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REYNOLDS  HISTf ^L^^t^N 
GENEALOGY  COLLECTION 


ALLEN  COUNTY  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


3  1833  01742  6005 


GENEALOGY 
974.6 
P38515 
1902-1903 


THE 


FENNSXI.TAIXIA  -  GERMAN' 


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Der  Re'tht  Hfrr  im  Dcich. 
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Hiitorica!  Piigrimages  int''  P'.r;nsylvania 
Germandora.  ... 

D'.^n  ±i  Schuyikii;  Va'!ov. 

Bock  Notices, 

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Vol.  Ill  LEBANON,    PA.,  JANUARY,    1902 


tF:nfi..l  :,!  •.!..   1 


EDITORIAL 

lll^  ulevcmh  annual  meeting  oi  ibe  vit,n>r()US 'society  in 
the  intere-t>  of  "the  Pennsylvania-Gern-ians  met  Ucto- 
ber  J5.  i*;Oi,  at  I  larrisburi;-.  The  meeting-  place  was 
the  citv"s  I'.'.arJ  of  Tiade  lUiiUlin-'.  wliere  a  local  com- 
mittee had  made  every  arrani^ement  essential  to  the 
conuort  and  convenience  of  its  many  guests,  even  to  the  servmg-  ■ 
(!<'  luncheon  and  the  banquet. 

J-'.vervthing  conspired  to  make  this  meeting  a  pronounced  suc- 
cess, the  arrangements,  the  social  feature,  the  attendance  and  the 
excellent  program  for  the  entire  day  and  evening.  There  were 
not  a  few  who  have  attended  all  former  meetings,  who  declared 
ihi>  bv  far  the  best  in  every  respect.  How  could  it  help  but  be 
with  such  a  committee  of  arrangements,  such  a  large  and  talented 
.leathering  and  such  a  rich  bill  of  intellectual  fare  as  the  prograni 
provided? 

We  cannot  here  give  a  list  of  the  most  shining  lights  in  attend- 
ance, but  must  let  it  suffice  to  say  that  the  best  talent  from  among 
the  learned  professions,  of  which  the  State  and  beyond  can  boast, 
v.ere  largelv  present.  Business  men.  judges,  legislators.  Congress- 
men, editors,  college  and  seminary  presidents  and  professors  and 
many  ladies  joined  these  to  fdl  the  large  hall.  There  was  a  sprink- 
hng  of  visitors  from  the  State  Convention  of  the  Daughters  of  the 
Kevi.lution.  which  had  just  been  held  in  the  city  and  adjourned 
the  evening  previous. 

The  cliaracter  of  the  rich  feast  of  reason  may  be  judged  from  a 
reprint  of  the  Order  of  Proceedings.    This  was  as  follows: 

■''\f"r)i{)r^  .S"r.s\x-.''.?;/.  -Invocation,  Rev.  Theodore  E.  Sciimauk. 
''  IX.  T.ebanon  ;  Citv's  Creeting,  ^layor  Jolm  A.  Fritchey,  Harris- 
burg;  Address  of  Welcome,   Rev.   David   McConatighy  Gilbert. 


Tin:  i'i:\.\syi.\AMA-(n:uM  \\\ 


D.]).,  ]Ian-isliur-:  Response,  1^'v.  F.  j.  F.  Schantz,  D.D..  Myers- 
town;  I'resi'lent's  Address,  (With  oliituary  cnloi^-'y  of  William 
]lein-y  Fglc.  ALD..  .\.M.,  Ex-President  of  Society).  Pn.f.  Cliarles 
FVancis  Ijinies,  Carlisle  ;  (Jbituary  Eulo.q-y  of  Rev.  Thomas  Conrad 
Porter,  D.F).,  LL.l).,  late  President  of  the  Society,  Rev.  Joseph  H. 
Dub])s.  T).n..  LL.D.,  \ice-President,  Lancaster;  Secretary's  Re- 
port, IF  M.  y[.  Richards,  Lel)an(in;  Treasurer's  Report,  Julius  F. 
vSachse,  Philadelphia;  Nomination  and  hdeclion  of  CMTicers.  His- 
torical Pai)ers — The  Pennsylvania-German  Dialect,  Jts  Capabili- 
ties, Lee  L.  Grumhine.  Esq.,  Lebanoii ;  The  Schwenkfelders  in 
Pennsylvania,  Prof.  Howard  W.  Krielxl,  Pennsbmg-. 

Aflcnioon  Session. — The  ]\Iennonitcs  of  Pennsylvania,  Lee  L. 
Grumhine.  Lebanon  ;  The  Music  of  the  F'phrata  Cloister.  Julius  F. 
Sachse,  ] 'hila<ielphia,  (  illustrated  by  a  choir  under  the  direction  of 
Rev.  J.  F.  (Jill,  Mus.  l)(ic.  )  ;  Greeting's  fmrn  his  Imperi;il  Majesty 
the  l"lmperor  oi  (ierman\-,  G.  b".  b\'id.  Ivitschl,  Imperial  ( lerman 
Consul,  Philadelphia  ;  Ci\il  Life  Among-st  the  Pennsylvania-Ger- 
mans, F-ton.  William  I'.  Hensel,  Lancaster. 

Evening  Session. — The  Picturescjue  Side  oi  Pennsyhania-Ger- 
nian  Life  (_  illustrated  b\-  lantern  slides),  7.30  p.  m.,  W'.  ]L  Rich- 
ardson, Esq.,  Xorristown  ;  Reception,  8  to  9  P.  ~M.;  Panquet,  9 
to  II  P.  M. 

There  was  not  a  dull  moment  in  the  conxention  and  the  volume 
that  will  contain  these  proceedings  and  papers  will  be  a  very  rich 
one..  Especially  will  manv  look  forward  to  the  printed  address 
and  array  of  tine  p'jcms  in  the  vernacular  b}'  Lee  I>.  Grtimbinc. 

The  worthy  ancestry,  the  present  actors  and  the  coming  genera- 
tions of  this  virile  stock  of  the  State's  population  are  to  be  alike 
congratulated  upon  the  achie\ements  of  this  society,  whose  his- 
torians, biographers  and  ptjets  will  yet  rank  with  the  best  in  the 
land. 


A 


Till-:  thanks  oi  the  b'ditor  are  herewith  expressed  to  Revs. 
Gable  and  (ieorge  for  use  of  portrait  cuts,  and  to  ^Messrs.  B.  F. 
Owen,  G.  A.  Schlechter  and  FL  J.  Smith  for  the  kind  loan  of 
others  tised  m  this  number. 

AAA 

Tin-:  majority  of  subscribers  are  paid  up  to  date.  Some  have 
credit  for  1002.  All  will  get  credit  in  full  for  1902  if  a  dollar  be 
sent  before  April  K-t.     After  that  date,  Si. 25. 


GEN.  JOHN  PETER  G.  MUHLENBERG 

T  is  well  known  thai  the  patriarch  of  the  Lutheran 
Church  in  America,  Dr.  Henry  Melchoir  Muhlen- 
herg.  reared  an  illustrious  family,  through  whose 
lives  and  labors  his  own  g-reat  fame  shown  forth 
with  additional  luster.  It  was  through  them  that  the 
honored  name  has  been  written  upon  the  national 
muster-roll  of  the  renowned,  and  transmitted  to  our  day  as  among 
the  most  honored  promoters  of  our  civil,  literary,  scientific  and 
ecclesiastical  greatness  as  a  nation. 

It  is  proposed  during  this  year  to  sketch  the  lives  of  that  illus- 
trious quartet  of  sons  and  son-in-law  (Rev.  Dr.  J.  C.  Kunze  )  that 
has  made  the  name  of  Muhlenberg  so  widely  known  and  so  justly 
honored.     We  begin  with  the  eldest. 

John  Peter  Gabriel  was  the  baptismal  name  given  to  the  first- 
burn  of  this  distinguished  family.  Lie  first  saw  the  light  of  day 
at  Providence,  now  Trappe,  Montgomery  county,  Pa.,  October  i, 
1746.  The  meagre  accounts  left  to  help  one  in  delineating  the 
childhood  life  of  Mr.  Muhlenberg's  family  are  in  the  form  of  diary 
entries,  where -some  very  tender  and  interesting  events  are  record- 
ed concerning  the  mental  unfolding  and  personal  characteristics  of 
all.  Some  of  these  are  given  in  Dr.  Manifs  "Life  of  Muhlenberg." 
L.ut,  remembering  the  character  of  their  ])arentage  and  their  rural 
environment,  it  should  not  be  found  a  difficult  task  for  the  reader 
U-  picture  the  early  life  of  these  children  of  loving  and  pious  train- 
ing. \\>  know  that  young  Peter — by  which  name  the  first-born  is 
generally  known — had  made  sufficient  progress  in  his  studies  to 
enter  the  Academy  at  Philadelphia,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  the  time 
of  the  familv's  temper?  ry  removal  to  that  city.  Here  he  was  a 
pupil  under  Dr.  Win.  Smith,  first  Provost  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  the  spring  of  1763  he,  with  his  two  younger 
brothers,  Frederick  .\.  C  and  G.  Henry  Ernest— the  former  in 
bi^  f.iurteenth,  the  latter  Imt  in  hi^.  tenth  year — was  sent  to  Llalle, 


4  77/  /;  /'/;  A  A  SYL 1. 1  A  /  1  -(1  Kh'  1/ .  t  A  . 

Germany,  where  all  were  to  ]^repare  themselves  for  the  Ci<xspel 
niiiiistrv  at  the  same  institution  in  whieh  the  father  had  stvulied. 
The  father's  diary-reeords  speak  of  the  anxiims  parental  eoneern 
felt  at  their  departure,  and  discrihes  the  solemn  manner  of  their 
partin,^".  I'eter,  heino-  the  eldest,  was  dblii^e*!  l')  exerei^c  a  sort  of 
guardianship  over  his  younger  lirothers,  althdUgh  during  the 
voyage  to  London  they  enjoyed  the  eom[)anionship  of  Chiei  Jus- 
tice Alk-n,  an  intimate  friend  of  Dr.  Muhlenberg,  who  as  fellow- 
passenger,  took  charge  of  the  boys  as  far  as  England.  Their 
arrival  at  school  had  been  previously  arranged  for  by  correspond- 
ence, Dr.  Ziegenhagen,  of  London,  giving  the  matter  much  per- 
sonal concern.  The  following  extract  of  a  letter  from  Dr.  Muhl- 
enberg to  Dr.  Ziegenhagen,  dated  October  2-j,  1763,  gives  a  gen- 
eral outline  of  the  l)oy"s  character,  and  shows  th.e  father's  appre- 
hensiiv,!.  afterwards  realized,  that  Peter  w(,Mdd  prove  a  trouble- 
some sul)iect : 

••My  son,  Peter,  lias,  alas!  enjoyed  but  little  care  and  control,  on  ac- 
count' ot  my  extensive  ofticial  duties,  but  he  ha'^  had  no  evil  example 
from  his  parents,  and  many  reproofs  and  counsels.  His  chief  fault  and 
bad  inclination,  lia';  been  fondness  for  hunting  and  fishing,  but  if  our 
most  reverend  fathers  at  Halle  observe  any  tendency  to  vice,  I  would 
huniblv  beg  that  thev  send  him  to  a  well  disciplined  garrison-town,  undei 
the  name  of  Peter  \Veiser.  before  he  causes  much  trouble  or  comi>laint 
]\[y  pravers  will  follow  him,  and  if  his  soul  only  is  saved,  be  it  in  what 
condition  it  may  I  sliall  be  content.  I  well  know  what  Satan  wishes  for 
me  and  mine." 

Peter  could  not  endure  the  severity  of  discipline  which  prevailed 
at  tlalle,  and  being  constantly  in  trouble,  peremptory  steps  were 
about  to  be  taken  to  luring  him  to  terms,  when  he  found  it  expedi- 
ent to  run  away,  ere  the  fr'st  year  of  school-life  had  been  complet- 
ed. He  determined  to  devote  himself  to  mercantile  pursuits  and 
accordingly,  with  his  father's  knowledge  and  direction,  entered 
into  an  iron-bound  engagement  with  a  druggist.  Xlemeyer  by 
name,  oi  Liiljeck,  Germany,  to  serve  for  a  term  of  six  years.  P.ut 
for  some  unaccounted  reason  young  Muhlenlierg  grew  tired  of  his 
long  apprenticeship,  after  half  of  the  long  term  had  elapsed. 
Hence,  one  morning,  without  previous  notice,  he  was  numbered 
among  the  tuissing. 

