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HARVARD
COLLEGE
LIBRARY
PAWLET
ONE HUNDRED YEARS.
HIEL HOLLISTER.
, albant:
PBIKTBD BY J. MtJITSBI.L.
1867.
/ / -• w w ^ / jky ..
HMVARO COLLEGE LIDRARY
^<ro4iJi>J^tpuiAXf'
Entered according to Act of Congrees, in the year 1807,
By HiBL HOLLIBTXR,
In the Olerk'8 office of the District Court of the United States, for the
District of Vermont.
CONTENTS.
Introdaoiioii, 8.
Topography, 6.
First Settlement, 8.
French and Indian war, 11.
Bevolutionary war, 11.
War of 1812, 21.
Mexican War, 22.
War of 1861 to 1866, 22.
Soldiers' Record, 28.
Soldiers' Obituary, 28. /
Beview of our Wars, 81.
Local Militia, 84.
Local QoYernment, 88.
Town Clerks from 1769, 89.
First Constables from 1776, 89.
Select Men from 1776, 40.
Constitutional Officers, 41.
Bepresentatives to Assembly^,
County Officers, 42.
Postmasters, 42.
Local Politics, 48.
Local Literature, 47.
Poetry, 60.
Agriculture, 64.
Manufactures, 67.
Mechanics, 62.
Emigration, 68.
Education, 66.
Libraries and Periodicals, 68.
Music, 69.
The old School House, 78.
Fifty Years Ago, 76.
Hard Times and Seasons, 79.
The Homestead, 81.
Anti-Slayery, 88.
Temperance, 84.
Game, 87.
Usages, Customs and Obserr-
ances, 90.
Merchants, 96.
Markets, 98.
Physicians and Diseases, 9d.
Attorneys, 102.
The Mothers of the Town, 108.
Bail Boad, 106.
Geology, 106.
Architecture, 108.
Hotels, 111.
Highways and Bridges, 112.
Town Farm, 114.
Cemeteries, 116.
Border War, 116.
U. S. Deposit Fund, 119.
Donation Festivals, 120.
Base Ball, 121.
Pawlet and Wells Agricultural
Society, 122.
Stock, 124.
Horses, 124.
Cattle, 126.
Sheep, 127.
Poultry, 127.
Dogs, 128.
General Census of the Town,
129.
General History of the War, 129.
First Begiment, 181.
Second Begiment, 181.
Fifth Begiment, 182.
Seventh Begiment, 182.
Ninth Begiment, 182.
Tenth Begiment, 188.
Eleventh Begiment, 188.
IV
CONTBNTS.
General History of the War.
' First Begiment Cavalry, 188.
Second Battery Light Artil-
lery, 186.
First Begiment U. 8. Sharp
Shooters, 184.
Fourteenth Begiment, 184.
Volunteers in N.Y. Begt., 186.
Church History, 186.
First Congregational Church,
187.
First Baptist Church, 142.
Protestant Episcopal Church,
144.
Methodist Episcopal Church,
146.
Second Baptist Church, 147.
Churoh History.
Chureh of the Disciples, 148.
Protestant Methodist Churoh,
149.
Mormonism, 160.
Freemasonry, 161.
Incorporated Manufacturing
Companies, 162.
Washington Benevolent Soeiety,
164.
Family Sketches, Alphabetical,
166.
Census of 1867, 267.
Appendix, 269.
Obituary of Deceased Sol-
diers, 269.
Cheese Factories, 269.
INTRODUCTION.
In the intervals of severe and exacting manual labor,
we have gathered the materials of this work, and collated
and grouped them together in their present form. Were
we to make pretensions to scholarship, the character of
this work would not invite its exercise.
Our aim has been to rescue from the fast thickening
mists of forgetfulness, and to release from the domain of
tradition such fragments of our early history as are not
already shrouded by the dark clouds of oblivion. And
judging that any history of the town would be incomplete
that did not come down to the present time, while we have
reached back to the earliest dawn of our existence, we
have followed the line of history to its latest period. Our
materials would have justified a more extended work, par-
ticularly in the department of Family Sketches, but we
judged, whether rightly or not, that sins of omission were
more pardonable than sins of commission. In our limited
acquaintance with local histories prepared by others, it has
not been our fortune to meet with one that commended
itself to our judgment as a model worthy of imitation.
Hence we were compelled to construct a plan of our own
which has at least the merit of novelty.
Instead of continuous narrative and detul of facts we have
served it up in instalments, grouping together in distinct
4 Pawlbt.
chapters the facts and statistics pertaining to each subject
embraced in the province of history. We are ourselves
better pleased with the plan than with its execution.
While the elderly lady or gentleman will turn over the
pages of this book to find some fact, or incident, or name only,
perhaps of some associate, friend, or loved one, who has
'' gone before,'' we look to the children of the present day,
and to their successors, whom the tide of time in coming
years, shall bring to the surface, to play their allotted parts
on the stage of life and retire behind the scenes, for a
proper appreciation of our labors.
The sentiment that inspired the poet who wrote This is
my own my native land, lies deep in every human breast,
and he is an exception, wherever his lot may be cast, whose
inmost soul does not thrill at the thoughts of home.
In the department of Family History we have taken a
wide range, and have brought under fire and levelled our
guns at six generations of our citizens with an occasional
shot over the border.
Some critics may think we are too minute in these
sketched, and others will wonder that so many facts of equal
interest are omitted. To Capt. Noah Gifford we acknow-
ledge our indebtedness for his efficiency in gathering mate-
rials for this department.
We have '* swung round the circle," and exhausted our
invention in the introduction and discussion of subjects
relevant to our purpose. But we forbear. Who ever reads
a preface ?
^ablet far ($ne |iunbreb gtErs.
TOPOGRAPHY.
This town is situated in the southwestern corner
of Rutland county, and has Wells on the north,
Danbv on the east, Rupert on the south, and Hebron
and Granville, N. T., on the west It is six miles
square and contains 28,040 acres. It lies in north
latitude 43^ and 28^ It took its name, we may
presume, from its principal river, which was spelled
by early writers Paulette and Paulet. It is divided
from north to south, nearly through its centre, by a
high range of mountains, which is flanked on the
west by an auxiliary range of less height, while on
the southeast it touches on Danby and Dorset moun-
tains. The mountains in the principal range are
known as South mountain, which extends into
Rupert, North mountain, extending into Wells,
Middle mountain, between that and Haystack, and
its most prominent mountain. Haystack.
This mountain rises abruptly towards the north
part of the town and nearly in its centre east and
west. It is accessible in carriages, within one
hundred rods of its summit, and has become a
favorite place of resort Prom its rock-crowned
summit, m a clear day, a prospect of surpassing
loveliness is presented. On the east are the Green
6 Pawlkt.
monntains, seen at intervals over an intermediate
range, the glory of the state, clothed in perennial
verdure whose frowning ramparts no enemy ever
scaled and whose rugged slopes the foot of slavery
never trod.
On the north, nearly at its foot, is Lake St. Austin,
on whose placid surface is photographed every leaf,
tree and feature of the overhanging clif&, with an
accuracy no artist need hope to rival. Farther
north lies Lake Bombazine, fronting the battle
OTOund of Hubbardton, the severest action ever
fought in the state.
In orthwest, in the blue of the far distance, rise
the snow-clad points of the Adirondac, at whose
base repose the ashes of John Brown, whose self-
sacrificmg devotion to his view of right and justice
was the initial step towards melting every fetter on
this continent, and whose spirit "marching on"
appears destined to remove tyranny and oppression
from the universe.
On the west are the mountains that encircle Lake
George and fringe the Sacandaga and the upper
Hudson.
Southwest are the mountains that skirt the valley
and plain of Saratoga, from whose bosom gush its
health-giving waters. On the south are the green
hills that environ the bloody field of Bennington,
through whose gateway many of our citizen soldiers
passed to their everlasting rest.
The limits here outlined embrace eminently
classic and historic ground. Here, more than a
century ago, the question of supremacy on this con-
tinent between France and England, and of the
ascendancy of the Protestant over the Romanist
was decided at the point of the bayonet. Here in
1777, at Saratoga, was fought the battle that virtu-
ToPOaBAPHT. T
ally decided tUe revolntionary question, as it opened^
the way for the recognition of our independence-
by France and secured its assistance in our struggle.
Here in 1814, on the waters of the Saranac and
the bosom of Ohamplain, the army of the enemy
was sent reeling back to Canada while its navy was
snugly moored m Whitehall harbor. Who of our
older citizens failed to visit that fleet the following:
winter ?
Lakes and rivers, mountains and valleys, fieldi
and forest lie intermingled in this grand panorama,
while dotted all over this broad landscape are thou-
sands of peaceful and luxurious homes.
The pnncipal river is the Pawlet or Mettowee,
which rising m Dorset and crossing the corner ot
Eupert winds its devious course diagonally through
this town, — like a silver thread wrought in eme-
rald, — ^to its ocean home.
Its principal tributaries are Flower brook, which
rising in Danby flows into it near the village, and
Indian river, which rising in Rupert bathes the
southern border of the town and joins it in Gran-
ville. Besides, it receives the waters of Lake St.
Austin and Wells brook, which enter it near the
northwest corner of the town. Water-power avail-
able for mills abound on all these streams. Springs
of the purest water are every where met with^ and
brooks and rivulets water every ravine and valley^
The surface of the town in its virgin state was
clothed with a luxuriant growth of forest trees. On
the alluvials grew the sycamore and the elm; ia
the swamps and marshes the hemlock, tamarac and
black ash, while on its hill sides and mountain
slopes flourished the pine, sugar maple, beech, birch,
several species of oak, etc. Its mountain heights ;
were crowned with spruce and cedar. The early
.8 Pawlbt.
settlers, thoughtless of the needs of this generation,
consigned to the log-heap niany a towering pine and
stately oak whose value if left to the present time
could scarcely be estimated. The soil of the town
partakes of all the different elements known to
feological science. While gravelly loam prepon-
erates, limestone, clay, slate and silex in all uieir
combinations every where abound. Hence it is
adapted to all the various fruits, grains, roots and
grasses of this latitude.
, The leading interest in the first fifty years was
the raising of grain and cattle for market. In pro-
cess of time grazing came more in vogue as less
exhaustive of the sou, and the dairy and sheep-fold
supplanted the grain-field. At present the tide sets
strongly in favor of the dairy and other branches of
husbandry are made subservient to it.
FIRST SETTLEMENT.
The town was granted to Jonathan Willard and
sixty-seven others by Governor Benning Went-
worth of New Hampshire, in a charter bearing date
August 26, 1761. It was substantially a free gift,
being coupled only with the following easy condi-
tions, to wit: "That each proprietor should plant
and cultivate five acres for each fifty acres he may
hold within five years from the date of the charter
on penalty of forfeiture of his right. That before
any division of land was made among the grantees
a tract of sixty-eight acres for town lots, as near the
centre of the town as possible, should be reserved,
and one acre should be allotted to each grantee ;
First Sbttlbmbnt. 9
the rent of which should be one ear of Indian corn
annually at Christmas. After the expiration of ten
years each proprietor was to pay the Crown one
shilling, proclamation money, annually, for each
hundred acres he might hold, or in that proportion,
forever."
The following reservations were also made : "To
his Excellency Benninff Wentworth a tract of land
containing five hundred acres, marked B. W. in the
plan ; one share for the incorporated Society for the
Propagation of the Gospel m Foreign Parts ; one
share for a Glebe for the Church of England ; one
share for the first settled Minister of the Gospel,
and one share for the benefit of schools in said
town."
Also there was a provision that all white and
other pine trees suitable for " masting the Royal
Navy" should be reserved for that use.
The revolution which took place soon after the
settlement of the town nullified all these provisions
of the charter, but did not have the effect to de-
prive the grantees of their rights.
But few of the grantees ever settled in town
or even visited it. Jonathan Willard came here in
1761 or 1762 and made some clearings. pTor a de-
tailed account see "Jonathan Wiilard."] The
proprietors in 1768 donated fifty acres to Simon
Burton as first settler, and thirty acres to William
Fairfield second settler, and twenty acres to
as third settler. The earliest records now known
bear date July 29, 1768, but they refer to prior re-
cords. At that meeting Reuben Harmon was mo-
derator and Simon Burton, clerk. The first allot-
ment of land was fifty acres to each proprietor.
This was followed in a few years by another and
still another allotment until all desirable land was
10 Pawlbt.
appropriated. There seems to have been no regu-
lar system of surveys, hence a great many gores
and parcels were left out to be afterwards appropri-
ated by him who should first locate them. We
find no record of the location of the sixty-eight
town lots.
The peculiar circupistances attending the settle-
ment and proprietorship of the town gave rise to a
class of speculators or land-jobbers, who buying of
the ori^nal grantees, many times for a nominal
sum, sold out to actual settlers at a heavy advance.
In fact the wild lands in this town cost the settler
an immoderate price, which being bought mostly
on time weighed heavily against the prosperity of
the town for many years. The average price was
«bout ten dollars per acre, but in some instances
thirty dollars were paid. We must bear in mind
that money was not then plentiful and was worth
three times as much as at the present time. A large
flhare of the town was settled in forty acre lots.
The troubles in New York which will be referred
to hereafter, ivas another, hindrance to the settle-
ment of the town. As there were double claimants
to the title to the soil timid bayers hesitated to invest.
In 1770 there were but nine families in town and the
progress of settlement was slow until after Bur-
igoyne was defeated at Saratoga, and what was left
•of the British forces were driven south of the Hud-
son. This together with the resolute stand taken
by Ethan Allen in withstanding the claims of New
York encouraged settlement and the town rapidly
illed up. Many soldiers of the revolution who in
the course of their service had visited the town,
were so pleased with it, that on their release from
the army they came directly here.
[11]
WAR.
Section 1 — French and Indian.
The war between England and France which was
waged in this vicinity was closed before the location
of the town, and tradition persistently fixes on In-
dian Kill in the west part of the town as the theatre
of bloody conflicts during that war or immediately
preceding it. The most commonly accepted ver-
sion of the tradition is that Gen. Putnam, while at
Fort Edward, was ordered to proceed to the east
and dislodge a force of French and Indians who
were lurking in the vicinity of Lake St. Austin,
which was a favorite fishing ground of the Indians.
This party encamped on Indian hill and fortified a
natural breastwork of rock and awaited the ap-
proach of the enemy whose camp fires were seen at
a distance. The enemy commenced the assault the
next day and a fierce battle ensued in which the
enemy at first had the advantage. Many were
killed, some on our side taken prisoners, but after-
wards retaken. The rock which . constituted their
breastwork is still shown and it is said several per-
sons were buried near it.
Several of our first settlers were in the French,
and Indian war, among whom were Daniel Branch,
David Willey and James Uran.
Section 2 — Revolutionary.
Our citizens sympathized with the other towns-
on the Grants in the controversy with New York;
but we have no distinct account of any organization
of a military force until 1777, when a military
station was in existence which was for a time a^
12 Pawlbt.
frontier post. When Burgojne came up from
Canada sweeping all before mm, most of the set-
tlers north of us fled to the south and some of our
citizens joined in the stampede. Most of them,
however, soon returned and the presence of such
gallant officers as Col. Warner and Col. Herriek
soon reassured them.
During this year (1777) Col. Herrick's famous
regiment of Rangers, the prototype of the whole
family of Rangers which have figured so largely in
our national historv, were organized here. They
were the terror or all the country round. They
" hung like a gathering cloud on his flank," as Bur-
goyne said in one of his despatches. They ob-
structed his advance by felling trees in Wood creek,
and rolling large stones in his path so that he was
compelled to cross Fort Ann mountain with his
heavy train of artillerv on a road then and now
almost impassable. They harrassed his rear, and
though, of course, unable to cope with him in battle,
they cut off his supplies and in a thousand wa^s
obstructed his march. We find it recorded in his-
tory that in " September, 1777, five hundred men
under Col. Brown were sent from Pawlet to attack
Ticonderoga, Mount Defiance and Mount Hope.
The work was accomplished by surprise, Sept. 18,
not losing a single man." Wnether these troops
were the same that constituted Col. Herrick's regi-
ment of Rangers does not clearly appear. Capt.
Parmalee Allen, son of Timothy Allen, commanded
one company of the Rangers, Capt. Ebenezer Allen,
the first settler in Poultney, commanded another.
The troops stationed in this town seem to have
been under the control of the Continental Congress,
but were paid by the Vermont Council of Safety,
the then government of the state. .
War. • 18
We extract from the records of Bennington the
following paper, which shows the sentiment of our
fathers on the question of slavery, and which might
serve in spirit and substance as a precedent for
President Lincoln's emancipation proclamation of
Jan. 1, 1863. We give it verbatim.
" Head Quarters, Pollbt, )
28th of November, 1777. j
- To whom it may concern Know ye that whereas
Dinah Mattis a negro woman with nancey her
Child of two months old was taken Prissnor on
Lake Champlain with the British troops Some
where near Col. Giliiner's Patten the twelfth day
of Instant November by a scout under my com-
mand, and according to a Resolve passed by the
Honorable Continental Congress that all Prisses
belong to the Captivators thereof I being conscien-
tious that it is not right in the sight of god to keep
Slaves I therefore obtaining leave of the Detach-
ment under my Command to give her and her
child their freedom I do therefore give the said
Dinah mattis and Nancey her child there freedom
to pass and repass any where through the United
States of America with her behaving as becometh
and to Trade and Traffic for her Self and Child
as though she was born free, without being Mol-
lested by any Person or Persons. In witness^
whereunto I have hereunto set my hand or sub^
scribed my name (signed) Ebenezkr Allen Oapi."
To show the spirit of the times, the way our
fathers managed before the organization of the'
state, and the part they took in the stirring events-
of that period, we annex a few extracts from thes
2
14 • Pawlw.
Journal of the "Council of Safety," which com-
mences the day before the battle of Bennington.
" State op Vermont, Bennington,
In Council of Safety, Aug. 16, 1777.
To Mrs. Simonds, Lanesboro :
Madam — ^Please to send bv the bearer, Jedediah
Eeed, six or seven pounds of Lead by Col. Simonds
order. By order of Council
Paul Spoonbr, D. Sec. -
In Council of Safety, SepL 6, 1777.
To Capt. William Fitch :
' Sir — ^You are hereby directed to deliver to Capt.
Goodnough the bearer two sides of Leather out of
Marshs fatts and out of his leather taking his receipt
for the Same after appraisal.
By order of Council.
Ira Allen, Sec.
In Council of Safety, 19th of Sept 1777.
To Capt. William Pitch :
Sir — Whereas Mr. Timothy Mead has some days
past made application to this Council to take thirteen
sheep out of Tory flock in Arlington in lieu of that
numoer which he lost — this Council positively or-
ders that none be delivered uptil further evidence
can be had. I am your humble servant.
By order of Council. Jos. Pay, Sec.
In Council of Safety, Sept 24, 1777.
To Captain Nathan Smith :
Sir — You are hereby required to march with
the men under your command, to Paulett on horse-
back where you wi\\ apply to Col. Simonds for a
War. ' 16
horse load of flour to each man and horse, you
will furnish bags sufficient for such purpose. By
order of OounciK
Thomas Ohittbndbn, Pres.
To Oapt. Ebenezer Wood:
Sir — You are hereby required to take the charge
of the men, horses and bags, ordered from this town
and proceed without one minutes loss of time, to
Paulett where you will apply to Col. Benjamin
Simonds for a load of flour for each horse, and
proceed to Gen. Warner with the same, if Col.
oimonds shall think proper. When you return
YOU are to take especial care that the horses and
bags be returned to their proper owners. )
Joseph Fay, JSecy.
In Council of Safety, Sept. 24, 1777.
In consequence of a letter received from Col.
Benjamin Simonds, for horses to forward flour to
the relief of Gen. Warner at Tycondero^a we
have granted warrants to procure them with all
expedition. By order of Council Jos. Fay, Sec.
In Council of Safety, Bennington, Aug. 26, 1777.
To Adjutant Elisha Clark:
You are hereby required to make returns of the '
names and number of the officers, non-commissioned
officers and soldiers belonging to Col. Samuel Her-
rick's Regiment of Rangers, already raised within
this state for the defence thereof, to Ebenezer Wal-
bridge at Arlington at 10 o'clock of the morning of
the 28th inst. Of this you are not to fail.
By order of Council.
Thomas Chittenden, President.
Attest Ira Allen Sec.
16 Pawlbt.
In CouDoil of Safety, 26tb September, VJll.
To Mr. Wright and other Teams in Company you
are to repair from this to Paulet, with your teams,
thereto apply to the commanding officer or Lt. Hyde
to be loaded with plunder belonging to Col. Brown,
and return with the same, and deliver it safe to this
Council. By order of Council. Joseph Fay, Sec.
In Council, Bennington, Oct. 8, 1777.
. , Paulett:
Sir — This Council are informed that you are
found, since you passed examination before us with
Arms and ammunition secreted which gives the in-
ibabitants great uneasiness ; and nothing short of
jour making immediate satisfaction to this Council,
will prevent your beinff ordered immediately to
remove whicji must be done forthwith.
By order of Council. Jos. Fay, Sec.
P. S. — If you can satisfy the inhabitants and
obtain their liberty you may remain until further
orders. Jos. Fay.
In Council of Safety, 10th Feb. 1778.
This Council having been taken under consider-
fition the complaint of Capt. Zadoc Everest of
Paulett, in behalf of the United States of America,
against . , for enemical conduct to the
United States having examined the evidence and
every attending circumstance relative thereto and
after seriously deliberating thereon do judge and
order that the said . , pay thirty pounds
lawful money as a fine for the use of this state and
f)ay all reasonable charges of trial, and stand com-
mitted until this j udffment be complied with. Costs
Jtaxed 16 pounds 8 shillings.
By order of Council.
Thomas Chittenden, Pres.
War. it
Received Feb. 11, the cost of the above suit 16'
pounds 8 shillings, and 21 pounds 14 shillings oih
the above judgment. ^ Jos. FaYj &cy.
18 pounds 6 shillings received by me.
Thomas Chittenden.
The above extracts will convey an idea of the-
manner of doing business by this anomalous and
most singular body, who exercised all the functions-
of government, executive, legislative and judicial..
Their reference to several prominent early settlers^
of the town will give additional interest to these-
extracts.
It will be borne in mind that at this period of
our history, the settlers of this town in commooi
with all the other towns in the state, in addition
to the war with England — the common enemy —
were involved in a bitter quarrel with the state
of New York. That state claimed not only juriS"
dkiion over the people of this territory but the-
absolute title to tne soil.
Our fathers who had acquired a title to the soil'
from the royal governor of New Hampshire, and
who had cleared much of it, built houses, planted
orchards and were beginning to enjoy the fruit of
their toils and privations, could not seethe propriety
of being summarily dispossessed of all, and com-
pelled to abandon their homes, or pay for them,
over again. Hence under the leadership of Ethan
Allen and his patriotic compeers, under the general
direction of the Council of Safety, they repelled
every effort of the New Yorkers to gain a foothold
on our soil, and triumphantly maintained their
position until 1791, when they were admitted into
the Union as an independent state. What thanks
do we not owe to our gallant fathers, who per-
18 Pawlbt.
sistently refused to become a mere mountain ap-
pendage to the empire state. Had Vermont been
absorbed in New York the "Star that never sets "
would have never risen, and the world would have
lost the example of the most chivalrous and
patriotic communitv found in any ago or country.
While engaged with the common enemy, and with
New York, their most dangerous foes, against
whom they were the most highly incensed, were
the tories within their own midst. While they ap-
Slied with *' Twigs of the wilderness '* the " Beech
eal " to the naked backs of intruding New York-
ers, they hung the tories convicted of ** enemical "
conduct to the nearest tree. We may be pardoned
for alluding to one instance. One David Redding
had been convicted by a jury of six persons of ** ene-
mical" conduct toward the people of the state, and
was sentenced to be hung. He applied to the
late John Burnham of Middletown, to interfere
in his behalf on the ground that according to
Blackstone no number of jurors less than twelve,
could lawfully convict a criminal. The day of exe-
cution came and with it came an order from the
Council of Safety to suspend the execution. The
people, clamorous for his blood, were about 16 pro-
ceed to hang him, notwithstanding, when Ethan
Allen, who had just returned from his captivity sud-
denly made his appearance, mounted a stump and
exclaimed, " Attention ! the whole ! " He then
informed the people that the execution of Redding
was postponed until the next Thursday, and if. they
would wait peaceably till that time they should
see somebody hung, for if Redding was not hung
he would be hung himself. During the interim a
new trial was had when he was convicted by twelve
jurymen, and at the appointed time Redding was
Wkr. 19
placed in a cart with one end of a rope fastened
around Us neck and the other fastened to the limb
of a tree. Redding, then, beinff allowed to speak,
commenced giving good counsel and advice to the
crowd, not to war against the state, but conduct
themselves as good and loyal citizens, when the
impatient assembl v cried out, " Go to H with
your advice, dfrive ou the cart."
Notwithstanding our home difficulties, Vermont
was ever ready to cooperate with New York and
the other states against the common adversary.
When Gen. Burgoyne started his first detachment .
on a raid on the stores at Bennington, they en-
trenched themselves in a camp a few miles distant
and waited for a reinforcement before attacking
Gen. Stark. Stark also awaited asistance from CoL
Warner who was rallying the Vermonters. Stark
hearing of the approach of the Hessians resolved to
attack the enemy in his entrenchments before assist-
ance came on either side. After a bloodjj conflict
he succeeded in dislodging and capturing most
of the Hessian forces. At this crisis the reinforce-
ments on either side simultaneously appeared on
the field when the conflict was renewed with a
triumphant victory for our side. Quite a number of
our townsmen were in this battle. This was the first
effectual check Burgoyne had received, and it led in
a few weeks to his complete overthrow at Saratoga.
With the defeat of Burgoyne the war was chiefly
ended on the northern frontier, though scouting
parties mostly in pursuit of plunder found eihploy-
ment all through the year. This plunder^ as we
have before seen, was brought to this town, subject
to the disposal of the Council of Safety.
The property of the tories was sequestrated, and
many of them sent off to Canada.
20 Pawlbt.
During the latter years of the war, and at its
close there was a larse influx of settlers in this town,
many of them fresh from the battlefield. Over
seventy revolutionary soldiers came to this town,
the most of them remaining till their death.
Their longevity shows them to have been men of
the highest physical and moral stamina, and the cur-
rent notion that war demoralizes its votaries is
hardly verified in their case. They, as a class, were
distinffuished for industry, thrift and enterprise, and
though the fires of the revolution had consumed
their substance and " tried their souls " nearly all
of them succeeded in establishing a home and ac-
quiring a competence.
Annexed is a list of revolutionary soldiers who
settled in this town, with the rank, and the age and
year of decease, of each one so far as we have been
able to ascertain. A few of them drew pensions
under the act of congress, 1818, and of those who
survived until 1832, nearly all drew pensions. A
few widows of those deceased also drew pensions,
but not generally :
Age. Tear. Age. Year.
Gideon Adams, 84 1837 SilasJonet, 68
Joseph Adams, Natbau M. Loansburj, 100
JohnAUen, .....91 1863 James Leaoh, 76 1886
Nehemiah Allen, 87 1863 Jhdah Moffltt 93 1863
Timothy Allen, jr., 74 1834 CaptJosiah Monroe,.. 84 1846
Gen. Blisha Ayerill, 67 1831 Simeon Pepper 68 1831
LientLemnel Harden,.. 81 1889 MaJ. Moses Porter,.... 66 1808
Aaron Bennett, 96 1849 Gapt. William Potter,.
Roswell Dennett, Gapt. James Pratt, .... 03 1864
Samnel Bennett, Gapt. Saronel Pratt, ... 80
Christopher Billings, . . . Josiah Priest,
Selah Betts, 68 1836 Jedediah Reed, ;.
David Blakely, ..73 1831 Simeon Reed, ....84 1840
Daniel Branch, 86 1833^ John Risdon,
Ebenezer Broughton, . . . . George Rush, 110 1814
Elijah Brown, 77 1836 Gapt. John Stark,
Nathaniel Carver, 63 1804 Peter Stevens, 80 1838
Oliver ChurohiU, Samuel Stratton, 69 1836
Gol. Elisha Glark, Gapt. Nath'l Robinson, 89 1841
RobertGpz, Daniel Risdon,
Wab. 21
Age. Year. Age. Year.
Asa Denison, 60 tSlO Abel Robinson,
Gapt JedediahBdgerton, 88 1848 Bphraim Robinson 83 1838
Jaoob Edgerton 84 1849 Blohard Robinson, ... . 75 1838
Capt. Simeon Bdgerton,. 77 1809 Col. John Sargeant, ... 83 1843
AblatharByans, ...89 1831 Jacob Sjkes, 83 1843
Col. William Pitch 48 1785 Lient EUel Todd,
Gideon Gifford, 60 James Uran, .... «
Ebenezer Giles, 78 1838 Seth Yiets, .....86 1833
Gould, Isaac Reed, 83
Ezekiel Harmon, 80 1831 Lieut Daniel Welch,.. 78 1837
NatbanielHlll, 77 1830 Nathan Williams, 68 1819
Asbbel Hollister, 81 1840 David Willej,
Lient Elijah Hollister,.. 86 1844 Andrew Winchester,.. 66 1837
Berg. Innett Hollister,.. 83 ld44 John Wiseman, 60 1815
Oapt James Hopkins,... 83 1830 David Wood, 87 1836
Daniel Unlett, 90 1838 Henry Wooster, 80 1830
Balkley Hatohins, 85 1860
. The War 0/1812.
In 1812, after thirty years of peace and general
prosperity, our citizens were again called to con-
front England, their ancient enemy. True sons of
patriotic sires, they did not hesitate to take up arms,
to maintain the liberty and independence their
fathers had won. We have it by tradition that two
companies of uniformed militia, the Light Infantry
and Light Artillery, volunteered to take the field, but
were not called out.
"We annex a list of those who entered the service
so far as we can ascertain, with their rank, viz :
Phineas Armstrong, Luther Arnold, Uriah Ben-
. nett, SethBond, John Brown, John Carver, Col. Au-
?ustus Cleveland, Serg. Elisha Clark, Capt. Willard
lobb, John Conant, Lieut. Amos Galusha, Zenas
Goodspeed, Capt. Noah Qifford, Sere. Lorin Ham-
blin, Amasa Hancock, Jarvis Hanks, Maj. Joel
Harmon, Lieut. Lebbeus Hascall, Saftbrd Hascall,
Nathan Hutchins, Benjamin Hutchins, Timothy
Fisher, Huffh Montgomery, Charles Pelton, Serg.
Elisha Smitn, Lisemore Smith, Simon Smith, Asa
Stevens, William Stevens, Lieut. Eetum Strong,
22 Pawlbt,
Festus Thompson, David Wait, Walter Welch,
Aaron Willard, Lemuel Willard, Silas Willard,
Luther B. Wood, Timothy Wood.
Section 4.
The Mexican war of 1846 made but slight drafts
on our sympathy or military spirit, and we have
only to record tne following names of those who
enlisted : Jamon Preston, and Return Strong.
Section 5, War of 1861, to 1865.
Come we now to the great civil war of 1861-36,
maintained on our part to preserve the union of the
states, and the national life. To the requisition of
the President of the United States in April, 1861,
for 75,000 men, one regiment of which force was
assigned to this state, George S. Orr, Moses E. Orr,
and Charles Barrett, were the first to respond, who
enlisted in the First Vermont for three months. To
all subsequent calls by the government this town
has promptly responded and left off in 1865, with
an excess of eight men over and above all calls.
We have been represented in nearly every regiment
and battery raised in the state, and in several regi-
ments of other states, and on nearly every battle-
field of the war. Several of our soldiers have been
in over thirty pitched battles, besides innumerable
skirmishes. We give in the annexed tables the
following particulars in reference to all our soldiers
so far as attainable, to wit : name, age at time of
enlistment, company, regiment, state, date of en-
listment, rank, term of enlistment, bounties, reen-
listments, those who paid commutations, those who
fiimished substitutes and natives of the town, with
their fathers' names who enlisted in other states.
War.
28
Names of Soldiers.
Vnme of Soltllcr*
JobD Adnmif ^««
Mkhncl Asfftn, ,
Thnmn? A^n,.. ..,..,.
Mich no I Axifiiiu Sil ciiUnUnH
iBaac Jf . AlcxmidcTi ^ , . «
AmoaW. tlubbiU
John lil^bbUt.......
2d enUnMn^iit,.**. .
KeirVttC. Barrett^
John It Black ,..
Hobcrt Block
A, JutlflOD Blakol J, .,.,
"WUllfi W. Dctti,
Wm.H. BcMlngt ,,
2d enlt#tmoti(,..^,.,
HLmm Blonftotrif...^.. .
Sd cnlLpl.moiiL,^^.. ,
Andrew J. Blcswon,,.. .
l^obleC. B<iHtwkte
ad cnJi&tmciit,., ...
Eojfll K. Bofliwlck,... .
M enlistment,., ,*.
CliirloFi W, Bosirn,..., ,
Thomju' 1UirrtJMj[;bi,^*,,
PavLdM. Bumnii
Leroy S. Bimhoti, ».*..,
Orlando Biie^ifHt, , «
John Bum?,
&ylvefll.erBarn»iP....*»
WllJRrd ComHtock, . . , . ,
Abrain Cupcu, — ,..,,
Jpjude CavniiAUgh,^ . ^ , ^ .
Peter CflHtlc^ .....*,„,,
Jolin Cfinliu^
Jobn Crtiwfurd^ ,
Sllcbacl <Jrnwley^^ , , ,^ ,
iJLmunn S. Conk, *
lleinyW.CIivrk
Mjycs II. I>olonp,
Bd^^drd BonLmlly, . . h, . .
BdwAnI Uurttng^ .......
Jobn Fish,..., .^ .«.^..
ad eaUatiii«iit| , . . . ,
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Pawlkt,
Names of &)ldier8 — Continued.
NaoiA or Soldier.
n
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Jobn Tagarij^
Willium Duncan^ „,..
John M^ Friiabee
Bobert Gullup^
JuocB K. Gibbflr, .„,»
Japi^ia Qlbiioa. ,
WSITOU GlffOT<1,
JoH«ph GravUn. . . , . ^ .
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Ocorge Grean
Alonzo V. Qnildurt....
Wulliii^aV. Guilder,...
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OQorj;e G. Hank^, ..,..
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Fmulc Sr IlankSf
FrwiKiU TJ. ICjitnmoniJ,
JaetiiiiW. IlarwcMid, .>
Edmund Ilii^lcd,^
Uriel R. liny ward,
Francl* 3. Hull biter,..
Albert E, IlolllBeorv..
IH cnlUtmcDt, . , . .
Willi B H. Holliater,...
Sewdl F. Boward, . , .
Jameii Hoy, . .........
■Wfttf^ijE. lluktt,
CheaiLT O. llulott,.,..
Cbflrlifii B. Hyda
Julm O. lliimpbroy,...
Gcorgu Jobiiuun, ^. . . ^ .
Jobu G. JobnBon, . » . . «
AIbou L. KltchuL.....
Oharltja Mh Klngflky,..
3d etnliutnieiit,^. ..
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lltinry S. Lfttho,.,
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25
Names of Soldiers — Continued.
Nuneot Soldier.
ea
Geoffio Manning ,,
Frank] Iij S. McAtthur,,
JodI a, Miiauiif „ ^ ,
— - ■ ' - MiiM{>rit ^ ,
Jubn AluUnU.li
Sd i-'hllHlinonL.....
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'4.\\ «iilli*tiucfnt,,,,.,
Jiimci* >1cUml Ik ..„,,,
Wlllinin Kdvla
'X'hoiuiia MeKiMiao,^,. »
Edward McKeiuiii,H,..,
. BjLT^niiiD McVVAin^
Qd cnlfiaLrnQUt, .,,^
IjemucI MtHjrtj, .»*,,<*
Aiw L. Mourirje, ,^
Athcrtirti Munroe* .« . . .
Jamc!ifl Murphy^^ .,^
8- O. A. AlsiijiCt,
Bamuci W. NbIboh, . , . ,
Edward Nvtf, ..,..*....
Calvin 8. WkholH,
George a. Orr, . * *
»d cnllfLtmon t,^ « . . , «
Hoiee K. Orr,. . . . ^ . « . .^ >
%d GtiliBtiiicntf :
BciTAcctT. Orr
Ttiomofl^ NiJwUjn,. ......
lilGrrItt U. l*jirrlH, ..,.,.,
l#cvl ratturaon^ , ♦ .* . h * ■ ■
EutmTt FeriiAui^ ........
M cnlistJUCMit, , ^ , . , .
Ucrtitt Forimm, » *
John i'tiutonj,
Keyee I'oLtur^ * , «
Corvin Ilflcd^ ;...,.
^ %\ ciiUeitiiiantf
Charlue Riia^c^li, : .
Ejbrldgt! J, lEecd,. ......
John Scutt, ....*,,,**,.,
Clmi'lcft U. Scott
lilcbard titjott. , » » «
ErMlwH Scovlll,
Oliver L. Sunrjo,.,,...,,
Amyil U. Sciirb,
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Pawlbt.
Names of Soldiers — Ooniinited.
l^mme ot Soldlor,
^1
U&nia Smith.
O, Judaon Siiuthf ..\
JamQe Bh^r^dtin,
^Biuuii H. Siuitli
John SinilLif
^atban Spauldlnf ,
Btiiijiimlu Ih Kdyjiils,
AuHtlaTaft
CiuirluH Ph I'nylQr^
Oecji^^u W. I^ylor,
Cyrus P, Taylor,
Chliminn 1. Taby*
Cbnrlee W, Toivslco, , . . .
WlUJiiin Town, ....\.,h..
Henfj Tawnlue, .*_.....
Henry H. TboiniiSOlli...,
Cheater M. Vail, .......
M cfnlliitmi^nt, ,
GflOTgB M. Warren, ,,....
Ira C, Wurron, ,.,,,,.
^ tinU^tmcut........
Dajif tl D. Wuri-eui . -..,,.
John Warruu, .._...,,...
Btlwin L. WfttcrB, . . . . . ^ .
WlllimnC. Weukfl.......
BtiiO^iiD P- Wheeler, ...
John Wbcolor. ...,.,,..
JaratiB W. Wblte, .......
AhlriiK WcKtil,
WUIUmll. Wijod,
Btupbtiii Wood,
Wlliard WtitKl,
Harthi \\ Wo<xl,
Doiiry 0. WutnU^. .......
All Clin tnft L, Wil^hL
Etubun il. Willltiui*, ....
Gt)ur]|0 WliLtiiiniB. ,.,,..,
John U. WilkiuM,
Sid enlLal-metit,.,...,,
MDBtiti E. Wbcckr. ......
John WiJliflniB..........
innknown Mim, ..........
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vt,
Vt.
vt,
vt.
vt.
vt.
vt.
vt.
vt.
Ang. SI, 'riQ
Ang. S7, '(ta
Aug. 37, 'es
D«cL tia, 'm
Not. 80, '133
June 7, 'fi3
Mar. ]a, "01
Aug. sr:, ^02
May 0, 'm
Nov, Ifi, '01
Awg. S7, '03
Dec. 30, 'Oa
Dec. S3, '63
Aug. Sfj '64
Dec. 0, *01
Feb. 11, 'M
Nov. 16, 'Ul
Sept. ia,'fli
Doc. £u;'03
Nov. lU, *01
OS
9mn £115
9mo ^"^
StiiJ.
Qmo
3 yis
3 ye
a ys
8ya ?5O0
S yd "^
Ut[iu
yfl
*i^:
Seij
B6[j.
BOTJ.
Corp.
Aag. 11,
Ang. 27,
Aug. S),
Any, SO,
Sunt. 10,
Aug. 37,
rtiig. 27,
Aug. 30, m
Aug. », 'fla
Aug. 10, 'li3i'
May 0, '01
Ang. fiS, 'ai
Autf . 28, 'oa
Aug. ]6,^01 Corp.
Dec, 16. '03
Dec. 1, %
Capt.
lOQ
no
500
aoo
700
100
Otno
3 ys
ya
l^'
3 ye
3 JM
^ yn
S ys
3 yN
3 ys
3 ye
Omo
3 yu
3 ya
3 yti
Ouio
Omo
3 y*
a y^ 100
3 ytt
3 yu
3 ya
3 ya
3 ye
3 ya
3 ya
3yfl
100
600
EOO
736
200
900
100
160
160
160
600
aoo
835
BOO
Wab. 21
The following named persons who were drafted
in August, 1863, furnished substitutes usually at
the cost of three hundred dollars each : James McD.
Andrus, Reuben Dillingham, Jesse C. Gray, Jacob
McFadden and Charles H. Russell. Leonard John-
son, who was not drafted put in a substitute at an
expense of 175 dollars.
The following persons who were drafted in
August, 1868, paid commutation each, 300 dollars :
Seth E. Culver,, Ogden Fisher, Levi Hanks,
Frederick M. Ilollister, Levi Parris, Michael Quin-
land, Warren Rice and Joel S. Wilcox.
The following persons, natives of the town
enlisted in this and other states :
Name of soldier. Name of soldier^e fiither. Remarks.
Francis Bigart, James Bigart, New York.
Charles D. Castle, Tracy Castle, ..... Wells.
Albert Culver, Erastus Culver,. . . . Pawlet.
Capt. William G. Eilgcrton,. . Jacob Ed^erton,. . . Rutland.
Lieut Charles M.Edgcrton,.. George EcTcerton,. . Wathiugford.
Lt Rollin A. Edgerton Marson Edgerton,^ Ohio.
Ira Foster, Gilmore Foster,. . . New York.
Milton H. Hanks,. Isaac Hanks, Wisconsin.
Franklin HoUister, Innis HoUister, . . . Illinois.
Frank Jones, Ephraim Jones,. . . . Rupert.
Owen Loomis, Gideon A. Loomis, . Minn.
Michael Hoy, Jr., Michael Hoy,
Luther Moflltt, Alvin Moflltt,
Hiram Moflltt, Alvin Moflltt,
Ashbel H. Pepper, Simeon Pepper,. . . . Castlcton.
James B. Robmson Denzill F. Robinson, Hliuois.
Nathaniel Hollis Robinson,. . David Robinson, . . . Illinois.
Edward H. Robinson, Denzill F. Robinson, Illinois.
Surg. Justin F. Simonds,. . . . Joel Simonds, Iowa.
David H. Smith, Ephraim Smith, Illinois.
Samuel Snell, John Snell,
John Steams, Jr., John Steams, Kansas.
James W. Strong, Martin D. Strong,. . Jlichigan.
Thomas J. Strong, John Strong, New York.
Horace Taylor, Sylvester Taylor, . . Ohio.
William Taylor, Sylvester Taylor, .. . Ohio.
Warren Wickham, William Wickham,. N. Y.
Leroy D. McWain, Elhanan McWain,. . Illinois.
Nathaniel McWain, Elhanan McWain,. . Illinois.
[28]
OBITUARY OF DECEASED SOLDIERS.
As time wears away and the turmoil and ex-
citement engendered by war abates, the thought-
ful mind appreciates more and more the sacrifices
made by our volunteer soldiers, and laid upon the
«ltar of our country, in leaving their business, their
families and homes to endure cold and hunger,
•disease and fatigue, and to put to extreme peril
even their lives. What though the sacrifice of life
was not accepted, it detracts not from the merit of
the oftering. We cannot cancel the obligations we
owe them. All we can do is. to enshrine them in
•our hearts and embalm them in our memories.
We append a notice of those who gave their lives
±0 their country :
Noble C.. Bostwiok, son of Heniy Bostwick,
•enlisted for three years, in Co. E, 5th V t. regiment,
Auff. 15, 1861, and held the position of» sergeant.
Before the expiration of his term of service he re-
enlisted, Dec. 15, 1868, and was killed at the bloody
•confiict at Cold Harbor, June 1, 1864, aged 28.
Charles Barrett, son of Elijah Barrett, enlisted
for 3 months in Co. K, 1st Vt. regiment. After
the expiration of his terra of service, he again en-
listed in Co. K, 12th Vt. regiment, August 8,
1862, and died at Alexandria, Va., May 10, 1868,
Aged 27.
Merritt C. Barrett, son of Elijah Barrett, en-
Jisted Sept., 1861, in Co. H, 1st Vt. cavalry. He
was with his . regiment in all their daring and per*
ilous campaigns until taken prisoner in August,
1862. He was severely wounded before he was taken
prisoner, and died soon after at the age of 20.
Dboeasbb Soldiers. 29
Simeon E. Cook, only child of Erasmus D. Cook^
enlisted May 12th, 1862, in Co. C, 11th Vt. heavy
artilleryf While his regiment was stationed at
Arlington Heights, Va., he fell a victim to disease,
Auff. 8, 1868, aged 19. He was the pride and hope
of his patriotic parents, who submitted to their
loss with a cheerful acquiescence in the will of
Heaven. His remains were brought home for
interment.
Gborgb G. Hanks, son of Galusha Hanks, enlistedl
Feb. 7, 1862, in Co. I, 7th Vt. regiment. He
•went south with his regiment and died at New
Orleans, Oct. 2, 1862, aged 17.
Sbldbn a. Hall, son of Daniel H. Hall, enlistedl
Aug. 22, 1861, inCo. E, 5th Vt. regiment and died
Jan. 16, 1862, aged 19. We well remember the^
joy and satisfaction manifested by his parents, who-
called at bur house on the way to the depot in
sending to their soldier boy a choice box of stores^
prepared by his: mother's own hand, which only
reached him on the day of his death. His remains*
were brought home for interment.
Gborgb Johnson enlisted Aug. 3, 1863, in Co..
M, 11th Vt. regiment, and died in hospital, June
16, 1864, aged 26.
Lieut. John G. Johnson enlisted for three years
in Co. G, 96th N. Y. reffiment, was killed at Cold
Harbor, June 3, 1864. He was a man of uncommon
ability and intelligence.
Franklin S. MoArthur, step-son of Silas Shel-
don, enlisted in Co. I, 7th Vt. regiment. He sur-
vived but a few months, falling a victim to the
unheathiness of the climate.
MiCHABL MoBrinn, SOU of Jamcs McBrinn, en-
listed in the 169th N. Y regiment, and was killed
at Cold Harbor, June 1, 1864. We are glad to
80 Pawlbt,
record that his deserving mother receives a
pension.
Jambs MoGrath, son of Daniel McGrath, was in
the naval service, and died at Chelsea Hospital,
Boston, in 1865. His remains were brought home
for interment.
Thomas C. Moshbr enlisted in Co. D, 7th Vt.
regiment, Dec. 10, 1861, and died Nov. 2, 1862,
aged 80. He married Clarissa, a daughter of "Wm.
B. Robinson, who receives a pension.
AsaL. Monroe, son of Atherton Monroe, enlisted
for three years in Co. L, 11th Vt. regiment, was
taken prisoner, and died at Anderson ville, Ga.,
June 24, 1864, aged 19.
Francis Murray, a native of Canada, enlisted
Aug. 24, 1862, for three years in Coi E, 6th Vt.
regiment. He was instantly killed in a skirmish
at Funkstown, Md., July 10, 1868. He was the
.first soldier killed from this town. He married
Maria, daughter of Daniel B. Gould, who receives
a pension.
Martin P. Wood, son of Luther B. Wood, en-
listed for three years, Aug. 2, 1802, in Co. B, 2d
Vt. regiment. He was instantly killed at Spott-
sylvania, Va., May 12, 1864, aged 27 years. His
widow receives a pension.
WiLLARD Wood from Danby, enlisted in Co. C,
10th Vt. regiment, for three years. He was drowned
at Whitesford, Md., May 7, 1868, aged 19.
Augustus L. Wright, son of William Wright,
enlisted for threeyears, Aug. 22, 1861, in Co. E, 6th
Vt. regiment. Ble died November 6, 1861, aged 22.
Charles P. Taylor, son of Samuel Taylor, Jr.,
enlisted in Co. B, 14th Vt. regiment, and held the
position of sergeant. He died of measles, April
10, 1868, aged 26. He was thorough and energetic
War Bbvcbw. ^ 81
in recruiting his company, and was held in the
highest esteem. His remains were brought home
for interment.
Gborgb "W*. Taylor, son of Samuel Taylor, Jr.,
enlisted for three years in Co. B, 2d Vt regiment.
He died at Washington city, Sept. 17, 1861, aced 21.
He was the first soldier from this town who died in
the service.
REVIEW OF OUR WARS.
During the period of little more than one hundred
years, our citizens, in common with those of the
state, and in most instances of the nation, have been
involved in several bloody and destructive wars.
We are not of the class that consider war an un-
mixed evil. In the present undeveloped stage of
human societv, it seems a necessary incident. We
regard it in the light of a medicine, which, though
bitter and repulsive to the taste, is used to remove
evils greater than itself. As fever is not disease,
but an effort of nature to expel disease from the
system, so our wars have been an effort of our
people to eradicate evils that could be reached by
no other agency. The first war, in which some of
our citizens were engaged, was prior to the settle-
ment of the town from 1756 to 1760, and was called
the French and Indian war. This war raged
. with relentless fury on our immediate frontier. As
the fruits of it we were released from the debasing
thraldom of French Catholic rule ; we were saved
from becoming a community of Canucks ; we were
saved from becoming what Canada East now is,
«2 , Pawlbt.
and has \ieen for one hundred years. 'Kext in our bor-
der war with New York froni 176410 1790, we saved
ourselves froni bein^ trodden down by haughty land-
lords, and beingmadel serft on the soil we had bouffht
and paid for. This war came right home to our bo-
soms andpockets, and itwasw:ar alone that saved us.
Next, and with it, came the revolutionary struggle
from 1775 to 1788. England, instead of fostering
our interests and helping us to a fair start in the
world, as a kind mother would have done, played
the tyrant towards us, and sought to keep us tribu-
tarv to her, imposing taxation \yithout our consent,
and in various ways seeking to degrade and impo«
verish us. Petitions for redress of grievances and
remonstrances against her policy, beinff alike una-
vailing we had recourse to war. "We fpuffht her.;
we threw qff her shackles and rose to the (Kgnity of
an independent nation, a position we have since
maintained. Next came the war of 1812 to 1816.
England denied us the exercise of the right and
duty of every nation — the right to protect and
defend our own citizens, including those who had
become such by our naturalization laws. We
could not stand it; we pitched into our arrogant
old mother, and if we dia nothing more we showed
the world that we could fight.
Next came the war with Mexico in 1846 to 1848.
Our citizens did not generally concur in the neces-
sity or propriety of this war. Many of us thought
it beneath our dignity to invade a weak and feeble
neighbor, cherishing similar institutions to our own.
But the government was then controlled by slave-
holders, who, envious of the rapid growth of the
north, desired the acquisition of more southern
territory in which to extend their pet institution,
and thus maintain the balance of power.
Wab, RbVIbw. 88
In this movement, they overshot the mark, for
though a large extent of territory was acquired,
the larger portion was consecrated to freedom. On
the principle, that " the end sanctifies the means/*
the result of this was most auspicious. An im«
inense territory, rich in the precious metals -^ rich
in its capabilities to sustaiti a dense population, was
added to our national domain. These resources^
instead of remaininff in the hands of a few roving
bands of Indians, undeveloped and unapplied, have
been made subservient to the interests of this coun-
try and the civilized world. Populous states and
cities are springing up as if by ma^c all over this
vast domam. The acquisition and settlement of
California, Nevada and the other states is a more
momentous event than the discovery of America
and its settlement by European nations, and will
tell more on the progress of civilization and the
good of the human race.
Next, as to the various Indian wars in which we
have been involved, though we cannot justify the
course of our government towards the natives in
all respects, we are not of the school of philanthro-
pists that consider the white man an intruder on
this continent. " The earth is the Lord's and the
fullness thereof," and mankind can have only a
lease of it. When the red man failed to fulfill the
conditions of his lease, " to replenish the earth and
subdue it," he forfeited his title to it. So in the
language of Dr. Watts.
"Where nothing dwelt, but beasts of prey, '
And men, more fierce and wild than they.
He bids the poor and oppressed repair.
And build them towns and cities there./'
And in our last crowning effort of arms, from
1861 to 1865, we have vindicated 6ur pretensions
84 Pawlbt.
to be a nation and not a mere aggregation of states,
held together by a rope of sand, and have achieved
by force of arms what the philanthropy and Christi-
anity of the nation, for two hundred years had
failed to accomplish — the freedom of every human
being on this continent. If these millions of freed-
men, after a fair opportunity, fail to stand the test of
civilization let them too stand aside. We cannot
deem it necessary that the Indian or the African, or
any other particular race should inhabit the earth,
and if they cannot, orwill not, come up to the stand-
ard of their opportunities let them pass away. So
if the master who has lived all his days on the un-
paid toil of servants cannot " cut his own fodder "
let him stand aside, and if the servant, who has
hitherto supported both himself and his master after
a fair opportunity granted, cannot sustain himself, let
him follow suit. It is not necessary, perhaps, to the
world that any man or nation should continue to
exist, but it is necessary for the good of the world,
that no obstacles be placed in the path of improve-
ment, and no brakes put on the car of progress.
LOCAL MILITIA.
The revolutionary struggle, our critical relations
to New York, the constant apprehensions of inva-
sions from Canada, and the occasional necessity of
putting down domestic insurrections, seem to have
imbued our fathers with a thorough military spirit
from the first settlement of the town. Perhaps no
town in the state was more active in organizing
uniformed military companies than this. There
were organized and maintained for a long period.
Local Militia. 85
four uniformed companies besides the standing com-
pany.
We propose to notice each of them separately
and annex a list of their captains.
Cavalry.
A cavalry company was in existence here before
the close of the revolution, but we have no data
from which to determine the precise time of its
orffanization. The larger part of this company
belonged to this town, but there were men in it
from Wells, Middletown aiid Danby. Its captains
from this town were : William Fitch, Joshua Cobb,
Ozias Clark, Cyrus Wells, Joseph Clark, Daniel
"Welch, Jr., Gideon A. Loomis, Robert H. Smith,
Lovine Bromley, George W. Bromley, Isaac Cros-
by.
Light Artillery.
This coniipany was formed in 1802, and was fur-
nished with a three-pounder brass-field piece. Its
captains were : John Bargeant, James Pratt, Benja-
min Fitch, David Cleveland, Willard Cobb, David
Whedon, Ralph Sargent, Stephen Reed, Ezekiel
Beebe, Thomas Crocker John Conant, John Stearns ,
Benjamin Sage.
Light Infantry.
We have no means of fixing the date of the or-
fanization of this company, but it was probably
efore the artillery, its captains were;: Elisha
Averill, Joseph Adams, Seth Blossom, Josiah Mon-
roe, Joel Harmon, Jr., Abner Lumbard, James
Sloane, Elisha Smith, Joshua D. Cobb, Royal Sar-
fent,' "Walter Strong, John Fitch, Mahlon Cook,
osiah Toby, Hiram Wickham, George Willard,
Jeremiah Bushee, Thomas J. Swallow.
86 Pawlbt.
Infantry.
This the standing company was in existence, prior
to any other and is the basis of all the rest. Its
captains were : John Stark, Jonathtin Willard, John
Oobb, Nathaniel Smith, Jedediah Edgerton,
Walden, Simeon Edgerton, Jr., Beth Sheldon,
Lyman Reed, David Blakely, Jr., John Cleveland
Leonard Utiey, David Tryon, Sylvester Pitkin, Har-
vey Viets, James Johnson, Henry Viets, Joshua
Hulett, Jr.
Pawlet Band.
Besides the foregoing strictly military companies,
the Pawlet Band was organized about 1806. It
was handsomely uniformed and was required to
muster for duty, at the same time the military com-
panies met. It was under the command of a cap-
tain, who ranked as serffeant. This band was got
up und^r the auspices of the lodge of Free-masons
who furnished in part thp. instruments. It is said
to have been the fi^st band organized in the state^
and waft greatly iji request to play for masonic cele-
brations, J'ourths of tf uly, college commencements,
and various other public occasions. We annex the
original muster roll of the company, with such addi-
tions as were afterwards made: Lovell Leach,
Robert Cox, Daniel Clark, Harvey Cook, Joshua
D. Cobb, Philip Clark, Fitch Clark, John M. Clark,
Ru card. Stoddard, Silas Gregory, Nathan Allen,
Harry Griswold, Nathan Stoddard, Robert Wick-
ham, Charles F. Edgerton, Elijah Weeks, David Car-
ver, George H. Purple, James Pratt, Jr. Alva Pratt,
Ira Marks, John T. Barden, William Clark, Horace
Penfield.
The instruments of this band for a full company
of fourteen were as follows : 1 French horn, 1
Local Militu. . 87
bugle, 4 clarionets, 1 clarion, 6 bassoons, 1 violin,
1 £um. Its captains, whom we remember, were Mil-
ton Brown, ana Asa S. Jones. The ordinary routine
of duty for these several companies, was to meet
on the first Tuesday of June in each year, for in-
spection of arms and drill, and on the first Tues-
day of October, for drill and exercise to which were
sometimes added the performance of mock-fights.
They also attended general muster, once in two
years, usually at Tinmouth, for review. Occasion-
ally they met for brigade review. The only
compensation for all their services, and for keeping
themselves uniformed, armed and equipped, was
an exemption from poll tax, worth to each one per-
haps, seventy-five cents per year.
These companies continued in existence down to
about 1840, when they were disbanded.
Under the act of 1864, a military organization
was effected in conjunction with Rupert and Wells,
consisting of fifty men, thirty of whom are from
this town. Its present officers are, Adams L. Brom-
ley, Capt. Phineas Paul, first lieutenant, and Lu-
cius M. Carpenter, second lieutenant. This com-
pany meets but once a year, has its uniform, arms and
equipments found by the state and besides has pay
for its time.
The following field and general officers, belonged
to this town : Seneral Elisha Averill, Col. Stephen
Pearl, Col. William Fitch, Col. John Sargent, Col..
Elisha Clark, Col. Ozias Clark, Col. Samuel Wil-
lard. Major Sylvauus Gregory, Major Moses Porter,,
Major Salmon Weeks.
[88]
LOCAL GOVERNMENT.
For several years after the settlement of this town
was commenced, there was no state government,
nor other government outside of the town, but the
Council of Safety. The Council of Safety appear
to have been a self-constituted, irresponsible body,
whose decisions and decrees were generally re-
Sected. From the fact that the men constituting
is body were continued in the highest offices, after
a state constitution was framed and had gone into
operation, we infer that they held and retained the
confidence of the people. . Their mode of doing
business was summary and prompt, and their deci-
sions and punishments were promptly enforced and
executed.
By the laws of 1779, after the state government
had gone into operation, a lar^e share of criminal
offenses were punishable bv whipping on the naked
back, from ten to one hundred lashes according to
l^e nature and aggravation of the offense. For
several crimes they were required to wear in some
conspicious place on their garments the initial letter
of the crime they had committed in addition to the
whipping. These laws inflicting corporal punish-
ment were continued and modified from time to time
lentil about 1816. We ourselves remember an in-
stance of its infliction on a young lad who was
convicted of theft, by Simon Stone, second con-
stable.
In the absence of a common government each
town managed its local affairs as best suited it-
self. Each town elected a board, called at first,
townsmen, and afterwards selectmen, who exer-
cised in their respective localities, about the same
Local Govbrnmbnt.
89
decree of arbitrary power as did the Council of
Safety for the state at large.
Toum Clerks.
We annex a list of town clerks for this town be-
ginning in 1769, to the present time : Simon Bur-
ton, 1769 ; Parmalee Allen, 1770 ; Gideon Adams,
1776 to 1813 ; Gideon A. Loomis, 1818 to 1814,
John Edgerton, 1815 to 1826; Elisha Allen, 1827
to 1845; Harry Griswold, 1846 to 1848; Martin
D. Strong, 1849 to 1864; Jerome B. Bromley,
1866 ; Fayette Potter, 1866 to 1857 ; Hiram Wick-
ham, 1858, to the present time.
Mrst Omsiables.
We annex a list of first constables from 1776 to
the present time, with the number of years and
first and last years of service.
Naiii&
8iunuel Willard,. .
EztikiftI Ilarmotit, «
Jedtfdlnh R^ed^ . ..
John Cobb, , . „, „
Lemuel Clark
Joseph Fitcbt«.,..
Philip Reed
Phiueas Stfaogf . .
BaJFord llascAll|...
Willurd Cobb,„.,
Nnthan AUent .. . .
Bnvld AiidorgOD,,,
Return SirDt% .^^
WiilWrStrrmg, ....
Jtistlii ¥, Simoiids,
Jaoob Ed^rtau,* . .
Eob^rt E. Smith, .
Ira Mfljkfl, ,,,,«.«.
ffi
^
.a
,g
M
h
§.
n
H
r
Q
1776
1787
3
1777
17B4
1
1770
niB
4
1780
am
U
1785
1786
6
1788
1804
a
1789
1791
a
]8ia
L814
3
1616
1818
1BI7
iai7
leio
1819
isao
1820
IBSI
I8'il
1B33
iS'iS
9
1S93
18^1
1
I8!2fi
1825
B
1B:26
1833
a
1834
L836
K«me.
Oxiaa ClArki .*', *.,
SjlrnnDQ Qrflgotj,
Eli&bn AtsKII,,. . ..
Joel SiinoiidSf Jr>i>
John Edfjertotij...,
Hetnan Hnstitiga ,.
AsbbelFitcb,
Inn is H{]lliattir, . ,.
Gerrj? Browu,
William Root, .*,.,
IffflrsKaU Brown,, .,
John J* Wacfdaj-d,.
Orson V\ B(*tta, ,,,
Cb dries N* Cdrver,
l^njeUe Blnkel/i . ,
Caaper lA. Leach, *
Cyrui P, Tr^Iot,..
Qaorge S. Uit| », ,.
a
1792
1794
170 a'
1805
1B06|
1807|
mm
1S37
1843
18^7
1849
L852
\m4
1857
1858
im'i
1B65
180G
\79A
1794
1798
180^
L3U6
1808
18L3
1843
1840
848
1861
I86S
1856
IBBT
\mi
1864
iS61
40
Pawlbt.
Select men from 1776 to 1867.
Name.
DATld CftBtld.
William Pitoh,
Johi] Thompaoiii * .
Jo«] Hftrmoii, ......
Gfdeon Adftzns, . . ,.
LeiuuHl CUrk,. ... .
Rogtir Roae^ ..«>.,,«
.JoliiiSt(U'k|. ^
Jolm SUiwartt
BamuHl WilUrd, . »»
Jtidi^dlah Reed, ....
SEmi^on Rdgerton,..
John Abbotp . « « . ^ , ,
Jonattian Willard, .
Gideon Cobb,„„, .
EHsha Clark, Jr., , .
Lemuul Cbipman, ..
:a«tK SbtildoD.
^atbjiii!et Smitb^, * »
Benoui Smithy.. ,..
BlkAnahCobb,
MoseH Porter, -,,.,»
EltahaFitoh,
£xf]kitil HArmon,. ..
St«ph«Q PdarL, >, . „
■Joseph Hasoall,. , «,
Jatnea Ilopkius, . , ,
Josbph Fibobj ,
Philip Keed
Ablslift Moaeley, , , ,
Plndley MoNaual^to^
Jolm Cobb,.
S&mueL Wright, ...
Joliti Mofieloj, ^ .«* .
Edmund WbedoQ, ,
D&ninL Kitob,
Asii Fi«ld, ..,...,«,
BamuoL Kose^ ......
William Potttr, ....
Jonathan Saf^crd, , ,
. JobD Sargent, . , . * ^ <
4
.g !
c
fl
L
h
»^!S
1
_
1"
p
.
