BULLETINS
D!vlsit
m of
^^ts^
AMERICAN
PALEONTOLOGY
Vot. 6
/u?ie JO, igig
Harris Compauy
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y.
U. S. A.
BULLETINS
OF
AMERICAN
PALEONTOLOGY
Vol. 6
N UMBER 31
June JO, /p/p
Harris Company
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y.
U. S. A.
Bull. Arner. Paleont.
Frontispiece
Tiuiotliy Abbott Conrad
1S03 - 1S77
Isaac Lea
J792 - 1SS6
Sir C/iarles Lyell
1797 - J^75
Truman Honingii'ay Aldrich
1S48
\'i\^
BUI,I,ETINS
OF
AMERICAN PAIyEONTOI^OGY
-*
Vol. 6
No. 31
PELECYPODAI OF THE/ ST. RHAURICE ANd/
CLAIBORNE/ STAGES
BY
G. D. Harris
/u7ie JO, i(?i9
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y
U. S. A.
Harris Co.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
111 '92, during one of those pseiido- economic, or political
paroxysms that formerl}' afflicted our federal Geological Survey,
the writer, an employe of that organization, very naturally
found it necessary to seek other quarters vi'here his work in Ter-
tiary Paleontology could be advantageously continued. Through
a recommendation of Chief Paleontologist Walcott (now Secre-
tary of the Smithsonian Institution) such a haven was found on
the State Geological Survey of Texas, then being abl}^ adminis-
tered by Mr. E. T. Dumble.
Field parties had for several years been bringing into the
Museum at Austin Tertiary material. A very little of this had
been reviewed by Heilprin of Philadelphia, but the great mass
was practically untouched.
Two seasons' work with visits to Washington and Philadel-
phia to consult type material, and a trip through Alabama and
Mississippi for additional specimens resulted in getting together
a fairl}' complete monograph on the Texas Eocene Mollusca, a
MS of some 350 pages and 31 plates. The illustration was ex-
cellently done by the late McConnell and the plates were actual-
ly engraved. However, till this day the report has remained
unpublished. But the large share of the new species were long
since brought out in the Philadelphia Academy's Proceedings,
and the lists of fo.ssils from various localities have been very
largely quoted. Occasionally in the present report the writer
has made use of the proof plates from his old Texas Report. But
in general, it has seemed best to use photographs of material
now deposited in the University collection, for, aside from their
lack, perhaps, in sheer artistic beaut}', the\' do express the finer
specific idiosyncrasies oftentimes far better than do the best of
drawings.
While conducting a Geological Survey of Louisiana for ten
consecutive years considerable additional trans- Mississippian
Eocene material was collected, especially during the early years
of reconnaisasance when young Veatch's (A. C.) delight in diffi-
cult and successful exploits brought in splendid material from
hitherto unheard of localities.
While visiting Washington with pockets and bags full of
material for comparison, the writer has been received b}- the
Department of Mollusca as a prodigal son, in the spirit of true
friendship. It is certainh' fortunate for American Tertiary
Paleontology that there has been at the National Museum a man
of Dr. Dall's erudition and sympathetic interests.
It is much to be regretted that time and means have not
been at the writer's command for properly illustrating more of
Conrad's type specimens at the Philadelphia Academy. Yet
with the bivalves the need is not so great as with the univalves.
The facilities for work already afforded at the Academy by the
curator, Dr. Pilsbry could not be better and in the near future
the writer hopes to have the greater, or, as yet poorly illustrated,
part, of the Conradian collection properly photographed.
Aside from the facilities the writer has enjoyed in working
out his own material at various museums, mention must be made
of the fact that among others. Dr. Dall of Washington, Hon. T.
H. Aldrich of Birmingham, Alabama, and Prof. Whitney of
Austin, Tex., have sent specimens for comparison and have
loaned co-types and furnished materials used in various genera
throughout this work as will be noted in reading descriptions
and consulting the illustrations with their accompanying ex-
planations.
PELECYPODA OF THE
ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE STAGEvS
G. D. HARRIS
In a general way the Eocene series of the Gulf border ma>-
\'ery properl}- be subdivided into five stages, — three representing
for the most part marine sedimentation ; two palustrine though lo-
calh' becoming marine and filled with beautifully preserved mol-
lusca. In their natural sequence these stages are :
Jackson stage, marine
Claiborne stage, lignitic or lacustrine
St. Maurice stage, Marine
Sabine stage,* lignitic or lacustrine
Midway stage, marine
In the summer of 1895 the writer made a somewhat extended
expedition in the Southern States east of the Mississippi, visiting
and collecting from such localities as might furnish well preserved
basal Eocene fossils. The results of this expedition were com-
bined with observations previousl}- made while on the Arkansas
and Texas Geological Surveys, and published as Bulletin No. 4
(Amer. Pal.) June, 1S96. After another extensive field sea.son
in a slightly more southern latitude along the outcropping of the
next higher stage, Bulletin No. 9 appeared (June '97) on the
Pelecypoda of the Lignitic Stage ; the Gastropoda, Pteropoda
and Cephalopoda followed in Maj^ '99 as Bulletin 11.
*No\v known as the Sabine stage from the river by that name separ-
ating Sabine County, Texas and Sabine Parish, L,a. and showing good fossil-
BUI.LETIN 31
Many things have delayed the appearance of our work on
the higher Eocene stages. First among these has been an almost
constant connection with National, State or private surveys de-
manding a vast amount of time on subjects generally but distant-
ly related to Tertiary- paleontology, yet admitting of occasional
studies of out-of-the-w^ay places in middle Eocene areas, hence in-
creasing our collections and adding slowl}^ to our knowledge of
these interesting stages. Five times in our goings and com-
ings to the Gulf region have we touched at the very center of
mid- Eocene interest, Claiborne Bluff, collecting always new
fossils and facts for future study and illustration. But from the
verj^ nature of human affairs there must come a time wdien field
work is temporarily suspended and notes and fossils are given un-
divided attention if this work, now" so long delaj-ed, is ever to
appear.
It would doubtless be more in accordance with precedent and
perhaps more logical to treat here of the mollusca of the St.
Maurice stage only, the so-called Lower Claiborne of our various
previous contributions. For, the more we study the so-called
Claiborne and Lower Claiborne faunas the more distinct do they
appear. The Lower Claiborne or St. Maurice represents an age
of general depression along the Gulf border with widely distribut-
ed molluscan remains ; the Claiborne, a somew^hat uplifted lacus-
trine condition with rarely local depressions sufficient to allow of
the incursion of the warm seas from the .south with their teeming
marine life. One notable example of this kind is to be seen at the
famous Claiborne bluff on the Alabama, though in the roadside
iferous outcrops along its banks. Exception has been taken to the name Sa-
bine since Penrose made use of the expression "Sabine River beds" to in-
clude certain horizons not incli:ded within the stage as now defined. This
use of a descriptive expression can scarcely invalidate the clearly defined
name as proposed by Veatch and sanctioned by the proper authorities of the
U. S. Geological Survej- . The name Wilcox, since used by that bureau
lacks priorit}' and is based on an obscure county name in Alabama, one that
in no way carries the historical significance of Sabine, nor would it be found
on general maps of the United States.
St. Maurice and Claiborne Pklecypoda
scarcely a mile above, the "sands" give way largely- to lignitic
deposits. However, the complete differentiation of these two
stages has not been satisfactorily carried out in western Texas
and in the Carolinas. Nor even in Georgia do we know to a
certaint}' the distribution of each of these stages. Again, there
is an advantage, physical at least, in having species of adjacent
stages figured together on the .same plate.
References to the literature together with discu.ssions of local
and general stratigraph}'- will follow in due .season. Extensive
S3-non3-niies and discu.s.sions of provenance and relationship of
species are withheld for publication in PALEONTOGRAPHICA
AMERICx\NA. We are interested here .solely in illustrating
and describing the mid-Eocene molluscau fauna of our .southeast-
ern coast. Some species run through several Eocene stages and
may have already been referred to and figured in previous Bull-
etins on the Midway or Sabine stages. The mid-Eocene facies
of such species will be herewith figured, but the original de-
scription must be found by referring to former Bulletins.
G. D. Harris.
Cornell University,
Feb. 17, 1919.
BlLLETIM 31
PELECVPODA
Ostrea alabamiensis Lea, Plates 1-5.
(). o!o-a)if!ssi}iia Finch (in part), nndescril:)ed, A. J. S., vcl. 7, 1824,
P- 39-
O. alahamieusis Lea, Cont. to Geol., p. 91, pL 3, fig. 71, 1833.
O. semilunata Lea, ibid, p. 90, pL 3, fig. 69.
O. Uugula-ianis'Li^a., ibid, p. 92, pi. 3, fig. 72.
O. piiicerna Lea, ibid, p. 92, pi. 3, fig. 73.
O. geoygiana Co., Jr. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1834, vol. 7, p. 156.
O. contrada Con., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1855, p. 269; also Mex.
lean Boundary Surv., pi. 18, fig. i.
O. alabamiensis and georgiaua Qor\., Am. }t. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p.
14-15-
O. a/aba//it'nsis de Gregorio, Mon. Faun. Eoc, 1890, p. 175, pi. 18.
O. a/abaniiensis Cosstn., Ann. de G^oL, 1893, p. 18.
O. daiboniensis Con. MS, Harris, Bull. Am. Pal., vol. i, p. 3, 1895.
Ostrea alabamiensis Har., ibid., p. 3.
O. alabaiuefisis and geo/giana (in part) Dal], Tr. Wag. Free Inst. Sci.,
vol. 3, p. 678-683, 1895.
? Ostrea vomer Clark & Martin, Geol. Surv-. Md. Eoc, p. 193, pi. i, 1910.
Lea's original description. — Shell subelliptical, curved behind, crenu-
late on both sides of the beak ; beaks recurved, pointed.
Diam. . . . Length 2.1, Breadth 1.5 of an inch.
A single valve only of this species has been received by me. The ex-
terior of this is roughl}- squamose.
The most remarkable character of this species is the fine di-
varicate sculpturing of the corneous epidermis. O. prismatica
Gray, as described b}' Reeve from Panama (Conch. Icon. pi. i.
fig. i) possesses this feature to some extent. Of the four forms
figured and described by Lea, O. alabamiensis represents most
clearly the normal form, hence the name has been retained in
preference to the others, although one was described on a previous
page. Lea's figure oi alabamiensis is, however, a little mislead-
ing in that it appears to represent a fairh' thick shell. The .speci-
men from which the figure was drawn is thin and pearlaceous.
O. semilnnala evidently grew in close proximity to a root, stick,
stone or other object and became somewhat di.storted. Its pe-
culiar shape as figured cau.sed Conrad to refer it to his O. sellce-
forviis (Am. Jr. Conch., vol. i, p. 15, 1865), a mistake he certainly
9 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda
would not have made had he ever seen Lea's shell. Occasionally
at Claiborne and especailly at Gosport this species shows speci-
mens of six or more inches in length (pi. i). Some, of this
character, in the Philadelphia Acad. Coll., are labelled in Con-
rad's handwriting Ostrea daiborncnsis.
We strongly suspect that the surrounding conditions at
Claiborne during the deposition of the "sands" were not favor-
able for Ouster development. Shells grow^n to considerable size
are often thin, very gibbous and Anomia-VCe^o. (pi. 2, fig. i and
pi. 6, fig. i). These specimens show the exterior radiating lines
already referred to at great advantage. If the oyster lives be-
>'ond this stage, it seems diseased and is usually very much de-
formed in .some wa}' or other (pi. 2, fig. 3). Parts may be very
thin or thick ; exteriorh' smooth or highly foliated (var. frionis
1)1. 5, fig. I ; marginal crenulations may be present or absent ;
a great lengthening of the shell is of common occurrence,
causing a contracted appearance toward the beak. Hence the
derivation of the variet}' contrada {Vroc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1855, p. 269 ; and Mex. B'dy. vSurv., p. 160, pi. 19, figs. i. a b c
<^> 1857) of the Rio Grande section. Not all the .specimens along
the river are "contracted." The more southerly, Jackson ex-
posures as a rule furnish the t\'pical contrada w^hile the northerly
exposures, furnLsh more nearh" tj'pical alabamiensis . In this sec-
tion of the country in late Eocene times, it appears that condi-
tions were less hostile to this t\pe than at Claiborne. Far to the
east again, in eastern Georgia, South Carolina and North Caro-
lina the gcorgiana flourished in great profusion. That this is the
eastern equivalent of contrada or well-fed alabamiensis, we have
no doubt. It often shows the peculiar, radiate marking of the
exterior referred to above.
Type. — Alabamiensis. No. 5439 Phila. Acad. Of contrada,
U. S. Nat. Mus.
Horizon. -^^X.. Maurice, Claiborne and Jackson Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Mo.stly Mus. Cornell Univ. ; but pi. 4
and pi. 5, figs, i and 3 from Texas vState Mus.
Localities. — Texas : Along the Rio Grande 2 mis above San
Jose, ju.st above the mouth of Good Cr. , Zapata Co. ; at Webb-Za-
lo Bulletin 31 10
pata Co. line, 5, and 13 mis below Laredo ; Cedar Creek and Dunn
ranch, Robertson Co. ; 5 mlsW. of Crockett, W. of Caney Rayou,
San Antonio road, Houston Co. ; 4 mis N. E. Alto, Cherokee ;
S. E. Corner of Frio Co.
Large 'specimens described bj' Conrad as O. contrada were
from "03'ster Point, near Mier, Tex." Other localities for the
.same are: Rio Grande at Carrizo, above Roma, 15 mis below
Carrizo and at Campbellton, Atascosa Co. ; Oy.ster Bluff,
Brazos River, Milam Co., 2 mis above the mouth of Pond Cr.
South Fork of Hurricane Cr.
Louisiana : vSabine River, near Columbus as in nearby E.
Tex. ; 3 mis S. E. of Negreet ; in form of cast 2 mis N. of
Plaindealing.
Alabama : Claiborne, Go.sport, Lisbon, Hamilton Bluff.
Georgia : Grovetown, Shell Bluff.
South Carolina : Rocky Swamp, Orangeburg Dist.
A^orth Carolina : very abundant on the Neuse and Trent
Rivers. See especially exposure near R. R. bridge at Pollocks-
ville.
The localities mentioned above are those from which we
have personall}' identified this form. Various authors, especial -
1)^ Dall, have mentioned this species (under the name of
georgiana') as having a wide Oligocene distribution in Florida, as
the 'Helt fosdV of the Grand Gulf (See Trans. Wag. Free In.st.
Sci., vol. 3, p. 685, &c). We cannot speak with authority on
the wide geologic range here suggested.
Ostrea sellseformis, Plates 6-8.
O. sellt^fonnis Con. Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., p. 27, pi. 13, fig. 2, 1852.
O. radians Con. ibid, fig. i.
O. divaricata Lea, Con. to Geol., 1833, p. 91, pi. 3, fig. 70, 1833.
O. sellcsformis Con., Proc. Nat. Inst., 1842, p. 192, pi. i, fig. i.
O. sellcsforrnisYL^A^., Ann. Rept. (IV), U. vS. Geol. Surv., 1883, p.
311, pi. 62, figs. I, 2 ; pi. 63, fig. I.
(9. 5^//<«yc>r;;/75 de Greg. , Mon. Faun. Eoc, p. 175, pi. 19, figs 1-12,
1890.
O. sellcefonnis Dall (in part), Tr. Wag, III, p. 677, 1898.
O. sellcsformis Clark and Martin, Geol. Surv. Md. ; Eocene, p. 192, pis.
48, 49, 1901.
II St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda
Conrad describes tlie one valve of this species as radians : Oblong,
compressed, lobed and flexuous on one side ; the ribs numerous, radiated ;
beaks very small, not prominent, pointed and a little curved laterally,
Vance's Ferry, S. C; Claiborne, Ala.
O. sellcsformis : Oblong, convex, thick and ponderous, lobed; one
side of the larger valve profoundly sinuous and the opposite side gibbous ;
smaller valve sinuous and a little convex ; dorsal margin long and slightly
arched, with both extremities obtusely rounded.
Since these are but different valves of the same species, Con-
rad's intimation that there are two valves of his sellc^forviis was
based on an error. This error, however, he corrected in 1S42,
strangely choosing sellccforviis instead of radia7is, a more appro-
priate name perhaps, and coming first in his original publication.
As species are most generally defined in modern literature
several of the sellcpfornusASk& forms here included under one
name might be regarded as distinct species.
With a small amount of material at hand, frorn a limited
number of localities, perhaps no one would hesitate to affirm that
verj' well defined species could be differentiated. But with the
increase of material from intermediate localities the seeming dis-
tinctness of certain tjq^es rapidh: disappears. Nevertheless there
is considerable fixity to some of these varietal forms and it is
well worth while to have them defined and named and have
their interrelations and stratigraphic significance pointed out.
0. seliesformis var. smithvillensis, Plate S
From Smithville, Tex., are derived numerous small speci-
mens with thin shells, and rareh', larger representatives, show-
ing one plicate valve and one nearly smooth valve, giving a
somewhat coinpressirostra appearance. Yet the plications are
very numerous and without the foliations and squamose charac-
ters of the latter species. The flat valve shows signs of weak pli-
cations. There is an entire lack of a marginal kink or fold — the
feature doubtless first suggesting the name sellcEf oralis.
0. se!laeformis (tj-pical) Pis. 6 and 7.
Rarely in Texas do the large, ponderous, saddle-formed mu-
tations of this species occur. From near Columbus on the Sabine,
Bui^LETIN 31 12
eastward through Wautubbee and Hickory, Miss., Claiborne,
Coffeeville and Lisbon, Ala. ; Shell Bluff, Ga. ; \'ance's Ferr\-.
S. C. ; City Point and Piping Tree, Va., these heavyweights
are of common occurrence.
Young, comparativeh' thin specimens of this type have a
wide distribution in the St. Maurice beds of Texas, and are
not uncommon eastward to the Carolinas. In these the posterior
kink is not always well defined and now^ and then there is a slight
trace of radial sculpture on the flat valve. (vSee pi. 6.)
Var. divaricata Lea simpl}' represents young individuals with-
out a definite posterior kink and without a posterior cardinal ala-
tiou. Such specimens are occasionally found with other varieties
at Claiborne, Ala., Negreet, La., and elsewhere. (See pi. 9.
fig. 7. Dall mentioned also Natchitoches Parish, La., Choctaw
Bluff, xVla., and City Point, James River, \^a.
Var. vermilla de Greg. Like divaricata but with posterior
alation of cardinal area. Described from Claiborne ; our best
.specimens from Bienville Par., La. (See pi. 9, fig. 8.)
Type. — Phila. Acad. ; from the lower calcereous layers,
Claiborne Bluff, Ala.
Horizon. — St. Maurice and Claiborne Eocene.
Specimens figured. — PI. 6, figs. 2-12, 3'oung specimens from
the base of the bluff at Claiborne ; pi. 7, adult from the same lo-
cality ; pi. 8, var. smithvillensis, C. U. Museum, from Smith-
ville, Tex, ; pi. 9, fig. 7, var. divaricata, C. U. Mus., from New-
ton, Miss. ; pi. 9, fig, 8, var. vermilla, C. U. Mus., Beinville Par-
ish, La.
Ostrea sellaeformis (?) var. lisbonensis, PI. 9. Figs 1-6
We have never felt satisfied with the general reference of
this form to sellce/ormis and have long kept it apart from Conrad's
.species in our collections under the designation of lisbonensis. It
occurs large and well defined at Lisbon, Ala., but it is in Louisi-
ana where it is t3'pically and extensivel)' developed. When adult,
it reaches about one-half the dimensions of the large sellcBformis
in the bluff at Claiborne. The coarse plications, aviculoid form.
13
St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda
13
posterior emargiuation and convexity of both vab/es which, b)-
the way, are of a thick, dense make-up, distinguish it from the
thin, nearly fiat, multicostate, less aviculoid, less emarginate and
early kinked }-oung and adolescent individuals of sellceforniis.
Whitfield described in U. S. Geol. Surv. Mon. IX, p. 222,
pi. 29, fig. 2, 1885, a cast of an oyster from the Shark River Eo-
cene beds of New Jersey under the name of O. glauconoides, and
referred specimens from the base of the bluff at Claiborne to this
species. But, even with the New Jersey type in hand (kindl)-
loaned b}' State Geologist Kiimmel) it is impossible to state
whether the New Jerse}' and Claibornian specimens should be re-
ferred to the species. The former evidently had a much thinner
shell and was inflated near the beak.
Type. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Hoiizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Chestnut, Ea.; Harris Collection, now
deposited at Cornell.
Localities. — Collier's Ferry, Burleson Co., likewise from Bra-
zos, Robertson, Cherokee Co's., Tex. ; Natchitoches, Marble
Q'y, Chestnut, 35 mis S. E. of Creston, in Bienville Phri.sh, and
at Chautauqua, Ea ; Lisbon and Hamilton Bluff, Ala.
Fig I. Ostrea var. perplicata Dall
Variety perplicata Dall
Dall in his Florida Fo.s.sils as published in the Transactions
of the Wagner Free Institute of Science, vol. 3, p. 678, names a
14 Bulletin 31 14
variet}' of scllceformis, pcrplicata from "Eocene, Caton's Bluff,
Conecuh River, Alabama ; L. C. Johnson." This is an inalate
form of the same stock as our lisbonoisis. The description reads :
"Shell very heav}^ arcuate triangular, with coarse, rounded,
numerous divaricating ribs (twenty-five to forty), no auriculation
or posterior sinuosity of the margin near the hinge, the upper
valve extraordinaril}' ponderous, the general form regular and
uniform, the valve margins nearly or quite simple.
The figures herewith shown are of "Co-types" kindly fur-
nished b>- Dall, and are in the U. S. Nat. Mus. collection.
Ostrea vicksburgensis, var. ludoviciana. n. var. PI. 10, figs, i-io
In Conrad's description of O. vicksburgensis he gives no
characteristics that would neccssarilj' demand that this variety
be referred to this species. The description { Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 1847, P- 296) reads as follows :
Plicated ; very irregular and adhering, the upper valve not flat, but
swelling in an irregular manner. Height \j{ in.
Their is nothing peculiar about this shell, yet it is clearly distinct
from any other species of the American Tertiary hitherto described.
Common.
This species is again described in the Journal of the Acad-
emy, (vol. I, p. 126) and a figure is given (pi. XIII, fig. 5) but
with this additional information the .species would still be ill de-
fined.
It has sometimes been referred to O. panda Mort. on accotmt
of fig. 10, pi. 19, of Morton's Synopsis. The name /«?z^a, how-
ever, applies only to the species from the vicinit}' of St. George's
on the Delaware and Chesapeake canal, referred primarily by
Morton (1830, A. J. S. vol. 17, p. 2S4) to oisfagal/i \\\t\\ a. ques-
tion, and figured as such in vol. 18, pi. 3, fig. 22. The name
panda was proposed in 1833 i^id. vol. 23, p. 293) for this Cre-
taceous species. In 1834, in the "Sjmopsis &c" Morton includes
several Tertiary specimens under the name panda and figures one
on pi. 19, fig. 10. Gabb, 1861, (Proc. Phila. Ac.) seeing this
impropriet}' proposed the name mortoni for the Tertiarj' speci-
mens. An examination of the specimens in the Phila. Academy
15 St. Maurick amd Claiborxk Pelkcvpoda
Gabb had before him in naming viortoni, is quite sufficient to
prove their identit}' with vicksbiirgensis. One specimen, Morton's
original of fig. lo and used b}' Gabb as one of his mortoni, had a
general resemblance to our form hidoviciana. The radiating ridges
are rather sharp plications than rounded ribs so common in hido-
viciana— sorVi^wh^X like the ornamentation of the Miocene .y?^^/^/-
cata. It passes insensibly into coarsely plicate vicksbiirgensis two
or three inches in diameter.
Varietal characterisation. — General form and size as figured ;
left valve gibbous, extended at lower posterior margin ; ribs on
po.st-umbonal slope faint, generally about .six in number ; anter-
iorly, ribs strong, 6-12 often bifurcating, especially strong from
beak to posterior margin. Lesser valves concave, decidedly- of
the appearance of the lesser valves of some small Exogyras.
7)//><f.— Harris collection at Cornell Univ. No's. 2-6, Natch-
itoches, La. ; I, 7-10, Chestnut, La.
Geologic horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Localities. — Especially in Natchitoches Parish, La., about
Natchitoches, Provencal, Robeline and Chestnut ; also Bienville
Parish and Columbus, Sabine Parish. That it occurs as far east
as Alabama several not exactly localized specimens from this
State in the Museum attest. Long drawn out, claw-shaped mu-
tations are common along the Sabine River, near Columbus.
Ostreajohnsoni, PI- io> figs- ii-i5-
O.johnsoiii Aid., Bull, i, Ala. Geol. Surv., 1886, p. 41, pi. 6, fig. 6.
Aldrich's original description.— '"AhoW large, thick ; both valves con-
vex ; beaks pointed in lower valve ; breadth of shell greater than length :
1)oth valves strongly plicate, generally with six folds, the plications becom-
ing very deep with age, the concave part between the two basal folds run-
ning out into a long cur^-ed tongue ; surface strongly laminated, laniinie
terminating at edge of shell ; attachment scar not visible ; ligamental area
with a rather deep, transversely striated furrow in the lower valve, shallow-
er and broad in the upper ; muscular scar, large nearest the base and pos-
terior margin ; curved, spatulate, nearly straight on upper side.
This form seems to be confined to the Lower Claibornian above the
Buhrstone."
Dall remarks (Trans. Wag. III. p. 681) : "This is an excellent
species with a few .strong plications, making the valves claw-like."
l6 BULLETI>^ 31 16
The number of plications varies greatly, see pi. 10.
This species seems to have a very limited range, from Cnne-
cah River, Ala., to Newton, Miss.
Type. — Aldrich Coll. (Johns Hojikins Univ. Mns.)
Horizon. — St. Maurice.
Specimen figured. — Cornell Univ. Mus. (11- 13, Caton's
Bluff ; 15, Lisbon. Ala.)
Localities. — Claiborne, Lisbon, Newton, (fide Aid.) al.so at
Caton's Bluff, Conecuh River, Ala.
Anomia ephippioides PI. n. Figs. 1-3.
A. ephippioides Gabh, Ja.Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d Ser., vol. 4, i860,
p. 388, pi. 67, fig. 59.
A. ephippioides Dall, Trans. Wag. &c., vol. 3, 1S9S. p. 782.
Gabb's original description. — "Very irregularly sub-quadrate, some-
times \*ery nearly circular, sometimes almost triangular ; convex, occasion-
ally marked by longitudinal rugte, and always by distinct lines of growth ;
lower valve, the muscular foramen large, ligament margin thickened.
Size of largest specimen: Length 1.5 in., width 1.3 in."
This species in a general way resembles,-:/, simplex oi our
coast (sometimes called A. ephippium, hence Gabb's name).
Specimens when well preserved .show a peculiar postulose exter-
ior, the pustules in .some instances becoming elongated.
Although Gabb's tj-pes are .suppo-sed to be in the Phila.
Academj^'s collection none there show the "lower valve." This
with a larger form usually referred to lisboncnsis occurs in great
abundance from the Rio Grande to the vSabine almo.st wherever
the St. Maurice beds are represented.
Although specimens of .^;/^/;/ /a are abundant in the Lower
Claiborne (St. Maurice) of Louisiana, the pustulate type becomes
rare and the generallj- larger, smooth lisbonensis predominates.
7>/^.— Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Cornell Univ. Mus.
Localities. — From 13 mis below Laredo, northeastward through-
out Texas to the Sabine about Sabinetown.
17 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 17
Anomia lisbonensis, PI. n- Figs. 6-10
H. ep/iippioides \iir. lisbouciisis Aid. Bull, i, Geol. Surv. Ala., iS86, p.
41, pi. 4, fig. 6.
A. lisbonensis T)-a\\, Trans. Wag. &c, vol. 3, 1898. p. 7S1.
Aldric/fs characterization of lisbonensis. — "Shell thin, pearly, subor-
bicular ; upper valve smooth, slightly wrinkled on the umbo ; lines or growth
distant, hinge line doubly sigmoid, the extremities winged. Muscular scars
indistinct.
Locality. — Ivisbon and beds at base of Claiborne Bluff.
The type is externalh^ marked with broad radiating bands of color.
On comparison with A. ephippoides Gabb, it appears much larger and more
transverse ; that species is not smooth externally, and is often plicate. It
occupies the same horizon however. ' '
We have several good specimens of the larger valve of this
form from these t5'pe localities, some of which are shown by the
figures, 6, 7, 8. We would not be at all surprised if some of the
more radiatelj' marked specimens, from the Lisbon vicinity are the
same as Conrad's A. jugosa although he labelled the type of that
species (now in the Academy's collection) from the "White
Limestone of South Carolina," The interior of that specimen
.seemed to us more like hard gray marl than "white limestone."
Conrad's figure oijiigosa .shows the feeble ribs much too distinct-
ly. They are remarkable for showing a down-bowing of the lines
of growth as they pass over the obscure co-stse.
As remarked above, the pustulose .specimens of Anomia in our
collections are Texan. The markings in lisbonenis, besides con-
centric lines of growth consist generally of microscopic hachures
as shown b}^ figure 9. There is, too, a slight tendency to show
interrupted radial foliation. Figs. 9, 10 are from the same local-
ity in N. W. Louisiana, Hammett's Branch. Fig. 10 shows how
even here there is a tendency for the otherwise lisbonensis to be-
come slighth' pustulose in places.
Type. — Aldrich Coll., now at Johns Hopkins LTniv.
Horizon. — rSt. Maurice Eocene.
Specime7is figured . — Geol. Mus., Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Common in Texas with cphippioides ; Mt. Leban-
on — Hanimett's Branch, Natchitoches, Chestnut, in Louisiana ;
Lisbon and base of bluff at Claiborne, Ala. Thin, delicate spec-
Bulletin 31 18
imens of this species are common at Hamilton Bluff, Ala.
Anomia naviceliodies var. hammetti Har., PI. 12. Figs, i, 2
l^arietal diaraderization. — Shell long-ovoid as illustrated;
rather thick, ver}- flat, somewhat curved ; exterior marked b}' a
large number of irregularly divaricating, radiate riblets having a
tendency to develop minute, hollow prickles ; broad, concentric
undulations irregularly disposed.
Along with this upper left valve there are fragments of
heavy right valves, shown on pi. 11, figures 4 and 5 that in all
probabilit}' belong to this species, though we have not thus far
found two valves together to prove the question bej'ond a doubt .
These show a remarkable thickening about the opening as well
as about the whole cardinal area.
Type. — Deposited in Pal. Mus., C. U.
Horizon.— '^t. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figii7-ed. — From Hammett's Branch, I. a.
Localities. — Hammett's Branch and Bayou Negreet, La.
Plicatula filamentosa Con., PL 12, fig. 3, et. seq.
vSee Bull. Am. Pal. vol. 2, p. 233. h\^o P. filamentosa Dall, Trans.
Wag. &c., '98, p. 762.
The appearance of radii within young shells and their grad-
ual obscuring by calcareous thickening within is well shown b>-
figures4, 5 and 6. De Gregorio (Eoc. Faun. Ala., p. 179) has
described a 3^oung valve like fig. 4 as ''Spondylus amussiopse.^'
Exteriorly just outside the irregular attachment area, faint radi-
ating plications appear in young forms, especially of the upper
Sabine horizon. Next, strongly marked concentric lines of
growth at certain regular intervals giving the appearance of fim-
briate radiating lines ; fourthly, deep radial folding, often mainl}-
sub-marginal. The Sabine forms have more regular and numer-
ous plications than the later specimens of this species. But the
concentric lines with the tendency to produce ribs of a second or-
der is already noticeable in a few specimens from Hatchetigbee.
Typical ^/aine?itosa must be regarded as the Claiborne form,
shown by figs 3-8. A comparativel)' small number of plications,
19 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 19
superposed b}- fine secondary rays and a strong tendenc>- to have
the hinge line extended, giving the shell an auriculate aspect are
features tending to differentiate this from earlier varieties.
X-AriQty CO nee Ulrica Dall (Trans. Wag., p. 762.) "Is marked by
a total disappearance of radial striae and the development of fine,
even, regularh^ spaced, concentric, elevated sculpture all over the
shell." This tends to give way to the MswsX/ilaiiientosa structure
when a dozen or so specimens are examined from ari\' one local-
it}'. (See figs. 9 and 12.)
\r ?ir\e.\.y planata (Aid., Jr. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, 1886,
]). 45, pi. 2, iig. 20) is one of the commonest forms in the St.
Maurice. Here the wrinkling of the concentric lines at even in-
tervals catising radii of various orders or dimensions, reaches the
limit. So important does this feature become that the original
concentric lines are practicalh^ obliterated and rows of scaly
spines, hollow and long in certain rays are the dominating feature
of the shell surface. See fig. 17. Large old specimens like fig.
16 often show clearly a tendency to become strongly plicate
about the basal margin. These plications are however, more nu-
merous than in the later Claiborne sand specimens.
Types. — P. filamentosa (Phila. Acad.); eoncentrica (U. S.
Nat. Nus.) ; planata (Aid. Coll., J. H. Univ. Coll.)
Horizon. — Uppermost Sabine to Jackson.
Specimens fig2ired. — Cornell Univ. Paleont. Mus.
Localities. — V^ox filamentosa, sen. str., Claiborne sands ; for
concentirca, pre-eminently the Texas variet}^ common in Cher-
okee, Anderson, Houston and Robertson Co's ; Columbus and
Negreet, Sabine Pam., La., Wautubbee, Miss. ; for planata,
Newton, Hickory, Wautubbee, PI. Johnson's, Miss, and St.
Maurice, Cooper's Well, Winnfield, about 1000 ft.. La.
Pecten deshayesii PI. 13- Figs. 2-7.
P. deshayesii Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 87, pi. 3, fig. 66.
P. lyelli heaid. p, 87, pi. 3, fig. 67.
P. deslmyesii de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc, 1890, p. 180, pi. 21, figs.
12-15.
Lea's original description. — vShell orbicular, rather compressed ; ears
20 Bulletin 31 20
nearly equal ; substance of the shell rather thick ; ribs about twentj-'One,
large, alternating with as many small ones, all imbricate ; beaks pointed.
Diam. . . Length 1.3, Breadth 1.3 of an inch
Lea' s original description of lyelli. — vShell longitudinal, rounded be-
low, angular above, compressed ; ears very unequal, having a channel on
the larger one ; substance of the shell thin ; ribs about twenty-jwo, round-
ed, slightly imbricate ; beaks acutelj- angular.
Diam. . . Length .8, Breadth .7 of an inch.
There seeiiLS to be considerable uncertainty as to what, and
how many species of Peden really come from the Claiborne sands.
Dall says regarding f/^^/z^jr^// (Trans. Wag., Ill, p. 738):
"This species is positively known to occur in the Jacksonian at Clai-
borne and elsewhere, but I have obtained no specimens from the vast
amount of marl belonging to the true Claiborne sands horizon which has
come under m}' notice. ' '
Cossmann finds this .species "excessivement rare" in his bar-
rel-full of .sand.
Our various collection at the same horizon and place, when-
ever at all exten.sive, have never failed to produce several good
specimens of Peden of this and perhaps other nearly related
forms.
The specimens of this .so-called species found in famous
"sands" are ver}- variable in outline, size and markings. What
one usually finds is just what Lea described : one or more large
left valves, quite highh' ornamented, along with smaller right
valve with simpler ribbing. The right valves seem more elong-
ate, just as Lea remarks under his /jW//. Along with these, one
generally .secures fragments, at least, of large right valves with
flat, smooth, broad ribs, regarded by some as having been worn.
(See pi. 13, fig. 8.)
The right valve while j-oung possesses a very prominent an-
terior bys.sal ear with a deep notch, and a broad shallov.^ groove
extending to the beak, also about 5 imbricate rays ; posterior
ear much smaller, forming an angle of approximateh' 90 de-
grees with the hinge line and having about 5, often double,
rays ; general shell surface with ribs equalling interspaces in
width, about 18 well defined ribs on the face of the shell, with
half a dozen or .so fine radiating lines or subdivided riblets on
21 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda
the lateral unibonal margins ; surface ornamentation, imbricate
concentric lines ; ribs often showing an incilnation to bifurcate on
marginal areas, at least a deeply incised line is often seen on the
tops of the ribs in these regions ; near basal margin there is a
tendency to show obscurely, however, three raised lines on top of
main ribs and one or three lines in the inter-costal area.
Left valve while young showing markings similar to those
described above, with more nearl}- equal ears, however, and a
tendency to show at an earlier age three lines on top of the ribs:
and a strong line (often between two others) between the ribs ,
irregularities like subdivision of costae, increasing comparatixe
width of interradial spaces, great increase in radiating, fimbriate
lines on top of ribs on their sides and in interspaces, apparent;
shell deepening rapidly with age.
Occasionally on certain portions of the exterior of the left
valve a strong bi-partite structure is seen in the ribbing. This
has given rise to the varietal name tinnns \>y de Gregorio. We
do not think it of even varietal rank.
Concerning the tj'pe of deshayesi in the Phila. Acad, it may
be noted that it shows 20-22 primary, with as many inter-ribs ;
the latter apt to be on the anterior side of the intercostal
space ; traces of tertiary riblets ; few signs of riblets superim-
posed on primar}^ ribs ; finely, evenly crinkled, concentric in-
ci.sed lines on ears.
The type specimen of lyelli has about an equal number of
ribs ; but slight traces of intercostse and concentric line ; ribs not
showing bifurcation as plainly as is indicated by fig 7, pi. 13
of this work.
Types. — Philadelphia Acad. Coll., Cat. Nos. 5425, 5426.
Localities and Horizon. — Typically in the Claiborne sand
horizon. A specimen seemingly of the lyelli form is in our col-
lection from the Orangeburg district, S. C.
Specimens figured. — Collections at Cornell Univ.
Pecten wautubbeanus Dall, PI. 14. Figs, i, 2, 3, 4.
P. ( Oilainys) wahtubbeanus Dall, Trans. Wag. &c, 1898, vol. 3, p.
736, pi. 34, fig. 9.
Bulletin 31 32
DalPs orii^iual descripiion. — Shell small, fiattish, with small, unequal
ears and rounded tlisk ; fourteen or fifteen ribs carrying basally three dense-
ly finely imbricated, rounded threads, the interspaces narrower with tv.-o
crenulate threads; submargins with close, fine, imbricate threads ; ears prom-
inent, with a deep wide, byssal notch, radiately imbricate with coarse ele-
vated radial threads ; interior with shallow sulci, the cardinal crura devel-
oped but no lirse on the disk. Alt. 22, lat. 22 mm.
This species differs from the Claibornian* P. dcshaycsii Lea by its
threaded and less individualized ribs, its similarly sculptured valves, more
conspicuous notch, and concentric sculpture and smaller size when adult.
We have emended the spelling of this species, the "h" having
crept into the name from bad orthograpy of the collector. Dall
states that this species is "abundant at Waiitiibbee." Our col-
lections furnish many fine specimens from Wautubbee, but we
scarcely feel like giving it the wide geologic range implied in
"Claibornian and Jacksonian of Louisiana, Alabama and Mississ-
ippi."
This species is extremely variable in api^earance, even at the
t3'pe locality. The right valve seems to be far more abundant
and is flatter than the left and is more apt to assiune a worn ap-
pearance (see fig. ij. While the ribs, abotit the periphery in the
right valve, nearly always show the tri-partite markings described
by Dall, such secondary ornamentation on the left valve are far
less conspicuous though present on the lower margin of the shell
(see fig. 3). On the type specimen, however, such markings
are well defined.
Whenever the middle one of the three riblets is strongest,
then, whether the rib be worn or intact, it apears narrow. When-
ever the lateral riblets are well developed the rib has a broad ap-
|)earance and the interspaces seem narrow and deep. In extreme
cases the riblets are not distinctl}' developed but the imbricate
lines of growth are well defined. The general aspect of the shell
is accordingl}- greatly changed. Quite often, however, after a
very marked growth line, the tri-partite ornamentation reappears.
A verj' gibbose, perhaps somewhat pathologic specimen in our
*Note that on p. 738, Trans. Wag. Ill no Pectens are known from the
Claiborne sand.
23 St. IMai'rick and Claiborne Pelecypoda 23
collection from near Negreet P. O., La. shows this feature in a
remarkable degree . The broad ribbed variet>- we have named
cainei, see below. Also see fig. 8, type of variety. From the
selJtvformis, light-colored layers near the base of the bluff at Clai-
borne thin, varietal forms are found, one of which herewith fig-
ured (fig. 5) is quite as large as the average desliayesi from the
.sends above. It is characterized b}^ the scaly spinosity of the bi-
partite ribbing shown on valves of ivillcoxi Yi'aW (fig. 6), and de-
scribed also as deshaysei \2ir. tinnus by de Gregorio.
The intimate relationship of .some ioxwxs oi deshayesi ^vA wau-
tubbeanus may also be noted b}- the fact that the usual .small right
\'alves generally known as lyelli, in the collection of the U. S.
Nat. Mus. , No. 116,012, are classed 2iS wautubbeayiiis.
Type. — U. S. Nat. Museum.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens Jigured. — Wautubbee and Hickory, Miss. var. ;
fig. 5 from baseof bluff at Claiborne.
Localities. — Simpkins place, 3 mis S. E. of Negreet, and vSt.
Maurice, La ; Wautubbee, Hickory, 8 mis W. of Enteri)rise,
Miss. ; 3 mis S. W. of Orangeburg, S. C. ; Coffeeville, ba.se of
bluff at Claiborne, Ala.
Pecten (wautubbeanus var ?) willcoxi Dall, PI. 14. Figs. 6. 7.
P. ( U'aiititbbt'atiHs) var. 7i'i//co.ri Dall, Trans. Wag. &c., vol. 3, 1898,
p. 737, pi. 29, fig. 4.
Da IPs origi)taI description — Shell small, broad, flattish, thin ; left
valve with about sixteen narrow, rounded, elevated ribs, with somewhat
sparse, regularly spaced prickles on their tops ; between the ribs are similar,
but lower and smaller, non-dichotomous radial threads ; submargin very
narrow, nearly plain, with faint Cauiptonectes striation ; eans small, subequal,
except the byssal ear, which is longer, narrow, with a deep sinus and con-
spicuous fasciole, and about sixty scabrous radii, the right posterior ear with
concentric striae and only faint traces of a few radii ; the ears on the left
valve similar, with five or six .strong scabrous threads ; internal basal margin
of left valve with short flutings in harmony with the radial sculpture ; the
disk not grooved ; in the right valve the internal channels are more pro-
nounced ; the right hinge line has a single crural ridge parallel with the
margin on each side of the pit. Alt. 23, lat. 24 mm.
This form is closely related to P. ecautubbeanus, from which it differs
by the isolated character of the prickles on the ribs, which are replaced in
7vautnbbea fills by more or less continuous concentric lamellation, while the
24 Bulletin 31 24
ribs of the right valve of the latter are more or less split up, but in P. ivi'.l-
coxi present the appearance of a fascicle of separate threads. In v.orn spec-
imens of ci'autiibbeaiiHS the ribs appear rounded and plain after the removal
of the scales ; in luillcoxi the division into threads is distinct. Nevertheless
it is possible that a larger series may show the two forms to be merely the
extremes of a single species. From /'. lueinbranosus the present form is
easily distinguished by wnder hinge line, larger ears, thinner shell, and by
its radial threads fasciculated rather than subequally level.
We have given Ball's statements in full regarding" this form
for but few specimens .seem to have been included in any of our
collections. The specimens figured were loaned from the U. S.
Nat. Museum through Dr. Dall and came from "Clark Co.",
Miss.
Type. — U. S. Nat. Museum.
HoriBon.—St. Maurice Eocene.
General distribution.— "'V^oQ^xi^ oi Clark Co., Miss., and of
the Wautubbee Hills (Claibornian) ; Johnson and Burns." —
Dall.
Variety cainei n. var., PI. 14, Fig. 8.
This is characterized by the broad, simple ribs ornamented
with densely arranged, imbricate concentric lines.
Named in honor of T. A. Caine, a former .student who col-
lected a large amount of material from eastern Miss.
Type.—C. U. Collection.
Hoi'izon. — St. Maurice Stage.
/,^ra/z//V.y.— Wautubbee and Hickory, Miss.
Pecten pulchricosta Aid. and Mr., PL 14, Figs. 9, 10.
p. pulchricosta. Aid, Mr., Jr. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, 1SS6, p. 45,
pi. 2, fig. 23, a.
P. pulchricosta Dall, Trans. Wag., 1898, p. 730.
Aid. and Meyer's original description. — Convex, covered by eight
broad, rounded, radiating ribs, perceptible in the inside ; those in the mid-
dle are largest. Near the ventral margin they dissolve into more numerous
ribs. Wautubbee : only the figured valve is known.
Dall has increased our knowledge regarding the specific
characters of this species from National Museum material. He
says ;
95 vSt. Maurice and Claiborne Pklecypoda 25
"Shell small, thin, with eight large ribs, which near the umbo are di-
vided by one or two well-marked sulci, which soon become obsolete, after
which the ribs are simple ; the surface sculpture is of even, uniform, crowd-
ed, concentric elevated lines. The ears are subequal, the byssal notch well
marked".
The sulci mentioned by Dall are caused by a tendency on
one or both sides of the big ribs to form .secondarj' riblets. This
is especially noticeable near the umbo, but reappears near the
margin as implied b}' Aldrich and Meyer's description.
We do not find the number eight so rigidl}' fixed for the ribs
as former descriptions imply. Pcden clavatiis of the Mediterran-
ean is closely allied to this form. Aldrich and Me3'er seem to
have had only the right valve ; Dall, only the left. By a slight
lapsusiw the latter's work it is referred to the Jacksonian Eocene.
Type. — Aldrich Coll., Johns Hopkins Univ. Mus.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Cornell Univ. Mus.
Locality. — Wautubbee.
Pecten clarkeanus Aldrich, PI. 15. Figs. 8-13.
P. clarkeanus Aldrich, Bull. Am. Pal., vol. i, p. 68, pi. 6, fig. u, 1895.
P. frontalis VidiW, partiui. Trans. Wag., Ill, p. 753, '98
For Aldrich's original description, see Bull. Am. Pal., vol. i, p. 68, as
cited above.
This is a remarkably interesting and variable species as Aid-
rich has already pointed out. The vast number of 3'oung or
small forms show the beautifully fine and distinct radiation about
the umbo though with but .slight traces of radiate sculpturing
over the general surf ace of the shell (figs. 10, 12). Camptonectes
marking is, however, well defined. Occasionally the radiate
sculpturing expands and lengthens and covers the entire surface
of the shell (figs. 8, 13). Again it appears about the margins
ov\y (fig. 9.) The shell substance is thin, and as Aldrich re-
marks, recalls P. scintillatus. At the tj'pe locality only, Sowilpa
Cr., have we observed (in specimens kindly loaned b}' Aldrich)
the particular form of ribbing .shown on pi. 6, vol. i of these
Bulletins. (See also pi. 15, fig. 8, of the present work). Even
these specimens are not so thick and solid looking as the figure
26 Bulletin 31 26
perhaps suggests. This fact has doubtless led Dall to consider a
much more rugged form from the Brazos River, Tex., as true
clarkea7ius {yrans.Ws.^. Ill, 739, '98).
Not unfrequently valves of this species show a faint, broad,
quinque-costate structure (see figs. 10 and 11).
Small specimens of this species in the iVcadeaiy Collection are
labelled P. frontalis Dall. This name Dall gave to take the place
of P. rogersi Clark which was pre-occupied. (See Trans. Wag.,
pp. 731 and 753). Of the equivalenc}- of this Virginia form and
others from the Jackson of Miss, we cannot speak with authority.
Clark noticed his lapsus and renamed his rogersi, P. dalli, though
just after Dall had proposed the ndLmo. frontalis. The Va. forms
are doubtless closely allied to darkcaniis, but Aldrich's name has
three years priority over Dall's and Clark's.
Type. — Aldrich Coll. Johns Hopkins Univ. Coll. .
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — C. U. Coll.
Localities. — Sowilpa Cr. in type form (figs. 8 and 9). At
Hamilton Bluff and Lisbon often in abundance as small, almost
smooth, very thin and scintillatns-\\\i& specimens, though some-
times large and smooth or sometimes with evident costation.
Pecten (clarkeanus? var. ) burlesonensis, n. var., PI. 14. Figs. 11, 12, 13.
P. {Chlamys) clarkeanus Dall, Trans. Wag. Ill, p. 739, '98.
P. deshayesii Heilp., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1890, p. 403.
P. deshayesi Kennedy, Proc. Phila. Acad., &c., '95.
This is the form in Texas that has usually passed under the
name of deshayesi in reports on Eocene paleontolog}' of the State ,
but it is really much more nearly related to clarkeanus as described
elsewhere in these Bulletins. However, it is generally somewhat
higher, or narrower with a less expanding umbonal angle, thicker
or heavier, and with more pronouncedly radiately sculptured
\.\\dLX\. clajkeaniis. The surface about the umbones when smooth
have a somewhat worn appearance without the fine umbonal radi-
ation and the Camptonectes marking so well shown in clarkeanus.
The onl}' reason for referrring this io clarkea7i2is at all, is that,
although it is generally of the rather sharplv ribbed type, it does
27 St. Maurick and Claiborne Pelecypoda 27
show, say at Burleson's Bluff, a vast range in surface markings
both as to number, strength and extent of ribs. In this respect
it resembles clarkeanns. It will be interesting to note in the
future the characteristics of the related types found in Louisiana
and Mississippi.
7)'/)^.— Burleson Shell Bluff, C. U. Mus.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Fig. 11, loaned from U. S.Nat. Mus.
Figs. 12, 13, deposited in C. U. Paleont. Mus.
Localites. — Burleson Shell Bluff, Collier's Ferry or Black
Bluff shoals and Smithville, Tex.
Pecten cawcawensis, n. sp., PI. 16. Figs. 1-7'
Specific characterization. — Size and outline as indicated by the
figures; surface ornamentation, — about 23 ribs on each valve,
broad with narrow interspaces on the right, narrower with wider
interspaces on the left ; rarely 'signs of intercostce on the right,
conuuon on the left ; imbricating, fine, concentric, lamellse more
pronounced on the right valve.
This form has usually passed under the name of deshayesi,
but it will be seen by examining pis. 14 and 15 that the ribs of
ra-wcaicensis are much more sharply defined and differentiated and
lack the excessive ornamentation of superimposed riblets with
scaly imbrications in high relief. However, both are of the same
stock and doubtless will seem to intergrade when enough material
is collected from a large number of Mid-Eocene localities.
Types. — Paleont. Mus., Cornell Univ.
Horizoji. — vSt. Maurice Eocene.
Localities. — Columbia Road, 17 mis N. of Orangeburg, S. C.
(not far from Cawcaw Swamp) ; Claiborne, Ala? (see pi. 13,
fig. 8). Above Newbern, Neuse River, N. C.
Specimens from a locality numbered 5,205 in the U. S. Nat.
Mus. Catalogue (Flint River, old Danville Ferry, 16^ mis E. of
Americus, Ga. ) labelled deshayesi are more probably varieties of
eaivcazvensis.
28 Bulletin 31 38
Pecten scintiilatus var. corneoides, n. var., Pi. 15. Figs. 15, 16.
Pseiidaniusiuni daibornense Har., partiiii, Bull. Am. Pal., vol. 2, p.
235, pi. 13, fig. I.
P. calvatus Dall (non Mort), /><? ;-///;/, Tran,s. Wag., Ill, 98, p. 752.
P. scintillatns HaW, parti III , id., p. 752.
Specific characterization . — Form and .size as indicated by the
figures (see also fig. in Bull. Am. Pal. referred to in the .sjaiony-
my) ; substance of the shell thicker when adult than in scintiilatus
of the Jacksonian ; appearance like that of corneus of England,
though smaller ; surface practically without markings save the
fine concentric lines of growth and a few radiating rays on the
anterior ear, such ra3's when adult, separated by a rather broad,
smooth space from the anterior margin of the shell as indicated
in fig. 16; posterior ear in adult shell with exterior angle ap-
approximating 90° and not so obtuse as in scintiilatus (fig. 14)
nor so acute as in calvatus ; 3'oung .shells in Mississippi, St.
Maurice stage, approaching close in outline to scintiilatus, but
here as elsewhere so far as observed no Camptonectes marking
(.so finely shown in scintiilatus^ have been observed ; left valve
very flat in umbonal region, becoming deeper centrally and basal-
ly, with a faint, medial fold rapidly expanding basall}'.
Type specimen. — The Hatchetigbee specimen figured in Bull.
Am. Pal, as cited above.
Horizon. — Sabine and St. Maurice.
Specimens figured. — Deposited in C. U. Mus., St. Maurice.
Localities. — Three miles E. of Alto, Cherokee Co., near
Crockett, Houston Co., Tex. St. Maurice, Winnfield Marble
Quarry and Hammett's Branch, La. Hickory and Wantubbee,
Miss. Hatchetigbee, and base of bluff at Claiborne, Ala.
Specimens of this form from Enterprise Miss., in the U.S.
Nat. Museum, No. 137,665, are labelled/*, sci^itillatus.
Amussium squamulum Lamarck ? PI. 15. Figs. 17, 18.
For synonymy and discussion see Bull. Am. Pal., vol. 2, p. 1897, p.
236.
In the St. Maurice stage as exhibited about the mouth of
Negreet Baj^ou, La., there are often many badly pre.served speci-
29 St. Mauricp: and Claiborne Pelecypoda 29
mens ver>' similar apparenth- to these we have referred to hereto-
fore as A. sg7(afiiu/nvi. The}' are, however, about 40 per cent
larger than the Woods Bluff specimens, are perhaps a little more
regularly inflated, and have the interior ribbing extending not so
near the lower margin.
Specimens Jigiired.—'^egreet Bayou, La ; deposited in Pal"
eont. Mus., Cornell Univ.
Lima harrisiana Aldrich, PI. 16. Figs, i, 2.
L. /larrisiana Aid., Nautilus, vol. 24, 1910, p. 74, pi. 4. figs. 10, 11.
Aldrich's original description. — vShell oblong, slightly oblique, radi-
ally sculptured, covered with close-set lines slightly nodular ; between them
in the sunken .spaces are fine dotted lines which die out towards the hinge line
and umbo. The ribs are very numerous, near the umbo on one side they ap-
pearquite nodulous ; ears very unequal, hinge nearly straight, but somewhat
inclined to the central axis. In a young specimen the ribs appear to be nod-
ulous and the inner margin denticulated.
Longest axis 17mm.
Locality. — Smithville, Texas.
Remarks: This species seems to be rather close to L. vicksbiirgiaiia
Dall, but has many more ribs, over 50 in all.
We have found one specimen belonging to this genus in the
Mid- Eocene of. America and that is the one herewith figured.
The A. ozarkana djeseri^oe^^hy us in a former Bulletin from the
Sabine stage belongs to quite a different type of Lii)ia.
Type. — Aldrich collection.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specime7is figtircd. — Deposited at Cornell.
Localities.— '$irm'(\\.v\\\e, Tex. ; Atlanta road six miles W. o^
Winnfield, La., S. E. of the so-called Marble Quarry.
Spondylus sp.
Accompanying the Winnfield specimen of Z. harrisiana \s a
fragment of Spondylus of diiviosian type but too imperfect for
further characterization.
Pteria limula Conrad, PI. 16. Figs. 3-7.
.-Ivicula limula Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. P'orm., Oct. 1833, p. 39.
A. claibornensis h&A, Cont. to Geol. Dec. 1833, p. 86, pi 3, fig. 65.
A. claibornensis de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc 1890, p. 183, pi. 22, fig. 4.
A. cardincrassa de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc, 1890, p. 184, pi. 22,
BUIXETIN 31 30
figs. 1-2.
Conrad's original description. — Shell convex, with slight concentric
undulations ; umbo tapering gradually towards the apex, which is acute,
but not prominent ; wings large and very oblicjiie ; sinus of the posterior
margin not profound ; nacre very pearly and irridescent. Height i \( inches.
This .species seems to var}^ considerably in obliquity, and
thickness of shell. It seems never to occur in perfect condition ;
generally only the thicker, iimbonal region is found. By exam-
ining the fragments, however, it becomes apparent that the wing
was quite pointed ; rudiments of cardinal teeth in left valve ob-
vious ; ligament submergent, broad.
Type- Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Geological horizon. — Claibornian and St. Maurice, and per-
haps Sabine Eocene. None with the thickening of the valves
shown by the figures on pi. 16 (figs. 3-7) have come to the writ-
er's attention from horizons below the Claibornian.
Specimens Jigm-ed. — Claiborne sands, Paleont. Mus. Cornell
Univ.
A fairly perfect specimen of a left valve, thinner and much
more erect, possibly of this species, has been found 2 miles \V. of
Crockett, Houston Co., Tex. Coll. Univ. of Tex.
Pinna gravida, n.sp., PI. 16. Fig. S-ii.
Specific characterization. — Shell moderate in length, but of
extreme convexity, giving a cross-section half way from beak to
posterior almost a circular form ; nearer the beak the cross-sec-
tion appears to be elliptical, wider than high. Markings on
shell rarely of sufficient strength to show through on cast of inter-
ior (usually the only form in which the species is found). Rare-
ly on imprints of exterior a few radiating raised costae are shown
on the superior part of the shell, while commonly concentric un-
dulations are seen near the basal portion. (Compare form with
P. vexi///nn Born. Recent.)
Type. — Deposited in Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Locality. — St. Maurice, La. Fragments of what appear to
be of this species are abundant in the St. Maurice of Texas.
31 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecvpoda 31
Pinna cawcawensis.n. sp., PI- i7- Figs, i, 2.
General .shape and size indicated by fig. i ; .surface of the
valves with numerous radii above, well defined ; below with con-
centric undulations upon which are superimposed even more radi-
ating costse than above, but they are less di-stinct. Zigzag ba.ses
of fimbriate folds upon the ribs precisely as in the living sqiiawos-
issiinaVhW., or seminuda Lam. (pi. 16, figs. 12-13).
In outline this is Xike jacksoniana Dall, or argcntea Con.
The Claiborne sand, Jackson and Vicksburg specimens, however,
.so far as our specimens show, had no well-developed dermal,
semicircular spines, and too, the radii on the lower portion of the
shell are fewer than above, and of uncertain direction.
Type and specimens fii^iired. — Depo.sited in the Paleont. Mus.
Cornell Univ.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Locality. — Five miles N. of Orangeburg, Columl.)ia Road,
S. C.
Pinna .sp.
Several fragments of a Pinna ver}' similar in form to caurarv-
cnsis, argentea sxA jacksoniana are in our collections from the
Claiborne sand beds. Their .surface characters are too imperfect
to admit of specific description.
Aldrich (Bull, i, Geol. Surv. Ala. 86, p. 49) refers to Pi)ina
"very large" at Coffeeville. Ala.
Modiolus cawcawensis, n. sp., PI. 17- Figs. 3, 4
Specific characterization. — Size and form as figured; inflated
along a well defined umbonal ridge anteriorly, becoming le.ss ven-
tricose from the center of the shell posteriorly ; posterior broadl\'
and evenly rounded ; exterior with generally fine but more or
le.ss variable concentric lines of growth.
In general outline this shell recalls N. dncatelii of Maryland
Miocene, but is broader po.steriorly and without the remarkable
concentric fold on the anterior of that species.
It is far less angulated as to umbonal .slope and pcsterior ex-
tremity than cretacea of Conrad.
BULIvETlN 31 32
Type and specimen figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Stage.
Locality. — Columbus road, 5 miles N. of Orangeburg, S. C.
Modiolus (Mauricia) houstonius Harris, PI. 17. Fig. 5-a.
Modiola houstonia Har. , Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895, p. 46. pi-
I, fig. I.
Lithophaga houstonia Dall, Trans. Wag. , III, '98, pp. 798, 801.
Mauricia, n. sub. gen.
Spathella-shape, with undulations on post-umbonal slope,
d^^ng away on area below the ridge ; fine radii upon and above
the ridge ; Brachidontes radii on the anterior ; .shell thin, per-
laceous.
Harris's original description of houstonia. — General form of shell as
figured ; thin, showing concentric lines of growth on the area below the um-
bonal ridge ; above the same with broad, concentric undulations, becoming
more numerous towards the umbones ; anterior radially striate.
We cannot accept Ball's reference of this peculiar form to
Lithophaga becaue of : ist, the well defined umbonal ridge ; 2d,
the radiating lines medially, and the stronger ones on the anter-
ior, and 3d, the total lack of the encircling or zonal .sculpturing
.so common in Lithophagcs and evidently a result of rotary motion
in their excavations.
Type and specimens figured. — Texas Univ. Coll. I\Ius. No.
145-
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Localities. — Three miles N. E. of Crockett, Houston Co.,
Texas ; Chautauqua, La. ; 5 miles N. W. of Orangeburg S. C.
Modiolus texanus Gabb, PI. 17. Figs. 6, 7
Perna texana Gabb, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1861, p. 371.
Modiola texana Har., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1895, p. 46, pi. i, fig. 2.
Gabb" s original description. — Elongated, subtriangular. Beak« term-
inal, small ; umbones prominent, though small ; anterior end rounded, nar-
row ; cardinal margin straight, basal broadly sinuous ; posterior basal angle
abruptly rounded ; posterior edge broadly convex, uniting with a regular
curve with the cardinal line. Umbonal ridge high, convex ; anterior slope
abrupt and slightly convex near the margin towards the Vjeak, between
which convexity and the ridge is a slight concavit}' ; posterior slope regular-
33 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 33
Surface covered by numerous, radiating, dichotonious ridges, flattened
above, separated by deep depressions and crossed by fine lines of growth.
These ribs almost disappear on the anterior umbonal slope for about the
marginal half of its width.
Length from beak to posterior angle, 2 inches. Width at a right angle
to the first measurement, .9 in. Depth of valve .4 in.