He  is  next  found,  whither  many  young  luen  of  Germany  of  that 
time  naturally  gravitated,  in  a  military  company.  Here  he  is  at 
once  enrolled  as  S(  -retary.  This  somewhat  reckless  procedure 
caused  anxietv  at  Halle  and  grief  to  his  parents,  and  efforts  were 


<;f:\.  jo//\  <;.  I'KTF-R  Ml  Hi.KsnKnr..  5 

,„.ulotor  his  rdease  from  his  enijap^cnietit  and  return  to  his  native 
connirv    whicli  plan  was  successfully  earned  out. 

Upon  his  return  to  America  youno-  Muhlenher^^  was  placed  ni 
the  care  of  the  Rev.  C.  M.  Wrangel.  father  Muhlenherg  s  personal 
1  trusted  friend,  who  was  then  Provost  of  the  Swedish  Luteran 
hurches  and  pastor  of  the  ^^c...  congregation  at  l^n  adelph.^ 
Here  Peter  was  carefullv  instructed  and  so  gently  gu.led  m  nund 
and  heart  hv  the  powerful  personal  intluence  of  this  godly  tnan. 
that   the  previously   son.ewhat   wilful    and    u.consulerate    youth 
henceforth  devoted  himself  earnestly  to  the  mterests  of  thrist  s 
kingdom.     Alreadv  in  1768,  while  yet  a  student  of  theology,  he  is 
occasionallv  entrusted  with  the  supply  of  his  teacher  s  pulpit  and 
his  maiden'  efforts  are  said  to  have  heen  well  received.     He  also 
occasionallv  assisted  his  father  and  his  preaching  gave  equal  sat- 
isfaction among  his  own  German  brethren.     It  is  recorded  that  by 
c^eneral  request  he  took  his  father's  place  in  St.  Michae   s  pulpit 
on  Good  Fridav.  1768,  where  he  preached  to  a  large  a"d  curious 
congregation.    'His  theme  was  -The  Burial  of  Christ.        he  fath- 
er's feelings  at  a  time  are  given  in  a  letter  to  Rev.  Drs.  Ziegenha- 
gen  and  Francke.  from  which  we  quote : 

"  "When  my  permission  was  made  public,  there  was  such  a  ':onc°"';fJ 
and  throng  in  St.  Michael's  as  never  before  had  taken  p  ace  a.  hey  to  d 
me)  since  the  church  was  erected.  I  did  "^^^8^,^,  ^\\^;.  ^"  ,^^  ^  .vkh 
my  small  chamber,  feeling  like  a  condemned  publican  "^"'^^f^^^"?-;'^'^' 
ars  nr-ivine  the  Chief  Shepherd  and  Bishop  ol  souls  to  defend  this  act 

S  anvthim"of  th        ort,  since  I  am  slow  to  believe  or  trust  in  any  good 
either    nnn°elf  or  in  n  v  own.  save  what  God's  grace  and  mercv  give      I 

ouTd  not  take   It   ill   in'my  brethren  '" , pV^r'^li^'ed^   -fTe-oldta^ 
love   to  the   cause,  said  to  each  other:   'God  be  prai»ed!   if  the  old   man 
Ihould  depart    Providence  has  sent  us  a  young  substitute  who  in  case  ot 
need  may  assist  and  comfort  us! 

Thu/he  graduallv  became  his  father-s  assistant  and  while  this 
i-elationsliip\-xisted  he  preached  at  such  points  as  Barren  FIill 
IMkestown.  Macungie  and  neigh.borhood.  in  Pennsylvania,  and  m 
New  Germantown.  and  Bedminster.  in  New  Jersey.  In  1769  (June 
20)  the  Lutheran  Svnod  licensed  him  to  preach  and  thereatter.  for 
a  year  or  two.  he  served  the  congregations  on  the  Raritan  in  New. 
iJrsev.  named  above,  as  his  father's  substitute.  Here  his  services 
were'duly  appreci;  ted  an<l  cjuite  satisfactory.  It  is  probable  that 
he  took  to  this  New  Jersey  [.arisli  his  bride  in  1 770. 


Tin:  i'i:\\s r/. r.i .v/.i -(//;am/  i .v. 


Ill  1772  he  receivLHl  a  call  from  the  Lutheran  congregation  in 
Woodstock,  \'a.,  in  whicii  vicinity  a  great  many  Lntherans  of 
Pennsylvania  had  recently  settled.  ']~o  accept  this  position  the 
laws  of  the  State  required  his  re-ordination  b}'  the  Church  of 
Englaml,  which  necessitated  his  journeying  to  London.  This  he 
did  at  once,  and  was  ordained  April  2T,.  1772,  at  the  Royal  Chapel 
of  St.  James,  the  Lishoj)  of  London  officiating'.  Upon  his  return, 
lie  settled  with  his  }otnig  famil}-  at  Woodstock — ha\ing  married, 
Novemlier  6,  1770,  Mi>s  Anna  luirhara  ]\Ieyer.  of  Philadelphia — 
?.nd  continued  to  serve  the  Lutheran  Church  of  that  place  with 
g'reat  acceptance  imtil  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution.  Legend 
has  it  that  Washington  once  ])artook  of  communion  here. 


-<•     "ST'^aSS^Ki.iteiJ.o  tOi^eL-k 


ALTAR  CLOTH  AND  COMiMUNION  SERVICES 


FRIKDEF'^ICH  ■  HENGERER. 

EVA  MAR.\GRED.-\  HENGERIX 

^     WVTSTACK     eg 

GOTT  •  ALEIN  •  DIE  ■  EHR  •   1767. 


He  had  always  taken  deep  interest  in  civil  as  well  as  in  Church 
aflfairs.  The  agitation  which  preceded  the  outbreak  of  the  Revo- 
lution of  ihe  colonies,  stirred  his  patriotic  heart  and  swept  him 
into  tlie  very  local  leadership  of  the  American  cause.  The  friends 
of  liberty  found  in  him  a  l)ra\e.  intelligent  and  trustworthy  guide. 
Lie  kept  hims«. If  informed  of  the  mo\ement  and  with  a  heart  all 


(ii:.\.  .]()}i\  a.  ri'/ri'.R  Mriii.i:\iii:i:(;.  7 

ai^l'iw  wiih  j.atrioiic  fervor  liis  lips  could  not  be  sealed.  His  ser- 
liii'iis  and  pul)!ie  addresses  breathed  a  lufty  sentiment  in  favor  of 
inilependenee.  llie  community  learned  tei  trust  him  as  counsellor 
and  rleeted  liim,  in  TJ/-].  as  chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Safety 
of  his  count\-.  a  member  of  the  X'irt^inia  House  of  lluri^csses,  anil 
in  1776  a  deleg^ate  to  the  State  Convention.  Here  he  became  i)er- 
sonallv  acquainted  with  Geori^e  W'asliington,  Patrick  Henry  and 
other  eminent  A'irginia  Statesmen,  whose  lofty  views  he  shared 
and  whose  close  personal  friendship  he  enjoyed  and  maintained 
durinf;-  all  the  tr\  ing-  years  to  come.  It  was  at  the  earnest  solicita- 
tion rf  General  \Va.<1hncton.  who  hail  learned  to  know  and  admire 


P*. 


'y^ 


4 


iad^ii'^iSHky-jt  i 


LUTHERAN  CHURCH  AND  GRAVEYARD.  WOODSTOCK,  VA. 

his  ardent  patriotism,  that  he  was  induced  to  accept  a  colonel's 
commission. 

Antl  now  the  soldier-preacher  did  a  beautiful  and  impressive 
tiling  that  has  come  to  be  among  the  best  remembered  events  of 
his  life.  Having  received  his  military  appointment  he  took  public 
leave  of  his  congregation  in  a  most  striking  manner.  One  Sunday, 
>'d)'>ut  the  middle  of  January,  t77'>,  he  preached  an  eloquent  ser- 
nu)n  on  the  wrongs  this  countrv  had  suffered  from  British  tvrannv. 


s  77/7; /7;.v.\,s)/J  i-vy  i-(/7;am/.i.v. 

aiul  closcxl  with  lliesc  words:  "'J'here  is  a  time  for  all  thinL;^ — a 
tinio  to  prcacli  and  a  tii;ie  to  pray  :  hut  there  is  also  a  time  tu  tight, 
and  that  time  has  now  come.""  Having  preumisly  donned  a  mili- 
tarv  imiform,  which  was  liid  liy  his  clerical  robes,  he  now,  having 
closed  the  service  with  the  henedicti()n,  threw  off  his  gown,  and, 
at  the  church  door,  ordered  the  drum  to  he  heat  for  recruits  while 
making  an  appeal  for  \-olunteers,  which  was  instantly  responded  to 
by  nearly  three  hundred  of  his  tltjck.  Thi.s  thrilling  scene  lias 
been  thus  described: 

"Tlicn  followed  a  scene  to  wliich  even  the  American  Revolution,  rich  a? 
it  is  in  bright  exaini)!es  of  the  patriotic  devotion  of  the  people  affords 
no  parallel.  His  audience,  e.xcited  in  the  highest  degree  by  the  impas- 
sioned words  which  had  fallen  frciin  his  lips,  tlocked  around  him.  eager 
to  hf  ranked  among  his  followers.  Old  men  were  seen  bringing  forward 
their  children,  wives  their  lui.^hands,  and  widowed  mothers  their  sons, 
sending  them  under  his  paternal  care  to  fight  the  battles  of  their  country. 
It  must  liavf  been  a  noble  sight,  and  the  cause  thus  supported  could  not 
fail." 

We  are  sorry  that  nc»  print  of  the  original  church,  in  which  these 
scenes  were  enacted,  is  extant.  But  we  are  enabled  throtigh  Mr. 
L.  S.  Walker,  an  iK^iored  ofiicer  of  the  present-day  congregation, 
to  give  a  view  of  the  (jld  communion  cloth  and  service  which  Pas- 
tor Muhlenberg  used  and  a  print  of  the  present  church  edifice,- 
third  in  ntmiber.  with  a  part  of  the  old  graveyard,  where  this  mili- 
tary company  was  formed.  The  story  of  this  exchange  of  spiritual 
for  carnal  warfare  is  beautifully  told  also  in  T.  Buchanan  Read's 
fme  poem,  entitled  "The  Revolutionary  Rising": 

"Out  of  the  North  the  wild  news  came, 
Far  flashing  on  its  wings  of  flame. 
Swift  as  the  boreal   light   which   flies 
.-\t  midnight  through  the  startled  skies. 
And  there  was  tumult  in  the  air, 
The  fife's  shrill   note,   the  drum's  loud  beat. 
And  through  the  wide  land  everywhere 
The  answering  tread  of  hurrying  feet; 
While  th.e  first  oath  of  Freedom's  gun 
Came  on  the  bla^t  at   Lexington; 
And   Concord  roused,   no  longer  tame. 
Forgot  lier  old  baptismal  name. 
Macle   bare   lier   patriotic  arm  of  power, 
And  swelled   the  discord  of  the  hour. 

"Within  its  shade  of  elm  and  oak 
Tiie  church  of   Berkley   Manor  stood. 
TJiere  Sunday  found  the  rural  folk 
.-\nd   some  e.-^teemed   of  gentle   blood. 
In  vain  their  feet  with  loitering  tread 
Passed  'mid  the  graves  wliere  rank  is  naucht, 
.All  could   not  read  the  lesson  taught 
In   that   republic   of  the   dead. 


vi:-\.  Jous  (1.  ririKU  mi  ni.i-MH-h'r,. 

•}IoNV   sweet   the   hour  ot   Sabhatli   talk 
The  vale  with  peace  and  sunshine  lulL 
Where  all  the  happy  people  walk. 
Decked  in  their  homespun   ^ax  and   ^"'^J  ; 
Where  vouth's   gay  hats  with  blossoms  bloom, 
\nd   everv   maid   with   simple  art, 
Wears   on   her   breast,   like   her   own   heart, 
A  bud  whose  depths  are  all  perfume; 
While   every    garments'    gentle   stir 
Is    breathing    rose    and    lavender. 

"The   pastor   came;   his   snowy   locks 
Hallowed    h.s    brow    of    thought    and    care; 
And   calmlv.   as   shepherds   lead   their   flocks, 
He   led   into  the   house   of   prayei. 
Then  soon  he  rose;  the  prayer  was  strong; 
The   Psalm  was  warrior  David  s  >ong; 
The  text  a  few  short  words  ot  might— 
'The   Lord  of  hosts   shall   arm   the   right! 
He  spoke  of  wrongs  too  long  endured, 
Of   sacred   rights  to    be    secured; 
Then   from   his   patriot  tongue   ot   flame 
The   startling   words   of    Freedom   came. 
The   stirring  sentences  he  spake 
Compelled  the  heart  to   glow  or  quake 
And.   rising   on   the   theme  s  broad   wmg. 
And  grasping  in  his  nervous  hand 
The   imayinarv   battle-brand 
In  face  ol  death  he  dared  to  flmg 
Detiance  to  a  tyrant  king. 

