thielman's and Schambeck's cavalry companies, raised at the out-
set of the war, formed the nucleus of the regiment. The former
company served as General Sherman's body-guard for some time.
Captain Thielman was made a Major, and authorized to raise a bat-
talion. Thielman's and Schambeck's companies were thenceforth
known as Thielman's battalion, with the following roster:
Co. A — Captain, Berthold Marschuer; 1st Lieutenant, James W. Lavigne ; 2d
Lieutenant, Irving L. L. Ponds.
Co. B — Captain, Matthew Marx ; 1st Lieutenant, Milo Thielman ; 2d Lieutenant,
George Hamilton.
Schambeck's Battalion — Captain, Frederick Schambeck ; 1st Lieutenant, John G.
Rolli ; 2d Lieutenant, Julius Jaehe.
In September, 1862, the War Department authorized the exten-
sion of the battalion to a regiment, and on the 11th of June, the reg-
imental organization was completed, the following being the muster-
in roster :
Colonel, Christian Thielman ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Robert W. Smith ; 1st Major,
Frederick Schambeck; 2d Major, Milo Thielman ; 3d Major, Charles H. Beers ;
Adjutant, Joseph Gotthelf; Commissary, Bernhard Finger; Quartermaster, William
Bohlon ; Surgeon, Henry Parker ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Nathaniel W. Webber ;
Chaplain, Cornelius R. Ford.
Co. A — Captain, Berthold Marschuer; 1st Lieutenant, James W. Lavigne; 2d
Lieutenant, Irving L. L. Bonds.
Co. B — Captain, Matthew Marx; 1st Lieutenant, George Hamilton; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William S. Kclley.
Co. C — Captain', Julius Jaehne ; 1st Lieutenant, John G. Rolli ; 2d Lieutenant,
Benedict Weinger.
Co. D — Captain, Benedict Weniger , 1st Lieutenant, John Hoffman ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Frederick Herfert.
Co. E — Captain, Edward M. Seibel ; 1st Lieutenant, John G. Bush ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John Reiser.
Co. F — Captain, John Klein ; 1st Lieutenant, August W. Busche ; 2d Lieutenant,
Max Sehman.
Co. G — Captain, Charles Held; 1st Lieutenant, Emil Cotta ; 2d Lieutenant,
Friedrick Schueddig.
Co. H — Captain, William P. Gibbs; 1st Lieutenant, John Q. Hattery ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James D. Fox.
Co. I — Captain, Francis Jackson ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles C. Huntley ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John McKinstry.
556 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
ptain, Nathan 0. Qoodnow; Lot Lieutenant, John P. Button; 2d I
tenant, Abraham Allee.
I Captain, Edward A, Wolcott; let Lieutenant, William M. True ; BdlAen-
tenant, San.
Co. M -Captain, Hiram B. Sanchett; let Lieutenant, Henry D. Btocker ; Bd Lien-
tenant, Franklin B. Wakefield.
In October, 1863, the 16th was ordered to Knoxville, Tennessee,
and a portion of it participated in the memorable defence of that
place in November and December. A detachment nnder Colonel
Thielman constituted the garrison at Cumberland Gap, and one bat-
talion, under Major Beers, was sent up Powell's Valley, in the direc-
tion of Jonesville, Virginia. On the 3d of January, 186-4, this bat-
talion was attacked by three brigades of Longstreet's command, and
after maintaining its ground for ten hours, against five times its own
number, and losing heavily in killed and wounded, its ammunition
having become exhausted, it was compelled to surrender. The loss
of the regiment upcn this occasion was three hundred and fifty-six
men and fifty-six officers. Long afterward the rebels exchanged
less than one-third of these prisoners — sent them back in the most
wretched condition, from the horrors of the prison-pen at Andcrson-
ville. The others were victims of the frightful tortures to which
they were there subjected, and now lie buried in the national cem-
tery at that place.
After the conclusion of the East Tennessee campaign, the regi-
ment was, in February, 1864, ordered to report at Camp Nelson, at
Mount Sterling, Kentucky, where it was remounted, and in the lat-
ter part of April it left that place for Georgia. It then constituted
a part of the cavalry corps under General Stoneman.
It arrived at Red Clay, Georgia, May 10th, and on the 12th was
engaged in the battle of Vornell Station, where it lost one officer —
Lieutenant Kerfurth, wounded and captured — and twelve men. It
was then on duty almost every day, from that time until after the
fall of Atlanta — a period of nearly four months, during which it
participated in the battles of Rocky Face Ridge, Buzzard's Roost,
Resaca, Kingston, Cassville, Carterville, Allatoona, Kenesaw, Lost
Mountain, Mines Ridge, Powder Springs, Chattahoochee and various
engagements in front of Atlanta and Jonesboro. Returning to De-
catur, Georgia, it remained there till September 14th, and was then
MUSTER-OUT ROSTER. 557
ordered to Nicholasville, Kentucky, to again remount. On the 22d
of October it left that place for Nashville, and was ordered thence to
Pulaski, thence to Fayetteville and back, and then, after a few days,
to Waynesboro, near the Tennessee River. It had been there but
three days when Hood crossed the river at Florence and below, and
the brigade in which the 16th was then serving was ordered to fall
back. On this retreat it kept up a running fight with the enemy for
three days and nights until it reached Columbia. While the main
army remained here, the 16th was sent up Duck River to defend
some fords at which it was supposed the enemy would attempt to
cross. The expectation was realized, and in the six hours' engage-
ment which followed the regiment held its position triumphantly
against a vastly superior force of the rebels until dusk, when it
learned that a large body of the enemy had crossed Duck River and
got completely in its rear. The only support the regiment then had
was part of a company from the 8th Michigan and one company
from the 8th Iowa. The enemy had two brigades in line of battle
across the pike, and directly in the rear. The night was dark, and
our boys approached quietly until within one hundred yards of the
enemy, when the charge was sounded, and the lines of the enemy
were broken.
The 16th next participated in the battle of Franklin and in vari-
ous skirmishes between there and Nashville. It engaged in the two
days' battles at the latter place, and in the pursuit of the enemy to
the Tennessee River. It then returned to Pulaski and there went
into camp, but most of the regiment was kept on scouting duty from
that time until March, 1865. It then moved to Springfield, and in
May returned to Pulaski, whence most of it was sent to Holton,
Couitland and Decatur, Alabama. On the 18th of June it returned
to Pulaski and on the 2d of July it was ordered to Franklin, where
it remained, scouring the country in all directions, until ordered to
Nashville for muster out. It arrived in Chicago on the 23d of Ausc-
ust, 1865, for fioal payment and discharge. At that time its roster
was as follows :
Colonel, Robert W. Smith; Lieutenant-Colonel, Xathan C. Goodenow ; 1st Ma-
jor, John Hoffman ; 2d Major, Francis Jackson ; Adjutant, Charles F. Schreman;
Surgeon, Nathaniel W. Webber ; Assistant Surgeon, Eleazer C. Stangland ; Chap-
lain, Cornelius R. Ford ; Quartermaster, Almond S. Tomlinson; Sergeant Major,
558 PATRIOTISM OB ILLINOIS.
Samuel Btallinger; Quartermaster Sergeant, James T. Spear; Commissary Ser-
geant, Qottleib Scbindler; Eoepital Bteward, Julius Waguer.
Co. D — Captain, Frederick Hurfurtb ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles May ; "2d Lieutenant,
ta\ as Burk.
Co. K — Captain, Henry Stierman ; 2J Lieutenant, Julius Miller.
Co. F— lsl Lieutenant, Christ Eckelkamp.
Co. G — Captain, Adolph Gerisher; 2d Lieutenant, Adolph Sirioleor.
Co. II — Captain, John Q. Hattery ; 1st Lieutenant, Cliarlcs McCurdy.
Co. I — 1st Lieutenant, Hartwcll Silver.
Co. K — Captain, Abraham Alice; 2d Lieutenant, W. W. Vititon.
Co. L — Captain, Louis E. Ijams ; 2d Lieutenant, Henry Butler.
Co. M — Captain, Franklin B. Wakefield; 2d Lieutenant, James M. Mendenhall.
m
During its term of service the 16th marched about 5,000 miles
and engaged in thirty-one general battles and numerous skirmishes.
At its muster out the only members left of the original field and
staff officers were Colonel Smith, Captain Ford and Lieutenant
Finger. The original force of the regiment was 1,200 men. It
received 100 recruits, and at its discharge could muster only 285
men — showing a casualty list of nearly one thousand.
In January, 1865, Captain Hiram S. Hanchett, of this regiment,
was captured at Mount Pleasant, Tennessee, and taken to the rebel
prison at Cahawba, Alabama. There he organized the sixty men he
found in prison, systematized a plan of escape, and this band of
braves overpowered the guard, broke out and marched for two days,
fighting all the while, hoping to reach the river and capture a steam-
boat on which they might escape. After that struggle, however,
they were overpowered and taken back. A number of the fugitives
were killed, but for Captain Hanchett a worse fate was reserved,
lie was enclosed in a wooden box eight feet square, with one
aperture, through which his food was passed. Here he remained
until the rebels heard General Wilson was coming, and deemed it
was best to shift their quarters. Poor Hanchett was, by over a
month of this confinement, reduced to too feeble a state to move,
and they blew out his brains when they left.
SEVENTEENTH ILLINOIS CAVALRY.
This regiment was organized at St. Charles, Illinois, by Major
John L. Beveridge, who was called from the 8th Illinois cavalry for
that purpose, in November, 1863, by Governor Yates, at General
Farnsworth's suggestion.
THE SEVENTEENTH CAVALRY. 559
With but fifty men in camp, only $100 bounty allowed to their
recruits, an<l several veteran regiments at home recruiting in the
neighborhood on the $300 bounty, this new regiment yet numbered
five hundred men in two months. The subsequent allowance of
$300 to all recruits filled the ranks so rapidly, that nine companies
were mustered in January 22, 1864, and three more companies on
the 12th of February following. Its original roster was as follows :
Colonel, John L. Beveridge ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Dennis J. Hyn'es ; Major, Hiram
IJilliard ; 2d Major, Lucius C. Matlack ; 3d Major, Philip E.Fisher; Adjutant,
Samuel W. Smith ; Quartermaster, Philo P. Judson ; Commissary, John A. Colton ;
Surgeon, Samuel K. Crawford; 2d Assistant Surgeon, Samuel A. Dow; Chaplain,
Edward 0. Brien. .
Co. A — Captain, Francis Beaufort; 1st Lieutenant, Francis L. Clair; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Egbert Johnson.
Co. B — Captain, Samuel H. B. McReynolds ; 1st Lieutenant, Jonas L. Buck ; 2d
Lieutenant, Calvin H. Shapley.
Co. C — Captain, Jesse D. Butts; 1st Lieutenant, Jasper H. Waite; 2d Lieutenant,
Philip McRae.
Co. D — Captain, Edward J. Jones ; 1st Lieutenant, Israel Eldredge ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William S. Hutchinson.
Co. E — Captain, Charles Parker ; 1st Lieutenant, Marcus Davis ; 2d Lieuteuam,
Amos B. Follock.
Co. F — Captain, Reuben Baker; 1st Lieutenant, William W. Black; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Ebenezer M. Backus.
Co. G — Captain, Louis D. Kelly ; 1st Lieutenant, Christopher C. Kelly ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Ebenezer Knapp.
Co. H — Captain, William Hebard ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles D. Laribee ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William J. Laird.
Co. I — Captain, Nathaniel Vose ; 1st Lieutenant, Cyrus Hutchinson; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James TTpham.
Co. K — Captain, George Stratton ; 1st Lieutenant, Edward P. Grosvenor ; 2d
Lieutenant, Robert Souders.
Co. L— Captain, Benjamin Harding; 1st Lieutenant, Robert G. Dyhrenfurth ; 2d
Lieutenant, James H. Clark.
Co. M — Captain, John F. Austin ; 1st Lieutenant, John Acker; 2d Lieutenant,
Edward G. Wheeler.
After a brief sojourn at Alton, Illinois, awaiting a complete out-
fit, and in charge of rebel prisoners, the 17th was ordered to Mis-
souri. It engaged in the pursuit of the rebel army in October, 1864.
It was then divided into squadrons, and engaged in scouting service
in Missouri. During the ensuing spring it was re-united in Kansas.
In July, 1865, the second battalion, Major Matlack commanding,
560 PATBIOI [8M OF ILLINOIS.
whs sent to Glasgow, Boward County, Missouri. This poll was
adjacent Co numerous guerrilla strongholds. In Buch :i community
the battalion w as Bet down, numbering 850 men. Instantly on land-
ing, at midnight, telegraphic dispatches were handed to the Major,
announcing the approach of„formidable rebel bands. The leading
citizens were dreading an attack that night. Outposts were estab-
lished and personally inspected by the commanding officer, within
two hours, and an attack was prevented for that time. The next
day, peremptory orders from General Rosecrans directed the Ma-
jor, with 150 of the 17th, a squadron of the 9th Missouri cavalry,
from Fayette, Missouri, and several hundreds of Missouri militia,
from the north, to move out in search of the rebel Thornton, who
was reported to be in North Missouri with 1,500 men. Two weeks
of rapid movement, in three separate columns, failed to reach a has-
tily retreating foe. Returning to Glasgow, it was found that a small
force of the 17th had suffered in a fight, with superior numbers,
near Allen, Missouri. Thus was inaugurated a short, vigorous cam-
paign, which required for two months afterward a continual series
of scouting parties, whose skirmishes were occasionally severe, and
in some instances fatal to the boys from Illinois. But the guerrillas
dreaded the 17th.
The third battalion, with regimental headquarters, remained at
Alton until September, 1864, and then moved to Jefferson City,
Missouri, where the second battalion joined it, and the regiment, in
command of Colonel Beveridge, reported to General John McNiell,
at Rolla, Missouri. On the 28th of September, 1864, General Mc-
Niell learned of Price's attack and repulse at Pilot Knob, and of
General Ewing's retreat toward Rolla, and the approach of the rebel
army. The same night the enemy burnt Cuba, twenty-four miles
distant. To relieve Ewing from capture, and check the enemy,
General McNiell directed Colonel Beveridge to move out with the
17th at 11 A. M. of the 29th. At night the regiment reached Cuba,
driving before them a column of rebel cavalry. The next morning
(30th) it found Ewing with his force of 800 men, slightly entrench-
ed, looking tor an attack at any hour, and fearful of capture. The
present Governor Fletcher (then Cnlonel) has frequently expressed
his great delight at the deliverance wrought for them by the 17th.
BATTLE OF BOONEVILLE. 561
The enemy, rumored to be 20,000 strong, were now between Rolla
and St. Louis, on the way to the state capital, Jefferson City. They
had seized tne railroad, and destroyed the telegraph lines. No cer-
tain knowledge was attainable, nor orders from St. Louis. General
Sanborn's brigade had come up from Springfield, Missouri. Both
this and McNiell's brigades moved out at a venture, in the direction
of Jefferson City. On the second day out (October 2, 1854) the
advance scouts reported the enemy's column moving parallel to
theirs, within five miles, and they reached the capital only a few
hours in advance of Price. Preparations for a vigorous defence
were hastily made. The men worked with a will, for the enemy
outnumbered them three to one. The 17th had the post of danger
and honor, on the extreme right. Here an approach in force was
more practicable for the enemy, from the nature of the ground.
During the 4th of October, Gener&l Fisk, then in command, rode
over the ground examining the works, and General McNiell ad-
dressed the men of the 17th, in anticipation of the battle which
threatened to be a bloody struggle on the right. Already it had
commenced at the center with artillery, as a diversion of attention
from what was supposed to be their main objective point — the right.
And here the 17th was but thinly posted over a wide spread of open
country, unsupported. But being vigorously resisted at the center,
and apprehensive of serious trouble, the enemy moved by in the
night, heading for Booneville. Early on the 5th Colonel Beveridge,
with a few attendants, discovered the retreat of the foe, and soon
after the Federal army was in motion, following in pursuit. Major-
General Pleasanton having assumed command, the force was organ-
ized as one cavalry division, General Sanborn commanding, and
Colonel Beveridge at the head of the second brigade — the command
of the 17th devolving on Major Matlack. The enemy was found in
force at Booneville, October 11th, and attacked by the Arkansas cav-
alry vigorously, who drove in the skirmishers, but retired by order
when confronted by a heavy battle line. That night General San-
born directed Colonel Beveridge to attack with his brigade in the
morning, sending in two regiments successively at 4 and 5 o'clock.
The 5th Missouri was followed by the 17th Illinois. The first
named encountered a vigilant foe, who was driven promptly more
36
pAeiotism OF II. I. IN
than a mile, while the 17th followed in Bupport and moved to the
front as the 5th retired, carrying back its wounded. During a
lull 'm the battle, the lTtli whs posted a scurely t<> await the attack
of a reinforced foe. A Federal line of battle seemed to ext< ad its
right beyond ;i wood, where the rebels supposed the attacking force
to lay with its center and left. And the rebels could be heard
felling trees a short distance in front, to impede tin- continued
assault from the Federal lines. But every desired end was gained.
Their attention was first fixed in the front, while General Sanborn's
center division was moving back, to prevent being surrounded, and,
in order to unite with reinforcements now one day's march behind.
Carefully covering the rear of the division, the 17th moved hade in
good order over the bridge where the fight began, unobserved.
The Major commanding was the last man over, and, with two order-
lies, remained long enough to tear up the plank floor, so as to pre-
vent artillery following — at the same time enjoying the music of a
rebel cannonade, directed at the imaginary battle line, one mile in
their rear. Returning from California, Missouri, with reinforcements
and supplies, the Federals found that Booneville had been evacuated.
When within twenty miles of Lexington, Missouri, and still uncer-
tain of Price's exact position, the 17th was ordered to move out in
advance and fight its way through any force it could whip, on the
road to Lexington. Before reaching it, at midnight, a courier from
General Sanborn recalled it to Cook's Store.
A re-organization of the force gave the brigades to Generals Mc-
Niell, Brown, Sanborn and Winslow, and all under Major-General
Pleasanton, who moved forward rapidly through Lexington, over-
taking the enemy near Independence. Here the 17th, now under
Colonel Beveridge, was dismounted and deployed on the left, mov-
ing forward, while the 13th Missouri cavalry, supported by the 7th
Kansas cavalry, charged on the enemy, capturing their cannon at
noon. At midnight, October 22d, the whole force was again in
motion. Sanborn, Brown and Winslow, in separate columns, moved
westward toward Kansas City and Westport. McNiell's brigade
was sent south toward Little Santa Fe.
The field officer of the brigade for that day gives the following
narrative : " We moved out from Independence at 1 A. M., Octo-
BATTLE OF MINE CREEK, , 563
ber 23d, southward a few miles, and halted until daylight. The
morning .revealed the enemy's camp on our right a few miles, which
was soon astir from the attack of Pleasanton's column of three
brigades, whose admirable arrangements looked'to the utter surprise
and destruction of the rebel army. But McNiell's brigade lost, by
unwise delay on the road, several hours, and instead of intercepting
Price (who was stubbornly resisting the successful attack of Plea-
santon, and seizing his train now in the advance ), allowed it to pass
by in full view with but a feeble attack.
" Chafing with impatience at the restraint, which seemed unac-
countable, the 17th was at last relieved by an aide-de-camp riding
up and announcing — ' Colonel Beveridge will move his regiment as
a separate column, and attack the left flank of the enemy.' With a
hearty cheer the regiment rushed over the plain, half a mile, then,
after a short check passed down a rugged and almost impenetrable
ravine, slowly climbing the hill beyond, and, through the woods,
cautiously approached the foe, preparing for a spring upon their
wagon train, now passing before our eyes. But while yet moving
forward, a peremptory order from General McNiell recalled the regi-
ment to support a battery engaged at the front, and its best oppor-
tunity for distinction that day was lost. Before our faces the rebel
wagon train and an escort of thousands swept by unchecked, as the
battery was withdrawn, and the whole force retired to a safe distance
from the rebel guns."
Late the following day the brigade moved south from near Hick-
man's Mills, and joined the brigades with Pleasanton, in pursuit of
Price. The column moved sixty miles that day, passing through and
beyond Curtis' command from Kansas, twelve miles. Pleasanton
thus overtook the enemy. After a night of rain, without supper or
breakfast, the men pushed forward on the enemy at early dawn,
October 26th, and at the battle of Mine Creek captured Marmaduke
and Cabel, over a thousand prisoners with their arms, and ten pieces
of artillery.
With the sound of battle ahead — under orders to move to the front,
passing groups of prisoners on their way to the rear with captm'ed
cannon, seeing the dead and dying in the way — the men forgot
hunger and fatigue as they swept on in full gallop to overtake the
564 KOI ism OF n i :■
retri Vway, over the prairies in parallel columns; then,
ling the woods in irregular lines; anon climbing np the banks
of creeks, without pausing to iter, M Neill'e brigade, now in
advanee, still hastened forward. Bnndredsof horses fell out of the
; i ixhausted, but, with thinned ranks, the briga 1 n rer paused.
T e times thai < 1 : » > the enemy feigned to pause, and three times
McNii IPs briga le formed in battle array —once in clos lumn, squad-
ron front, for a few moments only, the enemy resuming the retreat;
again when passing over :i broken woode 1 country, near an op raing,
wlicr.' ih ■ rear guard of the foe, under cover, met it with a sharp
fire. Hut the woods were limited, and oouid be Qanked. II- e
General M sNIell ro le out near the 17th cavalry, :ui<l ah i ite 1, as the
boys swept by, charging with drawn saber in the face of a shower
of bullets, " Lei this light be finished right here with your sabers ! "
" Head of column left I" cried out the Colonel ; and away they went
with a loud huzzah, except one squadron, which wheeled to the
righl of the same woods, thus aiming to " scoop up " the rebel t
But with the fresh horses they gathered daily, they were soon at a
safe distance from Pe leral sabers.
With the same horses under them for three weeks, without sufli-
cient forage, the Federal cavalry had Lost half its strength. What
horses remained were now emaciated, panting with fatigue and want
of water. Slowly advancing a few miles, and while moving <•.
rising ground, there suddenly appeared in front the whole mam army
of Price, spread out on the vast prairie far and wi 1 •, in three lines
of battle with supporting columns, all quiet and m ttionlcss as statues.
It was a grand and imposing seene — the picture and poetry of war.
Every man of their 15,000 was in view : and they saw every man
of the Federal brigade, which was dwindled down to 1,500 men,
who, far from being overwhelmed with fear, hastened to form in line
of battle. It was shorter and thinner, but stronger than that of the
rebels, and advanced boldly. Every movement was seen. The
action commenced briskly on our right, which atl icked the rebel
line. They massed for a charge, and moved forward with screams
of fury on 'die Federal right wing, and were greeted with shouts of
defiance. The 17th Illinois was ordered from the extreme left to
strengthen the riirht of the center. The rebel right then hurried
CARBINES, REVOLVERS AND SABERS. 565
forward to flank the Federal left. With intense interest every eye
was busy, and every heart beat. Colonel Beveridge rode along the
front of his regiment to give the last directions — "Be firm now.
When in short range empty your carbines ; give them your pistols
next. Then, with drawn saber, let every man show how Illinois
serves traitors." Just then the music of the Federal cannon burst
in full chorus from the rear of the beleaguered brigade, throwing
shell most opportunely over into the charging mass of rebels, check-
ing and demoralizing it. This check allowed the 17th to return
promptly to its former position, when the rebel right retired speedily,
and their whole line fell back.
At or near sunset General Pleasanton sent an order to McNiell to
charge with his whole line. Some delay or hesitation occurred on
the right. McNiell rode up to Colonel Beveridge, exclaiming, impa-
tiently, " I cannot move forward the whole line with my voice. My
aids are nowhere to be found ; give me a lieutenant, and do you,
Colonel, move forward the 17th anyhow." Lieutenant Pollock was
detailed to convey orders to the right, and away went the 17th
alone, half a mile in advance of the center and right. With only
about 300 men it pushed up in the face of the enemy, who retired as
it approached, just at night. The brigade encamped on the enemy's
ground.
A few days after this the brigade returned to Roll a. The 17th
had left there a month previous over 500 strong, taking in after-
wards a squadron at Jeffei-son City. Less than 150 mounted men
came back, so destructive to animals had that continuous pursuit
been, extending over forty days and nights.
The winter now set in. Colonel Beveridge was brevetted Briga-
dier-General, and put in command of a military district in the depart-
ment of Missouri. Lieutenant- Colonel Dennis J. Hynes, Chief of
Cavalry of North Missouri District, on General C. B. Fisk's staff,
was relieved and returned to the regiment, for a time being in com*
mand of a military sub-district, with headquarters at Pilot Knob,
Missouri. Major Halliard, on duty in North Missouri, was recalled
to the regiment and put in command. Major Matlack was detailed
by order of General Dodge as Provost Marshal of the district of
St. Louis. Major Fisher, by the same, was made chief of cavalry
for the district of Rolla.
PATRIOTISM OF II. uv
The spring of 1 865 found the regiment, under the command of
Lieutenant-Colonel Elynes, al Cape Girardeau, Missouri. At this
the tenacity of Grant, the audacity of Sherman, the impel
ty of Sheridan and their overwhelming columns had oru
lion eastof the Mississippi. Beyond thai thenearesl rebel force was
' ral Jeff Thompson's, reported to be 60,000 strong. Early in
May, 1865, Major-General D al out Captain J. F. Bennett, of
his staff, and Lieutenant-Colonel Davis, Assistant Provosl Marshal,
to offer Thompson terms of surrender. The 17th was ohosen ib an
escort. Four companies under Lieutenant-Colonel Hynes cro
Che Si. Francis River at Chalk Bluffs, four companies under Major
Hilliard, with a section of artillery from the 2d Missouri, encamped
twelve; miles in the rear, whih- Captain Parker, with 60 men, went
forward with Captain Bennett, A. A. <r., to Jon Arkansas,
returning -May 9th with Jeff. Thompson, who arranged the surrender
of his forces, in two installments — at Wittsburg May 25th, and at
Jacksonport June 5th. The total was just 6,000, or one-tenth of the
force reported. This was the last of the rebellion; and this the
last time the 17th confronted the foe, and there concluded the Con-
fed. -rate chapter of events.
Pending negotiations with the Indian tribes this regiment was
aed at various points on the plains of Kansas, a portion of
them being at Fort Smith to sustain and witn oncludine
events in the Indian department of the rebellion.
During the winter of 1865-6, the regiment was mustered out at
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and returned home.
General John L. Beveridge was born July 6, 1824, in Greenwich,
Washington County, New York, and came to Illinois with his fath-
er's family, in the spring of 1842. He commenced the practice of
law in 1852, and in 1854 opened an office in Chicago. He enlisted
August 27, 1861, recruiting Co. "F," 8th Illinois cavalry, and upon
the organization of the company, September 17th, was unanimously
chosen Captain. The next day he was selected by the line officers
as one of the Majors of the regiment. In October the regiment was
ordered to Washington, and there, during the winter of 1861-2, in
the mud of Maryland and Virginia, he learned the severe duties of
camp life, and studied and practiced the drill and discipline of the
GENERAL J. H. BEVERIDGE. 567
cavalry soldier. He shared in all the marches and toils, dangers
and battles of that gallant regiment, amid the fortunes and reverses
of the Army of the Potomac, participating in the battle of Wil-
liamsburg, leading the advance under General Stoneman upon Rich-
mond, taking part in the battle of Fair Oaks, in the seven days'
fight around Richmond, and in the long days and weary nights of
picket duty around that city, and in the vicinity of Harrison's Land-
ing. Upon the retreat of the army from the James River, his reg-
iment was in the rear of the retreating forces, and his battalion the
extreme rear guard.
In the fall of 1862 he fought the enemy, in command of his regi-
ment, under General Pleasanton, at Purcellville,Uniontown, Aldie.,
Barber's Cross Roads and Amesville, and covered the rear and right
flank of the army, while swinging around under General Burnside,
to Eredericksburg. He 'took part with his battalion in the battle of
Fredericksburg, this being the only cavalry force that crossed the
river on that day. He was at Chancellorsville, and led his regiment
at Gettysburg, Willi amsport, Boonsboro, Funkstown, Falling
Waters, and five times over the ground between the Rappahannock
and Culpepper, fighting the enemy.
General Farnsworth having obtained permission from the War
Department to raise and organize another regiment of cavalry, athis
invitation, and by the consent of Governor Yates, Major Beveridge
undertook the recruitment and organization of the 17th Illinois cav-
alry, having resigned his commission for this purpose, November 3,
1863. He was mustered and commissioned Colonel of the 17th,
January 28, 1864, and was in command of it until October, 1865,
when he was ordered to St. Louis, to preside over a military com-
mission for the trial of military offenders, and was finally mus-
tered out of the service February 6, 1866. He was brevetted Briga-
dier-General for gallant and meritorious conduct, March 7, 1865. In
the fall of 1866, he was elected Sheriff of Cook County by 8,500
majority, and now holds that position.
CHAPTER XXXIV.
SKETCH AND INCIDENT.
The Eighty-Sixth in South Carolina — At Bentonville — Tue Sixty-fourth — With
Mower — The Fifty-second at Corinth — Colonel Buckner's Prayer — The II \rts-
ville Surrender — Colonel Moore's Official Report — Our Surgeons — Surgeon
Coatsworth — His Services — His Death — Colonel J. A. Davis — The Non-com-
missioned and Privates — Young Elliott at Shiloii — The Dead Letter — Ser-
geant Reynolds — Sergeant Jones.
MAJOR THOMAS of the 8Gth Infantry gives us an interesting
sketch of the participation of that gallant body of men in the
battles attending Sherman's march, an extract or two of which we
append: "My regiment had three captured at Catawba River.
About the time we left Savannah the Governor of South Carolina
issued a proclamation in which lie said his State was prepared for
the contest, was stripped to the waist, and meant to make herself the
arena of the Republic, but the result did not come up to his mani-
festo : the men fled, they had not even the courage to bushwhack us,
and when a rebel canH bushwhack he is badly demoralized, ami the
women were frightened out of their wits. I supposed if we ever
got to see a genuine specimen of Southern chivalry, certainly South
Carolina is the place to find the animal in his original purity. Con-
sequently I looked eagerly for one, but not a chivalry could I find.
I must say I was much disappointed both in the soil and people.
The soil is miserable.
"On the morning of the 17th we proceeded on our march, but
turned in the direction of Goldsboro, and on the morning of the 19th,
the 1st Division 14th Army Corps being in the advance, found the
rebels in a strong position near Bentonville. General Carlin formed
AGAINST ODDS. 569
liis lines and pushed forward with a strong skirmish line covering
his front and flanks. At the same time our division, the 2d, General
J. D. Morgan commanding, was moved to the right of Carlin, where
we threw up works of logs. The action had now become spirited
and general in front of the 1st Division, and we supposed all was
going right ; but the rebels found Carlin's flanks and came in his rear,
breaking his lines, and causing his entire division to fall back.
" Our brigade, the 2d, Brevet Brigadier-General Fearing command-
ing, was immediately moved from behind our works and thrown
forward into the gap, where we were soon hotly engaged, and while
contending with superior numbers in our front were flanked by two
lines of battle on our right. Owing to the dense undergrowth the
rebels had got well in our rear before they were discovered, and they
enfiladed our regiment, which was on the right of the brigade, with
a heavy fire. We swung our right back to a fence, and piled up
rails and logs in our front, and succeeded in repulsing repeated
assaults of the enemy. About 4 P. M. two divisions of the 20th
Corps arrived, and in the evening the 15th and 17th Corps began
to arrive. This was a hard fought battle, and for three hours two
divisions of the 14th Corps stood the impetuous assaults of John-
ston's entire force, supposed to be forty thousand. My regiment had
two killed, twenty wounded and one captured. Among the wounded
were Captain William B. Bogardus Company G, Lieutenant and
acting Adjutant S. L. Zinser Company G, and Lieutenant W. F.
Hodge Company II. Captain Bogardus died of his wound. The
Captain was a man of talent, a brave, noble man, and his loss was
deeply felt."
We give a few paragraphs from a MS. record of the 64th regi-
ment. The writer is detailing events connected with the " Great
March.'-'
"July the 12th — fought the enemy at Nanses Creek on the 17th,
and at Decatur on the 19th. The 64th Illinois was in the hardest of
the battle on the 22d, and fought the enemy hand-to-hand. During
this encounter the regimental flag was pierced by eighteen musket
balls, one shell, and was rent by a bayonet in the hand of a rebel.
The regiment captured forty-two prisoners, one rebel battle flag, and
the field-glass and papers of General McPherson, who had been
570 PATRIOTISM OF □ i.INOIS.
killed and robbed but a short time before ; andlosl eyenteen. men
killed, sixty-nine wounded and nine missing. Among the killed
Captain H. J. Stoner and L rat Barley Kingsbury, and
among the wounded, Colonel John Morrill, Captains William W.
Zuel, Jam* 3 H. Yates; Lieutenants Ward Knickerbocker, D.N. M;
and Theodore Gaylord.
"From the 22d till the 2'7th the regiment was each day skirmish-
ing with the enemy. On the 28th it was detached from its brig
and sent to the 15th Army Corps. Here it took position on a rise
of ground for the purpose of silencing a rebel b ittery. It had just
time to construct a temporary breast-work when the enemy chai
but were repulsed. Three times more they charged with a determi-
nation to dislodge the regiment, hut failed. The Windsor and
Henry repeating rifles, with which the regiment was armed, were
never handled with better effect. The number of rebel deal in the
regiment's immediate front exceeded its full number engaged. On
the 30th it rejoined its brigade, and from this date till the 20th of
August was engaged before Atlanta in fighting, digging entrench-
ments and advancing parallels, and the whole time under the enemy's
fire."
The same writer gives an account of the daring movement of
General Mowers division into the rear of General Joe Johns
head-quarters and across his line of retreat, at Bentonville, in which
the 64th participated.
"General Mower's division, on the morning of the 21st, was
ordered to make a demonstration against the enemy's left flank. For
this purpose the division moved to near Mill Creek, and formed in
line of battle, with the 64th Illinois in front as skirmishers. The
skirmishers had advanced but a short distance through a swamp
when they met the enemy's cavalry in line, with four pieces of artil-
lery, and at once charged them, and captured a caisson. Major J.
S. Revnolds, who was commanding the 04th Illinois, was ordered to
drive the enemy back as far as he could with his skirmishers. In
obedience to this instruction he forced the enemy's cavalry and
artillery back about two miles, captured General Joe E. Johnston's
head-quarters and forty horses that belonged to his staff and escort.
The skirmishers were now in the immediate rear of General John-
THE SIXTY-FOURTH AT BENTONVILLE. 571
ston's army, and on its only line of retreat, and General Mower's
infantry was moving up to support them. At this juncture General
Hardee's corps attacked General Mower with great fury on his left
flank, and was forcing him back toward the swamp. The skirmish-
ers now, without support and almost surrounded by the enemy, were
in great danger of being captured. But Major Reynolds, by a for-
tunate move, changed his precarious position to one of great advan-
The moment he saw that his support was being driven back
he contracted his line, and, directing Captain J. J. Long, who was
the acting Major, with Companies A and F to watch the enemy's
cavalry, he attacked the enemy's flank with great vigor. This had
the desired effect. General Hardee supposing that he was flanked
by a large force hastily fell back and reformed his lines, and he did
not discover the true state of affairs until General Mower had his
division well across the swamp, and the skirmishers gave him a part-
ing volley as they entered the swamp. The 64th Illinois lost thirteen
men in this engagement. Its loss would have been much greater
but for the splendid manner in which it was handled by Major Rey-
nolds, the rapidity of its movements, and the efficiency of Henry's
Sixteen Repeating Rifle with which it was armed.
"The day after this engagement Major-Generals Mower and Ful-
ler highly complimented Major Reynolds and the officers and men of
his regiment for their gallant service the previous day."
The participation of the 5 2d Illinois in the battle of Corinth is
thus sketched by J. D. Davis, Lieutenant-Colonel :
" Early on the morning of October 3d left Camp Montgomery,
Colonel Sweeney commanding regiment, General P. A. Hackleman
the Brigade, and General T. A. Davies the Division. Marched
through Corinth and' formed in line of battle one and a half miles
north of the town, where the combined forces of Price, Van Dorn,
Villipigue and Lovell attacked our forces. During the first day's
fight four separate lines of battle were formed, the enemy, by dint
of superior numbers, forcing us to retire until the fourth line was
formed in front of Fort Robinett. The fighting was most desperate
through the day; the heat was intense; many of our men were sun-
struck. At one time the whole command seemed nearly overpowered
by the extreme heat of the sun. The most desperate engagement of
.*>7:3 I'A : OP ILLINOIS.
the day took place at the third line, in the afternoon, the rebel force
beiog completely scattered by the galling fire poure I into tliem.
Thej booh threw in fresh troops, however, and forced u> from that
position. During the engagement al the third line, Adjutant Edward
Brainard was killed, also General Hackleman, commanding bri
Colonel Sweeney took command of the brigade, and Lieutenant-
Colonel Wilcox of the regiment. During the nighl of ill i 3d wo
changed position several times, thus preventing all possible chance
of obtaining the vest so much needed. Before daylight of the ttfa
the enemy commenced shelling the town, and having obtained the
; range, their shots were effective. In half an hour their guns
were silenced by our batteries. At 10 A. M. they emerged from the
woods in two columns of attack, one upon Fort Robinett, and the
other upon Redoubt Richardson, where the 52d was posted. Rapidly
they came in splendid style, firing as they advanced, and, taking advan-
tage of the ground to our front and right, succeeded in gaining pos-
sesion of the redoubt, causing the artillery horses with caissons to
stampede in great confusion. Finding the troops on the right of the
redoubt had given away, the 52d was ordered hack, and soon after
the entire division followed its example. Retiring some two hundred
yards, the 52d rallied while yet exposed to the fire of the enemy,
and immediately began to advance, followed by the entire brigade.
The ground lost was retaken, all the guns recaptured and turned
upon the enemy, and successfully worked by men of the 52d. From
one gun, alone, seventeen shots were fired upon the retreating enemy,
thus making the rout complete. The entire command bivouacked
on the battle ground that day and night. The loss of the regiment
during both days' fight was seventy killed and wounded. On the
morning of October 5th started in pursuit of the enemy, proceeded
as far as Ruckersville, and returned on the 12th — total distance
marched, seventy-five miles. October 13th the regiment was ordered
to the hills of the Ilatchie River, to pick up tents, <fcc, abandoned
by the enemy in their flight. The regiment started, tired and foot-
sore, having been constantly on duty since the battle of Corinth ;
returned October 16th, having marched forty miles."
A friend sends the following incident: " Colonel Buckner of the
79th (who first entered the service as 1st Lieutenant in the 25th, and
buckner's prayer. 573
participated gallantly in the battles of Pea Ridge and Corinth,
resigned ; re-entered the 77th — was Major, and bore himself so gal-
lantly at Stone River as to be promoted Colonel — was in the battle
of Chickamauga, under Thomas — led a charge up Mission Ridge, in
front of Bragg's headquarters, and captured two pieces of artillery,
and was in the long East Tennessee campaign against Lohgstreet)
■ — was a clergyman and member of the Illinois Conference Metho-
dist Episcopal Church. At the battle of Rocky Face he was ordered
to charge a fort, and seeing that the effort was almost hopeless, he
kneeled down in front of his regiment, and in full view of the ene-
my, and with his clear, strong voice committed himself and his
regiment to the care of God, and rising from his knees, and drawing
his sword, ordered the charge. The rebels held their fire until the
Colonel with his brave boys were within forty yards of their guns,
when they opened a most murderous fire — the Colonel was shot
through the body, scores of his officers and men fell all around him,
an! the charge was unsuccessful. 'But for that prayer,' says the
Colonel, 'I should not only have been wounded, but killed' — this
was on the 9th of May, 1864. He was not able to join his regiment
again until October, 1804. After his return to his regiment he parti-
cipated in the battles of Spring Hill, Franklin and Nashville, and in
each of these bloody engagements bore himself with his usual gal-
lantry. Of course such a man never forgot his Christian or minis-
terial character, and of course the soldiers went to hear him preach
or followed him to the front of a blazing battery Avith equal confi-
dence. The men of the 79th say, ' there was no braver man or
better man than Allen Buckner.'"
The surrender at Hartsville called forth serious allegations against
the 104th regiment, and its commander, Colonel Moore, reproduced
in permanent form by writers upon the war. We append the official
report of Colonel Moore, as the other side of the question. One or
two statements from other parties may be given. A writer in an
Ottawa paper says:
" Colonel Moore was on his horse during the whole engagement,
riding back and forth, encouraging the men amidst a storm of shot
and shell." Lieutenant Green, of the 11th Kentucky, said, "A
braver man than Colonel Moore never went into battle, and the
67* PATBI0TI8M OB [LLINOIS.
104th covered itself with glory." An Ohio Colonel said, "The
KMili foughl like bulls." The simple truth scorns to be, the cora-
mand was ovi rpowered by Buperior numbers, and after fighting
bravely, surrendered.
Prior i" the war, Colonel Moore was in the employ of the Illinois
Central Railway, and Clerk of Lasalle County, and was elected
i 1 of the I04th by a large majority. After being exchanged.
he returned to the regiment, and participated in its marches and
skirmishes until it reached Chattanooga. September 9th he resigned
on account of disability, and the regiment was commanded by Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Hapeman.
The official report of the Colonel is as follows :
"Camp Dnrru.AS, Ciiicaco, Illinois,)
" February 25, 1863. f
" Major-General Rosecrans, Department of Cumberland :
"Having been exchanged as a prisoner of war, and released from my confine-
ment in a rebel prison, I hasten to give you my report of the battle at Ilartsville,
Tennessee, which occurred December 7, 1802.
"The 39th brigade, consisting of the 104th Dlinois infantry, 106th and 108th Ohio
infantry, the 2d Indiana cavalry, one company of the 11th Kentucky cavalry, and
a section of Captain Xicklin's battery, was placed under my command, on the 2d of
December, 1802, in consequence of Colonel Scott, of the 19th Illinois, who was
commanding the brigade, returning to his regiment.
"I entered upon my duties, and did all that I could to be in readiness, if wc should
be attacked. Our position on the bank of the Cumberland River was the same
ground ocupicd by the brigade that was there before us. The vidette and picket
stations were selected by Colonel Scott. Upon my taking command, I increased the
vidette and picket force, and every possible avenue of approach to our camp was
well guarded, videttes being about one and a half miles and the pickets one half
mile from camp. The country for miles every day was scouted by the cavalry, and
every precaution was used to give us timely warning of the approach of the enemy,
should they attempt to attack us.
" On Saturday night, December 6, 1862, General John IT. Morgan, of the rebel
army, started from ' Band's Mills,' eight miles south of Lebanon, Tennessee, and
twenty-five miles from Hartsville, for the purpose of attacking me at Ilartsville.
His force consisted of six regiments of cavalry, two regiments of infantry (the 2d
and 9th Kentucky), and fourteen pieces of artillery. Besides this overwhelming
force, the citizens between Hartsville and Lebanon joined the rebel forces, until
they amounted to between 5,000 and 6,000 men. This force, excepting about 1,000
cavalry, crossed the Cumberland River under cover of night, between me and the
forces 6tationed at ' Castilian Springs.' The advance guard of the rebels were
dressed in the Federal uniform, and succeeded in deceiving my videttes, and cap-
tured them without firing a gun. The rebels then pushed on with their entire force
HAETSVILLE. 575
toward our camp. The pickets gave the alarm and held the rebels in check until
my force was in line of battle, ready to receive them. The brigade was promptly
in line, and commenced the battle by attacking the enemy before they had time to
form. The rebel infantry were mounted on horses behind the cavalry. The entire
rebel force dismounted about one mile from camp, and fought as infantry, excepting
Bennett's cavalry, which dashed into the town of Hartsville to capture Co. 'A,' of
the 104th Illinois, which was acting as provost guard of the town. The 1,000 cav-
alry before mentioned, parted from the main body, and crossed the river eight miles
north of the camp. But this did not arrive in time to participate in the fight, but
succeeding in capturing the cowards who had deserted us in the time of need.