From a coarse brown highly fossiliferous Eocene sandstone from
Caddo Peak, Texas. My collection, from Dr. ]\Ioore, State Geologist of
Texas.
The one thing most characteristic of the specimens we have
referred to this species is the presence of a few, very strong cos-
tx at the extreme anterior, somewhat as figured by Deshayes
under J/, spatulata (see fig. 7).
It is quite pos.sible that some, at least, of the many Modiolus
fragments from near Grovetown, Ga., (Bull. 16, p. 6) one of
which is herewish figured (fig. 8), should be referred to texanus.
Near the margins of the .shell there seems to be less dichotomos-
ing of the costae, however, than shown in texanus.
Type. — Phila. Acad. Collection.
Geological horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimen figured. — From near Red Land, La ; (U. S. Nat.
Mus. Sect. 19, R 12 W ; .sp. 23, N. — Harris).
Localities. — Caddo Peak, 2 miles S. W. of Campbellton, At-
ascosa Co., 2 miles E. of Arnold's Ranch, Erie Co., Tex. ; near
Red Land, Vivian, and 7 miles N. of Plaindealing, La.
Specimens from No. 7724, U. S. Nat. Mus., McBean, 3.7 miles
S. of Hephzibah, Burke Co., Ga. are probably texanus.
Modioiaria alabsmensis Meyer, PI. 17. Fig. 9.
M. alabaiuieiisis Meyer, Bull, i, Geol. Surv. Ala., 1886, p. 83, pi. 3,
fig. 19.
Meyer's original description. — Rhomboidal, thin; the small anterior
and large posterior part with radiating ribs, leaving the middle of the shell
and the umbo smooth ; hinge edentulous, anterior hinge-line notched.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala. ; "Lowest Claibornian."
The figured type is a young shell.
We have found nothing like this in our collections and hence
quote Meyer verbatim and reproduce his figure. We cannot helj)
feeling that this may be the young of M. texanus. Dall, how-
ever, refers to it (Trans. Wag. Ill, '98, p. 806) as "a well char-
34 BULI.ETIN 31 '34
acterized s]~!ecies.
Lithophaga claibornensis Conrad, PI. 17. Figs. 10, u.
Lithodonius daibornensis Con., Jr. Phila., Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. i, p.
132, pi. 14, fig. 27, 1848.
Lithophaga claibornensis Qon., Anier. Jr. Conch. , vol. i, 1865, p. 11.
Lithodomns claibornensis Aid., Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. i, p. 69, pi. 6,
fig. 14.
Conrad's oi'iginal description. — Verj' thin and fragile, inflated; pos-
terior hinge margin obliquely truncated, the extremity regularly rounded ;
lines of growth distinct.
Locality. — Claiborne, Alabama.
We give herewith as fig. 1 1 a copy of Conrad's figure in the
Journal of the Philadelphia Academ 3-. The t3'pe specimen, about
I b)' }^ in. long is still in the Academy's Collection. Likewise an-
other, rather C5dindrical fragment. Aldrich's figure, here given
as fig. 10, has a somewhat different form from Conrad's, but re-
garding this matter he makes no comments.
This must certainly be regarded as one of the most rare spe-
cies at Claiborne. Gregorio, Cossmann, Dall and ourselves have
had access to no new material.
Lithophaga petricoloitles Lea, PI. 17. Figs. 12, 13.
Byssoniia petricoloides Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1880, p. 48, pi. i, fig. 16.
Lithodouuis petricoloides De Greg., Annal. de Geol., et Pal., 1890, p.
184, pi. 22, figs. 7 and 8.
Lea's original description. — Shell subcylindrical, very thin, very
transverse, indistinctly striate, on the posterior part obliquel)' and obsolete-
ly folded ; beaks scarcely perceptible ; posterior and anterior cicatrices per-
ceptible.
Diam. . . . Length .1. Breadth .3 of an inch.
Observations. — With much doubt I have placed this shell in Cuvier's
genus Byssoniia. It agrees better with his description of that genus than
any one I know. Unfortunately I have obtained but a single valve and
that is imperfect. It has a strong resemblance to Petricola pholadiforniis
(Lamarck) {P./ornicata, Say), but is to appearance entirel}' without teeth,
having several irregular folds about the beak. It differs also in the exterior
folds or ribs, which are, in the pholadifonnis, marked and situated on the
anterior part.
The figures herewith given are from de Gregorio. He
.seems to have found some nearl}^ perfect valves. The generic
position of this form is still in .some doubt. Fragments in our
35 St. Maurice and Ci^aiborne Pelecypoda
collection are not perfect enough for further determinations.
Type. — Lea Coll., No. 5074, Phila. Acad.
Crenella latifrons Conrad, PI. 17. Figs. 14, 15, 16.
CrcncIIa latifronsQ.o\\.,]r.V\\\\A. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. IV, i860, p.
296.
C? latifrons Con., Amer. Conch., vol. i, 1855, p. 11.
Conrad's original description. — Obliquely sub-oval, inflated, thin,
highly pearlaceous ; anterior side produced or alated above ; strire very
closely arranged, elegant and minute, cancellate anteriorly.
Locality. — Alabama. Dr. Showalter.
Otto Meyer described {Bericht itb. d. Scnckcnbergischc nj.
Gesel. in Frankf^irt a. M., 1887, p. 10 sond.-Ab.) a Modiola teuuis
and figured the same as fig. 7 and pi. 2 of his report, from the
Jackson Eocene. This, Dall maintains is the same as Conrad's
Crenella latifrons. (See Trans. Wag., Ill, p. 798.) This is
quite possibly true. But Meyer .strangeh" makes no reference to
the radiating lines .so clearly defined in the Claibornian species.
We have several fragmentary specimens before us mo.stly from
the U. S. Nat. Mus. Claiborne .sand material. Some we herewith
figure.
. Perhaps the most noteworthy feature of the species is the
broadly out-folding anterior margin of the shell.
The radiating striae are very much finer than in margaritacca
and do not show on the margins.
Type. — Claiborne sands, Phila. Acad.
Crenella margaritacea Conrad, PI. 17. Figs. 17-20.
Stalagminni inargaritaceuin Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Fonn, Oct., 1833,
P- 39-
Jfyoparo costata Lea, Cont. to Geol., Dec. '33, p. 74, p. 74, pi. 2, fig. 51.
Stalaginiuvi margaritaceuin Con., Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 10.
Crenella costata de Greg., Faun. Hoc. Ala., 1S90, p. 185, pi. 22, figs.
8-14.
Crenella margaritacea Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, '98, p. 803.
Conrad's original description. — Shell very small, ob-ovate, convex,
with distinct, ra^diating stride ; beaks prominent and curved forward ; lunule
short, cordate, slightly impres,sed ; inner margin minutely crenulated.
Specimens of this minute vah-e are not rare at Claiborne,
l>ut we have .seen it from but one other locality — Lee Co., Tex.,
36 BULIvETiN 31 36
in the Aldrich Collection.
Type. — Lost.
Specimens Jigitred. — Paleont. Coll. Cornell Univ^
Crenella isocardioides I^ea, PI. 17. Fig-;. 22-24.
Hippagus isocardioides l^ea., Cont. to Geol.,iS33, p. 72, p. pi. 2,
fig- 50.
Hippagus isocardioides de Greg. , Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., p. 226, pi.
35, figs. 22-28.
Crenella isocardioides Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, '98, p. 803.
Lea's original description. — .Shell cordate, much inflated ; longi-
tudinal, minutely and longitudinally ribbed, flattened before and behind,
ridged along the umbonal slope ; substance of the shell rather thick ; beaks
large, recurved ; cicatrices impressed ; cavity of the shell very deep ; mar-
gin minutely crenulate ; nacre somewhat pearly.
Diam 3-2oths, L,ength 5-2oths, Breadth 3-2oths of an inch.
The exterior marking on this minute species is very faint. I
have seen none so well preserved that the marginal crennlations
show, nor have I seen it elsewhere than at Claiborne.
7>'/>^.— Phila. Acad. Coll.
Specimeyis figured . — Paleont. Miis. Cornell Univ.
Limopsisaviculoides Conrad, PI. iS. Figs. 1-7.
PectiiHculus aviculoides Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form, Oct., 1833, p. 39.
Pectunculus obliqua Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 78, pl. 3, fig. 57.
Limopsis aviculoides Con., Jr. Phila., Acad. vol. 5, p. 297, pl. 47, fig. 12.
Limopsis obliqua Cossm., Notes Compl., 1893, p. 16.
Conrad's original description. — Shell sub-oval, verj' oblique, with
minute radiating lines interrupted by regular, prominent, concentric .striae ;
umbo prominent ; beaks rather elevated ; apex acute ; series of cardinal
teeth interrupted in the center by a triangular fosset ; cavity capacious, mar-
gin crenulated. Length >^ of an inch.
So far as our knowledge of this species goes it appears to be
mainly confined to the central part of the Mississippi Embay-
ment, — Louisiana and Mississippi produce the greater percentage
of specimens. The Claibornian specimens are few and compara-
tively small. Several years' collection by members of the Geol-
ogical Survey of Texas brought to light no specimens.
Conrad must have had an unusuallj' large specimen for Ala-
bama in describing the t3'pe.
37 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 37
T)'/^.— From Claiborne, Phila. Acad. ; Con. Coll.
Horizons. — St. Maurice (abundant and large specimens ;
Claibornian, few and and small specimens.)
Specimens figured. — Figs, i, 3, 4, 5, St. Maurice, La. ; Fig.
2, Hickcr}^ Miss ; figs. 6, 7, Claiborne sands, Claiborne, Ala.
All at Cornell.
Localities. — Loidsiana : Sabine R., S. E. cor. Tp. 5 N. R.
13 W. ; St. Maurice ; well at Atlanta ; Winnfield, Ruston, Cal-
vin, Winona, Columbus, Marble Q'3'. Miss.: Wautubbee, 8
miles N. E. of Enterprise ; Hickory. Alabama : Claiborne
sands, Claiborne Bluff.
Genus TRINACRIA
On account of the varying outline of species belonging to
this genus the word Trinacria is somewhat misleading. Speci-
mens may vary from cuneate forms with a sharpl}^ defined
umbonal ridge to those ellipsoidal or nearly circular. Still there
are man)- features common to them all, and it seems impossible to
form natural subgeneric groups. The following constant features
may be noted : Taxodont hinge curved, Glycymeris-like, voxy
short in pointed shells, lengthening in transverse shells ; pit be-
neath the umbo triangular, developed almost wholly anteriorly
from the beak ; narrow and deep in cuneate forms, widely ex-
panded and vertically contracted in broader forms ; exterior
marked with fine radiate striations usually stronger in the gib-
bose species, almost obsolete in the flattish ; posterior with al-
ways a hint of truncation with a post-umbonal ridge and .slope, —
features which when projected in a post-basal direction bring
about the strong cuneate, carinate outlines already referred to.
The outline of these Eocene species being so various has caused
them to referred to several different genera by different authors
(see the various synonymies below) , but we see no good reason
for subdividing a natural group.
Trinacria cuneus Conrad, PI. 18. Figs. 8, 9.
Pectunculus cutieus Con., A. J. Sci., vol. 33, p. 342., Jan. 1833.
Nucula carini/era I^ea, Cont. to Geol. Dec. 1833, (Dec.) p. 198, pi, 6,
fisr. 212.
38 Bulletin 31 38
IJnwpsis cuneus Con., Jr. Acad. Nat. .Sci., vol. 4, i860, p. 297, pi. 47,
fig. 17.
Trigonouelix ciineiis Con., Amer. Jr. Conch, vol. i, '65, p. 12.
Linwpsis ( Trigonoccelia) cuneus de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. &c., 1890,
p . 191, pi. 23, fig. 28 b.
Trinacria cuneus Cossniann, Notes Suppl., 1893, p. 15.
Conrad^s original description. — Shell cuneiform, broad, posterior end
flattened and forming an angle at the umbonial slope. Length, half an
inch. This is a very remarkable species very unlike any I have hitherto
seen.
Locality. — Claiborne, .W?l., London clay.
This is the most cuneate of the American Eocene species of
this genus and is closely allied to certain Paris Basin forms. A
clo.se study of the beaks and ligamental pits in this and the for-
eign representatives is sufficient to prove that we have here sim-
ph' one extreme in a long series of species, all really closely akin.
The shortness of the series of hinge teeth is brought about by
the pointed umbones ; the beaks are really opisthogyrate ; the
pit is anterior to the beak as developed and is necessarily deep to
possess the required volume in such a contracted space ; radii no-
ticeable anteriorly and posteriorl3\
The sperimens figured are from the Claiborne sand.
In Bull. I of the Ala. State Geol. Surv. Aldrich has starred
this in the Lisbon column (and not the Claiborne) but all speci-
mens known to me are from the 17 ft. "sand" bed.
7)'/>^.— Phila. Acad. Coll.
Specime7is figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Trinacria ledoides Meyer, PI. 18. Figs. 10 a.
Trigonoccelia ledoides Meyer, Bull. Ala. Geol. Surv., No. i, 1886, p.
79, pi, I, fig. 20.
Liinopsis ( Trigonocuelia) ledoides de Greg., [Mon. Faun. Eoc, Ala.,
1890, p. 191.
Trinacria ledoides Dall, Trans. Wag. &c, vol. Ill, p. 604.
Trinacria ledoides Cossmann, Ann. de Geol. and Pal., 12th liv., 1893,
p. 15-
Meyer's original description. — Convex, ovate; posterior side carin-
ated ; hinge narrow, divided by a minute pit ; about eight teeth on each
side ; more vertical near the pit, more horizontal near the end ; surface with
concentric lines of growth crossed by indistinct radiating lines, which are
not perceptible on the umbo, beak turned toward the carinated side ; the
39 ^T. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 39
muscular impression of this side is oval and less distintinct ; an elevated
radiating line passes along its side ; margin entire.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Cossmann seems to have gotten .some specimens of this ver_\'
rare species in his barrelful of Claiborne sand, and has somewhat
rectified Meyer's description, ba.sed solely on one worn speci-
men. He verj- properly compares it with media of the Paris
Basin, to which it is clo.sel\' allied.
The gibbose, small specimens figured b}' de Gregorio, pi. 23,
figs. 15-19 of his work and referred to as ''delivis' are certainly
not that species as its j'oung are rather flatfish, as will be seen by
referring to pi. 19, of this work. They would fit in much better
v:\\\\ ledoides, perhaps Qonx2i<\'s corbitloides.
This species when well preser\-ed in the Claiborne sands
shows traces of very fine radiating sculpture, of a much more
even type than in pulchra or its mutations. Specimens from the
Orangeburg district are with practically no trace of radiate sculp-
ture. The species is very gibbo.se and corbuloid. This leads us
to wonder if perhaps Conrad's very elusive ' ' Limopsis corbuloidcs '
may not be this same species. A former note made at the
Phila. Academy is to the effect that in a tray in the Conradian
collection there are two original labels, one "Limopst's declivis^'
and the other "■Limopsis corbuloides". Of the seven specimens,
six are of the St. Maurice stage declivis, "one however, smaller,
more inflated and cuneiform, doubtfully of the same species " At
the present writing we are unable to say whether this smaller
specimen is the young of fl'^m^^ or an adult ledoides. Conrad's
original description {oi corbuloides) reads : "Subtriangular, with
one side cuneate and angulated on the submargin ; beaks cen-
trals, cavity capacious, margin entire." No one seems to have
re-identified Conrad's species. Even he, while clearing up the
''Limopses" in the Jr. Phila. Acad., IV, i860, p. 297, omits a
figure of corbuloides, though he carries it along in his li.st of '65,
Am. Jr. Conch., vol. i.
7)//^.- Aldrich Coll. J. H. Univ. Coll.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
40 Bulletin 31 40
Specimen figures. — C. U. Pal. Mus.. from Claiborne.
Localities. — Claiborne Ala. ; 3 and 6 miles W. N. W. of
Orangeburg, S. C.
Trinacria pulchra Gabb, PI. 18. Figs. 11-14.
Ncetia pulchra Gabb, Jr. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., IV, i860, p, 388, pi.
67, fig. 55.
Liniopsis pulcherYi^^^., Proc. Acad. &c., 1890, p. 403.
Same as Trinacrina dicisa, fide Dall, Trans. Wag. Ill, '65, p. 658.
Same as Liniopsis decisusf ,fide Con., J. A. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 12.
For Gabb's original description, see these Bulletins, vol. 2, p. 240.
We note that Dall calls attention to Sowerby's Area pulchra,
dating from 1824, but on no occasion do we find Gabb using
Noetia with pulchra except as an independent genus. The name,
also, is verj^ appropriate. As to its relationship to dccisa one
notes at once its smaller and much more inflated form and com-
paratively thicker shell and stronger radial markings. It is
very characteristic of the St. Maurice stage W. of the Mississ-
ippi.
The sculpturing varies from rather pronounced radiating
raised lines (appearing most pronounced between the growth
lines) to those less conspicuous, but broader, separated by
sharpl 3^ depressed lines of growth. Gabb's sketch of this species
as shown in the Jr. Phil. Acad., above referred to is not bad,
showng as it does the true form, size and the characteristic liga-
mental area of the genus.
Type.—V\i\\2i. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Stage of the Eocene.
Speci^nen figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Texas: Colorado River, Devil's Eye, Bastrop
Co. : Smithville, Bastrop Co. ; Wheelock, Robertson Co. ; Cedar
Cr., Robertson Co. ; Eittle Brazos River, near Mosley's Ferry
road ; Well at College Sta., Brazos Co. ; Alabama Bluff , Trinity
River ; Campbell Cr. , Gifford Headright, Robertson Co. ; Ber-
ryman place, Kimble headright, Cherokee Co. ; Orrell's Crossing,
Elm Cr., Lee Co. ; one mile south from Nevilles, Gonzales Co. ;
three miles south of Palestine, Anderson Co. ; Anderson's
Ranch, Frio. Co. Louisiana : Chautauqua ; deep water well at
41 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 41
the Brewery, Monroe. South Carolina : Orangeburg District.
Var. sabinica n. var. PI. 18. Figs. 15, 16.
On the Sabine River, particularly near the township line be-
tween 4 and 5 north, though on the Texas side, there is a
marked form oi pulchra, much more carinate and cuneiform and
of much smaller dimensions than typical specimens. In fact, in
outline it closely approaches ledoides of Mej'er. But, as will be
seen by the illustrations it is really not at all closely related to
that species.
Trinacria decisa Conrad, var. PI. 18. Figs. 17-19.
PI. 19. Figs. I, 2.
Pedunculus decisus Con, Foss. Shells &c., 1833, p. 39.
Limopsis decisus Con., Jr. Pliila. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. IV, i860, p. 297-
8, pi. 47, fig. 16.
Probably Trinacria decisa Cossmann, Notes Compl., '93, p. 16, figs.
17, 18.
Conrad's original description. — Shell longitudinally suboval, equi-
lateral, with obsolete radiating striae ; posterior end obliquely truncated,
umbonial slope angulated, incurved ; beaks small, pointed and recurved ;
cardinal teeth small and crowded ; series not much arcuated ; margin en-
tire. Length % an inch.
We have no specimens from the Claiborne "sands" that
could be referred to this species. However, Cossman has illus-
trated a small, seemingly rather flat specimen with fine radiating
lines clearly referable to a variety of decisa. In the Orangeburg
District, S. C. we have several much larger specimens of the
same general type, one to which we have given the name caro-
lina (fig. iS, a). With it, however, are forms becoming much
shorter proportionally, and deeper, and having the umbones
more deflected posteriorly, these we styled var. abbreviata (fig.
19). They show by their general configuration and faint, broad
ribs (often bifurcate) that they are very closely akin to the spec-
imens of this species occurring rather sparingly with declivis at
the base of Claiborne Bluff and at Lisbon (see illustrations, pi.
18). ■
Horizo7i and localities. — St. Maurice : Base of bluff at Clai-
borne and lyisbon, Ala. ; Cedar Cr., Wheelock league ; Colorado
River at Smithville ; Trinity River at Alabama Bluff ; Brazos
42 Bulletin 31 42
River, 500 yards below the mouth of lyittle Brazos, Tex. Ham-
mett's Branch, Sabine River ; Ruston Well, La.
Var. carolhia. — Three miles and six miles W. N. W. of
Orangeburg, S. C.
Var. abbreviata. — Six miles W. N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C.
Trinacria declivis Conrad, Pl. 19. Figs. 3-6.
Pedunculus declivis Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 39.
Limopsis declivis Con., Jr. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 4, i860, p. 297,
pl. 47, fig. 13.
Limopsis declivis de Greg., Faun. Eoc. de 1' Ala., 1890, p, 191, pl. 23,
figs. 21-24.
Trigonoarca declivis TtaXl, Trans. Wag. &c., Ill, '95, p. 606.
Conrad' s origitial descriplion.— Shell ovate acute, rather compressed,
with fine concentric crowded lines, and very minute and obscure radiating
lines, which become very distinct on the posterior side, near the extremity ;
posterior side cuneiform ; beaks small, pointed and recurved ; series of
cardinal teeth interrupted under the beaks ; margin entire. Length 3^ of an
inch.
The posterior basal margin is drawn out characteristicall)-
only in adult forms, the young are nearly quadrate (pl. 19, fig. 5) .
The exterior markings on this shell are very characteristic. Radii
are clearly defined on the posterior portion, but die away anter-
iorly where concentric lines become more prominent, certain of
the latter still show a trace of the radiate ornamentation in the
form of concentric, microscopic beading.
This is the abundant and well preserved species of this genus
found near the water's edge in the blue clays just above the "Up-
per Landing" at Claiborne, — the Cardita densata bed of Conrad.
Common also at Lisbon, a few miles higher up the Alabama river.
Types. — Phila. Acad. Mus.
Specimens Jignred. — Paleont. Coll. Cornell Univ.
Trinacria pectuncularis Lea, PL 19. Figs. 7-8.
Nucula pectuncularis Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 81, pl. 3, fig. 60.
Lintopsis pectuncularis Con., Jr. Am. Conch., vol. i, '65, p. 12.
Trinacria peclunculans Dall, Trans. Wag. &c.. Ill, '95, p. 577.
Lea's original description .^Shell trapezoidal, compressed, nearly
equilateral, angular before, rounded behind, flattened on the sides, straight
at basal margin, longitudinally and minutely ribbed ; anterior slope large,
carinate ; substance of the shell thin ; beaks recurved, pointed ; both series
43 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 43
of teeth small and nearly eqnal, the posterior one rather the smaller ; fosset
on the plate and immediately under the beak, oblique ; cavity of the shell
shallow; margin entire; nacre apparently not pearly.
Diam. . . Length, i, Breadth 3-2oths of an inch.
A single valve only of this truly interesting little Nucula has been ob-
tained by me. It differs in outline from any species I am acquainted with,
its trapezoidal form being very peculiar. At first sight, upon examination
of the teeth, I took it to be a Pectunctdus, but a further examination with
the microscope showed me the fosset for the ligament, between the two
series of teeth. It has a distinct fosset, but unlike the genus generally in
this, it is placed above the teeth, and directly at the point of the beak. We
may with great propriety, consider this to be the connecting link with the
Pedunculi, the "nuance" being into that of the P. ellipsis (nob). A more
complete junction could scarcely be established.
This is a well-defined but very rare .species. Neither Greg-
oriornor Cossman seemed to have obtained specimens of it. Ball's
remark that it should be referred to Trinacria seem to indicate
that he had specimens before him in 1895.
The sinuo,sity of the posterior margin is generally well-de-
fined, likewise a basal emargination. Fig. 8, however, is quite
regtilar in outline.
Type. — Probably one of the three specimens found glued on
the some card and labelled Nucula pcduncularis, catalogued by
the writer as 5404 of the Acad. Record. Lea sa^-s he had but
"a single valve."
Locality and Jiorizon.—C\2X\iOX\\& "sand" at Claiborne, Ala.
Trinacria ovalls, n. sp., Ph 19- Fig- 9 a.
Specific characterization. — Form and size as figured ; sub-
stance of shell rather thin ; somewhat inflated centrally ; main
shell surface and post-umbonal slope not sharply differentiated ;
posterior margin rounded, non-truncate and not pointed basally ;
radiate ornamentation fine and weak.
From the St. Maurice formation as the ba.se of the Claiborne
bluff, above the Upper Landing, just below the Ferry.
Type. — Paleont. Mus., Cornell Univ.
Trinacria perplana Conrad, PI. 19. Figs. 10,11.
Pectunculus perplauHS Con., Jr. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., ist ser., vol. 7,
1834, p. 134. (Not in Foss. Sh. &c., p. 40. as stated by Conrad in
44 Bulletin 31 44
A. J. Conch, vol. i, p. 12 ; nor is it shown as fig. 16, pL 47, in
Jr. Phila. Acad., vol, 4, 2d ser. as Conrad states.
Trigonarca perpla7ia Dall, Trans. Wag., &c.. III. 1895, p. 606.
Conrad's original description. — Shell suboval, much compressed:
with radiating striae ; anterior and posterior margins wide and obtusely
rounded or subtruncated ; beaks central not prominent ; series of cardinal
teeth interrupted by an oblique fosset ; margin entire. Length more than
half an inch.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Three specimens, presumably the tj^pes are in the Conradian
collection of the Phila. Academy.
This resembles in some respects a great over-grown ellipsis
but it is quite probably a distinct species. It is very rare, neither
de Gregorio nor Cossmann found a single specimen in their re-
spective materials from Claiborne Bluff. The latter, however,
shows an entirely different form for Limopsis perplayius (figures
20-21 , pi. i) which Dall very properly renames cossmafzni.
This is the giant Trinacria from the Claiborne sands and ap-
proaches in dimensions the declivis from the St. Maurice horizon
below.
Horizon.- — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figicred . — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Trinacria ellipsis Lea, PI. 19. Figs. 12-17.
Pectuculus ellipsis Lea, Cont. to Geol., Dec, 1833, p. 78, pi. 3, fig. 56.
Liptopsis ellipsis Con., Jr. Phil, Acad. Nat. Sci. , IV, i860, pi. 47, fig. 9.
(Named on p. 297.)
Trigonarca ellipsis Dall, Trans. Wag. &c.. Ill, 18^5, p. 606.
Lea'' s original description. — Shell transversely elliptical, compressed,
inequilateral, concentrically and minutely striate, with small longitudinal
rugose ribs, more strongly marked on the posterior and anterior parts ;
beaks rather elevated, recurved ; hinge teeth very small, numerous and
scarcely interrupted in the middle ; cicatrices impressed ; cavity of the shell
shallow ; margin entire.
Diam . .2, Length 7-2oths, Breadth 9-2oths of an inch.
''^Observation. — In some of its characters \he ellipsis closely resembles
the minor., but is eminently distinguished by the absence of tnarginal cren-
ulations. It is more transverse and has smaller dorsal teeth. Immediately
under the beak is a fosset-like impression, which may have been the seat of
the ligament. In this it has some resemblance to the nucula ; but is placed
above the row of arched teeth."
45 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 45
De Gregorio seems to have had trouble in identifying any of
his material with this species ; in fact it would appear that no
specimens of it were contained in his collection. It is by no
means rare at Claiborne. It shows a wide range in size and form
as our figures will attest. The earlier stages of growth in per-
plana appear much like this species ; but as this appears rarely if
ever to surpass the size indicated for it by Lea, perpla^ia ma}' well
be regarded as a different species.
This is by all odds the most common species of this genus
found in the Claiborne sand bed. Its nearly circular form,
thickness of shell for its size and lack of umbonal carination distin-
guish it at once from most other forms.
A thicker, heavier, more rugged and slightly more circular
variety of this species is found at Lisbon, Ala., and may be dis-
tinguished asvar. Usboncnsis (figs. 16, 17).
Type. — Phila. Acad. Coll. ; presumably No. 5357.
Horizons and localities. — St. Maurice: Ruston well, 1200
ft. level. La. ; Lisbon, Ala. Claiborne : Claiborne Sands, Ala. ;
6 miles W. N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C.
Specimens figured . — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Trinacria cossmanni Dall, PI. 20. Figs, i, 2.
Limopsis perplana Cossmann, Notes Compl. &c., 1893, p. 16, pi. i,
figs. 20-21.
Z,7wc/>.s/.? t055wa;/«/ Dall, Trans. Wag. &c.. Ill, '95, p. 605.
This regularly formed little species is not perplana, SlS Dall
has pointed out, but its relationship to the latter is not very dis-
tant. For were it not for the somewhat stronger dentition in el-
lipsis (or even the j^oung oi perplana) it would be very difficult
to separate forms of these species that happen to have about the
.same outline. In fact we have been at first in doubt as to whether
certain specimens should be placed with cossmanni or ellipsis.
Typical cossmanni represents the limiting species of this genus as
far as bilateral symmetry is concerned. We do not place it with
Limopsis, although with the general straightne.ss of beak there is
a tendency to show some ligamental area behind the beak. On
46 BUI^LETIN 31 46
examining several specimens it becomes apparent that the fosset
is of the Trinacria type, with more area before the beak than be-
hind it, and with vertical, NoitiaASk.^ grooving of the bottom.
The pit in Limopsis is on the order of the cartilage pit in Pcden,
showing, at least in good specimens a horizontal sculpturing on
the bottom. There is no "hinge area" as in typical Limopsis.
All our specimens so far as known have come from the Clai-
borne sands at Claiborne, Ala.
The specimens figured were collected by the writer on var-
ious occasions at the 'Bluff" and are in the Museum (Paleontol-
ogical) of Cornell University.
Trinacria (Pachecoa) cainei, n. s. gen. andn. sp., PI. 20. Fig. 3,3.
Definition of Pachecoa. — Shell small, rather thin, and of the
general appearance of Trinacria ovalis^ but differing widely from
all other species of the genus b}* having an .-^;r<z-like exterior rib-
bing.
Specific characterization. — Form, size and appearance as
shown by the illustrations and explanations ; ribs about 26-28 on
the face of the valve, lacking on post-umbonal slope ; lower mar-
gin strongly crenulated by the extremities of ribbing ; ribs hav-
ing a tendency to become divided b}^ median line and even bifur-
cate toward the umbonal slope or posterio-basal margin .
Type and specimen figtired. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Three miles and six miles W. N. W. of Orange-
burg, S. C. Collected by two of our former students, Caine and
Pacheco, 1899.
Glycymeris stamina Conrad. PI, 20. Figs. 4-8.
Pectunculus staniineusCo-n.., A. J. Sci., 1833, (Jan.), vol. 23, p. 342.
P. Broderipii I^ea, Cont. to Geol., Dec. 1883, p. 76, pi. 3, fig. 53.
Axincea stamina Con., A. J. Conch., vol. i, '65, p. 12.
Pectunculiis Broderipii A^ Greg., Mon. Faun. Ala., '90, p. 193, pi. 24
figs. 2-14.
Conrad's original description. — Shell suborbicular, ventricose ; with
distinct radiating and finer intermediate lines, crossed by minute crowded
striae ; inner margin serrate. Length one inch and a half. Found with the
preceding [at Claiborne.]
47 St. Maurice and Claibornk Pklkcypoda 47
As regards the ribbing of this species, it should be noted that
while the individual is less than one-half inch in diameter the
ribs seem narrow, raised, more or less unev^enly spaced and of
less width than the interspaces. The crossing of the concentric
lines causes a slight beading effect on very well preserved, \^ery
.-^mall specimens, Later on, the ribs appear to widen and often
bifurcate and occupy the greater part of the shell surface. By
holding the shell in a strong sidelight it appears that one margin
of each rib is .slightly higher than the other, so that a horizontal
.section through, for example, the center of the shell, would show
the ribs slightlj' saw-tooth shaped. For the greater part of the
shell, the gentler slope is on the anterior side of the rib, but anter-
ior to a line drawn from the beak to the anterior-basal margin
this condition of affairs is reversed, i. e. the gentler slope on such
anterior ribs is on the posterior side.
This species, so far as our collections go, scents to be con-
fined to the Claiborne stage of the Eocene.
Type.—Vh\\2i. Acad. Coll.
Specimens figured. — Deposited in Paleont. Mus. Cornell
V\\\y.
Horizon.— OXoSkiomo. Eocene.
Locality. — Claiborne Bluff, Ala.
Giycymeris Idonea Conrad. PI. 20. Figs. 9-1 1.
For synonymy, and Conrad's original description, see Bull. Am, Pal.,
II. p. 241. Also note :
Axinea idonea Con., A. J. Conch, I, '65, p. 12.
Pedunciiltis Broderipii var. rrtfl'/a/w.j de Greg. , Mon. F'aun. Roc. de
r Ala., '90, p. 194, pi. 2, figs. 15, 16, (not 7-12, &c.).
Clycyineris ido7ieus'Da\\, Trans. Wag. &c, vol. Ill, '95, p. 607.
Pedunciilus idoneus Har., Bull. Am. Pal., I, '95, p. 22.
Conrad's original description already referred to is fair ; but
without a figure, or access to t)pe .specimens, one naturalh' feels
some uncertainty about this species as the writings of de Gregorio
and Cossmann attest. The species however, need never be con-
founded with staminea on account of its greater obliquity, thicker
shell and comparatively greater depth. Theimarkings on the young
48 Bulletin 31 48
of this species consist of a large number of radiating lines crossed
and crenulated by fine conceneric lines (compare figs. 6 and 11).
As the shell grows older, there is a slight tendency for the radiat-
ing lines to group themselves in broad, faint ribs, but in the adult
stage the exterior of the shell lacks the moderate ribbing of stam-
inca and appears very nearh' smooth. Different weathering and
stages of decortication bring out different faint radiating features,
— fine lines especially. The internal crenulations of the margin,
however, show about 60 crenulce in place of about 80 in like sized
specimens of staminea.
This species is perhaps one tenth part as abundant in the
Claiborne sands as staminea. But, strangel}- enough, as one
leaves that locality or descends into lower stages it is clearly the
idonea stock that prevails. As already stated in these Bulletins,
(11, p. 242) it is very doubtful whether the specific name idonea
ought to be used for the Lignitic or Sabine forms ; as it will be
seen b}^ consulting pi. 14, figs. 5 and 6, that they are too erect,
and show ribbing far too distinctl3^ The early Eocene forms re-
corded in the Maryland State Survey publications, (Eocene, pi. 5 1 , )
are a little more oblique than the earl}^ Gulf representatives, but
still show the Sabine stage ribbing. On the other hand, the vast
numbers of representatives from the Orangeburg District, S. C,
seem no better ornamented exteriorly than the Claiborne sand
forms and are even more pointed or angular in appearance.
There seems to be no reason whj^ the latter maj' not be referred
to a mutation of idonea.
Type. — Phila. Acad. Mus.
Horizons. — Sabine ?, St. Maurice and Claiborne Eocene.
Localities. — Claiborne, Ala. ; Orangeburg District, S. C. ;
Centre Hill, ? S. C.
Glycymeris lisbonensis, n. sp., PI. 20. Figs. 12-15.
General form, size and characteristics as shown by the figures.
A thinner, more nearly circular shell than either staminea or
idonea, with more sharply pointed beak ; and, posses.sing when
young comparatively strong concentric lines, while the radiating
49 St- Maurice and Claibokne Pelecypoda 49
lines if present are confined to the margins (see fig. 13). There
is an early, Li)iiopsis-\\\ie, stage, generall}' separated off from
the adult stage by a sharpl}' incised growth line. General ap-
pearance of the adult ribbing is similar to that of the Sabine spe-
cies usuallj' referred to idonca.
Types divA specimens figured. — Paleont. Coll. Cornell Univ.
Horizon. — St Maurice Eocene.
Localities. — Lisbon, Ala. ; Wautubbee, Miss.
Giycymeris trigonella Conrad, PI. 20. Figs. 1,7.
Pedunculiis trigonella Con., A. J. Sci., vol. 23, 1833, p. 342.
Pirtuculus deltoideus L,ea, Cont. to Geol., Dec, 1833, p. 77, pi. 3, fig.
55-
Axinea trigonella Con., A. J. Conch, vol. i, 1865, p. 12.
Pectunculus deltoidiisAe Gre^., Mon. Faun. Eoc, Ala., 1890, p. 194,
pi. 23, figs. 15, 16, 32, 38, 42 ; pi. 24, figs. I, 2, 3.
Pcctiinciilns trigonetlus Har. These Bulletins, vol. i, 1895, p. 46.
Giycymeris trigonella Dall, Trans. Wag. &c.. Ill, 1895, p. 606.
Conrad's original description. — Shell subtriangular, elevated, with
radiating striae ; anterior margin nearly rectilinear and subangular at the
extremity ; inner margin serrate. Length, half an inch.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala. London clay.
This is a very abundant shell in the Claiborne sands and one
which seems to be in that same plastic state shown by species of
Venericardia in the Midway. Full-grown specimens average
about 10 mm in greatest diameter, but some may attain a height
of 14 mm. Some are very cuneiform, others nearly circular ;
.some with sharply defined ribs, some with faint ribs or none at
all ; .some with coarse marginal crenulation, often coarsest med-
ially, some with much finer crenulation.
The more circular forms, with finer marginal crenulation re-
ceived the specific name of minor from Lea (figs. 6, 7). Such
forms are usually nearly smooth exteriorly, as Lea's tj^peinthe
Phila. Acad. Collection is. (Ribbing must have been put in
from another specimen b}" the artist. See Lea's fig. 54.)
Most Claiborne specimens are considerably worn and the rib-
bing is somewhat obscured. Naturally the more faintly ribbed
specimens would appear more nearly smooth and these may be
thought of as con.stituting a variety minor. Yet in some cases
50 BirtivETiN 31 50
the exterior of the shell seems never to have been ribbed at
all, and to such specimens de Gregorio has given the varietal
name igmis. Some well-preserved specimens show clear-cut ribs
and are termed "var. striatus" by de Gregorio. The most cuneate
forms he stjdes "var. percuneatus" .
This author well remarks: "These four forms pass from one to the
other, in such a way that it is difficult to determine them when one has be-
fore him a large number of samples. Nevertheless I have deemed it advan-
tageous to make them known, for in a hasty examination, one might take
them to be different species (p. 195. Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala).
Well preserved specimens, generally young, show in the early
stages of growth a fine, crowded, .slightl)- irregular concentric
sculpturing. The ribs are most pronounced generally anteriorl}',
but are very variable in size and strength in different individuals ;
slightly bent backwards medially ; with anterior margins higher
than the posterior and retaining this feature to the very anterior
margin of the shell.
Judging from the specimens before me it would appear that
the more circular forms, with but slight radiating sculpture, the
viinor type of Lea, is the older and the more prevalent in the St.
Maurice stage. Some specimens from Hammett's Branch show
some variation, but all are very small. Those from the Ruston
well (400 ft. ) are more nearlj^ normal minor. The species is rare
in Louisiana, known to me from Texas, by one small, eroded
valve, and occurs at Wautubbee, Miss., var. wautubbeana, n.
var., in a thick, small, heavj^ form with so far as observed no fine
umbonal concentric sculpturing, but with heavier lines of growth
extending over more of the surface of the shell, recalling to mind
the surface features of Glycyvieris lisbonensis while verj' small,
though without the anterior and posterior radii. Very small
specimens of this variety occurs at the 1200 ft. level in the Ruston
Well.
7)7>^.— Phila. Acad. Coll.
Horizo7is. — St. Maurice and Claiborne Stages.
Specinieyi figures. — C. U. Pal. Mus.
Localities. — Hurricane Bayou, Houston Co., Tex. (one valve
only), Tex. St. Mus. ; Hammett's Branch ; Ru.ston well, La. ,
51 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 51
Ijoth from 400 and 1200 ft. ; Wautubbee, Miss, (var); Claiborne
stage, — Ferruginous sands at Claiborne, Ala.
Vaughan cites this species from various localities in the Mc-
Bean formation in Georgia.
Glycymeris sabinensis, n. sp., PI. 21. Figs. 8-10
Characterization. — Shell small, 6^/j'rj'/;/6'm-like in general, but
with deltoid ligamental area unusually deep and very limited lat-
erally for adult specimens, flanked on either .side by a pronounced
cardinal area, features creating, at first sight, a Liniopsis-Vike as-
pect ; exterior ornamented by numerous well-marked, broadly
rounded ribs over which the fimbriate growth lines sweep in ex-
quisite beauty and regularit}' .
Twenty- five years ago, in a MS report, pi. 7, fig. 8, on the
Tertiary Mollusca of Texas I illustrated this species, but having
only one shell, I refrained from naming it, thinking perhaps it
should be referred to the young of some form not then known to
me. However, Mr. A. C. Veatch, while assisting on the Louis-
iana Survey, found a large amount of interesting fossils along the
Sabine River during his solitary canoe trip in 1900. In working
over this material recently a goodly number of specimens of this
species was found in with Limopsis avicidoides. They are from
the Texas side of the Sabine about on the Tp. line between 4 and
5 N., La. land .survey. Hence thej" are of St. Maurice Eocene
age.
Types. — Depo.sited in the Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Localities. — ElmCr. , Lee Co. ; Sabine River as above stated.
Area rhomboidella Lea, PI. 21. Figs. 12-17. PI. 22. Figs. 1-3.
A.rhomboidella Lea, Cont. to GeoL, 1833, p. 74, pi. 2, fig. 52.
Anonialocardia rhomboidella Con., Jr. Am. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 11.
Area {Cnculla-arca)cuculloides de Greg., non Con., Mon. Faun. Eoc.
Ala., 1890, p. 195, pi. 24, figs. 17-20,
Area rhomboidella Coss. (in part). Notes Compl. 1893, p. 17.
Area {Seapharca) rhomboidella DaU, Trans. Wag. &c., Ill, '95, p. 625.
Area rhomboidella Sheldon, Paleont. Amer., vol. i, 1916, p. 30, pi. VII,
6-10.
Lea^s original description. — Shell rhomboidal, very inequilateral,
compressed at base, longitudinally and closely ribbed ; substance of the
52 BULT.ETIN 31 53
shell thill ; beaks small, pointed ; ribs about thirty-three, obsoletely tuber-
culated on the anterior portion ; teeth lamellar, oblique ; cicatrices scarcely
perceptible ; cavity of the shell rather shallow, margin crenulate.
Diam. . . lyength .2, Breadth 7-2oths of an inch.
This seems to be a rather characteristic species of the mid-
Eocene of the more central Gulf States. As is well known it
was first figured by Lea from a very young specimen, yet entire-
ly recognizable. Dall has straightened out the erroneous refer-
ences of this species to cuculloides and the excellent illustrations
of Sheldon have given the final touches in the matter.
This species shows considerable variation in accordance with
horizon and locality. A few of the more common forms may
here be mentioned.
At Claiborne (sand-bed) the average adult is about 20 mm
in length, though some specimens may reach 35 mm. In the
specimens from the base of the bluff and at Lisbon, 30-35 mm is
a common limit ; but in the Orangeburg District, S. C. some spec-
imens reach 45 mm . Small and rare specimens only are known
from Texas (see var. parsaba along the Sabine).
Claiborne sand specimens vary among themselves consider-
ably so that, while in the main Lea's description holds true, there
is apt to be a rather noticeable gibbosity in the centro-anterior
portion of the shell. The medial portion of the shell is more fine-
ly ribbed than the extremities. This comes about somewhat by
bifurcation of the ribs but mainly by implantation The anter-
ior ribs are generally more or less grooved, likewise the sub-lig-
amental ones. The heavy ribs on the umbonal ridge are the last
to be subdivided or even channelled, practicallj^ never so in "sand
bed" shells. The number of primal ribs is in the neighborhood
of thirt}^ In the St. Maurice beds below (at base of Claiborne
Bluff and at Lisbon, var. subscopula, n. var.) the primal ribbing
shows a greater number, about 40, the subdivision (by bifurca-
tion) is quite evenly carried out over the surface of the shell.
The posterior basal margin is apt to be more acute, the anterio-
basal margin more obtuse. The Orangeburg District specimens
are again practically of the Claiborne type, though larger and
53 ^T. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 53
showing a tendency to have grooves on the distal i)ortions of the
big umbonal costse.
vSenile forms become edentulous save at either extremity of
the hinge.
Types — Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., No. 5306.
Speciniens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.; Aid. Coll.,
Johns Hopkins Univ.
Localities. — Texas : Lee Co. ; Louisiana : St Maurice ; )/z
mile S. of Winona ; Hammett's Branch ; 3 miles S. E. of Ne-
greet ; Mississippi : Newton ; Wautubbee (Aldr.). Ala. : Clai-
borne sands ; base of Claiborne bluff, Lisbon.
Area vaughani Casey, PI. 22. Figs. 5, 6, 7.
Area rhoinboidella var. Vaughan, U. S. G. S., 142 ; pi. 3, fig. 8, 1896.
A. vatig/iani Casey, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1903, p. 265.
A. vaugliani Sheldon, Palaeontogr. Amer., vol. i, 1916, p. 31, pi. 7,
figs. II.
Casey' s description . — A species quite common in the Lower Claiborne
at St. Maurice, La., and allied somewhat ior/ioiiihoidella Lea. It attains a
length of more than 22 mm with a height of 12 mm or more, obliquely rhom-
boidal, moderatel}- inequilateral, rounded anteriorly and posteriorly and
broadly rounded ventrally. It is moderately inflated, the radiating concav-
ity at the middle of the umbones almost obsolete and having merely slightly
wider intervals between the ribs, the latter 41-43 in number. The hinge-
line is long and straight, the teeth becoming larger and very oblique later-
ally but well developed throughout, with their sides finely ribbed, giving to
each tooth a bipectinate appearance. The area under the beak is ample and
l)roadly divaricately striate. This species differs from rhoitiboidella in its^
much larger size, more numerous ribs, rounded ventral edge and many other
characters, and may be named vaug/iatii. A fair illustration of it was given
by Mr. Vaughan (Bull. Geol. Surv. 142, PI. Ill, fig. 8), in whose honor it is
named. A modification of the true rJioinboidella, but still smaller in size,
also occurs sparingly at St. Maurice.
Dr. Sheldon has alread^^ corrected the misconception as re-
gards comparative size of the species mentioned.
This is seemingly a direct off-shoot from rJiomboidella with a
more arcuate ventral margin, more even ribbing, more oblique
form and comparatively thicker shell substance. There are in-
termediate forms, however, ver}- difficult of classification.
Type. — U. S. Nat. Museum?
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus., Cornell Univ.
54 BUT.LETIN 31 54
Localities. — St. Maurice, La. and Sabine River, Texas side.
Area (cucu'loides?) var. ludoviciana n. var. II. 22. Figs. 8-16.
Conrad described cucuHoides in his Foss. Shells Tert. Format.,
i^33> P- 37 ; ^iid we have repeated the description in vol. 2 of
these Bulletins, p. 239. Dr. Sheldon has recently discussed the
species in the first number of Palceontographica Americana. We
here give, for the first time, a figure of what appears to be Con-
rad's type of the species in the Collection of the Phila delphia
Academy (PI. 22, fig. 17). This slightl}' deformed specimen
quite likely belongs to the same species as the Jacksonian lima as
Sheldon maintains. Conrad's specimen from "Claiborne, Ala."
might well have fallen down from some Jackson horizon above
the Claiborne "sands". We have in our various collections from
the latter horizon at Claiborne never found any specimens of this
shell.
Our new variety ludoviciana does not have the ribbing on
the different parts of the shell perhaps quite so markedly differ-
entiated as in typical cucidloides nor is there the umbonal carina-
tion so depended upon by Sheldon for identification of the spe-
cies. Yet there is a tendency to the same type or ribbing and in
a few small specimens (see fig. 11) the post-umbonal slope is
sharply differentiated from the remainder of the shell. This early
form seems to have some features in common with both cncnlloides
and nrississippiensis.
Types. — Deposited in Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured . — In C. U. Mus., from Sabine R .
Localities. — Smithville, 2 miles E. of Alto, San Antonio F'y,
Alabama Bluff, Campbell Cr., etc., Texas ; vSabine River, Vivian,
Roberta, Winnfield Marble Q'j', Atlanta well, La. ; base of bluff,
Claiborne, Ala. Obscure impressions near Grovetown, Ga., seem
to belong here. The distribution of this variet}' is much more to
the west than was the case with rhomboidella and its close rela-
tives.
55 Si'- Maurice and CIvAibornd Pelecypoda 55
Area (Acar) reticulata Gmelin, PI. 22. Figs. 18, 19
Aira reticulata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., VI, 1792, p. 331 1.
Barbatia {Acar) reticulata Dall, Trans. Wag. Ill, '98, p. 629.
Gmelin's oris;inal description. — A. te.sta subrhomboidea decnssatini
striata alba : natibus approximates, vulva cordata.
List. Conch., t. 233, f. 67.
Martini Besch. Berl. Naturf. 3, t. 6, f. 9.
Chemn. Conch. 7, t. 54, fig. 540.
Dall, loc. cit. includes a number of recent and Tertiary Acar
forms in this species. He remarks : "The fossils are identical
with the recent shells in every particular, and there can be no
doubt that this species has existed continuously in the Antillean
region since the Upper Eocene. ' ' Doubtless the Upper Eocene
forms he refers to, from Jackson, Miss., are small Area aspera of
Conrad, though in his synonymy of that species Dall places it \\.n-
A^x citcuUoides. If the Jackson aspera is included in reticulata,
there seems to be no reason why this St. Maurice form should
not be likewise included.
Horizon. — Mid-Eocene to Recent.
Speciiuensfig7ired. — Paleont. Coll. Cornell Univ.
St. Maurice localities. — Wautubbee and Hickory, Miss. ;
Smithville, Tex.
Area aldriehi Dall, PI. 22. Fig. 20.
Barbatia [Cucutlaria) aldriehi DaW, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1895, p. 630. pl.
32, fig. 19-
Area aldriehi Sheldon, Palseontogr. Amer., vol. i, 1916, p. 23, pl.
5, fig- 5-
Dallas original description .SheW small, elongate, thin, somewhat
pointed behind, rounded in front, moderately convex, with low, prosogyrate
beaks ; cardinal area very narrow and elongated, widest in front of the
beak ; surface evenly sculptured by fine equal, flattish radial riblets, separ-
ated by narrower grooves and crossed by irregularly spaced impressed lines ;
inner margin of the valves smooth or slightly fluted in harmony with the
ribs, especially behind ; beaks in the anterior forth ; hinge line about two-
thirds the length of the shell ; hinge anteriorly with four oblique, rather
close-set teeth, separated by a wide gap from the posterior teeth, which are
about six in number, smaller proximally, and parallel with the hinge line.
Lon. 8.3. alt. 5, diam. 4 mm.
This single valve is all that is known of this species ; it came
from the Claiborne "sand" and is in the National Museum. The
56 Bui,i.ETiN 31 56
figure given is from Dall (^op. cit.).
Area harrisi Sheldon, PI. 22. Fig. 21.
Area inornata Meyer, Bull, i, Geol. Surv. Ala., 1S86, pt. II, p. 79, fig.
24-
Area ha nisi ^\\^\(S.or\, Paloeontogr. Anier., vol. i, 1916, p. 21.
Meyer's original dcseription. — Trapezoidal ; anterior side truncated,
flat ; beak small ; ligament area very low ; teeth smallest toward the middle ;
covered xn'Ca indistinct concentric lines ; margin entire. Localit}', Clai-
borne, Ala. Resembles Area Iczvigata Caillat (Desh. An. sans verteb. , I, p.
905, pi. 68, figs. 23-26) from the Paris Basin but is less oblong.
So far as we are aware no one since Mej'er" s time has found
another specimen of this peculiar form. Its generic assignment
.seems open to doubt. The specific name was changed by Shel-
don because Meek and Haj^den had described an Area {CiiciilleEa)
i?iornata'n\ 1858 (Proc. Phila. Acad., p. 51).
We have herewith copied Meyer's figure. The type is doubt-
less in the Aldrich collection at Johns Hopkins Univ.
Leda semen Lea, PI. 23. Figs. 1-4.
Nueula semen Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 200, pi. 6, fig. 214.
Nuculana semen Con., Am. Jr. Conch., vol. 1, '65, p. 13..
? Nueula mieronata Con., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. vSci., vol. 4, 1847, p.
297 ; Jr. Phila. Acad., vol. i, 1849, p. 128, pi. 14.
Nuezilana semen Cossm., Notes Compl. 1893, p. 15.
Nueulana semen Aid., Bull, i, Gaol. Surv. Ala., '86, p, 49.
Leda semen Dall, Trans. Wag. &c., '98, p. 578.
Lea's original description. — Shell transversely elliptical, rather in-
flated, furnished with large concentric folds, and v.ith a deep fi;rrow on the
anterior slope, rostrate behind ; substance of the shell rather thin ; lunvile
and escutcheon both lanceolate ; beaks small, rather pointed ; margin en-
tire ; nacre not pearly.
Lea had but one immature specimen and that is now lost.
However, there is no danger of incorrect identification when
dealing with this species. See the illustrations.
Type. — Was from Claiborne sands, but is lost.
Specimens figiit'ed . — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Localities and horizons. — St. Maurice : Lisbon, Hamilton
Bluff, Ala. ; Piping Tree, Va. ; 3 and 6 miles W. N. W. of
Orangeburg, S. C. Claiborne : Claiborne sands.
57 St, Maurice and Claibokne Pelecypoda 57
Leda semenoides Aldrich, Pi. 23. Figs. 5, 6.
Lcda semenoides, Aldr., Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. i, 1S95, p. 70. pi. 6,
fig- 5.
For the original description, see the above reference. Both
description and illustration were drawn from a very immature
specimen: Though this species is not rostrate in the same man-
ner posteriori}' as semen, (i. e. the upper, posterior radiating fold
alone projecting far out from the general margin of the shell) the
two, radiating, posterior, crenulated folds form something of a
beak as the figure of a cast clearly shows. The adult shell reaches
a length of 17 mm. at least.
7>/^.- Aldrich Coll. J. H. Univ. Coll.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Lisbon, Hamilton Bluff, Ala.; Ft. Gaines, Ga.
Leda COelata Conrad, PI. 23. Figs. 7, 8, 9.
Nucula ccelata Con., Am. Jr. Sci., vol. 33, Jan. 1833, p. 343.
Nticida brogniaHi L,ea, Cont. to Geol., Dec, 1833, p. 82, pi. 3, fig. 61.
Leda cadata Con., Proc Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1854, p. 29.
Nuculana coelata Con., Am. Jr. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 13.
Leda brofigtn'arfi de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc, Ala., 1890, p. 187, pi. 22,
figs. 27-29.
Leda coelata Dall, Trans. Wag. &c, vol. Ill, 1895, p. 578-579.
Conrad's original description. — Shell ovate, elongated, with irreg-
ular undulated ridges ; anterior submargin with three minutely crenulated,
carinated lines diverging from the apex ; beaks nearly central. Length,
half an inch.
This species is readily identified, and the t5'pe is probably one
of the three specimens in the Conradian collection at the Phila.
Academy.
The surface ornamentation of this species is rather unique.
Two to four concentric folds usually appear near the lower margin
of the shell ; above, towards the beaks true concentric lining is lim-
ited to microscopic increments of growth. However, superim-
po.sed on this system of ornamentation is another, appearing at
first sight to be concentric markings about the umbonal region,
5S BurxKTiN 31 58
but dipping down and passing out at both anterior and posterior
margins. Of these heavier pseudo-concentric ridges there are a
dozen or fifteen larger ones on the upper and medial portion of
the shell. But as they extend over the basal portions the}- be-
come much finer. There are, as Conrad says, "three minutel}'
crenulated, carinated lines diverging from the apex" with hints
at short intermediate ones. Radiating from the umbo to the an-
terio-basal margin there is a slight depression, and it is as the
pseudo-concentric lines cross this slight depression that the}' dip
down and extend out laterall}' across the concentric structure.
The teeth are V-shaped and strong, and it is doubtful whether
the valves could be disunited without fracturing the teeth.
We know this species only from the Claiborne sand bed at
Claiborne, Ala.
The specimens figured are from this localit}' and are in the
Paleontological Museum at Cornell.
Leda ccelatoides n. sp., PI. 23. Fig. 10.
Specific characterization. — For general outline and ornamen-
tation, see pi. 23, fig. 10. Pseudo-concentric lines far more num-
erous on the face of the shell than in coelata, and lacking entirely
the downward dip as they approach the umbonal ridge. Shell
less protracted than ccelata. It may be considered as about mid-
way between ro'/fl'/a and mzdtilineata Conrad.
Type and specimen figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Locality and horizon . — Wautubbee, Miss., St. Maurice stage.
Leda multilineata Conrad, PI. 23. figs. 11, 12.
L. viultilhteata Q.on., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1855, p. 258. PI. 14,
fig. 4 of Wailes' Agr. and Geol. of Miss., 1854.
L. multilineata Dall, Trans. Wag. &c., Ill, '98, p. 588, pi. 25, figs. 11,
II, a.
Conrad's original description. — Ovate-elliptical, inequilateral ventri-
cose, with fine, sharp concentric lines which are somewhat undulated : an-
terior side rostrated, with closely arranged, radiating minute, tuberculated
striae ; posterior side with unequal, fine radiating lines, a few of which are
very distinct ; a few radiating lines are continuous near the base over the
middle of the valves. Allied to N'. coelata but very distinct.
59 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 59
This species was described from Jacksou, Miss., and is not
rare in the Jackson beds of Louisiana also. So far as we are
aware the species does not occur in the Claiborne stage, but is
found not unfrequently in the St. Maurice at various localities in
Mississippi. It appears to have suffered but few changes during
its long banishment from southern waters during the Claiborne
age, still, the Jacksonian forms are quickly separated from the St.
Maurice by their greater height medially, i.e. they are a httle
more triangular in outline, with dorsal line more flexed at the
beak, or not so parallel with the basal margin as is the case with
the St. Maurice specimens. Then too, the posterior radiating
lines on the latter are coarser, tending to more of a pronounced
alternation in size, with coarser granules.
Type. — Donated to the Phila. Acad, by State Geologist
Wailes, 1855.
Specimen fjgjires. — C. U. Paleont. Mus., (Wautubbee, Miss).
Horizons and localities. — St. Manrice stage : Wautubbee,
Miss. Also at Hickory and near Enterprise, Miss. (DallJ.
Jackson stage : Jackson, Miss. ; Montgomery, and at various lo-
calities on the Ouachita River, La.
Ledahoustonia Harris, PI- 23. Fig. 13.
L. houstonia Harris, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895, p. 47, pi. i,
fig- 5-
L. houstonia Dall, Trans. Wag. &c.. Ill, 1898, p. 578.
Harris's original description. — General form as figured ; concentric
lines scarcely discernible except where they pass over the umbonal ridge ;
post umbonal slope traversed by one raised line extending from the umbo to
near the extremity of the valve ; sometimes as many as eight or ten raised
radiating lines appear near the posterior sub-margin.
Type and specimen figured. — Texas State Univ.
Localities and horizon. — St. Manrice stage : Alabama bluff,
Trinity River, Houston Co. ; between Orrell's and Evergreen
Crossing, Elm Cr., Lee Co. ; along Elm Cr. from Orrell's to
Price's Crossing, Texas. Specimens observed in the Phila. Acad,
collection are labelled " Leda {Nuculana) subtrigona Con. ? S.
Carolina."
6o Bulletin 31 60
Leda plana Lea, PI. 23. Figs. 14-17.
Nucula plana Lea, Cont. to GeoL Dec. 1833, (Dec.) p. 199, pi 6, fig.
213.
Nucula pulchcyyi Ilia Lea (young sp. ), Cont. to GeoL, '33, p. 84, pi. 3,
fig- 63.
Nuculana plana Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 13.
Nuculanaplana Cossmann, Notes Compl. 1893, P- i5-
Lea's original description, — Shell an obtuse triangle, very transverse,
very much compressed, concentrically striate, and transversely folded on the
side, sulcate on the umbonial slope, substance of the shell thin ; beaks ob-
tusely angular, pointed ; lunule and escutcheon both nearly linear ; anterior
series of teeth straight ; posterior series of teeth incurved ; teeth small num-
erous, angular ; fosset large, subtriangular ; cicatrices imperceptible ; cavity
on the shell very flat, showing the transverse folds ; nacre not pearly.
Diam. . . . Length . . . Breadth . . .
A single and imperfect valve onl}- of this species has come under m\-
notice. There are however, characters enough remaining to satisf}- me of its
being different from those before described. It most resembles th.e. pulcher-
rinia. That shell has not, however, the remarkable folds and striae of this
species. These stritE, on the anterior part, are combined, two or three to-
gether, leaving a furrow between each association. On the posterior part,
these striae are single, but disordered by the transverse folds, which exist
only on that part of the valve.
Cossmann evidently found a fragment of this rare species in
the barrelfnl of sand he had shipped from Claiborne.
A fragment in our own collection from the "sand" bed (fig.
15) shows the very characteristic markings on the posterior por-
tion of the shell, i. e. broad undulations bearing ver3^ finely in-
cised concentric lines, — undulations subdividing into two or three
folds standing out in strong relief as they pass the imibonal angle
and over the post-umbonal slope.
The beautiful large impression of the exterior of a nearly
perfect specimen found on the Neuse River, N. C, has been used
for making the gutta-percha cast shown on pi. 23, fig. 14. Here
we see the true shape of an adult shell. Note the general lack of
folds on the anterior portion and the slight depression or channel
extending from beak to anterio-basal margin. The fragment from
Claiborne, here enlarged, shows clearly that Lea was correct in
saying that the substance of the shell is thin and that the undu-
lations show plainly within. This we regard as one of the most
beautiful of our Eocene species. It is, however, exceedingly
6i St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 6i
rare. Among various Ledas submitted to us for study by Hon.
T. H. Aldrich were two specimens (figs. i6, 17) labelled appar-
ently correctly pnU/i err/ //m Lea ; but there is no doubt in the
mind of the present writer that the.se are simply the young of
plana. They are from typical Claiborne at Baker's Bluff, Ala.
Lea did not see the umbonal or earlier portions of his plan a, nor
vcashis p///r/ierr//na quite old enough to begin to show the un-
dulations so characteristic of this species.