"Even  as  he  spoke,  his  frame,  renewed 
In  eloquence   of  attitude. 
Rose    as  it  seemed  a  shoulder  higher ;_ 
Then'  swept   his   kindling   glance    ot    hre 
From  startled  pew  to  breathless  choir 
When  suddenlv  his  mantle  wide 
His  hands   impatient   flung  aside. 
And  lol  he  met  their  wondrous  eyes 
Complete    in   all    a    warrior  s    guise. 

"A   moment   there   was    awful   pause—     •  • 
When  Berklev  cried.  "Cease,  traitor.  Lease 
God  s  temple  is  the  house  of  peace. 
The   other   shouted.    'Nay.   not   so. 
When  God  is  with  our  righteous  cause: 
His  holiest   places  then   are   ours. 
His  temples  are  our   forts  and  towers 
That   frown  upon   the   tyrant   toe; 
In  this,  the  dawn   of   Freedoni  s  day. 
There  is  a  time   for  fight  and  pray. 

"And  now  before  -the  open  door— 
The   warrior    priest   had    ordered    so— 
The  enlisting  trumpet's  sudden  roar    _ 
Rang   through   the    chapel   o  cr   and   o  er. 
Its   long  reverberating   blow. 

■     So  loud  and  clear  it  seemed  the  ear 


10  niK  VKS S HY lA  AM A-(l E RM A^ . 

-    Ot'  dii-'ty   (l(.atli    must    wake   and   hear. 
And  tliere  the  startling-  drum  and  fife 
I'ired   the   living   witli   fiercer  hfe; 
While   overhead,    witli    wild   increase 
Forgerfing   its   ancient   toll   of   peace 
The  great  bell   swung  as  ne'er  before. 
It  seenied  as  it  wnuld  never  cease 
And  every   word   its  ardor   llung 
From  oft  its  iidjilant  iron  tongue 
Was,    ■ll'iir!   'll'ar!    H'ar.'' 
*\\'ho  dares?' — this  was  the  patriot's  cry, 
As   striding   from    the   desk    he   came — 
"Come  out  with  me.  in   Freedom's   Name 
For    her    to   li\c!    For    her    to    die! 
A  liundred  liands  fhmg   up  reply 
A  lumdred  voices  answered  "F 

Very  soon  Col.  Muhlenberg'  had  raised  what  was  known  as  the 
"German  Regiment""  and  which  tnider  his  command  as  the  Eighth 
Virginia,  gained  a  reputation  fdr  discipline  and  valiant  ser\ice. 
The  part  which  he  touk  in  the  long  ]\e\'olnti(inary  contlict  would 
alone  fttrnish  snflicient  material  for  a  long  sketch.  It  is,  however, 
within  the  limits  ot  our  present  account  merely  to  give  the  most 
general  record  of  that  portion  of  Mr.  Muhlenberg's  life  upon 
which  his  greatest  fame  rests. 

Having  raised  his  regiment,  Col.  Muhlenberg  at  once  marched 
to  the  relief  of  Siiftolk  and  later  under  General  Lee  to  North  Caro- 
lina, thence  to  Charleston,  S.  C.  where  his  regiment  participated 
in  the  l)attle  of  Sullivan's  Island  and  all  the  Southern  campaigns, 
winning  many  a  laurel  for  gallant  conduct  and  brave  fighting. 
The  Colonel  was  promoted  to  a  I'rigadier-C^ieneralship,  in  1777,  in' 
recognition  of  his  services  in  this  Southern  Campaign. 

Having  now  been  raised  tc  the  rank  of  a  superior  officer  he  took 
charge  of  all  the  continental  troops  of  the  \'irginia  line  then  in  that 
State.  By  order  of  Congress  he  was  urged  to  hasten  the  recruiting 
of  the  several  regiments  and  move  northward  to  join  the  main 
army  as  speedily  as  possible.  P.y  May,  1777,  he  started  his  brigade 
for  Morristown,  X.  J.,  then  General  Washington's  headquarters. 
The  campaign  of  this  season  was  just  opening,  and  General  Muh- 
lenberg's brigade  did  gallant  service  in  the  skirmishing  at  ^lid- 
dlebrook,  the  bloody  iield  of  r)randywine,  and  the  various  blows 
struck  (alas!  but  futile)  in  defence  of  Philadelphia,  the  capital  of 
the  States.  We  must  refer  the  reader  to  history  and  more  tninute 
descri|>tions  of  the  l^att  es  of  T-rand) wine,  Germantown,  etc.,  to  see 


<;k.\.  jo/i.y  a.  i-i:ri:i!  MciiLiisnr.ua.  ii 

ilie  ljra\c  and  cixditahle  part  plaxed  b\'  General  IMuhlcnberg  and 
Ill's  excellent  brigade  during'  tiiis  _\ear. 

The  General  shared  with  tlie  main  army  the  indescribable  pri- 
vations endured  in  their  encam[)ment  at  \'alle}-  b^orge  during  the 
severe  winter  of  1777-/8.  During  encampment  here  he  woukl  oc- 
casionally visit  his  father's  family,  spending  the  night  there,  and 
several  times  narrowly  escajied  being  captured  b}"  iiritish  scouts. 
He  also  spent  a  week  in  \  irginia,  during  the  month  c»f  February, 
giving  attention  there  to  jiressing  private  business  affairs. 

The  campaign  of  1778  opened  with  the  General  beginning  his 
inarch  towards  Xew  York,  in  company  with  the  main  army.  His 
farmer  residence  in  Xew  Jersey,  and  consecjuent  knowledge  of  lo- 
cal geography  served  him  and  the  arm}-  well.  His  brigade  was 
under  General  Lee,  and  therefore  moved  as  the  vanguard  of  the 
main  ami}'.  At  the  Delaware  the  order  of  march  was  changed, 
which  left  General  Muhlenberg's  brigade  under  the  major-general- 
ship of  the  ?^Iarquis  de  Lafaxette.  The  only  significant  occurrence 
in  this  march  was  the  hard-fought  l)aUle  of  Monmouth  on  June 
j8th,  where,  though  Muhlenberg's  bi'igade  was  si;)niewhat  swal- 
lowed up  in  the  mass  of  the  contending  ami}-,  they  }"et  W(jn  the 
praise  of  their  opponents.  As  an  English  account  says,  referring 
to  this  division,  "their  second  line  jn-eserved  a  better  countenance, 
and  resisted  a  fierce  and  eager  attack  with  great  obstinacy.  *  * 
'J  hey  evinced  a  degree  of  recollection,  as  well  as  resolution,  after 
^having  been  routed,  rarely  found  in  taking  up  a  third  position, 
which  they  maintained."  A  critic  of  the  battle,  however,  claims 
that  "'the  Muhlenberg  brigade  never  receded  from  the  position  in 
which  it  repulsed  the  enem}"s  repeated  attacks." 

I'>om  Monmouth  the  American  forces  proceeded  to  Brunswick 
and  from  thence  to  I'aranmo  and  from  thence  to  White  Plains,  N. 
^.  After  operations  necessitated  t'te  breaking  up  of  camp  at 
\\  kite  Plains,  (jcneral  Midilenberg,  with  his  Mrginia  brigade, 
was  ordered  to  West  Point,  while  his  counsel  on  matters  of  winter 
•luarters,  movements  of  the  army,  and  plans  of  attacking  the 
enemy  were  often  sought  and  respectfully  treated  by  his  Coiii- 
inaiuler-in-Chief.  During  the  winter  of  1778-79,  the  army  was 
scattered,  and  General  ]\Iuhlenberg,  having  been  stationed  at 
^liddlebrook  with  h  s  division,  where,  dcsjnte  the  uncomfortable 
■situation  of  spending  the  winter  in  huts,  this  p(:)rtion  of  the  army 


12  Tin:  rr.wsYiA  AMA-(;i;iniAy. 

g-encniUy  had  a  gay  time.  IJcre  the}-  rciiKiined  encanipod  until 
the  middle  oi  June,  and  the  entire  year  of  1779  furnished  little  of 
interest  in  the  life  of  Muhlenberg,  save  that  his  brigade  and  that 
of  General  Wayne's  were  detailed  to  strike  a  blow  at  the  enemy 
at  Stony  Point,  to  whieli  j)laee  they  had  foreed  their  mareh  in 
June,  and  in  which  exploit  he  acted  his  part  well. 

The  opening  of  the  next  winter  found  General  Muhlenberg  in 
quarters  with  the  main  army,  at   Morristown.     The  enemv  now 
made  a  southern  expedition  and  early  in  the  winter  he  was  sent  to 
Virginia  to  assume  chief  command  of  that  State.     Now,  for  the 
first  time,  he  was  put  on  his  own  resources,  to  act  upon  his  own 
discretion,    having   {previously    alwa_\s    served    in    a    suliordinate 
capacity.     ]\v  the  enemy's  capture  of  nearly  all  the  \'irginia  line 
under  Generals  Woodford  and  Lincoln,  he  was  obliged  to  raise, 
equip  and  discij)line  almost  :u\  entircl_\-  new  ami}-  for  the  purpose 
of  defen.ding  his  State.     I'he  success  with  which  this  task    was 
performed  was  evinced  1)}   the  large  and  well-disciplined  body  of 
troops,   who  later,  imder  Lafayette,   joined   the   Commander-in- 
chief  before  the  entrenchments  of  Yorkto\\n.     Llis  selection  for 
this,  then  critical  and  important  duty,  is  the  highest  compliment 
paid   General    Muhlenberg's   military   ability   and   reliability   that 
Congress  and  Cieneral  Washington  could  have  paid  him.    Thomas 
Jefferson,  who  was  then  Governor  of  X'irginia,  placed  the  whole 
resources  of  the  State  into  the  hand  of  his  friend,  now  military 
commandant,  and  thus  greatly  aided  him  in  his  Herculean  task  at 
that  critical  period,  when  the  Old  Dominion  was  passing  through 
^  most  crucial  tests  of  her  h  yalty.     \'oluntary  enlistments  proved 
ineffectual,  and  the  Stale  was  constrained,  at  General   Muhlen- 
berg's request,  to  pass  a  conscription  law,  which  measure  alone 
saved  the  State  antl  proliabl}-  the  cause  of  independence. 

The  fall  of  Charleston,  in  Max-,  and  consequent  developments, 
proved  it  necessary  for  the  main  American  Army  to  luove  south- 
ward and  fight  the  battle  of  independence  to  a  finish  on  a  southern 
field.  The  conduct  of  General  ]\Iulilenberg  in  all  this  critical 
period,  whether  at  the  head  of  the  recruiting  department  or  in 
command  of  a  raw  arm_\-  repelling  the  invasion  of  the  enemy,  or 
of  making  soldiers  out  of  militia,  or  personally  suppressing  mutiny 
among  the  dfficers  Oi  other  divisi(.ns  of  the  army,  are  all  alike 
c  -editable  to  the  gallant  patriot. 


,;,;,v.  .;oHV  <:.  m-i-i;   miiiikshuI':.  " 

n-n.U-r  at  ^  orkloun.  Ouicial  -  ^{ivclti'  Mni«\  "1110 

.K,  ,„M  infanuy  „f  .he  n.a.n  arm  ■  '    '      ;,        ^,,^^^.  ^„.  „„ 

.„„..r  e,f  Wa.l,in8U.n  s  ar,n>      ^^j     ;";    ^        "  „,  „,„,,  ,„  Ml 

.,  ^^^^^^^^^--^'^^^^If::^..  U,c  cc nana  of 

"•  "«'"  '"'".:;•,,::,,;    'it  of  s.on,nng-  .„•:  encny-s  flanW 

;s:;:t;:;::oc...^>.o->--;;-/:-;--^^ 

^"^""-  ■     „       ,„lvl  the  «ar    though  n.anv  pcTSons  in  bigh 

This  practicaliy  ended  the      '"  •  .  ^^.^,„,,,  ,„  „,;„1, 

an.hority  were  of  the  op.n.on  that  ano.l,      ""_;^.^^,,,,i„„,.  General 

^'"•''r-'"--:-  ■,,;:    "v Ld,    t       ->  appoi,ttea  a.  the  P-ace  ot 
rupKllv  as  p(>Ml)K-      ^^  ^'^^"  o  mum-iI  ditriu?  that  sum- 

,.,era,rende.v,.,sand,..>aed..^^ 

mer  trequently  to  MMt  h  ^   ta,      > '  .^  ^,^^,,.  l^eeping  up  a 

away.    Nor  ^vas  tins  an  ulle  po.t.       1\^^'^   ^^     .     ;^^^^  Waslnng- 

ton.  now  in  headquarters  at  \.^hn^^         ^  ^^^^  ^      .^.^^ 

-  March,  t;S3-  ^^-^;.^^:;;:;:!a^;;rwlrU  of  collecting 

hv  the  comnnssioner;.  at  1  at  it.  wuie. 