1775
1776
6
1776
11 &2
3
1776
1783
7
1776
17Dti
4
1777
1780
3
1777
1788
1
1777
1777
I
1778
1783
3
1778
1778
1
1778
1778
1
177&
177S*'
9
1781
17^
1
1781
J781
]
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jAmea Leuih
Aabb^l HoUi^ter, , ..
87 1 T an u H Gr«Rorj, , «
OalaH Clark
Ptster Steven* J
TitoB A.Cook, , .
Aiidr-w Uenrj,. ... .
J ofliahTob^,, ,,,♦,.»
J&DI6S Pratt>.
Joel Harmon, Jr>, « •«
lanBlt Holllat^r,
Joaeph Porter
Beiijaxntn Pitoh
John Guild, . p., . .« .
Joaiah Mot^ro^, . ..,,
Palmer ClevtjUnd, ♦ ►
IHrnotby fJrwwater, »♦
Rt^tubeij Smith, . . .. .
William WallwMJ,,„
Amos Galuaha, . .^,,
David CleroUnd, . ..
Iteuben Toby, ......
Uiinry Wooster, . . , *
Phin«^ifl Strong
John Allen, .,^,
Joi^l Simonds, ....,,
WiltiftinMareh
firvin HopktPBj. ..,.
Joel SimoiidiS, Jr.,. .♦
Simeon Eili^f^rton, Jr.
Joaepb P. Opbam, „
Samuel Wright, Jr.,.
Paul Hnloit,
Milton Brown,
Oliver Hanks, ** „,.
Return Strong, .. . «,
Jamea L&acb, Jr,, • ««
Joshua D. Cobb, . ...
Joehua potter, ... ,,
Rolen H. Smith,.,,
Natban Allen, ....>>
JoremiAh Buahee,. ..
1
B
a
a
tstfi
3,-
1J
^"
SO
9
t8(K>
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1
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1801
4
180^
1805
1
1802
180$
9
1803
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3
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(807
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1B07
7
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1812
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184J8
1810
5
1808
1813
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I8!0
1811
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I81O
1811
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1811
1813
2
1812
18L3
3
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lats
2
1813
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2
18N
L815
^
1814
1817
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1617
1818
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id 18
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1830
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1819
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1834
1834
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1835
1842
8
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1855
^
1837
1833
10
1839
1849
Local GtovBRNMBNT.
411
Select men from 1776 to 1867.
NftmOi
Jonntliau 8taplefl|.
David CirTor, ....
DATid Blakel/. , . .
Joimtliun RADraall}
Sheldon HdRsrton,
Martin D. Strong, «
J&mes BAldrig«^ « ,
9
S
B
^
B
ii
I
isa
ti«
is °
r
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1843
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1844
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1847
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1847
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1849
I
L848
1848
T
lS4d
186G|
A usti n 8 . Wh i toomb,
Lii<;lub M, CitrpAntdr^
James M. Sbftw^ . .
Utinrj R Hosfordi
Hewit Ulakolev-, . ,
Norman WinoTiefttar^
Leonard JoUdaod,.
BaTid Q. BLosaom,
ElishaB, Cook,...
1
.a
u
n
s»'
»-.?^
i
t^
^
7
18^0
6
1866
6
1866
1
I8r>6
4
1«67
ISOL
7
LS61
4
I
1834
1864
^i@.
■* o
IB63:
1860
1861
18GG*
1860
1BG7
1867
1867
Constitutumal Officers.
Name.
MemberB qf the dmncU qf Cmbotb,
Jonathan B race,
Nathaniel Hannon,
Memberi qf the ConeUtiUional Conventum.
Lemnel Ghipman,
Caleb Allen,
James liSabh,
Benjamin Fitch, ,
Joel Simonda, ,
Nathaniel Harmoni ,
George W. Harmon,
Robert H. Smith,
State Senate.
Bllaha Allen,
Repreeetttativee to the Oenerdl Aeeemhly since 1778.
Zadoo Bvereet, ,
Gideon Adams,
Benjamin Pitch,
William Pitch,
Simeon Edgerton,
Joel Harmon,
Lemnel Ghipman,
Joseph Hasoall, ;
Nathaniel Smith, ;
John Sargent,
1786*
1884
1791
1788'
1814
1883
1838>
1836>
1848
1860
1848
1778
1803
1833
1784
1783
1783
1798
1794
1796
111808
^2
Pawlbt.
OmstUutioTuil Officers ---rconimued.
NaiDdi
EpHraim Fltob, .*,
Jam^ Le&olit , . . ^ * ^ . > ^
lanett Ho]list«rp * . « >. ^ . *
Fhi neafl Btrougi > . ^ ....«,..,,,..
Oliver Hiiiika, ^»t,,»4k*.*»<4*4>4 ■«•-■••>«■
Heturn Stroiigj , « , ^ , * * * . * . .
MlLtOQ BfowD^. *«.« F
Elbhft Alletti . ,«.,.*.>*. , ^ . •
Sheldon Bdg^f toil} .*,«*••....*.««»,.«.<..
JOHlii^a PotU^ri. i *....««..**
David Blnktilj,,.,..
Qoraiw Wilooz, . « ,....,,,...,.*
HIel HolUster,, ,..
Im Markfli . .,.,«.. ^ p »,»« i ,. ^ ,,.. ^ ..*..»* .
Cbarles F. EdgertoD, * ,,,,*.. ,...»*■
Il4>bert n. Smith,
Bati^L H. Dromlejt* ■«>•■■-» >
Cli&rleE^ AU«u, ..>«...
Asa A. Monroe, ........... ^ , . . > « .
A, Sidney EloaghWD, «,«**.,.* ^ , , >
Enrin Pratt, ,. i
Laoinfl M* Carpenter, . . , , , ,...*..,
C&ani^ JudgtM,
John atArk, ,,»..**..«..«>,.,**, « . .
Lemuel GhipmAn, .....»..,.....•,,.*,,..
Slisba AUen, * , .,,«....
Jaoob Bdgerton, , , . , ,..;...«.
H«tnrii Sitongj ,
"Walter Strong, ,
Jacob Kdg^^rton * ^ ...,...,, ^ ,,, * p ... .
AhrahaiQ lidgeiion, ..,......,,.,*,.
MosQB P. Fitoh,
Jamea Rioe,
Fajette Blakelji »....,....«
FoMt Ma^tr9,/rim 1808.
DoraatoJB Fitoh, > . . ,
George H, Pnrpl*
Horacfl Clark, .»..,,».,., ,,..,*.,
RiiaaeLl C. Wheeler,
ELisha F. Rogers,. *,* » « ,
j4^
1806
1809
1819
1820
18S6
18^
1833
1834
tS49
1B3T
isaa
1841
1843
1846
1S4S
1851
1863
18G5
1867
1660
1B«3
1864
1B66
1778
17S3
18£0
1881
19
3
4
Gmo
1837
1830
1839
IBS?
I33d
Local Politios. 48
Comtituiional Officers — continued.
Name.
1
ji
3
1841
4
1846
11
1861
4
1868
1
1834
6
1887
6mo
1868
1
1864
1
1866
6
1861
6
1867
Daniel P. Tajlor,
Thomas J. Swallow,
Charles W. Potter, '.
MarUn D. Strong,
Moses P. Fitch,
James Rioe, .••••
At West Pawlet, from 1869.
Thomas D. Sheldon,
Leonard Johnson, . . . .
Orson F. Betts,
Martin V.B.Pratt,
John A. Orr , •
LOCAL POLITIOS.
At the close of the revolution we were all one
man's children. The few adherents of monarchy
had been cowed into subjection or exiled from the
country. Washington was the guiding genius; his
name and principles were enshrined in every heart.
But the process of reconstructinff our government or
rather or establishing our federafconstitution evoked
new issues and raised new questions. Gradually
new parties were formed and crvstalized by degrees
into mutual hostility. Though differing widely in
sentiment, they all paid homage to Washington, and
called themselves by his name. The parties brought
into existence by the new issues, were called instead
of whig and tory, federal and republican, or demo-
cratic. The federals were for a strong national go- •
vernment and favored long tenures, and even life
tenures for some of the principal offices. The demo-
44 Pawlbt*
crats jealons of the central government, &Yored short
terms and rotation in office, as involving more
responsibility to the people. The ablest statesmen
of this, or any country, discussed these ques-
tions in the national conventions and in the state
legislatures, and the result was a compromise, neither
party fully carrying its points. And though both
parties substantially acquiesced in the result the
foundation was laid for tiie bitterest political warfare
the world had ever known.
It alienated friends, sundered the ties of brother-
hood and friendship, broke up churches, and its ven-
omous influence permeated every fibre of society.
This town was nearly equally divided, and hence
party spirit rose here to its hignest pitch.
During the thir^ years between the admission of
our state into the u nion, in 1790 and 1820, this town
was represented ten years by federals and twenty
years by democrats, the town being all the time nearly
evenly balanced; A glance at the leading points of
difference may not be in appropriate.
The democrats claimed that the states were sove-
rei^ and the general government their agent, — some
maintaining mat in met we were no nation at all,
only a partnership of states, from which each and
every partner might retire at pleasure, the federals
maintaining that we were one people, one nation
as expressed in our national coat of arms, e pluribus
ununif which freely translated means: One consti-
tuted from many. Here was evolved the ff erm of that
knotty question whose only solvent was me blood of
five hundred thousand men. Other questions hav-
ing reference to our foreign relations became inter-
woven in the conflict. About the time of our
admission into the Union, the French revolution
broke out. The French people deposed their king
Local Politics. 46;
and brourfitliim to the scaffold and a reign of terror
engulfed France and threatened to spread over the
western continent Onr democrats remembering
the signal service of the French, in the trying times
of our revolution, favored the cause of the French
revolutionists, who were at war with England, while
the federals affirmed that England was the bulwark of
order and securitjr, and that the French king, whom
the masses had dethroned and beheaded, he it was,
who had aided us in our extremity and not the
bloodthirsty men who had usurped his place.
Thus while the democrats were for " going in '* to
aid the French, and punish our old enemy, the fede-
rals stood aloof, not cnoosing to mix up in transatian-
tic controversies and " entangling alliances,'* and when
the French, unable to coax our government into an
active support of their cause, demanded of us as
the price of our security a douceur ^ it thundered back
through the intrepid and heroic Adams, ^^ millions
for defense, not one cent for tribute."
Hatred to Enriand, though " bone of our bone and
flesh of our fledb," still rankled in the bosoms of the
democratic party while the federals favored the things
that make for peace, having more confidence in Eng-
land, than in the revolutionists of France. Meanwhile
war raged in Europe ; England made aggressions on
our commerce, and our rights, as an mdependent
nation claiming as her right the services of her
native subjects wherever found, even though they had
become by our naturalization laws citizens of this
country. This aroused still more the anger of this
nation, and we declared war against England. After
a three years' conflict with varying fortunes, we were
willing to make peace without insisting at all for
satisfaction for the original grievance.
Our political conflicts for the forty years pre-
46 Pawlbt.
ceding the last ten, have been mere skifmislies
based mainly on questions of expediency in which
the struggle has been between the " ins and outs."
The slavery propagandism of the south stimulated
the north to take a defensive position, and a strong
party inscribed on its banners in 1856, " No extension
of slave territonr." This met with the unanimous
disapproval of the soutii, and of a lar^e minority of
the north ; but after two campaiffns the candidates
nominated on this platform were elected. The south
now fallinff back on their " state rights '* of seces-
sion, dissolved the old partnership and set up for
themselves, taking with them as they went a large
amount of furniture, that was common property.
Now then comes on tiie most terrible war of the age
or of any other age, which after being wa^ed with
varying fortunes n>r four years resulted in me utter
discomfiture of the south. But we have wandered
far from our oririnal design, which was merelv to
give a synopsis of our local politics. The war wnich
closed in 1815, finished the federal party. For some
ten years no party lines were drawn. When Gen.
Jackson was presented to the people as a candidate
for president in 1824, he received but six votes in
town, but his friends grew apace and soon became
numerous. In 1828, me antimasonic party organ-
ized ; then there were three parties in town, the anti-
masonic the most numerous. It never succeeded in
electing its candidates as the other parties would
unite affainst it In four or five years the antimasons
disbanded and were absorbed in the old parties.
About 1882, the whig party, many of whose original
leaders were democrats, was organized and during
its whole existence had a majority in this town,
though sometimes defeated on personal grounds.
In 1855, the American party was suddenly sprung
Local Litbratubb. 47
upon us ; but it elected its ticket but one year, and
fell^ back to the old parties. In the last great battle
which had to be fcught at home as well as in the
field, the union party in this town had an immense
mfgority. And let it be here remarked that in all
the mutations of party from 1766 to 1867, this town
has ever been loyal to the national government, and
has paid over its cash and filled its quota, with alac-
rity and promptness.
LOCAL LITERATUEE,
Whatever the inhabitants of this town for the last
hundred years may have been, and whatever they
may have done, they are not chargeable with much
waste of printer's ink. After diligent inquiry, we
were able to find inprint, a sermon delivered before
the legislature of Vermont, Oct. 8, 1812, by Rev.
Isaac Beall ; a funeral sermon delivered at the vil-
lage, Jan. 12, 1813, by Rev. John Griswold, on the
occasion of the death of Ephraim Fitch, who was
killed instantly in his mill ; and a singing manual,
by Joel Harmon, Jr. Besides these, we believe a
few sermons and controversial pamphlets have been
printed. Numerous contributions to the magazine
and newspaper press have also been furnished.
Though there is nothing of special interest in the
sermons above alluded to, we are tempted to give
brief e:|tracts from them out of compliment to our
fethers, who deemed them of sufficient value to
justify their publication. And first. Elder Beall,
whose text is, " When the righteous are in authority,
the people rejoice, but when the wicked beareth rule,
48 Pawlbt.
the people mourn," proceeds to discuss the rather
delicate question, whether Christianity is a necessary
qualification for a " righteous " ruler. " There are
some, who strenuously contend that a person must
be possessed of Christianity, or he is not suitably
qualified for civil office. Should this be granted,
another thing, in order to be consistent, must be
granted, viz : that it is the only necessary qualifica-
tion, for ' when the righteeus are in authority^ the people
rejoice.' That religion would be of great utility to a
civil ruler, will be granted, but that this is the only,
or even an essential qualification, cannot so easily be
admitted. For, according to this sentiment, any man
giving good evidence that he is a Christian, however
weak his intellect, might with safety be elected go-
vernor of the state, or president of the nation — a
sentiment so weak and so glaringly inconsistent, as to
need no refutation. As civil government is attended
to in the text, it is just and reasonable to conclude that
the righteousness there spoken of, is a political right-
eousnesSy that is, a righteous administration of the
government, with which they are intrusted.*'
We quote horn Mr. Qriswold's discourse on the
character of Ephraim Fitch. "He was a man of
great usefulness and extensive connections. Per-
haps no man among us did more business of various
kinds than he. As to his connections, he had a wife
and large family, was himself a member of a large
family of his father's, a member of the fi^aternity of
Free-masons, of the Washington Benevolent Society,
and of the Cong. Society, so that his relative and
social connections were large. As to his usefulness :
as a son, he was respectful ; as a brother, * he was
loving; as a husband, kind; as a parent, tender
and indulgent; he provided well for his family; as
a neighbor, he was obliging; as a magistrate,
Local Litbratubb. 49
prompt to do justice. He was a constant attendant
on public worship, a friend to good order, and con-
tributed freely for the support of the ffospel. He
had done much towards the erection of a building
for the instruction of the rising generation. NoW.
why should such a man be taken away in the midst
of his usefulness 7 Can we pry into me counsels of
God and search out his reasons ? No ! we can only
say, *Eyen so. Father, for so it seemed good in thy
sight.*'^
" To our vieWy numbers could be spared better. "We
should not feel the loss in society of twenty or more,
we could name so much as the loss of him, and we
can scarcely think of any but that could be as well
spared/*
In 1809, Joel Harmon, Jr., published the Columbian
Minstrely which contained only fifty-three tunes and
anthems. Perhaps not one of these tunes are now
in use. It would seem from the preface that they
were original compositions. We extract briefly
from the preface : " Having been frequently solicited
by those who are in the practice of music to pub-
lish my compositions for the benefit of those who
haye entered or may hereafter enter on this delight-
fill and sublime art, I haye been induced to offer the
public the following work. It is hoped that none!
will be disappointed that fuging music is in general
omitted.**
From several sketches of original poetry which
have been politely furnished us we select for inser-
tion a few, all our space will admit of.
A word of explanation in reference to the piece
entitied, "Oh! to go Home,** may not be improper.
It was written in commemoration of a beloved twim
sister who far away from her childhood's h
5
*60 Pawlbt.
langaished and died, a yictim to home-sickness.
Who, that has been thrown on a bed of sickness in
a land, fiir away from homCj however attentively
Bursed and cared for but will sympathize with the
subject of this poem and appreciate the beauty and
tenderness of this sisterly tnbute.
THE HAYSTACK MOUNTAIN.
A thousand charms are o*er thee shed,
Thou ancient rocky pile,
The morning sunbeams on thy head
Are earnest seen to smile.
And evening's latest purple glow.
Adorns thy venerable brow.
When summer showers their freshning green
And brilliancy impart,
And crowned with sunset's golden sheen.
How beautifhl thou art!
Thou wearest nature's diadem,
And needest not a costlier gem.
When homeward turned, the searching eye
First greets thy towering dome,
Who hath not felt the heart beat high
With tender thoughts of home f
Thou beauteous temple — seen afar —
l^e of the never-setting star.
And oft in twilight's musing hour.
Thou sternest to fancy^ eye.
The image of some old watch tower.
Against tlie evening sky ;
How mis the mind, thus fancy free, •
With thoughts of thy antiquity.
Yes, ever since the swelling flood
O'erwhelmedthe sinking earth.
There thou immovably hast stood —
The deluge saw thy birth —
When its receding waters fled,
Thou didst uprear thy lofty head.
Local Litbbatube. 51
While nations countless as the sand
Upon the sea-beat shore,
Bhallpass awav — Ih&rt wiU thou stand
Till time shall be no more —
What bdnga af an hour are toe,
Time honored rock — compared with thee.
Pawlet, Vt, May, 1842.
Mabt Edobbton.
OH I TO GO HOME.
She has lifted the snowy curtain away from the window pane,
And with blue eyes turning eastward, she looks through the dark
and the rain.
The storm without is fearfUl, and the drops fall heavy and fast.
But she does not heed the tempest, for she thinks of the beautiful
Fasti
Like moonlight on ruins streahiing,
Like stars in dark waters gleaming,
Like bright forms seen in our dreaming.
Are memories of Long Ago.
Half smiling, she looks through the darkness, out thro* the mist
and nun
Forgetting her heart's sad burden, its burden of grief and pain ;
For lier soul is journeying eastward, to the land where it used to
rest —
Slowly returning with wounded wing to the bcautifUl olden nek.
Her thoughts have gone out Maying,
'Mong flowers and buds gone straying.
On banks of still waters playing.
In the forest of Long Ago 1
She sees the low white cottage out thro' the night and rain.
The cottage close bv the river, and faces at the pane ;
She sees the elm ana maple and hears the green leaves stir,
And her lips are parted to answer — she thinks they're talking to
her.
Oh, the sad soul ceases sighing.
Hushes its moaning and crying.
When on thro' dim woods flying
It rests in the Long Ago.
62 Pawlbt.
6he sees the purple lilacs, and the ash-tree close by the door,
And the sunlight streaming in across the snowy Idtchen floor —
She hears the clock in the corner^ sees the pictures on the wall,
And the old brown barn in the meadow, the grape-vine, the daisies
and all.
She watches the shadows quiver
Down in the beautifUl river,
' And her warm heart thanks the Giver
For visions of Long Ago 1
She has folded the snowy curtain, down o'er the window pane,
Her blue eyes look through tears and her heart takes its burden
again;
But ever when darkness gathers, and the wind comes and the rain,
She turns her &ce to the eastward, and lifts the curtain again I
For like moonlight on ruins streaming.
Like stars in dark waters gleaming,
Like bright forms seen in our dreaming^
Axe memories of Long Ago 1
Mabt Bobinbok.
THOUGHTS ON VIEWING AN ECLIPSE OF THE MOON
ON THE EVENING OF FEB. 5, 1841.
The moon, at her zenith of splendor and might,
Was dispensing the beams or her pure mellow light.
Far around her cerulean throne :
The earth became envious while viewing the scene.
And unceremoniously roll'd in between
That beautiM orb and the sun.
** I will show her," she said, " that her gloiy shall wane.
And the borr&ioed light of which she's so vain, /
Shall leave her in dusky dishonor.
And 'twill humble her pride as she sits in my shade^
Her lustre departed — her beauty decayed.
That a million of eyes are upon her."
The clouds — she had done them some service it seems.
Had fringed their dark robes with her silvery beams.
And light on their pathway had cast ;
When they saw what was coming — incurtained her throne.
And a mantle drew o'er her — sweet Charity's own —
Till her transient misfortune was passed.
But the stars felt no sympathy — ttm toaa thevr day —
So they burnished their spangles and twinkled away ;
Local Litebatubb. SSn
Exulting, it seemed, at her fall ;
She was subject to ehangen^ they knew iVom her birth —
And should she emerge from the shadow of Earth,
They feared she might outshine them all.
But there was* one thought— not a fanciful one,
That the Moon when thus darkened — shut out from the sun,.
Was an emblem, though feeble and dim ;
Of the Soul, when estranged from the presence of Gk>d,
It has wandered so far from its heaven-ward road,
That the World gets between it and Him,
O, then, let me count all afOdcUons as light.
Though the billows of Tune in their uttermost might
Unceasingly over me roll ;
But 1 may I never the bitterness know
The depth of despair— inexpressible wo,
Of a XoUiXedvpieofIhe SknU.
Mabt. Edobbton..
AFTER BATTLE.
At many a costly entrance, at many a cottage door.
Darkly floats the badge of mourning for those heroes gone before V.
Oh the hearts all torn and bleeding — oh the hearts that suffer so,.
In the costly stately mansions, and within the cottage low 1
Like a dim and shadowy ghost stands a picture in each hall ;
Like a fearfhl horrid phantom, clings it to the lowlv wall —
After Battle they have named it, and each mothers heart would
break
Did not Jesus, tenderly, more than half the burden take.
Oh the great and ghastly wounds. Oh the bleeding deadly wounds,
Oh the groans ana moans and shrieking — how me heart faints at
such sounds.
How the soul cries out in anguish, like a dying white-winged dove,
To hear such cries of agony nrom the lips of those we love.
How those dying eves look homeward — how those hands reach
out for friends.
But a little moment passes and the dreadfhl suffering ends 1
For them no more weary marching, they h&YG fatigJii the batUe will !
For iM f the angels know what waits for us — I cannot tell.
Oh the blue eyes fhll of love I Oh the dark and tender eyes
Whose love and tenderness is gone, to blossom in the skies :
64 Pawlkt.
Oh the heads so coldly pillowed, and the feet that march no more,
The quiet feet of the soldier whose battle of life is o'er.
See that throng of weeping sisters, bowed and weeping for their
brothers,
Hear the mothers call their*dead sons and pale maidens call thehr
lovers 1
Oh, the loved that die in battle— how my soul aches at the thought.
And I cannot smile at victories with such precious life-blood
bought. Mabt Bobikbon.
AGEICULTUEE.
Agriculture was the earliest avocation of mankind,
and is the basis of all industrial pursuits. It in-
volves a greater diversity of labor than anv other
calling, and is as much dependent on the mechanical
arts K)r its successful prosecution as that or any
other business is on agriculture. The interests of
all industrial callings and pursuits are' so blended and
interwoven that where one suffers, all the others
suffer with it
Oursons who would establish forthemselvesahome
in the west, have immense advantages over our fa-
thers in the first settlement of this town. There the
broad prairies invite the plow as the first instrument
of cultivation. Here the heavy growth of timber
had to be slashed in winrows, burnt over, the trunks
gathered together and burnt again, and after all this
was done the first crops worked in by hand. But
our fathers worked with a will, and in a few vears
brought under subjection a large portion oi the
town.
Their leading idea was to ffrow wheat both for
home use and with which to raise money to pay for
their land. Brought up on the brown bread of old
Agbioultubb. 55
Oonnecticut, they hoped by coming here to indulge
in the wheaten loaf. But their hi^ raised expecta-
tions were not folly realized. Most of the newly
cleared fields produced wheat in rich luxuriance, and
some fields held out for a long series of years. But
to speak generally wheat growing was a failure.
Tne ri^ and enduring wheat fields of the Holland
purchase and the Western Eeserve were then hardly
emlored. Many of our first settlers allured bv the
splendid reputation for wheat growing of Orwell and
other lake towns, emigrated thither, among whom
wore several families of Clark's, Smith's, Cobb's,
Perkins's, etc. Those clay bottoms held out better
than our soils.
By degrees our people had to fall back on the
brown bread of their fathers. The coarser grains
yielded abundant harvests. But they were of small
account for distant markets. Hence distilleries were
introduced to absorb our surplus grain wMch was
about as valuable for feed after the alcohol was ex-
tracted as before.
But in a few years, say fi-om 1820 to 1830, these
crops sensibly oiminished. A new impetus was
given to emigration. The west was now open for
settlement ; families emigrated as they had never
done before. Heavy canvas covered wagons, many
of them drawn by oxen, could be seen en route for
the west having the words " bound for the Ohio "
enblazoned on their sides. This caused a heavy
drain on our population which our well-known repu-
tation for "raismg" men, could not sustain. Our
population rapidly declined. Several considerable
settlements in the more remote quarters of the town
were abandoned and some highways discontinued.
The introduction of manufactures before, and
during this period, partially stayed this tide of emi-
66 Pawlbt.
CTation, but it has flowed out ever since and there
nas been no reflux, to the present day. But we have
wandered from our subject. When our lands were
in some measure worn out by a succession of CTain
crops, we betook ourselves to the dairy and sheep-
fold to recruit our exhausted fields. The effects of
this change of business were soon sensibly felt.
Improved breeds of cattle and sheep were intro-
duced and improved processes of cheese making
have been constantly going on till they have culmi-
nated in the establishment of cheese factories. The
cultivation of root crops has been extended, par-
ticularly of potatoes which have been raised in large
quantities, at first, for starch, and since the rail road
was opened for shipment to city markets.
Fruit growing has from the start received great at-
tention. Apple orchards were every where planted
in ffreat abundance, and in virgin soil throve well
witti little care. And as you pass through the town,
some parts of which are deserted by its inhabitants,
wherever you see a clump of apple trees you may be
sure that near that spot some one undertook to esta-
blish for himself a home. The smaller fruits were
not neglected and plums, cherries, grapes and pears
flourished luxuriantly; strenuous but unavailing
efforts were made to acclimate the peach. On newly
cleared fields the blackberry and raspberry grew in
abundance, while the meadows teemed with straw-
berries and the mountains with whortleberries.
Old age and the severity of our winters are fast
destroying our apple-trees and other early planted
fruits, and wild spontaneous fruits are growing scarce.
But within a few years a new era has openea on our
^fruit-growing prospects. Improved varieties of
apples, pears, plums, grapes, and cherries are being
introduced, and the strawberry and other small fruits
Manufactures. 57
are being cultivated in gardens. On the whole, the
E resent condition and prospects of the town are
ighly flatterinff and though some of our hillsides and
badly managed farms may be less productive than
formerly, still it is our opinion, endorsed by more
competent observers, that the agricultural interests
of our town were never in a more flourishing condi-
tion than at the present time. Labor is every where
munificientiy rewarded and though the taxes assessed
on real estate are and have been enormous, yet the
value of farms has appreciated full twen^-five per
cent on the gold standard within the last five years.
MANUFACTUEES.
One of the earliest and not the least iniportant
manufactures of the town was the salts of ashes^
which by refining processes were made into the pot
and pearl ashes of commerce. The process of manu-
facture was simple and required but littie capital.
The lye of ashes was boiled down to the requisite
consistence, when under an intense heat the salts
were produced. This would seem but a small busi-
ness now, but at that time it was of the greatest
consequence, it being almost the only artide that
would bear shipment to foreign ports.
Along with this, and partly in connection with it,
was the manufacture of maple sugar. The same
ketties served to boil down the sap which were used
to make potash. As the process of sugar making is
fiimiliar to every one, we need only remark that
sugar makers instead of boring the trees were in the
habit of " boxing '' them with an ax, and instead of
68 Pawlbt.
buckets of wood or tin used troughs made of pine,
bass, or other sofk wood.
As soon as wool and flax could be raised or pro-
cured, domestic wheels and looms were set in mo-
tion, and for nearly half a century most of the cloth
used in families was made at home. The price for
a week's work spinning was four shillings (66 J cts.)
and for housework 4s. 6d. The wool was usually
taken in the fleece, careftiUy picked, oiled, and
carded with hand-cards. One person could card
about as &st as another could spm. A neighbor at
my elbow relates this anecdote. His &ther had oc-
casion to call on Gov. Thomas Chittenden on public
business, who it is well known kept a wayside tavern
in Charlotte. After the governor's wife had with
her own hands prepared supper and cleared up
things, she took her position by the kitchen fire and
carded wool till a late hour, while the governor was
in the bar-room alternately transacting official busi-
ness and waiting on customers at the bar.
About 1800 me first carding machine brought on
this continent was set up at iCddle Granville, jN. Y.,
by James Smith. The price of carding was ten
cents per pound. Fulling and cloth-dressing mills
were in use at an early day, but how early we can
not say. There was one at West Pawlet, run by
Walter Jennings, in 1812, and we believe at the vil-
lage at an earlier date. Jonathan Stevens and John
Strong built a woolen factory at West Pawlet in
1812, which was the first in town. About the same
time Doct John Sargent built a woolen factory near
the present site of Enoch Colvin*s factory. This
latter was run several years by Royal Sargent and
other parties until it fell into the hands of Asa S.
and Joel Jones, who run it until it was burnt, about
1842. Asa S. Jones soon after built the mill on the
Manufactures. 69
road, which he sold in 1846 to Robert Blakely, who
run it (the latter part of the time in connection with
his son William) until 1865, when it was sold to
Enoch Oolvin.
At an early day Capt Abner Lumbard run a full-
ing and cloth-dressing mill at the village and also a
woolen factory, part of the time in connection with
his son Chester. About 1812, Willard Cobb built
a factory on Wells brook near the bridge. Jona-
than Stevens run the factory at West Pawlet two or
three years, when he went into Cobb's factory,
which was soon after burnt. The war with England
brought all these factories into existence ; at its ter-
mination thejr were all compelled to stop. Jonathan
Stevens continued the business in a small way until
1832, when he put up a larce factory on Pawlet
river near the lower covered bridge, which did a
good business until it was burnt in 1862. He then
set up the business in Granville, N. Y., which is still
contmued by his son Robert A notice of the Paw-
let Manufacturing Company and the Flower Brook
Company will be found elsewhere.
There have been seven grist-mills in town, all but
three on Pawlet river. We name them in the order
of their erection as near as we can ascertain. The
first was on Wells brook, built by Remember Baker
about 1768 ; the next was built at the village, about
the same time, by William Bradford, on Flower
brook; the next on the site of the present Red mill,
by Col. Samuel Willard, in 1783, which was soon
burnt and the present mill erected ; the next near the
lower covered bridge on Pawlet river, about the same
time, by Capt Benoni Smith ; the next, near the
Frary bridge, about 1790, by William Hanks ; the
next near Smith Hitts, by Seth Blossom, Ashbel
HoUister and Saflbrd Hascall. There was also a
60 Pawlbt.
mill at West Pawlet, buUt by Edmund Whedon.
Of these only one, the Red mill| is now in existence,
run by Charles F. Edgerton, There have been six
or eight saw-mills in town, which are now reduced
to the one at the village, run by David Andrus.
Several smaU establishments were setup in various
parts of the town for the manufiicture of leather;
one on Seely Brown's land, by Weslw Perkins; one
near the Prary bridge, by Ebenezer KolUn, and. one
on our premises, by Ephraim Jones. These were
short lived. There were three larger establishments,
one at the village, run by Asahel Fitch and others;
one south of the village, run by David Weeks and
his sons Bich and Seth B., and one on Indian river
on the premises of 0. S. Bardwell, by Palmer Cleve-
land & Sons. There is now no tannery in town.
There were trip-hammers on Wells brook, by
William Maher; on Flower brook, by Nathaniel
Robinson, and on Indian river, by 0. 8. Bardwell,
for the mai^ufacture of edge tools and machinery.
The latter is the only one in existence.
There have been five distilleries for the manufac-
ture of whisky from rye and com, and brandy from
cider; one at the village, run by Dorastus Fitch;
one at West Pawlet, run last by Theron Norton ; one
on Alex. Clayton's premises, run by Leonard XJtley,
one near the centre of the town, by John Edgerton
and others; one near Curtis Weelcs's, by Mr. Sav-
age, but these were all closed thirty years ago.
A flax-dressing mill was built in 1820, by Ashbel
Hollister, which run a few years. A mill for clean-
ing cloverseed was built in 1807, by Seely Brown,
which run fifteen years, A linseed oil mill in 1814,
built by Samuel Wright, Jr., and others, run some
twenty years. A mill for making potato starch, by
Ira Marks on Indian river, was built in 1843. The
Manufactures. 61
next year one was set up on Pawlet river by ourself
and Seth Stearns. Both these did a large business
several years. A stave mill for the manufacture of
shocks for the southern market was run near the
lower covered bridge, by Ebenezer Hay ward, which
closed in 1865. Lime was burnt in the south part
of the town, by James Cook and others, quite a
number of years. Provision barrels were made
several years on the premises of Stephen McFadden
by Samuel Baldwin and Jonathan Monroe, and
cheese casks and boxes just above by Nathaniel
G. Folgcr. Cheese boxes wore made at North
Pawlet two or three years by machinery moved
by steam. The only cheese box fectory now in
existence in town is at the village, by David An-
drus. Hats were manufactured at the village by
Maj. Sylvanus Gregory and his son Silas Gregory,
forty or fifty years. A stocking factory was run at
the village several years by Ira Marks. Palmer
Cleveland & Sons, about the year 1825, put in exten-
sive machinery for dressing hemp and flax, and con
structed a pool for water-rotting them. This busi
ness was carried on several years. Florace and
Leonard Johnson made cheese boxes at West Paw
let two or three years, and Peter Goodspeed fol-
lowed the same business near the Frary bridge.
Notwithstanding this rather gloomy record, we*
take pleasure in noticing two live establishment for*
making cheese, which will appear elsewhere. We
close this chapter by alluding to the prospective-
erection of works on the farm of Consider S. Bardr-
well for the preparation of peat for fueU.
6;
[62]
MECHANICS.
Mechanical industry is of high antiquity. Its first
development was in me garden of Eaen before the
expulsion of our first parents. Though the oldest
tailors in the world, we are left to inrer they were
not experts, as soon after God made them ^^ coats of
skins." After their expulsion, Cain, their eldest
son, "builded a city,** and soon after we read
of tfubal, the &ther of such as handle the harp and
the organ, and of " Tubal Cain, the instructor of
every artificer in brass and iron." After the lapse
of a few generations Noah built an ark, which for
size, beauty and magnificence has probably never
been surpassed. Industrial arts, we may assume,
were chiefly lost at the flood, but they revived and
perhaps attained the climax of their exqellence in
the days of David and Solomon. Still later the
Greeks and Eomans cultivated the arts and sciences
t^ a great extent. Since then the world has under-
gone many mutations and revolutions, and many of
the ancient arts are lost. The last fifty years has
witnessed, probably, a greater advance in industrial
science than the eighteen hundred that preceded it.
Inventive ingenuity is achieving greater and still
greater triumphs, and the " Gol&n Age " of the
ancients is being reproduced with additional splen-
dor.
All this, however, may be considered irrelevant in
a local history. A large proportion of our early set-
tiers were skilled mechanics, and were trained under
the old English law that prescribed seven years' ap-
prenticeship. People in the olden time did not jump
at one bound from the plow-tail to the mechanic's
shop. But they were ignorant of many inventions
Emigration. 63
that have ffreatly facilitated the business of the me-
chanic. By the aid of planing, matching, sawing,
mortising and boring machines, it is safe to assume,
the manual labor required to build a house has been
diminished one-half, and in propoiiion for most
other kinds of mechanical business. We have not
space to enumerate the various trades followed by
our fathers.
EMIGRATION.
It has often been made the subject of remark and
of regret, that so many of our people should emi-
grate, and that so many of the old nomesteads should
be abandoned.
The establishment of manufactures, on a more ex-
tended scale has been suggested as a means of keep-
ing our enterprising young men at home. Certainly
we have facihties for manufacturing far superior to
many of our manufacturing towns. But let us survey
the whole ground. Within the last sixty years there
has been opened for settlement nearly in our own
latitude, the richest and most grandly magnificent
teiTitory the sun ever shone upon, reaching &om the
Hudson across the continent, and embracing a
wealth of soiland facilities for settlement unsui'passed
in any age of the world.
What an opportunity to spread and perpetuate
the principles of our Puritan ancestiy ! Should this
rich domain pass into the hands of foreigners and
outsiders and have no "New England" in it?
Should we have surrendered to the foreigner of un-
developed liberal tendencies, or to the southerner of
64 Pawlbt.
thoroughly matured principles of tyranny this rich
heritage? And all this tiiat we might immure
within the prison walls of factories, our surplus
population to rise, eat, work and sleep at the signal
of a Tiiell ? Would it pay thus to enervate the sinewy
Emhs and how down the manly frames of our young
men and chase the rose and lily from the cheeks of our
fair daughters that a few lords of the loom might
get rich ? Employees as a class do not lav up money.
The man who employs himself goes whistUng to his
work, while the hirehng watcheth the going down of
1;he sun. Westward between the parallels of 40 and
46 there is scarcely a county or even a town that has
not a representation from this town. Who can mea-
sure the influence exerted by. emiffrants from New
England in moulding and establi^in^ the institu-
tions of these states ? Our mission has been to infuse
the principles, cherished here, throughout these
states, w ell may the southern tyrant desire in
T)reaking up our Union to leave us out in the cold.
We have few principles in common with him. Will
aiot the benefits resulting from our emigration
'Outweigh any possible advantages we might have
•secured by staying at home. Though so many has
.^one, yet a remnant remains. Notwithstanding the
•decadence of our mechanical and manufacturing
interests, involving in its consequences a loss of
fifty per cent of our population, we have reason for
•congratulation at the steady advance of our educa-
tional, moral and religious interests. Our primary
schools are well sustained and keep step with the
spirit of the age. Never before were our religious
institutions so liberally sustained. Our people are
mainly self-reliant and self-supporting, and fewer
instances of destitution now exist than perhaps at
any former period. Keal estate never before sold
higher on the gold standard. What though we have
Eduoation. 65*
but one small &ctorj and only one mill, a saw
mill — stocked mainly from another town, we stilE
live. Our sensibilities are so obtuse that we count
ourselves a prosperous people.
EDUCATION.
Next to providing themselves a shelter and the*
most common necessaries of life, our fathers, true to»
the institutions in which they had been reared,,
directed their attention to the interests of education.
Schools were established as soon as a sufficient:
number of scholars could be gathered in any locality,,
and the progress of the setflement of the town can
be better traced by the number of the school district:
than by any other means. Money being scarce, the*
better qualified would frequently take turns in teach-
ing with little or no compensation. - If nothing bet-
ter could be had a deserted loff cabin would be fitted
up for a school-room and made to answer.
Our early schools were limited to the branches of
reading, writing, spelling and arithmetic, and it was
rare that the latter was extended beyond the rule of*
three. The education of girls was still more limited
and it was not common for them to learn arithmetic
By degrees other branches were introduced, and
grammar was taught, perhaps, as early as 1810.
Those who first learned grammar were considered'
prodigies. Other branches have been from time to
time mtroduced, so that our district schools almost
rival colleges in the extent of their course of study.
Provision was made in the charter of the town for
one share (250 acres) for the benefit of schools, to
which was added by state legislation the share re-
66 , Pawlbt.
served for a church glebe, and the share reserved for
the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign
Parts. This last was, however, taken from the town
by a decision of the U. S. supreme court The legis-
lation of the state has always favored the interests
of schools, and step by step the entire expense of
their maintenance has been devolved on the pro-
perty^ of the town, except the revenue derived from
public lands and from the U. S. deposit ftind.
There have been seventeen school districts organ-
ized in town, which are now reduced to eleven, in
only ten of which schools are now kept. Besides,
there are two fractional districts in connection with
Rupert and Wells. The following statistics are
from the report of ^e town superintendent of
schools for the year 1866, see school statistics.
Many of the first settlers were educated men —
several of them graduates of college, and were able
to appreciate the advantages of a higher standard of
education. Hence measures were taken about the
beginning of this century for the establishment of an
academy or grammar school, as such institutions
were then generally called. A commodious brick
edifice was erected near the village, in which the
higher branches were taught, usually two terms in
the year, fall and winter, until its destruction by fire
in 1845. We regret that we cannot insert the
names of its founders, nor even of its first trustees,
and only a few of the names of its preceptors can
be given. It is proper to say that most of its pre-
ceptors were graduates of college, or members of
the senior class. Among its preceptors were Messrs.
Barber, Smith, Meeker, Ira M. Allen, Mervin Allen,
John Stuart, Lamson Miner.
When the Methodist church on the hill was va-
cated in 1854 by the society, it was fitted up for an
academy under the auspices of Rev. Jason F. Walker,
Education. 67
its first principaL He was assisted and succeeded by
Edwin X Spink. The succession of principals has
been about as follows : Henry H. Buxton, Samuel
A. Bumham, A. J. Blakely, John L. Edgerton,
John Wiseman*, Collins Blakely and Mr. Fraden-
burgh, who have taught the school one or more
terms each.
Our citizens have not been unmindful of colleges
and other literary institutions, and have contributed
to endow Middleburgh CoUeffe, Troy Conference
Academy, Hamilton Tneological Seminary and other
institutions. The following persons, settlers and
natives, have graduated at the several institutions
named*: * Daniel Hascall, 1806, M.; * Hippocrates
Rowe, 1808, M. ; Fitch Chipman, 1808, M. ; * John
Sargent, Jr., 1811, M. ; Beriah Green, Jr., 1819, M.
Miner Pratt, 1828, M. ; Elijah W. Plumb, 1824, M.
*FerrisFitch,1826, M. ; *Bollin F. Strong, 1829, M.
AzariahR. Graves, 1888, M, ; * Jacob E. Blakely, M.
Merit Harmon, 1826, M.; Job H. Martin, 1825
Azariah Hyde, 1888; Fayette Potter, XJ.; * Horace
Allen, XJ. ; Sheldon Blakely, U. ; A. Judson Blakely,
XJ. ; Collins Blakely, XJ. ; Quincy Blakely, V. XJ. ;
♦Festus Hanks, K J. ; Charles Winchester, W. XJ. ;
♦Lucien B. "Wright, T.; * Jonathan Brace, Y.;
* Israel Smith, "YT; *Noah Smith, Y.; Warren B.
Sargent, C. M. ; Nathan Judson, C. M. ; Isaac Mon-
roe, C. M.; * William XJ. Edgerton, C. M.; John
Cook, C. M. ; Aaron Goodroeed, C. M. ; Socrates
H. Tryon, C. M.; Nelson Monroe, C. M.; K G.
1 M. 18 for Middleburgh College, U. for Union College. W. U. for
Weslcyan University, C. M. for Castleton Modioal College, C. A.
for Castleton Academy, N. G. for North Granville Ladies Seminary,
T. C. A. for Troy Conference Academy, G. S. for Glenwood Semi-
nary, D. for Dartmouth College, Y. for Yale College, N. J. for New
Jersey College, l!. for Trinity College, A. C. C. for Albany Com-
mercial College, U. V. for University of Vermont. A star * pre-
fixed to those known to be deceased.
68 Pawlbt.
Monroe, 0. M. ; Egbert H. Carver, A. C. 0.; Sarah
Allen, T. C. A.; Mary Allen, T. 0. A.; Lucy B.
Hurlbert, T, C. A. ; Lettie T. Lincoln, T. C. A,
Jane Bromley, T. C. A.; Louise Culver, N. Q
Helen M. Bromley, G. S. ; Maria Conant, C. A. ,
Ann Smith, C. A. ; CorneUa Hawkins, C. A. Ho-
norary — Ervin Hopkins, 1817, A. M. M.; Jonathan
S. Green, A. M. M. ; Fayette Shipherd, 1830, A.
M. M. ; Elijah W. Plumb, D. D. M. ; Levi H. Stone,
A. M. M.
LIBRARIES AND PERIODICALS.
About the time the academy was built a library
was procured by subscription, which was first kept
by Rev. John Gfriswold, but as far back as we can
remember, by Dea. Ezekiel Harmon. It was free
only to subscribers. It cpntained many choice books,'
the old English classics, reliffious works, practical
and polemic; history, biography, travels, &c., all of
standard character. It was used until most of the
books were worn out. In 1830 a library of period-
icals was established at the village, comprismg the
American Encyclopedia of thirteen volumes, and
most of the higher class quarterly and monthly ma-
gazines published in this country. This continued a
few years when the library was broken up. Soon
after a neat and choice library was established at the
village on five dollar subscriptions, of which a few
avail themselves.
Periodical literature is the great educator of the
age. During the earlier years of our town but few
Seriodicals circulated, and those small country papers
istributed weekly by post riders. The taste for
Musio. 69
newspaper aud magazine reading has of late years
greatly increased and few families are without tnem.
During the excitement of the war a large number of
daily papers were taken. The citizens of this town
are now receiving through the post-office as follows :
Daily papers, 5 ; semi-weekly, 29 ; weekly, 283 ; bi-
monthly, 73 ; monthly, 200, and tri-weeldy, 1 ; em-
bracing in the whole 591 copies.
MUSIC.
Music is coeval with the creation, " When the
morning stars sang toffether and all the sons of God
shouted for joy.'* The Hebrews in their conflicts
with the Egyptians celebrated their victories with
songs and dances. In their rejoicings over their
enemies it attains its sublimest heights, in their wail-
ings when in captivity its profoundest depths. Per-
haps its highest development was in the days of King
David.
The birth of the Saviour was heralded with song,
and his last act at the institution of the Lord's Sup-
per was the singing of a hymn. St. Paul says, " I
will sing with the spirit and with the understanding,"
as though melody was cultivated at the expense of
the sentiment "Teaching and admonishmg one"
another in psalms and hymns and spiritual sonffs,"
is enjoined as a duty, but space fails us to follow
out this theme. From the apostolic age to the re-
formation we only know, generally, that music was
cultivated in the Catholic church. Perhaps the old-
est piece of riiusic in use among Protestants is the
grand and stately Old Hundred. Born of the
Reformation and attributed to Mp^rtin Luther, its
70, Pawlbt.
magnificent swell of notes joined to the words set to
it, "Be ThmO God exalted high," convey a scath-
ing rebuke to the Popish idolatry of that day. This
tune outlasting the uses of earth will accompany the
song of the angels and be chanted by the " redeemed
out of all nations*' during the unending cycles
of eternity. "We cannot give the protestant world
much credit for the cultivation of music during the
last three hundred years. Music of some kind they
must have, but any thing that savored of Catholicism
they rejected. So their music degenerated into a
kind of humdrum psalmody of two parts.
Till within about one hundred years New England
music was traditional and not set to notes, the deacon
limm the hymn, and the whole congregation joining
in the song. The first attempt to introduce note-
singing encountered the bitterest hostility. The
peace of churches was destroyed and in some in-
stances they were broken up. J3ut science prevailed
in the end. The revolution which stirred the
souls of men developed a new style of music,
which was styled fiigue music. This was in sym-
pathy with the clash and excitement of the day.
New Jerusalem, which will be remembered by
all our older citizens, is a representative tune of
this class. The parts falling in one after another,
each part singing different words at the same time,
are thought to represent the clangor and confusion
of the battle-field ; the base the deep-toned artillery,
the tenor the rattling fire of musketry, the counter
the crack of the rifle, and the treble the bugle blast
heard over all. The fastidious did not relish this
medley of sound, and the first effort on record to in-
troduce a different style was made by Joel Harmon,
Jr., of this town, who published a sinffin^ manual in
1809. The tunes in his book were of his own com-
position and in express opposition to what he styles
Musio. . "^1
"fuging" music. This did not take and Ms book
never ffot into general use. Fugue music prevailed
until about 1820, when it fell into disuse and sub-
stantially the style of music now in use was sub^'
tuted. \
The oldest teacher of music in this town, of whoik
we retain any tradition, was Deacon Seth P. Shel-\^^
don of Rupert, who taiight music as earlv as 1782. v
We next hear of Dea. Benoni Adams, who taught
in botk parts of the town.
Joel Harmon, Jr., before referred to, tauffht music
classes and attempted to reform the style. Rev.
John Qriswold ana Oliver Hanks also taught music
over sixty years ago. About the beffinning of this
century, Elialdm JBoolittle (uncle of Hon. tfames R.
Doolittle, senator in congress from Wisconsin) also
published a sinking book and taught singing. He .
was the child of song and no mean composer. In
his later years, nervous and sensitive, impulsive and
excitable, in tattered garb, with untrimmed locks
and beard, in a state bordering on insanity, he wan-
dered through our streets for many a vear, the terror
of timid women and children, and mund rest only
when lodged in his grave. We will not undertake
to mention the different teachers of music since 1820,
when Rev. Lemon Andrus taught. A few good
singers and teachers have been developed in this
town, none of whom are better known and appre-
ciated than James Whedon and Dr. A. Sidney
Houghton.
The prejudice against instrumental church music,
cherished by our puritan ancestry, has come down
almost to our own time. A base-viol was at first
barely tolerated, but now melodeons and cabinet
organs are in use in all our churches.
Secular music, which has always been in use, is
now much improved and refined, and many tunes
72 Pawlbt.
J5r<
belonging to this class have been appropriated for
church music. We need only mention "John
Brown '* as a representative of this class. In the
vations and sufferings incident to a war of four
^ ^ars' duration, this song cheered the hearts and
Served the souls of our gallant solcKers until they
had achieved a peace that involved in its results the
freedom of every slave on this continent. It was
this that enlivened the dreariness and monotonv of
camp-life ; it was this that sustained them in their
long and weary marches; it was this that nerved
their souls to engage in deadly conflict with their •
country's foes, wnen they unfurled her banner on a
hundred battle-fields and the streams of the sunny
south were reddened with their comrades' blood.
And when in the loathsome dungeon, when there
was " no eye to pitjr and no arm to save," it was this
that buoyed up their drooping spirits when subjected
to a refinement of cruelty unknown to savages. Kor
is this song th'^e theme of Americans alone, but of
the friends of republican liberty the world through-
out.
When two hundred thousand Englishmen met the
other day in the interest of the extension of the elect-
ive franchise, did they sing God save tiie Queen?
No ! Did they sing the republican Marseillaise ?
No ! But it was " John Brown's body lies moulder-
ing in the grave, while his soul goes marching on."
And when in the fullness of time " Ethiopia shall
stretch forth her hands unto God," and a degree of
culture and development unknown to the present
age shall be her inheritance, " John Brown's soul
goes marching on," shall be the burden of her rich
minstrelsy.
Instrumental parlor music is now in vogue, and
pianos, cabinet organs, and melodeons are every
where met with. Among the teachers of this class
Thb Old School House. 7S
of music from this town, we may mention Mrs. Fran-
ces Woodfin, Mrs. Betsey (Clark) Everett, Amelia
Clark, Cornelia M. Edgerton, Mary Edgerton (de-
ceased), Martha Clark, Helen Sargent, Jennie Cul-
ver, and Mrs. Maggie Bardwell.
An instrumental band (noticed elsewhere) was or-
ganized in 1802, which continued to play over thirty
J ears. In 1841 a spirited brass band was got up by
ames Wbedon in W est Pawlet, which continued
several years.
We may remark that most of the new societies that
have from time to time arisen among us adopt at first
the old style of music, which argues its adaptedness
to the childhood of churches. We ftirther observe
that the latest phase of church music approximates
in some degree to that which so charmed and fasci-
nated us in our early days and whose ringing tones
still vibrate in our ears.
THE OLD SCHOOL HOUSE.
A description of the school house and school in.
which we received our education from 1811 to 1820,,
will suffice for most of the schools of that day. A.
plain plank building of repidsive exterior, having on
one end an immense stone chimney, through which
there was a grand prospect of the sty, and whose ca-
vernous jaws would hold in their emorace a half cord
of wood, a writing table running round next the wall, .
a row of benches in front made of slabs inverted, sup-
ported on pins like carpenters* horses, a few low
benches in tne centre, a desk in the corner next the^
chimney on which lay the ferule, the emblem of thes
7
74 Pawlbt.
BcIiobl-master'B anthoriiy, and the establishment was
complete.
Alter the fitshion of the day, the teacher would
call the school to order and detail one of the scholars
and invest him with the rule whose duty was to
watch the school and pass the rule to the first trans-
gressor of the rules of school, who relieves guard,
and passes it to the next delinquent, and so on, with
the comforting assurance that whoever got the rule
twice, or had it when the school closed should have
it applied to his own palm. The plan served its
Smrpose, and order and stillness prevailed. These
erulinffs were no joke, especially when the subject
was a uttle spunky.
We have seen ndges raised on both the hands of
a delicate ^1 who would laugh in the face of her
tormentor, while the cowardly boy would make a
loud outcry and be let off easily. It was a matter
of principle with the childrennottociy if they could
help doing so.
!But when flagellations Mled, we were sometimes
required to extend our arm at a right angle with a
heavy rule or book in our hand, the master standing
near to rap our knuckles if our arm fell below a
horizontal line. Or we would be seated on an and-
iron or a block of wood near the chimney corner,
which would be called a dunce-block and the scho-
lars be required to point the finger of scorn at
us. But when wholly incorrigible, as a last resort
we would be placed between two girls. This would
unseal the fountain of tears and force the perspira-
tibn through the hide of a crocodile. We wilted
then. But alas ! such was the hardening nature of
this capital punishment that its frequent repetition
reconciled us to it, and as we grew older we even
began to relish it.
Arithmetic was taught the boys, and needlework
Fifty Years Ago. 75
the girls (in summer), while all learned reading,
writinff and spelling. Proficiency in spelling was the
test of scholarship, "We were not distracted with a
multiplicity of class-books, but Webster^s old spell-
ing book was at our tongues' end and the English
Reader learned by heart The teacher would set our
copies and mend our goose ^[uill pens and pay little
further attention to our writing. The solution of
the problems in Adams's old arimmetic was the work
of years. Grammar was studied by tiie large boys
in winter. We remember all our teachers by name.
Augustus Frank who was member of congress from
Genesee county, N". Y., was our first teacher. Daniel
Dana, a veteran old teacher, known all over town,
was another. Maiy Lee, who married Eev. Allen
Graves and went missionary to Burmah, was another.
Under these favoring circumstances we were gradu-
ated at the old "Bramtree " school house at the affe
of fourteen. The last teacher who gave the finish-
ing touches, we recollect was employed at the ex-
travagant price of seven dollars per month of twenty-
six days. This may not seem so extravagant, when
we consider that our school only numbered from
sixty to eighty scholars.
FIFTY YEARS AGO.
A comparison between the year 1816 and the
present time, exhibits many striking contrasts. Then ,
as now, we had lust emerged from a bloody war,
though the loss of life and treasure was twenty times
greater in the latter instance than in tiie foiiner.
The close of that war found industry paralyzed, pro-
perty depreciated, banks broken, even the Vermont
76 Pawlbt.
State Bank, founded on the credit of our noble Btate,
and all branches of business, nerveless and drooping.
Those who had contracted debts in the flush times
of the war could not meet them. The laws then
allowed imprisonment for debt The really poor
would go to jail and after a few weeks probation
•♦* swear out** Some, who could not do that would
^ve bail and secure the liberty of the yard. All
tegal devices were employed that would stave off the
payment of debts. I)oubt and distrust pervaded
every circle of society. Mortgage holders would
foreclose and acquire the debtor's property at half
its value. Capitalists who had ready money could
fix their own rates of interest Creditors tnen had
the long end of the whiffletree, and were not slow
ix> avail themselves of it Superadded to all these
'disabilities came the short crops of 1816. It was
then not so much the question who should pay
Ms debts, as who should live tiirouffh it.
The famine and the depletion of the country by
the war, were not the only causes of this deplorable
state of affairs. At the close of that war the charter
•of the old U. S. Bank had just expired, which cre-
ated a monetary crisis, and our tariff was any thing
Ibut protective. GeneralJackson and other heroes
•of that day had infused into John Bull a thorough
xespect for us and consequently unlimited confidence.
He poured into our markets an avalanche of mer-
»chandise which crippled our industry, crushed out
»our infant manufactories which the necessities of
ivar had created and tried, as he is trying to day, to
iinduce us to adopt the principles of free trade while
Shimself maintains the most stringent protection.
The cheap goods thus thrown upon our market
proved our undoing. The consumer, the merchant
and the importer, were all crushed toffether. We
liad few productions that would bear shipment A
Putt Yjbabs Ago. It
little beef and pork, pot and pearl ashes at the north
Arid rice and tobacco at the south, the growing of
cotton being then in its infancy.
Following the course of time, fifty years, let us
note the contrast We have now hundreds of na-
tional banks on as stable basis as the nation itself..
"We have a tariff on imports altogether, the most
stringent in our history, which yields to our national'
treasury, hundreds of nnllions annually — an internal
revenue, which yields two hundred and eleven mil-
lions — a heavy state and local taxation, and yet every
interest of our country is eminentiy prosperous. The-
capitalist is willing to loan money at six per cent ;:
the mortgage holder will not take his pay unless^
compelled; labor is in buoyant demand at three*
times the price of fifty years ago ; manufacturers and!
mechanics are rejoicmg in unparalleled profits ; mer-
chants were never before doing so well ; farmers arc
fattening on their rich returns and every interest of
society is in a flourishing condition ; rents are dou-
bling in our cities ; ladies never before dressed so
richfy, and gentlemen were never before so profuse
in their expenditures.
Colleges are being endowed; church building
ftmds raised ; salaries of the clergy greatly enlarged ;
contributions for missionary and benevolent purposes
augmented. And but recentiy we were sending ship-
loads of provisions to feed our enemies, and jpouring.
millions of dollars into the lap of our Christian and
sanitary commissions. At what period in the his^
tory of our race, was the like ever witnessed ? And
all this in the face of the heaviest taxation ever im-
posed on any jpeople. The soldiers sent from this
town have received in town bounties and state pay,
over sixty thousand dollars, besides government
bounties, pay, clothing and rations amounting to
double that sum. While we credit protection for a
78 Pawlbt.
large share of this prosperity, we are not at liberly
to overlook the recently developed sources of wealtn
within our own borders.
The gold and silver of California, the petroleum
of Pennsylvania and more than all Ihe interminable
wheat and cornfields of tibie glorious west are the
basis of our national wealth. Fifty years ago we
had no canals, the telegraph had not been imagined,
nor the rail road even dreamt of, the express which
visits nearly everjr locally in our vast country and
conveys untold millions nx>m one place to another
had then no existence. Steam was then making its .
maiden efforts to stem the tides of the Hudson.
Mowing and reaping machines which do the work
of twenty men with scythe and sickle were then un-
known. Drills and cultivators and iron plows had
not been invented, but the old wooden Dutch plow,
with two yoke of oxen, a driver, and aboy on the beam
with a clearing stick, and murdering the soil at the
rate of a half acre per day was its principal pulveriz-
er. Then there were not half a dozen carriages in
town and those old quillwheel concerns ; but the
common farm wagon was the vehicle of pleasure as
well as of business.
The power loom, the spinning and sewing ma-
chines, and many other labor saving inventions, had
not been heard of. Instead of the clumsy iron hoe,
shovel and fork, we have the same articles of steel.
It may safely be assumed that two-thirds of the
labor of farming and nine-tenths of the labor of
manufacturing are saved by the implements and ma-
chinery in common use.
Fifty years affo water for household and farm use
was obtained from a spring or brook, or perhaps
from a well, while now almost every house and yard
is supplied . either through pipes or by the aid of
pumps. The well sweep is swept away ; our supplies
Hard Times and Seasons. 79
of water reacli us through the principle of gravita-
tion. Instead of the old fire place which engendered
an uncertain warmth, our houses are thoroughly
heated with stoves and furnaces. Instead of naked
walls and floors the former are clothed with paper
of every brilliant hue ; while the latter are spread
with the richest carpets. What has not the last fifty
years wrought for us ?
HARD TIMES AOT) SEASONS.
In order to appreciate fully the blessings showered
upon us in the present age, it may not oe inappro-
priate that the rtard times and seasons that our fathers
encountered should pass in review before us. The
winter of 1780-81 was of unprecedented severity, the
snow falling to a great depth. It is handed down to
us by tradition that for fif^ successive dajrs the snow
did not melt on the south side of buildings. This
severe weather fell with crushing effect on our set-
tlers, who were poorly supplied with forage for their
cattle and with comfortable dwellings for memselves,
and added greatly to their privations. In 1789 there
were short crops and great destitution. In 1806
there was a drought of great severity, no rain falling
from soeding-time in spring to harvest time. The
consequence was an almost utter loss of spring-sown
crops.
But 1816, which is within our own remembrance,
was the great year of famine. It has ever since been
referred to as tiie cold summer. There were copious
rains in the spring up to May, when a drought set in
; which lasted till September. There were frosts every
80 Pawlbt.
month in the year. Winter grain was a tolerable
crop, but Btunmer grain and grass were almost a
total failure. There was scarcely a bushel of com
raised in town. There was great destitution and
distress in the following winter and spring. Many
cattle perished and many people reduced to the last
extremity. Benevolent people divided their ocanir^
stores with the more destitute, but the selfish took
advanta ge o f the opportunity and put on exorbitant
§ rices, \7hen harvest time came round in 1817,
lose who had early crops divided 'with those who
had none ; some of the ^ain being cut so green that
it had to be kiln dried before it could be around
into flourJ|. It was not the habit of people to lay up
stores bemrehand, and we had then no west to sup-
ply us with bread.
For the last fifW years there has been no year of
general fitilure or crops, though in 1826 the grass-
oppers made serious havoc, and like the locusts of
Egypt consumed nearly every green thing. They
were different from the ordinary grasshopper and
filled the air in such numbers as almost to cast a
•shadow. The next year the caterpillar or army
worm made great devastations and stripped fruit and
forest trees of their foliage. They marched from
west to east in search of fresh fields. In the west
part of the town many fruit trees and most of the
sugar maples were destroyed. Since then the labor
of the husbandman has seldom been unrewarded.
The country did not get over the depression caused
by the war until General Jackson recommended a
protective tariff which was effected in 1882. Since
then the country has passed through the financial
crises of 1836 and 1857, which thouffh many for-
tunes toppled down had but little influence on the
general prosperity of the country. A cloud of
threatening aspect hangs over our immediate ftiture;
Thb Homestead. 81
but let us not distrust the providence that has safely
carried us through the terrible conflicts of the pre-
sent decade.
THE HOMESTEAD.
With many of our fathers the one absorbing sen-
timent or passion was the establishment of a homer
stead and its perpetuation in the family. For this
they planned, for this they toiled. Other considera-
tions had to yield to this or become subservient to it.