T}'pe.—No. 5998, Coll. Phila. Acad. (Lea Coll.)
Horizon and localities. — Claiborne Eocene, Claiborne sands,
Claiborne, Ala. ; 17 miles above Newbern, Neuse River, N. C.
Specimens figured. — (Figs. 14, 15) Cornell Univ. Paleont.
Coll.
Leda trumani n. sp., PI. 23. Figs. 18-19.
Specific characterization. — Form and general dimensions
about as represented in the illustrations (though more pointed
posteriorly as that portion is broken off in the specimen figured) ;
general .surface marked b)^ coarse, very .sharply defined concentric
lines, abruptl}' ceasing with a slight nodular enlargement at the
umbonal ridge ; post-umbonal slope with two sharply defined
radiating nodular ribs, marking, wath the row of nodules men-
tioned above, the limits of two concave, radiating interspaces the
lower of which is horizontally, finely striate, the upper with ob-
lique lines increasing in strength upwards ; escutcheon and lunu-
lar spaces each with a pair of simple rays radiating from the beak
and recurving into the hinge line half way to either extremity
(.see fig. 19).
Named in honor of Hon. Truman H. Aldrich whose interest
in Eocene mollusca practically inaugurated pre-Claibornian pal-
eontological investigation in our Southern States.
Type a7idspecime?is figured. — Deposited, Pal. Museum, Cor-
nell Univ.
Horizon and localities. — St. Maurice Eocene. Base of Clai-
borne Bluff ; Hamilton Bluff, Ala. Three and six miles W. N.
W. of Orangeburg, S. C. Ft. Gaines, Ga.
62 EUI.LETIN 31 62
Leda opuienta Conrad, PI. 23. FiJ,^«. 20-22.
Nucula opuienta Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., )833, p. 46.
Nuculana opuienta Con., Am. Jr. Conch, vol. i, 1865, p. 13.
Leda opuienta Dall, Trans. Wag. &c.. Ill, 1895, p. 578 and 587.
Conrad's original description.- — Elongated, compressed with regular,
concentric sulci ; anterior side rostrated, and with a submarginal carinated
line ; space between it and the margin with regular, prominent striae ; beaks
posterior to the middle.
7>/>^.— Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Localities and horizo7i. — St. Maurice (var. compsa Gabb).- Rio
Grande, 6 miles above Starr-Zapata Co. line ; Brazos River, Mos-
ley's ferry, 60 yards below mouth of Little Brazos andon the Lit-
tle Brazos on Mosley's ferry road ; Cedar Cr., N, E. Cor. Wheel-
ock League; Campbell's Cr. , Robertson Co.; 3 miles N. E.
Crockett, Houston Co.; Collard's Farm, Town Branch, Brazos
Co. ; San Miguel Cr., S. E. Cor. Frio Co., Tex. ; Monroe well,
1200 ft. deep. La. ; 6 miles W. N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C.
Var. hamtnetti : Hammett's Branch, La. (pi. 23, fig. 23).
Claiborne (tj'pical): Claiborne sand, Claiborne, Ala.
In the varietal form referred to a distinct species {compsa, Jr.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 4, i860, p. 387, pi. 67, fig. 57) by
Gabb the space "with regular prominent striae" is wider than in
the Claiborne form ; the shell itself, however, is usually' smaller
(pi. 24, figs. 1,2).
The new variety hamtnetti is smaller, more robust and ar-
cuate.
Leda magna Lea, II. 24. Figs. 3, 4.
Nucula magna Lea, Cont. to Geol., Dec, 1833, p. 197, pi. 6, fig. 211
Lea's original description. — It is ventured to place this name upon
the fragemnt of a A'ucula, which differs on the exterior, very much, from
any species, fossil or recent, which has come under my notice. It possesses
transverse folds on the sides, which lie closely to, and are beautifully par-
allel to each other. These terminate in a smooth plane, on the umbonial
slope which is flattened. A straight furrow, or channel, passes along the
posterior dorsal margin, in which are striae, slightly oblique. The posterior
series of teeth so far as it exists in the fragment, is straight, and possesses
nineteen angular teeth. From the appearance of this part of the series, I
should not be surprised if it possessed almost as many more. The substance
63 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 63
of the shell is thick, and it is suspected that when found perfect, it will
prove to be the largest species yet described. This fragment certainly war-
rants such a conclusion.
Since Lea'.= time Cossmann and Aldrich have found frag-
ments of this species in the Claiborne sands. Two fragments
from the latter' s collections we have herewith figured. Very
likely Aldrich' s lisbotiensis should be referred to a variety of this
species as the markings agree exactly. It would appear, how-
ever, that the Claiborne specimens are not so elongated as those
from the St. Maurice stage.
Type. — Phila. Acad., Lea Coll., No. 5996.
Horizon. — Claiborne sand.
Leda magna, var. lisbonensis Aldrich, PI. 24. Figs. 5-7.
L. lisbonensis Aldr., Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. i, 1895, p. 69. pi. 6, fig. 4.
For the original characterization, see the above reference.
Type. — Aldrich Coll., John Hopkins Univ.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — From Lisbon, deposited in the Paleont.
Mus. Cornell Univ.
Localities. — St. Augustine, Tex. ; 200 3'ds. below the mouth
of Negreet Bayou ; 3 miles S. E. of Negreet P. O. ; Monroe
well, 1200 ft., La. ; St. Maurice road, i mile S. W. of Winnfield
Marble Q'y, La. ; Lisbon and Hamilton Bluff, Ala. ; 27 miles
above Newburn ; Ft. Gaines, Ga., ? Neuse River, between 16
and 17 miles above Newburn, N. C.
At the last mentioned locality a few large casts have been
collected perhaps belonging to this species, but their character-
istics are not obvious. Lisbon seems to be the place where this
species is best exhibited. The Texas and Louisiana specimens
so far found are much smaller than the Lisbon types. They show
a slightly curved rib on the escutcheon area more plainly than do
those from Lisbon, but the characteristic, very oblique striation
over this area they exhibit very indifferently.
64 Bui^LETlN 31 64
Leda magnopsis, n. sp., PL 24. Fig. 8.
In a coquina-like rock labelled "Rock Swamp" a few miles
south-east of Springfield, S. C, is found a fragmentar}" Leda
which we took at first to be Lea's L. luagjia. But instead of
having a smooth radial band extending down the post-umbonal
slope as in magna and in lisboncnsis, the concentric liration swings
over this area but little diminished in strength. Just behind,
there is a deep radial furrow, but the concentric or diagonal lin-
ing is not to be seen between this furrow and the margin of the
shell as in lisbonensis or Lea's species.
Type. — Paleont. Lab. Cornell Univ.
Leda bastropensis, PI. 24. Figs. 9, 10.
Leda bastropensis Harris, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. vSci. 1895, p. 46, pi. i,
fig. 3-
Leda bastropensis Ball, Trans. Wag. &c., '95, p. 578.
//arris's original description. — General form as figured ; medial por-
tions of the valves vi^ith regular, strong, concentric striae ; striae obsolete on
the anterior end and on the post-umbonal slope, the latter with a shallow
furrow extending from the umbo to near the extremity of the valve ; within
the valve a raised line or ridge, emanating from the umbonal region and ex-
tending along beneath the hinge finally terminates in the middle of the pos-
terior end and is there slightly enlarged.
This species differs from L . plicata Lea in its lack of striation over
portions of the exterior, and the more central positions of the umbones.
From L. viater Mr., bastropensis is distinguished by its want of anterior rad-
iating sulci, its lack of post-umbonal striation and b}- its form. This is
readily distinguished from L. albiriipina Har., since it lacks the smooth,
Yoldia-like aspect about the umbones so characteristic of that species.
Type and specimen figured . — Univ. Tex. Coll.
Localities and horizon. — St. Maurice stage at Starr-Zapata
Co. line on the Rio Grande ; and i mile below Milam-Burleson
Co. line, Brazos River, Tex. ; Ft. Gaines, Ga. ?
Leda bella Conrad, PI. 24. Figs. 11-16.
Nucula bella Con., A. J. S., 183.5, vol. 33, p. 343.
Nucula plicata Lea, Cont. to GeoL, 1833, p. 85, pi. 3, fig. 64.
Leda bella Con., Proc. Phila., Acad. ,1854, p. 29.
Nuculana plicata Con., Am. Jr. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 13.
Leda plicata de Greg., Faun. Ala., '90, p. 189, pi. 23, figs. 6-10.
Nuculafia plicata Cossm., Notes Compl. '93, p. 15.
65 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 65
Leda bella andi plicata Dall, Trans. Wag. &c, '95, III, p. 578.
Conrad's original description. — Shell ovate, elongated, rostrated,
with numerous regiilar concentric striae, and two carinal lines on the anter-
ior submargin diverging from the apex : on the posterior side is a slight fur-
row from the apex to the base. Length, half an inch.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala. London clay.
This species is at once distinguished from viedia by its coarser,
continuous lines of growth, more anterior beaks, less conspicuous
swelling between the siphons, its greater rarity, less inflation and
lack of any serration of post-umbonal radiating ridge. Our spec-
imens do not show the anterior, radiating depression so plainly as
does Lea's t3"pe. Some specimens, especially from the Orange-
burg district, show a slight swelling along the posterior basal
margin. Yoimg, thin specimens show an interior radiating
ridge, from beak to posterior end (as per fig. 14). Old, thick-
ened specimens show a vertically striated, minute, triangular area
beneath the hinge teeth, just in advance of the cartilage (fig. 13).
7)//^.- Conrad Coll., Phila. Acad.
Horizon. — Claibornian and St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figicred . — Paleont. Coll. Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Claiborne, Ala. Six mile W. N. W. of Orange-
burg, S. C. Marble Q'y, Hammett's Branch, La.
Leda pistorupes, n. sp., PI. 24. Figs. 17,18.
Specific characterization. — Size and general form as indicated
by the illustrations and explanations ; rather thin ; marked about
the umbo and base by moderately fine concentric lines, but med-
ially by three or four folds on which are engraved almost micro-
scopic, very regular, concentric striae ; posterior radii arranged
somewhat as in bella, but with obvious raised concentric, sharp
folds ; interior very much as in bella though naturally showing
marked concentric undulations.
Types — Aldrich's collection, Birmingham, Ala.
Horizo?i . — Claiborne stage .
Locality. — Baker's Bluff, Tombigbee River, Ala.
Leda media Lea, PI. 25. Figs. 1-4.
Nucula media Lea, Cont. to Geol. 1833, p. 83, pi. 3, fig. 62.
66 Bulletin 31 66
Nuculana media Con., Am. Jr. Conch., 1865, vol. i, p. 13..
Nucula media Aid., Geol. Surv. Ala., Bull, i, 1886, p. 49.
Nuculana media Cossmann, Notes Compl. 1893, p. 15.
Leda media Dall, Trans. Wag. &c., 1895, p. 578.
Lea's original description. — Shell elliptically transverse, somewhat
inflated ; rounded before, produced and truncated behind, equilateral, fur-
nished with fine concentrical folds in the middle and three ribs on each
valve behind ; anterior part smooth ; substance of the shell thin ; lunule
none ; beaks very small, pointed ; anterior series of teeth arched— posterior
series inflected ; teeth small, pointed, angular, diminishing in size towards
the beak ; fosset scarcely perceptible ; cicatrices obsolete ; cavity of the
shell rather shallow, having its channel interrupted by a callus ; margin en-
tire ; nacre not pearly.
Diam. .1, Length 3-2oths, Breadth 7-2oths of an inch.
********
The folds are minute and remarkably regular. Becoming obsolete as
they approach the anterior margin, they there vanish altogether as if erased
by attrition. These folds terminate posteriorly very abruptly at the first
rib, of which there are three on each valve, passing from the beak to the
posterior margin. The central rib is the largest and disposed to imbricate.
A remarkable callus is placed directly in the channel of the posterior part of
the shell. It is disposed to be polished inside and out.
Two specimens in a tray in the Conradian collection at the
Academy prove that as Conrad remarks (Am. Jr. Conch. 1865,
vol. I, p. 191 b) that Lea's media is equivalent to his eqiialis. But
the description he gives of the shell (Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., p.
46) is quite unrecognizable, Lea's figure and description are re-
markably correct. De Gregorio on pi. 3 of his Claiborne work
has given some very poor and incorrect figures of this species.
Of the three posterior "ribs" mentioned by Lea, the inner
is the least conspicuous and it extends but half wa}' to the poster-
ior termination of the shell.
Tj'pe.—'No. 541 1, Phila. Acad. Coll.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus. , Cornell Univ.
Localities a?id horizon. — St. Maurice: Lisbon (slender var-
iet}', fig. 4) ; Marble Quarry, La. Claibo?-ne : Claiborne sands.
Leda catasarca Dall, Pi. 25. Fig. 5, a.
Leda catasarca Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, '95, p. 588. pi. 32, fig. 13.
Dall' s original description. — Shell small, very plump, nearly equilat-
eral, concentrically sculptured, with on the beaks and body rather wide, flat-
tish riblets, more crowded ventrally, obsolete dorsally behind and on the
67 St. Maurice and Ci^aiborne Pelecypoda 67
dorsal and anterior portions in front, lunule very narrow, excavated, with
the valve margins slightly pouting ; the escutcheon similar, wider, with an
excavated, obliquely grooved furrow outside of it, with rounded outer edges,
the whole forming a conspicuous, lanceolate area extending from the point
of the rostrum to the beaks; anterior end of shell rounded, base arcuate,
posterior end with a short, bluntly pointed rostrum, hinge solid, with about
sixteen anterior and fourteen posterior V-shaped teeth ; chondrophore small,
subumbonal ; the rostrum without an internal ridge, the pallial sinus small.
Length 5.2, alt. 3, diam. 2.5 mm.
This interesting little species seems to be rather common in beds of
the Wautubbee horizon. It differs from L. robusta Aldrich in details of
sculpture, especially on the escutcheon.
There is a somewhat noticeable flattening of the shell on pass-
ing from the middle to the rostral area, not so marked as in
^^■^r/^^/a nor so sharply defined as in parva, still noticeable (see
fig. 12, a).
This species differs from quircollis in its more marked median
inflation, somewhat greater size, coarser concentric ornamentation
on the central portion of the shell but lack of .same near the pos-
terior and anterior extremit}'. It is distantly related to robusta
Aldrich.
Leda kittensis, n. sp., PI. 25. Fig. 6.
Specific differentiation . — Size and appearance as illustrated ;
surface marked by about 30 concentric raised lines about one-half
as wide as the interspaces ; lines stronger mediallj^ and posterior-
ly than anteriorl)^ ; umbonal angle sharpl}^ defined by a 90 degree
angle ; concentric lines changing direction slightly, bending up-
ward, just before reaching the sharp ridge ; post- umbonal slope
marked very obliquely hy the continuation of the raised lines
above described, lines of about one-third the strength of those on
the main bod}- of the shell ; escutcheon very small, .scarcely per-
ceptible ; lower portion or the umbonal slope seemingly gouged
out concavel_v, above with a convex swell over both of which the
oblique lines evenly swing (convex swell, marking the termina-
tion of the posterior series of teeth); within, .showing two series
of teeth, the anterior but .slightly longer than the po.sterior, both
becoming weak and finall}^ vanishing exactly at the apex ;
.siphonal ridge emanating near the beak within and increasing in
68 Bulletin 31
size and terminating conspicuously almost at the margin between
the siphons.
Length 7.3 mm. Height 4 mm. Serai-diameter 1.5 mm.
Type. — U. S. Nat. Museum, Sta "4589" Kitts Ravine, Cal-
houn Co., S. C.
Leda crassiparva, n. sp., PI. 25, Figs. 7-9.
Specific characterizatio7i. — Size and general form as indicated
by the figures ; substance of the shell thick ; surface appearing
smooth except in the post-basal region ; radiating post-umbonal
depression extending from beak to point on the basal margin
somewhat in advance of the posterior termination or beak ; lun-
ule faintly indicated b}' depressed lines ; escutcheon defined by
the usual curved middle rib (fig. 8); eminence between siphons
small, hemispherical.
This little shell .seems at first closely allied to the slightly
larger L. catasarca Dall from Wautubbee. But it lacks the band-
ed surface markings of that species, and the radiating, post-um-
bonal channel terminates quite differently in the two species.
Specimens in Aldrich's collection (fig. 9) show that in general the
shell is somewhat longer than the type (figs. 7, 8).
Type. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Figs. 7, 8, Cornell Univ.; Fig. 9, Aid-
rich Coll.
Locality. — Lisbon, Ala.
Conrad's linifera from the Jackson beds of Mississippi and
Ball's canonica as well as his var. chipolana Trans. Wag. Ill, p.
591, seem to be descendants of this species, but real relationships
seem impossible to establish without more and better figures of
the later forms. The latter seem to be only of about one-half the
linear dimensions of crassiparva.
Ledaozarkola, n. sp.. Fig. 25. Figs. 10-14.
Specific characterization.. — Size and general appearance as in-
dicated by the illustrations and explanations ; extremely inflated
69 St. Mauricr and Claiborne Pelecypoda 69
medially, gradually rounding to the anterior margin but much
more suddenly depressed posteriorly where the shell is no more
inflated than the majority of members of this genus ; with fine
even striation on the lower third of the shell surface, though in
general above, appearing smooth ; umbonal ridge rather sharply
defined, with but slight traces of concentric markings ; on the
flat, radial space between the umbonal ridge and the margin of
the escutcheon the counterpart of concentric striation appears in
the form of even, sharpl)^ defined, very oblique lining, the mod-
erate, slighth' raised escutcheon shows this lining but imperfect-
ly ; lunule nearly as long, but narrower than the escutcheon, set
off from the general shell surface by a narrow, shallow channel
showing even, oblique growth-lines as on the post-umbonal slope
before described ; posterior and anterior rows of teeth strong,
about equal.
In rare instance there are two or three radiating raj'S extend-
ing from beak to post-basal margin, suggesting those of L. hous-
tojiia. This shell would seem to be L. calcarensis Conrad, but
from the description and figure given of that species we are at a
loss to know whether the ventricose condition is limited to the
medial portion of the shell, as in our species, whether the concen-
tric lines cover the whole surface or not, whether the "pointed"
rostrum is as blunt as figured and whether the dimensions as
given in the description are of an adult form or not. Several of
our specimens from Ozark are an inch in length, Conrad gives
7-16 as the length of his specimen.
It is quite probably a descendant of viilamensis.
Types. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Horizon. — St. Maurice ^Eocene.
Specimens fig2ired . — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Hamilton Bluff, Ala. (verj- abundant); Ozark,
Ala. (large, fine casts).
Leda wautubbeana, n. sp., PI. 25. Fig. 15,3.
Specific characterization. — Size and form as indicated by the
figure and explanation ; shell thin, flat, practically smooth med-
ially ; anterior with a sharply defined radiating furrow ; poster-
70 Bulletin 31 70
ior with two sharply defined radiating ribs, hmuleand escutcheon
scarcely defined.
Type and spccimeyi figured. — Waiitubbee, Miss. In Paleont.
Mus. Cornell Univ. (No. 15 a is from Newlon, Aldrich Coll.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
l.ocalities. — Wautubbee, and Newton, Miss. ; Calvin, La.
Species of Leda not well defined, and of luicertain horizon.
Species from Vanuxem's cabinet, Orangeburg District, S. C.
Leda vanuxemi Dall, PI. 25. Fig. 16.
A^ncula mua'0?iataQon. nan Sow., Jr. Phila. Acad., vol. i, 1848, p. 128,
pi. 14, fig. 2.
Leda vaniixenii T)s\\, Trans. Wag., Ill, '95, p. 578.
Conrad'' s original description.* — Elliptical, convex in the middle, with
equal, laminated, not closely arranged lines, about 17 in number; anterior
side longest, the end acutely pointed ; a submarginal furrow emarginates
the base ; posterior side slightly contracted, end obtusely rounded or sub-
truncated. Length 9-10. Height 6 [.6 in. ?]
Leda carolinensis Conrad, PI. 23. Fig. 17.
Nucula caroline?isis Con., Jr. Phila Acad., vol. i, p. 128, pi. 14, fig. 3.
Conrad's original description. — Somewhat elliptical, convex, with
rather closely-arranged prominent concentric lines, wanting on the posterior
side, which is rather shorter than the anterior and regularly rounded at the
end ; anterior submargin with a narrow groove, bounded by a subcarinated
line; anterior side narrowed and rather obtuse at the end. Length 5^.
Height %.
Leda subtrigona Conrad, PI. 25. Fig. 18,
Nucula subtrigona Con., Jr. Phila. Acad., vol. i, 1848, p. 128, pl. 14,
fig. 4.
Conrad's original description. — Subtriangular, ventricose, nearly
equilaterial, with numerous, prominent concentric lines; anterior side
pointed, flexuous ; submargin angulated : anterior margin sinuous, end
angular ; ligament margin straight, basal margin profoundly rounded.
Length 2-3. {}/% Proc. Phila. Acad., '47, p. 297]. Height % nearly.
Leda calcarensis Conrad, PI. 25. Fig. 19.
Nucula calcarensis Con., Jr. Phila. Acad., vol. i, 1848, p. 128, pl. 14,
^Descriptions first published in Proc. Phila. Acad., 1847, p. 297.
71 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 71
fig- 5-
Conrad's oHo-i/ia/ description. — Subovate. ventricose, with minutely
closely arranged concentric lines ; anterior side longest, pointed, slightly
recurved, without a submarginal groove or fold ; base profoundly rounded.
Length 7-16. Height %.
"All the preceding fossils are from the Eocene rocks of St. Matthew's
Parish, Orangeburg District, South Carolina. Not one species of this local-
ity is known in the Lower Eocene of Claiborne or elsewhere, nor in the
Upper Eocene of Vicksburg, and therefore the relative age of the deposit
is uncertain but it unquestionably belongs to the Eocene period. Near this
rock Mr. Vanuxem found quite a different class of shells consisting of casts
in indurated clay. The relative position is undetermined. Two of the shells
are described and named Tellina subequalis and Lutraria petrosal
Adrana aldrichiana Harris, PI. 25. Figs. 20-21.
L. {Adrana) aldrichiana Harris, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895,
p. 47, pi. I, fig. 6.
Han is' s oris^inal description. — .Size and general form as indicated by
the figure ; exterior smooth and polished ; within smooth ; sinus small ;
posterior [anterior] row of teeth much the longer.
The type .specimen is compre.ssed vertically, the umbo should
be somewhat more elevated than is repre.sented by the figure.
The type is in the Aldrich collection of Johns Hopkins Univ. It
was from a locality half a mile below Mosley's ferry on the Bra-
zos River, Texas. A cast of elongate Taxodont probably
of this species is in our collection from the region about Roberta,
La. (fig. 20),
"Nucula capsiopsi8"deGregorio, PI. 25. Figs. 22-23.
A\ capsiopsis de Greg., Men. Faun. Eoc. Ala., '92, p. 187, pi. 22, figs.
23-24.
DeGregorio's original description.— T&sta. minuta, tenuis, elegans,
elliptica, sequilatera, laevigata ; umbone minimo, centrali ; cardine lineari ;
dentibus 6 ad latus. L. 3 mm.
C'estun tres petite coquille, mais ayant des characteres bien definis.
— (Coll. mon Cabinet).
This very little, presumably immature, .specimen de Gregorio
describes along with his material coming mainly from the Clai-
borne sands, but he gives no definite locality for this particular
species. We have found nothing of the kind from the mid-
Eocene of Alabama.
72 BUI.LET1N 31 72
Yoldia claibornensis Conrad, PI. 25. Fig. 24.
Nuciila ciaiboruensis Con., Jr. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. i, p. 131, pi.
14, fig. 22.
Yoldia claiboniensis DaXX, Trans. Wag. Ill, 1898, p. 594, 596.
Conrad's original description. — Ovate-acute, compressed, polished,
entire ; ligament and anterior dorsal margin nearly rectilinear ; anterior
side longest ; posterior end regularly rounded ; anterior basal margin nearly
straight. Locality, Claiborne, Alabama.
We have heretofore been accustomed to refer the large Yol-
dias at the base of the bluff at Claiborne to claibornensis.
But in the National Museum Collection there are small,
smooth specimens from the sand bed which Dall evidentl}^ re-
gards as the true claibornensis. In this he is probably correct as
Conrad seems not to have collected at all carefully from the St.
Maurice bed at the base of the bluff. But the type is lost and it
impossible to know for certain from which horizon Conrad's
.specimens came. If tho.se derived from the lower horizon are not the
.same species as those from the "sand", clearlj^ they should be
given a distinctive designation. Dall accordingly names the
lower, psammotcea (see below, by a .slight lapsus referred to the
"Claiborne sands", p. 596, op. cit.).
We have no specimens from the Claiborne horizon.
Yoldia psammolaea Dall, PI. 25. Figs. 25-31
}'. psatninotcea'Da.W, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1898, p. 596, pi. 34, fig. 20.
DalVs original description . — Shell smooth, or with faint incremental
lines, inequilateral with low beaks, the dorsal and ventral margin sub-par-
allel ; valves elongated, rounded in front and behind, the posterior part
somewhat compressed and attenuated ;' anterior end with a moderate gape ;
lunule and escutcheon elongated, very narrow, almo.st linear.
IvOng. 21, alt. 9, diam. 6 mm.
This species is represented by two specimens with the valves closed
and filled with a rather hard matrix, so that the hinge characters are in-
accessible. It is clearly di.stinct from any of the described species of the
American Eocene, and peculiar in its elongate solenoid form. It cannot be
confounded with ]'. claibornensis QonraA, from the same horizon. It would
find a place in the section OrtJioyoldia Verrill.
By a slight confusion of horizons Dall refers this to the
Claiborne sand instead of the St. Maurice calcareous clays at
the base of the bluff whence it actuallv came.
73 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 73
This form we have heretofore regarded as but a large well
developed claibornensis. It is a ver}' widel}' distributed St.
Maurice species, varj'ing considerably, however, from state to
state as traced from Mexico to the Carolinas. It is most abund-
ant and typically developed just below the ferry at Claiborne,
Ala., but is rarely found in a perfect state of preservation. It
is common also at Lisbon and Hamilton Bluff.
The extent of striation upon the surface varies greatly even
at the tj^pe locality. Sometimes the incremental lines cover
nearly the entire surface. At Vivian, La., a more nearly equi-
lateral form occurs, with .stronger striae, var. viviayiensis (fig. 31);
and 5 miles N. and N. W. of Orangeburg casts showing undula-
tions (fig. 30) are not rare. We have called the latter var.
orangeburgensis though they ma\" belong to quite a distinct
species.
Type. — U. S. Nat. Museum.
Horizo7i. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ., except
fig. 28, from U. S. Nat. Mus.
Localities. — Smithville, Mosley's Ferry, Cedar Cr., Tex.
Noble's Ldg., Roselawn, St. Maurice, Calvin, i mile S. of the
"Marble Q'y", Chautauqua, La. From Hamilton Bluff to the
Upper bluff at Claiborne, Ala. Kitt's Ravine, S. C.
In varietal forms at Vivian, La. and 5 miles N. and N. W.
of Orangeburg, S. C.
Nucula magnifica Conrad, PI. 26. Figs. 1-3, 8.
N. magnifica Con., Foss. Shells Tert. Form., 1833, p. 37.
A', sedgwickii Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 79, pi. 3, fig. 58.
A^ magnifica d&Gve^., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1892, p. 189, pi. 22,
figs. 16-19.
Conrad^ s original description. — Shell obliquely subtriangular, very
inequilateral, smooth, thick, with obscure reticular striae ; anterior side
truncated ; posterior side elongated or cuneiform ; basal margin crenated ;
hinge teeth elongated ; within pearly or purplish. Length nearly % of an
inch. Locality, Claiborne, Ala. Cab. Acad. N. S.
So far as w^e have observed typical magnifica occurs onl}'' in
the Claiborne sand at Claiborne and nearbv localities. The um-
74 BUI^LETIN 31 74
bonal region seems heavy, deep, inturning, when compared with
the same parts of individuals from the St. Maurice Stage (var.
viauricensis, n. var., figs. 4-6). Compare pi. 26, figs. 2 and 3
with fig. 4. Also note that the width of fig. 8 is to its height as
I : 2.3. The typical older, or inauricensis variety as here figured
is found at the base of the bluff just above the Upper Landing at
Claiborne and at Lisbon, in Alabama and westward into Texas.
Likewise in the Orangeburg District of South Carolina, though
there, as usual, a tendency is shown to assume something of a
true Claiborne aspect.
Type. — Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Horizon. — Claiborne and St. Maurice Eocene stages.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus., Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Texas (where according to my MS report to the
Texas Survey, 1893, "The specimens have slightly less conspic-
uous beaks, the center of the lunule is slightl}' more elevated and
the lunule is shorter than in the specimens from Claiborne' ' ) :
Devil's Eye, Col. Riv. ; Col. Riv. just below the mouth of Alum
Cr. ; Smithville ; Little Brazos River, Mosley's Ferry road ; Bra-
zos River 500 yards below the mouth of Little Brazos River ;
Cedar Creek, S. E. Cor. Wheelock League ; Elm Creek, Lee Co. ;
Campbell's Creek, Robertson Co. ; Sabine River. Louisiana :
Sabine River ; Hammett's Branch ; Monroe well ; Columbus,
Noble's Landing, Ouachita River. Alabama : Coffeeville ; Lis-
bon ; base of Claiborne Bluff ; Claiborne sands. South Carolina :
3 and 6 miles W. N. W. of Orangeburg ; 5 miles N. of Orange-
burg. North Carolina : 1 7 miles above Newbern on the Neuse
River.
Nucula ripae, n. sp., PI. 26. Figs. 9-10.
Specific characterization. — Form and size as indicated by the
figures and explanations ; surface covered with fine, somewhat
irregular lines or small folds of growth ; lunular and escutcheon
areas broad, with margins of the valves raised or pouting ; no
sharpl}' defined radiating lines on these areas separating them
from the general surface of the valves, the definition being
brought about by fairly well defined obtuse, radiating ridges ;
75 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 75
margins creniilated ; posterior row of cardinal teeth very short
(5 or 6) and making an angle of aboat 150° with the anterior ;
cartilage pit well marked and very oblique.
Type and specimeyis figured. — Paleont. Museum, Cornell
Univ.
Horizon and locality. — St. Maurice horizon, at the base of
the Upper Bluff at Claiborne, Ala. ; 3 miles W. N. W. of Orange-
burg, S. C.
Certain small casts from a very light-colored, sandy compact,
clay, 6 miles W. N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C, seem also refer-
able to this species. The same kind of material shows the same
kinds of casts 5 miles N. of Orangeburg on Columbia Road.
A very different form, more or less of the oznila tj^pe occurs
in Mississippi, but as our specimens are imperfect and the locality
is indefinite it seems inadvisable to assign a specific name to this
type (pi. 26, fig. 15).
Nucula monroensis Aldrich, PI. 26. Fig. 11.
Jl. monroensis Aid., Bull, i, Geol. Surv. Ala., 1886, p. 40, pi. 4, fig. 2.
Aldrich' s original description. — Shell ovate-elliptical, subangular be-
hind, surface covered with raised, concentric ribs, sharp on the upper edge
and sloping down towards the ventral margin ; beaks recurved ; lunule
faintly marked, but large ; cavity of the shell rather deep ; margin cren-
ulated.
Z.<?rfl/z(y.— Calcareous sand-bed, lower part of Claiborne section, Mon-
roe County, Alabama.
We have not had a specimen of this species for study but
owing to the extreme variability of these Nncidcz from the St .
Maurice beds we are prepared to see this shade into viauricensis
and even ripcz and finally all into magnijica when a great amount
of material shall have been collected and studied. The type is
doubtless with the Aldrich collection in the Museum of Johns
Hopkins Univ.
Nucula OVUla Lea, PI. 26. Figs. 12-14.
A', ovula Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 80, pi. 3, fig. 59.
76 BuivivETiN 31 76
Nuculana ovula Con., Am. Jr. Conch, vol. i, 1865, p. 13.
Nucula ovula Har., Bull. Am. Pal., vol. I, 1898, p. 168, pi. 14, fig. 5.
For Lea's original description, see these Bulletins as above cited.
This species in its varietal forms seems to be fairly well dis-
tributed in the Eocene series. In the more typical forms the two
.series of hinge teeth are each somewhat curved and lines drawn
tangentially to the mid portions of each would intersect at an an-
gle of 90°, whereas a similar construction about the hinge teeth of
7nagnifica would produce a much greater angle (compare figs, i
and 14). The projecting margins of the valves within the long
lunule make a fine distinguishing feature exteriorly. Lea's fig-
ure, indicating conspicuous radial striae is slightly misleading.
Type. — No. 5399, Coll. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Horizon. — Midway -Jackson stages.
Specime7ts figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
St. Mmiriee and Claiborne localities. — Claiborne stage, at
Claiborne, Ala. St. Maurice stage : in large, typical form at
Hickory and Wautubbee, Miss. Flatter, less abbreviated po.ster-
iorl}' and more difficult to distinguish from niagnifica, 3 and 6
miles W. N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C. In form of casts, good
size but flat, Kinston and 17 miles above Newbern, N. C.
Solemya alabamensis Harris, PI. 26. Fig. j6.
S. alabamensis Harris, These Bulletins, vol. 2, p. 265, pi. 20, fig. 12.
For original description, see reference above. The type spec-
imen from the uppermo.st Sabine beds of Alabama seems to be
somewhat imperfect about the umbonal region . The specimen
herewith figured is from 5 miles N. of Orangeburg, S. C. in asso-
ciation w\Xh Lutraria lapidosa. It, too, is an internal impression,
but the hinge characteristics are well shown, both the ridge be-
low the muscular scar and the njaiiph supporting the ligament.
Type. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Horizon. — Uppermost Sabine and St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.;
Localities. — Sabine : 4 miles N. of Hamilton Bluff, Alabama
River. St. Maurice ; Ft. Gaines, Ga. ; 5 miles N, of Orangeburg,
S. C.
77 St. Maurice and Claiborne PeIvECypoda 77
Venericardiaplanicosta Lamarck, PI. 27; PI. 28. Fig.s. 1-3.
For sj-nonymy and original description, see Bull. Am. Pal., vol. i, ]>.
172, pi. 14; vol. 2, p. 246, pis. 15, 16.
Conrad's Cardita vigintinaria (Jr. Phila. Acad., vol. i, '48, p. 129, pi.
14, fig. 12) and perhaps C. carolineusis ditto, p. 128, would seem to
belong there. Both were omitted by Conrad in his list of 1865
(Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. i.)
Of the four fairly distinct types oi planicosta recorded from
the Sabine (Lignitic) horizons (Bull. Am. Pal. ,vol. 2, pi. 16)
two, designated for convenience of reference y and d continue
into higher beds, y through the St. Maurice and 6 also through
the Claiborne and Jackson stages. Slight modifications of 6
reached the old country in mid- Eocene times and were there first
described tk.^ planicosta by Lamarck. So far as our collections go
it is the English Bracklesham specimens that furnish the nearest
replicas of the American forms. At Alum Bay or Whitecliff Bay
on either end of the Isle of Wight we have obtained small spec-
imens of this .species which are very like those from Texas.
Specialized and decadent varieties of this stock tend to broaden
and obliterate the costation in later stages of growth. This is es-
pecially the ca.se in America. Most specimens of ''densata'" of
Conrad (pi. 27, figs. 1-3) show this tendency. It is much better
shown in W\^ potapacocnsis of the Maryland Surve)^ Reports. Most
persistent of all is this feature in var. K (pi. 28, fig. 3 ; pi. 29,
fig. i). However, amongst any and all of these, the reversion to
the sharpl}' defined ribbing (pi. 28, fig. i) is very frequent. Con-
rad has apparently given two names to these clear-cut forms,
vigintinaria and mooreana.
The American specimens, on the whole, show higher beaks
than the European ; especially is this the case with the great
early specimens illustrated in vol. 2, pi. 15, or this work. Com-
pare fig. I of that plate with fig. 2, pi. 27, of the present volume
and it will appear how\ in mid-Eocene time there was a close ap-
proaching to the European tj^pe. The beak is not far above the
most anterior point in the margin of the shell, and beneath this
point there is an oblique truncation of the margin, noticeablj' dif-
ferent from the fullness of the margin at this place as shown in
form (i, pi. 15, fig. I (vol. 2).
7^ Bulletin 31 78
Where there are great numbers of very j^ouiig of planicosta
and small rotunda, as in the Claiborne "sand", it is something of
a task to separate the two, for each show a nearly circular out-
line and have crenulated ribs. However, it will be noticed that
planicosta has on an average about 26 ribs to rotunda' $22. The
ribs on the post-umbonal slope of rotunda tend to be far apart and
show unusually sharp or large crenulations. Planicosta is finel}"
and evenly ribbed and crenulated. In somewhat larger shells it
will be foimd that the crenulation of the ribs oi planicosta become
obsolete basally (pi. 27, fig. i a) while in rotunda they increase
in size and become hoods or inverted funnels (pi. 28, figs. 4
and 5.
The variety ;/, as before stated, conies up from the upper
Sabine beds and is abundant at Hamilton Bluff and Lisbon, Ala-
bama — beds of St. Maurice age. Dall regard this the same as
the ''Cardita hornir' of the West Coast. We have seen it in the
St. Maurice, from the Alabama localities and 200 yards below the
mouth of Bayou Negreet on the Sabine River, La.
Specimens Jigured. — Paleont. Coll. Cornell Univ.
Horizons. — Midway to Jackson inclusive (in America).
Localities from the St. Maurice stage. — Texas : Practicall}''
where fossiliferous beds are found, from the Rio Grande to the
Sabine ; we have over 50 entries from this state in our old Texas
MS report. Louisiana : Hammett's Br., Monroe well, Chautau-
qua, near Long Pt., >^ mile S. of Alabama Ldg., Ouachita Riv-
er; Winona; Reid's Plantation (S. 29, 19 N., 4 W.). Mississ-
ippi : Wautubbee. Alabama : Hamilton Bluff, Lisbon ; base of
Claiborne Bluff ; Coffeeville. Ga. : Ft. Gaines. South Carolina :
3 and 6 miles W. N. W. of Orangeburg ; Rock}^ Swamp, 5 miles
S. of Springfield.
In the Claiborne stage at Claiborne, Ala.
Venericardia rotunda Lea, PL 28, figs. 4-7, HI. 29, Figs. 2-5.
V. rotunda Lea, Cont. to GeoL, 1833, p. 70, pL 2, fig. 48.
V. transversa \a.v. rotunda de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., p. 212, pi.
13, figs. 6-13.
? C. siibrotunda Con., Jr. Phila. Acad., Nat. Sci., vol. i, 1848, p. 129,
79 St. Mauricu and Claibornk Pei,ecypoda 79
pi. 14, fig. II. Conrad omits this name in his list of '65.
Lea'' s original description. — Shell rotund, inequilateral, slightly in-
flated, longitudinally and closely ribbed ; substance of the shell rather
thick ; lunule small, ovately cordate ; beaks slightly elevated, recurved ;
ribs about twenty-six and furnished with closely set arched scales ; teeth
rather oblique ; cicatrices rather impressed ; cavity of the shell somewhat
deep and rounded ; margin rather largely crenulate.
Diam. .6, Length i. Breadth i inch.
Observation. — This fine species is remarkable for its beautifully fur-
nished ribs, which are so thickly set with arched scales, as almost to cause
them to lie over each other.
De Gregorio believes this to be a variet}' of alticostata. Dall
and Cossmann, however, regard the two distinct. So far as the
Claiborne specimens are concerned, there is little reason for unit-
ing the two, though, that the}" belong to the same stock of the
genus cannot be denied, and when traced back into the St. Maur-
ice stages great difficulty often arises in endeavoring to separate
the ancestral forms of the two.
To begin with, there are two varieties of rotunda in the Clai-
borne ' 'sand' ' . One with its ribs bedecked with ' 'arched scales' ' ,
the one Lea had in mind in describing the species, reminding one
of a series of minute, inverted funnels, or perhaps a dead branch
bedecked with a series of saucer-shape fungi, hence we suggest
for it the varietal name />c;/^/wfl! (pi. 28, figs. 4,5). The second,
slightly more abundant and growing at times a little larger than
the first, is practically the t5-pe Lea figures in his Contributions to
Geology. The ribs are ornamented by simple nodules, giving a
more cord-like aspect, hence the varietal uSinx^ funiculus (pi. 28,
figs. 6, 7).
In such a regular form as this, one can scarcely speak of an
innbonal ridge, but, in the general region from beak to postero-
basal margin there is a tendency to somewhat suppress costal
ornamentation . Two or three ribs beneath the ligament margin
show rather exaggerated ornamentation (pi. 29, fig. 5). In the
medial portion of the shell the ribs show more or less clearly that
the}^ rest on a broader, basal ribbing, i. e. shows terrace struc-
ture.
8o BUI^LETIN 31 80
In differentiating this species hoiwalticostata, it will be noticed
that rotunda has in general a more nearly circular outline ; there
is less of a post-umbonal flattening ; there are but two or three
rather conspicuous costse below the ligamental margin, whereas in
alticostata there are four and the fourth is oftentimes strongest of
all ; the ornamentation or serration is much finer than in alticos-
tata and the terracing of the ribs is shown, if at all, mediall}' and
not most strongly towards the anterio-submargin as in alticostata.
The hinge teeth are comparatively thick and robust in rotunda.
However, there • are a few specimens one finds in sorting over
hundreds of rotunda that show a tendenc}^ toward a quadrate
form and have the costal serration approaching that of alticostata.
But the strong fourth rib below the ligamental margin is lacking,
likewise the strong terracing anteriorly.
Types. — Probably No. 5267, of the Phila. Acad. Coll. was
the specimen from which Lea's figure w^as drawn ; features used
in the description of the species were doubtless derived from Nos.
5268-70. T}'pes of the va.x\Qt\es fujigina Q.nd funiculus are in the
Paleont. Museum at Cornell.
Horizon. — Claibornian and Jacksonian stages.
Localities. — Texas : Smithville, Bastrop Co. ; Burleson Shell
Bluff, Brazas Kiver ; 3 miles N. F. of Alto, Cherokee Co. ; Hur-
ricane Ba3'ou, Marsters and Hodge headright, Houston Co.
Miss. : Wautubbee. Alabama : Claiborne "sand", Claiborne.
Venericardia rotunda, var. flabellum, n. var. PI. 29. Fig. 8.
General appearance as figured ; beaks more pointed than in
rotu?ida, s. s. ; ribs about 21, ornamented by broad, blunt nod-
ules and rarely showing in adult stage lateral terracing.
This is a very abundant type at Smithville, Tex.
Venericardia (rotunda) varying toward trapaquara, PI. 29. Figs. 6, 7.
A small form with inflated umbonal region, a tendency to-
ward a squarish outline and with ribs showing about as much
lateral terracing as rotunda and with crenulation intermediate in
character .h&tw&^n fimgina 2ii\d funiculus ; an immediate descend-
8i St. Maurick and Claiborne Pixecypoda
ant of the Woods Bluff form and the progenator of rotunda, carson-
cnsis &c. Wantubbee and Johnson's Place, Miss.
Venericardia (rotunda ?) var. colorador.is, PI. 29. Fig. 9.
A form occurring at Smithville, Tex., zxaovi^ fiabcU urn , de-
cidedly inflated centrally, having a 7viIcoxensis-\sks: appearance,
with ribs laterally terraced and crenules somewhat cup-shaped
but comparatively far apart. Also found on the Sabine, La.
side 200 yds below the mouth of Bayou Negreet.
Venericardia trapaquara Harris, PI. 30. Figs. 6-9.
V.trapaquara Harris, Proc. 'T^hila. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1895, p. 48, pi. i,
fig. 7-
Harris's original description. — General form as figured ; ribs about
twenty-four, compound, /. e., broad at base, surmounted by a medial dentate
carina ; umbonal ridge prominent.
This species is remarkable for its quadrangular form and the promi-
nence of the umbonal ridge. It belongs to the alticostata stock and is most near-
ly allied to Cardita subquadrata Con. (Jr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 2d Ser.,1848,
p. 128, pi. 14, fig. 10), but from Conrad's description and figure it is evident
that his species is much more compressed, the umbonal region less prom-
inent, and the beaks more nearly central.
Locatity. — Cedar Creek, southwest corner of Wheelock League, 200
yds. north of Brazos Co. line, Robertson Co., Tex.
Geologicat horizon. — Lower Claiborne Eocene.
Type. — Texas State Museum.
A photograph of the specimen described over twenty j-ears
ago is given herewith, fig. 8. It is considerably eroded and the
true character of the stirface markings scarcely determinable from
the tj^pe. From other localities, for example Clear Lake, La.,
specimens of the same quadrate form with short ligamental mar-
gin appear wnth others like those shown in figs. 6 and 7, pi. 30.
It is clear from occasional well-ornamented specimens that the
ribbing though usually showing terracing but faintly, may show-
it distinctly in places wdth the crenulation approaching that of
the Sabine ''alticostata''. The shell, however, is not so in-
flated as in that species, and the generally well-defined umbonal
ridge and the postero-basal angle give the shell a very different
appearance from the somewhat Verticordia-Vik.Q: Sabine form.
82 BUI,I.KTIN 31 83
Type. — No 256 in the Texas State Univ., Austin, Tex. Addi-
tional specimens figured, pi. 30, figs. 6, 7, 9 in Paleont. Mus.
C. U.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Localities. — Cedar Cr., Tex. ; Clear Lake, I^a. ; Wautubbee,
Miss.
Although the more elongate and quadrangular forms of this
species indicate a relationship with alticostata, the more circular
approach variations of rotunda.
Venericardia natchitoches, n. sp., PI. 30. Figs. 10, 13-16.
Specific characterization . — Size and general appearance as in-
dicated by the figures and explanations ; substance of the shell
rather thick ; ribs low and broad at base, wider than the inter-
spaces, but with a narrow, sharp, serrated median keel, decided-
ly (^//?V(75/fl! /a- like, but onh' 14 or 15 in number ; sub-ligamental
ribs not noticeabl}' larger than those on the remaining portion of
the shell. A compact, moderate-sized species generall}^ so broken
as to appear more elongate than it should, and with carinal ser-
ration eroded awa5^
Type. — From Natchitoches, La., deposited in Paleont. Mus.
Cornell Univ.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
It would seem quite probable that this is the form from
which alticostata was derived, though the number of costae is sur-
prisingly small.
Venericardia alticostata PI. 30. Figs. 1-5.
For original description, synonymy &c, see these Bulletins, vol. i, p.
171 ; vol. 2, p. 247. Other references to closely allied forms or
mere varieties of this species may here be added :
V. blandingi Con., Jr. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 6, '30, p, 229, pi.
9, fig. 20.
? V. bilineata, ditto, vol. i, '48, p. 128, pi. 14, fig. 9.
? V. subguadrata, ditto, p. 128, pi. 14, fig. 10.
V. transversa var. secans de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., '92, p. 212.
83 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 83
F. jrrejr^ia/ia Dall, Trans. Wag. Ill, '03, p. 1425.
K 2uilcoxensis Dall, ditto, p. 1426, pi. 54, fig. 12.
If we admit that this stock of Venericardia had in Midway
times a similar inherent potentiality for differentiation that the
plantcosta stock had, or that as it ascended through the various
Eocene stages it was subjected to similar modifications in environ-
ment, then, this being a somewhat more highly organized form
with greater details of ribbing and less regularity in outline
would naturally sooner evolve variations conspicuous enough to
be seized upon by authors as constituting "distinct .species".
Hence the tendency towards listing "varieties" under planicosta
and "species" under \:.\y't aIticostata-\-C&& forms.
The name alticostata was first applied to the good-sized,
abundant and rather specialized tj'pe of the stock found in the
Claiborne "sand" at Claiborne. Here it is by far the mcst con-
spicuous member of the genus. Moreover, it is sufficiently vari-
able to have caused Lea to separate it into two distinct species,
transversa and siUiniani, and to cause de Gregorio to institute a
new variety, secans. In the red clays in the Orangeburg District
of South Carolina, where there is often a commingling of St. Maur-
ice and Claiboriie species alticostata is present in nearl}- its usual
size, but seemingly with less variation. Our collections from the
St. Maurice beds from Alabama w^estward show no typically de-
veloped specimens.
The general characteristics of alticostata need not be restated
here. However, attention ma}^ perhaps be directed to a few in-
teresting features.
When young the shell appears somewhat thin and .shows
within, the position of the external costse. The latter are sim-
ple or non-terraced, but are ornamented with little knobs or cren-
ules which become long, conspicuous, hollow and irregularly loca-
ted on the post-umbonal slope. In the adult the ribs appear as
follows : Beginning anteriorly, 1-4, crenulate, simple ; 4 or 5 to 12-
15, terraced, crenulate, crenulae becoming funnel-shaped, or as
\nf angina, at the anterio-basal margin ; 12-15 to 17-21, crenula-
tion becoming obsolete, terraces becoming sloping and ob.solete,
84 Bulletin 31 84
hence interspaces becoming V-shaped ; tip of V somewhat trun-
cated, largely so in Midway forms called wilcoxensis by Dall ;
slopes of V showing irregularly directed growth-lines which more
or less criss-cross at the bottom of the V, also showing most
beautifully under a strong lens a fine granulation with a tendency
toward a radiate arrangement (pi. 30, fig. 12); from about ribs
24 to 25, or those from the umbonal ridge to about the fourth be-
low the ligamental margin the strength of the ribbing decreases ;
from about the fourth below the ligamental margin to the margin
itself the ribs become strong again, oftentimes the fourth being
the strongest and where it terminates on the posterior margin a
slight angle appears ; these sub-ligamental ribs are also more
strongl}" and irregularly ornamented than those below.
7>;:>^.— Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Horizon. — Claiborne and St. Maurice of S. C.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus. , Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Claiborne sand bed, Claiborne, Ala. 3 and 6
miles W. N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C.
Venericardia complexicosta Aldrich and Meyer, PL 31- tig. 5-
V. cotnplexi casta Aid. and Mr., Jr. Cinn. vSoc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, pt.
II, p. 45, pi. 2, fig. 21, a.
Original characterization. — Rather small. Cordate. Very much in-
flated. Beak large. Covered by compound, elevated ribs, crenulated near the
umbo. They consist of a large median and two small side-ribs. Margin
crenulated within, in correspondence with the outer ribs.
Wautubbee.
Venericardia niooreana Gabb, from Texas, and Ven. perantiqiia Con.
( V. subquadrata Gabb), from New Jersey have similar ribs, biit are less in-
flated ; have a rounded ventral margin and a smaller beak.
In our collections from Waubtubbee we have found nothing
corresponding to this description. Bttt it is clear that we have
in this species a direct descendant of the small Woods Bluff Ven-
ericardias heretofore commonly referred to a variety oi allicostata.
Reynarks on the rotunda-alticostata stock
In specimens from Woods Bluff (pi. 31, figs. 1-4), note the
general terracing of the ribs as in natchitoches and alticostata ; the
tendency toward an angular outline as in trapaqiiara, carsonensis
85 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 85
and alticostata ; and finally, the general shortness of the shell as
in carsonensis2^\\di rotunda, with the ribs ornamented by the fun-
nel-shaped nodules so well shown in the fungina variety of ro-
hi7ida.
The in-curving of the pronounced beak and the lack of de-
velopment in the post ero-basal region give this form a slight
VerticordiaASk.Q. aspect. On passing into the St. Maurice stage
this often becomes more quadrangular, less inflated, and above
all seems to lose nearly all the terrace structure of the ribs in the
multicostate specimens.
Table shotvijig rotmida-alticostata relationship
Jackson {pmcisa tetrica carsonensis) eutawcole?is
""[ i i
Claiborne {^fungina rotunda funiculus') alticostata
I I
flabellimi coloradonis alticostata natchitoches
St. Maurice trapaquara peraiitiqua
coniplexicosta
I
''^alticostata f var."
Sabine greggiana
I
Midway wilcoxensis
Ill-defined and unrecognizable species of Venericardia described by
Conrad.
Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1847, P- 297. From Eocene
Rocks, St. Matthew's Parish, Orangeburg District, S. C.
Cardita carolinensis
Suborbicular? profoundly ventricose, with about thirty very promi-
86 Bulletin 31 86
iient square radii, on the anterior side sharp, recurved and crenulated ; lun-
iile vent' broad and cordate, deeply impressed ; hinge thick ; pit anterior to
the cardinal tooth small and profound. This is a fragment of the right
valve about 5-8ths of an inch long.
Cardita bilineata (see pi. 31, fig. 8)
(Fig'd, Jr. Phila. Acad., vol. i, pi. 13, fig. 9.)
Subrhomboidal, very inequilateral, with about twenty-four wide, flat-
tened radii, with very narrow interstices, a carina in the middle of each rib,
with an impressed line on each side of it ; ribs crenulated anteriorly ; carina
somewhat tuberculated on the posterior side of the shell. Length i^,
height 9-16.
Cardita subquadrata (see pi. 31, fig. 7.)
Trapezoidal, compressed ; valves flattened in the middle ; radii about
twenty-five, broad on the disk, with ver}' narrow interstices, and each rib
with a crenulated carina in the middle ; posterior to umbonal slope the ribs
are smooth, not carinated ; anterior short, rounded at the end ; posterior
margin obliquely truncated. Length 5-16. Height 7-20.
Cardita siibrotunda (see pi. 31, fig. 9)
(Fig'd, Jr. Phila. Acad. vol. i, pi. 14, fig. 11.)
Orbicular, inequilateral, ventricose, with about twenty-eight rounded
prominent, narrow radii ; ligament margin very oblique, short ; ends ob-
tusely rounded ; inner margin slightly crenulated. Length y^. Height ]/{.
Cardita vigintinaria (see pi. 31, fig. 10)
(Fig'd, Jr. Phila. Acad., vol. i, pi. 14, fig. 12.
Suborbicular, inequilateral, ventricose, with about thirty square radii,
about as wide as the interstices ; umbonial slope rounded ; anterior margin
subtruncated. Length %. Height %.
To these tnay be added blandingi of Conrad and inflatior of
Meyer
Venericardia blandingi (see pi. 31, fig. 11, a)
(Con., Jr. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 6, 1830, p. 229, pi. 9, fig. 20.)
Shell suborbicular ; ribs about twenty, rather square with a rough
tuberculated carina on each ; anterior margin slightly truncated.
This shell is very like Sowerby's /'. carinata, but it is smaller, and
the carinse are not smooth ; it has been imbedded in a hard silicious matrix,
and the carinae are worn, except near the margin, where they are distinct.
I am indebted to Mr. Morton for this fossil ; it was sent to him by
Dr. Blanding, of Camden, S. C, who found it at Vance's Ferry in that state,
where other shells occur characteristic of the Maryland tapper Marine form-
ation. Cabinet of the Academy.
87 St. Maurice and Claiijornk Pelecypoda 87
The specimen is still in the Academy's Collection and is a
small a//iros/afa-\\ke form with the median portion of the rib thin,
or highly keeled. We suppose this to represent the St. Maurice
horizon.
Venericardia inflatior Mej er, PI. 31. Fig. 6.
/'. injJatior Mej-er, Amer. Jour. vSci., vol. 29, 1885, p. 460.
/'. iiijlatior viewer. Bull, i, Geol. Surv. Ala., 1886, p. 84, pi. i, fig. 26.
Cardita parva Cossmann, Notes Compl. &e., 1893, p. 14.
Meyer's original description. — Small ; cordate ; ventricose ; sub-
equilateral ; margin semicircular ; beaks elevated and large, turned anter-
iorh- ; surface covered with about twenty ribs ; they are smooth at the um-
bo, slightly crenulated towards the ventral margin ; the interstices are
about of the same size as the ribs ; margin crenulated.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Differs from I 'enericardia parva Lea, from the same locality princi-
pally in being smaller, more ventricose and rounded, and having a much
larger beak.
We have found nothing in our collections corresponding to
this. Its appearance is more or less pathologic.
Venericardia (Pleuromeris) tortidens, n. sp., PI. 31. Figs. 12 a, b.
Specific characterization. — Form and size as indicated by the
illustrations and explanation ; substance of the shell rather thin,
showing within clearly the position of the ribs ; exterior with
14-15 beaded ribs about Vi the width of the interspaces ; ribs not
terraced laterally, but becoming broader at base and having a
width more than equal to the width of the deepest portion of the
interspaces ; lunule comparatively large and prominent, muscu-
lar scars very faint, hinge in the left valve with a small, forward-
downward sloping cardinal, with traces of a lateral at the distal
end of the lunular mass, a long posterior extending ^ way to
the posterior end of the shell : right valve with an anterior sock-
et y'z way toward the anterior end of the shell, one small and one
large cardinal with a posterior lateral forming a continuation of
the ligamental support.
The general appearance of this shell is similar to the young
of V. planicosta, but the ribs are very few in number, show no
88 BUI.LETIN 31 88
signs of terracing, and the teeth are not in accord with those of
the young oi planicosta. Especially peculiar is the anterior card-
inal in the left valve, which is not triangular, with a general
slope toward the center of the shell, but of a more slender build
sloping anteriorly at base. This feature together with the de-
velopment of laterals make this an interesting form. It differs
externall}' ixova parva by its smaller size, more quadrate form and
fewer ribs (scarcely one-half the number of that .species).
Type, etc. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Locality. — Lisbon and Claiborne, Ala. (Very rare) .
Venericardia parva Lea, PI. 31. Figs. 13-16.
V. parva Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 70, pi. 2, fig. 49.
Cardita {Ven.) transversa vox. juvenis de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc.
Ala., 1890, pi. 31, figs. 14-22.
V. {Pleuroineris) parva Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1903, p. 1432.
Lea's original description. — Shell subtriangular, rounded below, an-
gular above, inflated, inequilateral, longitudinally and closely ribbed ; sub-
stance of the shell thick, lunule large, cordate, slightly impressed ; beaks
elevated, large ; ribs about twenty, transversely and thickly crenulate, teeth
oblique ; cicatrices slightly impressed ; cavity of the shell rather deep
margin largely crenulate.
Diam. 2, Length .3, Breadth .3 of an inch.
rj;/)^.— Probably Nos. 5285,5286 of the Lea Coll., Phila.
Acad., though the specimens are somewhat small.
Horizon. — Claiborne and St. Maurice.
Speci^nens figured. — Claiborne sand. Paleont. Mus. Cor-
nell Univ.
Localities. — Claiborne sand and base of bluff.
"A variety (which may be called synnuietrica) of this shell occurs
both in the Claibornian and Jacksonian, but appears to be very rare. It
resembles the ordinary form in every way except that the beaks are erect
and central, the dorsal slopes similar and the resulting form of the shell a
very regular oval. At first glance this seems very distinct." — Dall. Trans.
Wag., Ill, 1903, p. 1432.
So far we have found no specimens that seem referable
to Ball's variety symmetrica.
89 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 89
Lirodiscus smitlivillensis Harris, PI- 31- Figs. 17-23.
Astarte smithvillensis Har., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895, p.
48, pi. I, figs. 8, a ; 9, a, b, c.
Harris's oHginal description . — Size and general form as indicated by
the figures ; surface in typical specimens marked by strong concentric rugae
especially toward the base ; these slope gently above but abruptly below,
and are superimposed by fine strise ; umbones flattened.
This species shows great variations in form and size as well as mark-
ings. At Collier's ferry some specimens are more elongated, others more
rotund ; some have crenulations on the interior submargin while others are
smooth. Several of these forms are shown by the figures cited.
Locality 0/ the typical fonn.—'DftxWs^yi:, Colorado River, Bastrop
Co. ; Smith ville, Bastrop Co., Tex.
Locality of the smaller forms.— 15 miles southeast of Nacodoches, Na-
codoches Co., Tex.
Geological horizon. — Lower Claiborne Eocene.
Type. — Texas State Museum.
We give herewith photographs of Smithville specimens to-
gether with copies of the figtires of the smaller Burleson Co.
specimens given in the Proceedings of the Phila. Academ3\
The specimens photographed are in the Cornell Paleont-
ological Miisetim.
Lirodiscus (Crustuloides) psychopterus Dall, PI. 32. Fig. i, a, b.
Crassatellites {Scambula)psychopterus Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1903, p.
1470, pi. 42, figs. 8, 9.
Nezv subgeiieric characterization. — Shell of moderate size,
elliptical, wafer-like in flatness ; smooth on the greater portion
of the exterior, bnt undulating peripherally, especially basally ;
hinule and escutcheon linear.
Type.—{Oi right valve, Paleont, Mus., C. U.), (of left
valve, U. S. Nat. Mus.). From Wautubbee, Miss.
Ball's original description of psychopterus.S\\&\\ thin, flat, ovate,
rounded in front and behind, the anterior end shorter ; surface smooth ex-
cept for incremental lines and three or four low, distant concentric ridges ;
nepionic shell with little or no sculpture ; lunule and escutcheon linear or
obsolete ; left valve with two well-marked cardinals, the posterior dorsal
margin with a shallow groove for the edge of the opposite valve ; basal
margin with a row (in the adult) of minute pustuliform crenations. Long.
20.0, alt. 15.0, semi-diameter 1.3 mm.
The single valve upon which ( with a fragment of a larger specimen )
90 Bulletin 31 90
this species is founded are undoubtedly young ; the crenations do not ap-
pear on their margins, though well-developed on the fragment. It is not
the young of any known species and it is highly probahle that its remark-
able compression is not materially altered in the adult.
The dentition of this species is exactly that of Lirodisciis
when excessively compressed. The longish, external ligamental
groove is well marked in our specimen and apparently so in Mc-
Connell's drawing of the same for Dall, as quoted in the synon-
}'my above. It seems within the range of possibility that this
may be near the obscure and fragmental C. palmtda Con (Amer.
Jour. Sci., vol. I, 1846, p. 396, pi. 4, fig. i.)
Horizon. — St. Maurice stage of the Eocene series.
Localities. — Wautubbee and Mr. Johnson's place, Miss.
Lirodiscus protractus (Meyer), PI. 32. Figs. 2, a, 3?