-    reeruits  an<l  of  other  n>ihtary  operation.  ^[.,:,>r-enera1  hv 

Muhlenberg  was  promoted  to  ^l^^fj^^J^  rented 

ae,  of  Congre.s  passed  September  3'-\  '»-  ;;'\^.^,^  ,,,„„,,„  ,Us- 

|,v  length  and  hriUianey  ol  serviee.     fhe  a  ,       w 

,.„ded,  where  General  ^Vashingt..n  s  -  J-^^^^,.,,^,  ,^ 

?•  --Hvered,  .u^tbe  o^e.^    nn  e.n  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^  ^_^^  ^,_^^^  ^^_^_ 

their  pursuits  ot  pcaee.  immh,-,  1,„,,..,denee 

.,         ;.,!,.«  treasure  of  hbertv  and  nideptnoenei. 
cessorsthepiieelet.tiea.uie  -.;,,,  ;„  Woodstoek,  \  a.. 

(ieu.  Mtddeuberg  returned  to  '"•'"■>,  ;,„,,„,  „£  ,|,c' 
,  „ow  found  a  iteeessary  u>  -u^^^^^^ 

irr':,,:::- as';;::";::  - ---ed.  saymg .-. .  ...u 


14  Tin:  }'i:S  S >i\  L\  AM A'd i: R M .\s . 

never  do  to  mount  the  parson  after  the  sohHcr." 

He  tlierefore  removed  to  1 'enns)  Ivania  the  following  Xctvemher 
and  in  conseijuence  of  losses  sustained,  set  ahout  to  reimhurse  him- 
self h\  >eeu]ar  husiness.  J  le  was  at  the  point  of  engaj;int;-  in  mer- 
cantile husiness  in  i'hiladelphia,  with  his  hrother-in-law,  when  cir- 
cumstances de\eloped  which  made  h.im  abandon  tlie  project. 
Leaving  his  family  at  the  Irap^pe,  I'a.,  where  his  aged  father  was 
still  livmg,  he  start(xl  out  to  see  and  locale  the  military  boimty 
lands,  received  for  his  ser\ices  during  the  war.  These  amounted 
to  13,000  acres,  and  intending  to  locate  them  u})on  the  C)hio,  west 
of  I-'orl  Pitt,  in  the  territory  of  Ohio,  he  set  out  on  horseback  to 
attend  to  the  same.  Leaving  the  Trappe  hYbruarN-  22,  1784,  ac- 
companied by  Captain  I'aske,  and  traveling  \ia  Reading,  Lebanon, 
Harris  I^Vrry,  Carlisle,  Ik'dford  and  J'ittsburg,  his  journey  was 
most  venturesome  as  evidenced  1)}  the  ver_\  interesting  journal  pre- 
served of  the  same,  .\fter  a  most  hazardtjus  trip  of  four  months 
he  returned  in  safety  and  gave  to  Congress  a  lengthy  report  of  his 
visit  and  doings.  A  second  trip  was  necessary  to  finally  settle 
these  land  warrants.  He  aN(>  located  lanos  for  his  friend  (jcneral 
Steuben  in  this  second  visit.  It  was  upon  the  tract  here  selected 
that  his  sons  settled  later,  who  afterwards  became  prominent  in 
the  politics  of  that  new  State.  May  they  not  have  ha<l  their  part 
in  naming  the  southern  metropolis  of  the  State,  after  this  settle- 
ment by  the  soldiery  society  of  the  Cincinnati? 

The  Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  which  was  an  organization  in- 
tended to  keep  alive  auK^ng  the  ofilicers  of  the  Revolution  the  mem- 
ory of  their  common  experience  an.d  to  secure  some  sense  of  jus- 
tice at  the  hand  of  a  favored  country,  for  their  sacrifices,  enrolled 
the  General  as  an  active  member,  until  violent  attacks  upon  the 
safhe  order  made  it  expedient  to  withdraw. 

General  ^Muhlenberg's  score  of  years  given  t(j  civil  life,  follow- 
ing the  estaldishment  of  peace  and  con^titutional  government  are 
full  of  interest  and  fruitful  in  meritorious  honors  that  crown  his 
already  conspicuous  career.  But  we  must  confine  the  narration 
cf  these  to  the  veriest  summary. 

In  17S5  he  was  elected  by  the  people  of  Pennsylvania  as  \'ice- 
Presidcnt  of  the  State,  under  the  then  existing  constitution,  with 
Benjamin  Franklin  as  President.  He  was  annually  elected  to  this 
office  until  17S8,  the  greater  portion  of  which  time  the  reins  of  the 


ai:\.  JOHN  a.  ri:ri:h'  mi  iii.i:M'>i:h'(j'.  is 

Slate's  <;-ovcninK'nt  were  in  his  hand  in  conse(iuence  of  Dr.  hrank- 
Vurs  al)sence  fron-i  home  on  National  husiness.  ll  was  at  this  time 
that  the  insurrection  of  \\  yoniing  occurred  in  consequence  of  the 
rival  claims  of  the  States  of  Connecticut  and  I'eimsylvania,  and 
it  became  his  unpleasant  duty  to  suppress  the  same.  History  has 
told  how  wisely  this  was  done. 

The  question  of  the  formation  of  a  new  national  constitution 
also  came  up  at  this  time,  which  was  accomplished  in  a  convention 
that  met  at  Philadelphia  and  v. Inch,  on  the  i/th  of  September, 
1787,  consummated  its  work.  There  was  considerable  opposition 
to  its  adoption  by  the  States.  It  is  due  largely  to  the  exertions  of 
General  Muhlenberg  and  his  brother,  Frederick,  (speaker  of  the 
State  Convention  called  to  act  upon  this  question),  who  controlled 
the  German  element  then  in  the  ascendency,  that  the  Keystone 
State  was  so  speedy  in  its  adoption,  which  greatly  influenced  the 
other  States  to  do  likewise.  In  1788,  eleven  of  the  thirteen  original 
States  had  adoi)ted  the  instrument,  and  the  provisions  of  the  same 
became  operative.  Accordingly  an  election  for  the  first  United 
States  Congress  was  ordered,  which  took  place  in  December  of  the 
same  year.  Roth  the  General  and  his  brother,  Frederick-,  were. 
chosen  as  two  out  of  eight  representatives  on  the  general  ticket. 

When  tliis  Congress  met  and  organized  in  New  York  City  in 
the  spring  of  1781) — nearly  a  month  after  the  time  set  (}\Iarch 
4th)  on  account  of  a  lack  of  a  quorum  beforehand — Frederick  A. 
Muhlenberg  was  chosen  speaker,  while  the  General  served  on 
several  responsible  committees  in  this  first  very  important  national 
assembly ;  and  in  the  light  of  future  events  his  position  on  all 
grave  questions  then  agitating  this  body  was  safe  and  sound. 

Just  as  General  Muhlenberg  contributed  much,  directly  and  in- 
directlv.  to  the  adoption  of  the  National  Constitution  in  17S7,  so 
the  adoption  of  the  new  State  Constitution  in  1790,  wdiich  was  long 
regarded  "bv  good  judges  to  be  the  best  in  the  union,  if  not  in  the 
world,"  was  in  a  great  measure  to  be  attributed  to  this  strong 
friend  of  progress,  the  trusted  champion  of  his  German  fellow- 
citizens. 

In  December.  1793.  the  third  I'nited  States  Congress  assembled 
and  General  Muhlenberg  was  again  a  member,  elected  to  repre- 
sent the  Montgomery  district  of  Pennsylvania,  and  he  served 
until  March,  I7i;5.     He  again  served  on  many  important  commit- 


16  THE  PFWSYIA-  {\!A-(lFh'M\\: 

tees,  principally  sncli  as  a])pcrtainc(l  to  niililarv  affairs.  He  was 
also  a  Presidential  elector  from  I'ennsylvania  in  1797,  and  was  re- 
elected to  the  Fourth  Congress. 

\\''hen  in  1798  the  agg'ressions  of  hVance  rendered  the  raising  of 
an  army  necessary  hy  our  cc)untry,  placed  under  command  of 
General  Washington,  that  great  commander  presented  to  the 
Secretary  of  War,  the  name  of  General  Peter  ^Muhlenberg,  among 
others,  as  worthy  of  a  place  as  general  officer — even  at  a  time  when 
the  administration  was  in  the  hands  of  the  political  opponents  to 
the  strong  republican  of  Pennsylvania.  He  took  active  and  promi- 
nent part  in  the  political  turmoil  of  those  troublesome  times, 
known  in  IVmisylvania  as  the  "Reign  of  Terror."  resulting  from 
political  questions  such  as  the  contest  between  Jefferson  and  Burr, 
etc.  When  this  questioti  came  into  Congress  for  settlement  Muh- 
lenberg again  stood  firmly,  during  thirt}'-six  ballots  by  his  old 
friend,  Thomas  JeiTerson,  which  course  future  events  have  justi- 
fied as  having  been  wise  and  ]iatriotic. 

On  the  18th  of  Februar_\-,  1801.  his  State  Legislature  elected  him 
as  a  member  of  the  United  Slates  Senate.  He,  however,  served 
his  countr)-  but  a  few  months  in  this  capacity,  since  on  the  30th 
of  June  of  the  same  year  he  was  offered  by  President  Jetterson 
the  post  of  Supervisor  of  the  Internal  Revenue  for  Pennsylvania, 
which  he  accepted.  About  a  year  later  (Jul)',  1S02  i  he  was  ap- 
pointed Collector  of  the  f\trt  of  Philadelphia  which  important  and 
lucrative  position  he  held  until  his  death,  which  occurred  at  his 
home,  near  that  city,  on  the  1st  of  October,  1S07- — the  61  st  anni- 
versary oi  his  birth. 

Air.  Aluhlenberg  was  highly  honored  in  life  and  death.  Two 
States  had  learned  to  love  and  trust  him.  A'irginia's  long  list  of 
patriots  in  that  period  were  his  intimate  friends,  while  Pennsyl- 
vania regarded  him  as  one  of  her  firstborn  sons.  His  death  was 
most  of  all  lamented  by  his  own  German  countrymen,  who  had 
looked  upon  him  as  their  special  leader.  He  is  one  of  the  two 
Pennsylvanians  whom  the  National  Government  honored  by 
_ statues  in  the  Capifal  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

He  had  a  family  of  four  children,  three  sons  and  one  daughter. 
Two  of  his  sons  survived  him,  and  both  attained  to  some  distinc- 
tion. Peter  was  a  major  in  the  army  of  the  war  of  1S12  with 
Great  Britain,  while  IVancis  to^k  up  residence  in  Ohio,  and  was 


(;i:x.  j()f/.\  (1.  1'i:ti:r  mi  iiLi:\rj:i;(!. 


17 


al'UTwards  elected  to  tliat  State's  Legislature  and  meniher  of  the 
_'olli  I'oiigress  from  (  )hio.  A  grandson  served  with  distinction  as 
a  surgeon  an.d  medical  director  in  the  late  Civil  War. 

(ieneral  .Muhlenherg's  remains  are  interred  in  the  i)eaceful  vil- 
lage graveyard  at  the  Tra[)pe,  i'a.,  next  the  church,  in  which  lie 
was  l)ai)tized,  where  they  rejiosc  by  the  side  of  those  of  his  hon- 
<ired  father.  His  grave  is  marked  1)\'  a  simiile  stone  containing 
the  follow  ing  epitaph  : 


SAC RED 

TO   THE    M K:\I0RV    OF 

GENERAL   PETER    MUHLENF-ERGd 

BORN   OCT.    I.    1746.       DIED    OCT.    i.    1807. 

HE    WAS    BRAVE    IN    THE    EIELD. 

FAITHFUL    L\    THE    CAIUNET. 

HOXOURARI.E    L\    ALL    HIS    TRANSACTIONS. 

A    SINCERF;    I'RIEND, 

AND 

AN    HONEST    M.^N. 


We  are  indebted  t«j  Mr.  H.  M.  M.  Richards  for  :Iic  following  genealog- 
ical table  of  General  Mulilonberg's  descendaius. 

i.  Hk.nrv  Mvf.rs  Muiii,eni;erg,  born  Oct.  9.  1775;  died  July  7,  i8c6; 
no  issue. 