" My force consisted of about 450 men of the 104th, and about 250 effective men
each in the lOGth and 105th Ohio, and 280 of the 2d Indiana cavalry and 11th Ken-
tucky cavalry, and a section of artillery, being about 1,200 men. I had sent on
Saturday, December 6, 1862, to Gallatin, as a guard to our provision train, three
companies of infantry, one company of cavalry, and thirty mounted infantry men,
amounting to nearly 200 men ; and a great many being sick in the hospital at the
time of the attack, left me but the small force of about 1,200 men, to contend with
5,000 of the rebels, and their artillery of fourteen guns, some of them twelve
pounders.
"The battle commenced about J before 7 o'clock A. M., and continued until 8|
o'clock A. M., one hour and three quarters. The 104th Illinois fought heroically and
maintained its position. The 2d Indiana cavalry and 11th Kentucky cavalrv also
did nobly. The 100th Ohio acted shamefully, and left us in the midst of the fight,
many of the men running for shelter in the tents of the 108th, which were in the
rear of our line of battle. All efforts of myself and Lieutenant-Colonel Stewart, of
the 2d Indiana cavalry, to rally them, were unavailing. The 108th Ohio, being en-
tirely destitute of field officers, fought well for a short time, but soon were thrown
into confusion and retreated, although Captain Phiepho and other officers of the
regiment did their utmost to keep the men in front of the enemy, and to stand their
ground. The section of artillery, under command of Lieutenant Green, did good
execution, and all men connected with the battery done their duty faithfully and
bravely.
" After the battle had raged furiously for some time, and seeing the rebels in front
commence wavering under the severe and deadly fire of my men, I gave the order to
charge, feeling confident that we could cut our way through the rebel ranks. Im-
mediately upon giving the order, the stampede of the 106th commenced, which
then brought a tremenduous fire upon the 108th, they being the center, and were
soon flanked on the right, and gave way in confusion. I withdrew the order to
charge, and directed the 104th to hold the rebels in check until I drew our guns,
now entirely unsupported on the right, to another position. They did so. The guns
were moved on top of the bluff, on the edge of the river, about two hundred yards
from their former position. I then ordered the 106th and 108th to form by the
guns, but they were so scattered that it was impossible to expect any further assist-
ance from them. I then ordered the 104th to fall back to the guns, which they did
in good order, contesting every inch of the ground. After arriving at the guns,
and forming in our new position, and many of the 104th being killed and wounded,
and were now completely surrounded, and one-half of my force captured, by desert-
l'.Vl RICH [8M OP ILLINOIS.
ing their positions without ordei i, I was compelled to surrender, as fighting !
would o ! increase the number of killed and wounded, as we were contending
against i» fori e of ten i , after forming in oar new line of battle.
■ r ie rebel loss, ai cording to their own statements to me, was about 400 in 1< I J I • - « 1
and wounded, the gr£ator part of which were carried from the field.
"I have given you a correct history Of the battle, and 1 did suppose that after
nd three-quarters hours, we certainly would receive reinforcements,
Md had they come to us promptly, from Castilian Springs, the result would have
been different, and 1 indulged the hope, and encouraged the men to fight one hour,
and we would be reinforced; bul after one and three-quarter hours of hard fighting,
we were c impelled to surrender, and another hour passed before we were marched
out of camp, and still no luJp.
"To Lieutenant-Colonel Stewart and Major Hill of the 2d Indiana Cavalry, Cap-
tain Slater of the 11th Kentucky Cavalry, Lieutenant Eapeman and Major Widiner
of the 104th Illinois Infantry, and all the officers and men of the foregoing regi-
ments and companies acted with great coolness and bravery upon the battle-field,
and to each and all of them I feel indebted for aiding and assisting me in our strug-
gle to overcome the enemy ; and had our comrades remained firm we could have held
out until reinforcements arrived.
" Captain Phiepho of the 108th also performed his duty well. Captain Wm. T.
Gholson, my A. A. A. G.„ while attempting to rally the 106th was shot and soon ex-
pired. He was a brave and noble young man. Lieutenant Jacob Dewal, my A. D.
C, was very active in carrying my orders to all parts of the field. And in conclu-
sion of this part of my report I will say I love every man who fought, I hate every
dog tliat run.
"It was the first time that any of the infantry regiments engaged in the battle
were under fire.
"I respectfully request that when the officers of the 2d Indiana Cavalry arc re-
leased, as prisoners of war, and the Lieutenant-Colonel and Major of the 104th
Illinois Infantry also are released, that you will give a court of inquiry into the mat-
ter, and if I have done anything wrong or neglected any duty, I am willing to be
censured; but I have the consciousness that I have done my duty the best I could.
Also wish to have the conduct of every officer who ran like a coward from the field
fully inquired into. I took the command of the brigade on the 2d of December and
on the morning of the 7th the fight occurred. I had never received any orders from
any source to take command, nor never received instructions from any source wheth-
er I was to have command or otherwise, except, as the command was handed over
to me by Colonel Scott.
" I have the honor to submit this report direct to you, learning that General
Dumont had resigned. I have the honor to be
"Your obedient servant,
"A. B. Moork,
"Colonel 104th Illinois Infantry and commanding 39th Brigade."
The position of Surgeon was Bought by thousands at the begin-
ning of the war, but as it advanced and the office was found to demand
^
-
l^/ '0£rcj£f£t,-zr? /A
3 .VOLS
SURGEON- COATSWORTII. 577
stern persistence, great labor and constant responsibility many
resigned. For this there was some apology. The way to promo-
tion was closed. There was nothing before the Surgeon but hard
toil, and smaller pay than skill such as he needed for his work
would command in private practice unless he felt that duty required
him to remain with his regiment or at his post. It is matter of con-
gratulation that the State enrolls the names of many such men.
Surgeon George Coats worth of the 88th Illinois Infantry, was
born in Romney, Canada West, February 3, 18.32. His early edu-
cation was cared for, and he Avas placed for a time under the tuition
of an English clergyman for classical instruction, and was subse-
quently placed in the Canada Academy in London, Canada West,
in Avhich he remained several years and graduated with honor. He
commenced the study of medicine, entering the medical college at
Buffalo, where he was a close student three years, spending his
vacations among the hospitals of New York. He graduated honor-
ably, the faculty commending his proficiency in anatomy and
medicine.
His first field of practice was Kingsville. Here he was married
to Miss S. S. Flood, his faithful wife, and herself subsequently a
devoted laborer among the sick and wounded soldiers of the Union.
May 27, 1856, he was commissioned Surgeon of the 4th Battalion
Essex Artillery (Canadian), and perhaps this created in him a love
of military life. Upon the death of his father, he removed, in 1857,
to Chicago, bringing with him strong testimonials from eminent
gentlemen of the profession. He was associated as senior with Dr.
Wardner, and at once secured a successful practice.
After a year he engaged in the study of the Law. The Cook
County Medical Association expressed by formal resolution its
regret at his decision, and declared that " he retires with our pro-
found respect for his many attainments, and our best wishes for his
success in the new sphere which he has chosen."
He studied intently and under great difficulty, and was admitted
to the bar and entered into practice with Hon. Lester L. Bond. Judge
Manierre said, " Young Coatsworth is determined to become one of
the leading spirits of the West. He possesses undoubted talent — a
superior education, breadth of mind and depth of soul, which, com-
37
r.v: i:i"i IBM OF ii. I. in
bined with an agreeable a Ldress, greal energy and force of charac-
ter must make him successful and thai largely."
Bui many oonsiderati ins induced him to return to his first pr<
gion. II" did noi begrudge his time and labor spenl in Btudying the
law for it was a valuable discipline. Be was a ready speaker and
frequently addressed the public with much acceptance.
In L861 he offered his services to the country, went to Springfield,
passed his examination, received a firsl class certificate and was com-
missioned Burgeon of the 22d Illinois [nfantry.
The 22d was sent to Bird's Point. Here Surgeon Coatsw.
labor was incessant, for the miasma and heat caused much sickness,
and a number of surgeons were prostrated. The hospital system
was also to be arranged. In this work he was entirely successful,
and the hospitals under his charge were spoken of as models in their
neatness and general management, and received commendation
from the Medical Board, of Inspectors.
At Length his health gave way, and he went down under a severe
attack of typhoid fever, from which he rallied in time to attend up-
on the wounded of Farmington and Belmont, and his success was bo
marked, that lie was appointed Post Surgeon at Paducah, February
19, 1862. He had ample scope for his surgical ability, when the
wounded of Donelson and Shiloh were brought in, and received
flattering recognition of his skill. He had great endurance. It is
said, he stood at the operating table three days and nights with but
one hour's rest in twenty-four! Newspaper correspondents bore
testimony to his superior skill, and the admirable arrangement of
the hospitals under his charge.
After five months he re-joined the 22d, and accompanied it in its
severe Alabama campaign, and resigned soon after the battle, of
Corinth, to recruit his health and wasted strength.
After brief rest, he again entered the service, and was appointed
Surgeon of the 88th. With ripened experience he engaged in his
duties. At the battle of Perryvillehe was under heavy fire, but was
cool and collected in the discharge of his duties, and was impartial,
regarding it even the highest duty to minister to the untitled soldier,
the friendless private. General Sill pronounced the Perryville hos-
pital under his care, the best regulated he had seen in the service,
and recommended it as a model to others.
TESTIMONIALS. 579
He attended the regiment in its rapid inarches until the battle of
Stone River. He devoted himself to the relief and care of the men,
and for eight and forty hours scarcely gave himself leisure for food
or rest. Rest he could not, with the groans of the unattended
wounded sounding in his ears. It was too much — his strength gave
way — the strong man bowed, and he sunk into the last sleep on the
9th of January. His one sorrow was that his wife was not with
him — his wife, who he said, " has been to me the stimulus to all high
and noble ambition, the benefactor, and guiding-star of my life."
The regiment mourned his death. At a meeting of officers, the
following record was made:
" The officers of the 88th Eegiment Illinois Volunteers, deeply feeling the loss of
their Surgeon, Dr. George Coatsworth, who died of pneumonia, at Murfreesboro,
Tennessee, January 9, 1863, were called together by Colonel Sherman, when a com-
mittee, consisting of Lieutenant-Colonel Chadbourne, Captain Sheridan, Captain
McClurg, and Lieutenant Bigelow, was selected to draft resolutions expressive of
their feelings. Lieutenant-Colonel Chadbourne, on presenting the resolutions, re-
marked, that he did not feel that the occasion was an ordinary one ; that he was op-
posed to the usual way of calling meetings and passing the customary resolutions.
He believed that every one present felt the loss of a true friend in the death of Dr.
Coatsworth. The resolutions passed were as follows :
" Whereas, Providence has seen fit to remove from us our Surgeon, George
Coatsworth, by death — Resolved, That we, the officers of this regiment, tender to his
family our heartfelt sympathy in this their sudden bereavement. We bear willing
tribute to his many excellences of character, and his greatness of head and heart.
To us his death is an irreparable loss, and to the profession of which he was so able
a member. In our friend we recognize a man of more than ordinary ability and at-
tainments. Our respect and love for him increased as a continued daily association
with him developed those traits of character which a less intimate acquaintance
would fail to discover. We feel that not only has the regiment, by his death, lost
a true friend and skillful surgeon, but the profession one of its clearest thinkers,
most devoted students and accomplished operators. But, though the loss is hard
to bear, we find relief in the fact, that he died in the noblest way a man can die —
at his post, in the laborious and faithful performance of his duty.
" F. T. Sherman, Chairman.
" J. Seymour Ballard, Secretary."
A touching letter was written Mrs. Coatsworth, and subscribed
by the officers of the regiment, from which we make an extract :
" Dr. Coatsworth had been with us for some months, but we had just begun truly
to know him. Every day as it passed showed us more and more the keenness of his
intellect, the kindness of his heart, the genial nature of his disposition, and the
580 PATEIOTI8W OF [LLINOI8.
strength of his character. The future opened up before him in nil the
of ita possibilities, and be bad long resolved upon a lifi ■■■■ and its at-
• wards aud honors. But this was nol to be. Th etemed only
rolled awaj for a moment, that his Bun mighl set in its natural brilliancy. At the
opening <if the battle of Murfreesboro, he entered on his labors with that earnest
seal which always characterized bis devotion to bis profession. Night and day lie
labored unceasingly. Rest he forsook, and scarcely paused for neo< For
forty-eighl hours he thus labored, forgetful of himself, and only anxious to relieve
the sufferings of others, until even his mighty strength gave way, and he sank into
that grave from which he had rescued so many. It was for others to die on the
field of buttle by the bullets of the enemy ; he died no less gloriously at the
of duty."
Suitable expression was made by the physicians of Chicago, on
motion of the distinguished Dr. N. S. Davis.
His remains were brought to Chicago, and appropriate funeral ser-
vices were conducted by Rev Dr. Swazey, after which they were
removed to his former home in Canada.
Thus passed one who gave his life to the country as truly as did
Chandler, of the same regiment, who fell in the battle roar. He
died, not only for his adopted country, but for its soldiers, for had he
cared less for them, he might have saved his own life.
His devoted wife used every effort to reach his bedside, but was
not in time to watch him over the river.
Colonel John A. Davis of the 46th Illinois is another of the brave
men who gave their lives to their country. II ! was born in Craw-
ford County, Pennsylvania, October 25, 1823. Coming when a
mere lad to Stephenson County, Illinois, he built up his reputation
among his fellow farmers. They selected him to represent them in
the Legislature of 1857 and 1859.
In September, 1861, he enlisted as a private, was elected Captain
and reported his company at Springfield, when the Governor gave
him a commission as Colonel of the 46th. It was thrown at once
into active service, and under command of its Colonel participated
in the capture of Fort Donelson, where, after Mc demand's
division was driven in, it was ordered to the same position to sup-
port Dresser's Battery.
He was in Veatch's Brigade of Hurlbut's division at Shiloh,
and from Sunday morning at 8 o'clock until 1 o'clock Monday was
under fire, when, after having two horses shot under him, a ball
COLONEL DAVIS. 581
passed through his right lung and lie fell, as was supposed, mortally
wounded. lie had performed prodigies of valor and his fall wag
felt to be a sore calamity.
Returning home he declined invitations to political preferment
answering, " I can better serve my country in following the torn
banner of my regiment in the battle-field than in Congress."
Pie did not wait for entire restoration but with his right arm still
useless from the effects of his wound, he started to rejoin bis gal-
lant soldiers. Passing through Cairo, his friends, believing that his
patriotic ardor had overborne his discretion urged him to return until
he should regain the use of his arm. He answered simply yet with
true eloquence, " My country needs me and I can manage my regi-
ment with my left hand."
Rejoining his regiment at Bolivar, his " boys " gave him a hearty
welcome and presented him a noble horse with full equipments. On
the holsters was a heart-shaped silver-plate on which was inscribed
"Presented to Colonel John A. Davis, by the officers and soldiers
of the 46th regiment of Illinois Volunteers, as a token of respect
for his heroism and bravery on the battle-fields of Donelson and
Shiloh."
In the battle of Corinth he fell mortally wounded, and in a few
days died. His remains were conveyed to his home, " Rock Run,"
where loving hands laid them peacefully to rest. A brave man's, a
true soldier's, dust sleeps there !
But who shall write the glorious record of the "non-commis-
sioned" and the private soldier? Could we gather up the deeds
they wrought and the words they said they would excel the stories
of old romance and dim the deeds of chivalry. They sought no
" holy groil " in romantic wanderings, but gave freely their persons
and their lives to Union and Liberty one and inseparable. A
glimpse at the life they led and the death they died is given in one
or two appended incidents.
My first is that of young John Elliott of the 46th whose parents
reside at Baileyville, Illinois. The son fell at Shiloh. The Lieu-
tenant-Colonel of the 5th Ohio Cavalry was attracted by his appear-
ance as he lay dead upon the field and examined his effects sufficient-
ly to ascertain his name and wrote to his parents. The letter was
583 PATRIOT tBM OF ILLINOIS.
Bent to Minnesota, and thence to the dead letter of$oe. The clerk
who opened it senl the extracl below to Harper** Weekly, and thus
it came to the eyes of his parents who recovered tlio blood-stained
Bible :ind other remnants:
" Friknds. — On the evening of Monday, April 7, 18C2, about five o'clock, after my
■nt had been halted in its pursuit of the fleeing I rode
slowly around the field, meditating on the result <>l that bloody action (Shilol
Berving the effect of the 'bolts of war' on the dead bodies which covered the
ground. Various were the attitudes and expressions of the fallen heroes ; yet as I
rode along one smooth-faced lad, whose features were lit up by a smile, so atti
und riveted my attention as to cause me to dismount and examine him. His uni-
form was neat as an old soldier's, his bu bed, his person clean, his hair
well combed, lying squarely on his back, his face toward the enemy, his wounds in
front, from which the last life-drops were slowly ebbing, his hands crossed on hia
breast, and a peaceful, heavenly smile resting on his marble features. I almost en-
vied his fate as I thought,
" ' How sleep the brave who sink to rest,
By all their country's wishes blest !
* * # * *
By fairy hands their knell is rung,
By forms unseen their dirge is sung ;
Lo ! Honor comes, a pilgrim gray,
To bless the turf that wraps their clay,
And Freedom shall a while repair
To dwell a weeping hermit there.'
" 1 nsked the bystanders who that lad was. No one could tell. Hoping to find
some mark on his clothing by which I could distinguish him, I unbuttoned his round-
about, and in the breast pocket found a Bible, on the fly-leaf of which was an in-
scription by his mother to 'John Elliott.' In the same pocket was a letter from
his mother, and one he had wiitten to his uncle , both dabbled with blood. Pleased
with getting these data from which to trace his family, I determined to preserve the
Bible and letters and send them to you. I have since regretted that I did not ex-
amine all his pockets and save whatever may have been in them ; but my time was
short, and I felt that the Bible he had so faithfully carried would be treasure enough
for vou, and iw the hurry of the moment I did not think to look for anything else.
His remains received decent sepulture that night, and he now sleeps in a soldier's
grave.
" And now, my dear friends, I would have written to you weeks ago, but was long
sick in camp, was sent to Ohio low with fever, and am but just able to begin to sit up.
" You have doubtless wept over your dead boy. No human sympathy could as-
suage your grief. Yet He who guides and governs the universe of man and matter,
I doubt not. has thrown around you ' everlasting arms,' and supported your faint,
bereft, and bleeding hearts.
" After a while, when time shall have healed the wounds that war has inflicted, it
HOLDEN GUARDS. 583
will be a heritage of glory for you to reflect that your boy died in the cause of hu-
man rights and to save the life of a great nation ; and you can with righteous pride
boast that he fell in the thickest of the fight, with dead rebels all around him, his
face to the foe, and in the ' very forefront of the battle.'
"He died a young hero and martyr in the holy cause of freedom, and Elijah rid-
ing up the heavens in a chariot of fire had not a prouder entrance to the Celestial
City than your boy. Let your hearts rejoice that there is one more waiting to wel-
come you back to the ' shining shore.' "
Another son died in the hospital at Shreveport, as the letter of the
Lieutenant said, '; in full Christian faith."
We have before us a record of the " Holden Guards" (88th), an
excellent company, and commanded by a noble soldier. It is im-
possible to reproduce it in full, for worthy as it is— nobly as that
band of young heroes fought, and bravely as they died — there were
thousands of such companies, and great multitudes of such heroes.
But in the roll of its honored dead, there are two cases illustrative
of the soldier's finale. Many a brave young man went to his death
on the field or in the hospital, as joyfully as apostles or martyrs,
trusting in his Redeemer. But in the mention of its honored dead,
.one or two cases illustrate the soldier's finale.
Sergeant John H. Reynolds bore an honorable part in the battle
of Perryville, and soon after, on the march to Nashville, was at-
tacked with chronic diarrhea, and in spite of skillful medical atten-
tion, died January 22, 1863, in Hospital No. 2, at Nashville. We
take the following tribute to this Christian hero from a religious
paper :
" Toward night of Wednesday, I visited John H. Reynolds, at
Hospital No. 2 ; found him so low that he could speak only in the
faintest whisper. The nurse raised him, and he opened his eyes.
Seeing me, he said, with a smile, ' How do you do, Chaplain ?"' I
took his extended hand, and asked him, ' Are you a Christian ?'
' Do you love the Savior ?' ' Oh yes,' said he, with a smile too
sweet and joyous ever to be forgotten. ' Are you ready to live or
die, as God pleases ?' ' Yes, either way!' 'What word will you
send to the boys ?' ' Tell them I am all right.' "
Robert Jones, orderly to General Kimball, was the son of wealthy
parents in New York, who gave up a life of affluent ease for service
in the field, was killed at the battle of Kenesaw Mountain, where he
~>>. 1 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
finally surrendered ap his young life upon the altar of bis country.
He was hut nineteen yeara of age. At the time 1"' was ^ 1 1 * • t , he was
engaged in stopping Btragglers and urging them with all his youth-
ful zeal, to return to their posts of duty and behave like men,
Though young in' years, he was mature in patriotism, and his life
was as well rounded and complete as if he had lingered on to four-
in the pursuits of peace. His name will be preserved in grate-
fnl recollection with those of Lowell, Dahlgren, W.inthrop and
Ellsworth, and scores of other young martyrs who gave their prom-
ising lives for liberty.
CHAPTER XXXV.
THE UNION LEAGUE OF AMERICA.
The Origin of Union Leagues — The Loyal Men of Tennessee — The Traitors in Illi-
nois— First Council of the Union League of America — TnE Oath — Organiza-
tion of the State Council — Spread of the Order — National Council — The Ob-
ligation— Importance of the Work — Sanitary Contributions — Joseph Medill,
Esq. — Colonel Geo. H. Harlow — Incidents.
WHILE brave and true men went from Illinois to fight traitors
in the South, not less brave and true men were at home,
doing loyal service for Freedom and Humanity. While traitors
were organizing in rebellion against the Government, the loyal men
of Tennessee, driven from their homes by the oppression of the
slaveholders' aristocracy, banded themselves together in Union
Leagues, and " in the caves of the mountains of their loved State
they gathered around the old flag which had for so many years pro-
tected them and theirs ; and with one hand on its sacred folds, and
the other lifted toward heaven, solemnly swore eternal fidelity to it
and the Government it represented and undying hatred and enmity
to traitors and treason and their co-workers." From this noble band
sprang the powerful organization which afterward did so much for
the preservation of the Union.
In the summer and fall of 1862, the Union men of Illinois learned
of the existence of a secret traitorous organization in their very
midst, under various titles, but generally known as the " Knights of
the Golden Circle." This organization claimed a membership of
nearly 75,000 — a claim which, perhaps, had some foundation in truth,
as the Order included a very large number of rebel refugees who
dared not stay at their home when visited by the " boys in blue,"
PATRIOTISM OF U
beside tbe too numerous body \\ 1 1 - » preferred their party to their
country, :iti.l who refused to listen to the words of Douglas, who
declared there could be "but two parties in this country — patriots
and traitors." WTien this organization became known to the Union
men, verj many were dismayed. The uncertain |> »licy of our lead-
ers in field and cabinet added to this feeling. True men, who never
flinched, only asked, "What shall we do?" This question was soon
answered.
The first Council of the "Union League of America" was organ-
ized at Pekin, Tazewell County, Illinois, on the 25th of .June, 1862,
with eleven members, whose names are as follows: John \V. Glass-
gow. Dr. D. A. Cheever, Hart Montgomi ry, Major II. N. Cullom,
Alexander Small, Rev. J. \V. M. Vernon, Geo. II. Barlow, Charles
Turner, Jonathan Merriam, Henry Pratt and L. F. Garrett Among
these gentlemen was a Union refugee from Tennessee. The oath or
obligation of the Order in that State was taken from his lips as nearly
as he could remember it, and, as this was the first obligation admin-
istered in the Order in this State, we present it entire :
" I, , without fear or compulsion, in the presence of Almighty God and these
witnesses, do most solemnly promise and pledge mj i (If, under the seal of my a icred
honor, that I never will reveal, or cause to be revealed, any of tl , cere-
monies or other business of the Union League of America.
" I further bind myself that I will support, maintain, protect and defen 1 the civil
liberties of the Union of these United States against all enemies, whether domestic
or foreign, at all times and under all circumstances, to the utmost of my ability, and,
if necessary, to the sacrifice of my life.
"Further, that I will aid and assist in electing true Union men, and none others,
to all offices of trust, from the lowest to the highest, in town, county, State and
General Government ; and should I ever be called to fill any office, I will there and
then faithfully carry out the objects and principles of this L(
"I further bind myself, that should any member of this I, eigne be in peril, danger
or want by reason of his connection therewith, I will defend, protect and assist him,
if in my power so to do. And, further, that I will obey all laws, rules and regula-
tions of this or any other Council to which I may be attached; also of the Grand
Council of the State and of the United States; and also I will respond to all Bigna
and summons given to me by a member or Council if in my power so to do.
"To all and every part of this, my solemn obligation, I bind and pledge myself,
and should I knowingly or willingly neglect or violate any part thereof, may my
name be recorded in the Black Book, and may it ever be associated with that of
infamous traitors. Mav all good men and true men abandon and leave me, as being
e.i infamous and perjured wretch — a fit companion for knaves and traitors — as being
destitute of every ennobling attribute of true manhood.
UNION LEAGUE OF AMERICA. 587
" And with my hand upon the Holy Bible, Declaration of Independence and the
Constitution of the United States of America, under the seal of my sacred honor,
I acknowledge myself firmly bound and pledged to the faithful performance of this
my solemn obligation. So help me God."
From this beginning in Tazewell County, the Order spread into
other counties, and on the 25th of September, 1862, the first State
Council met at Bloomington, where twelve counties were represent-
ed, and where the organization was perfected. At this meeting the
following officers were chosen:
Hon. Mark Bangs, of Marshall County, Grand President ; Prof.
D. "Wilkins, of McLean County, Grand Vice-President ; George H.
Harlow, of Tazewell County, Grand Secretary ; H. S. Austin, of
Peoria County, Grand Treasurer ; J. R. Gorin, of Macon County,
Grand Marshal ; A. Gould, of Henry County, Grand Herald ; John
E. Rosette, of Sangamon County, Grand Sentinel.
Executive Committee. — Joseph Medill, of Cook County ; Dr. A.
McFarland, of Morgan County ; J. K. Warren, of Macon County ;
Rev. J. C. Rybolt, of LaSalle County ; Hon. Mark Bangs, of Mar-
shall County ; Enoch Emery, of Peoria County ; John E. Rosette,
of Sangamon County.
At this convocation a constitution and by-laws were framed and
adopted, and a new ritual prepared, which materially changed the
phraseology of the Tennessee obligation, and largely added to the
beauty and solemnity of the initiatory ceremonies. New signs,
grips and passwords were substituted for those previously employed,
and which were adopted in all parts of the Union, among the sol-
diers as well as civilians, and continued in use until two millions of
patriots hailed and recognized each other by their means, and only
ceasing to use them when the last rebel had surrendered at discretion
to the irresistible arms of the National troops.
The second session of the Grand Council was held at Springfield,
January 14, 1863, when but seven counties were represented. At
this time the League had not fairly got to work ; and the limited
attendance at' this meeting, and the discouraging reports from our
armies, cast a gloom over all present. The brave words of Govern-
or Yates, who was waited upon by a committee, encouraged them
to persevere ; and a special session of the Executive Committee was
PATRIOTISM OP ii.i.i:.
later, when a vigorous campaign was plan-
ne 1, which was siibse [uently carried
Under the direction of the members of the Executive Com-
e, agents were sent into nearly every county in the
[n 0 ;-'. th • membership was estimal id al
A feu months later, nearly 50,000 true men were enrolled
in its ranks; and in 1864 it numbered 1,300 councils and 175,000
memb rs in Illinois. The simplicity of its ritual, the high patriot-
ic ground taken in its obligation, and the necessity and imp irtance
(it*i:> work, attracted all men who loved their country; and there
were comparatively few loyal men in Illinois who did not connect
themselves with the Order.
On the 25th of March, L863, a meeting of the Grand Council was
held in Chicago, al which delegates were presenl from 404 Councils
in Illinois, together with a number from Ohio, li\ liana, Michigan,
Wisconsin, Iowa and .Minn ssol i. At this meeting a committee was
appointed to take the necessary Bteps for the organization of a Na-
tional Grand Council. The action of this meeting and of the Commit-
i in a m eting at Cleveland, Ohio, on the 20th of May
following, when a National Council was formed, with the following
officers :
Hon. J. M. Edmunds, National Grand Presid -nt ; Hon. John W.
Forney, National Grand Vice-President; Hon. Green Adams,
National Grand Vice-President; W. R. Irwin, National Grand Re-
cordin ary.; W.O.Stoddard, National Grand Correspond-
ing Secretary ; Rev. Byron Sunderland, National Grand Chaplain;
L. E. Chittend n, Nation il Grand Treasurer; G. F. Brown, Nation-
al Grand Herald ; Gieorge W. Kellogg, National Grand Sentinel.
All these officers were residents of Washington, D. C.
The ritual, signs, etc., which had been used in Illinois were
adopted by the National Council, with very slight modifications.
The " obligation," which is now legitimately made public for the
first time, was as follows :
"OBLIGATION.
" I do solemnly swear (or affirm), in the presence of God and these witnesses, that
I have never voluntarily borne arms against the United States since I have been a
citizen thereof; that I will support, protect and defend the Constitution and Gov-
THE OBLIGATION". 589
eminent of the United States, and the flag thereof, against all enemies, foreign and
domestic ; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same ; and that I will
also defend this state ag.vinst any invasion, insurrection, or rebellion, to the extent
of my ability. This I freely pledge without mental reservation or evasion. Fur-
thermore, that I will do all in my power to elect true and reliable Union man and
supporters of the Government, and none others, to all offices of profit or trust, from
the lowest to the highest — in ward, town, county, state and General Government.
And should I ever be called to fill any office, I will faithfully carry out the objects
and principles of this L. And further, that I will protect, aid and defend all worthy
members of the U. L. And further, I will never make known, in any way or man-
ner, to any person or persons not members of the U. L., any of the signs, passwords,
proceedings, debates or plans of this or any other C. under this organization, except
when engaged in admitting new members into this L. And with my hand upon the
Holy Bible, Declaration of Independence, and the Constitution of the United States
of America, under the seal of my sacred honor, I acknowledge myself firmly bound
and pledged to the faithful performance of this my solemn obligation. So help me
God."
[The circle was opened, the new members admitted, and with clasped and uplifted
hands, all repeated the following:]
"FREEMAN'S PLEDGE.
" To defend and perpetuate Freedom and the Union, I pledge my life, my fortune,
and my sacred honor. So uklp me Ggd."
As the address to the new members shows distinctly the animus
of the organization, we copy it entire, in order to give it a perma-
nent record :
" The Oath which you have now taken of your own free will and accord, cannot
rest lightly on your conscience, neither can it be violated withoit leaving the stain
of perjury upon your soul. You have declared that, under God, your first and highest
allegiance is to the Government of the Unite 1 States. You have taken such an
Of t'n of allegiance, upon the Holy B.ble, Constitution, and Declaration of Independ-
ence lying within the folds of the flag of the Union. These contain the enduring
records of our rights and privileges.
" The Flag is the ensign of our American nationality — the visible emblem of the
sovereignty of the Union. Its stars represent the sister States, its stripes the thirteen
original States, its colors, Courage, Purity and Truth.
"The Bible contains man's moral code and the principles of his religious faith ;
points out his dependence on the Author of his being, his duty to his fellow-creatures,
the reward of virtue and the punishment of vice.
" The Declaration of Independence declares as self-evident truths, that all men are
created equal — that they are endowed by their Creator with inalienable right to life,
liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It denies the despot's dogma of the ' divine
right of kings' to rule over mankind. It asserts that governments derive their just
powers from the consent of the governed ; and solemnly affirms the right of the
American people to govern themselves as a free and independent nation.
590 PATRIOTISM 01 ILLINOIS.
" The Constitution is an in ■■ actice the precepts ol thoE
ration. It i< Libert; regulated by Law. It defines and cir powers
and duties of the Nation >l Government It was ' ordained bj the Fathers, in order
Brfecl Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide
for the common defense, promote the genera] welfare,
j to themselves and their posterity.'
••The Sword is a weapon of protection and defense. By it and the aid qf Divine
P the Independence of the American people was obtained. With it we
may defend the rights and liberties belonging to a free and Loyal people, jealous of
theii country's glories, greatness and grandeur.
i i . the Light you behold burning upon the Altar is emblematical of the
sacred fires of Liberty that burn forever in the breasts of all true
'• We inculcate the spirit and artd of peace, as essential to national happiness and
prosperity; but when foreign foes or treacherous hands attempt to rob us of our
National inheritance, let a million gleaming swords leap from their rests and turn
way to guard the Temple of our Liberties."
The importance of the work done by the Union League can hard-
ly be over-estimated. The Order was organized at a time when
Illinois herself was in danger of being swept into the whirlpool of se-
cession, and when, in fact, a strong secret band had sworn to take
her out of the Union. The loyal men of the state suddenly found
themselves confronted with a new danger, hitherto unsuspected.
Civil war, with all its horrors, seemed ready to burst upon our
heads; and true men lay down to Bleep, fearing that the torch of
the incendiary or the knife or bullet of the assassin might give them
their first awakening. When the League was offered them, it was
readily seized upon. Silently, yet zealously and rapidly, the work
went on, and the Union phalanx soon presented so huge and so
solid a front, that traitors were overawed and silenced. Illinois,
which lies like a wedge between the East and the West, penetrating
deep into the South, and bordering upon Lake Michigan and upon
the Ohio and Mississppi, was saved, and with it the Union.
Besides the political work performed by the League, it did noble
service in behalf of our sick and wounded. Just before the fall of
Vicksburg, when sanitary stores were sadly needed, the Grand Sec-
retary (Colonel Harlow) sent circulars to the various Councils, set-
ting forth the urgent necessity of prompt and liberal contributions.
So effective was the appeal, that in the space of six weeks or two
months Colonel Williams, in charge of the State Sanitary Bureau,
received over $25,000 in cash, besides large quantities of supplies.
JOSEPH MEDILL — GEO. II. HARLOW. 591
Through the influence of the League, money and stores to a vast
amount were sent to Hon. Mark Skinner, President of the Chicago
Sanitary Commission.
. Among the men engaged in this patriotic work, we must not forget
Joseph Medill, Esq. When he became connected with the organiza-
tion— which was soon after its first inception — he fully recognized
its utility and importance. As the managing editor of the Tribune,
he was fully cognizant of the dangers which beset us, and, as soon
as the machinery of the Order could be fairly got " in running or-
der," with a royal purity and earnestness of purpose, he bent every
energy to the work. His well-known name gave assurance that the
organization was a proper and efficient one ; and with labor, influence
and money he pushed it forward. It may be safely said that a very
large share of the success of the Union League, is due to his talent,
shrewdness and energy ; and he truly says, after many yeai*s of
honorable public life, that he never performed so useful a work as
this, or one to which he looks back with so much pride and satis-
faction.
Colonel George H. Harlow was one of the eleven men who or-
ganized the first Council of the Union League, at Pekin. He was
born at Sackett's Harbor, New York, September 5, 1830, and re-
moved to Illinois in 1854, settling at Pekin, where he served as Al-
derman in 1860-61. In 1860 he was elected Circuit Clerk of Taze-
well County, which position he held four years. In 1864, he was
re-nominated by acclamation by the Republican party, but was de-
feated by a small majority. In January, 1865, he was elected First
Assistant Secretary of the State Senate. On the 18th of the same
month he was appointed Private Secretary to Governor Oglesby.
On the 16th of August, 1865, he was appointed Assistant Inspector-
General of Illinois, which position he still holds. At the first meet-
ing of the Grand Council of the Union League, he was chosen Grand
Secretary, to which place he has been thrice re-elected, and which
he still holds. He also repi-esented the Grand Council at Washing-
ton in 1860. He has labored "in season and out of season" for
the success of the organization of which he was one of the found-
ers, and he can now rest from these labors, conscious of a good
and great work performed.
592 PATRIOTISM OF II.I.I\"l>.
Numerous attempts were of course made by the opposition to dis-
cover the secrets of the Union League. In some instances those
attempts were in a measure successful; but, as nothing treason-
able or unpatriotic was discovered, the enemies of the League sup-
pos d ihey were baffled. On one occasion a correct copy of one of
tin' rituals was published by a Copperhead Bheel in the country,
with a greal flourish of trumpets; but the shrewder ones of the
party saw very plainly that the publication of such secrets could
only induct' to their own condemnation and the leading Copperhead
journals refused to give them any further prominence.
Numberless instances might be given where the League did noble
work in protecting the lives of our public men, and in preventing
the carrying out of treasonable designs. On one occasion, during
the Legislative session of 18G3, when Governor Yates was beset by
as vile a crew of traitors as ever disgraced any community, who
openly threatened to assassinate him and the loyal members of the
Legislature, the Governor was waited upon by a committee of the
Union League from Cook County, who gave him ample assurance
that in case of difficulty he had but to telegraph to Chicago to se-
cure the aid of a sufficient number of loyal men to crush any organ-
ization which might be brought to bear against him. The substance
of these assurances was intimated to the Copperhead leaders, who
were thereby taught that they would be promptly met under any
and all circumstances.
It is asserted by members of the League that President Johnson
oavcs the preservation of his own life, under Providence, to the
members of the Order. While he was acting as Provisional Gov-
ernor, the League kept faithful and vigilant watch of his person,
lest he should be assassinated. Daily and nightly an unseen guard
was near him, who could be relied upon in any emergency. Yet
Mr. Johnson has had the baseness to publicly denounce the Order
and the men who so well cared for him ; and in this he has been
guilty of one of the basest of the many acts which mark his recre-
ancy to the principles in advocacy of which he was elected.
CHAPTER XXXVI.
REGIMENTAL SKETCHES.
The Sixteenth Infantry — Attack on Edgefield — Tub Nineteenth — The "Biq
Muddy Campaign" — Organization — Railroad Accident — Alabama Campaign —
Stone River — Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander W. Raffen — Muster-ottt Roster —
The Twenty-sixth — Kenesaw Motntain — " Gopher Holes " — Colonel Robert A.
Gillmore — The Twenty-eighth — Fight at Little Bethel — Service in Texas* —
The Sixty-seoond — Holly Springs — Re-enlistment — The Seventy-third — Tna
" Preachers' Regiment " — The One Hundredth — Stone River and Chickamauga —
The Atlanta Campaign — Muster-out Roster — Statistics — The One Hundred and
Fifteenth — From Covington to Chickamauga — Frcjm Atlanta to the Sea — Gen-
eral Kimball's Farewell Order — Brigadier-General Jesse Haile Moore — Tub
One Hundred and Twenty-sixth — Its Record — The One Hundred and Thirtieth
— Port Gibson — Vicksburg — Service in Texas — Battle of Mansfield — Consoli-
dation— Colonel Nathaniel Niles — Lieutenant-Colonel James H. Matheny —
Major John B. Rkid — Adjutant John B. Hay.
SIXTEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
THE Sixteenth Infantry was organized at Quincy, and mustered
into the service on the 24th of May, 1861. The following is
the original roster:
Colonel, Robert F. Smith ; Lieutenant-Colonel. Samuel Wilson ; Major, Samuel
M. Hays; Adjutant, Charles D. Kerr; Quartermaster, Thomas J. Coulter; Surgeon,
Louis Watson ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, A. L. Ritchey ; Chaplain, Richard Hn.ney.
Co. A — Captain, Virgil Y. Ralston ; 1st Lieutenant, Benjamin F. Pinckley ; 2d
Lieutenant, H. M. Bartholemew.
Co. B — Captain, David P. Wells ; 1st Lieutenant, William L. Broadua ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Abram Rowe.
Co. C — Captain, George W. Patrick ; 1st Lieutenant, James P. Taylor ; 2d Lien-
tenant, Edwin Moore.
Co. D — Captain, James B. Cahill ; 1st Lieutenant, Francis Sample ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Wesley Clowse.
38
504 PATRIOTISM OF Illinois.
c,,. E— Captain, Samuel E. Taylor; 1st Lieutenant, Calvin II. Wilson; 'j.i Lieu-
tenant, Jefferson Burton.
Co. F — Captain, James Fritz; 1st Lieutenant, John VV. Herbert; '2d Lieutenant,
Jam'' • <; Stewart
Co. Q — Captain, William II. McAllister; 1st Lieutenant, William C. Ritchey; -Jd
Lieuten int, M I1 L. Kanlove.
Co. II — Captain, Charles Petrie ; 1st Lieutenant, Theodore Weber; 2d Lieutenant,
Charles Delabar.
Co. I — Captain, Smith Johnson ; 1st Lieutenant, Stcdnian Hatch ; 2d Lieutenant,
Robert PattCi ii
Co. K — Captain, George D. Stewart ; 1st Lieutenant, James Iledgcr ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Richard B. Higgins.
On the 12th of June, 1861, the 16th left earap at Quincy, and
entered upon a campaign in Missouri. On the 9th of July, Com-
panies F and II, with three companies of the 3d Iowa, all under
Colonel Smith of the 16th Illinois, marched from Monroe Station
to attack arehel force encamped in "Hager's Woods." The rebels
retreated, and Colonel Smith returned with his force to Monroe.
Ou the following day our forces were attacked by about 1,500 reb-
els, who were held at bay until reinforcements arrived, when they
fled. [Vide Vol. I., p. 169.] It continued the campaign in Mis-
souri until January 27, 1862, when it was sent to Bird's Point, Mo.,
where it remained until March 3d. On the 13th, it was engaged in
the battle of New Madrid, after which it pursued the retreating
rebels, and was among the regiments which captured a large num-
ber of prisoners and vast quantities of arms and ammunition. The
regiment was next engaged at the siege of Corinth, and in the bat-
tle of Farmington. On the 30th of May, it entered Corinth, and
afterward pursued the rebels as far as Booneville, having frequent
and severe skirmishes. On the 15th of September, it arrived at
Nashville. It was then stationed at Edgefield, guarding railroad
bridges. On the 5th of November, the garrison at Edgefield was
attacked by John Morgan, who was repulsed, with considerable loss.
It remained in the vicinity of Nashville until the 19th of July, 1863,
when it began the march to Chattanooga. At Bridgeport, Alabama,
nearly all the tents of the regiment were destroyed by the explo-
sion of a powder magazine. After the conclusion of the Chatta-
nooga campaign it took part in the famous march to the relief of
Burnside at Knoxville. At the beginning of the new year, 1864,
THE NINETEENTH INFANTRY. 595
the regiment re-cnlisted in the veteran service. On its return from
veteran furlough it was joined with the 1 Oth and 60th Illinois and
] Oth Michigan infantry, when the body of troops was denominated
" Morgan's Veteran Brigade." On the 1st of June the 17th began the
Atlanta campaign. It took part in nearly or quite all the battles of
this campaign, acquitting itself with great credit. It next began the
grand march to the sea, participating in its perils, privations and
toils. After the national review at Washington, it proceeded to
Louisville, Kentucky, where it was mustered out of the service on
the 8th of July, 1865. Two days later, it arrived at Springfield,
where it was paid off and discharged.
The career of the 16th regiment was a most creditable one, deserv-
ing a far better record than the imperfect one we have been able to
give. Such particulars as we have given were mostly procured from
the records of other regiments, with which it was brigaded.
NINETEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The formation of the 19th regiment really dates from the opening
of the war and the issue of President Lincoln's first call for volun-
teers, though its organization was not completed until three months
later. Companies A, K and D began their actual service on the
19th of April, 1861, and soon after they proceeded with General
Swift to Cairo and took possession of that point. [Vol. I., Chap. 5.]
They were distributed at Cairo and various points northward on the
Illinois Central Railroad, guarding the river and the railroad
bridges. The " Big Muddy Campaign " was of much importance
to "the boys," as giving them their first lessons in actual war.
Companies A, K and D, which were raised in Chicago, were joined
by Company E, from Chicago ; Company G, Cook County ; Com-
pany B, Stark County ; Company F, Cass County ; Company G,
Chicago ; Company H, Moline ; Company I, Galena. The regi-
mental organization was completed at Chicago, where the regiment
was mustered into service on the 17th of June, 1861. The follow-
ing is the original roster :
Colonel, John B. Turchin.-, Lieutenant-Colonel, Joseph R. Scott; Major, Frede-
rick Harding; Adjutant, Chauncey Miller; Quartermaster, Robert W. Wetherell ;
Surgeon, Samuel C. Blake ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Preston H. Bailhache ; Chaplain,
Augustus H. Conant.