Astarte protrada Meyer, Bull, i, Geol. Sur^-. Ala., 1886, p. 80, pi. 3,
figs. 18, 18 a.
? Lirodiscus protractus Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1903, p. 1484, pi. 43,
fig- 3-
Meyer'' s original description. — Elongated, subquadrangular, umbon-
ial part strongly flattened; adductors prominent ; surface covered with dis-
tant concentric ribs, becoming obsolete on the umbonial part ; margin en-
tire.
Locality. — Enterprise, Miss.
The single specimen was collected by me in the stratum, in Enter-
prise mentioned Am. Jour. Sci., XXX, p. 70, as upper bed.
So far we have found no recognizable specimens of this
species.
The relationship of the Sabine (Woods Bluff) form as here-
with shown — fig. 3 — to smithvillensis ox protractus is still in an
unsettled condition.
Lirodiscus tellinoides Con., PI. 32. Figs. 4-1 1.
Astarte tellinoides Con., Am. Jr. Sci., vol. 23, 1833, p. 342.
A. nicklinii L,ea, Cont. to Geol., Dec. 1833, p. 61, pi. 2, fig. 35.
A. sulcata Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 62, pi. 2, fig. 36.
Lirodiscus tellinoides Con., Am. Jr. Conch, vol. 5, 1869, p. 47.
Astarte nicklinii deGreg., Mon Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 199, pi.
27, figs. 6-18.
Lirodiscus tellinoides Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, '03, p, 1483.
91 vSt. Maurick and Claiborne Pelecypoda 91
Conrad's original description. — vShell oval with concentric sulci ;
posterior side with a slight groove or fold terminating in a slight eniargin-
ation of the basal edge ; umbo flattened ; apex acute but not prominent ;
nmscular impressions a little elevated and very distinct. Length half an
inch.
Aor«/77y.— Claiborne, Ala. London day.
Conrad must have had an immature specimen in hand when
he was describing this shell as its usual adult length is not Y-i
but yi in. De Gregorio figures some young, flat shells as a var-
iety ebla but admits that the variety is not very well defined. Lea
based his sulcata on a shell he described as practically nicklinii,
minus the peripheral crenulation.
This species shows a remarkabl}' wide range of variation,
from somewhat elongate with deep radiating channel to nearly
circular with practically no channel. However, the postero-
basal margin is always somewhat truncated and the beaks central
in comparison with smithvillensis from Texas. The general
character of surface undulations is quite different in the two
species.
Type. — Conrad collection, Phila. Acad.
Horizon. — Claiborne Eocene.
Specimens fi-gxired. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Astarte triangulatoides, n. sp., PI. 32. Fig. 12, a.
Specific tharacteriztion. — Form and size as indicated by the
figures and explanation ; more broadly ovate and less triangular
than triangulata Mr. ; no flattening of the umbones as in the var-
ietal forms of smithvillejisis ; exterior with regular, symmetrical-
ly arranged concentric lines or lirations ; margin crenulated with-
in as shown on a second specimen (not the worn type).
This is evidently of the triayigulata stock but besides the
differences between these tw'O species as noted above this is with-
out the excessive lunule excavation of triangulata and is only
one-half as large. It is double the size of A. aldrichiana Har.,
with less rounded base.
92 BuivLETIM 31 92
Type, specimen figured mid locality. — In Paleont. Mus. , Cor-
nell Univ., from Lisbon, Ala.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Astarte neuseana, n. sp., PI. 32. Fig. 13.
Specific characterization. — General appearance high and
acuminate as figured ; surface with faint, fine concentric striation
and with half a dozen or more broad undulations from the medial
portion basally, increasing in strength peripherally ; lunule deep,
about half the length of the anterior margin ; escutcheon less
sharply defined and slightly less in length.
This is very different from anything else with which we are
acquainted in the Eocene of our Southern States. It seems like
a rather small, elevated arata from the Miocene.
The only specimens we have are in form of imprints in a
a porous, silicious limestone from the vicinity of Rocky Landing
on the Neuse River, North Carolina.
Crassinella minor Lea, PI. 32. Figs. 14-27.
Astarte tiiinor Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 63. pL 2, fig. 38.
A. minor, parva, fide Con., Am. Jr. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 9.
Astarte {Micromeris) ininor (S.^ Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., p. 201,
pi. 27, figs. 1-4.
Crassatellites [Crassinella) minor Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1903, p.
1475, 1480.
Lea's original description. — Shell triangular, rounded below, angul-
ar above, compressed, inequilateral, concentrically and widely striate;
beaks elevated, pointed ; lunule large, lanceolate ; cardinal teeth small, the
posterior furnished with a long, straight lateral tooth ; cicatrices scarcely
visible ; margin entire ?
Diam. 1-20, Length nearly .1, Breadth nearly .1 of an inch.
The species at first sight might easily be taken ior pari'a. The mi-
croscope will, however, show very characteristic differences. It is less
angular above ; transverse strise are much farther removed ; it might be
said to be sulcate. All the specimens I have (five) are without a crenu-
lated margin. More perfect specimens may, nevertheless, exhibit this
character.
Type. — This seems to be No. 5225 of the Lea Coll., Phil.
Acad. Coll.
Horizon. — Claiborne and St. Maurice stages.
93 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pklecypoda 93
Specimens fig2i}cd. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
A small variety of this species is found at Alabama Bluff,
Trinity River and Elm Creek, I^ee Co., Tex.
Cuna parva Lea, PI. 32. Figs. 18, a-e.
Astaiie parva Lea, Cont. toGeol., 1833, p. 63, pL 2, fig. 37.
CrassatcUitcs {Cuna) parva Dall, /ar/'/w, Trans. Wag. Ill, 1903, p.
1480.
Lea's original description. — Shell triangular, rounded below, acutely
angular above, compressed, equilateral, concentrically and closely striate ;
beaks elevated, pointed ; lunule large, lanceolate ; cardinal teeth small, the
posterior margin furnished with a long straight lateral one ; cicatrices
scarcely visible ; margin crenulate.
Diam Length .i. Breadth .1 of an inch.
The species above described is more elevated and more acutely an-
gular at the beaks than the others. Its strise are much finer, and it is sup-
posed to be emarginate immediately under the point of the beaks.
The type of the left valve of a species is in the Museum of
the Phila. Academy of Natural Sciences, Lea Memorial Coll. No.
5223. The right seems to be lost.
Our figures are of specimens from the Claiborne sand at
Claiborne, Ala. Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Cuna var. subparva Meyer, PI. 32. Fig. 19.
Astarte (Microineris) subparva Mr., Special Excerpt, Senckenberg.
Natur. Gesellsch. in Frankfurt a. M., 1887, p. 11, pi. 2, fig. 5.
Regarded by Dall and Cossmann as var. oi parva.
lUerer's original description (translated). — Small, pointed-triangular.
Scarcely convex but not compressed. Left valve with a triangular cardinal
and a margin-like posterior lateral tooth. The cardinal teeth of the right
valve are divergent, unequal, the anterior weakly developed. Muscular im-
pressions oval. Pallial line entire. Exterior surface with strong concen-
tric ribbing. Lunule large, smooth, tongue-shaped. Inner margin dentate.
Claiborne, Ala.
In form, size and dentition of the margin the species resembles Micro-
ineris )ninutissi)na Lea, which, however, is distinguishable at first glance
by its radial ribbing. The species is similar to IMicromeris minor as re-
gards its concentric ribbing ; however. iM. subparva is smaller, narrower,
more convex, and has a dentate margin. iMicroniens parva ^ occurring like-
wise at Claiborne with the two species just mentioned, is certainly gener-
ally quite diflFerent in appearance, on an average rather broader, flatter and
larger ; yet these relations vary so that they form no sharply defined dis-
tinction. However, according to my material, the ribbing is so marked and
94 BUI.I.ETIN 31 94
constant that I have been led to separate the two as closel}- allied species.
Froiai Meyer's description and figure this seems to us rather
distinct irora parva Lea. Its size and form all}' it close to our
JiDibriata, 3'et the exterior markings are totally different.
Cuna var. fimbriata n. van, PI. 32. Figs. 20, a.
This variety' as figured is long and rather narrow and shows
clearly the fimbriate outgrowth of the concentric lines, and defin-
ite traces on the exterior of radii, especiall}- towards the ventral
margin. It is from the Claiborne sand.
Cuna? astartoides, n. sp., PI 32. Fig. 21, a.
Specific characterization. — Form and size as indicated by the
figures and explanations ; appearing at first sight like C. viinor,
but more rounded basally, smaller, with less erect umbones and
with very strong, but finer concentric striation ; appearance in
general also approaching A. triajigidatoides ; dentition somewhat
as in C. minor, but posterior cardinal much more strongly devel-
oped and erect, suggesting the dentition oi Astarte ; a thickening
of the margin behind the posterior cardinal suggesting a third
cardinal (left valve) ; resilium obscure, but seemingl}^ above the
mid-cardinal ; with long, straight posterior channel and sharp
lateral margin (left valve); margin entire, like C. minor.
Type, etc. — I have only the one valve, type, from the St.
Maurice Eocene at Wautubbee, Miss.
Cuna monroensis Meyer, PI. 32, Figs. 22, 23.
Astarte monroensis l^leyer. Excerpt from "Senck'bg. , Naturf. Gesell.
Frankf. a. M. 1897, p. 10, pi. 2, fig. 6.
Meyer^s original description (translated). — Small, convex, inequi-
laterally triangular ; ventral margin strongly and regularly curved. Right
valve with two divergent cardinal teeth and one anterior lateral. The two
cardinals of the left valve are very unequal ; the one strong, triangular ; the
other very little, lamelliform, nearly horizontal. Muscular imprints oval.
Pallial line entire. Surface covered with strong concentric ribbing. Lun-
ule lancetlike. Inner margin feebly dentate. Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.,
Monroe Co.
We have nothing corresponding to Meyer's description and
95 St. Mauricp: and Claiborne Pelecypoda 95
figure. The difference in length of the anterior and posterior
sides is much greater than in parvus, its nearest relative. Again
the basal margin is remarkably rounding.
Micromeris minutissima Lea, PL 32. Figs. 24, 25.
Astarte minutissima Lea, Cont. to GeoL, 1833, p. 64, pL 2, fig. 39.
Micromeris minutissima Con., Smithson Misc. ColL, 1866, p. 5.
? Micromeris senex Meyer, BulL i, GeoL Surv. Ala., 1886, p. 81, pL 3,
fig. 22.
Crassatellites {Micromeris) iiiiuutissiiiia Dall, Trans. Wag., IIL 1903,
p. 1480.
Lea's original description. — Shell scaleniform, acntel}'- angular
above, rather compressed, oblique, ribbed longitudinally ; beaks elevated,
pointed ; lunule very large, cordate ; cardinal teeth small, the posterior
margin furnished with a long straight lateral one ; cicatrices scarcely visi-
ble ; margin largely crenate.
Diam Length i-2oth. Breadth i-2()th of an inch.
Type. — Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., No. 5231. Regarding this type I find
in my notes : "F.vidently the type of the right valve figured, though the
small figure given is too large and the large figure has too many ribs. This
has but twelve".
The .specimen in our collection figured herewith (pi. 33, figs.
24-25) is also comparatively few ribbed, likewise Mej^er's se^iex,
referred to above. Meyer gives a very poor figure of his speci-
man and describes it as follows: "Shell solid, anterior margin
straight, posterior margin curved ; surface, except the umbo,
covered with coarse, radiating ribs" . Claiborne bed "G". How-
ever this would appear to be from a basal Jackson bed.
Pleuromeris aldrichi, n. sp., PL 32. Figs. 26-29.
Specific characterizatio7i. — Shell very minute and rather ro-
tiuid as indicated by the figures ; substance of the shell not thick,
smooth and glossy within ; exteriorly showing 11 or 1 2 very well
defined strong ribs except on the apical region where there are
rather well defined concentric markings ; posterior, subligamen-
tal margin, as in some sections of the Veneridce with well-raised
flanges cutting across the concentric lines at an oblique angle ;
interiorly, showing position of ribs and verj^ faint muscular scars ;
lunule and escutcheon both somewhat pouting not far below the
apex ; ligament scarcely .showing above the margins of the .shell ;
96 Bui^i^ETiN 31 96
teeth — two cardinals in the left valve, one in the right, an anter-
ior lateral shallow socket in the right, a posterior in the left.
It appears that the large cardinal tooth in the right valve
does not fill all the space between the two of the left, especially
just beneath the apex, and we are inclined to believe a trace of a
resilium ma}^ be present.
Type, specime7is fig7(red, etc. — Paleont. Museum, Cornell
Univ. ; from the Claiborne sand beds, Claiborne, Ala.
Crassateliites trapaquarus Harris, PI. 33. Figs. 1-5.
Crassatella trapaquara Har. , Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895, p.
49, Pl- 2, fig. 3, a.
Harris' original description. — General form as figured, surface con-
centrically striate anteriorly, smooth posteriorly except a few, shallow con-
centric depressions marking periods of growth ; hinge teeth not so strong as
in texalta ; lunular margin concave ; basal margin of the valves but slight-
ly convex, crenulated within anteriorly and basally but not posteriorly.
This seems to be the direct descendant of halei — of the Sa-
bine but shows a much broader posterior rectilinear margin,
sharply defined concentric markings on the anterior and crenula-
tions about the margin as described above. The species halei is
somewhat intermediate between tiimidula and trapaquara. The
beaks for about ten millimeters are sharply and beautifully
grooved concentrically, but even here this marking fails com-
pletely behind the umbonal ridge. The erect, nearly central um-
bones of this species distinguish it at once from the oblique semi-
ovate antestriata.
Type. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ., from vSmithville, Tex.
Horizon. — St. Maurice.
Speci77iens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ., Tex. and
lyisbon.
Localities. — Smithville, 8 miles E. of Alto, Elm Cr., north-
ern boundary Murchison's headright, N. E. of Weache's, Hous-
ton Co., Texas; Moore's Iron Mine, "Marble Quarry" and Fill-
more 2 miles W. of Houghton, La. ; Chickasawhay River and
Graveyard Bridge near Enterprise, and Johnson's Place, Miss. ;
Lisbon and Coffeeville (compres.sed form), Ala. One specimen
97 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 97
from Lisbon shows concentric ribbing nearly o\er the whole
valve.
Crassatellites negreetensis, n. sp., PI. 33. Figs. 6-8.
Specific characteriztion. — Shell squarish, as figured ; when
young having very much the appearance of the young of alia,
but with concentric lirations less far apart ; becoming in half-
grown specimens, ver^^ much of the shape and appearance of the
rather uncommon variety of trapaqua?a that has strong concentric
lirations over the whole surface ; remaining squarish in form till
adult stage, not being contracted posteriorly as in irapaquara ;
concentric lirations generally covering the whole surface of the
shell, but occasionall}^ becoming more or less smooth basally
(see fig. 8).
This is a short form with strong concentric marking showing
as clearl}' on the post-umbonal slope as on the face of the shell.
Its ligamental margin, even in adult specimens, remains more or
less parallel to the basal margin. This is very different from
irapaquara as will be seen b}^ noting the sloping ligamental mar-
gin shown b}^ figures i and 3. Nevertheless as there is consider-
able variation to be seen in irapaquara in .specimens from Lisbon,
Ala., to Smithville, Tex., we predict negreeieiisis v\n\\ approach
closely to .some of these forms.
Types. — Deposited in Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Locality. — Sabine River, La. side, 200 yds. below the mouth
of Negreet Baj^ou. Veatch Coll.
Ca.sts in material from Eutaw Springs, S. C, indicate the
presence of a species verj^ closely akin to negreetensis.
Crassatellites texanus Heilprin, PI. 34- Fig- i-
Crassatella texana Heilp., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1890, p. 407,
pi. II, fig. 6,
Crassatella texana Har. , Idem, 1895, p. 50, pi. 2, fig. i.
Heilprin" s original description. — Shell irregularly rhomboidal ;
valves prominently angulated posteriorly, with the post-umbonal slope
broad and slightly concave ; umbones prominent, well incur\'ed ; hinge
98 Bulletin 31 98
powerful ; exterior surface ornamented with strong and closely set lines of
growth, which transverse the entire shell, becoming, however, less prom-
inent on the umbonal slope.
Length of the shell about an inch and a quarter, slightly exceeding
the height.
We have already remarked in the Academy's Proceedings :
"This is certainly very distinct from antestriata. Besides the
points of difference mentioned b}'^ Heilprin the following may be
noted : The umbonal ridge is much sharper in texana, and there
is a trace of a sinus just below it ; the posterior margin is not sub-
biangular as in antestriata, and the valves are less oblique."
'^Vrova trapaquara this species can be distinguished by its
surface markings, lower form, and the depression just below the
umbonal ridge."
Type. — Apparently lost.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimen Jigured. — Tex. State Museum (Univ.).
Localities. — Near McBee's schoolhouse, 2 miles E. of Alto,
Cherokee Co. and Berryman's land, all in Cherokee Co. ; Murch-
ison's Headright and Eively's Place, Houston Co., Tex. ; H.
Johnson's Place, Miss. Casts and imprints of what may be a
variety of this species are found at Eutaw Springs and Vance's
Ferry, S. C.
Crassatellites antestriatus Gabb, PI. 34. Figs. 2, 3.
Crassatclla antestriata Gabb, Jr. Phila. Acad., Nat. Sci. , vol. 4, i860,
p. 388, pi. 67, fig. 53.
Crassatella antestriata Har. , Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895, p.
49, pi. I, fig. 10, 10, a.
Gabb^s original description. — Subquadrate ; beaks very small ; um-
bonal slope^wide, umbonal ridge rounded ; anterior margin semicircular ; bas-
al regularly arcuate, posterior sub-biangular ; surface marked by numerous,
large, transverse folds, which commence at the anterior margin, but dis-
appear before reaching the middle of the shell, leaving the rest almost per-
fectly smooth, (this is not the result of attrition); interior margin very del-
icately crenate, anterior muscular impression semilunar, posterior subquad-
rate.
Dimensions. — Length .5 in., width .6 in.
As was noted in our Phila. Acad, article "Gabb's figure and
description were of a young specimen ; the figure herewith given
99 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 99
is of an adult. Compared with trapaqiiara, antestriata is much
more obHque, or inequilateral, the posterior extremit}' is sub-
biangular and crenate within, and the basal margin is more con-
\'ex. Externally antestriata is more strongly marked".
Type.—^oW. Phila. Acad. From Lee Co., Tex.
Horizon, — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimen figured. — Single}'' s collection, Lee Co., Tex.
Locality. — Elm Creek, between Evergreen and Orrell's cross-
ing, Lee Co. ; Alabama Bluff, Trinity River ; 5 miles \V. of
Crockett ; Hurricane Bayou ; Baptizing Creek, Cherokee Co.
Crassatellites rhomboideus Conrad, PI. 34. Fig. 4.
Crassatella rhonboidea Con., Am. Jr. Sci., vol. i, 1846, p. 396, pi. 3,
fig- 5-
Oblong, rhomboidal ; anterior margin obliquely subtruncated at base ;
posterior margin obliquely and widely truncated, the inferior extremity
rounded ; posterior dorsal margin not very' oblique ; basal margin slightly
curved.
Orangeburg, S. C.
Dall refers (Trans. Wag. Ill, p. 1469) to "C. rhomboideus
Conrad, 1865 fnot of d'Archiac, 1840J" as being an "ill-defined
or doubtful Eocene" form.
We do not understand why Dall gives this late date for Con-
rad's species but quite agree with him in considering it a doubt-
ful form. From its general shape we strongly suspect Conrad
had a Miocene cast in hand when describing this "species".
Crassatellites protexta stock
This long type of Crassatellites is particularly characteristic
of the upper half of the Eocene of the Gulf States. In the Vir-
ginia basin, during the Sabine age, the drawn-out alceformis t3'pe
with its beautifully undulating exterior flourished everjrwhere.
In the St. Maurice of the Gulf States the protextaASk& forms ap-
peared abundantly to the east of the Mississippi ; only rarely, so
far west as the Rio Grande. In the Claibornian at Claiborne it
appears to us that a representative of the most primitive form of
this stock is preserved. From some form like this it would seem
loo Bulletin 31 100
that the St. Maurice representatives were early derived. In the
Jackson we find, strangelj^ enough, as in the case of Venericardia
rotitnda, species or varieties, according to the taste of the investi-
gator, more nearly related to the St. Maurice than to the Clai-
borne representatives. Such being the case it would seem that
the whole protexta stock could well be referred to one and the
same species while a number of names could be used to designate
forms that have a somewhat important stratigraphic or geograph-
ic significance, — constantly bearing in mind, however, that these
forms occasionally imperceptibly intergrade. But for the pres-
ent, in order not to disturb the old nomenclature any more than
is absolutely necessary, we will treat oi 'Coo. protexta stock under
three "species", corresponding with the forms found in the St.
Maurice, Claiborne and Jackson stages respectively and then in-
dicate such varietal forms as seem worthy of consideration. The
general scheme of relationships may be represented thus :
Jackson f I e x 21 r u s
var. fiexurus, produdus, postclarkensis
Claiborne protextus
St. Maurice var. ludovicianus clarkensis ferrocarolinus
clarkensis
Crassatellites clarkensis Dall, PI- 34- Figs. 5-10.
C. clarkensis Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, pi. 36, fig. 20, 21, 24, 25.
C. clarkensis Dall, idem, 1903, p. 1470.
DaWs original description. — Shell solid, elongated, moderately thick,
inequilateral, the anterior end shorter, nearly equivalve ; anterior end
rounded, posterior end obliquely descending, pointed and siibrostrate, with
a marked carina from the umbo to the posterior angle ; lunule and escutch-
eon subequal, lanceolate impressed ; surface smooth except for incremental
rugae and microscopic radial striation ; nepionic shell small with about six
sharp, low, concentric ridges which cease abruptly in less than three milli-
meters from the apex ; hinge well developed ; scars of ligament and resil-
ium of moderate size; third right (posterior) cardinal nearly intact
and distinct ; anterior and basal margin sharply, finely crenate, the sub-
surface layer of the shell weathering out with distinct ribs corresponding to
crenations. Lon. 42.5, alt. 26.5, diam. 19.0 mm.
This resembles C. protextus^ from which it is easily separable by its
more pointed rostrum, sinuate below, and the very small space occupied b}'
lOi St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda ioi
the nepioiiic sculpture, which in C. protfxfus extends over a radius on the
disk of some eight or ten millimeters. The latter also has more conspicuous
radial striation and coarser crenulations.
Eocene of Wautubbee hills, Clark County, Mississippi, Burns; near
Saline Bayou, St. Maurice, Louisiana, Vaughan ; and at Claiborne, Ala-
bama, L. C. Johnson.
At the localities designated above by Dall one finds a great
variation in form, size and surface markings in this type of
Crassatcllitcs. The short, smooth forms with rather marked
carina and few umbonal undulations as indicated by Ball's fig-
ures may be called clarkensis, s. s. They are common at St.
Maurice, La. With these at St. Maurice and near Enterprise,
Miss., are similar forms with rather fine and extensively dis-
played concentric marking; these may receive the varietal name
of ludoviciauKS. Again, to the east in Alabama and especially' in
South Carolina the "nepionic concentric ridges" of clarkensis are
extended over considerable of the umbonal area as shown by pi.
34, fig. 7 and the "marked carina" maj^ become less obvious as
in fig. 9 of the same jilate. Here, too, the posterior ma3' or ma}"
not be "pointed". These long specimens, showing oftentimes
so much umbonal liration and giving almost a hint at a distant
relationship with alcsformis, may receive the varietal name of
ferrocarolin us.
Type of clarkensis. — U. S. Nat. Mus.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figtired. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Loclities. — Rio Grande, i mile above Starr-Zapata Co. line,
Tex. ; 3 miles S. E. of Negreet, St. Maurice, Chautauqua, Rob-
ertsville ; Cooper's well, Winnfield, La., looo ft. ; 2^^ miles
E. of Newton, Wautubbee, 8 miles W. of Enterprise, Miss. ;
Lisbon, base of bluff at Claiborne, Ala. ; 3 miles W. N. W. of
Orangeburg, S. C.
Crassatellites protextus Con., PI. 35. Figs. 1-5.
Crassatella protexta Con, Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1832, p. 22, pi. 8,
fig. 2.
Crassatella protexta de Greg., Mon Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 198,
I02 Bulletin 31 io«
pi. 24, figs. 31-37 ; pi. 25, figs. 2-1 1.
Conrad'' s original description. — Elongated ; umbonial slope angular
and obscurely plicated ; the posterior side produced, or rostrated with age,
and the extremity obliquel}' truncated ; beaks with concentric grooves ; in-
ner margin crenulated.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala. Middle Tertiary.
This fine shell though variable in outline, is distinguished by a length
in proportion to its height, unusual in the geims, it is abundant, and a single
valve measures 2)4 inches in length and i inch and 3 tenths in height.
Conrad gives a very good figure of an adult form of this
species in I S45 (Amer. Joi:r. Sci., vol. i, pi. ,2, labelled i by
mistake) and makes further descriptive remarks regarding the
3'oung on p. 396 of the same Journal, illustrating the same by
fig. 4, pi. 3. B}' mistake Conrad niuiibered a figure of alcefonnis
"2" on plate 3, which, according to the text, p. 403 should be
numbered "3". This slight error caused de Gregorio in his
famous Claiborne work to copy the figure and call it protexta (see
his pi. 25, fig. 12). Gregorio cites Conrad's work, giving the
page correctly, but gives the wrong year, i. e., 1833 instead of
1832. This oversight in dates probably caused him to wonder so
much why Lea did not cite the species at all though he (Greg-
orio) found it so abundantl3^
In the ver}^ earliest stage of growth this species shows a
more or less circular form, with concentric undulations corres-
ponding to those already described under clarkensis. But verj^
.soon these broader undulatians give place to strong concentric
lines that are usually carried over to one-third the distance from
beak to base. This is the ver}^ same tj^pe of ornamentation seen
on var. ludovicianus just referred to but less extensive. In well-
developed protexhis the ligamental margin appears slightly more
concave than in clarkensis, the posterior is broader and the slight
depression below the umbonal ridge is not so conspicuous, but
the swelling jtist below or anterior to this furrow is much more
pronounced in protextiis. The slight concavity of the ligamental
margin has a tendenc}^ to give the beak an opisthogj^rate aspect.
Although there is considerable range in the extent of concentric
ornamentation in this species in adult shells no clear-cut varieties
based on this feature seem to be difFerentiable. The general out-
103 Si'- Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 103
line of the shell varies greatly as will be seen by referring to the
above-mentioned plate and figures. Had we Claiborne fossil-
iferous outcrops ranging from Texas to the Carolinas it is quite
possible and even probable that this species would show vari-
ations in shape and markings quite equal to those displaj^ed by
the St. Maurice and Jackson species. Were this species older
than, instead of younger than the St. Maurice diversified spec-
imens it would be easy to see how the latter could be regarded as
simph' specialized forms, or derivatives from this, and how the
Jackson types are nothing but slightl}' modified St. Maurice
specimens. Here then we have the same peculiarity noted un-
der the rotunda stock of Venericardia, that often the St. Maur-
ice and Jackson forms seem very much more nearly related than
do the Claiborne and Jackson specimens. Flexiinis is a striking-
1}' strong striate Indovicianns with perhaps texanus affinities ;
produdus is directly derived from hidovidaniis, ■scadt. postdarkensis
is akin to darkensis, s. s. with less sinuosity along the post-basal
margin. From an ancestral form which seems to be carried
along in protextus, all these forms have descended.
Type.—Vh\\d.. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Horizon. — ^^Claiborne Eocene.
Spedmens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Claiborne .sand, Claiborne, Ala.
Crassateilites texaltus Harris, PI. 36. Fig. i - 3.
Crassatella texalta Har., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895, p. 49,
pi. 2, fig. 2.
Harris's original description. — General form as figured ; exterior
smooth about the umbones, but marked by lines of growth anteriorly and
sub-basally ; hinge and marginal creniilation as in C. alia Con.
This species is closely allied to C. alia, but is distinguished by its pro-
portionally longer form and its smooth umbones, the latter feature being
in marked contrast with the corrugations of C. attns.
This is a more angular form than alius (see pi. 36, figs, i
and 6) when adult, and lacks the coarse umbonal undulations. It
is intermediate between trapaquara and altus. It has not the ob-
liquity, or the posterior, rounded fullness of obliquatus (Mon.
U. S. G. S. IX, 1885, p. 235, pis. 29, 30). Again, unless Whit-
I04 Bulletin 31 104
field's drawings of the hinge are incorrect obliquatiis cannot be
referred to Crassate/lites.
It is quite probable the specimens that grow to such
great size in South Carolina (for example, at Carson's Creek)
measuring 140 x 150 mm. may belong to this species and not
to alius. Certainly the numerous casts along the Neuse River,
N. C. are much closer tcxaltus than to altus.
Type. — Texas State Univ.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimen figured. — The tj'pe.
Localities. — Hurricane Ba5^ou (Marster and Hodges' head-
right — the type form), Alabama Bluff, Trinit\' River ; 25^ miles
E. of Newton ; 4 miles W. of Enterprise ; Wautubbee, Miss. ; ?Eu-
taw Springs, S. C. Seventeen miles above Newbern on the
Neuse River, N. C.
Crassatellites aitus i^Dall PL 35. Fig. i. PI. 36. Figs. 4-6.
Crassatella alta Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form, 1832, p. 21, pi. 7.
Crassatella alta de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 197, pi. 26,
figs. I-IO.
Conrad's original description.— ^vihov^X, thick and ponderous, com-
pressed ; anterior margin obtusely rounded ; posterior margin broad and
slightly angular ; beaks with regular concentric grooves, and somewhat
angulated behind ; inner margin crenulated.
This is one of the finest great bivalves known from our
Tertiaries. At Claiborne, specimens measuring 100 mm in height
and 100 plus in width or length are not rare.
In considering the smoothness of the beaks of the St. Maur-
ice texaltus and the marked "concentric grooves" on the beaks
of the Claiborne alius, one may perhaps regard the whollj^ concen-
trically grooved willcoxi of the Wilmington (Jacksonian) as com-
pleting this type of ornamentation as shown in this stock.
Type. — Phila. Acad.
Horizon. — Claiborne Eocene.
Specimens figured . — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
I05 St. Maurice and Claibcuns Pklecypoda 105
Scintilla alabamiensis Cossman, PI. 37- Figs, i, 2.
S. alabaiiiii')!sis Cossmann, Notes Complem. 1893, p. 12, pi. i, figs.
15, 16.
Coss7nann's oris^inal description. — Testa minnta, fragilis, elliptica,
extus Isevigata ac depressa, intus subradiata ; uiiibone parum, prominulo,
baud incurvo, fere mediano ; dentibus anticis valvulae sinistrge obliquis et
divergentibus : fossula profunda : dente postico erecto, brevi ; cicatriculis
rotundis, niinutis, alte sitis.
Petite coquille mince, fragile, elliptique, presque equilatdrale, ayant
les extremites arrondies, le bord palleal peu courbe, les deux parties du
bord superieur ^galement declives de part et d'autre des crochets, qui sont
peu saillants, peu courbes, opposes et a peu pres tnedianes.
Surface exterieure lisse, deprimee ; surface interieure obscurement
rayonnee. Charniere composee sur la seule valve gauche que je possede,
de deux dents cardinales anterieures, obliques et divergentes, separees par
une fossette large et profondenient excavee de la dent laterale posterieure,
que est mince, courte bien posee sur le bord ou elle fait une saillie tres vis-
ible.
Impressions musculaires petites, arrondies, places assez haut.
Dimensions: longueur, 4 mill. ; hauteur, 9 mill.
Bien que je n'aie, jamais, recueilli qu'une seule valve un peu entamee de
cette rare espece, je n'hesite pas a la decrire, parce qu'elle pres^nte bien les
caracteres du genre Sciiifilla qui n'avait pas encore ete signale dans
I'Eocene d'Amerique et qu'elle est bien distincte des especes du bassin
Parisian, qui sont allongees ou plus convexes et dont le bord superieur est
davantage parallele an bord palleal.
Loc. — Claiborne, ma coll.
Sportelia gregorioi Cossman, PI. 37. Figs. 3, a, b.
S. gregorioi Qossm., Notes Complem. 1893, p. 11, pi. /, figs. 11-12.
CossiHaini's original description. — Testa depressa, oblonga, fere sequi-
lateralis, latere antico paululum longiore, umbone mediocriter prominulo ;
cardine bidentato ; nympha brevi ac laniinari ; cicatriculis musculorum
angustis et elongatis.
Coquille deprimee, assez petite, a peu pres lisse et seulement ornee
de stries, d'accroissement tres peu visibles ; forme presque equilaterale, cote
posterieur un peu puis court et phis elargi, avec une depression dorsale as-
sez profonde ; cote anterieur plus etroit et ovale ; crochets faiblement gon-
fles, mediocrement saillants, en arriere des quels le bord superieur est un
peu dilate ; bord palleal peu curviligne. Charniere composee, sur la valve
gauche, d'une dent cardinale anterieure assez saillante, oblique et reliee a
la lame cardinale qui est assez longue en avant, d'une dent m^diane, courte
et petite, fosse du cartilage retrecie par une echancrure de la lame cardinals
sous la pointe du crochet ; nymphe lamelleuse et tres courte ; impressions
musculaires etroites et allongees en form de massue.
Io6 BUI.I.ETIN 31 ig6
Dimensions : Rongeur, 7.6 mill. ; largeur, 5 mill.
Loc. — Claiborne, une seule valve*, ma coll.
Sportella alabamiensis Aid., PI. 37. Fig. 4.
Lepton f alabamiensis, Bull. Am. Pal., vol 2, 1897, p. 182, pi. 6, fig. 9.
Sportella alabamiensis Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 1140.
For description of this species, see Aldrich's article referred
to in the synonymy.
Hindsiella faba Meyer, PI. 37. Fig. 5.
H. faba Meyer, Bull, i, Geol. Surv. Ala., 1886, p. 82, pl. i, fig. 25.
Kelliafaba de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 211.
Hindsiella faba Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 1136.
Meyer's original description . — Shell convex ; sinus of the ventral
margin gently rounded; covered with regular lines of growth ; nmsclar im-
pressions ovatel}^ elongated ; an indistinct oblique tooth below the beak
[ right valve ) ,
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Allied to Hindsiella arcuata Lam., sp. of the Paris Basin.
Hindsiella (faba var. ?) donacia Dall, PI. 37. Fig. 6.
H. (faba var.?) donacia Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 1136, pl.
45, fig- 12.
Dallas original description. — Shell small, donaciform, with variable
outline, rather compressed, inequilateral, the posterior side shorter, anterior
dorsal margin sloping to the rounded anterior end, base slightly insinuated ;
posterior dorsal margin with a .shorter and steeper slope, the posterior end
of the shell subtruncate obliquely, the basal angle rather marked ; the
whole shell slightly twisted ; surface with concentric, somewhat irregular
.incremental lines and microscopic, partly obsolete radial strise; interior pol-
shed, hinge like that of H.faba but with the right cardinal more promi-
nent and stem-like, the left cardinal obsolete ; in some specimens the resil-
iary insertion was directly on the surface of the valve, in others (probably
more mature) there was a distinct thickening, especially about the margin
of the scar. Long. 2.2, alt. 1.7, diam. 0.6 mm.
This shell is probably distinct from H.faba. It is more triangular,
more inequilateral and more compressed. The sinuation of the base is
much less conspicuous, the cardinal tooth is longer, and the laminae pro-
portionately shorter than in H.faba. Several specimens with the valves in
*See Aldrich, Bull. Am. Pal., vol 2, 1897, pl. 6, fig. 4 for the opposite
valve. (Fig. 3, b of this report).
107 St, Maurice and Ci^aiborne PelEcypoda 107
the natural position indicate that there was a small external ligament in
addition to the large internal resilium.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala. (sand bed).
Erycina plicatuia Dall, PI. 37. Figs. 7, 8.
E. plicatuia Dall, Trans. Wag. ,111, 1900, p. 1143, pl. 44, figs. 7, 12.
DalPs original description. — Shell compressed, ovate, inequilateral,
the anterior side longer ; beaks low, pointed, somewhat prosocoelous ; sur-
face near the beaks faintly concentrically striate or smooth ; about half-way
to the margin from the umbo the sculpture grows stronger, consisting of
fine, low, rather sharp plications, not always continuous nor in exact har-
mony with the incremental lines; anterior dorsal margin depressed in front
of the beaks, nearly straight for a short distance, then rounding evenly to
the anterior end ; base arcuate, posterior end more bluntly rounded, with
the posterior dorsal margin arcuate and high, hinge plate narrow, channelled,
with a short, obscure anterior lamella, whose "hook" is represented by a
small pustular elevation ; posterior lamella long, arcuate, almost fused with
the margin but rising distalh' to a small elevation ; interior of the valve
smooth or with faint radial lines ; adductor scars narrow, long, extending
well down towards the base. I^on. 9.5, alt. 7, diam. 2.2 mm.
Two left valves of this well-marked species were found in the marl.
The other species described from this horizon are much smaller and more
inflated, and the young of E. plicatuia, judging by the incremental lines,
had a different outline from either of the others.
Eocene of the Claiborne sands at Claiborne, Ala.
Erycina whitfieltii Meyer, PI. 37. Fig. 9.
E. cvhitfieldi Meyer, Bull, i, Geol. Surv. Ala., 18S6, p. 82, pl. i,
fig. 29.
Meyer's original description. — Small ; substance of the shell thin,
porcellaneously shining ; oval ; convex ; insequilateral, the anterior side the
largest ; left valve with two obsolete pyramidal teeth on the anterior side,
and on the posterior side a compressed one, which is very small and dis-
tant from the beak; surface shining, smooth, except for very fine concen-
tric lines of growth ; margin entire.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
The nearest species in the Paris Basin seems to be Erycina obsoleta
Desh.
Bornia scintillata Dall, Pl. 37. Fig. 10.
B. sciu til lata Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 1149, pl. 49, fig. 10.
DalVs original description. — Shell small, subtrigonal, subequilateral,
polished, finely, sharply radially grooved, the grooving of the middle of
the disk finer and closer than that towards the ends ; the beaks moderately
Io8 BUI.LETIN 31 108
elevated, nearly smooth, the larval shell small, distinct ; hinge armature
feeble ; the left posterior lamina small, feeble, short; anteriorly the "hooks"
of the two anterior laminae distinct, simulating cardinals, the lateral portions
nearly obsolete ; the grooving of the exterior faintly visible interiorly to-
wards the anterior end but not crenulating the basal margin ; muscular im-
pressions narrow, feeble; basal margin entire. Ivong. 3.75, alt. 3.0, diam.
1.5 mm.
A single left valve of this very distinct species was obtained. From
B. prima Aldrich, it differs by being grooved, not plicated, in the absence
of the punctation which covers the surface in B. pn)na, and in the much
more profuse and finer sculpture.
Eocene of the Claiborne sands, Claiborne, Alabama ; Burns.
Bornia plectopygia Dall, PI. 37. Fig. 11.
B. plectopygia Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 1149, pi. 49, fig. 9.
DalV s origijial description. — Shell small, short, rounded ovate, pol-
ished, smooth to the eye, except for incremental lines and about three faint
radial plications on the posterior basal half ; beaks low, distinct ; hinge
armature feeble, the distal laminae obsolete, the hooks of the left anterior
laminae perceptible but not prominent ; anterior side short, rounded, pos-
terior side produced downward and backward, the margin indented by the
radial furrows, elsewhere entire ; scars obscure. Long. 4.5, alt. 4,0, diam.
2.0 mm.
A single left valve of this species was collected which though somewhat
imperfect cannot be confounded with either of the other species from this
horizon. There is a faint microscopic radial striation on the surface, a sul-
cus for the ligament, and a faint excavation for the resilium.
Eocene of the Claiborne sands, Ala. ; Burns.
Bornia dalli Cossman, PI. 37, Fig. 12, a.
Montacuta ctalti Cossm., Notes Compl., 1893, p. 12, pl. i, figs. 13-14.
Bornia dalli Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 1149.
Cossmann" s original description. — Testa minuta subtrigona, valde
inaequilateralis, antice duplo longior, postice truncata et subangulosa, mar-
gine palliali rectilineari, umbone, parvo, haud prominulo ; super-
fices externa striis fibrosis incrementi ornata, postice angulo decurrente no-
tata, in medio plana, antice obliquiter angulata ; cardine bidentato, fossula
mediana profunde emarginata ; cicatriculis bene impressis, anteriori longe
ac anguste producta.
I09 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 109
Jolie petite coquille, subtrigone, tres in^quilat^rale, peu convexe : cot^
ant^rieur dgal aux deux tiers de la longueur, plus retreci, ovale a son ex-
tremite ; cote posterieur bien plus court, dilate et un peu tronqu^ ; bord pal-
leal conipletement rectiligne ; crochets petits, a piene saillants et peu gon-
fles. Surface ext^rieure ornee de fines stries d'accroissement, fibreuses
et serrees ; la region mediane est absolunient plate, liniitee par deux an-
gles decurrents, dont Tun plus saillant correspond a la troncature anale,
I'autre plus faible encadre une depression oblique qui aboutit a I'extreniite
anterieure.
Charniere courte et petite, comportant, sur la valve droite, deux dents
minuscules entre lesquelles est une large fossette profond^ment dchancr^e
sousle crochet ; impressions musculaires biengravees, I'anterieure allongee,
etroite, I'autre plus courte et plus arrondie.
Dimensions : longeur, 3.5 mill. ; hauteur, 2.5 mill.
Cette interessante espece presente bien les caracteres du genre Mont-
«r7//«, par sa foime, sa charniere et ses impressions musculaires : elle est
moins plate etmoins mince que notre I\I. tenuissima.
Loc. Claiborne, une seule valve, ma coll.
Bornia isosceles, n. sp., PI. 37. Fig, 13, a.
B. prima Vaughan, Bull. Geol. Surv. Ga., No. 26, 1911. p. 240.
B. prima Cooke, U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap., 120-C, 1918, p. 51.
Specific characterization. — A direct descendant of B. prima
(these Bulletins, vol. 2, p. 181, pi. 6, fig. 3) from the upper
Sabine of Alabama ; having become almost an isosceles triangle
in outline with a base of 7 . 5 and an altitude of 5 mm ; anterior
and posterior somewhat more extensively and finely radiate than
prima, less so than in scintillata.
Type and specime7is figured. — U. S. Nat. Mtis.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Locality. — Sloan's Scarp, on McBean Creek, between Mc-
Bean Station and Savannah River, Ga.
Bornia perdita, n, sp., PI. 37. Fig. 14. a.
Specific characteriztion . — Shell small, elliptical-triangular as
figured ; thin ; anterior and posterior marked b)^ fine, bifurcating
radial plications, plications showing obscurely also centrally ;
concentric markings obsolescent ; internally showing traces of
Bulletin 31 no
exterior radii ; muscular markings rather faint.
This is more nearl}^ related to Ball's scintillata from the
Claiborne than Aldrich's/rzwa from the Sabine. It was with
some St. Maurice material marked "Sabine River ?", La. The
other species just mentioned from our Eocene are much wider
proportionally than this ; prima has much coarser plications,
while the "grooving" mentioned by Ball on scintillata is much
finer.
The figured specimen and type is deposited in the Paleont-
ological Museum, Cornell University.
Alveinus minutus Conrad, PI. 37. Fig. 15.
Alveiniis niinuta Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 138, pi. 10,
fig. 2.
Alveinus minutus M.&yer, Bull. Geol. Surv. Ala., No. i, 1886, p. 84,
pi. I, fig. 19.
Alveinus viinutus Dall, Trans. Wag., 1900, III, p. 1166-67.
Conrad's original description of Alveinus. — Equivalved, smooth ; an-
terior, posterior and ventral margins channelledwithin ; hinge of right valve
emarginate under the apex, and having one pyramidal tooth anteriorly ;
hinge of left valve with a pit under the apex, and two compressed diverg-
ing teeth anteriorly ; pallial line entire ?
Descr., minutus. — Suboval or suborbicular, ver}' inequilateral, con-
vex, smooth and shining ; margin rounded.
This is a minute shell, much enlarged in the figure, and common in
the small quantity of marl which accompanies the specimens. The family
to which it should be referred is undetermined. A microscopic channel
margins the valves within.
Meyer claims to have foumd this Jacksonian form in the
Claiborne sand and hence we have copied his figure and have
here included Conrad's original description, though our collec-
tions show no specimens below the Jackson horizon.
Montacuta claiborniana Dall, PI. 37. Fig. 16.
M . claiborniana Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 1171, pi. 45, fig. 21.
DalVs original descriptio7i. — Shell small, thin, polished, smooth.
Ill St. Maurice anij Claiborne Pelecypoda
nearly equilateral, very slightly arcuate, moderately inflated ; beaks low,
dorsal margin thin, evenly arcuate, passing distally into the rounded ends,
of which the anterior is shorter and less high; base slightly arcuated ; in the
left valve the posterior dorsal margin above the scar of the internal liga-
ment is somewhat reflected, the single minute cardinal is under the beak
with a slight fold extending forward. Long. 1.7, alt. 1.2, diam i.o mm.
A single small shell was obtained from Claiborne shell sand.
Though doubtless immature, it is described as being the only representative
of the genus in this horizon, JM. dalH Cossman being, under the present ar-
rangement, referred to Boniia.
Lucina dolabra Conrad, PI. 37- Figs. 17-21.
L. dolabra Con., Am. Jr. Sci., vol. 23, 1833, p. 343.
Astarte recurva Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 61, pi. 2, fig. 34.
Lucina recurva de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 202, pi. 27,
figs. 36-41.
Conrad's original description. — Shell elevated, with distant con-
centric imbricated and obscure radiating strise ; posterior margin profoundly
channelled, beaks prominent and curved forwards ; lunule impressed, cor-
date ; inner margin crenulated. Length, half an inch.
Locality. — Claiborne, Alab., London clay.
Type. — The half dozen or more specimens of this species in
the Conradian Collection in the«Phila. Academy are probably the
types Conrad used in describing the species.
Horizon and locality. — So far as our collections go this spe-
cies seems to be confined to the Claiborne sand bed at Claiborne,
Ala.
Lucina arnica de Gregorio, PI. 37- Figs. 22, 23.
L. arnica de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 204, pl. 28, figs. 1-2.
De Gregorio' s original description . — Testa parvula, solida, insequi-
latera, elliptica-suborbicularis antice et postice extus vix subangulata ; 1am-
ellis concentricis latis, subimbricatis ornata ; in valva dextra dente cardi-
nali potius notato ; dentibus lateralibus (antico et postico) notatis ; mar-
gine crenulato.
Cette espece est analogue par I'ornementation a V Egeria nana Lea.
EUe differe de la Z. Smithi Meyer par le defaut de lignes rayonnantes, et
112 BULI.ETIN 31 112
par les lanielles concentriques. Elle differe de la L. bisculpta Me}-er avec
laquelle elle a quelque d'analogie par le epaisseur de la coquille, les
lamelles regulieres etc. (Coll. tnon Cabinet.)
This we regard as some extraneous form that de Gregorio
had mixed with his Claiborne matter while working up his
"Monograph". Dall seemed inclined at first to regard it as syn-
onymous vjiihpomilia (seep. 1364, III, Trans. Wag.) and later
suggested its possible relationship to claibornciisis (see p. 1374,
op. cit. ) No such form has shown up in any of our Claiborne
collections.
Lucina hamatus Dall, PI. 37, Fig. 24.
Phakoides {Here) hamatus Dall, Trans. Wa6. Ill, 1903, p. 1364, pi.
50, fig. 9-
DalPs original description. — Shell small, plump, with small, high,
prosogyrate beaks ; dorsal areas strongl}' emphasized by an impressed sul-
cus on their ventral margins which terminates distally in an indentation of
the margin which, as it were, loops up the line of the profile ; surface sculp-
tured with incremental lines and regularly spaced, rather distant, slightly-
elevated and recurved concentric lamellse; lunule small, cordate, deep, over-
shadowed by the gyrate umbones ; escutcheon none ; anterior end of the
valve below the anterior dorsal area projecting, subangular ; hinge and ad-
ductor scars normal. Height 13.6, length 14.0, diam. 10. o mm.
Eocene of the lower bed at Claiborne Bluff, Ala. ; Lea.
Our various collections from the base of the Bluff have un-
fortunately brought to light nothing corresponding to this species.
The credit of its collection Dall gives to Lea, bitt, so far as we
are aware, none of lyca's fo,s,sils were from the basal (St. Maurice)
bed. It is within the range of mere possibility that this is a
pathologic specimen of L. claibor7ie7isis, a very common species
at this horizon and localit}', and with surface markings agreeing
well with the characters enumerated above.
Various stocks of small Lucinas.
In taking up the smaller Lucinas of the St. Maurice and
113 S'T- Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 113
Claiborne stages one notes at once the presence of the new, or
non-Sabine form, L. dolabra. It has practically no resemblance
to anything seen before in the American Eocene deposits.
One marvels at the scarci*:y of little Liicinas in the vast
stretches of St. Maurice deposits of the Gulf border states.
The generally lignitic conditions of the Claiborne stage,
however, bring back the bulk of the small Lucinas that had ap-
peared just at the close of the Sabine. For want of better names,
the three common stocks may be named the (i) ^w////?, (2) ul-
richi (Har. non Clark) and the (3) ozarkana. These are repre-
sented at or near the Sabine — St. Maurice division line in the Vir-
ginia basin by (i) li'hitei, (2) ithleri and (3) dartoni. No. i is
almost Corbis-\\\LQ, with well developed laterals, with small cor-
date lunule and well-defined cardinals ; No. 2 is less inflated,
more finely sculptured, with weaker dentition and longer lunule ;
No. 3 has its dentition reduced to cardinals, while between the
more distant concentric raised lines, the fine radiate lines are
conspicuous. No. 3 quickly passes into huge toothless forms in
the St. Maurice and dies out as the smaller subvexa in the Clai-
borne. Nos. I and 2 seem remarkably poorlj- represented in the
St. Maurice stage. We have a few specimens of No. i from the
Orangeburg District, S. C, and have seen an imperfect valve of
No. 2 from Texas. But in the Claiborne sand one finds such
specimens in abundance. The elliptical, miniature CorbisASk.^
smithi of the upper Sabine (pi. 38, figs. 2-4) becomes more ele-
vated, with more pronouncedl}^ differentiated surface sculpture,
passing on the one hand directly from pomilia to the elevated,
wav}' alveata, and on the other less directlj^ to the smoother
forms with more sharply defined dorsal areas, carinifera of Con-
rad. All these might well be referred to one species if one cared
to combine all that seem to show direct relationship. No. 2 of the
Sabine, is perhaps represented in the Claiborne by papyracea,
with its comparatively smooth surface, long lunule, weak denti-
tion, &c. But occasionall}^ startling resemblances occur between
some members of this line of descent and some members of the
po))iiHa branch. A form from Jackson, Miss., probabh* the
114 Bulletin 31 114
''curta'' of Conrad although the description and figure given by
Conrad of that species leave much to be desired, has a general
pomilia-smithi appearance but with longer lunule.
Lucina carinifera Conrad, PI. 37. Figs. 25-29.
L. carinifera Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., Nov. 1833, p. 40.
L. coriiuia L,ea, Cont. to Geol., Dec. 1833, p. 56, pi. i, fig. 29.
L. carinifera Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., vol. i, 1846, p. 402, pi. 4, fig. 15.
Conrad's original description. — Shell suborbicular, subequilateral
ventricose, with equidistant, acute, prominent concentric striae ; anterior
side with a profound fold, or obtuse elevation, and a cordate undulated de-
pression ; posterior side with a profound indented fold, emarginating the
base ; anterior end emarginate above the fold ; beaks prominent and in-
curved ; cardinal and lateral teeth distinct ; cavity capacious ; margin cren-
ulated.
We have given copies of both Conrad's and Lea's figures of
this species insomuch as both show specimens more acutely
pointed anteriorly than any in our collections. The more com-
mon appearance of this species is shown by figs. 27-29.
This seems to be a mere off-shoot from the pomilia stock de-
scribed below. The "dorsal areas" are not so sharply defined as
in hamatus as described by Dall, but are more distinct than in
pomilia.
Type. — The two specimens in the Conradian Collection at
the Phila. Academy are doubtless the types. They are from the
Claiborne sand bed.
Speci7nens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
We have not found this ' 'species' ' outside of the sand bed
at Claiborne.
Lucina pomilia var. smithi Meyer, PI. 38. Figs. 1-5.
Lucina smithi Meyer, Bull, i, Geol. Surv. Ala., 1886, p. 81, pi. i,
fig. 23.
Lucina pomilia Har., Bull. Am. Pal., '97, vol. 2, p. 70, pi. 20, figs.
3. a, b.
Vrdb&hXy ^axt smithi aud part r«r^a Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, p. 1358
and 1381.
115 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 115
For Conrad's description of /)c7;;/77/(?, see reference above cited.
Meyer's original description of siuithi. — Solid ; irregularly elliptical ;
subequilateral ; with cardinal and lateral teeth ; a small but deep lunule
inside of a large indistinct one; surface with irregular lines of growth, be-
coming more regular at the extremiiies ; they are crossed ;^by very indis-
tinct radiating lines, margin crenulate.
Locality- — Claiborne, Ala.
Amongst our various collections from Claiborne we fail to
find any specimens with quite the comparative breadth or decid-
edl}- elliptical form shown by Meyer's figure (herewith copied).
But at Woods Bluff such is the prevailing type in the pomilia-
like specimens. The concentric marking is there however more
regular than Meyer's description would impl}-. We have fully
illustrated the Woods Bluff form on pi. 38. Note the general
si/iit/ii shape, with strong concentric raised lines tending to bunch
up in great folds, but in no such marked degree as shown in^^-
niilia and alveata from the Claiborne sand. The depth of the
valves, the somewhat twisted appearance of the umbones and the
regular liration tend to give the Sabine forms of this species a
Corbis-X\ks. aspect. From the St. Maurice beds of Virginia, at
Newcastle we find a form of this variety as shown in pi. 38, fig.
5. And from about the same horizon 3 miles W. N. W. of
Orangeburg, S. C. the rather small specimens show comparativel}"
stronger lirations, with beaks located even more posteriorly than
in any specimens herewith figured.
Lucina pomilia Conrad, PI. 38. Figs. 6-1 1.
For description and synonymy, see references given above.
Ponilia Con. (or inipressa Lea), is the name applied to the
Claiborne form of this stock, occupying a median ground be-
tween the rather smooth, dorsally characteristic carinifera and
the high, billowy alveata. It is certainly represented by figs. 6-
10 and it may include fig. 11, according to some authors. As
already stated, we have never collected specimens so angularly
developed dorsally as represented by Conrad's drawing of carin-
ii6 BUI.I.ETIN 31 116
ifera or Lea's of cornuta. Our specimens of this general type
are represented by figs. 27-29 (pi. 37). Specimens of the high,
alveata Qon. or lunata Lea type (figs. 12-16) are exceedinglj^
abundant in the Claiborne sand at Claiborne. Hence there is no
trouble in finding an abundance of ' 'connecting links' ' between
this and the average j?!'^;«z7m.
Types. — The 4 specimens labelled /(3;;///m in the Conradian
Collection at the Phila. Academy are doubtless the type speci-
mens. The type of alveata is doubtless the rather high and nar-
row form labelled alveata, showing 7 primary concentric undula-
tions.
Horizon. — Claiborne Eocene.
Locality. — Practically all of our identifiable material coming
under pomilia and close related forms is from the Claiborne sand
at Claiborne. Hence the specimens figured are all from that lo-
cality.
Lucina papyracea Lea, Pi. 38. Figs. 17-21.
L. papyracea Lea, Cont. to GeoL, 1833, p. 58, pi. i, fig. 31.
f L. niodesta Con. Amer. Jour. Sci. , vol. i, 1846, p. 403, pi. 4, fig. 13.
Lea's original description. — Shell orbicular, lenticular, somewhat
inflated, concentrically and finely striated, slightly folded behind and sub-
emarginate ; substance of the shell thin ; lunula cordate ; beaks rather
pointed ; lateral teeth scarcely perceptible ; anterior cicatrix short ; lines
of growth indistinctly marked ; cavity of the shell rather shallow ; margin
crenulate.
Diam. 3-2oths, Length 7-2oths, Breadth 7-2oths of an inch.
Observations. — This species has a general resemblance to the impressa,
but differs in being rather less inflated and in being without the deep im-
pression before the beaks. The posterior fold of iuipressa is greater, and
the lateral teeth are much larger. In the present species the striae de-
crease in number on the posterior part and there become squamose.
Conrad's original description of niodesta runs thus :
Orbicular, ventricose, thin, with minute, approximate concentric
lines ; posterior side with an impressed submarginal fold ; posterior margin
truncated, direct ; ligament margin straight and oblique ; beaks promi-
nent, medial.
Dall and Cossmann seem inclined to refer modesta to what we
term the /t'wzy/a stock, whereas it seems to us that from Conrad's
117 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 117
description it belongs mw^^x papyracea. There is but one word
in Conrad's description out of harmony with this interpretation,
— the word ventricose. Otherwise Conrad's description fits
papyracea very much better than any form of the pomilia group.
The young of the latter are possessed of strong, not ' 'minute' '
concentric lines ; the ligamental margin is arched, not "straight
and oblique" &c., &c.
Lea's expression, "lunule cordate" is very happily modified
in his Observations when he says that the species is "without the
deep depression before the beaks' ' .
The extended lunular area, the somewhat shallow character
of the valves, their thinness, with fine exterior sculpturing not
decidedly inclined to billowy concentration serve to make this a
fairly distinct and well-defined species. It is doubtless of the
uhleri^- iilrich i stock .
Type. — There are no specimens in the Lea Collection at the
Phila. Academy corresponding exactly to Lea's figures. Perhaps
No. 5164 may be the specimen he figured for the left valve
though it is but 6-7ths the size of his figure.
Horizon. — Claiborne Eocene.
Spea'vie?is figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. ; Clai-
borne, Ala.
Lucina bisculpta Meyer, PI. 38. Figs. 22, 23.
L. bisculpta Mr., Bull, i, Ala. Geol. Surv., No. 2, 1886, p. 81, pi. i,
figs. 30. 30, a.
*In our Bulletin dealing with the Bivalves of the Sabine Stage (vol.
II, p. 263, pi. 20, figs. 6, 5, a, 6) we hesitatingly referred the Woods Bluff
form to Clark's uhleri (by a slip spelling the name ulrichi). Since that
date Clark has given much more satisfactory figures of his uhleri and we
have obtained specimens for direct comparison and now find the Alabama
and Virginia forms close, yet differing by the generally greater size of ul-
richi, its longer, more elliptical form, less elevated beaks and lack of a
most pronounced, long, oblique truncation posteriorly. Since ulrichi has
gotten into the literature we will retain it for the present for the Alabama
Sabine form of this stock.
ii8 Bulletin 31 118
Meyer'' s original description. — Thin ; convex ; oval ; anterior margin
truncated ; beak turned anteriorly ; lunule rather small ; impressed ; cor-
date ; hinge of the right valve with one cardinal and two obsolete distant
lateral teeth ; inner surface with radiating impressed lines, which crenulate
the margin ; outer surface with concentric elevated distinct lines ; except on
the umbo the}' are separated by rather large and regular distances. Local-
ity. — Claiborne, Ala.
The radiating lines of the inside correspond, at some places near the
margin, with indistinct rib-like elevations of the surface. By a mistake,
the figure of this species, on plate i, shows two teeth below the beak in-
stead of one.
We have copied Meyer's figures, but have found nothing in
our collections closel}' corresponding. Dall refers this to the
pomilia stock ; Cossmann questions whether or not it is a L^icina
at all. We would refer it to some variet}^ oi papyracea.
Lucina ozarkana Harris, PI. 38. Figs. 24-26.
? L. dartoni Clark, Bull. 141, U. S. Geol. Surv., p. 79, pi. 20, figs.
2, a-c.
L. ozarkana Har. These Bulletins, vol. 2, p. 204, pi. 20, figs. 7, a-b.
L. cotivexa Dall, parti >n, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1903, p. 1352.
For original description, see Bulletin referred to above.
In this species as found in the Sabine Eocene of Woods
Bluff and Ozark, there is little to indicate its possibilities in the
St. Maurice stage. In form of outline in interior characteristic
and often in size it resembles tdrichi very closely. But its denti-
tion is slightly weaker, it is more inflated, has more regular and
evenly spaced large, raised concentric lines, and above all shows
very striking radiate sculpturing between these lines, spreading
out laterally in almost Campto7iectes fashion. In the St. Maurice
beds it perhaps is best displayed at the base of the bluff at Clai-
borne. It here often shows a variation in diameter from 15 to
50 mm., a considerable variation as to gibbosity, with concen-
tric striation regularly and strongly defined.
It is possible that dartoni of the Virginia basin maj^ be a
small form of this species as Dall maintains, but from the fact
that the Virginia specimens are all small, though presumably of
119 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 119
St. Maurice horizon, with very different muscular impressions
(if we can trust the figures of Clark) different outline, different
or stronger dentition &c, we prefer to retain the Alabama de.sign-
ation for the Alabama specimens.
Types. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. From the Sabine
Eocene beds at Ozark, Ala.
Horizon. — Sabine and St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Base of Bluff, Claiborne ; Lisbon and Ozark, in
the St. Maurice Eocene. Woods Bluff and Ozark, in the Sabine
Eocene. Marble Quarry, Winn Parish, La. ; Vance's Ferry,
S. C. ; 2 miles S. of Meridian, Miss. (U. S. N. M.)
Loripes SUbvexa Conrad, PI. 39. Figs. I, (2, 3,4.)?
L. subvexa Con., Foss. Shells Tert. Form., 1832, p. 40.
L. subvexa Con., Am. Jr. Sci., vol. i, 1846, p. 403, pi. 4, fig. 14.
Cyclas subvexa Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 8.
Liicina {Loripes^ subvexa de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p.
207, pi. 29, fig. 14.