II.  Charles  Freperuk  Muiii.exderg,  born  Nov.  16,  177S;  died  ALay 
31.  1/95;   uo  issue. 

III.  Hester  Muhlenrerg,  born  .April  i,  17S5:  died  July  21,  1S72: 
married  April  10,  1810.  Dr.  Isaac  Hiester,  of  Reading. — a  distinguished 
practitioner  and  foremost  citizen  of  his  native  county  and  adopted  city. 
Their  issue: 

1.  Amu  Midslcnbcrg  Hiesta\  born  Oct.  28.  1812:  married  John 
I'ringle  Jones,  a  lawyer  of  Philadelphia;  Deputy  Attorney  Gen- 
eral of  Berks   Co.;  Judge  of  Third  District. 

(a)     John   Pringle   Hiester  Jones.     Had  one   son    (b)  John   P. 

2.  John  Peter  Muhlenberg  Hiester,  born  May  3,  1815;  died  March  10, 
1834.     No  issue. 

3.  William  Muhlenberg  Hiester,  born  May  15,  iSiS;  died  August  16, 
1878;  married  Julia  F.  Roland.  Pie  was  a  lawyer  at  Reading  bar, 
Pennsylvania  State  Senator  and  Speaker  of  Senate,  1852-55,  and 
by   Gov.   Packer  appointed  Secretary  of  the   Commonwealth,    1S5S- 


61. 


(,a)     A  son,  born  Feb.  20,  J853;  died  March  20,   1853. 


IS 


Tin-:  /'/; v\ syia  .\ \i.\-<ii:h'  1/ 1  v 


(h)      I>aac    }Iic'Stcr.   Ixnn  January  S.    1856:   admitted  Id    Reading- 
bar.    1878.      Sinjj;k\ 
4.     Frdiicis   Miihloiboi;   I  Hester,   liorn    March    11.    iSjq:    died   April   9. 
1864:  nianied  l-".lta  V.  l.aunian.     A  noted  physician  of  Reading:,  Pa., 
suigeon    in   army.    i8r>i.   and    Midical   director.    Dept.    of   Ohio. 

(a)  Ge'»ri;e   I.anmau   Iliester.   Born   Mav  29,   18^7;  died  June  5. 
1H57. 

(b)  Anna   Huldenberg  Iliester.  born  January  13,   1859;  niarr 
Dr.   H.   Chnton   McSherry;   no  issue. 

(c)  ]'"d\\ardine  Lauman  Iliester.  burn  October  28,  186.3;  married 
Jolm  A.  lloogcwerft ;   (i)   Have  issue  one  son,   Hiester. 

I\^     l^vrKK    MrnLKNr.i-.R(;,    born    March    20,    1787;    died   Aug.    21,    1844; 
larried   Sarah   Coleman,   "-^f   Readin.g,    Pa 

Died 


ied 


married  Sarah  Coleman,  "-^f  Readin.g,  Pa.  lie  was  captain  Ot!'. 
Infantry  1811-14,  and  ^^lajor  ,3T>t  Regt.  U.  S.  Infantry,  1S14-15. 
at   Grand   l'2c<>re.    La.,   where   his   regiment    was   statidued. 

1.  Cathariiii-  .hiiia  Miililciibcrf:.  born  Nov.  19,  1827;  died  Nov.  5, 
1894:  tnarried  her  cousin.  Rev.  Frederick  A.  }iIuhlenbero-.  D.D  , 
LL.  D. 

(a)  Kriiest  A.    Muhlenberg,   born   May  9.   1850.     Single. 

(b)  William  F,  Muhlenberg,  born  Nov.  18.  1852;  married  his 
cousin,  Henrietta  Augusta  Muhlenl>erg.  A  graduate  of  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  and  a  iiracticing  physician  of  Read- 
ing, Pa.  Has  three  children,  (i)  Hiester  Henry,  (2)  Frederick 
Augustus,    (3)    Augusta   Elizabeth. 

(c)  Peter  Henrv  Muhlenberg,  born  Nov.  20,  1854;  died  Sept. 
M.   1S57. 

(d)  Frederick  .\ugustus  ^Muhlenberg,  born  Dec.  10,  1S56;  died 
Sept.   16,   i860. 

(e)  Henry    Melchoir    Muhlenlierg.    b<Trn    April    ii.    i860. 

(f)  Francis  Benjamin  Muhlenberg,  burn  August  8,  1864;  mar- 
ried  Margaret   Orr.      One   child,    Frances   Edith. 

2.  Mary  Miilileiibcrg.  born  Aug.  6,  1832;  died  Aug.  25,   1S37. 

3.  Elizabct'd  Muhlenberg,  born  Jul\-  27,   1835.     Single. 

4.  Mary  Ann  Muhlenberg,  born   May  4,    1838,   died  Nov.   29,    1840. 

5.  Franeis  Peter  Muhlenberg,  born  June  22.  1840;  married  ^^largaret 
G.  Van  Reed.  Private  Co.  G,  1st  I'eima.  Vols.  1861.  Brevet  Ma- 
jor  April,    1865.      Resides   Galesburg,    :\Iich. 

(a)      Mary  B.   Middenberg,  born  July  25,   1865;  died  March,  1866. 
(,b>      Catharine    .\.     Muhlenberg,    born    Oct.    2;^.     1867;    married 
•   Fred.  W.   I-'ranklin.     Have  two  clnldren  (4)   Margaret  M.,   (2) 
.    Francis  M. 
(c)     Elizabeth  C.   Muhlenberg,  born   Oct.   19.   1870. 

6.  Sarah   Muhlenberg,   born   April   29.    1843.      Single. 

V.  I'KAXc  Ks    SwAiXE    M I'll LE.vi! ERG,    boru    April    22,    1795;    died    1832; 
married   Mary    Denny:    no   issue.    Lawyer.     Private   Secretary   of   Gov- 

.  ernor    Joseph    Hie>ter.    niember    Ohio    Legislature.    Member    of    20fh 
Congress    from    Ohio. 

VI.  }i[AKV  .\.\.\K   Ml  Hi.KMiEKC,   boru  1793:  died   1805. 


(;i:\.  .i()ii\  (;.  i'i:ri:i;  mi  iilemuiihi.  19 

GKRMAXTOWX    }'RIENDS     FROTI^ST  AtiAIXST 
SLAVERY,  iTkSS. 

Imrst  Protkst  A(;ai.\st  S[.a\kkv  thi:  Work  or  Pi-.nxsvia'a- 
MA-Cii-JO[AXS. — The  country  is  proud  of  its  liistor}-  from  1861-65. 
'i'Jioui,'-}!  it  marks  the  period  of  one  of  the  bbuidiest  wars  of  history. 
it  represents  the  euhiiination  and  favoral)le  and  final  decision  of 
tile  long  grow  ing  opp(isition  to  human  slavery.  This  conflict  as  it 
was  first  carried  on  in  forum,  later  on  the  held  of  carnage,  has 
given  many  a  man  imperishable  fame  for  wisdom  and  power  in 
debate  and  for  valor  and  heroism  in  bloodx  conflict.  The  names 
of  Pennsylvania-Germans  are  writ! en  up()n  the  twij-fokl  tablets 
of  fame  in  this  final  settlement.  P>ut  it  is  to  the  everlasting  glory 
of  our  stock  that  the  first  protest  against  negro  slavery  was  made 
by  them.  This  jmblic  protest  was  written  by  that  nolde-spirited 
German  Quaker  of  Germantown,  Prancis  Daniel  Pastorius,  as 
early  as  1688,  and  signed  by  him  and  a  few  of  his  fellow  country- 
men. Of  him  W'hittier  has  sung  and  of  him  his  race  is  proud. 
Tiirough  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Horace  J.  Smith,  of  local  German- 
town  history  fame,  this  magazine  has  been  favored  with  a  photo- 
graphic copy  or  reprint  of  this  historic  document  the  contents  of 
which  are  here  appended: 

This  is  to  \^^  AIoxthlv   Meeting  Held  at  Richard  Worrell's. 

TIicjc  arc  the  reasons  wliy  we  are  against  the  trafhck  ut  men-body,  as 
followetli.  Is  there  any  that  would  be  done  or  handled  at  this  manner? 
viz.,  to  be  sold  or  made  a  slave  for  all  the  time  01  his  lite?  How  fearful 
and  faint-hearted  are  many  on  sea,  when  they  see  a  strange  vessel. — be- 
ing afraid  it  should  be  a  Turk,  and  they  should  be  taken,  and  sold  for 
slaves  into  Turkey.  Now  what  is  this  better  done,  as  Turks  doe?  Yae, 
rather  is  it  worse  for  them,  which  say  the}-  are  Christians;  for  we  hear 
that  i"^  most  part  of  such  negers  are  brought  hither  against  their  will 
and  consent,  and  that  many  of  them  are  stolen.  Now.  '■^">  they  are  black. 
We  cannot  conceive  there  is  more  liberty  to  have  them  slaves,  as  it  is  to 
have  other  white  ones.  There  is  a  saying,  that  we  shall  dt)e  to  all  men 
like  as  we  will  be  done  ourselves;  makitig  no  difference  of  what  genera- 
tion, descent  or  colour  they  are.  And  thuse  who  steal  or  robb  men, 
an(J  those  who  buy  or  purchase  them,  are  they  not  all  alike"  Here  is 
liberty  of  conscience.  '''■'  is  right  and  reasonable;  here  ought  to  be  like- 
wise liberty  of  >^  botly.  e.xcept  of  evil-doers,  "'•'  is  an  other  case.  But  to 
bring  men  hitl.er,  or  to  rob  and  sell  them  against  their  will,  we  stand 
against.  In  Europe  there  are  many  oppressed  for  conscience  sake;  and 
liere  there  are  tlu^se  oppressed  '"'»  are  of  a  black  colour.  .And  we  who 
know  that  men  must  not  committ  adultery. — some  do  committ  adulery, 
in  others,  separating  wives  from  their  husands  and  giving  them  to 
others;  and  some  sell  the  children  of  these  poor  creatures  to  other  men. 
All!  doe  consider  well  this  thing,  you  who  doe  it,  if  you  would  be  done 
at  this  manner?  and  if  it  is  done  according  to  Christianity?  You  sw- 
I'-T-s  Hi>llaTi(!  and  Germ.u-'y  in  this  thing.  This  makes  an  ill  report  in  all 
tli'ise  countries  of  Europe,  where  they  iiear  off.  that  >''  Quakers  doc  here 


20 


THE  i'i:\ xsvij.w J  {-(;/: mi.w. 


■  hatulcl  nu-n  as  tlicy  Iiandd  tluTc  --  ca:tle.  And  t,,r  that  reason  snnie  have 
no  iniiul  ui  inclniati..ii  tc  cc.nic  hither.  Aiui  who  sliall  maintain  this 
your  cause  or  p  eid  tor  it?  Truly  we  can  n.,t  .]o  so,  except  y-u  sliall 
inform  usjjctter  hereol.  viz..  that  Ciin.tians  have  liberty  to  practise  these 
tunos  Iray  u-hat  thnig  m  the  wnrl.!  can  he  done  worse  towards  us, 
than^iMnen  sluuild  rol.  or  steal  u>  away,  and  sell  us  for  slaves  to  strauLre 
coun.nes;  separating  husbands  imm  their  wives  and  children.  Being 
now  this  IS  not  done  in  the  manner  we  would  be  done  at  therefore  we 
contradict  and  are  against  this  trafhc  uf  mendnKly.  And  we  who  profess 
that  It  IS  not  huvtui  to  steal,  must,  likewise,  avoul  to  purchase  such 
tlnn.gs  as  are  stolen  but  rather  help  to  stop  this  robbing  and  siealin-  if 
possible.  .And  such  men  ought  to  be  delivered  out  of  ><-■  ha.ids  of  >e 
robbers,  and  set  Irec  as  well  as  in  fuirope.  Then  is  Pennsvdvania  to  have 
a  .good  report,  instead  it  hath  now  a  bad  one  for  this  sake'in  other  coun- 
tiies.  i^>-!K'cial  y  whereas  --■  Europeans  are  desirious  to  know  m  what 
manner  >e  Quakers  due  rule  m  their  province ;-and  most  of  them  <!oe 
look  upon  us  with  an  envi.nis  eye.  But  if  this  is  done  well,  what  shall 
we  say  is  done  e\il.-' 

If  once  these  slaves  ,-h  u.^y  say  are  so  wicked  and  stubborn  men) 
should  joint  themselves,— hght  for  their  freedom,-and  handcl  their  mas- 
ters and  mastrrs.^es  as  they  did  handel  them  before;  will  these  masters 
and  mastrisses  take  the  swnrd  at  hand  and  warr  ayamst  these  poor  sjaves 
licke.  we  are  able  to  believe,  some  will  not  refuse  to  (K.e-  or  ha\e  'hese 
negers  not  as  much  right  to  tight  fe,r  their  freedom,  as  v.m  have  to'keep 
tliem  slaves.'  '  ^ 

hnd  It  to  be  good  to  handel  these  blacks  at  that  manner,  we  desire  and 
require  you  hereby  lovingly,  that  you  may  in  f(,rm  Us  herein,  which  at 
this  time  never  was  done.  vi/..  that  Christians  have  such  a  libcrtv  to  do 
so  lo  the  end  we  snail  be  satisfied  in  this  p,.m:.  and  satisf^e  likewise 
our  good  friends  and  acquaintances  in  our  natif  countrv.  to  whose  it  is 
a_ terror,  or  tairlnl   thing  that   men   should   be   handeled  so   in    Pennsylva- 

16^''?  is  froni  onr  meeting  at  Germantown,  held  >-  ,^  ot  the  2  month, 
iCknS,   to  be   delivered   to   the   .Monthly   .Meeting  at   Richard   Worreks. 