590 PATRIOTISM <»!•' IU.iv
Co. A — Captain, Jain - EL Ba den; 1st Lieutenant, CI fton T. Wharton; 2d
I i C. Long.
to. B — Captain, 1st Lieutenant, Stephen M. Bill; 9
nut, Aleiander Murchia m, jr.
Co. C — ('.i[ 'ain, James V. Quthrie; 1st Lieutenant, William Inness; 2d Lii
ant, Leavens J. Keeler.
Co. D -Captain, Charles A Colby; 1st Lieutenant, James R. Faulkner; 2d Lieu-
tenant, David A. Cunningham.
Co. V. — Captain, Alexander W. Raffen; 1st Lieutenant, David P. Bremner; 2d
Lieutenant John Young.
Co. K — Captain, Luther S. Allard; 1st Lieutenant, Knowlton II. Chandler; 2d
Lieutenant, James G. Campbell.
Co. C — Captain, Charles D. C. Williams; 1st Lieutenant, Lyman Bridges; 2J
Licutcnnnt, Charles II. Rowland.
Co. II — Captain, Peachy A. Garriott; 1st Lieutenant, DeWi:t ('. Marshall; 2d
Lieutenant, Alvah Ifansur.
Co. I — Captain, Bushrod H. Howard ; 1st Lieutenant, Thaddeus G. Drum ; 2d Lieu*
tenant, John R. Maddison.
Co. K — Captain, Presley N. Outline; 1st Lieutenant, Charles II. Shepley; 2d
Lieutenant, Cornelius V. Lumbcrsou.
The regiment left Chicago on the 5th of July, 1^61, and proceed-
ed to Palmyra, Missouri, and remained campaigning in the State;
until September, wh n it was ordered to a point fifteen miles below
Cairo. <);i the 15th of the same month it w.is ordered to join the
Army of the Potomac. While en route for Washington, a bridge
which the train was crossing, on the Ohio an 1 Mississippi R lilro i I,
eighty-four miles from Cincinnati, gave way, precipitating six \y.\.<-
eenger coaches, filled with soldiers, into the river below. The num-
ber killed by tins accident was as great as the loss sustained by the
regiment in any one battle, thirty being killed and one hun-
dred wounded. Detained by this accident, the 1 9th joined
Sherman's command in Kentucky, where it remained until after
the fall of Fort Donelson. It then proceeded to Nashville, via
Bowling Green. While Grant and Buell were moving toward
Shiloh, the 19th (in Mitchell's Division) moved south via Murfrees-
boro, Shelby ville, &c, and was at Fayetteville, Tennessee, when it
received the news of the victory at Shiloh. It then participated in
the surprise of Huntsville, Alabama. It continued campaigning in
Alabama until General Buell began his retreal northward. It was
then sent to Nashville, where it remained during the time ihat city
was cut off from communication with the North, and where it was
MUSTER-OUT ROSTER. 597
placed in General Negley's command. It remained in the 14th
Corps until discharged from the service.
"We next find the 19th moving south with Rosecrans' army. On
the 31st of December, 1862, and 1st and 2d of January, 1S63,
occurred the battle of Stone River, when the 19th immortalized
itself by its famous charge upon the rebels, " saving the left" and
retrieving the fortunes of the day. [Vide Vol. I., p. 358.] It was
while leading this charge that the lamented Colonel Scott received
his death wound.
After skirmishes at Bradyville and Hoover's Gap, Tennessee, in
command of Colonel Raffen, the army began another movement
upon Bragg, June 24th, which, after a slight engagement at Tulla-
homa, resulted in the rebel General's escape across the Cumberland
Mountains. The 1 9th then gradually moved south, crossing the Ten-
nessee River, September 1, 1863, near Stevenson, andpushingon over
Sand Mountain and the Lookout range for Chattanooga, and having
a brief engagement with the enemy at Dug Gap September 11th.
Thus it approached the battle field of Chickamauga, where, on the
19th and 20th of September, it was in the thickest of the fight, suf-
fering terribly and writing its record, as at Stone River, in blood.
The regiment retired with the army to Chattanooga, where it
shared short rations and severe duty until November 24th, when it
bore an active part in the battle of Mission Ridge where it was the
first regiment of the division to plant its colors on the hight, which
was done by Captain D. F. Bremner, of Company E.
It was with the 14th Corps at the battle of Resaca and until
the battle of Dallas, when, its term of service having expired, it
went to Chicago, and was mustered out on the 9th of July, 1864.
The following is the muster-out roster :
Lieutenant-Colonel, Alexander W. Raffen ; Major, James V. Guthrie ; Surgeon,
Roswell G. Bogue ; Assistant Surgeon, Charles F. Little ; Adjutant, Lester G.
Bangs; Regimental Quartermaster, Robert W. Wetherell ; Sergeant Major,
McDowell ; Quartermaster Sergeant, Hiller A. Downs ; Commissary Sergeaut, Hiram
Bush ; Ilospital Steward, Henry C. Mattison.
Co. A — Captain, James R. Haydcu ; 1st Lieutenant, Clifton T. Wharton ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Thomas II. Beaty.
Co. B — Captain, Alexander Murchison ; 1st Lieutenant, William Jackson; 2d
Lieutenant, John T. Thornton.
Co. C — 2d Lieutenant, Cyrus E. Keith.
Co. D — Captain, William A. Calhoun ; 1st Lieutenant, Oliver E. Eaniea.
598 PATRIOTISM Of ILLINOIS.
Co. E — Captain, David V Bremner; lit Lieutenant, John Young ; Id Lieutenant,
James W. Baffen.
(',,. k — Captain, James <!. Campbell ; l-t Lieutenant, Samuel L Hamilton.
Co 11- let Lieutenant, John Dedrick.
Co. I — C.ipt.im, .i.'iniiM i.onghom; Lat Lieutenant, WUBam Qulnton; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Dickinson B. Morehouse.
Co 8 — Captain, Presley N. Guthrie; 1st Lieutenant, Cornelius 13. Lambcrson ;
2d Lieutenant, V. Bradford BelL
Tho 19th bore the reputation of being one of the best drilled
regiments in the service, and received special notice in the report of
Colonel Ducat, [nspectoi General Army of the Cumberland, us being
an example to be followed by the other regiments in the army.
Bridges1 Battery, Illinois Light Artillery, one of the best drilled and
most effective batteries in the service, wafe originally Company Q
of this regiment, but was subsequently made an independent com-
pany, by order of the War Department. We have given its history
elsewhere.
Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Raffen was born in Cupar Fife-
shire, Scotland, and came to the United States in 1849, and in 1853
commenced business in Chicago as a plumber. In 1856 he, with
several others, organized the Chicago Highland Guard, an inde-
pendent military company, continued an active member of it, and at
the breaking out of the rebellion was 1st Lieutenant of the Com-
pany. At the first call for troops he gave up his business to tal
arms in defence of his adopted country, and as Captain of the Chi-
cago Highland Guard, which Company volunteered in a body and
joined the 19th as Company E, began his military career. He was
at the request of the officers of the regiment promoted to the Lieu-
tenant-Colonelcy when Lieutenant-Colonel Scott was appointed Colo-
onel. When at Stone River Colonel Scott was wounded, Colonel
Raffen assumed command and held it till the muster-out of the regi-
ment. He had the unbounded confidence of his superior officers,
and was on several occasions given duties which required skill, cool-
ness and courage, and on all occasions performed them to their
entire satisfaction.
TWENTY-SIXTn ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
On page 40G et seq. cf Vol. I. we have given the original roster of
this regiment and its history up to the battle of Chattanooga. About
THE TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 599
the 1st of January, 1864, it re-enlisted for three years' service —
being the first veteran regiment in the 15th Army Corps. At the
expiration of its veteran furlough, in February, it returned to Scotts-
borough, Alabama. Colonel John M. Loomis having resigned, Colo-
nel Robert A. Gilluiorc succeeded him, and in May following the
regiment entered upon the memorable Atlanta campaign. It was
engaged at Snake Creek Gap. At Resaca, May 13th, being in the
advance, its loss was severe. On the 28th, at Dallas, it lost heavily,
having to repulse and afterward charge, the enemy. June 15th, at
Big Shanty, it charged and drove the rebels from their works and
gained a position close to Kenesaw Mountain. It supported the 2d
brigade in the terrible charge on the right of Kenesaw. A park of
twenty-four guns was playing over the heads of the men during this
charge. On the morning of July 3d, the regiment drove the enemy
from Kenesaw, the flag of the 26th being the first unfolded to the
breeze from its summit. July 10th, it was engaged at Nickojack
Creek, driving the rebels across the Chattahoochee River. From
this date to the 20th, when it arrived before Atlantex, it was engaged
in one continued skirmish. Here Major J. B. Harris was wounded.
On the 22d of July, before Atlanta, it was in the thickest of the
battle, being at the right of where General McPherson was killed.
During the shifting features of this day's struggle, it fought on
every side of the Union works. On the 28th of July, it swung
around toward the Sandtown Road. The rebels made a desperate
stand to prevent its gaining position, and to drive it forth after it
had gained its ground. The 26th kept up a constant fire for five
hours. The rebels made six consecutive charges, and were repulsed
with terrible slaughter. This regiment alone captured two battle
flags, whieh are now in the State archives. It fired 43,000 rounds
during the day, inflicting terrible damage upon the enemy. On the
4th of August, it again pressed forward, gaining a new position
twice, and was driven from it ; gained it a third time and held it.
Here it remained three weeks, each side striving to gain an advan-
tage, making sorties, mining, etc. The 26th constructed an under-
ground battery within twenty paces of the rebel skirmish line, and
surprised them one morning by opening on them with canister fron?
what they called "gopher holes." About the 1st of September the
€00 PATEIOTI8M OF Illinois.
26th again swung around to Joncsboro, cutting both railroads, Bouth
ami ea i of Atlanta. IT ire it had a severe Btruggle for the po
sion of the railroads, and followed the rebels to Lovejoy's Station.
After the fall of Atlanta, it marched to Eastport and bivouacked,
for tin- firsl time in four months, out of the hearing of artillery and
h of the enemy's bullets.
After about three weeks' respite, on the first of October, the 26th
was again on the march after II 1, following him along the line of
the railroad to Resaca; thence through Snake Creek Gap, where it
had a skirmish with his n ar guard ; thence to Little River, an 1 again
had a skirmish with Wheeler's cavalry; thence back to Atlanta. It
then started on the march to the sea. It was engaged at Benton-
ville for the last time during the war. At the great Washington
review the .regiment secured especial credit for its soldierly bearing
and perfection in drill.
During the Atlanta campaign the loss of the 26th, in killed,
wounded and missing, was over two hundred. A number of instan-
ces occurred of persons being wounded and returning to duty as many
as three times. The total loss by death during the war to this regi-
ment was about 250. Although it was only of the minimum numb r
at starting, and lost severely during the war, it was always noted for
the large muster for duty. The desertions and absence without leave
or cause were scarce.
Colonel Robert A. Gillmore was born in New Hartford, Oneida
County, New York, April 18, 1833, and attended school at Utica,
Syracuse, Borodino and Jamestown until fourteen years old, when
he entered the employ of the New York and New Haven Railroad,
where he remained until 1852. lie then removed to Chicago, and
entered the employ of the Chicago and Ro"k Island Railroad, where
be remained until the breaking out of the rebellion. He was married
to Isa lore, daughter of Judge Robert S. Wilson, February 18, 1857.
lie entered the 26th regiment as Major, and was in every battle with
the regiment, never receiving leave of absence except when wounded.
He was shot through the chest at Farmington, May 28, 1802, and
also through the thigh at Mission Ridge, November 25, 1803. He
also had some bones in the left foot broken by the bursting of a shell.
He was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel after the battle of Corinth,
THE TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. 601
and Colonel after the Atlanta campaign. He returned to the employ
ol* the Rock Island Railroad Company after he was mustered out,
and was made General Ticket Agent, January 1, 1S66. He succeeded
Samuel Hoard, Esq., as Postmaster at Chicago, assuming that posi-
tion November 30, 1866, and still occupying it.
TWENTY-EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 28th regiment was raised in the counties of Mason, Pike,
Scott, McDonough, Menard, Schuyler, Fulton and Logan. It was
organized at Camp Butler, and mustered into the service August 3,
1861. The following is the original roster:
Colonel, Amory K. Johnson ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Louis H. Waters ; Major, Charles
J. Sellon ; Adjutant, John B. T. Mead; Quartermaster, Hugh Ervin ; Surgeon, James
Bringliurst ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, William F. West ; Chaplain, Bradley Hungerford,
Co. A — Captain, Richard Ritter; 1st Lieutenant, James R. Walker; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Carl Reichman.
Co. B — Captain, Thomas H. Butler; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas Thompson ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George Stobic.
Co. C — Captain, John H. Browne ; 1st Lieutenant, George W. P. Ebey ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Francis M. Springer.
Co. D — Captain, Gladden L. Farwell; 1st Lieutenant, Arthur G. Burr; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John B. Pearson.
Co. E — Captain, Thomas M. Kilpatrick ; 1st Lieutenant, John M. Griffin ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Barrell McPherson.
Co. F — Captain, William J. Estill ; 1st Lieutenant, Isaac B. Estill ; 2d Lieutenant,
Thomas Swaringuin.
Co. G — Captain, Barclay C. Gillum ; 1st Lieutenant, Oregon Richmond ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Reuben B. Presson.
Co. H — Captain, Hinman Rhodes ; 1st Lieutenant, Isaiah Denness ; 2d Lieutenant,
Thomas A. Ralston.
Co. I — Captain, Elisha Hurt : 1st Lieutenant, Philip S. Likes ; 2d Lieutenant,
David Dixon.
Co. K — Captain, William R. Roberts ; 1st Lieutenant, John Brewsaugh ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John B. Newton.
While the regiment was yet incomplete in organization, equipment,
&c, it was ordered to Thebes, Illinois, on guard duty. From here
it was ordered to Bird's Point, Missouri. On the 6th of February,
1862, it was at Fort Henry, at the capture of that point. At Fort
Heiman, on that day, it gallantly led the assault upon the enemy's
works. On the 1 3th of February, at Little Bethel, near Fort Heiman,
602 PATRIOTISM OF II.MNOI8.
a pari <>f the regiment, nnder-ColonelJbhnson, had a skirmish with a
saperior force of the enemy, completely whipping them. At Shiloh,
on the 6th and 7th of April, it lost 231 killed and wounde 1. During
tin' month of Mayil engaged in the siege of Corinth. At the battle
of the Hatchie, on the 6th of October, it lost more than one third of its
number engaged, and did noble service throughout the battle. It
was engaged at the siege of Vicksburg until (he surrender of that
place; and at the battle of Jackson, on the 12th of July. At Jack-
son, Mississippi, it engaged with the 53d Illinois and 3d Iowa in a
charge upon the enemy's works, against a greatly superior force. In
this battle more than one half the entire force of the regiment was
placed hors du combat. On the 4th of September it participated in
the capture of Fort Beauregard, at Harrisonburg, Louisiana. It
then marched to Natchez, Mississippi, where it remained on guard
duty until its re-enlistment into the veteran service, in January, 1864,
and in May following proceeded to Springfield, Illinois, on veteran
furlough. On the 8th of July it returned to Natchez, where it
remained on duty till October 12th — participating in some scouts
and skirmishes meanwhile — when it embarked for Morganzia, Louisi-
ana, thence to the mouth of White River, and thence to Memphis.
Here it received two hundred recruits, which were organized in two
companies — the regiment having previously been consolidated into
four — and officers appointed from the veterans of the regiment. It
was next engaged in the campaign against Mobile. At the siege of
Spanish Fort it was engaged for fourteen days and nights in the
trenches, until the fort was evacuated. Here it received four more
companies of recruits from Cam]) Butler. On the 3d of June, 1865,
at Mobile, it was reviewed by Chief Justice Chase, and on the 2d of
July embarked for Brazos Santiago, Texas, marching thence to
Clarksville and Brownsville, and was stationed at the latter place.
It was there mustered out of the service on the 15th of March, 18G6.
On the 1st of April it arrived at Springfield for final muster and
discharge.
SIXTY-SECOND ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 62d regiment was organized at Camp Dubois, Annn, and
mustered into the service on the 10th of April, 1862. The following
in the original roster*
THE SIXTY-SECOND INFANTRY. 603
Colonel, James M. True ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Daniel B. Robinson ; Major, Stephen
M. Meeker; Adjutant, Louis C. True ; Quartermaster, John Nabb ; Surgeon, John
W. McKinney ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, John W. Cameron; 2d Assistant Surgeon,
Vernon R. Bridges ; Chaplain, Hiram M. Trimble.
Co. A — Captain, Henry C. McCleave; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas J. "Warner; 2d
Lieutenant, Benjamin F. Stinger.
Co. B — Captain, Henry P. Ingram ; 1st Lieutenant, Edwin M. Jordan ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John H. Askins.
Co. C — Captain, Silas Ovirmire ; 1st Lieutenant, William G. McConnell ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William D. Wilson.
Co. D— Captain, Mairston M. Doyle; 1st Lieutenant, Robert J. Ford ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John N. Hackett.
Co. E — Captain, William E. Robinson ; 1st Lieutenant, Hamilton Nabb ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Pleasington Nabb.
Co. F — Captain, Jesse Crooks ; 1st Lieutenant, James J. McGrew; 2d Lieutenant,
Guy S. Alexander.
Co. G — Captain, James L. Garretson; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph W. Filler; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William S. Barriekman.
Co. II — Captain, Samuel Sherman ; 1st Lieutenant, John Foley; 2d Lieutenant,
Robert B. Wilson.
Co. I — Captain, Joseph McLain ; 1st Lieutenant, John J. Wyatt; 2d Lieutenant,
John C. Parcel.
Co. K — Captain, Charles A. Mertz ; 1st Lieutenant, David Trimble ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John W. Hannah.
The regiment left camp at Anna on the 23d of April, for Cairo,
proceeding thence to Paducah, Columbus, and, in June, to Obion
County, Tennessee, where it was placed at guard duty along the line
of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. On the 13th of December it
arrived at Holly Springs, Mississippi, and on the 18th started for
Jackson, leaving behind some 200 men sick, convalescent and on
guard. When within .two miles of Jackson, the railroad bridge was
discovered to be on fire, and the regiment debarked, extinguished
the fire and marched into town. On the 10th and 20th it had some
slight skirmishes with the enemy under Forrest. On the morning of
the 20th, in the disgraceful surrender of Holly Springs [Vol. I., p.
429], about 170 men of this regiment were taken prisoners and
paroled ; the records of the regiment were destroyed. On the 31st
of December the regiment left Jackson in pursuit of Forrest and his
cavalry, and followed him as far as Clifton, Tennessee, returning to
Jackson January 8, 1863. Here it remained till the 4th of June,
when it moved to Lagrange, Tennessee, remaining there till August
GOi PATRIOTISM OF II LIU
I Oth. [l :' n started, via M mphis, for II Arkansas, whore it
joined in Genera] Steeled Arkansas expedition, It engaged i
sof the expedition, and participal din the capture
ol I. 10 h of Septemb r. It wis ih in station id on
the north side of the liver. On the Oth of January, 1864, it re-en-
list •! in the veter e, an 1 two companies wer • sent home for
furlough, arriving at Springfield on th • 23 I, tin' remainder b ling left
.•it Little Rock. On the 26th <>f April the regiment was ordere 1 to
join General Steele's Camden expedition, via Pine Bluff, where it
arrived on the 28th. II re i" received the news of Ste
and rel eal from Camden, and was ordered to do garrison duty at
Pine Bluff, \vhei*e it remained until August 12th. At this time it
was ordered home on veteran furlough, at the expiration of which it
return <1 t<> Pin - Bluff, arriving November 25th. On tlie l Oth of
April, 1865, til- non-veterans were or. Ice 1 hom • for muster-out, and
the veterans and recruits were consolidated into seven companies.
On the 2^th of July it moved to Fort Gibson, Ch r<>'< <• Nation.
From this (lite we have no record of th i r igim nt until its muster-
out, which occurred at Little Rock, Arkansas, on the 6th of March,
1806. On the 13th of the same month it arrived at Camp Butler,
where it was paid off and discharged.
SEVENTY-TniRD ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
On page 412 et sej. of our first volume we have given the original
roster of the " Preachers1 Regiment," as the 73d was called, and
its history to the battles of Mission Ridge and Lookout Mountain.
Concerning its career an officer of the regiment writes as follows :
"A nobler or more efficient regiment never went out of this or any
other State than the 73d Illinois Volunteer Infantry. We had only
been organized a few weeks when the battle of Perryville took
place, but we, the only new regiment in the brigade, composed of
the 73d and Lfth Illinois ami 2d ami 15th Missouri troops, did in the
afternoon of that day do all the fighting for the brigade. We were
in all the battles of the grand Army of the Cumberland ; entered
Atlanta, returned, fought Hood's army under Thomas, and when
mustered out of serivce had been in over thirty battles.
THE ONE HUNDREDTH INFANTRY. 605
" Our regiment was in Opedyke's brigade, which saved the day
at Franklin, Tennessee, just before the last siege of Nashville. The
regiment was in the Nashville light and the pursuit of Hood's army.
No regiment of that army could be in more battles, for we were in
them all. Our losses of course were heavy. We have had but
one Colonel, three Lieutenant Colonels, five Majors, four Adjutants
and some of the companies four Captains, in consequence of the cas-
ualties of an army in active service. We went out somewhere near
one thousand strong. The regiment scarcely had one hundred and
fifty able fighting men when mustered out, although, when the
wounded and sick, &c, were collected, we numbered, perhaps, near
three hundred."
ONE HUNDREDTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 100th infantry, known r.s the "Will County Regiment," was
organized at Joliet on the 23th of August, 1862, mustered into the
service on the 31st, and ordered to the front on the 2d of September.
The following is the regimental roster at that date:
Colonel, F. A. Bartleson ; Lieutenant-Colonel, A. W. Waterman ; Major, C. M.
Hammond; Adjutant, George W. Rouse; Quartermaster, Thomas J. Wilson; Sur-
geon, A. W. Ilcise ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, H. T. vVoodruff; 2d Assistant Surgeon,
E. Harwood ; Chaplain, Hooper Crews; Quartermaster Sergeant, J. A. Faroviel ;
Commissary Sergeant, M. Horton ; Sergeant-Major, W. P. Harbattle ; Hospital
Steward, 0. P. Stumph.
Co. A — Captain, Rodney S. Bowen ; 1st Lieutenant, M. N. M. Stewart; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Charles F. Mitchell.
Co. B — Captain, James G. Elwood ; 1st Lieutenant, Augustus A. Osgood; 2d
Lieutenant, Ethan A. Howard.
Co. C — Captain, Charles H. Bacon ; 1st Lieutenant, George Bez ; 2d Lieutenant,
Jonathan S. McDonald.
Co. D — Captain, Albert Am ;den ; 1st Lieutenant, John A. Bnrrell; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Horatio N. Wicks.
Co. E — Captain, William W. Bartlett; 1st Lieutenant, Anson Patterson ; 2d Lieu-
tenant. James R. Letts.
Co. F — Captain, Richard S. McClaughry; 1st Lieutenant, Nathan D. Ingraham ;
2d Lieutenant, John M. Powell.
Co. G — Captain, William A. Mungers; 1st Lieutenant, Julius C. Williams ; 2d
Lieutenant, Henry I. Ewcn.
Co. II — Captain, Harlow B. Goddard ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel G. Nelson; 2d
Lieutenant, Charles Meacham.
Co. I — Captain, Hezekiah Gardner; 1st Lieutenant, John H. McConnell ; 2d
Lieutenant, George C. Schoonmaker.
PATUKU ism ok II. |. IV
iptain, Darid Kelley; 1st Lieutenant, John A. Kelley; 2d Lieutenant,
M n Worthington.
The 100th, numbering 80 commissioned officers and 868 enli
men, proceeded to Louisville by rail, ami marched thence through
Kentucky in the pursuit of Bragg, to Nashville, Tennessee. March-
ing from Nashville to Murfreesboro, it participated in the skirmish
at Lavergne and Stewart's Crock on the 27th of December, and
in the battle of Stone River on the 31st of December, 1862, and
I si and 2d of January, 1863, losing two officers and thirty-two enlist-
ed men killed and wounded. It moved thence to Chattanooga,
being the second regiment to enter the town. From Chattanooga it
proceeded to Chickamauga, engaging in that battle on the 10th and
20th of September, 18G3, losing eight officers and 156 men killed
and wounded and prisoners — exactly one above half the number of
nun who went into the fight. After the battle the regiment under-
went the privations incident to the siege of Chattanooga by Bragg,
anl was in the front line of Sheridan's division when it stormed
Mis-ion Ridge, and shared in the pursuit of the rebels after the
Ridge was taken. It lost here one man killed and thirty-one wound-
ed and five officers wounded severely. On the 27th the regiment
marched to the relief of Burnside at Knoxville, took part in the
campaign in the winter of 1863-4 in East Tennessee, returning to
Cleveland, Tennessee, on the 1st of May, 1864. On the 3d of May
it started on the march for Atlanta, engaging the enemy at Buazard's
Roost on the 9th of May, losing one killed and several wounded.
It followed the enemy during the entire summer till the 1st of Septem-
ber, being, of those one hundred and seventeen days, one hundred
under fire, and participating in the following engagements and skir-
mishes : May 14th and 15th, Resaca ; 17th, Adairsville; 22d to
June 1st, Dallas ; June 5th, Lost Mountain ; 7th, Pine Mountain ;
18th, works in front of Kenesaw Mountain, and thence to the 3d of
July in the siege of Kenesaw, participating in the charge on the
27th of June ; July 4th, Noses Creek; on the 13th it destroyed the
cotton factory at Roswell on the Chattahoochie ; on the 15th it
crossed the Chattahoochie, and on the 20th fought its share of the
battle of Peach Tree Creek; on the 22d it moved up to the siege of
Atlanta under a cross fire of the enemy's works, and remained there
MUSTER OUT. 607
till the 25th of August, when it shared the march in swinging around
Atlanta. It was in the battle of Jonesboro on the 31st of August
and of Lovejoy Station on the 1st of September, returning to
Atlanta with the army on the 5th of September and resting till the
26th. The regiment went into the campaign on the 3d of May with
245 enlisted men and 25 commissioned officers, and on the 20th of
August there were present 127 enlisted men and thirteen officers,
making the loss by death, wounds and sickness one hundred and
eighteen men and twelve officers. Ninety-two men and eight
officers were killed, wounded and taken prisoners on this campaign.
On the 2Gth it moved by rail to Chattanooga, and left there on the
19th of October, marching across Lookout Mountain to Bridgeport
and Stevenson, arriving October 31st. On the 25th of Novem-
ber it reached Columbia, Tennessee, having evacuated Pulaski, where
works of an extensive nature were built, and at Columbia skir-
mished with Hood till the 29th. On that day it marched to Spring
Hill, shared the fight there to save the train, and on the 30th march-
ed to and fought the battle of Franklin, losing thirty enlisted men
killed, wounded and prisoners, and one officer killed and one wound-
ed. On the 1st of December it marched to Nashville and partici-
pated in the fight on the 15th and 16th of December, losiug but one
man killed. From thence it followed Hood to the Tennessee River,
thence to Huntsville, Alabama, arriving there on the 3d of Janu-
ary, 1865, and leaving by rail for Knoxville and Bull's Gap on the
27th of March following. It arrived at the Gap on the 3d of April
and moved to Blue Springs on the 4th, remaining until the 19th,
when it marched to Rogersville Junction, and on the 22d took the
cars for Nashville, arriving on the 26th, whei'e a camp was laid out
and the command rested from its labors. On the 12th of June the
regiment was mustered out, and on the 13th started for home, reach-
ing Chicago on the 16th. On the 1st of July the men were paid off,
received their discharge papers, and the 100th Illinois Volunteer
Infantry ceased to exist.
The following is the roster of the regiment on muster out. The
whole command drew rations on the 28th of June, 1865, at Camp
Douglas, Chicago, for 250 men:
Lieutenant-Colonel, Charles M. Hammond ; Major, Samuel G. Nelson ; Adjutant,
PATRIOTISM OP [LLINOIS.
•1 Borne; Quartermaster, Thomas J. Wilson; Burgeon, Henry T. Woodruff;
Assistant Surgeon, George E, Harvey; Sergeant-Major, Audrew T. Bai ; Quar-
termaster Sergeant, Jam \ Fur or el ; Commissary Scrgeanl B. Garniey.
Co \ Captain, M Y SI, Stewart; 1st Lieutenant, Elisha Gano.
B — Captain, Frederick W. Matthews; 1st Lieutenant, Henry Smith.
-Captain, George M. Lynd ; 1st Lieutenant, A. Hirsh.
Co. I' -Captain, Strong B. Moody; 1st Lieutenant, 5. W. Coach.
Co. E— Captain, Anson Patterson; 1st Lieutenant, John Dodge.
P — Captain, Matthew Ingraham; 1st Lieutenant, Alfred Hopkins.
Co. G — Captain, W. A. Munger; 1st Lieutenant, Henry J. Ewen.
Co. II Captain, J. Kenniston; 1st Lieutenant, C. II. Russell.
Co. I Captain, Simon D. B. Lines; 1st Lieutenant, Feeluc Keeley.
Co. K — Captain, J. A. Kelly; 1st Lieutenant, U. Mack.
The losses of the regiment in killed, wounded and prisoners,
duri ig its term of service, were as follows: Officers, 20 ; men, 342 ;
total, 368. It is but proper to state that a number of men were
wounded in different battles, and that sonic taken prisoners were
afterwards-wounded; so that the above recapitulation exhibits the
number reported wounded, killed and captured at each separate
engagement. Of forty two who were taken to Andersonville, but
thirteen came out alive.
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 115th regiment was organized at Camp Butler and was mus-
tered into the service on the 13th of September, 1802. The follow-
ing is its muster-in roster:
Colonel, Jesse II. Moore; Lieutenant-Colonel, William Kinman ; Major, George
A. Poteet ; Adjutant, John II. Woods; Quartermaster, Benjamin F. Farley; Sur-
gcon, Enoch W. Moore; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Nelson G. Blalock; 2d Assistant
Surgeon, James A. Jones; Chaplain, Arthur Bradshaw,
Co. A — Captain, John W. Lapham ; 1st Lieutenant, Arthur 0. Bankson ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Jesse Hanon.
Co. B — Captain, Eleazer Slocum ; 1st Lieutenant, Eramus D. Stean ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, John Beauchamp.
Co. C — Captain, David Williams ; 1st Lieutenant, Ephraim H. Kingery ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Gideon L. Utter.
Co. I) — Captain, Stephen M. Huckstcd; 1st Lieutenant, C. C. Bridgewatcr; 2d
Lieutenant, Samuel Hymer.
Co. E — Captain, John M. Lane; 1st Lieutenant, David S. Mo flit ; 2d Lieutenant,
Adam C. Allison.
Co. F — Captain, Frank L. Hayes; 1st Lieutenant, James Smith ; 2d Lieutenant,
Matthew Freeman.
THE ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH INFANTRY. 609
Co. G — Captain, S. Barlow Espy ; 1st Lieutenant, John W. Dove ; 2d Lieutenant,
John M. Baker.
Co. H — Captain, Henry Pratt ; 1st Lieutenant, Silas Parker; 2d Lieutenant, John
Reardon. »
Co. I — Captain, Simeon P. Neuman ; 1st Lieutenant, James S. Scmuels ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Cyrus L. Kinman.
Co. K — Captain, James Steele ; 1st Lieutenant, Sylvester M. Bailey ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Philip Riley.
On the 4th of October, the 115th was ordered to the field, and
proceeded to Covington, where it was made a part of the Army of
Kentucky. During the months of October and November it per-
formed garrison duty at Richmond, Kentucky, and marched thence
to Nashville, to reinforce the Army of the Cumberland. From March
until June, 1863, it was stationed at Franklin, Tennessee. It next
moved with the army on Shelbyville and Tullahoma, and during a
part of the summer of 1863 was stationed at the latter point. On
the 19th and 20th of September it bore a distinguished part in the
battle of Chickamauga, which was the first great battle in which ife
was engaged, and where one third of its officers and nearly one half
of its men were either killed or wounded. After this battle it was
assigned to the 2d Brigade, 1st Division, 4th Army Corps, Depart-
ment of the Cumberland, with which it remained till the close of
the war.
On the 3d of May, 1864, the 115th entered upon the Atlanta cam-
paign. On the 7th it was in the charge upon Tunnel Hill. It
skirmished for several clays with the enemy at Rocky Face and Buz-
zard's Roost, in front of Dalton, and on the 14th and 15th of May
bore a conspicuous part in the battle of Resaca. It remained at that
point for two months. When General Sherman began his grand
march to the sea, in November, 1864, the 4th Corps was left to
oppose the rebel Hood. Then began the famous retreat to Nashville.
At Franklin the 115th was in the thickest of the fight. On the 15th
and 16th of December the battle of Nashville was fought, and the
regiment bore itself with distinguished gallantry. It next went in pur-
suit of the retreating rebels, marching to Huntsville, Alabama, where
it remained in camp from January 1, 1865, to the middle of March.
It then started for Richmond, Virginia, via Knoxville. When it
reached Greenville, it received intelligence of the occupation of tho
39
610 PATRIOTISM OF II. uv
rebel oapital by our forces. It then returned to Nashville, where il
was muster* d oul of the service.
The following extracts are from the farewell order of Major-G
oral Arthur Kimball to the L15th regiment:
" Brio ion r-Gi iciiul J. N. tfooRK:
" You, with the officers and men of the 115tfa Regimen! Dlinois Infantry, after
three lant devotion to the oaoae of our common country in the m
against rebellion, arc now about to return to your homea iritta honor unstained tad a
reputation bright with glory. Four deeds will live forever. Von hare been
ongaged in aearlj every battle of the Southwest. At Perryville, Stone River, Chick-
unauga, Resaca, Rocky Fare, Dallas, New Ilope, Kenesaw, Jonesboro, Lovejoy,
Atlanta, Franklin and Nashville, you bore the flag of the Union and the banners
of your noble State to victory over the foe who would have destroyed the Govern-
ment aiel Onion made by our fathers.
******
"Comrades! accept my gratitude for your devotion to myself personally. You
have ever been brave soldiers and true men.
***** *
" Be, as you have ever been, true to God, true to your country, true to your
friends and true to yourselves.
" Good-by, comrades, and may God bless you.
" Arthur Kimball,
" Brevet Major-General Commanding."
Brigadier General Jesse Eaile Moore was born of "fighting
stock,'1 in St. Clair County, Illinois, April 22, 1817. His grand-
father fought in the Revolutionary War, took part in the siege of
Yorktown, and saw Cornwallis surrender his sword to "Washing-
ton. His father and all his uncles fought in the war of 1812; and
the, son and grandson did not prove recreant to his family traditions.
Young Moore entered McKendree College in the fall of 1837, and
graduated in August, 1842. Soon after graduating, he engaged in
teaching in Nashville, Illinois, where he remained until the fall of
1844, when he was elected Principal of the Georgetown (Vermilion
County) Male and Female Seminary. While holding this position
he was licensed as a local preacher in the Methodist Episcopal
Church, having held membership in that church from his boyhood,
and in the fall of 1840 was received on trial in the Illinois Annual
Conference, and by appointment from Conference was continued as
Principal of Georgetown Seminary. In September, 1848, he was,
BRIGA.DIEK-GEXERAL J. H. MOORE. 611
by action of his Conference, placed in the pastoral charge of theM.
E. Church in Shelbyville, Illinois. During the following winter he
was unanimously elected Principal of the Male and Female Seminary
located in Paris, Edgar County, Ulinois. He retained this position
until the spring of 1854, when he was called to the Presidency of the
Quincy English and German Male and Female College, where he
remained until the fall of 1856, when he resigned and was appointed
by his Conference to the pastoral charge of the M. E. Church in
Cavlinviile, Illinois. This place he held two years, and he was then
appointed to Jacksonville Circuit, where he remained one year, and
was stationed for the next two years at the Jacksonville "West
Charge Church. In the fall of 1861 he was stationed in the city of
Decatur, and in the summer of 1862 was earnestly solicited by many
who were enlisting to consent to take the command of a regiment.
He resigned his pastoral charge, provided as best he could for his
family, and at once commenced the organization of the regiment,
and on the 13th of September, 1862, was mustered into the service
at Camp Butler as Colonel of the 115th Regiment Illinois Volun-
teer Infantry. He commanded the post at Richmond, Kentucky,
during November and December, 1862, and during a part of the
summer of 1863, was in command at Tullahoma. At the battle of
Chickamauga his horse was twice shot under him. During most of
the winter of 1863-'4, he was in command of his brigade. On the
7th of May, 1864, he led the charge at Tunnel Hill. After the battle
of Resaca he was assigned to the command of that post. He fought
with distinguished bravery at Franklin and Nashville, and soon after
the last battle was warmly recommended for promotion, and in May,
1865, received an appointment as Brevet Brigadier-General. In the
pursuit of Hood's forces, he commanded the 2d Brigade, 1 st Divi-
sion, 4th Army Corps. He shared the fortunes of the 115th regiment
till the close of the war, and with it was mustered out of the
service. General Moore is still in the full vigor of mental and
physical manhood. He is an earnest, logical and forcible public
speaker, a superior educator, a brave and skillful soldier, a true
friend, and a very undesirable antagonist in either an intellectual or
physical contest.
612 1\V!K1"'I [8M 01 II I.IVOI8.
ONE HUNDRED \\l> TWENTY SIXTH ILLINOIS [NFANTRY.
Thi 1 26th regiment was organized a1 Alton, and was mustered
into the service on the 4th of September, 1SG2. The following is
the original rosin- ;
■ el, Jonathan Richmond ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Ezra M. Beardslej ; Major,
William W. Wilsbire ; Adjutant, Daniel W. Munn; Quartermaster, Napoleo B
. Surgeon, Charles A. Hunt; Lsl Assistanl Surgeon, Erastus W. Mills; 2d
on, Thomas I». Washburn ; Chaplain, Samuel R, Rosebora,
Co. A — Captain, Martin N. Van Fleet ; 1st Lieutenant, Adley N. Gregory; 2d
Lieutenant, Allen II. Morgan.
Co B Captain, Henry D. Clinc ; 1st Lieutenant, John B. Mitchell; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Isaac 0. Cox.
Co. C — Captain, Alfred N. Smyser; 1st Lieutenant, James M. Powell; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George W. Vaugban.
Co. I) — Captain, Larkin It. Slaughter; 1st Lieutenant, Daniel W. Munn; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Joseph W. Newbury.
Co. E — Captain, Lucius W. Beal ; 1st Lieutenant, Emery Hughes; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Frederick S. Gates.
Co. F — Captain, James II. Kabriek ; 1st Lieutenant, John J. Wetmore ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Martin V. Easterly.
Co. G — Captain, Edwin II. Johnston ; 1st Lieutenant, William H. Schriver ; 2d
Lieutenant, Gabriel Armstrong.
Co. II — Captain, Thomas Martin ; 1st Lieutenant, David D. Evans; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Christian Koerber.
Co. I — Captain, John Morris ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles M. Knox; 2d Lieutenant,
Brooks R. Hamilton.
Co. K — Captain, Alfred Francisco ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph L. Thorp ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Allen Francisco.
The regiment left Alton on the 20th of November, and reported to
Brigadier-General Brayman, at Bolivar, Tennessee. December
19th six companies were sent to Jackson, Tennessee, to reinforce that
place, and thence to Humboldt, where they skirmished with the
rebels December 21st, and where they were rejoined in March,
18G3, by the remaining four companies. On the 25th of March the
regiment was sent to Jackson, and from thence to Memphis, en
route for Vickshurg, arriving at Haines' Bluff June 2d. It partici-
pated in the siege of Vicksburg, bearing an honorable part. On the
24th of July it was sent to Helena, on General Steele's Little Rock
expedition, and participated in the capture of that place. On the
24th of October it marched to Duval's Bluff, where it performed
post duty until August 19, 1864, when it went via Little Rock to
THE ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTIETH. 613
Pine Bluff, Arkansas, to perforin similar fluty. On the 12th of
February, it was sent to the mouth of White River, Arkansas,
where it remained tilljune 4, 18G5. It then returned to Pine Bluff,
where it was mustered out on the 12th of July.
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTIETH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 130th regiment was organized at Camp Butler, and was mus-
tered into the service on the 25th of October, 1862. The following
is the original roster :
Colonel, Nathaniel Niles ; Lieutenant-Colonel, James H. Matheny ; Major, John
B. Reid ; Adjutant, John B. Hay; Quartermaster, Silas J. Stiles; Surgeon, Lewis K.
Wilcox ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, David Wilkins ; 2d Assistant Surgeon, E. L. H.
Barry ; Chaplain, W. D. H. Johnson.
Co. A — Captain, William H. Copp ; 1st Lieutenant, William H. Miller ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Charles T. Mullen.
Co. B — Captain, William Prescott ; 1st Lieutenant, F. M. Pickerel] ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, J. W. Paulein.
Co. C — Captain, John H. Robinson ; lst*Lieutenant, W. C. James ; 2d Lieutenant,
J. F. Parker.
Co. D — Captain, Daniel DeCamp ; 1st Lieutenant, Abraham May ; 2d Lieutenant,
J. B. Halford.
Co. E — Captain, IT. B. Harris ; 1st Lieutenant, William Harlan ; 2d Lieutenant,
William C. Harned.
Co. F — Captain, William M. Colby ; 1st Lieutenant, John D. Donnell ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Charles Ives.
Co. G — Captain, J P. H. Keeler ; 1st Lieutenant, Daniel H. Crum ; 2d Lieutenant,
Duff Leitch.
Co. H — Captain, Jesse R. Johnson ; 1st Lieutenant, J. Gardner ; 2d Lieutenant,
John Blew.
Co. I — Captain, John W. Watts; 1st Lieutenant, Richard S. Taylor; 2d Lieuten-
ant, W. J. NeilL
Co. K — Captain, Jacob W. Wilkin ; 1st Lieutenant, William C. Pool ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Andrew S. Martin.
The companies comprising this regiment were oi'ganized in the
counties of Alexander, Bond, Clark, Christian, Coles, Edgar, Mon-
roe, Sangamon, Richland and Lawrence.
The regiment, having received its outfit of clothing and arms, left
Camp Butler, November I lth, for Memphis, Tennessee, where it
arrived on the 17th, and was assigned to the 16th Army Corps, com-
manded by Major-General Hurlbut. It remained at Fort Pickering,
near the city, until March 27, 1863, during which time it did provost
M 1 iwi RIO] ism OF ILLINOIS.
duty in the city, and was only relieved .-it the argent request of
i mel tfiles, for active service in the field. While <>n duty ut this
place its loss by death was severe, as is the case with most new
regiments upon taking the field, but more particularly owing to the
prevalent t' the measles and the small pox, which carried off many
of the bi 3t men. On the 27th of March the regiment embarked on
tin- .1. C Snow, for Milliken's Bend, Louisiana, where it arrived on
the 81st It. remained at this point while the army was organizing
for the Vicksburg campaign, and moved with that army on the 15th
of April, 1863, the 13th Army Corps in advance, and crossed the
Mississippi River at Bruinsburg, on the morning of May 1st, and
marched immediately for Port Gibson, where the advance of the
13th Corps had early engaged the enemy. Here the regiment be-
came engaged for the first time, and behaved like veterans. Captain
J. K. Johnson, of Company H, was here wounded in the thigh by
a piece of shell. The enemy were handsomely repulsed, after a
Stubborn resistance, and left their dead and wounded on the field.