Lucina subc'exaDaW, parti}ii, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1903, p. 1352.
Conrad's original description. — Shell suborbicular ; ventricose ; with
fine concentric and minute obscure radiating lines, posterior side with an
obscure fold, anterior side elevated and subangulated above, hinge edentu-
lous ; anterior muscular impression not profoundly elongated ; cavity very
capacious ; surface punctate.
In 1846 Conrad adds in the description given in the American Journal
of Science : A rare species. I have but one valve, which is thin about the
basal margin, thicker above, with a rough unequal radio-punctate interior ;
the lunula small and impressed, and the hinge plate narrow and without
teeth.
There is a fragment of a specimen we would generally refer
to ''Loripes'' still in the Conradian Collection at the Phila.
Academy, about 25 mm. in diameter, that is probably Conrad's
t3-pe. It shows well the long anterior muscular scar, the punc-
tate or pitted character and the diagonal long interior impression
common to specimens of this genus.
So far as we are aware no one has found this shell in the
I20 BULIvETIN 31 120
Claiborne sand since the day of Conrad, but its occurrence in
varietal forms are well-known in the St. Maurice beds below.
Even the Sabine has representatives.
It is more globular in form than ozarkana and attains a
greater size, even 80 mm., or more in diameter. In certain
"Buhrstone" laj^ersin southern Alabama this is the most abund-
ant and conspicuous fossil observed. However, on account of its
occurrence nearly always in the form of casts it has not been col-
lected and brought into museums as frequently as its importance
demands.
Starting with a small, bullet-like variety (^sylvcerupis , n.
var.) at Woods Bluff as seen considerably enlarged on pi. 39,
figs. 3 and 5, the dentition like 'ozarkana seems here still further
weakened, 3^et there is a fairly sharp, compressed tooth in the
valve, under the beak ; in the right there is a remnant also of an
anterior lateral socket. The hinge line becomes very delicate, the
exterior marking is less regular and sharply defined than in
ozarkana but of the same general type. As the shell increases
in size in the St . Maurice beds it has the appearance shown by
figs. 2 and 4 of pi. 39, loses all traces of dentition, shows but
rarely the fine Camptonedes sculpture, but sometimes larger
radii as indicated in fig. 4, shows quite generally an anterior an-
gulation, as also indicated in fig. 4, becomes very large and con-
spicuous, 5'et the shell substance is perhaps never much over .5
mm. in thickness. The shell when preserved seems to be of a
dull, porcellaneous composition, lustreless as the ordinary Lor-
ipes of today.
It seems strange why this light, very abundant, prolific spe-
cies was not represented west of the Mississippi.
It is impossible to state at present whether the form here
placed under this species, from pre-Claibornian horizons, was
really the ancestor of Conrad's subvexa of the Claiborne ; or
whether the Conradian species was derived from the ozarkana
strain. The nomenclature of these forms is not definitelj- settled.
Dall regards ozarka7ia as simply the young of subvexa, but ad-
mits there is another larger species occurring in the St. Maurice
121 St, Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 121
stage.
Type.—Oi thesp., Phila. Acad. Of var. Mus. C. U.
Horizon. — Sabine- Claiborne inclusive.
Spemnens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Sabine, Woods Bluff, Ala. St. Maurice, Ham-
ilton Bluff, Ozark, Lisbon, Ala. ; Ft. Gaines, Ga. ; Eutaw
Springs?, S. C.
Lucina pandata Dall, PI. 39. Figs. 6, 7
L. pandata Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., vol. 23, 1833, p. 343.
L. comprcssa Lea, Cont. to GeoL, 1833, p. 55, pL i, fig. 27.
L. cornpressa de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 206, pi. 29,
fig-5-
Phacoides {Miltha) pandatus Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1903, p. 1374-
Conrad's original description. — Shell oval, compressed, obscurely
cancellated ; anterior side somewhat currugated ; beaks nearly central ;
teeth three in one valve ; anterior muscular impression profoundly elong-
ated ; lunule excavated, minute. Length one inch and one fourth.
Locality. — Claiborne, Alab., Londoti clay. This shell is allied to
Lucina niutabilis Lam.
This is the most abundant large Lucina of the Claiborne
Eocene. At Claiborne it is often thickened within, showing
muscular scars and pitting, deeply depressed. This thickening
is perhaps not so common in the St. Maurice beds. We have
found no specimens of this species west of the Mississippi but it
occurs fairly abundantly in form of casts on the Neuse River,
N. C.
Types. — The specimens in the Conradian Collection, Phila.
Acad.
Horizon. — St. Maurice and Claiborne Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Claiborne specimens in the Paleont.
Mus. Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Claiborne, Lisbon, Ala. Rock Landing, Neuse
River, N. C.
Lucina claibornensis Conrad, PI. 39, Figs. 8, 9.
Cyclas claibornensis Con. Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. x, 1865, p. 146.
122 BuivLETiN 31 123
Phacoides {Rliltha) daihornensis Dall, Trans. Wag. Ill, 1903, p.
1374, pl- 50, fig. 18.
Com-ad' s original description. — Suborbicular compressed, inequilat-
eral ; beaks small and acute ; disk with concentric, prominent, numerous
lamelliform strise ; ligament margin straight, oblique ; posterior end trun-
cated, or slightly emarginate ; ventral margin profoundly rounded.
Height i>^ inch. Length i^ inch.
Locality. — Claiborne, Alabama.
This shell occurs in the group at the base of Claiborne Bluff, belong-
ing to an older division of the Eocene than the Claiborne group above.
The cardinal teeth are prominent, and the pits profound.
Dall is mistaken in his explanation of pi. 50, fig. 18, where
he refers this species to the "Claiborne Sands". It is strictly a
St. Maurice form. The specimens herewith figured, from Lis-
bon, have less widely separated raised concentric ridges and the
cardinal margin is more curved than the specimens from the type
locality at the base of Claiborne Bluff. Conrad's type as well as
our specimens from that locality show clearly these differences.
7>/^.— Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specime7is fig2ired. — Paleont. Coll. Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Base of Claiborne Bluff, Ozark, Lisbon and
Hamilton Bluff, Ala. ; Ft. Gaines, Ga. ; just below City Point,
James River, Va.
Lucina rotunda Lea, PI. 40. Figs, i, 2.
L, symmetrica Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 40.
Cyclas symmetrica Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 9.
L. rotunda Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 56, pl. i, fig. 28.
L. rotunda de Greg., Mon. Faun. Foe. Ala., 1890, p. 205, pl. 29,
fig. 6-8.
L. symmetrica f Harris. These Bulletins, vol. 2, p. 263, pl. 14, fig. 4
Lea's original description. — Shell orbicular, compressed, equilateral
concentrically and finely striate, flattish over the umbones, folded before ;
substance of the shell thick, lunule small, lanceolate ; beaks very small,
pointed, recurved ; cardinal teeth indistinct ; cicatrices impressed, the an-
terior one rather long ; lines of growth numerous near the margin ; cavity
of the shell very shallow, having rather a large furrow across its centre ;
margin entire.
133 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 123
Diam. .6, Length i.i, Breadth i.i of an inch.
Observations. Single valves of two individuals only have come into
my possession. Its orbicular form and beautiful concentric striae distin-
guish this species. In these two specimens there are no marks of growth
except near to the margin, where, on one specimen there are four, on the
other seven. These cause a thickening of the margin.
We quite agree with de Gregorio and Dall that Conrad's de-
scription is too imperfect to be used in identifying this form. Had
he even mentioned the size of the shell it would have helped
wonderfully in its identification.
Types. — No. 5152 is the type of the left valve figured by
L,ea. The right valve used in figuring is missing.
Horizon. — Uppermost Sabine-Claiborne Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Museum Cornell Univ. from
Claiborne.
Localities. — Hatchetigbee Bluff, Claiborne, Ala.
Corbis claibornensis Dall, PI. 40. Figs. 3, 4.
C. lai)ieUosa Con., non. Lam. Foss. Sh. Tert. Form, 1833, p. 41, Har-
ris' Reprint, pi. 19, fig. 5.
C. laniellosa Con., Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. i, 1846, p. 401, pi. 4. fig. 16.
Gafrariinn liratuin Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 9.
C. claibornensis Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1903, p. 1393.
Conrad, though referring this form to lamellosa Lam. in
1833, gave a short description which runs as follows :
Elliptical, cancellate, with elevated, concentric, remote laminae ;
interstices with crowded, regular, transverse striae ; inner margin crenu-
lated.
In 1846 he still referred it to the Paris Basin species, re-
marking :
The extreme scarcity of this shell at Claiborne is remarkable, as it is
very abundant in the Paris Eocene. It varies little from the Paris speci-
mens, the principal difference being in the thicker and more approximate
ribs towards the base.
Conrad evidently concluded some time before 1865 that the
American and European forms were specifically distinct, for in
124 BUI,I,BTIN 31 124
that year he denominates his species G. /iratum. This as Dall
points out was practicall}^ preoccupied by d'Archiac's Lucina
{Corbis) lyrata, hence the name introduced by Dall.
Type. — The single specimen in the Conradian Coll. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Phila., may be taken for the type.
Horizon. — Claiborne Eocene.
Specimen figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Corbis undata Conrad, PI. 40. Fig. 5.
C. undata Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 41 ; pi. fig. 6, of Har-
ris' Reprint.
C. distans Con., Ibid., p. 41.
Gafrarium distans Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. i, 1S65, p. 8.
Corbis ujidata Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1903, p. 1392.
Conrad's original description. — Suboval, convex, with radiating
striae, and elevated concentric undulations on the i:mbo, and impressed
lines on the inferior portion of the valve, where the radiating lines are ob-
solete ; umbo rather ventricose ; beaks central, inner margin crenate.
Dall remarks, op cit. : Conrad described the adult (itndata) and
young {distans) shells as separate species in 1833 ; he united them under
the name undata in 1846 ; in 1865 having apparently forgotten his consoli-
dation, he united them a second time under distans. The first rectification
of course, must take precedence.
Perhaps Conrad's second rectification was due to the fact
that the name distans preceded ^indata on p. 41 where they were
both used. De Gregorio adopts distans as the correct name.
Types. — Specimens in the Conradian Coll., Phila. Acad.
Horizo7i. — Claiborne Eocene.
Specimeyis figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. from
Claiborne.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Sphaerella anteproducaa Harris, Pi. 40. Figs. 6-8.
SphcErelta ? anteproducta Har. , Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895,
p. 50, pi. 2, Fig. 4.
Dipt, turgida Dall, partim, (not Conrad), Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900,
p. 1x81.
135 ^1"- Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 12-
Ham's' original descriptio7i. — Size and general form as indicated by
the figure ; anterior somewhat produced, laterally compressed ; pofiterior
dorsal margin likewise somewhat compressed ; ventricose.
This species is much more ventricose than inflata Lea, from the
Claiborne, and scarcely as much so as turgida Con. from the Vicksburg
beds. The umbones are intermediate in size between inflata and turgida,
the size greater than either.
Dall combines turgida of the Vicksburg Oligocene beds with
bulla from the Jackson and anteprodnda from the St. Maurice
beds. Leaving aside the relationship of turgida and bulla for
future consideration, it may now be stated that the present wai-
ter, with the U. S. Museum material as used by Dall, plus large
collections from Texas and the Philadelphia Acadeni}^ material
under examination, saw^ a somewhat marked dissimilarity
between the Jackson btilla (fig. 9) and the St. Maurice antepro-
duda (figs. 6, 7, 8). The illustrations herewith given will as-
sist in showing such differences. Others might be given show-
ing a much wider range of variation. Our MS notes made at
the Academy (1892) with the Texas anteproduda and the Jack-
son (^/<//« in hand for comparison read : SphizreUa bulla Con.,
from "Enterprise, Miss." [i.e. Jacksonian] consists of two
very imperfect fragments. The anterior part is evidently less
pointed than in the Texas Sphcerella.
It has frequently seemed strange that these inflated Sphaerel-
las should be filled and sealed up so that the internal character-
istics are very difficult to determine. The interior is quite fre-
quently a cla}' iron-stone. Perhaps the mystery is solved to
some extent by the study of the dentition of a specimen found in
loose marl at St. Maurice. The dentition (see pi. 40, figs. 8 a,
b) consists — in the right valve — of an anterior cardinal, long,
sickle-shaped, curving well up into the beak of the opposite valve;
a posterior compound cardinal with one prong extending back-
wards at an angle of perhaps 45 degrees with the hinge margin
and with a second prong extensiveh' developed backwards into
an almost paddle-shaped extremity connected however below,
marginally by an extension, to the umbonal region of the shell.
This paddle-like portion of the tooth is twisted so that in viewing
126 Bulletin 31 126
the hinge from above, or laterall}', it is seen at an angle of per-
haps 45 degrees. In the left valve the representative of the us-
ually narrow little bifid tooth is two almost separate plates lean-
ing together above and passing well into the right valve. The
posterior tooth so over-locks the paddle-shaped process that it is
quite impossible to open the shell but slightly without fracturing
the teeth.
So far as we are aware this is the most vigoroush' developed
hinge dentition yet described under the genus Spha;rella. Con-
rad founded the genus on subvexa, a Miocene fossil from the James
River, Va.,- having onlj^ the left valve before him (Medial Tert.,
1S38, p. 18, pi. X, fig. 2). In 1871 his knowledge of the genus
had so increased that he described the dental conditions in the
right valv'e (Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 6, p. 200, pi. 11, fig. 9).
Summing up the general characteristics he says :
Hinge of right valve with three cardinal teeth, the two anterior teeth
small, entire ; posterior tooth rather elongated, parallel with the hinge
margin and slightly grooved.
The above diagnosis shows a wide difference in this genus to
Diplodonta or Felania, The muscular impressions are larger than
those of the allied genera and the posterior cicatrix is much near-
er the ventral margin. The posterior tooth described above may
be said to coalesce with the adjacent tooth at the base. The
left valve has one small direct cardinal tooth under the apex and an
elongated, compressed, very oblique tooth, with a pit between them. All
the species are subsphseroidal, and constitute a group of rounded bivalves
with a profounder cavity than exists in any other genus.
There is one species in the Miocene of Virginia, one in the Oligocene
atVicksburg, and the recent Z,«r/«(Z orbella, Gould, is a species of Sphcerella,
in which the muscular impressions are very large and unlike those in Dip-
lodonta.
Conrad doubtless knew in ' 7 1 that he had been mistaken in
1865 (Amer. Jr. Couch., vol. i, p. 9) in referring ?';{^a/a and
levis to this genus ; but why he should have omitted to mention
his bulla, p. 138, ibidem, no one now can tell.
Dall could not possibly have had in hand specimens from
which he could determine the hinge in the present species or he
never would have lumped it in with the DiplodontcB. (Trans.
Wag., Ill, p. 1179-82).
127 St. Maurice^^and Claiborne Pelecypoda 127
Specimens showing interior characteristics are very rare,
and we have found none showing in a satisfactory manner the
characteristics of the muscular scars. The more robust develop-
ment of the teeth in this species, as compared with the specimens
Conrad studied suggest the modifying of his generic description
so as to include the strong, sickle-shaped anterior in the right
valve and the decidedly bifid or twinned anterior cardinal in the
left valve. The long, posterior cardinals are remarkable in their
greatly developed, practically^ free, posterior extension and inter-
locking character. Conrad's Miocene "tyi:)e" form unfortunate-
l}' represents a decadent and senile strain of this virile genus.
This fact has doubtless led to such statements as : "It is evident,
therefore, that Sphcerella can be regarded at most as a section of
Diplodonta, closely allied to the typical form of that genus."
Again, regarding the species in question : "This remarkable
globular species is not a Sphcerella, but simply a turgid Diplo-
dontar (Trans. Wag., Ill, p. 1182).
This species is well distributed in Texas, but perhaps no
other locality can well compare for abundance and size and var-
iety of specimens with St. Maurice, La.
7)'/^.— Singley's Collection, Tex.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens fgjired. — Deposited in Paleont. Coll. Cornell
Univ., from St. Maurice, La.
Localities. — Texas : Cedar Creek, Wheelock League, Robert-
son Co., cutting on Tyler and S. E. R. R., 400 5^ds. S. of mile
post No. 23, Cherokee Co. ; Dr. Collard's farm. Sparks Head-
right, Brazos Co.; Elm Creek, Lee Co.; Smithville. La.:
St. Maurice, Natchitoches, Vivian, Marble Q'y, ? Cedar Bluff,
Sabine R. Miss. : McLeod's Mill, Suwanlovey Cr., Clark Co.
Diplotlonta ungulina, PL 4°. Figs. 10-14.
Astartc unglina Con., Am. Jr. Sci., vol. 23, 1833, p. 342.
Egeria rotunda Lea, Cont. to GeoL, 1833, p. 50, pi. r, fig. i7-
Diptodonta astartiformis Con., Jr. Phila. Ac. Nat. Sci., i860, vol. 4,
296.
Diptodonta dettoidea Con. Jr. Phila &c., vol. 4, p. 296.
128 Bulletin 31 128
Mysia asfartiforniis Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 147, pi.
II, fig. 15.
Mysia deltoidea Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. i, 1S65, p. 147, pi. 11,
fig. 10.
Diplodonta ungxdina Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 1181.
Conrad's original description. — Shell slightly elevated, or obovate, a
little convex, with fine concentric sulci, becoming obsolete with age ;
beaks inclining a little forward and the apex acute ; inner margin entire :
lunule none. Ivcngth half an inch. (Claiborne, Ala. )
Diplodonta uiaidboroensis Clark and Martin, Geol. Surv. Md., 1901,
Eocene, p. 173, pi. 36, fig. 4, ma}- be a variery of this species.
This is one of the most abundant fossils at Claiborne. It
varies considerabl}^ in thickness of the shell, outline and size.
Occasionally an almost di.scoid form is seen ; occasional speci-
mens twice the usual size are apt to be discoidal and rather thin.
Type. — ?
Horizon. — Claiborne and St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Claiborne and Lisbon, Ala.
Diplodonta nana Lea, PI. 40. Figs. 15, 16.
Egeria nana Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 55, pi. i, fig. 26.
E. ? nana Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. i, p. 5, 1865.
Diplodonta ungnlina de Gr&^., partiin., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890,
p. 208.
Felaniella nana Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 1181.
Lea''s original description. — Shell rotundo-oblique, compressed,
angular above, subequilateral, concentrically striate ; substance of the shell
rather thin ; beaks pointed, cicatrices imperceptible ; cavity of the shell
shallow — of the beak angular ; margin entire.
Diam. .1, Length 5-20, Breadth 5-2oths, of an inch.
Observations. — Closely resembles the I'otunda. It has, however,
somewhat larger concentric striae — is a much smaller shell and is more
oblique.
Dall refers this species to Felaniella, a subdivision of Diplo-
donta. The same he describes as follows : Shell like Diplodonta,
but heavy, compressed, externally smooth, with a conspicuous,
usually dark epidermis, and less equilateral valves.
We herewith figure some small specimens that would be re-
129 St, Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 129
f erred b}- most avithorities to naiia. But the concentric striation
is not coarser than in luigulhia, the shell substance is rather
thick and the muscular scars are well-defined. These latter fea-
tures differing from Lea's description show he must have had
samples of young U7io^ulina in hand while describing this species.
lu a few specimens, like those figured there is a certain obliquity
of the shell not generally showaa in young nngulina ; also
the strong, apparently adult bifid character of the pos-
terior cardinal in the right valve contrasts rather strongly
with the narrow, often simple representative in ungulina.
There is almost a scaly, knife-edge sharpness about the peri-
pher}' of the shell suggesting perhaps an epidermis as referred to
b}^ Dall under Felaniella. We have no specimens at all compar-
able with Lea's in size, 34^ inch in diameter !
Type. — Probably No. 5142, Lea Coll., Phila. Acad., but
there is considerable doubt in the matter as shown by Lea's de-
scription .
Horizon. — Claiborne Eocene.
Speci7nens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Diplodonta inflata Lea, PI. 40. Figs. 17-19.
Egeria inflata Lea, Cont. to GeoL, 1833, p. 50, pL i, fig. 18.
Lucina '\Sphcerella)lcevisvax. paruuiinflata de Greg., Mon Faun. Eoc.
Ala., 1890, p. 207, pi. 29, figs. 16-17.
Diplodonta sp. Harris. These Bulletins, vol. 2, p. 257, pi. 19, fig. 7.
D. inflata Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, 1182.
Lea'' s original description. — Shell subrotund, rather transverse,
inflated, subequilateral, very finely and concentrically striate, sub-
stance of the shell very thin ; beaks rather elevated ; posterior slope fur-
nished with an indistinct fold. Cicatrices scarcely perceptible ; cavity of
the shell much excavated, of the beaks deep and rounded, margin entire.
Diam. .2, Length 7-20, Breadth 7-2oths of an inch.
As Dall remarks this shell is never really much "inflated".
Hence Gregorio's variety.
This species has a more squarish form, is thinner and is far
more rare in the Claiborne sand than ungulina.
Type.—^o. 5088, Lea Coll., Phil. Acad.
130 BUI^LETIN 31 130
Horizo7i. — Sabine-Claiborne inclusive.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. ; Clai-
borne, Ala.
Localities. — Sabine : Woods Bluff.
St. Maurice : Winnfield Marble Quarry, La.
Claiborne : Claiborne, Ala.
Diplodonta corbiscula, n. sp., PI. 40. Figs. 20, 21, a
Specific characterization. — Form and size as indicated by the
figure and explanation ; anterior nearly 50 per cent longer than
posterior ; cardinal margin strongly developed with a very strong
bifid anterior cardinal tooth and a small posterior one ; ligamental
channel short, curving from beak to inner margin of shell not
far behind the small posterior cardinal ; muscular impressions
rather large and ill-defined ; interior rudely radiately striate ; ex-
terior smooth, save very fine concentric lining ; lunule wanting.
The cutting away of the shell margin just anterior to the
heavy bifid tooth in the left valve (the only one known) would
seem to indicate that there was a ver}^ strong anterior cardinal in
the right valve ; doubtless the bifid posterior was strongly de-
veloped as the pit is wide and deep in the left valve. Though
the shell is thick about the cardinal margin it is thin basally.
The margin of the valve tends to make lateral teeth. First,
as seen just before the bifid cardinal, a narrow fold on the mar-
gin winds out from under the beak and as it passes up over the
middle of the edge of the shell it is rather prominent and lateral-
tooth-like. Second, the margin of the shell just posterior to the
basal end of the ligament channel is somewhat tooth-like.
Type, etc. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ., from Claiborne
Eocene, Claiborne, Ala.
Chama monroensis, PI. 41. Figs, i, ?2-4.
C. nionroensis Aid., The Nautilus, vol. 26, Jan. 1903, p. 100, pi. 4,
fig. 15.
Aldrich's original descriptioji. — Shell of medium size, strongly ru-
gosely plicated, lamellar. Upper valve with 6-8 leaves turned up to nearly
131 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda
a vertical at their ventral edges, each leaf covered with radial raised lines
running in couples, tapper valve slightly convex, lower valve convex and
inequilateral.
Resembles somewhat C. corticosa Con., but is smaller and more pro-
fusely ornamented. One lower valve has twelve leaves or corrugations.
" Locality.— 1\x& Ostrea scllceformis bed, at White's Marl bed, Monroe
Co. , Alabama.
In our collection from Wautubbee, Hickory, and 8 miles W.
of Enterprise, Miss., and Orangeburg, S. C, made in 1898 there
are several valves of a Chama belonging presumably to Aldrlch's
species though what he calls the upper valve seems to us to be
the attached valve. He does not figure the "lower valve". We
simply know that it is convex and one valve "has 12 leaves or
corrugations' ' . In ours the upper valve is intensely foliate as
shown in the figure (fig. 3).
A specimen of a lesser valve of a species with beaks gyrating
in the opposite direction from the above is shown as fig. 4, from
between Orrell's Crossing and Evergreen Crossing of Elm Creek,
Lee Co., Tex.
Cardium harrisi Vaughan, PI. 4^. Figs. 5-7.
C harrisi Vaughan, Bull. U. S. G. S., 142, 1896, p. 37, pi. 4, figs, i, 2.
C. {Tropidocardium) harrisi Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 1092.
Vattghan's original description. — Shell large, ventricose umbones
very prominent, incurved, situated about half-way between the anterior and
posterior terminations of the shell. Anterior portion somewhat rostrate ;
anterior margin gradually rounded. Base gently curved. The posterior
almost straight, rounding to meet the basal margin. Nineteen broad ribs
anterior "to the umbonal slope.* Posterior to the umbonal slope the ribs do
not show on the cast. Length 74 mm. ; height (from basal margin to the
highest point of umbonal prominence), 70 mm., diameter, 56 mm.
The figure and description are made from an excellent internal
cast.
Specimens from Winn Parish show clearly that some of the ribs
on the post-umbonal slope are provided with huge saw-tooth-like
flat spines. Excellent material from the base of Claiborne bluff
*The large variety of this species which may be caW^di gainescnse has
33-36 ribs "anterior to the umbonal slope."
132 BULLBTIN 31 13a
shows that the interspaces usually have a medially depressed
radiating line, while the ribs show a slight tendency medially to
show projections. On the rib marking off the umbonal slope
the projections are huge saw teeth.
This shell seems to be the direct descendant of Aldrich's
hatchetigbeense of the upper Sabine of Ala.
73'/>^.— (Figs. 5, 6) Nat. Mus. Coll., Wash., D. C.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specime7is figured. — Paleont. Museum Cornell Univ. from
Lisbon, Ala.
Localities. — Mt. Lebanon ; near Homer ; L. P. Saunders'
place, S. 18, 22 N., 12 W. ; near Redland, S. 19, 23 N., 12 W. ;
Winn Parish (S. of Marble Q'y), La.
Walnut Bluff, Ouachita River, Ark.
Lisbon and base of Bluff, Claiborne.
Ft. Gaines, Ga.
Cardium (Trachycardium) claibornense Aid., PI. 41. Figs. 8, a, 9.
C. {Trachy.) claibornense A\d. These Bulletins, vol. 5, p. 3, pi. i,
fig. 4, lyii.
For Aldrich' s description, see page and vol. cited.
Type. — Aldrich Coll., Johns Hopkins Univ.
Horizon. — Claiborne Eocene.
Type figure herewith copied.
Localities. — De Sota, Miss. ; Claiborne, Ala.
Figure 9 is from a specimen in the Texas Survey materia 1
at Austin from Collier's Ferry, Burleson Co., Tex. It has very
much the general appearance of claiborjiense .
Cardium ouachitense, n. sp., PI. 42. Fig. i
Specific characterization. — Left valve — the only one known —
very large (100 x 80 x 40 mm.), rather long, with high, proso-
gyrate beak ; rotund throughout, not flattened medially as in
harrisi ; ribs strong, rather distant, seemingly rather acute and
narrower than interspaces.
133 ^T. Maurice and Claiborne Pelbcypoda 133
One instinctively thinks of C. magnum while looking upon
this specimen, but viagnu7n has many more ribs, is more oblique
and has less extended, less prosogyrate beaks.
Type. — Deposited in Paleont. Lab., C. U.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Locality. — Vicinity of Long Point, Y^ mile below Alabama
Landing, west side of the Ouachita River, La.
Protocardia gambrina Gabb, PI. 42. Figs. 2, 3.
".^ /'. diversa"' Gabb, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. , Phila. , 1861, p. 370.
P. gambrina Gabb, idem, p. 371.
P. harrisi Dall, at least in part, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 11 13.
Regarding this species Gabb remarks : "/*. diversa Coji. sp.
— A small specimen from Hou.ston Co. , Texas, from an Eocene
deposit presenting most of the characters of this species, but
differs in some few points. It has the form of the typical speci-
mens of P. diversa except that the buccal extremity is more reg-
ular, the basal margin is entire, and not sinuous as in adult
specimens of that species ; this may be however merely the ef-
fect of the difference in age. The anterior portion is marked by
obsolete cancellations, and the posterior radiations are somewhat
different. The ribs are broad and rounded, with small bars
placed at short interv^als connecting them, while in the young
state of P. diversa the ribs are linear with wide spaces and with-
out connecting bars. In that species, also, the radiating portion
of the surface blends into the adjoining surface by the ribs be-
coming obsolete, while in this specimen the same portion ends
abruptly, the ribs all being of the same size. It will be necessary
to examine more specimens to decide whether this is the young
of the above species or distinct. Should it prove so, I suggest
the name P. gambrina.''
Dall remarks regarding this form : "/*. gambrina Gabb,
from the Oligocene of Texas, is the young of P. diversa, as Gabb
suspected." (Trans. Wag. , III, p. 11 14.)
Dall seems to have overlooked the fact that this is an Eocene
134 Bulletin 31 134
fossil ; this confusion doubtless was brought about by Gabb's
comparing it with a Vicksburg form.
The .small, and presumablj^ often 3-oung, specimens of this
genus from the St, Maurice beds of the Gulf States are rather
hard to identify ; but judging by the form, without umbonal
ridge as in nicolleti and diver sa, and the indications of beading
along the sides of, rather than on the top of, the posterior ribs
as in nicolleti it is evident we are dealing here rather with the
well-defined form to which Dall has given the name harrisi
rather than with members of the nicolleti stock. But since Gabb's
name g-am drill a was given so long before Ball's the laws of no-
menclature demand that Gabb's shall be used for this form of
Protocardia. The name harrisi may perhaps be retained to de-
note the rather small, though adult, specimens found in the up-
per Sabine beds at Woods Bluff and elsewhere at about the same
horizon.
Type.—Kaa^. Nat. Sci. Phila.
Horizon. — Sabine-St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimen figured. — Alabama Bluff, Trinity River, Houston
Co., Tex.
St. Maurice localities. — Smithville. Bastrop Co. ; Alabama
Bluff, Houston Co. ; K. Jones' well, Hodge headright, Houston
Co., Texas. Hammett's Branch, La. Lisbon, Ala.
Protocardia sairivaiis, n. sp., PI. 42. Figs. 7-9.
Specific characterizatio?i. — General aspect as figured ; small
(i2x II x8 mm.); surface covered with very fine concentric
striae, and where slightly decorticated, with fine radii which be-
come gradually stronger as the umbonal angle is approached and
from there to the posterior margin become prominent.
The length of the shell (from anterior to posterior) is a lit-
tle greater than one might judge from the illustration, as this
dimension is somewhat shortened by the fact that the posterior
is turned slightly towards the observer. The posterior radii
seem to be imbricated by numerous strong growth lines.
7>/^.— Dep't Pal. Mus. C. U.
I3S St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 135
Horizon, specimen figured, locality. — St. Maurice, I^a. (At
the mouth of Saline Bayou.)
An imprint in ferruginous matter from Bayou Negreet
seems to be referable to this species.
Meiocardia carolinae Harris, PI. 42. Fig. 11.
I\I. Carolines. These Bulletins, No. 33, Mar., 1919, p. 14, pi. 2, figs.
5, 6.
For original description see the above reference.
Type. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Horizon.— St. Maurice and Jackson.
Specimen figured. — 17 miles above Newburn, Neuse River,
N. C.
The imprints of the exterior of specimens from this locality
show the liner markings and even the posterior radiating ridges
better than the Jackson types do.
A large cast is in our collections marked "Kinston, N. C."
Meretrix [sen.lat. of Fischer)
Per ova t a stock
This stock is well differentiated in the upper Sabine at
Woods Bluff, Ala., in a form heretofore referred to perovata or
S2dnmpressa {yNxXh a query), but which deserves to be given a
a designation of specific rank. ^^Q.sylvcertipis\i^\ow. The ma-
jority of the members of this stock were smooth and polished ex-
teriorly. Where concentric markings occur they are smooth-
topped undulations without sharply incised lines. The pallial
sinus is well defined, either deep U-shaped or sub-biangular. As
a rule the species are fiattish, but in the typical perovata of the
Claiborne sand become greatly developed umbonally.
Pa.ssing upward from the Woods Bluff horizon it may be
noted that the subimpressa of the Virginia Basin is more ellipti-
cal, thinner, and with a shallower pallial sinus, while the variety
lisbonensis at Lisbon, Ala., gradually broadens towards subvitrea
136 BUI.I.ETIN 31 13^
de Greg, though not equally thick. On the Neuse River, N. C.
the large neusensis with its incrassated interior, powerful hinge
and generally biangulate pallial sinus is extremely abundant in
the form of casts. The Claiborne brings forth the typical per-
ovata in great abundance. It shows a tendency fore and aft to
even, well-defined concentric corrugation and passes into variety
aldrichi. One off-shoot becomes decidedly corrugate and returns
to the primitive flattish state and has received the name mortoni.
In the Jackson the subvitrea form is known as annexa ; the ald-
richi, aspeai'lensis.
Meretrix sylvserupis, n. sp., PI. 43. Fig. i.
C. perovafa} Aid., Bull, i, Geol. Surv. Ala., 1S86, p. 53.
M. subimpressa var. Har. These Bulletins, vol. 2, 1897, p, 255, pi. 18,
figs. 6, 7.
The general characteristics of this form have already been
discussed. With a much greater amount of material containing
all stages of growth of subimpressa it is evident the two species
are quite distinct. Vi^xxres oi sjibimpressa (figs. 2 and 3), from
Pope's Creek, Md., are here introduced for comparison with this
Woods Bluff, Sabine, form. It is also clear that this merges,
through the St. Maurice var. lisbonensis into perovafa oi the Clai-
borne sands.
Types. — (The two specimens figured on pi. 18, vol. 2, of
these Bulletins ; in C. U. Mus.)
Horizon. — Sabine Eocene, upper beds.
Specimen figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Locality. — Woods Bluff, Ala.
Meretrix neusensis, n, sp., PI. 43. Figs. 4-7, 10.
Specific characterization. — General appearance as figured ;
nearly smooth centrally, somewhat undulate peripherally ; rather
longish, at some localities, with exceedinglj^ thick shell in the
umbonal regions but thin basally ; interior of the shell not ca-
pacious, not extending up into the beaks behind the cardinal
plate ; hinge heavy, broad.
137 St. Maurice and Claibokne Pelecypoda 137
This shell lias the appearance of having been filled np with
shell matter from within, leaving the muscular scars and pallial
sinus very deeply sunken in the shell mass. In casts of the in-
terior, these features appear ver}- prominent. The greatest depth
of the shell is at the anterior curve or angulation of the pallial
sinus. The complete filling of the umbonal region with shell
matter is somewhat unusual.
Variety lisbonensis (described wvi6.^x pcrovata) , if larger and
thicker would appear exceedingly close to this form. The out-
line of the shell is often verj' much like that of pearl eiisis. It is
difficult to say whether this species is more closel)^ related to lis-
bonensis or subimpressa. Some specimens could very well be re-
ferred to mutations of either. The pallial line is somewhat dis-
tant from the basal margin of the shell, reminding one of Crassi-
tellites ; this is especially true in the very much shortened vari-
eties of the species.
Casts of this species are exceedingly abundant in the coarse
silicious limestone about Newbern. Occasionally other species
are found. At first we are astonished at the great amount of
variation this species shows. But, s\\\\,perovata in the Claiborne
shows just as much. Rarely we find pseudomorph which a.s-
sists greatly in determining the exterior characteristics (fig. 7,
a). Though the shell matter is often very thick, the diameter
of the valves is never proportionally so great as in typical pero-
vata. In fact, this seems to be a less specialized form, an over-
grown lisbonensis.
Type. — Paleont. Mus. C. U.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Cornell Univ.
Localities. — In the "Trent formation" about Newbern, N.
C, especially at Rocky lyanding on the Neuse above Newbern,
Har. Coll.; 16-17 above Newbern, Neuse River, Exp'd .'98.
Meretrix perovata var. lisbonensis, n. var., PI. 43. Figs. 8-9.
Varietal characterization. — General features as figured, ap-
138 BuivI^ETlN 31 138
pearing in some elongate forms singularly like sylvcerupis, but
without the long anterior, and concave lunular margin of that
species, therefore approaching \\\ow\Xva(t subimpressa Con., but
with deeper valves and passing gradually through shorter forms
(fig. 10 and var. siibvitrea de Greg., fig. 11) into ty ^\q:?\ Per ovata .
7)'/t'.r.— Paleont. Mus. C. U.
Horizo7i. — St. Maurice and Claiborne Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus., Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Lisbon, base of Claiborne Bluff, Ala. ; 3 and 6
miles W. N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C.
Meretrix perovata Con., PI. 43. Figs. 11, 12 a, 13.
Cytherea perovata Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., Aug., 1833, p. 37,
Cytherea comis Lea, Cont. to Geol., Dec, 1833, p. 66, pi. 2, fig. 41.
Dione perovata Con., Jr. Amer. Conch., vol, i, 1865, p. 6.
Cytherea cequorea vars. comis and cotnifidiUa de Greg., Mon. F'aun.
Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 217, pi. 34, fig. I, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7,
Conrad's original description. — Shell cuneiform, ovate, convex, smooth
and polished, slightly sulcated on the inferior half of the valves ; posterior
side slightly compressed and cuneate ; umbo tumid, beaks almost anterior ;
two anterior cardinal teeth in the right valve, approximate and parallel ;
lunula cordate and defined by a simple impressed line. Length i^ inches.
Breadth i inch. Claiborne. Cab. Acad., N. S.
That this is an extremely variable species we are read}^ to ad-
mit, ranging from the tumid, typical forms with but the peri-
pheral beginnings of coarse liration, through more extensively
marked, somewhat less inflated specimens called var. aldrichi
(pi. 24, figs. I, 2) to the large flat nwrtoni ^A\.\\. its strong even
concentric lirations. In the Jackson the siibvitrea var. is repre-
sented by ayincxa Con. and the aldrichi var. by pearlensis Har.
But, that it is a variety of cBqiiorea we seriously question. Greg-
orio's <:<?;«mfl'z//« seems to include both, mortoni and our variety
aldrichi.
For a discus.sion of var. aldrichi Har., see these Bulletins,
vol. I. 1895, p. 48, pi. I, fig. I.
Type. — {Oi perovata, Phila. Acad., of var. aldrichi, Texas
139 ^'^^- Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 139
Univ. Mits., Austin).
Horizon. — Claiborne and St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. IMus. Cornell Univ.
Localities.— QX^ShorViQ and Lisbon, Ala. Shell Bluff, Ga.
These Georgia imprints and casts seem closely related to perovata
and neusensis.
Meretrix mortoni Con., PI- 43. Figs. 14, 15.
Cytherea mortoni Con., Jr. Phila. Ac. Nat. Sci., vol. 7, 1834, p. 150 ;
pi. 20, fig. I. Harris' Reprint Con. Foss. Sh. , &c.
Dione mortoni Q.oi\., Am. Jr. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 6.
Cytherea csqnorea van cominduta de Greg., partivi, Mon. Faun. Eoc.
Ala., 1890, p. 217, pi. 34, fig. 5.
C. crquorea Cossm., Notes Compl. &c. , 1S93, p. 10, var. jnortoni.
Conrad's original description. — Shell ovate, convex, with numer-
ous regular impressed lines ; lunule cordate, defined by an impressed line.
Length two inches, height one and a half inches.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Allied to C. ceqiiorea, nobis, [C. liydii Lea) but is a much larger spe-
cies, with more regular sulci. It is not uncommon at Claiborne, and I
could readily distinguish it from C. ccquorea in every stage of growth. I
give it the name of my friend. Dr. S. G. Morton, through whose kind as-
sistance I was enabled to visit the most remarkable tertiary deposits in the
southern states.
There is, to be sure, a somewhat superficial resemblance to
be noticed between this form and cBquorea, but it appears to us
that there is no close real relationship between the two ; in fact
they would seem to belong to two quite distinct stocks of the
genus. Mortoni is much larger, more elliptical in outline, less
cuneiform, thinner, and with a more arching ligamental margin
and much more perfect, or even, surface undulations. It is a
flattened-out /^;^z^a/« with the lines, shown peripherally in that
species, drawn over the whole surface.
Type. — Phila Acad. {Mortoni card contains also perovata
and P. var. aldrichi.)
Horizon. — Claiborne Eocene.
Specimens Jigured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
140 BUI.I.BTIN 31 140
Meretrix aequorea Con., PI. 44. Figs. 3-6.
Cytherea csquorea Con., Foss. Shells &c., Aug., 1833, p. 36, (See
Harris' Reprint, pi. 20, fig. 5.
C. hydii L,ea, Cont. to Geol., Dec, 1833, p. 66, pi. 2, fig. 42.
Dione (squorea Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 6.
C. cequorea de Greg., in part, Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 216.
Conrad's orighial description. — Shell subovate, inequilateral, com-
pressed, with regular, distinct concentric sulci ; lunule cordiform, two car-
dinal teeth in the right valve, parallel and approximate. Length 1%" in-
ches. Breadth \% inch.
Perhaps it is the variability of strength in the lirations that
characterizes this species most markedly. When young the lirse
may be more or less regular for a time and suggest a relation-
ship with viortoni, but the form of the shell is more ovate
and less elliptical. When seen from above (pi. 44, fig. 4) this
shell appears to have its sides more or less parallel for some dis-
tance.
This is by all odds the most abundant species of the genus
at Claiborne \perovata is moderatel}' abundant, but most of the
other forms are rare. We have found nothing in the St. Maur-
ice beds corresponding to this in the Gulf states.
Type. — Phila. Acad.
Horizon. — Claiborne Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Meretrix macbeani, n. sp., PI. 44. Figs. 8, ^.
Specific characterization. — Size and general appearance shown
by fig. 8 ; substance of the shell rather thick ; concentric lira-
tions well-defined and smooth ; neither escutcheon nor lunule
sharply defined ; pallial sinus V-shaped ; anterior lateral tooth
large and strong.
Dimensions of right valve : 21x12x5. 5 mui.
This is but distantly related to any other Cytheroid shell
known to the writer from the Eocene of America. In many re-
spects it approaches Pitaria, s. s. as defined b}^ Dall.
141 St, Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 141
The type specimen (an only one known) is from McBean
Creek, Burke Co., Ga., and is in the U. S. Nat. Mus. at Wash-
ington. D. C.
Nut tali stock
This common Cytheroid t3'pe of shell was well developed in-
to various specific forms in the Midway Eocene. But as the
material from that horizon is often not well preserved, the species
have not been well defined.
Though the umbonal regions of the representatives may
be smooth and shining, there is a tendenc)^ to develop corruga-
tions and incised lines basall}' and anteriorly. The pallial sinus
is V-shaped, though often more or less blunted.
A^uttalliopsis with several varieties occurs in the upper Sabine
of the Gulf states and is represented by ovata with var. Pyga &c
in the Virginia Basin.
The vastly extended St. Maurice stage brings out a number
of nuttaliA^k& forms ; in the Claiborne the}^ reach their maxi-
mum in size and differentiation wdiile in the Jackson some se-
ciirifonnis varieties become almost indistinguishable from mittal-
liopsis of the Sabine.
More specifically : While ovata in the Virginia basin gives
way to liciata, tents a.nd pyga, mittalliopsis seems to be followed
in the Gulf states by texacola and its relatives. A moderate-
sized shell of this species is shown on pi. 44 as fig. 12 ; and 12 a
shows a smaller specimen, in outline, viewed from above. Note
the broad development of the umbones and the extent of anterior
when compared with niittalliopsis. Auspicious surroundings
sometimes seem to have given rise to larger specimens in Texas
(fig.13) while less favored individuals show atavistic and special-
ized development (pi. 45, figs. I, 2, 3). The extreme poul-
soni type w^as already extant in the eastern St. Maurice stage,
likewise forerunners of nuttali ; but it was in the Claiborne
where these forms attained their most perfect development. Cor-
nell i seems to be a less inflated, more Dosinia-Viks. and larger
form of this same general stock. I have found it only at Clai-
142 Bulletin ,31 143
borne. One valve is in the U. S. Nat. Museum. The type and
the one herewith figured are at Cornell.
In the Jackson stage seairiformis typically is decidedly dis-
tinct from 7iuttali, but many are the forms of this species at
Montgomery, La., scarcely distinguishable from varieties of i*)?.!;-
acola and niittalliopsis.
Aequorea is by far the most abundant at Claiborne. It
may be distantly related to the perovata stock. Percrassa, though
thick umbonally, probably belongs with trigoniata.
Meretrix texaco'a Hams, PI. 44, Figs. 13-15.
PI. 45, Figs. 1-3,
M. texacola Har., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895, p. 50, pi. 2, fig. 5
Harris's original description. — Size and general form as indicated by
the figures ; surface generally smooth about the umbones, but often more
or less corrugated concentricallj' towards the base, especially posteriorly ;
lunule in the larger specimens very indistinct, in the smaller forms bor-
dered by a well incised line.
The surface markings somewhat resemble those of C. niittalMopsis
Heilp. , but the anterior and posterior are too pointed, the shell in general
too inflated,- and the umbonal angle too great for that species. The larger
specimens resemble 31. calif ornica Con.
Occasional specimens of medium size, referable to this spe-
cies, seem to practically connect such nearly related forms as
niittalliopsis, Jiuttali, and varieties of securiformis ; hence, in a
sense, most of these designations might be regarded as varietal.
In Texas, we formerly designated the smaller, longer forms (pi.
45, figs. 2, 3), as var. tornadonis. Another Texan form simu-
lating in type of exterior marking the mortoni of Conrad is
shown by fig. i. It seems however to be simply a sport from
the texacola stock.
Type. — Texas Museum.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — PI. 44, figs. 13, 14, Tex. Mus. Fig. 12,
Lisbon, Ala., C. U. Pal. Mus. PI. 45, figs. 1-3, Texas State
Mus.
Localities. — Texas : Rio Grande at Webb-Zapata county
line ; Smithville, Bastrop Co. ; 2 miles E, of Alto, Cherokee ;
143 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 143
Mosley's Ferr)^ Brazos Co. ; Cedar Cr., Robert.son Co. ; Alum
Bluff, Trinity River ; Hurricane Bayou, Houston Co. ; Collier's
Ferr}', Brazos River, Burleson Co.
Louisiana : Three miles S. E. of Negreet ; Simpkins' Place;
Clear Lake ; Marble Quarr3^
Mississippi : Wautubbee.
Alabama : Hamilton Bluff, Lisbon, base of Claiborne.
South Carolina : Center Hill.
North Carolina : Rocky Landing, Neuse River. Var. nut-
tali^ 16-17 utiles above Newbern, Neuse River, Exp'd. '98.
Meretrix nutlali Conrad, PI. 45, Figs. 4, (5-8vars. )
Cytherea Nuttali Con. Jr. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.,-vol. 6, 1834 p. 149.
Dione nuttali Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 6.
Conrad's original description. — Shell subcordate, ventricose, with
crowded, elevated acute concentric lines on the inferior portion, obsolete
above ; beaks prominent ; lunule cordate, merely defined by an obscure im-
pressed line ; cavity of the umbo capacious.
Locality. — Claiborne, Alabama.
This species resembles C. PoulsoJii, nobis, {C.globosa Lea) but differs
in its striae and in the beaks which are not so greatly curved forwards. It
is smaller than the Poulsoni.
PI. 19, fig. I of Harris' Reprint of Conrad's Fossil Shells
was doubtless taken from the type specimen of nuttali novj in the
Phila. Acad, collection, though that is a right valve while Conrad's
illustration represents both, especially the left. The specimen as
illustrated is somewhat emarginate or truncate antero-basallj",
while our specimens are more regularly ovate, with more pointed
pasterior. The lunule is exceedingly indistinctly marked off
from the main surface of the valve in this species. Several of
our specimens are much larger (50-65 mm.) than Conrad's type,
(43 mm.) in fact his specimen was dwarfish and somewhat pe-
culiar. The sharply incised concentric lines, especially basally
are very noticeable in this species.
Type.—Vh\\2i. Acad.
Horizon. — Claiborne and St. Maurice (var. forms).
Specimens figured. — Claiborne ; in C. U. Museum.
144 Bulletin 31 I44
Localities. — Claiborne, Ala, Neuse River, N. C. ?
Meretrix cornelli Harris, PI. 46, Figs. 1-2
M. cornelli Harris. These Bulletins, vol. i, 1895, p. 49, pi. i, fig. 5.
For original characterization , see the Bulletin referred to
abc . c. Oi mis large and almost Dosinia-\\k.Q: species three spec-
imens arc known to the writer, one in the U. S. Nat. Museum,
collected by L. C. Johnson, and two now at Cornell, including the
t3'pe, collected by Harris.
All specimens are from the Claiborne "sand."
Meretrix pouisoni Conrad, PI. 46, Figs. 3-5
Cytherea potilsoni Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., Aug., 1833, p. 36.
Dione pouisoni Q.oxi., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. i, 1865. p. 6.
Cylherea pouisoni 6.& Greg., Mon. Faiin. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 216, pi.
34, figs. 11-13.
Conrad's original description. — Shell ventricose, cordate, with fine
concentric striae ; beaks prominent, curved towards the lunule, which is
heart-shaped : cavity of the beaks very deep. Diameter about two inches,
the length and breadth being nearl}- equal.
The beaks are not unlike those of Isocardia, and the shell resembles
C. .Sayana, [nobis) but the latter wants the concentric striae. I dedicate this
shell to my kind friend, Mr. Charles A. Poulson. Locality. — Claiborne,
Ala.
This species represents the limiting form of the nuttali stock
so far as deepening and shortening up of the valves is concerned .
7)7^^.— Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Horizo7i. — Claiborne Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Claiborne, Ala. Certain deep valves from the
calcareous sandstones about Newbern, N. C. and Shell Bluff,
Ga,. seem to belong to species close Xo pouisoni.
Meretrix ? vespertina Conrad, Pi. 46. Fig. 6.
Venus vespertina Con., U. S. Mex. Bdy. Surv. Rep., 1857, pt. 2, p.
162, pi, 19, figs. 5, 5 a.
Conrad's original description. — Subtriangular, inequilateral, convex ;
145 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 145
length and height equal ; buccal end acutely rounded ; anal end more ob-
tuse ; summit prominent.
A small Eocene species, with the external surface somewhat worn. It
appears to have had concentric lines.
Locality. — Western Texas.
Nothing in our collection has thus far appeared which
could be referred to this small species. Conrad omits it in his
Catalogue of Eocene Testacea etc., and Heilprin has overlooked
it in his "Eocene Mollusca of the State of Texas". The type
specimen, which should be in the collection of the U. S. Nat.
Mus., is mislaid or lost. The figure herewith given is after
Conrad.
Trigoniata stock
From the Midway ripleyana up through the Jackson stage
there have appeared representatives of this stock, showing pretty
generally a tendencj^ toward a triangular outline, fine and sharp-
1}' incised grovvth-lines and a long and comparatively narrow
lunule (though the specimens are sometimes very much inflated.)
Perhaps the most characteristic feature of this stock is the
tendency to show indications of radiate markings and marginal
crenulation. The former are often indistinctly shown on the
anterior portion of typical trigoniata from Claiborne, while sug-
gestions of marginal crenulation along the anterior basal margin
are not rare. These features seem to be rather characteristic of
the thicker, perhaps diseased forms.
Hatchetigbeensis is unusually circular in outline and the
growth-lines tend to concentration, or marginal corrugations.
In the St. Maurice beds there are various close approaches
toward typical trigoniata. The bastropensis of our old MS Texas
report is somewhat more circular. While in winnensis the out-
line is roughly triangular, the surface seems usually to .show
signs of radiating threads, fine marginal crenulations and less
even sculpturing concentrically. A variety of this, in which no
radii have been seen is excessively globose with microscopic con-
centric lines on the umbones but with wave-like undulations be-
146 BUI.LET1N 31 146
low. It is moreover less triangular than t3^pical zc'inue/iszs. In
the Conradian collection at the Phila. Academy there are two
irigoniata-lxkQ specimens, very thick, wdth peripheral rugosities,
which are probably the ones figured in Harris' Reprint of Con-
rad's work, pi. 20, fig. 6 and labelled "sndrrassa Lea". These
appear to be the true "discoida//s'' of Conrad.
T5'pical trigoniata is not very common in the Claiborne
sand, but in certain Jacksonian beds in Arkansas is rather abund-
ant, generally the onh^ member of the genus present.
Meretrix trigoniata Lea, PI. 47, Figs. 1-3.
Cytherea trigoniata Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 67, pi. 2, fig. 44.
Dione discoidalis Con., Am. Jr. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 6 (not C. dis-
coidalis Con. Foss. Sh. &c. )
Cytherea trigoniata de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 218, pi.
34, figs. 15-22.
Lea's original description. — Shell somewhat inflated, triangular,
concentrically and minutely striate, substance of the shell rather thick ;
beaks moderately elevated and recurved ; lunule long, elliptical ; teeth
moderately large, excavation of the palleal impression deep and rounded ;
cavity of the shell deep, subangular ; margin entire.
Diam. .6, Length .9, Breadth i.i, of an inch.
In outline the trigoniata resembles closely the siibcrassa. It is, how-
ever, less thick in the substance of the shell, has much finer striae, and is
entirely without crenulations on the margin.
We strongly suspect that Conrad's name discoidalis has be-
come attached to this species because of his and others' state-
ments making the tw^o synonymous. Lea's figure is what has
been at the bottom of the determination of the species.
Conrad's description of discoidalis does not tall)' well with
this form. (See Foss. Shells Tert. Form., Aug. 1833. p. 37).
Such expressions as "suborbicular" , "Inner margin crenulated;
lunule cordate, not very distinct. Diameter i inch." and the
name itself, disc-like : seem to suggest quite a different form. In
fact fig. 6 of the proof plate 20, incorporated by Harris in his re-
print of Conrad's Fossil Shells seems to represent Conrad's dis-
coidalis. Figure 2 styled discoidalis should accordingly be la-
belled trigoniata Lea.
147 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 147
De Gregorio pointed out the impropriety of using the name
disco/dah's ior this shell and the lack of agreement of Conrad's
descri])tion with the trigoniata of Lea.
This is a middle Eocene species becoming most characteris-
tically developed in the Jackson beds of Arkansas.
St. Maurice and Claiborne localities. — Claiborne Bluff, the
"sand bed" and the St. Maurice claj-s at the base of the bluff ;
Hamilton Bluff, Ala. ; Ft. Gaines, Ga. ; 5 miles N. of Orange-
burg, S. C.
Meretrix trigoniata var. winnensis, n. var., PI. 46, Figs. 9-13 •
Varietal differentiation.— OenQr3.l form somewhat trigonal
and very inflated, as shown by the figures ; surface with concen-
tric lines and undulations, stronger near the anterior and basal
margins, and with exceedingly fine concentric striae superim-
posed ; apparently when slightly eroded, showing radii crossing
the lines of growth at right angles, hence turning upwards pos-
teriorly {Cai77ptonectes-l\ke) recalling in this region the markings
on some species of Circe ; as in trigoniata, a trace of an obsolete
channel radiating from beak to base just anterior to the umbonal
ridge ; lunule as broad, but shorter than in trigoniata ; anterior
tooth comparatively longer but less pronounced than in trigoni-
ata, pallial sinus not deep, pointed ; lines of growth not so even,
regular and deeply incised as in trigoniata ; substance of the
shell thinner, margin often crenulate ; some forms as in figs. 11,
12 and 13 exceedingly inflated, reminding one of Sphcerella.
In the most inflated forms there is not a trace of radii nor
of marginal crenulation but we are inclined to regard this as a
minor variation from the typical forms.
The outline of this variety is much more triangular than
that of hatchitigbeensis, the shell is much thinner and the teeth
are different. The globose form, shorter lunule and exterior
markings serve to differentiate it from trigoniata, s. s.
The specimens we have, though numerous, are all in the
form of casts and impres.sions in a red, fine-grained, hard, sandy
148 Bulletin 31 148
matrix, derived evidently from weathering of glanconitic, sand}^
clays. The exact locality in Winn Parish, Ivouisiana, from
which the material was obtained is not given but it appears to be
exactly the same as we have collected along the St. Maurice road
leading past the "Marble Quarry" west of Winnfield. Speci-
mens deposited by Harris in the Pal. Museum, Cornell Univer-
sity.
Meretrix trigoniata var. bastropensis, nov. var., PI. 47, Figs. 4-6
Cytherea nuttali Con., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Sur\'., Geol. and Paleont-
1857, p. 162, pi. 4, fig. 5.
? Caryatis exigua Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol, 6, 1871, p. 201, pi. 11,
fig- 3-
Cytherea discoidalis Heilp, , Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. , 1890,
p. 402.
Cytherea tiuttattii Heilp., ibid.
? Mysia ungulina Heilp., ibid.
Specific characterization. — General form as figured : possess-
ing two aspects according to the kind of matrix in which it is
preserved: ist, when preserved in clay or ferruginous sand. —
Substance of shell thin ; small ; external surface with beautiful,
evenly sculptured concentric strise ; lunule large, long, defined
by a very faintl}^ impressed line ; somewhat resembling trigon-
iata Lea, though too circular in outline (fig. 4). 2d, when pre-
served in firm calcareous sandstone. — Shell comparatively larger,
thicker, with less plainly marked concentric strise on the um-
bones and much coarser lines or rugae near the anterior, basal
and posterior margins (fig. 6). This form is very similar to
that described by Conrad as Dosinia alta, from Canj^ada de las
Uvas, California. The figure he gives is exceedingly^ poor and
misleading. The type specimen, or that marked as such and
broken in the manner illustrated, is in the collection of the U. S.
National Museum.
This species is generally characterized by the broad, circular
form of its posterior margin. The form together with the char-
acter of the concentric strise or rugse on the larger specimens
found along the Rio Grande will serve to differentiate it from
trigoniata or nuttali. In the last mentioned species the ru-
149 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 149
gse are sharp or lamellar, while in bastropensis they are rounded,
or sem'icylindrical. The pallial sinus deeper than in trigoniata.
Type specimens. — PI. 47, fig. 4, Mus. No. 407, Sta. 37; fig. 6,
No. 1721, Sta. II. Texas State Museum. Now at the Univ.
of Texas.
Geological horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Localities of form No. i. — Devil's Eye, Colorado River, Bas-
trop Co. ; Smithville, Bastrop Co. ; Mosley's Ferry, Brazos R.,
Burl. Co. ; Brazos R., 500 3'ards below the mouth of Little Bra-
zos R., Brazos Co. ; Cedar Cr., S. E. corner of Wheelock
league, Robertson Co. ; Campbell Cr., Gifford headright, Rob-
ertson Co. ; Orrell's Crossing, Elm Cr., Lee Co.
Localities of form No. 2. — Rio Grande, six miles above Starr-
Zapata Co. line ; Rio Grande, Mexican side, one mile above the
Starr-Zapata Co. line ; Rio Grande, 15 miles below Carrizo ; Rio
Grande, 6 miles below Carrizo ; Dr. Williams' quarry, on Rob-
ert Stephenson's headright, Brazos Co. ; Hammett's Branch,
Louisiana.
Meretrix subcrassa Lea, PI. 46, Fig. 7
Cytherea subcrassa h^a, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 67, pi. 2, fig. 43.
Lea's original description. — Shell somewhat inflated subtriangular,
concentrically striate, thick about the region of the hinge ; substance of the
shell thick : beaks thick and elevated ; lunule cordate, indistinct ; teeth
rather elevated and compressed ; excavation of the pallial impression rather
small and roundish ; cavity of the shell deep and rounded ; margin crenu-
late.
Diam Length i.i. Breadth 1.2 of an inch.
Observations. — This shell most resembles trigoniata herein described.
It is like that shell in outline, but it is thicker, and differs also in having a
crenulated margin.
We have found nothing among our Claiborne sand collec-
tions showing the extreme thickening of the shell matter shown
by Lea's specimens. But we are inclined to believe that when a
large enough series of trigoniata from the "sand" has been col-
lected, this so-called species will be found to grade imperceptibl}"
into trigo7iiata. Lea evidently did not notice that some trigoni-
ata show signs of marginal crenulation. Conrad's discoidalis (pi.
150 Bulletin 31 150
46, fig. 8) seems to be an intermediate form.
'Caryatis exigua" Conrad, PI. 47. Fig- 7
Caryaiis exigua Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 6, 1871, p. 201, pi. 11,
fig- 3-
Conrad's original description. — Subcordate, short and elevated,
ventricose, thin in substance ; summits prominent ; posterior side truncated;
lunule cordate ; indistinctly defined, Claiborne. Rare.
We are quite at a loss to know what Conrad had in hand
while describing and figuring this so-called species. We have
not been able to find the t3^pe in the Academy's collections and
presinne it is lost.
Meretrix yoakumi Gabb,
".^ Meretrix yoakmnV' Gabb, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. , Phila. 1861, p.
370.
Gabb's origiftal description. — Shell subquadrate ; beaks prominent,
placed one-third of the distance from the anterior extremity, which is reg-
ularly rounded, posterior cardinal margin straight. Anal extremity sub-
truncated. Surface marked by numerous very regular concentric ribs,
which are abrupt on the side towards the beak, and slope concavely on the
other side. Crests of the ribs rounded or subangular. Interspaces a little
wider than the ribs.
Length, .3 in. ; width, .4 ; height of valve, .09 in.
From a brown, highly ferruginous sandstone (Eocene), Caddo Peak,
Texas. Collected b}^ Prof. Yoakum.
The specimen being so imbedded that I could not obtain a view of the
hinge, renders the determination of the genus somewhat doubtful ; but
since it presents the usual appearance of this genus more strongly than of
any other, I refer the species provisionally as above. The shallow valve,
the abrupt posterior end, and the very distinct ribs f about thirty in number
on the specimen before me), will serve to separate the species from all the
other known species.
The t3^pe of this species does not seem to be in the collection
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and hence it
is doubtless lost. The general form is apparently like that of
bastropensis, but the number of ribs is obviousl)^ far less. The
peculiarities in the shape of the ribs are not observable in bastrop-
eiisis. Gabb, moreover, was not sure of the generic position of
his specimen ; it was small, imperfect and unique. Under such
151 St. Maurice and Ci^aiborne Pelecypoda 151
circumstances it seems unwise to attempt to refer the form here
described as bastropoisis to Gahh' s yoakumi .
dementia merccnaroidea Aldrich, PI. 47, Figs. 8-1 1
Dosinia vierceuaroidea Aid., Jr. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1887. p. 82 ; and
Bull. Am. Pal. vol. 2, '97, p. 172, pi. 2, fig. 10.