Their labors and privations were sweetened by the
thought that here they were preparing a home,^ if
not ror themselves, for those dearest to Siem. "With
pride and complacency they looked upon the fields
they had rescued from the domain of nature, upon
the buildings and improvements they had made, and
exultingly exclaimed with Alexander Selkirk :
** I am monarch of aU 1 8arye7,
Hy right there is none to dispute.**
Not content with a homestead for themselves,
many of them made the greatest exertions to settle all
their children around them and become a patriarch
in their midst. The land they had redeemed from
its wilderness state, which they had cultivated with
their own hands, was to them sacred soil. The
houses they had built, in which their children had
been born and which to some of them had been the
gateway to the spirit land, had become associated
with their tenderest recollections and sympathies,
and no thought was more repulsive to meir minds
than that they should ever become the abode of
strangers. The study of their life, the absorbing
thou^t of their old age, was how to dispose of their
82 Pawlbt.
paternal acres that they might remain integral and
undivided in the family. ^
Kor was this feeling of attachment to the home-
stead confined to the parent How many sweet and
pleasant memories cluster around the spot where
our childhood was passed. WiHi what ridh and un-
dying interest do our minds revert to the scenes of
our early life, the streams in which we baHied and
angled, the nills on which we gathered nuts and
hunted ^ame, the mountains where we picked the
lusciousl)erries, the fields and the gardens through
which our earliest footsteps roamed, the orchard
whose every tree had a name, the school-house where
our young ideas learned to shoot and the play-groimd
where we followed our shorts.
But the inexorable logic of events frustrated many
of these cherished plans. The children, allured by
flattering prospects elsewhere, left the paternal man-
sion, some of them never to return, and many times
drawing after them those very parents who had
fondly hoped here to spend their declining years and
lav their bones. They had the impressive experience
of the lesson that ^^ here we have no abiding place.''
The fever of emigration pervaded whole fiimilies and
communities. They gathered up their household
gods and followed in the wake of the setting sun.
Where now are the Chipmans, the Fitchs, the
Hascalls, the Adams, the Porters, the Harmons, the
Strongs, and hundreds of others that occupied these
lands and filled our high places. To the solemn and
impressive inquiry; Our fathers, where are they?
we may subjoin, Our children, where are (h^f
How few of the loved homes of our fathers are re-
tained by their children ! " Westward the star of
empire wends its way," and man must fulfill his des-
tiny.
[88]
ANTLSLAVERT.
The first instance on record of the manumission
of slaves by military autboriiy took place in this
town in 1777. Capt. Ebenezer Allen, in command
of a company of Col. Herrick's re^ment of Ran-
gers, while on a scouting expedition within the
British lines, captured two daves. In a rescript dated
"Head Quarters, PoUet, 24th Nov. 1777," he sets
them free. In the same spirit Judge Harrin^n
demanded of a southern slave*hunter as a condition
of the rendition of his victim a " bill of sale from
God Almighty," No slave ever entered Vermont
without having his shackles broken. William Lloyd
Garrison, the great apostie of American emancipa-
tion, sdoumed long enough in Vermont to become
imbued with its spirit when he went to Boston and
established the Liberator^ which more than any
other affency has contributed to melt the fetters from
every slave in this broad land. It is somewhat sin-
gular that while the masses of the' state have ever
been among the foremost in asserting the principles
of liberty and equal rights, we have never sent a
Giddings, a Lovejoy, or a Sumner to the halls of
congress. Our pubUc men have been followers, not
leaders, in this great work. They accepted the
result when wrought out by others, but who of them
has filled the proud position of leader?
As with the state so with this town. No out-
spoken abolitionist was allowed to rejpresent us.
Among those of our native and adopted citizens who
have been conspicuous in their advocacy of equal
rights we may mention "William Marsh, Rev. Beriah
Green, Rev. Fayette Shipherd, Ozias Olark and
Paul Hulett. William Marsh lifted his voice, wielded
his pen, and emptied his purse in behalf of liberty.
84 Tbmpbrakob.
Beriah Green consecrated his splendid gifts of ora-
tory to the promotion of the same great object, and
was assiduous and untiring in organizing and con-
centrating effort to bear on the great question.
Fayette Shipherd employed his graceM and impres-
cdve powers of elocution to educate the masses and
imbue them with the spirit of liberty. Ozias Clark
and Paul Hulett were steadfest old " wheel-horses."
On one occasion when we were present the trustees
of the Congregational church refused to open their
doors for an anti-slavery lecture, and when Deacon
Clark sent for the key it was refused. " I can get that
key said he, and strode off down the road — and he
got it. We were not then conscious of the malignant
power of slavery, to effect the overthrow of which
nas cost our country so many thousands of lives and
so, many millions of treasure. When John Brown
left the scaffold at Charlestown, Ya., to take his
Eosition among the " noble army of martyrs *' the
all was set in motion, but it took a four years' war
to solve the problem.
TEMPERANCE.
One of the characteristics of the early inhabitants
of this town, and of the state as well, was their ad-
dictedness to the use of intoxicating drinks. Their
use had so permeated every fibre or society that no
enterprise was undertaken without them. They
were the symbol of good will, the evidence of friend-
ship. They were potent in settlinff difficulties which
perhaps themselves had caused. No public occasion
could dispense with their presence. At weddings
and ftmerals, at courts and elections and in all social
Tempbranob. 85
circles fhey were indispensable. In the professional
office, in the store, and in the shop, in tne field and
at the fireside they were always to be found. The
food of the unweaned infant was steeped in liquor,
and at every stage from the cradle to the grave, its
presence was invoked. At trainings and the rais-
ings of buildings they were specially in demand; at
auctions were used to obtain the highest bids. It
was common for families to have a cask of liquor in
their cellars. Apples were diligently cultivated that
their juice might be converted into poison, and coarse
grains were raised for the same purpose.
Many. people were sensible of the great evil,
but were so enmeshed in its toils as to be unable to
extricate themselves; They would bewail their
condition and resolve to aba^ndbn the habit and then
perhaps go and treat their resolution. It took the
thunder of Dr. Lyman Beecher's six sermons on
intemperance, published about 1825, to awaken them
fi'om tlieir trance. They not only showed up the
groat evil in glowing colors, but unfolded a way of
escape. The simple remedy of total abstinence
from the use, and furnishing distilled liquors, was^
published to tiie world. It took form by voluntary^
associations signing a pledge to that effect. A new
field of labor m the work of reform was opened and
industriously cultivated by those who had faith in
its efficacy. The pledge of abstinence was offered
to people of all ages and conditions and of both
sexes. A large proportion of the youth signed the
pledge, and more of them than of the adult class held
to their integrity.
It is noteworthy that the greatest opponents of this,
work of reform were the moderate dnnkers. How-
ever the leaven spread, the work went on, and a
changed public soutimout was the result, and in a.
short time it become unpopular to drink or furnisbu
8
86 Pawlbt.
liquor to others. A few who signed the pledge in-
dulged in the use of fermented liquors which brought
scandal on the cause and made it necessary to reform
the pledge, so as to require abstinence from all in-
toxicating drinks. This last movement led on by
John Hawkins at Baltimore, Md., in 1840, spread
over the entire country. It was called the W ash-
ingtonian plan, and gave a new impulse to the work.
Many confirmed drunkardswere reformed who were
efficient auxiliaries in reforming others.
When the temperance party was in the ascendant
in the state, a position it soon attained in this town,
restrictive laws on the sale of liquors were enacted
by the legislature. The policy and expediency of
legislation on this subject is a question hardly settled
to this day. Its worst effect was the slackening of
moral effort For the last twenty years temperance
men have rested on their oars, leaving to the minis-
ters of law to perfect the reform. The consequence
is, as might have been anticipated. The use of
liquors is gaining ground with rearftil rapidity, and
we are sorry to perceive amonff the young men and
boj^s. Legislation has done all it can for us ; moral
eftort must come to the rescue or we are lost
Prohibition on the sale of liquor as a beveraffehas
become the settled policy of the state. In all the
difterent phases which the question of legal restric-
tion and prohibition have assumed, the vote of this
town has ever been in favor of the strongest and
most stringent measures. Among our earnest and
foremost advocates of temperance were Rev. Fayette
Shipherd, Col. Ozias Clark, Dea. Joseph Porter,
Sylvester Pitkin and John Fitch.
Since writing the above, in 1866, a new impulse
has been given to the temperance movement A
joint effort is being made by the combined forces of
moral and legal eftort which promises auspicious re-
Game. 87
suits. A staancb temperance friend at my elbow
suggests that the picture above riven of the state of
the cause is rather overdrawn and presents an aspect
too ffloomy. We hope and trust it may prove so,
but have concluded not to alter the text •
GAME.
Marvellous stories were told by the old settlers of
the pleutifulness of game when the country was new.
The common deer, which still inhabits unsettled
portions of the country, was found in great numbers,
and was of signal service in the trying times of the
firat settlement, and in the transition state from the
privations of pioneers to the comforts and conveni-
ences which soon sun*ounded them. Though ex-
ceedingly timid they sometimes approached so near
the cabins of the settlers as to be within reach of
their rifles. Their flesh was capital for food, and
their skins were in great request for clothing, moc-
casins and a great varietv of purposes. An anecdote
is told of Elisha Pratt, father of Capt. James Pratt,
which will bear insertion. In common with other
settlers he was sometimes in a state of great destitu-
tion. One Sabbath morning, while engaged in read-
ing his Bible, his. wife discovered a fine buck in his
wheat field near by and handed him his rifle saying,
there is a noble buck out there, we are almost starv-
ing, had you not better shoot him ? No ! he replied,
the Lord hath sustained us and kept ub alive thus
far, and if it is His will that we should have that
deer to keep us from starving He will cause it to
come some other day. The deer did make his ap-
pearance another day and was secured.
In so high estimation were deer held that before
88 ^ Pawlbt.
the organization of a state government regulations
were made to protect them from destruction from
December to June. Deer-rifts were among the first
officers elected in town, whose dufy was to enforce
these reguflEttions.
The black bear was also common and served
much the same purposes; but unlike the deer he
was always mischievous and sometimes dangerous.
The abundance of game, as well as the necessities
of their situation, led our fathers to cultivate a taste
for hunting, trapping, etc., an employment always
ftiU of excitement and not unfrequently of danger.
'On one occasion Ansel Whedon, who was secona to
!none in relish for these sports, went out cooning alone
and having treed the coon climbed the tree to shoot
his game ; but the night being very dark he could
fet no sight at the animal. He came down, built a
ugo fire at the foot of the tree and watched till
daylight revealed a large bear, at which he fired,
ivounding her severeljr, when she fell into the bed
of coals. Suddenly nsing from this uncomfortable
•spot she made a spring with terrific growls at her
enemy, who made good time for the top of a small
tree, where Ke remained closely besieged until his
voice echoing through the woods brought timely aid.
The bear is not yet wholly extinct. Solomon
Reed, who lives in the southeast corner of the town
near Dorset mountain, can tell you capital stories of
his encounters with them, even during the last few
years.
Beaver meadows, where tradition locates the ha-
bitations of these animals, are found in various paiis
of the town. They have long since disappeared.
The last beaver seen in town was Idlled by Ansel
Whedon about 1800, in a corn field, with his hoe.
Otters and minks were more plentiful. The latter
is found quite frequently now. Dr. Thompson quotes
Gamb^ 89
the price of mink skins in 1842 at from 20 to 40^
cents, according to quality. Two mink pelts were*
recently sold, one for ten dollars and the other for
eleven dollars. Old hunters say that formerly musk-
rat pelts were worth more than mink. The former
are cauffht quite often. "Within a few years Joshua
Potter killed an otter near his residence. Charles
Jones Idlled another measuring five feet eight inches,
but none have been recently seen. A few foxes are
yet found, though not so plenty as formerly. One
of the most excitinff sports or the age is to set a
hound after a fox, who moves in a circle round his
hole, giving the sportsman an opportunity to bring
-down the game. This mode of hunting is about
discontinued and most of the foxes taken now are-
caught in traps. Once in a few years ^ey squirrels,
are plenty and occasionally a black squirrel is found..
The raccoon is sometimes started m a corn field.-
Skunks still infest our poultry yards and woodchucks*
our meadows. The skins of the former sold a few
years ago as high as a dollar and a half apiece; they
are worth less now. In our boyhood piffeons were
so numerous as almost to darken the air m their an-
nual migrations, but of late years few are seen. ' The
eagle bmlt his nest on the most inaccessible cliffs of
our mountains, but is not often seen n«w. The hen-
hawk and the crow remain and are almost the only
legitimate game among birds. A few partridges
whirr past us in the forest and occasionally wild
ducks flit over our streams. The quack of wild
geese is heard periodically from above the clouds.
Indian river was the favorite and last fishing ground
of the Indians in this part of the country. To this
they paid annual visits long after its occupation by
the whites. The locomotive is on the trail of the
' Indian who hunted and fished on what is described
in the old deeds as the Indian river plain. Trout are
90 Pawlbt.
still caught here, but the sportsmen do not allow
them to attain much growth. As game receded to
the northern forests our old hunters and trappers
followed on. Some at the present time make an
occasional trip and bring home trophies of game and
fish.
USAGES, CUSTOMS AND OBSERVANCES.
Our fathers, tried in the fires of the revolution
which had consumed their substance, were men of
nerve and great physical power. Thev came here
to make for themselves a home on the rertile slopes
and luxuriant valleys of this beautiful town, we
have heard and read of their privations, sufferings
and destitutions in the first years of their life in the
woods. How that many of their rude cabins were
without doors and without floors ; how the storms
beat through their bark roofs and wild beasts howled
around their dwellings by night; how that they had
no cellars and nothing to put in them ; how scanty
their wardrobe and still more scanty their fiimiture ;
how a kettle dr two, a ^ew pewter plates and wooden
trenchers, two or three knives and forks, some throe-
legged stools and a straw bed in the comer consti-
tuted their house-keeping articles ; how worse than
all that, they would have no bread for weeks together
and but a scanty supply of meat ; how the children
would go barefoot the year round and often go
supperless to bed ; how that they would go thirty or
forty miles to mill on horseback and sometimes on
their own back.
But amid all these trying circumstances they kept
up heart and hope and bravely triumphed* They
XJsAaES, OusTOMS AND. Obsebyanoes. 91
felled the forest, they cleared the ground, they
planted wheat, and com, and orchards. They soon
exchanged their rude cabins for comfortable dwell-
ings. They raised flax and wool, and tiie music of
the spinning wheel and the rattle of the loom were
heard in every household. In a new country the
better and unselfish traits of human nature are sure
to be developed.
They were kind and friendly and ever ready to
assist each other. In their recreations they would
gather from all parts of the town, and no feeling
of cxclusiveness would mar their eiyojmaonts.
Steadfastly attached to the institutions of the fa-
therland they evinced the greatest solicitude^ to
engraft them on their new home. Old Connecticut
was reproduced, her laws reenacted, her local festivi-
ties observed and Election cake eaten with as keen a
relish as when in their own loved down-country home.
Cheerful toil was the rule, and more cheerftil pastime
the exception. The work of the day done they
would meet in each other's houses and pass the eve-
ning hours.
True to tihe traditions, superstitions and customs
of early New England, they Drought with them, with
many substantial virtues, a belief in ghosts, re-
spect for dreams and hatred to Indians. These con-
stituted the staple of their conversation. The children
with mouth and ears agape drank in these wondrous
tales. In their excited imaffinations eveiy white ob-
{*ect was a sheeted ghost and every dark one a wild
)east or Indian. In their work as well as in their
play thev grouped together. "Whether to build a
house, clear a fallow, or harvest a crop, they would
combine their strength and be sure to get through
in season for a game. Athletic exercises, wrestling,
ball-playing, etc., were their favorites. Time wears
on ; their cabins are exchanged for substantial domi-
92 Pawlbt.
ciles, and the homespun age commences. The
grand old central fireplace radiant with sparkling
lame ; the spacious kitchen with its oaken floor ; a
loom in one comer and spinning wheels all around ;
its ceiled walls decorated with the products of the
spindle, while overhead hunff festoons of dried apples
and circlets of pumpkins. The shelves of the pantry
f listen with burnisned pewter and the trusty rifle
anffs over the mantel.
The sturdy farmer in his leather apron, and troops '
of boys in roundabouts are bustling around, while
the busy housewife and her bevy of rosy-cheeked
daughters clad in the garments their own hands had
spun and wove and put together, completed the pio-
ture. Without, the welUfiUed granary, the well-
stocked stable, tiie orchard, the sugar-bush, tiie
golden wheat field, the valleys standing thick with
com, the tapering well-sweep from whose point
swings the bucket,,
" The old oaken bucket, the iron bound bucket,
The moBs-coyered bucket that hangs in the well."
Within is heard the clatter of the loom, the hum
of the busy spindle, while without is heard the
clangor of the flail and the ax, which " redoubling
strokes on strokes on all sides round the forest hurk
her oaks headlonff."
The men and Doys have their hunting parties,
trainings, raisings and huskings, and the women
their quiltings and apple-cuts. By the way, speak-
ing of apple-cuts, did you ever attend an old-
fashioned apple-cut? T^e have^ and even its me-
moiy warms the blood chilled by the frosts of sixty
winters. How much of fun and frolic ! How
many happy hours ! Every house and cabin gives
up its juveniles who flock to the rendezvous, single,
in pairs and groups. The younger strata fill up the
Usages, Oustoms and Obsebvanoes. 98
comers and vacancies. Amid the wagging of tongues
and bursts of laughter the work goes merrily on.
Soon the last basketful is reached and disposed of,
pans and peelings gathered up and the pie passed
round. Then comes a calm, but it is only the still-
ness that precedes the storm. Some wide-awake
girl attacks a fellow and brings him up standing in
the middle of the floor, the whole company circle
around them, from stairway and chimney-comer
they come and round and round they go.
The scene changes and snap and catch-em is the
play. How some of those girls would run ! "What
suppleness in their Joints ! What a spring in their
instep ! What fox-like doubling on their track ! It
was all your neck was worth to catch them as
they scampered round the rinff, over chairs and
across the hearth. But when fairly hunted down
thoy did turn at bay and with disordered hair, flash-
ing eye, crimsoned cheek and panting bre.ath they
fell into your arms ; what a glorious surrender !
The ring breaks up and round the chimney to the
tune of "The needle's we, you can't deny," march
on the gleeful throng. Little fellows raise their tiny
hands that some six-footer may pass under. Ejissing
and laughing is not done by rule, and lads and lasses
run wild wim unfettered sport. But apple-cuts must
have an end, perhaps among the small hours of the
next morning. Then comes the trying time ! things
are hustled on ; the boys stand hat in hand ; some
have lost their tongues ; the bold win and off thev
go. Hearts are broken, but they will heal and break
again.
Old time marriage observances claim a passing
notice. Vehicles being scarce, we will mount the
aspirant for matrimonial position on his trusty nag.
He reins up beside some convenient stump and witn
one bound the blushing bride is on the pillion. On
94 Pawlbt.
»
ihey speed to old Sqpire Adams or the minister,
who receives them with a genial face and a merry
twinkle of tiie eye. The pair are united, the silver
dollar paid ana home they go. Perhaps a signal
horn sounds, on the distant hillside, then the drums
rattle, the horns blow, the pans clatter and a motley
throng ^thers at the matrimonial quarters. If the
latch-strinff is out all goes well; a merry hour they
spend and liome they go. And then the bundling —
but let tnat pass.
Among the sweet and pleasant gatherings of the
old times is the sugar party. Sugar-making is an un-
romantic business, but when through the openings
of the forest you discover a party of young men and
maidens, including the girl you love best, coming to
enjoy a sugar treat, how your heart bounds in its
pnson-house ! How delicious the repast, as the happy
Soup ffather round the smoking kettle and help
emselves !
In these homespun times family visits were made
in the evening, instead of the afternoon tea-party
both sexes met in the evening when a substantial
table was spread, perhaps a turkey or sparerib, at
least the best the house afforded. They were great
believers in omens, and dreams were of great signi-
ficance, especially when twice repeated, an event
quite likely to happen after late suppers.
With our fathers the Sabbath commenced at sun-
down on Saturday and closed at the same time on
Sunday. Preparations for Sunday living were made
on Saturday ; the pudding boiled, so that by evening
business of all kinas was suspended and the Sabbath
was strictly observed. Sunday evening was a season
of relaxation (as with the Romanists after Lent the
carnival). Families visited ; there was a reunion of
friends and lovers and a good time generally.
Funeral rites were attended with more solemnity
XTsAQES, Customs and Observances. 95
and ceremony than they obtain at present The de-
ceased, borne on men's shoulders, whatever the dis-
tance, and attended by pall-bearers, was carried
silently and reverently to tne last resting place. At
the grave, which was always closed before the assem-
bly withdrew, it was expected that the father or hus-
band or next friend would tender the thanks of the
mourners.
, Ordinations and Quarterly meetings were occasions
of great interest and attended by all the country
round. Baptismal rites, when pertormed by immer-
sion, were seasons of special interest. A procession
would bo formed, preceded by the elder and deacons
and followed by the choir, candidates and congrega-
tion, would repair to the river side, the choir singing
hymns as it moved on.
Church music, though perhaps devoid of the
artistic grace and accuracjr of its present develop-
ment, was animating and spirit stirring in the highest
degree. In the ear of what old citizen do not the
notes of Father Griswold, Benoni Adams and Seth
P. Sheldon, still linger ?
Our churches were then unprovided with stoves
or furnaces which were poorly compensated by foot-
stoves. At noon in winter the whole congregation
would repair to their homes or some neighboring
house to partake of refreshments and replenish their
stoves. Our old churches were large structures, cool
and airy in summer, and decidedly so in winter.
Furs were greatly more in use than at present and
served a good purpose. Interesting music, warm
hearts and self-aenying devotion did the rest, and
the churches were well filled.
A few gentlemen of the old school sported the
beaver hat, silk stockings and velvet small clothes,
while tiie masses were clad in homespun. Ladies
of any pretensions would be arrayed in scarlet
96 Pawlbt.
cloaks, gold beads and muff and tippet of large
dimensions.
It was required of bovs to bow on entering ahouse,
or passing a person in the street, while the salutation
of the girls was a curious movement involving the
falling and rising inflection of the joints.
MERCHANTS.
Trade and commerce are the great agencies of
civilization, and throuffh their medium the trea-
sures of this entire globe are brought within our
reach, and made to subserve our comfort and con-
venience. The furs with which we shield our per-
sons from the rigors of this northern clime are
brought, it may be, from Hudson's Bay and the
great northwest wilderness; the bufelp robes we
wrap around us from the slopes of the Rocky mount-
ains. Our feet are shod witn the hide of an ox that
run at large on the pampas of South America. Our
clothing made from the wool of sheep that roam at
will over the interminable plains of Australasia or
Central Africa. The tea whose fra^*aiice we inhale
grows at our antipodes ; our coffee m Java, Arabia,
or perhaps Brazil. The rich spices with which our
food is seasoned come from the islands of the Pacific
and Indian ocean. Our sugar, moistened with the
tears and blood of hapless slaves, is brought from
Cuba, The sperm with which we light our dwell-
ings and lubricate machinery is procured from among
the icebergs of the Arctic ocean. The silks in whicli
we array our persons are the product of the looms of
southern Europe. The feathers with which we de-
corate our hats, the ivory with which we chew our
food, from western Africa. The perfumes of our
Merchants. 97
toilet are from central Europe, oar delicious fruits
from the coasts of the Mediterranean, dainties and
delicacies from all parts of the torrid zone. The
mahogany and rosewood of our parlors and all our
rich colors have their origin in Central America.
The medicine that soothes our pain from Turkey,
that which rives tone to our enfeebled systems from
the slopes of the Andes. Wines and brandies from
southern Europe, diamonds from the Amazon and La
Plata, pearls firom the Indian ocean,, and India rub-
ber from southern Asia. Cashmere shawls from the
heights of the Himmaleh, our richest carpets from
eastern Europe, our finest lace from Belgium, and
latest fashions from France. And nearer home:
gold from California, silver from Nevada, copper
from Superior, lead from Illinois, petroleum, coal
and iron from Pennsylvania ; beef and flour from
the valley of the Mississippi ; fish from the mouth
of the St. Lawrence; oysters from the Chesapeake,
and we have not named half that habit has made
necessary. And how do we pay for all these plea-
sant things and luxuries ? By shipping abroad our
surplus cheese, butter, wool and potatoes.
To exchange these commodities is the province of
the merchant In the minds of many the name of'
merchant is associated with fraud, deceit and extor-
tion. We have been there^ and we do not endorse the
charge. We propose to enumerate as consecutively
as may be, those who have been engaged in this
business in this town for the last century.
At the village we begin with Col. William Fitch,
who was a kind of commissary to Col. Herrick's.
regiment of Rangers in 1777. After him were Joel
Harmon, Ephraim Fitch, Dorastus Fitch and Silas;
Fitch, Phineas and Return Stronff, Hart & Judson,,
Reed Edgorton, George H. Purple, Horace Clark,,
Russel 0. Wheeler, HaiTey Baker, William WaU
9
98 Pawlbt.
lace, Thomas J. Swallow, George Edgerton, Martin
D. Strong, David Whedon, Jr., Hiram Wickham,
William Sheldon, John Allen, Hemy W. Leach,
Daniel H. Bromley, Adams L. Bromley, RoUin 0.
Wickham^
Charles W. Potter, James Bice, Daniel W. Brom-
ley and Collins Blakely are in the business now. At
the factory village, the agents of the Pawlet Manu-
&ctaring Company, John Guild, Milton Brown,
WilUam Sheldon and Marson Edgerton kept store.
There was also a Union store here in 1851, Daniel
H). Bromley, agent. In the south part of the town,
Stephen Pearl, at an early day, and later, Judson^&
Baker; near the centre, Elkanah Cobb and Andrew
Henry; at West Pawlet, Joseph Ackley, Seely
Brown, James S. Brown, Ira Goodrich, Theron
Norton, Payette Buckley, Sylvester Norton, Elihu
Orvis, Elislm Marks, Ira Marks. Union store, 1851-
52, Theodore Stevens, John J. Woodard, William
Sheldon, Thaddeus D. Sheldon and Judson B, Har-
low, agents; Jeremiah Clark, John J. Woodard,
f^uben Marks, Hiel HoUister, Martin V. B. Pratt,
ames Houghton, Frederick M. HoUister and John
A. Orr. A&. Pratt still follows the business. At
North Pawlet a Union store, Division 280, was kept
from 1851 to 1861, Lewis Lincoln, agent.
MAEEETS.
As, in all new countries, for several years after the
settiement of the town was commenced, there was
little produce to go abroad to market. The constant
additions to our population required all that was
grown for home consumption. Ir otash, to the manu-
Physioians akd Disbasbs. 99
facture of which our citizens paid early attention,
was about the only article that would command the
cash, or warrant transportation to markets. Furs
and skins to a Umited extent may be added. The
rich valley of the Mohawk supplied the then sparse
population of the cities and villages on the Hudson.
In the early vears of the revolution wheat was worth
onlyabout forty cents per bushel at Albany.
When the town was generally brought under
cultivation, and a surplus of produce acquired, Lan-
singburffh at first and afterwards Troy were our
Srincipal markets. Cattle and sheep were mostly
riven to Boston.
The expense of transportation to Troy for many
years was only twenty-five cents per hundred and
coarse grains would har^ admit of transportation
even at that low price. The current of trade was
changed to some extent when the northern canal was
opened about 1820, though many still continued to
haul their freight direct to Troy. On the opening
of the rail road in 1852, freight business was done
almost exclusively through that channel. The occu-
pation of the teamster was gone. Our present
principal articles of shipment are cheese, butter,
wool and potatoes, to which may be added fruit and
poultry to a limited extent
PHY8ICIA2TS AND DISEASES.
The noble art of healing has been well repre-
sented by its practitioners and disciples in this town.
Our early physicians were among the most noted in
tibe state. Dr. Lemuel Chipman being the first
president of the Vermont meaical socie^ and Dr.
100 Pawlbt.
John Sargent, the first president of the Rutland
county medical society.
Theearliest practitioners of medicine in this town
were Eliel Todd and Abishai Moseley in. the north
Tpart and Lemuel and Cyrus Chipman in the south
part of the town. Jonathan Safford succeeded Drs.
Todd and Moseley, and John Sargent and Oliver L.
iHarmon, the Chipmans. Next to these and with them
-were Samuel Potter, Ithamar Tilden, Warren A.
Cowdry, John Sargent, Jr., John L. Chandler, James
H. Willard, Alva Paul, Isaac Monroe, Aaron Qood-
«peed, Merrill, John Cleveland, Charles Hough-
ton, Phineas Strong, Jr., and Renselaer G. Monroe,
•who all practiced medicine for longer or shorter pe-
Tiods in this town. Our present physicians are "War-
ren B. Sarffent, and A. Sidney Houffhton at the vil-
lage, and M. H. Streeter at West Pawet Sketches of
most of these will be found in the chapter on Familv
iSketches. Annexed is an alphabetical list of all
the physicians Who have practiced here, or who have
received their medical education in whole or in part in
this town, so fer as known or remembered : Frederic
W. Adams, Daty Allen, Allen Andrus, Baker,
Charles Beman, Joseph Blossom, Charles W. Bourn,
George W. Bromley, Simon Burton, JohnL. Chand-
ler, Lucius M. Carpenter, Lemuel Chipman, Cyrus
Chipman, Gilbert Churchill, John Cleveland, John
•Cleveland, Jr., John Cook, Warren A. Cowdry,
Joshua Edgerton, William TJ. Edgerton, Jonas Fay,
Byron Flowers, Alfred Gregory, Aaron Goodspeed,
Abel Hannah, Ezekiel Harmon, Jr., Oliver L. Har-
mon, David A. Hascall, John E. Hitt, Calvin Hol-
lister, Charles Houdbton, A. Sidney Houghton,
Campbell Johnson, Frank Jones, Nathan Judson,
Sylvester Kent, Henry W. Leach, Joseph Loomer,
J. W. Marshall, Silas Meacham, Merrill, Isaac
Monroe, Renselaer G. Monroe, Orville Morrison,
Phybioians and Dibbases. 10£[
Abishai Moseley, Alva Paul, Elyah Porter, Mosesi
Porter, Jr., Moses Porter, 2d, Eobert Porter, Samuel
Potter, 0. W. Potter, Samuel Potter, Jr., George-
Potter, Jonathan Safford, Safford, John Sar-
gent, John Sa^ont, Jr., Warren B. Sargent, Arte-
mas Sheldon, Hiram Sheldon, Justin F. Simonds^.
Justin Smith, James Smith, Phineas Strong, Jr.,.
Thomas D. Strong, Ithamar Tilden, Plulo Tilden,,
Eliel Todd, Norman Towslee, Socrates H. Tryon,.
James H. Willard.
At the first settlement of the town fever and ague*
prevailed to a considerable extent. And since,
though no town can boast of a more healthful at-
mosphere or of purer water, it has been subject to a
great variety of diseases. The epidemic of 1812 to»
1814, which was so destructive to life in many parts*
of the state claimed but few victims here. Con-
sumption was more prevalent forty or fifly yearsj
ago than of late years. Seventeen young womeni
died of that disease in the north part of the town in
the space of two years. It has always prevailed to*
a greater or less extent. In 1845 the small pox
spread to an alarming extent on the mountains in
the south part of the town. There were forty per-
sons attacked by the disease, all of whom with the
exception of one child recovered. This disease left
its impress on the countenance of many of our citi-
zens, and to the skill and faithfulness of our physi-
cians. Doctors Warren B. Sargent and Charles
Houghton, together with the prompt sanitary mea-
sures of our select men, Jeremiah Bushee, David
Blakely and David Carver, may be attributed, under
Providence, our singular exemption from fatal re-
sults. During the last five or six years diptheria has
prevailed to an alarming extent and has proved fatal
m many instances. Also the spotted fever this year
and the last.
[102]
ATTOBNEYS.
The profession of law has been well represented
in this town from its earliest infancy. The confi-
dent expectation then entertained that this town was
destined to become the connty seat of the present
counties of Bennington and Rutland induced a large
number of educated men to settle on the contem-
plated site of the village in the south part of the
town. Among them were three or four attorneys,
graduates of colleges. Jonathan Brace, Israel Smith,
rToah Smith and Truman Squier, settled here and
commenced the practice of law. Disappointed in
this, Jonathan Brace returned to Connecticut, Israel
Smith remove4 to Rutland, Noah Smith to Benning-
ton, while Truman Squier remained some twenty
years and fell back on Manchester.
The next attorney we hear of was Daniel Church,
who practiced law at the village and afterward at'
Arlington and Bennington, and died near Toronto,
C. W. After him came Nathaniel Hunt and Na-
thaniel Hamblin; the latter remained several years,
but they both removed to Ohio. Next we find Na-
thaniel Harmon who followed the profession some
forty years till his death. Leonai'd Sargent opened
an office here when first admitted to the bar, but
soon removed to Manchester. George W. Harmon
succeeded his father, Nathaniel Harmon, remained
a few years and removed to Bennington. Fayette
Potter and Jerome B. Bromley are the only prac-
ticing attorneys now in town. Wo subjoin a list of
attorneys who have practiced law or originated or
received their education here : Horace Allen, Isaac
Allen, Merritt Allen, Royal C. Betts, A. Judson
Blakely, Sheldon Blakely, Robert S. Blakely, Jona-
Thb Mothers of thb Town. 108
than Brace, Daniel W. Bromley, Jerome B. Brom-
ley, Aaron Clark, Daniel Ohurch, James Crocker,
Josepli K. Edgerton, Chester Edgerton, Fayette S.
Pitch, Nathaniel Hamblin, Nathaniel Harmon, Ira
Harmon, George W.Harmon, AsaHascall, Lebbeus.
Hascall, Ralph Hascall, Galen K Hitt, Marvin Hol-
lister, James Hopkins, Nathaniel Hunt, Walter
Hurlbut, B. Newbury Loomis, Charles Meigs, John
K. Porter, Edwin Potter, Payette Potter, Leonard
Sargent, Henry H. Smith, Israel Smith, Noah Smith,
Eolun P. Strong, Truman Squier, Augustus S yke s,
John H. Wilcox, Oyrenus M. Willard, Charles Win-
chester.
THE MOTHERS OP THE TOWN.
Our history will be glaringly incomplete if we do
not devote a chapter to the mothers of the town who
stood in their lot and bore their full share of the
anxieties and toils, privations and sacrifices incident
to laying the foundations of society in a now coun-
try. In addition to their domestic and maternal
duties they not infrequently assisted their husbands
in the field, in clearing land and harvesting crops.
Besides the whole labor of carding, spinning, weav-
ing and making up their own and their families'
wardrobe, beddinff, etc., devolved on them. And
in addition to all mese labors many of them devoted
much of their time to gratuitous attendance on the
sick.
Many of them had an intimate knowledge of herbs
and roots growing in the woods, and their services in
tlio absence or scarcity of physicians were frequently
called in requisition. Besides, we cannot fully appre-
^
104 Pawlbt,
ciate tihieir trials without considering the habits of
thought and superstitions of those days.
Implicitly believing in supernatural appearances
they had not only to confront real dangers but those
that had their origin in a perverted imagination.
Hence when left alone, as they frequentlv were in
their solitary huts, they were a prey to all the horrors
the mind can conceive of. It is hardly too much to
say that our mothers toiled sixteen hours each day
besides the frequent interruptions of their hours of
rest It seems almost incredible that they should en-
dure the hardships that fell to their lot, and yet so
many of them attain the age of eighty, ninety and
even one-hundred years, fi is believed that a com-
parison of longevity would show them to have feUen
short of that of the fethers. We give below a list,
probably imperfect, of those who attained the affe of
eighty years and upwards. Wore wo to include tlioso
wno attained to three-score and ten the number would
be more than trebled: Mrs. Zebadiah Andrus, 94 ;
Mrs. Isaac Beall, 81; Mrs. Selah Betts, 87; Mrs.
David Blakely, 86; Mrs. Jonathan Blakely, 85;
Mrs. Nathaniel Carver, 80 ; Mrs. Lemuel Chase, 87 ;
Mrs. Ozias Clark, 96; Mrs. Asahel Clark, 82; Mrs.
' Luther Cleveland, 86 ; Mrs. Moses Cleveland, 80 ;
Mrs. Josiah Crocker, 84 ; Mrs. John Crapo, 81 ; Mrs.
Simeon Edfferton, 85 ; Mrs. Simeon Eagorton, Jr.,
81; Mrs. Abiatha Evans, 103 ; Mrs. Benjamin Pitch,
83 ; Mrs. Gideon Gifford, 91 ; Mrs. Sylvanus Gregory,
82 ; Miss Minerva Gregory, 80 ; Mrs. John Gris-
wold, 92 ; Miss Polly Hall, 88 ; Mrs. Arunah Hanks,
87'; Mrs. Joseph Hascall, 90 ; Mrs. Ashbel Hollister,
82 ; Daniel Hulett, 83 ; Mrs. Joseph Jones, 80 ;
Mrs. James Leach, 87 ; Mrs. Abner Lumbard, 80 ;
Mrs. Roswell Loomis, 86 ; Mrs. Cornwall Marks,
87; Mrs. Judah Moffitt, 83; Mrs. Timothy Nye,
84; Mrs. Jacob Perkins, 89; Mrs. ElkanahPhil-
Bail Eoad. 105
lips, 85; Elisha Pratt, 90; Mrs. Moses Porter, 101 ;
Mrs. Simeon Reed ; Mrs. Nathaniel Robinson, 90 ;
Mrs. Jonathan Robinson, 82 ; Mrs. Joel Simonds,
86 ; Mrs. Samuel Stratton, 88 ; Mrs. Reuben Toby,
82 ; Mrs. Rosabella Tuttle, 96 ; Mrs. Seth Viets, 80 ;
Miti. David Weeks, 89 ; Mrs. Margaret Wheeler,
88 ; Mrs. Isaac Wickham, 82 ; Mrs. Joseph Wil-
lard, 80;
RAIL ROAD.
The Rutland and Washington rail road was opened
in 1851. It passes through the valley of the Lidian
river from the summit level in Rupert to West Paw-
let, and thence nearly on the line of the state to
Granville, N. T. Its whole course in this town is
about 2J miles. Liberal contributions were made
by citizens on the line of the road to aid in its con-
struction and no direct return in dividends or other-
wise has been received. As an effect of opening the
road, real estate greatly ajppreciated in value, not
only in its immediate vicimiy but for considerable
distance back.
The character of farming operations was changed
to some extent, as this road opened direct commu-
nication both with Boston and New York, and
heavy bulky articles, not before marketable, found
a ready sale. Many of our farmers engaged in the
cultivation of potatoes, which have usually com-
manded a remunerating price. As potatoes have
always been considered an exhausting crop it was
feared the land would wear out and the supply fail.
But the contrary appears to be the fact, as potatoes
year by year are a more reliable crop, improving in
106 Pawlbt,
size, quality and yield. The cheese manufacture
has also received an impetus and there has been a
large increase in its production.
GEOLOGY.
We cannot discourse learnedly of geology, as we
have but scanty knowledge of the terms and defini-
tions used in the science. However, we may say
that a great diversity of rocks and soils are found in
this town. The exuberant fertility of the soil and
its self-recuperating qualities are doubtless owing to
the peculiar character of its rocks. By the disinte-
gration of the rocks the soil is supplied with aliment
so that almost any exhausted field, if left to itself,
will recover its fertility. In the south part of the
town are extensive beds of the finest limestone,
which were formerlv quarried and burned to a con-
siderable extent. And lime is one of the constitu-
ents of most of the rocks in town.
In the west part are ranges of slate rock of great
extent which yet await development. Experts in
the slate business pronounce these beds to be of the
finest quality. A oeautiful building stone is found
in a range parallel to the slate range which breaks
into right angled pieces with a precision no joiner
can surpass. Though there are no clay-fields of any
considerable extent, yet clay of the best quality for
brick-makinff crops out in various parts of the town.
Here and there all over the town are deposits of
muck, the value of which as a fertilizer we have not
yet learned to estimate.
And we are told by Professor Eights that one of
the best peat-fields in America is found on the pre-
QfiOLoaY. 107
mises of Oonsider S. Bardwell, near the rail road.
It is understood that parties from Troy, N. T., have
recently bought of Mr. Bardwell thir^ acres of this
Seat-field for the aggregate sum of thirteen thousand
ve hundred dollars, which they have paid. It is
expected that this peat will be used as fuel on
the rail road. It will be lucky for the road as well
as for the public if it answers that purpose as wood
is growinff scarce.
The sou of the town is mostly susceptible of culti-
vation even to the tops of the mountains, all but two
or three of which can be tilled to their summits.
And many fields that cannot be plowed make excel-
lent pastures. On the banks or Pawlet and Indian
rivers are extensive alluvial meadows enriched bjr
periodical overfiows. A large proportion of the soil
IS a gravelly loam intermingled with slate, and is
adapted to me growth of English grain, Indian corn,
fruit, tobacco, potatoes, etc. It also yields the sweet-
est herbage for our flocks and herds. In no part of
the world does the sap of the sugar maple yield a
larger per centage of sugar.
We notice in Prof. Albert D. Hager's geological
map of the state that the western pai^ of this town is
of the argillaceous or roofing slate formation, while
the eastern part is of thq marble and limestone forma-
tion, interslratified with silicious and ma^nesian slate.
Prof. John L. Edgerton is our only native geologist
who has been conspicuous in this branch of natural
history, and we regret our inability to procure an
article from his pen to enrich our work.
[108]
AEOHITEOTUKE.
To observe the progress and development of archi-
tecture in our houses, churches and other buildings,
is curious and interesting. The pioneer, with no
other tool but an ax, before saw mills were built, would
construct his rude cabin and make it quite comfort-
able. To be sure it would have no floor nor roof,
but what was made of bark — its door perhaps a
blanket; its windows, oiled paper, and its chimney a
rude pile of stones topped off with sticks plastered
with clay, yet its inmates had strong hands and stout
hearts and were probably more exempt from- disease
than the occupants of princely mansions. However
you may be sure that with so enterprising a people
as those who settled the country any discomforts
attendant on their situation were speedilv obviated.
On the introduction of saw mills, better log cabins
were of course constructed, and, as a general thing,
in four or five years thw were superseded bj^ one-
story plank houses of sumcientsizeto be partitioned
into rooms with an unfinished loft above to serve as
dormitories. These in turn soon gave place to the
story and a half, the gamble roofed, some with dor-
mer windows, or perhaps the stately two story house
with pleasant ventilatea chambers and abundance of
room. And perhaps it is not too much to say that
by the year 1810 the town was better supplied with
good roomy convenient dwellings than at the pre-
sent day. Indeed the people of tne town, urged on
by the women who had been hampered and cramped
in their small houses went to the opposite extreme
and built houses not only too large for their com-
fort but too expensive for their means.
As stoves were not then in use more pains were
taken to make the rooms warm by filling in with
Architbcturb. 109
unburnt brick or plaster than now. In 1800 there
were no brick houses in town ; the first erected soon
after that time was the hotel in the village, built by
Ephraim Fitch, and the present residence of Hiram
\Vickham, built by Sylvanus Gregory. Quite a
number of good brick and wooden houses have been
built since, mainly to replace those that have de-
cayed, but one leading improvement has been to
take out the chimneys and rearrange the rooms.
As with dwellings so with churches and school-
houses. The first Cong, church, built by Abiathar
Evans about 1785, was a plain unpretending struct-
ure of one floor, furnished with plain seats, and alto-
gether too small for the growiug congregation.
This stood some fifteen yeara when it was turned
over to hold town meetings in, and the old Con^.
church on the hill was erected, Titus A. Cook, archi-
tect This was a large and imposing structure, with
a lofty dome, belfry and steeple, and two tiers of
windows. It had a gallery on one end and both
sides. Both the ground floor and the gallery, ex-
cept the singei's' seat, were partitioned into square
pews, in which one-third of the audience sat with
their backs to the speaker and another third had to
look over tiieir shoulder. Its inside work was elabo-
rate and in good taste and style, after the fashion of
the day, and altogether it took rank among the first
churches in the state. The next year, 1800, the
church in the west part of the town, on another hill,,
was built, Titus A. Cook, architect, and its interior
arrangements were copied aft«r the Cong, church,,
but it had no belfiy or steeple. The next church
built was the Methodist brick church, erected in
1827. This was a substantial plain edifice, fitted up.
on tiie ground floor with four tiers of slips. Its gal-
lery, which ran round the house, was also provided.
10
110 Pawlbt.
with slips. This, about a dozen years ago, was fit-
ted up for a select school under the name of the
Mettowee Academy. In 1833 the Prot. Methodists
built a church edifice . in the southwest part of the
town, near John Stearns's. The next church erected
was the present Cong, church in the village, in 1841.
It was built under the superintendence of Dan
Blakely and others, building committee, and Elka-
nah Danforth, architect. This is an elegant and
tasteful structure with a vestry in the basement for
occasional meetings. The interior is plainly but
chastely arranged and is a model of pleasantness and
convenience. The only drawback is the necessity
of ascendinff a flight of stairs, which is perhaps ba-
lanced by the convenience of having its furnace in
the basement. It has lately been refiirnished through-
out in beautiful style. In 1863 the new Methodist
church in the village, near the Congregational, was
erected, Elkanah Danforth, architect, and Jonathan
Eandall and others, building committee. Its style and
general arrangements are similar to the Cong, church.
In 1848 the Church of the Disciples at west Paw-
let, Henrv Scoville, architect; and in 1852 the Bap-
tist churcn in the same place, Edmund C. "Whiting,
architect, were erected. These are neat, plain
structures, handsomely arranged in the interior after
the modern style. A small but neat and handsome
church was erected in 1853, on the site of the old
Baptist church. It is used mostly for ftmerals.
The old school-houses were specimens of incon-
venience and all their surrounoings were made a?
repulsive as possible. These have all passed awa}'
and our present school-houses are generally pleasaiil
and attractive. All but three or wur are of brick,
and are being overhauled from time to time and
made better to subserve the great purposes forwhicl
they were erected.
[Ill]
HOTELS.
Probably Capt Jonathan "Willard was the first
innkeeper in town, on the site of the present home-
stead of Henry Allen. Here the town and freeman's
meetings were held, and most of the public business
transacted. His successor was Capt Timothy
Strong, who left in 1^16 or 1817. Since then there
has been no public house kept here, though it con-
tinued for several yeara to be a place of public
resort for trainings, town, officer meetings, etc. At
an early day an inn was kept by Col. Stephen Pearl,
near the present residence of Daniel Hulett
"We have no precise data from which to show who
first kept tavern at the village. The present esta-
blishment was erected in 1808, by Ephraim Fitch,
who kept it till his death, in 1814. After him Lem-
uel Barden, and his son, John T., kept it about
twenty years when it passed into the hands of Col.
Ozias Clark, by whom it was rented to various
parties and kept as a temperance house. Harry
Griswold, Robert Clark, E. Fitch Clark, and per-
haps some othera kept it till it passed from the hands
of Col. Clark. Since then it has been kept by va-
rious parties each for brief periods. We recall the
names of Henry Bostwick, Vail, Chapin Andrus,
Willam Blossom, Jr., Dewitt Hulett, and probably
there have been otheiu The last named is the pre-
sent proprietor. At West Pawlet, a tavern and
store together was built by Eleazer Lyman, in 1807,
which was kept by Joseph Ackley, James S. Brown,
etc. The present residence of Capt. James Johnson
has been kept as a tavern by himself, Elisha Marks,
Innis HoUister, Ira Qibbs and perhaps others.
When the rail road was built Ira Gibbs built a pub-
112 Pawlbt. ^
lie house on the site of the present hotel which he
kept several years and sold to David Woodard.
This was burnt in 1858 and was replaced by the jire-
>sent commodious house which is called tlie Indian
River Valley Hotel. Connected with this establish-
ment is a spacious and beautiful hall, the best
♦connected with a hotel perhaps in the county. Joseph
Armstrong kept tavern twenty-five years in the
north-east part of the town.
Reuben Smith kept tavern whore B. F. Giles now
lives, some twenty years, closing in 1882. At north
Tawlet a public house was erected some sevent}^
years ago by Bethel Hurd, whose successors have
been Joel Simonds, "William Stevens, Willard Cobb,
Jeremiah Arnold, James Bigart, and perhaps some
•others. No tavern has been kept here since 1852.
On inspection of the old town records the names
•of several appear as having been licensed or appro-
T)ated to keep tavern, but we cannot determine the
location of most of them. The Red house owned
l)y Orla Loomis, has been used as a tavern stand.
HIGHWAYS AND BRIDGES.
Few of the highways in this town were located on
the line of lots, but appear to have been laid where
it best suited the nature of the ground or the con-
venience of the inhabitants. Not one of them, we
believe, crosses another at right angles ; but they
wind through the valleys and run over the hills in
every conceivable direction. Many of the highways
instead of running at the base of hills run directly
over them. The reason of this is obvious. The tops
and sides of hills were more easily cleared and put
HlGHWATS AND BrXBGES. US'*
in cultivation than the low grounds at their base;-
hence the first clearings were made on them and the-
roads made accordingly. Since the low ffrounds^
have been cleared this reason no longer exists and
many roads have been changed ; improvement in.
this respect being by no means exhausted.
Originally the mam roads were laid four rods wide-
and the others three rods; but encroachmeuts have*
generally been made on these limits and the highi--
ways have been narrowed down to an inconvenient
width. Considerable attention has been given of
late to the grading and graveling of roads ; the old
log causeways removed and replaced with stone audi
gravel, which, of the best quality, fortunately exists^
m almost every locaUty in town. Experience has;
taught us that it is better and cheaper in the long
run to haul on stone and gravel than to throw up«
the common soil of the road-side.
The extent of water-courses through the town and
their peculiar diagonal direction, render a great
number of bridges indispensable to the public con-
venience. Until within about forty years the bridges-
were built by the voluntary action of the several
highway districts, care having been taken so to ar-
range tne districts that the bridges would be fairly
apportioned among them. Then the bridges were
mostly built on heavy stringers spanning the stream
and resting often on wooden abutments. But as
timber grew scarce and some were disposed to shirk
their proper share of the labor, the people availed
themselves of the provisions of law and devolved
the entire expense of bridge building on the grand
hst.
"Within tlie last twenty years great improvements
have been made in the construction of bridges. The
old wooden abutments have been replaced with
stone; the old-fashioned stringers with framed
114 Pawlbt.
bridges. Within our remembrance there were eight
•^pnbhc bridffes across Pawlet river, now there are
put five, allof them framed and two covered. On
Flower brook there are four bridges, three framed,
and one at the village of stone. On Wells brook one
framed bridge. The smaller bridges, of which
there are a ereat number, are built or being built of
stone. Besides these are a large number of private
bridges. The substantial construction of most of
these bridges, though involving heavy expense, will
probably prove economical.
TOWN FARM.
The state by early legislation made provision for
the maintenance of the poor, leaving the particular
method of support to the several towns. Each town
is required to support its own native poor, unless
they nave gained a residence elsewhere, all who have
gained a residence in town, and all who may chance
to come in from other states and from foreign coun-
tries. No duty devolves on a civilized and Christian
community so sacred and imperative as the proper
care and support of those who cannot take care of
themselves. Hence a great interest has been taken in
the question of the best manner of .performing this
duty. Some have advocated the establishment of
county houses, which must necessarilv take the un-
fortunate away from all those who mignt be expected
to sympathize with thorn, and who from tno tics
of old acquaintance might feel an interest in them.
Besides the larger the body that has charffe of any
business involving expense, the less indiviaual inte-
rest is felt in making the expense as light as possible.
Obhbtbbibs. 116
The course pursued by this town untiOi within a few
years was to dispose of the poor to those who would
agree to keep them for the least money. By this
means they were scattered one, two or more in a.
place and often fell into the hands of unfit persons.
As those who took them intended to make a pro-
fit out of it, it is easy to see that the interests of
humanity might be frequently outraged. Awakened
to a sense of the impropriety not to say inhumanity of
such a course, the town in 1855, appointed Consider
S. Bardwell, Lucius M. Carpenter and Adams L.
Bromle^jr, a committee to purchase a farm where this
class might all be gathered in one family. They
purchased the present town farm for $4,500 and in
the judgment of a great majority it has proved a de-
cided success. The town has generally been fortu-
nate in its agents to take charge of the farm. It is
now managed by John Smith who has leased it for
three years expiring in April, 1867, and who pro-
vides for all the poor, for the use of the farm and
stock. Under the old system it used to cost from
ten to fourteen hundred dollars annually.
CEMETERIES.
There are five or six public cemeteries in town.
The oldest is at the village which has been in use
since 1776. Margaret Wheeler, aged 88, was the
first person interred. It was laid off from the farm
of John Cobb, and is almost entirely occupied.
The next oldest is in the north part of the town
on land given by Caleb Allen. The first interments
were revolutionaiy soldiers. The third is in the
west part of the town on land given by Beely Brown.
116 Pawlbt.
Jacob Perkins was the first person interred in 1801.
This cemetery has been recently enlarged and hand-
somely inclosed, A row of maple trees were pltintcd
around it in 1857. There is another cemetery near
0. S. Bardwell's and another near Andrew "Willard's.
There is another small public cemetery near the
residence of the late Joshua Hulett, and a family
cemetery inclosed with a neat iron fence. In 1866,
a new public cemetery was purchased of Lyman
Wheeler by the town for two hundred dollars.
It is to be inclosed at the expense of the town.
The site is west of the old cemetery at the village
and comprises two or three acres.
BORDER WAR.
As early as 1749, Benning Wentworth, the royal
governor of the province of New Hampshire, char-
tered the town of Bennington, and directly after-
wards several other towns. The province of New
York entered her protest against it, claiming juris-
diction to the Connecticut river under a grant made
by Charles IE to his brother, the Duke of York.
Nothing daunted Governor Wentworth continued
the granting of charters down to 1764, issuing letters
patent to as many as one hundred and thirty towns.
At this time New York appealed to King George
n, who in council of state, June 20, 1764, confirmed
the claim of New York. Surprised at this action of
the crown, yet the settlors construed it as only ox-
tending the jurisdiction of New York in future,
while New York construed it as investing it with
the title to the soil. This assumption created in-
tense excitement, for the settlers having paid for the
Border War. 117
land and obtained title to it under grants from the
crown, could not imagine by what perversion of jus-
tice they could be compelled to abandon the land or
repurchase it of New York. It was quite bad
enough to be placed under the jurisdiction of the
Dutch colony of New York, against whom our jBsir
thers cherished an intense dislike, but to repurchase
tlie land they had paid for and improved was more
than thOT could quietly submit to.
New York, however, proceeded to exercise its ju-
risdiction and issue writs of ejectment against all
who refused to comply with her demands. Upon this
the scttloi'S banded toffcther, constituted committees
of safety and prepared to resist by force the execu-
tion of these writs. In these proceedings this town
sympathized and participated. When the New York
officials crossed the border to execute these legal pro-
cesses, they were seized, and those who would not
respect the great seal of New Hampshire were
stamped with the beech seal^ impressed with twigs of
the wilderness on their naked backs. During this
period an order was obtained from the crown to
stay proceedings until the pleasure of his Majesty
should be more ftiUy known.
But New York, in her greed of acquisition, would
not stop. Some of our citizens were arrested and
sent to Albany jail ; one of whom, after enduring a
long confinement in a filthy cell, vented his spleen
on his Dutch jailoi's in vorso, the last stanza only
of which is remembered :
" I beg and pray, both night and day,
Tho Dutch, with all their gang.
Might swim like smelts in buttermilk
And land at Amsterdam."
The controversy waxed warm; the parties on
both sides became greatly exasperated; the Ameri-
can congress refrained from taking decisive action,
118 Pawlbt.
seeming willing to allow the contending parties to
fight it out between themselves. The New York
authorities issued proclamations of outlawry a^inst
some of our leading citizens. Meanwhile our Green
mountain boys procured arms and ammunition, and
under Ethan Allen organized in defense of their
rights. We cannot give in detail all the events of
these stirring times, suffice it to say we stood our
ground for twenty-six years and wore finally, in
1791, admitted into the Union. Notwithstanding
the pendency of this domestic strife at the breaking
out of the revolution in 1776, we won the first vic^
tory of the war in taking Ticonderoga. On the in«
vasion of Burgoyne in 1777, in his own language,
we " hung like a cloud on his flank," and almost
unaided achieved the signal victory of Bennington.
In the midst of all these tumults our fathers coollv
went to work to establish a state government. A
convention met at Dorset in 1776, which adjourned
from time, to time until Jan. 20, 1777, when it de-
clared the present territory of Vermont a free and
independent jurisdiction under tiie name of New
Connecticut or Vermont. Col. "William Fitch and
Major Roger Rose were our delegates in that con-
vention. It met again in June, 1777, and recom-
mended that each town should be represented in
convention, to meet at Windsor, July 2. This con-
vention met, but owing to the invasion of Burgoyne
and the unsettled state of the country hurriedly
adopted a state constitution, appointed a council of
safety to act during the interim, and adjourned.
The first election under the constitution was held
the first Tuesday in March, 1778, and the first sit-
ting of the assembly the second Thursday of the
same month. Zadoc Everest represented this town
in that assembly. It met again the next October,
when Gideon Adams represented this town.
United States Deposit Fund. 119
These border difficulties and the war with Britain
treatly retarded the settlement of the town. None
ut the courageous and adventurous dared enter its
invitinff fields; the timid and tibie cowardly kept
their distance. It required no ordinary nerve to
face the diUicultics which encompassed the firat set-
tlement of these border towns. Tories and Indians,
the British and New Yorkers were all against them.
How proud should we feel as descendants from this
illustrious ancestry, who have made their mark on
the pages of history and will stand forever as the
prototypes of all that is brave, chivalrous and daring
while earth's records are kept. And how solicitous
should we be to gather and transmit to the latest
feneration the adiievoments of our gallant fathers.
To monument marks the resting place of many of
them, and their names even are fast fading from
human remembrance. Let us gather up what frag-
ments of knowledge are still within our reach and
transmit them to those who are to come after us, as
the richest gift and most priceless legacy in our
power to bestow.
UNITED STATES DEPOSIT FUND.
In 1887, congress made provision to deposit with
the several states the accumulated surplus money in
the treasury. The share of this state was $669,086.74
which was divided among the several towns in pro-
portion to their population. The share of this town
was $4,683.69. The towns by a provision of our
state legislature were to loan the money on adequate
security and apply the income to the support of com-
mon schools.
By further provision, this fund was to beredis-
120 ^ Pawlbt.
tributed every ten years among the towns in propor-
tion to their then population. As the population of
this town has diminished every decade since, with
one exception, it follows of course that a considerable
sum amounting to about one-quarter of the original
sum should be withdrawn. .
When the town farm was purchased in 1856, the
balance of the ftmd was appropriated towards its
purchase, the interest of which is annually paid into
the school fund according to the original provision.
The state still holds a lien on this money, whenever
it shall be required for a redistribution among the
towns or for repayment into the United States trea-
sury.
It might naturally be supposed that the distribution
among the people of the United States of so large a
sum of money, $28,101,644.97, would make money
plenty and easy, but it had precisely the contrary
effect and was attended with the most disastrous
panic known in our history.
DONATION FESTIVALS.
These were introduced about 1880, and have become
general and very popular. In their inception they
were limited to the supply of the pastorate with
such necessary articles as each donor could conveni-
ently spare from his own stores. They subserved
two principal objects, providing additional aid to
the frequently scanty resources of the pastorate and
the bringing into social relations the people of the
f)ari8h so apt to form into cliques and classes having
ittle or no sympathy with each other. We cannot
doubt but that their effect has been to create a better
Basb Ball. 121
feeling in the community, more sympathy among
the people, and between the pastor and people, to
to say nothing of the material aid furnished the
pastor.
^ These festivals are not now confined to their ori-
ginal object, but arc brought into requisition to aid
any unfortunate member oi sociefrj^, who, by sickness,
or accident, stands in need of help.
They are also used to raise ftmds for benevolent
purposes and special public objects. Through their
agency here and elsewhere, churches and parsonages
have been furnished; cemeteries bought, inclosed,
and improved; hospital stores collected for the
army ; soldiers' monuments erected, and Sabbath
school and other public libraries established. Since
money has become the most plentiful article in the
community, donations are almost exclusively made
in cash, and not infirequently from one hundred to
two hundred dollars are raised in an evening. They
have become the festival of the day, and whatever
the object, seldom fail to call out a crowd.
BASE BALL.
As if to anticipate and ^prepare for the dread
exigencies of war, then impending, by a simulta-
neous impulse, all over the country, base ball
clubs were oreanized during the year or two pre-
ceding 1861. r erhaps no game or exercise, outside
of military drill, was ever practiced, so well calcu-
lated as this to harden the muscles and invigorate^
the physical functions. All the po.wers of the sys-
tem were brought into action and subjected toi
severe discipline.
11
122 Pawlbt,
Three base ball clubs were formed in this town^
in 1860 and 1661. The Hickory, at West Pawlet,
the Mettowee, at the village, and the Liberty, at
North Pawlet. These several clubs engaged in
the work with great spirit and earnestness, and had
repeated trials of skill with each other and with
outside clubs. They were sustained with increas-
ing interest until 1862, when a large portion of each
club was summoned to the war. Then, for lack of
men to play the game, they were suspended. Since
the return of peace, a new impulse nas been given
to the game, and the old clubs are being revived.
PAWLET AND WELLS AGRICULTUEAL
SOCIETY.
This association was formed in September, 1857.
Nathan Francis, of Wells, was its first president,
and Ohipman J. Toby, secretary. Grounds for the
fair and a trotting park were laid out on the
premises of David Q. Blossom. The first annual
fair was held on the 6th of October, 1857, and was
a decided success. A very creditable display of
stock, fruits, vegetables and domestic manufac-
tures was made. No premiums were awarded,
but the names of all. winning competitors were
recorded and published. The annual fair was held
on the same ground in 1858; James M. Shaw,
president, and Dr. 0. C. Nichols of Wells, secre-
tary. The annual fair was held at the same place
for the three succeeding years with one exception,
when it was held at the village, Avith undiminished
interest, drawing together crowds of people. In
1869, John S. Ilulett, of Wells, was president, and
Dr. Nichols, secretary. In 1860 and 1861, Allen
Whedon was president, and Dr. Nichols, secretary.
The Lyceum. 123
The absorbing interest felt in the war which
now brooded over our firesides and social circles,
and which banished from our hearts and thoughts
all interests not connected with itself, induced a
suspension, which was then expected to be only
temporary. In these days, people toiled, but it was
rnecnanically ; their minds and hearts were occu-
pied with events transpiring on the battle-field.
Their sympathies were turned towards the field^ of
strife, and expended in efforts to relieve the sick
and mangled victims of the war. Our anxieties
and solicitude were with the loved ones far away,
and we watched the daily papers, expecting each
day to hear that some of them had fallen.
These social gatherings are of great service to a
community, even when conducted on a limited
scale. Through them, we become better acquainted
with each other and learn to appreciate our neigh-
bors. Let us hope, as the clouds of war are dis-
persed, that this peculiar institution of the farmer
may be revived.
THE LYCEUM.
This society grew out of the debating club of
the last generation, and in its present development
is of recent origin. The usual programme of its
exorcises is, first, the discussion of some popular
question, to which service disputants are assigned
at a previous meeting. Volunteers are always
allowed a hearing when there is time. Next the
reading of a manuscript paper, prepared and read
by an editress appointed beforehand. The articles
for the paper are prepared and furnished by mem-
bers of the lyceum or volunteers, and are on almost
every conceivable subject, constituting a bill of lite-
124 Pawlbt.
rary fare of all degrees of merit This is the most
attractive feature of the lyceum, and taxes the wit
and wisdom of the contributors to their fullest ex-
tent The more jokes and pleasant personalities
there are introduced the better the liudience is
pleased,
Declamation, the rehearsal of spicy dialogues and
glee club music are frequently added to the enter-
tainment The lyceum is an excellent school in
which to train the intellectual faculties, and many
lan aspiring youth dates his first upward impulses to
its influence.