The regiment continued with the army through Mississippi, and was
again engaged at Champion Hills, on the 16th of May, and on the
17th at, Black River Bridge, at both of which places the enemy were
driven from the field. On the 18th it marched on Vicksburg, and
at night encamped within three miles of the city, and one-half of
the regiment was on picket all night in front of one-half of the
division, the 23d Wisconsin picketing the other halt'. During the
night the enemy burned all buildings outside of their defences, which
illuminated the sky, and was a grand and imposing scene. On the
morning of the 19th, the regiment was ordered forward in line of
battle, in concert with the grand army, which, like a fiery serpent,
surrounded the city, and soon compelled the enemy to retire within
their defences, and for forty-eight days constant vigilance, and a
gradual approach upon the enemy were the order of the day, and
on the morning of the glorious Fourth of July, the regiment
welcomed the joyful intelligence of the surrender of the enemy.
On the 22d of May, Captain William II. Colby Avas killed, in a
charge made, with many gallant soldiers of the regiment killed and
wounded ; and almost daily during the siege was some soldier either
killed or wounded, carried to the rear for burial or medical assist-
SERVICE IN TEXAS. 615
ance. On the morning of the 5th of July the regiment again took
up line of march for Jackson, Mississippi, where the enemy were
found entrenched behind very formidable works, but by a vigorous
siege of ten days were compelled to withdraw, burning and sack-
ing the town as they left. The regiment was then ordered to return
to Vicksburg, and encamped on the bank of the river, where the
13th Army Corps wTas permitted to rest and reorganize, and was
then transferred to the Gulf Department, under the command of
General Banks.
The 130th remained near New Orleans until near the middle of
October, 1863, when it was ordered, with the remainder of the army,
across to Berwick Bay, and from thence up Bayou Teche, at which
time.a Texas expedition was underway; but after proceeding up
the Bayou about eighty miles, the regiment was brought to a halt at
New Iberia, and, with the 99th Illinois, remained on duty at this
place, under command of Colonel Niles, while a large portion of the
army moved on twenty-five miles farther up, to Vermillionville.
The regiment remained at New Iberia until about the 1st of Decem-
ber, and while here Colonel Niles resigned, and the regiment lost a
gallant officer. No braver man ever stood before the enemy than
he, and true patriotism inspired his every action. Upon his depar-
ture, the regiment passed some very complimentary resolutions.
Adjutant John B. Hay also resigned on the 26th of October, and E.
S. Dewey was appointed in his place. The command of the regi-
ment now devolved upon Major John B. Reid, Lieutenant-Colonel
James H. Matheny having been absent nearly the entire time. The
regiment was then ordered to the coast of Texas, where it spent the
winter of 1863-4, at Decrow's Point, on Matagorda Peninsula. In
February, 1864, it returned to Berwick Bay, and then started on the
ill-fated Red River expedition. At the battle of Mansfield the regi-
ment lost severely in killed and wounded, and nearly its entire
number were captured and taken to Tyler, Texas, where they
remained thirteen months as prisoners of war, and were only paroled
a few days before the surrender of the entire rebel army. At the
battle of Mansfield Lieutenant-Colonel John B. Reid, in command
of the regiment, and the only field officer present, was severely
wounded, a rifle ball passing through the upper lobe of his left
316 PA l i:i"i [BM OF ELLEN
long and the entire body. He was taken t" :i rebel hospital, where
1 as to be paroled in ten weeks from the date of
his capture, and once more returned to the Union lines, and by the
time he « ' jain take command of the
imnt. Captain !■'. D.Phillips was . wounded in the
rward died from the effects of the wound. He vn
•. bra\ e young , and the service lost a a aluable and gallant
pairi l tain C. T. Mullen was also wounded, and died while
in the hands of th The remainder < >T r In • regiment, but a
handful of men, who succeeded in escaping, returned with the army
to the Mississippi River, and was afterward ordered to New Orleans,
where il wa put on duly duiing the winter of 1864-5, and in Janu-
ary, L 865, was temporarily consolidated with the 77th Illinois, with
whom it \ jh the Mobile campaign, and partici-
! in the attack and siege of Spanish Fort and Fori Blakeley, and
was the second regiment landed on the Mobile shore of the bay,
and upon landing found the enemy had evacuated the city, and fol-
lowed them, and had a slight skirmish with their cavalry — one of the
last Bkirmishea of the war. It went up the Tombigbee River as far
as Mcintosh Bluffs, where the enemy once had a navy yard, where
il r mimed until the surrender of Taylor's command and the return
of the rebel tl set down the river, when it embarked on the fleet and
returned to Mobile. On the 1 1th of July, 1865, the old 77th was
mustered out, and the old L30th re-organized into a battalion of six
companies, by the untiring energy of Lieutenant-Colonel John B.
Reid, who was anxious that it should be mustered out as the old
regiment. On the first week in August, 1865, it was ordered to New
Orleans for muster out, which was accomplished on the 15th of
August, and it at once embarked for Springfield, Illinois, where, on the
31st of August, it was paid olf and finally discharged. For gallant
services several officers were here promoted, among the number
Lieutenant-Colonel John B. Reid to Colonel, and Captain J. W.
Wilkin to Major. Colonel Reid was the only field officer who
remained with the regiment from its organization to muster out.
Colonel Nathaniel Niles was a man in the prime of life, a lawyer
by profession, and of considerable reputation, well known to many of
the citizens of this State, and was a resident of Belleville, St. Clair
County, Illinois.
PERSONAL. 617
Lieutenant-Colonel James H. Matheny was also a lawyer, well
known, and a resident of Springfield, Illinois, and was at one time
a law partner of the late President Lincoln.
Major John B. Reid was at the time of enlistment Clerk of the
Circuit Court of Bond County, elected in 1860, and still holds that
office.
Adjutant John B. Hay was a lawyer by profession, a resident ol
Belleville, Illinois, and is now Prosecuting Attorney for the 24th
Judicial Circuit.
One of the officers of the regiment writes: "There was one
feature of the 130th Illinois different from many regiments in the
service, viz., no jealousy or dissatisfaction ever occurred during the
three years of their association as officers, and the most friendly
relations always existed, and promotions have, as a general thing,
given entire satisfaction."
CHAPTER XXXVII.
CAVALRY REGIMENTS.
The Fourth Cavalry — Fort Henry — Donelson and Snir.oii — Death of Ltkhtenant-
Colonxl William McCullouqh — Colonel T. Lyle Dickey — General M. R. M.
Wallace — The Seventh Cavalry — Campaign in Missouri — Fabmington — Poebi ir
ok Price — Grierson's Raid — Re-enlistment — Forrest's Ittace upon Mmipiiis —
Recruiting — Mister Out — Major Zenas Aplington — The Thirteenth Cavalry —
Campaign in Missouri and Arkansas — Consolidation — New Companies — Battle
Roll — Final Roster — Brevet Brigadier-General Albert Erskine — Major
Lotiiar Lippert.
FOURTH ILLINOIS "CAVALRY.
TEE Fourth Cavalry was organized during the months of August,
Septemher and October, 1861, l>y Colonel T. Lyle Dickey,
under authority from the War Department, and rendezvoused at
Camp Hunter, Ottawa, LaSalle County. The various companies
were recruited as follows: Company A, Cook County ; B, Cook
and Grundy; C, Kendall; D, Will and Kankakee; E, Ogle and
Putman ; F, Iroquois ; G, Woodford and McLean; H, Logan and
McLean; I, LaSalle; K, Kankakee; L, Dewitt and McLean; M,
Rock Island. The regiment was mustered into the service at Ottawa
on the 6th day of August, with the following roster:
Colonel, T. Lyle Dickey ; Lieutenant-Colonel, William McCullough ; Majors,
Charles C. James, Martin R. M. Wallace, Samuel M. Bowman; Adjutant, Barry B.
Dox ; Adjutant 2d Battalion, Hezekiali T. Buckley ; Quartermaster, Raymond W.
Ilanford; Commissary David Jolly ; Surgeon, Darius A. Dow ; 1st Assistant Surgeon,
Hiram C. Luce ; 2d Assistant Surgeon, William T. Beadles ; Chaplain, Alfred Eddy.
Co. A — Captain, Embury D. Osband ; 1st Lieutenant, David H. Gile ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James Sherlock.
,THE FOURTH CAVALRY. 619
Co. B — Captain, Garrett L. Collins; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph E. Hitt; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Alexander D. Crego. g
Co. C — Captain, Charles D. Townsend ; 1st Lieutenant, George A. Walter ; 2d
Lieutenant, Asher B. Hall.
Co. D — Captain, John H. Felter ; 1st Lieutenant, Edmund Moore ; 2d Lieutenant,
Eli C. Sheafer.
Co. E — Captain, Aaron L. Rockwood ; 1st Lieutenant, William D. Wardlaw ; 2d
Lieutenant, John F. Wallace.
Co. F — Captain, Anthony T. Search ; 1st Lieutenant, Orrin W. Carter ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Alonzo W. Loutzenheiser.
Co. G — Captain, Harry D. Cook ; 1st Lieutenant, Silas W. Ogden ; 2d Lieutenant,
John T. Harper.
Co. H — Captain, Mindret Wemple ; 1st Lieutenant, Franklin Fiske ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William P. Callon.
Co. I — Captain, George I. Shepardson ; 1st Lieutenant, William E. Hapeman ; 2d
Lieutenant, Benjamin F. Hyde.
Co. K — Captain, Philip Worcester ; 1st Lieutenant, William L. Gibson ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William M. True.
Co. L — Captain, John M. Longstreth ; 1st Lieutenant, Harvey H. Merriman ; 2d
Lieutenant, David Quigg.
Co. M — Captain, George Dodge ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel Allshouse ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Edward H. Daily.
As soon as the organization was completed, the regiment took up
its line of march for the scene of action, passing through
LaSalle, Peru, Henry, Hennepin, Lacon, Peoria, Delevan, Spring-
field, Hillsboro and Vandalia, from which latter place it was trans-
ported by the Illinois Central Railroad to Cairo, arriving at that
place about the 10th of December, 1864, where it was attached to
and became a part of the " Army of the Tennessee," an organiza-
tion that preserved its identity until the last armed rebel had sur-
rendered to its organizer and first commander, then Brigadier Gene-
ral of Volunteers, now General TJ. S. Grant, U. S. A. This regi-
ment was with General Grant's advance on Columbus, Kentucky, in
January, 1862, and on Fort Henry in February, when a portion of
it, under the lamented Lieutenant-Colonel William McCullough, fol-
lowed the retreating enemy and captured several pieces of cannon
and a large number of prisoners, having several men killed and
wounded, and the next day it made a daring march under Colonel
Dickey to the railroad bridge across the Tennessee -River, above
Fort Henry, capturing many prisoners and obtaining valuable informa-
tion. On the day before the general advance on Fort Donelson, it
made :i bi [. Wallac
■ i and taking :r view of the fortifica-
I: v. a the battle of Foil I )on ilson. Th
March of thai year, il went up the Tennesa e River to Savannah,
makii inoi ssances from thai point; then
the : iloh, passing through the Bame and sharing
with others the desperate fortunes of the day until Tuesday,
of April, when the work for the cavalry commenced in ean
The 4th became engaged in close combat with the famous rebel
and the forces under bis oommand, and forced him back
almost half way to Corinth, wounding Forrest, and wounding and
capturing many of his men. It then passed through the siege of
I inth, working night and day until the ion of thai place,
following the enemy as far as Holly Springs, Mississippi.
During the months of June, July, August, September, October
and X r, 1862, the regiment was on scouting duty in W
ern T and Northern Mississippi, under Generals Sherman
and Logan.
In the month of December, 18G2, General Grant moved with his
command into Mississippi and his cavalry was constantly eng
from Holly Springs to Coflfeeville. At the latter place Lieutenant-
Colonel William McCullough fell, while at the head of his men,
pierced by a dozen bullets.
ihoui th" 20th of December the regiment, under Major Wallace,
in company with other regiments, stalled in pursuit of "Van Dorn,
following him from Water "Valley, Mississippi, to Bolivar, Tennessee,
by way dt' Holly Springs, Mississippi, and hack south again by way
of Salisbury and New Albany to Pontotoc, Mississippi. The com-
mand then moved back to Collierville, Tennessee, and went into
camp, and during the months of January, February, March, April,
May, June, July and August, 18G3, was on scouting duty in West-
ern Tennessee and Northern Mississippi. In September the regi-
ment moved by steamer to Yiekshurg. Mississippi, and was with
General McPherson in his reconnoissance toward Canton in October,
18G3, and with General Sherman in his raid on Meridian in Febru-
ary, 1SG4. In December, 1863, the regiment was moved to Natchez,
Mississippi, and it remained there doing scouting duty in Southern
COL. T. L. DICKEY — GEN. M. R. M. WALLACE. . 621
Mississippi and Eastern Louisiana until October of that year, when
it embarked for Springfield, Illinois, for muster out, which occurred
November 3, 1864. The regiment left, however, about five hundred
men in the field, veterans and recruits, from whom five new compa-
nies were formed, remaining in the service until May, 1866.
Colonel T. Lyle Dickey was born in Kentucky, married in Ohio, and
moved to Illinois in 1833 or 1834, and commenced the practice of
law. In 1838 he settled in Ottawa, LaSalle County, Illinois, where
he has ever since and now resides. At the commencement of the
Mexican war, he organized a company and took it into the field, in
1846, and on the breaking out of the late rebellion he organized the
4th Illinois Cavalry. During the first two years of the war, when
not at the head of his regiment, brigade or division, he was on the
staff and near the person of General U., S. Grant, and now enjoys
the respect and affection of that commander.
Brevet- Brigadier-General Martin R. M. Wallace was born at
Urbana, Champaign County, Ohio, on the 29th day of September,
1829. His father, John Wallace, moved with his family to Illinois
in 1834, and settled on a farm in LaSalle County. In 1839, the
family moved to Mount Morris, Ogle County — the site of the Rock
River Seminary — at which institution young Wallace received his
education. His father died on the day Martin was twenty-one years
old, and left on his hands a large family to support, and a compli-
cated estate to settle. He commenced the study of law, in the office
of Dickey and Wallace, at Ottawa, in December, 1852, and in Janu-
ary, 1856, removed to Chicago, and went into partnership with
Thomas Dent, in the practice of the law.
In August, 1861, General Wallace assisted in the organization of
the 4th Illinois cavalry, and in October was mustered into the service
as Major of that regiment. Major Wallace commanded his battalion
during the march and transportation of his regiment from its camp
of rendezvous to Cairo, and thence through the battles of Fort Henry,
Fort Donelson, Shiloh and Corinth, and in December, 1862, upon
the death of Lieutenant-Colonel William McCullough, assumed com-
mand of the regiment. In January, 1863, he was promoted to the
Lieutenant-Colonelcy, and in March of the same year, he was com-
missioned Colonel, and continued in command until his regiment was
PATRIOTISM OF ELLIHOI8.
mustered out, in November, 1864. During his term of service, Colo-
nel Wallace enjoyed the confidence and esteem of all with whom he
was thrown In oontact; serving under, and being frequently near
( lenerale Grant, Sherman, Wallace, McPherson, Logan, McClernand,
Hurlbut, A. ,1. Smith and Ransom. Colonel Wall nee passed through
the battles of Port Henry, Fori Donelson, Shiloh, Biege of Oorinth,
pursuit of Van Dora, Grenada, .Mississippi, Panola, Mississippi, near
Canton, Mississippi, near Natchez, Mississippi, and numerous skinn-
isb.es, and after his muster out received from the Secretary of War
a complimentary commission as Brevet Brigadier-General.
SEVENTH ILLINOIS CAVALRY.
The 7th cavalry was organized at Camp Butler, and mustered into
service Oetober 13, 1861, having 1,141 officers and men upon its
rolls. Its roster was as follows :
Colonel, William Pitt Kellogg; Lieutenant-Colonel, Edward Prince ; Majors, Cyrus
Hall, .Tonus Kuwait, Zenas Aplington ; Adjutant, Sidney Stockdale ; Adjutant 1st
Battalion, Allen W. Heald; Adjutant 2d Battalion, George Bestor ; Adjutant 3d Bat-
talion, Charles Wills; Quartermaster, William A. Diekerman; Quartermaster 2d
Battalion, Joaiah T. Novs; Quartermaster 3d Battalion, John W. Resor; Commissary,
Henry F. Barker; Surgeon, Clark D. Rankin; Assistant Surgeon, Thomas J. Riggs ;
Chaplain, Simon G. Minor.
Co. A — Captain, William D.Blackburn; 1st Lieutenant, Charles Hunting; 2d
Lieutenant, .lames R. Morrison.
Co. B — Captain, Henry C. Forbes; 1st Lieutenant, William McCausland ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Oscar F. Sammis.
Co. C — Captain, Prcscott Bartlett ; 1st Lieutenant, John n. Shaw ; 2d Lieutenant,
Benjamin F. Berkley.
Co. D — Captain, Wright Woolsey ; 1st Lieutenant, William H. Reynolds ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Levi Hodge.
Co. E — Captain, John M. Graham ; 1st Lieutenaut, Daniel Hasty ; 2d Lieutenant,
James M. Caldwell.
Co. F — Captain, Antrim P. Koehler ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles Lee ; 2d Lieutenant,
Jacob Schamb.
Co. G — Captain, George W. Trafton ; 1st Lieutenant, Richard Harden ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William II. Styles.
Co. II — Captain, Milton L. Webster ; 1st Lieutenant, Isaac V. D. Moore ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Jacob C. Miller.
Co. I — Captain, Arthur J. Gallagher ; 1st Lieutenant, William H. Stratton ; 2d
Lieutenant, William Ashmead.
Co. K — Captain, noratio C. Nelson ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph R. Herring ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Andrew B. Ilulit.
THE SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. 623
Co. L — Captain, George M. Scott ; 1st Lieutenant, Warren W. Porter ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Squire A. Epperson.
Co. M — Captain, John P. Ludwig ; 1st Lieutenant, Bernhard C. Janssen ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John H. Meyer.
i
Colonel Kellogg was absent in Nebraska during the early days of
the regiment, and the drilling, instruction, and discipline were mainly
conducted under the supervision of Lieutenant-Colonel Edward
Prince, until the last of October, when he, Major Rawalt and Com-
panies A, C, I and G were ordered to Bird's Point, Missouri, where
the other eight companies arrived on the 25th of December. Some
time in January, all, except Companies B, C, I and L, moved to Cape
Girardeau, Missouri, from which point they did good service in scout-
ing the country, giving protection to Union citizens, and clearing it
of the presence of rebels. The companies at Bird's Point were simi-
larly employed during the remainder of the winter. Early in the
spring of 1862, the portion of it at Cape Girardeau joined the forces
under Pope, at Commerce, Missouri, and took the advance of that
army on New Madrid, capturing a battery of steel breech-loading
guns from the famous Jeff Thompson. At New Madrid the regi-
ment was again together, and operated south of that place, on the
Mississippi River, keeping a keen eye on the batteries along its banks,
and watching the operations of the rebel fleet of six vessels, part of
which were iron clad, until the fall of Island No. 10, after which it
moved up the Tennessee River, with the forces under General Pope,
to Hamburg Landing, and thence in the direction of Corinth. The
roads were nearly impassable, and, before advancing, roads had to
be constructed by corduroying. In this manner, four or five miles of
progress were made each day, until Farmington was reached. At
this place Major Aplington fell, leading a charge on a concealed
force of infantry.
After the evacuation of Corinth the regiment occupied the Mem-
phis and Charleston Railroad, from Tuscumbia to Decatur, Alabama,
a distance of over forty miles, defending it from the local guerrilla
bands of Roddy and others, until December 1st. It fought at the
battle of Iuka, and afterward at Corinth, October 2d, 3d and 4th,
losing about forty officers and men, killed, wounded and missing.
November 23d, seven companies fought Richardson, near Somerville,
624 PATRIOTISM 01 tLLINOIS.
and captured seventy men and two stands of colors. December 1st
the regimenl was assigned to Colonel Dickey's command of cavalry,
which was joined at Holly Springs, Mississippi. The cavalry pur-
sued Price as far south as Coffeeville, where he made a stand and
repulsed Dickey's command with severe Loss. About 1,200 prison-
ers were taken from Price on this running expedition. December
21st, 500 men from the 7th Illinois and 300 from the 2d [owa, under
ii ils Dickey, Hatch and Prince, marched from Oxford to Ponto-
toc, Mississippi, and thence to Tupelo, on the 22<1, proceeding as far
BOUth, on the .Mobile and Ohio Railroad, as Okalona, destroying
immense quantities of stores, and all the bridges between the two
places. The command returned to Tallahatchie River, and, January
1st, to Lagrange, Tennessee, having marched over 900 miles during
the month of December, and being engaged with the enemy nearly
every day to a greater or less extent.
At Lagrange the 6th and 7th Illinois and 2d Iowa were brigaded
together, under Colonel B. II. Grierson, of the 6th Illinois. They
made frequent forays into West Tennessee, relieving the rebel inhabi-
tants of many fine horses and mules, which were abundant in that
region. The rebel Colonel Richardson was conscripting every able-
bodied man, and sending all of the servicable animals to the rebel
army. His camp was frequently broken up by Colonel Grierson,
his Quartermaster captured at one time, and himself narrowly escap-
ing, being wounded in the leg.
On the 17th of April the 7th started, with the brigade, on what is
best known as " Grierson's Raid," to which we have given a chapter
in our first volume [ Vide Vol. L, p. 364 ], following our braves until
their arrival at Baton Rouge.
After remaining at Baton Rouge two weeks, the command moved
up, with the forces under General Augur, to invest Port Hudson,
taking part in the battle of Plain's Store. During the siege the
cavalry guarded the rear against the dashes of the rebel General
Logan's force, with which it had several spirited engagements.
After the fall of Vicksburg and Port Hudson, the river being open,
Giuerson's command was ordered to Memphis, by steamer, from
whence it was distributed along the Memphis and Charleston Rail-
road. It was engaged at Collierville, Tennessee, in October, 1863,
PUKSUIT OF FORREST. 625
and had numerous encounters with a force of cavalry under the rebel
General Chalmers — once at Byhalia, where Lieutenant Nicholson,
Company M, was killed, and Lieutenant McCauslaud, Company B,
seriously wounded.
December 26th, the regiment fought the entire force of Forrest,
without support, coming out, of course, second best. A few days
later it was engaged at Moscow, Tennessee, where Captain Styles,
Company G, was seriously wounded.
In February, 1864, it marched with W. Sovy Smith from German-
town, south, to West Point, Mississippi, where that officer accepted
defeat, and returned. The 7th was in the rear most of the time
returning, and withstood some severe assaults from the enemy, none
of which broke through to the main column. After returning to
Germantown, in March, 1864, 289 officers and men re-enlisted, and
were furloughed in April. Some of the non-veterans, about 120,
were at Guntown, under Sturgis, in his celebrated defeat at that
place. When Forrest made his celebrated raid on Memphis, seven
companies of the 7th cavalry fought gallantly against the entire force
on the Hernando road, losing several men, killed, wounded and miss-
ing, and, joined with the 6th cavalry, followed him to the Talla-
hatchie River.
September 30th, the regiment, having been assigned to General
Hatch's division, marched toward the Tennessee River, via Somer-
ville and Bolivar, crossing it at Clifton, where it was joined by about
an equal force of infantry, commanded by General Washburne, in
pursuit of Forrest, who crossed the same river, safely, at Florence,
about the same time the 7th was crossing at Clifton. After remain-
ing in the vicinity of Savannah, Clifton and Lawrenceburg until
October 26th, it was ordered to Pulaski, from which point it marched
to Shoal Creek, November 8th, and remained on picket duty until
the 21st, when Hood crossed and advanced as far as Lawrenceburg,
where a short stand was made.
On the 24th, at Campbellville, the division was nearly surrounded
by Forrest, but succeeded in getting off without any serious trouble
save the loss of about 100 men and a hard march to Columbia, from
which point the cavalry covered the rear and flanks of the infantry
to Franklin, engaging the enemy at Hart's Cross Roads and at one
40
626 PATBIOTTBM OF ILLINOIS.
or two other points. At Franklin it charged a division of infantry,
driving them across the Harpetb River, capturing several of their
number.
December 13th Hatch's Division carried three lines of works, and
captured thirteen pieces of artillery, besides a large number of pris-
oners. Loss to the 7th, thirteen killed and wounded. On the 14th
it charged the works at Brentwood Hills. Loss — Major Graham
wounded seriously ; Captain McCausland, mortally; Captain Brant
and Lieutenant Skinner, seriously, and 23 enlisted men killed and
wounded. The rout of Hood's army being complete, the cavalry
followed him to the Tennessee River, having a lively skirmish every
day, telling largely in our favor, until the 23d of December, when he
crossed at Bainbridge. In this affair the 5th Division, Cavalry
Corps, M. D. M., (Hatch's) captured 23 pieces of ordnance, about
2,000 prisoners and large quantities of small arms.
January 13, 1805, found the command at Gravelly Springs, num-
bering 199 officers and men for duty, and they subsisted for about
ten days on parched corn after arriving there. On the morning of
December 13th 450 men were reported for duty, showing a loss of
251 men in the short space of one month. After remaining at Grav-
elly Springs about three weeks, the 5th Division was dismounted
and sent to Eastport to receive recruits, who poured in from every
quarter, until the regiment numbered over 1,600 men. After the
surrender of the rebel armies it was sent down to Okalona, Missis-
sippi, where it remained until the 1st of July. Tt then moved to
Decatur, Alabama, and was mounted. It remained near Decatur
until October 20th, when it marched to Nashville and was mustered
out of service, and received its final pay and discharge November
17, 1865, at Camp Butler, Illinois.
Few regiments have done the service that has been required of
the 7th, with so little noise and newspaper puffing, and few have a
better record or have marched more miles in an enemy's country.
Its period of service was about four years and three months.
Major Zenas Aplington was born in Broome County, New York,
December 24, 1815. In 1837, he emigrated to Buffalo Grove, Ogle
County, Illinois, where he fixed his permanent residence, and follow-
ed successively the occupations of a farmer, blacksmith and carpen-
MAJOR ZENAS APLINGTON. 627
ter, and merchant. On the 27th of April, 1842, he married Miss
Caroline Nichols, a most estimable lady, now living at Polo, Illinois.
Major Aplington was the founder of the latter town, and by the
increase in the value of his landed property became a wealthy man.
During the crisis of 1857, he met with heavy pecuniary losses,
which reduced him to comparative poverty. In 185 8, he was elected
State Senator for the district comprising the Counties of Ogle, Car-
roll, Winnebago and Boone, and won an enviable reputation as a
legislator. At the breaking out of the rebellion in 1861, Mr.
Aplington gave his whole time and energies to the raising of vol-
unteers. In August of that year he recruited a cavalry company,
of which he was chosen Captain. On the organization of the 7th
cavalry regiment, he Avas chosen Major. He for some time com-
manded the post at Bird's Point, and performed important service
under General Pope at the taking of New Madrid and Island No.
10. On the 8th of May, 1862, he was in command of a battalion of
his regiment, near Corinth, Mississippi. Here he was ordered, con-
trary to his own judgment and in spite of his remonstrances, to charge
xipon a large body of rebel infantry, concealed in the wood. Giving
the word to his men to follow, he dashed forward. One rebel who
attempted his life was cloven by a blow from his saber. A second
was more successful, and Major Aplington was shot just below the
eye. Dropping his saber, he crossed his arms upon his breast, a
pleasant smile settling upon his features, and fell from his horse,
dead.
Major Aplington was a man of large native talent, though lim-
ited education, of generous impulses and high moral principle.
No man in his community so fully possessed the confidence of the
people among whom he dwelt, and none deserved it better than he.
THIRTEENTH ILLINOIS CAVALRY.
The 1 3th cavalry was organized at Camp Douglas, Chicago, and
mustered into service on the 31st day of December, 1861. The
roster was as follows :
Colonel, Joseph W. Bell ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Theobald Hartman ; Major, Lothar
Lippert; Adjutant, Thaddeus S. Clarkson ; Adjutant 1st Battalion, William Wer-
ther ; Quartermaster, Emil Newbarger; Commissary, Hall P. Talbot; Surgeon,
628 PA1BI0TXSM OF ILLINOIS.
Charles Storck ; Assistant Surgeon, Leonard L. Lake; Chaplain, Abner W. Flen-
dorson.
Co. A — 1st Lieutenant, Julius GrosBenhei4er ; 2d Lieutenant, John Si
Oo. B— Captain, Henry M. Peters ; 1st Lieutenant, Felix C. Marx; 2d I i . unant,
Carl William Krui' 'i.
Co. 0— Captain, John E. Kimberly ; 1st Lieutenant, Ernst Riedel ; 2d Lieutenant,
Adam Sai hs.
Co. D— Captain, William Bell; 1st Lieutenant, Robert G. Dyhrenfurth; 2d Licu-
tenant, S. Chester Hall.
Co. F — Captain) Willis Danforth ; 1st Lieutenant, Ira D. Swain ; 2d Lieutenant,
G. Allen May.
Co. (J— Captain, Charles II. Roland ; 1st Lieutenant, Albert Erskine ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William K. Tabue;
Co. II — Captain, Robert II. Flcmming ; 1st Lieutenant, Diek A. McOmber; 2d
Lieutenant, Joseph II. Graham.
The regiment \v:is equipped and mounted at Benton Barracks,
Missouri, in February, 1862, and immediately marched into South-
east Missouri and Arkansas, where it remained till Jane, scouting,
raiding and fighting guerrillas. In June it joined General Curtis'
army, at Batesville, Arkansas, and went with it in the campaign
through that State, arriving at Helena, on the Mississippi River,
July 13th. One battalion was stationed in Southeast Missouri dur-
ing the latter part of that summer ami fall, scouting the country far
and near. In the fall, when General Curtis' army returned into
Missouri, the regiment was stationed in Southeast Missouri, ami dur-
ing the winter and spring took active part, under General Davidson,
in the expedition to Southwest Missouri and Northwest Arkansas,
driving Marmaduke's forces out of the State. It returned to South-
east Missouri in the spring of 1863, and again took acive part in
driving the rebel forces out of that State.
In May, 1863, the original eight companies were consolidated into
one battalion of three companies, under command of Mapr Lothar
Lippert, who died at Little Rock, Arkansas, on the 18th of October
following. In July the regiment acccompanied General Davidson's
cavalry division into Arkansas, and took part in the fights at Browns-
ville, August 24th and 25th; Bayou Metairc, August 27th and 28th ;
Austin, August 31st, and at Bayou Metaire again, September 4th,
and was one of the first regiments that entered Little Rock, at its
capture. It took active part in the pursuit of Price's army to Red
River.
THE THIRTEENTH CAVALRY. 629
In February, 1864, nine new companies were added to the regi-
ment, joining the three old companies at Pine Bluff, Arkansas.
The following was the roster at its re-organization in April, 1864.
Colonel, Albert Erskine ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Theobald Hartman ; 1st Major, D.
B. Grattan ; 2d Major, William C. Carroll ; 3d Major, Frederick Behlendorff; Sur-
geon, Edwin R. Willard ; Assistant Surgeon, Frank J. Foster ; Chaplain, A. W.
Henderson; Quartermaster, Einil Newbarger ; Commissary, Keyer Danforth ; Adju-
tant, G. Fred. Williams ; Quartermaster Sergeant, James H. Mitchell; Commissary
Sergeant, Thomas Luney ; Hospital Steward, John H. Carman ; Saddler, William
Busch ; Veterinary Surgeon, Franklin C. Jenks ; Chief Bugler, Hugh Smith.
Co. A — Captain, Hugo Frederick; 1st Lieutenant, William Lavalle.
Co. B — Captain, Adolph Behand; 1st Lieutenant, Edward W. Quinn ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Michael Lehman.
Co. C — Captain, G. Allen May ; 1st Lieutenant, James G. Kearney ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Ira B. Henry.
Co. D — Captain, Gurnsey W. Davis ; 1st Lieutenant, Z. P. Curlee ; 2d Lieutenant,
A. W. Anderson.
Co. E — Captain, David Slinger ; 1st Lieutenant, Leonard W. Ross ; 2d Lieutenant,
North E. Storms.
Co. F — Captain, A. J. Alden ; 1st Lieutenant, B. H. Crain ; 2d Lieutenant,
Ninian E. Orton.
Co. G — Captain, George M. Alden; 1st Lieutenant, John C. Kennedy; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James E. Teale.
Co. H — Captain, Samuel A. Hogue ; 1st Lieutenant, William B. Barton ; 2d
Lieutenant, James P. Moorman.
Co. I — Captain, Edward Brown ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas L. Bailey.
Co. K — Captain, Henry S. Smith ; 1st Lieutenant, John N. Scarborough ; 2d
Lieutenant, T. T. Fountain.
Co. L — Captain, George W. Suesbury ; 1st Lieutenant, James Crain.
Co. M — Captain, John H. Norris ; 1st Lieutenant, Adam W. Hill ; 2d Lieutenant,
Charles H. Temple.
In the spring of 1864, the regiment accompanied General Steele's
army in the expedition to Camden, taking part in the fights at Arka-
delphia, Ocolona, Little Missouri River and Prairie du Ann, April
2d, 3d and 4th ; Camden, Marksville and Jenkins' Ferry, on Saline
River, April 29th and 30th. On returning to Little Rock, it was
actively engaged in the different expeditions sent out to defeat
Shelby's and Marmaduke's forces, which were scattered throughout
the State, and had fights with them at Clarendon and Pine Bluff.
In the summer of 1864, it was stationed at Pine Bluff, under Colo-
nel ( afterward General ) Clayton, and participated in all the scouts
and raids under that General.
G30 I'A 1 Ul.-I ISM OF ILLINOIS.
On January 24, 1SG5, the cavalry division of the 7th Army Corps,
in which the 18th was serving, was discontinued, and the regi-
ment was assigned to duly at, the post of Pine Bluff, performing,
however, some Bevere duty, such as picket, scouting ami raiding,
capturing and killing quite a Large number of rebels. After the
news of tlic surrender of Lee and Johnston had been received, the
regiment was detailed, and took possession of Monticello, Camden
and Washington, Arkansas, having headquarters at Pine Bluff, and
.so remained until ordered home to Springfield, Illinois, where it
arrived on September 13, 18G5, bringing home twenty-four officers,
and 498 men.
The following is a list of the battles in which the 13th was engaged
—thirty-four in number: Pittman's Ferry, Arkansas, July 20, 18G2 ;
Cotton Plant, Arkansas, July 7th ; Union City, Missouri, August
22d; Camp Pillow, Missouri, August 29th; Bloomficld, Missouri,
September 13th; Van Buren, Missouri, December 21st; Alton, Mis-
souri, January 17, 18G3; Eleven Point River, March 2Gth ; Jackson
and Cape Girardeau, Missouri, April 22*1 ; White River, Missouri,
April 23d ; Bloomfield, Missouri, April 24th ; Union City and Chalk
Bluff, Missouri, April 25th; Brushy Creek, Missouri, May 31st;
near Helena, Arkansas, August 8th ; Grand Prairie, near White River,
Arkansas, August 16th; Dead Man's Lake, Arkansas. Augusl 17th ;
Brownsville, Arkansas, August 24th and 25th ; Bayou Metaire, Arkan-
sas, August 27th and 28th; Austin, Arkansas, August 31st; Bayou
Metaire, Arkansas, S ptember 4th; Little Rock, Arkansas, Septem-
ber 10th; Berton, Arkansas, September 11th; Batcsville, Arkansas,
October 22d; Pine Bluff, Arkansas, November 28th ; Arkadelphia,
Arkansas, April 2, 1864; Ocolona, Arkansas, April 3d; Little Mis-
souri River, Arkansas, April 4th; Prairie du Ann, Arkansas, April
10th, 11th and 12th; Camden, Arkansas, April 15th; Jenkins'
Ferry, Arkansas, April 30th; Cross Road, Arkansas, September
11th; Mount Elba, Arkansas, October 18th; Douglas' Landing,
Arkansas, February 22, 1865 ♦ Monticello, Arkansas, March 28th.
The following is the muster-out roster of the 13th :
Lieutcniint-Colonel, George M. Alden ; 1st Major, Andrew J. Alden ; 2d Major,
Guernsey W. Davis ; Adjutant, Fred. W. Cole ; Quartermaster, Frank Drummond ;
Surgeon, Edwin R. Willard ; Assistant Surgeon, Frank J. Foster ; Sergeant-Major,
BREVET BRIGADIER-GENERAL ALBERT ERSKTNE. 631
John H. Crane ; Quartermaster Sergeant, James H. Mitchell ; Commissary Sergeant,
Thomas Luney ; Hospital Stewards, John H. Carman, Joseph J. Keeling ; Saddler,
David C. Stedlin ; Veterinary Surgeon, Franklin C. Jenks ; Chief Bugler, Elijah
Baggett.
Co. D — Captain, Zebedee P. Curlee ; 1st Lieutenant, Fred D. Boswell.
Co. E — Captain, Theophilus Parker ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles H. Matsel.
Co. F — Captain, Ninian E. Orton ; 1st Lieutenant, William E. Sparrow.
Co. G — Captain, John C. Kennedy; 1st Lieutenant, James E. Teale.
Co. H — Captain, James P. Moorman ; 1st Lieutenant, William R. Burton.
Co. I — Captain, Thomas L. Bailey ; 1st Lieutenant, Francis S. Mitchell.
Co. K — Captain, Keyes Danforth.
Co. L — Captain, James Crane.
Co. M — Captain, John H. Noiris; 1st Lieutenant, Charles H. Temple ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William H. Gibson.
Brevet Brigadier-General Albert Erskine was bora in Bristol,
Maine, June 27, 1832. He enlisted in the 51st. Illinois infantry on
the 20th of August, 1861, and on the 13th of November following,
was promoted to the 1st Lieutenantcy of Company E, 13th cavalry.
Proud of his profession as a soldier, and devoting his entire energies
to it, he was rapidly promoted, being appointed Captain August 8,
1862 ; Major, October 18, 1863 ; Colonel, April 11, 1864, and brevet-
ted Brigadier-General, for gallant and meritorious services, March 13,
1865. He was mustered out of service with his regiment, in January,
1865, and for a time occupied a desk in the State Adjutant-General's
Office. He is now Chief Clerk in the United States Assessor's
Office in Chicago.
Major Lothar Lippert was born in 1831, near Wurtzburg, Bavaria.
At the age of seventeen years he entered the regular army of his
native country, by his own free will, as a private, with the intention
of following the profession of arms for life. His unusual talents
soon gained him promotion from the ranks. But the year 1859 still
found him a 1st Lieutenant in the 5th Battalion, Sharpshooters,
of the Bavarian army, with no promise of a speedy further advance-
ment. This decided him to resign his commission, and to try his
fortune in the New World. He emigrated, in 1859, to the United
States, and made Chicago his home, where he engaged in mercantile
pursuits. At the outbreak of the rebellion, in 1861, he left his business,
and raised a company of infantry for the three months' service, but
miled in securing its acceptance by the Government. At the organiza-
tion of the 44th regiment Illinois infantry, Colonel C. KnobelsdorfF
632 PATBIOTJflM OF ILLINOIS.
commanding, he was elected Captain of Company E, and m
with this regiment, tinder Major General Curtis, during the success-
ful campaign in Missouri, which ended with the battle of Pea Ridge.
In all actions, cool, determined and untiring, he had won the love
and esteem of his superior officers and of his men, when, through
the instrumentality and friendship of Lieutenant-Colonel Theobald
Eartman, of the 13th Illinois cavalry, he was commissioned Major
in this regiment Be joined the 13th about the oth of March, 1862,
taking command of the 1st battalion, which had been sent into
Southeast Missouri. The troops under his command were constantly
in the saddle, and surprised and routed the rebels everywhere, in
numerous engagements. In October, 1862, Brigadier-General J. W.
Davidson, commanding the District of Southeast Missouri, appointed
Major Lippert Assistant Inspector General on his staff. He went as
such through that harassing winter campaign of 1862-63, in South-
east Missouri and Northwestern Arkansas. Major Lippert, preferring
the actual command of troops to a staff appointment, rejoined his
regiment in the spring of 1863, and went to work with his usual
vigor. In a sharp skirmish, near Patterson, Missouri, he was
severely wounded by not less than eight buckshot, disabling him for
some months, and saved from falling into the hands of the enemy by
the noble heroism of his faithful orderly, private Fritz Elbert, of
Company A, 13th cavalry. Before lie was able to use his sword
arm, he took the saddle again, in order to start with Brigadier-Gen-
eral J. W. Davidson's cavalry division into Arkansas. He was with
his troops actively engaged in all the different fights which occurred
up to ami including the battle and capture of Little Rock, Arkan-
sas, September 10, 1863, and showed, on all occasions, the most
untiring devotion to the service, strict discipline, and great tact and
circumspection in leading his troops. On account of these qualities
he was usually ordered, by General Davidson, to perform the most
difficult operations, which would require great energy and daring.
He undermined his health by his restless activity, and kept the sad-
dle even when already quite sick, and, although suffering from a
malignant fever and an aggravated chronic disorder, he started,
against the warning and advice of the Surgeon, on the 1st of Octo-
ber, 1863, from the outposts of the Army of Arkansas, at Benton,
MAJOR LOTHAR LIPPERT. 633
on the Saline River, on a raid to Batesville, on White River, in
Northwestern Arkansas, taking command of a body of troops, com-
posed of the 13th Illinois and the 2d Missouri cavalry. He performed
his difficult task with his usual successful celerity and fidelity, but
was hardly alive when he returned to Little Rock, on the 14th of
October, 1863, carried in an ambulance. He died of malignant fever
and chronic diarrhea, on the 18th of October — a priceless victim of
his exhaustless devotion to his adopted country. He was a thorough
soldier and a firm friend to his men and officers, and would surely
have achieved higher military honors but for his untimely death.
An only son, nine years of age, survives him, his widow having died
in 1865.
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
MAJOR-GENERAL PALMER.
Early Life — Political Career — Colonel — Brigadier — In Kentucky — His Admin-
istration— Sustained by the President.
M
AJOR-GENERAL JOHN M. PALMER stands among the
foremost of the volunteer officers of the war for the Union,
and has been among the most statesmanlike. The grand results of
our struggle could never have been attained had our armies been
solely under professional military men. It was a war of ideas, a
conflict of principles, and the presence at the head of our armies of
citizen soldiers was needed.
General Palmer was born in Christian County, Kentucky. Septem-
ber 13, 1817. In 1832, he became a citizen of Illinois, and, seven
years later, became a resident of Carlinvillc. His early education
had been meager, but he overcame its disadvantages, as far as possi-
ble, by constant reading, and, after removing to Carlinville, he
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1840. He was married
to Miss Neely in 1842.
In 1847, his political career began in an election to the State Con-
stitutional Convention. In 1852, he Avas elected to a seat in the
State Senate, in which he remained until 1855. In 185G, he was a
delegate to the National Republican Convention at Philadelphia,
and, in 1860, was delegate at large to the Convention which gave
Abraham Lincoln his first nomination. He was one of the five Com-
missioners to the Conference Convention which met in Washington,
February 4, 1861, in pursuance to the request of the Virginia Legis-
lature.
PROMOTIONS. 635
In 1861, he was chosen Colonel of the 14th regiment Illinois
Volunteers, and entered active service. In the campaigns of 1861,
he was in Missouri. In December of that year he was commissioned
Brigadier-General, and placed under General Pope at Commerce.
He was at the capture of New Madrid and Island No. 10, and on
the march to Corinth. He commanded the 1st Brigade of the 1st
Division of the Army of the Mississippi at the battle of Farmington.
He commanded the brigade, under Grant, until placed in command
of a division. He was early commissioned Major-General. His soldierly
qualities were seen to be of a high order ; collected, shrewd, prompt
in decision, and unfaltering in execution, brave as a lion, his promo-
tion to a high rank came no sooner than the army and the country
felt it was merited.
He commanded the 14th Army Corps in General Sherman's march
to the sea, and fought with distinction at Kenesaw and Peach Tree
Creek, receiving high encomiums. He was relieved from the com-
mand of the corps at bis own request, and assigned to other duty.
Hereafter Ave find him in the discharge of new and perplexing
duties.
We are now to see him in a novel position — one demanding military
firmness and statesmanship of a high order — in which he was to set-
tle some grave questions, and shape national policy.