Meretrix mercenaroidea Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1903, p. 1234.
Aldrich' s original description. — Shell orbicular, moderately com-
pressed, concentrically finely striated, nearly smooth upon the umbo. Sub-
stance of the shell thin, thickening towards the margins ; lunule rather
long and narrow, beak curved toward the lunule, small and anterior to the
center: hinge line rather long. Teeth in left valve rather prominent, erect,
central one subtriangular. Ventral margin smooth.
Length, 1.4, Breadth 1.15, Thickness .6 of an inch.
Locality. — Upper Landing at base of Claiborne Bluff.
This species is more rotund than the recent D. concentrica Gmel. and
much thicker through the umbones. Only two specimens found.
This differs from bastropensis in form and dentition.
Dall has questioned the propriety of referring this species to
Dosinia and has suggested that it has a decidedly Meretrix ap-
pearance. So it would seem, but on examining our specimens
we find no trace, of an anterior lateral tooth and no trace of either
lunule or escutcheon. One usually takes fragments of this shell
for Meretrix trigoniata for the markings are similar, but the
shape of the shell and the hinge characters distinguish the two
at once. Most dementias are thinner, with more weakly devel-
oped posterior cardinal and with more ascending pallial sinus.
But there was a time when this genus was first differentiating
from MeretrixA\ke. forms and this species may be the initial re-
sult of such a process.
Tjr/'*?.— Aldrich Coll., Johns Hopkins Univ^
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
From the base of the bluff just above the "Upper Landing,"
Claiborne, Ala. 3 miles W. N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C.
*For illustration of right valve and hinge of left see these Bulletins
vol. 2, pi. 2.
152 BUI.I,ETIN 31 153
Grateloupia (Cytheriopsis) hydana Conrad, PI. 47. Figs. 12, 13
C. hydatia Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., Aug. 1833, p. 36. Harris' Re-
print, pi. 20, fig. 3.
Grateliipia mouHiisi'Le^a., Cont. to Geol., 1833, (Dec.) p. 59, pi. 2, fig.
33-
Cytheriopsis hydana Con, Am. Jr. Conch., vol. i, 1865, pp. 7 and 146 ;
vol. 3, 1867, p. 14.
Grateloupia moiilinsi de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala.,' 1890, p. 221,
pi. 34, figs. 28-33.
Merctri.v dalli Cossm., Notes Compl., 1893, p. 11, pi. i, figs. 9, 10.
G. {Cyi.) hydana Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 1239.
Conrad's original description. — Shell subtriangular, inequilateral ;
po.sterior side slightly channelled ; posterior end cuneiform ; lunule lance-
olate, elliptical.
I gladly name this fine species in compliment to Mr. William Hyde,
one of the most successful and zealous cultivators of American Conchology.
Length 2 inches. Breadth i Yz inches.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala. Cab. Acad. N. S.
I think Dall is correct in referring Cossmann's dalli to the
young of hydana, although it at first seems strange that in the
j'oung the posterior should be large and rounded, the anterior
acute, while in the adult the reverse is true.
However, by examining small specimens and the umbonal
parts of larger ones, one is readily convinced that this change
takes place during the growth of the shell. Half -grown shells
when nearl}' equally pointed at either end de Gregorio calls var.
symeirica.
Type.— Vhila. Acad. Coll.
Horizon. — Claiborne stage.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Gemma saneti-mauricensis, n. sp., PL 47, Figs. 14, 15
Specific characterization. — Shell small, somewhat Astarte-\\\iQ.
exteriorl}^ as figured ; increments of growth well-defined, rounded,
becoming much less conspicuous on the anterior and posterior
margins which fall off rather abruptly ; lunule rather long, stri-
ate, and defined by a faint channel, not a sharpl}' incised line ;
153 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 153
interior porcellanous, giving the shell a slightly thickish appear-
ance for so small a specimen ; anterior adductor scar apparent
but not deeply impressed, posterior and pallial sinus excessively
faintly defined ; margin faintly crenate anteriorly ; in the right
valve (the only one obtained) there is a faint trace of a long pos-
terior lateral tooth, but a corresponding anterior channel, if ever
present, is entirely eroded away.
This single specimen vi'as found among some St. Maurice
material marked Sabine River ?, La. Its exact provenance is
therefore undetermined at present.
At this early date this genus seems not to have developed all
the marked characteristics shown later on in the Oligocene and
higher beds.
The external ligament was very short. As the shelly matter
decaj'ed there was a slight pit-like cavity formed just under the
beak, reminding one of the more extensive expansion seen under
the beak of Dosinia, Dosiniopsis, etc.
Marcia retisculpta Meyer, PI. 47, Figs. 16-19
Venus retisculpta Meyer, Bull, i, Geol. Sun^ Ala., 1886, p. 84, pi.
I, figs. 27, 27 a.
Meyer's original description, — Rhombically circular ; convex ; cov-
ered with broad, flat, and somewhat irregular concentric lines, crossed by
similar radiating ones ; the sculpture indistinct near the umbo ; an im-
pressed line separates a long lunule ; pallial sinus large ; margin entire.
Locality. — Claiborne, Alabama.
The sculpture makes the surface appear as if reticulated with small,
rounded holes, especially in worn shells ; the figured specimen shows the
complete hinge, otherwise it is not the largest or best sculptured one.
The species is beautifully marked with fine pits concen-
trically and divaricately arranged. Our two specimens are fig-
ured to show the dentition of both valves. This species seems to
belong to Cossmann's section Textivenus. From the Claiborne
sand bed.
Petricola claibornensis, n. sp , PI. 48, Figs, i, 2
Specific characterization . — General appearance as figured ;
rather small (15 x 8 x 3.5 mm.); exterior surface with irregular
154 Bulletin 31 154
concentric folds and intermittent or discontinuous radial costa-
tion most clearly visible anteriorly ; interior with a deep, loop-
shaped ascending pallial sinus ; muscular scars large but indis-
tinct ; tooth in the left valve (the only specimen known) well-
defined, but probably broken.
This rare species is known from one specimen only, loaned
from the U. S. National Museum Collection. From the Clai-
borne sand, Alabama.
Trapezium claibornense Dall, PI. 48, Figs. 3, 4
T. claiborneHse Ball, Trans. Wag., Ill, p. 1498, pi. 43, figs. 9, 10.
Figure published in 1900, description 1903.
DalVs original description. — Shell small, subquadrate, subcom-
pressed, inequilateral, with low, pointed beaks at the anterior third ; anter-
ior end rounded and rather attenuated, the posterior broad and subtruncate;
disk covered with rather close, rounded concentric ribbing, obsolete on the
umbones ; hinge feeble, the teeth imperfectly developed, the cardinals ob-
scure and the lateral feeble ; the pallial line entire. Length 7.0, height
4.5, diameter 2.0 mm.
This shell is evidently 3'oung and only the left valve was obtained.
It is, however, evidently a Trapezium and of interest as showing the pres-
ence of that genus in the Claiborne sands.
Unfortunately the only valve we possess is also the left.
Type.--\}. S. Nat. Mus.
Horizon. — Claiborne Eocene.
Specimen figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Coralliophaga (Oryctomya) claibornensis Dall, PI. 48, Fig. 5, a
C. {Oryctomya) claibornensis Dall, Nautilus, '98, vol. 11, p. 135. Also
Trans. Wag., vol. Ill, 1898, p. 929, pi. 34, figs. 16, a.
Dallas original description. — Shell elongate with oval low beaks, quite an-
terior, moderately inflated, somewhat mesially impressed ; surface with in-
cremental lines which in senile specimens sometimes becomes lamellose
near the posterior end ; radial sculpture of rows of small globular granules
easily worn off and almost microscopic ; ends rounded, the posterior broad-
er ; hinge teeth delicate, somewhat pedunculate and slender in the adult
pallial sinus not extending in front of the posterior adductor scar ; pallial
line in senile specimens radially striated.
Lon. 36, alt. 19, diam, 14 mm.
155 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 155
Claiborne sand at Claiborne, Ala. Burns.
This species is readily recognized by its peculiar surface. It is most
surprisingly like that shown for Panopea clongafa (Md. Geol. Surv. Eocene,
pi. XXXI, 'fig. 2 a. (Harris)
So far as we are aware Ball's tjpe is the onl)^ specimen
known. It is in the U. S. Nat. Museum.
Psammobia biainvillei L,ea, PI. 48, Fig. 6
Solecurtus Blainvillii L,ea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 39, pi. r, fig. 7.
Psammobia Biainvillei Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 959.
Lea's original description. — Shell trapezoidal, rather compressed,
nearly equilateral, transversely and minutely striate, truncate behind ;
beaks very small ; escutcheon long and deeply impressed ; teeth two, the
anterior one large and erect, the posterior small and oblique ; margin en-
tire.
Diam Length .8, Breadth 1.3, inches. •
We have seen no other specimen of this species but the t3'pe
in the Phila. Academy's Collection, No. 5021. It came from
the "sand bed" at Claiborne, Ala.
Psammobia filosa Conrad, PI. 48, Fg. 7.
P.filosa Coil., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form, 1833, p. 42.
Gari filosa Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol, i, 1865, p. 4.
P.filosa Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, pp. 976 and 977.
Conrad's original description. — Shell elongate, with concentric acute
strise, very prominent on the smaller side, which is narrowed and subangu-
lated at the end ; beaks not prominent ; anterior dorsal margin straight,
and the end obtusely rounded ; basal margin straight.
Dall says of this species : P. filosa Conrad belongs to the section
Garum of the typical Psammobias. It is elongate and somewhat arcuate ;
the concentric sculpture pretty close and uniform on the disk, but elevated
into low, somewhat broken small laminae on the posterior dorsal slope ; the
type is forty-two millimetres long and about fifteen millimetres high. The
teeth and pallial sinus are as in Garum.
On the same card with Conrad's t3'pe in the collection of the Academy
of Natural Sciences is another shell thirty-nine millimetres long and seven-
teen millimetres high, more equilateral, less arcuate, with a blunter and
less decurved posterior end and generall}' straighter dorsal margin. This
is probably a distinct species for which I would propose the name of Psam-
mobia {Garum) claibornensis.
The figure herewith given is from a rough pencil .sketch of
156 Bulletin 31 156
the type made while visiting the Academy some time ago.
We have obtained no specimens of this species nor have we
seen an}- in other collections.
Psammobia eborea Conrad, PI. 48, Figs. 8- 11
P. eborea Con., Foss, Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 42.
P. { Psamnwcola) eborea Con. Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. i, '65, p. 4.
P. eborea Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, pp. 976, 978.
Conrad's original description. — Shell oblong-oval, compressed ; pos-
terior side longest and obliquely truncated at the end ; dorsal margin
straight ; beaks slightly prominent.
Speaking of the incremental ridges in a lower Eocene form
Q>i Psammobia Dall continues: "The latter often form in P.
ebo7'ea small, sharp, concentric waves dorsally, but not raised
laminae, as in P.filosa.
This is very close to P. ozarkana Har. , (these Bulletins, vol.
2, p. 257, pi. 18, fig. 14, pi. 19, fig. 8) but is less elongate &c as
there noted.
This is by no means so rare as the preceding species. There
are several specimens at the Philadelphia Academy and our own
collection contains three.
7>/^.— Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Horizon. — Claiborne Eocene.
Specimens Jig wed. — Paleont. Museum Cornell Univ.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Egerella triangulata Lea, PI. 48, Figs. 12, 13
Egeria triangulata Lea, Cont. to Geol. , 1833, p. 51, pi. i, fig. 20.
E. Bucklandii, ibid, p. 52, pi. i, fig. 21.
Donax Umatilla Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 42.
E. donacea Con., Amer. Jr. Conch,, vol, i, 1865. p. 146, pi. 11, fig. 12.
f Donax {Egerella') veneriformis var. tiga de Greg., Mon Faun. Eoc.
Ala., 1890, p. 222, pi. 35, figs. 4-9.
Led' s original description. — Shell triangular, inequilateral, smooth, ob-
tusely angular before, acutely angular at top, gibbous over the umbo — anter-
ior to which it is flattened; substance of the shell rather thin ; posterior and
anterior slopes flattened ; beaks elevated, pointed, incurved ; basal margin
157 St. Maurice*;- and Claiborne Pelecypoda 157
emarginate ; cicatrices not perceptible ; cavity of the shell deep in the su-
perior part — of the beak deep and angular ; inferior portion of the margin
finely crenulate.
Diam Length i, Breadth 1.2, of an inch.
A single valve of this interesting species has come into m}- possession •
It is the left one. Its beautiful form eminently distinguishes it. The ex-
terior portion of the valve is not perfect, and characters not observed on
this specimen may be, perhaps, found on perfect ones.
In Claiborne material there is generally a great number of
Egcrella, with a very few large specimens. We have no inter-
mediate forms. Conrad's thick donacea with slightl}' incurved
anterior dorsal margin ma}^ be the young of this ; likewise some
of deGregorio's //^<u seem to have the form of the earlier por-
tions of triangiilata.
Type. — No. 5096, Phila. Acad. Coll.
Horizon. — Claiborne Eocene.
Speci?ne7is figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Egerella subtrigonia L,ea. PI. 48, Figs. 14-16, a
Egeria subtrigonia Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 53, pi. i, fig. 22.
E. veneriformis Lea, ibid, p. 53, pi. i, fig. 23.
Lea's original description. — Shell subtriangular, somewhat inflated,
inequilateral, polished, obtusely angular before and at top ; substance of
the shell thin ; anterior slope furnished with a small fold ; beaks slightly
elevated, pointed ; cicatrices perceptible ; cavity of the shell rather shal-
low ; inferior portion of the margin minutely crenulate.
Diam. .2, Length, .3, Breadth .5, of an inch.
There is a very close resemblance between this and the Bucklatidii,
and had there not been so much disparity in the size of the shell and thick-
ness of the valve, I should not have been disposed to separate them. The
valves of three specimens are before me. They are of the same size, and
have every appearance of being adults.
Regarding veneriformis Lea remarks :
This small species has a close resemblance to the last described. It
differs chiefly in size and in being more equilateral. It is very common in
this stratum.
Lea evidently referred all the small specimens at Claiborne to
veneriformis, as he had only from one to three valves of the
158 Bulletin 31 158
other species. Aside from size, however, it seem that his subtri-
gonla figure most nearly resembles the prevalent tj'pe at this
localit3\ However, we have found a specimen or two herewith
figured corresponding more nearlj' to veneriformis. It is quite
possible that even triangulata and subtrig07iia should be united.
In the anterior and posterior margins of the right valve
there are traces of a channelling for the reception of the thin
, margin of the opposite valve — a beginning of lateral dentition as
it were (pi. 48, fig, 16).
Type.—^o. 5098, Phila. Acad. Coll.
i^<?rz>^7?.— Claiborne Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Tellina tallicheti Harris, PI. 49, Figs. 3-5
T. tallicheti Har., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865, p. 51, pi. 3, fig. i.
Harris' original description. — Size and general form as indicated by
the figure ; not twisted posteriorly ; thin ; posterior sub-biangulate ; an-
terior rounded ; beak slightly behind the center ; lateral teeth well devel-
oped ; posterior cardinal bifid ; palli al sinus and muscular scars of good
dimensions though rather dimly marked ; exterior smooth except a few
concentric stride on the post-umbonal slope ; umbonal ridge passes from the
beak to the postero-basal margin.
Locality. — Smithville, Tex.
The diagnosis was based on the right valve onh'. Fig. 5,
pi. 49, shows that in common wdth raveneli there is here, in the
left valve, a faint but definite radiating channel in the usual po-
sition of the "umbonal ridge". There is sometimes a tendency
to show a central flattening of the valves — Psavimobia-VC^o. — but
thus far we have observed no radiating lines.
Type.—V2i\&on\.. Mus. C. U.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus., Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Smithville, Texas ; Lisbon, Ala. ; 6 miles N.
W. of Orangeburg, S. C.
159 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 159
Tellina trumani var. australina, n. van, PI. 49, Fig. 6, a
Specific characterization. — General form more or less ellipti-
cal as indicated bj- the figures ; surface marked by fine, rather
sharply raised concentric lines ; umbonal ridge marked by a low
fold extending from the beak to the posterio-basal margin, caus-
ing an emargination in the outline ; beaks not prominent ; den-
tition rather weak, but of normal elements.
For description and illustrations of T. trumani see these
Bulletins, vol. 2, p. 265, pis. 18 and 20.
This is of the same stock as tallicheti, and the left valve (fig.
5) from Lisbon, Ala., is in a way intermediate between these
two species, though more of the form of tallicheti. Notice that
on that specimen the place (in the left valve) showing a radi-
ating shallow furrow corresponds to the ridge already mentioned
in the right valve of the species here under discussion.
We have onl}- the type, the right valve, from the red clay
beds of the Orangeburg District, S. C. Now in the Paleontolog-
ical Museum at Cornell Univ.
Tellina papyria Conrad, PI- 49, Figs. 7-1 1
T. papyria Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 41.
T- papyria Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., vol. i, 1846, p. 399, pi. 4, fig. 7-
T. mooreana Gabb, Jr. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 4, i860, p. 387, pi.
67, fig. 56.
T. {Peromelia ?) papyria plus mooreana Dall, Tran.s. Wag. Ill, 1900,
p. 1015.
Conrad's original description. — Shell elliptical, equilateral, much
compressed ; extremely thin and fragile, with regular concentric impressed
striae, most distinct on the anterior side ; posterior extremity angulated ;
lunule linear, impressed ; beaks not prominent ; apex acute ; cardinal
teeth prominent ; lateral teeth none.
The twisting of the posterior, causing the left valve to be
deeper than the right might well have been mentioned by Con-
rad.
So far as the equivalency of T. papyria and ^noorcana is con-
l6o BUI.I,ETIN 31 160
cerned, both Conrad's and Gabb's descriptions and figures leave
much to be desired, especially Gabb's. His description is simply :
"Wide, flattened, nearl}^ equilateral ; beaks small, inclined in-
ternall}' ; hinge line in advance of the beaks straight ; posterior
slightly curved ; surface smooth or covered only by obsolete lines
of growth.
Length .5 in., width .9 in., thickness .2 in.
Caldwell Co., one specimen in my collection."
Gabb's type is in the Academj^'s collection and from it we
were enable to identify fig. 10 of pi. 49. It is just possible that
Gabb's inooreana when full-grown may be the equivalent of the
much heavier types along the Rio Grande.
The more t5^pical papy^'ia are found at the base of the Clai-
borne bluff, though occurring in casts in considerable abundance
in the greenish white, hard clays 5 miles N. of Orangeburg, S. C.
7)/;^^.— Conrad Coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
Horisoyi. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Base of Bluff, Claiborne. Now in Pal.
Museum, C. U.
Localities. — The so-called mooreana : Mosle^^'s Ferry, Cedar
Cr. ; Little Brazos River, Cherokee Co. ; Gonzales Co., Texas.
The more t3-pical papyria: Wautubbee, Miss. ; Hamilton
Bluff, Lisbon, base of Claiborne Bluff, Ala. ; 5 miles N. of
Orangeburg, S. C.
Teilina aldrichi Dall, PI. 49, Fig, 12
T. {Mcerella?) aldrichi Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 1017, pi. 46,
fig- 9-
Dair s original description. SheW large for a Mccrella, elongate, with
very slight dorsal slopes, rounded in front, arcuate below, and bluntly
pointed behind ; beaks incurved, pointed, not prominent, posterior end
hardly folded ; surface smooth, with obsolete concentric undulations and
rare radial striulations ; lunular region deeply impressed ; hinge normal.
L,on. 20, alt. 10, semidiam. 2.5 mm.
A single left valve, with the interior inaccessible except the hinge,
was sent by Mr. Aldrich with specimens of the T. papyria, from which itdif-
i6i St. Maurice and Claibornts Pelecypoda i6i
fers by its elongated slender form, smaller size, and less convex valves.
Better specimens from Bell's Landing show a nearhMiormal hinge with long,
low laterals, and an ovate pallial sinus about half confluent below. It is
perhaps nearest to T. greggi Harris, but that species seems to be smaller,
more rounded behind, with the pallial sinus free from the pallial line
below.
Eocene of Lisbon, Ala.— Aldrich. Also at Bell's and Gregg's Land-
ings, Ala.
Not having any specimens of this species it is difficult to de-
termine its relationship to the species before described. In out-
line and horizon it suggests at once T. subequalis Con., described
from a cast from the Orangeburg District, S. C. (Proc, Phila.
Acad. Nat. Sci., 1847, P- 298. Jour. &c, vol. i. 1848, pi. 14,
fig. 8). However, judging from our Orangeburg material,
Conrad's subeqalis was most probably the internal mold of a spec-
imen of T. papyria.
Tellina cynoglossula, n. sp., PI. 49, Figs. 15, 16
Specific cliaracterization. — General appearance rather long,
narrow, sharply striated and sub-biangulate posteriori}^ as illus-
trated ; striae tending on the earlier portions of the shell to be-
come fewer and stronger on anterior and posterior areas, espec-
iall}^ from the .umbonal ridge posteriorly ; posterior angulations
marked within by low radii (see fig. 16); within, shining, show-
ing pallial sinus but obscurely.
It seems that here we have the continuation of the Sabine
cynoglossa stock into the Mid-Eocene of the Gulf Coast. T. lini-
fera of the Jackson is more pointed. So far as outline is con-
cerned this would seem to be not far from T. (Mcerella f) aldrichi
of Dall, but the surface features are very different. Average
specimens, about 20 mm. in length have the appearance of those
figured ; larger ones, about 30 mm. in length, show an umbonal
ridge of a definite width, marked off from the posterior slope by
a depressed radiating furrow.
In the compact, sandy clay-rock about Ft. Gaines, belong-
ing t*^ the St. Maurice stage, there are numerous impressions of
Tellinas of various shapes and sizes presumably "belonging to
1 62 BULI.ETIN -^I 162
known species, 3'et difficult of definite determination. The spec-
imens herewith shown (figs. 13, 14) seem to be very much Hke
cynoglossula.
Types.— \]. S. Nat. Mus.
Horizoji. — Claiborne Eocene.
Spedme7is figtcred. — U. S. Nat. Mus.
Locality. — Gopher Hill, Wash. Co., Ala.
Tellina (Angulus) prolenta Aldrich, PI. 49, Fig. 17
For Aldrich's original description, see these Bulletins, vol.
5, p. 4, pi. I, fig. 5.
This author seems to have gotten the ends of the shell re-
versed in his description.
We have no specimen of this species. Aldrich's tj^pe in the
Aldrich Collection (Johns Hopkins Univ.?)
Tellina (Angulus) entsenia Dall, PI. 50, Fig. 2
T. [Aftgulus) entcenia Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 1016, pi. 46,
fig. 2.
DalVs original description. — Shell small, rather compressed, solid,
elongate, very inequilateral ; beaks low, surface polished, sculptured with
faint, little elevated, somewhat irregular concentric lines, which at about
the posterior third become suddenly stronger and more prominent, and on
the posterior dorsal slope become about half as numerous, somewhat irreg-
ular, and still more elevated ; hinge normal, nymph for the ligament short
and prominent ; pallial sinus short, rounded in front, reaching a little be-
fore the middle of the valve and below about half confluent with the pallial
line ; a faint ray behind the anterior adductor scar. L/Ong. 9, alt. 4, semidi-
ameter, 0.8 mm.
Nothing like this interesting little shell has been described from this
horizon. Two left valves were obtained. The prominence of the nymph is a
general characteristic of the subgenus AngiUiiSy though I note in several
European publications this feature does not appear to be understood, and
there has been a tendency to refer such forms to Psammobia , apparently on
this character alone.
Eocene of the Claiborne sands at Claiborne, Ala.
N. var. equator, PI ■ 5°, Fig. i
Earger than the tj^pical form, with nearly equal posterior
163 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 163
and anterior parts ; ligament more elongated ; beak more nearly
erect.
From the Claiborne sand, Claiborne, Ala. Now in the Pal-
eontological Museum at Cornell.
Tellina (Angulus) subplana d'Orb., PI. 50, Fig. 3
Egeria plana Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 54, pl.i, fig. 24 (not "25").
T. subplana d'Orb., 1850, Prod. Ct. 25, No. 784.
Tellina plana Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., 1846, vol, i, p. 400, pi. 4, fig. 6-
T. {Angulus) plana Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 1016.
Lea's original descHptioti. — Shell scaleniform, very compressed,
transverse, ver}- inequilateral, smooth and shining, furnished with two
lamellar lateral teeth ; substance of the shell very thin ; beaks very small
and pointed ; cavity of the shell extremely shallow ; margin entire.
Diam. nearly .1, Length .2, Breadth 7-2oths, of an inch.
Observations. — Differs from the ovalis, which it most resembles, in
being smooth, more compressed and more angular.
In No. I of this series of Bulletins ('95) I called attention
to the fact that Lea's "Fig 24" and "Fig. 25" had been inter-
changed. Dall has followed this correction, but has failed to
note that Gregorio used the species still changed about, as it
were. "• Donax plana" of Gregorio is therefore a synonym of T.
leana Dall {ovalis Lea), and not T. plana as Dall states (op. cit.
p. 1016).
Cossmann regards ovalis and pla7ia as synonyms. See
footnote p. 9, Notes Complement. &c, 1893.
Type.—^o. 5139, Lea Coll., Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Horizon. — Claiborne Eocene.
Specimen figured. — Copy of Lea's figure of type.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Tellina leana Dall, PI. 50. >'igs- 4-6
Egeria ovalis Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 54, pl. i, fig. 25(not "24").
Tellina {Peronc^oderina) ovalis Con., Am. Jr. Conch., vol. i, 1865,
P- 5-
Donax plana di^GrQg.,Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 221, pl. 35,
1 64 BULIvETlN 31 164
figs. 1-3.
Tellina {Moerella) leana Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 1015 (not T.
oi'ah's Sow., 1825),
Lea^s origitial descriptioji . — Shell transversely elliptical, compressed,
very inequilateral, furnished with two lamellar lateral teeth, covered with
minute concentric striae, which, terminating at the anterior slope, are re-
placed by larger ones which there interlock , substance of the shell very
thin ; beaks small and pointed ; cavity of the shell very shallow : margin
entire.
Diam. .1, Length .2, Breadth .4, of an inch.
Type. — No. 5135, Lea Coll., Phila. Acad.
Horizon. — Claiborne and St. Maurice Eocene.
Spedinens figured . — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. and Texas
State Museum.
Localities. — Claiborne sand and base of bluff, Claiborne,
Ala.
Var. yeguana, n. van, PI. 50, Fig. 7
About one-half the dimension of the typical form ; some-
what broader proportionally with a more decurved basal margin ;
lines verj' fine, but of the character of leana. W. Yegua Cr., Tex.
Var. sabotica, n. van, PI. 50, Figs. 8, 9
specimens from Keitt's Ravine, S. C, in the U. S. National
Museum illustrated herewith, are exceptionally abbreviated pos-
teriorly and pointed anteriorly.
Van praegravis, n. van, PI. 50, Figs. 10-12
Specimens associated with those mentioned just above, but
of much broader outline and thicker, heavier shell.
Tellina cossmanni Dall, PI. 50, Figs. 13-16
7". nitens de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 223, pl. 35, figs.
13-16.
T. nitens Cossra., Notes Compl., 1893, p. 8.
T. cossmanni Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 997.
165 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 165
De Gregorio gave the figures herewith copied and a few re-
marks regarding this form in his famous essay on the Claiborne,
in 1890. He states definitely that although Conrad had re-
ferred it to A bra and Scrobicularia and it resembles the Semele
alba of Wood, "il n'y a pas la petite pouche caracteristique de
la charniere."
Cossmann finds this species remarkably close in general ■di^-
pearance to "5^;7/rt'c'iv;rj'<7 telli7iiila'' {Abra nitens) 3'et this is a
Tellina. Dall states that the true 7iitens of Lea is an Abra,
hence this Tellinoid representative is without name ; therefore
he suggests T. cossmanni.
Dall bases his species on de Gregorio' s figures and remarks
as well as the statements of Cossmann. He says :
A small species of Tellina of almost identical form [as A. miens'] is
figured by de Gregorio under this name (pi. 35, figs. 13-16) and Cossmann
has supposed that this might have been Lea's species. Lea's specimens
however, are of the Abra, and the Tellina, requiring a new name, might be
called T. cossmanni. Gregorio's figures erroneously represent the pallial
line as entire.
So far as we are aware there are no specimens of this species
in American museums.
The types must be regarded as the specimens figured by
Gregorio. They are doubtless in his private cabinet.
Tellina cherokeensis, n. sp., PI. 50, Figs. 19, 20
Specific characterization . — Broad and of medium size as fig-
ured ; with sharply-defined concentric striation over the whole
surface, though becoming somewhat coarser basally ; beaks
pointed, a little posterior from the middle ; lunule and escutcheon
narrow and deeply impressed ; posterior deflected to the right as
viewed from the rear ; left valve with a fairly well defined, but
low, umbonal ridge, anterior to which is a slight radiating, broad
depression and posterior to which is a narrower radiating de-
pression midway of the post-umbonal slope ; right valve with
more pronounced umbonal ridge and steeper, somewhat broader
post-umbonal slope.
Specimens do not show the interior to any great extent but
1 66 Bulletin 31 166
it is evident that the pallial sinns is very deep and confluent
with the line below.
Between the concentric striae there is often a faint trace of
fine radiating threads. In general outline this species is some-
what like 5/>z7/wa?z/ Dall (aldaria Con.), hut that is a smoother,
thinner, less pointed shell posteriorly. This may have had cyno-
glossa Dall as a remote ancestor.
Types. — Paleont. Mvis. Cornell Univ.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Locality. — W. H. Berryman's place, 11 miles from Rusk and
2.5 from Lin wood, Cherokee Co., Tex. Collected by A. C.
Veatch .
Macoma scandula Conrad, PI. 50, Figs. 17, 18
T. scandula Con,, Jr. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 7, 1834, p, 132.
T. scandula Con., Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. i, 1846, p. 400, pi. 4, fig. 8.
Macoma scandula Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 1016.
Conrad's best description (Amer. Jour. Sci.) — Ovate, much com-
pressed ; anterior margin rounded ; ligament margin verj' oblique,
slightly curved ; fold near the posterior margin, angulated, subcarinated ;
basal margin rounded ; beaks scarcely prominent above the hinge line, sub-
medial, nearest the anterior end. Claiborne, Alabama.
I only found one valve, a right one, and this is imperfect ; the cardi-
nal plate is broad and thick, with two diverging compressed teeth, and no
lateral teeth. The substance of the shell is moderately thick.
We have reproduced Conrad's restoration of this species to-
gether with a sketch of our own taken from the type specimen in
the Academy's collection.
We naturally presume that Conrad's specimen came from
the "Sand Bed", but it may have come from the St. Maurice be-
low. We have found nothing similar in our collections from
this locality. That there are many Tellinoid forms in the St-
Maurice beds, especially in the so-called Buhrstone, is shown by
numerous imprints as at Ft. Gaines and Hamilton Bluff. Some
forms from these localities are shown on Pis. 49, 50. Itis difficult
however, to identify these casts and impressions specifically.
167 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 167
Tellina alta Conrad, PI. 50, Fig. 22
T. alta Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 41.
T. alta Con., Amer. Jr. Sci, , vol. i, 1846, p. 399, pi. 4, fig, 10.
T. ( Arcopagia) alta Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 5.
T. {Airopagia) alta Dall, Trans. Wag. Ill, 1900, p. 1015.
Conrad's original description. — Shell suborbicular or suboval, equi-
lateral, convex, with prominent, acute, concentric striae, and concave inter-
vening spaces, and with minute radiating lines, lunule small ; lanceolate
slightly impressed ; cardinal teeth and anterior lateral tooth compressed
and prominent : posterior lateral tooth small but distinct.
In the Journal of 1846, cited above, Conrad modifies his de-
scription somewhat as follows : Suborbicular, inequivalved, in-
equilataral, with lamelliform concentric lines, not closely ar-
ranged, and minute closely arranged radiating wrinkles ; poster-
ior side obtusely folded, the inferior margin truncated obliquely
inwards ; lateral teeth distinct, the posterior one very short,
pyramidal, remote.
In this species one valve is considerably more convex than
the other, and the anterior muscular impression is rather deeply
impressed, and bounded on the inner side by a broad rib-like el-
evation, which extends to the apex.
The specimens at the Academy, presumably the types of this
species, are much more coarsely striate than is raveneli, and are
more circular in outline. Whether, however, they are mere ex-
treme variations of the latter from the St. Maurice beds at the
base of the bluff or are really representatives of another species
from the "sand" above, we are not able to state at present. None
of our specimens appear to be clearly referable to this species.
Tellina raveneli Conrad, PI. 5r, Figs- i-5
T. raveneli Con., Amer. Jour. vSci., vol. i, 1846, p. 400.
T. {Arcopagia) raveneli Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 5.
T. {Arcopagia) raveneli Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 1016.
Conrad's original description.— SnhovaX, inequilateral, moderately
thick, with very fine regular concentric lines and with brown bands; anter-
ior margin obliquely truncate above ; posterior side obtusely folded ; beaks
1 68 But,i.ETiN 31 i63
a little prominent ; lateral teeth large and prominent, compressed ; area
above the anterior lateral tooth dilated.
Of this species I have only an imperfect right valve. Its most re-
markable character is the somewhat angulated form of the anterior dorsal
margin. Claiborne, Ala.
Though Conrard refers to a pi. 5, fig. i in his ori ginal diagnos-
is, it seems never to have been printed. Still, as Dall says, the spe-
cies is easily determinable. It occurs in considerable abundance
in the St. Maurice Eocene at the base of the Upper Bluff at Clai-
borne, but varies extensively in outline from nearly circular with
but a slight flexion of the posterior to more elongately elliptical
forms assuming an astonishing similarity in outline to Semele
linosa. In the higher, older specimens the angle on the anterior
dorsal margin, followed below by an oblique truncation seem to
be quite characteristic. Some specimens show considerable peri-
pheral areas of well marked concentric lines, though the umbon-
al regions (as is also the case with linosa) are nearl}^ smooth.
In examining the tj^pes at the Philadelphia Academy it ap-
pears that although there is sometimes an outward resemblance
between T. raveneli and 5". linosa, the former has stronger lat-
eral teeth but a less extended pallial sinus.
There are now three specimens in the Conradian collection.
The single one labelled Tellina {Arcopagia) alia seems to be
Conrad's type of rat^^w^/z. The two specimens in still another
tra}^ labelled T. alia are probably the types of that species. They
are more striate, less plicate and show a very deep pallial sinus.
However, since raveneli shows such wide variations it is quite
possible that alta should be included as a mere variety. These
forms seem to be derived from trumani.
Type.— Fhila. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Speciviens figured. — Base of Claiborne Bluff, Ala. ; in Pal-
eont. Museum, C. U.
Localities. — Base of Claiborne Bluff, Lisbon, Ala. ; Orange-
burg District, S. C.
169 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 169
Macoma sillimani Conrad, PI. 51, Figs. 6, 7
Tellina silliinani Con., Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. i, 1846, p. 399, pi. 4.
fig. 9.
T. {Metis f) sillimani Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 10:6.
Conrad's original description . — Subtriangular, compressed, thin ; left
valve with a prominent, acute fold over the umbonial slope, which is
straight ; posterior side shorter than the anterior ; the dorsal line straight
and oblique ; the end margin obliquely truncated, and the extremity trun-
cated ; surface marked with brown concentric bands ; valve contracted
widel}' from beak to base between the middle and the umbonial slope.
Claiborne, Alabama. Very rare.
We illustrate herewith a specimen that seems to be fairly-
close to Conrad's type. But the contraction Conrad speaks of
between the middle and the umbonal ridge is a very variable fea-
ture. Most specimens are without it. This particular specimen
is unusually contracted. The specimens without the contrac-
tion seem to be very close to ehirneopsis from the Jacksonian.
The umbonal slope is thus characterized : (ist) on the umbonal
ridge (right valve) there is an obscurely raised radiating ridge,
(2) just behind this an obscure radiating channel, (3) from here
to the posterior edge of the valve the area is undifferentiated. In
the left valve the position of the fold and channel is reversed.
The posterior of the whole shell is bent somewhat to the
right. The brown bands are broad and conspicuous. So far we
have observed no lateral teeth.
Type. — Phila. Acad.
Horizon . — Claiborne Eocene .
Specimen figured. — Paleont. Museum Cornell Univ.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Macoma danai, n. sp. . PI. 51, Figs. 8, 9
Specific characterization. — Shell more or less circular and ro-
bust as illustrated ; more capacious than sillimani, umbonal slope
with a radiating fold crossed diagonally by lines of growth, be-
hind which the post-umbonal slope area abruptly faults down,
but gradually rises again to the posterior margin ; dentition as
in sillimani ; pallial line and sinus confluent below, without the
.sharply upraised sub-sinus just beneath the umbo shown in silli-
170 Bulletin 31 170
mani.
Dimensions of each v^alve : 52 x 43 x 12 mm.
Type. — Paleont. Mus. C. U.
Horizoji. — Claiborne Eocene.
Specimeji figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Semele linosa Conrad, PI. 52. Figs. 1-3
Ainphidesina linosa Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 42.
A. linosa Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., 1846, vol, i, p. 397, pi. 4, fig. 2.
Semele linosa Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 5.
A. linosa Harris, Reprint. Conrad &c, 1893, pi. 19, fig. 13.
S. linosa Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 986.
Conrad's best characterization (Amer. Jour. Sci.). — Ovate, plano-con-
vex with fine regular, concentric prominent lines ; right valve w^ith a some-
what prominent obtuse fold over the umbonial slope, the base of which is
emarginate ; posterior side short ; extremity subtruncated or very obtusely
rounded, direct ; beaks slightly prominent ; fosset produced, elliptical.
Claiborne, Alabama.
I have only two valves of this species, which much resemble a Tell-
ina exteriorly. The pallial sinus is very profound. In the right valve are
two diverging compressed cardinal teeth, and the lateral teeth are very dis-
tinct.
This occurs in the St. Maurice beds at the base of Claiborne
cliff and at Lisbon in connection with Tellina raveneli, some spec-
imens of which it resembles very closel}'. This is especially the
case when the latter become elongate and show considerable
areas with strongly raised, concentric lines. However, if one can
get at the hinge structure there need be no doubt as to which of
these two species a specimen should be referred. Most modern
Semeles have much more broadly developed and shorter internal
ligament than does this species. Again the external ligament is
unusuall}^ long in this species.
7>'/)<?.— Conradian Coll., Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.
The specimens here used are all from the base of the Clai-
borne bluff, in St. Maurice deposits, and are now deposited in
the Paleontological Museum at Cornell.
Smaller, more finely striate specimens are in our collections
171 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 171
from the Orangeburg District, S. C, and Ft. Gaines, Ga. It
occurs in the Jackson at Montgomery, Ala.
Semele linosa, var. claibornensis, n. van, PI. 52, Figs. 4, a
Semele profunda TiaW, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 986. Ball's speci-
men, but not Conrad's figure.
This little specimen, (8.5 x 6.4 v 1.5 mm) labelled ".S*. pro-
funda V seems to be a weak, senile representative of the well
characterized Ihiosa of the St. Maurice stage. Its concentric
lines are evident anterio-basally but seem never to have been well
developed posteriorly.
The specimen figured, the only one known, is from the Clai-
borne sand, Claiborne, Ala., and was borrowed for figuring
from the National Museum, No. 129,548.
Semele linosa, var., PI. 52, fig. 5, a
Specimen from Keitt's Ravine. vS. C, having a broad, Abra-
like aspect. U. S. Nat. Museum specimen.
Semele linosa, var.. Pi. 52, Fig. 6
Specimen 6.5 mm. in length, having something of the as-
pects of both claibornensis, var., and T. aiistralina.
Semele profunda Conrad, PI. 52, Figs. 7, 8
Atnphidesma profunda Con. Name mentioned, p. 8. App. Mort.
Synop. Org. Rem., 1834.
A. profunda Con., PI. 19, fig. 14, Harris' Reprint, Con. Foss. Shells,
&c, 1893.
Although this species has never been described, the figure
given on the plate above referred to is quite sufficient for its iden-
tification. The name />r^/?<:«rt'a, too, is exceptionally well chosen.
We have but one valve of this rare species, the one herewith
figured ; but if two valves were placed in normal position the di-
ameter of the shell would be at least two-thirds the height. Cer-
tain .small Cunmigia have somewhat the proportions of this spe-
172 BUI.I.BTIN 31 17^
cies ; yet upon the whole it seems best placed with Semele,
though lateral teeth are scarcely perceptible. The pit for the
internal ligament is deep and well-developed ; the exterior liga-
mental groove is of moderate length and size.
Conrad seems to have forgotten this species in his list of
1865.
The muscular scars can just be made out, but the pallial
line and sinus seem not to have been impressed in the least.
We obtained our one valve from the Claiborne "sand",
Claiborne, Ala.
Semele australina, n. ap., PI. 52, Figs. 9, a, b
Speafic characterization. — Shell ellipso-quadrate as indicated
by the figures ; surface practically smooth with a few impressed,
distant growth lines ; posterior radiate plication and sulcation as
in Tellina raveneli and Semele linosa ; valves shallow in com-
parison with ^. profunda, hinge much more delicate ; the liga-
ment is separated from the resilium by the strong shell margin;
just in front of the resilium is a weak oblique tooth, still in ad-
vance is a stronger tooth before which is a pit fsee pi. 52, fig.
9 a.).
The above description applies to the left valve, the only one
thus far known in perfect condition.
A large smooth specimen from the Rio Grande, (probably
belonging to this species) is figured herewith (fig. 10).
The smooth surface, sharp, deep, posterior fold and sinus,
and the semi-quadrangular form serve to distinguish this species
at once from Conrad's linosa, from the same horizon.
Type. — Paleont. Mus. C. U. (From Orangeburg District,
S. C.)
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Figs. 9, a b, Orangeburg District, S. C.
Fig. 10, 15 miles below Carrizo Cr., Rio Grande, Tex.
173 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 173
Abra nitens Lea, PI. 52, Figs. 11-13
Egeria niteiis Lea, Cout. to Geol., 1833, p. 51, pl.i, fig. 19.
Amphidesma fcl/iriula Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., vol. 1, 1846, p. 397, pi. 4,
fig- 5.
Abra nitens teUiniila Con., Am. Jr. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 5.
Tellina fi if ens Gr&^o., pars, Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 223.
Sy>idesi)iya tellinula Cossm., Notes Compl., 1893, p. 8, pi. i, figs. 7,8.
Abra nitens Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 997.
Lea's original description. — Shell subelliptical, obliquely transverse,
inequilateral, the anterior portion being much the larger, rather compressed,
smooth and shining; substance of the shell very thin; posterior .slope
lightly folded ; beaks elevated, pointed ; cicatrices scarcely perceptible ;
cavity of the shell not deep, of the beaks rather deep ; margn entire.
Diam. .1, Length 5-20, Breadth 6-2oths, of an inch.
At first view this species might be taken for the inflata. On exam-
ination it will be easily distinguished by its polish, its obliquity, and par-
ticularly the great disparity of the size of the anterior portion of the shell,
the inflata being nearly equilateral.
This species varies considerably in outline as may be seen
by examining the figures herewith given.
Type. — Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., Nos. 5092 and 5093.
We have seen this species only from the Claiborne sand at
Claiborne, Ala.
Cumingia ? keittensis, n. sp., PI. 52, Figs. 14, 15
PI. 53. Fig. I
Specific characterizatioyi . — Form somewhat angular-ellip.si-
oidal as illustrated ; substance of shell moderately thick, surface
in general marked by well-defined concentric striae, anterior
strongly characterized by down-dipping, curved, Strigilla-\\\i^
unconformable ridges; posterior area more or less marked off from
the general shell surface by an umbonal ridge ; teeth (so far as
can be determined by the left valve) showing one strong cardinal
tooth, posterior to which is a longer lamelliform, radiating tooth
which bounds the resilium pit anteriorly; pit bounded behind,
not very sharply, by a slight radiating ridge above which a sharp
diagonal gash indicates the position of a submerged ligament ;
posterior lateral faint, short ; anterior lateral short, at distal
termination of lunular area ; lunule narrow, cordiform, deeply
sunken under the beak ; escutcheon not sharply defined.
174 Bulletin ,31 174
The true generic position of this remarkable form we can
onl)' determine after better material, showing teeth of both
valves and pallial sinus, has been collected.
Types.— \^. S. Nat. Mus.
Horizon. — Probably St. Maurice
Specimens figured. — The types.
Locality. — Sta. 4589, "Keitt Ravine,' 4.5 miles N. W. of
Creston, Orangeburg Co., S. C."
Ervilia meyeri Aldrich, PI. 52, Fig. 16
Ervilia meyeri Aldr. , these Bulletins, vol. 5, 1917, p. 5, pi. i, fig. 7.
For Aldrich 's original description, see the above mentioned
volume.
So far we have found no sample of this minute form. Aid-
rich cites it from the Claiborne sand on the Tombigbee.
Spisula parilis Conrad, PI. 53, Figs. 2-4
Mactra parilis Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form, 1833, p. 42 ; pi. 19, fig. 8
of Harris' Reprint.
M. pygmcea Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 44, pi. i, fig. 11.
M. pai'i lis Qo-n., Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. i, 1846, p. 217, pi. 2, fig. 6.
M. ? parilis Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 3.
M. {Cyrei/a f) parilis de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 227,
pi. 36, figs. 1-9.
Af. parilis Cossmann, Notes Compl., 1893, p. 8.
Spisula parilis Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1895, p. 896.
Conrad' s best characterization {A.m&r.]r. Sci.). — Triangular, equilat-
eral, smooth and polished ; both ends depressed and striated ; umbonial
slope slightly folded ; anterior angle with an impressed line ; cavity capac-
ious.
Claiborne, Alabama.
This species has some resemblance in outline to the M. lateralis of
Say, but its specific character is very different.
Upon re- inspecting our Sabine material it is evident that our
var. ^w/rza/a formerly referred (Bull. Am. Pal., II, '97, p. 258,
pi. 19, fig. 10) to prcetenuis and afterwards (Geol. Surv. La., '99,
P- 503. pl- 53> fig- 4) designated as a disticnt species, is really
175 St. Maurice and Ci^aiborne Pelecypoda 175
very closely allied to parilis Con., though not so inflated nor so
erect, but of double the size of this latter species. In the Jack-
son at Jackson, Miss., the small, rugged specimens are very
erect and angular.
737^^.— Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. (Conradian Coll.)
Horizon. — Claiborne, St. Maurice and ? Sabine.
Specimens figtired. — From Claiborne sand. Now at Cornell.
Localities. — Claiborne and Lisbon (as var. bistriata), Ala. ;
Wautubbee, Miss. ; also Hammett's Branch, La.
Spisula preetenuis Conrad, PI, 53, Figs. 5-8
Mach'a prrrtenuis Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 42, pi. 19, fig.
9 of Harris' Reprint.
M. prcetennis Con., Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. i, 1846, p. 217, pi. 2, fig. 4.
Afactrella prcrtenuis Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 4.
Spisula prcetenuis 1)3.11, Trans. Wag. Ill, 1895, p. 896.
Conrad's best description (Amer. Jour. Sci.). — Subtriangular, com-
pressed, equilateral, thin and fragile, umbonial slope submarginal, subrec-
tilinear, carinated ; beaks slightly prominent : posterior slope with two
prominent fine lines and obliquely rugose ; surface of the valves with very
minute concentric closely arranged lines. Claiborne, Ala.
This shell is verj- rare. It has somewhat the outline of M. delumbis,
of the Miocene, but is a much smaller and very distinct species. It has the
cardinal fissure which would constitute it a member of the genus Scisso-
desnia.
Conrad's illustrations show a somewhat longer or more de-
/z^;«(^w-like form than the usual specimens from the "sand" at
Claiborne. The Orangeburg specimens are not quite so sharply
carinate and are thicker accordingly than the typical Claibornian
(var. aiistralina, n. var., pi. 53, figs. 9-12).
Type. — Phila. Acad.
Horizon. — Jackson, Claiborne and St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — From Claiborne and Orangeburg, now
in the Paleont. Museum at Cornell.
Localities. — Claiborne sand, Claiborne, Ala. ; three to six
miles N. of Orangeburg, (more or less silicified specimens in fer-
ruginous clay), S. C. ; specimens here are fairly abundant. Ft.
176 Bulletin 31 176
Gaines, Ga. ; Montgomery, L,a. (Jackson).
Spisula declsa Conrad, PI. 54, Fig. i
Madra decisa Con., Foss, Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, 42.
M. decisa Con., Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. i, 1846, p. 216, pi. 2, fig. 3.
Spisula decisa Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1895, p. 896.
Conrad'' s best characterization (Amer. Jour. Sci.). — Triangular, ven-
tricose, umbonial slope angular, slightly carinated, posterior slope depressed,
with a line somewhat bifid or double from beak to base, and short oblique
prominent lines on the upper portion of the valves ; cardinal fosset large
and profound, the anterior tooth adjoining it triangular, with a deep pit on
each of the three sides. Claiborne, Ala.
This very rare species has not been found entire. I have only one
fragment, and the hinge of this is perfect enough to exhibit the fissure in
the hinge line under the apex, which characterizes the genus Scissodesnia .
We have little hesitation in referring the fragment we have
of a hinge line to this species though the umbonal slope can
scarcely be described as "carinated", nor do we quite under-
stand "the fissure in the hinge line".
Type. — A mere fragment in the Phila. Acad. Conradian Col-
lection.
Our specimen is likewise from the Claiborne sand and is now
at Cornell.
Spisula decisa var. palmaris, n. var,, PI. 54, Figs. 2-6
With such fragmentary material at hand it is difficult to de-
cide whether the typical decisa from the Claiborne sand should be
classed as one and the same species with the St. Maurice material.
The Claiborne sand fragments indicate a very deep shell cavity,
and show a large, robust beak, very tightly incurving and some-
what twisted. The St. Maurice specimens show a more pointed
and erect beak with seemingly a slightly less capacious shell cav-
ity. We seriously doubt the propriety in uniting these differently
appearing forms without calling attention to certain well-marked
differences.
Under var. palmaris^ accordingly, we would place the inter-
nal casts and molds from the base of the Claiborne bluff, such as
177 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 177
shown b}' figs. 2 and 3, as well as .similar forms from 5 miles N.
of Orangeburg, S. C. The angnlate and thinner shelled forms
from Keitt's Ravine (figs. 4-6) may be placed here for the pres-
ent.
Mactropsis aequorea Conrad, PI. 54, Figs- 7-9
Erycifia csquorea Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 42 ; pi. 19, fig.
II of Harris' Reprint.
Madra grayi Lea, Cont. to Geol. , 1833, p. 42, pi. i, fig. 10.
Triquetra cequorea Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., vol, i, 1846, p. 218, pi. 2,
fig. 5-
Mactropsis cequorea Con., Proc. Phila, Acad. Nat. Sci., 1854, p. 30.
Mactropsis cequorea Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 5.
Mactropsis cequorea Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1895, p. 911.
Cotirad's best characterization {\n\^r. Jour. Sci.). — Triangular, equi-
lateral, thick, plano-convex ; umbonial slope submarginal, angulated ; um-
bo flattened, apex acute ; anterior extremity acutely rounded ; posterior ex-
tremity obliquely truncated ; cardinal plate very thick ; fossett small,
ovate ; cardinal plate thickest under the anterior cardinal tooth.
Claiborne, Alabama.
A common species, the valves of which are always found separated.
The substance of the shell is remarkablv thick.
This is one of the very common lesser bivalves in the Clai-
borne "sand" at Claiborne. We have as yet found it from no
other horizon.
Zy/^.— Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Spechnens figured. — Paleont. Mus., Cornell Univ.
Mactropsis rectilinearis Conrad, PI- 54, Figs. 10-12
Erycina rectilinearis Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 42 ; pi. 19,
fig. 10 of Harris' Reprint.
Triquetra rectilinearis Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., vol. i, 1846, p. 218, pi. 2,
fig. 8.
Mactropsis rectilinearis Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 5.
Alactropsis rectilinearis Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1895, p. 911.
Conrad' s best characterication (Amer. Jour. Sci.). — Triangular, flat-
tened above, with coarse lines of growth ; posterior side subcuneiform, rather
longer than the anterior side, extremity subtruncated ; umbo much flat-
tened, apex acute ; posterior dorsal margin rectilinear ; basal margin a lit-
tle tumid near the middle. Claiborne, Ala.
lyS Bulletin 31 178
This shell is larger, thinner, more inequilateral than the preceding
[^eFguorea}, and ver}' rare. The cardinal plate is less thickened and the an-
terior muscular impression not so deeply impressed. Both species have an
indistinct impressed line on the exterior, extending from the anterior end
to the apex.
This is indeed a rare species but is so much thinner than
cBquorea and with so much wider hinge area that a comparative!}^
fragmentary specimen can be quickly differentiated from speci-
mens of the latter species. Our specimens were from the famous
Claiborne "sand bed".
Pteropsis papyria Conrad, PI. 54, Fig. 13, a
Lutraria papyria Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 41 ; pl. 19, fig.
7, Harris' Reprint.
Madra dentata I^ea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 41, pl. i, fig. 9.
L. papyria Con., Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. i, 1846, p. 216, pl. i, fig. 8.
Pteropsis papyria Gabb, Jour. Phila. A. N. S., vol. 4, i860, p. 296.
Pteropsis papyria Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1895, p. 881.
Conrad'' s best characterization (Amer. Jour. Sci.). — Ovate, very thin
and fragile, inflated anteriorly ; surface with concentric sulci, profound on
the sides and obsolete in the middle, and with numerous interrupted wrin-
kled lines from umbo to base ; anterior end abruptly rounded ; posterior
side cuneiform, compressed, gaping ; a slight fold, and nearer the end
margin, an undulated line from beak to base ; submargin angular, with a
narrow depressed area at the extremity of the valves. Claiborne, Alabama.
A very rare species and exceedingly fragile. I have only one valve
nearly perfect and the fragment of another. The teeth and cardinal
grooves are remarkably large and profound.
Small fragments of shells belonging to this species are not so
very rare in the Claiborne sand bed, but we have succeeded in
finding no really good specimens that would stand packing and
shipment. So far as we are aware it is found only in the sand
at Claiborne, Ala.
There are now two nearly perfect left valves in the Conrad-
ian collection at the Phila. Academy.
Pteropsis iapidosa Conrad, Pl. 54, Figs. 14-15
Lutraria Iapidosa Con., Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. i, 1846, p. 215, pl. i,
fig. 7-
179 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda i79
Astarte conradi Dana, Man'l Geol., 1863, p. 516. fit;. 800.
Lutraria conradi Aid., Bull, i, Geol. Surv. Ala., 1S86, p. 39, pi. 4,
fiR. 7-
Pteropsis lapidosa Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1895, p. 881.
Conrad's description. — Obliquely ovate, convex, with rather distinct
large concentric sulci, obsolete towards the base ; summits very elevated,
from which the anterior and posterior dorsal margins decline very oblique-
iy ; anterior extremity angulated ; posterior side cuneiform towards the end
margin, which is acutely rounded or subangulated ; anterior basal margin
very oblique, subtruncated. Orangeburg, S. C.
I have but one specimen, a cast in indurated clay, without a trace of
the original shell remaining upon it.
This species possesses a very thin, fragile shell, and, when
embedded in marly clay is apt to be much distorted. As Aid-
rich says (loc. cit) : The one fiugred hy Prof. Dana hasbeen con-
siderably distorted by pressure, and therefore mislead Prof. Heil-
prin, who considered it a yom\<g Crassatella alta.
While writing my Texas MS report on the Tertiaries of
that State I had the opportunitj^ of comparing the type of P.
cofiradi with lapidosa and found that they most probably were
of one and the same species, as Aldrich had intimated. Dall un-
hesitatingly^ refers conradi to lapidosa. In this he is doubtless
correct. Conrad's type and description of lapidosa are incom-
plete in lacking the pouting lunular area. Distortion causes
the shell to assume all sorts of outline. Strangely enough, prob-
ably through a mental confusion, the Philadelphia tj'pes are la-
belled petrosa instead of lapidosa.
Type. — Philadelphia Academy, Nat. Sci.
Horizoyi. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimen figured. — Orangeburg District, S. C. Specimen
in Paleont. Laboratorj', Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Texas : Campbell's and Cedar Creek, Robertson
Co. La. : Near Red Land, Bossier Parish ; Gibsland ; Chau-
tauqua ; Hammett's Branch. Miss. : 4 miles W. of Enterprise ;
Wautubbee. Ala. : CofFeeville, Lisbon, base of Claiborne
Bluff. S. C. : Orangeburg District ; Center Hill.
i8o Bulletin 31 180
Periploma claibornensis Lea, PI. 55, Fig. i
Anatiua claibornensis Lea, Coat, to Geol. , 1833, p, 40, pL i, fig. 8,
Lea's original description. — A portion of the hinge only of this
shell has come under my notice, consisting of the apophysis, the point of
the beak, and a small part of the dorsal margin behind the beak. The
apophysis is elliptical, and small comparatively with the thickness of the
valve in the region. The figure is a good representation of the part de-
scribed, and it will be observed that the substance of the shell is much
thicker than anj"^ described species. The pearly nacre which distinguishes
most of the genus is very observable in this.
We have two specimens like Lea's but showing nothing fur-
ther in regard to the nature of this species or its relationship to
the various forms from the St. Maurice beds below. The type
of No. 5023 is still in the Academy's collection, Philadelphia, Pa-
Periploma collardi Harris, PI. 55, Figs. 2-5
7\ collardi Har. , Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895, p. 52, pi. 3, fig.4.
P. collardi Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1903, p. 1528.
Harris' original characterization . — General form as figured ; nearly
equivalve ; beaks turned slightly backward, posterior deflected to the
right ; substance of the shell thin and very nacreous ; umbones fissured.
The general form of this species is somewhat like that of Ceronia singleyi,
from which, however, it is distinguished by the difference in direction of
the beaks, as well as by the beaks themselves. Again this species has a
much more extended posterior dorsal margin.
The tj'pe specimen was from Dr. Collard's farm, Sparks
Headright, Brazos Co., Texas. It is more elongate than the
specimens from the base of the bluff at Claiborne from the same
horizon. Those from St. Maurice, lya., show an intermediate
outline usually, though the elongate, Texan form occurs. Some
at the base of the Claiborne bluff after • having been probably
distorted by pressure assume a nearly circular outline and are
considerably inflated. But what seems to be the prevalent form
here is shown by fig. 3. Fig. 5 shows very beautiful radiate
structure to good advantage. All these specimens are thin
shelled and highly nacreous.
In the Orangeburg District, S. C, a variety or distinct spe-
cies is much thicker, nearly circular, flat and Z7^«wa-like in as-
i8i St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda i8i
pect. The semi-silicified condition of the shell may hav^e oblit-
erated the original nacre of this form, but the various other dif-
ferences make it worth while to call this at least a new variet}^
australina (figs. 6-8). It is the first mid-Eocene specimen de-
.scribed from the Gulf region to show general form and markings
of exterior and the characteristice interior.
It is not unlikely that, as Dall suggests. Lea's claiboriievsis
is the same as other Eocene forms since described. But of this
fact we still have no proof. This offers a splendid instance of
the poor policy of giving specific 'names to mere fragments of
shells. Lea's figure is sufficient to show that the genus occurs
in the Claiborne sand but it shows nothing else.
Type of collar di. — Texas Univ. Museum.
Type of australina. — Cornell Univ. Pal. Museum.
Horizoyi. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Spedme7is figured.— T'he^ tjpe from Texas, intermediate
forms from the ba.se of Claiborne bluff ; the type of australina
from the Orangeburg District, S. C.
Localities. — As abov^e; also at St. Maurice, La.
Verticordia (Haliris) mississippiensis Dall, PI. 55, Fig. 9
V. (//. ) mississippiensis Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 1198, pi. 42,
fig. I, p. 1510.
DalVs original description. — Shell rounded, triangular, inflated,
with very high involute prosoccelous beaks ; sculpture with about thirty-
three narrow, angular radial ribs, uniformly distributed and with about
equal interspaces, the entire surface closely and minutely granulose ; the
granules are more or less arranged in radial lines ; basal margin arcuate,
produced towards the middle, serrate by the sculpture, nymphs strong ; in-
terior brilliantly pearly and very much disposed to scale off.
Lon. 5.5, alt, 5.0, diam. about 6 mm.
This shell, external, looks like a minute Pecchiolia. The pearly sub-
stance is so friable that it is hardly safe to attempt to describe the hinge, all
the specimens being more or less defective. There is no lunule. The shell
is much heavier than the Bowden species and more pearly.
Eocene of the Wautubbee Hills, Clark Co., Miss. ; Burns.
Our collection have afforded no specimen of this interesting
form.
1 82 Bulletin 31 182
Verticordia eocensis Langdon, PL 55, Figs. 13-16
F. eorensjs hangdon, Amer. Jour. Sci., voL 41,1886, p. 20S. PL 6,
fig. 13, Ala. GeoL Surv.,Bul]. i.— Aldrich.
Not V. eocoene^isis Cossmann, Notes CompL, 1893, p. 7, pL i, fig. 6
from Jackson, Miss.
V. eocenensis Ball, pa/iiin, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1903, p. 1510.
Lanodon's original description.— ^\\^\\ rotund, beak recurved, ele-
vated and striate, substance of the shell rather thick, lunule obscure, one
prominent cardinal tooth, lateral teeth oblique, margin dentate and crenu-
lated between dentitions ; nacre brilliantly pearl)' ; muscular^impressions
two, profound ; pallial line obscure ; closelj- ribbed ; ribs about 16, crenu-
late, radiating regularly from the beak and slightly recurved.
Length .25, Breadth .25, Height .06.