These lyceums have been held at the village, at
West Pawlet, and at North Pawlet through nearly
•every winter season for several years. They com-
mend themselves especially to every young gentle-
man and lady whose literary advantages are limited
to the district school.
STOCK.
Horses.
Great attention has been given to the rearing of
good horses from an early day. The stock of the
imported horse Messenger was early introduced,
and in so high estimation was it held that all who
advertised horses claimed them to be of Messenger*
♦extraction. About 1820 Isaac Bishop brought into
the vicinity the celebrated Ilamiltonian, believed to
have been of Messenger blood. From this stock
Rattler, one of the best, if not the best horse over
raised in the state, sprung. This horee was bought
in 1847, when three years old, of Jacob Burnham,
of Middletown, by James Bigart, and, though per-
haps inadequately appreciated at home, has won a
Stooe. 12fr
wide reputation in the western states, in California,,
and even in South America. One of his colts,
second in descent, was sold in Chili, Si A., in 1868,
for thirty thousand dollars. When Rattler was four
years old, Mr. Bigart oflEered, for a handsonxe wager,
to trot him against any horse in the state; The-
offer was not accepted. "We are assured by residents*
of California and Chili, that no stock of horses is-
held in so high estimation in those countries as his.
"We believe he is still kept by Mr. Biffart at Sandy
Hill, N. Y. Many fine horses are annually sold out of*
this town, and a handsome revenue derived from*
their sale. The requirements of the war caused;
heavy drafts on our stock of horses, and they are*
now worth, probably, on an average, two hundredl
dollars each.
OaMe.
In early times each farmer kept a herd of native
cattle, proportioned to the size of his farm^ selling
oflF each year his sui'plus to the city markets. Some
fifty years ago cheese making was introduced, andi
has been gradually extending to the present time.
Fewer cattle, in consequence, are raised for market..
The dairy interest has greatly improved, and cheese-
making almost reduced to a science. The inven-
tion by Joel Stevens of a cheese pan and stove com-
^ bined, furnished greatly improved facilities for its
manufacture. The establishment of a cheese fac-
tory in 1864, by a dairjr association at West Pawlet,
and of another at the village in 1865, absorb most of
the cheese making interest in town. The statistics
of these factories will be given elsewhere. But
little attention has ever been given to the fatteninff
of stock for market ; those we have usually turned
oft* being mostly grass fed.
English cattle of various breeds have been l)rought
126 Pawlbt,
on from time to time to mix with our native breeds,
but we have no Bvstematic stock-breeder in town.
The high price oi cheese and butter, the former
from 18 to 22 cents per pound and the latter from
40 to 50 cents, has created a brisk demand for cows,
which now sell for from sixty to one hundred dol-
lars each. Oxen and young stock are proportion-
ably hi^h.
As with cattle so with sheep; our farmers for
many years only kept a supply for tiieir domestic
wants, and those only of the native breed, selling
off yearly a few surplus ^ass-fed wethers. Before
1812 there were but few, if any, fine wooled sheep in
town. About that time Ool. Humphreys, of Con-
necticut, brought here a few choice sneep, descended
from his original importation in 1802. The ob-
jstructions to commerce during the times of the em-
bargo and the war with England in 1812, had in-
duced the establishment of woolen factories in this
town, and throughout the country, and a finer grade
of wool was in demand. Merino sheep were soon
diffused throughout the town and a new era in
sheep breeding was inaugurated. Wool soon be-
came a principal staple. About 1825 Saxony sheep
were brought in ana crossed with merino grades.
This did not prove satisfactory, as tenderer sheep
and lighter fieeces were the result. To counteract
this the Bakewell breed were soon after introduced,
which gave less satisfaction. It will be borne in
mind that during all these earlier efforts to improve
sheep but few people attempted to raise pure
blooded sheep, but our highest ambition was satis-
fied with grade sheep. During the present docudo
a new impulse has been given to the sheep interest
by the introduction of the improved American me-
rino. The key-note to this last movement has been
full bloods.
Stock, 127
A few prime flocks of this class have been started
in town. The wool growing interest has been de-
pressed for the last year or two, and our shepherds
have wished themselves out of the business. New
encouragement, however, has been afforded them
by an act of congress, passed in March, 1867, in-
creasing the tariff on imported wool. By this act
the importer of wool pays a duty to government on
wool that comes in competition with ours about as
follows, duty payable in gold : On wool worth over
thirty-two cents at the place whence last exported
to the United States, the duty is twelve cents per
pound and ten per cent, ad valoreniy giving us pro-
tection on wool worth forty cents per pound to the
amount of sixteen cents per pound in gold. n wool
worth less than thirty-two cents per pound (say twen-
ty-five cents) the duty will amount to about twelve
and three-quarter cents per pound also in gold. On
woolen goods, and especially on ready made cloth-
ing, the duty is much higher. This act, passed in
the last affonies preceding the dissolution of the
thirty-ninth congress, will save hundreds of mills
from suspension and put new life and hope into the
wool-growing interest.
Though swine are raised mainly for home con-
sumption, and are not a leading article, we notice
that unwonted interest is taken in their improve-
ment. Perhaps the best, at least the most popular
breed, is the Chester county. These are fast sup-
planting most other breeds. The elephantine ear
and the alligator snout have passed away. Our
hogs, to a great extent, are grown and fattened on
the refuse of the daily.
Poultry.
This important department of husbandry has not
been overlooked, but has shared in the general
128 Pawlbt.
improvement of the age. New varieties of fowls
have been introduced, and from their names, Shang-
hai, Cochin China, etc., we infer that the wlioTo
eastern world has been laid under contribution to
supply our market Turkeys, also, which not un-
frequently earn their own living, have, by judicious
breeding, been raised from twenty-five cents each,
by the lock, to two dollars, within our remem-
brance. Geese are more neglected, but to those
favorably situated, it is one of the most profitable
branches of business.
Dogs.
This disinterested friend of man, and but for
his sheep-killing propensities, the universal favorite,
claims recognition. He has furnished a topic for
brilliant forensic display to the assembled "wisdom
and virtue" of the state for several years, and surely
a subject that occupies so much of the time of our
legislature, must not be overlooked by the humble
chronicler. The leading question by our local
assessors is : Have you a dog ? If satisfied on this
point, you are let off easily. We hear little of late
of the music of the hound, as he follows his prey,
guided alone by the sense of smell. The bull-dog,
the grey-hound, the spaniel, the terrier and the cur
of low degree are fast disappearinff. The shepherd
dog alone retains his position and is raised almost
to the entire exclusion of all other dogs. No dai-
ryman considers his establishment complete without
one of them.
[129]
GENERAL CENSUS OF THE TOWN.
The population of the town, according to the
United States census, was as follows, to wit:
In the year 1791, population 1458 ; 1800, 1938;
1810, 2233; 1820, 2155; 1830, 1965; 1840, 1748;
1850,1843; 1860, 1540.
GENERAL HISTORY OF THE WAR OF
1861-.1866,
Our town was represented in most of the infantry
regiments raised in the state ; in the cavalry, sharp
shooters and batteries. Also, in several New York
and other state organizations. Our volunteers were
in almost every campaign, expedition and battle of
the war, from that at Great Bethel, June, 1861,
where the gifted Winthrop gave his young life to
his country, to the closing battles around Rich-
mond.
They were in the ill-fated campaign of General
McGlellan in 1862, in his abortive efforts to take
Richmond. They confronted the guerillas and
cow-boys of Eastern Virginia under Stuart and
Mosby. They were at the siege of Vicksburg
and the sanguinary fights in that vicinity; they
were in the fruitless campaigns of Generals Pope,
Burnside and Hooker, and largely contributed to
the triumph of General Mead at Gettysburg ; they
fought above the clouds on Lookout mountain;
they were under General Sherman at Chattanooga,
at l^alton, at Atlanta, and accompanied him in bis
triumphant march to the sea-coast at Savannah,
180 Pawlbt,
and thence to Oharleston, Oolumbia and Raleigh ;
they were with the impetuous Sheridan, in his
daring and successful march through the Shenan-
doah valley ; they were with General Banks, in his
various expeditions, and at the taking of Mobile ;
they shared in the bloody flanking movements of
General Grant, from the Rapidan to the gates of
Petersburg ; they endured the horrors of Libby,
Bellisle and Salisbury; they suffered tortures at
Anderson ville, which no adjective in any language
can fittingly describe. No! Gather all the atrocities
noted in the pages of history for all time — tl\e
Black hole of Calcutta, the French Bastile, the
Spanish inquisition, the New York Sugar house,
and the Dartmoor prison, the wholesale slaughter
of the Sepoys — put them all in a balance, and for
cool, calculating, damning fiendishnoss, Anderson-
ville outweighs them all !
It was the death throe of slavery, the finale of
that most atrocious wrong. And who is in doubt
as to the author of these horrible crimes? Shall we
hang the miserable subordinate, and honor the
guilty principals ? Shall we receive back into the
councils of the nation the perpetrators of these
abominable outrages ? Shall we place within their
merciless grasp those, who at the hazard of their
lives, befriended and assisted us ? Those who fed
our starving fugitives and guided them to places of
safety ? And more than all, shall we break our
faith to those who trusted us? In short, shall we
punish our friends, and reward our enemies ? For-
bid it. Almighty God ! And ! if there be in the
armory of heaven one thunderbolt hotter than any
other, will it not be hurled against the nation capa-
ble of such base ingratitude ?
War of 1861-1865. 181
First RegirrwfU.
This regiment enlisted for three months, was
mustered in the service May 2, 1861, and discharged
Aug, 6, 18*31, Only three from this town were in
it ; George S. Orr, Moses E. Orr and Charles Bar-
rett, who are noticed elsewTbere. It was under Ool.
J. Wolcott Phelps.
Second Begiment
This regiment was mustered in, June 20, 1861,
and joined the army of the Potomac. It was in
what is distinctively known as the Vermont Brigade,
hut in its relation to other brigades has heen known
both as the first and second Vermont Brigades. It
commenced its first active campaign at Yorktown,
Va., April 6, 1862, and participated in all the en-
gagements before Richmond, up to the final discom-
liture of Gen. McOlollau in July, 1862. It was in
all the battles that followed under Generals Pope,
Bumside, Hooker, Mead and Grant, up to the tak-
ing of Richmond, April 3, 1865. Probably no re-
giment in the service, except the 5th Vermont,
which was with it, experienced more hardships or
suffered greater losses. There were ten volunteers
from this town in this regiment. We refer to the
Military record for full particulars of the military
history of these and all other volunteers from this
town. Only three were on the original muster-roll,
the others were subsequently added. This resi-
ment, though enlisted for only three years, was m
the service over four years, being discharged July
16, 1865. It was under Col. Amasa S. Tracy when
mustered out.
182 Pawlbt.
Fifth Eegiment.
This regiment enlisted for three years^ was mus-
tered in, Sept. 16, 1861, and was in the same bri-
gade with the second regiment. There were six-
teen volunteers from this town in this regiment. It
was under the command of Ool. Lewis A. Grant,
from Sept 16, 1862, until his prorhotion as briga-
dier general, June 29, 1864. It was mustered out,
June 29, 1865, under Col. Ronald A. Kennedy. Few
regiments were in more sanguinary conflicts, it be-
ing in active service from April 6, 1862, till the fall
of Richmond, and in all the battles fought by the
Army of the Potomac.
Seventh Regiment.
This regiment was mustered in, February 12,
1862, for, three years, and was assigned to duty in
the southern department. The names of twenty-
five recruits from this town are reported. It was
mostly under Col. William C. Holbrook, but was
mustered out in the fall of 1866, under Ool. David
B. Peck.
Ninth Megiment.
This regiment was mustered into the service,
July 9, 1862, for three years, and was assigned to
duty, mostly, in unhealthy districts in Virginia and
North Carolina, where it suftered greatly from dis-
ease ; at one time (Oct. 1, 1863) two-thirds of its
men being on the sick list. There were seven
volunteers from this town in it. It was mustered
out, June 13, 1865, under Col. Edward H. Ripley,
now brigadier general.
War of 1861-1865. 188
Tenth Jtegmeni.
This regiment was mustered in, for three years,
Sept. 1, 1862, and was in the army of the Potomac.
It was mustered out under Col. George B. Damon,
June 27, 1866. Only three men from this town
were in the regiment.
Mevmih JRegment.
This regiment, the jfirst Vermont heavy artilleiy,
was mustered into service for three years, Sept. 1,
1862. This regiment was stationed near Wash-
ington city for its defense, until May 15, 1864,
when it joined the " Vermont briffade,*' and bore
its full share of the danger and the loss incurred by
the brigade during its flanking movements towards
Richmond. There were ten volunteers from this
town in this regiment. It was mustered out of
service August 26, 1865; Col. James M. Warner
was in command.
Only one from this town, Charles Barrett, was in
the 12th regiment, and two, Joel A. Mason and
Walter S. Hanks, in the seventeenth regiment.
Mrsl Regiment Cavalry.
This regiment was mustered into service Nov.
19, 1861, and joined the army of the Potomac.
There were eight recruits from this town in this
regiment. Perhaps no regiment in the service-
endured more hardships or were in more battlea.
than this. It was mustered out of service under
Colouel, now General William Wells, August 9, 1865,.
12.
184 Pawlbt,
Second Battery of Light ArtUlery.
This battery was mustered for three years. It
was composed of troops transferred from the first
Vermont battery. There were eight recruits from
this town. It was assigned to the southern depart-
ment, and most of the members of the company
have been mustered out.
First Regiment U. S. Sharp Shooters.
This regiment was mustered, in 1861, for three
years. There were six recruits from this town.
This regiment has been with the army of the
Potomac, and has seen hard service. We believe
all its members from this town have been mustered
out.
Twenty-two other recruits were raised in 1804,
and variously assigned ; some to the nav^, and, of
some of them, we have no data to determine where
they belonged. Most of them received heavy local
bounties, and several deserted.
Fourteenth Regiment.
This regiment enlisted for nine months, under
Col. William T. Nichols, Augqst 27, 1862, and
was mustered in at Brattleboro, October 21, 1862.
Twenty-four volunteers from this town were in this
regiment. During the greater part of its term of
service it was stationed near Fairfax Court House,
Va., where it frequently came in contact with the
fuerillas that infested that vicinity. When Gen.
lee invaded Pennsylvania in the latter part of
June, 1863, it was ordered by forced marches to
join the army of the Potomac, and brought up
at Gettysburg on the evening of the first day of
>
War of 1861-1865, 185
July, 1868. It bore a conspicuous part in the
battles of the second and third days of July, and
was highly complimented, both by Gen. Stannard,
brigade commander, and by Gen, Doubleday, the
commandant of the division. Though exposed to the
severest fire of. the enemy, not a man shirked his
duty, but all stood their ground, as our own corre-
spondent wrote us the day after the battle, " as
though rooted to the earth." The casualties of the
regiment were twenty-five killed and seventy-five
wounded. Soon after this ^July 80), the regiment
was mustered out at Brattleooro.
Volunteers in New York Eegimenis.
Situated as we are, on the borders of New York,
it was but natural that many of our citizens should
enlist in New York regiments. Though if it be
true, as some allege, that our boys enlisted from
mercenary considerations, they had an odd way of
showing it, as invariably, through the war, volun-
teers in Vermont regiments had seven dollars per
month more wages, and, on an average, as high
bounties as those who enlisted in other states.
The fact probably was, that our boys living near
the border were better acquainted with New York
boys than with those of our own state, and chose
to go where their associations led them, regardless
of pecuniary considerations.
Six volunteers from this town enlisted in the
9Gth N. Y., and were mustered in March 8, 1862.
These have all come home, but Lieut. J. G. John-
son, who was killed at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864.
Four men enlisted in the 169th N. Y. regiment.
Three enlisted in the 123d N. Y. Six men went
into the 5th N. Y. cavalry. Two enlisted in the
30th N. Y., one in the 4th N. Y. heavy artillery,
186 Pawlbt.
«nd two in the 77th N. T. reffiment Besides
these, there was one in the 20th Mass., one in the
124th niinois, and one in the 8th Ohio.
Fifty men have enlisted from this town, most of
them for three years, who have received no local
bounty, though several of them, by enlisting for
another three years, received $200 each. Many of
our hired substitutes and men from abroad, who
(received the highest local bou-nties, deserted.
But we take pleasure in recording the fact that,
-so far as our information extends, not one of our
native citizens has deserted or been dishonorably
•discharged.
CHURCH HISTORY.
One of the earliest wants of the settlers of this
town, and one which they took care the first to
supply, was the preaching of the gospel. Hence
we find provision made in the earliest acts of the
town for that object. Money being scarce, sub-
tscriptions were taken payable in grain and other
produce. The first movement for a church organi-
:zation was made by the Congregationalists near the
centre of the town, in 1781, at about which time
the first church edifice was erected, very near the
geographical centre of the town.
In 1790 the first Baptist church was formed, in
the southwest part- of the town, near Hebron, N. Y.
In 1790 a Protestant Episcopal church was in exist-
ence in the northwest part of the town, near
Granville. About 1795 a Methodist class was
formed in the southwest part of the town, near
Rupert. In 1826 a Methodist Episcopal church
was organized at the village. In 1826 the second
Baptist church was organized, in the west part of
Church History. 18T
the town. In 1831 the "Disciples" church was-
organized near the same place. In 1882 the
Methodist Protestant church was formed on the
mountain, in the southwest part. About 1855 an
"independent** society was formed at the village.
Besides these, there have been within our limits-
ITniversalists, Friends, Mormons, Second Advent-
ists, and perhaps others.
We propose, now, to give a brief history of each-
one in the order of their organization, including
an account of the various church edifices whichi
have, from time to time, been erected.
Mrst Congregational Church.
This church was organized August 8, 1781,.
under the auspices of Rev. David Perry, of Har-*
winton. Conn. Its first members were Samuel
Butt, Jonathan Brace, Jo^l Harmon, Daniel Welch,.
Elisha Fitch and Jedediah Keed. Joel Harmon was
appointed first church clerk. A sermon was*
preached on the occasion ! by Rev. Mr. Perry, from-
1 John, ii, 6. For the first three or four years it
does not appear that they had any stated supply,
though in the records of baptisms the names of
Rev. Messrs. Murdock, Sill, Swift, Haynes, Kent,,
and Perry appear as officiating in that ordinance.
We .find it recorded th|at, in 1784, the Rev.
James Thompson, of Wortihin^ton, was invited ta
return and preach on probation, which implies
that he had preached to khem before. And, in
1785, the Rev. Zephaniali Hollister Smith, of
Glastenburg, Vt., received a call from the church,
which call was not accept&d, though we have it
from tradition that Mr. Sipith preached here for
some time. We have no date to determine when
the first church was erected! but we believe it was
188 Pawlbt.
about 1785. It stood about 60 rods south of Henry
Allen's, and was a plain, small, frame building.
Many of its timbers are in the wood house con-
nected with the dwelling of the late Eev. John
Griswold.
In 1786, the church gave a call to Dr. Lewis
Beebe, then of Arlington, to become their pastor.
This was accepted, and, on the 14th of June, 1787,
Mr. Beebe was duly ordained to the work of the
Gospel ministry.** The council convened for the
occasion, was composed of ministers and dele^tes
from the following churches, to wit": Stockbndge,
Lanesboro, Chesterfield, Lenox, Richmond and
Williamstown, in Massachusetts, and Bennington,
Dorset and Rupert in this state. Soon after Mr.
Beebe entered on his pastorate, serious difficul-
ties arose in the church, which baffled their wisdom
to arrange among themstelves. Their reference to
a mutual council had no jbetter result. It is under-
stood, however, that the difficulties were mostly
in relation to Mr. Beebe, one party bein^ dissatis-
fied with him and the olther sustaining him. This
quarrel was only brought to a close, by the dismis-
sion of Mr. Beebe, in 1791, when the church and
society agreed on a unianimous call to Rev. John
Griswold. By the way, we may notice the singular
method the opposing parties took to close up the
controversy, which wasL after taking a copy of the
proceedings for a yeait or two, to destroy the ori-
ginal minutes. It is ipofc probable the copy is in
existence. Mr. Qri8w61d accepted the call, and on
the 28d day of October, 1793, was ordained. The
churches called on to /assist in his ordination, were
Bennington, Sundorla jjd, Sandgate, Benson, Orwell,
West Rutland and Thetford, in this state, and
Lebanon, in New Hslmpshire. Rev. Mr. Robbins,
of Lebanon, preachecfl the sermon.
Church Histort. 189
As a relic of the past, and to show how our
fathers transacted business, as well as their libe-
rality, we insert a verbatim copy of the first sub-
scription for the support of Rev, John Griswold,
obtained from the Rev. Pliny H. White, of Co-
ventry :
We, the subscribers, being sensible of the
importance of having a Gospel minister settled
among us, Do promis to pay to Mr. John Griswold
as an Inducement for him to settle in the worke of
the minestre among us, the some that we do enext
to our names, one half on the first day of January
next, and the other in one yeare from the first pay-
ment, to be paid in neet cattle, or wheat and Indian
corn.
Witness our hands.
Dated at Pawlegt, June 4th, 1798.
^ £ 8. d. t,^ £ 8. d.
^oses Porter,^ 10 Jedediah Edgertoii,«... 8
Samuel Butte, 5 00 M3yru8 WeUs, 110
Joel Harmon, 10 Stephen Spencer, 1 10
Lem. Ghipman, 8 Asa Andrus, 2 0.
Ezekiel Harmon, 6 t^aniel Fitch 4
^Jedediah Reed 6 Stephen Starkweather, 6
Joel Moffatt, 2 10 Samuel Taylor, 1 10
i/^Abraham Meaoham,.. 2 Daniel Clark, 10
x^Ashbel Skinner, 2 DaYid Carter, 10
Amos Curtis, 15 John Cobb 4
Daniel Welch 9 19 9 Andr. Henry, 2
Joseph Fitch, :.. 8 Return Strong, 2
Ozias Clark 8 Ja&l Simonds 1 10
Fhilip Beed, 8 OBenajah Bushnell, 8 00
(>6ylTanu8 Gregory, 1 10 Isaac Stephens, 1 10
John Adams, 4 00 Rufus Fitch, 2 00
V'Isaac Meacham, 1 10 John Fuller, 10
VJoseph Bradford, 4 00 Zeb*dAndrus, 2 00
Asa Field 2 00
£152 19 9
Amounting in dollars and cents to $509.97.
Mr. Griswold entered on his pastorate under the
most encouraging circumstances. The troubles in the
140 Pawlbt.
church had mainly crown out of its connection with
Mr. Beebe, and disclosures of his real character made
soon after his dismission, convinced his most steadfast
adherents of their error, and soon a good understand-
ing prevailed. Mr. Griswold was popular, as well in
the society and town, as in the church. His cir-
cumspect, thoughtful and yet pleasant manner won
the confidence and afiection of his contemporaries,
and to his prudence and good common sense, rather
than to brilliant talent, may be attributed his emi-
nent success.
The church and congregation largely increasing,
measures were taken in a few years for the erection
of a more commodious church, as well as for its
location at a more central point in the society.
This, however, was displeasing to the people in tne
west part of the town, who would have to go one
mile further to church. The wfist part of the town
were stimulated, however, to put up a church of its
own, which was accomplished the next year.
In 1798, the large, and for the dw, splendid
church, was erected on the hill north of the village,
which stood till about 1842. From all that appears
or is known, this church was eminently prosperous
and received large accessions up to about 1812,
when a serious difficulty, growing out of political
difierences arose. A portion of the church had
become connected with the Washington Bene-
volent Society, a secret political organization,
which gave offense to a large minority of the
church. Unavailing efforts were made to adjust
the difficulty by a reference to a mutual council,
the parties being so evenlv divided that it was im-
practicable to settle it in the church. It was finally
referred to the Consociation, whose conclusions left
the matter where they found it. The original com-
plainants who had, during the pendency of the
Churoh History. 141
question, refraiDed from participatmg in the<diurch
ordinances, were, in turn, complained of by the
adversi) party, for breach of their covenant obliga-
tions, aud, after due course of labor, were most of
them excommunicated. Notwithstanding the loss
to the church of several of its more prominent
members, there were constant accessions, which
more than kept the membership good.
Rev. Mr. Griswold continued pastor of the
church until 1831, a period of thirty-eight years,
being relieved almost entirely from active service
after 1824. Rev. Fayette Shipherd was colleague
pastor from 1826 to 1830, acting, however, as stated
supply from 1824. At his ordination, Rev. Mr.
Chester preached the sermon. Rev. Elijah W.
Plumb, D.D., succeeded to the pastorate, and was
ordained May 18, 1831. Rev. John Hough
preached the sermon. He continued pastor until
October, 1844. During his pastorate the old
church on the hill was taken down, and the present
beautiful and convenient church edifice was erected.
Rev. Elijah H. Bonney succeeded to the pastorate,
and was ordained February 25th, 1847. Rev. Jo-
seph D. Wickham, of Manchester, preached the
sermon. He continued till September 27, 1853.
On the first Sabbath in February, 1854, Rev.
Samuel M. Wood commenced his .labors as a stated
supply, and continued until 1858. In 1859, Rev.
Azariah Hyde assumed the pastorate as a stated
supply, and continued until 1865. He was suc-
ceeded, in 1866, by Rev. Levi H* Stone.
The number of members admitted to the church
from 1781 to 1800 was 154 ; from 1800 to 1810, 52 ;
from 1810 to 1820, 152 ; from 1820 to 1830, 96;
from 1830 to 1867, 268 ; making the whole number,
to Mav 17, 1867, 722. It may be appropriate to
remark, that from 1824 to the present time a Sab-
142 Pawlbt.
bath school and bible class have been steadily
maintained. This church, too, has been liberal in
the support of foreign missions, and has furnished
from its membership Rev. Jonathan S. Green, a
missionary to the Sandwich islands in 18 , Miss
Delight Sargent, missionary to the Cherokees in
18 , who married Rev. Elias Boudinot, a native
Cherokee, Mr. Philo P. Stewart, lay missionary
to the Cherokees.
The following ministers from its membership
have been educated and entered on the ministry :
Hippocrates Rowe, Beriah Green, Jr., Jonathan S.
Green, Jacob E. Blakely, Quincy Blakely, Judson
B. Stoddard, Guy C. Strong, Lemon Andrus, Ferris
Eitch, Miner Pratt, Azariah R. Graves.
We may remark, generally, that this church has
ever maintained a high position for intelligence and
independence. It has not hesitated to subject to
criticism the decisions of councils and consocia-
tions, and to accept or reject their conclusions.
This church has usually had three deacons in ac-
tive service. The succession of deacons is about as
follows : Moses Porter, Joel Harmon, Ezekiel Har-
mon, Ozias Clark, Joseph Porter, John Penfiold,
Joshua D. Cobb, Simeon Edgerton, Dorastus Fitch,
David Blakely, Milton Brown, Harry Griswold,
George Willard and David Andrus.
Mrst Baptist Church/
This was organized on the first Monday in May,
1790, on the present premises of Allen Whedon,
then owned by Edmund Whedon. It was organ-
ized under the auspices of Elder Brown, of the
church in Westfield (a locality in East Fort Ann,
N. Y.). Its first members were James Bennett,
Thomas Hall, Solomon Brown, Joseph Hascall,
Ohuroh History. 148
John Crouch, Samuel Sisco, Caleb A^ard, Na-
thaniel Harmon, Samuel Abbott, Alexander Trum-
bull, Edmund Whedon, Lydia Wilcox, Mary Ben-
nett, Hannah Hanks, Miriam Hopkins, Sibel Shel-
don, Lydia Agard and Elizabeth Crouch. For the
first ten years, being destitute of a church, its meet-
ings were held in private housei^ and not unfre-
quently in barns. Its preachers were Elders Brown,
Skeels, Green, Wait, Cornell, Dodge, Blood und
Beall, each for brief periods. These were among
the pioneer Baptist ministers of Vermont, and many
of them were men of decided talent. In 1800 a
church was built on the premises of Seety Brown,
by the West Pawlet Meeting House Company,
which was used almost exclusively by the Baptists
for 24 years. Elder Isaac Beall was called to settle
over the church in 1801, and continued with it till
its dissolution in 1831. A parsonage was built in
1802, which appears to have been designed for a
Baptist minister exclusively. The whole number
of members belonging to this church was about
two hundred, and it is said to have had one hun-
dred and fifty at one time. A strict, wholesome
and orderly discipline was maintained, as the
records and files of the church attest. It was the
misfortune, perhaps the fault of this church, to be
isolated from sister churches during most of its ex-
istence.
Its first deacons were Joseph Hascall and Timo-
thy Brewster ; after them were Josiah Tobv and
Jeremiah Arnold. From its membership, Solomon
Brown, Timothy Brewster, Daniel Hascall and Le-
mon Andrus were licensed to preach.
In 1831 the church dissolved ; those of its mem-
bers who desired it being furnished with certificates
of their good standing.
A Methodist Episcopal class was formed in 1796,
144 Pawlbt,
at the house of John C. Conant, now Stephen Mc-
Fadden 's. It was jjnite flourishing for several years,
and numbered in its membership several of the sub-
stantial people of that locality. Among them were
Daniel Baldridge, John C. Conant, Jeremy Baldwin
and Aaron Bennett, some of whom had been mem-
bers of the Congregational church. It was supplied
with preaching at stated intervals, according to the
custom of those days, by two circuit preachers tra-
veling together. They usually traveled on horse-
back and completed their circuit in four weeks. A
few of this class remained as late as 1825, who
united with the church at the village.
Protestant Episcopal Church.
An Episcopal organization existed here as early
as 1790, which was represented in the State Epis-
copal Convention. The names of the delegates to
the convention, in order, beginning with 1790, were
JEbenezer Cobb, Henry Wooster, Benoni Smith,
Jonathan Willard, Seely Brown, Henry Wooster,
Jr., Josiah Smith and Asaph Teall. In 1793, the
State Episcopal Convention was held in this town
at the house of Henry Wooster, when an election
was eifected of the first bishop of Vermont, ^his
was Eev. Edward Bass, D. D., of Newburyport,
Mass., who accepted the position on condition of
being allowed to remain in Massachusetts until a
sufficient amount should be realized from the church
fflebe in the state to afiord him a maintenance. This
did not suit the convention and Dr. Bass was never
consecrated. Services were held mostly at the
house of Capt. Benoni Smith, durinff hi& life, and
was continued at the house of his widow.
Among the early Episcopal ministers who offi-
ciated here were Rev. Bethuel Chittenden, of Shel-
Church History. .145
burn, Rev. Daniel Barber, Rev. Amos Pardee and
Rev. Abraham Bronsou, D. D., of Manchester.
About 1810, Rev. Stephen Jewett, from Connecti-
cut, came here and officiated for some tima He
afterwards settled in Hampton, K T., and continued
stated services here. The brick school house, in
the northwest part of the town, was built and fitted
up, partly at the expense of the church, and ser-
vices were held here from 1812 to 1816, when Tri-
nity church, Granville, was erected and this church
was merged in that. In the early days of the church
a small amount was realized from the glebe, which
was taken from them about 1808, by the legislature,
and appropriated to schools. Litigation was un-
successful to restore it. About 1828, the church
applied for and obtained the lot reserved for the
Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign
Parts, and under the auspices of Rev. Palmer D^er
the church was reorganized by the name of Trinity
church. This was little more than nominal, though
the organization was kept up several years and was
represented in convention. On the removal and
death of the principal churchmen, between 1880
and 1840, the church became extinct. The income
of the church lands is now appropriated to other
churches in the state.
Methodist Episcopal Church.
Rev. George Smith, of Hebron, N. Y., then a
local elder, was the first minister, at the village, of
this church. In 1825 he preached his two first
sermons in the hall of the brick tavern. After-
wards he preached at the academy, at the house of
Paul Hulett and at the school house, near Elisha
Allen's. It was ascertained that there were two
13
146 Pawlkt.
hundred hopeful conversions, of all denominations,
in town during that season, of whom forty were in
the school district last mentioned. The Methodist
«hurq^ was or gan ized in 1826. Paul Hulett, John
Crapo, Amos Wooster, Sylvester Pitkin, Nathan
Allen, Elisha Allen, Joel Winchester, Fitch Clark,
Robert Clark and Chauncy Guild, were among its
prominent male members. Samuel Howe and Elias
Crawford were the first itinerant ministers in 1826;
Daniel Brayton and John Clark in 1827 ; Roswell
Kelly and Laban Clark in 1828, and Roswell Kelly
and Seymour Coleman in 1829. The brick church,
near the cemetery, was erected in 1826 or 1827, and
formally dedicated. Rev. Daniel Brayton and Rev.
Xiemuei Haynes, of the Congregational church,
preached on this occasion. This church has been sap-
plied, mostly, by resident ministers, for whom a par-
sonage was procured in 1882. For six years after its
organization it belonffed to the iN"ew York oonfer-
mace. In 1882 the Troy conference was organized,
land held its fourth annual session here. Rev.
Bishop Wau^h presided and J. B. Houghtalin^ was
/secretary. A camp meeting, very numeroushr at-
tended, was held on the farm of Joel Simonds, in
1880. Two camp meetings have since been held on
the same ground.
In 1853, a new and commodious church edifice
was erected in the village and dedicated to the wor-
ship of God. Rev. Jason F. Walker preached the
sermon. This ehurch has experienced seasons of
deep depression and severe trial in the withdrawal
^of several of its members at different times. Some
joined the Protestant Methodist church, others the
wesleyan, and others the independent society.
IN'otwithstanding these adverse infiuences, the
church has been greatly revived within a few years
last ^ast, and has nearly recovered its former stand-
Church History. 147
ing. It has a flourishing Sabbath school, under
wlUiam Blakely, superintendent, and a member-
ship^ of ninety on the church records.
Since 1829, the following ministers have offici-
ated in this church, though not all in the order
named. It is not official, and there ma^ be errors
and omissions: Rev. Messrs. Sherman Mmer, Jacob
Beman, William Gray, Ezra Sprague, Joseph Ames,
Field, Quinland, David Poor, Joseph
Ayres, J. B. Hough taling, William A. Miller, Jacob
Leonard, Hubbard, Cyrus Prindle, Hul-
bert, Shears, Cyrus Meeker, A. A. Farr, C. C.
Gilbert, Ford, J. F. Walker, Reuben West-
cott, Perkins, B. S. Burnham, Spencer,
Sylvester Walker, John Searles, William Earll,
John Eieruan.
Second Baptist Church.
This church was organized in 1826, and admitted
to the Vermont association. It owed its origin to
the fact that the first Baptist church, from which
all its first members came, was not, and had not
been for years, in fellowship with any other body.
Isaac Wickham, Seth Blossom, Reuben Toby,
Washington Z. Wait and Seth P. Stiles were
among its first members. Its ministers were Elders
L. P. Reynolds, Wetherell, Abram Woodward, Jo-
seph Packer, Daniel Cobb, E. S. SouUard, Sweet,
Mead, Sanders and Archibald Wait, and perhaps
some others. Its deacons were Isaac Wickham and
Reuben Toby. About the year 1848 this organiza-
tion was dissolved. In 1852, what is now known
as the Baptist church in West Pawlet, was organ-
ized under the auspices of Elder A. Wait, who
served them as pastor three or four years. The
present church edifice was built the same fear.
148 Pawlbt.
Elder Wait's ministry was attended with conside-
rable success. After hini, Elders Combe, Hancock
and Mosher were employed, but not until 1859 was
this church in fellowship with any other body. In
that year, under the auspices of Elder David
Beecher, this church was admitted to the Vermont
and Shaftsbury association. In 1869 the mem-
bership was twenty-four, but under the faithful
and zealous labora of Elder Beecher it has in-
creased to one hundred and seventeen members.
The need of a larger house is now sometinaes
seriously felt. Its first deacons were Jeremiah
Clark and Samuel Cole. Its present deacons are
Samuel Cole,. Allen Whedon and B. H. Nelson.
It has an interesting Sabbath school of 125 mem-
bers, which, in 1866, presented to its superin-
tendent, Allen Whedon, an elegant photograph
album intended, to contain the portraits of all the
scholars, together with their teachers and parents.
Ckwrch of the Disciples.
In 1831 this church was formed under the gui-
dance of Elder Worden P. Reynolds, then recently
of the Baptist church. Deacon Jeremiah Arnold
was the first to espouse the peculiar doctrines of
this church. Besiaes him, among its first members,
were David Carver, Thomas Laing, Rufus Conant,
James T. Bates, Rufus P. Conant, David Hollister
and Luther Arnold. Its growth, for awhile, was
rapid, meetings being held in the old meeting
house and in school houses alternately. In 1847
this society built a church at West Pawlet; Elder
Lowell preached on the occasion of its being
opened. Since Elder Reynolds left, in 1833, it has
been destitute of a pastor a share of the time,
though its meetings on " the first day of the week *'
Ohuroh Histort. 149
have been generally sustained. Its only resident
ministers have been Elders Worden P. Eeynolds,
E. T. Wood and Thomas Laing. Elder Clayton,
then of Enpert, served the church one-half the time
for a year or two. Besides, ministers from abroad
have called and held a series of meetings. In 1836,
Rev. Alexander Campbell, from Virginia, visited
this society, and preached in the old Baptist
church. Since the above was written, 1866, Rev.
A. W, Olds has supplied the pulpit of this church,
and there has been a large increase in its member-
ship, which now numbers eighty. A bible class
and Sabbath school are now in successful operation.
Protestant Methodist Church.
BT BBT. GBOBQB SMITH.
" In the year 1832, a Methodist Protestant church
was formed on Pawlet mountain, near Aaron Ben-
nett's. Its first principal members were Jesse Mon-
roe, Aaron and Leonard Bennett, Austin Johnsoff,
Joel Baldwin, Amos Wooster and Isaac Roberts.
A meeting house was built near John Stearns, in
1833. George Smith, Chandler Walker, Ziba Boyn-
ton, William Gone, Daniel Vaughn, Eldridge G.
Drake and John Croker, supplied the church with
preaching about 23 years. Then, as the most pro-
minent members moved out of the state, the church
run down. The meeting house was sold, taken
down and converted into a dwelling house."
An independent religious society was formed at
the village in 1856, under the auspices of Rev. Ja-
son F. walker, then late of the Methodist church.
For some years, while Mr. Walker was st^tedlv
with them, their meetings were largely attended.
150 Pawlbt.
being held mostly at the Academy. For some
time, their meetings have been wholly discontinued.
Besides the churches and societies already nSmed,
the Universalists have been numerous, particularly
in the north part of the town, and have affiliated
with those of like faith in Wells. Joseph P. TJp-
ham, Ephraim Jones, Innett HoUister, Beuhen
Smith, Elijah Brown and Daty Allen, 2d, were
among its more prominent members. Their meet-
ings were generally held in Wells, though some-
times at the old Baptist church, a considerable part
of which was owned by them.
The peaceful and exemplary Friends, have not
been without their representatives. Many of our
older citizens will remember the genial and hos-
pitable William Boyce, who lived on the Lyon
place, and Lemuel Chase, who lived quite retired,
m the west nart. Other Friends have, from time
to time, lived in various parts of the town.
Mormmism.
Soon after the rise of Mormonism in western
New York, its missionaries found their way to this
town, and held stated meetings for several weeks.
Among them, came Brigham Young, then young
and unnoted, who visited this town and held his
meetings at the old Eed school house, not ten rods
from where we now write. Joseph Smith, Sen.,
also visited the town, preached and baptized Mrs.
Cornwell Marks. A few adherents were obtained,
mostly from families educated in the Congreffa-
tional church, who followed the fortunes of the
party to Kirtland, Ohio, thence to Nauvoo, Illinois,
and thence, some of them, to Great Salt Lake City.
Frbb Masonry. 151
In 1883, Capt. TTiUiam Miller, the founder of
the Second Advent church, visited this town on the
invitation of the writer, and made his first oral
effort in advocacv of his peculiar views. His mis^
sion here was followed by slender results. About
1860, one Mr. Lyon promulgated the same views,
substantially, of the Disciples* church, and baptized
a few converts. Notwithstanding the limited suc-
cess in this place, the doctrines first preached here
have enlisted in their advocacy, some of the ablest
intellects in New England, and are clung to, some-
what modified, with great pertinacity to this day.
FREE MASONET.
BT JONATHAN RANDALL.
Hiram Lodge, No. 8, was organized March 22,
1796, and met, for the first time, at Samuel Eose's,
in the south part of the town. At that meetinff
William Cooley was appointed master, ZadocE
Higffins, senior warden, and George Clark, junior
warden.
The 24th of June, this year, the lodge celebrated
the nativity of St. John the Baptist. The Eev.
John Qriswold preached a sermon before the lodge
at the meeting house.
In February, 1799, the lodge met at the hall of
Ephraim Fitch, and continued to hold the meet-
ings there until the house was burned, in October,
1806; in that fire some of the records were de-
stroyed. At that time the lodge numbered about
seventy members.
Social Eoyal Arch Chapter, No. 10, was char-
tered and met for the first time at the hall of
152 Pawlr.
Lemuel Barden, in Pawlet village, the 9Ui of Feb-
nuuy, 1819. The throe principal officers were
TitUB A. Cooky Jonathan Kobinson and Phineas
Strong. A public installation was held at the Con-
mgational meeting house Ibe same year, the Rev.
Jonathan Nye, of New&ne, preached a sermon on
the occasion^ before one of tne largest assemblies
ever convened in Pawlet
At present, the Free masons in Pawlet are mem-
bers of lodges in the vicinity, some belong to the
lodge at Poultney, others to the Manchester and
Rupert lodges.
The masonic institution suspended their meetings
in 1834, and they have not been resumed.
INCORPORATED MANUFACTURING
COMPANIES.
BT JOVATHAV RAHDALL.
In November, 1814, the legislature passed an act
incorporating the Pawlet Manufacturing Compnnv.
The corporators were John Guild, Ozias Clark,
John Peniield, Jr., Jonathan Robinson, Nathaniel
Robinson, Jr., William C. Robinson, Napthali
Guild, David Richardson, Dan. Wilmarth, Daniel
Fitch, and their associates, successors and assigns.
The first meeting of the corporation was held
at the dwelling house of John Guild, in Pawlet,
the first Monday in January, 1816. John Guild
was chosen agent.
The company, that year, erected their factory
building. It was built of brick, 70 feet long and
86 feet wide, and three stories high. It was situ-
ated about half a mile east of Pawlet village. It
MANUFAOTURINa COMPANIES. 153
made a good articld of cotton sheetiD^ and cotton
warp or twist for market. There was m the build-
ing 860 spindles and 16 looms. They employed
about 25 hands.
The company did a very good business for
many years, or during the time that Milton Brown
was the agent. There was a store connected with
the manufacturing business.
This was about one of the first cotton factories
built in this state. There was a machine shop con-
nected with the factory, where much of the ma-
chinery was made by Nathaniel Bobinson and
others.
A few years after Mr. Brown retired from the
agency, the company failed; the machinery was
sold, the building taken down, so that now nothing
marks the spot where the factory stood except some
of the foundation stones.
The Flower Brook Manufacturing Company was
incorporated in November, 1886, by act of the le-
gislature. The persons incorporated were Sheldon
Edgerton, Jacob Edgerton, Jr., Jonathan Eandall,
John M. Clark, John T. Barden and William Wal-
lace, for the manufacturing cotton and wool.
The first meeting of the company was held at
the house of John T. Barden, in Pawlet, on the
first Tuesday of January, 1837. At that meeting
Jonathan Randall was chosen agent of the com-
pany, and Jacob Edgerton, Jr., clerk.
The factory building was built at Pawlet village.
It was 80 feet long and 36 feet wide ; was built of
wood. It was five stories high on the west end
and three on the east end.
There were 3 set of carding machines, or 9
machines, 720 spindles and 10 broad looms. When
the machinery was all running they worked 800
pounds of wool a day.
164 Pawlbt.
There were two water wheels, one above the
other, in the mill, one wheel of 18 feet diameter,
tl^e other wheel was 11 feet; the water was used
over twice. There was about 84 feet fall of the
water; the wheels were overshot. Mr. Randall
was agent three years, William Wallace two or
three years, when John M. Claris bought out all'
the stock holders, and run the factory a year or
two, when it finally failed. The machinery was
sold at auction, the building taken down, and the
site forms apart of the yard used in connection
with R 0. Wickham's cheese factory.
When the machine]^ was all in operation, it gave
employment to 24 or 25 persons.
The establishment cost about twenty thousand
dollars.
Washington Benevolent Society.
This was a secret political organization which
spread over New England, and, to some extent, in
other northern states. A branch was established
in this town about the breaking out of the war
of 1812. Its friends claimed that it was merely
a protective institution, to preserve the interests
of the north against the obnoxious acts of the
federal administration. Its enemies charged it
with treasonable proclivities. At the conclusion
of a treaty of peace with Great Britain, in 1815, the
organization was dissolved, and all that has been
heard of it since is an occasional fling at its friends
by the opposing party.
[165]
FAMILY SKETCHES.
INTRODUCTION.
It was said by Edmund Burke, that : " Those who
never look back to their ancestors will never look
forward to their posterity.'* When we first under-
took to prepare a history of this town, our thought
was only to follow the pattern set by writers of local
histories elsewhere, and notice a few, perhaps a .
dozen, of our early leading families. But after
making a beginning, with that view, we Were not
satisfied, ana have continued to enlarge this section
until the number of separate articles reaches nearly t
five hundred, embracing in their collaterals and ^
connections not less than two thousand families.
Our chief regret in this undertaking is our inability
to ascertain all the leading facts in the history of
each family. Many old families will be omitted, as
hundreds have lived in town who have passed awAy
from the recollection of its present inhabitants.
If it is asked why we introduce the names and his-
tory of the humble and obscure, it is sufficient to
answer, that in the changes continually ^oing on in
society, the high and the low are incessantly
changing places. The grub of to-day is the butter-
fly to-morrow. The sans-culoUe of yesterday wears
breeches to day. Whence were the large array of
professional men who have gone out from this town
recruited? We say mainly from the ranks of the
lowly and obscure. No one obtains positions of
honor and influence but through personal exertions.
And this is the crowning glory of our free institu-
tions.
166 Pawlbt.
So far as we can ascertain we have given the town
and state from which those of our citizens, who are
not natives, came, and also the place to which, those
who have left town, have removed. Also we have
given generally a record of marriages and deaths,
which IS imperfect, and will doubtless contain many
errors. We have also given, in many instances,
brief sketches of character, interesting incidents
and anecdotes.
Adams, Gideon, from Canterbury, Conn., 1770,
m. Jude Leach, a sister of James Leach, Sen., who
died in 1819, aged 75, leaving three children, Jude,
Margaret, who married Joseph Keigwin, and Mary,
who married John Kirby, Middlebury. He settled
where Henry S. Lathe now lives. He at once took
a leading position in the town, which then contained
only nine families. He was in the legislature in
1778, and served, in the whole, six years. Ho was
town clerk and justice 89 years. He was a man of
ready wit and genial temper, of strong sense and
sound judgment, and won and retained through his
whole career, the confidence and esteem of his fel-
low citizens in an eminent degree. He died in
1827, aged 84.
Adams, Jbssb, from New Lebanon, Conn., 1786,
settled on the present farm of N. W. Bourn. After
his death, in 1812, aged 55, his numerous family re-
moved to Nunda, N. Y.
Adams, Bbnoni, claims commemoration as one
of the earliest singing masters in town. He sung
the old fugue tunes, which, on being reproduced in
recent times, are found to be immensely popular.
His home was in New Milford, N. Y.
Alexander, Benjamin, from England, 1837, m.
Mary Thorn, who died in 1844, leaving four child-
ren ; Elizabeth, Mary Ann, Susan and John. Mary
Ann married Marshall Brown, and died in 1862.
Family Sketohbs. 167
Elizabeth married Marshall Brown ; John married
Ellen Howe. "Next he married Sylvia, daughter of
Isaac Harlow, of Whitehall, N. Y., who has three
children, Henry and Henrietta (twins), and Harriet^
who married Andrew Dunton.
Allbn, Timothy, from Woodbury, Conn., 1768.
He was a cousin of Ethan Allen, and the first settler
in the northwest quarter of the town. He evinced
great sagacity in tne selection of a home, it being
the present nomestead of David G. Blossom. He
was moderator of the town meeting in 1770. He is
well remembered by many of our older citizens as
a man of singular piety and eminent gifts. The
detachment of troops that surprised Ticonderoga in
1775, halted for the night at his house on their
march to that place. He died in 1810, aged 96. His
son, Parmelee, was town clerk in 1770, and a cap-
tain in Col. Herrick's famous regiment of Rangers^
organized in this town in 1777. Another son, Daty,
was a physician and an emigrant to Mt. Clemens^
Mich., in 1800.
Allen, Timothy, Jr., was in the battle of Ben-
nington in 1777, at the age of 17. He was an earlv
settler of Bristol, and deacon of the Baptist church
in that place. In 1814 he removed to Hartford,.
N. Y., where he died, 1834, a^ed 74. Of Deacon
Allen's children. Rev. Barna Allen is Baptist minis-
ter in Hubbardton, and Hon. Alanson Allen, of*
Fairhaven, has been county jud^e and state senator,
and is now assistant assessor of mternal revenue.
Allen, Caleb, came with his father, Timothy
Allen, in 1768. He was a land jobber, a vocation
which the peculiar condition of real estate in the
early years of the settlement of the state demanded..
Most of the land was owned by non-residents, many
of whom took little interest in it. Hence business^
14
158 Pawlbt.
rnqn lookod them up, bought their claims, many
times at a nominal price, and then sold the land in
parcels to actual settlers. The cemetery in the
north part of the town was given by him to the
school district in which it lies. Its first occupants
were revolutionary soldiei^. He died in 1804, aged
56. His son, Daty, succeeded to the homestead^
which he held till 1816, being followed by David
0. Blossom. He removed to Whitehall, N. Y.,
where he died some years ago, leaving numerous
descendants.
Allen, Kehemiah, was an early settler from
Worcester, Mass., living alternately in this town
and in Granville, N. T. He was in Rochester, N.
T., when the present site of that city was offered
him for one shilling per acre. He died in 1852^
aged 87 ; his wife m 1841, aged 73. His oldest
daughter married David Whedon ; his youngest
daughter, Jane, Ansel Whedon, who died in 1831,
a ge d 86. She then married William Clark, of
Whitehall, N. Y., and died in 1850, aged 50.
Allen, John, from Danby, 1815; settled with
his sons, Nathan and Elisha, on the Jonathan Wil-
lard place. He was a substantial, thrifty farmer,
and held in high esteem. He died in 1852, aged
91 ; his wife in 1851, aged 71.
Allen, Nathan, m. Julia, da. of Jeremiah Lef-
fingwell, of Middletown. He was one of the earli-
est and most influential members of the Methodist
church. He was one of the directors of the Poult-
ney bank several years. He died in 1863, aged 72.
His children were, John, m. Ellen, da. of Joel
Winchester ; Charles, m, Anna, da. of James Rice.
He was in the legislature two years, and lives in
i)arien. Wis. Isaac, m. Eliza Allen, has been at-
torney general of Iowa. Henry, m. Sarah Shedd,
of Pittstown, N. Y., and succeeded to the home-
Familt Skbtohbs. 169
stead. Sarah, m. Lewis F. Jones, of California^
She was a graduate of Troy Conference Academy,
and its female principal two years. Lucy, m. Ri-
chard H. Winter, of Whitehall, N. T.
Allbn, Elisha, m. Annis, da. of Dr. Jonathan
Safford ; settled on the place and built the brick
house now owned by Albert A. Boynton. He was
also a leading member of the Methodist church.
He was in the legislature four years, two of them
in the senate, judge of the county court three years,
town clerk, nineteen years, and director of thePoult-
ney bank several years. He died in 1856, a^ed 62.
His oldest son, Horace, m. Eate, da. of Jacob Edg-
ertou, Jr., and d. in St. Paul, Minn., in 1865, aged
43. He was a graduate of Union College, and an
attorney. He represented Rutland in the legisla-
ture two years, and was state senator one year. His
youngest eon, Merritt, was an attorney, and died
at St. Paul in 1855, aged 24.
Andrus, Hon. Joun H., from Danby, 1820 ; set-
tled on the present Town farm. He was a ropro-
sentativo in the legislature from Danby several
years, and was a man of note and influence. He
was a judge of the county court. He d. in 1841,
aged 73 ; his wife in 1821, aged 50.
Andrus, Ezra, son of Judge Andrus, m. Nancy,
ja. of James McDaniels, and settled near his fa-
ther's homestead in Danby, on th'fe Timothy Brew-
ster place. He died in 1864, aged 65, leaving a
family of three sons and six aaughters; James
McD., who occupies the homestead, John H.,
Merritt, Sarah Ann, Eliza Ann, Nancy, Julia, Es-
ther and Cordelia. Sarah Ann m. Mark Wooster,
Manchester; Eliza Ann m. Dr. Phineas Strong;
Julia m. Parker Jones.
Andrus, Capt. Zebadiah, Sen., from Norwich,
Conn., 1784; settled on the present homestead of
160 Pawlbt.
David R, Smith, He died in 1804, aged 86 ; his wife
in 1789, aged 74.
Andrus, Zbbadiah, Jr., came with his father
from Norwich, Conn., and settled with him. He
<l. in 1880, aged 86 ; his widow d. in Mt. Tabor in
1850, aged 94. Her death was caused by her
clothes taking fire.
Andrus, Asa, Sen., son of Zebadiah, Sen., settled
•on the present homestead of Asa A. Monroe. He
died in 1821, aged 79.
Andrus, Asa, Jr., succeeded to his father's
place; sold out m 1821, to Josiah Monroe, and
Temoved to Lockport, N. Y., where he died in
1863, aged 90,
Andrus, Bey. Lbmon, son of Asa Andrus, Jr.,
was licensed to preach in 1821, by the Baptist
church in "West rawlet. He was pastor of the
'Church in Low Hampton, N. T., several years, but •
left about 1880, for western New York. His wife
IS a daughter of Capt. Joshua Cobb.
Andrus, Allen, son of "William Andrus, m.
'Betsey, da. of Rev. John Griswold, and settled as a
physician in Pulaski, N. Y. He died in this town.
Andrus, Benjamin, son of Zebadiah Andrus, Jr.,
m. Emily Chapin, and settled on the mountain, near
Hupert. He died in 1864, aged 81; his wife in
1852, aged 64. His family consists of four sons
and one daughter, all of whom live in the vicinity.
•Sylvester, m. Paulina — ; Chapin, m. Harriet,
•da. of Capt. Moses Whitcorab; David, m. Ann,
da. of Guild Willis; Benjamin, m. Ann, da. of
Henry Belden, and Almeda C.
Andrus, David, m. a da. of Daniel Welch, and
settled near the Town farm. His son, Fayette, m.
Harriet, da. of Samuel Thompson, and owns the
Simeon Edgerton, Sen., farm. Mr. Andrus died
in 1826, aged 45 ; his widow in 1859, aged 69.
Family Skbtohbs. 161
Andrews, Bbuben, from Connecticut, at an early
day ; settled near the old Baptist church. He was*
an ingenious mechanic, and made the old fashioned
eight day clock, which was in common use fifty-
years ago.
AiiMSTUONa, JosBPii, from Bennington, 1776',.
settled in the northeast part of the town, audi
kept tavern some 25 years. His wife died in.
1810, aged 62. Their sons were Jasper, Jesse and
Phineas ; their daughters Sally, Clarissa, Polly and
Nancy.
Armstrong, Phinbas, m. Eunice, da. of Zebadiab
Andrus, Jr., and settled at the village, where his*
widow and daughter Ilarriet, the onlv survivors in
town of the Armstrong family, still reside. He
died in 1836, aged 60.
Arnold, Jonathan, from Connecticut, settled at
an early day on the present homestead of Oliver
Williams. He was an intelligent, exemplary
citizen. He died in Granville, N. T., in 1888^
aged 83.
Arnold, Jeremiah, son of Jonathan, m. Mary
Ellsworth, and settled on the late homestead of
Harvey R. Weeks. He struggled manfully against
the adverse influences of chronic ill health aud
slender means and educated his numerous family
well.
For several years he was engaged in riding
post, delivering newspapers at the door of sub-
scribers. He was a deacon of the Baptist church,
and the first in this vicinity to embrace the pecu-
liar views of the Church of the Disciples. He
removed to Wisconsin, where he recently died,
aged about 70.
AvBRiLL, Gen. Elisha, from New Milford, Conn.,
1787, was among the most prominent of the early
settlers. He was the first captain of the light in-
162 Pawlbt,
fantry. He removed west in 1803, and died at
Mianchester, F. Y., in 1821, aged 67 ; his widow in
1823, aged 63.
AoKLBY, JosBPH, was the successor of Edmund
Whedon in the mercantile business about the be-
S'nninff, of this century. He removed to North
ranvule, K Y„ about 1812, where, in connection
with Capt. Oliphant, he established an extensive
brewery on the site of the ladies' sominanr,
Adams, Geouoa Jones, from Maine, 1857, occu-
pied the pulpit of the Disciple's church at "West
Pawlet, six or eight months. He had been an ex-
tensive traveler on the Eastern continent. He
exerted a magnetic and fascinating influence over
most persons with whom he came in contact. In
his religious history he had '^ swung around the
circle," having been, it is understood, a Methodist,
Mormon, Freewill Baptist and Spiritualist before he
joined the Disciples. He was also professor of elo-
cution and a theatrical performer. He is now the
founder of a colony of 160 persons at Jaffa in Pa-
lestine. Newspaper reports, during the last winter,
have represented this colony as on the point of
breaking up; but the latest accounts (April, 1867],
show it to be in a thriving condition. They tooK
the timber for their houses from the state of Maine,
and are said to have 800 acres under cultivation and
plenty of provisions.
Baker, Remember, whose career makes so pro-
minent a part of early Vermont history, was a pro-
prietor and temporai?y resident of this town as early
as 1768. He built the first grist mill erected in
town on land now owned by George Toby. Not
long after he was killed by Indians near St. Johns,
Canada, at the age of 35.
Baker, Elijah, from Canterbury, Conn., 1786,
settled in the south part of the town with three sons.
Family Skbtohbs. 163
Ebenezer, Bufus and Ichabod, who all raised laree
families. Pew of their descendants remain in tne
vicinity. He died in 1811, i^ed 86.
Bakbb, Harvby, from Arlinfftob, about 1826, m.
Mariettea, da. of Col. Ozias Olark. He kept store
awhile with Dr. Nathan J udson, south of the vil-
lage, and afterwards, a short time, at the village.
He was held in high esteem. He removed about
1833 to Oswego Co., N. Y., thence to Whitewater,
Wis., where he died in 1864, aced 63.
Baldrigb, Daniel, from Ehode Island, about
1786, settled on the present homestead of Henry
Smith. He was one of the first Metibodists in town.
His sons, Daniel, Jr., and Edward succeeded him
and raised large families, all but one of whom,
Catharine Jones, have left town.
Baldrigb, Jambs, ison of Edward, m. Fanny, da.
of Nehemiah Bourn, and succeeded to the home-
stead. He died in 1862, aged 48. He raised a large
family, most of whom, after his death, removed to
Rupert. His son, Edwin 8., was educated at Union
College; James, Jr., is a physician in Rupert; Mary
married David R. Smith.
Baldwin, Jbrbmy, from Townsend, Mass., 1785,
settled with his brother Samuel, near Stephen Mc-
Fadden's, whence they removed to Chautauque Co.,
N. T. Jeremy died m 1850, aged 84 ; his widow,
who was the widow of Daniel Baldridge, Jr., died
in 1852.
Bardbn, Lbmubl, from Dighton, Mass., 1814, suc-
ceeded Ephraim Fitch, in the trick hotel at the vil-
lage, which he kept until about 1830. Though of a
rather rough exterior, he was a kind hearted, be-
nevolent man, and would not serve his customers
with liquor after he thought they had enough. He
died in 1839, aged 81 ; his wife in 1839, aged 79.
His son, John T. Bardeu, kept the tavern a few
164 Pawlbt.
years and removed, about 1840, to Ohautauque Co.,
N. T., where he died some years ago. He married
Clara, da. of Nathaniel Harmon, who died in 1880.
Next he married Amorette, da. of John Penfield.
Bball, Rev. Isaac, from Clarendon, 1800, was the
first settled pastor of the First Baptist church, which
position he neld until 1881. He was a man of great
shrewdness and strong intellect, which compen-
sated, in part, for deficiencies in his earlv education.
He was a gentleman of the old school, courteous
and affable in his deportment. He built up a thriv-
ing church which numbered, at one time, 160 mem-
bers. The large house in which they worshiped
was wont to be well filled. He died in Clarendon
in 1838, aged 82; his wife did not long survive.
Baudwbll, CoNSinBR 8., from Shelburn, Mass.,
1834, m. Mahala, da. of Allen Willis, and settled
on the Palmer Cleveland farm. His wife dying in
1841, aged 84, leaving one son, Merritt W. Bard-
well ; he next married Sally, another daughter of
Allen Willis, who died in 1863, aged 67. Next he
married Minierva, da. of Lyman Kinney, of Rupert.
His farm buildings and surroundings are models of
taste and convenience. He has an artificial pond
fed by springs gushing from its own bosom, which
supplies motive power for machinery and is well
stocKcd with trout. It is a favorite resort for
sportsmen from the city. He carries on the edge
tool manufacture, and,. with his strong right arm,
has hammered out a handsome property. He built
in 1864, the first cheese factory in the state, which is
now run by a dairy association, incorporated in 1866.
Peat, said by experts to be of the best quality, is
found on his premises, contiguous to the rail road.
Bard WELL, Merritt W., m. Maggie E., da. of
Benjamin Wilson, of Hebron, and occupies the
farm of his late grandfather Willis.
Eamilt Skbtohbs. 165
Bates, Jambs T., from England when a child.
His father settled in Rush Hollow. He has lonff
been known as a merchant, traveling and local.
He is an independent thinker, and an earnest advo-
cate of all the moral reforms of the day. He passes
through our streets in his accustomed rounds, but
not so frequently as of old, as the weight of 76
years has bowed his frame and impaired his energies.
Barrett, Elisha, came to this town in 1804.
He married Sally TJran, and raised a family of four
sons, Charles, Elijah, Elisha and Levi. He died in
1828, aged 60 ; his widow in 1864, aged 79.
Barrett, Elijah, the only one of his fatlier's
family remaining in town, m. Emily McWain, and
rnisea a family of six sons and five daughters. Two
of his sons, Charles and Merritt C, enlisted and
died in the service.
Beebe, Rev. Lewis, from Arlington, 1787, was
the first settled minister, and obtained the lot of
land reserved for that purpose in the charter. He
was ordained June 14, 1787, and dismissed May 6,
1791. While living in Arlington, he was a mem-
ber of the first council of censors, convened in
1785. This council was the most important ever
convened in the state, as the task devolved on it of
reviewing and recommending the repeal of much
of the crude legislation of the seven preceding
years. He removed hence to Lansingburgh, N. T ,
and abandoned the clerical profession.
Bennett, Aaron, from Canterbury, Conn., about
1784 ; settled near the present residence of Charles
Phillips. He raised a numerous family, many of
whose descendants remain in town. His sons, Leo-
nard and Ahira, were well known and respected
citizens. The former removed to the west; the
latter was drowned in Lake Champlain He died
in 1849, aged 88; his wife in 1842, aged 76.
166 Pawlbt.
Bennett, Samuel, from Canterbury, Conn., 1784;
settled near his brother Aaron. His only daughter
married Bei\jaroin Sage, and raised a fan^ily of
three sons and one daughter, Samuel, Wesley, who
was killed by the premature explosion of a gun on
independence day, 1816, and B'enjamin, Jr.