In February, 1865, he was assigned to the command of the Fede-
ral forces in Kentucky, where there was much restlessness. The
Unionists were some of them sorely chafed by the loss of their
slaves, while there was a large element of the population in full
sympathy with rebellion, little less than 20,000 Kentuckians havino-
enlisted in the rebel armies. Guerrillas were active ; the question of
emancipation was unsettled ; the negroes were restless, for they were
neither free nor slave ; and the society was one great troubled
cauldron.
General Palmer moved deliberately but strongly, and it was soon
seen that he was not to be managed by crafty men. On the 29th of
April he issued his first celebrated order. It instructed military offi-
cers in the duty of arrests. Foolish people were not to be seized
for a foolish word. There was no armed enemy to the Government
within the department, and all persons patrolling the State, in viola-
636 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
tion <>l* law, were to be treated aa robbers :m<l guerrillas, and not
permitted to surrender for trial. The remaining paragraphs of the
order caused much excitement:
"The people of this department are to be protected without regard to color or
birth-place. Complaints reach these headquarters of the beating of women for claim-
ing the benefit of the amnesty oath and the act of Congress freeing the slaves of
all persona who have been in rebellion against the Government of the United States,
and have aided or given anj comfort to those in rebellion, and the joint resolution
freeing the wives and children of enlisted men and others who have acquired the
right, under the laws, the executive proclamation and military orders.
" All such persons are under the protection of the Government. Colored people,
within the laws, resolutions, proclamations and orders referred to, are free ; and,
whether free or not, arc to be protected from cruelty and oppression, in all cases.
" When the state of the country, and the organization and rules of civil tribunals
will permit them to enforce justice, offenders against the local laws will be handed
over to them for trial.
" In no case, however, will any person or court be allowed to deprive any one of
his or her liberty under the acts, resolutions, proclamations and orders above referred
to, or to harass, by persecution or otherwise, those who may desert the enemy in
earning a support or maintaining their rights."
This caused an outburst of indignation that the military was co-
ercing the courts. Subsequent military events modified the force of
the order, but that it was right in spirit and as conservative in tone,
as was possible, can hardly be disputed.
His general order of March 10th had asserted the freedom of the
wives and children of all colored men who enlisted in the Federal
army, and loyal men in Kentucky were urged to encourage their
enlistment. Thus it was bitterly complained that more than 22,000
valuable slaves Avere enlisted and their families freed, and that from
three to five hundred daily were being emancipated. The State
Legislature refused to approve the Constitutional amendment abolish-
ing slavery, and the contest went on.
At a Union convention, held in Frankfort, General Palmer
delivered an address, and pledged the whole power of the Govern-
ment to protect Union men and free speech, yet added, in hearing of
not a few ex-rebels, " The time has passed in this country, when
free speech is to be understood as the liberty of mouthing treason.
If I desired an inscription upon my monument after I have passed
from earth, it should be, 'Here lies the champion of free speech.'
KENTUCKY ADMINISTRATION. 637
But that free speech does not imply that the tradueer of the Govern-
ment, and the defamer of the principles upon which it is founded
shall be protected in his lying utterances. My idea is, that no man
has a right to utter treason, not believing it, or to utter treason,
believing it. In the one case he is simply a liar, and in the other he
is a traitor."
The approach of the annual election called out Order No. 51,
declaring the continued existence of martial law, and forbidding the
exercise of suffrage to all guerrillas, all j^bel scouts and spies, and
persons who by act or word gave aid or cOTufort to persons in rebel-
lion ; all deserters from the United States military service, who had
not returned under provisions of specified orders ; " all persons who
were or have been, directly or indirectly, engaged in the civil service
of the so-called Confederate Government, or of the so-called Pro-
visional Government of Kentucky, or who have in any way volun-
tarily submitted to the pretended governments ; all agents or
contractors for either of said governments, &c."
Complaints were made of undue military interference with elec-
tions, and indictments of military officers were common.
To assist colored people in going where they could find employ-
ment, the General set aside by military the statutes forbidding them
transportation on lines of transit. He suspended the execution of
barbarous statutes, and informed municipal authorities that they
could not and should not molest persons made free by authority of
the Government.
The President was besought to remove General Palmer. Pro-
slaveryism was upon its knees pleading for his disgrace, but the
administration sustained him. A suit was commenced against him,
in the name of the State, for aiding slaves to escape, but Judge
Johnston dismissed it, on the ground that the requisite number of
states had adopted the Constitutional amendment before the indict-
ment was found, and that, therefore, all criminal and penal acts of
the Legislature of Kentucky relating to slavery were of no avail.
Thus a Kentucky court gave the first judicial recognition of the
amendment.
A general order followed, proclaiming the abolition of slavery,
and advising people of color to claim their right to travel at the bar
G38 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
of the courts. The President, by proclamation, abrogated martial
law in Kentucky on the 12th of October. On the 15th General
Palmer telegraphed the Secretary of War that colored people were
not permitted to cross the Ohio on ferry-boats, and again, on the 16th,
that department passes to colored men were dishonored on the ter-
ries, and added, "I have ordered the Post Commandant here
(Louisville) to compel them to do so (honor them) The alarm
amongst the negroes upon the report of the withdrawal of martial
law, of which I have u£ official information, renders this course
necessary. Am I right ^ Mr. Stanton answered that the depart-
ment could not properly interfere in the matter.
The demand for his removal was angrily pressed, but the adminis-
tration could not remove him for cause. October 20th he was thus
telegraphed :
" Major-Gkneral Palmer:
" Major-General Thomas having reported in favor of your retaining command in
Kentucky, and approving your administration of the department, the President has
approved his report, and overruled the application made for your removal.
" By order of the President,
" E. D. Townsend, A. A. General."
Thus was treason and half-confirmed loyalty again baffled. Gen-
eral Palmer's administration will stand approved in history. He has
recently been honorably mustered out, and has returned to his
former home. Malicious prosecution seeks to disturb him, but the
loyal people of loyal Illinois, and a restored Union will not permit
a competent and faithful servant to be wronged.
CHAPTER XXXIX.
! REGIMENTAL AND PERSONAL.
The Fourteenth Infantry — Its Campaigns and Marches — The Fortieth — The Fifty-
fifth — Frozen In — Shiloh — Final Roster — Colonel Oscar Malmborg — The
Sixty-first — Colonel Daniel Grass — The Seventy-seventh — Vicksburg and
Arkansas Post — The Eighty-seventh — Service as Mounted Infantry — Banks'
Red River Expedition — Colonel John M. Crebs — The One Hundred and Eight-
eenth— Sufferings and Privations — Attack upon Vicksburg — Service in Louis-
iana— Final Roster — The Fourteenth Cavalry — Difficulties in raising the
Regiment — Pursuit and Capture of John Morgan — Campaigning in Tennessee —
The Fight at Bean Station — Rout of " Thomas' Legion " — Stoneman's Raid
upon Macon — A Terrific Fight and a Sad Disaster — Personal Sketches — Major
William McCullough — Colonel John M. Snyder.
FOURTEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
THE Fourteenth regiment was one of the six regiments organized
under the first call for troops. It was mustered into the State
service on the 4th of May, 1861, at Camp Duncan, Jacksonville, by
Adjutant-General Mather. The following were among the original
officers of the regiment :
Colonel, John M. Palmer ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Amory R. Johnson ; Major, Jona-
than Morris ; Adjutant, William A. Scott; Quartermaster, Henry Coffman ; Pay-
master, Robert P. McKnight.
The regiment lay in camp at Jacksonville until May 25th, when it
was mustered into the United States service, for three years, by
Captain Pitcher, U. S. A. The original roster was as follows :
Colonel, John M. Palmer ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Amory K. Johnson ; Major, Jona-
than Morris ; Adjutant, Robert P. McKnight ; Quartermaster, John F. Nolte ; Surgeon
George T. Allen ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Frederick W. Kersting ; Chaplain, Wm.
J. Rutledge.
PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Co. A — Captain, Thomas M. Thompson ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry Etodeeker; 2d
Lieutenant, Charles Opiti.
Co. 1! — Captain, Cyrus Hall ; 1st Lieutenant, Dudley C. Smith ; 2d Lieutenant,
Milton L Webster.
Co. C — Captain, Aug. II. Cornman; 1st. Lieutenant, William B. Bastham; 2d
Lieutenanant, David N. Hamilton.
Co. D — Captain, Thomas J. Bryant ; 1st Lieutenant, James E. Williams; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Carlos C. Cox.
Co. E — Captain, Frederick Mead ; 1st Lieutenant, Jacob M. Early ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Ethan E. Norton.
Co. E— Captain, Milt. S. Littlefield ; 1st Lieutenant, William II. Scott; 2d Lieu*
tenant, Thomas H. Simmons.
Co. G — Captain, Lewis C. Reiner ; 1st Lieutenant, Fritz Fefeer; 2d Lieutenant,
Jacob Bippstein.
Co. II — Captain, Andrew Simpson; 1st Lieutenant, John W. Heartlcy ; 2d Lieu-
cnant, Oliver F. Squire.
Co. I — Captain, John W. Meachani ; 1st Lieutenant, Erasmus D. Ward ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Lawren W. Coe.
Co. K — Captain, William Cam; 1st Lieutenant, Henry Case; 2d Lieutenant,
William H. Shibley.
On the 19th of June, 1861, the regiment left for Quincy, where it
remained till July 5th, when it commenced a campaign through
Missouri, which lasted until February 5, 1862, when the regiment
arrived at St. Louis. On the 15th of February it left that city, and
arrived at Fort Donelson on the day succeeding its surrender, and
immediately left for Pittsburg Landing, and participated in the bat-
tle of Shiloh. From this time it was employed in marching and
countermarching through Tennessee and Mississippi, until October
5th, when it engaged the enemy at the battle of Metamora. After
various marches and countermarches it took position in the investing
line around Vicksburg, where it remained until the surrender of that
place, on the 4th of July, ] 863. We next find it in the siege of
Jackson, where it did good service.
Here our history of the 14th ends, except of such -meager facts as
are gleaned from its " Record of Marches." From this we learn
that it was at Vicksburg, July 21, 1863 ; at Harrisonburg, La., Sep-
tember 8th, where it participated in the capture of a fort and eight
guns; at Natchez, October 17th, where it remained till November
10th; at Wilson's Creek, February 4, 1864, where it skirmished
with the enemy; Iluntsville, Alabama, May 13th, whence the veter-
ans were sent back to Athens by railroad, and returned on foot; at
THE FORTIETH INFANTRY. 64:1
Camp Butler, June 4, 1864, where, we believe, the non-veterans
were mustered out. While engaged at Allatoona Pass [ Vide p. 134],
the veterans of the 14th were consolidated with those of the 15th,
under the title of the "Veteran Battalion of the 14th and 15th Illi-
nois," under the command of Colonel George C. Rogers. New
companies were added to both the 14th and 15th, at Goldsboro,
North Carolina, when the battalion organization was discontinued,
and the regimental organization of each resumed.
The 14th participated in the Atlanta campaign, in the great march
to the sea, and in the national review before the President. It was
afterward placed on duty in Kansas, and was mustered out of ser-
vice at Leavenworth, on the 20th of September, 1865. Two days
latei* it arrived at Springfield, where it received final payment and
discharge. Up to the time of mustering out the non-veterans, the
14th had traveled 6,428 miles by river, rail and on foot.
FORTIETH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
In our first volume [p. 318 et seq.] we have given the history of
the 40th to the date of its re-enlistment, with sketches of some of
its officers. We are unable to give the details of its subsequent
career. We know, however, that it served with credit in the Atlanta
campaign, and was with Sherman in his grand march to the sea.
After participating in the grand review at Washington, it proceeded
to Louisville, where it was mustered out on the 24th of July, 1865.
Three days later it arrived at Springfield, where it received final
payment and discharge.
FIFTY-FIFTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 55th Illinois infantry was organized in August, 1861, in Camp
Douglas, Chicago. It was then known as the " 2d Regiment,
Douglas Brigade." Its original roster was as follows :
Colonel, David Stuart ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Oscar Malmborg ; Major, William D.
Sanger ; Adjutant, George L. Thurston ; Quartermaster, Henry W. Jones ; Surgeon,
E. 0. F. Roler ; Assistant Surgeon, Charles Winne ; Chaplain, Milton L. Haney.
Co. A — Captain, William N. Presson; 1st Lieutenant, Jacob M. Augustine ; 2d
Lieutenant, Casper Shleich.
Co. B — Captain, Thomas B. Mackey; 1st Lieutenant, Albert F. Merrill; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Ashabel C. Smith.
41
642 PATBIOTIBM OF ILLINOIS.
Co. C — Captain, Rhi Bird; Lsl Lieutenant, Daniel Molntoeh ; Bd Lieu-
tenant, Bquire A Wright
r.i D— Captain, Theodore C. Chandler; 1st Lieutenant, Francis II. Shaw; 2d
Lieutenant, w illia a B. Johnson.
Co. B— Captain, Charles Tazevrell ; 1st Lieutenant, William II. Dixon; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William K. Halligan.
Co. F — Captain Earrison Presaon; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph W. Parks ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John 15. Johnson.
Co. G— Captain, Joseph Clay; 1st Lieutenant, Cyrus M. Brown ; 2d Lieutenant,
Albert A. Whipple.
Co. II — Captain, James J. Ilefferman ; 1st Lieutenant, James Wcldon ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Nicholas Angason.
Co. I — Captain, Timothy Slattcry ; 1st Lieutenant, Philip Seclbach ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Charles A. Andrews.
Co. K — Captain, Joseph Black ; 1st Lieutenant, Benjamin C. Swarts ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Andrew J.' Gillett.
The 55th was mustered into service on the 1st of December, 1861,
numbering 944 men. On the 9th of that month it was ordered to
Benton Barracks, Missouri, where it was placed under the command
of the man then known as " Crazy Sherman," whose " star otM s-
tiny " the 55th never for a moment after that ceased to follow during
his brilliant career. On the 13th of January, 18G2, the regiment
left St. Louis for Paducah, Kentucky. The steamboat upon which
the 55th was placed became frozen in the ice between St. Louis and
Cairo, where the men Buffered terribly from cold and hanger. The
trip was finally accomplished after oleven days' arduous labor, daring
which time the regiment h.id ') "1 t.ro days' rations, which it took
from St. Louis.
At Paducah the 55th was organized with other regiments into a
brigade, commanded by Colonel David Stuart. Here it underwent
almost an entire re-organization, largo numbers of the line officers
resigning.
The regiment participated in the capture of Columbus, Kentucky.
Two days after, it returned to Paducah to take a conspicuous part
in the ever memorable campaign against Corinth. At Shiloh it was
a part of General Sherman's (5th ) division, although the brigade
of which it was a part was detached and fought its portion of the
battle three miles away from its commanding General. The 55th,
during the first day's battle, was placed upon the extreme left of the
Union army, and was unfortunate enough to be brigaded with the
THE FIFTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. 643
71 st Ohio. The flight of this regiment left the 55th and its only
remaining support, the 54th Ohio, in a terrible situation— exposed to
a merciless cross fire of shot, shell, grape and musketry from a force
of five times its number. Its services, placed as it was upon the
extreme left flank of the army, cannot be overestimated. Dining
the fight on Sunday, this fragment of a brigade, without artillery or
cavalry, with no orders emanating from a higher source than its
brigade commander, was the only obstacle between the rebel right
flank and the landing. Hour after hour, however, these' raw troops
faced the furious enemy and held them at bay until the other portions
of the army had retired, and finally, when its cartridges were entirely
exhausted and nearly two thirds of its number lay dead or wounded
upon the field, it slowly and sullenly retired to form a portion of
the little band that rallied around the landing to save the army from
annihilation until reinforcements could arrive. In this battle the
55th had 512 men engaged. At the next roll call 215 answered to
their names. Shiloh was the first battle in which it participated,
where it fairly won the honorable appellation of " veterans."
During the war the 55th bore an honorable part in the following
battles : Shiloh, April 6th and 7th, 1862 ; Russell House, May 17th ;
siege and capture of Corinth; Chickasaw Bayou, December 27th,
28th, 29th and 30th; Arkansas Post, January 10th and 11th, 1863;
Snyder's Bluff, April 30th; Champion Hills, May 16th ; assaults on
Vicksburg, May 19th and 22d; siege of same to July 4th; siege of
Jackson from July 10th to 16th ; Tuscumbia, Alabama, October 27th ;
Mission Ridge, November 24th and 25th ; Kenesaw Mountain, June
27, 1864 ; Atlanta, July 20th, 22d and 28th, and August 3d ; Jones-
boro, August 31st and September 1st ; Fort MacAllister, Georgia,
December 13th; South Edisto River, February 9, 1865; Columbia,
South Carolina, February 15th and 16th ; Bentonville, North Caro-
lina, March 20th and 21st ; making in all thirty-one severe engage-
ments, besides skirmishes without number. The regiment, during its
long and arduous service, was one hundred and twenty days, or four
months, under the immediate fire of the enemy.
During its term of service the 55th marched on foot 3,340 miles,
traveled 2,875 miles by railroad, and sailed farther — a distance of
5,850 miles — making a total of 12,065 miles. Its losses in battle —
C44 PATRIOTISM OS ILLINOIS.
f»:? killed outright, 828 wounded, i"> died of wounds, and 173 were
discharge 1 for disability, 55 taken prisoners, and lost, by disease 100
men. Its total losses, from all sources, therefore, foot up 792. During
its term of service it received, by transfer and from recruiting
sources, 135 men.
The regiment re-enlisted in the veteran service March 31, 1804,
and was finally mustered out at Little Rock, Arkansas, August 14,
1805.
During a good portion of its service it was commanded almost
entirely by men previously promoted from the ranks. The muster-
out roster was as follows :
Lieutenant-Colonel, Charles A. Andress ; Major, Giles J. Iland ; Adjutant, J. A.
Smith ; Surgeon, C. B. Thompson ; Assistant Surgeon, J. B. Tomkins ; Sergeant-
Major, J. (J. Brown; Quartermaster Sergeant, M. M. Totter; Commissary Sergeant,
Jacob Sanford ; Hospital Steward, J. L. Burnside.
Co. A— Captain, II. II. Piickett.
Co. C — Captain, Robert Oliver; 1st Lieutenant, L. J. Keys.
Co. D — 1st Lieutenant, Isaac Wooding.
Co. E — Captain, Robert Dixon ; 1st Lieutenant, John Worden.
Co. F— 1st Lieutenant, D. N. Holms.
Co. G — Captain, Peter Roberts.
Co. II — Captain, J. A. Scott; 1st Lieutenant, A. C. Richardson.
Co. I — Captain, Fred. Ebcrsold ; 1st Lieutenant, D. C. Andres3.
Co. K — Captain, J. W. Rays; 1st Lieutenant, William Ground.
Colonel Oscar Malmborg is a native of Sweden, and an old
European soldier. He entered the service as Lieutenant-Colonel of
tiro 55th Illinois infantry. From the very first he devoted the strict-
est attention to the discipline of the regiment. At the muster out
of Colonel Stuart, in the spring of 1863, Lieutenant-Colonel Malm-
borg was promoted to the Colonelcy. Upon the many well-fought
fields, where the 55th helped to write the history of Illinois, none
were more conspicuous for bravery than Colonel Malmborg. Although
a man of eccentric habit, and, at times, violent temper, he always
bore the reputation of being one of the hardest workers and best
fighters in our army. It is to him the 55th owes its wonderful profi-
ciency in drill and discipline, for which it was so justly famous. Ho
left the regiment at the end of its three years' term.
Lieutenant-Colonel Charles A. Andress is a native of Bethlehem,
Pennsylvania, and, by trade, a cabinet maker. lie first served as a
THE SIXTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 64:5
private, in the 11th Illinois, through the three months' term. Upon
the organization of the 55th, he entered it as private, but was soon
promoted to 2d Sergeant of Company I, of which he was a member.
On the 5th of March, 1862, he was raised to 2d Lieutenant of his
company, and subsequently to 1st Lieutenant and Captain. He com-
manded the regiment as Captain from October 4, 1864, until June
17, 1865, when he was promoted to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy, and
continued in command until its muster out. Although a mere boy
in years, he was justly considered one of the best officers promoted
from the ranks of this regiment. He is now engaged in the furniture
business in Franklin Grove, Illinois.
Surgeon E. O. F. Roler was born in Indiana, and is a graduate of
Chicago Medical University. He was appointed Surgeon at the
organization of the 55th Illinois, and throughout his term discharged
the arduous duties of his office in a manner to win the love and
esteem of all his fellow soldiers. He was one of the best Surgeons
in the service — a gentleman and scholar in the truest sense of the
term — and was universally beloved by every member of his regiment.
Dr. Rolcr was successively promoted to Division Surgeon and Medi-
cal Director. After leaving the service, he spent nearly two years
in Europe, completing the study of his profession, and is now prac-
ticing medicine in Chicago, in connection with his former preceptor,
Professor By ford.
SIXTY-FIRST ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 61st regiment was organized at Carrollton, Green County, in
the fall of 1861. In the latter part of February, 1862, it was order-
ed to St. Louis. At this time it had but Dine companies, and on the
7th of March was mustered into the service, with Jacob Fry as
Lieutenant-Colonel, and Simon P. Ohr as Major. The full original
roster of the regiment, as officially reported, was as follows:
Colonel, Jacob Fry ; Major, Simon P. Ohr ; Adjutant, Henry S. Goodspeed ;
Quartermaster, Francis P. Veddcr ; Surgeon, Leonidas Clemens ; Assistant Surgeon,
George H. Knapp ; Chaplain, Edward Rutledge.
Co. A — Captain, Francis M. Posey; 1st Lieutenant, David G. Culver; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William H. Armstrong.
Co. B — Captain, Martin J. Mann ; 1st Lieutenant, George Chism ; 2d Lieutenant,
Samuel T. Carrico.
PATRIOTISM OF I!.U.N"IS.
Co. C — Captain, Warren Ibrie ; 1st Lieutenant, John 'J'. Beater; 2d Lieutenant,
Marshall S. Parker.
i i, John II. Reddish; 1st Lieutenant, Daniel S. Kelly, 2d Lieuten-
ant, John i:. MeWyl I
(.',). B— Captain, Henry W. Manning; 1st Lieutenant, Jedediafa Beals; 'Jd Licu-
tenant, James I). Ballon.
Co. F — Captain, Robert E. Haggard; 1st Lieutenant, William L. Stuart; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Charles B. Smith.
Co. G — Captain, Jerome B. Nulton ; 1st Lieutenant, William B. Taylor ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Jacob L. Marshall.
Co. II — 1st Lieutenant. Daniel Grass.
Co. I — Captain, James Lawrence ; 1st Lieutenant, Frederick Mattcrn ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Joseph II. Bufbiigton.
The regiment drew no arms for some time after being mustered
in. A fe\vr days after their receipt, it was ordered to report to
General Grant at Savannah, Tennessee. It arrived at Pittsburg
Landing, March 30th, and took an active part in the battle of Shiloh,
which followed a few days later. It next bore a share in the siege
of Corinth, and was then sent to Bethel and Jackson, Tennessee.
About the middle of August, it was ordered to Bolivar, Tennessee,
where it was employed in guarding railroads, and hunting guerrillas.
While there it was ordered to Iuka, but did not reach there in time
to take part in the battle. Sometime in the winter of 1802-3, in
company with the 43d Illinois, it had a skirmish with the rebels un-
der Forrest, near Jackson, where the latter were signally defeated.
On the 1st of May, 18G3, it was ordered to the front at Yirksburg.
It soon went up the Yazoo River, and had a brisk engagement at
Mechanicsburg. It then went to Haines' Bluff, and thence to
Snyder's Bluff, where it remained till the surrender of Vicksburg.
It next joined in General Steele's expedition against Little Rock,
and participated in the capture of that place on the 10th of Septem-
ber. It remained in that vicinity until the latter part of June, 1864,
making frequent incursions into the country. About the 1st of
July it proceeded, in General Carr's division, to Clarendon, on
White River, Arkansas, where it had a spirited engagement with
the enemy. It remained at Duvall's Bluff, Arkansas, until the mid-
dle of August, when the veterans were sent home on furlough. At
the expiration of their furloughs, the veterans were ordered to St.
Louis, and remained in Missouri, until the rebels were driven out.
COLONEL DANIEL GRASS. 647
The regiment proceeded to Paducah, thence to Nashville, where it
arrived in the latter part of November, 1864. Here it was assigned
to General Rousseau's command, and proceeded at once to Murfreea-
boro. On the 4th of December, it had a brisk fight with the enemy
on Overton Creek, four miles from Murfreesboro. On the 7th of
December it was ordered out, with other forces, to make a recon-
noissance. In the hot engagement which followed, it bore a dis-
tinguished part. On the 12th of December, it was sent to Steven-
son, Alabama, for supplies. On its return it was compelled to do
the double duty of fighting rebels and rebuilding i*ailroad tracks.
When within six miles of Murfreesboro, it was attacked by an
overwhelming force of the enemy, and about eighty of the men cap-
tured, the remainder escaping to Murfreesboro. Among the prison-
ers was Colonel Grass.
The escaping portion of the regiment was soon after joined by the
veterans, and remained in the vicinity of Murfreesboro and Frank-
lin, Tennessee, until mustered out.
The non-veterans remained in Arkansas till February, 1865, and
did there much hard labor and service.
The regiment was mustered out of service at Nashville, Tennes-
see, September 8, 1865. On the 12th it arrived at Springfield,
where it received final payment and discharge.
Colonel Daniel Grass was reared in Lawrence County, Illinois,
where he received a limited education. On the breaking out of the
rebellion, he raised a company of volunteers, of which he was chosen
Captain, and attached to the 8th regiment, Colonel Oglesby. At
the expiration of the three months' service, the company did not re-
enlist, and Captain Grass set about raising another. Before it was
full it was assigned to the 61st regiment, as Company II, and he was
commissioned 1st Lieutenant. In August, 1862, he was sent home
in charge of a recruiting squad, and remained in the recruiting service
until the last of February, 1863. On the 20th of that month he was
commissioned Captain of Company H. On the resignation of Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Fry, Captain Grass was elected Major of the regi-
ment, ranking from May 14, 1863. Lieutenant-Colonel Ohr dying
in the service, Major Grass was appointed to the vacancy, ranking
from September 14, 1864 — the date of Lieutenant-Colonel Ohr'a
(MS PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
floe ase. He was commissioned Colonel January 81, 1805, dating
on the i.'iili of Deoeraber previous. While taking a provision train
from Stevenson to ftiurfreesboro, as before mentioned, he was captured
by Forrest, who kept him a prisoner for :i month, and then released
him on parole, on condition that Colonel Grass Bbould secure his
exchange f >r a Colonel Rucker,of Forrest's command. The exchange
was effected, but a dispute arose regarding the respective rank of
the two officers, and Colonel Grass was ordered to parole camp at
St. Louis, where he remained till the collapse of the Confederacy.
He was mustered out in June, 1S65.
Columl Grass was with his regiment in every aetion in which it
was engaged, and commanded it most of the time from his promo-
tion to the majority. He well won the approbation of his superior
officers, one of whom ( General Rousseau ) endorsed a return to the
War Department as follows: "Colonel Grass is one of the best
and bravest officers in the service.1'
SEVENTY-SEVENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 77th was organized in Peoria, in August, 1802, and mustered
into the service of the United States on the 2d of September, 1862.
Company A was raised in Knox County; Company B, in Putnam;
Company C, Woodford ; _ Company D, Marshall ; Company E,
Peoria; Company F, Peoria; Company G, Peoria; Company II,
Woodford; Company I, Peoria ; Company K, Peoria. The follow-
ing was the original roster:
Colonel, Charles Ballanoe ; Lieutenant-Colonel, LysandcrR. Webb ; Major, Memoir
V. Hotchkiss; Adjutant, John Hough ; Quartermaster, David McKinney; Surgeon,
Charles Winnie ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Jesse M. Cowcn ; 2d Assistant Surgeon,
John Stoncr ; Chaplain, William C. Pierce.
Co. A — Captain, John A. Burdett; 1st Lieutenant, Gardener G. Stearns; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Merritt M. Clark. .
Co. B — Captain, Robert Irwin ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry B. Kays ; 2d Lieutenant,
Addison E. McCaleb.
Co. C — Captain, Joseph M. McCullock ; 1st Lieutenant, William A. Woodruff; 2d
Lieutenant, l'hilip Jenkins.
Co. D — Captain, Robert II. Brock ; 1st Lieutenant, William J. Goodiich ; 2d
Lieutenant. John M. Shields.
Co. E — Captain, Edwin Steven? ; 1st Lieutenant, Samuel J. Smith ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, James II. Schnebly.
THE SEVENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 649
Go. F — Captain, William W. Crandall ; 1st Lieutenant, William 0. Hammers ; 2d
Lieutenant, James A. Secord.
Co. G — Captain, John D. Rouse : 1st Lieutenant, Charles Island ; 2d Lieutenant,
Frederick I£. Osgood.
Co. H — Captain, Lewis G. Keedy; 1st Lieutenant, Milgrove P. Parmeter; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John Filger.
Co. I — Captain, Wayne 0. Donald ; 1st Lieutenant, Silas J. Wagoner ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John H. Em.
Co. K — Captain, Ephraim C. Rynearson ; 1st Lieutenant, William H. White ; 2d
Lieutenant, Sylvester S. Edwards.
The regiment left Peoria on the 4th of October, 1862, with orders
to report at Cincinnati. Upon arriving there, it was ordered into
camp at Covington, and assigned to a place in General A. J. Smith's
division, of the Army of Kentucky, under the command of General
Gordon Granger. During the last of October this division marched
from Covingtun, through Paris and Lexington, to Nicholasville. At
that place the 77th was detached from the division, and ordered to
take possession of the town of Richmond, Kentucky. These were
the first United States troops that had entered that place since the
defeat of our forces there and its occupation by the rebel forces.
The regiment remained at this place about two weeks, and was then
ordered to march to Louisville, and join the balance of the division,
which was already there. It embarked on steamers at Louisville,
and arrived in Memphis in November, and was attached to the
forces under General Sherman. In December it embarked again,
and landed in the Yazoo River, and immediately prepared to attack
Vicksburg. It was in the four days' fight at this place, and embarked
when the attack was found to be a failure. From thence it pro-
ceeded up the Mississippi and Arkansas to Arkansas Post, and was
engaged in the attack and capture of that place, in January, 1863,
where it lost about 60 men, killed and wounded, and claims having
the first flag on the works, which was planted by Major Hotchkiss.
The regiment acquitted itself so well that the commanding General
gave the fort and prisoners into its charge, until the works were
destroyed. Immediately afterward it proceeded to Young's Point,
and went into camp. Here General Grant joined the forces, and
commenced organizing his army for operations against Vicksburg.
The 77th was kept in General A. J. Smith's division, and the division
assigned to the 13th Army Corps, under General McClernand.
650 i'ATKIoiISM OF ILLINOIS.
I In-.- it remained until April, L 868, being employed in digging canals
and burj tag the dead, ha\ ing :i good deal of the Latter to do, owing
to the camp diarrhea being SO fatal. The regiment lost nearly one
hnndred men at this place, from this disease. In April it inarched
from Millikon's I lend to Grand Gulf, and crossed the river below
that place among the first The next morning it marched to Port
Gibson, and fought daring the whole of that day, and defeated the
rebel force. During the next three weeks it marched through with '
Grant's army, and was engaged in the hat ties of Raymond, Cham-
pion Hills and Big Black River. On the 22d of May it was in the
desperate assault on Vicksburg, and succeeded in planting its colors
on one of the rebel forts, and kept it there until it was withdrawn in
the evening. In this assault the regiment lost 132 men, killed and
wounded, leaving fifty dead on the field. It remained in the rear of
Vicksburg during the whole siee;e, digging and skirmishing, night
and day, for over forty days, and entered the city when it surren-
dered. The next day after the surrender, it marched to Jackson,
and took part in the siege and capture of that place. In September,
18G3, the corps embarked for New Orleans. It marched from that
city, up the Bayou Teehe, to New Iberia, and after remaining there
several weeks, marched back to New Orleans, and embarked for
Pas Cavello, in Texas. It remained there until February, 1864,
when it returned to New Orleans, and marched up Red River with
General Banks, General Ransom commanding the division. It
was one of the regiments which were sent forward at Sabine Cross
Roads to assist the cavalry, and was unfortunate enough to be in the
front during this severe defeat. Here it suffered badly, having lost
175 men, killed, wounded and prisoners. Lieutenant-Colonel Webb
here lost his life, a bullet from the enemy striking him in the head,
and killing him instantly. After returning from the Red River cam-
paign, the regiment was embarked on boats, and pi^oceedecLto Forts
Gaines and Morgan, and assisted in the reduction of both of those '
posts. After this, it returned to New Orleans, and was assigned to
provost duty in the city, until March, 1865. It was then assigned
to the 3d Division, 13th Army Corps, and proceeded to Fort Moigan.
It marched from there, up the Peninsula, to Spanish Fort, and
assisted in the siege and capture of that place. Rb<k-eW -m/l lVfnWTn
BREVET BRIGADIER-GENERAL D. P. GRIER. 651
After the full of Mobile it marched up the Tombigbee River, about
seventy miles, and was then ordered back to Mobile, General Taylor
having surrendered his forces to General Canby. It remained in
Mobile until the 10th of July, 1865, when it was mustered out of
the service, and started for home.
Brevet Brigadier-General David P. Grier, in April, 1861, raised a
company at Elmwood, Peoria County, was chosen Captain, and
immediately offered his company to Governor Yates. Like many
others, at that time, he was too late, as the quota was full. The
company was held together for two or three weeks, and, seeing no
chance of getting into the service in Illinois, it went to St. Louis,
and was mustered into the United States service, in the 8th Missouri
infantry, which was composed mainly of companies from Illinois.
He served with this regiment until August, 1862, when he was
elected, by the 77th, Colonel of that regiment, and ordered to Peoria
to assume command of it. While in the 8th Missouri, he was with
the regiment in the engagements at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson,
Shiloh, siege and capture of Corinth. "With the 77th he was in the
first engagement at Vicksburg, at Arkansas Post, Port Gibson, Ray-
mond, Champion Hills, Big Black River, assault on Vicksburg, May
22d, and the whole siege of that place, and the siege and capture of
Jackson. At the siege and capture of Forts Gaines and Morgan he
was the senior officer, and had command of all the land forces, under
General Granger. While the regiment was stationed at New Orleans,
he was appointed Brevet Brigadier-General by President Lincoln,
on the 5th of March, 1865, and assigned, by General Canby, to the
command of the 1st Brigade, 3d Division, 13th Army Corps. He
retained command of this brigade during the siege and capture of
Spanish Fort, Fort Bkikeley and Mobile, and until July, 1865, when
he was mustered out with the regiment. During his four years and
three months' service he was constantly in the field, and served in
twenty-two engagements and skirmishes, and, very fortunately,
escaped without a wound. He now resides at Peoria.
EIGHTY-SEVENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 87th was raised under the auspices of Colonel John E. Whitin^
and Lieutenant-Colonel John M. Crebs, and rendezvoused at Camp
PATRIOTISM OF [LLIKl
Logan, Shawneetown, Illinois, where it was mustered into servioe
e 22d day i t' Sept tnber, L862, with the following roster:
Co!i' . Lieutenant-Colonel, John M. Crcbs ; Ifajoi
Land; Adjutant, John D Martin; Quartermaster, John II. Cooper ; Burgeon, Elan
L. Btewarl . Surgcou, John Poindcxter; Chaplain, Albert Ran
i, John S. Anderson; 1st Lieutenant, Robert L. Ifeador; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John W. Richai
Co. B —Captain, Thomas .1. Enlow; 1st Lieutenant, William T. Prunty ; 2d Lieu-
tenant. Archibald Spring.
C . C— Captain, Edmund Emery; 1st Lieutenant, James A. Miller; 2d Lieutenant,
Robert Pomroy.
Co. D — Captain, Jacob B. Borah; 1st Lieutenant, James T. Price ; 2d Lieutenant,
Lewis Mayo.
Co. E — Captain, Milton Carpenter ; 1st Lieutenant, James II. Wright ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Theophilus L. Jor.es.
Co. F — Captain, James Fackney; 1st Lieutenant, John II. Wasson ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Nathaniel B. Ilodsdun.
Co. 'I — Captain, Samuel J. Foster; 1st Lieutenant, Edwin B. Emerson ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John Graham.
Co. II — Captain, James R. Jacobs; 1st Lieutenant, William II. Johns; 2d Lieu-
tenant, James Chism.
Co. I — Captain, James P. Thomas ; 1st Lieutenant, Benjamin F. Brockctt ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, i;<> a Graham.
Co. K — Captain, Martin Vaught; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas Sheridan ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, William II. McHenry.
After the expiration of five months1 duty at Camp Logan, during
which time three raids were made upon the rebels in Kentucky, the
87th, on the 31st of January, 18G3, departed for Cairo, and arrived
at Memphis on the 3d of February. After three days of delay, the
regiment camped in tents near Fort Pickering. On the 2d of March,
more favorable ground was occupied for a cam]). During the regi-
ment's stay at Memphis it was temporarily brigaded with cavalry,
and made one raid to Hernando, Mississippi, with this arm of the
service and the G3d Illinois. In May it was ordered to the vicinity
of Vicksburg. It embarked on the Pth, and arrived at Young's Point
on the 11th. After several days of duty on the "Neck," the regi-
ment, in obe Hence to orders, marched to the front of the rebel works,
via Warrenton, and was assigned to duty on the memorable days of
the 22d and 23d of May. On the 24th Colonel Whiting, with six
companies, returned to Warrenton and took command of the post.
THE EIGITTY-8EVENTH INFANTRY. 653
His regiment was soon re-united. On the 24th of June, the effective
force of the 87th again marched to the front of the rebel works. It
served in its regular details in besieging until the 4th of July, when
joy was spread through the ranks of the army by the surrender of
General Pemberton to General Grant. On the 5th of July, a large
army was under orders and marching toward Jackson, Mississippi.
The 87th shared in this exhaustive march, and contributed in the
siege and capture of the place. It was complimented for soldierly
bearing in line of battle, and the completeness of its earth-works.
It returned after an absence of two weeks, and camped below Vicks-
burg, near the river. On the 2d of August, the 87th embarked for
Natchez. On the 3d it marched upon a raid fifteen miles distant,
returning to camp on the 10th. On the 12th the regiment proceed-
ed by transports toward the Department of the Gulf. The 13th Corps
was transferred thither, reporting at Port Hudson on the 11th, and
departing on the 12th. On the 13th the 87th debarked, and camped
above Carrollton, but subsequently camped below that place. Two
grand reviews of the army were made, under the direction of Gen-
eral Banks, and one by General Grant, who received unmistakable
evidence of the attachment of the troops formerly under his com-
mand. On the 13th of September the 87th crossed the river to
Algiers, and set out, with the Army of the Gulf, on the expedition
into Western Louisiana. It crossed the bay from Brashear City to
Berwick on the 28th. On the 3d of October Colonel Whiting took
leave of the regiment, in consequence of his failing health having
resigned his commission. The regiment arrived at Opelousas on the
23d. It countermarched on the 30th, and returned to New Iberia
on the 1st of November. It was mounted during the week, and
marched to Vermillion Bayou on the 8th, to report ; this place
the army evacuated on the 16th. It camped at New Iberia on the
17th. It performed many services in the Teche country. On the
2d of January, 1864, it marched from New Iberia, and camped near
Franklin on the 3d. It continued to do service as mounted infantry
till the close of the war.
On the 13th and 14th of March, the 3d Brigade took the advance,
and marched upon Banks' Red River expedition. At Wilson's planta-
tion, two miles beyond Pleasant Hill, on the 7th of April, the brigade
054: PATBXOTISM OF II. 1. 1.\. ' .
fought General Green's cavalry, 2,500 by report, and, after ail
obstinate battle, drove them from the field. The 87th lost several
in killed, wounded and missing, and received praise Tor its valor.
The advance was oontinned until night, at which time a furious
charge of the enemy was repulsed on the left. It remained in line
of battle until relieved next morning. On the 8th the battle of
Sabino Cross Roads was fought. It was the STth's lot to aet only a
subordinate part in this battle. The retreating forces reached
Pleasant Hill on the morning of the 9th. The 3d Brigade was
employed in guarding the approaches from Grand Ecore to the for-
mer place, and, on the 10th, moved to the latter place. It contributed
efficiently during the remainder of the campaign at Grand Ecore,
Cane River, Alexandria, Red River blockade, and in the battle at
Marksville. The 87th reached Morganzia May 21st, and was
stationed at this place during the summer. It performed much duty
in picketing and scouting, capturing many prisoners.
On the 3d of September a portion of the 87th embarked for White
River, the remainder being left, in consequence of the lack of room
on the transports, and were placed upon detached duty. On the
16th, Captain Sheriden and thirty-three men were captured, after a
brave resistance against a strong force of rebels, while on a scout
near Red River. One man was killed and two wounded, one mor-
tally. The detachment embarked on the 3d of November, and
landed at the mouth of White River on the 7th. It continued to
scout with success until the beginning of January, 1865. From
this place Major Land went home, and died soon after. In him the
regiment lost a kind and obliging officer. On the 4th three com-
panies embarked for Helena, and; on the 6th, the remaining seven
followed. Here the regiment remained until mustered out of the
service, in June, 1865. While here it performed valuable service in
scouting and hunting guerrillas. It was finally discharged from the
service, at Gamp Buter, July 5, 1865.
Colonel John M. Crebs was born in Middlebury, Virginia, April
9, 1830, and emigrated with his father to White County, Illinois, in
1837. From this time until he attained his majority, he labored on
the farm in summer and attended school in winter. At the age of
twenty-one he left home and studied law, and was admitted to the
COLONEL JOHN M. CREBS. 655
bar in 1853. When the rebellion broke out, he had a large and
remunerative practice. In 18G2, in connection with Colonel John
E. Whiting, since deceased, he raised the 87th regiment — a work
that was accomplished in two weeks' time — and was appointed Lieu-
tenant-Colonel. In consequence of Colonel Whiting's ill health, he
was in command of the regiment the greater part of the time from
its organization. At the battle of Sabine Cross Roads, the command
of the brigade devolved upon him, and he conducted it on the retreat
to Grand Ecore, without the loss of a dollar's worth of public pro-
perty. He continued to command a brigade until August 1, 1864,
although still only a Lieutenant-Colonel. On the 23d of August,
1864, he was commissioned Colonel, to rank from the 8th of Octo-
ber, 1803. He was discharged from service with his regiment, July
5, 1865, and he now resides at Carmi, Illinois.
ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
The 11 8th Illinois Volunteers came into service under the call of
July, 1862. It was enlisted in August, and rendezvoused at Camp
Butler from the 1st to the 8th of September of the same year.
Companies A, 13, C, E and II were raised in Hancock County ; Com-
panies D, F and K in Adams County ; Company G in Henderson,
and Company I in Gallatin County. The regiment was mustered
into the United States service at Camp Butler, November 7, 1862,
by Captain Washington, U. S. A., with the following roster:
Colonel, John G. Fonda ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Thomas Logan ; Major, Robert W.
McClaughry ; Adjutant, John W. Barnes ; Quartermaster, William K. Davison; Sur-
geon, Madison Reece ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, John K. Boude ; 2d Assistant Surgeon,
Elmer Nichols ; Chaplain, Thomas M. Walker; Sergeant-Major, Thomas A. Worthen ;
Quartermaster Sergeant, Elisha B. Hamilton ; Commissary Sergeant, Albert H. Ful-
ler ; Hospital Steward, Vaughn B. Corey ; Principal Musician, Sylvester T. Bryan.
Co. A — Captain, Thomas J. Campbell ; 1st Lieutenant, Alexander W. Geddea ;
2d Lieutenant, Thomas B. White.
Co. B — Captain, Morgan Rymer ; 1st Lieutenant, William H. Odell ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Alexander Sholl.
Co. C — Captain, Arthur W. Marsh ; 1st Lieutenant, Ephraim Grubb ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Abram W. Robinson.
Co. D — Captain, John H. Holton ; 1st Lieutenant, William J. Brown, Jr. ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, William J. Stuir.
Co. E — Captain, Jarvis S. Allen: 1st Lieutenant, David Turner; 2d Lieutenant,
W. L. Lemley.
PATRIOTISM OJ ii. I. in
Co. F— Captain, William J. Brani; 1st Lieutenant, Hamilton Toung ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Ira T\ lcr.