This, I believe, is the first I'eriicordia described from the Eocene,
there having been only three species known among living and fossil shells,
two of these being Miocene. Differs from W einmonsi Con., in being ro-
tund and having more ribs, and from V, cardiifonnis Wood in having no
.striations between the ribs, in being more rotund, and showing no incurv-
ing of the ribs as they approach the ventral margin.
Claiborne, Ala., and Jackson, Miss.
In the typical form eocensis there is not much abrupt varia-
tion in the spacing or size of the ribs. However, a Httle irregu-
laritj' is noticeable in about the third or fourth from the posterior
margin.
In our specimens from Hickorj^ and the Sabine River, from
the St. Maurice horizon, the tendency to irregularity becomes
more noticeable. There are three posterior ribs, then a rather
broad space, then two ribs slightly closer together followed by
about eleven quite evenly spaced.
In the form described by Aldrich as sotoensis (The Nautilus;
vol. 16, 1902, p. 100, pi. 4, figs. 19-21) there are two posterior
ribs, then a space, anterior to which there are twelve ribs (see
pi. 55, figs. 10-12).
For the reader's convenience we here include Aldrich' s de-
scription of sotoensis :
Shell small, strongly ribbed with twelve ribs, then a blank space,
then two ribs near the margin, beaks blunt and rounded, ventral margin
serrated ; internal tooth long and curved. Interior verj' porcellaneous ;
muscular scars slightly impressed.
183 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 183
Localities. — Claibornian of De Soto and Mcl.eod's Mill, Miss., and
in Western Alabama, same horizon.
This species closely resembles V. dal liana, nobis, but differs in the
number of ribs and the absence of one space which appears on the other. It
is also more rounded.
With sotoeyisis as a name for the rather marked variety' just
referred to its seems iinnecessarN'^ to give a special name to the
intermediate forms from Hickory and the Sabine.
It is quite possible that the ]'erticordia we figured from tlie
Midwa}^ Eocene (these Bulletins, vol. i, pi. 16, fig. 16) some
years ago without naming it, should be referred to a variety of
eocensis. But we have no connecting forms as yet from the Sa-
bine stage. Aldrich's a'a/Zz^wa seems to be a modification of
sotoensis, found in somewhat higher Eocene or Oligocene beds.
Of this species Dall has well remarked: "This belongs to
the t^'pical section of the group and has from thirteen to sixteen
ribs, a minuteh' granulose surface, moderately convex valves,
and is well figured by Aldrich as above noted. The inter-spaces
between the ribs usually show one or two impres.sed lines radi-
ating in harmony with the ribs. The pallial line has a distinct
but shallow sinuation."
Type. —
Horizoji. — St. Maurice and Claibornian ; possibly also Mid-
way to Jackson.
Speciynens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Others
copied from Aldrich.
Localities. — Sabine Riv^er, Tex., opposite S. W. cor. S. E.
Yx sect. 35, 13 W., 5 N. — Veatch.
Hickory, Miss. Claiborne sand bed, Claiborne, Ala.
Cuspidaria prima var. multiornata Aid. & Mr., P1.55. Figs. 18-20
Necera {Cardiomya) multiornata Aid., & Mr., Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
vol. 9, pt. 2, 1886, p. 46, pi. II, fig. 19.
For Aldrich's description of />/7V;/a, see these Bulletins, vol. 2, p. 266,
pi. 20, fig. 14.
Aldrich and Mej^er's description of multiornata reads as
follows :
1 84 Bulletin 31 184
Posterior half of the surface, with six radiating ribs, the stronger the
more posterior they are. They alternate with smaller radiating ribs, which
do not cover the umbonial part. Anterior half of the surface covered with
numerous radiating ribs ; its umbonial part is covered by strong concentric
ribs, which terminate abruptly at the first radiating rib of the posterior
half. Wautubbee.
We believe multiornata and prima have been regarded as
very distinct and figured so on account of the very few speci-
mens known. There seems to be no definite number of strong
ribs posteriorly nor is the anterior without indications of ribs.
Again, the secondary, inter-ribbing, varies in strength.
It is evident that the figured type of multiornata is only a
fragment of the umbonal part and does not show the outline cor-
rectly at all if it is really a Cardiomya. See fig. 19 for a photo
of a specimen from the typ^ locality and fig. 20 for a fragment of
the same species from St. Maurice with more strongly differen-
tiated sculpturing anteriorly and posteriorly. In this the fovir
posterior radii are strongly marked while the anterior is weakly
marked .
Cuspidaria attenuata Aldrich, Pi, 55, Fig- 21
Necera alternata h\^.. Bull. 1, Geol. Surv, Ala., 1886, p. 38, (pi. 6,
fig. 15, as attenuata, lapsus penncB).
C. attenuataDaU, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1903, p. 1505.
Aldrich's original description . — Shell small, moderately rotund, cov-
ered with very fine concentric lines ; rostrum short, obtuse, rounded on top
and angulated on dorsal margin ; lines of growth becoming lamellar on its
surface. Hinge line and dorsal line of rostrum straight. Cartilage pit
minute, narrow, oblique and close under the beak.
Locality. — Lisbon, Ala.
We have found no specimens corresponding to this descrip-
tion. In outline and marking it is wonderfully like some
of the Buhrstone Ledas.
Since the name altertiata is preoccupied for this genus by
d'Orbigny's species, Dall proposes, quite properly, to make use of
Aldrich's name, accidentally used on the explanation of the
plate, for this species.
185 St, Maurice and CXaiboune Pelecypoda 185
CORBULA
Alabainiensis stock
The majority of the specimens, seemingly of this stock, in
the upper Sabine at Woods Bluff are of the small, strongly con-
centrically striate, laterall}^ flattened, compressed form (pi. 56,
figs. 1-4, 7) already described in vol. 2 of these Bulletins (p.
260, siibeng07iata Dall). These, slightly more specialized in
the Claiborne sand, constitute the variety ima of Gregorio.
Still, among these are some (figs. 5, 6,8) pointing towards typi-
cal alabavihiensis . The latter occur sparingly in rather smallish
individuals in the St. Maurice stage from Texas to the Caro-
linas. Alongjwith them in this horizon occur specimens, quite
inflated, with finer concentric striation, for the most part lack-
ing the strong umbonal carination of the species generally, in
fact, reminding one of some rather weakly marked Cnspidaria
(var. citronella, figs. 12, 13). This type, after becoming a little
more rostrate in the Claiborne, appears to be Cossmann's variety
Gregorioi (figs. 14-16) though he refers the variety iocompressa,
Lea.
In the Claiborne sand, so called, this stock riots in forms
and numbers. Most conspicuous are the large, nasute specimens
giving rise to Conrad's name nasuta (figs. 22-26). But others
shorten, become thick and elevated, and show in adult forms a
noticeable geniculation medially (figs. 26-30). These, var. tecla
of Gregorio, are approaching close to the Jacksonian densata ; in
fact Dall has it that they really are densata. Typical densata
(figs. 31-31J, is a somewhat more elevated form.
Corbuia alabamiensis Lea, with varieties, PI. 56
C. alabamiensis Lea, Cont. to Geol. , 1833, p. 45, pi. i, fig. 12.
C. nasuta Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 38. See also pi. 19,
fig. 4 of Harris' Reprint.
C. subnasuta d'Orb., Prod., 382.
C. nasuta Gregorio, Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 231, pis. 36-38.
C. alabamiensis Cossmann, Notes Supl., 1893, p. 6.
C. alabamiensis Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1898, p. 841.
For Lea's original description, see these Bulletins, vol. 2,
1 86 Bulletin 31 186
p. 260.
We have no hesitation in using Lea's name alabamiensis in-
stead of Conrad's nasuta since, although the latter was proposed
first, it was already preoccupied by Sowerby's species and again,
Conrad's description, without figure, does not define the species.
Plate 56 shows what appears to be the development of this
fecund stock from the Sabine, through the St. Maurice, Clai-
borne and Jackson horizons. Some of the flatter, coarsely and
horizontally marked earlier forms that linger along into the
Claiborne stage would certainly be regarded as perfectly distinct
species were there not so many intermediate forms connecting
them with the typical specimens. They instinctively remind one
of engonata of the Vicksburg Oligocene but lack the beautiful
microscopic radii of that species in the Claibornian, though
their predecessors do show such markings.
The left valve of the typical form is apt to be shorter than
the right while both show lines of grov/th that seem to dip or
plunge posteriorly (figs. 17, 19) and both show a fairly strong
umbonal ridge. There are sometimes traces of two grooves on the
post-umbonal slope (fig. 28), and in some varieties there are well-
marked, fine radii over considerable portions of the shell. The
rather small, smoother and thinner specimens with very extended
rostrum in the Claibornian (var. grcgorioi, figs. 14, 15) are pre-
ceded in the St. Maurice beds by shorter, somewhat more strong-
ly striate forms (var. citronella, figs. 12, 13) from the Orangeburg
District. The deiisata-\\kQ: forms are apt to show a marked gen-
iculation as indicated in profile by fig. 28 and the post-umbonal
grooves are obvious and the lines of growth seem nearly horizon-
tal. The umbonal ridge, however is strongly and sharply de-
fined.
Dall refers Conrad's nasiita of the Mexican Boundary Sur-
vey (1857, pi. 19, fig. 4) to a new species which he Q.2X\sconradi.
What we have seen of Western Texas material inclines us to
believe that what Conrad really had was a somewhat elevated
form of alabamiensis, a mere modification of a type like the one
he figured on pi. 19, fig. 4 of Harris' Reprint of Fossil Shells, &c.
Type. — Type of right valve. No. 5039 of the Phila. Acad.
i37 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 187
Coll. Left valve perhaps 5040, more probabl}' Lea'.s figure,
was from a reversed tracing of 5039.
Horizon. — Typically Claibornian, but represented b}' muta-
tions in beds ranging from the Sabine to the Jackson inclusive.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Localities. — On the Rio Grande, 2 miles above San Jo.se and
at Webb-Zapata Co. line ; on the Colorado River at Smithville
and at the mouth of Alum Creek ; Brazos River, Mosley's Fer-
ry, 500 yds below the mouth of Little Brazos ; Cedar Creek and
Campbell's Creek, Robertson Co., Texas ; Sabine River, La. ;
Hickory ; 8 miles W. of Enterprise ; Wautubbee, Miss. Lis-
bon ; Claiborne Bluff, Ala. ; 3 and 6 miles N. W. of
Orangeburg, and 5 miles N. of Orangeburg, S. C. ; Ft. Gaines, Ga.
Corbula compressa Lea, PI. 57, Figs. 1-6
C. coinpressah^SL, pai'iim,Qox\i. to Geol., 1833, P- 47- P^-i- ^S- ^5'
C. perdubia de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 233, pi. 36,
figs. 31-32.
C. compressa &nd perdubia Cossm., Notes Compl., 1893, p. 6.
Lea's original description. — Shell triangular-ovate, compressed,
equilateral, inequivalve, concentrically and finely striate on both valves ;
beaks slightly elevated, incurved ; umbonial slope with a double carina on
the right valve, and a single one on the left ; cicatrices not distinctly
marked ; cavity of the beaks shallow.
Diam .1, Length .2, Breadth 5-20 of an inch.
Observations. — Not easily confounded with the preceding species,
\_gibbosa'] being smaller and having both valves similarly striate.
There is considerable doubt in the mind of the writer as to
what name should be applied to this very small species of Corbula
at Claiborne. Lea's types as preserved in the Academy's collec-
tions contained a mixture of compressa, as we understand the
term, murchisoni, and alabamiensis. His figured specimen we
fear is but a mutation of alabamiensis and the dimensions he as-
signs for the "breadth" of the specimen is quite too large for
our species. The name too, compressa, for adult forms is quite
misleading, in fact contradictory, it would seem, to the expres-
sion ''umbonial slope with a double cariiia on the right valve' \ Yet
his "observations" show he had in mind a small species quite dis-
tinct from all others, and his types include this among others,
1 88 Bulletin 31 188
so we are inclined to adopt the name compressa for this particular
species. De Gregorio illustrates well the 3'oung stage of this
species (as perdubia) but he too indicates that its size is too
great.
When specimens are j^oung there is generally a flatness, a
broadness of posterior, a forward curving of the beak reminding
one (when viewed under the microscope) of Venus rileyi. The
valves are not distinctly dissimilar when young. The senile
stage, not often represented, shows a thickening, a geniculating
medially, an increase in regularity and strength of the growth
lines, a sharpening of the posterior sub-margin and a channel on
the post-umbonal slope (shown best on decorticated specimens.)
We strongly suspect that Dall had in hand some representa-
tives of this species along with others and classed them as C {Cu-
neocorhda) gregorioi (Trans. Wag. Ill, p. 843) in 1895. He re-
gards our smithvillensis as synonymous with gregorioi. His in-
terpretation of /^r^z/^m (op. cit. p. 844) is not clear, owing to
lack of illustrations and to the fact that three-fourths of his
"Jackson Eocene" localities are really St. Maurice.
Type.—VMxXd.. Acad. Coll.
Horizon. — Claiborne Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Museum Cornell Univ.
Locality. — Claiborne, (sand bed) Ala.
Corbula smithvillensis Harris, Pi, 57, Figs- 10-17
C. aldrichi vax . smithvillensis Har., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895,
p. 52, pi. 3, fig. 5, a.
C. rugosa Heilp., non Lam., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1890, p. 401.
C. {Cuneocorbula) gregorioi Dall, non Cossm., Trans. Wag., Ill, 1895,
p. 843-
Harris' original characterization. — The variety is larger than the
typical form, the beak in the left valve more nearly central ; right valve
proportionally higher ; radiating lines generally obsolete.
It is very difficult for the present writer to undersand how
Heilprin could have confounded this form with 7'ugosa Lam. or
how Dall could have regarded it as Q.ossmo.mi's gregorioi.
The umbones of the valves in smithvillensis are generally
189 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 189
smooth ; the strong concentric liration begins medially or basal-
ly, generally. But in rugosa it is the earliest stage of the left
valve that shows lirations, while below the shell is generally
smooth. It is also longish and has the aspect of the left valve of
the mufr/iiso7ii stock. The rotund, short, left valve of sniithvill-
cnsis is scarcely to be distinguished from the left valve of aldrichi.
The radiating lines of the latter species, however, are generally-
wanting. The illustrations on pi. 57 show these various charac-
ters. As already stated, gregorioi seems to be an inflated, nasute
alabamieyisis if Cossmann's figure is at all correct.
The type of smithvillensis was rather unusually large and
smooth as published in the Proc. Phila. Acad., as noted above.
Corrugations are apt to cover a greater portion of the shell.
There is always something of an umbonal ridge, but in many
Louisiana specimens it is not at all prominent. Some remark-
ably large, senile, right valves of compressa have the outline and
superficial resemblance to dwarfed right valves of smithvillensis.
But the umbonal regions show marked differences : compressa
shows there a flattening, a well-defined concentric striation, and
a longish form approaching in characteristics its own left valve,
while smithvillensis is nearly smooth, nearly round, inflated, or
semispherical. Some older right valves of smithville7isis, if unus-
ually high and rugose, bear a striking resemblance to the Jack-
sonian wailesiana. One has only to glance at the respective
left valves to see that the two species are very far apart genet-
ically.
Type. — Texas State Museum.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Speciviens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Smithville, Bastrop Co. ; Burleson Shell Bluff
on Brazos River ; 2 miles E. of Alto, Cherokee Co., Mosley's
Ferry, Brazos River ; Cedar Creek, Wheelock League. Robert-
son C. ; Elm Creek, Robertson Co. ; Berryman's Land, Chero-
kee Co. ; Alum Bluff, Trinity River, Houston Co., 2 miles S. of
Mt. Selman P. O. ; i mile N. of Nevilles, Gonzales Co. ; 15
miles S. E. of Nacodoches, Nacodoches Co. ; Tex. Sabine
igo BuLi^ETiN 31 190
River ; Mt. Lebanon, Winnfield (1000 feet deep in well), La.
Near Enterprise, Miss.
Corbula texana Gabb, PI. 57, Figs. 24-28
C. texana Gabb, Jour. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d Ser. , vol. 4, p. 386,
pi. 67, fig. 54-
C. texana Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, pt. 4, p. 845, 1898.
Gabb' s original description. — Inflated, subtriangnlar, thick, umbones
large ; right valve marked by numerous large transverse ribs ; umbonal
slopes rather abrupt ; basal margin regularly rounded ; left valve ?
Dimensions. — Length .3 in., width .38 in., depth of right valve .15 in.
Common. I have seen numerous specimens of the right valve but none
of the left.
The left valve is considerably smaller than the right, nearly
smooth ; long-quadrangular in outline ; marked by two or some-
times three folds radiating from the beak.
This species seems but distantly related to any other Amer-
ican Eocene type. A few of its markings recall nmrchisoni, but
it is only half the dimensions of that species, its right valve has
nothing of the characteristic, even lirations of the latter having
only fine lines and great irregular breaks in the exterior surface.
Both valves are very much shallower than in murcJiisoni. On
the left valve, however, there are very distinct radiating folds :
on niurchisoni these must be viewed in the right light, oftentimes,
in order to be seen at all. This is preeminently a Texan Mid-
Eocene form flourishing in the midst of the richest molluscan
faunas.
Corbula rugosa Lam., of the Paris Basin resembles this,
somewhat, but is more regular in surface markings, more nasute
posteriorly, and larger.
Type. — Lost. Duplicates in Phila. Acad. Mus.
Horizo7i. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Mosley's Ferry and Cedar Cr., Burleson Co. ;
A. Kimble headright, Cherokee Co. ; Sabine river, opp. S. 35,
5N., 13 W.
191 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 191
Corbula gibbosa Lea, PL 58, Figs. 1-6
C. o^ibbosa Lea, Cont. to Geol., p. 46, pi. r, fig. 14, 1833.
C. oiiiscus Con. {partini) Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. i, p. 398. pi. 4, fig. 3.
C. ignofa de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., p. 232, pi. 37, figs. 14-18.
Left valve only.
C. gibbosa de Greg., idem, p. 233, pi. 36, figs. 27-28 and 29-30? (Right
valve only).
C. gibbosa Har., Bull. Am. Pal., vol. i p. 20, 1895.
Lea's original description. — Shell very transverse, somewhat inflat-
ed, nearly equilateral, verj' inequivalve, on the right valve transversely
and distinctly striate, on the left valve transversely and minutely striate ;
beaks elevated, incurved ; umbonial slope with a double carina on the
right valve, and on the left a single carina and indistinct fold. Cicatrices
not distinctly marked ; cavity of the beak rather deep.
Diam. .2 Length .3 Breadth .5 of an inch.
Observation. — This species has some resemblance to the murchisoni,
but differs in being more transverse, in being more produced behind, in
having a more obtuse carina, and in being less inflated,
While at first there may seem to be a little superficial resem-
blance between this species and mtirchiso7ii, especially in the
heavy liration over the surface of the right valve, no one could
well confound specimens of the left valves of the two species.
The illustrations herewith given show how very distinct the
forms are.
Conrad included not only miirchisoni but gibbosa and even
the Jacksonian species from the Ouachita River, La. , under his
oniscus.
Type. — Of right valve, 5063, of left 5064 of the Phila. Acad.
Coll.
Horizo7i . — Claiborne sand .
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.
Corbula murchisoni Lea, PI. 58, Figs. 7-10, 12-15
C. oniscHS Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., Jan. 1833, vol, 23, p. 341 ; ide7n, '46,
vol. I, p. 398, (partitii) non pi. 4, fig. 3.
C. murchisoni Lea, Cont. to Geol., Dec. 1833, p, 46, pi. i, fig. 13.
C. mu7r/nsoni de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 231, pi. 37,
figs. 22-39, Pl- 38, figs. 1-13-
C. tnurckisoni Cossm. , Ann. Geol. et Pal., 1893, p. 6.
C. oniscus Dall, [partim), Wag. Inst. Sci., Ill, pt. 4, 1898, p. 843.
192 Bulletin 31 193
Lea's original description. — Shell much inflated, triangular, subbi-
angulate behind, nearly equilateral, very inequivalve ; right valve covered
with regular, large transverse ribs, which terminate at the sharp carina or
the umbonial slope ; left valve smooth or slightly wrinkled, with two or
three obscure ribs passing from the beak to the basal margin, and a linear
umbonial slope, posterior to which there is a deep fold ; beaks very large
and incurved ; tooth and pit of the left valve large ; posterior slope trun-
cated, furnished with a double carina on the right valve and a single car-
ina fold on the left. Cicatrices not distinctly impressed ; cavities of beaks
very deep.
Diam. .3, Length .5, Breadth .6, of an inch.
We prefer Lea's name for this species, for, though Conrad's
description was given a few months earlier, it does not differen-
tiate \)Li\sioTva. gibbosa ; in fact Conrad's figure in 1846 as cited
above is doubtless ,^z(^(5^5a. As late as 1865 (Am. Jr. Conch.,
vol. I, p. 3) Conrad fails to discriminate these two very well
characterized species.
This is the most conspicuous of the Claiborne sand Cor-
bulas. We have seen it from no other horizon, but Dall records
it both from the Sabine below and the Jackson above. This au-
thor is correct in regarding Gregorio's C. igiiota as simply the
smooth left valve of another species, but is evidentl}^ wrong in
referring it to inurchisoyii . For the many figures of murchiso?ii,
(both valves are given by Gregario) show plainly he knew
the species well. On the other hand, Gregorio's remarks (p.
233) and figures show he was entirel}' at a loss to know what the
left valve oi gibhosa was like. His figures of ignota are left valves
of gibbosa Lea.
This species differs from the C. wailesiana Har. of the Jack-
son Eocene by its coarser lirations, and more acute biangulation
posteriorly in the right valve ; more contracted posterior in left
valve. However, wailesiana is clearly a direct derivative of
miirchiso7ii.
It is interesting to note that while in a very young state the
two valves are similar in size and marking (fig. 12). Adult con-
ditions setting in (generally abruptly), the left valve becomes
nearly smooth, shows faint radiating undulations and furrows on
the post-umbonal slope ; while the right valve assumes the in-
193 St, Maurice and Claibokne Pelecypoda 193
flated, very corrugate form so well known in this species. Oc-
casionally the early shell cleaves off ; sometimes the exterior of
the great right valve scales away, leaving a strange looking,
smooth specimen.
Type. — Lea's figured tj'pes seem to be those we have cata-
logued as 5061 and 5062 in the Phila. Acad. Coll.
Horizon. — Claiborne sand.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.
Corbula murchisoni var. fossata, Meyer & Aid. PI. 58, Figs. II, 16-20
C. murchisoni v^x. fossata Meyer and Aldrich, Jr. Cinn. Soc. Nat.
Hist., vol. 9, p. 45. pi. 2, fig. 22, 1886.
C. fossata Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, p. 844, 1898.
Meyer and Aldrich' s original description. — Like Corbula murchisoni
Lea, from Claiborne, but the concentric ribs terminate rather abruptly at a
depressed line along the carina. Between this line and the carina there are
double the number of small concentric ribs. The form, besides, is smaller
than in Claiborne.
Newton, Wautubbee ; Lisbon, Ala.
The type specimen is from Newton. The sharp and well defined de-
pression along the carina of the umbonial slope is so striking and seems to
be so characteristic for the horizon, Newton-Wautubbee-Lisbon, that some
might consider it more practical to give to the form a new specific name.
This however would not show its close relation to Corb. murchisoni.
Dall seems to regard this as a separate species and adds
Vaughan's locality, Mt. Lebanon, La.
We now hesitate to follow the same course for there are now
a«id then to be found in the Claiborne sand, specimens of murchi-
soni of transitional form, some even quite tj'pical fossata as shown
by fig. II.
Type. — Johns Hopkins Univ. Mus.
Horizon. — St. Maurice and occasionally Claiborne.
Specimens figured. — Mus. Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Mt. Lebanon, La. Johnson's place ; 8 miles W.
of Enterprise ; Hickory ; Newton ; Wautubbee, Miss. Clai-
borne, Ala.
194 BuivLETIN "31 194
Corbula extenuata Dall, PL 58, Figs. 21-27
Corbida {fossata var. ?) extenuata Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, p. 844. pi.
36, fig. 6.
Dall defines this form in the following terms : "This differs
ixova. fossata b)^ being less high and more elongated, with two
very strong keels on the rostrum, the end of which is emarginate
between them ; the anterior keel projects below the ventral mar-
gin of the rest of the valve, with an emargination in front of it ;
the rostrum is produced, recurved, and sculptured as infossata ;
the beaks are small, pointed and incurved; the left valve is smooth
and very turgid. Long. 8, alt. 6, diam. of right valve 3.3 mm."
We are led to believe this is far enough irom/ossata to be
regarded as a distinct species, not only on account of the length
of the right valve, but especially the greater length of the left
valve (see figs. 25-27) though this seems not to be quite in har-
mony with Ball's diagnosis. The species differs from the /ossata
type very much 2iS gibbosa differs from mtirchisoni.
Type.~\J. S. Nat. Mus.
HoTizo7i. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Paleont. Mus., Cornell Univ.
Locality. — Orangeburg, S. C. (3-6 miles W. N. W.).
Panopea porrectoides Aldrich, PI. 59, Fig. i
P. porrectoides Mdr., Geol. Surv. Ala., No. i, 1886, p. 37 pi. 4, fig. 3.
Aldrich' s origitial description . — Shell thin, oblong, ventricose ; sur-
face marked by lines of growth ; anterior side expanded, posterior pro-
duced. Ventral margin nearly straight. Beaks incurved, pointed, wrinkled
bylines of growth. The posterior end widely gaping, and has a wedge-
shaped appearance. Tooth strong, blunt below, sharp above ; hinge line
short.
Zoca/zVjl'.— Baker's Bluflf, Ala. ; Ferr. sand bed.
The differences between this form and the Miocene P. porrectoides
Con., are very slight.
We have no specimens of this species from the Claibornian
stage ; but have fine casts of the interior of somewhat broad-
er, larger specimens from the silicious limestone rock above New-
195 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda . 195
bern on the Neuse River. It certainly has a very Miocenic
aspect.
So!en lisbonensis Aldnch, PI. 59, Fig. 2
►S". lisbonensis Aid., Geol. Siirv. Ala. Bull., No. i, iS86, p. 37, pi. 4,
fig. 4.
S. {Plectosofen) lisbonensis T>a.\\, Trans. Wag. Ill, 1900, p. 953.
Aldriclfs original description. — Shell linear, nearly straight ; pos-
terior sub-truncate ; anterior obliquely rounded with a depressed space be-
hind running to the beaks ; lines of growth prominent, bending at right
angles along a line running obliquely from the beaks to the junction of the
posterior and ventral margins. Anterior widely gaping. Lisbon, Ala.,
just above the Buhrstone.
Especially common in Buhrstone at Ft. Gaines, Ga.
To this speci es Dall has added a variety, op. cit., called
abruptics, characterized as follows : This form, represented by
numerous fragments, differs from Aldrich's figure by its more
abrupt anterior truncation and relatively wider valves. It will
probably, when more complete specimens are obtained, prove to
belong to a distinct species. Locality. — Clark Co., Miss.
Cultellus (Ensiculus) conradi Cossmann, PI. 59, Fig. 3
Ensiculns conradi Cossmann, Notes Supl., 1894, p. 5, pi. i, fig. i.
Cultellus iyE.) conradi T)a\\, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 958.
Cossniann's original description. — Testa depressiuscula, antice abbre-
viata ac subovalis, postice elongataet elatior; umbones parvi, haud prominuli;
cardo cum dente antico perpendiculari et dente postice sub marginem parall-
el, cicatriculamusculi anterioris, angusta, prselonga, atque radiatim impressa.
Coquille deprimee, court, r^trecie et ovale de cote anterior plus dila-
tee et allongee du cote posterieur ; le bord sup^rieur parait rectiligne, les
crotchets tres petits et a peine courbes en avant, n'y font aucune saillie.
Toute la surface est lisse, avec de faibles stries d'accroissement qui indiquent
bien la contour de la coquille complete, sur le seul fragment que je possede.
La charniere de la valve droite se compose d'une dent anterieure ^troite et
saillante, presque perpendiculaire au bord cardinal, tandisque la dent pos-
terieure forme un bourrelet parallele au bord. L'impression du muscle
adducteur est etroite et allongee : elle prend naissance centre la callosite
du rebord ant^rieur et s'etend obliquement vers le cot^ anal, marque de
petits rayons peu saillants.
196 BULI^BTIN 31 196
Longeur du fragment 7 mill. ; largeur 4 mill.
Cette espece tres interessante se distingue de E. cladarus du bassin de
Paris, par son bord cardinal plus rectiligne et par sa dent ant^rieure plus
allong^e ; I'impression musculaire prend naissance plus pres du bord an-
terieur, comme dans le genre Ctilfellus, mais elle s'etend obliquement
comme celle d' Ensiculus cladarus, quoiqu'elle soit moins pres de la char-
niere. Claiborne, ma collection.
Dall remarks regarding this species: "Specimens of this
small species have been obtained by Burns and Johnson, but
mostly in a fragmentary condition. It is easily recognized by
the curved ridge in front of the anterior scar.
There are no specimens of this species worthy of illustra-
tion in our collections.
Siliqua simondsi Harris, PI. 59, Fig. 4
^S". simo7idsi Harris, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895, p. 51, pi. 3,
fig. 2.
5". simondsi Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1900, p. 956.
Harris^ original description . — Size and general form as indicated by
the figure ; anterior acutely rounded sub-basally, posterior rounded ; from
the umbo radiate two depressions (in the cast), the anterior deep, the pos-
terior more nearly vertical and faint ; pallial line and sinus comparatively
well marked.
Type. — Texas State Museum.
I/orzzon.— ]a.ckson ? Eocene.
Locality of only specivie^i knotvn. — Dr. Williams' Quarry,
Stephenson's Headright, Brazos Co., Texas.
More material must be collected before the generic position
of this species can be definitely determined.
Martesia texana Harris, PI. 59, Fig. 5
M. texana Har., Proc. Phila. Acad, Nat. Sci., 1895, p. 53, pi. 3, fig. 6.
M. texana Dall, Trans. Wag., HI, 1895, p. 820.
Harris' original description. — General form as figured ; surface
marked by concentric lines or corrugations crossed by a radiating fold ;
anterior to this the lines are strong, but behind it they are very faint.
This speceis differs from M. elofigata Aid. , by its much greater anter-
ior development, and hence the much more central position of the radiating
fold.
197 St. Maurice and CivAiborne Pelecypoda 197
7>/»^.— The Texas State Mus. Coll.
Horizon. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Locality. — Two miles east of Alto, Cherokee Co., Te:
Phladomya claibornensis Aldrich, PI. 59, Figs. 6 10
P. daibornensis AXd.., Geol. Surv. Ala. , Bull, i, 1886, p. 38, pi. 4,
fig. 5.
P. claibornensis Dall, Trans. Wag.. Ill, 1903, p. 1531.
Aldrich'' s original description.- — Shell exceedingly thin, pearly, con-
centrically ribbed, crossed by radial lines, which are strong on the mn-
bones ; beak high, very prominent close to the anterior end of the shell,
anterior truncated abruptly ; posterier produced, flattened on the upper
part ; lunule long and narrow, smooth ; hinge raised, prominent.
This shell, as already pointed out by Dall, assumes ver}^ dif-
ferent aspects in accordances with the pressure it has been sub-
jected to in the enclosing beds. Perhaps we get the best concep-
tion of its form in specimens preserved in hard, clay ironstone as
at St. Maurice, La., where it is quite abimdant.
Type. — Aldrich Coll., Johns Hopkins Univ.
Horizoyi. — St. Maurice Eocene.
Specimens figured. — Texas State Museum, No. 452 and
Cornell Univ.
Localities. — Texas :Theree miles N. E. of Crockett, Rusk
Road, Houston Co. ; two miles E. of Alto, Cherokee Co. Louis-
iana : St. Maurice, mouth of Saline Bayou. Alabama : base of
of bluff, Claiborne ; Lisbon.
Gastroceaena larva Conrad, Ph 59, Figs, u, 12
Fistulana larva Con., Amer, Jr. Sci., vol. i, 1846, p. 212, pi. i, fig. 5.
Gastrochcena larva Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. i, 1865, p. 2.
(7a5^rofA^«a /arz'« Aid. , These Bulletins, vol. i, 1885, p. 71, pi. 6,
fig. 12.
Conrad's original description. — Ovate-oblong, ventricose ; thin
and fragile ; anterior margin short, straight, very oblique ; extremity an-
gulated ; posterior margin regularly rounded ; umbonial slope defined by
impressed lines ; concentric lines on the anterior half of the shell rough
198 Bulletin 31 198
and prominent, basal margin slightly arched.
Claiborne, Alabama.
This rare species is allied to F. clongata Desh., but is proportionally
shorter and very distinct.
The very much broken t3'pe is still in the Conradian Eocene
Collection at the Phila. Academj'.
Xylophaga ? mississippiensis Meyer, PI. 59, Fig. 13
X. ? inississippiensis Mr., Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, pt. 2, 1886, p.
46, pi. 2, fig. 24.
]\[eyer^s original description. — Globular, widely gaping in front.
Divided by a radiating line into two parts. The posterior part is convex
and covered by indistinct, distant concentric lines. The anterior part is
globularly rounded and covered by .sharp, elevated, somewhat waving con-
centric ribs, smaller and crowded on the umbonial part. Its anterior mar-
gin is reflected.
Newton.
One single specimen has been found.
In our collections there are no traces of this species.
Gastrochaena sp., PI. 59, Figs. 14, 15
Gastrochcena sp. , Meyer, Ber. ueber die Senck'b, . nat. Gesell. in
Frankf. a. M., 1887, p. 12, pi. 2, figs. 10, a.
Me3^er remarks regarding this form : "The burrow herewith
illustrated I regard as belonging to a GastrochcBna. Fig. 1 1 a
[10 a] ? shows the opening enlarged. Desha3^es figures a seem-
ingl}' similar tube as belonging to Gastrochcena ampidlaria Lam.
"Conrad has described from Claiborne a Gastrochcsna larva.
Besides, I have had a specimen of another species from Claiborne
in my collection for a long time named Gastrochcena subbipartita,
n. sp. It is characterized like Gastrochcsna bipartita Wat. by an
umbonal furrow dividing it into two parts. I have not illustrated
the .species as it is possible better material may be obtained."
We herewith copy Meyer's illustrations as so far we have
found no good specimens of the species.
199 St. Maurice and Ci<aiborne Pra.ECYPODA 199
Teredo simplex Lea, PI. 59, Fig. 16
T. simplex Lea, Cont. to Geol.. Dec. 1833, p. 38, pi. r, fig. 6.
Lea's oris^inal descripfion. — vShell thick, slightly curved, smooth ex-
teriorly, tapering.
Observations. — Possessing but two or three fragments of the shell, it
is impossible to make a perfect description. It differs from the navalis
(Lam.) in the substance of the shell being thicker, and from the tibialis
of Morton in being less thick, the cavity of the shell being very small. It
has no transverse stride like the antenaiitce of Sowerby.
We have noted various, somewhat larger tubes of this Clai-
bornian bluff t3^pe, but none in which the true shell was pre-
served.
Type. — No. 5019* ,Lea Coll. Phila. Acad.
Horizo7i. — Claiborne Eocene.
Teredo Simplexopsis de Gregorio, PI. 59. Fig- 17
Teredo simplexopsis de Greg., Mon. Faun. Koc. Ala., i8qo, p. 236, pi.
38, figs. 26, a, b.
Gregorio' s original description. — Testa tubulosa, cylindrica, potius
tenuis, fere recta ; extremitate clausa, rotundata, non autem dilitata.
Au pr^alable, j'avais r^fere cette espece a la Teredo si?nplex Lea ;
mais en suite, ayant examine quelqueexemplaires de cette derniere espece,
je me suis apercuqu'ils appartenaient au genre Serpida. Notre espece est
beaucoup moins 6paisse ; son interieur est moins restrinct. La coquille
garde encore un certain couleur rougeatre.
Regarding this species Dall remarks (Trans. Wag., Ill, p.
813) that de Gregorio has identified what he (G.) regards asa 5rr-
pula tube from Claiborne, with Lea's species, and for the true
Teredo tubes which occur in the Claiborne sands has proposed
the name of Teredo simplexopsis, w^hich probably may have to
be regarded as a synonym of Teredo simplex, while the Scrpvla
will need a new name.
*No, 5020 is a more irregular form of like dimensions.
200 Bulletin 31 aoo
Astarte (Goodallia ?} americana Dall, PI, 32, Fig. 30
Astarte {Goodallia) americana Dall, Trans. Wag., Ill, 1903, p. 1496,
pi. 56, fig. 5.
DalVs origiyial description. — Shell small, compressed, nuculoid in
form, anterior slope short, directly descending, posterior longer, arcuate ;
base arcuate, beaks low, lunule lanceolate, impressed, escutcheon obscure ;
surface finely concentrically striated ; hinge of left valve with two diverg-
ing cardinals, inner margin smooth. Length 4.0, height 3.25, diameter
1.5 mm.
A single, somewhat worn left valve is all that we possess of this spe-
cies. The form is very different from that of the Parisian species, but the
hinge appears to be the same, the anterior tooth having been broken off
and only its base remaining. The pallial line is certainly unsinuated, and
taking all the circumstances into consideration it seems probable that this
species should be referred to Goodallia, though it has somewhat the aspect
of a Leptonaceous shell.
Eocene of the Claiborne sands, Claiborne, Ala.
Our Claiborne collections have furnished no additional spec-
imens of this little species. Hence we have reproduced Ball's
illustration and have quoted his description verbatim.
The following names, in addition to those mentioned as syno7iyms
in the foregoing text, may ivell be deleted from Eocene literature
Amara {Corbula, Tiza) de Greg. Base on description of
Conrad's C a//a, Vicksburgian. Mon. Faun., &c., p. 234.
Bilineata {Cardita) Tuome}', Geol. S. C, '48, p. 153, 7iom.
nud.
Camera {Ostrea) Tuomey, Geol S. C, '48, [p. 154, nom.
mid.
Callosa {Astarte') Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. &c., p. 39, indeter-
minable.
Ebla (var. Ast. tellinoides) de Greg., Mon., &c., p. 199 ;
individual var.
Estiva {Thracia) de Greg., Mon Faun., &c., p. 230 ; un-
recognizable cast, doubtfully Eocene.
Gigantissima {Ostrea) Finch, See Harris' Reprint of Con-
rad, p. [77].
20I St. Mauricp: and Claiborne Pelecypoda 201
Igiius (var. oi Glycyvicris ddtoideus) de Greg., Mon. Faun.,
C\:c., p. 195 ; individual mutation.
Lcvta ( (9^/rc^? ) de Greg. , Mon. Faun., &c., p. 176 ; young
scllcrformis.
McCordia {Cjthcrca) Ruffin ; see Tuomey's Geol. S. C, '48,
]). 154, norn. mcd.
Mittens (var. Curdiuni diversum) de Greg., Mon. Faun.
Eoc, &c., p. 215 ; Vicksburgian individual.
Precuneata (var. Glycymeris deltoideiis) de Greg., Mon.
Faun., &c., p. 194 ; indiv. var.
Pitua {Asfarte) de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc, &c., p. 200 ;
doubtfullj' Eocene.
Politus (Lit/iodom?is) Tuoniey, Geol. S. C, '48, p. 154; nor/i.
nud.
Postsiilcata (var. Lucina impressa) de Greg., Mon. Faun.,
&c. , p. 203 ; indiv. var.
proruta {Astarte) Con., Foss. Shells, &c., p. 38 ; unrecog-
nizable.
Roperiayia (Pholas) Tuomey, Geol. S. C, '48, p. 155 ; 7iom.
II ud.
Silicea {Penia) Tuoniey, Geol. S. C, p. 155 ; nom. nud.
Subcuneata (var. Mad. parilia) de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc,
p. 228 ; indiv. var.
S2iblc£vigata (var. Ludna parilis) de Greg., Mon. Faun.,
Eoc, p. 203 ; indiv. var.
Striatus [vox . Glycymeris deltoideiis) A& Greg., Mon. Faun.
Eoc, &c., p, 194 ; indiv. var.
Symetrica (var. Gratelupia hydana) deGreg. , Mon. Faun.,
&c., p. 221 ; young specimen.
202
BULIvETlN 31
202
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
Note. — Unless some statement is made to the contrary., it may be as-
sumed that the specimens from which these illustrations were made are now
deposited in the Paleontological Laboratory at Cornell University.
Figure
Ostrea alabamiensis Lea
Adult from Claiborne, Ala.
rad, "(?. claibornensis Con.
PLATE I
Page
X % . This is the form labelled by Con-
, in the Philadelphia Academy Collection.
PI. 1, No. 31, Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. »
PI. 2, No. 31, Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 2
203 St. Maurick and Claiborne Pklhcypoda 203
PLATE 2
Figure Page
1-3. Ostrea alabamiensis Lea, Claiborne 9
Fig. I, X I. Young, thin specimen.
2, X I, showing some contraction with lamellate and divaricate
sculpture.
3, usual adult form, showing distortion and diseased condition.
204 Bulletin 31 204
PLATE 3
Figure Page
Ostrea alabaviiensis (var. contracta) Con 9
Showing j-oung, Anoviia-liVie stage oi a/a/xufiidisis, divaricate epider-
mis, with lamellation somewhat as mfrionis ; general form and size of
geogiana, contracted beak of contracta ; X 2-3, Shell ?>luff, Cra. Jnck-
son Eocene.
PI. 3. No. 31, Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 3
I
PI. 4 No. 31.
Bull. Amer. Pal.
Vol. 6. PI. 4
305 St. Maukick and Claiborne Pp:LKcvponA 205
PLATE 4
Figure Page
Ostrea \?ir. coiifrada Con., X ^ 9
From "above Roma, Starr Co., on the Rio Grande, Tex." Texas
State Mus. Coll. Probably Jacksonian age.
2o6 Bulletin 31 206
PLATE 5
Figure Page
1. Ostrea alabamiensisvds. frionisYLox., X % 9
San Miguel Cr., S. E. corner of Frio Co., Tex., below De Viller's
ranch. Texas State Museum, No. 1710.
2. O. a/abaiiiiensis Lea X Yz ; form caW^d gt'ori^i ana. Shell Bluff, Ga.,
C. U. Mus. No. 34,048. While young showing characteristics of al-
abaniiensis with frionis-WV^ plications, and when adult having
typical rc7;//'rat"/rt-like umbones ; sKx^oi georgiana. Jackson Eocene.
3. O. alabamiensis var. X i ; young and thin with traces of plica-
tions ; Burleson Shell Bluff of Penrose's report, Brazos River ; one
mile below Milam-Burleson Co. line. Texas State Museum, No. 55
PI. 5. No. 31, Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 5
PI. 6. No. 31. Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 6
ao7 ^T. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 207
PLATE 6
Figure Page
I. Ostrea alabaviicnsis Lea X i 9
Young, showing radii and beginnings of plications. Claiborne,
Ala.
2-\z. O. sellcefori7iis Conrad, X i
Young, showing both valves and various stages of posterior
flexure. Base of bluff at Claiborne, St. Maurice stage.
5. Represents a young specimen with concentric growth-lines
well developed in comparison with the strength of the radii,
var. Icsta de Greg., p. 201.
2o8 Bulletin 31 208
PLATE 7
Figure Page
Ostrea sellcefonnis Con., x % 11
Adult from the base of Claiborne Bluff; St. Maurice stage.
PI. 7 No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal.
Vol. 6, PI. 7
PI. 8, No. 31, Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 8
• /fif
• U^-^-
*--#"
ao9 St. Mattrick and Claibornt; Pelecypoda 209
PLATE 8
Figure Page
Ostrea sellafonnis vax. smithvillensis 'H.ar., X j{ 11
From Sniithville, Tex.
2IO Bulletin 31 aio
PLATE 9
Figure Page
1-6. Ostrea sellcrformis \ax. /isbonrfisis Harris 12
About natural size ; showing thick, heavy shell and Avicu-
loid form ; Chestnut, La. St. Maurice stage.
7. O. sti/cp/on/iis var. dtvaHcafa liea 12
From Newton, Miss.
/^ H\ O. sellcrformis var. verniilla de Greg 12
Bienville Parish, La.
PI. 9, No. 31
Bull. Amer. Pal.
Vol. 6, PI. 9
PI. 10. No. 31, Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 10
211 St. Maukich and Claiborne Pelecypoda»
PLATE lO
Fij^ure Page
i-io. Ostrea vicksburgensis var. ludovidana, n. var 14
About natural size ; showing form and markings of both
valves. Figs. 2 and 6 from Natchitoches, others from Chestnut,
La.
I J- 15. Ostrea johnsoni Aldrich 15
About natural size. 11-13, Caton's Bluff,Ala. 15, Lisbon, Ala.
212 Bulletin 31 912
PLATE II
Figure Page
1-3. Anomia ephippioides Gahh, X. 2 16
Figs. 1-2, from Sabine River ; 3 from East Texas. Harris Coll.
4,5. Anomia ?iavire/hides Aid. var. /iam)/irffi Har 18
Fig. 4 is 19 X 15 mm., 5 is 14 x 13 mm. From Hammett's
Branch, L,a. See also pi. 12, figs, i and 2.
6-8. Afiojnia lishonensis k\6.. X i 17
Fig. 6 from Lisbon, 7 and 8 from base of Claiborne Bluff,
Ala. ; 9 and 10, from Ivouisiana. 9 and 10 X 3.
PI. 11. No. 31, Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. II
PI. 12. No. 31, Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 12
213 St. Maurick and Claiborne Pelrcvpoda 213
PI.ATE 12
Fii^re Page
I, 2. Anoniia navicelloides var. hanimetti Har., 20 x 14 tnm 18
Exterior and interior of upper valve ; Hammett's Branch, La.
3-8. Plicatnla filamentosa Con., X 2 18
Claiborne sands, Claiborne, Ala.
9-12. P.fil. var. coticentrica Dall, X .2 19
Columbus, Tex,
13-16- P. fil. yar. plavata AXA., X2 19
Wautubbee, Miss.
17. The same, enlarged about 4 times ; Hickory Miss.
-?I4 EUIXETIN 31 2, '4
PLATE 13
Figure Page
1. Pt'den deshayesi 'L&a,\ar., X2 iq
This seems to be a variety of dcshayesi, but larger, more circu-
lar in outline, slightly less ventricose in the umbonal region,
with a greater umbonal angle and more orderl}- costation than
the usual deshayesi. The specimen is stained reddish and
doubtless came fronv the Sciitclla layer just atove the "sand".
2. Peden deshayesi, X Y^ 20
Left valve of the lyelli type, rare.
3, 7. The most common type of Pcdcn at Claiborne ; heights 17 and
25 mm. ; the one to which Lea gave the name of lyelli.
4, 5. Peden deshayesi Lea ; X 2 ; portions of left valves.
6. Peden deshayesi h*ia. ; X 1.6. Much like the type specimen
though showing imbricate sculpture much more definitely, but
with less pronounced intercostal ribbing.
8. Peden sp., X 1.5, "worn" valve oi deshayesi as interpreted by
authors. Its orbicular form, lack of agreement in most all re-
•spects with the ordinary right valves of this species, generall}'
called lyelli would seem to place such forms in another species.
Possibly these smooth-ribbed forms had better bereferrei to a
variety of our cazccaivensis.
All the above are from Claiborne, Ala.
PL r3, No. 31,
Bui!. Amer. Pal.
Vol. 6. PI. 13
PL 14. Mo. 31,
3ull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. U
^.a-'-v . 'f^
'■^ %kA
215 vSt. Maurice and Claibornk Prlecypoda 21
Fioure
PI.ATK 14
Page
1. Pedcn 7i.'ant.:ibbca!ius Dall, X 2 .^ 21
Right valve, common form, showing tripartite subdivision of
ribbing near the basal margin ; lack of strong ribbing over
nmch of the surface of the valve. Wautubbee, Miss.
2. The same, X 2 ; showing well defined but unornamented rib-
bing in umbonal region. Hickory, Miss.
3. The same, X 2, left valve. Notice the simple ribbing till the peri-
pheral region is reached ; also the well marked ornamenta-
tion of ribs throughout. Hickory, Miss.
4. The same, right valve ; X 1.5 ; interior.
5. Variety oi icaufubbianus, X 1.6 23
Large, very thin, with dual subdivision of costte. From the
basal beds, Claiborne Bluff.
6, 7. Variety wilkoxi Dall, X 3 23
From specimens furnished by the U. vS. Nat. Mus. , from "Fo-
cene, Clark Co., Ala."
8. Variety caz«<fz Harris, X 2.2 24
Right valve, from Wautubbee, Miss.
9. Peden pulchricosta lAx. and Aid., X 2 24
Showing characteristics mentioned by the describers. Wautub-
bee, Miss.
10. The same, X 2.5, left valve, showing characteristictics men-
tioned by Dall (Tr. Wag., p. 730). Wautubbee, Miss.
n. Pedeti {darkeanusf var. ) burlesotiensis, n. var., X 2 26
From a specimen furnished by the U. S. Nat. Mus. , from
"Black Bluff Shoals", Brazos River, Texas.
12. The same, X 1%. From "Burleson Bluff", Brazos River, Te.x.
13. The same, X lYz. From .^"Collier's Ferry", Brazos River,
Texas State Museum specimen.
2i6 Bulletin 31 216
PLATE 15
Figure Page
1. Peden cazucazvensis, n. sp., X 1.5 27
From a gutta-percha squeeze of the umbonal region of a
right valve.
2. The same, surface markings more distinctly shown.
The same, X 1.5, right valve showing some of the exterior.
The same, X1.5, portion of the surface of a right valve showing
surface in fair state of preservation.
The same, X 1.5. interior impression of left valve.
The same, X 1.5, fragment showing exterior characteristics of
large left valve.
The same, X i.i, showing exterior of left valve about the peri-
phery. All the above are from near Cawcaw Swamp; S. C.
Pedefi dat'keanus Aid., X 1.5 25
The same, specimens loaned by Aldrich from the type local-
ity, Sowilpa Cr., Ala.
10-13. Peden darkeaniis hXdi., X 1.8, var 26
Showing form, size, character and variation in surface mark-
ing. Hamilton Bluff, Ala.
14. Peden sdntillatus Q.o\\., X2.8 28
From the Jackson beds of Miss. Here inserted for compari-
son with the following :
15. Peden scinfillatus \&r. corneoides, n. var., X i 28
Left valve.
16. The same right valve. Both valves from St. Maurice, La.
17. Atnussiiun squamuliDn Lam. ?, X 4 28
18. The same, X 4, cast of hinge area, opposite, or right valve.
From Negreet Bayou.
18 a. The same, X 6, showing well preserved exterior markings.
PL 15, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 15
/Sa
PI. 16, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal.
Vol. 6. PI. 16
217 St. Maurice and Claibounk Pelecypoda 217
PLATE 16
Figure Page
1-2. Lima harrisiana A\d., X i '4 ; Winn Parish, La 29
2-3. Pteria linnila Conrad, natural size 29
Showing hinge, thickening of shell in adult, muscular scars
and general outline of the valves. All from 'the Clai-
borne "sand".
8-11. Pinna gravida, i\. s^., natural size 30
Showing outline, cross-section and surface markings so far as
known. From St. Maurice, La.
12.13. Surface markings of P. caw<~a:vensis, enlarged ; see next plate.
2i8 Burj.STiN 31 318
PLATE 17
Figure Page
1. Phma cazi'cawensis, n. sp., natural size 31
2. The same ; imprint of exterior, showing markings. Specimens
from 5 mi. N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C.
3. Modiolus cawcawetisis, r\.. &^.y SiQovA. wa.\.\xx2\ size 31
Imprint of exterior, showing markings.
4. The same ; cast showing size and general form. Columbia
road, 5 mi. N. of Orangeburg, S. C.
5, a. Modiolus {Mauricia) hcustonius Har., 5a , X 3 32
From type specimen ; 3 mi. N. E. of Crockett, Houston .
Co., Tex. Now in Tex. State Univ. Coll.
6. Modiolus texanus Gabb 32
Imprint of exterior from near Redland, La. Now in the Nat-
ional Museum.
7. The same, showing "dentition" anteriorly. Enlarged about
4 diam.
8. Perhaps the same, from near Georgetown, Ga.
9. Modiolaria alahamiensis Mr., X 7 33
Copy of Meyer's figure.
10. Lithophaga claibornensis Con., X3 34
Aldrich's figure.
11. The same from Conrad's original figure.
12, 13. Lithophaga petricoloides (Lea) 34
From de Gregorio.
14-16. Crenella latifrons Con. X 4 34
Claiborne specimens from U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
17-20. Crenella margaritacea Con., X 4 35
21-24. Crenella isocardioides Lea, X 4 3^
PI. 17, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 17
PI. 18, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pai. Vol. 6. PI. 18
219 St. Maurick and Claiboknk Pelecypoda« 219
ptATp: 18
Fisnre Pajre
1-7. Liniopsis aviculoidcs Con 36
Fig. I, 8 mm. , St. Maurice, La.
2, II mm., Hickor)-, Miss.
3, 8 mm., St. Maurice.
4, 7.5 mm., St. Maurice.
5, 5.5 mm., St. Maurice.
6, 5.5 mm., Claiborne.
7, 5.5 mm., Claiborne, Ala.
8. Trinacria cuneus (Con.), 7.5 mm 37
9. The same, enlarged, showing hin;.^e. From Claiborne, Ala.
10, a. Trinacria Icdoidcs I^ilr. , 5 mm 38
Claiborne, Ala.
11-14. Trinacria pulchra Gabb 40
Fig. II, 13 mm., Smithville.
12, 12 mm., Smithville.
13, 12 mm., Smithville, Tex.
14,. 3.5 mm., near Chautauqua, F.a.
15, 16. 'T. pnlckra, \&r. sabinica^n. \2.r 41
F^g- I5i 3-5 ™in-. ^It. Lebanon.
16, 7 mm., Sabine River, La.
17. Trinacria decisa Conrad 41
Copy of Conrad's figure.
18, a. T. decisa var. Carolina, n. var., 11 mm 42
19. T.decisavar. abbrez'iuta, n. var., 14.5 mm 42
6 mi. W. N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C.
220 BUL,I,ETIN 31 aaO
PLATE 19
Figure Page
1. THnacria decisa Conrsid. 18.5 mm 41
2. The same, 20 mm. Both from base of Claiborne Bluff, Ala.
3-6, Trinacria declivis Conrad 42
Fig. 3, 18 mm.
4, 21 mm., base of Claiborne Bluff.
5, 8.5 mm., Lisbon.
6, 18 mm., Lisbon, Ala.
7, a. Trinacria pedimcularis 'Li&di, 4 mm 42
8, a. The same, 4.5 mm. Claiborne sand.
9, a. Trinacria ovalis Harris, 12 mm 43
Base of Claiborne Bluff, Ala.
10, a. Trinacria perplana Qonradi, 16 mm 43
II. The same, 13.5 mm. Claiborne sand.
12-15. THnacria ellipsis Lea 44
Fig. 12, 10 mm.. Claiborne sand.
13, 7 mm.
14, 9 mm.
^5. 10-5 mm., Claiborne sand.
16, 17. T. ellipsis, var lisbonensis, n. var 45
Fig. 16, 8 mm.
17, 7 mm., Lisbon, Ala.
PI, 19, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 19
PI. 20, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal.
Vol. 6. PI. 20
■ ^['■L\:..fSi^ ^
%
X
z^-
^>., > u..^
■iji
I
•^
a2i St. Maurice and Claibokni-: Pelrcvpoda 221
PLATE 20
Figure Page
I, 2. Triuacria cossviatnii Dall 45
Fig. I, 9 mm., Claiborne.
2, 8.5 mm,, Claiborne.
3, a. Triuacria {Pachecoa) cainei, n. s'g. & .sp., 9.5mm 46
4-8. (ilycytiieris staminea Conrad 46
Fig. 4, 44 mm
5, 45 mm.
6, 15 mm.
7, 14 mm.
8, X 4, Claiborne.
9-11. CilycYuieris idonca Conrad 47
Fig. 9- 35 mm.
10, 36 mm.
11, 6 mm.
12-15. (rlycy)iieris lisbonenis, n. sp 48
Fig. 12, 36 mm.
13, apical view of a young specimen, 6.7 mm,
14, 8 mm.
15, 37 mm., I^isbon, Ala.
Bulletin 31 25l«
PLATE 21
Figure ^
1-7. Clycymeris trigonclla Con 49
Fig. I, II mm., Claiborne sand,
2, lo mm., Claiborne sand.
3, var. minor ^ 14 mm., Claiborne sand.
4, (young), 5 mm., Claiborne sand.
5, a, var. 'cuautubbeaiia, 8 mm., Mi.ssissippi var.
6, var. minor, 9 mm. , Claiborne sand.
6, the same, 10 mm.
8-10. Clycymeris sabinensis, n. sp 5i
Fig. 8, 6 mm.
9,8 "
10. 5-5 " Sabine River.
11-17. Area rhomboidella Lea 5^
Figs. 11-13, Claiborne sand forms.
11, 17 tnm.
12, 22 "
13, ( inside view of fig. i , pi. 22. )
14, Orangeburg, S. C, specimen. 30 mm.
15-17, var. subseopula, n. var., Lisbon specimens.
15, 30 "
16, 17, 28.5 mm.
PI. 21, No. 31
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 21
PI 22. No. 31,
Bu^. Amer. Pal.
Vol. 6. PI. 22
823 St. Maurice and Claibornb Prlrcypoda 223
PLATK 22
Figure Page
I. .lira r/iof>iL)oide//a hea, ^6 mm 51
An adult Claiborne sand specimen, figured somewhat less
than natural size but showing characteristic markings. For
interior, see pi. 21, fig. 13.
2-4. Area rhom., \a.r. parsaba, n. var 52
Fig. 2, 7.5 mm.
3, 6.5 mm.
4, 5.5 mm., Sabine River, La. -Tex.
5-7. Area vaiig/iani Casey 53
Fig. 5, 15 mm.
6, 13 "
7, 10 mm., from St. Maurice.
8-16. Byssoarca {ciiciiUoides f)y wat. fudoTiciana, n. vav 54
Fig. 8, 1 1.5 mm.
9, 13 "
[O,
16 "
II.
6 "
12,
15 "
13.
7 "
14,
13 "
15.
.31 "
16,
32 "
from the Sabine River, La Tex.
17. Byssoarca ciictdloides Con., 55 mm.... 54
Type, Phila. Academy Coll. Jacksonian.
18. Area reticulata Gmel., 14 mm 55
From Newton, Miss.
19. The same ; 10 mm.
20. Area aldrichi Dall, 8 mm 55
Claiborne.
21. Area harrisi Sheldon, 5 mni 56
Specimen probably in Coll. Johns Hopk. Univ.
224 Bulletin 31 224
PLATH 23
Figure Tage
1-4. Leda semen Lea 57
Fig. I, 8.5 mm., Lisbon.
2, 7 mm., Claiborne sand.
3, 8 mm., Claiborne sand.
4, 6 mm., 6 mi. W. N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C.
5-6. Leda seminoides Aldrich 57
Fig. 5, 15 mm., Lisbon.
6, 17 " Lisbon.
7-9. Leda ccelata C.onTa.d 57
Fig. 7, 12 mm., Claiborne.
8, 22 " Claiborne.
9, 25 " Claiborne.
10. Leda coelaioides, n. sp. , 13 mm 58
Wautubbee, Miss.
11-12. Leda multilineata Conrad 58
Fig. II, II mm., Wautubbee.
12, 12 mm., Wautubbee.
13. I^eda houstonia Harris, 6 mm 59
Trinity River, Tex. ; Tex. State Mus.
14-17. Leda plana Lea 60
Fig. 14, 32 mm., 17 mi. above Newbern, N. C.
15, X 6 ; Claiborne.
16, 5 mm., Baker's Bluff, Ala. Aldrich Coll.
17, 4,2 mm., Baker's Bluff, Ala. Aldrich Coll.
Figs. 16 and 17 are the so-called piilcherrima of Lea's Con-
tributions.
18-19. Leda trumani, n. sp 61
Specimen 32 -\- in length ; from the St. Maurice clays at the
base of Claiborne bluff.
20.23. L^eda opulenta Conrad 62
Fig. 20, about 40 mm. Claiborne sand.
21, umbonal area X 4, Claiborne sand.
22, cartilage pit, &c, X 4, Claiborne sand.
23, var. hauimetti^ 24 mm., Hammett's Br., La.
PI. 23, No. 31,
Buli. Amer. Pal.
Vol. 6. PI. 23
PI. 24, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 24
92$ St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 22s
PLATE 24
Figure Page
1,2. Leda opulenta, \-Ar. compsa Gahh 62
Fig- ii 35 mm., Cedar Creek, Tex. ; Tex. State Museum.
2, fragment, X 3, Louisiana.
3-7. /^ci/a magna Lea 62
FiR- 3i 15 mm., posterior portion, Claiborne sand near St.
Stephens ; Aldrich ColL
4, 9 mm., anterior portion, same place as above.
5, var. lisbonensis Aid., 39 mm., Lisbon.
6 and 7, fragments 17 mm. long, from Lisbon.
8. Leda niagnopsis, n. sp., 20 mm 64
Near Springfield, S. C.
9-10. Leda bastropensis Harris 64
Fig. 9, II mm., type, Texas State Museum.
Fig. 10, fragment, interior, enlarged, Sabine River.
11-16. Leda bella Conrad 64
Figs. II and 13, 8.3 mm., Claiborne.
12, 10 mm., Claiborne.
14, 6 " "
15, 5 '• " Aldrich Coll.
16, 9.5 " 6 mi. \V. N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C.
17-18. Leda pistorupes, n, sp 6.5
Fig. 17, 7 mm., Baker's Bluff, Claiborne hor. ; Aid. Coll,
18, 6.2 "
226 Butrl^ETlN 31 • 326
PLATE 25
Figure Page
1-4. Leda media Lea 65
Fig. I, 6.5 mm., Claiborne.
2, 9
3- 6.5 "
4,6
5, a. Leda catasarca Dall, 5 mm 66
Wautubbee, U. S. Nat. Mus.