Garret    hendericks 
derick    up    dc    graeft 
Francis    daniell     Pastmius 
Abraham    u[)    Den    graef 

cm^NTve"^':";;'''-'  V'"""^  ^t  Dublm,  ye  sa-2  mo..  1688.  we  havin  in- 
;eiE.h tvH,.  'Vl      ;'"■'   '"^-"f-^^^^-ilJ'  '-'"^1   considered   oi  it.   we  find  it  so 

weighty  that  we  think  it  not  expedient  tor  us  to  meddle  with  it  here  but 
do  rather  cmmit  it  to  .-  consideration  of  J-  Qnarterlv  .Meetin<^- 
y^  tenor  of  it   being  nearly  related  to  >e  Truth. 

On  behalf  of  >-   Monthly  .Meeting. 
Signed.  P.  jo.^   Hart. 

This,   above   mentioned,    was   read    m  ,,ur   Quarterlv    Meeting   at    Phila- 

the'veartv^Nl    'r  "  ''^'T   'f '   "^'^  ^""^   '■•""'   ^'•'-^"«-   reconmiended     o 
oned   f    -rM   '""^^'  "'^'  ''','  "'"'""  •'"•^  ^'''"'^-  '^'"^  f'^^-  other  two  men- 
a  t        /    f         •         l':^'^^■■•^''^•  ^^""\to  to  >-  above  said  meeting.  ,t  being 
a  thing  ot  too  great  a  weight  lor  this  meeting  to  determine. 

Signed  l)y  order  of  ^  meeting. 

.-\nTI10NV    .XfoRRLS. 
W  X-    ^'\^\^',^'    ^f'-'-''^''     >tlMTK    OX    THK    AlSOVK     PkoTFST 

Kvi    '  ■    -^'''■''"^-  '''•'^'  ''^   P.urlington  the  5th  day  ot   the  7th  nK.nth, 


(iF.y.  ./0//A  (',.  i'i:teii  \n  uLh:Mii:i;(i. 


21 


A  Papt-T  being  lierc  prcMMitod  by  sciiic  (lernian  iMieiuls  Cuiiccrniiii; 
flir  Lawtulness  and  rnlawl'uliiess  ol  liuyinj;  and  keeping  Negroes,  It 
ua-;  adjudged  nut  to  t>e  so  proper  for  this  Meeting  to  give  a  Positive 
liidgineiit  "in  tlie  Ca>e.  it  having  so  General  a  Relatitjii  to  many  otlier 
Parts  and  theretore  at  present  they  forl)ear  It. 


W'c  are  plea-^ed  io  show  otir  readers  a  ettt  of  the  h.)usc  in  which 
the  above  jn'otest  a.Qainst  sKavery  was  written  and  sii^iied  by  Tas- 
t'-ritis.  It  was  the  house  of  Jonas  Kitnder  and  is  now  lunitltered 
5io';Germantown  Avenue.  (  )ur  friend.  Mr.  Horace  J.  Sniitli.  the 
enthusiastic  antiquarian  of  ( ierniantown,  jiroj^oses  to  have  this 
property  bouo-ht  and  (le(Hcate  it  to  the  Xe.j^^o  Race  of  America,  hy 
iK.niincr'it  their  -Independence  MaU"  and  (levotin,<;  it  to  Muscuin 

rind    T    iUrir,-    ,^,1rr^,^^,>c  <.y^ro\\-     <Urh     WOllhl     1  IC     a     lioblc     ServicC     Ot 


and  Library  purposes.     Surel\-  such  wonhl  l>e  a  noble 


lliis  nnblc  Gorman  pioneer's  abode  and  historic  site.  \'^\ 
nian  of  pubhic  s|uiit  and  means  shouhl  second  the  motto 
hearty  hurrah  aii'l  a  hl)cral  contriluition 


Every  G,er- 

ni   with  a 


r' 


Poetic   Gems 


SCHLITTAFORHA. 

KV  REV.  A.  C.   W  UCHTER. 

Hurrali  iVr  dor  wimer,  hurrah  fer  der  schiieh! 
Now  rous  niit  "m  schlitta.  un  tzaehl  ni'r  ken  tzweh; 
Doh  muss  m'r  sich  duni'le  schunscht  geht  dcr  schneli  week, 
Ferleicht  bis  uff  niorya  leit  ollcs  im  dreck. 

Hurrah  fcr  der  winter!  der  schHtta  muss  rous; 
Was  will  m'r  om  utta,  was  will  m'r  im  hous? 
Uii  druff  mit  do  bella,  schunsclit  i->  ':>  ken  g'lahr, 
Der  winter  is  kortz  un  die  schlittabah  rahr. 

Hurra!)  t\r  der  winter!  now  geht'.s  amohl  ob. 
Wie  schneller  wic  heiiwer;  giddap!  Sal  un  Bob. 
Wos  robbla  die  bella,  wos  schpringa  die  geil; 
Des  is  aw  mold  g'lahra.  des  geht  yoh  wie'n  pe'i!. 

Hurrah  fer  der  winter!  die  luft  is  so  Irisch; 
Wos  mocha  die  lehia  so  'n  liebiich  g'grisch! 
M'r  huckt  doh  im  sclditta  wie  douva  im  nescht. 
Die  maid  un  die  buhwa.  wie  immer— du  waesch't! 

Hurrah  fer  der  winter!  so  ebbcs  is  g'schposs; 

Die  maid  singa  'n  licdel.  die  buhwa  der  boss;' 

Un  geht's  in  die  schnehbank  un  ^climeist's  am., hi  um 

Gehts  drunner  un  drivrer,  wos  gebt  m'r  yoh  drum. 

Hurrah  fer  der  winter'  mit  eis  un  mit  schneh; 
Im  summer  ferschmelst  m'r  un  schotlt  sich  gons  reh; 
Die  wer.-cht  sin  now  tzeitich.  die  eppel  sin  gehl,  '      ' 

Doh  geht  m'r  on's  b'zucha.  m'r  dreftt's  yoh^iet  fehl. 

S'is  immer  tzu  schofVa.  yuscht  s'hut  ken  so  'n  eil. 
M'r  duhfs  mit  maschina  un  schuhnt  noh  die  geil: 
Die  ovet  sin  long  un  die  dawga  sin  kortz. 
Doh  nemmt  m'r  sich's  gute  bis  de  futtzehta  Martz. 

Hurrah  fer  dor  winter!  hurrali  un  hurrah! 
Now  rous  mit  'm  cu'ter,  un  drutY  m.t  der  frah; 
Un  iuss  's  m.dil  klmgla  bis  olla  Inmd  blotYt. 
Der  winter  is  doh  un  die  arwet  i^  g'schoftt. 


rOETKJ  GEMS.  23 

NEU  JOHR'S   SCHITZ  IN  ALTE  ZEITE. 

Am  k'tztf  Dag  im  nltv.' Johr  Dann   hccrt   mer   Rk-i  ckr   Sclilissel 

Sill  (lio  Baucrc  in  der  btorc  drclie 

Mit  Oior  uii  mil  FfJ.LTvicli.  li>  der  Dchr,  iin  chilit  all  sehc 

ill  k'ue  ^if  ufin  Ci'unter  hie.  Dcr  Mann  voni   llaii>  nut  J.iclu  in 

Hand 

Dcr  Slorcinan  fillt  ihr  Fnlvcrlidin  Die  Dclir  utmaclic  wo  cr  stand. 
\o\\      Sohiesspnlvcr,      init      kk^ena 

Korn,  I'.r  lad  sic  alle  freindlich  ei 

L'lii     rc'cht    das     Neu    Jolir    alun-  Un  nenimt  sie  in  sei  Zininicr  nei — 

schiessc,  Sie  ware  froh  hinci  zu  geh, 

Un  dabei  ah  ihre  Xochbere  gricsse.  .Mit  kaltc  h'icss  un  shteile  Beh. 

Kanni     ware     die    dunklc    Schatte  Do  war  Applejack  un  Cider 

g'fallc.  I'll  guter  Whisky  mit  G'kreuter; 

Dann  hot  mer  Flinte  heere  knallc  h-n  Neu  Johr  Shtick,  un  guter  Wei, 

Hie  un  do.  sic  bei  7a\  rule.  Vn  siese  Kuche  nocii  dabei. 
Hire  I'Veiwilligkcit  7.U  pruic. 

Dann   hot   mer's    Xtu   Johr    Shtick 
Sie  hen  die  alte  Muschkcte  g'lade  g'gesse; 

Vn     sin     dorch     kneedici     Schnce  Der  Applejack  mit  Cila-;^^  gemcsse, 

g'bate.  Do  heert  mer  manchc  G'shpass  er- 
Schtill  un  ruliig  wie  en  Maus  zeele — 

Noch'm  ncechste  Bauerehaus.  Kn  inancher  Neu  Johr  Si^ruch  aus- 

dehle. 
Dort    hen     sie    g'stanne     iin    diefe 

Schnee.      '  Der  Captain  red'  die  Mommy  ah. 

'Ma  kalte  Fiess  un  shteiic  Beh;  Un  sagt  zu  seller  gute  Frah: 

Fn  mancher  hot  sei  blohse  Olire  "Ich  wiiisch  dir  en  glickliches  Neu 
Un  noch  dabei  sei  Fiess  vertrore.  Johr 

Von  do  bis  nans  an's  Schcierdohr, 

Der  Captain  hot  sei  Orders  gewe.  Fn   Kodp  voll   Lice,   en— Ban   vol! 
Dann  war  no  ,grad  en  anner  lewe  Grind, 

Bei  de  Schitz  in  seller  Nacht—  Un  alle  Johr  en  kleenes  Kind." 
Sie  ware  all  jo  uf  der  Wacht. 

Zum  Dady  sagt  derselbe  Held. 

Sie     erwarte     all     mit     Shmerz     zu  (Ol)schon    ihm's    net   sehr   gut    ge- 

schiesse.  fellt): 

Doch  wollte  sie  ken  Blut  vergiesse:  ••Draum  nix  beses  in  dcim  Schlof:. 

Clei  wie  sell  ^^'ort  is  raus  gekommc  Krieg    dir    Kieh    un    schlacht    die 
Hot  mer  die  F'linte  heere  brumnie.  '  Schof: 


Die  Kugel-Bi.xe  hen  geknallt 


Schmeiss    der    Hund    zum    Fenstcr 


Dass  uver  Berg  un  Dahl  geschallt :  ^.,,  kri'eg'en  gute  Magd  in's  Hans." 

I 'anil  Iicn  sie  wieder  triscli  gelade — 

Schier   so    g^chwindt    wie   die    Sol-        i^,^,  ^j.^,,,  ,j;^,  i,„„i,„e  ah  no  nei 


date. 


Un    krieee    den    Xeu    Johr    Siunich 


Der      Captain      In  it      en      scheener  dabei:  _     _ 

5p,-^j,|,  "Halt  euch  vun  de  bnwe  irei. 

.\bgelese  ohne  Buch  ^'"  "Cin'Ht  ?e  net  in's  Zimmer  nei: 

Dann     hen    sie    'n    shcencs    Liedle  ^  olle  sie  euch  karesiere. 

•     <r'si,,i<^e  Macht  sie  ]-)let7lich  turt  maslnere. 

b"r  die  .Mte  un  die  Tungc.  -^,      ,     ,-, 

^'1  ae  l)Uwc  duht  er  '^ace 

\\'ie       die        Hund       hen        Pulver  Wuin  sie  for  en  Spiichle  frage: 

g'schnuppt  "Die      Mrcd      sin      wie      die      bese 

Sin  'iic  unnig  die  Portch  g'-^chluppt  Schlangc, 

I  n  ware  ruhig  wie  die  ^  leise —  "^ie  welle  all  die  Bnwe  fange: 

'ieii  11(1  Xieinand  \\ol!e  bei-e.  Dulit  net  oi't  zu  ihiic  renne. 