Q — Captain, Joseph Shaw ; 1st Lieutenant, James II. Butler; 2d Lieutenant,
Charles D. Painter.
Co II -Captain, Felix O. Mowring ; 1st Lieutenant, Rice C. Williams ; 2d Lieu-
tenant. Calendar Rohrbough.
Co. I t si Lieutenant, Allen Ellsworth.
Co K Captain, John D. Roaenbrook ; 1st Lieutenant, John S. Spangler; '2d Lieu-
tenant, Edmund Higbie.
Prom the time of its organization until December l, 1862, the regi-
Tnciit was kept at Camp Butler, the authorities being loth to lose the
services of Colonel Fonda, who, for Beveral months previous, had
been in command of that post. On the 1st of December the regi-
ment was sent by railroad to Alton, where, on the morning of the
2d, it was transferred to the steamer "Pembina" and taken to St.
Louis, and then sent to Memphis, Tennessee. It readied Memphis
on the 11th, and reported to General George W. Morgan, and was
assigned a place in the 1st Brigade, 3d Division, right wing, 13th
Army Corps. It remained in cam)) at Memphis until the 20th, when
it left, with Sherman, for Vicksburg. Arriving at the Yazoo River
on the 2Gth, it participated in the engagement at Chickasaw Bayou
until the night Qf January 1, 18G3, when it again embarked, and on
the 2d proceeded, with the army under McClernand, to Arkansas
Post, where it arrived on the evening of the 9th. During the
engagement of the 1 1 th, the regiment occupied a prominent place in
General Osterhaus' division (0th), part of the time supporting
Captain Foster's 1st Wisconsin Battery. In this action a number
were killed and wounded. On the night of the 13th there was a
heavy snow storm, to which the men were exposed, without proper
shelter, and which increased the sick list at an alarming rate. On the
14th the regiment re-cmbirked, and proceeded down the river, arriv-
ing at, Young's Point, Louisiana, on the 21st, and on the 23d went
into camp not far from the river, in a hog, after having been for
nearly forty days and forty nights cooped up on transports, part of
the men crowded below with the horses and mules, and the remain-
der exposed on the huricanc decks and guards, Without shelter, to
the daily storms of that latitude. The sufferings endured by the
troops during that "middle passage," from the Yazoo to Arkansas
Post and back again to Young's Point, are indescribable, and the
THE ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY. 65?
fact that they were endured almost without complaint goes further
than marches and battles to prove that their hearts were in the right
place. The ground on which the army was camped at this place was
very low and subject to overflow. The water in the river was higher
than the level of the camps, rendering drainage impossible. Fre-
quently the men were compelled to move camp in the night, because
of the rising of the waters. It rained nearly every day. A suffi-
cient number of tents could not be obtained, and men were crowded
to suffocation in those we had. Just at this juncture the small pox
broke out in the army. It was very fatal in the brigade, but none of
the cases in the 118th proved fatal. Finally, on the 10th of March,
the water drove the troops away from Young's Point to Milliken'a
Bend, twenty miles higher up the river, where the army remained,
in a comparatively dry camp, until April 2d, when the 118th, form-
ing part of General Osterhaus' division, started on the expedition
against Vicksburg, via Richmond, Louisiana, New Carthage and
Grand Gulf. It participated, with the 2d Illinois cavalry and 69th
Indiana, in the skirmish which gave us possession of Richmond. It
lay at Hard Times Landing on the 29th, and witnessed the bombard-
ment of Grand Gulf by Admiral Porter's gunboats. On the night
of the 29th it marched in the advance of General Osterhaus1 divi-
sion down the west side of the Mississippi to Bruinsburg, where it
crossed, with the division, on the morning of the 30th. In the after-
noon of the same day, General Osterhaus took up his line of march,
and, after marching all night, at daylight on the morning of the 1st
of May opened the battle of Thompson's Hill or Port Gibson. In
this engagament the 118th occupied an important position, where,
with others, it charged the rebel position several times, sustaining
severe loss, and materially aided in making his rout complete. The
regiment was here complimented by General Osterhaus, on the field,
for its good behavior and efficient service.
On the 2d of May, the regiment marched to the town of Port
Gibson, and in the advance of Osterhaus' Division took up its lino
of march, reaching Willow Springs on the 3d, Rocky Springs on tho
6th, Little Sand on the 8th and Big Sand on the 9th, participating
with the 2d Illinois cavalry in a skirmish at the crossing of Big
Sand, in which twelve rebels were killed and thirty captured. At
42
(558 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
this time the command was without rations, save those of coffee and
wait, and was compelled to gather its scanty supplies from the country
through which it passed. Attached to the cotton gins throughout
the country were " corn mills," used for the purpose of grinding
corn for the negroes. When the regiment went into cam]) at night,
a squad would be detailed to run each of the mills in the vicinity
through the night, and prepare meal for the next day's rations. The
meal thus obtained was merely "cracked corn," unbolted, and was,
withal, pretty rough diet, hut the boys fared sumptuously on it, and
cracked their corn and their jokes with equal glee. The utmost
enthusiasm prevailed, for all felt that they were lighting the cam-
paign that would determine the result of the war. A spectator
would not have believed that the army, then closing with resistless
might around the great stronghold of treason, was the same that lay
sickening and dying at Young's Point only two months before.
On the evening of the 13th of May the 9th Division went into
camp, seven miles west of Raymond, amidst a most furious storm.
About 11 o'clock at night it was ordered out again — the storm still
raging— and placed on " quick march " for Raymond. The men
heard that Logan was at Raymond, menaced by a superior force.
Cheerfully they marched, at the top of their speed, through the mini,
and the rain, and the darkness, and arrived at Raymond at 3 o'clock
on the morning of the 14th to find that Logan was at Jackson, with
Sherman. The regiment lay here all day. Starting at 3 on the
morning of the 15th, it marched, without breakfast, six miles, to
Bolton, driving out the rebel picket, and seizing the place. Coffee
had just been put on to boil, when the news came along the line that
the rebels were marching from Edwards' Station, to place themselves
in the rear, and cut our troops off from Raymond. Back toward
Raymond, for two and a half miles, the boys " doublequickcd," until
they reached the road along which the enemy was advancing, when
they formed across it, threw out skirmishers, soon encountered his
advance, and drove him back toward Champion Hills. At 1 o'clock
P. M., the order was given to stack arms and prepare breakfast.
The reeriment halted on a rid™ in a lar^e corn field, in which the
corn was about twelve inches high. About two hundred yards in
front of its line was a large ravine, from which the boys commenced,
A KEBEL GRAVE OPENED. 659
at once, to bring water for coffee. The Commissary came up, and
reported that one cracker to the man would have to constitute that
day's ration. Just then one of the boys, returning from the ravine
in front, reported having seen a newly-made grave on the slope of
the hill ; but another expressed his belief that the grave was rounded
up with more care than was usual at that time and under the circum-
stances, and asserted very strongly his belief that the grave did not
contain a rebel. Finally, a squad was sent to examine it, and soon
succeeded in disinterring about 150 excellent hams, which were
received with hearty cheers, and devoured with infinite satisfaction
by the half-starved men.
At 6 o'clock on the morning of the 16th, General Osterhaus' divi-
sion was moving toward Edwards' Station. At 7^ it began to skir-
mish with the enemy, and by 10 o'clock were hotly engaged in the
battle of Champion's Hill. The battle lasted until 4 P. M., when
the foe, utterly routed, commenced a disorderly retreat to Vicksburg.
Osterhaus followed in pursuit, and the regiment bivouacked that night
at Edwards' Station, some eight miles from the field of battle. In
this engagement it lost three of its best officers — Captain Geddes
and Lieutenants White and Arrison — all of Company A, beside a
number of men killed and wounded. Its position here was in Gar-
rard's brigade of Osterhaus' division.
On the morning of the 17th the 9th Division was on its way, by
6 o'clock, for Big Black Bridge, a strong position of the enemy,
defended by a long line of rifle pits, which was reached by 9, and
captured by 12 o'clock of the same day. The regiment suffered no
loss in this engagement On the 18th it marched with the division,
and camped within two miles of the defences of Vicksburg. The
1st Brigade was on this day placed under command of Brigadier-
General A. L. Lee, a brave and efficient officer. Under General Lee's
command, on the 19th, the brigade was advanced to within close rifle
range of the enemy's works, and while endeavoring to get the 118th
into a more advanced position, General Lee fell, wounded in the
head by a rebel sharpshooter. During the advance on the 19th the
regiment lost about twenty men, wounded, none killed ; on the 20th,
two killed ; on the 21st, one killed and one wounded, and on the 22d,
three killed and three wounded. On the 22d — the day of that fear-
6G0 PATBIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
ful charge — the 1st Brigade bad to advance, under a severe fire, upon
a more extended line than the others, until an enfilading fire from :i
fort compel! id it to take shelter behind a ridge, so close, however, to
the works of the enemy that their commands could be distinctly
heard. This position the regiment held for the remainder of the day,
to the great annoyance of the rebels, who, in the afternoon, made an
effort to dislodge i', but were repulsed with great slaughter. The
ni"ht of the 22d of May closed over the failure to take Vieksburg
by assault, but found the determination of the army to take it in
some way not the least abated.
On the 24th of May, General Grant dispatched Osterhaus with the
9lh Division to Big Black Bridge, to intercept General Joe John-
Ston. From that time until the surrender, the 118th was continually
engaged in constructing defences and skirmishing until the 10th of
June, when it was mounted, and from that time forth was on the
scout almost day and night. It remained at Black River Bridge,
on duty, till July 6th, when it marched with General Sherman's
expedition to Jackson, Mississippi, participating in the fight at Jack-
son from the 10th to the 17th, and then went on a raid to Brookhaven,
returning to Vieksburir July 24th. On the 4th of August an order
was received transferring the 13th Army Corps to the Department of
the Gulf. The horses were turned in to the Quartermaster August
6th. The 118th left Vicksburg August 7th, arrived at Port Hudson,
Louisiana, August 8th, left there August 15th, and arrived at Carroll-
ton, Louisiana, August 16th. Left Carrollton September 5th, arriv-
ing at Bayou Boeuf, Louisiana, September 6th ; at Brashear City,
Louisiana, September 11th; crossed the bay to Berwick City, Louisi-
ana, September 23 1, and arrived at Camp B island, Louisiana, Octo-
ber 3d. On the 4th of October the regiment was ordered to Algiers,
Louisiana, to report to Brigadier-General A. L. Lee, Chief of Cavalry,
Department of the Gulf. It arrived at Algiers, October 7th ; drew
horses and re-mounted, October 10th. Left Algiers, October 11th,
on the cars, for Brashear City, crossed the bay and marched to Ver-
millionville, Louisiana, where it arrived October 14f.h. It arrived at
Opelousas, Louisiana, October 23d, and participated in an engagement
near Washington, Louisiana, October 24th. It left Opelousas,
Louisiana, November 1st, camping at Carrion Crow Bayou the same
SERVICE IN LOUISIANA. 661
day, and was in a severe engagement November 3d, known as the
battle of Grand Coteau. It moved camp to Vermillionville Novem-
ber 6th, and participated in a battle near that place November 11th,
in which Captain A. W. Marsh, of Company C, was killed. It
moved from Vermillionville to New Iberia, Louisiana. November
15th it was in an engagement near Vermillion Bayou, Louisiana, in
which seventy-eight prisoners were captured. It remained at New
Iberia, participating in the daily scouts and skirmishes, till Decem-
ber 18th, when it was ordered to march to Donaldsonville, Louisiana,
and there ship by boat to Port Hudson, Louisiana, where it arrived
January 7, 1864. It remained at Port Hudson till July 3d, scouting
almost daily, and had many sharp skirmishes, and captured a great
many prisoners. On the 30th of March, a portion of the regiment
was in a severe fight on Bayou Grosse Tete, Louisiana, in which a
determined saber charge and hand-to-hand fight against superior
numbers saved it from defeat and capture. April 7th, a detail of
seventy-five men from the regiment, and a detachment of twenty-five
from the 3d Illinois cavalry, and one gun from the 21st New York
Battery were surrounded by some 600 rebels, near Plain's Store,
Louisiana, and, after a desperate resistance, succeeded in escaping.
The regiment moved to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, July 3d, and
remained there till the 4th of September, participating in General
Lee's raids, and in engagements at Redwood, Comite Bridge and
Clinton, Louisiana, August 25th. September 4th it marched to
Doyale's Plantation, and on the 7th marched to Hermitage Planta-
tion, opposite Donaldsonville, Louisiana, and from this point scouted
the country to Amity River, capturing prisoners almost daily. The
regiment went from hei*e, with General Lee, on his raid to Liberty
and Brookhaven, Mississippi, and participated in the fight at Liberty,
Mississippi, November 19th. It moved from Hermitage Plantation to
Baton Rouge, November 24th. Left Baton Rouge November 27th,
with General Davidson's expedition to West Pascagoula, Mississippi,
where it arrived December 12th. Shipped to New Orleans, by way
of Lakeport, December 24th; arrived there December 26th, and
returned to Baton Rouge December 27th. During the months of
January, February, March, April, and to the 22d of May, 1865, the
regiment was engaged in scouting, picketing, &c. On that day the
002 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
es were turned over to the Quartermaster. The regiment remained
at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, until it was mustered OUt, October 1,
1865. Colonel Fonda did not oommand the regiment after October
11, 1863, lie being constantly in charge either of a brigade or
district in Louisiana — the regiment being under command of Lieu-
tenant Colonel Thomas Logan. Major McClaughry was transferred
to the Pay Department, April 20, 1864, and ordered to Springfield,
Illinois, where he paid troops until mustered out of service, at his
own request (having been elected County Clerk of Hancock County),
October 13, 1865.
The following is the final roster:
Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General, John G. Fonda ; Lieutenant-Colonel and
Brevet Colonel, Thomas Logan ; Major, William J. Evans ; Adjutant, Huddlestone
M. Sleater; Quartermaster, William K. Davison; Surgeon, Madison Recce; 1st
Assistant Surgeon, John K. Boude ; 2d Assistant Surgeon, Vaughn B. Corey ; Quar-
termaster Sergeant, Robert G. Huston ; Sergeant-Major, David II. Ferguson ; Princi-
pal Musician, Sylvester T. Bryan.
Co. A — Captain, Cyrus M. Geddes ; 1st Lieutenant, Vauness Walkup; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Robert N. Witherow.
Co. B — Captain, Thomas W. Hurst; 1st Lieutenant, Elisha B. Hamilton ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Joseph Gill.
Co. C — dptain, Abram W. Robinson; 1st Lieutenant, Jeptha S. Dillon ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, George B. Saflbrd.
Co. D — Captain, William J. Brown ; let Lieutenant, Joseph Clark ; 2d Lieuten-
ant. Benjamin Kincaid.
Co. E — Captain, William II. Berryman ; 1st Lieutenant, David Turner ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, Albert II. Fuller.
Co. F — Captain, Ira Tyler ; 1st Lieutenant, Lewis Boyen ; 2d Lieutenant, John
W. Stevens.
Co. G — Captain, Joseph Shaw ; 1st Lieutenant, Charles T. Painter; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Joseph Braden.
Co. II — Captain, Calendar Rohrbough ; 1st Lieutenant, Andrew J. Stroup ; 2d
Lieutenant, William U. Cole.
Co. I — Captain, James E. Logan; 1st Lieutenant, William A. Cole ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Chauney B. Valentine.
Co. K — Captain, John D. Rosenbrook ; 1st Lieutenant, James W. Hewitt ; 2d
Lieutenant, William H. Reese.
FOURTEENTH ILLINOIS CAVALRY.
Recruiting for the 14th cavalry was begun, under very discourag-
ing circumstances, iu the summer of 1862, but an organization was
THE FOURTEENTH CAVALRY. 663
not effected until January 7, 1863, when the first and second bat-
talions were mustered in. This was done by the consolidation of
the nuclei of three regiments, then in camp at Peoria — Colonel
Capron's, Colonel Hancock's and Colonel Jenkins'. On the 6th of
February, the third battalion was mustered in. The regimental
muster-in roster was as follows :
Colonel, Horace Ciipron ; Lieutenant-Colonel, David P. Jenkins ; 1st Major, Francis
M.Davidson; 2d Major, David Quigg ; 3d Major, Howland Tompkins; Adjutant,
Henry \V. Carpenter ; Quartermaster, Samuel F. True ; Commissary, Bruce C. Payne;
Surgeon, Preston II. Bailhache ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, George A. Wilson ; 2d Assist-
ant Surgeon, John Ivory Wilkins ; Chaplain, Samuel Chase.
Co. A — Captain, Marion S. Carr ; 1st Lieutenant, Horace Capron ; 2d Lieutenant,
John S. Henderson.
Co. B — Captain, Paul Distler; 1st Lieutenant, Henry Heineke ; 2d Lieutenant,
Philip Link.
Co. C — Captain, James B. Dent ; 1st Lieutenant, Horace L. Porter ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Henry M. Eveans.
Co. D — Captain, Ebenezer L. Foote ; 1st Lieutenant, Thomas L. Masters; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John Miller.
Co. E — Captain, Benjamin Crandle ; 1st Lieutenant, George W. Evans; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John Hahs.
Co. F — Captain, Thomas K. Jenkins; 1st Lieutenant, William H. Guy ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John Sayler.
Co. G — Captain, William Perkins; 1st Lieutenant, Lewis W. Boren ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Enoch C. Palmer.
Co. H — Captain, William A. Lord; 1st Lieutenant, John S. Anderson; 2d Lieu-
tenant, John W. Howell.
Co I — Captain, Francis M. Hagaman ; 1st Lieutenant, Francis Bocke ; 2d Lieu-
tenant, DeRiley Kelbourne.
Co. K — Captain, William R. Sanford ; 1st Lieutenant, John R. Garner} 2d Lieu-
tenant, James S. Steen.
Co. L — Captain, Alvin Everts; 1st Lieutenant, Newton N. Burfree ; 2d Lieuten-
ant, Henry Connelly.
Co. M — Captain, Thomas S. Lupton ; 1st Lieutenant, William W. Rowcliff ; 2d
Lieutenant, Jacob J. Ruby.
During the months of February and March, 1863, the regiment
received its horses and equipments, and was thoroughly drilled in
cavalry tactics. On the 28th of the latter month, it broke camp and
started for Kentucky, reaching Glasgow, in the southern portion of
that State, at noon on the 17th of April. Two hours later it started
upon the march for the Cumberland River, traveling day and night.
It reached Celina the next evening, where, on the succeeding day
rY.l PATBI0TI8M OF ILLINOIS.
(the 10th), it bad a brief Bkirmish with the enemy, driving them
from the place, and afterward burned the town and destroyed one
hundred thousand dollars1 worth of army stores. It then returned to
('amp Boyle, al Glasgow, where it remained Bom< months. Here it
received four six-pounder mountain howitzers. While Btationed
it was engaged in scouting through the country. In June, it
pursued the rebel Colonel Hamilton to the river, effected a crossing,
and surrounded his camp, capturing a number of prisoners, their
train, two cannon, six hundred stand of arms, and all of the rebel
commander's papers. The doughty Colonel escaped, amid a perfect
shower of bullets, by putting spurs to his blooded iron-gray horse.
Nothing more of particular note occurred until the famous raid of
Morgan across the Ohio River. The 14th, under the command of
Lieutenant-Colonel Jenkins, was engaged in the pursuit an<l capture
of the bold rider and his crew. It then returned to Glasgow, hav-
ing traveled during this expedition over 2,lj00 miles.
On the 18th of August, it started for East Tennessee, reaching
Burnside's army, at Montgomery, <>n the 30th, leaving him the next
day at Emery River, and hastening on to Knoxville, which place it
reached on the 1st of September, capturing the rear guard of the
enemy and a considerable amount of stores. It was present at the
surrender of Cumberland Gap, September 9th, and was then sent
across the Clinch .Mountain.-!, and placed at guarding railroads, hav-
ing about one hundred and fifty miles of track in charge. While
here, it was frequently engaged in skirmishing with the enemy, and
often suffered for food. On the 18th it pursued the routed forces of
the rebel Colonel Carter for nearly ten miles toward Bristol, captur-
ing and killing many, taking their train and a large quantity of arms,
ammunition and camp equipage. On the following day it drove
them from Blountville through Bristol, into Virginia, destroying at
Bristol a large depot of army supplies. On the 20th it again engag-
ed the enemy at Zollicoffer. On the 22d, it met them at Blountville,
and after four hours' hard fighting drove them back. On the 11th
of October it had another severe engagement with the enemy, gain-
ing great credit for boldness and skill. At Blountville, on the 14th,
it fought them for five hours, driving them toward Bristol.
The siege of Knoxville by the rebels changed the plans of our
ROUTING OF THOMAS' LEGION. G65
commanders, and the 14th was employed in harassing the besieging
forces. On the 19th of December, the brigade was attacked by an
overwhelming force of rebels, and compelled to retreat; but the lat-
ter operation was conducted o la Sigel — whipping the enemy while
itself in retreat. The losses in this affair were very severe on both
sides. After the raising of the siege of Knoxville, the 14th was en-
gaged in the pursuit of Longstreet's forces up the Richland Valley.
On the 14th of December, our forces were attacked at Bean's
Station, by Longstreet's corps. Although the odds against them
were well-nigh overwhelming, our boys maintained their position
with great boldness and success. The enemy were repulsed with a
loss of 800 men. On the following day, the fight was renewed seven
milts below Bean Station, with a similar result.
December 24th, the 14th moved across Holston River, and was
incorporated with General Sturgis' cavalry corps, and was thereafter
engaged in campaigning against Longstreet, who was attempting to
re-invest Knoxville.
In January, 1864, the brigade of which the 14th had long formed
a part was broken up, and the regiment was for a time engaged in
guarding railroads. Before the month was ended, it was re-united,
and joined in driving the enemy to Danch idge, where a severe battle
was fought. Immediately afterward, with General Sturgis' corps,
it crossed a spur of the mountains, and camped at Tuckaleehee
Covo, January 30th.
The 14th was now chosen for an expedition into North Carolina,
to punish a noted band of robbers, known as " Thomas' Legion,"
composed of one hundred whites and two hundred Cherokee Indians.
The expedition was begun on the 31st of January, and on the 2d of
February, the regiment came upon the object of its search, whom it
completely routed, killing sixty and capturing fifty-six of the band.
The 14th lost four killed and five wounded. One of the latter — the
lamented Lieutenant Horace Capron, son of Colonel Capron — died a
few days later. On the 5th, the regiment reached the valley at the
foot of the range in Tennessee.
A few reconnoissances, with a great deal of hard marching, filled
the time till March 13th, when the regiment was found at Madison-
ville. This point was made headquarters, while the regiment was
806 PATRIOTISM OS iu.inois.
broken up in detachments and employed in guarding fords and
mountain passes. While thus engaged, :i band of Thomas1 Legion,
consisting of aboul one hundred and fifty Indians, planned the cap-
ture and slaughter of the detached companies. Their first attempt
was made upon Company E, at Cittico, May 27th, when they were
handsomely met, and soon (led to the mountains.
In June the 14th was ordered to join Sherman, and on the 13th
began its march, camping near Lost Mountain on the 29th. Tho
next day it joined General Stoneman's cavalry corps, and remained
with it throughout the Georgia campaign, or until his capture.
On the 27th of July it started upon the famous raid to Macon,
reaching that place on the 30th. Our troops destroyed the public
buildings there, and captured many prisoners. Learning of the fail-
ure of General Garrard to co-operate with him, and that a large
rebel force was advancing upon him, General Stoneman fell back.
At Sunshine Church, after a terrible fight of eight hours, and being
completely surrounded, the latter officer concluded to surrender.
Colonels Capron and Adams, however, received permission to cut
their way through. This they succeeded in doing, and went through
the rebel lines at different points, and afterward united. Soon after
the danger was passed, a dispute arose between the two Colonels as
to seniority of rank and the proper course to pursue, and they sepa-
rated. Colonel Adams succeeded in escaping, while Colonel Capron
was misled by the treachery of a guide, and wandered for several
days in the enemy's country. Finally, supposing himself safe, he
ordered a halt about one o'clock on the morning of August 3d, and
permitted the men to unsaddle and lie down, having had little or no
sleep for seven days and nights. While in the deep slumber induced
by such excessive labors, they were attacked by the rebels, who
dashed over the entire length of our line, killing many of the men
while they slept. Those who escaped did so by flying to the woods
on foot and unarmed, afterward making their way through the rebel
country, hunted by rebel soldiers, guerrillas, citizens ami blood-
hounds. Many men were captured or slaughtered after escaping
the fearful tragedy of August 3d. Those wdio succeeded in reach-
ing our lines came in squads and singly, during a period of several
weeks. One squad traveled a distance of 400 miles before reaching
the Union lines.
A GALLANT EXPLOIT. 667
During the raid upon Macon, the first battalion of the 14th, under
Major Davidson, left the main command July 29th, and " inarched
over one hundred and sixty miles in less than three days and nights,
destroying four depots, forty engines, five hundred freight and pass-
enger cars, many miles of railroad, thousands of cords of wood,
public buildings and large stores of military property, with a num-
ber of important bridges including the great Oconee bridge. On
several occasions it passed near large bodies of the enemy — once
attacking, routing, and chasing for miles the rear guard of a large
force which was marching to guard the Oconee bridge, which our
troops had just destroyed; and once they passed between Milledge-
ville and the rebel picket, not more than a half mile from the city,
and finally joined the main command August 1st, in time to share
the great disaster of the 3d. For this exploit the Major was
recommended for promotion by General Stoneman."
After the scattered fragments of the brigade of which the 14th
was a part were re-united, being dismounted and unarmed, they
were furnished with muskets, and sent to guard the Chattahoochee
River. On the 15th of September, the brigade was sent to Ken-
tucky to be remounted, which was effected at Louisville October
16th, still retaining its muskets. It was then sent to Pulaski, Ten-
nessee, arriving November 3d, and on the 18th marched to Waynes-
boro, to oppose Forrest. For three days the ground was contested
against overwhelming odds, our troops slowly retiring, and fighting
a severe battle below Mount Pleasant on the 23d. The 4th Corps,
under Schofield, was falling back, the cavalry brigade guarding the
rear and holding Forrest in check. On the 24th the rebels succeeded
in flanking the cavalry, who were driven in disorder, but the 4th
Corps came up on the double quick, and repulsed the enemy.
November 29th, the cavalry brigade was sent up the north bank
of Duck River, to prevent Forrest's crossing. Here it again nar-
rowly escaped capture, being at one time entirely surrounded by three
rebel divisions. Colonel Capron with a few companies cut his way
out. This movement was followed by a similar one by the 14th
regiment, under the lead of Captains Jenkins and Connelly, who
thus saved the brigade. The brigade then joined the cavalry corps,
and aided in checking the advance of the rebels. During the bat-
PATRIOTISM OF II.UNois.
tie of Franklin it was on the lit wing, in Bight of the town. Arriv-
ing at Nashville, the l fth turned over its remaining horsou to othi r
regiments, and in the battle at thai place a rved <>n foot, performing
importanl service. It then joined in the pursuit of Bragg' a retreat-
in-- forces, returning to Nashville, where it remained till April 1,
1865, when il was ordered to Pulaski; Here it remained until July
31st, when it was mustered out of service.
While the regiment was at Nashville, Colonel Capron and Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Jenkins resigned, and Major Davidson was promoted
to the Colonelcy, Major Quigg being appointed Lieutenant-ColoneL
Captains Dent, Connelly, Jenkins and Sanford received Majors' com-
missions.
The aggregate of all the marches by the regiment in force was
10,000 miles. This is exclusive of marches by detachments.
MAJOR WM. McCULLOUGH (FOURTH CAVALRY).
William McCullough was born in Kentucky, on the 11th of Septem-
ber, 1812. His father, Peter McCullough, removed with his family
to Illinois in the fall of 1826, and settled at Dug Grove, McLean
County. William married in 1833, at the age of twenty- one years,
and in February, 1840, lost his right arm while working a threshing
machine, and in August of that year removed to Bloomington. In
1841, he was elected to the office of Sheriff of McLean County, and
held the same for six years — an evidence of his popularity among
those who knew him best. In 1848, he was elected Clerk of the
Circuit Court, which office he held until August, 1861, when he
entered the army as Major of the 4th Illinois cavalry. In Septem-
ber, 1861, he was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel of that regiment.
Colonel McCullough had few equals as an officer. Brave to a
fault, his gallantry and kindly qualities of heart won for him the love
and esteem of all, both officers and men. His comrades in arms say
of him that he never experienced the sensation of fear. He lead his
regiment in the bold and daring pursuit of the enemy at Fort Henry,
thus early in the war placing himself upon the roll of brave, dashing
cavalry officers. The Colonel was always ready for duty, always
with his command, and best satisfied with the post of danger and
active duty.
PEPwSONAL SKETCHES. 669
Colonel McCullough passed, with his regiment, through the bat-
tles of Forts Henry and Donelson, Shiloh, the siege of Corinth,
falling at the head of his command, pierced by three bullets, each
inflicting a mortal wound, on the 5th day of December, 1862, at the
battle of Coffecville, Mississippi. This battle was continued until
after dusk, and the rebels succeeded in getting on the flanks of the
Federal forces. Coming upon Colonel McCullough, with their bay-
onets at his breast, demanded his surrender. Knowing that to do so
would sacrifice his command, with certain death staring him in the
face, the Colonel, with his eagle eye looking into the muzzles of the
rebel muskets, heroically replied, " Never," and instantly fell from
his horse a lifeless corpse. That was a rich sacrifice, sanctified by
acceptance, upon the altar of patriotism, when Colonel McCullough
yielded up his life for his country.
COLONEL JOHN M. SNYDER.
Colonel John M. Snyder was born in Morgan County, Illinois, on
the 11th of January, 1839. In September, 1861, he was appointed
Quartermaster of the 6th cavalry, :md served until July 1, 1862,
during this time serving as Brigade Quartermaster at Paducah, Ken-
tucky. On muster-out, he returned to Jacksonville, and volunteered
as a private in the 101st infantry, of which he was appointed Quar-
termaster. He remained in that position until the spring of 1863,
when, at the request of Governor Yates, he was directed to report
to him at Springfield. In March he was appointed Aide-de-Camp
to the Governor, witli the rank of M.ijor. In March, 1864, he was
promoted to Colonel, and has pince remained on ths staffs of Gover-
nors Yates and Oglesby. In June, 1864, he was sent by the
Governor to visit all United States hospitals where Illinois soldiers
might be found, and procure their transfer to hospitals in their own
State or to their homes on furlough. This duty he performed in an
able, prompt and efficient manner. Colonel Snyder assisted the
Governor in the arduous and important labors of organizing the regi-
ments and batteries sent to the field from Illinois, and for the faithful
and efficient manner in which he performed tliese duties he received
the warm thanks of Governor Yates, and won the gratitude of Illi-
nois soldiers, who were largely indebted to him for his efforts in their
behalf.
CHAPTER XL.
ARTILLERY COMPANIES.
Chicago Mercantile Battery — Artillery Duel at Champion's ITill — Battlk of
Sabink Cross Roads — Elgin Battery — Vaughn's Battery — Its Marches and
Campaigns — First Artillery — Battery D — Captain E. II. Cooper — Battery I —
Veteranizing — Battery K — Burnside's Tennessee Expedition — Battery M — The
Atlanta Campaign — Second Artillery — Battery F — Siiiloh — Battery II — Vet-
erans— Battery K — Its Services — Battery L — Battle of the IIatchie — Bat-
tery M — Harper's Ferry — Service in Tennessee.
CHICAGO MERCANTILE BATTERY.
THIS battery was raised by the efforts of the Mercantile Associa-
tion of Chicago, who paid large bounties to its members. It
was organized at Camp Douglas, and on the 25th of August, 1862,
mustered into the United States service, with the following roster:
Captain, Charles G. Cooley; Senior 1st Lieutenant, Frank C. Wilson; Junior 1st
Lieutenant, James II. Swan ; Senior 2d Lieutenant, David R. Crego; Junior 2d Lieu-
tenant, Frederick B. Bickford.
Shortly after the muster in, the battery started for the front, being
then 152 strong. It first went to Memphis, where it remained for a
short time, and then started, under Sherman, on the expedition
against Oxford, Mississippi. Having accomplished the object of the
expedition, which was to drive the rebels out of Oxford, it returned
to Memphis. Here it remained for a few weeks, and again started
out with Sherman on the first attack against Vicksburg. It remained
in the famous Yazoo swamps six days, took part in the battle of
Chickasaw Bayou, and departed from Vicksburg on New Year's Day,
CniUAGO MERCANTILE BATTLE. 671
18G3, one section of the battery covering the retreat of the array to
the boats on Yazoo River. Embarking in transports, it next proceeded
to Arkansas Post, and took an active part in the engagements of the
11th and 12th of January, which resulted in the surrender of that
place. It performed such gallant services on that occasion, that in
general orders it- was highly complimented by General Osterhaus,
and publicly thanked before the whole army. After this it went to
Young's Point, Louisiana, directly opposite Vicksburg, and there
remained until the following spring, and next went to Milliken's Bend,
from which place it started with Grant on his glorious Vicksburg
campaign. Crossing the Mississippi about sixty miles below Vicks-
burg, it engaged the enemy the same morning, May 1st, in the battle
of Magnolia Hills, where it fought furiously all day. Continuing
its march toward Vicksburg, it again met the rebels at Champion's
Hill, where it had a fearful artillery duel with two of its guns against
a rebel eight-gun battery at the short range of three hundred yards.
The fighting was very severe, and it lost heavily. On the following
day it had another engagement at Black River Bridge, after which
it crossed Black River and advanced against Vicksburg on the 19th
of May. On the 22d it made a fearful assault with two guns, which
it placed in position without the assistance of horses, within twenty-
five feet of the enemy's works, and in the face of a fearfully heavy
fire. It held its ground all day, and fought the rebels almost in their
very entrenchments, and did not retire until after night had set in.
For this and other acts it was specially mentioned by General McCler-
nand in his dispatches. It took part in the whole siege, and a few
hours after the surrender, on the 4th of July, it received orders to
start at once to meet Johnston, who was rapidly marching with a
large army to the relief of Vicksburg. It met him at Jackson, Mis-
sissippi, and besieged him for seven days in that place, from which
he succeeded in escaping, on the night of the 16th, by crossing the
river. It returned to Vicksburg, remained there in camp for a short
time, and then went to New Orleans. We next find it in Franklin's
expedition into Texas, but it had only gone a short distance when it
was ordered back to the Crescent City. In January, 1864, it was
ordered into Texas, and went as far as Du Croix, where it remained
until March. It had all along from the Jackson affair been attached
C>7'J PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
t i <I meral A J. Smith's divisi m of the 3d Army Corps, and from
this ii was transferred to General Ransom's division, and went with
it on Banks1 Red River expedition, On the 8th of April it had a
very s v sre fight a! Sabine Cross Roads, where it lost all its guns,
hi: i'ii' they w renotlosi dishonorably is evident from the fact that
all of the offic srs, excepting Lieutenant Roe, were lost — two being
killed, and two captured — while of the men, four wore killed, nine.
wounded, and eighteen captured. Being thus fearfully eut up, and
without guns, the battery was ordered back to New Orleans, where
it went into camp to recruit and procure new guns. This being done,
it again left New Orleans, on November 1st, with General Davidson,
and marched over three hundred miles to destroy the Mobile and
Ohio Railroad, but instead of doing so, went from Baton Rouge
to Pascagoula, where it remained for a short time, and again went
to New Orleans. Returning to Baton Rouge, it remained for a little
time, and back to New Orleans it again went, so that it saw enough
of the Civscent City. It remained there until June, 1805, when it
received the welcome order to L>ave for home. With as little delay
as possible it started, and arrived in Chicago July 3 1, where it
receive 1 a glorious reception from the Mercantile Association and
other friends.
While in the field it was recruited several times, and at muster
out numbered 130 men, of whom only thirty-five were originally
members of the company.
ELGIX BATTERY.
This battery was organized at Elgin, Kane County, and mustered
into service November 15, 1862, with the following roster:
Captain, George W. Renwiek ; Senior 1st Lieutenant, Andrew If. Wood; Junior
1st Lieutenant, Caleb Rich; Senior 2d Lieutenant, Lorin G. Jeffers ; Junior 2d
Lieutenant, Wald) W. Paine.
The battery left Chicago in November, 1062, and was for a time
engaged in chasing guerrillas in Kentucky. It formed a part of
Burnside's expedition to Tennessee, and was with the cavalry corps
in that campaign. It was near Colvin's battery (Battery K, 1st Ar-
tillery), and shared its honors until Sherman reached Savannah on
his great march. It was then ordered around to meet and join his
Vaughn's battery. 673
army there, and was under his command until it reached Washing-
ton, whence it was ordered home. It arrived in Chicago, July 11,
1865, for final muster and discharge.
VAUGHN'S BATTERY.
This battery was organized at Springfield, Illinois, and mustered
into the United States service August 21, 1862. The following is
the original roster:
Captain, Thomas F. Vaughn; Senior 1st Lieutenant, Edward B. Stillings; Junior
1st Lieutenant, Henry D. Colby; Senior 2d Lieutenant, Charles W. Thomas ; Junior
2d Lieutenant, Louis D. Rosette.
The battery was stationed at Camp Butler until November 1st,
when it was ordered to the field, arriving at Bolivar, Tennessee,
November 8th. December 18th, the right and left sections wero
ordered to Jackson, Tennessee, to join an expedition against Forrest.
After an absence of five days they returned to Bolivar. June 18,
1863, the battery left Bolivar, and was stationed by sections on the
line of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, one section at Moscow,
one at Collinsville and one at Germantown, with headquarters at
Germantown. On the 20th of August the battery was re-united,
and started for Little Rock, Arkansas, participating in its capture
September 10th. October 19th, one section went to Lewisburg,
Arkansas, where it remained until March 15, 1864, when it rejoined
the battery at Little Rock. The battery was engaged in General
Steele's expedition to Camden, Arkansas, participating in the seve-
ral skirmishes and battles of the expedition, doing most excellent
service, repelling a charge of cavalry at midnight with a few rounds
of cannister. It returned to Little Rock May 3d, where it remained
until ordered to Springfield for muster out of service, June 30, 1865.
BATTERY D, FIRST ARTILLERY.
This battery was organised by Captain E. McAllister, of Plain-
fieid, Illinois, and was among the first troops to go to the front. The
following is the original roster :
Capttin, Edward McAllister; Senior 1st Lieutenant, George J. Wood; Junior 1st
Lieutenant, Mathcw W. Boiland ; Senior 2d Lieutenant, Uzziel P. Smith ; J-uiior
2d Lieutenant, Edgar H. Cooper.
43
G74 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
Battery 1) was stationed at Cairo daring its three months' term <>f
service, under Colonel (now Major-Qeneral) Morgan, of the lOtli
Illinois infantry. At the expiration of that term, it was organized
by him as a three years' battery company, and made its first cam-
paign under General John A. McClernand. At the battle of Fort
Donelson, it was first to open the contest. It took a prominent part
in the battles of Pittsburg Landing and Shiloh, after whieh it was
transferred to General John A. Logan's division, 17th Army Corps.
About this time Captain McAllister resigned, in consequence of fail-
ing health. The battery was then commanded by Captain II. A.
Rogers during the campaign of General Grant down the Mississippi,
and back again to Memphis, then to Mill ikon's Bend, and round to
the rear of Vicksburg, during the battles of Raymond and Cham-
pion's Hill, and up to the 29th of May in the siege of Vicksburg,
when he was shot dead by a minnie ball.
Captain E. II. Cooper, formerly of Plainfield, Illinois, then com-
manded during the rest of the siege of Vicksburg, and in the winter
of 1863-4 the- battery was re-organized at Camp Fry, Chicago, as a
veteran battery. Returning to the scene of war, it left Vicksburg
on the 5th of April, 1864, on the campaign under Sherman through
Georgia, and was in at the final capture of Atlanta. On the 22d of
July, the day on which the brave and lamented MePherson fell, the
battery was handled, and behaved, Avith a coolness and bravery unsur-
passed in the history of this war. Captain Cooper, never left his
horse during the battle, and was everywhere where he was most
needed. The battery returned to Nashville, Tennessee ; was there
during the last battle, and then went to Clarksville, Tennessee, where
it remained until the order came for its muster out. Captain E. II.
Cooper was promoted to Major of the 1st regiment Illinois artillery,
February 21, 1865, and 1st Lieutenant G. P. Cunningham was pro-
moted to Captain. Major E. II. Cooper entered the service a mere
boy, as a private, without political influence, and arrived to the grade
he held by his own bravery, merit and patriotism. The battery
arrived in Chicago, July 20, 1865, for final muster and discharge.
The following is the final roster:
Captain, E. II. Cooper; Senior 1st Lieutenant, G. P. Cunningham; Junior 1st
Lieutenant, C. L. Pratt ; Senior 2d Lieutenant, R. B. Brockway ; Junior 2d Lieu-
BATTERY I, FIRST ARTILLERY. 675
tenant, H. C. Powers ; Quartermaster Sergeant, W. C. Muzzy ; Commissary Sergeant
H. Bigham ; Sergeants, J. H. Ocker, B. D. Washington, G. A. Potter, H. C. Stanley,
C. I. Cooper, 0. K. Willard.
BATTERY I, FIRST ARTILLERY.
Battery I, better known as Bouton's Chicago Battery, was organ-
ized in Chicago, in February, 1862, with the following roster:
Captain, Edward Bouton ; Senior 1st Lieutenant, Henry A. Rogers; Junior 1st
Lieutenant, Albert Cudney ; Senior 2d Lieutenant, William N. Lansing ; Junior 2d
Lieutenant, John C. Neely.
The battery was ordered first to St. Louis, and from there was
embarked upon transports, and taken to Pittsburg Landing, arriving
just in season to participate in the desperate battles of Shiloh, being
assigned to Sherman's division, which, as is well known, bore the
heaviest part in those fights. Next it was marched to Corinth, and
took a prominent part in that siege. When Beauregard evacu-
ated his position at Corinth, Battery I accompanied General Grant
on his Holly Springs campaign, and from that place was ordered
back, under General W. S. Smith, to Memphis, where, embarking
on steamers, it was transported to Haines' Bluff, just above Vicks-
burg, and then marched around in the rear of Vicksburg, when,
joining Sherman's army, it moved on Jackson, Mississippi, which
city was surrendered after a two weeks' siege. From Jackson,
Sherman's army moved back and went into camp on the banks of
the Big Black, and remained until the disaster at Chickamauga,
when it was transported to Memphis, and from thence made the
great march to Chattanooga, over 800 miles distant, arriving just in
time to assist in the capture of Mission Ridge. Shortly after this
battle, Battery I, about eighty men strong, re-enlisted and returned
to Chicago to recruit and recuperate.
In June, 1864, the battery, again filled to the maximum, started for
the field, reporting at Nashville, where the men were all mounted,
and the battery was assigned to Hatch's cavalry division. On the
15th and 16th of December, Hood made his desperate and foolhardy
assaults on our works at Nashville. During these assaults, Hatch's
cavalry and Battery I were posted on the extreme right, in front of
Hood's left, which was intrenched on a range of hills opposite our
C76 PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS,
works, and by a brilliant an<l daring movmcnt Hatch brought his
forces around on to the rebel flank and rear, where, posting liis
artillery, and under its protection, he made one of the most success-
ful charges of the war, resulting in the capture of four forts and
their equipments of artillery, in many instances the gallant rough
riders of Hatch turning the captured cannon on their late owners
nnd raking them most fearfully. Upon Hood's retreat, the cavalry
and Battery I took up the pursuit of the flying and demoralized reb-
el hosts, and chased them to Florence, Alabama, where they suc-
ceeded in crossing the Tennessee and making their escape. In this
pursuit our forces recaptured the guns taken from YVatcrhouse'.s
battery by Foirest at Guntown, Mississippi, during the disastrous
raid of Sturg'13.
The battery after this chase returned to Iuka, Mississippi, and
encamped till the 1st of July, 18(33, when it was ordered to Chicago
to be mustered out of the service.