6. Leda keitteiisis, n, sp., 7.3 mm., U. S. Nat. Mus 67
7-9. Leda crassipan'a, n. sp 68
Figs. 7-8, 4.5 mm., Lisbon.
9, 4 '• Aid. Coll.
10-14. Leda ozarkola , n. sp 68
Fig. 10, 6 mm., Hamilton Bluff.
11, 15 "
12, 15 "
13, II "
14, 20 " " "
15, a. Leda zvautubbeana, n, sp 69
Fig. 15, 4.5 mm., Wautubbee.
15- 3> 7-5 " Newton.
16. Leda zanuxemi Q.ox\., 7.2 xnvi\.^^. C. (Copy) 70
17. Leda carolijietisis Con., 12 mm., S. C. (Cop)') 70
18. Leda sitbtrig-ona Qon., 18 mm., S. C. (Copy) 70
19. Leda calcareusis Qon., ii\. mm., S. Qi. (Copy) 70
20-21. Adrana adrichiana Har 71
Fig. 20, 1.5 mm., Roberta, La.
21, 14 " Texas. (Copy) Tex. Mus.
22-23. '''Nuciila capsiopsis'' de Greg. , 5.3 mm 71
Copied from Gregorio. Claiborne. Gregorio Coll.
24. Voldia daiboi'nertsis Qon., 10 mm. (Cop}-) 72
Type lost.
25-31. Yoldia psamniotcsa Dall 72
Fig. 25, 18 mm., smooth var. , base of Claiborne bluff.
26, 21 " striate, Lisbon.
27, 22 " typ\c3.\ psammotcpa, base of bluff.
28, 25 + mm., Keitt's Ravine, S. C. U. S. Nat. Mus.
29, 18 mm. , Claiborne.
30, Var. orangebiirgeitsis, n. var. 20 mm.; 5 mi. N. of
Orangeburg, S. C.
31, the same, var. vivianensis, n. var., 14 mm., Vivian,
La.
PI, 25, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal.
Vol. 6. PI. 25
PI. 28, No. 31,
Buil. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 26
227 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda^ 227
PLATE 26
Figure Page
1-3, 8. Nucula inagnifica Conrad 73
Fig. 4, X 3, Claiborne sand.
5, 25 mm., "
6, 13 mm., " "
8, 25 "
4-6, The same, var. viauricensis, n. var 74
Fig. 4, 17 mm., Elm Cr., Tex. Tex. State Mus.
5, 15 " Base of Claiborne Bluff.
6, 15 "
7. N. niagnifica, var., 14 mm., from Hammett's Branch, L,a.
9-10. Nucula ripcs, r\. sT^., 14 mm 74
From base of Claiborne bluff.
II. A'uru/a monroensis A\d., 21 mm. (Copy) 75
12-14. Nucula ovula Lea 75
Fig. 12, 13 mm., Claiborne sand bed.
1.3, 10 •'
14, 12 " " "
15. Nucula^ sp. Miss. Undescribed.
16. Soleniya alabainiensis Har., 33 mm 76
Orangeburg Di,st., S. C.
228 Bulletin 31 328
PLATE 27
Figure Page
1-6. VencHcardia planicosta Lamarck 77
Fig. I, var. '"densata'' Con., 35 mm., I^isbon.
2, var. ^'densata'^ Con., 60 mm., base of Claiborne Bluff.
Close to the European /•/flw/Vc'j/'a, especially those ob-
tained from the Bracklesham beds of southern England.
3, the same, 40 mm ,
4, Var. '''jnooreana'" Con., 40 mm., Smithville, Tex.
5, 68 mm, Claiborne sand variety.
6, 70 " " " " This is the large, little
specialized form abundant in the Claiborne sand and
in the Jackson beds of the Mississippi Embayment. It
differs but little from some of the earliest Midway
specimens, except that it grows larger and shows an
obsolescence of costation peripherally. But this
latter feature is not shown on young specimens (see
pi. 28, fig. I.)
PI, 27. No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 27
PL 28. No. 31
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 28
329 St. Maurick and Claiborne Prlecypoda 229
PLATE 28
Figure Page
1-3. Veiieiicardia planicosta Lamarck 77
Fig. I, 60 mm., the typical primitive stock from which
many American varieties have arisen, likewise the
Pvuropean "type" of the species ; occurring at all hor-
izons from the Midway to the Jackson inclusive. Spec-
imen from the Claiborne "sand".
2, 62 mm., Claiborne.
3, the variety we have usually designated by the Greek
letter 7'', (gamma). Large (98 mm. ). From upper
Sabine and St. Maurice horizons. Referred by Dall
to hornii Gabb. Lisbon, Ala. For interior see next
plate.
4-7. I'enericardia rotunda Lea 78
Fig. 4, 20 mm,, variation with imbricate crenulation styled
\\&x^ fiDigina. Claiborne sand.
5, specimen X 4, showing character of crenulte.
* 6, 30 mm., form with few crenulations on narrow ribs,
here C3\\Q6.funicul us . From the Claiborne sand bed,
7, 28 mm., same as fig. 6, but showing the usual stage
of erosion of Claiborne sand specimens.
230 Bulletin 31 230
PLATE 29
P'igure Page
I. Venericardia planicosta vax. _^ainma 77
Lisbon. See pi. 28 for exterior.
2-8. Venericardia rotunda Lea 78
Fig. 2, 18 mm., \a.x. fungina, n. var. Claiborne.
3, 20 " var. funiculus, n. var. "
4, 19 " dorsal view. "
5, 19 " showing characteristic serration of sub-lig-
amental costae. Claiborne.
6, 14 mm. , var. approaching trapaquara Har. Wautubbee.
7, 12 " the same. Wautubbee.
8, 22 " \a.r. flahelluin, n. var. Smithville.
9, Venericardia {rotunda f, var.) coloj-adonis, n. var.,
21 mm., Smithville Tex. Whether this is more near-
ly related to the rotunda or alticostata forms we have
been unable to decide. See p. 8i.
PK 29, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 29
PI. 30, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 30
2^1 St. Maurtck and Claiijornk Pklrcypoda 2-^1
PLATE 30
Figure Page
1-5. Vencricardia alticostafa Conrad 82
Fig. I, 34 mm., form of siHutianni Lea. Claiborne.
2, 19 " a still shorter form, but showing pro-
nounced sub-ligamental costation exteriorly. Clai-
borne.
3, 41 mm., practically the form described as transversa
by Lea.
4, 48 mm., large transverse form, showing the fourth
rib below the ligamental margin to be the largest of
all on the post-umbonal slope. Claiborne.
5, 45 mm., interior of a large transverse typical Clai-
borne form.
6-9. renericardia trapaqua7-a Harris cSi
Fig. 6, 14 mm., approaching carsonensis. Wautubbee.
7, 13 " Clear Lake, La.
8, II •' type specimen. Tex. Museum.
9, X 2.5, showing crenulse well preserved. Wautubbee.
10, 13-16. i'enencardia ttatchitoches, n. sp 82
Fig. 10, 16 mm.. Natchitoches, La.
13-16, X 1-5 ., fragments showing surface and
hinge characters. Natchitoches, La.
11. Venencardia wilcoxensis Dall 85
Showing the U-shaped inter-costal spaces with well-devel-
oped microscopic granules. From the Midway Eocene at
Matthew's Landing, Ala.
12. Venericardia alticostata Conrad. Showing the narrow, al-
most V-shaped intercostal spaces with microscopic gran-
ules. Claiborne.
232 Bulletin 31 232
PLATE 31
Figure Page
1-4. I'enericardia "alncostata, var." 85
The small Woods Bluff type which might perhaps receive a
special designation. Enlarged about two-fold.
5. Venericardia complexicosta Aid. and Mr 84
Copy of the author's figure; X 1.6. Wautnbbee. Aldrich
Coll.
6. Venericardia injiatior yir 87
Copy. Enlarged about three-fold. Claiborne. Aldrich
Coll.
7. Venericardia subquadrata Con 86
Copy. Length 15 mm. Orangeburg Dist. Lost.
8. Venericardia bilineata Con 86
Copy. Length 20 mm. Orangeburg Dist. Lost.
9. Venericardia subrotunda Con 86
Copy. Length 8 mm. Orangeburg Dist. Lost.
10. Venericardia Z'iginifaria Con 86
Copy. Length 22 mm. Orangeburg Dist. Lost.
II, a. Venericardia blandingi Con ■. 86
Copy. Length 14 mm. Phila. Acad. Coll.
if-/ 12, a, b. Venericardia torjdens, w. s^ 87
Fig. 12, 5 mm., Lisbon.
a, X 5, Lisbon.
b, X 4, Lisbon.
13-16. Venericardia parva Lea, X4 88
Claiborne, Ala.
17-23. Lirodiscus sniithvillensis Harris 89
Fig. 17, 16 mm., Smithville.
18, 17 "
19, 14 "
20-23, natural size ; Collier's Ferry, Burleson Co., Tex.
PI. 31, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 31
PL 32, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 32
233 St. Maurick and Claiboknk Pelecypoda 233
PI^ATK 32
Figure Page
I a, b. L irodiscus ( Crtistuloides ) psychopteriis Dal 1 89
Fig. I, a, Copy, 20 mm., Wautubbee. V. S. Nat. Mus.
I, b, 16 mm. +, "
2, a. Lirodiscus protradus^lr.^ 10 mm 90
Copj', Enterprise, Miss., Aldrich Coll.
3. Lirodisciis protvadus ^ Dall, 6.5 mm 90
Copy. "Claiborne sand. " U. S. Nat. Mus.
4-11. Lirodiscus tellinoidcs Con., Claiborne 90
Fig. 4, 24 mm.
5, young, 5 mm.
6, 19 mm.
7, 20 "
8, 17 ' •
9- "-5 "
10, 6
11, 12
12, a. Astartc triaugnlatoides, n. sp. , 5 mm 91
Lisbon.
13. Asiarte neuseaiia, n. s'p., 18 mm 92
Neuse River, N. C.
14-17. Crassiiiella mj/ior J^ea, Claiborne 92
Fig- 14, 3-5 nini.
15, 2,5 "
16, 2 "
17, 2
18, a. Cuna parz'a hea. Claiborne 93
Fig. 18, 2 mm.
18, a, b, c, 2 mm.
18, d, e, I "
19. Ciina, \ar. subparva Mr., alt. 1.5 mm 93
Copy. Claiborne.
20, a. Cuna, \ar. fimbriata, n. var., alt. 1.5 mm. Claiborne 94
21, a. Cuna astartoides, n. sp., 1.5 mm. Wautubbee 94
22-23. Cuna ? t>iotiroensis Mr., 2 mm 94
Cop)-. Claiborne.
24-35. Microj/ierts mi nuh'ssi mus hea, 1 mm. Claiborne 95
26-29. P/euromeris aldric/ii, n. sp., 1 mm. Claiborne 95
30. Astarte {Goodallia "^) americana Dall, 4.25 mm, Claiborne sand 200
234 Bulletin 31 234
I
PLATE 33
Figure Page
1-5. Crassatellites trapaquara Harris 96
Fig. I, 55 mm., type ; Smithville, Tex.
2, 55 " Smithville ; view from above, showing lunule
and escutcheon.
3, type, and a larger Lisbon specimen ( 65 mm. )
4, 13.5 mm., young, interior. Smithville.
5, 13 " young, exterior. "
6-8. Crassatellites negreetensis, n. sp 97
Two hundred yds. below mouth of Negreet Bayou, Sabine R., La.
Fig. 6, II mm., young.
7. 13 "
8, 40 " adult.
PI. 33, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 33
PI. 34, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal.
Vol. 6, PI. 34
235 S'T- Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 235
PLATE 34
Figure Page
I. Crassatellites texanns Heilp., 30 mm 97
North Boundary of Murchison Headright, Tex. Tex. State
Museum.
2-3. Crassatellites antestriatus Gabb, 45 mm 98
Lee Co., Tex. Singley's Coll.
4. '' Crassatellites rhomboideus^^ ConrsiA, 50 mm 99
Orangeburg Dist. ? S. C.
5-6. Crassatt'llites clarkejtsis, Dall, St. Maurice, La loo
Fig. 5, 22 mm.
6, (right) 25 mm.
7, (left) 20 "
7-10. C. clarkensis var. ferrocarolinus, n. var loo
Fig. 7, 25 mm., showing well developed umbonal liration.
Three miles W. N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C.
8, (right) 22, (left) 36 mm. Three miles W. N. W. of
Orangeburg, S. C.
9, 36 mm., exterior of fig. 8.
10, 35 mm., nasute form, Orangeburg Dist., S. C.
236 BUI^LETIN 31 236
PLATE 35
Figure Page
1-5. Crassatellites protextus Conr&d, Claiborne lor
Fig. I, 45 mm., showing umbonal markings, lunule, &c.
2, 48 " right valve ; 2, a, left.
3, 40 " broad form.
4, 18 " young, showing concentric ribbing and sinu-
osity.
5, 40 mm., typical.
6. Crassaie/Mfs a/ius Conrad, Claiborne sand 104
Right valve 82 ; left, 97 mm.
PI. 35, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 35
PI. 36. No. 31. Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 36
337 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 237
PLATE 36
Figure Page
1-3. Crassatellitcs texaltus Harris 103
Fig. I, 63 mm., type, Hurricane Bayou, Tex. Tex. State
Museum.
2, 3, young specimen enlarged about 2 and 3 diameters
4-6. Crassatellites a/his Conrad, Claiborne sand 104
Fig. 4, 14 mm.
5,18 "
6, 82 "
238 Bulletin 31 238
PLATE 37
Figure Page
1-2. Scintilla alaba7nie>isis Qossmann, 9 mm 105
Claiborne sand, Cossmann's Coll. (Copy).
3, a, b. Sportella gre^orioi Cossman. Claiborne Fand 105
Fig. 3, a, 5 mm., Cossman Coll.
3, b, 4.2 " Aldrich's figure and shell.
4. Sportella alabajtiensis Pi.\dr\ch, 4 mm IC'6
Baker's Bluff, Claiborne horizon. Aldrich Coll.
5. Hindsicllafaba Meyer, 2.5 mm 106
(Copy). Aldrich Coll., from Claiborne.
6. Hindsiella, \ar. donacia Dall, 5.66 mm 106
7, 8. Erycina plicatula Dall, Claiborne sand 107
Fig. 7, 9.5 mm.
8, 6.0 "
9. Erycina zvhitjieldi Meyer, 2 mm 107
Claiborne sand, Aldrich Coll., Aldrich Coll.
10. Bornia scintillata DaW, i.js "ini 107
Claiborne sand, U. S. Nat. Mus.
11. Bornia plectopyga Dall, 4.5 mm 108
Claiborne sand ; U. S. State Mus.
12, a. Bornia dalli Cossmann, 3.5 mm 108
Claiborne sand ; Cossn.ann Coll.
13, a. Bornia isosceles, n. sp., 7.5 mm .,^-j«9^
Sloan's Scarp, Ga., U. S. Nat. Mus.
14, a. Bornia perdita, n. sp., 3 nmi 109
Sabine River, La.
15. A Iveinus minutJis 'M&y&r, 2.0mm no
Claiborne sand ? Aid. Coll.
16. A/onlacula claiborniana DaW, /[.5 mm no
Claiborne sand, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
17-21. Liicina dolabra Conrad, Claiborne sand in
Fig. 17, 8.2 mm.
18, 9 "
20, 8 and 9 mm.
21, 8 mm.
22-23. Luiina arnica Gregorio, 7.5 mm m
Claiborne ? Gregorio Coll.
24. Lucina hainatusViaW, \i, mm 112
Base of blufF, Claiborne, Aid. U. S. Nat. Mus.
25-29. Lucina carinifera Conrad., Claiborne sand 114
Fig. 25, 13 mm. ; copy of Conrad's figure. Phila. Acad. Coll.
26, 11.5 " the cornuta of Lea. " " "
(Copy).
27, 8.3 mm.
28, 7 "
29, 7.2 " Specimens of the form usually collected
at Claiborne.
PI. 37, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 37
.^
h 2.S- .-.^ife^^
23
PI. 38, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal.
Vol. 6, PI. 38
a39 ^T- MArRICE AND Cl,AII?ORNK Pp:lKCYPODA 239
PLATK 3S
Figure Page
1-5. Lucina poinilia, VAv. SDiithii Meyer 114
Fig. I. S mm, Claiborne sand, Aid. Coll. (Copy).
3-4, a, are from the Sabine formation at Wood.s BlulT
here introduced to show clearly varietal character-
istics ; 4.5 mm.
.S, 4 mm., Newcastle, Va., horizon probably St. Maur-
ice.
6-1 1. Luciua pouiilia Conrad, Claiborne sand. 115
Fig. 6, 8 mm.
7. 8 "
8. 7 "
9. 8 "
10,5.7 "
11,7 ••
i2-i6. L. poi)iHia,\a^x. rt/rvir/a Conrad, Claiborne sand 116
Fig. 12, 6 mm.
13, 6 "
14, 5 "
15, 7 "
16, 5-5 "
17-21. Liicina papyracea Conrad, Claiborne sand n6
Fig. 17, 6 and 7.5 mm.
18, 5 mm.
19, 6 '•
20, 6.5 "
21, 6 "
22-23. Liicina bisciilpta Meyer, 3.5 mm w]
Claiborne sand. Aid. Coll. (Copy).
24, a. [.ncina ozarkana Harris, 9 mm 118
From the Sabine formation at Woods Bluff, introduced to
show Woods Bluff phase of the species.
25. The same, exterior enlarged 8 diameters to show fine, radiating
sculpture.
26, a. Liicina ozarkana Harris, St. Maurice stage u8
Larger specimen (53 mm. ) from the base of Claiborne bluff ;
smaller (28), from Lisbon.
240 BUI^LETIN 31 240
PLATE 39
Figure Page
I. Lucina {Loripes) subvexa Conrad, 26 mm 119
Copy of Conrad's figure of his type specimen. Phila. Acad.
Coll. Claiborne sand.
2-5, a. L. {Loripes) subvexa QonTA^, or forms at present referred to
that species.
Fig. 2, 76 mm. ; Lisbon.
3, Small (7 mm.) highly magnified specimen from the
Sabine Eocene of Woods Bluff, showing hinge char-
acters. Same specimen as fig. 5, a.
4, 28 mm. ; Lisbon, St. Maurice horizon.
5, a, 7 mm. ; Woods Bluff specimen. Sabine Eocene.
6,7, a. Zwmw/awfl'a^a Conrad, Claiborne sand 121
Fig. 6, 43 mm.
7. 53 "
7 a, 45 "
8-9. Lua'na clatbor?tensisConT&d, Lisbon 121
Fig. 8, 36 mm.
9, 42 "
9 a, 43 mm.
PI. 39, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 39
PI. 40, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal.
Vol. 6. PI. 40
241 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 241
PLATE 40
I'Mgure Page
I, 2, a. Lucina rotunda 'L.&Si , 122
Fig. I, 28 mm.
2, 29 "
2 a, 31 " Claiborne.
3, 4, a. Cordis daiborttensis Dall 123
Fig. 3, 35 mm.
4, 31 '■
4 a, 32 -(- mm. Claiborne.
5. Cordis itndata Qonr&A, T)^rms\., Claiborne 124
6-S, a. Sp/icsrella an feprodur/a Harris 124
Fig. 6. 18 mm., type specimen, Singley Coll., Tex.
7, 24 " St. Maurice.
8, 27 "
8 a, and b, enlarged , from St, Maurice specimens.
9. Sphccrella bulla Con. A Jacksonian specimen from Bayou
Toro, La., showing difference in outline from antcpro-
duda from the St. Maurice beds.
10-14. Diplodonta uugulina Conrad, Claiborne 127
Fig. 10, 13 mm.
• II, 27 "
12, 17 "
13, 4 "
14, 5 " The latter two are greatly enlarged to
show juvenile characters.
15, 16. Diplodonta nana Lea, Claiborne •• 128
Fig. 15, 3-5 mm.
16, 5 "
17-19. Diplodonta injiata hea., Claiborne 129
Fig. 17, 10.5 mm.
18, 12
19, 16 "
20-21, a. Diplodonta corbiscula, n. sp., 4 mm., Claiborne 130
242 Bulletin 31 242
PLATE 41
Figure Page
I. Chama monroensis Aid.. 24 mm. (Copy) 130
Monroe Co. , Ala
2,3. ChaDia {monroensis ?) .Wautubbee 131
Fig. 2, 9 mm.
3. 10 "
4. Chama, sp. 19 mm., Elm Or., Tex. Tex. Mus 131
5-7. Cardium A«r;7.rz Vaughan 131
Figs. 5 and 6, type specimen, U. S. Nat Mms., 70 mm.
7, 68 mm., Lisbon, Ala.
8, 9, a. Cardium claibornense Aid. 132
Fig. 8, 33 mm. ; De Soto, Miss. Aid. Coll.
8, a. From Claiborne sand bed, X 4.
9, Collier's Ferry, Tex. Mus.
PI. 41, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 41
PI. 42, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 42
243 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 243
PLATE 42
rigure Page
I. Cardium oiiac/iiteuse, n. sp., 80 x 100 mm 132
Alabama Landing, Ouachita River, La.
2-3. ]^i'otocardia gantbrina Gabb 133
Fig. 2, 6 mm., Alum BluflF, Tex. Tex. State Mus.
3, 9.5 " var. harrisi f ; Lisbon, Ala.
4. P. nicolletti Con. Portion of exterior, X 4.3, showing transi-
tion area from medial to posterior region. The pustules are
located medially upon the radii. Jacksonian.
5. P. diversa Con., X 4.3. A similar area to that described above,
but vpith more numerous ribs and a sharper transition be-
tween posterior and medial areas. Pustules on ribs medially
located. Vicksburgian Oligocene.
6. I\ harrisi Dall, X 4.3, showing transition area as above, and
pustules located laterally upon the radii.
7-9. P. salrivaliSy n. sp., St. Maurice, La 134
Fig. 7, 12 mm.
8, 8 X 10 mm.
9. X 4.
10. Protocardia, sp. From Port Royal, Va., from a mid-Eocene
horizon ; showing a very different outline from the St. Maur-
ice specimens from the Gulf States.
11, Meiocardia Carolines Harris 135
About natural size ; Neuse River, N. C.
244 Bulletin 31 244
PLATE 43
Figure Page
I. Meretrix sylvcBvupis . n. sp., 20 mm 136
A Sabine, Woods Bluflf specimen, here incorporated to show
the development of the perovata stock more completely.
2, 3. j'l/. 52/1?'/ ;«/>ri?55a Con., Pope's Cr., Md 136
Fig. 2, 17 mm.
3,25 " from the Virginian basin, inserted to show
related members in the perovata stock.
4-7. M. nejisensis, n. sp.. Neuse River, N. C 136
Fig. 4,43 mm. ; from a gutta-percha mold, showing heavy
dentition, deep muscular impressions and sub-bi-
angular pallial sinus.
5, 33 mm., also from a mold ; abbreviated posteriorly
by disease.
6, 50 mm. ; a somewhat restored, full-grown specimen
showing form and exterior undulations.
7, 35 mm. ; showing form and umbonal liration.
7, a, 33 '■ a nearly complete silicious pseudo-morph
with nearly smooth exterior.
8, 9. AT. perovata, var. lisbonensis, n. var., Lisbon, Ala 137
10. M. neusensis wslt. approaching /»^rt»ya/a 137
Mold of a Neuse river form approaching the short subvitrea
form of perovata.
11. M. perovata, war. subvitrea de Greg., 29 mm., Lisbon 138
12-14. 3f. perovata Con., Claiborne 138
Fig. 12, 45 mm.
13. 44 "
13 a, 45 "
14- 30 "
1.5-16. AI. Diortoni Con., Claiborne 139
Fig. 15, 32 mm.
16,8.5 "
17. y)/. />i?rot'«/a, var. a/fl'r/V/n' Har., Claiborne 138
View from the anterior.
PI. 43, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 43
^
PI. 44, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal.
Vol. 6. PI. 44
345 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecvpoda 245
PLATE 44
Figure Page
1,2, 2 a. Aferetrix perovata, \a.r. ^/^/r/V/?/ Har., Claiborne 138
Fig. I, 42 mm.
2, 47 "
2 a, 45 "
3-6. M. csquorea Con., Claiborne 140
Fig. 3, 28 mm.
4, 19 "
5, 25 "
5 a, 28"
6, 12 "
7-8. M. niacheani, n. sp., 21 mm., Burke Co., Ga 140
U. S. Nat. Mus.
9-10. /)/. nuttalliopsis Heilprin, Woods Bluff, Sabine Eoc 141
Fig. 9. 34 mm.
10, 34 "
II. M. ovata, var. pyga Con., 31 mm. ; Popes Cr., Md 141
12, a. 31. tcxacola Har., Lisbon, Ala 142
Fig. 12, 31 mm.
12 a, 17 mm.
13. DI. texacola Har., 51 mm., type. Tex. State Mus 142
14 Df. texacola Har., anterior view, showing faint, rather long
lunule. Tex. State Mus.
15. iM. texacola f, 14 x 12.5 x 37 mm. ; from Keitt's Ravine,
S. C, with an outline approaching var. of subcrassa.
U, S. Nat. Mus.
246 Bulletin 31 246
PLATE 45
Figure Page
I. Meretrix lexacola, v&r., 31 mm 142
Mosley's Ferry, Brazos River. Tex. State Museum. Show-
ing abnormally developed surface markings.
2, 3. A/, texacola, var. tornadonis, n. var., 38 mm 142
From the South Fork of Hurricane Bayou, Houston Co.,
Tex. State Museum specimen.
4. M.nuttali Conrad, 44 mm. (Copy). Claiborne 143
Type in Phila. Acad. Coll.
5-7. M. nuttali, var., 67 mm. Claiborne 143
8. The same, left valve, 60 mm. Claiborne.
PI. 45. No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal.
Vol. 6. PI. 45
/X:->
PI. 46, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 46
247 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 247
platp: 46
Figure Page
I, 2. Mcrctrix cornelli Harris* 59 mm. ; Claiborne 144
Notice narrowness of lunule and lack of in-rolling of beak
in comparison with fig. 6, pi. 45.
3-5. Meretrix pouhoni Conrad, Claiborne 144
Fig, 3, 44 mm.
4 a, 5, 48 mm.
6. "■Vefius vespertina'' Qon. Copy of type specimen, 12 mm 144
Type probably lost. Western Texas.
7. Mere^-Lr sudcrassa hea., 2g mm. ; Claiborne 149
Copy from Lea's figure. Phila. Acad.
8. 3Ieretrix ''discoi'dah's" Conrad, 25 mm. (Copy). Phila. Acad. 146
9, 10. Af. trig'oniata, var. winnensts, n. var, Winn Parish, La 147
Fig. 9, 32 mm.
10,17 " Trigonal with strongly developed radiating
lines, margin crenulate.
11-13. The same, very much inflated, smooth form.
Fig. II, 29 mm.
13, 26 "
248 Bulletin 31 348
PLATE 47
Figure Page
1-3. Meretrix trigoniata h^A, tyYiycaX, Claiborne 146
Fig. 1 , 30 mm.
2, 21 "
3, 29 "
4-6. IMeretrix trigoniata.yax. hastropensis, n. var 148
Fig. 4, 16 mm., Bastrop River. Texas State Mus.
5, 4.5 " Sabine River.
6, 35 ' ■ Rio Grande. Texas State Mus.
7. "■Caryatis exigica''' Conrad. (Copy). Claiborne. 20 mm 150
8-11. dementia viercenaroidea K\di.^\i2i?,&oi Q.\2i\\>ox\\^ Bluff 151
Fig. 8, 39 mm.
9. 32 "
10, 32 "
11, 28 " +.
12-13-. Gratelupia hydana Q.on., Claiborne 152
Fig. 12, 50 mm.
13. 50 "
13 a, 52 "
14, 15. Cmnnta sancti-inauricensis, n. sp., Sabine River, 3.5 mm 152
16-19. Marcia retisciilpta Claiborne 153
Figs. 16, 17, 6 mm.
18, 19, 4.5 " Aid. Coll.
PI. 47, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, Pi. 47
PI. 48, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 48
U49 St. Maurick and Ci.aiboknk Pei>:cypoda 249
PLATE 48
Figure Page
1, 2. Petricola claiboruensis, n. sp., Claiborne, 15 mm 153
Specimen in the U. S. Nat, Mus.
3,4. Trapezium daibornense Ti2\\, ^.q viww.^ Claiborne 154
5, a. Coralliophaga claibornetisis T>a\\. (Copy). 27 mm. , Claib. 154
6. Psaniinobia blainznllei h^Si, 34 mm., Claiborne. (Copy).... 155
7. Psaiiunobiajilosa Con., 42 mm., Claiborne 155
Sketch from Phila. Acad. Type specimen.
8-11. Psammobia eborea Conrad, Claiborne sand 156
Fig. 8, 37 mm.
9, 29 "
10, II, hinge, enlarged.
12, 13. Egerella triangiilata Lea, 24 mm., Claiborne 156
14-16, a. Egerella subtrigonia Lea, Claiborne 157
Fig. 14, view from above.
15, 6 mm.
16, II "
i6a, 5 "
250 BUI.I.ETIN 31 250
PLATE 49
Figure Page
I, 2. /i^^ere//a suf>/n'g-onia heSi, hinge enlarged, Claiborne 157
3, 4. Tellina talUcheti Har., type specimen, 17 mm., Smithville 158
5. Tellina tallicheli Har., 24 mm., Lisbon.
6, a. Tellina Irumani, var. australina, n. var., 33 mm 159
From the Orangeburg Dist. , S. C.
7-11. Tellina papyria Con 159
Fig. 7, 30 mm. (Copy). Claiborne.
8, 33 " Base Claiborne Bluff.
9, 28 "
9 a, hinge enlarged.
10, 25 mm., the var. mooreana Gabb. Tex. State Mus.
11, 21 " Base of Claiborne Bluff, ligamental aspect.
12. Tellina aldrichi Y)d\\, 10 n\n\., Lisbon. ; U.S. Nat. Mus.? 160
13, 14. Tellina, sp., 20 mm. ; Ft. Gaines, Ga 162
15, i6. Tellina cynoglossula, n. sp.. Gopher Hill, Ala 161
Claiborne horizon, U. S. Nat. Mus.
Fig. 15, 18 mm.
16, 15 "
17. Tellina {Anguhis) prolefita MA., $ vnn\. (Copy). Claiborne. 162
PI. 49, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 49
PI. 50, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 50
25^ St. Maurice and Claiborne Pklkcypoda 251
PLATE 50
Fii^vire Page
1. Telliiia enfcznia, var. equator, n. var., 11 mm., Claiborne 162
2. Tel/ina eni(zma Dall, 9 mm., Claiborne. (Copy) 162
3. Telliiia siibplana d'Orh., 5 mm, (Cop}'). Claiborne 163
4-6. Telliiia leana Dall, Claiborne 164
Fig. 4, 9 mm.
5. 7 "
6,7 "
7. War. yeg nana, n. var., 4 mm 164
Yegua Creek, Lee Co., Tex. Tex. State Mus. Coll.
8, 9. Var. sabotira, n. var. , Keitt's Ravine, S. C 164
U. S. Nat. Mus.
Fig. S, 7 mm.
9. S •'
10-12. Var. /;-^_o'^«z'Z5, n. var. , Keitt's Ravine 164
U. S. Nat. Mus.
Figs. 10, II, 9 X 6 X 1.5.
12, 6.5 mm.
13-16. Tellina cossinanni TiaW. (Copy), Gregorio Coll 164
Claiborne, Ala.
Figs. 13, 15, 10 mm.
14, 16, 9 "
17, 18. Telliiia {iVacoma f) scaiidiila Con., Claiborne 166
Fig- I7> 50 -|- mm. Conrad's restoration.
18, Harris' restoration of the same specimen in the Phila.
Museum.
19. Telliiia cherokeensis, n. sp., 35 mm., (left valve) .Tex 165
20. Telliiia cherokeeiisis, n. sp., 36 mm., (right valve). Tex.
21. Tellina, sp., 23 mm. Cast of interior ; Ft. Gaines.
22. Tellina alia Conrad. (Copy). 37 mm.; Claiborne 167
252 Bulletin 31 252
PLATE 51
Figure Page
1-5. Tellina raveneli Conrad, base Claiborne. Bluff 167
Figs. I, a, 34 mm.
2, larger, imperfect form, but showing characteristic
dorsal outline.
3, 40 mm., somewhat more elliptical outline.
4, hinge showing strong, short lateral.
5, 40 mm. ; cast of interior showing pallial line, sinus
and muscular scars.
6, 7. 3TacoiHa silliniaiii Conrsid, Claiborne sand, 42 mm 169
8, 9. DTaconia danai, n. sp. , 52 mm. ; Claiborne sand 169
PL 51. No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 51
PI. 52, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 52
9S3 St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda 253
PLATE 52
Figure Page
1-3. Semele linosa Conrad, 25 mm. ; base of Claiborne Bluff 170
Fig. 2, shows hinge enlarged.
3, a reduced interior cast showing pallial line, sinus
&c.
4, a. \'ax. claihornensis, -a. \^x.,^ \\\m.., Claiborne sand 171
U. S. Nat. Mus. specimen.
5, a. Var. of litiosa, Keitt's Ravine, S. C. ; 15 mm.
U. S. Nat. Mus. specimen.
6. Var. c/aibonteusis, showing affinities with australina.
Length, 10.5 mm.
7, 8. .S>w^/^/)ro/>i«fl'^? Conrad, 16 mm., Claiborne sand 171
9, a, b. Semele australina, n. sp., 17 mm., Orangeburg Dist., S. C... 172
10. Seuielc, 40 mm. ; Rio Grande, Tex. Var. australina f 172
II, a. Abra ititens Lea, 5.3 mm. ; Claiborne sand 173
12. Abra ni tens Li^a., 11 mm. ; Claiborne sand. Nearly typical form.
13. A bra nit ens Lea, 11 mm.
14, 15. Cuniingia f keittensis, n. sp., Keitt's Ravine, S. C 173
U. S. Nat. Mus.
Fig. 14, 30 mm. +.
14 a, a hinge of same, showing broad "pit" bounded
anteriorly by a lamelliform, radiating, cardinal tooth, be-
fore which is a very strong, undivided cardinal ; showing
also faint posterior lateral.
15. 35 mm., showing remarkable Strigilla-Wkit anter-
ior sculpturing of shell.
16. AVt'zV/^ wmvV Aldrich, 4 mm. ; Claiborne sand 174
254 Bulletin 31 354
PLATE 53
P'igure Page
I. CiiDiingia .^ keittensis, u. s,]-). (See pi. 52) 173
Enlargement of a fragment of the cardinal area showing
the sharply defined submerged ligament, the lunule and
short, anterior lateral tooth.
The laminar tooth in juxtaposition to the anterior margin
of the "pit" has been broken off below. It does not properly
form the anterior margin of the pit, a suture line intervenes.
2,3, a. Spisula pariiis Qon., Claiborne 174
Fig. 2, 15 mm.
3, 7 "
3a, 5.7 "
4. S. parilis, y&r. bistriata Har., 18 mm., Sabinetown 174
5-8. Spisula prtrteiutis Con., Claiborne 175
Fig. 5, 34 mm., copy of Conrad's type figure. Phila. Acad.
6-8, 46 " Claiborne.
9-12. S. prcsfetiuis, war. australina,n. var 175
Orangeburg Dist., S. C.
Fig. 9, 42 mm.
lo-ii, 48 "
12,30+ "
PI. 53, No. 31, Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 53
PI. 54, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal.
Vol. 6, PI. 54
255 St. Maurice and Claibornk Pklkcypoda 255
PLATE 54
Figure Page
I. Spisula decisa Con., 22 -\-va.m.., Claiborne 176
2-6. S. decisa \a.T. pa hnaris, n. var 176
Fig. 2, 43 mm., base of Claiborne Bluff.
3- 37 "
4, 10+ " Keitt's Ravine, S. C. U. S. Nat. Mus.
5, .same locality, opposite valve.
6, 22 X 19 X 6.2, Keitt's Ravine, S. C. U. S. Nat. Mus.
7-9. 3Iadropsis (Tquorca Conr&d, Claiborne 177
Fig. 7, 15 mm.
8, 14.5 "
9. 13-5 "
10-12. Dladropsis rectilincaris Conrad, Claiborne 177
Fig, 10, 14.5 mm.
11,8+ "
15, 14 + "
13, a. Pleropsis papyria Conrad, Claiborne 178
Fig. 13, 65 mm. ; copy from Conrad. Tj'pe. Phila. Acad.
13 a. Photo of a fragment from the posterior portion
of the shell, showing minute structure.
14-15. Pieropsis lapidosa donrad, Orangeburg Dist 178
Fig. 14, 40 mm.
15, 39 "
256 Bulletin 31 256
PLATE 55
Figure Page
I. PetHploma daibornensis Lea, 8 + mm. ; Claiborne 180
2-5. P. follardi Harris 180
Fig. 2, 43 mm ; type ; Tex, State Mus.
3, 46 " Base of Claiborne Bluff.
4,30 "
5, 32 + mm. "
6-8, F. collardi, var. aiistralina, n. var., Orangeburg Dist 181
Figs. 6-7, 40 + mm.
8, 23 + '•
9, Verticordia {Haliris) mississippiensis Dall, 5.5 mm 181
Wautubbee ; U. S. Nat. Mus.
10-12. Verticordia coceiisis, var. sotoensis Aid., 4 mm., copy ; De
Soto, Miss. Aid. Coll.
13. Verticordia i?(3(r^7/5/^ Langdon, 3 mm., Claiborne 182
14. Verticordia eocensis Langdon, 4 mm., copy after Dall ; Wau-
tubbee, Miss. U. S. Nat. Mus.
15. Verticordia eocensis, var., 5.3 mm., vSabine River.
16. Verticordia eocensis, var., 4 mm.. Hickory, Miss.
17. Cuspidaria prima Aid., 6 mm. ; copy ; vSabine Eoc. Aid. Coll. 183
18. Cuspidaria prima, var. viultioniata A.\A. &Mr. , 6 mm.
Copy of type figure ; evidently a fragmentar}- portion not
showing true outline. Wautubbee. Aid. Coll.
19. Cuspidaria, var. multiornata , 9 mm 183
A more complete specimen from the type locality, Wau-
tubbee.
20. Fragment of C, var. multiornata, 8 mm, ; from St. Maurice,
La., showing a greater differentiation in size of ribs.
21. Cuspidaria attcHuata A\d., 4 mm. , copy oi type figure 184
From Lisbon, Ala. Aid. Coll.
PI, 55. No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal.
Vol. 6. PI. 55
PL 56 No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 56
257 St. Maurick and Ci.aihounk Pelkcypoda 257
PI.ATK 56
Figure Page
1-4, 7. Cor/)/i/a snd(ii<rotia/a BiiW, Woods Bluff 185
Fig. I, 7 mill.
2, 7 "
3,8 "
4,8 "
7, 7 " 2 and 4 are mates.
5, 6, 8. The same, var. short, with radii ; Woods Bhiff.
Fig. 5, 7 mm.
6, 6.5 "
8, 5-5 "
9, 10. Corbula alabainiensis Lea, a variety close to what de Gregorio
has styled var. ima ; Claiborne sand.
Figs. 9 and 10 both 6 mm. in length.
II. C. alabainiensis Lea, 11 mm. ; a specimen from Orangeburg
Dist., showing a slightly broader form than is usual for
this species.
12, 13. C. alab., var. ciiroiieUa, n. van, Orangeburg Dist 186
Small posterior development, inflated ; weak umbonal ridge.
Fig. 12, 10 mm.
13, 9-5 "
14, 15. C alabainensis, max. gregorioi ^ Cossmann, Claiborne 186
Fig. 14, 14 mm.
15, II "
16-26. C. alabainiensis \^it2i, C\A\hox\\^ S2i.\\i\ ; typical 185
Fig. 16, 9 mm.
17, II "
18, II "
19, 12 "
20, 16 "
21, 16.5 "
22, 19 '■
23, 14 "
24, 19 "
25, 24 "
26, 19 "
27-30. C. alabainiensis, var. leclade Greg., Claiborne 185
Fig. 27, 14 mm.
28, 12 "
29, 16 "
31-33. Corbula densata Conrad, Jackson Rocene, Miss 185
Fig. 31, 17 mm.
32, 18 "
33, 17 "
25^ BULIvETiN 31 258
PLATE 57
Figure Page
1-6. Corbula coinprcssa Lea, Claiborne 187
Fig. I, 5 mm.
2, 6 "
3. 4-3 "
4, 4.8 "
5. 6, X 4-
7-9. Carbtila aldrichi Meyer, 7.5-8 mm 189
From the Sabine stage, Woods Bluft", Ala. Notice the differ-
ence in the size of the valves, also strong, radiating striae.
10-17. Corbula sinithvilleiisis Har 188
Fig. 10, 7 mm.
11, 7.5 " La.
12-17 from Smithville, Tex.
12, 5 mm.
13,8 "
14, 6.2 "
15, 7 "
16,5.5"
17, 10.5 mm.
18-21. Corbula rugosa Lam., Grignon, France 190
Fig. 18, II. 5 mm.
19, 10 "
20, 8
21,9-5 "
22-23. Corbula wailesiana Har., Jackson, Miss 1S9
Figs. 22 and 23, each 13 mm. Here inserted to show rela-
tionship to Claibornian forms.
24-28. Corbula texana Gabb, all from Texas 190
Fig. 24, 10. 5 mm.
25, 7.5 " Tex. State Mus.
26, 6
27, 7-5 "
28, 7
PI. 57, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 57
y
PI. 58, No. 31,
Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 58
259 St. Maurich and Clatuorne Pklecypoda 259
PLATE 58
Figure f'age
1-6. Corbula gibbosa Lea, Claiborne 191
Fig. I, 13 mm.
2, 9 "
3, II "
4, 7 "
5, II "
7-10, 12-15. Corbida murchisoni \^&^, Claiborne 191
Fig. 7, 14 mm.
8, 14.5 "
9. II-5 "
10, 13 "
12, 3 "
13- II "
14, 10 "
11,16-20. C. iinirchiso)n,\&x./ossaia DaW. Mississippi 193
Fig. 11,5 mm.
16, 7 "
17.8 "
18, broken.
19, 7 mm.
20, 4 "
21-27. Corbula extenuata DaW, Orangeburg Dist I94
Fig. 21, 4 mm.
22, 8 "
23, 5 "
24,5 "
25-27, about 6 mm. each.
26o Bulletin 31 260
PLATE 59
Figure Page
1. Panopea porredoides Aid., Baker's Bluff ; Ferr. sand 194
103 mm., Aldrich Coll.
2. Solen lisbonensis hX^.^'^'iyViWYi.,, Lisbon 195
3. Cn I tel I u s conradi Qossmann, 7 mm., Claiborne 195
4. Si/iqua siinondsi Har., 2T, mm., Brazos Co. , Tex 196
Jackson Eocene ?
5. Martesia texana Har., 9 mm., Alto, Tex. ; Tex. Mus 196
6-10. Pholadomya claibonumsis Aldrich 197
Fig. 6, 40 mm., copy of Aldrich's original figure. Aid.
Coll. Lisbon.
7, 8, base of Claiborne Bluff. Natural size.
9, natural size ; No. 452, Tex. State Mus. Coll. Lewis'
house, two miles east of Alto, Cherokee Co.
n, 12. G astro chcsna larva Qonr 2lA, Claiborne 197
Fig. 11,4.4 mm. (Copy ; these Bulletins, vol i, pi. 6, fig.
12, Aid. CoU.
12, 7 mm. ; copy of Conrad's original figure, Amer.
Jour. Sci., vol. I, 1846, pi. I, fig. 5.
13. Xylophaga iiiississippiensis Meyer, 7 mm. ; Newton 198
Aldrich Coll.
14, 15. Gastrochcena ^^., after Meyer. 11 mm. ; Claiborne 190
16. Teredo simplex Lea : Claiborne. (Cop)') 199
17, a. Teredo siiriplexopsis de Gregorio ; natural size ; de Gregorio
Coll. Claiborne.
PI. 59, No. 31,
Bull. Amcr. Pal. Vol. 6. PI. 59
INDEX TO VOLUME 6
A'oif. — Page numbers are ill Roman numerals ; plale numbers are in
Italics.
Abra nitens .52 173
Adranaaldrichiana 2^ 71
Alveinus minutus Con j/ no
Amphidesma linosa 170
profunda 171
tellinula 173
Amussium squamulum.../5 28
Anatina claibornensis i So
Anomalocardia rhomboid-
ella 51
Anomia ephippioides // i6
ephippiuni 16
var. hammetti 12 iS
jugosa 17
lisbonensis //. 17
navicelloides 18
Area aldrichi 22 55
aspera 55
harrisi 22 56
inornata 56
ludoviciana 22 54
mississippiensis 54
var. paraba 52
reticulata 22 55
rhomboidella 21, 22 ..51, 53
var. subscopula 52
vaughani 22 53
Arcopagia alta 167
raveneli 167
Astarte aldrichiana 91
americana 32 200
arata 92
callosa 200
Astarte conradi 179
var. ebla 200
minor 92
minutissinia 95
monroensis 94
neuseana .32 92
nicklinii 90
pitua 201
prorata 2or
protracta 90
recurva in
smithvillensis 89, 90
sulcata 90
tellinoides 90
triangulata 91
triangulatoides .32 91
ungulina 40 127
Avicula cardincrassa 29
claibornensis 29
limula 29
Axinea idonea 47
stamin ea 46
trigonella 49
B
Barbatia aldrichi 55
Bornia dalli j/ 108
isosceles j/ 109
perdita j/ 109
plectopygia j/ 108
prima 109
scintillata j/ 107
Eyssomia petricoloides 34
C
Cardiomya 184
262
Bulletin 31
262
Cardita bilineata j/ 86
carolinensis 85
subquadrata .j/ ...... 86
subrotunda .j/ 86
viginti nar ia ...3/ 86
Cardium claibornense 7/ 132
var. gainesense 131
harrisi ^/ 131
hatchitigbeense 132
magnum 133
ouachitense /^ 132
Caryatis exigua 148
exigua -// 150
Chama monroensis 7/ 130
dementia mercenaroidea j/ 151
Coralliophaga claibornen-
sis ^S 154
Corbis claibornensis ;o 123
distans 1 24
lamellosa 123
undata 40 124
Corbula 185
alabamiensis stock 1 85
alabamiensis .56 1 85
aldrichi var 188
var. amara 200
var. citronella 185
compressa .^/ 187, 189
conradi 186
densata 1S6
extenuata ^58 1 94
var. fossata jS 193
var, gregorioi 185, 188
gibbosa .jS 191
ignota 1 9 J
var. ima 185
murchisoni ^S 191
nasuta i 85
on iscus 191
perdubia 187
perdubia 1 88
rugosa 188, 258
smithvillensis 57 18S
subengonata 185, 186
Corbula .subnasuta 185
texana 57 1 90
wailesiana
Crassatella alta 104
Crassinella minor .ji* 92
Crassatella flexurus 100
halei 96
palmula 90
productus 100
protextus 99, 1 00
texalta 193
trapaquara 96
tumidula 96
Crassatellites altef ormis 99
altus J5, j6 104
antestriatus j^ 98
clarkensis j^ 1 00
f errocarolinus 100
clarkensis, var. ludovici-
anus 102
ludovicianus 102
minor 92
negreetensis .jj 97
obliquatus 103
parvus 93
postclarkensis 100
productus 1 00
protextus jj loi
ps ychopterus 89
rliomboideus .j^ 99
texaltus j6 103
texanus .jy 97
trapaquara .jj 96
Crenella costata 36
isocardioides // 35
latifrons // 35
margaritacea // 35
Crustuloides, n, subgen. 89
Cuculla^arca cuculloides 51, 54
Cultellus conradi 59 195
Cumingia ? keittensis 5^, jj 173
Cuna ? astartoides j^ 94
«63
St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda
?63
Cuna var. finibriata 94
monroensis j2 94
parva .32 93
subparva j2 93
Cuspidaria attenuata 55 184
var. multiornata 55 1 83
prima 183
Cyclas subvexa 1 19
S3'mmetrica 122
Cytherea aequorea* 139
var. aldrichi y 138
var. cominduta 138
cominduta 139
comis 138
discoidalis 146, 148
hydana 152
hydii 139, 140
nuttali 143, 148
perovata 138
poulsoni 143, 144
trigoniata 1 46
C}'theriopsis hydana 152
D
Dione eequorea 1 40
mortoni 139
nuttali 143
perovata 138
poulsoni 144
Diplodonta astartiformis 127
corbiscula yo 130
deltoidea 127
inflata 70 126
nana .jo 128
turgida 1 24
ungulina 70 127, 128
Donax limatula 156
plana 163
var. tiga 156
Dosinia alta 148
mercenaroidea 151
E
Egeria bucklandii 156
Egeria donacea iS*^
inflata 129
nana 128
nitens 173
o valis 1 63
plana 163
rotunda 127
triangulata 156
veneriforniis fS 157
Egerella subtrigona /S 157
triangulata 4S 156
Ensiculus conradi .59 195
Ervilia meyeri .^2 174
Erycina aequorea 177
plicatula jj 107
rectilinearis 177
whitfieldi jj 107
F
Felania 126
Felaniella nana 128
G
Gaf rarium distans 124
liratum 123
Gari filosa 155
Gastrochsena bipartita 198
larva 50 197
Gemma sancti-mauricensis
47 152
Glycymeris idonea 20 47
var. ignus 50
lisbonensis 20 48
var. minor 49, 50
var. percuneata 50
sabinensis 21 51
staminea 20 46
var. striata 50
trigonella 20 49
var. wautubbeana 50
Goodall ia americana 200
Gratelupia hydana 77 152
moulinsi 152
264
Bulletin 31
264
van symetrica 201
H
Hindsiella donacia .77 106
faba .^j 107
Hippagus isocardioides 35
L
L,eda aldrichiana 71
bastropensis 25 64
bella 2^ 64
brongniarti 57
calcarensis 25.. 69, 70
canonica 68
carolinensis 2^ 70
catasarca 2^.. 66, 68
chipolana 68
coelata 23 57
coelatoides 2^ 57
compsa 62
crassiparva 2^ 68
equalis 66
houstonia 53 59
keittensis 2^ 67
linifera 68
var. lisboneiisis 24 63
magna 24 62
magnopsis 24 .64
media 25 65
milamensis 69
multilineata 2^ 58
opuleiita 2^ 62
ozarkola 2^ 68
pistorupes 24 65
plana 23 60
plicata 64
pulcherrima 61
quercollis 67
robusta 67
semen 2^ 56
semenoides 23 57
subtrigona 2^ 70
trumani 2^ 61
vanuxemi 25 70
wautubbeana 2^ 69
Lima harrisiana 16 29
vicksburgiana 29
Limopsis var. abbreviata 41
aviculoides iS..2,(i^ 51
var. caroli na 41
corbuloides 39
cossmanni 20 45
cuneus 38
decisa 41
ellipsis 43
ledoides 38
pectunicularis 42, 43
pulchra 39
Lirodiscus protractus ji" 90
psychopterus .32 89
smith villensis j/ 89
tellinoides ji" 90
Lithodomus claibornensis 34
petricoloides 34
Lithophaga claibornensis // 34
petricoloides ij 34
Loripes subvexa 119
Lucina alveata 113, 115
amica 77 1 1 1
bisculpta ji" 117
carinifera J7....113, 114, 115
claibornensis 39--- 112, 121
compressa .jp 121
cornuta 114
dartoni 113, 118
dolabra .J7, iii, 113
hamatus j7 112
Levis 129
modesta 116
orbella .4.126
ozarkana ^S 113, 118
pandata J9 121
papyracea jcS'...ii3, 116, 117
var. paruminflata 129
pomllia...j5...ii3, 115, 116, 117
postsulcata 210
265
St. Maurice and Claihorne Pelecypoda
^65
recurva 1 1 r
rotunda ,/o 122
smithi jcS'113, 114
var. subcuneata 201
sublaevigata 201
subvexa jg 119
var. sylvaerupis 120
uhleri 117
ulrichi 113, 117
Lutraria conradi 179
lapidosa 178
papyria 178
petrosa 71, 179
M
Macoma danai 5/ 169
scandula 50 161
sillimani 5/ 169
Mactra eequorea 177
decisa 176
delumbis 175
dentata 178
parilis 174
praitenuis 175
Mactrella prsetenuis 175
Mactropsis sequorea 5/ 177
rectilinearis 5/ 177
Marcia retisculpta 77 153
Martesia elongata 1 96
texana ^g 1 96
Mauricia, n. subgen 32
Meiocardia carolinte ^2 135
Meretrix 134
aequorea y^ 1 40
annexa 138
var. bastropensis ^7 145, 148
cornelli 46 144
dalli 152
discoidalis 146, 149
hatchetigbeensis 145, 147
var. lisbonen6is/j..i35, 136, 137
macbeani 44 1 40
mercenaroidea 151
mortoni ^^...138, 139
neuseiisis /j 136
mittali stock 141
"uttali /5 143
nuttalliopsis 141
ovata 141
pearlensis 138
perovata /j 138
perovata stock 135
poulsoni /6 144
var. pyga 141
ripleyana 1 45
securiformis 142
subcrassa /6. . 146, 149
subimpressa 135, 136
subvitrea 1 35
sylvaerupis /j 135
texacola //, y^ 142
trigoniata stock 145
trigoiiiata 77. ..146, 149
vespertina 46 144
var. winnensis /6...146, 147
yoakumi 150
Micromeris minor 93
minutissima j2 95
Parva 93
senex 95
Modiola tenuis 35
Modiolaria alabamensis 33
Modiolus cawcawensis 77 31
cretacea 31
ducateli 31
houstonia 77 32
spatulata 33
texanus /7--32, 33
Moerella 160
Montacuta claiborniana. . .57 no
dalli 108
Myoparo costata 35
Mysia ungulina.. 148
Neaera alternata 184
multiornata 183
Nucula bella 64
brongniarti 57
calcarensis 70
266
Bulletin 31
266
capsiopsis ^5 71
carinfera 37
carolinensis 70
claibornensis 72
coelata 2j 57
magna 62
magnifica 26 73
var . raauricensis 74
media 65
monroensis 26 75
mucronata 56, 70
opulenta.. 62
ovula 26 75
pectuiicularis 42
plana 60
pulcherrima 60
ripse 26 74
sedgwickii 73
semen 56
subtrigona 70
Nuculana opulenta 62
media 66
plana 60
plicata 64
semen 56
Oryctomya 154
Orthoyoldia 72
Ostrea alabamiensis /- 5 . . .8
claibornensis 8
con tracta 8 , 9
cristagalli 14
var. divaricata 9. ...10, 12
frionis 5 q
georgiana 8, 9
gigantissima 8, 200
glauconoides 13
johnsoni lo 15
laeta 6 201
lingula-canis 8
var. lisbonensis 12 13
var. ludoviciana 10 14
m orton i 15
panda 14
var. perplicata, fig. i 13
pincerna 8
Ostrea radians 10
selkeformis 6-S. ..10, 11
semilunata 8
var. smithvillensis S 11
vermilla g 12
vicksburgensis 10 14
vomer 8
P
Pachecoa, n. subgen 20 46
Panop;ea elongata 155
Panopea porrectoides 59 194
Pecten burlesonensis 14 26
calvatus 25, 28
cawcawensis 16 27
clarkeanns ij 25
var. corneoides 75 28
deshayesi /J...19, 27
frontalis 26
lyelli 19
membranosus 24
pulchricosta 14 24
rogersi 26
scintillatus 75 28
var. tirmus 21
wautubbeanus /./... 2 1 , 23
willcoxi 14 23
Pectunculus avicnloides 36
broderipii 46
cuneus 37
decisns 41
declivis 42
ellipsis 44
obliqua 36
^perplanus ig 43
var. radiatus 47
stamineus 46
trigonellua 49
Periploma claibornensis ..^j 180
collardi ^§ 180
Petricola claibornensis. . ..4S 153
fornicata 34
pholadif ormis 34
Phacoides hamatus 112
pandatus 121
Pholadomya claibornensis... jp.. 19?
25;
St. Maurice and Claiborne Pelecypoda
267
Pinna argeiitea ^.31
cawcavvensis ij 31
gravida 16 ..30
jacksoniana 31
squamosissinia 31
Pleuromeris aldrichi jp 95
Plicatula var. concentrica 19
filamentosa 12 18
plauata 19
Protocardia diversa 133
gambrina ^2 133
harrisi 133
nicolleti 134
salrivalis .}2 134
Psammobia blainevillei. . .4S 155
eborea 4S 156
filosa 4S 155
Pseudamusium claibornense 28
Pteria limula 16 29
Pteropsis lapidosa .5^ 178
papyria 54 178
Scintilla alabamiensis j/ 105
Semele australina ^2 172
var. claibornensis .52 171
linosa 5i'...i68, 170, 171
profunda 52 171
Siliqua simondsi 59 196
Solecurtus blainvillei 155
Solemya alabamensis 26 76
Solen var. abruptus 59- -195
lisbonenisis 59 195
Spisula decisa .^4 176
var. palmaris 57 176
parilis 53 174
prtetenuis 53 175
Spondj^lus, sp 29
auiussiopse 18
Sphserella anteproducta..../o 124
bulla 125
Sportella alabamiensis.. ..j/ 106
gregorioi .37 105
Stalagmiuni margaritaceum 35
Sy ndesniya nitens 173
tellinula 165
T
Tellina albaria 166
aldrichi yy 1 60
alta .50 167
var. australina 4g 159
cherokeensis ^o 1 65
cossmanni ^o 164
cy noglossa 161
cynoglossula 41) 161
enttenia ^o 162
var. equ ator .50 162
greggi 161
leana 163, 164
mooreana 79 159
nitens 164, 173
ovalis 163
papyria 79 159
plana 163
var. prsegravis 50 164
prolenta 79 162
raveneli 5/ ... 1 67, 1 70
scandula 166
sillimani 169
var. sabotica 50 1 64
spillmani 166
subequalis 71, 161
subplana 50 163
tallicheti 79 158
trumani, var. australina 79 159
var. yegua .50 1 64
Teredo simplexopsis ^g 199
simplex 59 199
Textivenus 153
Thracia estiva 200
Tiza 200
Trapezium claibornense. . .4S 154
Trigonoarca ellipsis 44
Trigonocaelix cuneus 38
Triquetra sequorea 177
rectilinearis 57 177
Trinacria 37
268
BULLKTIN 31
268
Trinacria cainei 20 46
cossmanni -....20 45
cuneus /<?... 37, 38
decisa iS, ig 41
declivis ig 42
ellipsis 79... 44, 45
ledoides /c9...38, 41
var. lisbonensis 45
ovalis ig 43
pectu ncularis ig 42
perplana /9.--43. 45
pulchra a?.. .40, 41
var. sabinica iR 41
Venericardia 77
alticostata j<9...82, 85
bilineata 82
blandingi 82, 86
carsonensis 85
coloradonis ^(9...8i,85
complexicosta .31 84
densata 77
eutawcolens 85
var. flabellum 2g...%o, 85
fungina 85
var. fungina 2S 79
funiculus ^7... 79, 85
greggiana 83, 85
inflatior j/ 87
var. juvenis 88
Venericardia mooreana 77
natchitoches J0...82, 85
parva J/...87, 88
perantiqua 85
planicosta 2j, 2S...'j']
potapacoensis 77
praecisa 85
rotunda 2S, 2g..jS, 85
var. secans 82, 86
subrotunda. 86
var. symmetrica 88
subquadrata 82
tetrica 85
tortidens j/ 87
var. trapaquara 2g 80
trapaquara jo. ...81 , 85
vigintinaria • • • • 77 1 86
wilcoxensis 83, 85
Venus retisculpta 153
vespertina 1 44
Verticordia dall iana 1 83
eccensis .j^^ 182
mississippiensis .55 181
sotoensis 182
X
Xylophaga ? mississippiensis 59 198
Yoldia claibornensis 2j 72
psammotsea 2^ 72
END OF VOLUME Vt
ERRATA
Page i8. line 2. read navicelloides for navicellodies.
46, line 27, read staminea for stamina.
56. line 21, read mucronata for microuata.
64, line 33, read Leda bella for Leda bella.
6-/, line 17, read (pt,-iro//is for (fuircol/is.
67, line 21, read keittensis for kittensis.
70, line 18, read pi. 25 for pi. 23.
73, line 23, read Keitt'.s for Kitl's.
104, line 16, read fig. 6 for fig. i.
112, line 12, read /'/tacoides for IViaicoides.
118, line 20, read suhvtWii for conrexa.
124, line 33, read anteproducta for anteproducaa
138, line 27, read pi. 44 for pi. 24.
140, line 26, read fig.s, 7, 8, for figs. S, 9.
161, line 15, read suhequa/is inr suheqixlis.
185, line 27, read fig.s. 31-33 for figs. 31-31.
197, line 29, read 1895 for 1SS5.
204, line b, tcaA jr^ori^iamj Un i>ct\i>iiina.
214, line 9, read X i 1-3 for X 1-3.
221, line 17, read lishoncnsis for /ishonenis.
232, line rS, read z'i^inii/ian'a for z'i^initaria.
238, lines 5, 6. read Co.ssmann for Ccssman.
345. line 25. read X 3.7 nun. for X 37 mm.
259. line 18, read Mr. X: Aid. for Dall.
*5!^'^ ' -u^i:: 4]:
B ULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOL OG Y
Vol. ,VI
No. J/. — Pelecypoda of the St. Maurice and Claiborne Stages :
268 pp., 60 pis. Price : $5.70
Descriptive price-list of earlier 'Bulletins furnished on ap-
plication.
A few copies of our reprint of Conrad's Fossil Shslls of the
Tertiary /brma/w;?^ still remain, unsold.
Price: $3.50.
PALAtONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA
Vol. I, No. I
The Atlantic Slope Areas
4to, 100 pp. 16 plates
Price $3. 'So ,
Address
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