Bennett, Banks, from Halifax, 1790; settled
near Oapt. Pratt's. He suffered acutely from a
rheumatic affection, which drew his head down so
that it rested on his breast. He died in 1829,
aged 88.
Bbboher, Rev. David, a native of Granville, en-
tered on the ministry in the Baptist church over
twenty years since. He first settled in Collins, N.
T., thence removed to western Pennsylvania, thence
to Harmonv, N.T., and thence in 1859, to West Paw-
let, where he assumed the pastorate of the Baptist
church, in which his labors have been eminently
successful. He married a daughter of Dea. George
Hill. His oldest son, Charles, married Althea
Congdon, who died in 1866.
Betts, Selah, from Norfolk, Conn., 1788 ; settled
on the present homestead of John Betts. He was
in the battle of Danbury, Conn., under Gen. Woos-
ter. During the battle, the lock of his gun was
shot away, when he coolly remarked, " They have
shot off the lock of my gun,*' seized another mus-
ket and continued the fight. He died in 1826,
aged 68 ; his wife, Sibel, in 1849, aged 87.
Bbtts, John, m. Lydia, da. of Hosea Loveland,
and, with his brother Selah, Jr., succeeded to the
homestead. He raised a I'amily of six sons and
two daughters: Orson F., d. in 1858, aged 84;
Marshal, d. in 1856, aged 27 ; Willis W., Royal C,
m. Melissa E. Holmes, and is an attorney at Granville
and special judge of Washington county, N. Y. ;
Family Skbtghbs. 167
Sidney, who lives in Fort Miller; Franklin, Ti^rho
lives in Poultney ; Sibel and Laura. \
BiOART, James, a native of Scotland, whence he,
came when a lad, with his father, -to this town. He
married Lola, da. of Alvin Goodspeed, of Wells,
and kept the Vermont Hotel, at North Pawlet, for
several years, closing in 1852, when he removed to
Sandy Hill, N. T. His wife died soon after, when
he married a second wife, who recently died. He
brought out in 1847, the celebrated horse Battler,
which is noticed in the chapter on Stock.
BiDWBLL, Jonathan, from Qlastenbury, Conn.,
1810 ; settled on the John Stark farm. His wife's
name was Betsy Strong. They raised a family of
one son and five daughters. Anson, who was in-
stantly killed by falling'from a staging, a^ed about
80 ; Caroline, m. William Lamb of Wells ; Lucy
Ann, m. Seth Barton, of Dorset ; Harriet, m. Jo-
seph Gilbert, of Cambridge, and died in early life ;
Emily, m. Russell Pember, of Wells, and Laura, m.
Gerry Brown. Mr. Bidwell died in 1852, aged 74 ;
his wife died in 1839, aged 69.
Blakbly, David, from Woodbury, Conn., 1782,
settled on the late homestead of his son, Dan Blakely.
He was noted for industry, frugality and thrift.
He died in 1821, aged 72 ; his widow, who was an
aunt of Gov. Hiland Hall, died in 1831, aged 86.
Blakbly, Capt. David, Jr., m. Esther, da. of Ja-
cob Edgerton, and settled in the northeast part of
the town. He was in the legislature two years, and
has been deacon of the Congregational church since
18 . Their family consists of six sons and four
daughters: Jacob E., Quincy, Hewitt, Martin,
Walton and Marshal ; Cythera, Maria, Phebe and
Ann. Maria m. Silas Moore, who died in La Crosse,
Wis ; Phebe m. Norton, of Tinmouth : Ann,
m. John Horr, of Brookline, Mass.
\
168 Pawlbt.
BlakblT) Rev. Jacob E., Pastor of the Congrega-
tional church in Poultney, died in 1854, aged 84;
yRev. Quincy Blakelj, pastor of the Congregational
/ church in Hampton, JN. H.; Hewitt, m. Mary, da.
of John Harwood, is A merchant at Northville, ff . Y. ;
Martin m. Philinda Branch, and died in 1849, aged
80 ; his widow in 1860, aged 40 ; Walton m. An-
Senette Horr, of Castleton ; Marshal m. Mary Aikin,
a. of Dr. Aikin, and removed to Rutland,
Blaeblt, Dan, succeeded to the homestead, m.
Hannah, da. of Jacob Edgerton, and raised a family
of five sons and two daughters : Favette, who mar-
ried Abby H. Lasell, Hfland H., Sheldon, A. Jud-
son, Collins, Franklin ; Almira, who married Curtis
Reed, and Mary. He died in 1862, a^ed 69. He
was a public spirited and influential citizen, and for
many years took a leading part in the business and
religious interests of the town.
Blakbly, Jonathan, from Conn., 1786, m. Mar-
garet, da. of Christopher Billings, and settled at the
village. He died in 1845, aged 70 ; his widow, who
was a woman of rare worth and devoted to deeds
of kindness, died in 1868, a^ed 85. Their son,
Billings Blakely, was favorably known as hotel
keeper at Troy, Saratoga and Union Village, N. Y.,
at which latter place he died in 1864, aged 66.
Anna, who married Jonathan Randall, is the only
survivor of the family.
Blaeblt, Robbrt, from Ireland, 1882, came to
this town with no capital and a dependent family.
By close application to the woolen manufacturing
business he has secured a handsome competencv.
His wife died in 1862, aged 58. lie raised a family
of four children : William, m. Abigail Eldred, and
settled at the village ; Robert, who was educated at
Union College, died in 1863, aged 30; Mary, who
Family Skbtohbs. 169
married Enoch CoIviD, and Margaret, who married
Seth B. Pepper, of Castleton.
Blossom, Oapt. Seth, from Falmouth, Mass.,
1783, m. Elizabeth Henshaw, and settled on the
present homestead of Smith Hitt. He was an ac-
tive and worthy citizen. He removed with his
larffe family to Batavia, N. Y., in 1829, and died in
1845, aged 82. Dea. Benjamin Blossom, of ^
Mich., and Abigail, wife of Arthur Toby, of Pitts-^
ford, N. T., are his only surviving children.
Blossom, David C, from Wells, 1816, m. Lucy,
da. of Daniel Goodrich, and settled on the Timothy
Allen farm, whore he lives, retired from business,
iat the age of 83. His wife died in 1862, aged 65.
They raised a family of seven children : Pauline,
Anna, Laura, David G., Hiram S., Henrv and Be-
thiah. Pauline m. John Upham, Winooski ; Anna
m. Orson Goodrich, Richmond, and died in 1839,
aged 48 ; Laura m. Col. Lee T. Rowley, of Gran-
ville, N. T., died in 1855, aged 41 ; Hiram, m. Jane
Woodward and died in 1862, a^od 82 ; Honrv m.
Sarah Stevens and removed to Chicago ; Bethiali m*,
Orson Goodrich, Richmond. David G. Blossom, the
only one remaining in town, m. Fidelia Goodrich,
ana succeeded to the homestead, on which he has,
just erected an elegant and convenient house.
Blossom, William, from Wells, 1844, m. Phebe,,
da. of David Lewis, and settled on the Samuel
Wright place. They raised a family of four child-
ren : Benoni, who married Lucia, da. of Gideon A..
Loomis ; William, who married Paulina, da. of
Paul Hulett, who died in 1852, a^ed 32; next mar-
ried Mary L, da. of Charles Lamo, of Middletown ;.
Joseph, who married Paulina, da. of Orlin Hulett,.
and died in 1863, aged 43, and Rebecca, who mar-*
ried Pomroy Wells, of Poultney.
15
170 Pawlbt.
Braob, Hon. Jonathan, from Glastenbury, Conn.,
1780. He was probably the first attorney in town,
a man of commanding talents and contributed
largely to set the machinery of society In order.
He settled near the present residence of James
Leach, the contemplated site at that day of the
county buildings. He was a member of the coun-
cil of censors in 1786. In a few years he returned
to Connecticut, where he became distinguished in
his profession and in public life.
Branch, Daniel, irom Norwich, Conn., 1784,
settled in the northeast part of the town, on the
present homestead of Samuel Thompson ; his nu-
merous descendants have mostly left town. He
died in 1822, aged 86 ; his wife in 1812, aged 73.
Branch, Joseph, son of Daniel, was an active bu-
siness man and for several years ran a line of stages
from Burlington to New York and also from Albany
to Buffalo. He died in 1853, aged 73.
Branch, Miner, son of Daniel, m. a sister of Rev.
Dr. Nathaniel Colver, of Boston. She was an aunt
of Hon. Erastus D. Colver, late minister to Vene-
zuela. The familv left town many years since.
BoNNBY, Rev. Elijah, from Iladley, Mass., 1844,
succeeded Rev. Dr." Plumb in the pastorate of the
Congregational church. Reserved and circumspect
in his deportment, his public efforts evinced careful
preparation. In his private and pastoral relations
he was highly esteemed. He married Jane, da. of
Asa S. Jones. He is now in Vernon, N. Y.
Brewster, Rev. Timothy, from Norwich, Conn.,
settled on the Ezra Andrus homestead, in 1784.
Ho was licensed to preach by the Baptist church
in 1791. He removed to Ellisburg, N. Y., in 1813,
and became pastor of the Baptist church in that
place. He lived to a great age and frequently
visited this town.
Familt Skbtohbs. 171
Bromlby, Oapt LoviNB, from Danby, 1811, m.
Nancy, da. of Daniel Hulett, and settled on the Jo-
seph Fitch farm. He died in 1842, aged 49. He
raised a family often children: Daniel H., who mar-
ried Lucy Thompson and is a merchant at the vil-
lage and was two years in the legislature ; Amos W.,
nx. Laura B. Robmson ; Qeorge W., a physician, m.
Angenette, da. of Philip Clark, and lives in Hunt-
ington ; Jerome B., m. Laura B., da. of Fitch Clark,
was state's attorney for the county in 1865 and 1866 ;
Adams L., m. Harriet, da. of Fitch Clark, who died
in 1861, aged 88 ; next m. Mrs. Mary Phelps, da. of
Dorastus Fitch, who is the only representative of
the families of Moses Porter and Joseph Fitch, left
in town ; Fayette m. Alta, da. of Edward Ilerrick,
and occupies the homestead ; Henry, the youngest
son is blind, has received an education at the asy-
lum for the blind in Boston.
BovNTON, Albert A., from Manchester, 1843, m.
Hannah D., da. of Jacob Lyon, and settled in 1865,
on the Elisha Allen farm.
BosTWiOK, Hbnky, kept the village hotel several
years. Of late he is well and favorably known as
stage driver and express man, from Pawletto Gran-
ville, K T.
BaovfN, Capt. Milton, from Attleboro, Mass.,
1815, m. Eunice, da. of John Guild, and settled near
the cotton factory, of which he was agent some 80
years. He was in the legislature three years and a
director of the bank of Manchester 25 yeare and for
several years its president. He was deacon of the
Congregational church from 1844 until he left for
Potsdam, N. Y., in 1858.
Brown, Elijah, from Stamford, Conn., 1783, set-
tled on the late homestead of his son Gerry Brown.
He was an industrious and useful citizen. He died
in 1835, aged 77 ; his first wife, Phebe, who was the
172 Pawlbt.
mother of his children, died in 1817, aged 57; his
second wife, Esther,. da. of Elijah Stevens, died in
1832, aged 55. He raised a family of seven child-
ren : Seth, who married Shepherd, removed
to Clyde, N. Y. \ Russell, Seely, David, who died
in 1830, aged 83; Polly, died in 1836, aged 42;
Amanda, marned G-ideon A. Loomis, and died in
1885, aged 42,jand Gerry, noticed below.
Brown, Gerry, m. Laura, da. of Jonathan Bid-
well and succeeded to the homestead. He died in
1864, aged 63. They raised three children : Selden
6., who married Densia, da. of Washington G. Wait
and succeeded to the homestead ; Celestia, who
married Dewitt 0. Wait, and died in 1858, aged 22,
4tnd Castera.
Brown, Russbll, m. Betsey, da. of Jared Wilcox,
' -who died in 1821, aged 88, leaving three children :
Marshal, Maria and Jane. iN'ext he married Laura
Loveland, and died in 1825, aged 39. Maria m.
Samuel G. Guilford, of Middle Granville ; Jane m.
Sidney Wright, now of Cambridge, N. Y.
Brown, Sbblt, 2d, m^ Lvdia, da. of Jared Wilcox,
and died in 1886, aged 47 ; his wife in 1817, aged
.27. TheiT only daughter, Lydia, m. Horace Cro-
foot, and died 1841, aged 25.
Brown, Shbly, from Stamford, Conn., 1780 ; m.
JTen^ima, da. of Oapt. Benoni Smith, and settled
just north of the old Baptist church. He was an
enterprising and liberal citizen, and gave to the
West Pawlet meeting house company the site for
the church, parsonage and cemetery. He built, at
the Palls near by, a saw mill and clover mill. He
died in 1809, aged 50 ; his widow, who married
Capt. Ephraim Kobinson, died in 1834, aged 66.
None of the family remain in town.
BuRCH, Porter, from Granville, 1866 ; settled on
Family Sketohbs. 17S^
the Abraham "Woodard place, near the depot, West"
Pawlet.
Burt, GBORaB W., from Northumberland, K. T.,
1855, m\ Cordelia, da. of David F. Hammond, andl
settled in 1867, on the Isaac Wickham place.
BuiiTON, Dr. Simon, after assisting in tlie organi-
zation of Arlington, became the first settler of this
town. On account of his being the first settler,
the proprietors voted him fiftjr acres of land, though
tradition has it that it was given to his wife, as the^
first white woman who ever set foot in town. He
was town or rather proprietor's clerk in 17G9, the
oldest record in existence. Ho lived to a good old!
age, at North Pawlot, and died about 1810. Ho
was interred in the village cemetery, but no stone^
marks the spot.
BusBEB, Capt. Jeremiah, from Danby, m. Dorcas^,
daughter of James Bassford, and has been village
tailor some forty years. He was selectman ten^
years, only one man, Simeon Edgerton, Jr., hold-
ing the office longer than he.
BusHNBLL, Dea. Bbnajah, was an early settler on
the farm now owned by Jacob Lyon. He was-
an honored member of society and held in high-
esteem. He died in 18] 4, aged 71 ; his wife in*
1814, aged 73.
Carpenter, Lucius M., a native of Kirby, from*
Rupert, 1850, m. Phebe, da. of Jonathan Staples,
and succeeded him on the Daniel Fitch, Jr., farm.
He was a medical graduate, but never practiced the
profession ; was in the legislature in 1865-6.
Carver, Nathaniel, from Canterbury, Conn.,
1780, m. Lydia, da. of Simeon Edgerton, and set-
tled on the farm now owned by George Barker. They
raised a family of seven children, John, Betsey,
David, Chester L., Lucj^, Ljdia and Ahiva. lie
died in 1805, aged 62; his widow in 1842, aged 80.
174 Pawlet,
Carver, John, m. Anna Beebe, who died in
1828, aged 86. Next ho married Martha Qifford,
who died in 1861, aged 76. He died in 1864, aged
78. His children were Mary, who married John
Scott, and Lydia, who died in 1865.
Carver, !David, m. Betsey, da. of Dea. Josiah
Toby, who died in 1866, aged 69. He occupies
the reter Stevens place. His children are Charles
N., m. Catharine, da. of Artemus Wilcox ; James
A., m. Jane Clark, and was mortally wounded by
a stone thrown by an unknown party, at the state
fair at Rutland, in 1860, aged 85 ; Helen m. James
M. Shaw, and Maria. His age is 71.
Carver, Chester L., m. Lucy M., da. of Ransom
Harlow, of Whitehall, who died in 1847, aged 89,
leaving four children, Joseph H., Ransom H.,
Nancy M., and Egbert. Joseph H. was educated
at Bethany College, West Virginia, and Antioch
College, Ohio, and settled in Missouri as teacher,
where he died in 1859, aged 26. Ransom H. was
a soldier in the border war in Kansas, and died in
Whifehall, in 1861, aged 27. Nancy M. was ten-
derly reared in the family of Robert Wickham ;
coming of age, she completed her education in
Oberlin and Antioch colleges, Ohio, and is now
engaged in teaching in St. Louis, Mo. Egbert,
left an orphan, was cared for by his aunt, Mrs. Elon
Clark, of Shaftsbury; coming of age, he graduated
at the Commercial College, Albany, and is now in
receipt of a salary of two thousand dollars per
annum, as cashier of the Otego, N. Y., bank.
Boys ! do you hear that? Mr. Carver, in 1849, m.
Emeline George, and died in the asylum for the
Itisane at Brattleboro, in 1863, aged 65. /
Ciiipman, Dr. Lemuel, from Connecticut, 1780,
m. Sina, da. of Col. William Fitch, and settled near
the present residence of James Leach. He was one
Familt Skbtohbs. 176
of a distinguished family who have shed an endur-
ing lustre on the early history of the state. He was
the first president hf the State Medical Society, or-
ganized m 1796. He was in the legislature eight
years. He removed to Richmond, N. T., in 1798,
where he became distinguished as a judge as well
as physician. He lived to an advanced a^e.
Chipman, Dr. Cyrus, brother of Lemuel, married
Anna, da. of Col. William Fitch. He left for the
west with his brother and settled in Rochester,
Mich., about 1820. He died in 1840, aged about 80.
Clark, Elisua, from *Suffield, Conn*., 1784, set-
tled next south of the town farm. He removed to
Orwell, 1796, and lived to a ffreat age. His sons,
who remained in town, were Ozias, Daniel, Joseph
and Asahel.
Clark, Col. Ozias, m. Rachel, da. of Col. William
Fitch, and settled nearly opposite Austin S. Whit-
comb's ; his mansion, one of the best in town, be-
ing burned in 1840. He was a man of groat force
and energy, and a liberal and influential member of
societv. He was deacon of the Congregational
church forty-seven years. He was one of the cor-
porators of the Pawlet Manufacturing Company,
which ran the first cotton mill in the county. He
died in 1855, aged 91 ; his widow in 1864, aged 97.
They raised a family of eight children : Fitch, John
M., Robert, Irene, Nancy, Alta, Betsey and Mariette.
Clark, Fitcii, m. Laura Baker, and settled on
the Joshua Cobb farm. They raised a family of ten
children: Ozias, Lucretia, m. George Willard,
Annis m. Johnson Loomis, and after his death,
Henry Remington, of Castleton ; Sheldon, Harriet,
m. Adams L. Bromley, and died in 1861, aged 38 ;
Jonathan B., m. N. M. Bromley, Laura B., m. Je-
rome B. Bromley, Sarah, m. Fayette Quilford and
died in 1862, aged 28 ; Harry G., m. Flora Sher-
176 Pawlbt.,
m^n, and Horace A., m. Addie Stevens. He cele-
brated his golden wedding in 1864, at which five
generations were present. His age is 75.
Clark, Jo^N M., m, Julia, da. pf Harry Beckwith,
' of West Granville ; succeeded to his father's home-
stead, but removed in 1846 to Whitewater, where
he died in 1864, aged 61.
Clark, Robert, m. Calista Brown, and resides in
the village. For several years he kept the village
hotel. They have raised a family of six daughters :
Betsey, who graduated at the Troy Female Semi-
nary, and married Harrison Everett, of Chicago,
HI. ; Mariette, who married James B. Robinson
and died in 1860, aged 81; Lemira, who married
Franklin, Penfield, of Rockford, 111.; Amelia,
teacher of music, Fanny and Kittie.
Clark, Daniel, m. Sibel, da. of Col. William
Fitch and settled on the present homestead* of Allen
Cook. They raised a family of eleven ^children :
Elisha, William, Philip, Wheeler, John, Cyrus,
Darius, Cprilla, Cornelia, Sina and Daniel. Philip
married Lucy Swallow, who died in 1866, aged 67.
He was a member of the Pawlet band, and widely
known for his proficiency as a bugler. He died in
1842, aged 74; his widow in 1850, aged 78.
Clark, Capt. Joseph, m. Elizabeth, da. of Zeba-
diah Andrus, and settled on the present homestead
of William Monroe. None of his family remain in
town, He died in 1820, aged 43.
Clark, Asahbl, m. Polly B., da. of Daniel Welch,
and settled on his father's place. He died in 1859,
aged 79 : his widow in 1864, aged 82. Their child-
ren were Ephraim F., who married Jane, a daugh-
ter of Capt. JoshuaD. Cobb; Caroline, who married
Daniel F. Cushman, and died in 1851, aged 43, and
Catharine, who married Rich Weeks.
Clark, Hon. Aaron, son of David Clark, was a
Family SKiTOHBS. 177
native of this town, bom in 1791, The family re-
moved to Whiting. He graduated at Union Col-
lege and was admitted to the bar at Albany, N. T.
He was private secretary of Gov. Daniel D, Tomp-
kinb during his term of service. Afterwards he'
was clerk of the assembly. In 1826 he removed
to New York city where he became wealthy. He
was mayor of the city in 1840-41.
Clbveland, Mosbs, from Connecticut, at an early
day, m. Zuba Kendall and settled where the widow
of his son, Asa, now lives. He was public spirited
and benevolent. Jle raised a family of five children :
Calvin, Luther, Augustus, Asa hnd Olive. He died
in 1820, aged 75 ; his wife in 1880, aged 80. Luther
m. Joanna Brewster ; he died in 1866, aged 98. He
came to this town when eight years of age and pro-
bably lived longer in town than any other person has.
His wife died in 1861, aged 86. Augustus was a
colonel in the war of 1812 ; Asa succeeded to the
homestead and m. Ly-dia, da. of Eleazur Crosby ; he
died in 1864, aged 78. His widow removed west iii
1867.
Cleveland, Palmer, from Salem, K. T., settled
on the present homestead of Consider S. Bardwell,
first occupied by John Fitch. He was a deacon of
the Presbyterian church in Hebron, N. Y. Besides
being a large farmer he carried on the tanning busi-
ness. He removed to Indiana with his family about
1832, where died at an advanced age*
Cleveland, Capt David, from Balom, settled oh
the farm next above Palmer's, now occupied by
Merritt W. Bardwell. He married a daughter of
Seth Viets, Sen., and raised a large family, all of
whom, with himself, removed west some thirty
years ago.
Clark, Houaob, son of Gen. Jonas Clark, of
Middletown, married a daughter of Hiram Wait, of
178 Pawlet.
Tinmouth, and settled in the mercantile business at
the village, in 1829, which he continued with a short
interval of five or six years. He was post master
four years. He was a thorough and efficient business
man, and was mainly instrumental in procuring
the charter, and effecting the construction of the
Butland and Washington rail road. Just as the
road was completed, he was attacked with a malig-
nant fever at oalem, N.Y., and was taken on almost
the first train that passed over the road to his home
in Poullney, to die.
Clark, Wilson, from Danby, 1848; raised a
family of three sons, Merritt, Horace and John.
Merntt m. Martha Hanks, and lives in Poultney ;
Horace m. Sarah J. Robertson, who died in 1866,
aged 86 ; John m. Josephine Gray, of Middletown.
Cleveland, David A., from Salem, N. Y., a
relative of the preceding, settled on the Rev. John
Griswold place, in 1866.
Cobb, Gideon, was one of the earliest settlers
from Connecticut, and brought a large family with
him. John and Joshua Cobb were his sons. He
died 1798, aged 81.
Cobb, John, was a prominent man in the early
days of the town, as the records show. He settled
on the hill, near the old cemetery. The old church
grounds and cemetery were on his premises. He
removed to Orwell, and died in 1816, aged 73.
Cobb, Capt. Joshua, m. Hannah, da. of Simeon
Edgerton, Sen., and settled on the present home-
stead of Josiah R. Sherman. He removed to Ver-
non, K Y,
Cobb, Capt. Joshua D., m. Nancy, da. of Col.
Ozias Clark, and settled on the homestead of
Alonzo Smith. He was deacon of the Congrega-
tional church, from 1835 till his removal to White-
Familt Seetohbs. 179
water, Wis., in 1847. He died in this town, while
on a visit, in 1866, aged 74; his wife in 1845,
aged 50.
Cobb, Elkanah, from Connecticut, 1770 ; mar-
ried Mary, da. of Jonathan Willard, and settled on
the late homestead of Elisha Alien* He died in
1795, aged 49. His son, Capt. Willard Cobb, was
an officer in the war of 1812, married a daughter
of Caleb Allen. He built the store house at Pol-
ley's landing, in Port Ann. Thence he went west.
Another son, James, was in the war of 1812, and,
at its close, entered West Point Military Academy.
He removed to the state of Georgia. It is under^
stood that Howell Cobb, conspicuous in the late
rebellion, is his son.
CoLB, Dea, Samuel, from Hebron, N. Y., 1858 ;
married his second wife, Electa Smith, and suc-
ceeded to the homestead of Rufus Perkins. His
son, David D. Cole, is a merchant in Granville, N. Y.;
another son, Whitman, is a commission merchant
in New York city.
CoLViN, Enoch, from Danby, 1845, m. Mary, da.
of Robert Blakeley, who died in 1856, aged 80; next
m. . He succeeded Robert Blakely in the
woolen mill in 1865.
Cook, Titus A., son of Samuel and Chloe Cook,
was the first person born in town, July 22, 1768.
He settled near Granville, N. Y., where Mrs.
Amanda Culver now lives. He was master builder
in the construction of churches and the better class
of dwellings. The old Congregational church, the
Baptist church, the old Episcopal church at Gran-
ville were erected by him. He was justice over
thirty years and esteemed a pure and upright ma-
gistrate. He died in 1827, aged 60. None of his
lamily remain.
Cook, Jambs, from Sandisfield, Mass., settled near
180 Pawlbt.
Sherman Weed's. He was an exemplary and wor-
ihy citizen and universally beloved. For several
years he manufactured lime from an excellent quarry
on his premises. He raised a family of three sons :
Mahlon, John and Erasmus D. Mahlon m. Cor-
nelia, da. of Joei Sheldon, and lives in Manchester ;
John is a physician and now resides in New Jersey ;
£]rasmus !D. m. Charlotte, da. of Simeon Edgerton,
Jr., and succeeded to his homestead. Mr. Cook
removed to Manchester in 1835, and died in 1860,
aged 75 ; his wife in 1849, aged 76.
Cook, Ephraim, settled at an early day in the east
part of the town. He was an intelligent, active
man. He,^ with his family, removed west over thirty
years since. His son, Ephraim P. Cook, who mar-
ried a daughter of David Andrus, was for many
years city superintendent of schools in Buffalo.
Cook, Allen, from Dan by, 1865, m. Hannp-h, da,
of Caleb Parris, and settled on the Daniel Clark
farm.
CoNANT, Capt. John, son of John G. Conant, who
died in Wells in 1830, aged 60 ; m. Martha da. of
Findley McNaughton, and settled at West Pawlet.
His wife died in 1859, leaving four chi)dren :' Daniel,
who recently died in Little Falls, N. Y. ; Orlando,
rail road engineer ; Charlotte, who married Harvey
Pratt, of White Creek, N. Y., and Maria, a gradu-
ate of Qastle ton academy and teacher of drawing,
painting, etc.
CoNANT, RuFUS P., from Enfield, K H., 1811,
settled at West Pawlet in the cloth dressing busi-
ness. He married Fanny Lathe, who died in 1829,
aged 41; next he married Nancy Goodrich. He
removed with most of his family to Wisconsin,
about 1847, where he recently died.
CowDRBY, Dr. Warren A., from Wells, married
Patience, da. of Joel Simonds, and taught school
Familt Sebtohbs. 181
and practiced medicine in this town in 1816. He
removed to Le Roy, K T. He and his wife era-
braced Mormonism, but did not follow on to Utah.
He was a brother of Oliver Oowdrey, one of Joseph
Smith's " Witnesses.'^
Orapo, Joun, from Deighton, Mass., about 1814,
m. Polly, da. of Lemuel Barden, and settled on the
present homestead of his son, Alden B. Orapo. He
was of quiet and industrious habits, and died in
1862, aged 87; his widow in 1862, aged 81.
Crocker, Josiah, from Falmouth, Mass., 178.3;
married a sister of Josiah Toby, and settled on the
present homestead of David Farrar. He raised a
family of six sons and several dauffhters : Benja-
min, James, John, Thomas, Timothy and Ezra.
James was an attorney, and died recently at Buf-
falo. John settled in Warsaw, N. T. Thomas m.
Hooker, and succeeded to the homestead, but
removed to Poultney, where he recently died. The
other sons weht west, but none of them are
living. Mr. Orocker took special pride in his family,
and ^ave them unusual advantages for education.
He died in 1846, aged 86 ; his widow in 1847. aged 84.
Orosby, Elbazar, from Brattleboro, 1806 ; mar-
ried Margaret Toby, and raised a family of nine-
children, all but one of whom have removed west.
The exception is Isaac, who married Eliza, a daugh-
ter of Ouild Willis, who died in 1865.
Crouch, Ithamar, from Brimfield, Mass., 1794 ;
settled near Oapt. Pratt's, and raised a numerous
family, inost of whom died in early life. He re-
moved to Chautauque county, N. Y., about 80*
years since. We saw him in 1856, when, though
able to walk about, he had nearly lost all conscious-
ness, and could not remember his old ueigbbora..
He was then about 90.
16
182 Pawlbt.
Orouoh, Phinbas, a brother of Ithamar, settled
near by, and also raised a numerous family, all but
one of whom (David Crouch, of East Rupert), with
their father, removed to the west. He was a pro-
minent member of Elder Beall's church.
Culver, Samuel, from Wells ; m. Betsey, da. of
Joshua Potter, and settled on the Jesse Tryon place.
He has raised a family of six daughters : Louise is a
graduate of the North Granville Ladies* Seminary ;
^enny is in Lycoming county. Pa., a teacher of
music ; Nellie m. Frederick Baldwin, of Port Ed-
ward, N. Y.
Culver, Erastus, m. Amanda, da. of Joshua
Potter, and settled on the Titus A. Cook place. He
died in 1865.
Curtis, Eldad, from Connecticut; settled at a
very early day on the place now owned by Robert
Stevens. He was uncommonly intelligent and very
fond of music. When compelled, by the improvi-
dence of others, to leave his home when nearly 90,
he composed a farewell hymn, which he sung on
crossing the state line. W hen he had finished the
hymn, he revereptly lifted his hat and bade Pawlet
farewell.
Curtis, Aaron, son of Eldad, succeeded to the
homestead, on which he had an extensive rope
walk, during the war of 1812. Two of his child-
ren were instantly killed, by being thrown from a
wagon, in 1818. He removed to Ithaca, N. Y.,
about 1818, where he established an extensive rope
walk. He was deacon of the church in that town.
He died a few years since, aged about 80.
Cusiiman, Daniel F., was the son of Rowland
Cushman, from Attleboro, Mass., 1811, who settled
near the town farm and died in 1826, aged 78 ; his
widow in 1828, aged 70. He m. Caroline, da. of
Asahel Clark, who died in 1851, aged 43 ; next he
Familt Skbtohbs. 188
m. Huldah, da. of Jonathan Morgan, of Middletowu.
He owns the farm first settled by Elkanah Oobb, in
1782.
Day, Gharlbs, settled some fifty years since on
the premises of Galusha Hanks. His daughter,
who IS the widow of John Brown, of Osawatimie,
is understood to be a native of this town ; she is
now in California.
Dean, Danforth, from Wethersfield, about 1812,
m. ITarcissa, d. of Simeon Pepper, and settled near
West Pawlet. He carried on the brick making
business. He raised a numerous family, most of
whom have left town. Their names follow : Simeon,
Phipps, Danforth, Seth, Jane and Catalina. He
died m 1856, aged 72.
Dbnison, Asa, settled on the late premises of
Bamiiel Taylor, Jr., and built the house now stand-
ing. He died in 1800, aged 50.
JDerby, Benjamin, was an early settler at West
Pawlet, near which place he died some years since
at an advanced age. Ho raised a large family, of
whom we knew only Benjamin, Hiram, Warren
and Seba, who married Chauncey P. Pepper, all of
whom are dead.
Derby, James C, son of Benjamin, Jr., is of the
firm of Derby & Miller, book publishers. New York,
and TJ. S. commissioner to the Paris Exposition.
Dillingham, Stephen, from Granville, N. Y.,
settled on the James Hopkins place, which he sold
in 1865 to Merritt 0. Phelps. He married a daugh-
ter of Deliverance Rogers, and is noted for the
excellent quality of his butter and cheese. He re-
moved to Granville, K Y., in 1866. Of his child-
ren, Judith m. James W. Gray ; Amy m. Lawson
Bardwell, of Poultney ; Dilla m. William Pierce and
died in 1866 ; Mary m. Jesse 0. Gray, and Reuben
m. a daughter of James Norton, of Wells.
184 Pawlbt.
Dyer, Eev, Palmer, from Rutland, was a gradu-
ate of Union College in the same class with the late
Hon. Isaac W. Bishop, of Granville, N. Y. He
became rector of Trinity church, Granville, and
Trinity parish in this town in 1823. He was a man
of refined scholarly tastes and earnest and eloquent
in his public eftbrts. These societies prospered
igreatly under his ministry and the old brick church
was wont to be well filled. He removed hence to
Whitehall about 1881. He was precipitated from a
narrow bridge over the Au Sable river while escort-
ing some timid ladies and was drowned in 1844, at
the age of 46.
Edgbrton, Oapt. Simeon, from Norwich, Conn.,
1781, son of Capt. Joseph Edgerton, who, with his
ship, just before the revolution, was foundered at
sea and never heard from. He was literally one of
the fathers of the town, his descendants numbering
96 at his death in 1809, aged 77. At the death of
his widow, Abiah, in 1821, aged 85, her descend-
ants numbered 209. They brought with them five
sons ; Jedediah, Jacob, John, Simeon and David,
and eight daughters: Betsey, m. Elijah Hyde;
Abiah m. Joseph Adams ; Lydiam. Nathaniel Car-
ver ; Hannah m. Joshua Cobb ; Sally m. Joel Shel-
don ; Philena m. Beth Sheldon ; Polly m. Calvin
Button, and Esther m. Ezra Reed. Capt. Edgerton
was a man of few words, but noted for his energy
and uprightpess of character. He was at the cap-
ture of ifew London and the massacre of Fort Gris-
wold. He was in the legislature two years and was
intrusted with many responsible offices.
Edgerton, Capt. Jedbdiah, settled on the Silaa
Eeed farm. Thence, in 1803, removed to Moriah,
N. T., and was deacon of the Congregational
church in that place. He raised a numerous fa-
mily, none of whom settled in this town. Losing
Family Skbtohbs. 185
his wife, he married the widow of Enos Clark,, o£
Middletown, and lived in that town until her death.
In extreme old age, he went to live with his son^
Dr. Joshua Edgerton, in western New York,
where he closed his exemplary life in 1848, aged
86. His son, John L. Edgerton, is well and widely
known as a teacher and lecturer on natural science.
One of his grandsons, William U., was a physician,
in Caldwell, N. Y., where he- died in early life.
Another grandson, Joseph B., was in the 88th con^
gress from Indiana.
Edqerton, Jacob, settled on the present home-
stead of his son, Sheldon. He married Esther Reed^.
who died in 1792, aged 26, leaving two children,
Eeed and Esther. Next he married Hannah Shel-
don, who died in 1840, aged 69, leaving eight
children, Sheldon, Hannah, Jacob, Hiram, Abra-
ham, George, David and Alta. Jacob m. Narcissa
Gregory, and settled in Butland. He was sherift'
of the county 22 years, and now assistant assessor
of internal revenue. Abraham m. Rachel, da. of
Joshua D, Cobb, and removed to Wisconsin, where
he died in 1864, aged 67. George m. Amanda
Lasell, and removed to Wallingford.
Edgerton, John, m. Mary, da. of Gen. Elisha
Averill, and settled on the present homestead of
his son, Charles P. He was town clerk from 1815
to lb26. He died in 1827, aged 50 ; his widow in
1846, aged 64, leaving five children, Charles F.,
Louisa, Sophia, Betsey and Prances. Louisa m.
Robert Wickham, and died in 1867, aged 62. So-
phia m. Rev. Nehemiah Nelson, of Granville, N.
Y., who died in 18 . Next, she married George
White, who is also dead. Prances m. John Wood-
fin, of Tennessee, who died in 18 . She was
teacher of music in Trdy Conference Academy
several years, and also in Tennessee. After Mr.
186 Pawlbt.
Woodfin's death, she was matron of Sing Sing
Prison, N. T. Betsey m. Rev. Mr, Spragne, of
Schenectady.
EDaBRTON, Oapt. Simeon, Jr., m. Elisaheth,
sister of Rev. John Qriswold, and succeeded to
the homestead. He was deacon of the Congrega-
tional church 22 years. He held many responsible
offices, and was beloved by all who knew him.
He died in 1862, aged 88 ; his wife 1861, aged 81.
They left six children, Porter, John Q., Setsey,
Charlotte, Henrietta and Elizabeth. Porter m. Svl-
vania, da. of David Andrus, who died in 1863,
aged 63. He removed to Castile, K Y., in 1864.
John Or. m. Charlotte Wyman, and removed to
Port Ann, N. T. Betsey m. Silas Gregory. Char-
lotte m. Erasmus D. Cook, who succeeded to the
homestead. Henrietta m. Philo Sheldon, and Eli-
zabeth, Willis Pelch, both of Castile, N. Y.
Edqbrton, Rbbd, m. Lyon, and settled in the
mercantile business at the village. His wife died
in 1821, leaving three sons : Marson, Chester and
Henry. He next m. Harriet, da. of Rev. John
Griswold ; he died in 1829, aged 40. Marson m.
Betsey, da. of Capt Milton Brown, who died in
1847, aged 28; next he m. Lucy, da. of Silas Gre-
gory, who died in 1861, aged 32. He was agent of
the cotton factory several years, and is now a tea
merchant in New York city. Chester removed to
Fremont, Ohio, is an attorney and has been mayor
of that city.
^ Edgbrton, Sheldon, m. Fanny, da. of Rev. John
Griewold. Their children are: Charles, David,
Augustus, Delia, Sophia and Fanny. Delia m.
Johnson; Sophia m. Grove Wright, now of Sterling,
Illinois. He was in the legislature four years and
succeeded to the homestead, which he sold in 1867.
Edqbrton, Charles F., m. Corilla, da. of Daniel
Family Sebtohbs. 18T
Clark, and raised four children : Helen, Horace,
Cornelia M. and Mary. Helen m. James Hayes, of
Oriskanv, N. T,, and died in 1855, aged 28 ; Horace
m. Matilda Taylor ; Mary died in 1865, aged 25. He
was in the legislature in 1844 and 1845. Cornelia
M. is a graduate of Philadelphia Medical College.
Evans, Abiathar, from Connecticut, served
through nearly the whole of the revolutionary war.
Many of his descendants to the fifth generation re-
main in town. He died in 1881, aged 89 ; his
widow in 1847, aged 108. She drew a pension
from 1882.
Evans, Abiathar, Jr., m. Sally Train, and raised
a large family of children : Elyah, Osborn, Trues-
dell, Henry and Mary. Elijah m. Bourn;
Truesdell m. Sally, da. of Asahel Clark.
Everest, Zadoo, was a patriot of the revolution
and representative to the first legislature of this
state in 1778. We find him a trusted and confiden-
tial agent of the council of safety, and employed in
enforcing their edicts of sequestration. He was
representative of Panton in 1789, and of Addison
in 1785.
Fairfield, William, was the second settler in
town, and, as such, received a gratuity of thirty
acres of land. Personally, for aught we know, he
was a worthy man, but having adhered to the royal
cause his property was confiscated and himself
sought a refuge in Canada West, where his descend-
ants still remain.
Parrar, David, from Rupert, m. Esther M., da.
of Maj. Sylvester Smith, and settled on the Josiah
Crocker farm.
Pay, Dr. Jonas, m. the mother of Dr. Jonathan
SafTord, and in his old a^o came to this town to
spend the evening of his days. We remember him
well in our young days when his venerable form,
188 Pawlbt.
bent with the weight of four-score years, went tot-
tering towards the grave. He was one of the most
efficient founders of the «tate ; a compeer of Ethan
Allen, Chittenden, and a host of worthies. He was
clerk of the council of safe^, clerk of the conven-
tion, that in 1777 declared Vermont a free and inde-
pendent state, and was also a supreme court judge.
Finney, Ltman, m. Mary, da. of Abiathar Evans,
Jr., and raised a family of six children : Lucetta,
Mary, Angelia, Helen, Harriet and Abiathar E.
Helen m. Dr. John W. Marshall, and Harriet m.
Merrick Knap p, both of Granville.
Fitch, Col. William, from Lebanon, Conn., was
one of the earliest settlers and most prominent citi-
zens of the town. He was employed by the coun-
cil of safety to furnish supplies to the troops raised
to repel the invasion of Burgoyne in 1777. When
the settlers north of this town fled, panic struck
before Burgoyne, his wife with three small daugh-
ters, all mounted on one horse, started south for a
place of refuge, but being reassured they soon re-
turned. He owned the first saw and grist mill
built at the village, by William Bradford, and kept
the first store in town. The village was known on
our early maps as Fitch's Mills. He died in 1798,
aged 48. His children were : John, Bina, Anna,
Kachel, Sibel, Abial and Margaret.
Fitch, John, settled on the homestead of C. S.
Bardwell and died in 1799, aged 84,
FiTon, Daniel, Sen., from iTorwich, Conn., 1784,
settled in the east part of the town. He raised a
family of nine children : Daniel, Isaac, Benjamin,
Return, Jared, Prosper, Lucy, Saliua and Philene.
All of these, except Daniel, settled abroad. He
died in 1801, aged 68 ; his widow in 1814, aged 65.
Fitch, Daniel, Jr., m. Candace, da. of Judge
Armstrong, of Dorset, and settled on the present
Fahilt Seetohbs. 189
homestead of Lucius M. Carpenter. They raised a
family of five children : Hiram, Cyrus, Daniel H.,
Cynthia and Jane. Hiram entered college, but did
not graduate, becoming partially insane; Cyrus m.
Camilla Garrett and moved west; Daniel II. was a
classmate of Hon. John K. Porter in Union Col-
lege in 1837, who furnishes the following account
of him : *• He was a young man of brilliant talents
and high promise. He removed to Texas and be-
came the editor of the HousUni Siar^ which he
conducted with marked ability. He is said to
have fallen soon after in a duel which he did not
feel at libertv to decline, though he refused to fire
at the party by whom he was challenged and slain."
Cynthia m. Adolphus F. Hitchcock, of Kinffsbury,
JN. Y., who is now member of the assembly for
Washington county ; Jane m. Alpheus Baldwin, of
Westfield, F. Y., who recently died. Mr. Fitch
removed hence to Westfield, N. Y., some thirty
years ago, where he and his wife have recently died
at a very advanced age.
Fitch, Joseph, from Norwich, Conn., 1776, set-
tled on the present homestead of Fayette Bromley.
He was among the foremost and most substantial
men of the town and contributed largely to the
general welfare. His large family of children mostly
settled in town, though now there is but one repre-
sentative of the family, Mrs. Adams L. Bromley,
left in town. His children's names were as follows :
Ephraim, Benjamin, Asahel, Stephen, Silas, Mary
and Sally. His wife died in 1822, aged 76, when
he niarried widow Hannah Wood, who survived
him. He died in 1830, aged 84.
Fitch, Ephraim, m. Sally, da. of Deacon Moses
Porter, who died in 1790, aeed 21, leaving one son,
Dorastus; next he married linoda Sears. He was one
of our most enterprising and public spirited citizens.
190 Pawlbt.
He was in the lerislature three years. He built the
brick tavern at the village, which he kept and con-
dacted the mercantile and milling business. He was
instantlj killed, while cutting ice from the water-
wheel, in 1818, aged 45. His other children were :
Nancy, who married Dr. James H. Willard, and
recently died ; Ferris, and Moses P., who married
Ghloe, daughter of Titus A. Oook.
FiTOH, Oapt. Benjamin, lived on the farm with
his father. He was an influential leader of the de-
mocratic party during the early years of this centuiy,
and probably no more popular man ever lived m
town. He was kind and charitable to a fault, and
in his private relations greatly beloved. He was in
the legislature eight years. He had three sons:
Braman, John and Appleton. Braman m. Dorcas,
da. of Capt. James Pratt, and moved west ; John is
noticed below; Appleton m. Mary, da. of Gen.
Thomas Davis, of Montpelier, where he resides*
She died in 1889, aged 85. Oapt. Fitch died in
1828, aged 58 ; his widow in 1846, aged 88.
FiTOH, Rev. John, m. Sophia, da. of Maj. Sylva-
nus Gregory, and succeeded to the homestead of
his father, whix5h he held but a few years. He was
one of the pioneers of the temperance reform. He
was a preacher of the Methodist church, mostly
local. He died in Middletown in 1859, aged 59,
after a protracted and most painful illness.
FiTOH, AsAHBL, Settled at the village in the tan-
ning business. He raised a large family, who, with
him, moved to the west in 1824.
FiTOH, Silas, was long a merchant at the village
and an accomplished saleshian. He m. Martha
Barnes, who died in 1821, aged 25 ; next he mar-
ried Sarah, da. of Lemuel Barden, who died in 1832,
aged 43. He removed to Detroit, Mich., about
1840, where he soon after died.
Familt Skbtohbs. 191
FiTOH, DoRASTUS, HI. Julia Bright, who died in
1823, aged 86, leaving five children, Ann, Betsey,
Julia, Delia and Sarah. Ann is the only one living.
TSQxtj he married Anna Huhbard, and raised a far
mily of four children, Mary, Fayette S., Helen and
Lucy. He was long an active business man at the
village, and was mainly instrumental in erecting
the rawlet Academy. He was post master 19
years, and deacon of the Congregational church
several years. He died in 1860, aged 78.
Flower, Anson, from Chazy, 'S. Y., 1829 ; m.
Mary Bassford, who died in 1843, aged 85. Next
m. V esta, da. of Nathaniel Hill. His son, James
T., m. Mary Michael.
FiTOH, Rev. Ferris, was a graduate of Middle-
bury in 1826. He married SaUy, youngest daugh-
ter of Eev. John Griswold, and was first settled over
a Congregational church in Elliott, Me. Thence,
in 1830, he removed to Ohio, where he died.
FoLGBR, Daniel, from Easton, N. T. ; m. Susan
Herring, and s^ettled on the Amos Wooster place.
Though they have raised no children of their own,
they have done the next best thing, in carefully
bringing up several children of other families.
GiBBS, Zebulon, from Connecticut ; settled near
West Pawlet. He raised a family of three sons,
demons, Spencer and Ira. Clemons's second wife
is aunt to Col. Ellsworth, who was assassinated at
Alexandria the first year of the war, and lives in
Saratoga. Spencer kept tavern near Troy, N. T.,
where he died recently. Ira m. Betsev, da. of
James Roach, of Hebron ; kept the hotel at West
Pawlet several years, and now resides in the north-
east part of the town. Mr. Gibbs died in 1866,
aged 78 ; his wife in 1842, aged 76.
GiFFOiii), Gideon, from Fonaganset, Mass., 1792;
192 Pawlbt.
was by trade a blacksmith, and served through the
war of the revolution. He married Ruth Butts, of
Bhode Island, who died in 1796, leaving eight
children. Next, he m. Betsey, da. of Asa willey,
and raised another family of ten children. The
only survivors are Noah and Mrs. Kelley.
GiPFORD, Capt. Noah, is 6ne of the few surviving
veterans of the war of 1812. He deserves special
mention for hi zeal,fidelity and efficiency in collecting
and reporting much of the material of this chapter.
He has attained the age of 74. We may be per-
mitted to relate a war anecdote, in which his son,
Warren, was a party concerned. At the battle of
SSpottsylvania O.H., Va., May 12, 1864, while des-
erately engaged in close contact with the enemy,
erffeant Gifford took a stand of colors belonging
to the second North Carolina regiment, which were
planted directly in front of his position. He des-
patched the color bearer with his bayonet, seized
the colors and bore them off in triumph, amid the
cheers of his comrades. He has the colors now in
his possession.
QooDSPBBD, Samubl, from Barnstable, Mass., 1790 ;
m. Sylvia, da. of Josiah Goodspeed, of Wells, and
raised a numerous family, most of whom left town.
Names of children follow : Zenas, Heman, Josiah,
Jemima m. Col. Asa Thompson, Granville, N. Y. ;
Ohloe, Susan m. Silas Shepherd ; Mercy, Rebecca
m. Roswell Clark, of Hampton, and died in 1851,
aged 51, and Hannah m. Levi Stratton. He died
in 1816, aged 58 ; his widow in 1844 aged 77.
GooDSPBBD, Zbnas, m. Anna, da. of Selah Betts,
and succeeded to the homestead. He raised a
family of eight children : Lucius, Arthur, llarry,
Peter, Samuel, Phebe, Polly and Hannah. Arthur
m. Sibel, da. of John Betts, and owns the Samuel
Weeks place ; Harry m. Esther, da. of John Pep-
Family Seetohss. 198
per, who died in 1862, aged 48 ; Phebe m. Warren
Thompson and moved to Missouri, where she died
in 1861, a^ed 40. Mr. Goodspeed died in 1863,
aged 78 ; his wife in 1845, aged 47.
Giles, Ebbnbzer, from Townsend, Mass., 1807,
settled near "West Pawlet. At the breaking out of
the war of the revolution he was among the first to
volunteer for his country. While in the service,,
near New York city, he was severely wounded and
taken prisoner. He was confined in the Sugar
House, a specimen, on a small scale, of Anderson-
ville. He died in 1838, a^ed 78. His children
mostly moved to the west His youngest daughter,
Lucy, who sent the above particulars, died in 1865,
aged 49.
Giles, Bbaman F., son of Ephraim Giles, and
grandson of the preceding, is the only representa-
tive of the family left in town. He married Eunicfe
Folger, and lives on the Reuben Smith place. His
oldest daughter, Mary, is a graduate of the state
normal school of Now J ersey.
Graves, Amos, from Rupert, 1815, settled just
above Capt. Pratt's. He raised a numerous family,
some of whom were educated at college. His son^
Rev. Azariah R. Graves, graduated at Middlebury
in 1833, and settled as a Congregational minister
in the state of Florida. The family removed hence
to Northumberland, N. Y., in 1842, where Mr..
Graves soon after died.
Green, Beriah, from Randolph, about 1810, set*,
tied in the east part of the town, and was conspicu-
ous for his zeal and forwardness in« religious con^
cerns. He removed to Ohio about 1830, and lived
to a great age. His only sons known to us are Be-
riah and Jonathan S.
Green, Rev, Beriah, Jr., was a graduate of Mid-
17
194 Pawlbt.
dlebury, 1820. In 1822 he became the pastor of
the Congregational church atBrandon. We nextfind
him at Wliitesboro, N. Y., principal of the Oneida
Institute and an able and a zealous champion of the
anti-slavery cause. He was the first secretary of the
American Anti-Slavery Society, formed in Phila-
delphia in 1831. That society, hunted from city to
citv, and unable at times to find a place in which to
hold its anniversaries, steadfastly maintained its ex-
istence till the accomplishment of the purposes for
which it was formed. The abolition of slavery was
not accomplished directly in the way contemplated
by this society, who hoped to effect it by moral ap-
peals. But, doubtless, the flood of light poured on
the American mind at its anniversaries, where were
wont to convene the strongest men of the country,
aided by the press, hastened its accomplishment.
When the history of American emancipation is
written the name of Beriah Green will stand high
on its roll of fame.
Qrbbn, Rev. Jonathan S., enlisted in the mis-
sionary service some forty years since. His field of
labor was the Sandwich Islands, which by mission-
ary effort has been transformed from heathenism
into Christian communities. He has also held high
office in the civil service of those islands.
Gregory, Maj. Sylvanus, from Suffield, Conn.,
1790, settled at the village in the hat making busi-
ness. He took a lively mterest in public concerns,
and about 1806 took a census of the inhabitants
of the town, which exceeded three thousand, a
larger number by seven hundred than were ever
reported by the U , S. marshals. He raised a family
of eight children : Silas, Alfred, Simeon, Minerva,
Clarissa, Polly, Sophia and Elmira. Alfred became
a physician and settled in Fort Ann, N. Y. ; Simeon
removed to the west; Minerva died single in 1865,
Family Sebtohbs. 196
aged 80 ; Clarissa also died single iu 1849 ; Polly
m. Allen Vail, of Middletown, and died in 1866,
aged 74 : Elmira m. David Savage, of Ohamplain,
N. T. Miy. Gregory and his wife both died in
1848, each at the age of 82.
Gregort, Silas, is now the oldest inhabitant of
the village. He m. Lucy, da. of Nathaniel Carver,
who died in 1824, aged 82 ; next he m. Lydia, sister
of the first, who died in 1867, aged 67, leaving two
children, Lucy and Betsey ; next he m. Betsey, da.
of Simeon Edcjerton, Jr. He has long been known
as an active, industrious citizen, and has attained
the age of 77.
Griswold, Rev. Joun, from Lebanon, N. H.,
1792, succeeded Rev. Lewis Beebe in the pastorate
of the Congregational church, and was ordained Oct.
23, 1798. He was successful in building up a large
and influential church, over which he was pastor
until 1831, a period of thirty-eight years. He Was
highly esteemed by his cotemporaries in the church,
sociotv and town, and was iu good repute among
neighboring churches. His reputation as a peace-
maker was great and he was frequently called on to
aid in council, over which he frequently presided.
He was a graduate of Dartmouth, N. H. He m.
Betsey Lay, who died in 1808, leaving six children :
Harry, Harriet, Betsey, Fanny, Sophia and Sally.
Next he m. Sarah, widow of Dr. Meigs, of Bethle-
hem, Conn. He died in 1852, aged 87 ; his widow
at New York city in 1867, a^ed 92.
Griswold, HarrIt, m. Alta, da. of Col. Ozias
Clark, and settled on the present homestead of
Charles Hujett. He was an amiable and worthy
citizen, and deservedly held in the highest esteem.
He was deacon of the Congregational church seve-
ral years and was town clerk from 1846 to his death
in 1848, aged 62.
196 Pawlbt.
Guild, John, from Attleboro, MaB8., 1802, set-
tled near the cotton factory, of which he was agent
several years. He was an upright and thorough
business man and safely conducted the cotton busi-
Tiesa through the trying times that succeeded the
war of 1812. His children were : Ohauncy, Plina,
* Milton, Eunice, Lucy and Abigail. He died in
1850, aged 87 ; his wife in 1830, aged 68. His sis-
ter, Lucy, married Nathaniel Wilmarth, of Ira, and
wns killed by falling out of a wagon in Ira, at which
«pot a stone is erected, marked L. W. Chauncy
Ouild m. Celinda, da. of Nehemiah Bourn, who
died in 1839. He is the only survivor of his father's
family in town and is well and favorably known as
land surveyor and tinsmith. His age is 78.
Hall, Danibl H., married a daughter of Amasa
Vail. He had three sons in the service; the oldest
of whom, Seldon A., died of disease.
Hanks, Willlam, from Suffield, Conn., settled
on the present homestead of Alex. Clayton. He
was an enterprising though eccentric man. He
planted a vineyard north of his house, which, for a
while, was promising, but the boys would steal his
crapes, which so vexed him that he let it run down.
On many places in West Pawlet a vine derived from
this vineyard still flourishes. He built a grist mill on
Pawlet river just below the Frary bridge. He died
iti 1807, aged 79 ; his widow was burned to death
in 1809, aged 73. His sons, who settled in this
town, were Oliver, Joseph and Arunah.
Hanks, Oliver, settled at West Pawlet. He
held the position of magistrate fifty-one years, and
secured and retained the confidence of the commu-
nity through this long period. His decisions, sel-
dom appealed from, were never reversed. His
knowledge of legal forms enabled him to perform
much of the law business required by the people.
Family Skbtohbs. 19T
He was in the legislature four vears and solemnized
98 marriages. He married i5eidamia Porter, who-
died in 1840, aged 63, leaving eight children, Mar-
cia, Romeo, William, Oamillus, Isaac, Galusha,
Safford and Ermina. Oamillus m. Jane Nelson^
and moved to Ohio ; Isaac m. Lucinda Whedon^
Wisconsin; Qalusha m. Lovina, da. of Simeoa
Pepper, Jr. Next, Mr. Hanks m. Rebecca Ross,,
and died in 1859, aged 82.
Hanks, Galusha, m. Lovina, da. of Simeon Pep-
per, and settled at West Pawlet. Thoy have a-
family of tvirelve children, three of whom were in.
the service. Of their daughters, Martha m. Mer-
ritt W. Clark, of Poultney, and Olive J. m. Walter
S.Warner. •
Hanks, Joseph, ran the grist mill his father
built. He raised a numerous family, and with
most of them removed to West Virginia, in 1816..
His eldest son, Jarvis, was a drummer boy, at the-
age of 14, in the war of 1812. He afterwards be-
came noted as a landscape and portrait painter,* nt
Cleveland, Ohio. His next son, Festus, became a
Presbyterian minister in New Jersey, where he-
died in early life.
Hanks, Arunah, m. Lucy, da. of Jacob Perkins,
and succeeded to the homestead. Of his seventeen
children, but few survive, and only one, Arunah,
Jr., remains in town, who married a daughter of
Abel Robinson. Mr. Hanks died in 1830, aged 60;
his wife in 1860, aged 88.
Harmon, Ezbkibl, from Suffield, Conn., 1774;.
settled on the present homestead of David Andrus..
He married Lydia Harmon, Jan. 10, 1776, they
being the first couple married in town. He was a
man of integrity, and commanded the confidence-
of his townsmen. He was a magistrate a great
number of years, aud was deacon of the Cougre-
198 PiwtKf.
gational church over forty years. He had a nume-
rous family^ but scarce one of his descendants
remain in town. He had throe sons who wore
professional men: Nathaniel; Ira, who suffered
from chronic poor health, and died in middle life,
at Benson, and Ezekiel, who was a physician and
died young. Deacon Harmon d. in 1831, aged 80.
Harmon, Nathaniel, m. Alice, da. of Dea. Joseph
Hascall, and settled as attorney at the village. He
practiced law over forty years, being most of the
time the only practitioner in town. He was held
in the highest esteem by his professional brethren,
and deemed one of the ablest jurists in the state.
Though a man of decided political views, his tastes
did not lead him into the arena of public and poli-
tical life, and he seldom attended the polls. He
was a member of the Council of censors in 1834,
and of the Oonstitutional Convention in 1886. His
mind was a rich store house of knowledge, espe-
cially of historic lore, which (when off duty) he
to6k great pleasure in communicating to others.
He died in 1845, aged 65 ; his widow in 1853, aged
78. They raised three children: Proserpine m.
Willard Meacham, and died in 1832, aged 29;
Clarti m. John T. Barden, and died in 1830; and
George W. m. Mary Ann Penfield, and removed to
Benmngton, where he is an attorney and cashier
of the Stark bank. He was a member of the Con-
stitutional Convention from this town, in 1843.
Harman, Capt. Nathaniel, from New Lebanon,
Conn., 1768, married a daughter of Col. William
Fitch, and settled on the present homestead of
William Monroe. He was one of the first members
of the Baptist church in West Pawlet. He removed
west in 1798, since which we know nothing of him.
Harmon, Dr. Oliver L., from Suffield, Conn.,
commenced the practice of medicine in this town
Familt Skbtohbs. 199
in 1798, and continned in it till his death in 1852,
affed 82 ; his widow died in 1858, aged 78. He set-
tled at the village. He was an extremely modest
and amiable man, and was held in high repute as a
family physician. Only one daughter, Berintha
Hulett, of a largefatdily, remains in town.
Harmon, Joel, m. Abial, da. of Col. William
Fitch, and settled on lands now owned by Alden
B. Orapo. The town records show him to have
been a leadini^ man. He was deacon of the Con-
gregational church several years.
Harmon, Maj. Jobl, Jr., m. Clara, da. of Deacon
Joseph Hascall, who died in 1795, ased 22. He
was a teacher of music, and published a manual of
music which was a pecuniary loss. He was one of
the earliest merchants and an officer in the war of
1812. He removed to Richland, N. Y., in 1804,
where he followed the profession of music teacher
many years.
Harwood, Capt. John, from Rupert, which town
he had represented in the legislature, married a
daughter of Hon. Grove Moore, who died in 18 — ;
next he married Sophia^ widow of Ezra Reed. He
settled at the village.
Harwood, Rollin J., son of Capt. John Harwood,
married Sarah, daughter of Silas Reed. He owns
the land in the extreme northeast corner of the
town.
TIasoall, Joseph, from Bennington, 1787, married
Alice Fitch, and settled on the present homestead
of James N. Mason. He was deacon of the first
Baptist church twenty-four years. He was a man
of great energy and perseverance and contributed
more than most men in the construction and build-
ing up of sociotv. He raised a family of ten child-
ren, to whom ho gave all the educational advan-
tages compatible with his limited means; their
200 Pawlbt.
names follow : Ralph, Asa, David A., Daniel, Saf-
ford, Lebbeus, Alice, Clara, Nancy and Philene.
Ralph was an attorney and settled in Essex, N. T.
He represented his county in the senate and assem-
bly ; Asa was an attorney, settled in Malone, N. Y.;
he also was in the senate and'assembly and in con-
S*ess; Dr. David A. settled in Kentucky. Rev.
aniel Hascall settled in Hamilton, N. Y. ; Saflford
m. Betsey, da. of Nath, Carver, and succeeded to
the homestead, but removed to Kentucky about
1818 ; Lebbeus was an attorney and settled at Ticon-
deroga, N". Y. Clara married Joel Harmon, Jr.;
Alice, Nathaniel Harmon ; Nancy, Dr. Stearns, of
vPompey, N. Y., and Philene, Mr. Baker, of the
same place. It is a somewhat singular fact that all
these brothers lost their wives and married a second
time. Three of the sisters died before their hus-
bands. All of them are now dead. Deacon Hascall
died in 1814, aged 73 ; his widow died at Pompey,
N. Y., about lo46, over 90. Their descendants are
widely scattered in the northern and western states.
Hasoali<, Rev. Daniel, graduated at Middlebury
in 1806, and was soon after licensed to preach by
the Baptist church in this (own. He was a man of
great industry and ability and was mainly instru-
mental in establishing the theological seminary at
Hamilton, N. Y., where be was settled as pastor.
He was the first principal of that institution and
continued in that position for several years. He
spent a few of the last years of his life in West Rut-
land, where he had married the widow Moses,
Hawkins, Riley, from Castleton, married Maria
Stearns and settled at West Pawlet as village tailor.
His family consists of one son and one daughter:
Don, who married Hattie Taylor, and Cornelia,
who is a graduate of Castleton seminary, and has
for many years followed the profession of teaching.
Family Skbtohbs. * 201
Hastings, Hbman, m. Lucy Pomroy and settled
near the centre of the town. He was among the
first in town to engage in wool-growing. He raised
a large family, most of whom have left for the far
west. He removed to Milwaukie some thirty years
since. Several of his sons settled in this and ad-
joining town and were men of property and stand-
ing.
Henry, Andrew, from Ireland, married -a daugh-
ter of Abiathar Evans, and settled on the present,
premises of Albert A. Boynton in the mercantile
business. He was a man of note and influence in
his day. He removed to Hector, N. Y., about 1820
and lived to a great age. He left one memento,
the "Henry" apple, of most exquisite flavor.
Henry, Jeffrey J., from Brattleboro, 1840, set-
tled at the village at the harness-making business.
Hill, Nathaniel, from New York city, lived
moj3tly at the village, where he died in 1880, aged
77. Two of his daughters married Bassfords, who
settled in town leaving many descendants.
Hill, Nathaniel, Jr., married Diantha Harmon,
and now lives at the village at the age of 78. Several
of his sons removed to the state of Georgia; only
one son, Charles K., remains in town.