Battery I never, during its four years' service, lost a gun or a
caisson. By casualties in action and sickness contracted while in
the line of duty, it lost in the aggregate 150 men. It was twice
recruited up to the maximum strength. It returned with 130 men
and five officers. The following is the final roster of the battery:
Captain, John E. Seeley; Senior 1st Lieutenant, Joseph A. McCartney; Junior
1st Lieutenant, E. S. Russell; Senior 2d Lieutenant, Stephen Bennett; Junior 2d
Lieutenant, Henry Part; Orderly Sergeant, Geo. W. Williams; Quartermaster
Sergeant, Josiah Hershner.
BATTERY K, FIRST ARTILLERY.
This battery — well known as " ColviiTs Battery" — was organized
at Shawneetown, and was mustered into service January 9, 18G2,
with the following roster:
Captain, Angrean Franklin; Senior 1st Lieutenant, Jason B. Smith; Junior 1st
Lieutenant, Joseph P. Shelton ; Senior 2d Lieutenant, William 0. Stephenson ;
Junior 2d Lieutenant, James G. Helm.
The first year of the service of this battery was spent in chasing
guerrillas through Kentucky, chiefly in and about Perryville. It was
then ordered to Louisville, and remained there to protect the city
until Burnside's Tennessee expedition was fitted out. Of that expe-
SECOND ARTILLERY. 677
(lition it formed a part, participating in all its arduous service in
connection with the 1st cavalry division of that army, to which it
had been attached. It was the first battery in East Tennessee, and
Avas foremost in the capture of Knoxville. During its service in
Tennessee, it was attached to the brigade of which the 14th Illinois
cavalry formed a part, and the history of which will be found in the
preceding chapter. A part of the men were mustered out of the
service at Springfield, in June, 1865, and the remainder at Chicago
in the month following.
BATTERY M, FIRST ARTILLERY.
Battery M was organized at Chicago, and mustered into service
on the l2th of August, 1862, with the following roster:
Captain. John B. Miller; Senior 1st Lieutenant, Geo. W. Spencer; Junior 1st
Lieutenant, John H. Colvin ; Senior 2d Lieutenant, Thomas Burton ; Junior 2d Lieu-
tenant, B. H. Flush cy.
The battery left Chicago, on the 27th of September, 1862, with
185 men. It went through all the Atlanta campaign under Sherman,
and through the whole of the Knoxville and East Tennessee cam-
paigns, with remarkably little loss when its gallantry and exposure
are taken into account. It arrived in Chicago on the 19th of Jul}',
1865, for final muster and discharge, with only ninety-six men. The
following is the muster-out roster:
Captain, G. W. Spencer; Senior 1st Lieutenant, Thomas Burton; Junior 1st
Lieutenant, B. II. Fluskey ; Senior 2d Lieutenant, W. J. Murphy ; Junior 2d Lieu-
tenant, E. C. Gillette.
SECOND ILLINOIS ARTILLERY.
In a previous chapter we have given the regimental staff of the
1st regiment of artillery. The following is that of the 2d:
Colonel, Thomas S Mather; Lieutenant-Colonel, William L. Duff; Major, Charles
J. Stolbrand ; Adjutant, Isaac N. Higgins; Quartermaster, John Pyatt; Surgeon,
Hezekiah Williams ; 1st Assistant Surgeon, Giles P.Ransom; Chaplain, William
M. Reynolds.
The history of an artillery regiment is necessarily a collection of
the records of its various companies, each of which has a separate
C7S PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.
history of its own. We give the records of the 2d regiment as far
ns they have hern obtainable.
BATTERY P, SECOND ARTILLERY.
This battery attained its maximum number December 11, 18G1,
at Cape Girardeau, Missouri, and was mustered into the United
States service on the same day. Its roster was as follows :
Captain, John W. Powell; Senior 1st Lieutenant, Michael Dittlin^cr; Junior 1st
Lieutenant, Christian D. Bless ; Senior 2d Lieutenant, Gustavus A. Tirmcnstein ;
Junior 2d Lieutenant, Joseph W. Mitchell.
By order of General Grant this battery took charge of Fort B,
nearly three months before the completion of the company. The
fort mounted six twenty-four-pounder siege guns. On the 1st day
of January, 1802, a portion of the Company was detailed by order
of Colonel L. F. Ross, commanding post at Cape Girardeau, Mis-
souri, to guard and command four twenty-four-pounder siege guns
at Fort A. On the 9th of February, by order of General Grant,
six six-pounder guns were transferred to the company, forming a
field battery. March 14th, it marched to Bird's Point, Missouri,
from thence to Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee. On the 2d of April,
by order of General Grant, the battery was assigned to General W.
II. L. Wallace, commanding a Brigade in the 6th Division, stationed
at Shiloh. On the morning of April Oth it was ordered to form in
line of battle on the left. In obedience to orders it marched and
engaged the enemy at about two miles from the Tennessee River.
The battle raged fiercely all day. The battery fired its last shot about
six o'clock P. M., having lost twenty -seven horses and two guns.
On the 14th of April, 1862, it took up the line of march for Corinth,
Mississippi. One section of the battery was engaged in the battle
of Corinth, Mississippi, October 3 and 4, 1862. Section No. 2 at that
date was at Bolivar, Tennessee. The battery was at the siege of
Vicksburg. It engaged in a scout from Natchez, Mississippi, to
Liberty, Louisiana, and in General Sherman's Meridian raid. One sec-
tion was engaged in the fight on the Hatchie. The battery moved
from Vicksburg to Cairo by boat, thence to Clifton, Tennessee, and
marched from Clifton to Allatoona and Kenesaw Mountain. It en-
gaged in the fight at Kenesaw Mountain, and in the fight of the 22d
BATTERY H, SECOND ARTILLERY. 679
of July, 1864, before Atlanta, where it lost one Lieutenant and 32
men killed and missing. It passed through the siege of Atlanta,
and marched to Jonesboro. It was in the fight of Jonesboro and
afterwards returned to Atlanta. It followed in pursuit of Hood after
his re-crossing the Chattahoochee. It served in the battle at Nash-
ville, Tennessee.
The battery served in the 4th Division, 17th Army Corps, Depart*
ment of the Tennessee, from the organization of the division. On
the 9th of July, 1865, it was ordered to Springfield, Illinois, where
it was mustered out July 27.
BATTERY H, SECOND ARTILLERY.
This battery was organized during the months of November and
December, 1861, and January, 1862. Its roster was as follows:
Captain, Andrew Stenbeck; Senior 1st Lientenant, Edwin H. Smith; Junior 1st
Lieutenant, Henry C. Whittemore ; Senior 2d Lieutenant, Horatio N. Towner ;
Junior 2d Lieutenant, Jonas Eckdall.
On the 6th of February, 1862, the battery moved to Cairo, Illi-
nois, and was stationed opposite Cairo, near Fort Holt. February
9th, one section of the battery moved to Fort Donelson. It returned
after the surrender of the place. It moved to Columbus, Ken-
tucky, on the day succeeding the evacuation of that place by the
enemy. One section moved to the siege of Fort Pillow, under
Brigadier-General Quimby, returning to Columbus, Kentucky. One
section was sent to Henderson, Kentucky, and went in pursuit
of Morgan's cavalry, returning to Columbus. August 18th, one sec-
tion marched to Smithland, Kentucky. August 30th, the remaining
section moved to Fort Heiman, Kentucky. September 4th, one
section was sent to Clarksville, Tennessee, returning to Fort Hie-
man, December 20th. One section moved in pursuit of Forrest,
near "Parker's Cross Roads," Tennessee. March 8, 1863, the bat-
tery moved to Fort Donelson. On the 26th of August, it was sent
to CUrksville, Tennessee. January 1, 1864, sixty-five men re-cn-
listcd as veterans, and on the 5ih of March received furloughs for
thirty days. April 9th, the battery returned to Clarksville,
Tennessee. During the summer of 1864, the men were mounted
and armed as cavalry, and were occupied in scouting and
C80 PATRIOTISM Of ILLINOIS.
repairing telegraph wires between the Cumberland and Tenn<
Rivers and on the Edgefield and Kentucky Railroad. On the 8th
of August^ it engaged the enemy under Qeneral Adam Johnson, at
Canton and Rock Castle Ford, Kentucky. Subsequently it was in
garrison at Clarksville, Tennessee. July 16, 1805, under the pro-
visions of General Order No. 155 from the War Department, the bat-
tery was sent to Springfield, Illinois, for muster out.
BATTERY K, SECOND ARTILLERY.
This battery was organized at Camp Butler, December 31, 1801,
with the following roster :
Captain, Benjamin F. Rodgers ; Senior 1st Lieutenant, Francis M. Rosa ; Junior
1st Lieutenant, Abel S. Gale ; Senior 2d Lieutenant, Wesley Pratt ; Junior 2d Lieu-
tenant, John Pyatt.
The battery moved to Cairo, thence to Columbus, Kentucky, in
the month of March, 1802. It remained at Columbus during the
bombardment of Island No. 10. One section was sent to Fort Pil-
low during the bombardment of that place, in June, 1802. After
the fall of Fort Pillow, the battery was ordered to Memphis, where
it remained until August, and then was ordered back to Columbus.
In the month of October it accompanied an expedition under com-
mand of Captain Rodgers from New Madrid, Missouri, to Clarkston,
Missouri, which was surprised and destroyed, being occupied at the
time by about three hundred rebels under Colonel Clarke, of guerrilla
notoriety. In November the battery was ordered to Memphis,
where it was assigned to the 4th Division of the 10th Army Corps,
with which it marched, November 20th, from Memphis to join Grant's
army, then moving south from Lagrange. It proceeded as far south
as Yocna, Mississippi, when the division moved north to the Mem-
phis and Charleston Railroad, where it remained doing guard duty
until February, 1803, when it was ordered to Memphis. The bat-
tery left Memphis for Vicksburg, May 14th. One section accom-
panied a cavalry expedition from Haines1 Bluff to Yazoo City, and
met the enemy at Mechanicsburg, Mississippi, where, after a severe
engagement of a few minutes, our forces were compelled to retire,
and returned to Vicksburg. After the fall of Vieksburg it proceeded
to Jackson, Mississippi, and after the evacuation of that place returned
bolton's battery. 681
again to Vicksburg. August 20th it moved to Natchez, Mississippi,
where it remained until October, 1SG4, when it was ordered to report
at Vicksburg, where it arrived earl f in November, and was mounted
as horse artillery, and accompanied a cavalry expedition to Yazoo
City. It returned to Vicksburg after destroying a vast amount of
rebel property. It arrived at Memphis, December 1 1 th, and remained
there till July 0, 1865, when it was ordered to Chicago to be dis-
charged, arriving July 11th, and was mustered out of the United
States service July 14, 1865.
BATTERY L, SECOND ILLINOIS ARTILLERY.
This battery — originally known as " Bolton's Battery " — was or-
ganized at Chicago, and mustered into the service February 28, 1862,
with the following roster :
Captain, William H.. Bolton ; Senior 1st Lieutenant, Jabez H. Moore; Junior 1st
Lieutenant, Edward A. James ; Senior 2d Lieutenant, Simon P. Tracy ; Junior 2d
Lieutenant, Julius D. Roberts.
The battery left Chicago in March, 1862, and went to Benton
Barracks, St. Louis. From there it took the field at Shiloh, on the
9th of April, 1862, and participated in the siege of Corinth, in Gen-
eral S. A. Hurlbut's division, and after the evacuation of that place,
marched to Memphis with Sherman's command, the 4th and 5th
divisions, and was at the occupying of that city by the United States
forces in August, 1862; was engaged at Noncomo Creek, in Octo-
ber following, and was selected to make the attack by Major- Gene-
ral Hurlbut at the battle of the Hatchie, where it captured a stand
of rebel colors, which was given to the city of Chicago. It marched
with Grant in Logan's division, on his campaign through Mississippi,
by way of the Tallahatchie and Water Valley, in December, 1862.
When Holly Springs was destroyed by the enemy, it again returned
to Memphis, and accompanied Grant's army to Lake Providence,
Louisiana, and Milliken's Bend. It crossed the Mississippi, and was
engaged in the campaigns around and against Vicksburg ; it com-
menced with the siege, and was forty-seven days in the trenches.
After the fall of Vicksburg, it again commenced the campaign in
Louisiana, under Brigadier-General Leggett, and marched after
General McCullough to Monroe, from where it returned to Vicks-
CS2 patriotism "!•■ Illinois.
burg. The old gnna being worn out, Major-General McPheraon
supplied it with aew armament, and everything new and complete.
In June, 1804, it fought under #[cArthur :it Benton and Gleeaon-
vilh-, and in July under Major-General Slocom at Clinton and Jack-
son, Mississippi, which ended its active operations in the field.
From that time until its master out, about the 1st of August, 1*05,
it was assigned to the defences of Vicksburg. It was then sent to
Chicago for payment and final discharge. At that time its offieers
— all from the ranks — were as follows :
Captain, Tliaddeus C. Hulaniski ; Senior 1st Lieutenant, Daniel II. Pierce ; Junior
1st Lieutenant, George C. Wise; Senior 2d Lieutenant, Levi B. Wi^litinan ; Junior
2d Lieutenant, James Cunningham ; 1st Sergeant, John Ilivne ; Quartermaster's Ser-
geant, Charles F. Smale.
At the date of leaving the service, it mustered 130 men, of over
450 who had been on its rolls from its organization.
BATTERY M, SECOND ARTILLERY.
This battery was mustered into the service at Camp Butler, Juno
0, 1862. The following is the original roster :
Captain, John C. Phillips; Senior 1st Lieutenant, Edward G. Hillier; Junior 1st
Lieutenant, George W. Reed ; Senior 2d Lieutenant, W. C. G. L. Stevenson.
Battery M left for the field July 10, 1862, and arrived at Camp
Wool, Martinsburg, Virginia, on the 2 1th. August 2 tth, two sec-
tions, under Captain Phillips, supported by two companies of the
12th Illinois cavalry, were ordered to Darkesville, where Ashby'fl
(rebel) cavalry were stationed, and routed them. On the 12th of
September the battery was ordered to Harper's Ferry, and was
present in the fight which resulted in the surrender of that place by
Colonel Miles. The men were paroled and sent to Camp Douglas,
Chicago, where the battery was refitted.
On the 12th of May, 1803, the battery was ordered to report to
General Burnside at Cincinnati, and joined in his expedition into
East Tennessee. It engaged the enemy at Cumberland Gap, Blue
Springs. Baytown, Lick Creek Bridge, Carter Station, Zollicofler,
Blountville and Rogersville. At the latter place, on the Gth of
November, it was surprised by three rebel brigades, and fought with-
out support for three hours, when a retreat was ordered. The guns
Phillip's battery. 683
were disabled and abandoned, and the men retired to Morristown.
After the siege of Knoxville, the battery was ordered to recross the
Cumberland Mountains and report at Camp Nelson. It was after-
ward engaged in various duties in Kentucky and Tennessee, until
April 25, 1865, when it was mustered out.
Battery M achieved an enviable reputation for skill and gallantry,
and received the praise of its commanding Generals. General
Burnside was accustomed to speak of the men as "those boys who
went through the knot-holes of Kentucky."
CHAPTER XLI.
LOSSES OF ILLINOIS TROOrS.
Complete Numerical List oe Casualties by Regiments in Artillery, Cavalry and
Infantry — Total Numuer of Deaths Twenty-eight Thousand Eight Hu.ndked and
Forty-two.
THE Bureau of the Provost Marshal General in Washington has
been busily engaged since the close of the rebellion in collating
the vast statistics and other materials of immeasurable historic and sci-
entific value, gathered under its auspices in the various loyal States
during the progress of the war, with a view to its preservation in
some permanent form for future instruction and guidance. With its
net-work of organization, extending into every part of the country,
no branch of the Government enjoyed greater facilities for collect-
ing accurately such facts and figures pertaining to the history of the
■war as relate to its operations, and as are worth preserving.
Under the orders of Provost Marshal General Fry the Assistant
Provost Marshals General in the several States, have succeeded in
compiling complete and conect tables of the casualties from the
beginning to the close of the war in all the organizations of all the
States represented in the loyal armies. The subjoined table, show-
ing the casualties in every regiment of cavalry and infantry, and
every battery of artillery raised in Illinois tor the war, from April,
1861, to April, 18G5, was prepared under the direction of Brevet
Brigadier- General Oakcs, U. S. A., Assistant Provost Marshal Gen-
eral for Illinois, from the records of the Adjutant General's Office
in Springfield, and afterward corrected from the rolls in the Adjut-
ant General'* Office in Washington. It is as nearly complete and
correct as it can be made.
ROLL OF KILLED AND WOUNDED. G85
A variety of highly interesting and instructive facts can be de-
duced from the table. As is known, Illinois furnished for the 'war,
under all the calls, two hundred and fifty-eight thousand, two hundred
and seventeen men, the numbers reduced to a three years' stand-
ard, two hundred and twelve thousand six hundred and ninety-four
men. Of these, as shown below, twenty-eight thousand six hundred
and forty-two were killed in battle or died of wounds and disease
while in service, amounting to more than seven per cent.
The total casualties in the cavalry and artillery were comparatively
much greater than in the infantry. In the cavalry they were nearly
twenty ; in the artillery about the same proportion ; while in the
infantry, only about fifteen per cent.
In the cavalry the proportion of deaths in battle and of wounds
to deaths from disease, was nearly as one to seven ; in the artillery,
as one to four, and in the infantry, as one to two. This proves that
the cavalry was much more exposed to hardships than the other
arms. In the cavalry, the proportion of the killed outright to the
wounded is about as two to one ; in the artillery, as three to one ;
in the infantry, as two to one. Of the killed in battle, there was in
the cavalry one officer to every sixteen enlisted men ; in the artillery
one to every seventeen, and in the infantry, one to every fourteen.
Of those died of wounds, there was in the cavalry one officer to
every thirty-five enlisted men ; in the artillery, one to every twenty-
one, and in the infantry, one to every twenty-three. Of those died
of disease, there was in the cavalry one officer to every fifty-three
enlisted men ; in the artillery, one to every seventy-one, and in the
infantry, one to every fifty-three. The relatively smaller number of
deaths of officers by disease than in battle and by wounds, shows
the effect of the greater physical comfort they enjoyed than the rank
and file. In the cavalry, the 7th and 8th regiments lost the greatest
number killed in action; the 12th and 18th the greatest number
died of wounds, and the 5th and 13th the greatest number died of
disease.
Of the artillery, the 1st regiment lost the greatest number killed
in action and died of wounds : the 2d, the greatest number died of
disease.
Of the infantry, the 9th and 36th regiments lost the greatest num.-
CSfl
rATKIoilSM OF ILLINOIS.
ber killed outright; the 88th and :ioth the greatest Dumber died of
wounds, and the 40ih and KHst the greatest Dumber of deaths from
disease.
Tin- largest total of deaths in the cavalry was in the 13th regiment,
( 370 ) ; in the artillery, the 1st, ( 292 ), and in the infantry, the 1 1th,
(425).
The following is a detailed table of the losses in the infantry,
cavalry and artillery, by regiments :
nogiment.
2
3
4
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Total 25
1 4
2 2
Board of Trade Battery
Mercantile Battery 1
Ilciishaw'a Battery
Cogwcll's Battery
Vaughn's Battery
Elgin Battery
Total 7
CAVALRY.
Killed.
Offloers. Men.
Died of Wounds.
OfficeiB. Men.
Died of Disease.
Officers. Men.
Aggregate.
5
33
16
5
134
193
39
8
9
204
260
1
20
12
1
149
192
19
11
6
368
403
6
16
1
7
6
131
166
2
51
2
17
2
235
809
4
49
3
18
1
125
200
1
27
18
6
161
213
1
12
6
3
215
234
3
29
4
6
153
205
36
17
2
119
174
23
15
4
334
376
19
1
4
130
174
1
3
5
1
123
133
2
13
9
2
220
216
8
••
5
1
80
94
407 7
ARTILLERY.
67 1
34
5
1 1
3
9
174 64 2,886 3,653
22
2
196
292
8
5
229
278
6
4
15
2
10
15 ■
2
11
16
1
16
26
1
21
22
12
12
119
42
499
676
TABLE OF LOSSES.
687
Regiment.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32
33.
34.
35.
36
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
60.
INFANTRY.
Killed.
Officers. Men .
Died of Wounds.
Officers. Men.
Died of Disease
Officers. Men.
Aggregate.
8
65
2
144
220
5
104
50
97
256
4
127
53
1
125
310
1
22
13
1
114
151
6
109
46
263
425
3
86
32
5
71
198
5
31
9
2
119
166
43
17
1
83
144
5
40
32
4
102
179
2
36
4
1
39
83
42
30
3
63
139
4
62
19
9
172
267
3
66
19
1
41
133
6
80
44
1
152
282
3
63
32
3
96
199
76
54
3
75
208
4
33
31
2
S3
103
1
43
26
2
63
134
3
37
33
149
222
2
54
19
2
134
211
7
66
39
1
83
197
6
43
43
4
125
222
5
39
8
2
202
256
9
67
17
3
163
250
3
97
4
37
5
220
366
7
56
25
3
170
258
1
43
1
15
1
182
243
7
47
2
42
3
80
281
6
59
3
22
6
147
243
5
128
4
66
167
310
2
39
2
31
4
120
198
5
5
2
11
4
97
124
6
67
2
61
6
111
253
2
27
4
21
3
338
395
7
55
36
3
98
199
8
32
3
32
7
140
222
2
50
1
17
7
145
222
1
49
3
56
2
141
252
6
30
1
18
4
102
161
6
38
1
41
3
222
311
5
32
20
2
129
188
8
68
13
3
225
317
3
51
3
26
5
159
247
1
36
16
102
155
688 PJLTBI0TI8M OF ILLINOIS
Hnglmrnt.
51.
62.
6.1.
64.
5.'..
56.
r.7.
58.
59.
60.
CI.
62.
C3
64.
05
66.
67.
68.
69
72.
73.
74.
75.
70.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
85.
87.
88
89.
90.
91
92.
93.
91.
95.
96.
97.
98.
Ktlle
Oilier*.
1
Men.
Oflicri
Wood da.
. .Men.
Pled of niiwiM*
Ofllccrn. Ilea,
A^rfgnU.
9
CI
28
1
103
20%
2
c
2
*2
42
4
49
o
32
4
110
201
1
G
1
1
75
84
6
44
10
8
84
1 33
2
15
C
4
181
164
4
41
1
21
2
81
153
6
52
2
8
3
131
197
3
53
1
23
4
90
183
2
32
40
8
107
244
3
17
7
4
182
213
1
1
8
247
257
7
4
8
120
124
62
32
2
107
228
14
1
10
39
64
3
45
3
22
••
123
14
20
1
201
14
27
1
6
59
2
19
2
125
213
3
48
1
48
121
221
5
40
1
29
2
100
183
3
53
35
4
36
127
36
1
15
2
108
217
1
42
1
30
1
144
220
6
65
3
32
102
1!I7
3
45
31
1
187
2 70
2
31
3
10
147
200
4
30
4
14
2
203
327
1
66
20
3
50
130
2
27
1
7
1
80
118
2
58
2
57
1
120
245
4
57
1
27
1
128
217
1
51
20
2
90
104
9
1
5
. 3
201
219
4
52
1
38
2
79
176
9
64
3
47
1
142
266
1
30
1
20
1
73
127
7
4
2
122
135
35
1
15
2
110
163
2
36
62
1
115
206
6
1
6
3
151
167
4
47
3
28
1
170
259
1
72
4
35
1
100
210
2
21
1
19
2
100
209
2
18
16
3
132
171
TABLE OF LOSSES.
689
Keg Lm uiit.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
10*7.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117
118.
119.
120.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
Ic6.
137.
1SS.
1S9.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
Killed
Officers.
Men.
Died of Wounds. Died of Dbease.
Officers. Men. Officers. Men.
Aggregate-
3
24
18
2
115
162
3
62
3
17
126
211
2
18
29
2
106
157
27
23
70
120
6
61
18
1
134
222
3
72
3
27
72
179
2
22
27
114
165
2
2
7
171
182
2
12
1
14
118
147
1
8
3
201
214
1
2
94
97
1
2
6
2
47
58
5
39
1
34
2
155
236
2
62
2
22
1
125
214
15
1
8
4
226
251
2
25
14
4
142
487
4
34
1
19
3
134
195
5
24
2
23
6
206
266
6
7
3
104
119
3
15
10
10
1
169
198
1
6
9
3
124
143
2
9
2
2
235
250
2
28
11
111
152
3
50
27
116
196
1
20
19
2
130
172
1
53
24
3
102
189
7
4
183
194
1
23
12
1
157
195
15
34
1
46
96
33
20
1
106
160
20
6
3
38
70
7
2
L5
296
12
320
12
1
1
11
22
12
23
1
1
.
15
17
2
2
37
41
9
8
2
16
36
••
••
•
11
15
11
15
2
2
20
24
. .
. .
.
20
20
. .
. .
.
29
29
. .
. .
.
49
49
1
. ,
.
65
66
44
I'M RI01 ISM OF ILLINOIS.
-
Kill.-. I
I
I I B .
1 (6.
147.
Its.
1 19.
I. ML
151.
162.
188.
154.
155.
156.
157.
i' i .f Wound!.
n Bin.
• Dlwiuie.
Me
Agnrctfatr.
M
•2 7
71
:.l
41
1-1
60
26
Total.
362 4,937 117 2,709 303 16,185 24,613
SUMMAILV.
Cavalry 25 407 7 174 54 2,886 3,553
Artillery 7 119 2 42 7 499 676
Infantry 362 4,937 117 2,7<>9 303 16,185 24,613
Totid.
894
5,463 126 2.9J5 364 19,570 28,842
Note. — Just as the last forms of this volume were passing through
the press, we received the following note which explain! itself.
"Louisville, KKSTurKV, January 10, 1867.
"Colonel A. B. Moorf, Ottawa, III.:
"Colonel, — I received your letter of the 3d inst., and after a careful examination of
the official report of other officers, who participated in the battle of IIart<ville,
Tennessee, I am enabled to state that all concur in testifying to your personal bravery,
as well as to the gallantry of your own regiment, the 104th Illinois. Colonel John
Harlan, 10th Kentucky, who arrived with his own and 10th Indiana regiment, very
soon after the enemy had recrossed the Cumberland River, mentions in his report,
that a large majority of the killed and wounded of your command belonged to the
104th Illinois, which is conclusive evidence of the steadiness and bravery of your
own regiment and of yourself personally.
" I am, Colonel, very respectfully your obedient servant,
"Geo. H. Thomas, Major-General, U. S. A."
INDEX.
ADJUTANT GENERAL OF ILLINOIS
•—Department of, A. C. Fuller, ap-
pointed, I, 78; report on want of
Arms, 90, 97 ; report adverse to poli-
cy of War Department, 108 ; reports
quotas under calls for 600,000, filled
in 13 days, 125; report of February 1,
1864, concerning the filling of quotas
for Illinois, 136 ; office of, 602 ; ton-
cerning expenses of, 605.
ALABAMA— Secedes, I, 50.
ALEXANDRIA,' LA.— Fleet rescued by
dams at, II, 117.
ALLATOONA PASS— Operations near,
II, 171 ; attacked by rebels, 204.
ANDERSON, GEN. ROBERT — Occu-
pies Fort Sumter, I, 42; surrenders*
72 ; Is made a Brig. Gen., and given
command in Ky., 209; succeeded by
W. T. Sherman, 210.
ANDERSON, COL. WM. B.— Sketch of,
I, 412.
ANDERSONVILLE, GA.— Prison at.II,
298 ; list of Illinois soldiers who died
at, 299-315.
ANDRESS. LIEUT. COL. CHAS. A.—
Sketch of, II, 644.
APLINGTON, MA J. ZEN AS— Sketch of,
II, 626.
APPOMATTOX C. H., VA.— Surrender
of Lee's army at, II. 437, 439.
ARKANSAS POST-Expedition against,
I, 445 ; capture of, 448.
ARNOLD, HON. J. N— Address to 8th
Cavalry, I, 523 ; remarks on death of
Col. Bross, 598.
ARSENAL AT ST. LOUIS— Removal of
arms from, 1, 103.
ASSASSINATION-The, of President
Lincoln, II, 22; effect on the country,
25; capture and punishment of the
conspirators, 41.
ATKINS, GEN. SMITH D.-Sketch of,
II, 375.
ATLANTA, GA.— Invested by Sher-
man, II, 180; position of, 181 ; Its stra-
tegic importance, 193; evacuated by
Hood, 202; burned by Sherman, 269.
AVERYSBORO, N. C— Action near, II,
368.
BAILEY, GEN. JOSEPH-Saves fleet at
Alexandria by dams, 11,117.
BAILHACHE, LT. ARTHUR L.-Sketch
of, II, 61.
BAKER, COL. E. D— Debate in U. S.
Senate with Benjamin, I, 35.
BALTIMORE— Attack upon Mass.troops
at, I, 79.
BANKS, GEN. N. P.— Attacks Sabine
Pass, II, 113; moves up the Red Riv-
er, 114; disaster near Mansfield,
115; at Pleasant Hill, 116; his fleet
rescued by dams at Alexandria, 117.
BATES, HON. EDWARD — Appointed
Attorney General, I, 72.
BATTLES OF—
Wilson's Creek, Aug. 1, 1861, 1, 160.
Belmont, Nov. 7, 1861, 1, 182.
Fort Henry, Feb. 2, 1862, 1, 193.
Fort Donelson, Feb, 15. 1862, 1, 198.
Pea Ridge, March 7, 1862, I, 223.
Pittsburg Landing, April 6, 1862,1, 240.
Iuka, Sept. 19, 1862, 1, 289.
Perryville, Oct. 8, 1862, I, 345.
Stone River, Jan. 1, 1863, 1, 353.
Chickasaw Bayou, Dec 28, 1862, 1,441.
691
[NDEX.
Arkansas Port, Jan 11, 1868, i. M8
Port Gibson, May i. 1888, i. I •'■
Champion Hills, Maj 16,
1: ■ Blaok, Mn 17, 1868, I. I'll.
Vicksburg, July i. 1868, I, iti.
ChanoeUorsvlUe, April 81, L868, i. 510,
Gettysburg, July I, 1868, [,648.
Wilderness, May ■>, 1884, I. 546
Ohickamauga, Bept 20, 1888, ii, 18.
Lookoat Mt . Nov., 1868, II, 108.
l: i. a. May I I, ls.il, II, 109.
Peach Tree Creek, Julj 18, 1864, [1,181.
Chattahoochee, July 22, 1864, n, m:.
Franklin, Oot. 24, 1864, II, 208.
Bentonville, March 21, L865, II, -152.
] 1 1 : A IK 1 ( ; ARD, GEN. P. G. T.-Report
of battle at Pittsburg Landing, I, 243,
844, 249; evacuates Corinth, 287; his
address to the people of Georgia, II,
272; defective strategy in the Caro-
linas, 164.
BELMONT, MO.— Battle of, I, 182; "lli-
elal report of, 184.
BENNETT, COL. JOHN E.-Sketch of, I,
405.
BENTONVILLE, N. C— Battle of, 11,452,
BE VKRIDGE, GEN. JNO. L.— Sketch o f,
11,566.
BIG BLACK, THE— Battle of, I, 464.
BIG MUDDY BRIDGE — Protected by-
Ill, troops, I, 99. „
BIRGIiTS SHARPSHOOTERS — Sketch
of, II, 65.
BLAIR, HON. MONTGOMERY — Ap-
pointed P.M. Gen., 1,72.
BOLIVAR, TENN.— Action at,"I, 342.
BOOTH, JOHN WILKES.— Murder of
President Lincoln, II, 22; death, 41.
BOSWORTH, LT. COL. AMOS.-Sketch
of, I, 889
BOWERS, COL. THEODORE S.— Sketch
Of, II, 509.
BOWLING GREEN, KY.— Occupied by
Gen. Mitchell, I, 211.
BRAGG, GEN. BRAXTON.— At Corinth,
I, 287; moves upon Chattanooga, 341 ;
at Perry ville, ?45; moves toward
Cumberland Gap, 349; manoeuvred
out of Chattanooga, 11,44; reinforced
by Longstreet, 46; beaten at Chicka-
mauga, 49; loss at, 50; intends to
bombaid Chattanooga, 107 ; defeated
at Mission Ridge, 110; retreats to
Dalton, 111.
BRAYMAN, GEN MASON. Bketoh of;
I, 2T0j order al Bolh ar, 8T1 ; In com
mand al Natchez, 1 1 .
BRIDGEPORT, \i.\. aotion .-.i.
BRISTOL, COL. MB am w. Bketoh ..r,
I. 0
BRONSON, GEN. STEPHEN. Bketoh
of, 1 1. 104
BROSS, COL, JNO. A -Sketch ->f, 1,689;
reply to ( ten. ( lasey, MA ; Call al « !em-
etery 11111,593; resolutions of Chica-
go Bar, 695; letter oi Surgeon McKay,
■ remarks ol Mr. Bei I i
Mr. si. \ enson, 597 : ol Mr. Arnold,
698.
BUFORD,GKN\.HMIN.--SnrprN. « rebels
at Union Cltj . i bOh Ot 587.
UP I- 1 illl >,(iF.N. NAPOLEON B.-Sketch
Of, II, 55.
BUCHANAN, JAMES. Weakness in
time of rebellion, I, 40; dare not en-
force authority >.t the government,
42; refuses t<> garrison U. B. forts, 45;
term of office expires. ■•-■
BUCKNER, COL. ALLEN— At Rocky
Face, II, 572.
BUCKNER, GEN. 8. B.— Taken at Donel-
son, I, 200; fails In an expedition
against Louisville, 209; at Chloka-
mauga, II, 47 ;
BUELL, GEN. DON CARLOS.— Assumes
command of Dep't. of the Ohio, I,
211; leaves Nash villi', 243; at Pitts-
bnrg Landing, 24s; leaves Corinth,
288; follows Bragg through Tenn.,
342; moves from Louisville, 84£ ; bat-
tle at Perry ville, 345; superseded by
Rosecrans, 349.
BURNSIDE, GEN. A. E. — His "Order
No. Eight ;" relieved by President, I,
540; moves towards Knoxville, 11,41;
besieged there, 50, 105.
BUTLER, GEN. B. F.— Letter to Colonel
Shaffer, II, 855.
CAIRO.— Its strategic value, I, 98; oc-
cupation of, 99, 100 ; stoppage of trade
at, 102.
CALLS FOR MEN BY PRESIDENT.—
For 75,000, I, 76 ; for 42,032, 103 ; for
300,000, 120; for 300,000 militia, 120.
CAMERON, COL. DANIEL.— Sketch of,
I, 5e6.
CAMERON, HON. SIMON— Appointed
Sec. of War, I, 72; reports want of
INDEX.
693
material of war, 95 ; declines offers
of cavalry, 107.
CARLIN, GEN. WM. P.— Sketch of, II,
60 ; order on death of Lt. Bailhaehe.,
62.
CARR, GEN. EUGENE A.— Sketch of,
I, 233; at Port Gibson, 456; at the
Big Black, 464.
CATAWBA RIVER.— Crossed by Sher-
man's army, II, 363.
CHAMPION HILLS.— Battle of, I, 463.
CHAMPION, GEN. THOMAS E.-Sketch
of, II, 75.
CHANCELLORSVILLE.— Battle of, I,
540.
CHANDLER, LT. COL.-Gallant conduct
at Stone River, I, 360.
CHANDLER, LT. COL. GEO. W.— Sketch
of, II, 350.
CHAPLIN'S HILLS.-Battle of, I, 345.
CHARLESTON, S. C— Evacuated by
Hardee, II, 360.
CHARLESTON, MO.— Capture of, 1, 170;
CHASE, HON. S. P.— Appointed Sec. of
Treas., I, 72; orders stoppage of con-
traband goods at Cairo, 102 ;
CHATTAHOOCHEE.— Battle of, II, 197.
CHATTANOOGA — Attacked by Gen
Negley, I, 338; attacked by Rose-
crans, II, 44; Thomas retires to, 49;
arrival of Grant at, 106 ; Bragg gives
notice of bombardment, 107.
CHERAW, S. C— Entered by Sherman's
army, II, 364.
CHETLAIN, GEN. A. L.— Sketch of, II,
508.
CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE BAT-
TERY—Sketch of, II, 100.
CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE REGI-
MENTS—
First, (72d,) sketch of, II, 316.
Second, (88th,) sketch of, 11,71.
Third, (113th,) sketch of, II, 401.
CHICAGO CONSPIRACY, THE, II, 513.
CHICAGO SANITARY FAIR, THE, II,
540.
CHICKAMAUGA— Battle of, II, 43-52,
Union loss at, 49 ; Illinois regiments
at, 51 ; situation of affairs after, 103.
CHICKASAW BAYOU— Battle of, I, 440.
CINCINNATI COMMERCIAL— Account
of Battle of Peach Tree Creek, II, 181
CLARK, LT. COL. ISAAC L.-Sketch of,
1,75.
COATSWORTH, SURGEON GEORGE—
Sketch of, II, 577.
COFFEEVILLE— Action near, I, 420.
COLFAX, HON. SCHUYLER— His in-
terview with Fremont, I, 166.
COLUMBIA, S. C— Entered by Sherman,
burned by Wade Hampton, II, 361.
COLUMBUS, KY. — Occupied by Gen.
Polk, 1, 191 ; evacuated, 216.
COMMISSION, CHRISTIAN— Referred
to, I, 151 ; at Chickamauga, II, 52.
COMMISSION, FREEDMEN'S AID —
Referred to, 1, 151.
COMMISSION, SANITARY - Referred
to, 151; at Pittsburg Landing, 252;
at Chickamauga, II, 52.
COOK, GEN. JOHN— Sketch of, II, S6.
COSPER, MAJ. ELIAS— Sketch of, I, 401.
CORINTH, MISS.— Rebels concentrating
near, I, 222; location, 241 ; reconnois-
sances towards, 284; Union troops
enter, 287.
CORSE, GEN. JNO. M.— At Allatoona,
II, 205-6.
CRAB ORCHARD— Skirmish at, I, 349.
CREBS, COL. JOHN,, M.— Sketch of, II,
654.
CURTIS, GEN. S. R— Commands in
Southwest Missouri, I, 222; at Battle
of Pea Ridge, 223.
DALLAS, GA.— Battle at, II, 171.
DAVIS, GEN. HASBROUCK — Sketch
of, II, 422.
DAVIS, COL. JOHN A.— Sketch of, II,
580.
DAVIS, JEFFERSON — Speech at Jack-
son, Miss., 1, 35 ; chosen President C.
S. A., 51 ; visited by Col. Jaquess, 417 ;
capture of, II, 298; evacuates Rich-
mond, 431 ; flees to Danville, 433.
DAVIS, GEN. JEFF. C— Expedition to
Franklin, 1,496; at Missionary Ridge,
II, 107 ; captures Rome, Ga., 170 ;
succeeds Gen. Palmer, 201.
DAVIS' MILLS, MISS.-Defended against
Van Dorn, I, 430.
DEPARTMENT OF THE WEST— Con-
dition of at appointment of Fre-
mont, I, 158.
De RUSSEY, FORT— Capture of, II, 115.
D'WOLF, LT. WM.— Sketch of, I, 599.
DICKEv, COL. T. LYLE— At Coffeeville,
I, 420; cavalry expedition against
..:•!
[NDEX.
'i'i,: ■ Van Dorn,
Bketota ..i, [1,821.
DILWOR1 ti. * . i Btoh of, ii.
177.
■. [i .N Threatened by the South
i .i Linooln the pr<
- iN, i i >RT -Location and arm-
ament, i. 187; capture of, 200; Incidents
at, 202; a rebel account <>r the news
saptnre, 812; attacked by Forresfe
W.
,i.\s, STEPHEN flu— Canvass
with Lincoln foi Benatorshlp, I, 86 ;
remarks on secession in Senate, 18;
Bustaina Presldenl Lincoln, speech
at Springfield, 80; speech at wigwam;
Chicago, 81,88; letter to v. Hlckox,
death, 82.
DOX,GEN. HAMILTON V,.— Sketch of,
II, 123.
DUNHAM, COL.— His gallant reply to
demand for .surrender, I, 433.
DURHAM, GABRIEL B.— Sketch of, I,
601.
1 £1 • I I ITY-EIGHTH REGIMENT— Gal-
lant conduct at Franklin, II, 210, 845;
at Stone River,348; at Mission Ridge,
848.
EIGHT V-sl XT II REGJ M I 2NT-Cbnduct
at i latawba and Bentonville, II, 568.
ELLIOTT, JOHN— Letter concerning
bis death, 11,582.
ELLIS, GOV.OFN. G— seizes U. S, forts,
I, 50.
ELLIS, EDWARD F. "W.— Sketch of, I,
2T8.
ELLSWORTH, COL. E. E.— Notice of, I,
334.
EM ANCIPATION PROCLAMATION—
The, 1,612.
EBSKINE, GEN. ALBERT— Sketch of,
11,631.
EST VAN— Account of capture oi
Jackson, I, 156; battle of Wilson's
Creek, 160; capture of Lexington,
165 ; Fremont's removal, 168
FARMINGTON— Action at, I, 285.
FARNSWORTH,GEN.J. F.— Address to
the 8th Cavalry, I, 522; sketch of, 566.
FARR AGUT, ADM . D. G.— Capture of
Mobile, 11,293.
: w \ n i vn. i r. N 0. Eaten d by
Sherman's ai my, 1 1.
I ii n THIRD REGIMENT— At 0or«
huh. II, 871.
FISHER, I ORT R duction of, II.
FLORIDA Si a des, i.
i i,i »R] D \, .M' ' i lamp at, captured, I.
id: i.
l'l.i i v i ». .IN' I. B. Resigns tecretarj ship,
I. 19; runs away 1 1 < .111 Fori I 'oiiel-
Bon, 200.
FOOTE, ADM. \ H.— Commands naval
forces againsl Fori Henry, i.
conducts worship In a Presbyterian
church, 105; at Donelson, 188; b
Columbus, 216; before [aland No. 10,
220.
FORREST, GEN. N. B.— Raid
Tenni - i e, I. ISO ; action ai Parker's
Cross Roads, |.'!2; attacks Fort Don-
elson, 187; captures brigade atSpring
Hill, 188; captures I bl. Strelgn
capture b i rnion I llty,] [,120 ; repulsed
121 ; raid on Nashville and Chatta-
at Paducah, Massacre at Fort Pillow,
nooga K. R, 204.
FRANKLIN, TENNw— Action at I, 501;
second action at, II, 208.
FREDRICKTOWN.MO^-Actionnear.L
171.
FREE LABI »R I with slave
labor, I, 35.
FREMONT, GEN. JNO. C.— Commis-
sioned Maj. Gen. and sent to Bt.
Louis, I, 158; testimony concerning
his department before Cong. Com-
mittee, ltii ; sends President Lincoln
a plan for Mississippi campaign, 162;
issues order concerning the Negro,
163; reveals to Colfax the want of
troops at St Louis, 1436; concentrates
his forces at Springfield, 167; depriv-
ed oi command, hi-*.
I I LLF.R, liKN. ALLEN (.:.— Report on
product ions of in.. I, 84 ; appointed
Adj't Gen. of Illinois. 78; report
on the waul of arms. 90, 97; remarks
on organization of fust six regiments,
101; report adverse to dilatory policy
of War Dept., 108; report, of 1861-2,
125; Report of Feb. 1, 1864, 136; sketch
of, 601; report concerning expenses
of office, 005; speaker of House of
Representatives, II, 130.
INDEX.
69!
FUNERAL SERVICES OF PRES. LIN-
COLN—Committee appointed at
Washington for, II, 26; at Washing-
ton, 26 ; procession in Pennsylvania
Avenue, 27 ; at the Rotunda of the
Capitol, 28; from Washington to Chi-
cago, 29 ; at Chicago, 31 ; at Spring-
field, 32 ; the old homestead, 34 ; at
Oak Ridge, 35, eulogy of Bishop,
Simpson, 36.
FUNK, HON. ISAAC— Thrilling speech
in State senate, I, 513.
GAMBLE, GEN. WM.— Sketch of, I, 557-
GEORGIA— Secedes. I, 50, 51.