24 


TJIE  I'lrXX SYLVAM A-G r: Ix'  \r A  .\. 


Un    waim     ihr    duht,    dahn    lusst's 

■      J^iclU  blL-lHU'." 

'S    Ncu    Johr    Sluick    war    all    ge- 

Dor    \\  oi    war    all    nut    Glass    ge- 

iiicsse; 
Dann  >in  >ie  zn  der  l')<.hr  hinaus 
L'li  eiltc  ni'ch'in  lu-t-chste  Ilaiis. 

Do  war  net  alio  Scliritt  en  Ilaus 


W'ic    now,    sonst    wcer    dcr    Kuck- 

kuck  draus; 
Waiin  sic  liette  zn  oft  gcdrunkc 
W'ccrc  ^a■  in  dcr  Schncc  gesunkc. 

Sic  wcere  vcrfrorc  wie  en  Gumnier; 
X<_)ht  hett  nianche  Frah  en  knninicr 
I'l  cm  Herz.  wenn  hcinigcbracht, 
\'crt"rore  in  der  Xeu  Johr's  Naelit. 

Onkkl  Jr.FF. 


HERZENGRUESSE. 

[V\n   into   German   Ijv   Rc\  .   A.   van 

Andcl.j 
Ach  ware  doch  cin  jedcr  Tag  liie- 

niedcn 
Ein    W'orklang    von    des    Himmels 

Ilochgcmiss. 
Und  jedes  \\'.iri.   in   Wahrhcit  und 

im  I'rieiJcn, 
Im      Junklang      mit      dcm      Ictsten 

Scheidcgrus^. 
Es    kommt    die    Xachl.    wenn    sicli 

der  Tag  gcneigct, 
Dann   fultrt  ein    Schritt   ttnd  dutch 

die  Dunkelheit, 
Dorthin.    wo   sich   das   ew'ge    Neii- 

jahr  zeiget. 
Ant  jcnen  Sel'gen  Hi'iirn  dcr  Ilerr- 

lichkeit. 

Ilerzcngriisse,  Segens  Wiinche 
Unsern  Licben  nali  und  fern; 
Dankcnd  fiir  die  trcue  tuhrnng 
Ini  vergangen  Jahr  dcm  Ilerrn. 
I\[6ge  Er  audi  Icrner  Icnken 
Freundlicli  unserm  Pilgcrlaut: 
Stets  uns  Scincn  Frieden  sclienken. 
Und  uns  tliun  die  Heimath  auf. 
— From  the  Wilkesljarre  Record. 


A  NEW  YEAR  GREETING. 

[Original  in  J^.iglish  by  unknown 
writer.] 

Oh  to  live  so  that  any  day  wiili 
mcetncss 

.Mi'j;ht  be  a  prelude  to  the  lite  on 
high! 

To  make  each  spukcii  word,  in 
truth  and  sweet ncs?. 

Fit  the  last  good-bye! 

For  the  nii;ht  cometh  with  its  swiit 
resigmng. 

Its  one  stej)  through  the  silence 
safely  trod. 

And  then  the  glad  New  Year  for- 
ever shining 

Upon  the  hills  of  God. 

Greetings  new,  yet  old.  we  tender 
To  our  loved  ones  far  and  near. 
Tciining  them  in  heart  to  render 
Thanks  for  all  the  tlyinp  year. 
Trusting  always  Him  who  muldclh 
.\n  our  future's  unknown  way. 
Lcavin.L;  all  with  Pliin  wh<:i  holdcth 
Time  and  chanaje  beneath  His  ?wav. 


DER  REICHE   HERR  IM  DEICH. 

r.V  1)K.    UKNRV   HARllAUoil. 

Der  Bauer  Ratdorf  war  gar  reich, 
Un  schrecklich  schtolz  dabei; 

Es  war  ken  Land  im  uanzc  Deich 
Wie's  Batdorf's  Baucrei. 

Bei'ni     r)atdorf    war    en    deitscher 
Knecht. 
Der  war  net  iu>cht  so  dumm; 
Hot    g'wi-st    was    letz    is.    un    was 

rerht. 
'    \v'as  grad  is,  un  wa>  kiumm. 

'Tell    hab."    -agt    Baid'^-f    "u    sci'm 
Knccbt. 
'T)as  beschtc  Land  im  Deich; 


THE   RICH  LORD  OF  THE  VALE. 

I  Translated  by  H.  .V.  S.] 
Old   Batdurf  as  a   wealthy  man 

And  hauiihty  too  wa-  known. 
N't)  better  land  lay  rotmd  him  tlian 

The  farm  he  called  his  own. 

.\  German  servant  Batdorf  liad: 

•A  fellow  rather  bright. 
Who    could    di^tinguish    good    and 
bad 

.\nd  ktiew  the  rule  of  right. 

"T  have,"  <o  Batdorf  ^aid  one  day. 

"The  be^t  kind  far  an<l  nis:;!i. 
r  am  'he  richest  man:  iiiiw  pray 

Tei!  me  the  reason  whv." 


I'OKTiv  (;i:ms. 


\'iin  (lir.ich  nan  inul  wisse  nieclu, 
\\  arum  bin  ich  so  reichr" 

"O,  ja,  '  sagt   Hans,  "das  woes  Ich 
wol. 
"Loss  here — wie? — waruni  ?'' 
"Ich  wees  net,  ob  ich's  saya  soil — ■ 
])u    sciilegscht    niich    sclUeif    un 
kiinimil" 

"Dei  Antwort  is  niir  euevici, 
'S  niacht  mich   g'wiss  net  bees; 

Ich  bin  die  fett  Mans  ui  d'r  .Mielil, 
Die  Katz  am  grosse"  Kees! 

"  'Raus       niit       d'r       Farb',       mei' 
schniarter  Knecht, 
Was     niacht     inich      Herr     vum 
Deich? 
Ich      d(K'li      dei'      Meening      wisse 
inecht'. 
W'aruin  bin  ich  so  reich?" 

''W  ell.  wann    ich   muss,   dann   muss 
ich,  dcnk, 
Ich  dhu's  gewiss  net  gern : 
Du    hoscht    die    Schuld.    wann    icli 
dich  krenk, 
.Mei'  reicher  Herr  verzernl 

"AIs     Krischtus     in    der    W'ieschte 
war. 

Da  kam  der  Satan  na'h. 
I'n  hot  ihn  dort  vcrsucht  sogar, 

I'.r  soli  ihn  bete'  a'. 

"Vn    \van!i    er's    dliet.    dann    keem 
ihm  zu 

D'r  Reichdhum  aller  \\'e!t' 
D"r  Heiland  luit  ihn  ahgeillm': 

\\'ek.  Satan,  mit  dei'm  Geld! 

''Domols     uarscht     du     net      weit 
ewek — 
TIeerseht  dcm  Propos'l  zu. 
J'all-eiit    ut    dei'    Knie    un    rufscht 
gans  keck: 
Herch,  Satan,  ich  will's  dhu! 

l^a-um  sit>ebt  (hi  in  fetter  Weed. 

l  n  bi.clit   D'r  Herr  im  Deich; 
\\'"Mi  m'r  den  Satan  so  ant)et'. 

1^  "I'h      macht      er      Ecm      gern 
reich." 


Ah  yes,"  said  Jack,  "I   know  that 

'  ueli." 
"Let's  hear  then,  if  you  do!" 
'1  cu.uDt  that  it  IS  sale  to  tell. 
1  ou  II  beat  me  black  and  blue." 


"Ha!    do    you    think    your    answer 
will 

Offend  me  or  displease? 
I  am  the  fat  niou<e  in  the  mill, 

The  cat  on  the  big  cheese. 


"Speak  out  then  boldly,  never  fear; 

Lord  of  the  vale  am  I. 
'lis  your  opinion  I  would  hear; 

Now  just  you  tell  me  why." 


'If  you  command  mc.  I  obey, 
Though  much  against  my  will. 

'i'ls  your  own  fault,  if  what  I   say 
Will  suit  my  master  ill. 


"When    Christ    was    in    tlie    desert 
there. 
The  Lvil  One  drew  near, 
And     tempted      Him     to     bow     in 
prayer 
And  him  as  God  revere. 


"The  wealth  of  all  the  world  should 
be 

For  this  His  fair  reward. 
'O  Satan,  get  away  from  me!" 

Replied  our  blessed  Lord. 


"Wlieii    thus   his    worship    was    de- 
nied, 
^'on  happened  near  to  be; 
Ddwn    on    vf)ur   knees,    you   boldly 
cried: 
'List.  Satan.  I  agree!' 


"That"^   whv   vou   stalk   so  liaught- 

ily. 

Lord  of  the  vale:   for  thev 
\\  ho  Satan  serve  so  willinglv. 
.'\re  sure  of  haiulscnne  pay?' 


26 


Ttn:  /'/.'.V-VM  /.r.i.\y.i-r;/-;/.M/.LV, 


DER  BEIK. 

IBy  ail  ani)ii\  iiiuus  autlnT.j 
Ich     war    am     Sainsclulay     lu     dor 
Stadt 
For  Bisncss  un  Plc^sir, 
Un  dart  haw   ich   zu   schnc  krigt 
En  widdcrlich  Gcdier. 

Es  gucht  wie  'n  ]Monky  ut  re  Stang 

Mit  runde  Redder  dra', 
Ks  hot  en  Schnawelkeplc  ul, 

Un  Unncrhosse  a'. 

Des  Dier  reit  iif  de  Strosse  rum, 
Gcdresst — ei,  'sis  en  Schand! — • 

In  Unnerhosse,  Unnerhem, 
Un  Wade  gfillt  mit  Sand. 

Es     gucht     wie    'n    alter     Riinger- 
tang. 

Sei  Gsicht  war  sterns  verhitzt; 
Sei  Xas  war  rot.  sei  Buckel  krumm. 

Un  greisHch  hot  cr  gschwitzt. 

Dann    frog    ich,    eb's    en    Spinnrad 
war, 
\Vu  der  Babun  do  reit, 
Un  krig  for  Antwart:    ""S  is  jo  'n 
Beik, 
Des  wissen  alle  LeitI" 

EINKEHR. 

[Uhland.] 
Bei  eineni  Wirthe.  wunderniild 

Da  war  ich  jiingst  zu  Gaste; 
Ein  goldiier  Apfel  war  sein  Scliild 

An  einem  LTugen  Aste. 

As  war  der  gute  Apielbaum, 
Bei  dem  ich  eingekehret; 

Mit     siisser     Kost     und     frischein 
Schaum 
Hat  er  mich  wohl  geniihret. 

Es  kanien  in  sein  griines  Ilaus 
Viel  leiclittieschwingte  Giiste; 

Sie      sprangen      frei      und      hieUen 
Schniaus 
Und  sangen  auf  das  Bcste. 

Ich  fand  ein  Bett  zu  siisser  Ruh' 
Auf  weichen  griinen  Matten; 

Der  Wirth.  er  deckte  selbst  mich  zu 
Mit  seinem  kiilden  Schatten. 

Xnn   fragt   ich   nacli   der   Scluildig- 
keit, 

Da  scluUteU'  er  den  W'ipfcl. 
Gt'-^egnet  sei  er  ,'ilk-  Ztit, 

Von  der  Wurzel  bis  zuni   Gipfel! 


THE  BIKE. 

[Translatujn  b>  H.  A.  S.J 
On  Saturday   1   went  to  town 

For  business  and  lur  Inn, 
And  tliere  1  met  tlie  ugliest  beast 

I  e'er  set  eyes  upon. 

It  seemed  a  monkey  seated  on 
A  pole,  with  wheels  thereto 

Attached;  a  little  pointed  cap 
He  wore,  and  drawers — pooh! 

Why,  "tis  a  burning  shame  the  way 
This  "critter"  rides  about— 

In  undershirt  and  drawers  clad, 
His  calves  with  sand  filled  out! 

Just  like  an  old  orang-outang 
He  looked — his  nose  artre. 

His   face    all    flushed,    his    back    all 
bent. 
Whew,  how  he  did  perspire! 

"Is  it  a  spinning-wheel  that  this 

Baboon  is  riding  so?" 
I  asked.     The  answer  was:   "Why, 
that's 

A  bike,  sir,  don't  you  know'" 

THE   INN. 
[Alfred  Baskerville,  1854.] 
I  put  up  at  an  inn  to  dine. 

Mine  host  was  trusty,  staunch; 
A  gohlen  apple  was  his  sign 
Upon  a  bending  branch. 

ft  was  a  good  old  apple  tree 
In  whose  house  I  \n\t  uj); 

Delicious  food  he  offered  me. 
With  nectar  filled  my  cup. 