HiTT, Smith, from Danby, 1841, m. Maria, da. of
Caleb Randall, of Danby, and settled on the Seth
Blossom farm. They have raised a family of seven
children : William IL, Caleb S., John E., Anson,
Gal en R., Mary and Sophia. "William died in Atlan-
ta, Geo., 1858, a^ed 27 ; John E. m. Mary Danforth,
and is a physician at "Wallingford ; Caleb S. m.
Mary Whedon, And is settled at Rutland ; Anson
m. Caroline License ; Galen R. m. Sarah, da. of Dr.
Crowley, of Mt. Holly, and is an attorney at Albany,
N. Y. ; Mary m. John Stearns, Jr., and removed to
£ansas.
202 Pawlbt.
HoLLiSTBR, AsHBBL, from Glastenbury, Conn.,
1781, m. Mary Pepper, from New Braintree, Mass.
He was in the revolutionary service under the im-
mediate command of the renowned Polish general,
Kosciusko. He raised seven sons and one daugh-
ter : Ashbel W., Orange, David; A. Sidney, Horace,
Harvey, Hiel and Mary, who married Eleazer Ly-
man, of Oswayo, Pa. Ashbel W. m. George,
who died in 18 ; he died 1864, aged 74; Orange
m. Penelope, da. of Josiah Smith, and died in 1862,
aged 70, in Starkey, N. Y. ; David m. Zilpha
Brooks and died in Truxton, N. Y., in 1854, aged
60 ; Horace m. Julia, da. of Josiah Smith, who died
in 1838; next he m. Caroline, da. of Samuel Mc-
whorter, and settled last at Warsaw, N. Y.; Har-
vey died in 1820, aged 21. Our father waa an early
settler and knew nearly all the old families in town.
On the stock of anecdotal lore, acquired from him,
our most liberal drafts are duly honored.
We may be indulged in a brief history and gene-
alogy of our family. Our earliest known ancestor
was John HoUister, born in Glastonbury, England.
Here is the genealogical tree : 1. John Hollister, born
1612, m. Joan Treat, in Glastenbury, Conn. He
died 1665, aged 63 ; she died 1694: 2. John Hoi-
lister, Jr., born 1642. m. Sarah Goodrich, 1667, died
1711, aged 69. 8. Thomas Hollister, born 1672, m.
Dorothy Hill, 1696, died 1742, aged 70. 4. Josiah
Hollister, born 1696, m. Martha Miller, 1718, died
1766, aged 70; 6. Amos Hollister, born 1724, m.
1750, died 1779. 6. Ashbel Hollister, born 1759,
m. Mary Pepper, 1790, died 1840, aged 81. 7. Hiel
Hollister, born 1806, in Pawlet, Vt.
Hollister, Rev. A. Sidney, received a collegiate
education at Fairfield, N. Y. ; m. Anna, da. of Jo-
seph Teall, and entered on the Episcopal ministry
in 1821. He served as a home missionary in Oneida
Family Sketches. 208
and Onondaga counties, N. Y., until 1840, when he
removed to Michigan, and acted in the same capa-
city. He was chaplain of the Michigan State pri-
son one or two years. He died in 1866, aged 60.
HoLLiSTBR, HiBL. It may possibly be interesting
to some, to have our autobiography. This town
has always been our home, and we feel proud of
her record, and a deep interest in her prosperitjr
and well bein^. Our main occupation through life
has been farming, though we kept district school
seven winters, and were engaged in mercantile
business, at West Pawlet, seven years, from 1854.
We were married in 1830, to Sarah M. Sa^e, of
Sandisfleld, Mass., who died in 1882, aged 24.
Next m. Caroline C. Harlow, of Whitehall, N. T.*
Our family consists of six children, Frederic M.,
Francis S., Albert E., Willis H., Orange S. and
Auffusta 0. Frederic M. m. Estelle WeUs of Glas-
tenbury. Conn. ; Francis S. m. Julia, da. of Mark
Warner, Jr., and Willis H. m. Emeroy, da. of Dan-
iel D. Nelson, of Granville, N. Y.
HoLLiSTBR, Innbtt, from Glastenbury, Conn.,
1781 ; took part in the revolution, and was present
at the execution of Major Andr6, whom, we have
frequently heard him say, was the handsomest man
he ever saw. He was a man of singular mildness
and gentleness of disposition. He was intrusted
with several responsible town offices, and was in
the legislature three years from 1816. He married
Mary Kendall, who died in 1881, a^ed 72 ; he died
in 1844, aged 88. He raised a family of six child-
ren : Amos, Hartley, Laura, Mary, Innis and Cal-
vin. Amos m. Catharine Hurlbut^ who died ^,
aged 66, leaving two children, Horatio and Jane,
who, with their father, occupy the homestead.
Hartley m. Lucy Miller, and died in 1848, aged 48.
His widow is the wife of William Clark, of W hite-
204 Pawlbt.
hall, K T. His only son, Marvin, is an attorney
in Wisconsin. Laura m. Ashbel Stevens, and died
in 1808, aged 19, leaving one son, William H. Ste-
vens, of Whitehall. Mary m. William R. Huggins,
of Michigan. Innis m. Martha Page, of East Ba-
£ert, and removed to Illinois. Calvin m. Lois
loon, of Granville, N. Y., and resides near Fair-
fax C. H., Va.
HoLLiSTBR, Elijah, from Glastonbury, Conn.,
1782, settled in the northwest part of the town near
the brick school house. He was a lieutenant«in the
revolution and was at Bunker Hill. He removed
to Allegany county, N. Y., where he died about
1840, over 80 years of age.
Hopkins, Jambs, from Rhode Island at a very
early day, settled in the southwest part of the town
on the Governor's right. He commanded a com-
pany in Gen. Ethan Allen's expedition to Canada in
1776. He married Miriam Kent, a cousin of Chan-
cellor Kent. He removed to Hebron, N. Y., and
kept a tavern on the turnpike several years. He
died in 1830, aged 82.
Hopkins, Ervin, only son of James Hopkins, on
his father's removal succeeded to the homestead.
He was educated at Middlebury, but on account of
a personal disagreement with one of the professors,
did not graduate. He had the reputation of beinff
the best scholar in his class, and in 1818 received
the honorary degree of A. M. He raised a large
family, of whom James is an attorney ; Ervin was
member of the New York assembly in 1863, and
Prank was secretary of Wisconsin and is now mem-
ber of congress ; all of whom, with their father, are
in Wisconsin.
HosFORD, Henry R., married Melvina Smith and
succeeded to the homestead of his step-father,
Ephraim Robinson, Jr.
Familt Skbtohbs. 206
Houghton, Dr. Charles, from Marlboro, 1885, m.
Eliza Woodman, of West Brattleboro, and settled
in the practice of medicine at the village. He was
an active, wide-awake member of society. He re-^
moved hence to Bennington in 1847, and thence to
Philadelphia, Fa.
Houghton, Dr. A. Sidney, from EUisburg, N". Y.,
1844, m. Fanny M. Woodman, of West Brattleboro,
and settled at the village in the practice of his pro-
fession. He was in the legislature in 1861 and '62;
and during the war a member of the State Medical*
Board.
HuLBTT, Daniel, from Killingly, Odnn., 1780;
settled on the Willard tract. He was at the battle*
of Saratoga and severely wounded, but refused ta
leave the field while he could " load and fire." He-
was noted for great energy, industry and perseve*
ranee, and amassed a large projperty. He raised a^
family of three sons: Paul, Daniel and Joshua, and
seven daughters. These children, all in turn, raised'
large families, many of whom reside in this and*
neighboring towns. He and his wife both died in»
1888, the former 90, the latter 83.
HuLBTT, Paul, m. Olive Wooden, and first set-^
tied in Danby, but moved on the John Cobb places
near the village, in 1820. He became a large owner
of land, having several farms in this town, Wells-
and Danby. j&e was one of the earliest anti-slavery
men in town and maintained a decided stand. He-
raised a family of nine children : Orestes B., Orlin,
Josiah, Jared, Orson G., John S., Philetus N"., Al~
zina and Paulina. John S. Hulett was in the legis-
lature from Wells in 1846 and 1847. Mr. Hulett
died in 1845, aged 69; his widow in 1854, aged 74..
Hulett, Daniel, Jr., settled near his father. H'e-
married Hannah Buxton; next Betsey Phillips^
18
S06 Pawls*.
who died in 1813, aged 24 ; next Betaqr Woodworth^
who died in 1864, aged 79. He raised a fcunily of
ten children, of whom Tobias sncceeded to the
homestead ; Marshal m. Margaret, da. of William
Clark, and moved to Wisconsin ; Martha m. Apol-
los Hastings and is dead ; Sally m. Bobert Cobb.
Mr. Hnlett died in 1836, aged 59 ; his widow in
1864, aged 79:
HuLBTT, Dteb, son of Daniel Hnlett, Jr., married
Anna Forbes of Wallingford and settled on the
Beth Sheldon fiu-m. They have raised a £unily of
ei^ht children, fonr of whom were deaf mntes.
These have had the benefit of an education at the
deaf and dumb asylnm at Hartford, Conn. Two of
these latter only survive.
HuLSTT, Joshua, m. Harmony Woodworth and
settled in the east part of the town, near Danby.
He raised a family of ten children. He was a hard
working man, and, like his brothers, accumulated
a handsome property. He built a beautiful family
cemetery near bis. residence, inclosed with an iron
fence. He died in 1858, aged 78; his wife in 1861,
aged 76.
HuLBTT, Joshua, Jr.,m. Lydia Kelly and lives on
the Kathaniel Smith tarm. They raised three
children: Eunice, Juna and Adelia. Eunice mar-
ried William White, Juna married Galen L. Hulett.
HuTCHiNS, BuLKLBT, from Patney, 1795 ; m. Eli-
zabeth Johnson, and raised eleven children. Of
these, only two survive : Irene, who followed the
business of teaching 87 years, mostly in Troy, N.
Y., and m. deacon Samuel Gilbert, of Shushan, in
1860, and Lois, who taught school 16 years. Mr.
Hutchins died in 1850, aged 85 ; his wife in 1846,
aged 77.
Hydb, Rev. AzARiAH, from Randolph, suc-
ceeded Samuel M. Wood in the pastorate of the
Familt Sebtohbs. 207
Congregational church, 1859. He had been teacher
in the Oastleton Academy, and was a graduate of
Middlebunr. Dignified, yet conciliatory, of pure
diction and classic tastes, faithful and untiring in
his pastoral duties, he commanded the respect and
confidence of his people, lie was a prompt worker
in the national cause, during the rebellion. His
reports, as town superintendent of schools, which
office he held during most of his residence in town,
were searching and sometinies caustic, but were
listened to with great deference, and were produc-
tive of beneficial results. He removed in 18G5, to
Polo, 111.
HuuLBUT, AsHBBL, from Wcthcrsfield, Conn.,
1810; m. Lucy Bl in, who died in 1811, aged 29.
Next, m. Betsey, da. of Peter Stevens, and settled
at West Pawlet. They raised a family of three
children, Lucv B., Lucius B. and Walter S. Lucy
B. was a graduate of Troy Female Seminary, and
one of the first principals of the Troy Conference
Academy at Poultney. She m. Gen. Isaac Mc-
Daniels, of Rutland, and was drowned at the burn-
ir]g of the Henry Clay steamer, near Yonkers, N.
Y., in 1852, aged 38. Lucius B. followed the pro-
fession 'of teaching at Fredonia, N. Y. Walter
became an attorney, settled in Buffalo, but died in
Granville, N. Y., in 1849, aged 80. Mr. Hurlbut
was an ambitious, stirring man, devoted to educa-
tion, and an ingenious mechanic. He died in 18^28,
aged 46.
Jennings, Joseph, son of Jonathan Jennings,
who was an early settler in Rupert, married Sally
Tooley, and settled on the mountain. He raised a
family of three children, James, Linus and Laura.
Johnson, Capt. James, from Granville, N. Y., m.
Ruth, da. of James Williams, and settled at West
Pawlet, of which he is one of the oldest inhabit-
208 Pawlbt.
atits. He raised a fiEtmily of two sons, Leonard and
Plorace. Leonard m. Harriet, da. of Henry Vieta,
and has been station agent at West Pawlet depot,
since 1853. Floraee m. Mehala, da. of James
Whedon, and is deputy post master.
Jones, Ephraim, from Plainfield, *Oonn., 1790 ;
settled on our present homestead. He was popu-
larly known as deacon Jones. He retained a strong
attachment for his native state, to which for many
years, he made an annual pilgrimage. Thouga
outwardly rou^h and rather forbidding, he was a
man of ffreat nospitality and friendliness. He m.
E.achel, da. of Capt. John Stark, one of a ^< nest
of twelve sisters, with a brother in it." They
raised a family of eleven children : Joel, Harry,
Asa 8., Ahira, Ephraim, John, Harrison, Jared,
Kosanna, Mariette and Eachel. These children are
mostly living, but none of them in town. Rosanna
m. David Kelly, Illinois ; Rachel m. Isaac T. Par-
ris, of Fairfax ; Ephraim m. Sophia Page, and was
almost instantly killed by the falling timbers of a
barn, in which he had taken refuge during a tor-
nado, in 1858. Joel and Asa S. carried on the
woolen manufacture several yeara, in the mill now
owned by Enoch Colviu. Dr. Frank H. Jones was
a son of Ephraim, Jr., and died in Doisot, in 18G5.
Deacon Jones died in 1839, aged 69 ; his widow
survived him but a few years.
Jones, Joseph, from Greenwich, Mass., 1781;
settled on the present farm of John A. Orr. He
died in 1816, aged 84 ; his wife in 1810, aged 80.
Jones, Silas, son of Joseph, settled on the pre-
sent homestead of his grandson, Merritt C. He
raised a family of five children : Joseph, Eli, Fanny,
Silas and Hiram. Joseph m. Deborah Viets ; Eli,
Chloe Goodspeed ; Fanny, Walliston Hawley, who
died in 1863, aged 76 ; Silas, Sarah Weeks, and
Familt Skbtohbs. 209*
Hiram, Oatharine Baldrige. These children are
all dead.
JuDSON, Dr. Nathan, from Arlington about 1825 ;
settled and built the house now occupied by Sher-
man Weed. Though a medical graduate, he never
entered on the profession. He removed west about
1845.
KiERNAN, Eev. John, a native of Ireland, was
assigned to the Methodist church at the village, in
1866. Scholarly in his tastes and attainments, high
toned in moral and religious purpose, he seems-
well calculated to exert a beneficial influence over
the people of his cha^e.
E^iOHTS, Gborgb W., from Rupert, 1863 ; settled
on the Samuel Taylor, Jr., place in 1866. He m.
Louisa M., da. of Samuel Coburn. Her father was-
killed while in the army in Tennessee, July 5, 1864.
Her mother, who resides in town, was with her
husband in the army, as nurse and laundress, 21
months, and drew soldier's pay and rations.
Lamvson, Tuuman, from liupert, settled near the
Town farm. He was a gunsmith, and as a marks-
man, was unrivaled. Dignified and gentlemanly
in his deportment, he won the admiration and es-
teem of numerous friends. He was an in^enioua
mechanic and inventor. He now resides in Ben-
nington.
Lay, Amos, from New Hampshire ; was one of
the earliest map publishers or the country. He
was for several years a resident of this town. He
published a township map of this state, on a large
scale, from surveys by Gen. James Whitelaw.
He was a brother of the first wife of Rev. John
Griswold.
Leach, Jambs, from Canter])ury, Conn., about
1780 ; settled on the present homestead of his son,
Lovell. He was a substantial, independent citizen,
210 Pawlbt.
and exerted a great influence in shaping and con-
trolling the political fortunes of the town. He was
in the legislature three years. He died in 1835,
aged 76; his widow in 1842, aged 87. He left
three children, Lovell, James and Ebenezer.
Lbaoh, Lovbll, m. Amy Barslev, succeeded to
the homestead, and raised nine children : Lucretia,
Louisa, Ellen, Lucjr, Elizabeth, William, Lorenzo,
Wesley and Martin V. Elizabeth died in 1850,
aged 19. William died in 1849, aged 81. Ellen
m. Elkanah Danforth, of Rupert. Lucy m. James
M". Robinson. Mr. Leach was one of the first
members of the Pawlet band and its leader. By
industry and economy, he acquired a handsome
property, and now lives retired from business, at
the .age of 81, respected by all his acquaintances.
Lbaoh, James, Jr., m. Olive Carver, who died in
18 . Next, ho m. Harriet Peck. He occupies
the Doctor Sargent homestead. He was in the
legislature of lo59-60. His children are Gideon
C. m. Lois B., daughter of Philo Harwood ; Lo-
phelia m. William u. Phelps, and Casper N"., who
married Prances, da. of Aaams L. Bromley, and
died 1866, aged 26.
Lbaoh, Ebbnbzbr, has accumulated one of the
largest properties in town, and is still active in ac-
quiring more. His wife died in 1864, aged 78.
His son, Henry W., is a medical graduate ; has
kept a drug store at the village several years, but
removed to Norwich, Conn., in 1860.
Lincoln, Lewis, from Cheshire, Mass., 1887;
settled at North Pawlet, in the carriage making
business. He was agent of the union store during
its existence, from 1851 to 1861. His family con-
sisted of two daughters, Lettie T. and Fidelia.
Lettie T. was a graduate of Troy Conference Aca-
demy, and married Alonzo Raynor, of Evansville,
Familt Skbtohbs. 211
Ind. Fidelia died of diptheria, in 1864, aged 2t
He removed to Indiana in 1865.
Lincoln, Luther P., from Cheshire, Mass., 1887;
m. Deborah, da. of Henry Wooster, Jr., and sue-
coodod to his homestead. He removed to Fort
Ann, N. T., some twenty years ago, and was in-
stantly killed by being throvm from a wagon,
about 1862.
LooMis, Oliver, from East Windsor, Conn., 1786 ;
m. Jude, da. of Gideon Adams, who died in 1814,
aged 60, leaving three children, Jerusha, Gideon
A. and Mary. He was a man of staunch political
principles of the Jeflfersonian school. He died in
1887, affed 78. Jerusha is the wife of J. Ward, of
Norwich, Conn.
LooMis, Gideon A., m. Amanda, da. of Elijah
Brown, and settled on the present homestead of
his only surviving son, Orla. His wife died in
1835, aged 42, leaving six children, Orla, Lucia,
Laura, Candace, Owen and Lester. Lucia married
Benoni Blossom, of Poultney; Laura m. Loammi
Lee, of Granville, N. T. ; Candace m. George D.
Martin ; Owen was in the army from Minnesota ;
was with Sherman in his march throuffh the south,
and died in South Carolina ; Lester died in 1854,
aged 20.
LooMis, Orla, m. Julia C, da. of David Eobin-
son, and succeeded to the homestead. Their only
son, George B., m. Hattie Snell.
LooMis, Nathaniel, from East Windsor, Conn.,
1810 ; settled .on the John Stark homestead. He
died in 1829, aged 49, leaving four children, Maria,
Miranda, Benjamin N. and Henry W. Maria m.
Josiah Goodspeed, and removed to Illinois ; Miranda
m. Orlin Hulett, who died near thirty years since;
Benjamin N. i^an attorney at Binghamton, K* Y*.,
212 Pawlbt.
and has been law partner of the Hon. Daniel S.
Diokinson ; Henry W . is in Saratoga.
LooMiSy Elijah M.y is a son of Abner Loomis,
who came from Connecticut in 1801. His mother
dying in his infancy, he was brought up by his
uncle, Roswell Loomis, whose widow, Mercy, still
lives, at the age of 86, and is the oldest person in
town. He m. Jane, da. of James Bassford, who
died in 1884, aged 27, leaving two, children, Ed-
mund and Mary. Edmund m7 Maria, da. of Hiram
Smith, of Rupert ; Mary m. George Clark. Next,
Mr. Loomis m. Nancy, da. of Thaddeus Smith, of
Rupert, who died in 1861, aged 64, leaving five
children.
LouNSBBRRY, Nathan M., from Connecticut, 1781 ;
settled near Oapt. Benoni Smith's. He was seven
years in the war of the revolution, serving under
Gen, Knox, and the most of the time was attached
to the immediate command of Gen. Washington.
He was a man of great physical strength and en-
*durance,and attained the age of one hundred years.
At that age, he held plow for a short time, at a
county fair at Rutland. He died in Clarendon.
LuMBARD, Capt. Abnbr, from Brimfield, Mass.,
1784;. m. Sarah, da. of Asa Andrus, and settled at
the village in the cloth dressing business. Modest
and unobtrusive in his deportment, honorable in
his dealings, he won the respect of all. He died
in 1861, aged 88 ; his wife in 1858, aged 80. They
raised a family of seven children : Chester, Sophia,
Fanny, Pamela, Julia, Hiram and Franklin. Hiram
m. Fanny, da. of Samuel Potter, and died 1851,
aged 41.
LuMBARD, Chester, m. Sina, da. of Daniel Clark,
and settled at the village in the manufacturing
business. He was a man of few ^ords, quiet and
Familt Bebtohbs. 218
retiring in his manners, and was held in high es-
teem. He died in 1856, affed 54.
Lyon, Jacob, from Danby, 1848 ; owns the Wil-
liam Boyce farm, but lives at the village. He m.
Anna lioomer. They raised a large family, of
whom Lydiam. Alonzo Smith ; Harriet, Albert A.
Boynton ; Emily, Wesley Rowe, of Wells ; aiid
Anna, Harvey Rowe, of Poultuey, and died re-
cently.
Mahbr, Jambs, from Ireland, about 1T88, settled
on the present homestead of Samuel Culver. He
died in 1824, aged 78; his wife in 1814, aged 68.
We knbw of but three children : William, Oatha-
rine and Margaret William was an ingenious me-
chanic, and was among the first in the country to
manufacture cut nails. Margaret married John
Ottarson, who died in 1829, aged 44. Their son,
B. Fitch Ottarson, was post master at Granville,
N. r., from 1861 to 1867.
Marks, Cornwbll, from Glastenbury, Conn.,
1785 ; m. Surah Goodrich, and settled on the road
near James M. Shaw's ; was a kind hearted and
exemplary man, and died in 1857, aged 88. His
wife was a skillful nurse, and devoted much of her
time to attendance on the sick ; she died in 1857,
aged 87. They raised a family of five children:
William, Elisha, Ira, Prudence and Electa. Wil-
liam m. Rosanna, da. of Ephraim Eobinson, and
settled at Nunda, N. Y. ; becoming attached to the
Mormons, he followed them in their wanderings to
Nauvoo, 111. He was acting mayor of the city,
when the Mormon prophet, Joseph Smith, was
arrested by the civil authorities of Illinois, and
/issued a writ of habeas corpus, through which
he was released from custody. The infuriated
mob took after ^Smith, followed him to Carthage,
'And killed him. Elisha married Ann, da. of
214 Pawlbt.
Eeuben Smith, and removed to Burke, K Y. ; Ira
m. Sarah Ann Goodrich, and settled at West I?aw-
let, where he kept a store, run a starch factory, and
also a stocking factory at the village. Prudence
m. John C. Prescott, between whom a separation
took place, leaving with her one son, Gustavus A.
She then married William Miles, and became at-
tached to the Mormons and followed them to Utah,
where she recently died. Electa married John
Smith, Buipke, N. Y.
Marsh, William, from Woodstock, 1816, settled
first in this town, whence he soon removed to Gran-
ville, N. Y., thence, about thirty years since, re-
turned to the village. Ho died m 1864, aged 91,
leaving np children ; his wife died in 1846, aged 68.
He was a pioneer in the anti-slavery cause, meeting
its opponents " in season and out of season," with
firmness and great ability. He wrote numerous
articles in its advocacy and showed his sincerity by
donating during his lifetime a lar^e property, over
twenty-five thousand dollars, to the furtherance of
the cause. He lived to* see his principles triumph
in the councils of the nation. He was also noted
for his liberality in private charity. He was an
uncle of Hon. George P. Marsh, who has been in
congress from this state, minister to Turkey and is
now minister to Italy.
Martin, Gborgb D., married Candace, daughter
of Gideon A. Loomis, and settled on the John Toby
place.
Mason, James N., married Alta, a daughter of
Joel Simonds, Jr., who died in 1864, aged 48, leav-
ing eight children. Next he married Almira Ban-
nister. He was from Pownall, 1839, and settled on
Hascall farm.
MoFaddbn, Stephen, from Waterford, N. Y., set-
tled on the Samuel Baldwin farm. While in Wa- r
Family Seetohbs. 215
terford he kept store several years. He married a
daughter of Jacob Braymer, of Hebron. His familv
of four sons, Michael, Henry, Jacob and Edward,
are all settled in the vicinity, and are intelligent,
thrifty farmers.
MomuauTON, Findlay, from Washington county,
N. Y., was one of the earliest settlers near the pre-
sent homestead of John Stearns. He married a
sister of Palmer Cleveland and died in early life, .
leaving a large family. His widow married David
Stearns and raised another family, making in the
whole fourteen, most of whom lived to aduft age.
MoWain, Elhanan, from Manchester, settled at
the blacksmith business. He married Lucy Tooley,
who died in 1851, leaving four children : Eliza, who
married Palmer Clapp, who died in prison at the
south ; Leroy D., ISTathaniel and Sylvanus ; all of
whom were in the service. Next he married Mahala
Shaw.
Mbaoham, Oapt. Asa, settled in this town in 1781,
and removed to Richland, K Y., in 1804. His
son, Col. Thomas Mcacham, made the large cheese
(1,800 pounds) presented to President Jackson in
1830.
Meacham, Capt. Abraham, settled here in 1787,
raised a large family and removed to the west. %
Mbios, Rev. Benjamin C, step-son of Rev. John
Griswold, received his theological education with
him and was one of the first missionaries of the
American Board to Ceylon, about 1820. After
laboring there forty years he returned to this coun-
try and died in New York city a few years since.
Meiqs, Charles, brother of Benjamin C, came
when a lad to this town, and was bred to the pro-
fession of law. He removed to the north part of
the state, thence to Michigan.
Mbnona, Paul, the Indian preacher, spoken of in
216 Pawlbt.
Goodhue's History of Shoreham^ aojourned a few
years in this town, near the lower covered bridge,
on Pawlet river. His wife was the daughter of the
renowned Indian preacher, Sampson Occum, who
bequeathed to him his extensive and valuable
library. This library was carelessly packed in boxes
and when it reached its destination was nearly
spoiled. He is represented bs having been, in his
prime, an interesting and effective speaker; we re-
member him only m his old age. He removed
hence to Lake George.
MoFPiTT, JuDAH, married Nancy Hancock, niece
of Governor John Hancock, and settled in a se-
cluded nook on the mountain near Rupert. He
was from Brimfield, Mass. He was with the de-
tachment of soldiers under Ethan Allen, who sur-
prised Ticonderoga in 1775. He was in the battle
of Saratoga in 1777, and at the sieffe of Yorktown
in 1781. He was long a respected citizen in his
secluded home. He died in 1862, aged 92 ; his
wife died in 1848, aged 83. Of his children we
know only Hiram and Nancy, who have lately re-
moved to Wells.
MoNROB, Capt. JosiAH, from Canterbury, Coim.,
1784, married Susan, a daughter of Asa Andrus,
aiyl settled on the present homestead of his son,
Asa A. Monroe, He was held in great respect and
esteem. He died in 1846, aged 84 ; his wife died
the same year, aged 79. He raised a family of four
sons : Jesse, who removed to Michigan ; w illiam,
Asa A. and Ohauncey, who married Emeline Brown,
and died in 1828, aged 28.
MoNROB, William, m. Alta, da. of Joseph Olark,
who died in 1837, aged 85, and succeeded to his
homestead. Next he married the widow of David
Curtis. His only son, Joseph C, settled near his
father.
Family Skbtohbs. 217
^ MoNROB, Asa A., m. Axa, da. of Elkanah Phil-
lips, and succeeded to his father's homestead. He
was in the legislature in 1856 and '57.
MoNROB, «JBSSB, ffom Canterbury, Oonn.j a bro-
ther of Josiah, settled on the present homestead of
Edward S. SouUard. He removed to Poultnev
several years since where he died in 1858, aged 87*.
His family, whom we know, are Calif Monroe, who*
married a daughter of John C. Hopson, of Wells.
He was in the legislature from Wells two years, and
now lives in Poultney. Giles Monroe is a Method-
ist preacher; Nathan Monroe lives in Poultney;
Lucmda married Welcome Wood, who died in*
Poultney in 1864, aged about 60.
MoNROB, Dr. Rbnssblabr G., from Granville,
N". Y., 1858, m. Lucy, da. of James Whedon, and
settled in his profession at West Pawlet. He re-
moved to Rutland in 1866.
MoNTAGUB, Adonijah, from Massachusetts at an>
early day, married a sister of Joel Simonds, Sen.
He was a man of singular piety and discreetness..
Suffering for many years from chronic ailments and
slender means, he was aided by the Congregational
church, of which he was a prominent member. He-
removed to Oswego county, N. T.
MooRB, Henrt J., from England, settled severali
years a^ at the village in the blacksmithing busi-
ness. He removed to East Rupert in 1867.
Norton, Tubron, from Granville, N. Y., about
1820, settled in the mercantile business at West
Pawlet. He accumulated a large property. He-
employed as clerks, successively. Col. Williami
Woodward, Henry Bulkley and Arch Bishop. The^
latter has been widely known as secretary of the
Washington County (N. T.) Insurance Company,
an institution which did an immense business. Mr*.
19 .
218 Pawlbt.
JSTorton removed to Chicago, 111., about 1834, where
he soon afler died, aged about 40.
Nyb, Timothy, from Falmouth, Mass., about
1783, married a daughter of Joeiah Qoodspeed, of
Wells, and settled on the place now in possession
of James Alexander. He was of quiet and domes-
tic habits and mingled but little with the busy
world. He died in 1847, aged 85 ; his widow in
1867, aged 84. Their two children, Nathaniel and
Louisa, widow of David Qoodall, own the home-
8t6fl.d
: Olds, Eev. Abbl W., from Bradford, Pa., 1866,
palled to the pastorate of the Church of the Disci-
ples at West Pawlet has, during the past year called
together the scattered elements of his charge and
obtained a large increase in the membership of his
church. He was in the 76th regiment Pennsylvania
volunteers for three years.
Orcutt, Hugh, from Cambridge, N. T., married
l^hilinda, widow of Martin Blakeley, and settled on
the east road, near Wells. His wife died in 1860,
aged 40. Next he married Mrs. Herrick.
Orr, Maj. George S., m. Henrietta da. of Ervin
Pratt. He was one of the first to respond to the
first call of the president of the U. S. for volunteere
in 1861. He entere4 as private in the first Ver-
mont regiment and was at the battle of Great
Bethel, Va., where the gallant Winthrop was slain.
Soon after his discharge he again enlisted as pri-
vate in the 77th N. Y. regiment, and rose step by
step to the position of major. This regiment was
in the 3d brigade, 2nd division, of the 6th army
coi*ps of the army of the Potomac. It was in the
disastrous campaign of Gen. McClellan and was
first engaged with the enemy at Yorktown from
April 6th to May 4, 1862, and then in succession
at Williamsburg, May 5 ; at Chickahominy from
Family Sebtohss. 219
May 20 to 26; at Hanover 0. H. May 27; Fair
Oaks, June 1 ; Golden's Farm, June 20 ; Savage
Station, t/une 27 ; White Oak Swamp, June 28 ;
Charles City cross roads, June 80 ; Malvern Hill,
July 1. After the discomfiture and retreat of
McOlellan, the brigade was under the command of
Gen. Pope, and were engaged with the enemy at
the second Bull Run. Next the command devolved
on Gen. Burnside and the regiment was at Frede-
ricksburg, Dec. 18.' Gen. Hooker taking the com-
mand it was again at Fredericksburg, May 3, 1863,
and at FrankUn's Crossing, June 6. It was again
under fire, under Gen. Mead at Gettysburg, J?a.,
July 2 and 8; at Fairfield, July 5; liappaha- '
nock Station, Nov. 7 ; and at Mine Run, Nov.
24. At the opening of the campaign in 1864,
under Gen. Grant, it was in the terrible battles of
the Wilderness, May 6 and 6; at Spottsylva-
nia. May 8 and 10 and 12 ; at Anderson's House,
May 20 ; at Oold Harbor, June 1 to 13 ; at Peters-
burg, June 16 to July 10 ; at Fort Stevens, July
12; at Winchester, Sept. 15; at Fisher's Hill, Sept.
22 ; and at Cedar Creek, Oct. 19. Here Major Orr
being on the staff of General Bidwell had his left
arm shattered by the explosion of a shell which
instantly killed Gen. Bidwell. This was the first
wound he had received in all the battles we have
here enumerated. This ended his campaigns.
The brigade continued in the field and was m most
of the hard fought battles around Richmond until
it was taken April 3, 1865. We have been more
particular in giving in brief detail the military
career of Maj. Orr, inasmuch as he was in the same
division with the " Old Vermont brigade " composed
of the 2d, 8d, 4th, Sth, 6th, and part of the time
the 11th regiments of Vermont volunteers. Hence
his record is tlieir record 1 This brigade in which
220 Pawlbt.
there were forty- three representatives from this
town, though the army with which it was connected
met with many and terrible reverses, never dodged
the post of danger, and never flinched in the mce
of the enemy, only retreating when ordered by the
commanding general. Their banners never trailed
in the dust, nor were captured by the enemy.
They were the balance-wheel of the army of the
Potomac, and nobly they fulfilled their mission.
Orr, Capt. MosBS E., enlisted with his brother
George S. in the 1st Vermont, and next in the 96th
N, Y. He served longer in the war than any other
man from this town, and though engaged in but
•comparatively few battles was ever prompt to fill
the position assigned him. He was never wounded
in the service. At the conclusion of his term he
^as toQched in a tender spot, which was soon
healed by his marrying Lena Smith of N. J.
Orvis, Elihu, from Granville, m. Sina, a daugh-
i;er of Joseph P. Upham, succeeded TKeron Norton
•of West Pawlet, thence removed to Troy, N. Y.,
where he died. His oldest son, Joseph U. Orvis,
has become noted in mercantile and financial cir-
cles in New York city, and is now president of the
Ninth National Bank.
Parris, Harvby, from Danby, married a daugh-
ter of Edward Herri ck, who died, leaving two
children, Levi and Orla.
Pearl, Col. Stephen, was an early settler in the
south part of the town, where he kept a store and
tavern. He was a prominent man among the early
settlers. He was in command to suppress the ^^ Re-
bellion " at Rutland in 1786. The court there had
been overawed by the mob and prevented from sit-
ting for several days. It made a requisition on the
several towns in the county to send an armed force
the following day at nine o'clock in the morning.
Family SKdTOHBd. 2^t
To thiB requisition Pawlet, though farthest off, was
the first to respond, her quota of troops being first
at the rendezvous. In 1794 Col. Pearl removed to*
Burlington and was among the foremost in building
up that city. Pearl street is named for him. He
died in 1816, aged 69. .
. PENFitiLD, John, bom in Fairfield, Conn., mar-
ried Patience Penfield, of Verffennes, and came to*
this town in 1803, from Pittsford, and settled on
the present homestead of Joel H. Sheldon. Thev
raised twelve children, all of whom lived to adult
age : Horace, Eunice, Alma, Barah, Daniel, Amb-
retta, Mary Ann, Laura, Maria, Harriet D., Fanny
A. and Betsey ^. Horace m. Caroline Chandler,,
and died in Whitehall in 1864 aged 61; Amorettan
m. John T. Barden, who died in Chautauque Co.,
N. Y. ; Maiy Ann m. McLauff hlin, of Rutland ;
Betsey 8. died in 1862. He was deacon of the Con-
fregational church several years until 1840, when
e removed to Whitehall, N\ Y., where he died in
1848, aged 74; his wife died in 1846, aged 64.
Pepper, Simeon, from New Braintree, Mass.,
1783, m. Esther, da. of Joseph Jones, and settled
on the present premises of H. W. King. He served
through most of the war and was at the battle of
White Plains. He raised a family of six children :
Simeon, Asahel, John, Chauncy P., Philene and
Narcissa. He died in 1822, aged 68 ; his wife in
1821, aged 64.
Pepper, Simeon, Jr., m. Lucy Leonard, who died
in 1812, aged 22, next he m. Helotia Btooks, and
raised nine children : Danforth, Seth B., Simeon,
Ashbel H., Willard, Louisa, Lovina, Mary and
Philena. These children, with their wives and hus-
bands, were all present at the funeral of their mo-
ther in 1865. lie died in 1851, aged 64.
Pepper, John, m. Anna Roach, and settled near
Pawlbt.
hiB father*B. They raised three children : James,
who married Caroline Preston and removed to Ohio;
Esther m. Harry Goodspoed and died in 1862, aged
48; Annam. Clark Bent, of Poultney.- Mr. Pep-
per died in 1830. His' widow m. Elijah Billings,
who died in 1863, aged 68.
Pepper, Chaunoy P., m. Seba Derby and settled
at West Pawlet at brick-making. They raised
seven children: Hamilton, Warren D., Hiram, Me-
lissa, Flotilla, Julia A. and Lefa. Hamilton m.
Amelia Andrus; Warren D. m. Katie Warner;
Hiram m. Orcelia Williams and died 1864, aged 84 ;
Melissa m. Allen Mills, of Pittsford ; Flotilla m.
Albert A. Ransom, of Castleton,^ and Julia A. m.
Benjamin Eeed, of Hebron, N.'Y. Mrs. Pepper
died in 1868, aged 62.
Perkins, Jacob, from Canterbury, Conn., 1779 ;
was the first settler on the west road, on premises
now owned by George Barker. He married Mary
Fitch and raised a large family, all of whom, with
most of their descendants, have left town. He
died in 1801, aged 56, and was the first person in-
terred in the West Pawlet cemetery ; his widow in
1886, aged 89.
Pbukins, Rupus, son of Jacob, m. Olive Wilcox,
who died in 1819, aged 36, leaving four children,
Lydia, Mary, Walter and Electa. These children
all died of consumption; Lydia in 1821, aged 21;
Mary in 1826, aged 23 ; Walter in 1827, a^ed 19,
and Electa, who married James Cox, of Wells, in
1846, aged 29. Mr. Perkins was a devoted mem-
ber of the Baptist church, to which he bequeathed
two hundred dollars; he also ^ave three hundred
dollars to the Hamilton Theological Seminary, '<the
interest to be applied for the education of some
colored brother." He died in 1867, aged 80 ; his
wife, Salinda Smith, in 1857, aged 67.
Family Sebtohbs. 228
Perkins, "William F., from Canterbury, Conn.,
1779 ; settled near West Pawlet. He was an ex-
pert mechanic and performed most of the nice
work on the old Congregational church. He raised
a family of ten children, all of whom are supposed
to be living, most of them at Otto, N. Y., where
he and his wife died some twenty years since.
^ Phelps, Mbrritt C, from Eupert, 1865 ; mar-
ried Ann, da. of Henry Braymer, of Hebron, N.Y.,
and settled in 1865, on the Stephen Dillingham
place.
Phillips, Elkanah, from Massachusetts, 1820;
settled on the Samuel Porter place, in the south-
east corner of the town. He died in 1861, aged
77 ; his widow survives at the age of 85. His son,
Samuel, succeeded to the homestead, and married
Mary, daughter of Josiah Monroe.
Pitkin, Oapt. Sylvester, from Marshfield, 1815 ;
m. Hannah Kandall, who died in 1844, aged «49.
Next, he m. Mary Ann Clark. He was among the
f)ioneers of the temperance reform, and almost the
ast survivor of the early members of the Method-
ist church. He died in 1865, aged 75.
Plumb, Rev. Elijah W., CD., from Halifax ; mar-
ried Sarah Woodman, of West Brattleboro, and
succeeded Rev. John Griswold and Rev. Fayette
Shepherd in the pastorate of the Congregational
church. May 18, 1831. He continued pastor until
1843. Dunng his pastorate, and greatly by his
exertions, the present beautiful church edifice was
erected, which, at; the time, was scarcely equalled
in the state. . He graduated at Middlebury in 1824.
His intellectual resources were, immense and pro-
found, and, for deep and comprehensive thought,
he had few superioi*s.. His wife dying in 1846,
aged 48, he married AltaQriswold, widow of Harry
Griswold. He removed to Potsdam, N.Y., in 1843,
224 Pawut.
where, besides services in the ministry, he had
charge of an academy.
FoMROT, John, settled first on the present home-
stead of Samuel Cole. He was noted as among
the first to give attention to improvement of sheep.
Several of his descendants remain in the town and
county. He died in 1804, aged 64.
PoBTBB, Dea. MosBS (by Hon. John K Porter).
He was a native of Connecticut, son of Experience
Porter, and a descendant of Thomas Porter, of
Parmington, Conn. He came to Vermont in 1780,
where many of his near relatives resided, amon^
whom were Col. Seth Warner, of Bennington, and
Nathaniel Chipman, afterwards chief justice of the
state. In 1765 he married Sarah, the daughter of
Phineas and Thankful Eillam, and widow of Bev.
Paul Park, of Preston, Conn. She was a lineal de-
scendant of Capt. Miles Standish and was a woman
of much culture and intelligence. She retained to
an unusually advanced penod the remains of her
early attractions, and lived to the extreme age of
one hundred and one vears, with her mind still
clear and her eyes scarcely dimmed. At the time of
her death, in 1843, she had more than one hundred
living descendants. Dea. Porter entered the revo-
lutionary service as one of Putnam's (Conn.) volun-
teers and took an honorable part in several of the
leading engagements of the war. He exhibited
conspicuous gallantry at the battle of Semis's
Heights, Oct. 7, 1777, where he won his commis-
sion as major by his active and efficient part in the
charge led by Gen. Arnold, which drove the British
forces to their intrenchments. He was compelled
by failing health to retire from the service, and he
afterwards laid aside his military title as inappro-
priate to a civilian who had religious scruples as to
the lawfulness of any but defensive war. He was a
Family Sebtohbs. 225
man of resolute purpose, of sterling worth and strong
practical sense. He died in 1808, aged 64. His
oldest son, Dr. Elijah Porter, was a learned and
eminent physician of Saratoga county, residing at
Wftterford. He died in 1841.
His surviving son, John K. Porter, is now one of
the judges of the court of appeals^ residing at Albany.
Dr. Moses R. Porter, of Ohio, and Hervey Porter,
of Oswego, two of the sons of Deacon Porter, died
many years since, each leaving a large number of
descendants. One of his daughters was the wife of
Timothy Hatch and the mottier of Moses Porter
Hatch, who was formerly a member of the N. T.
state senate. Another daughter, Sally, was the
wife of Ephraim Pitch.
Porter, Dea. Joseph, youngest son of Moses
Porter, m. Sarah, da. of Dea. Benajah Bushnell,
and succeeded to his father's estate, and to the office
of deacon of the Congregational church, made va-
cant by his death. He was a man of uncommon
excellence of character and his influence always
beneficially exerted. He died in 1840, aged 65.
He raised a family of six children : Dorothy^ Sophia,
Caroline, Sarah, Benjamin and Moses. Dorothy
m. Hon. Dorastus Wooster, of Middlebury ; Sophia
m. Sampson, of Cornwall, and died in 1832;
Sarah m. Jacob Chapin, of Manchester; Moses is a
physician at the west and m. Helen, da. of Phineas
Strong, who died recently. Hi& widow removed
west and died some years ago.
Potter, Capt. William, from New London, Ct.,
settled on the late homestead of his son Joshua
Potter at a very early day. He raised a large family
of children. Two of his sons Samuel and Joshua,
settled in this town,, the others mostly in Wells.
He had been a captain of a vessel trading to the
West Indies. His mother's house m New London,
228 Pawlbt.
Conn.y v/as burnt by the infamous Arnold during
his raid on that city.
Potter, Dr. Samuel, practiced medicine in this
town and Wells several years. His intuitive per-
ception, judgment and skill were remarkable. He
died in 18 . He raised a family of eight children,
Samuel, Fayette, Collins, Charles W., George,
Edwin, Phebe and Helen L. Samuel is a physician at
BuflGalo; Fayette, an attorney; Collins, a noted mill-
wright; Charles W. has been a druggist and post-
master at the village, and is ii ow about to take charge
of the Lake House in Wells. George is a physi-
cian near Buffalo ; Edwin an attorney in Michigan.
Phebe married Rev. Mr. Sprague and is dead.
Helen L. married Abbot Eobinson.
Potter, Joshua, succeeded the homestead of his
father, and raised six children: George, James,
Joshua, Jane, Amanda and Betsey. George m.
Sylvia Oatman and lives in wells. tfoshua
occupies the homestead. Mr. Potter was a man of
uncommon shrewdness and intelligence and retained
his faculties remarkably to the time of his death
in 1863, aged 81. His widow died the same year. He
was in the legislature in 1837 and held many re-
sponsible town offices.
Pratt, Capt. Jambs, a native of Ware, Mass.,
from Halifax to this town in 1792, settled on the
mountain, on the premises now owned by his son
Ervin Pratt. His wife's name was Lucy Giles.
He was an officer in the revolution and a fine speci-
men of the hardy, thrifty and intelligent farmers
who laid the foundations of society m this town.
His home was ever the seat of hospitalitv and good
cheer. His conversational and story-telhng powers
were unrivaled. He died in 1864, aged 92, the last
survivor of the revolution in town. His wife died
in 1834, aged 68. He raised nine children, Elisha,
Family Sebtohbs. 225
man of reBolute purpose, of sterlinff worth and strong
practical sense. He died in 1808, a^ed 64. His
oldest son, Dr. Elijah Porter, was a learned and
eminent physician of Saratoga county, residing at
Wftterford. He died in 1841.
His surviving son, John K. Porter, is now one of
the judges of the court of appeals^ residing at Albany.
Dr. Moses R. Porter, of Ohio, and Hervey Porter,
of Oswego, two of the sons of Deacon Porter, died
many years since, each leaving a large number of
descendants. One of his daughters was the wife of
Timothy Hatch and the mottier of Moses Porter
Hatch, who was formerly a member of the N. T.
state senate. Another daughter, Sally, was the
wife of Ephraim Fitch.
Porter, Dea. Joseph, youngest son of Moses
Porter, m. Sarah, da. of Dea. Benajah Bushnell,
and succeeded to his father's estate, and to the office
of deacon of the Congregational church, made va-
cant by his death. He was a man of uncommon
excellence of character and his influence always
beneficially exerted. He died in 1840, aged 65.
He raised a family of six children: Dorothy^ Sophia,
Caroline, Sarah, Benjamin and Moses. Dorothy
m. Hon. Dorastus Wooster, of Middlebury ; Sophia
m. Sampson, of Cornwall, and died in 1832;
Sarah m. Jacob Chapin, of Manchester; Moses is a
physician at the west and m. Helen, da. of Phineas
Strong, who died recently. Hi& widow removed
west and died some years ago.
Potter, Capt. William, from New London, Ct.,
settled on the late homestead of his son Joshua
Potter at a very early day. He raised a laree family
of children. Two of his sons Samuel and Joshua,
settled in this town,, the others mostly in Wells.
He had been a captain of a vessel trading to the
West Indies. His mother's house in New London,
228 Pawlbt,
has been post master and is now the oldest mer-
chant in town.
Prbsoott, Qustavus a., m. Nancy, da. of Alpheus
Wade, and settled at Sandy Hill, JS . Y. He is the
inventor and patentee of several useful inventions
connected with the business of machinist and edge
tool manufacturjB. He is a noted vegetarian and
horticulturist. We believe in his horticulture, but
we are afraid by the time he gets thoroughly
schooled in his vegetarian habits there will be no-
thing left of him.
Purple, Gborgb H., m. Sophia, da. of Rev. John
Griswold, and kept store at the village in connec-
tion with Beed Edgerton, closing in 1830. He was
post master three ^ears. He removed to Ohio in
1881, where his wife died in 1861, aged 67.
Randall, Jonathan, a native of Concord, N. H.,
came to this town in 1817, when 15 years of age,
and married Anna, daughter of Jonathan Blakeley.
He has held the office of justice twenty-seven years.
Rbbd, Simeon, from Dutchess county, N.Y., 1776,
m. Abial Rice and settled in the northeast part of the
town. He was serving as minute man at Ticonde-
roga in 1777, at the time of the invasion of Burgoyne.
Upon the dispersion of the militia at Hubbardton,
he hurried home and started with his family for
his old home on the Hudson. Afterwards he served
several turns in the arm^ and when the war closed
in the north returned with his family to his farm.
He raised twelve children : Simeon, James, Colby,
Enoch, Eliakim, Stephen, Silas, Ezra, Ruth, Abigail,
Esther and Abial. Ruth m. Jasper Armstrong;
Abigail m. Chauncy Baker; Esther m. Heman Shel-
don, and Abial m. Mr. Hull. Mr. Reed was greatly
beloved and confided in by his fellow citizens and
his memory is fondly cherished. He died in 1840,
aged 84.
Fahilt Sebtohbs. 229
Bbbd, Enoch, m. Abial, da. of Joshua Cobb,
and moved to Wisconsin, where he died in 1860,
aged 78. Two sons remain in town, Simeon, who
married Alta, da. of Jacob Edgerton, and Curtis,
who married Almira, da. of Dan Blakeley, and is
settled on the Daniel Branch farm.
Ebbd, Elueim, m. Laura Ooleman, of Tinmouth,
and settled in Moriah, N. Y., where he now lives,
at the age of 84.
Bbed, Stbphbn, m. Phebe Hill, of Danby, and set-
tled near his father. He was a worthy and liberal
citizen. By his will, he bequeathed an annuity of
jGifty doUara to the Congregational society, to be
continued while preaching shall be sustained. His
wife died in 1854, aged 65, when he married Sophia
Smith ; he died in 1862, aged 75.
Bbbd, Silas, m. Mary, da. of deacon Joel Shel-
don, of Bupert, settled near his father, and raised
a family of eleven children : Allen H., Ira S.,. El-
liott, Charles A., Louise, Harriet, Fanny,* Julia
Ann, Mary Ann, Sarah and Delia L. Ira S. and
Allen H. are merchants in Troy, N. Y. ; Elliott m..
Betsey, da. of Silas Gregory ^second wife), and is a
merchant in Chicago ; Charles A. is in Illinois ;
Julia Ann m. Horr, teacher in Boston, Mass.;:
Sarah m. RoUin J. Harwood ; Delia L. m. Augus-
tus Edgerton.
Bbed,Ezra, m. Sophia, da. of Joel Swallow and^
died in 1826, aged 80. His widow m. Capt. John
Harwood, and lives at the village.
Bbbd, Jbdbdiah, from New Lebanon, Conn., 1770 ;
settled on a farm now owned bv Daniel H. Brom-
ley which still bears his name. He was a prominent
actor in the stirring scenes of the revolution, and
was frequently intrusted with important business,
by the Council of Safety. He removed to Orwell^
20
280 Pawlbt.
in 1820 ; he raised four children : Jedediahy^Lyman,
Elijah and a daughter who married Elias Kingsley.
Elijah waa a physician and removed to Williston.
Rbed, PhiuP) from New Lebanon, Conn., 1770;
married a daughter of Col. William Fitch, and
settled on the place now owned by Austin S. Whit-
comb. He removed to Richmond, N* Y., 1798,
and died in 1828, a^ed about 80.
Bbbd, Isaac, settled in the southeast corner of
the town, near Dorset mountain. He was a soldier
of the revolution. He died about 1850,' aged 83.
His son, Solomon, succeeded to his place, and has
become famous for his encounters with bears,
which appear to have lingered longer in that
vicinity than elsewhere.
' Kbynolds, Rev. Wordbk P., from Manchester,
1831; settled at the West Pawlet parsonage. He
was a fluent and impressive speaker, and was in-
strumental in organizing and building upa large
church of the Disciples. He now lives in Worces-
ter, Mass.
RiOB, Jambs, from Granville, N. Y., 1840, mar-
ried Catharine Gushman, who died in 1844 ; next
he married Lois, daughter of Bulkley Uutchius.
He served as deputy sherltt* eighteen years and was
county commissioner two years. Since 1861 he has
been post master and kept store at the village. His
children's names are: Daniel, Caroline, Gatnarine,
Ann and Warren, who married Marcia Smith.
Robinson, Capt. Nathanibl, from Attleboro,
Mass., 1812 ; was an officer of the revolution and
held commissions, which are now in possession of
his granddaughter, Mrs. Amos W. Bromley, of
lieutenant and captain, which were signed respect-
ively by John Hancock and Samuel Adams. The
chief interest that attaches to these papers is, the
autographs of these distinguished champions of
Family Skbto^bs. 281
American independence. Without much effort of
the imagination, we can reach back through the
intervening ages, and grasp these venerable states-
men by the hand. Capt. Robinson was a man ot
great humor and wit, and was highly esteemed.
He, in connection with his sons, was the first to
establish the spinning of cotton by machinery in
the county. Four sons and several daughters came
with him : Jonathan, Nathaniel, William, David,
Mary and Hannah. He died in 1841, aged 89 ;
his widow in 1845, aged 90 ; Hannah in 1863, a^ed
76; Mary in 1841, aged 63; William in 1863,
aged 76.
Robinson, Jonathan, m. Laura Sykes, and set-
tled near the village. He was a great reader and
of uncommon intelligence, and stood high in
the masonic fraternity. He died in 1862, aged
86; his widow survives at the age of 82. His
family are Laura, who married Amos W. Bromley
and Frank.
Robinson, Nathaniel, Jr., was a man of great
mechanical skill, and was machinist for the cotton
j factory, over 30 years, constructing nearly all its
• complicated machinery with his own hands. He
married Betsey Brown, who died in 1816, aged 28,
leaving two cnildren, William B. and Ezra H., of
Janesville, Wis. Next, he married Lydia Belden,
who left three children: Betsey, Sally and Louisa.
Next, he married Rachel Haskins ; her children
are, James N., Fayette S., George and Francis.
Mr. Robinson died m 1864, aged 81.
Robinson, William B., m. Sally Woodward, and
raised a family of children. Clarissa m. Thomas
O. Mosher, who died in 1862, aged 30 ; Charles,
and Chauncey H.
Robinson, Jambs N., m. Marietta, da. of Robert
282 Pawlbt.
4-
Clark,. who died in 1860, aged 81. Next m. Lucy,
da. of Lovell Leach.
Robinson, David, m. Mary French, and settled
at the village. They rai^d a family of eleven
children : George B. died in 1840, affed 36 ; David
W. m. Maria Olapp; Denzill F. m. Rhoda Bigelow,
Chrystal Lake, 111..; Thomas 0. m. Sophronia Bar-
aaard; Mary Ann; Nathaniel H., Chrystal Lake;
Benjamin m. Desdia Howe, Chrystal Lake ; Jnlia
C m. Orla Loomis; Abhot m. ELelen L., da. of Dr.
Samuel Potter ; Eliza Jane m. Marshal Brown, and
Henry M. m. Luthera Davis. Mr. Robinson died
in 1828, aged 47 ; his wife in 1828, aged 43.
Robinson, Capt. Ephraim, from Windham, Conn.,
1786, settled on the present homestead of Henry R.
Hosford. He was amon^ our most valuable and
•enterprising citizens. 11 is wife died in 1820, aged
•62, leaving five children : Ephraim, Samuel, George,
Hosanna and Sophia. Ephraim, Jr., married Anna
Fitch, who died in 1826, aged 22 ; next Mrs. Hos-
ford, who died in 1862, aged 60. Capt. Robinson
next married Jemima, widow of Seely Brown and
daughter of Capt. Benoni Smith. He died in 1848,
aged 88 ; his wife in 1884, aged 66. Ephraim, Jr.,
succeeded to the homestead and died in 1847, aged
47. He was in turn succeeded by his step-son,
Henry R. Hosford, who married Melvina Smith.
Robinson, Richard, brother of Ephraim, settled
on the height of land west of his brother's and
raised a lar^e family. We remember as his sons :
Ezra, Willis, Erastus and Otis, who was an anti-
masonic politician in 1830. Mr. Robinson died in
1838, aged 76; his wife in 1832.
Robinson, Abel, another brother, settled in the
same neighborhood. One of his daughters, Rhoda,
married Maj. Salmon Weeks, and another married
FamhiT Sebtohes.
Arunah Hanks, Jr., and is the only one of the*
family remaining in town.
RoLUN, Edbnbzbr, settled opposite Dea. Samael
Cole's about 1800, in the tannmg business, where*
he raised a large family. He was a leading mem^-
ber of Elder Beale's church and chorister in the
time of fugue tunes. He removed to Johnsburg^
N. Y., about 1820, and when last heard from was-
near one hundred years old.
BosB, Major Boqbr, settled before 1770, on the-
present homestead of Daniel Hulett 2d. He wa»
one of the delegates from this town to the conven-
tion that sat in Jiorset in 1776, which adjourned ta
Westminster in January, 1777, and declared the*
present territory of Vermont a free and independ-
ent state, under the name of New Connecticut, alias-
Vermont. He died about 1800, aged 75.
Rush, Gborob, from Schoharie, K T., 1775, set-^
tied in the east part of the town near Danby. He-
died in 1820, aged one hundred and ten years, hav-
ing attained a greater age than any other person
who ever lived in town. He had two sons : Jacob-
and Aboltus. Jacob settled in Rush Hollow, but
soon left town. Aboltus left one daughter, who
married Obadiah Kelly, of Wallingford. Their old-
est daughter married Samuel Thompson, who owns
the Joseph Armstrong farm. Their son, Holden
Kelly, owns the Joshua Hulett farm. There are in
town six of the fifth generation from George Rush.
Safford, Dr. Jonathan, from Bennington, 1793,
succeeded Dr. Eliel Todd, on the place now in pos-
session of Joseph B. SaflFord. He was a successful
and popular practitioner until his death in 1821,
aged 66 ; Dr. Safford raised a large family : Ho-
race, Jonathan W., Edwin B., Annis, Eliza, Delia
and Caroline. Horace m. Rebecca, da. of Dr.
Ithamar Tilden and died recently in Ohio; Jona-
284 Pawlbt. •
than W. tn. Jane, da. of Joshua Potter, and died
in 1864, aged 60 ; Edwin B. is a merchant in West
Rupert, married a daughter of Edward Baldridge,
who died in 1862 ; Annis m. Hon. Elisha Allen ;
Eliza m. Zerah Wright, now of Wisconsin ; Delia
m. Col. Lee T. Rowley.
Sargent, Dr. John, from Mansfield, Conn., 1761,
was the descendant in the sixth generation from an
English family who emigrated to this country in
1688. He first moved to Norwich with his father's
family, where he married Delight Bell, of Welsh
origin. He entered the revolutionary service at the
age of 18, was severely wounded and taken prisoner
to Quebec. In the spring he was paroled, when he
returned to Norwich and studied medicine under
Dr. Lewis. In 1780 he removed to Dorset where
he commenced a successful practice, often going
his rounds on foot. He was distinguished in the
practice of both medicine and surgery and his repu-
tation extended to a wide circuit. He removed to
this town in 1798, as the successor of Dr. Lemuel
Chipman, and was the first president of the Rutland
County Medical Society. He built the elegant
mansion, now the homestead of James Leach, where
evidences of his taste still exist. He was the first
captain of the light artillery, organized in 1802, and
was promoted to the rank of colonel. He was in the
legislature in 1803 and of the Washingtonian school
ofpolitics. He died in 1843, a^ed 82 ; his wife in
183 , aged 74. He raised a family of ten children :
Ralph, John, Leonard, Daniel, Royal, Epenetus A.,
Warren B., Martha, Nancy and Delight.
Sarqbnt, Dr. John, Jr., m. Miranda Morrison.
He graduated at Middleburv in 1811. He prac-
'ticed medicine in this and adjoining towns several
years, but was more at home in the school-room.
Familt Sebtohbs. 285
He removed to Fort Ann, and was county superin-
tendent of schools. He died at Rochester, JS. T.
Sargent, Hon. Leonard, commenced the prac-
tice of law in this town, but removed to Manchester
soon after. He has held the of&ce of lieut. governor
two years, judge of probate seven years, states* atr
torney three years, state senator two years, council
of censors one year, constitutional convention two
{rears, and town representative four years. He still
ives in a green old age, having attained the age of 75.
Sargent, Dr. Warren B., m. Betsey, da. of Capt.
Joshua D. Oobb, settled at the village where he has
been in the practice of medicine forty years.
Sargent, I>BLiGnT, went as a missionary teacher to
the Cherokees in 1826. After several years* service
she married Bev. Elias Boudinot, an educated na-
tive Cherokee. When the Cherokees were partly
coaxed and partly driven out of Georgia, Mr. Bou-
dinot, who was one of their chiefs, favored their
emigration. For this offense he was led into an am-
bush and foully murdered by men of his own tribe
who were opposed to emieration. Mrs. Boudinot
returned to this state after the death of her husband,
where she has since resided.
Sargent, Silas, came into town in 1810. In
1814 his wife died leaving two sons: Silas and
Lemuel. Silas removed to California. Next he
married the widow Cushman and raised two daugh-
ters: Mercy and Ohloe. Mercy married Zadoc
Frisbee and died in 1834, aged 24. Mr. Frisbee then
m. her sister Chloe and died in 1845, aged 88; his
widow died in 1848, aged 86. Mr. Sargent was an
industrious and useful citizen. He died in 1838,
aged 51.
SnBLDON, Capt. Seth, from Suffield, Conn., 1782,
married Mary Henchitt and settled on the present
homestead of Dyer Hulett. He was a prominent
286 Pawlbt. i
citizen and raised a large family, none of whom
remain in town. He died in 1810, aged 72 ; his
widow in 1820, aged 78,
Shbldon, Capt Sbth, Jr., m. Philene, da. of
Simeon Edgerton, and succeeded to the homestead.
He was an active business man. He removed to
Chautauque county, N. T., about 1831, and died re-
cently. He raised a family of nine children: Tiche->
nor, who married Lucinda Brown ; Nancy, Philone, *
Alta, who married Levi Ingalsbee ; Franklin, Da-
vid, Julia, Esther and Sarah. His wife died in
1862, aged 72.
Shbldon, Joel, Jr., m. Sally, da. of Capt. Simeon
Edgerton. He settled in the south part of the
town, but removed to Chautauque, Go.yN. Y., some
thirty years since. He raised a family of twelve
children: Sally, Harvey, Hiram, Ira, Cornelia,
Newton, David, Ezra R, Henry, Chauncy, Daniel
and Mary. Dr. Hiram Sheldon removed to Ohio
and is dead. Mr. Sheldon died in 1863, aged 81 ;
his wife in 1861, aged 74.
Sheldon, Joel H., son of David P. Sheldon, of
Rupert, married Marcia, a daughter of Samuel Par-
rar, and settled on the John Penfield place.
Shepherd, Mosbs, from Connecticut, 1790 ; set-
tled on a road now discontinued, in the west part
of the town. He was an industrious and peaceable
citizen. Several of his sons were among the first
colonists to the republic of Liberia.
Shiphbrd, Rev. Paybttb, son of Hon. Zebulon
R. Shipherd, of Granville, N. Y. He became as-
sistant pastor of the Congregational church about
1826, and continued until 1881. During his min-
istry, this church received a large accession to its
membership. He was active and untiring in the
discharge of his pastoral duties. His style of pub-
lic speaking was graceful and impressive, and
Family Seetohbs. 287
seldom failed to fix the attention of his audience.
During his pastorate, he was greatly beloved by his
people ; but when he afterwards became identified
with the anti-slaverj movement, he was denied the
use of the church, m which to deliver his lectures,
lie removed hence to Troy, N. T., and thence to
Oberlin, Ohio.