GETTYSBURG— Battle of, I, 543.
GILLMORE, COL. ROBERT A.— Sketch
of, II, 600.
GOLDSBORO, N. C— Entered by Sher-
man, II, 454.
GRAND GULF.— Attack upon, I, 456;
occupied by Grant, 459.
GRANGER, GEN. GORDON— Repulses
Vau Dorn at Franklin, I, 501 ; at
Chickamauga, II, 48.
GRANT, ULYSSES S.— Birth, admitted
to West Point, I, 173 ; classmates, 174;
service in Mexico, 17b ; resigns com-
mission, 177; offers his services to
Gov. Yates, 178; commissioned col-
ouel, 179 ; appointed brigadier gen-
eral and assumes command at Cairo,
181 ; battle of Belmont, 182 ; appointed
major general of volunteers, 186;
summary of character, 187; order
brigading troops at Paducah, 191 ;
inarches against Fort Donelson 198 ;
"unconditional surrender," 201; re-
port to VVarDepartment, 204; at Pitts-
burg Landing, 240; report of battle,
253; receives thanks from President
Lincoln, 293 ; operations against
Vicksburg, 425 ; retires upon Holly
Springs, 434 ; moves forces to Milli-
ken's Bend, 452; canals, 453; sends
transports and gunboats by "Vicks-
burg, 454 ; crosses the river, 4")6 ; order
on victory at Port Gibson, 458 ; move-
ments of troops, 459; invests Vicks-
burg, 465 ; conference with Pember-
ton, 471 ; appointed lieutenant gen-
eral, 544 ; battle of the Wilderness,
545 ; flank movements towards Rich-
mond, 546; appointed to command
at Chattanooga, II, 104; arrives there,
106; Missionary Ridge, "give 'em
time," 110; thanked by President,
110; order of thanks to army, made
lieutenant general, 111 ; made com-
mander-in-chief, plan of action, 122;
confers with Sherman at Cincinnati,
164 ; statement of affairs in March,
1865,291; before Petersburg, 424; dis-
position of troops from Petersburg to
Five Forks, 427; assaults Petersburg,
429; Richmond evacuated, 431; merits
of his policy, 433 ; offers terms of sur-
render to Lee, 436; Lee surrenders,
439 ; his estimate of fighting qualities
of Eastern and Western troops, 440 ;
at Raleigh, 470; grand review at
Washington, 471 ; resume of his
movements in Virginia, 520; recep-
tion at Chicago, 523; welcome from
the Board of Trade ; 528 ; reception
at Galena, 533; promoted to rank of
general, 537.
GRASS, COL. DANIEL— Sketch of, II,
647.
GREAT UPRISING, THE— At fall of
Sumter, I, 73.
GREELEY, HORACE— Remarks on the
removal of Fremont, 1, 168.
GREUSEL, COL. NICHOLAS, JR.—
Sketch of, I, 234.
GRIER, GEN. DAVID P.— Sketch of, II,
651.
GRIERSON, GEN. B. H.— Raid through
Mississippi, I, 364-76 ; leaves La
Grange, 365 ; camps at Clear Springs,
366; ruse jat Enterprise, 67 ; at Pearl
River bridge, 369; at Georgetown
ferry, 370; into Baton Rouge, 373;
results, 374 ; sketch of, II, 498.
GRIMES, HON. J. W.— Remarks con-
cerning Com. Foote, I, 198.
GURLEY, REV. DR.— At death-bed of
Lincoln, II, 24 ; preaches funeral
sermon, 27 ; prayer and ode at the
tomb, 38.
HAINES' BLUFF— Location of, I, 440.
HALL, COL. A. S.— Defeats Morgan at
Milton, I, 499.
HALLECK, GEN. H. W— Requisition
for troops, I, 118 ; appointed to West-
ern Department, 185; plan of action
against Corinth, 241; movements
against Corintl), 284; becomes com-
mander-in-chief, 289.
HAMPTON, GEN. WADE— Burns Col-
umbia, II, 361.
696
iM.i:x.
11 \\. Ill TT.i'WT. INK AM S. -Sketch
Of, I !
ji \i;hii . i,i\ v, .1 i vacualea Sa-
vannah, ll, 284; attempts to check
Sherman at I River, 888;
at i'.. nt. .u\ ill.-, I.-'.
BARDING, Dt 'i LBNER «'.- Defence
.•i i ort i tonelson, i, 187.
BARLOW, COL. GEO. 11. -sketch of, ll,
601.
ii LRMON, COL. 0. F.— Sketoh ofi ii, a.
BABRI8, GOV. [SHAM Q - Reply to
call for i roops, r, 100.
ll \n ll it-: RIVER- Action at bridge of,
I, 283,
iiavnik, GEN. [SHAM N.— Sketch of,
II, 180.
HKAKTT, LIEUT.— Gallant conduct at
Donelson, I. 202.
HECKER, COL. FREDERIC— Sketch of,
II, 829.
BENRY, FORT — Position and arma-
ment, I, Hi-'; expedition against, 193;
capture of, 194.
EENRY'S REPEATING RIFLE— Pur-
chased by Blrge's .sliarpshooters.il,
88.
HERBERT, GEO.— Remarks on death
of Col. Bross, I, 596.
HICKS, COL. STEPHEN G.— Sketch of,
i, 325; defends Padacah, II, 121.
HOLLY SPRINGS, .MISS.— Surrendered
bo Van I -urn, I, 430.
HOGG, LT. COL. HARVEY— Death at
Bolivar, r, 848.
HOGE, COL. GEO. B.-Sketch of, 11,403.
HOOD, GEN. J. B.— Succeeds Johnston
before Atlanta, II, 192; determina-
tion i<> hold, 193; defeated at Chatta-
hoochee, 197; defeated at .inncsiM.ro,
201; evacuates Atlanta, 202 ; moves
northward, -04; aims at Resaca, 206 ■;
iii-iorc Nashville, 208.
HOOKER, GEN. JOSEPH.-in command
of Army of Potomac, I, 541 ; relieved,
542; in command at burial of Lincoln,
II. 85; at Lookout Mountain, 106 ; at
Resaca, 169; at Peach Tree Creek,
182; relieved,201; at Chicago, 525.
HOWARD, GEN. O. O.— Appointed to
command of Army of Tennessee, II,
201.
HUMPHREY, c<'L. THOMAS W
sketch oi. i :
Hi MLK. GEN. DAVID sk.-tci, of, i,
Ms; in command ol I toparl menl >.f
the South, order ol outlawry against,
549; letter to Dr. Tj □
iii'.vi's\ ii. i. k, at.a Capture ol
HURLB1 T.GEN. STEPHEN A.
a proclamation to the people ol north
Missouri, [,169; at Pittsburg Land-
ing, 247; sketch of, 276 ; al Meridian,
I i,i'. i; his position at New Orleans,
498.
Illinois— Extent and boundaries, I,
33; productions. .'U; patriotism of,
512.
ILLINOIS, LEGISLATURE oK.-c.m-
Vclled in ls'.l, I, Ts; places State oil
war footing, 102; unpatriotic conduct
of in 1868-4, 128.
ILLINOIS TROOPS.— Organization of
regiments, 1, 101, 108, in-13; number
sent forward in 1861, 117 ; organiza-
tion of 100 day men, 117; died at
Alldersoiiville, II, 299-816; losses of,
684-9.
INAUGURAL ADDRESS*— Second, of
President Lincoln, I 525.
INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTS.- Aastat-
a nee of, I, 1".-.
"IRISH BRIGADE"— The, 1,507.
[BLAND No. to.- Position, I, 219;
of, 220; battery spiked by OOL Rob-
erts, 220; evacuated, 221.
ilka- Battle of, I, 289.
.IAcksoN, CAMP. -taken by Capt.
Lyon, 1, 156.
JA< KSON, GOV. CLAIBORNE M.— Re-
ply to President Lincoln's call for
troops, I, 99 ; orders rebel forces to
St. Louis, 104 ; attempts to take Mis-
souri out of the Onion, 166; pro-
claims Missouri independent, 169.
JACKSON, i"LL Seized by rebels, I,
50.
JACKsi )\, m [SB.— Capture of, I, 462.
.1 A o I ESS, COL. JAS. F — His orders
at Perryville, J, 414; sketch of, 416
visit to Jeff Davis, 41".
JONES, ROBERT.— Death of, II, 583.
J< >NESB< iim, ALA.- Battle of, II, 201.
JOHNSON, ANDREW.— At funeral of
Lincoln, II, 27 ; denounced the Union
League, 592.
INDEX.
697
JOHNSTON, GEN. ALBERT SIDNEY.
—General orders of, at Corinth, 1, 243.
JOHNSTON, GEN. JOSEPH E.— At
Chickamauga, II, 45; at Resaca, 169;
at Dallas, 171 ; retreats from Alla-
toona, 172 ; retreats from Kenesaw,
178; superseded by Hood, 192; his
policy against Sherman, 184 ; suc-
ceeds Bragg in N. C, 363; attacks
Sheman at Bentonville, 452; retreats
to Smithfleld, 452 ; asks a conference,
461 ; the tarms of his agreement with
Sherman, 467 ; surrenders, 469.
KENESAW MOUNTAIN.— Battle at,
1T4.
KENTUCKY.— Pretended secession of,
I, 210.
KENTUCKY LETTER — Of President
Lincoln, I, 543 ; remarks upon by N.
A. Review, 530.
KIRK, GEN. EDWARD N.— Sketch of,
I, 377.
LABOR, FREE AND SLAVE.— Struggle
between, I. 35.
LANE, HON. JOSEPH— Proposal to cen-
sure government negatived, 1, 46.
LEAD MINE REGIMENT— Gallant
conduct at Vicksburg, I, 471.
LEE, GEN. R. E— Crosses the Potomac,
I, 511 ; at Chamdersburg, 542; at Get-
tysburg, 543 ; recrosses Potomac, 544 ;
at the Wilderness, 545; reinforced by
Bragg, II, 43; held at Richmond, 289;
attacks Fort Steadman, 426 ; defeated
at White Oak Road, 427 ; orders eva-
cuation of Richmond, 430 ; concen-
trates forces at Ametia Court House,
434 ; correspondence with Grant con-
cerning surrender, 436, 439.
LEXINGTON— Taken by Price, 1, 163.
LINCOLN. ABRAHAM — His canvass
for senatorship, I, 36 ; position in 1860,
concerning slavery, 39; early history
53; elected to Congress, 55 ; speech
at Peoria, 55 ; at Springfield, 1858, 59 ;
nominated to Presidency, 60; jour-
ney to Washington, 60-5; inaugural
address, 66-72; cabinet, 72: procla-
mation calling troops at fall of Sum-
ter, 76 ; blockading proclamation^ ;
second call for troops, 103 ; nominat-
ed for re-election and re-elected, 111
thanks Grant for victories, 293 ; en-
dorses McClemand's plans against
Vicksburg, 436 ; issues Emancipation
Proclamation, 512 ; second Inaugural
address, 525 ;■ last speech of, 526; last
proclamation of, 529; his Kentucky
letter, 533; his message to miners of
the Pacific slope, II, 20 ; is assassinat-
ed,-22; death, 24; funeral ceremo.
nies, 26-39 ; character of, 39 ; congres-
sional eulogies, 40; his letter of
thanks to Sherman for Savannah,
285.
LIPPERT, MAJ. LOTHAR— Sketch of
II, 631.
LOGAN, GEN. JNO. A.- Votes to support
the President, I, 49; at Corinth, 287 ;
at Raymond, 461; at Jackson, 462;
at Champion Hills, 463; enters
Vicksburg, 473; sketch of 482; letter
declining a nomination to Congress,
484; appeal to soldiers, from Mem-
phis, 515; at Reseca, II, 169; at
Dallas, 171 ; at Peach Tree Creek, 183 ;
assumes command of Army of Ten-
nessee, 196 ; on the march from Sa-
vannah, 357; at Little Congaree, 360.
LONDON TIMES— The, opinion of Sher-
man's march to the sea, 270.
LONGSTREET, GEN. JAMES— Crosses
the Tennessee, I, 231; reinforces
Bragg, II, 46; at Chicamauga, 47 ; sent
to besiege Burnside, 50; raises seige.
Ill; at Richmond, 427; reinforces
Lee at Petersburg, 430.
LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN-Battle of, II, 106.
LOOMIS, COL. JNO. MASON— Sketch of,
I, 408,
LOOMIS, Col. JNO. S.— Ass't Adj't Gen.,
extract from message of Gov. Yates
concerning, I, 603.
LOUISIANA— Secedes and seizes U. S.
property,!, 51.
LOVEJOY, REV. E. P.— Killed at Alton,
I, 144.
LOVEJOY, HON. OWEN-Resolutions
of December, 1860, 1, 48 ; extract from
speech, 521.
LYNCH, GEO. W. F.— Sketch of, Jjyrc....
LYON, GEN. NATHANIEL — Removal
of arms from St. Louis,I,104 ; captures
Camp Jackson, 156; promoted to
Brig. Gen., defeats Marmaduke at
Booneville, 157 ; is left nearly desti-
tute of troops, 158; killed at Wil-
son's Creek, 160-
LUDLAM, MAJ. JAMES D.— Sketch of,
I, 550.
MCALLISTER, FORT— Carried by as-
sault, I, 280: graphic account of, 281
INDEX.
M.-AKTiit r.,<;!'\-.i<>]!N At Pittsburg
Landing, MS; woundi d at « '• • i i i» 1 1 • ,
m ; Bk< tch of, i 'i
McCLEl LAN, GEN. GEO B. N Inat-
. i for Presidency , I, I n ; appointed
to command of the Army of Potomac,
, before Richmond, nt Antietam,
Mel LERJN \M>, GEN. JOHN A. -At
Fori i fenrj , I, 198; a1 Fort Donelson,
198; at Pittsburg Landing, 245; urges
1 1 1 1 . \ , ■ 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 against Vicksburg, 186;
oorrespondence \\ Lth Btanton and
Grant concerning command, 187;
assumes command, 489, 144; moves
agalnsl Arkansas Post, MS; reporl
of operations, lbs Bends Parrot!
mm t<> Gov. fates, 160; congratula-
tory order.ordered backto Vicksburg
451 ; moves his corps south of Vicks-
burg, 154; al Porl Gibson, 156; atthe
Big Black, 164; sketch of 176; Gener-
al* irders detailing operations against
Vicksburg, 179.
McCULLOl GH, MAJ. WILLIAM.—
Bk< tchof, I. 668
McGOFFIN, GOV. BEEIAH— Reply to
call for troops, 1, 100; Is restrained
by a loyal legislature, 208.
McMINNSVILLE Action at, 1,501,
McPHERSON, GEN. JAS. B.— At Ray-
mond, I, 161; at Champion Hills, 461;
assault al Vicksburg, 471; marches
into Vicksburg, 473: in command
there II, 105; at Meridian, 161; at
Resaca, 169; at Dallas, 171 ; at Kene-
Baw, 178; al Peach Tree Creek, 182;
killed before Atlanta, 196.
MALMBORG, COL. OSCAR— Sketch of
Q, 644.
MANSFIELD, LA.— Action near, II, 115.
"MARCH TO TIIK SKA"— The, II, 200-
285.
MARSH, COL. JASON— Sketch of, 1, 401.
MASSACHUSETTS— Tenders forces to
bain Government, I, 61; troops
attacked In Baltimore, 79.
M I : A I >E, < : EN. < »EO. G.— Assumes com-
mand of Army of Potomac, I, 542;
at Gettysburg, 543.
MEDILL, MAJ. WM. H.— Sketch of, I,
658.
MEMPHIS APPEAL.— On distribution
of. C s. arms, [,96.
MERCANTILE BATTERY OF CHICA-
GO—At Vicksburg, I, 469.
mii:i i 'i an, MISS. Sherman*! raid
against, n. 16ft
Mil i Pi IRD, MO Action at, I. 190
.mil 1. 1 n, QA ):• achi ■> bj Bh< i man's
army, 1 1, 276.
.Mil.o >.\, I ENN. Action at, I, &00.
.MISSION \l;V RIDGE. Haiti.' of,
11,107; disposition ol troops, 108; via-
torj . 1 10; Bketch ol act ion.
Mil' IHELL, GEN. < >. M Moves on
Bovi Ling l ire* a, I. -■ i ; campaign in
Alabama, 881; advance towards Chat-
tanooga, 837; ordered to Porl Royal,
3.'}tf.
MISSISSIPPI. - eed< -. i. B0.
MOBILE.— Capture of, I
Mi K >RE, D 'I.. .\. B. His report of sur-
render at l [artsville, II, 574.
MOORE, GEN. JESSE IIAII.I.. Sk< toS
of, II.
MORGAN, GEN. JOHN. 1
Milton, I, 500; killed, II, 288.
MOULTRIE, PORT.— Evacuated by An-
demon, I, i-; i apied by rebels, 42;
Ores "ii "star of the West,
MUDD, COL. J. J.— Sketch of, [,806,
MULLIGAN, GEN. JAS. A- Defends
Lexington, I, 168; captured and de-
clines parole, 166; sketch ofj BT8,
MURFREESBORO, TENN.- Evacuated
NASHVILLE, TENN.— Occupied by
Gen, Mil. 'hell, I.-Jl-J: by ( i.n. Thomas,
11,207; battle of, 208.
NEBRASKA BILL.— Referred to, 1,55.
NEEDHAM, REV. ARNOLD T.— Notice
of, I, 299.
NEGLEY, GEN. .1. 8.— Expedition to
East Tennessee, I, 887; attacks Chat-
tanooga, y:;s ; at Stone River, 861; at
Pigeon Mountain, 11,4.'.; at Cliieka-
mauga, 46.
NEGRO, THE.— What to do with him?
1,119; order of Gen. Fremont con-
cernlng, 163.
NELSON, GEN. WM.— At Pittsburg
Landing, I, 250.
NEW MADRID, MO.— Capture of, 1, 21T.
NEW ORLEANS.— Mint and custom
bouse s.i/.ed by rebels, I, 51.
NEVIUS, COL. GARRETT.— Sketch of,
11. '•:.
NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW.— Re-
marks on President Lincoln's Ken-
tucky letter, I, 530.
NORTH CAROLINA.— Seizes U.S. Forts,
I, CO.
INDEX.
699
OAK RIDGE, ' SPRINGFIELD, ILL.—
Burial place of Lincoln, II, 35.
ODE— At tomb of Lincoln, II, 38.
OGLESBY, GEN. RICHARD J.— Elected
Governor, I, 145 ; at Donelson, 207 ;
wounded at Corinth, 291 ; sketch of,
II, 123; inaugural address, 126; letter
concerning the Lincoln Log Cabin,
542; proclamation concerning return-
ing troops, 543.
"ON TO RICHMOND."— I, 539.
ONE HUNDRED DAY TROOPS— Or-
ganization of, I, 147.
ORCHARD KNOB.— Taken by Wood, II,
107.
ORDER OP OUTLAWRY. — Against
Gens. Hunter and Phelps, I, 549.
OSBAND, GEN. E. D.-Sketch of, II, 506.
OSBORN, GEN. T. O.— Sketch of, I, 583.
OSTERHAUS, GEN. PETER J.— At Ar-
kansas Post, I, 447 ; at the Big Black,
464 ; at Dallas, II, 172.
PADUCAH, KY.— Occupied by General
Grant, 1, 181; repulse of Forrest at, II,
121.
PALMER, GEN. J. M.— At Stone River,
I, 351 ; at Chickanaauga, II, 46 ; at Re-
saca, 169 ; at Peach Tree Creek, 182 ;
resigns command of 14th Corps, 201;
sketch of, 634 ; in command in Ken-
tucky, 635.
PATRIOTISM OF ILLINOIS.— I, 511.
PEA RIDGE.— Battle of, I, 223.
PEACE CONVENTION.— Assembles at
Washington, I, 51.
PEACH TREE CREEK.— Battle of, II,
181.
PEARSON, GEN. ROB. N.— Sketch of,
II, 151.
PEMBERTON, GEN. J. C— Surrenders
Vicksburg, I, 471-473.
PERRYVILLE— Battle of, I, 345.
PETERSBURG, VA.— Union army be-
fore, I, 547 ; assault of Cemetery Hill,
1, 592; seige of, II, 424; assault of,
429; evacuated, 433.
PHILLIPS CREEK— Action at, I, 286.
PICKENS, GOV.— Proclamation of, I, 41 ;
alarmed by evacuation of Moultrie,
. 43.
PICKENS, FORT— Occupied by Lieut.
Slemmer, I, 50..
PILLOW, GEN. GIDEON J— Organizes
force at New Madrid, I, 159; runs
away from Fort Donelson, 200; his
chain at Columbus, 217 ; at Corinth,
241.
PILLOW, FORT.— Massacre at, II, 121.
PITTSBURG LANDING— Events at, I,
240 ; position of troops, 242 ; opening
of action, 245; second day, 250; sum-
mary of results, 251; report of Gen.
Grant, 253 ; letter of Gen. Sherman,
257.
PLEASANT HILL, LA.— Action at, II,
116.
POCOTALIGO, S. C — Skirmish at, II,
358.
POLK, GEN. LEONID AS— Occupies Co-
lumbus, I, 191 ; evacuates, 216 ; at
Corinth, 241 ; at Chickamauga, II,
47 ; at Meridian, 162 ; killed at Ken-
esaw, 174 ;
POPE, GEN. JOHN— In command inN.
Missouri, I, 181; fights Battle of
Milford, Mo., 190; moves on New Ma-
drid, 217; report of capture, 218;
takes Island No. 10, 221; sketch of,
224 ; at Corinth, 287 ; assigned to
Army of Potomac, 288, 539.
PORT GIBSON— Action at, I, 456.
POST, COL. PHILIP SIDNEY— Sketch
of, 1,236.
POTOMAC, ARMY OF— Failure on the
James, I, 119; McClellan assumes
command, 538 ; Burnside, 539 ; Hook-
er, 540; Meade, 542; Grant, 544.
POWELL, LEWIS PAYNE— Attempts
to murder Sec. Seward, II, 24; exe-
cuted, 42.
PRENTISS, GEN. B. M— Assumes com-
mand at Cairo, I, 101; at Cairo, 159;
at Mount Zion, 19; at Pittsburg
Landing, 242, 245 ; report of battle,
255 ; sketch of, 267.
PRESIDENT OF U. S.— Election of,1860,
1,36.
PROCLAMATIONS OF PRES. LIN-
COLN—Calling for 75,000, at fall of
Sumter, I, 76 ; blockading Southern
ports, 77; of Emancipation, 512; con-
cerning treatment of U. S. cruisers
in foreign ports, 529.
PROCLAMATIONS OF GOV. YATES—
assembling Legislature, 1861, I, 78;
for men to fill quota of 300,000, 121 ;
of Feb. 4th, 1864, concerning quotas
of 111., 131.
PRICE, GEN. STERLING— Appointed
to command of Missouri State troops,
I, 156; at Wilson's Creek, 160; in-
vests Lexington, 163; captures Lex-
ington, 165; retires before Fremont
to Springfield, 167; his rear routed by
00
im>i:\\
driven Into \> i ■■
.1. I. at. .1 at Inka, 9 l
MUaaoori, ii,
n:i; driven oat, 190,
PI i. 18K I. i T Belied by rebels, '
Ql 1 I'M AN. ' il N .1. A. K. mat fcfl ,,n
s i .• i \ erj . I
l: \iii \. ir. I OL. ALEXANDER —
Bketcta ..i. ii, .v.n.
RAITH, COL.J1 in IB Sketch of, [,28L
RANSi IM, 3EN. T. E. <;. Gallant be-
hayloral Charleston, Mo., 1, 171 ; gal-
lant eondncl al Vlcksburg, 468;
sketch "f, is;-, on the Red River, n,
115; death,207.
RA5 Mo.Nl>, MISS.— Action at, 1461.
READ, COL. SHERIDAN P.— Killed a1
Btone River, I, 356; sketch of, 881.
READ, GEN. THEODORE— Hia gallant
charge at Farm rilie, II, 435.
RED RTVER— Expedition up, IP, 114;
Close of, 118
R] ■:. . 1 MENTAL SKETCHES—
ARTII.LF.UY.
IS'iUeries.
Bridges', I, KM; 11,102
Bosteed, n, 161
Chicago Board ofTrade.II, 100.
Chicago Mercantile, II, 670.
Elgin, II, 872.
Vaughn's, 1 1, 073.
1st. Regiment.
Batteries A ami B, II, 155.
C, II, 154.
D, II, 873.
I, II, 876.
K, II, 676.
M. II, 877.
id Regiment II, 677.
Batteries F, II, 678.
H. II, 679.
K, 11,680.
L, II, 681.
M. II 682.
CAVALRY.
Barker's Chicago 9th, II, 551.
Dragoons. 1,566. 10th, I, 892.
2d, [,801 ; II, 54a 12th, 1,561 ; II, 411.
8d, II, I'd. 18th, 11,627.
4th, 11,6)8. 14th, 11,662.
6th. 11,407, 16th, 0,555.
7th, 11,622. 17th, II, 558.
8th, 1,551; n,547.
INFANTRY.
7th, II, 83. 10th, II, 91.
Mh, II, 87. 11th, II, 91.
9th, II, 90. 12th, U, 98.
13th I. 295; 0,218.
I ltd, I I
I.'.lh, I I
L6th, ii.
17th, li, 186,
18th, II, 188.
19th, 1 1
20th, II. HI.
22d, I. 807; II, 143.
28d, l, B67; II, 148.
28th, I, 106; I
27th, 0,5&
28th, 0,601.
29th, II. in.
80th, II. ii''..
81st II, lis.
820, II, 162.
33.1, II, 214
84th, [,886; 11,216.
37th, II, 238.
88th, 11,67.
89th, [,579; 11,217.
40th, 1,318; 11,611.
list, 11,218.
(2d, 11,62.
Hth, 11,220.
■hill, II, 228.
48th, II. 225.
■171 h, 11,228.
48th, I, 326 ; II, 231.
49th, II, 281.
5oth, 0,233.
51st, ii. 236
oiid, II, -Jin.
58d, II, 243.
r,n h, II, 245.
55th, II, 641.
57th, II, 'J 17.
58th, 11,249.
59th, II, 253.
60th, 1,409; II, 250.
cist, II, 645.
62(1,11.
68d, 11,256,
64th, II, 258.
65th, 1,685; 11,261.
66th, 11,65.
07th. 11,262.
68th, II, 28 :.
69th, 11,201.
70th, II, 264.
71st, II, 205.
72d,n,818.
73d, 1,412; II, 601,
74 th, 1,397; 11,318.
75th, I, 402 ; II, 319
70th, II, 320.
77th, II
78th, II, 8&
7:<th, I, 891 ; II, 2L
soth, ii. aa,
BlSt, I!
82d, ii.
88d, H
84th, l!
85th, il, 17",.
86th, [[,888.
s7th, II 65L
88th, 11,71.
B9th, 0, 886.
'.'nth, II, :;il.
91st, 0,848
92d, 11,369.
98d, 11,378.
95th, 11,380.
98th, 11,7.:.
88th, II, 383.
99th, 11,385.
160th, 0,606.
101st, 11,387.
102d, II, 390.
L08d, II. ■'!.
104th, II.Tii.
105th, 0,892.
108th, 0,894.
109th, 11,895.
i;"Hi..II,396.
111th, 11,398.
112th, II, 400.
llil h, 11,401.
115th, 11,608.
117th, 11,478.
118th, 11,655.
! 1 , 480.
122d, II. isi.
124th, 11,453.
125th, 11,79.
126th, 11,012.
127th, 11,485.
129th, 11,487.
180th, II, 013.
132d, II, ill.
133d, II, 442.
134th, II, 442,
135th, 11,413.
136th, 11,444.
137th, II. HI.
188th, II, 115.
139th, 11,445.
140th, II. no.
lllst. 11,446.
112(1, II, 117.
143d, II, 447.
145th, 11,448.
INDEX.
701
147th, II, 4S8. 152d, II,
149th, II, 490, 153d, II, 493.
150th, II, 491. 155th, II, 494.
151st, II, 492.
RESACA— Battle of, II, 169.
REYNOLDS, SERG'T JOHN H — Death
of, II, 583.
REYNOLDS, GEN, JOS. S.-Sketch of, II,
261,
REYNOLDS, THOS. C. — Lieut. Gov.,
Proclamation urging Missouri tojoin
the Confederacy, 1, 159.
RICHMOND, VA— Evacuation of,II,431;
entered by Weitzel, 432.
RICHMOND ENQUIRER— On disposi-
sition of U. S. arms, I, 96.
ROEERTS, COL. G. W.— Spikes a battery
at Island No. 10, I, 220; sketch of,
381.
ROGERS, GEN. GEORGE C— Sketch of,
II, 136.
ROLER, SURG. E. O. F.— Sketch of, II,
645.
ROLL OF HONOR— Army of the Cum-
berland, I, 503-510.
ROSEORANS, GEN. W. S. — Succeeds
Gen. Pope, I, 289; takes command
at Corinth, 290; reports at Cincin-
nati, 293: succeeds Buell, 350; battle
of Stone River, 351 ; headquarters at
Murfreesboro, 496; moves against
Bragg, II, 43,44; at Chickamauga, 45;
disputed orders of, 47; superseded by
Thomas, 104 ; assumes command in
Missouri, 119.
ROUSSEAU, GEN.L. H.— Occupies Mul-
draugh's Hill, I, 209; at Perryville,
816 ; at Stone River, 351 ; commands
expedition to Opelika and West
Point, II, 179; drives Forrest out of
Tenn., 204.
ROWLETT'S STATION.— Action at, I,
211.
RYAN, COL. GEO.— Gallant conduct
while under arrest, I, 404.
SABINE PASS— Attack of, II, 113.
SALKEHATCHIE.— Crossed by Sher-
man, II, 359.
SALOMON, GEN. EDWARD S.-Sketch
of, II, 330.
SANDFORD, GEN.— Tenders New York
troops to President, I, 51.
SAVANNAH.— Invested, II, 283; cap-
tured, 284.
SCHOFIELD, GEN. JNO. M.— Relieved
from command in Missouri by Rose-
crans, II, 119 ; sketch of, 164; atResa-
ca, 169; gallant repulse of enemy at
Kenesaw, 176 ; at Peach Tree Creek,
182; at the Chattahoochee, 198; at
Franklin, 208; at Kingston, 293; in
command in N. Carolina, enters Wil-
mington, 360.
SCOTCH REGIMENT, THE— I, 585;
SCOTT DAVID.— Sketch of, II, 378. 1
SCOTT, COL. JOS. R— His brilliant
charge at Stone River, 1,359; sketch
of, 383.
SCOTT, GEN. WINPIELD.— Asks leave
to garrison forts, 1,44-45; organizes
militia of D. C, 49 ; opposes accept-
ance of cavalry, 107.
SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT.— At
Franklin. II, 211, 347.
SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT.— At
Franklin, II, 212, 345.
SEWARD, WM. H.— Appointed Secre-
tary of State, I, 72 ; attacked by
Powell, II. 24 .
SHAFFER, COL. JOHN W.— II, 353.
SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF.— I, 544.
SHERMAN, GEN. FRANCIS T.— Letter
from, I, 517 : sketch of, II, 72.
SHERMAN, GEN. W. T.— In command
in Kentucky, I, 210; at Pittsburg
Landing, 245; letter of concerning
battle at Pittsburg Landing, 257; ex-
pedition against Vicksburg, 435; bat-
tle of Chickasaw Biyou, 440; super-
seded byMcClcrnand, 414; at Arkan-
sas Post, 445 ; before Vicksburg, 465 ;
relieves Burnside, II, 50-111; in com-
mand of Department of Tennessee,
104; ordered to Chattanooga, 105; at
Missionary Ridge, 109; moves against
Meridian, 16P; confers with Grant at
Cincinnati, 164 ; inspects his Depart-
ment, 166; his effective forces, 167;
letter to Grant, 168 ; at Resaca, 169 ;
flanks Allatoona Pass, 171, 172; de-
scribes scenery about the Kenesaw,
173; unmasks batteries with a rail-
way train, 175 ; his report of move-
ments, 175; reasons for assault, 176; ac-
count of movements from Kenesaw
to Atlanta 178-180 ; battle of Peach
Tree Creek, 181 ; report of the battlo
of the Chattahoochee, 191,197; at-
tempts to destroy the Macon road,
199; battle of Jonesboro, 201; takes
Atlanta, 202; marches to the sea, 266;
general orders, 267 ; replies to Mayor
of Atlanta, 269 ; reliance on Thomas,
02
INDEX.
. the march, 271-279; reaches Ba-
\ .iimali n p*or1 m> \
280; surrender ofSavannah.l ftristma*
gift In I'll s i, I, m. Mil 1 1 111:1 ry (if results,
384; moves on Goldsboro, 88T ; at the
kehatchie, 860; movea against
Orangeburg, 860; enters Columbia,
861; moves mi Winnshoro, 388 ; his
report ol movements Ln S. Carolina,
364; at Bentonville, 462; enters Golds-
boro, 464; meets Grant and Lincoln
at rity Point, 465; orders for reorgan-
ization, 466, 166; Leaves Goldsboro,469;
enters Raleigh, 460; his statement of
the negotiations for Johnston's sur-
render, 461; the tonus of his agree-
ment with Johnston 167; these terms
rejected hy the President, 46S ; John-
Bton surrenders, 468 ; grand review at
Washington, 471 ; farewell order, 472;
reception at Chicago, 528; promoted
to be Lieutenant-* teneral, 537.
SHERIDAN, GEN. P. H — At Perry ville,
1,845; at Chickamauga, II, 46 ; in the
valley of the Shenandoah, 239; at
Winchester, 280; his raid against
Lynchburg, 425 ; joins Grant, 4i't",; at
Five Porks, 42S; in the pursuit of
Lee's army, 4.'34; at Appomattox, 437.
SHI I, oil— Battle of, 1,240.
SIGEL, GEN. FRANZ.— Conducts re-
treat from Carthage to Springfield,
Mo., I. 167 ; at Wilson's Creek, 160; at
r i Ridge, 223.
simpsi IN, RT. REV. MATHEW.— Eulo-
gy at grave of Lincoln, II, 36.
SIXTY-FOURTH REGIMENT.— Its con-
duct during " the march," II, 569; at
Bentonville, 570.
SKINXER, LT. RICHARD.— Sketch of,
I. 699
SLEMMER, GEN. ADAM J.-Occupies
Fort Pickens, I, 50.
SMITH. HON. C. B.— Appointed Secre-
tary of Interior, I, 72.
SMITH, GEN. C. F.— At Fort Henry, I,
193; at Fort Donelson, 199.
SMITH, MAJ.JOHN C.-Sketch of, IT, 70,
SMITH, GEN. WILLIAM B.— Sent
against Meridian, II, 161; fails to obej^
102.
SX Y I HER, COL. JOHN M.— Sketch of, II,
669.
SOUTH CAROLINA.-Secedes, I, 41 ; oc-
cupies Fort Moultrie, 49; commis-
sioners leave Washington, 60.
SPRING! Ml D JOURN \i
to s. i '. ordinance "t m cession
B] IN PON. HON i: M Remarka oa
taking of I torn i ion, i. 201 ; reply to
Dr. Barnes, n, 28; prompt action of,
28 ; order of t ranspoi tat Ion <.f r
dent Lincoln's remains, 29; Bummary
■ it troopi report "i i
of, 288; ..i events in valley of Bhe-
nandoah, 289; oi forces in March,
1866, 291 ; ol reduction -.t Foi t i I
292.
"STAR OP THE WEST."— Attampl to
relieve Fort Sumter, I, 60.
"STAB BPANGLED BANNER," sun-,'
by a dying soldier, I,
BTJ i !LE, < tEN. F.— Movi ments of near
Little Hock, II, lis; at Sabine I
ing, 119;
STEELE'S BAYoK.-Expedition by
way of, I, (63.
STEPHENS, ALEX. II. -S| b In Geor-
gia Convention, I, 87; V. Pres. C. s.
A.. 51.
s'i'i A ENSON, MAJOR ALEX. F.— Re-
marks (in death of Col. Bross, i,
STOCKTQN, GEX. JOSEPH— Sketch of,
n,sia
STOKES, CAPT. JAMES II— Energetic
conduct in obtaining arms at St.
Louis, I, 103.
STONEMAN, GEX. 1 1 El >RGE.— His raid
against the Macon Road, II,
STONE RIVER— Battle of, I, 858; eon-
duct of ni.Regts. at.
STREIGHT, COL. A. D.— Expedition to
Georgia, Capture of Rome, I
STUART, DAVID— Sketch of, I, 273.
STURGIS RIFLES— 1, 684.
SUMTER, FORT— Occupied by Maj. An-
derson, I, 42 ; defence and surrender,
72.
SWEET, GEN". B. J.— In command at
Chicago. II, Ml.
BWEENEY, GEN. T. W.— Gallant action
at Lay's Ferry. II, 169; at Dallas, 172 ;
at the Chattahoochee, 196.
SYKESTI »WN— Skirmish near, I, 217.
T.WI.i IR, P.AYARD— " Fall of Sumter,"
1,73.
TAYLOR, GEXT. EZRA— Sketch of II,
158.
TAYLOR, GEN. DICK— Loses Fort De
Russy, II, 115; at Mansfield, 116; sur-
renders, 473.
TEXAS— Secedes, I, 61.
INDEX.
703
THOMAS, GEN. GEO. H.— In command
at Camp Dick Robinson, I, 210 ; de-
feats Zollicoffer, 211; at Stone River,
352; at Chickamauga, II, 45; "The
Rock of Chickamauga," 48 ; retires
to Chattanooga, 49 ; supersedes Rose-
crans, 104 ; at Missionary Ridge, 109 ;
at Buzzard's Roost Gap, 168 ; at Re-
saca, 469 ; advances on Dallas, 171 ; at
Kenesaw, 178 ; at Peach Tree Creek,
184; at the Chattahooche, 198; sent
to Nashville, 204; his forces there,
207; battle of Nashville, 208; his re-
port thereof, 287.
THOMPSON, JACOB, resigns secretary-
ship, I, 50.
THOMPSON, GEN. JEFF.— At Bloom-
field, I, 159; at Fredericktown, Mo.,
171.
TILGHMAN, GEN. LLOYD— Taken at
Fort Henry, I, 194.
TRUMBULL, HON. LYMAN— Stand
against secession, I, 47; elected to
Senate, 59. speech at Chicago, 519 ;
TURCHIN, GEN. JOHN B.— Orders to
"stop foraging," I, 109; captures
Huntsville, 333 ; thanked by General
Mitchell, 334; occupies Athens, 335;
Sketch of, 339; gallant charge at
Chicamauga, II, 51.
TWIGGS, GEN. D. E.— Betrays depart-
ment of Texas, I, 51.
UNION CITY— Surprised by Col. Buford,
1,220.
UNION LEAGUE— Origin of, II, 585;
the oath of the first council, 586 ; oath
of the National Council, 588 ; pledge
and address, 589 ; preserved Gov.
Yates and Pres. Johnson from dan-
ger, 592.
UNITED STATES SERVICE MAGA-
ZINE—On Sherman's raid against
Meridian, II, 162.
VAN DORN, GEN. EARL— Assumes
command of rebels in Arkansas, I,
222 ; is defeated at Pea Ridge, 223 ; at-
tacks Corinth, 290; moves against
Holly Springs, 429; attacks Frank-
lin, 501.
VICKSBURG— Siege of, 1,425-475; Union
forces encamp at Lumpkins's Mills,
425; fight near Coffeeville, 426;
Dickey's expedition, 428; Van Dorn
moves against Holly Springs, 429;
Forrest's raid, 430 ; pursuit of For-
rest, 431; fight at Parker's Cross
Roads, 432; Grant falls back upon
Holly Springs, 434; Sherman moves
against Vicksburg, 439; situation
and defenses of city, 440; battle of
Chickasaw Bayou, 441 ; McClernand
assumes command, 444; Grant moves
to Milliken's Bend, 452 ; canals, 453 ;
McClernand's corps moved Soutli of
Vicksburg, 454; transports run by
the batteries, 45-5; attack of Grand
Gulf, 456; victory at Port Gibson, 457;
movements of troops, 459; Vicks-
burg invested, 465; incidents before,
469; McPherson assaults, 471 ; capitu-
lation, 471.
VINCENT, REV. MR.— His repiy in be-
half of Gen. Grant at Galena, II, 536.
VIRGINIA— The battle ground of the
war, I, 537; natural divisions, 53S;
VON TREBRA, COL.-Sketch of, I, 380.
WALLACE, GEN. M. R. M.— Sketch of,
II, 621.
WALLACE, GEN. LEW.— At Donelson,
1,199; at Crump's Landing, 24i; at
Pittsburg Landing, 249.
WALLACE, GEN. W. H. L.— At Donel-
son, I, 206 ; at Pittsburg Landing, 246;
killed, 252; sketch of,261; resolutions
concerning, 264.
WAR DEPARTMENT.— Simon Camer-
on, Secretary, 1,72; want of material
in, 95 ; dilatory action in receiving
troops, 107 ; injurious result'of policy,
108; accepts all troops willing to
serve, 111 ; issues order to check re-
cruiting, 114; calls for nine regi-
ments from Illinois, 120.
WASHBURNE, HON. E. B.-Speech at
Chicago in behalf of Gen. Grant, II,
530 ; speech welcoming Grant at Ga
lena, 533.
WAYNESBORO, GA.— Action at, H, 279.
WEBBER, COL. JULES C— Sketch of,
II, 140.
WEBSTER, COL. J. D.— Posts artillery
at Pittsburg Landing, I, 248.
WELLES, GIDEON.-Appointed Secre-
tary of the Navy, I, 72; on distribu-
tion of Navy, 96.
WHEATON, COL. LLOYD.-Sketch of,
II, 89.
WHITE, GEN. JULIUS.-^Sketch of, I,
226; march over the Cumberland
Mountains, 230; at Lennis' and Camp-
bell's Stations, 231 ; ordered to Poto-
mac, 232.
" WHO WILL SAVE THE LEFT?"— I,
359.
04
[NDEX.
WICK! BSH \M. 001* IHld.KY.-
wna of, [,646.
WILLIAMS, COL i D Death atStone
River, l.
WILMTNG i' IN, N. 0 Captured, n. 860
treatment ol CJnloii prisoners there,
Mil mot PROVISO Etef m d to, I 55.
WILSON, GEN .1 il.-His raid in Ala-
bama and Georgia, II, 29T; captures
Jeff Davis, 298
WILSON'S CREEK.- Battle of, 1,160.
WINCHE8T1 R Battleof, 11,290.
WOMEN OF ILLINOIS.— Their patriot-
ism, [1,888.
WRIGHT, I/T. COL. JOS. C.-Sketch of,
1,174.
WYMAN. GEN. JNO. B.— Sketch of, I,
8H0; killed al Chickasaw Bayou, 448.
3 \ l'i:s PHALANX 1,679; 11,217.
YATES, RICHARD— Assembles Legisla-
ture Ol III., 1861, 1,78; early history,
in Congress, 35; inaugural address,
1881, 36; ■■.•.lis for troops, D
in Legislature, 1881, 90; orders oecu-
p:it Ion of < :n " '. 'Ix : ■ •! den Btop
ol Bteamboataal Cairo, 102; offers IB
mi in-, additional troops, 109; Is-
sues proclamation for men toflllono-
ta of 800,1 , 121 ; letter to President
urging \ iu" in in- action, 124; m<
toi eglslatureof 1868 i, LSI ; prorogues
i • latnre, I I; proo, of Feb. 4th,
1864, concerning i|in.t;is of 111. 181;
last mesi latnre, 1 15; clos-
ing paragraphs, 168; al Pitt*
Landing, 252; speech to 10th cav. 894 ;
receives Parrot! gnu from McCler-
nand, 451; extract from message,618;
remarks concerning Col. Loomls,608;
elected I'.S. Senator, II, 123; returns
thanks for Gen. Grant at Chicago, 626.
va/.oo PASS- Expedition by way of, I,
453.
ZOLLICOFFER,GEN. FELIX K.-Def.-at-
ed by Thomas, I, 211.
NOV 2 5 1333
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