Sherman, JosiAHR.,from Salem, F.T., married
Lydia S. Walker, and succeeded Fitch Clark on
the Joshua Cobb place. He has recently built on
the site of the old house, a beautiful and commodi-
ous dwelling.
SiMONDS, Joel, from Massachusetts, about 1780 ;
m. Patience Hall, and settled on the j^resent pre-
mises of Ossian H. Simonds. They raised twelve
children, two sons and two daughters in alternation
until the quota was filled : Joseph, John, Bethiah,
Lucy, Joel, Justin F., Mary, Sarah, Jonah, Ira,
Patience and Hannah. Bethia m. Benjamin Coy ;
Lucy, Jacob Meacham ; Mary, Eli Oatman ; Sarah,
Samuel Miles ; Patience, Warren A. Cowdrey, and
Hannah, Joseph Douglas. Mr. Simonds died in
1821, aged 77; his widow in 1882, aeed 86.
Simonds, Joel, Jr., m. Mary, da. of Bethel Hurd,
and succeeded to the homestead. He was a pro-
minent member of the Methodist church, and gave
his children unusual educational advantages. He
raised a family of nine children : Ossian H., Joel,
Justin F., 2d, Annis, Louise, Patience, Mary, Alta
and Helen.* Joel removed to Illinois; Dr. Justin
F. removed to Iowa, and was a surgeon in the late
war ; Annis m. Artemus Wilcox ; Louise, Nathan
Swift ; Patience, Lucien B. Meacham, and died in
1883, aged 28 ; Mary, James L. Lee, of Poultney ;
Alta, James N. Mason, and Helen, Jpseph Parker^
of Cazenovia, N. Y. Mr. Simonds diea in 18^0,
aged 78 ; his wife in 1849, aged 66. ,'
\
\
288 Pawlbt.
SiMONDS, OssiAN H., m. Marion Semple, who died
in 1889, affed 82, Next m. Pann;^ Oonant, who
died in 1849, aged 84, leaving two children, George
0. and Fanny, who married Samael Bailey. Next
he married Melissa Strong, of Sandy Hill. Mr.
Simonds has been justice of peace 26 years.
SiMONDS, Justin P., settled on the present home-
stead of Artemus Wilcox. He was a quiet domestic
man and when entrusted with public business always
did it well. He was thrown from his wagon and
hurt so ' that he soon died in 1889, aged 69. His
widow died the same year, aged 70.
Simonds, Col. Bbnjamin, a brother of Joel Si-
monds, Sen., was in command of the military post
in this town in 1777, which was the head-quarters
of Col. Herrick'g regiment of rangers and was used
as a recruiting station and a depot for stores for our
troops and for plunder taken from the enemy. On
the 16th of August, 1777 the day before the battle
of Benning^ton an order was issued by Col. Simonds
to Jedediah Reed, directed to his wife in Lanesboro,
Mass., and endorsed by the council of safety for six
or seven pounds of lead ** as it is expected every
minute that an action will commence between our
troops and the enemies within four or five miles
of Bennington and the lead will positively be
wanted." Col. Simonds was grandfather of Hon.
John B. Skinner, of Genesee Co., N. Y.
Smith, Capt. Nathaniel, from Conn., at an early
day came to this town with several brothers among
whom was Judge Pliny Smith, of Orwell. All the
brothers but himself left town in a few years. He
wias in the legislature in 1795-96. We have often
heard the old inhabitants speak of him in the high-
estlterms of respect. He died 1807, aged 57. His
wiqow in 1820, aged 69.
Sk'^iTH, Capt. Benoni, from Glastenbury, Conn.,
Family Sebtohbs. 239
1781 settled on thepresentpremiseeof his son Robert
H. Smiths He brought with him and encouraged
to come from time to time large numbers of settlers
who looked upon him almost as a father. He was
a man of life and energy, and contributed greatly to
promote the sottlemout of the neighborhood. He
built a grist and saw mill on his premises soon after
ho came to town. His wife died in 1788, aged 47,
leaving seven children: Josiah, Arthur, Keuben,
Hoel, Ira, Jemima and Anna, who m. Benjamin
Tyler of Claremont, N. H. Next he m. Elizabeth
Smith, who died in 1882, aged 77, leaving two child-
ren, EobertH. and Eliza, who m. David Hitchcock,
of Granville, N. T. llobert H. Smith has been in
the legislature two years. Capt. Smith died in 1799,
aged 59. '
Smith, Josiah, m. Ruth Goodrich and settled on
the present premises of Horatio Hollister. He was
a leading Episcopalian and senior warden of Trinity
church, Granville, from its organization to his deatn
in 1828, aged 66. His widow died in 1846 aged 77.
His death was caused by a kick from a horse. In
his domestic and church relations he was greatly
beloved and esteemed. He raised ten children : Eph-
raim, Noah, Hoel, Josiah, Betsey, Penelope, Julia,
Ruth, Mima and Laura. The three first named
removed to Illinois; Josiah removed to London-
derry ; Betsey m. Allen Blossom ; Mima m. Hoel
Clark, of Wells.
Smith, Reuben, m. Sariah da., of Col. Samuel
Willard, and settled near his father. He was a
kind-hearted and pleasant man, and highly esteemed.
He kept tavern some twenty years before 1882,
when he removed to Burke, N. Y. He raised six
children : Benjamin, John, Arthiir, Ann, Abigail
and Emily. These all removed to Burke, N. Y.,
and vicinity. Mr. Smith died m 1862, aged 96.
240 Pawlbt. \
Smith, Arthur, settled south of his father'!
He was a scholarly iutelligent man. He removed
to Scipio, K Y., with all his family, about 1810,
Some of hie family have become distinguished
in the professions. He was deacon of the Congre-
gational church in Scipio, and died recently at a
very advanced age.
Smith, Hoel, m. Ruth, da. of John 0. Bishop the
head of the well known Bishop family in Gran-
ville, IS. Y. He entered upon the mercantile
business in that place and died in 1806, a^ed 35,
leaving no children. He commenced life with the
most flattering prospects and his untimely death
was greatly deplored. His widow did not cease to
mourn her loss through a long life.
Smith, Ira, m, Maria, da. of Col. Samuel Wil-
lard, and removed in early life to Franklin county,
N. Y. We know little of him, but we understand
he maintained a creditable position in society. He
died in 1856, aged 76.
Smith, Rev. Zbphaniah H., from Qlastenbury,
Conn., came here as a missionary before there was
any settled minister in town. He returned to
Conn., and was pastor of a church in Newtown,
His religious views being changed, he adopted the
profession of law, in which he became very dis-
tinguished. He was uncle of the Rev. George
Smith, of Hebron, N. Y., who was the first preacher
of the Methodist church at the village in 1825, and
founder of the Methodist Protestant church in 1832,
in the south part of the town.
Smith, Dr. Justin, m. Irene, da. of Col. Ozias
Clark, and removed to Lima, N. Y. He was a
physician of the highest order of talent, but
became insane, which destroyed his usefulnesa
His son James, well known in town, recently lost
his life by the caving in of a well in Iowa.
Familt Sketohbs. 241
Smith, Gov. Israel. We have been often told by
the old residents that Gov. Smith was for some
years a resident of this town. History seemed to
contradict this, as he was the representative of
Bupert at the same time he was claimed to be a
resident here. Our solution of the question is that
he lived on disputed laud between Rupert and
Pawlet, which on a final settlement was a^udged
to this town. He was from SufBeld, Conn., 1783,
a graduate of Yale, an attorney, in the legislature
four years, and member of congress from 1791 to
1797. In 1797 he was chief justice of this state.
In 1800 he was again in congress and served one
term when he was elected U. S. Senator, which oflice.
he held until 1807, when he was chosen governor.
He died in Rutland, in 1810, aged 51.
Smith, Hon. Noah, a brother of Gov. Smithy and
who graduated at Yale with him, came here during
the early years of the revolution ; he too was an
attorney. At that day it was confidently expected
that this town would become the county seat of the
E resent counties of Bennington and Rutland;'
euce the influx of distinguished men to this place..
Being disappointed, Noah Smith returned to Bed-
nington and delivered the first anniversary oration,
in commemoration of the battle of Bennington in>
1778. he was states* attorney from 1781 several
years, and judge of the supreAie court of the state ;.
m the whole five years. He removed to Chittenden
county about 1800, and soon after died.
Smith, Alonzo, from Wells, 1860, settled on the
homestead of George Willard. He m. Lydia, da.,
of Jacob Lyon. His oldest son Frederic m. Har-
riet, da. of Curtis Weeks.
Smith, John, settled in Fairfax county, Va,
whence he was driven in 1861, by the confederates,.
He has been lessee of the town farm since 1864.
21
242 Pawlbt.
Smith, Simon, from Minerva, K Y, He m.
Abigail, da. of James Williams, and settled in
North Pawlet. Thev raised a family of six daugh-
ters and one son : Deborah, Harriet, Vesta Ann,
Alta, Lydia, Amanda, and Jndson O. Harriet m.
Daniel Cobb, and died 18 • Vesta Ann m. Edward
Wall, of Granville ; Amanda m. William Dean, of
Port Ann, K Y. ; Altam. William Bigelow, of St
Lawrence Co., N. Y.
Snbll, John, from Gilmamton, F. H., m. Lois
Whiting, who died, leaving one son, John. Next
he m. Khoda Sheldon, of Bupert, and died in 1856,
aged 56, leaving five children, Lois, Samuel, Julia,
Hattie and James ; Lois m. Dr. Jacob J. Denham,
of Benton, N. Y. ; Julia m. Martin V. Leach.
SouLLARD, Edward S., from Saratoga, N. Y,,
1828, m. Fanny, da, of John Crapo, wno died in
1852, aged 49. Next he married Julianna, da. of
Shubel Barden, of Bupert, and settled on the Jesse
Monroe farm. He was several years a preacher of
the Methodist church, which connection he left in
♦ 1831. He afterwards became a Baptist minister,
and was pastor of the church in Middletown, He
.fetired from the clerical profession some twenty
years since.
Spbnobr, Hon. Chbstbr, is the son of Stephen
Spencer, one of the early and respected citizens of
this town. He was brought up to the trade of
clothier under Capt. Abner Lumbard. He has
long been a resident of Castleton, where he has
filled many responsible offices.
Squibr, Truman, a native of Woodbury, Conn*,
'settled as an attorney on the present premises of
Daniel F. Cushman. He was here at an early day,
and removed about 1800 to Manchester, where he
held the office of states' attorney two years, judge of
probate three years, and was secretary to the go-
Family Sketohes. 248
» ^^
vemor and council several years. He died in 1845,
aged 81.
Staples, Jonathan, from Danby, succeeded
Daniel Fitch on the present homestead of Lucius
M. Oarpenter. He was a man of great activity and
energy. He removed to Granville, N. Y., in 1862,
where he now lives at the age of 70 years.
Stark, Oapt. John, we believe from New Hamp-
shire, prior to 1770. He was a leading citizen and
large landholder. He settled on the farm^ and built
thehouse now owned by Mr. Hammond, which is one
the oldest houses in town. He was a cousin of
General John Stark, and commanded a company
at Bennington battle. He raised a family of
twelve daughters and one son, Samuel, who re-
moved to Oswego Co., N. T. He was one of the first
judges appointed in the state (in 1788). The records
of the town show him to have been a man of
standing and influence. He removed to Grand
Isle about 1800, and was soon after instantlv killed
by the kick of a horse. His son Samuel raised
a family before he left town, of ten daughters and
four sous. ^
Stearns, John, son of David Stearns, married
Nancy Hopkins, and succeeded to his father's estate.
His wife died, leaving four children: John, who
married Mary Hitt, and settled in Kansas ; Mary,
James and Janett, who married Harry B. Jones.
Stearns, Seth, from N. H., settled near Smith
Hitt's and wasen^a^ed in the manufacture of starch,
several years, until burnt out in 1851. He then re-
moved to North Granville, N. Y.
Stevens, Peter, from Glastenbury, Conn., 1783,
married Mercy House, and settled on the present
homestead of James M. Shaw. He was of a kind
and genial disposition and of very industrious habits.
His father's name was Joseph, who was the son of
244 Pawlbt;
Rev. Timothy Stevens, who for thirty years was the
Congregational minister of Glastenbury, and died
in 1726. Peter Stevens was one of a family of
fourteen children : Joseph, Thomas, Mary, Elisha,
David, Jerusha, Samuel, Elijahj David, tfonathan,
Jerusha, J^mes, Peter and Ashbel. He raised a
family of six children: Jared, Jonathan, Sector,
Hoel, Joel and Betsey. Jared died in 1850, aged
66; Sector in 1869, a^ed 73. IIool, who was a
shrewd business man, died in 1844, aged 44. Mr.
Stevens died in 1838, aged 80; his wife in 1883,
aged 70.
Stevens, Jonathan, m. Margaret, da. of Robert
Rilev. He may be considered the father of the
woolen manufacturing business in this town. In
1812, in connection with John Strong, he erected
the firet woolen mill in town at West Pawlet. In
1882 he built a large mill on Pawlet river, which
was burnt about 1850. He then removed to Gran-
ville, N. Y., where he run a mill several years, and
was succeeded by his son, Robert R. He died in
1866, aged 76 ; his wife in 1860, aged 72. He
raised a family of six children: Annis, Malona,
long a teacher of the higher and ornamental
branches ; Lora, who died in 1863, aged 38 ; Mary,
who married Hon. Oscar F. Thompson, of Gran-
ville, N. Y. ; Joel and Robert R., who married a
daughter of Luther Cathcart.
. Stevens, Joel, twin brother of Hoel, married
Rachel S. Phelps, and succeeded to his fiither's
estate on which he built, in 1846, the beautiful and
convenient mansion now occupied by. James M.
Shaw. He removed to Granville, if. Y., about
1852, where he erected a paper mill at a cost of
|$7,000, which was burnt, uninsured, soon after he
commenced business. This was a staggering blow,
but Joel is one who never gives up. He was the
Family Sketches. 245'
inventor of the cheese pan and stove combined,
which was a great improvement in the manufacture'
of cheese.
Stevens, Elijah, from Glastenbury, Conn., set-
tled on the Burton farm and raised a large family,
who have all removed to the west. His children's-
names were : William, who married Sally Hurlbut ;
Asa, who married Alvira Bowkar ; Ashbel, who-
married Laura Hollister, and Esther, who married
Goodrich, and subsequently Elijah Brown.'
Mr. Stevens died in ' 1816, aged 72 ; his wife in?
1807, aged 66.
Stewart, Philo P., nephew of Deacon John
Penfield, served an apprenticeship to the harnessi
business under him. About 1825 he went as lay
missionary to the western Indians, where he con-
tinued a fewyears. He next turns up in Troy, N. Y.,,
where he has achieved a wide reputation as the-
inventor of the Stewart stove.
Stoddard, Oapt. Nathan A., from Connecticut
about 1810 ;m. Kuth Judson, and settled last at
the village. He was an active and zealous member
of the Congregational church, and prominent in
the temperance reform. He removed west some
thirty years since. His youngest son. Rev. Judson
B. Stoddard, is a Congregational minister in Con-
necticut.
Stoddard, William, m. Abigail, da. of Capt.
Joshua Cobb, and settled last on the mountain
above Henry R. Hosford's. He raised a numerous
family, of whom only one, the widow of Luther B.
Wood, remains in town. He died in 1864, aged
76 ; his wife in 1854, aged 73.
Stone, Rev. Levi H., from Northfield, succeeded
Rev. Azariah Hyde in the pastorate of the Congre-
fational cliiirch in 1866. Chaste and elegant in
ictiou and elocution, he fixes impressions on his
246 Pawlbt,
hearers with uncommon force and brilliancy. He
commands in advance the respect and confidence
of all classes of community. He was chaplain to
the first Vt. regiment in 1861.
Stratton, Samubl, from Greenwich, Mass., 1788 ;
m. Bulah, da. of Joseph Jones, and succeeded to his
homestead. His wife died in 1808, aged 86, leaving
a large family. Next, he m. Tabitha Simonds, who
Sent a long life mostly in attendance on the sick,
e died in 1828, aged 60 ; his wife in 1857, aged
88. Two daughters only of a numerous family
remain in town: Boxana, the widow of Hiram
Weeks, and Tryphena, who m. Avery Wooster.
Strbbtbr, Dr. M. H., from Hebron, N. Y.,
settled at West Pawlet in the practice of medicine
in 1866 as successor to Dr. R. G. Monroe.
Stronq, Rbtdrn, from Suflield, Conn., 1784;
built the house now owned by Lucius M. Carpen-
ter. His wife was a sister of Deacon Ezekiel
Harmon, and after his decease, in 1807, aged 59,
became the wife of Daniel Welch. We have know-
ledge of only four sons, Zopher, Phineas, Return
and Walter.
Strong, Phinbas, m. Anna, da. of Asa Field, and
settled at the village in the mercantile business.
He was a worthy and highly esteemed citizen ; was
in the legislature two years. He died in 1839, aged
61; his widow in 1861, aged 67. They raised ten
children: Justin, Rollin F., Martin D,, Gustavus,
John, Phineas, Return, Guy C, Aim F. and Helen.
Justin was burnt to death at Fort Plain, when
about 25 years old ; Rollin F. was a graduate of
Middlebury, 1827, settled as attorney at Middle-
burg, N. Y. ; Martin D. m. Betsey, da. of Dorastus
Fitch, who died in 1839, aged 24 ; next he married
a daughter of Capt. Joseph Short, of Granville, N.
Y. ; he succeeded to his father's business ; was post
Family Sebtohbs. 247
master four years, and town clerk six years ; he
removed to Michigan in 1854, and is now judge of
probate. Gustavus was a printer; John a teacher;
i^hineas m. Eliza Ann, da. of Ezra Andrus, and is
a physician at Buffalo, N. Y. ; Return was a volun-
teer in the Mexican war, and died in New Orleans ;
Rev. Guy 0. Strong is a graduate of Middlebury,
and a Congregational minister in Michigan ; Ann
F. m. Wilham F. Bascomb, late J)rincipal of the
Burr and Burton Seminary, and now clerk in a
department of government at "Washington ; Helen
m. Dr. Moses Porter, 2d, and recently died.
Strong, Return, Jr., m. Laura, da. of Gen. Tho-
mas Davis, of Montpelier. He settled at the vil-
lage in the mercantile business. He was in the
legislature three years, and deputy sheriff several
years. He was universally esteemed and beloved.
He died in 1838, aged 42, leaving two children,
Thomas D. and Laura D. The former is a physi-
cian at Westfield, N. T.; the latter follows the
profession of teaching and was late female princi-
pal of Burr and Burton Seminary.
Strong, Capt. Walter, m. ifancy, da. of Seth
Sheldon, Jr., who died in 1864, aged 64. He re-
moved to Chautauque county in 1827, and raised a
family of six daughters who, all but one, live in
that county. Capt. Strong is a man of standing
and influence; he removed lately to Cleveland, 0.
Strong, Capt. Timothy, from Connecticut about
1810 ; settled on the Jonathan Willard place. He
was an enterprising citizen and noted for his exer-
tions to improve the breed of sheep. He was a
friend, we understand a relative, of Col. Hum-
phreys, of Connecticut, who brought to this coun-
try the first Spanish merino sheep. Some of these
shoep were brought here, and distributed about the
248 Pawibt.
country. He removed to Washington county, Vt.,
in 1816, where he died in 1842.
Strong, John, ra. Nancy a daughter of Findlay
McNaughton, and settled at West. Pawl et in the
woolen manufacture. He was from Glastenburv,
Oonn. He removed some years since to Sandy
Hill, N. Y. where he died in 1867, nged 68. They
raised a family of eight children : Marcellus, Sabra,
Melissa, Helen, Thomas J., Gustavus A., Laura and
Ann Eliza. Marcellus isa printer and editor at
Madison, Wis.; Melissa m. Ossian H. Simonds;
Thomas J. lost a foot at "Dutch Gap "canal, and is
a Brig. General ; Gustavus A. was in the service ;
Helen m. Mr. Holbrook, and Ann Eliza m. Edna
Vaughn.
Swift, Nathan, from Fort Ann, K Y., 1866, m.
Louisa, da. of Joel Simonds, Jr., and settled on the
James Bigart place. His family consists of three
daughters: Mary na. Philander white of Fort Ann,
Alta and Ann. / ^
Sykbs, Jacob, from Connecticutj,1782, settled on
the present homestead of Wilson Clark: Several
brothers came with him who settled in Dorset,
where their descendants are numerous. He was a
substantial thrifty farmer. His wife died iti 1816,
aged 59, when he married the. widow of William
Stevens. Of his family we know but little. One
daughter m: Jared Francis, of. Wells; his. son
Jacob married Minerva Goodspeed, , and died' in
1836, aged 36, leaving a Ivly^q family.; She is now
the 'wife of Samuel Wood. Mr. Sykes died in
1848, aged 88.
Taylor, Samuel, from Springlield, Mass., 1780,
m. Olive Pomroy,* settled at the village where he
wrought at blacksmithing fifty years. He had five
sons brought up at the same business : Samuel, Elias
P., John P., Zaaoc and Daniel P. There were several
Family Skbtohbs. 249
daughters, one of whom m. Seth Viets, another
JaredHulett, and another Lamson Allen. He,
died in.lSH aged 76. His wife in 1818, aged 42,
Taylor, Samuel, Jr., ra. a da. of Aaron Bennett
and settled, on the. mountain on the Asa Denison
place. He liaised nine children : Sylvester, Neville,
William, Elias, Ahira, Charles r.j George W.
Oyrus P., and; Eliza. He died in 1862, aged 60.
His widow in 1862, aged 65.
. Thompson, Samuel, from Wallingford, m. Judith
Eelly, and settled on . the Joseph Branch farm.
His wife is .a great, great granddaughter of George
Kush. They, raised two daughters: Harriet who
m. Fayette Andrus and Prudence who m. Daniel
Brown.
Toby, Josiah^ from Falmouth, Mass., 1788, m.
Lydia Baker, and settled on the present homestead
of Luther Cathcart. He succeeded Joseph Hascall
as deacon of the Baptist church in 1815. He raised
seven children : John, Josiah, Zeno, Mercy, Betsey,
Hannah and Lydia. John m. Chloe, da. of Dr.
Ithamar Tilden and removed to Ohio, about 1844 ;
Zeno died in 1836, aged 32. Mary m. David Downs,
of West Haven, and died in 1839, aged 60. Dea-
con Toby died in 1843, aged 81 ; his wife in 1825,
aged462.
Toby, Col. Josiah, Jr., m. Lorette, da. of Joseph
P. Upham and succeeded to his homestead. He
was held in high estimation as a citizen, and magis-
trate, having held the office of justice 28 years.
He died in 1863, aged 63. He raised a familv of
three sons, Azro, .Chipman J. and George. Azro
died ip 1857, aged 26. Chipman J.ha^gone west.
George m. Laura, da. of : Jonn C. Bishop and suc-
ceeded to the honjestead. .
ToiJY, Reuben, from Falmouth, Mass., 1783, m.
Rebecca Weeks, and settled near Timothy Allen's.
260 Pawlbt.
He was noted for industry and economy, and ac-
Suired ahandsome'property. He was one of the first
eacons of the Second Baptist church. He removed
to Pittsford, K T., 1860, and died in 1852, aged 83.
His wife a few days after aged 82. They raised
six children : Arthur, Zenas, Beuben, Sally, Rebecca,
andEmily. Arfhurm. Abigail, da. of Seth Blossom
and removed to Pittsford, N*. Y. ZiBnas m. Ruth,
da. of Jacob Putnam, and moved to Mendon, N^
T. Reuben m. Betsey, da. of Jacob Putnam, who
died in 1848; aged 83, leaving 2 children. Next
he m. Salina Rogers of Pittsford, N. T. Sally m.
Dea. Seth P: Stiles, of Auburn, N. Y., and died in
1863, aged about 63. Emily m. John Simonds,
and died in 1852, aged 43.
ToBB, Dr. Elibl, settled on the present home-
stead of Joseph B. SaflFbrd, and was the first physi-
cian in the north part of the town. He waa a skill-
ful and talented pnysician and tradition invests him
with rare endowments. He was a lieutenant in the
revolution. He died in 1793, from poison accident-
ally taken. His son, Jonathan, first settled near
George. W. Burt's. He removed to Granville,
where he was known as an intelligent and influen-
tial politician. About 1850, he kept the brick
tavern at ITorth Granville, whence he went west,
but did not long survive.
Tryon, Jbssb, from Qlastenbury, Oonn., 1788,
settled near Timothy Allen's. He was a blacks-
smith and farmer, and acquired a handsome pro-
perty. Some years before his death he removed to
Granville, N. i ., where he died in 1839, aged 76.
He raised a family of eight children: Jonathan,
David, Jesse, Dennis, Mary, Sally, Penelope and
Nancy. David removed to Texas ; Jesse raised a
large family and removed to Oregon. He married
a daughter of Dr. Socrates Hotchkiss, of Wells. His
Family Skbtohbs. 551
Bou, Socrates H., became a physician ; Sally mar-
ried Samuel Smith, and removed to Burke, N. Y.
Dennis is the only survivor of the family in this
vicinity, and has been noted for his efforts to mine
the precious metals on Haystack mountain.
XJpham; Josbph P., from Sturbridge, Conn., 1810,
settled on the present homestead of' George Toby.
He was a prominent and influential citizen. He
married Huldah, daughter of Rosabella Tuttle, who
died in 1828, aged 60, leaving eight children : Sina,
Huldah, Ann, Clarissa, Maria, Lorette, John and
• Joseph. Sinam. Elihu Orvis; Olarisa m. Arch.
Hay : Huldah m.Rev. Nehemiah Nelson, who died
in 1852, aged 62 ; his wife died in 1838, aged 44.;
Ann m. Arch Bishop, long a. merchant at Granville.
They removed some years since to Wisconsin, where
their daughter, Maria, married Hon. Charles A.
Eldridge, member of congress. Maria m. Chipman
B. Johnson, who died in 1834, a^ed 31 ; next she
married Jonathan Dayton, of Michigan ; Lorette m.
Col. Josiah Toby; John m. Paulina, da. of David
C. Blossom, and lives in Winooski ; Joseph has
been a merchant in Brooklyn, N. Y. Mr. IJpham
died in 1867, aged 98; Mrs. Rosabella Tuttle in
18 , aged 93.
Utlby, Capt Lbonard, m. Fidelia, da. of Arunah
Hanks, and succeeded to his homestead. His wife
dying, he married a widow Eastman, and removed
to Otto, N. Y., where he died in 1864, aged 70. He
was considered the best military ofllcer the town
ever produced. He raised a family of seven sons
and one daughter : Jane, who married Jonathan
Goodrich and is the mother: of eighteen children^
•all living. /
ViBTS, Sbth, from Granby, Conn., 1780, settled
on a farm near Charles Phillips. He was a cousin
of the Rt. Rev. Alexander iViets Griswold, bishop
252 Pawlbt.
of the Eastern diocese, which, until 1828, included
Vermont. He died in 1823, aged 86 ; his wife in
1817, aged 68.
YiETS, Seth, Jr., succeeded to the homestead and
raised a large family, among whom are Seth, who
married a daughter of Samuel Taylor ; Harvey,
who married Emeline, daughter of Seely Brown;
Henry, Eunice and Mary, the widow of Franklin
Jones. Mr. Viets died in 1847, aged 76 ; his wife
in 1869, aged 80.
ViBTS, Oapt. Henry, married Harriet Shaw and
is one of the oldest residents of West Pawlet. They
have raised foiir children : Harriet; Payette^ who
married Lura Davis; Helen, who married Amyll
B. Searl, and Martin.
Wade, Alpheus, from lihode Island, 1785, settled
near the centre of the town. He m. Mary, da. of
Henry Wooster. . He raised a large family who en-
joyed good educational advantages of which he
himself was deprived. Their names ; so ' far as re-
membered, follow : Alpheus, John,' Hiram, Nelson,
Kachel, Nancy, and Anne. Alpheus is a Methodist
preacher, Amsterdam, N. Y. . John was a physician
m Ohio, died in 1866 ; Hiram isat Sandy Hill, N. Y.*;
Nelson at Warrensburg, N. Y. ; Rachel died at
Granville ; Nancy! m. Q. A. Prescott, Sandy Hill;
Anne m. -Brock, Newark, N. J. Mr. Wade
died in 1841, aged 70.
"Wallace, William, married a sister, of Deacon
Penfield, and settled near the base of the hill north
of th6 village. We have often heard, him highly
spoken of. He died in 1816, . aged 46 ; his wife in
1886, aged 69. His family have all left town.
Walker,. Rev. Jabon F., from having been prin-
cipal of the Troy Conference Academy atPoultney,
assumed charge of the Methodist church at the vil-
lage in 1863. About his first service was the preach-
Familt Skatohbs. 258
ing of the dedication sermon. He soon became of
the " Progressive " school and under his auspices
an independent religious society was soon after or-
fanized. Whatever the defects or excellences of
is views and theories, he exerted a magnetic and
fascinating influence over the adherents to his pe-
culiar views. He removed to Wisconsin.
Warner, Mark, from Northampton, Mass., 1799,
was an industrious and worthy citizen. He raised
four sons : Elisha, Spencer, William and Mark.
Spencer m. Lucy, da. of Heman Hastings, and is a
liberaj and wealthjr capitalist of Chicago. William
resides in Franklin county, where he has been a
merchant. Mr. Warner died in 1889, aged 78;
his wife in 1857, aged 70.
Warner, Elisha, m. Mary, da. of Oliver Loomis,
who died in 1861, aged 68, leaving two sons, Oliver
L. and Walter S. Oliver L. married Mary A., da.
of John Moore of Dorset. Walter S. ra. Marcia,
da. of Sylvanus B. Lathe, who died in 1862, a^ed
29. Kext, he m. Olive J., da. of Galusha Hanks.
Mr. Warner is now in Norwich, Ot.
Warner, Mark, Jr., m. Angelia, da. of Lyman
Finney, and has a family of five dauffhters, of whom
the oldest, Julia, m. Francis S. HoTlister.
Warrinbr, Gad, from Conn., 1788; settled on
the farm now owned by Horace Clark. His son,
Chester, ra. Drue, da. of Joshua Cobb ; Willis m.
Nancy, da. of Joseph Armstrong, and moved to
Hopkinton, N". Y., in 1811. The rest of the family
moved to Gainsville, N. Y.
Weed, James, from Rupert, m. Caroline, da. of
James Rice, and settled on the Moses Porter place.
He has just opened a store at the village.
David Weeks, from Hardwick, Mass., 1801;;
settled south of the village and conducted the tan-
22
264 Pawlbt.
•
ning business over 50 years ; the latter part of the
time in connection with his sons, Rich and Beth B.
He was a man of quiet and genial manners, and
was much respected. He married Abigail, da. of
Seth Bond, and raised eight children : Elijah, Sal-
mon, Rich, Seth B., Matilda, Abigail, Eliza and
Kancy. Elijah m. Alma Morrison, and died in
1859, aged 67; Salmon m. Rhoda Robinson and
settled at the village in the tanning business ; he
removed to Long Island, where he died. Rich m.
Catharine, da. of Asahel Clark, and lives near the
homestead ; Seth B. m. Fanny Keeler of Brandon,
who died in 1846, aged 29 ; be died in 1850, aged
48. Matilda m. !mram Wickham; Abigail m.
Fowler W. Hoyt, of Manchester; Eliza has fol-
lowed teaching near forty years, and m. in 1865
Daniels, of Troy, K. Y.
Wbbks, Samubl, from Hardwick, Mass., 1801;
settled on the present homestead of Arthur Good-
speed, and raised nine children: Wheeler, John,
Curtis, Hiram, Saftbrd, Harvey R., William P.,
Cyrus and Sarah. Wheeler removed to Penn.,
and died recently; John m. Clara Willard, and
died in Whitesboro, N. Y. ; Safford died at the
same place. Hiram m. Roxana, da. of Samuel
Stratton, and died in 1866, a^ed 62 ; Harvey R.
m. Roxana Perry, and died m 1866, aged 58;
William P. m. Laura, da. of John Williams; Sarah
m. Silas Jones, Jr., who died in 18 • Next, she
m. John Williams, of Granville, and died in 18 .
Weeks, Curtis, m. Almira, da. of Chauncy
Sing and raised five children : Chuuncy K., Edward
P., William C, Clarinda and Harriet. Chauncy
K. m. Catharine Hanks and died in 1849 aged 28,
leaving one son Henry ; Edward P. m. Charlotte
Perham who died in 1857. William C. m. Annette
Familt Seetohbs. 255
Reed ; Clarinda m. Simeon Pepper, now of Rupert ;
Harriet m. Frederic Smith,
Welch, Daniel, from ISTorwich, Conn., 1768, was
one of the earliest settlers in town. He settled on
the present Town Farm. He was a wide-awake
thorough-going man, and was familiarly called
"Governor" Welch. He was m. four times: first
to Polly Bryant ; next to Catharine Risden, in 1788.;
next to Return Strong's widow in 1813 ; next to
Widow Kent, of Dorset. His numerous family of
children are all dead or have left town, and he has
few descendants left here. In 1822 he removed to
Mendon, N. T,, where he died in 1827, aged 81.
Whbdon, Edmund, from Conn., 1787, settled on
the present homestead of Allen Whedon. He
was one of the first members of the Baptist Church
which was organized at his house in 1791. He was
a substantial enterprising man, and contributed
largely to build up W est rawlet, where he erected
some of the first mills in town. He removed to
Cayuga Co., IST. T., 1815, and lived to an advanced
age.
Whbdon, Ansel, from Conn., 1787, settled a few
rods south of his brother Edmund. He was a
spirited wide-awake man and accumulated a large
estate all in one body, sufficient to give each one of
his seven children an excellent farm. He died in
1826, aged 62 ; his widow Rachel in 1837, aged 71.
His children were David, Ansel, John Samuel,
Rachel, Lorene and Agnes. Ansel m. Jane, da. of
I^ehemiah Allen and died in 1831, aged 36. His
widow m. William Clark, of Whitehall, N. Y,, and
died in 1850, aged 50. John iti. Lovice, a da. of
Joshua Harndon and died in 1820, aged 32. His
widow m. General Covill, of HarSord, N*. Y.
Samuel m. another da. of Joshua Harndon and re-
moved to Illinois in 1844. Rachel m. Washington
266 Pawlbt.
Z. Wait, of Hebron, N. T,, who removed to Belleville,
Wis., where his wife died in 1868, aged 66. Lorene
m. Rev. Archibald Wait, who removed to Chicago
where she died in 1865, aged 60. Mr. Whedon
lived on the present homestead of Nath. G. Folger
after 1810.
Whedon, David, m. Lucy, da. of Nehemiah
Allen, and settled on Edmund Whedon*s home-
stead. He was an exemplary citizen and was high-
ly esteemed. He died.in 1868, aged 70, His widow
survives at the age of 71. They raised seven
children : James, David, Ansel, Allen, Oscar, John
M. and Lucinda. Ansel m. Mary Hatch and set-
tled in Fairfax Co., Va., whence he was driven off
by the confederates in 1861. Their oldest daughter
Charlotte, m. Jacob McFadden. Allen m. Ruth, da.
of Jonathan Staples. Oscar m. Julia, da. of Joel
Winchester and removed to Albion, N. Y. John M.
m. Mary, da. of Qol. Parker, of Rupert. Lucinda
m. John A. Orr, postmaster at West Pawlet.
•Whbdon, James, married Roxana Howe, and
raised four children : Mehala, Lucy, Anne and
Charles. He has been music teacher and chorister
over thirty years. He removed to Poultney, in
1867.
Whbdon, David, Jr., married Maria, da. of Isaac
Wickham, and kept store at the village from 1848
to 1864, the latter part of the time in connection
with Hiram Wickham. He was a director of the
Bank of Manchester several years. He removed
to Albion, N. Y., in 1864.
WiLOOX, Jarbd, settled on the present homestead
of John W. Nelson, where he raised a family of ten
children : Jared, Walter, James, Edmund, Cyrus,
Olive, Lydia, Betsey, Mary and Electa. A melan-
choly interest attaches to the history of this family.
All of them, except the father, Edmund and Electa^
Family Skbtohbs. 257
fell victims to consumption, most of them in early
life. Electa married Jonathan T. Evarts, a brother
of Jeremiah Evarts, late secretary of the American
Board of Foreign Missions. Mr. Wilcox removed
to Georgia, Yt., and died at an advanced age.
Wilcox, John, from Halifax, 1780, settled on the
north line of the town, near Wells. He raised a
largo family, several of whom, with their descend-
ants, reside in the vicinity. He died in 1827, aged
72 ; his wife in 1819, aged 67.
Wilcox, Artbmus, son of John Wilcox, married
Annis, daughter of Joel Simonds, Jt*., and settled
on the homestead of Justin F. Simonds. They
have raised ten children : Harvey, Joel 8., Amos>
John H., Eugene, Jerome, Catharine, Laura, Mer-
rien, who died in 1858, aged 18, and Annis. Har-
vey m. Marcia, da. of Rufus P. Oonant, and moved
to Canada West ; Joel S. m. Emma, da. of James
L. Lee ; Catharine m. Charles N. Carver ; Laura m.
Phipps Dean ; Annis m. Thomas Folger, of Gran-
ville, and Amos m. Louise, da. of Samuel Culver.
Wilcox, Horace, from Berlin, Conn., 1819, m.
Sophia, da. of Abner Lumbard, and died in 1852,
aged 59, leaving three children. He was in the
legislature in 1840 and '41. His sons, Francis H.
and Edward, are merchants in Potsdam, N. Y.
Francis H. m. Maria, da. of Laurel Armstrong, of
Dorset; Edward m. Mary Putnam, and Helen m.
George W. Bonney, now of Potsdam, N. Y.
WiOKHAM, Isaac, from Glastonbury, Conn., 1799,
settled on the present homestead of George W.
Burt. He was a man of great shrewdness and cir-
cumspection, and exerted a commanding influence
in society. He was deacon of the second Baptist
church from 1825 to his death in 1835, aged 64.
His widow, whoso name was Ruth Bidwell, died in
1857, aged 82. They raised five children : Robert,
268 Pawlbt.
Hiram, Williami Willis and Maria. Bobert m.
Louisa, da. of John Ed^erton, who died in 1867,
aged 62 ; Hiram m. Matilda, da. of David Weeks,
wno died in 1859, a^ed 66, leaving two sons : Mer-
ritt and RoUin 0. Merritt m. Mary E. Sherwood ;
RoUin 0. m. Mary E., da. of Abel H. Denio, of Ru-
pert. Hiram Wickham has been town clerk since
1868 and one of the directors of the Battenkill Bank
several years. William m. Eunice, da. of Benjamin
Fitch, who died in 1862, aged 63. He is a Method-
ist preacher and resides in Chester, N. Y. Willis
died in 1830, aged 20.
Whbblbr, Russell C, m. Julia, da. of Abner
Lumbard, who died in 1848, aged 37. He kept
store and the post office several years at the village
from 1831. He resides in Middle Granville, N. i .
. WnBBLBR, Margarbt. We find it recorded on
the tomb-stone in the village cemetery, that Mar-
garet Wheeler was the first person interred in that
yard. She died in 1776, aged 88. Prom the best
information we can obtain we believe she was the
mother of the wife of Col. Elisha Clark.
Whitoomb, Austin S., from Rupert, married
Alzina, daughter of Paul Hulett, and settled on the
John M. Clark place.
Whitino, Edmund C, married Charlotte Decker,
and settled at West Pawlet. Thence he removed
to Granville, and thence, in 1863, on the Samuel
Wright farm. He built the Baptist church at West
Pawlet.
WiLLARD, Capt. Jonathan (by Henry Willard)^
Oapt. Willard, the principal grantee and settler of
this town, was born in Roxbury, Mass., about 1720.
He m. Sarah Childs, who died, leaving three child-
ren : Samuel, Mary and Joseph. Next, he married
in succession Hough and a widow Stark,
neither of whom had issue by him; he died in
Familt Sebtohes. 269
Butland 1804^ a^ed 84. In early life, he was for
many years an inhabitant of Colchester, Conn. His
principal business appears -to have been that of a
trader. He owned and commanded a vessel trad-
ing from ports in Few England to New York. A
short time subsequent to 1750, he removed to
Albanv, N. Y., where he kept a public house, the
only English tavern then in the city. About this
time, by contract with government, he furnished
stores for the army then at lake George, in which
business he employed forty yoke of oxen. Tradi-
tion tells us that he made a large amount of money,
and it is related that at one time, when his fears were
excited by an expected invasion, he filled a strong
cask with silver, rolled it beside the chimney and
sealed it up, making it appear as though there was
no space there. After residing in Albany ei^ht
years, he removed to old Saratoga and engaged in
the lumber business. In 1760, he paid a visit to
the Hampshire Grants, in companjr with two others.
They selected three townships of land, each of six
miles square, and then drew lots for choice. Pawlet
fell to our grantee, and at the same time he had
large rights in the other two which were Danby
and Mt Tabor. He then entered the names of his
old neighbors in Connecticut, and obtained a charter
Aug., 1861. Immediately after the location of the
township, he repaired to Colchester and informed
his friends of what he had done. For a mug of
flip or a new hat he purchased many of their riffhts
nuntil he became possessed of just two-thirds ofthe
town. The other third, he was extremely anxious
to have immediately settled. Accordingly this
same year Simon Burton and Wm. Fairfield came
into town. Mr. Burton settled and made the first
clearing on the farm now owned by Daniel Cush-
man, and here the first fifty acres of land were
260 Pawlbt,
given to the wife of Mr. Burton for being the first
woman settled in town. On this ground the first
celebration of the fourth of July was held in 1777,
when an ox was roasted whole. The next year,
1762, Capt. Willard came into town with nine
hired men and several horses. He pitched his
tent near Henry Allen's and by fall had cleared
several acres and sowed it with wheat. Ho then
returned to his home on the Hudson, where he
remained two or three years. Meeting with heavy
losses in the lumber business about mis time, in
1764 or 176& he returned with his family to his
clearing in this town. At this time he had lost half
his capital, which was the sole cause of his settling in
the township which he bought for the purpose of
speculation. As a man, Capt. Willard was strong,
elastic, wiry and enduring; mentally he was a
quick discerner of the intentions of men, shrewd
and sound in judgment. He sprung from a noble
•stock being descended in the fourth generation from
the ninth son of Mmor Simon Willard, who came
from the county of Kent, England, to Boston, 1684.
He was a thorough business man, and in testimony
of his uprightness, it is said that he was universally
respected by those with whom he did business.
His name is held in great veneration by his nume-
rous descendants. His last wife died in 1804, aged
74.
Willard, Ool., Samuel (By Henry Willard), m.
Sarah Stark, da. of his father's third wife and raised
seven children ; Jonathan, Samuel, Benjamini
Archibald, Robert, Sarah and Maria. Jonathan m.
Abigail, da. of Major Roffer Rose ; Samuel m. a da.'
of John Burnham^ and Robert m. Gardner, both
of Middletown ; Sarah m. Reubon Smith and Maria,
Ira Smith. This family of Willards all left town
many years since, and settled mostly in northern
Familt Sebtohbs. 261
New York, where in some places the name is quite
common. From one of these sprungDaniel Wil-
lard Tisk, of the Astor Library, N. x., who is a
distiDguished linffuist. Col. "Willard was a leading
man during his snort life. Our tradition is that he
was a colonel of militia in the latter end of the
French war. He was also at the battle of Saratoga.
He built the old red grist mill ; he died in 1788,
aged 48. Mary, only da. of Capt. Jonathan "Wil-
lard m. Elkanah Cobb, and raised seven children :
Elkanah, Willard, John, Joshua, James B., Mary
and Sophia (see "Elkanah Cobb),'* James B. was
educatedjat Burlington, and afterwards a graduate of
West Pomt. He recruited a conapany for the war of
1812, but not being allowed by government to com-
mand it he broke his sword and resigned his commis-
sion of lieutenant. He was a man of uncommonly
prepossessing appearance and decided abilities; soon
after this he went south, and settled in the state of
Georgia. From him sprung the Hon. Howell Cobb.
Sophia, youngest da. of Elkanah Cobb, m. vZadoo
Remington, of Castleton, and was the mother of
Eev. Prank Remington, D.D., of the Episcopal
church, now of Brooklyn, N. Y., and of Henry
Remington, of Castleton.
Willard, Joseph (by Henry Willard), younffest
son of Capt. Jonathan "Willard, was born in Col-
chester, Conn., 1750. He ml Sarah Hare, and
raised five children; Margaret, Betsey, John,
Andrew and George. The sinffularity of the
marriage of Joseph may be considered worthy x>f
record. Her father was an English officer in com-
%nand at Fort Stanwix, and feu in a hand to hand
conflict with the American officer, in which both
were killed. Capt. Hare's widow with three or four
children and a black servant, sought refuse in
Canada, and by a roundabout way to avoid our
262 Pawlbt.
forces, journeyed through this town, and put up at
Oapt. Willard s tavern, expecting to proceed in the
morning. During the nignt a sudden thaw ensued
and they were compelled to remain. Soon an
attachment sprung up between Joseph and Sarah,
and her parent was induced to stay to see how it
would end: which was by marriage in her 17th
year. It may be of interest to some to state that
her father was a captain in Butler's Rangers under
Col. Butler the noted tonr. When IJutler held
Fort Stanwix (Rome K Y)., he sent Oapt. Hare
with his company, and three hundred Indians out
upon a scouting expedition. A man named Davis
who had married Capt. Hare's sister, was a captain
in the American service. Accidentally they met
upon this occasion. Each demanded of the other
a surrender, which each denied. Each fired upon
the other, when both fell at the same instant, mor-
tally wounded at each other's feet. (Col. Hare's
family history, Canada West). This was indeed a
melancholy fate for the two brothers-in-law, espe-
cially when it is remembered that they had always
been warm Mends aside from political animosities.
She was left behind while the family proceeded on
their way. She was a woman of great judgment,
memory and nhysical endurance. To her the
writer of this sketch is indebted for many facts in
relation to the family. Joseph Willard passed his
days at the present residence of Daniel McGrath,
and died in 1829, aged 80. His widow in 1846,
aged 80.
Willard, Andrew, m. Mary, da. of David Blake-
ley, who died in 1866, aged 70. Ho owns and?
occupies land which has been in the family from
the nrst settlement of the town. He has been con-
fined mostly to his house and bed for the last
twelve years with a spinal complaint, which he has
Family Sebtohbs. 268
borne with cheerful fortitude. His only bon Henry
lives with his father.
WiLLARD, Gborgb, m. Lucretia^ da. Fitch Clark,
and succeeded to the homestead, subsequently he
inoved^on the present farm of Alonzo Smith. He
now resides in Oastleton.
WiLLARD, Silas, m. a da. of Ebenezer Baker,
and settled at the village. He struggled through
life against the adverse influences of poor health
and slender means, and maintained a highly respec-
table character. He died in Qrandville, JSf. Y., in
1869, aged 66, leaving four children ; Gyrenius M.,
Eunice, Mary and Ersa, who all reside in Oastleton.
Hon Gyrenius M. Willard is an attorney, and
judge of probate. He was cashier of the Gastle-
ton Bank, from 1863 to 1866.
Willard, Dr. Jambs H., a brother of Silas
Willard, M. Nancy, a da. of Ephraim Fitch, and prac-
ticed his profession here a few years. He removed
to Brownhelm, Ohio, in 1830, and died in 1868 ;
his wife in 1863.
Willby, A.SA, from Golchester, Conn., 1778, set-
tled in the northeast part of the town. He died in
1826, aged 80 ; his widow in 1827, aged 79. They
left eleven children : Asa, Zechariah, Israel, Betsey,
Abigail, Biachel, Patience, Lydia, Lucy, Polly and
Sally. Asa lives in Unadilla, N. Y., at the age of 88.
Zechariah died in 1866, aged 85 ; Israel in 1847,
aged 63. Betsey married Gideon Giflford, who died
in 1810, aged 50. Next she married Nathan Brown,
and died in Gastile, IS. Y., in 1866, aged 91. Ra-
chel married Hon. John H. Andrus, and died in
1821, aged 60. Sally is the widow of Capt. Bush-
neli, and with her sister, Lucy, 81 years of age,
lives on the homestead. Polly is the widow of
Thomas T. Newton, Fon du lac, Wisconsin.
WiLLUMS, Nathan, settled on the late homestead
264 Pawlet.
of his son^ Edward. He raised a large family, none
of whom remain in town. Daniel, John and James
settled in Castleiton. Edward m. Laura A., da. of
Ool. Asa Thompson, and died in 1865.
Williams, Oliver, from Granville, N. Y. ; m.
Minerva Boach, and settled on the Jonathan Ar-
nold place. They have two sons, John and David.
Willis, Allbn, from Shelburn, Mass., married
Kancy, a daughter of Lemuel Barden, and settled
on the David Cleveland farm. He died in 1858,
aged 80. His widow survives at the age of 78.
Willis, Guild, from Cheshire, Mass., 1815, set-
tled near the village. He died of cancer in 1856,
aged 74, leaving six children: Eliza, Sally Ann,
Adeline, Alvarado, Fanny and Emily. Eliza m.
Capt. Isaac Crosby, and died of cancer in 1865, aged
46, Sally Ann m. David Andrews; Adeline m.
Henry Belden.
WiNOHESTBR, ANDREW, from Ncw Lebanon,Conn.,
1786 ; settled on the present homestead of his grand-
son, Korman. His wife, whose name was Lydia
Carver, was a direct descendant of Gov. John Car-
ver, the first governor of Plymouth colony in 1620.
,He died in 1827, aged 66.
Winchester, Joel, m. Sophia Armstrong, of
Castleton, and succeeded to the homestead of his
father, Andrew. He was a worthy and exemplary
citizen. He died in 1846, aged 56; his widow in
1862, aged 70. They raised eight children : Ho-
race, Charles, Norman, Lydia, Mary Ann, Harriet,
Ellen and Julia. Hoiface m. Ardelia, da. of Elka-
nah Phillips, who died in 1852, aged 85. Next,
Lucina, da. of Moses Whitcomb, who died in 1858,
aged 39. Next, to Harriet Simonds, of Whitehall.
Charles graduated at Wesleyan University, became
an attorney, and is county judge at Springfield,
Mass. Norman m. Harriet Lyon, and succeeded
Family Sketches. 265
to the homestead ; Lydia m. N. W. Bourn ; Har-
riet m. Joseph Peck, of Middletown ; Ellen m. John
Allen, and Julia m. Oscar Whedon.
Wiseman, John, born in England, 1765 ; came
to this country during the revolution, a soldier in
the British service. lie deserted while the army •
lay on the Hudson, and being hotly pursued, swam
tlie river. When his pursuers came up, they fired
upon him, but to no purpose. He waved his hat in
triumph and exclaimed, " Boys, vou are too late."
He joined our army and continued in it to the end
of the war. He settled in the southwest part of the
town, the only guide to his place then being marked
trees. He died in 1815, a^ed 60. He raised a
family of ten children, all of whom lived to marry
and settle. John Wiseman, Jr., married a daugh-
ter of Nehemiah Bourn, and succeeded to the
homestead, but afterwards built a house across the
line in Rupert. He raised a large family of child-
ren : John, Milton B., Josephine, and others.
Milton m. Ann, da. of James Whedon ; Josephihe
m. Dewitt C. Wait.
Wood, David, from Plymouth, Mass., 1792, set-
tled on the late homestead of his son, Luther B.
Wood. He had several children of whom we knew :
Timothy, Luther B. and Calvin, who died in 1867.
Timothy raised a large family, and died some years
since. Mr. Wood died in 1836, aged 87. His wife
in 1825, aged 77.
Wood, Luther B., succeeded to the mountain
home of his father. He was m. four times, and.
raised a very numerous family. His two last wives
were daughters of William Stoddard. His son.
Martin P. was killed at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12,.
1864. Another son, Henry C. was amonff the first,
to enter the service for three years. Mr. WoodI
died in 1865, aged 80. :»
23
266 Pawlbt.
WooD) Bev. Samubl, M. succeeded Bev. Mr.
Bonney in the pastorate of the Gongrej^ational
church in 1854, and continued until 1859, when
he removed to Brunswick, N. Y. The church is
represented as having been at a low ebb at the
fl time he assumed the pastorate. Diffident and
unassuming in his deportment, he was faithful and
diligent in the discharge of his ministerial duties.
WooDARD, John J., married Margaret Hopkins,
and settled at West Pawlet, in 1851. He was in
the mercantile fTnd produce business. He died in
1864, aged 45.
Woodward, Anderson D., from Townsend, 1846;
m. Sarah Korcross, and settled at the village. He
has run the mail stage from Manchester to Pawlet
and Granville, several years. His da. Ellen S.,
married Louis Piaget, of Paterson, IT. J. ; his da.
Emily A., m. George Tingue, of Union village,
N. Y.
WoosTBR, Hbnry, from Connecticut, about 1780 ;
settled on the present premises of Daniel Folger.
In 1793, the Episcopal convention of Vermont met
. at his house, and elected the first Bishop of Ver-
mont, Dr. Edward Bass, who, however, did not enter
on its duties. > He died about 1820, aged 80. He
left two sons, Henry and Amos.
WoosTBR, Hbn«y, Jr., married Dorothy Baldwin,
wl^o died in 1817, leaving two children : Asa and
Amanda. The latter married Bev. Mr. Stannard,
and was a missionary to the Indians. I^ext he m.
Deborah Loomis, and died in 1839, aged 68, leaving
one daughter, Deborah, who m. Luther P. Lincoln.
WoosTER, Amos, m. Zeriah Hall, and succeeded
to the homestead of his father. He raised a family
of twelve children: Amos, Avery, Andrew, Al-
pheus, Aaron, Albert, Asa, Mary, Mercy, Martha,
Manda and Maria. Avery is the only one living in
Family Sketches. 267'
town. He married Tryphena, a daughter of Sam u el
Stratton, Amos is a Methodist preacher. Mr,
Wooster died in 1836, aged 56 ; his widow in 1849,
aged 67. Mrs. Wooster's sister, Miss Polly Hall,
lon^ a resident of this town, died in 1866, in Fitts-
fora, aged 88.
> Wright, Samuel, settled on the present home-
stead of Edmund 0. Whiting. He was noted as a
hunter and trapper, and spent a portion of each
year, until over seventy years of age, in the north-
ern forests in pursuit of his favorite game. He
raised three sons : Samuel, Zerah and Besha. Zcrah
m. Eliza, da. of Dr. Jonathan Safford, and moved
to Ohio. Besha m. Minerva, da. of William Ste-
vens, and died in early life. Mr. Wright died in
1828, aged 81.
Wright, Samuel, Jr., m. Bebecca, da. of Tracy
Cleveland, and settled near his father's. He was
an intelligent and influential citizen. He built a
linseed oil mill in 1814. He had two sons: Hoel
and Lucien B. Hoel m. Aurolia, da. of Oalvin
Cleveland, and removed to Green Bay, Mich. He
was one of the first settlers in that region, and is a
prominent and wealthy citizen. Bev. Lucien B.
"Wright became tin Episcopal minister and settled
in Alabama, where he died at an early age. Mr.
Wright removed to Green Bay about 1880, and re-
centty died.
TOWN CENSUS, JANUABY 1, 1867.
Whole number of inhabitants, 1,868 : Males, 674;
Females, 689. Aggregate age, 40,288 years. Ave-
rage age 29.662. Of these, 862 are voters. Of
men over 21, there are farmers, 288; carpenters^ 11;
268
Pawlet.
manufacturers^ 7 ; blacksmiths, 6 ; shoemakers, 6 ;
masons, 6 ; wagon makers, 8 ; painters, 8 ; weavers, 2 ;
millwrights, 2; harness makers, 2; tinners, 8; tailors,
2; gunsmith,!; photographer,!; merchants, 8;
produce dealers, 5 ; grocer, 1 ; hotel keepers, 2 ;
station agent, 1 : railroad employees, 5 ; mail car-
riers, 2 ; clergymen, 8 ; physicians, 8 ; attorneys, 2.
Talle showing the number of each age and sex from
under one year of age to exghty-nine years :
oi
CJ
d
d
H
1
-a
B
H
^
-a
i
-3
1 und.
18
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15
11
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IS
7
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8
3
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13
10
34.,,
D
12
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7
8
70,,,
4
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17
14
35...
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48...
7
71...
8
1
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18
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20.,,
13
17
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3
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4, . . ,
16
16
27...
5
50...
9
73.,,
3
3
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15
28...
6
18
61...
11
4
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13
S
29.,.
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7
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9
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3
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sa.,-
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15
16
91...
9
G
54...
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6
77..,
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10
65.,.
7
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18
S8,,.
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3
n.,..
15
la '
84...
6
8
57.,,
4
7
80...
13...,
18
20
35..;
7
n
58.,,
8
■4
81..,
8
1
18...,
n
10
80..,
11
50...
7
8
83.,.
1
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£»
17
87.,,
g
00,,.
6
10
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3
la.,..
12
10
38...
5
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61,.,
7
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18.,,.
n
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i 9
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10. * , .
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APPENDIX.
ObUvary of Deceased Soldiers.
Nyb, Edward, son of Nathaniel Nye, enlisted for
three years in Co. B, 9th Vt. regiment He died
in hospital, March 80, 1864, aged 23.
Warren, John, enlisted in Co. F, 169th N. T.
regiment for three years. He was killed instantly
at the capture of Fort Fisher, 1864. He was the
youngest of four sons of a widowed mother, all of
whom were in the service. His patriotic mother
needs and deserves, but does not receive a pension.
Cheese Factories.
The first cheese factory in the state was esta-
blished on the premises of C. S. Bardwell, in West
Pawlet, in March 1864. It is run by a joint stock
company incorporated by the legislature in 1865,
and nas a capital of about five thousand dollars in-
vested in buildings and necessary fixtures. The
milk of about 476 cows, on an average, has been
delivered here for the last three years. The whole
amount of milk for three seasons is 4,849,7691bs.
making 486,2671bs. of cheese, market weight, being
a fraction more than one pound of cheese to ten
pounds of milk. Net proceeds of the cheese, all
expenses paid, $90,000, being a fraction over 18J
cents per pound. The cost of manufacturing
cheese at this establishment, including every ex-
pense until delivered at the depot has been two
270 Pawlbt.
cents per pound. The whole management is under
the supervision of a board of three directors, and
so well are its patrons satisfied with this method of
cheese making tiiat the association will the present
year very much enlarge its manufacturing capacil^.
Another fiictoiy was established at the village m
1865, by BoUin 0. Wickham, on a rather larger
scale, which hasbeen equally successful. We have
no returns from it. Stul another factory iust over
the line in Wells was established in 1865 by James
Norton. More than half its milk comes from this
town. We are assured that the cheese from all
these establishments brings the highest price in
market.
INDEX.
Abbot, John. 40.
Samuel, 148.
Academy, 60, 146.
Ackloy, dOBeph, 06, HI,
163.
Adame, Benoni, 05. 160.
Frederic W., 100.
Geo. Jones, 103.
Jesse, 166.
John, 38.189.
JosephTsO, 85, 184.
Jade, 311.
Adamses, 83.
Adirondac moantainB, 6.
Agan, Michael. 38.
Thomas, 88.
Agard, Caleb, 148.
Lydia, 148.
Agriculture. 64.
Agricultural Society, 183.
Afldn, Mary, 168.
Allen, Alanson, 167.
Annis, 384.
Ansel, 158.
Bama, 167.
Caleb, 41, 116, lOT,
179.
Charles, 43, 168.
Daty, 68,100,160,167.
Ebenezer, 88.
Bll8ha,89.41,43,146,
146, 168, 160, 171,
179.
Bliza, 168.
Bthan, 118, 167.
Henry, 111, 188, 168.
Horace, 07, 103, 169.
IraM., 60.
Isaac, 103, 168.
Jane, 168, 336.
John, 30, 40, 98, 168,
365.
Lamson, 340.
Lucy, 169, 866.
Mary, 68.
Merritt, 103, 160.
Allen, Merrin, 66.
I7athan,86,89,40,146,
168^^
Nehemiah, 30vl68.
Farmalee, 13, 89, lOT.
Sarah. 68, 169.
Timothy, 167, 160.
Timothy, Jr., SO. 167.
Alexander^Bei^. 160.
Isaac Hm 38.
James, 818.
AliotmeatB of land, 0,
W.
Am(», RcT. Joi?eph. 147'
AndcnoUf Davld^ 30,
Andrews, Dnvid, 261
Jloaboii. Ifll.
Amirua, Alhti^ 100, 160.
AmoiK saa,
Asa. t^^ mi
ArA) Jr., VjX}.
Dciijamln. iOO.
ampin, ill. 100.
DavliL fi), flJ, 143,
loOt im. im.
Eliza. Anu, ^H.
Eilzab^ilb, no.
Ezra, 150, 110,
Jftfi. McD,. Sf?.
John 11., Itj0, 3rt3,
Lomon, Tl, 143L 148,
im
Mi3rrlti,im
Siteaf^ UIO.
SyLviiTiift^ 186.
Sylvt'Rtflr, 160.
ZolJiiatnli, lOJ, 189,
mK ino, ifji.
^cti^tah, .Tr., 1€0.
Archilcctnre, loe.
Arms. Bocretcd^ 10.
AmiPiruhg, Cfindiico.lBS,
IlRTrlot, 1(U.
JneiHii-, lell, 238;
Jeeil^ m.
Joseph, m, 101, 338.
Armstrong, Maria, 867.
Nancy, 363.
Phincas, 31, 101.
Sophia, 364.
Arnold, Jeremiah, 118,
148. 148, 161.
Jonathan, 161,
Luther, 31, 148.
ArtiUery, 86.
Attorney, first, 170.
Attorneys, 103, 868.
Authors, 47.
Ayerill,Bli8ha,aO,85,87,
A, 161 .
Mary, 185.
Ayres, Joseph, 147.
Babbitt, Amos W., 88.
John H., 88.
Bailey, Fanny, 888.
Baker, Chauncey. 898.
Ebeneser, 168, 863.
EUJah, 163.
Harvey, 97, 168.
Ichabod, 168.
Laura, 176.
Lydia, 349.
Bemember, 168.
Rnflis,168.
^,100.
Baldridge, Daniel, 144,
Edward, 884, 168.
Edwin S., 168.
Mary, 168.
James, 41.
Baldwin, Alpheus, 180.
Dorothy, 866.
Frederick, 183.
Jeremy, 144, 168.
Joel, 149.
Samuel, 61, 314.
Bannister, Almira, 314.
Baptist Church, 110, 186,
148, 148, 147.
Baptist Church, builder,
Baptist Church, 8d, 147.
Barber, Daniel, 146.
272
Pawlbt.
Barden, John T., 80, 118,
168, 108, l£;i06
809, Wl?
Julianna, IM9.
LemaelJW, ill, 169,
168.
Nancy, 861.
Polly, 181.
Sarah, 190.
Bardwell, 0. S., 60, 61,
107, 116, 116, 164,
177.
LawBon, 188.
Magffie, 78.
MorattW.,164, 177.
Barker, Qoorgo, im
Barnard, Sophronia, 983.
Barnes, Martha, 190.
Barrett. Charles, 93, 38,
3d. 181. m, 166.
Bll8iia,lk
BlUah, 166.
Levi, 166.
Merr)ttO.,88.S8,166.
Barsloy, Amy. 310.
Baacoml), William P.,
347.
Base ball, 131.
Bass, Rev. Edward, 144.
Bassford, Dorcas, 178.
Jane, 313.
Mary, 191.
Bassfords, 301.
Bates, James T.. 148, 166.
Battleground, 6.
Beall, Bldor, 148, 183.
Isaac, 47, 164.
Mrs. Isaac, 104.
Bears, 88.
Beaver meadows, 88.
Beckwlth, Jalia. 176.
Beebe, Anna, 174.
Bzekiel, 86.
Harvey 0.. 88.
Lewis, 188. 189, 166.
and family, 106.
Beech seal, 18, 117.
Beechor, David, fomily
of, 148, 166.
Bldor, 148.
Beldon, Ann, 160.
Henry, 3d4.
Lydia, 881.
Beldlng, Wm H., 88.
Bell,]rolliflit,3^.
Boman, Ofiarlos, 100.
lluv. Jacob, 147.
Bennett, Aaron, 30, 144,
149, 166, 240.
Leonard, 165.
Ahlra, 166.
Banks, 166.
James, 143.
Leonard, 149.
Mary, 143.
Bennett, Roswell, 90.
Samnel, 30, 166.
Uriah, 91.
Benniui'ton, battle of; 6,
Bent, Anna, 333.
Betts, Anna, and fiimily,
193.
John, fkmily of, 166.
Orson F., 89, 48.
Royal 0., 103.
Selah, 30, 166.
Mrs. 8elah, 104.
811n)1, 193.
Willis W.. 38.
Bldwoll, Jonatlian, flunlly
oi 167.
Laura, 178.
Ruth, 867.
Bigart, Francis, 87.
James, 113, 184, 167.
Blgelow, Rhoda, 883.
Wm.,343.
Billiners, Christopher, 30.
BIiJah,333.
Manraret, 168.
Birth, first, 179.
Bishop, Arch., 317, 861.
Isaac, 134.
Laura, 340.
Ruth. 340.
Black, John H., 38.
Robert, 38.
Blacksmiths, 368.
Blakelev,Almira,830.
A. J., 88, 67, 108.
AnnaL 8SiB.
Collins, 67, 08,
Dan, and ramily, 107,
110,168.
David, 30, 86. 41, 43,
101, 104, 143, 167.
David, Jr., fiimily of;
167. ,
Fayette, to, 43.
Ilowitjl. .
Jacob B., 67,143.
Jacob B., and Hunily,
168,
Jonathan,and family,
168.
Mrs. Jonathan, 104.
Mary, 179, 263.
Philinda, 318.
iBloeaom, David 0., and
fiunUy, 109.
D. G., 41, 189, 187,
168.
Hiram, 88.
Joseph, 100.
Paulina, 861.
Beth, S, 60, 801. 147.
and flEtmily, 169.
Wm.,andfiunily,160.
William, Jr., 111.
Blowers. Andrew J., 88.
Bombazine lake, 6.
Bond, Abigail, 864.
Both,81.
Boniioy, Blijah, 170.
B.^., 141.
George W., 867.
Rev., 866.
Boomer, Anna, 818.
Border war, 116.
Bostwick, Henry, 111,
171.
Noble 0., 88, 88.
Royal B., 38.
Bondlnot, Bllas, 143, 856.
Bourn, Cellnda, 190.
Charles W., 88, 100.
Fanny, 168.
t
iulncy, Irr, 148.
)t)urt,69.
uiid family, 168.
Robert 8., m.
Sheldon, 67, 103.
William, 147.
Blin, Lucy, 207.
Blood, Elder, 148.
Blossom, Abigail, 360.
Allen, 230.
Benoni, 211.
Lydia, 306.
Nehemlah, 365.
N.W.,166.
Bowker^lvlra, 846.|
Boyce, William, 160.
Boynton, Albert A., 160,
171,801,318.
Ziba.149.
Brace, Jonathan, 41, 67,
103, 108, 187.
and ikmlly, 170.
Bradford, Joseph, 189.
Wm., 69, 188.
Bralutree school houae,
76.
Branch, Daniel, 11, 80,
l'h),820.
Joseph, 170, 949.
Miner, 170.
PhlUnda, 168.
Braymer. Ann, 338.
Jacob, 316.
Brayton, Daniel, 146.
Brewster, Joanna, 177.
Brewster place, 160.
Timothy. 40, 143,170.
Brick hotul, i«3.
school luHiH0,146.
tavern, 145, 190.
Bridges, 113.
Bright, Julio, 191.
Bromley, Adams L., 87,
98, 116, 176.
Mrs. A. L., 189.
A. W. 230, 281.
DanielH.,42,98.
Indbx.
278
Bromley^ Daniel W., 98,
Fayette, 189.
Frances, 210.
Geo. W., 85^00.
HlRsHoloii W.,68.
Mt8eiTane.68.
Jerome B., 89, 109,
108, 176.
Lovinq, and flimtly,
85, 171.
Bronson, Abraham, 145.
Brooke, Ilolotia, XU.
ZIlpa, SOS.
Broiu^hton, Bbenezor,90.
Bro^vti, Asnnudo. 31]^
m-isny, IfMx, OTl,
Culifltn, no.
CoL. 12, 1 (J.
]>Arii6l, 240.
Bltlpr.t'lS. 143.
Ely lib, an, \m. ^m.
All Hi fninllj, 171.
El noli ne, liTia.
GcTrj, 39, 171, m*
Jfimei} Bh, 09^ 111.
Jckhn, a, St.
Jnbii'f^ widow, 1S8-
Mnrpbnri, 31?, IM, 333.
MIHou, m. 40, 4i
Satbaii, SC3.
ItTiPPolJ, 173.
Sfioly, fti\ nfl, IIB, 144.
Mm. SpuV, a.'S.
Booly Sri, 17a.
Brjiin*;, Polly, 3B6.
Hnck!uy, FjiyetlD, W.
Bniriim. Dnvlil M., 23.
Bullrlcr,. emlnfflit, t7ft>
BoSlditip II Jong, 106.
Bnlhlciy, nnnry, 317.
Burguynti obfltracted, IS.
BiiilaV, flrflt, im
Durch, Port or, 173.
Bumhtim, B. B., 147.
Jacobs 1^1.
John. 2IW,
S. A„ (H.
Bami^, JubT], 23.
fljlvealer, ^.
BuiTDimhFi, ThomoA, S8,
Bart, Geo. W., 173, 2ST.
Bufton rnritv ^^,
Bimori, 0, 3Sf, 1(10, 173,
259.
Bnebee, Jeremiah, 178.
Boahee. Jeremiah, 86, 40,
.101.
Loroy S., 98.
Orlando. 98.
Baehnol), Beni^ah, 189,
178.
BtiibTiell, Bftlly, 393.
Sarah, SSS,
Biitlor'fl Hftnecirp^ 262.
Bmt, Samuel, 13f|, 139.
Bntte, Ruth, in. I
BiLxtoii^ Unmiah, S0@.
UBiiry II>, 07.
Ctunpbcll, lifiv* ALoian-
der, Jin.
Ofim|t tiimiLliii^, I'R
CiiiMsn, AhmrHi 9-1,
Cnrdliig mat'.! 1 1 110, Tjfl,
Cftrpcjilof, Lnclui M,, JfT,
4J,45, IfJO, 11&, 178,
180,946.
Carpentere, 267.
Garter, David, 189.
Carver, Betsey, 200.
Charles W., 89, 267.
Chester L., and fii-
miltr, 174.
David, 86, 41, 101, 148.
and &mily, 174.
Bgbert H., 68.
John, 21, 174.
Lydia, 196, 264.
Lucy, 196.
Nathaniel. 20, 178,
184.
Mrs. Nathaniel, 104.
Olive, 210.
Castle, Charles D., 97.
David, 40.
Peter, 28.
Cathcart, Lnther, 949.
Cattle, 195.
breeding, 60.
driven to Boston, 99.
Cavalry, 86.
Cavanangh, James, 28.
Cemeteries, 116.
Census, 129, 967. 908.
Centenarian, 219, 288.
Ctiandler, Caroline, 291.
John L., 100.
Chapin. Bmily, 160.
Charitable contributions,
121.
Charter, 9.
Chase, Lomnol, 160.
Mrs. Ijemnol, 101
Cheese casks, 01.
fiictories,66,164,260.
large, 216.
makinff, 126.
pan, 245.
Chester, Rev. Mr., 141.
Childs, Sarah, 258.
Chi^oan^ QjrTLB, 100, 176.
Lemuel, 40, 41, 42, 99,
100, 180, 174, 284.
Chlpmans, 89, 100.
Chittondon,Bev.Bethael,
144.
Chnrcb. Daniel. 109; 103*
Edinccfi* ind.
ilJBtory, 138-
MtifllC^ 71, 05.
SnbacrSptlonH 130.
Obarcbll], Gtlliert, 100.
OllTor, SO.
Claim, MflrlA, 939. \
PlUniDT, 315.
Clark. Anroi^, KS,
Altn, IJW, ftlQ.
AjiioUa. 73-
Ancr^mctta, ITl.
AbaK^O, and family,
m.
Mm. AE^hbel, 104.
Camlinc. IBS.
Catbarlno, S54.
Gorilla, im.
DaninL SB, 10^ 180,
and fnmilT, 170.
Eliflhfi 20, at, ST, 268.
Rm} lamlly, 175.
E]ieha,Jr. 40.
Fiteb B,, 3(J, 111, i4fi.
and fiimlLy, 17&<
Geot^c, 151.
Harriet, 171.
Hunry W*, SS.
Ho race, 49, 97, 177,
253.
Irene, 2^0.
Jano^ 174.
JcremJalij 138, 14&
Jubii, Hg,
John M., 30, 153, l&i
lin, 258.
JoBcpb, 35, 178.
LabAii,110.
IjluraB., ITl.
Lemuel, 3P, 40.
Lucretia, ^3.
Marenret, SOfl.
Marr^tta, 103, 231.
MurLba, Tf3.
Mary, 219.
marc Ann, ^E93.
McrrlUW*, 197.
Nancy, 17ft.
Ok] an, S£i, 87, m, 40,
aad family. 175.
Mii. Ozfas, iOi
FblUp, %6.
Bobert, 111, 110.
and ramilf 410.
BoHweli, 193.
ftalij, 187.
Sino, ^9.
Wm., SO, 203, 265*
Wllaon, 17S, 918.
Clayton, Alox-^ 00, 20(k
Kldor,149.
274
Pawlbt.
aergrmeiLMe.
deYelond, Ool. Angnstiu,
and 'sons. 61.
Anrelia, 967.
David, 86, 40, 177,
Dayld A., 178.
John, 86, 100.
John, Jr., 100.
Mrs. Lather, 101
Moses, and funUy,
177.
Mrs. Mosoa, 104.
Palmer, 40, 164, 177,
816.
Rebecca, S67.
Olock, 161.
Cloth dressinff, 68.
Ctobb, Abial, m
Abigail, 946.
Da^el, 147.
Drae, m.
Bbenezer, 144.
Blkanah, 40, 06, 170,
188, ia.
Gideon, 40.
and flimiiy, 178.
Howell, 179, 961.
James, 170.
Jane, 176.
John, 86, 80, 40, 116,
189,178,9d6.
Joshua, 86, 160, 176,
178.184.
JoshaaD.,86,86,40,
128,149.
Rachel, 186.
Robert. 206.
WiUail21,86,89,60,
119, 170.
Oobnm, Lonisa M., 900.
Ctole, Bamuel, 148, 170,
Coleman,' Lanra, 990.
Beymonr, 140.
OolonlBtB to Jafliii, 169.
Oolnmbian minstrel, 49.
Ck>lyin, Bnoch, 68, 109,
170.208.
Oombe, Blder, 148.
Ck)mstock, Willard, 98.
Oonant, Fanny, 288.
John. 91, 86.
and fiimily, 180.
John 0., 144.
MarciiL 267.
Miss Maria, 68.
RufQB, 148.
RufQB P., 148, 180.
Ck>ngdon, Althea« 166.
Ck>ngregationalcharches,
Congrega'tionalists, 186,
m, 144, 150. i
Oonlln, John, 23.
tlon.il.
OojistiniptloQ, 101.
Coettimeti, aticlcifit, 06,
CooJE. Allaq, iTtJi 180.
Chloo, lOO.
Bllutan B., 41.
E[>hmim, 130.
Bm^muii 0., 186.
njirvcy, Hfl,
Jam OH, 111, 170.
John, m, im,
tiamiiul, 170.
eimi^on E„ 33, S9.
TiLaaA., '10,mi69c
miea.
Cooley, Win., Ifll.
CorniJll, Elder, US.
Cotton nictory, 1G3.
mlJl, fifgL. 175.
aplunjpg, ]l»t, 331.
Condroy, Oliver. ISl,
Wiirtdii A., iOt>, ISO.
Comid]. of ccoaorB, 41,
of Baft ty, 14, 38.
Ctitinty jLulgoe, 41
Covcll, OtiiLGtal, ^m.
Co^B, ptlca or, 126.
Qay, hi^nl 237.
Cfoi, Roburt, 20, SO,
Jamee, Q2SI.
Oapo, AJiltiti B., 190.
fanny, %i2.
John, 14(1, 181.
Mt8. John, 104.
Crawford, Ell^i^ 140.
John, as.
Crocker, Jauicb, 108.
JtjJiiL 140.
JoB^an, 1^.
and family, 181.
Km. tTosLab, lOi.
Q'boinaa, 35.
Cropa^ 65.
Croaby, Klo&znr, 177, 181.
laaoc, 35, S64,
Ciouch, Ell^nbQth, 143.
Itbamar, ISl.
John, 148.
Phlnaai), asid fbmEly,
183.
Bamh sm.
Orowltiy. Jiicliaol, 93.
garnli, SOL
CalTer, Albert, 37h
Amanda, liQ,
Eraatufl, 1S3,
Jf.nhlo, 18.
Loniee. flfl. 357.
Qainnul, 313.
and famiJy, IB^
CaJTCf, S<Jtb B., 27,
Cartlfl, Anioa, 1^.
Bttvid, SI a,
El dad, 133.
AAron, laa.
CDfibman, Citbarlne, 380,
Dauitil F., 116, 189,
S4a, SBfj;
Widow, 23*.
Cnstomfl, on.
Damon, Qeorg© B., 1S8.
DanzL, Iiaziiel, 76.
Dun forth, Elkouab, 110.
Marv, 301.
Datiby, town of. 5.
Davit;, Laura, S-iT.
Ijuihcra, 3^.
Mary, IMJ,
Day, Gbsrles, 181
Dean. Danfortb, And At-
WtlUam, ai3.
Decker, CliarlotUi, £58.
Doer plouty, 8T.
Delout', MHiia H.. 23,
Hon to, Mary IS. S5t>.
Don bam, Jacob J.,. %\2.
B(^nlson, Aaa, 183, m
Donoftll htnd, J 10.
Dlptrmria, lOU
Dtirby, lltia^ ., aud fiunlty,
138.
Jamiifl C, ISS.
Sella, as*.
Derive Lion of name, 6.
niinughaia^ KoubtiQ, 37.
Stepheji, !j^i3.
and funilly, lfi3.
Dbclplea^ Cliurt^h. 110,
137, 14S, 161, 103,
Sie, 330.
DleGaaoti, bO.
DiHtElluLloii,oa.
Dutlgu, Eblur, 141,
DoimUon fodtLvala, 1^.
Donnolly. Edward, 39.
IkiolLttlfl, EliakJm, 7L
Dorset mo uiUubi4, 5.
Downa, David, 3^1^.
Draku, £;ic1rkTL'i»C.,14a.
Duncan, Will Lnm, ^1.
D anion, Aiidroiv, 157.
Diirllnif, Edwai>d, 33.
Dtitton, Calvin, 18't.
Dwtlllueij, rndii, 00.
iJyur, raltiior, 146, 184.
Karl I, William, Ul.
Baatman, widow, !^1.
Edgc-twil tnanufactary,
60.
Edgerion^ Abmkam, 49.
Alta, 330.
Augiiatua, S39.
lkiu«y, l^.
Index.
276
Xdgerton, Charles F., 86,
S, 60.
andfiunily. 186.
Lieat Charles M.,
27.
Charlotte, 180.
Chester, 108, 186.
Esther, 167.
Qeoi^e, 08.
Hannah, 168, 178.
Jacoh^«l,80,48,168,
and family, 186.
Jedediah,8l,86, 180,
John. 80.
and fomily, 186.
John L., 67, 107, 185.
Joshua, 100, 185.
Joseph K., 108.
Kate, 169.
Louisa, 268.
Lydia, and flunily,
178.
Ifarson, 08.
Mary, 61, 68.
Hisses, 78.
Philena,286.
Beed, 07, 186, 228.
Lieut. Bollin A., 27.
Sallv. 286.
Sheldon, 41, 42, 168,
186.
Bimeon, SI, 40, 41,
142.
and family, 184.
Mrs. Simeon, 104.
Simon. Jr., 86, 40,
and fiimily, 186.
William U., 27, 67,
100.
Education, 66.
Blection cake, 01.
first. 118.
Ellsworth, Mary, 161.
Elwell, Caroline, 297.
Emigration, 63.
Episcopal Church, 186,
Erans, Ahiathar, 21, 104,
loo, 187.
Bvarts, Jon. T., 267.
Everest, Zadoc, 16, 40, 41,
118, 187
Ererett, Betsey, 78.
Harrison, 176.
Expressman, 171.
Factory buildine, 162.
Fair, first, 122.
Fairfield, Wm., 9, 187,
260.
Family sketches, 166.
Farewell hymn, 182.
FBrmerB,267.
Farr, A. A., 147.
Farrar, David, 181, 187.
Harcia, 280.
Fay, Jonas, 100.
Dr. Jonas, 187.
Fever and ague, 101.
Field, Asa, «), 130, 246.
Sev. ,147.
Fine of tory, 16.
Finney, Angella, 268.
Lyman, and flGunlly,
Fish, John, 23.
Fisher, Ogden. 27.
Timothy, 21.
Fitcb.Abial, 100.
^. A.UMM, J
Alice, 190.
Anna, 176. 232.
Asahel, 80, 60, 190.
Bei^min, 35, 40, 41.
and fomily, 190.
Mrs. Benjamin, 104.
Betsey, 246.
Braman, 227.
DanieL 40, 189, 162,
and fiunily, 188.
Daniel J., 188.
Daniel, Jr., 178.
Daniel H., 189.
Dorastus, 42, 60, 97,
142, 171.
and iamily, 191.
Elisha, 40, 137.
Sphraim, 42, 47, 48,
%7. 109, 111, 161,
168, 189, 225.
Eunice, 268.
Fayette 8., 108.
Ferris, 67, 142.
Kev. F. 191.
John, 85, 86, 177, 188,
190.
Joseph, 80, 40, 189,
171, 180.
mills, 188..
Moses P., 42, 48.
Nancy, 268.
Rachel, 175.
Ruftis, 139.
Sibel,176.
Silas, 97, 190.
Sina^74.
CoTWm., 21,85,87,
40,41,97,118,198,
280.
and flunily, 188.
Fitches, 82.
Flax-dressing mill, 60.
Flour for army, 16.
Flower, Anson, 191.
Brook, 7, 60, 114.
Brook Co., 69.
Brook manufiictaring
Co., 168.
Flftwera, Bjran, IQO.
FogArty, John, 2-L
Forge f, Daniel, iU, 366,
Bunice. 103.
Fradcrtck, SM.
Thomas, SDT.
Fnrbce, Annd, WW.
Ford, ^, 147.
Fort^-acrd Lotn, ID.
Foater, Ira, Sft-
Fnidenbiirgb, Mr., 09.
FmncL?. .Tared, !^.
Natlmtif 1S2.
FfFink, Align Ht us, IB,
FrtJcuineonry^ 151,
FrOL'inau'i!!. Qicc;Liii^jlll.
Preach iitifl Iiidiiui War,
11, 31.
Marr, 233.
Friends Society, 13T, 160.
Frlflbec. Jnhu M,. IbL
Zfldoc, 336.
FriiU crnwlug, 50,
Frnry t ridge, fi!>, 196,
Fuller, John, 139.
Fiiffl, W.
Unlaslui, AEnDB, £1, 60.
Game, 87.
tiurrott, C&millit, ISO.
Ucucrnl nABombly, 41.
Giiulogy, 100.
Gcorgu, Emelhie, 174.
Gibb«, Altn, 327.
J^mce n.^ 114.
Ira, 111.
^cbiilon, and fomflT,
19L
GLftord, <^idcoti, ai, 104,
Cniit. Noah, 4, Si, IQS.
Warren^ 34.
G[]bert, a C, 147.
Gt]i3s, Bnutun F., IIS,
11^.
Kbelifiier, 21, lOB.
ElpbraiiD, 23T.
LtitT, aao.
QUha Cliarcb, <>6.
Gone, William, 140.
Qoodepecd, Aarou. 67,
m
Arlhui, £54.
CIilDC, 208,
BArry, SaSv
JoBiiih, 211, iia.
Lola, 1IV7.
Mliifirva, !Nti.
peter, fil,
BaiTniuL and f^ULiir,
laa,
BjlTla, 103.
276
Pawlbt.
€kx>dqwed, Zeoaa, tL CtaOderj
CkwdalLDiiTld. »&
Goodridi, Vi^ba, 169.
Im,9S.
Jonathan, 9B1.
Hancj.lSO.
Both,»9.
Sarah, 901, »8.
Sarah Ann, 114.
Gonld, .U.
Giant,LewlaA.,18i
Peter, M.
Cfanmtee of town, 9, S68.
€fanmTille,6.
QraTlfai, Joaeph, M.
CtoTea. Amos, 19S.
A. k. 07, 108,1^
Ber. Allen, 75.
Qnjj Jamoa W., 188.
Jeaae O., 97. 188.
Joacphlno, 178.
Bey. WUliam, 147.
eraen, Beriah, 88, 198.
Benah,Jr.,fl7,l^
]der,Alonn.M.
Wanaeey.,k.
Giil]lbrd,Fi7^17K.
J. 8., 198, 191.
Elder, 148.
George, 94.
JonaQian 8., 86, 14SL
y, Alfired, 100.
Lacy, i88. '
Minerva, 101
Nardsea, 186.
Silaa, 86, 186.
SylYanna, 87. 89, 40,
61,104,12)9,188.
and fSfunily, 194.
suae, 01.
Grist-mill, 196, 989.
first, 102, 188.
red, 961.
Griswold, Alta, 928.
Betsey. 160.
Blizabcth, 186.
Fanny, 186.
&ther, 95.
Harriet, 186.
Barry, 86, 89, HI,
143,106.
John, 47, 48, 68, 71.
188, 189. 141, 151,
178, 916, 909, 228.
and fomily, 105.
Mrs. John, 104.
Sally. 191.
Sophia, 228.
Grocera, 268.
Guild, Chauncey, 146.
Bunlce^Tl.
James W., 24.
John, 40, 08, 152.
and family, 100.
I^aptbali, 162.
HalL Daniel H.. 190.
I)aniel H.,ir.,M.
FatleBGeTiaT.
PoUy, 104, 907.
JameaL^M.
llkOBiaa,149L
SeldraX, 94,99.
Zeriah,900.
Hamhlin, Seis. Lorln, tL
Nathan!^ 108, 106.
Hiuniltonlan horse, 194.
Hammond, OordeUa, ITSi
Franda D., 94.
Mr., 918.
Hancock, Amaaa, tl.
Elder, 14&
Nancy, 910.
Hanks, Aranah, 197.
Mrs. Aronah, 104.
Amnah, Jr., 988.
Catharine, 964.
FecitaB,07.
Fidelia, 961.
Franks., 94.
Galnsha,18S,197.
George G.. 94, 99.
Hanuah,148.
Jaryie, 91.
Joseph, and Jhmlly,
Leyi,*97.
Martha^78.
MIltonH., 97.
Oliyer. 40, 49, 71.
and fitmily, 190.
Oliye J., 958.
Walter S., 94.
Wm.. 59.
and fiunilj, 190.
Hannah, Ahel, 100.
Hare, Sarah, 961.
Hard times, 70.
Harlow, Caroline C, 908.
Jndsou B., 98.
Lucy, 174.
8ylvia,157,
Harmon, Clara, 104.
Dianthe, 201.
Bzekiel, 21, 89, 40,
68, 189, 149, 197,
246.
Bzekiel, Jr., 100.
George W., 41, 109,
103.
Ira, 103.
Joel, 21. 40, 41, 71, 97,
187,139. 142,199.
Joel, Jr., 86, 40,
47, 40, 200.
Lydla, 107.
Hannon, Merit, (T.
Nath&iiiet, 41, KB;
1U3. un, MO.
and rua[h- !98L
Dr. O, L. i6Cl 198.
Befib«ii,9L
HannoDA, m.
DanHkuL, LoTlce^SSL
H*«^*— make!f«, IflOQ.
Bait AJvdBDD, 9T.
SBrmod, John, 1«; 996.
Jufftoa W., H
LoIb, 310.
Dtla W., ftl
H, J., 199. S3».
BascBll, Alice, 19&
Asa, 103.
Claik,l99L
Bey. Daniel, 0T,14B,
300.
David A., 3iJ0.
Jofl^fih, 40, 41, 149,
and feiaOy, 199,
Mrs. jQBvph, loi.
LcbbeuB, tl, 108.
Bolph, 103.
tana, ^14.
nsBcallB. m.
Uofithiga, i^ppollofi^ 900.
Hciimn, Mk iOl, 968.
Datd. ni.
Hawkins, Miss Oxraelia,
Eiley.ano.
Hawley, WaUlatoo, 908.
Hay .Archibald, 251. '
JamoB, 3J.
Hayes, Jainoe, 18T.
Haynea, Itt^v. LftraneL
14G,
HftyTyartl^ Ebenezer, 01.
Uriel n., *^,
HayBt&ck mountain, 6,
50,35L
ll^^ticliltt, Barah^ 235.
Henry, Andruw, 40, 9G^
IBU, SOI.
apple, aOL
JefTrtiy J., ^1.
Heneihaw. Ellxubclh, 109.
Htitrlck. Alta, 171,
BavpaKI, m.
Mra., SIS.
Ilorrick's linngGrg, 19,
15, m, ff?, 157, 988.
Hprriiig, SitBuii, J 01.
llkkH, Kdinupii, £4.
llil^Ldiief ^ndiick, t£il.
IXIgbwuyiu, ll3i«
Indbx.
277
HID J^ofotliy, SOa-
Dean Goorpo* 160*
Nftthnnioi, al, atn.
l^f^L Jr., 201.
Phebo, 229.
Vcatft, lOL,
HlUhcflCk, A. F„ 199.
HltL Galen R, 103,
John E., 100.
Jlnrj, aia.
BmLb, DO, lee.
and fbmU jf ^1,
Hogs, iin.
Holbrook, L. 0., 183.
Mr., 948.
HoUister, Albert B., M.
AshbeL 40. 69.
and ramily, 903.
Mm. AshlioL 104,
A. 8„ 303.
Culvlrt, im.
David, 143.
EHJ4h, St>t
FraucfaS., 343,58.
rranklin, W,
FredorJck M., 9??, 88.
Hlc], 41, 43, 9S.
and ramify, 903*
Inaettjil, ao, 40, 48,
111, IW, »1B.
and fatnllj, 303,
Mftrvia, 103.
Willie, IL, 24.
Holmes, HuUfieii K, 160.
HopklnB, Ervin, 40, 68.
904.
James, 40, 108, 183,
904.
Capt. James, 91.
Margaret, 960.
Mir&m, 143.
Nancy, 943.
Horr, Angenette, 168.
John, 167.
HorBes,194.
Hosford, Henry B., 41,
Mrs.. 939.*
Hotels, 111.
Hotel keepers, 968.
Village, 176.
Hongh, John, 141.
, 958.
Honghtaling, J. B. 146,
147.
Houghton, Br. A. 8., 906.
Charles, 100, 101, 906.
James, 08.
„ 8.A.,49,71,100.
House, Mercy, 948.
Houses of brick, 109.
Household manulkctnres
91,108.
Howard, Sewell Y., 94.
EllcD, 167.
ItoxaniL, 1&^*
Samuel, 14(1.
Boy. Rlchaol, Jr,, !7l.
Hovt, Fowler W., ©4,
Hunbard, Anna, 101.
^^. 147,
Htibbevrdton battle, 6.
Hngpine, Wm, R., 304.
HuTott, AlKina, m,
CheaUsr O., 94,
DaialflL 31, 111, 104,
905.
Daalol, Jr^ And ftuni-
ly, 309.
DoWltt, in.
Dyer, 306, 235.
Galon L.j SOU.
Joshna, 110, 300, 398.
JoBhuo, Jr., 30,
Nanfiy, 171.
OrllUs 311.
F^ul 40, aa, 145.
and family, 306.
PanllDa, 169.
Warren E., 34,
Hull, Mr., 3^.
Hnmpbroy, Jobn O., 94.
Hunt, Nji I ban I el, 103,188.
llnrd, Jk'thel, 113.
Mary, sm.
Hntlbut, Aahbol and
fnailly, 20*^
Catharfno, ^.
Lncr B., ea
Sally, 345.
Walter, 1{XJ.
IIutcb1n?H lipiijamln, 91.
Bulkley. 31, 30G.
Loli, Sin.
Watbmj, 31.
Uydo, As^irlnh, 67, 141.
306, 346.
CharleP B., 34,
Elijah, 1M.
Lie at., Id.
Independent Church, 137
llfj 349,350.
Indtan fleWlDfr ground, 80.
Mil, 11.
preacher, 31A.
river, ra, 106, 107.
Kiver Valley Hotel,
113.
Indians, U.
hatred pf, 01.
It]fantry, ll^ht, 35.
Infrnlpbco, Levi, 330.
Inicnncnt^ llrnt, 115..
Jadh CJiluhlRU, 103.
JounlnpBi JoBcpli, aW.
Walter, Dfi.
Jsweti, Stephen, 146.
24
Johnson, Austin, 149.
Campbell.lOO.
Chlpman K., 961.
Elisabeth, 906.
F. and L., 61.
George, 94, 99.
James, 86, 111.
and family, 907.
J. Q., 94, 99, 136.
Leonard, 97, 41, 48.
Jones, Asa 8., 87, 68.
Bulah, m.
Catharine, 168.
Charles, 89.
Bphralm, 60, 160.
and family, 906.
Frank, 97, 100.
Franklin, 969. •
Jane, 170.
Joel, 68.
Joseph, 908.
Mrs. Joseph, 104.
Lewis, 169.
Parker, 160.
8Uas.90.
and family, 908.
8llas,Jr..964.
Judson & Baker, 06.
Nathan, 67, 100,168.
Dr. Nathan, 900.
Eeeler, Fanny, 964.
Klegwln, Joseph, 166.
KeUy,Holden.m
Judith, 949.
Lydla, 906.
Mrs., 109.
Roswell, 146.
EendaU, Mary, 908.
Zuba, ITf.
Kennedy, B. A., 189.
Kent, Miriam, 904.
Sylyester, 100.
widow, 966.
Kleman,John, 147,909..
Klllam, Sarah, 994.
KelYla, William, 96.
Jl W., 321,
Kingdley, CIiatIbh M., 94.
Ellas, 930.
Kinney, Mlnorva, 164.
Kirby, Jtihn, 150.
Kitcliel, Alpon L., 94.
Knapp, Margaret. 188.
KDlgbtB, Gfitjrgfl W,, 309..
LacSey. Jamoft, ^4.
Lalnir, Tboniap, 348, 149^
Lamb, T^lcbolas. M. #
Lamn^on, Trnman, 309..
Miner, 00.
LoBd-jobbcrB, 10.
Lftsolf, Abby II., 106..
Amanda^ IBO.
Laeear, I^nliBte, 94.,
278
Pawlbt.
tMb0t FimiT, 100,
15tt, 170, 174, SIM,
arid liimllj, 309,
mid Cbuilly, SIO.
miul bUDHy, no.
Martin V., Stia,
60.
Ias^, Em EDA, S&T.
l^nLQiml, ail.
Mury, 7!l.
|«i±aih^wcl;]i, J11IL&, lfl8,
LKonani^ Jacob, 147*
Lucy. StSl,
Llccn^u, CHrolIne, SOI.
Lime, 01.
LliicA/ln, MLda L^tUo T..
hjkL ftiinllT, SIC.
Local Oovtimment, 33.
Ltlorature. 47.
Politics, 13.
Longe^Jty 1(H, 283.
LocjiMcr, Joetep'b, 100.
Luouiliit Anukf 17B.
tfLwbanrB., 1)3.
CftrHllCii, 214.
Duhftmlj, SOU.
ELlJuli M.^aud fUmll^,
OuorKen.,2n.
atd. A., 8fi, ^^, 179.
uud famUj^f 2lU
LncK 11^'
Mutt, 253.
Natminlul^ and Aim)-
iy, Sill.
Olfviir, and fmnilyi
. m.
■ OrKlt2, Sll, S33;.
Owen, -37.
Loti, prlctof, 10^
Lotcland, Lfdla, 1«S.
- Fj, NatW 1
m. Sii
Loonitbiir]
LowelL EUJer, Ma
Lnmbard^ Abuor, 3, 5ft,
and Cunilj, tit,
Mrv. Abocr.lOl
C!Ticiitcr. Sit.
Jnlla, aSfiL
LfmJU), Kleitxar, 111, 9QSL
Lyou^ liafisatif ITl.
J&cub, 173.
and flunily. tlS.
Ljdia, ^1*
Mr., 151.
N<tniiaD.,3f^
McArtbar. Pnnklln 6.,
SKt, 39.
McFafldftii, Jacob. 37, «S«*
Siei>bt:n, G!, 144*
And rumily, £14*
McHrinWj MlcbaeL, 35, 39.
McDankiA, Of^Q. Ibwu:,
S»7.
JatDA8, lGft«
Nancy, lea.
MoOratb, Dantol, SSI
Jjini«?ii, 25, 30.
Patrick, as*
HcKuTina, Edward^ Stt.
ThtiDiaa, 1^,
McNaugbton, Flndley,
40, 1**. 315.
McWaln, KllmnaDi, and
tlmiUy, Ulfi,
Emil)^, 1U5.
iMTuy B.. tT,
NattiAulel, ?T*
Macumbur, wyman L*,
25.
MfiWhortcrj CftfoUno,20a,
Ma^Ht, S. O. A., 35.
UabcF, J^metiT Itnd Iktnl-
ly. 31^.
Man, unkiiuwn, ^k
Mannlnj^, Occir^a, :^*
Ainnufi^rtuTCiB, ^, ^68.
MaiiuJaf^tLirUig compa-
nlf^Ej, 15tf.
Map nf tnw^iiblp, SOft.
SI^rliEi, ConiwcD and tb.-
mi I J, Sia
Mrs. Q^mwall, 104,
ElUm^, OB, ni.
Ira. Ut^ UO, 4S, {fO, 01,
OB.
Kcuben, 08.
Markets, US.
MatirJa^e castomi, 03.
Marrtaee, AnI, 1»T.
MarabSt, Jotm W^ 100,
Hanb, Wip* 89; tl4
Martin, Job H., 97.
OcM». D*, iUl, 114.
Maaon, Jamea N., 19V,
ai4.
Jovl A., ^ 133.
Mattis, Dtnab, la
Mcacham, Abmbam, !^
215*
Cftpt* Aaa, %UL
Taaac. 1S9.
eila^, 100*
Ool. Thoa., S1&
WiUard, 103.
Mead, 147.
Meadow »^ ItfJ.
MticbaracA, m.
Mt'i^ker, Ctrui», 147*
Cbariea, 108, 21**
Sarah, 105.
Menoua, Paul, 215.
Merrill, ,100.
Mdsaeijgej', horee^ 1^*
Merchant, o^deat, 23B.
Morcbaiitfl, 90, ^ca
MetbodJdt c^aaa, 143.
Cbupch, im, 110, 133,
145, 140.
Tac*Uk], 00*
Mettnweu Acutlcmjr, 110;
BlvcT, 7*
Mexl^n vrar, ^ St
MlcbaeUMaiy, lyi*
Middle mouuuiin, &
Miller, Lncy, im.
Martha, 202.
William, 151, 214*
Wmiam A., 147.
Miiu, Aiitiii, aaa.
Mlllwri^^itri. 2(18.
Mil Mary 4tahou, 11.
MiUtla, liHAl, ai*
valunt€<^ra, 31.
MlAtfluiiary, c&rly, SIG.
MLn^r, Kev* BiicrmaiL
147*
Minister. Orat, 105.
Mlhk akliiB, 80.
MofTiitt, Jntil, 130.
Momtt. Hi ram, 37.
Jlidab.ao*
and mmilj, ^0.
"HiA. Joduh, lOL
Luther, 87,
Mniiroti, Aaa A., 43,
ICO, ai7.
Aaa L., 35, 30.
Atbtrton, as.
Isaac, 07, 100.
Index.
279.
, Moffltt .TeBse, 149, 343.
' andfamUy,817.
^ Jonathan, 61.
Jo8iah.30.85,40,160.
and family, 316.
Mary, 338.
Nelson, 67.
R. G., 68, 100, 317,
346.
Wm.* 178, 198.
and fiunily. 316.
Montague, Adonljah, 317.
Montgomery, Hugh, 31.
Moore, Grove, 199.
Henry J., 317.
Lemuel, 36.
Mark S., 35.
Mary A., 353.
SUa8,167.
Morgan, Ilnldah, 188.
Mormons, 187, 160, 181,
313, 314.
Morrison, Alma, 354.
Orvllle.100.
Miranda, 384.
Moeelev. Abisha, 40, 100,
Dr., ioo.
John^.
Mosher, Elder, 148.
Thos. O.. 35, 80, 331.
Mother of 18 childlren,
351.
Mothers, 103.
Mountains, 5, 6.
Music, 09.
MuBkratB,89.
Murphy, James, 35.
Murray, Francis. 80.
Nelson, B. H., 148.
Emeroy, 308.
Jane, 197.
John W.. 350.
Nohcmiah, 185, 361.
Samuel W., 35.
Newton, Thomas, 36.
Thos. T., 368.
New York controversy,
17. 116.
Nichols, C. C, 133.
Calvin's., 85. '
Norcross, Sarah, 366.
North Mountain, 5.
Norton. Theron, 60, 98,
James, 188, 370.
Sylvester, 98.
Nye, Edward, 35, 360.
. Rev. Jonathan, 168.
Timothy, 318.
Mrs. Timothy, 104.
Oatman, Sylvia, 330.
Oldest inhabitant, 106,
313.
OldB, Abel Wm 140, 818.
cutt Hugh,
Orr, MaJ. Geo.. 318.
Geo. S., 83, 86, 80,
181,330.
Horace J., 85.
John A., 48, 98, 806,
356.
Moses E., 33,36,181,
830.
Orvis, Elihu, 06. 330, 361.
Joseph U., 330.
Ottarson, John, 318.
Otter, 80.
Packer, Joseph, 147.
Page, Martha, 304.
l*ttlntcrs.3(».
Pardee, Amos, 145.
Parker, Mary, 356.
Parris, Hannah, 180.
and flimily, 330.
Levi, 87.
Menitt 0., 35.
Partridges, 80.
Patterson, Levi, 35.
PauL Alva, 100, 101.
Hulett, 140.
Phlneas, 87.
Pawlet Academy, 191.
band, 176, 310.
Manuf. Co., 60, 176.
river, 7.
Pearl, Col. Stephen, 87,
40,.06, 111, m
Peat field, 106.
Peck, D. P., 183.
Harriet, 310.
Joseph, 366.
Pelton, Charles, 31.
Penfleld, Amorette, 164.
Deacon, 353.
Franklin, 176.
Horace, 86.
John, 143, 336.345.
and (hmily, 831.
John, Jr.. 168.
Mary Ann, 198.
Pentony, John, 35.
Pensioners. 30.
Pepper, Asnbel H., 37.
ChfumceyP., 188.
and &mUy, 383.
Esther, 193.
Lovina, 197.
John,and fiunily, 831.
Mary, 303.
Narcissa,183.
Simeon, 80. 366.
and family. 831.
Perham, Charlotte, 854.
Merritt, 35.
Perkins, Jacob, 116.
and fiimily, 823.
Mrs. Jacob, 104.
Lucy, 197.
BaAifl,179.
Perkins; Wesley, 60.
Wm. P., 223.
', 147.
PcrlDdlcalft, 68.
P^ny, DavSd, 137.
IloxaDa, S54.
Phelpff, J. Wolcott, 181.
Mary, m^
MoiTltt C, m% 888.
Ilaehol 8., 2.(4.
Wra. U., ^10.
PhilUps, Achsa, 317.
Ardelia, 364.
Charles, 165.
Elkanah, 333.
Mrs. Elkanah, 104.
Photographer, 368.
Physicians, 99, 808.
Piaget, Louis, 866.
Pidgeons. 80.
Pierce, Wm., 188.
Pitkin, Sylvester, 86, 86,
m338.
Plumb, B.W., 67, 68, 141,
388.
Rev. Dr., 130.
Plunder removed, 16.
Poll tax commuted, 87.
Pomroy, John, 384.
Lucy, 801.
Oliver, 84a
Pond, artificial, 164.
Poor, David, 147.
Poor, support of. 114.
PopulaUon,139,367.
Porter, EWah, 101, 385.
John K., 103. 335.
Joseph, 40, 86, 143.
and family, 835.
Moses, 80, 97, 40, 101,
105, 189,143,171,
847,353.
and fbmily, 334.
Moses. Jr., 101.
Robert, 101.
Sally, 189.
Samuel, 338.
Porters, 83.
Post-masters, 43.
Post Office business, 60.
rider, 161.
Potash, 9a
manufacture, 67.
Potato culture, 105.
Starch Mill, 60.
Potter, Amanda, 183.
Betsey, 188.
Charles W., 48, 06,
101.
Capt. Wrniam, 80.
Wm., and Ihmily, 885.
Edwin, lOa
Fanny, 313.
Fayette, 88, 67, 103,
108.
280
Pawlbt.
Potter, Georg^lOl.
Hel^ L., m,
Jane, S84.
JoBhiia,40.4S, 80.
and flunUy, S98,
Keyee, S6.
Samnel, 100, 101.
and flunily, 996.
Samuel, Jr., 101.
William, 40.
Ponltry, 197.
Pratt, Alva, 86.
Dorcae, 100.
BllBha, 97, 106, 997.
Ervln,4a.
Brvin, and flunily,
997.
Hanrey, 180.
Henrietta, 918.
James. 90. 86, 40.
and umily, 996.
James, Jr., 86.
HarUn V. B., 48, 08.
Miner, 67, 08. 149.
Samuel, 90, m.
Prescott, Gustayns
A., 998, 969.
John C, 914.
Preston, Caroline, 999.
Jamon, 99. "'
Priest, Joelah. 90.
Prodncto,8.09,107,968.
Professional men, 156.
Provision barrels, 61.
Perham, Hubert, 96.
Pwrpl^G^. H., 86, 49,
Pntnam^ Betsey, 960.
Ifai7,967.
Rntn,960.
<hilnland, Michael, 97.
Rev., 147.
Raccoon, 80,
Railroad, 106.
RandiaVCaleb.901.
Hannah, 998.
Jonathan, 41. 110,
161, .168,^68, 998,
Mr., 164.-^
Rattler, horsd;494,' 107.
Ransom, Albert A, 993.
Rebellion of 1861, 99, 88.
Records, earliest, 0.
Redding, David, 18.
Red house, 119.
mill, 60.
school house, 160.
Reed, Annette, 964.
Calvin, 95.
Curtis, 168.
Eldbridge J., 95.
Bliakim, 999.
Bnoch, and fiimily,
990.
Ezra, 184, 990.
He«d, Bother, 1S6.
Isaac, 31, 330.
Jcdcclfah, 90, 88, 40,
laTj laa.
dtid fiiinny, 939.
rhilil), 30, 40, 38d,
giioM. leo.
And flLmllj. 939.
i Blmcon, 90, 105.
and biolly, ^^^
Solomon, BB.
Bominirton, IIciltt, IIQ^
Zflxloc, m.
EevoLutioiiary war^ 11,
iMt itqrvivorj 9»e,
tfuldiurH l»uilvd, 116.
Roynolild, Elder, 148.
L. P., 147.
Worden P„ 148, 149,
930.
Him Abf&l, S98.
Anns. ]6fl.
Catailiie, 953.
JamcB. 49, 43, 08.
and (kmlly, 990.
Wfliren, 97,
Hlchardeon, David, 359.
Kllcjy, :MiirL^arbt, M4.
IU[jlt)y, Edwutd 11., 139.
Kliidtin^ CattiarlDfl, 955.
Ribdoii, Daniel, 90.
JahiK ^.
Eielnts Mdry, 937,
RlvoT* and brook*, 7.
Roach, Anna, 391,
Minerva 961.
Boadg, width of, llSi,
Roberta lAimc U^,
Martettaj 937.
Robtst-tnou, fiarah J.^ 176.
RobLneoii, Abbott, 'M.
Ab^l Jli,.lti7.
and IbmlW, 999.
Clmunctiy 11,, 95.
and flimny^ 93^.
JamBaB.,97, ITT.
Janmii N., 2lQ^ 3S1.
Jonathan, 106, 159,
9S1.
JqUa G„ 911.
Laura B., ITl.
Mary, h% 64.
Nathaniel. 153.
ajid rainlly^ a.%.
Ca[it, NiUhl, aj.
Mrt9. NathanloL 105.
NatluMituL .Tr,, tB9.
and fatully, 331.
RobiciAon , Hatluuild ^
noiiiH, srr.
Uhoda, 954.
Rldiard, 9t.
aud family, 933.
Ro&aiina, 91 S.
■William a, 353,
Wm. B,, and tamlly,
£31,
Hogora, IDf^Ilverance, 188-
Elleha F., 49,
Sallna, ^.
RolUnj_Blbenez«r, 988.
Root, William. 39,
Eope walk, lal
Ro&ti. AblgBiJ, 3tiO.
Roger, 40, 118, 938.
Bamticl, 40, 151.
Rose, Rebecca, 30?.
Howe. Harvey, 913,
Illljpotr&toa, (IT, 143;
Wtriky, mm.
Rowlojultjon^ David and
nimiiy, 933.
Rowley, Lt:u T., S34.
Royal B, Benjamin B., SB.
Rnsscll, Charlea H., ST.
Rnpfcft, towp of, 5.
Rueb, QiiOTgc, 90.
and family, 383,
Rne(»o]L Cliarfce, S5,
RnUand and Wabblngton
rail road, 305,
SalibaLL itchnlan photo-
graphed, 14fl.
Bafldrd, Aimis, 35Q.
Eliza. 3a7.
Jonathun, 40, TOOL
101, IflT.
and HiiiLlly 933.
Joeepb B., 933, 350.
—.101.
Sage. BepK-», ICO.
s*mh,M:,4ob.
Bandera, 14t.
&u:^nt, DeHght, 149, 935.
Ilulon, T9.
Johii^ 91 35, 37, 40,
4l,6B,i00, im.
John.Jr,£rf,)(J0,l01.
and family, 9M.
Leonard, ICfe, 103,938.
Kalpb, 35.
Blloa, and family, 9%,
Warron B.. 07, JOCl
101,935,
Ravage, David, 193.
Baw mlllii, 00, I3S, 339.
Bchonl dl^trlcu, m.
fliud, 130.
boqee, 7S, 110.
Bcott, Cliarloa II,, 9S,
Jolm, 35; ni.
lUchord, W.
Indbx.
281
Scovill, Brastas, 96.
Scx>vUle, Hennr. 110.
Searlo^AmyUB., 96,253.
John, 147.
OU¥erL.,35.
Sears, Rhoda, 189.
Second Adventisto, 197,
161.
Semple, Marion, 988.
Selectmen, 40.
Settlement, oondltiona
o^ 8.
hindered, 10, 119.
Settiers, first, 9, 178.
from caastenbnry,
880.
principal, 958.
Shaw, Francis K, 95.
Ilarrfot, 263.
James M., 41, 123,
174, 948, 941
Mahala, 316.
Shears, ,147.
Shedd, Sarah, 168.
Sheep, 126.
Sheldon, Artemns, 101.
Cornelia, 180.
Hannah, 186.
Ucman, 328.
ITiram.101.
Joel, 184.
Joel H., 221, 380.
Joel. Jr., and fiunily,
Mary*.839. '
Nanpy?347.
.. Philehe.S97.
Phllo,' 186
Rhodav943.
SethTse, 40, 184, 386.
SetlL Jr., and fiunily,
Scth P., 71, 95.
Sihcl, 148.
Thaddeus D., 96.
Thomas O.. 48.
William, 96.
Sheridan, James, 36.
Shepherd, Fayette, 328.
Moses, 386.
Sheriff; 43.
Depoty, 43.
Sherman, FlonLl78.
Joeiah R., 178, 387.
Sherwood, Mary B., 368.
Shipherd, Fayette, ^ 88,
86. 1^, 386. ,
Shoemakers. 368.
._;, Joseph, "
Simonds, Alta, 314*
Short, Jo
,346.
Annis, 367.
Benjamin, 388.
Colonel, 14, 16.
Geoige O.. 36.
HwrfettSM.
Simonds, Jod, 40. 41, 113,
180,146,317.
Joel, and fiunily, 387.
Miss Joel, 106.
Joel, Jr., 80, 40, 348.
andflunUy, 387.
John, 360.
Jostin F., 14, 37, 89,
388.
Ossian H., 41, 387,
388, 31&
Patience, 180.
Tabitha, 346.
Sisco, Samuel, 148.
Skeels, Elder. 148.
Skinner, Ashbel, 180.
Skonks, 89.
Slave sentiment, 18.
Slaves, manumitted, 88.
Sloane, James, 86.
Smith. Alonzo, 178, 318,
841, 268.
Add, ^, 313.
• Arthur, S^H).
BgdodL, 41). &\ 141
and fJWniJj, S38.
Eadd IL, 97.
tiavid n., IK^.
Ell?;abcth, 238.
. Electa, ITO.
Frcileric, ^66.
GeorjjC, 34&, 149.
IIcDry, 163.
HeDi7 11,, loa. ;
.' Hod, ;mw,
Ismd, GT„ lOfl, 108,
341.
JflUJCB, 101.
jHIDGfl H., 3A,
JcmLmn, ITi!,
John, W, Jlfi,241.
JnHcph, Sen., 160.
Jonlnh, 144.
and nuuthr, 380.
O. Jatl(*on, m
Jnlia, aOQ.
JuBUn,101,^0.
LeDa, Sao.
LUcmorc, 21.
Maria, 21 »,
Martin, SOv
Melvlnk 9D4, 381
Nancr, £19.
NathnTilF^I, SO, 40, 41,
300,388.
Noah, 67, 103, 106.
341. •
Penelope, 303.
Benben, 40,113,160,
198,360.
and fiunily, 389.
flmlth, Robert H., 85, 89
40, 41, 42,
finlindaf SSa.
gftmuolt 5£il.
Blmnn, SI.
and mmily, 30.
BopWa. S2a.
Zuph. n., 137, 340.
Snell, Hattie, all.
John, and fiunily,
INS,
Samuel, 37
Soldiers, list oil Si, 38.
obituaries, 309.
settled, 30.
Sou]lard.B. S., 147,317,
South mountain, 6.
Spaulding, Nathan, 36.
Spencer, Chester, 343.
Stephen, 189.
—^1471
Spink, Ed. J., 67.
Spotted fever, 101.
Spraffue, Rev. Esia, 147.
Mr./826.''
Squie^ Truman, 103, 106,
St. AoBtin lake, 6. 7, 11.
Stahfiard, Mr., 8G6.
Staples. Jonathan, 41,
;., Phebe, 178.
V. Ruth, 366.
Stark, Joim, 30, 86, 40, 43,
'and&mUy,84S.
Rachel, 306.
Sarah, 360.
widow, 358.
Starkweather, Stephen,
139.
JStata Bonaio, 41.
Slava mUU m.
BtcaniB, David. 215-
Df., 30O.
Jolm, ^, 110, 149.
and family, 248.
John, Jr., iri, 201.
Marja, 300,
Bctb; fil.
Stephen^, Isaat^ 180,
Stovcua, Addlo, 116,
A^a, 21.
m ABtiWl,204.
ElijAh, and &mUy,
245.
BBthor, 173.
Jofil, ia&, 244.
Jonath^D, 59.
aad Aimliy, 344.
MlDcrva, 9fi7.
Pet^r, 91), 40, 174.
ind &mll7, 3IB.
282
StoTeQBf Hobcrtf Iffik
Theodore, flS.
Wm., SI, lis.
Stewart, Jokn, 40.
Phllo p., im, »i6.
atllea, SaHy, S50.
SctbR, m.
Stock! Jig frtctoT7» fll-
StodflarH, JsidBOQ B., 143l
Nathan, SL
Nathan A., »1&.
Kncanl, Be.
Wm., »45, 205,
Stone, Levi H., m, 141,
Btratton, HAtittahj 193.
Samuel, 90.
Mtb. Samuel, IDS.
and family, ^i5,
Trypbunii, SfFT.
Stmetor. M. H., 100, ^3.
Btroiifi, DiiUflv , mi,
Qay C„ lis,
Martin D., 89,41,40,
Phineaa, 39, 40, 4S,
97, 152, Ififl.
and mmliy, !Mfl.
Phlnoae,Jr,l00,10L
Bistiinv, 31, SS, BU,
4U,4a,l»7,l^tS^*
and nimlly, S^m.
Kdtitm, Jf., ^d S&ad-
ly, a47.
KoUln F., 07, 103.
Thotnae J., S7, 101.
Timothy, 111, il7.
Walter, a&, 80, 43,
W7.
Helen, 255.
John, and ftunlly, 948.
HeUsaa, 288.
8trong8,83.
Stuart, John, 86.
Sugar nukkine, 95.
maple,107.
Swallow, Lacy, 178.
SophVa^-
ThomaBJ.,85,48,08.
Sweet, 147. ^^ ^
Swift, Nathan, and fiuni-
ly.JMS.
Swine, 127. ^_#
Sykee, Angnatos, 108.
Jacob, 21.
and family, 248.
Laura, 231.
Taft, Austin, 26.
Tailors, 268.
Tavern, flrat, 111.
Taylor, Charles P.. 26, 80.
Cyroa P., 26,89.
Pawlbt.
Taylor, Daniel p., 48.
Goo. W., 26, SI.
Hflttie, aoo,
Horace, i7.
Matilda, 187.
Bonmal, liJU, 2fi2.
and family, &ia
Bam.^Jr., l&a, 209.
aiui family, 140.
William, 37.
Teall, A»aph, 144.
JoAuph. 2U2.
TeamaterH, W.
Tomperance, 01.
Tlldcn, Ghloe. 240.
Jlbamar, 100, 101.
PUllo, 101.
litibticca, S33,
TlngLts, Qitorgo, W6.
TInnerfi, 268.
Tboin|jHOii. A^ft, HJ9.
Fe8taBi93.
nenry H^26*
James, 187.
John, 40.
Laura A^ 264.
Lucy, 171.
Fhebe, 198.
O. P., 244.
Samuel, 170, 888.
and iiimily, 249.
Samuel, Jr., and flii-
mily, 249.
Thom^lCary, 168.
Toby, Betsey, 174.
ftj.,26,i22.
Qeoige, 162, 2S1.
J08ii&. 86. 40, 148,
181.214,251.
Josian, and flunily,
249.
Margaret, 181.
Reuben, 40, 147.
and flEunily, 249.
Mrs. Reuben, 105.
Todd. Dr., 100.
Lieut. Bliel, 21, 100.
Eliel.101,288.
and fiunily, 260.
Tool fmliJiy, 1(5-1.
Toolcy, Liwy^ 215.
Sally, 3[]7.
Toiiea aequcet^Ted, 19.
Tory buiit(, 18.
Town clorMB, 30, 173.
Town farm il4, ISWj 266.
TowBlce, CharloB w., 26.
NormJiii, lOL
Tracy, Amui^ Sh, 131.
Train, Sally, 187,
Trt^t, Joan, 30s!*
TrccB reserved, 0.
Trinity Church, 145.
TrottUig park, 323.
Trout, m.
Tmmbull, AlQi:ander,148.
Try on, David, 06.
Jeefl«, 182.
and &mlly, SSO.
Socrat4,^a II., m, 101.
Tqpkoyu, laS.
Tuttlo, lluldah, 2AL
Mrs. Hosaballa, 106,
251.
Dnlted St&toa Denoatt
Fund. 110.
Unlver&alleta, 187, 1K».
Upham, Joeeph P., 40,
150.
Joseph P* and Oiini-
ly, 2S1.
Lorette, M0.
Slna, 320.
Uraii, Jaideu, ILS.
Bally, IHS.
Utlcy, Lconanl,36,B0, 261.
Vail, Ama&a, 190.
Cheater M., 36.
Polly, 105.
, 111.
VaBEhn, DtuJld, 140.
Edna, l&tS.
Vermont lirlgade, m.
Hotel, im.
VGrmontcni imprisoned,
IIT.
VlOt^ IXaborob, SOa.
narr let, 20B.
Harvey, M.
lloiiry^ 30.
and Gimlly, ^%
Sett), 21, 177. M% 251.
Beth, Jr., 253.
Mrs. Setb, 105.
VocalltilB, 15fl.
VolunttM^ra, 131-130.
Votere, 207.
Wada, Alphdnl, and Ik-
mlly, 252.
Nancy, 228.
Wagon iii}ikerfl. SOS.
Waft, Archibald, 147.
David, 22,
Densto, 172.
BflWltt, C„ 170; 265.
BIcler, 14\ 14a
Hiram, m.
WaahinHton,l47, 265.
War with Now York, 82.
of 181S, 31, 82, 7(j.
of 1801, 22, 130.
Wars, review of, ai.
Wa^bddgo, Ebonc^r, 15.
Waldeii, - — , 3G.
Walkflr, Chandler, 149.
Eev. J. F., ^, 146,
147, 140, afcs.
Lyclia S., 237.
SyivcHter, 147.
WaU, Bdwaixl, »t3.
Index.
288
Wallace, Wm., 40, 68, 97,
154, 262.
Ward, J., 211.
Warren, Daniel D., 96.
Warner, Blisha, and fii-
mily, 268.
James M., 188.
Julia, 203.
Katie, 233.
Mark,and fiimlly, 368.
Mark, Jr., 368.
Walter 8., 197.
Warren, George M., 26.
Ira a, 26.
John, 26, 369.
Warrinor, Gad, 258.
Washington Benevolent
Society, 140. 164.
Co. Ins. Co., 217.
Water power, 7.
wheels, 154.
Waters, Edwin L., 26.
Waagh, Rev. Bishop, 146.
Weavers, 868.
Weed, James, 358.
Sherman, 180. 809.
Weeks, Curtis, 60, 941.
and fomily, 254.
David, 60.
and fomily, 268.
Mrs. David, 106.
Elijah, 80.
Harvey R., 161.
Hiram, 946.
Matilda, 25a
Rebecca, 849.
Rich, 176.
Salmon, 87, 282.
Samuel, and fiunily,
254.
Sarah, 208.
WUliam C, 26.
Welch, Daniel, 21, 187,
180, 160, 246, 266.
Daniel, Jr., 85.
PoUy B., 176.
Walter, 23.
Wells brook, 7, 00,
114.
Cynis, 35, 189.
Estelle, 208.
town of, 6.
Wm., 188.
W en t worth, Ben-
ning, 9.
Weslcyan church, 146.
Westcott, Reuben, 147.
Wetherell ,147.
Wilcox, Catharine, 174. .
Wheat fields, 66.
price, 1775, 99.
Whcdon, Allen, 123, 148.
Ann, 265.
Ansel, 88.
and family, 866.
Whedon, David. 86, 158.
David, and fkmily,
250.
David, Jr., 98, 256.
Edmund, 40, 60,143,
148, 163, 256.
James, 71, 308.
and family, 356.
Lncinda, 197.
Lucy, 817.
Mary, 201.
Oscar, 266.
Wheeler, BeAjamiii P.,
86.
John, 86.
Lvman, 116.
Mrs. Margaret, 106,
115, 358.
Moses E., 36.
Russell C, 43, 97, 358.
Whitcomb.A.S.,41,176,
280,258.
Harriet, 160.
Lucina, 264.
White, George, 185.
James W., 86.
Philander, 948.
William, 206,
woman, first, 178.
Whiting, Edmund C,
110, 258, 207.
Lois, 243.
Wickham, Uiram, 86, 88,
98 364
Isaac, 106.147,178.
and fiunily, 867.
Maria, 856.
Robert, 86, 185.
RollinC.,98,164,a70.
Warren, 37.
Wilcox,Artemu8,S37, 888.
Artemns, and family,
357.
Betsey, 172.
Horace. 43.
and ramlly, 357.
Jared,and fiimll^, 366.
J. S., 27.
John, 257.
John II., 103.
Lydia, 143.
01ive,222.
Wilklns, John R.. 26.
Willard, Aaron, 22.
Andrew, 116, 262.
Clara, 254.
Cyrenns M., 103.
Geo., 85, 142, 175, 941,
268.
James H., 100, 101,
IIM), 268.
Jouatlwu, 8, 0, 80, 40,
111, 14l, 158, 947,
WUlard. Joseph, and fli-
mily, 261.
Mrs. Jos^h, 106.
Lemuel, fa.
Maria, 940.
Mary, 179.
Samuel. 87, 89, 40, 69.
and family, 860.
Sarah, 839.
• SUaB.83.
and fiunily, 268.
tract. 205.
Willey, Asa, and jREunlly,
268.
Betsey, 193.
David, 11. 81.
WUliams, AbigaU, 943.
George, ftS.
John, 36, 354.
Laura, 354.
Nathan, 81.
and fiunUy, 868.
0Uver,161.
and nunily, 364.
Orcelia, 333.
Reuben H., 96.
Ruth, 807.
Willis, Allen, 364.
Eliza, lai.
GuUd,100.
and fi&mily, 364.
MahahLl64.
Wllmarth, Daniel. 169.
Nathaniel, 196.
Wilson, Maggie B., 164.
Winchester, Andrew, 91,
364.
Ctmrlee, 67, 108-
£:ilcD, iba,
Joi^l, 1^.
ani3 1km Lly. $04.
Julia, mi
Nominrit 41.
WlHtcr, Kkhurd II., 169.
aiiil rmnlly. 2QR.
Woman , ftret sotiler, SGO.
Wood, Aldra R., 20.
David, ah
ftnd fainiLy, 365.
B. T., 149.
Hannah, 189.
Henry C., 86.
Luther B., 23.
and fiunily, 265.
Martin P., 26, 80.
• Samuel M., 141, 906,
948,266.
Stephen, 26.
Timothy, 22.
Welcome, 317.
Willard, 20, 80.
WUliam U., 36.
Woodard, David, 111.
John J., 98, 866.
284
Pawlbt.
Wood*rd, Phebe. tn.
AbrthAm, 178.
Wooden, Olive, 90B.
Woodfln, Georffe, 166.
Fnwccf, 78.
Woodman, AasUn B.,
M.
Fanny X.. t06. •
Barah, S».
Woodward, Abram, 147.
Anderaon D., and fli-
mily.MO.
Jane, loo
Woodward, John J., 80.
SallT, 881.
WllUam, 817.
Woodwortb, Botaey, 900.
Harmony, 900.
Woolen Ikctories, 190,
108.
Mill, 17D.
Mill, flmt, 944.
Wooeter. Amoe, 140, 149,
and ikimllY,900.
Avery, 940.
Deborah, 911.
Wooeter, Henry, 91, 40,
144,969.
and fiunily, 900.
Wright. AngnaioB L., 90,
drove, 18fl.
LncJon Bw. fl7.
SamiiiiL 40, KM), VS%.
and fumhy, 3U7-
Bamucl, Jr., 40.
Sidney, ns.
Wymiui, Chorlotto. IBB.
15
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