.\nd   shelter  'neath    his   green   roof 
sought 
I'ull  many  a  light-winged  guest; 
They  feasted,  danced,  nor  cared  for 
aught. 
But  sang  and  danced  their  best. 

I  found  a  bed  for  sweet  repose. 

The  soft  green  grassy  glade: 
Mine      host     himself     around     me 
throws 

His  curtains'  cooling  shade. 

I  asked  him  what  T  had  to  pay. 

He  shook  his  verdant  crowu. 
Mnv  blessings  till  tlie  laie'^t  day 

Be  o'er  him  showereil  down! 

— From  the  Wilkesbarre  Record. 


Historical  Pilgrimages  into 

...  Pennsylvania-Germandom 


DOWN  THE  SCHUYLKILL  VALLEY. 

OUR  CHAPEKON 

The  editor  has  deliberately  lianded  over  his  company  of  historic  pil- 
grims— himself  included — to  a  young  friend  of  his,  whom,  of  all  other 
.-icquaintances,  he  has  preferred  to  act  as  guide  in  this  number's  trip  of 
our  army  of  student  excursionists.  The  pilgrimage  leads  from  Reading 
to  the  southern  border-line  of  Berks,  and  includes  many  by-paths,  in 
which  the  young  literary  aspirant  is  tolerably  familiar.  We  have  felt, 
therefore,  that  our  historical  automobile  was  perfectly  safe  with  his  dex- 
terous hand  upon  the  lever  and  pilot's  wheel. 

But  I  must  relate  an  incident  by  way  oi  his  introduction.  As  long  ago 
as  it  takes  for  an  infant  to  become  a  man,  the  editor  was  pastor  of  our 
guide's  father's  household.  Their  church  was  one  of  a  large  country 
parish,  and  it  frequently  became  necessary  to  stop  over-night  before  or 
after  services.     This  home  was  a  frequei\t  stopping-place,  and  many  are 


.^  '     ■ 

't. 

^  .._'    i« 

-t  _^ 

r"'    "                           ■-  i                                    ' 

^j^^^r-r-;-^^; 

^ 

•<>    ' 

-J. 

.^ 

■•-      f      ' 

'                    ,           ''" 

«» 

3." 

c                          »    f- 

"         /         >. 

*y^''. 

\n 

^•'. 

"^^5. 

—  -^       - 

1            "        '»          ^V*.."^ 

J&,  ^ 

•*      ''"'  •"  ■'^^■'^  Z^-^f^^'     K?"?^. 

\i   rfi''«^jt      if- 

\  -i^     -  ^.    "^  *..^;.'Jxi^  ( 

J>iul'i>*l 

.,oUfH.       1                    ^        ^ 

28 


THE  i'EWSYlA  AM,\.(;i:i>\l,\\, 


tlie   nappy   nuMuoiies.   .still   lin-erino-  in   the   soul,   of  tliose   sunnv,   hygone 
days.     This  particular   liouschol.l   in   (lucstion    was   an    ideal   one.'     It   had 
conilort.    intelligence,  culture.    Christian   nurture   and   true   love.      It    con- 
sisted  then  of  parents  and   five  healthy,   wide-awake  and  growing  young 
_    children,  of  which  number  our  guide  was  the  youngest  of  three  brothers'^ 
Tiiere  never  was  a  lark's  nest  in  the  meadow  grasses,  or  a  turtle  dove's 
.  in  the  forest  tliicket,   where  there   abode   more  domestic  order,  harmony 
and   mutual   consideration   than    m   this   home.      Vet   there   wore   childish 
pranks  and  tcasings.     And  so  it  chanced  one  day  that  the  elder  brothers 
had   by  some  trick  exasperated  the  younger,   who   chased  them  through 
the  house  till  he  caught  the  one  ne.xt  to  him  in  age,  and  now  looked  non- 
plussed  as   the   moment   of   revenge   had   come.      With   a   two-fold    force 
struggling  in   his   childish   soul,   he   exclaimed  as   he   held   his  tormentor 
captive:    ••Qh!    1    would   just    like    to    do   something."      The   writer   then 
knew   that   it   was   more   an    inner   impulse— the    result   of   early   parental 
training — than  the  presence  of  the  visiting  preacher  or  the  consciousness 
of   physical    weakness,    that    restrained    him    from    exercising    vengeance. 
As  a  result  of  that  domestic  nurture,  the  latent   energies  of  ail  these  chil- 
dren have  been  direcied  into  useful  and  world-blessing  activities,  instead 
of  gratifying   personal   feelings   or   revenge   or   other   indulgences.     They 
have  all  risen  to  bless  the  memory  of  a  long  since  sainted  father  and  to 
prove  a   strong  tower  of  defence  and  arm  of  help  to  their  ever   devoted 
but  widowed  mother.     Allow  me  to   introduce  to  you,   dear  readers,   our 
historical  chaperon— the  young  man  of  this  happy  and  favored  childhood 
environment,   Mr.    Howard   C.    .Mohr.   now  of   Reading,   Pa.      His   article 
IS   proof   that    he    has    learned   since   his   childish   outlnirst    of    indignation 
"to  do  something." 

THE  SKETCH 

One  of  the  most  charming  pilgrimages  thus  far  undertaken,  leads 
from  the  City  of  Reading  through  southern  Berks  countv.  affording 
glimpses  ol  the  picturesque  Schuylkill  Valley,  and  sections  'rich  in  his^ 
toncal  interest. 

At  the  very  start,  just  outside  of  "the  cit^  limits,  we  t^nd  an  old-time  inn 
-the  White  House.  For  more  than  a  century  it  ha.  occupied  a  com- 
manding position  on  the  mountain-..ide.  overlooking  the  river  and 
canal,  and  atfor^ling  a  magnificent  view  of  the  surrounding  countrv. 
Onginally  the  White  House  inn  comprised  but  one  building-that 
which  stan.ls  upon  the  west  side  of  the  road.  About  :;5  vears  ago  havmo 
became  a  tavonte  fashionable  resort,  a  larger  building  was  erected  on 
the  upper  side  oi  the  road  for  the  accommodation  of  guests.  The  prop- 
erty u^as  a  part  of  the  •■Man.,r  oi  Penn's  Mount,"  which  extended  to  the 
bchuylkiU.  In  ,,>05  ,t  was  conveyed  by  the  heirs  of  Isaac  Levan  to  John 
Lotz.  whose  heirs  sold  it,  including  32  acres  of  land,  to  General  George 
M.  Keim,  in  183.',  tor  S500.  ^ 

The  surroundings  of  the  inn  were  then  greatlv  beautified.  In  1^34 
handsome  walks  and  gardens  uere  laid  out  by  a  prole^sional  landscape 
gardener-Ahcnael    Hauser.      Unfortunately,   these  have  long  been  buried 


i,()\v\  Tin:  sciii  i.YKif.L  vauj:)- 


I.v  the  cinder  deposited  near  the  inn  from  the  nearl^v  furnaces.  General 
Keim  di-^p..sed  of  tlie  property  in  July,  1840.  to  Michael  Spatz.  The 
l^.tier  con.lucted  the  tavern  until  July.  1846.  vvhen  he  sold  it  to  Martin 
1;  Coleman  for  $1,400.  The  new  propriet.^r  enjoyed  large  patronage. 
there  being  an  increasing  number  of  la^hionablc  personages  registered. 
Upon  tlic  death  of  the  landlord,  his  heirs  conveyed  the  property  to  Jacob 
Mi^hler.  for  manv  years  proprietor  of  the  Mi-hler  House,  now  the  Gen- 
ual, on  I'enn  Square.  Reading.  He  purchased  the  White  House  in 
September.  1850.  for  $_',-'7o.  He  it  wa^  who  improved  the  inn  by  erecting 
the  additional  building  on  the  opposite  >ide  oi  the  street. 

Among  those  who  were  charmed  witli  the  place  was  Theodore  Lauber, 
of  Philadelphia,  a  brother  of  Peter,  who  conducted  the  big  restaurant  at 
the  Centennial  Exposition,  in  Philadelphia,  in  1876.     Finally  he  prevailed 


p5^3r^:»TW^J55: 


sV<%y 


■'■:■'■:■: 


m 


l^-'^'^i^:^:^ 


.-■•*^**^:*-.i> 


-■'•'t-i''-,-."  ^"  '    '-'S   ?- 


■^t 


■i-ii.-^^ 


^3 


:S*!rtCi:iSL; - 


THE  "\XHITF.  HOUSE"  ON  NEVERSINK  MT. 

upon  Landlord  Mishler.  in  March.  1856.  to  sell  him  the  inn  for  $6,000. 
.\  short  time  after  this,  the  additional  building  erected  by  Mr.  Mishler 
was  destroyed  by  tire.  Lauber  rebuilt  it  at  once,  and  was  amply  repaid 
by  having  his  hostelry  continually  crowded  with  guests  from  a  distance. 
Upon  his  death,  Herman  Floto  and  Jacob  Walter  purchai^ed  the  tavern 
from  his  widow,  in  Mav.  1864.  for  $8,500.  Jacol)  Remack  conducted  the 
resort  for  a  season  or  two.  when  Herman  Marsdorf  took  charge  of  it  as 
landlord  for  three  years.  His  receipts,  it  is  said,  ran  as  high  as  $350  a 
day.  and  he  was  on  the  way  to  riches  when  he  retired  in  i8bS  to  become 
proprietor  ot  the  Lafayette  House  in  Reading,  where  he  also  opened  a 
theatre  for  tjie  production  of  variety  entertainments.  Floto  &  Walter 
-old  the  White  House  to  Xervin  Tuetui.  a  Hazleton  brewer,  but  the 
place  as  an  attraction  for  tourists  and  health  and  pleasure  seekers  had 
viii.vided,  aiKl  m  iw.)  years  Tuetui  threw  ui'  liie  iKirgain  and  sold  out 
'hv   stock   to    Fred.    Maver.     The   buildings  and   real   estate   were    ^old   by 


30 


Tin:  rrwsYij  a\j\-(;j:j-ii  is^ 


Moto  ^  Walt.r  ...  Isaac  Eckcr,,  and  ,hc  place  I,a.  been  rented  t.,  various 
landlords  sn.ce  ll,cn.  The  .nn  ,s  one.  of  the  stopping-ph.ccs  o„  the  Xever- 
s.nk-  Mountain  Kadroad,  and  nnder  tl,e  nu.nagenuMU  of  J.andlord  Law- 
rence  continue.-,   to   be   well  patronized. 

The  grandeur  of  the  scenery  fnnn  this  p<.nnt  wa.  fullv  appreciated  by 
Bayard  Taylor,  who  ga\e  this  description: 

-We  presently  enierged  ui>,.n  a  slope,  whence  a  olorious  landscape 
oi.ne.  upon  iny  eyes.  Xever  had  1  seen  or  innigined  anything  s„  bea  - 
t  Ud.  Ih,  ^tately  old  town  lay  below,  stretched  at  full  length  on  an  ,n- 
chned    plane,    rising    ,rom    the    Scluulkdl    to    the    base    of    the    nnumtam- 


^'  -^-H 


i 


-Vfji>«;'iA-<;teti.<J'.it-5a^2SiiS^ 


he  river  winding  ,n  abrupt  curves,  disclosed  itself  here  and  there 
hrough  the  landscape:  hills  of  superb  undtdation  rose  and  .ell.  m  niter- 
l.nkmg  hues,  through  the  middle  distance,  Scull's  11,11  b,.ldlv  detaching  it- 
sel.  ,n  tront  and  i^ar  in  the  north  the  Blue  Ridge  lined  its  dun  wall  against 
the  sky.  Ihe  sinking  sun  turned  the  smoke  of  the  town  and  the  vapors 
ot  the  nver  to  golden  dust,  athwart  which  faintly  gleamed  the  autumn 
olonng  o.  d.stant  woods.  The  noises  of  the  scene  were  softened  and 
n  ellowed,  and  above  tiiem  all.  dear,  sweet,  and  famt.  sounded  the  buHe 
ot  a  boatman  on  the  ca-  a!.  It  was  not  ignorant  adnur:n,on  „n  mv  p^rt 
tor  one  tamihar  wnh  the  grande>t  aspect,  of  Xatur.  n.u.t  .till  Jonfe.s 
is  on  this  Mile  ol  the  Atlantic  are  so  nublv  environed - 


that  tew  t. 


I)()\\.\    Tin:  Si'lH  Yl. KILL    VALLl'A' 


31 


We  resume  our  JDurney  and  soon  liavc  traveled  over  the  "White  House 
road'"  to. the  \alley  beneath,  whieh  was  at  one  time  densely  populated  by 
tlie  Sehuylkill  tribe  of  Indians,  but  is  n<>\v  dotted  with  beautiful  farm';. 
Many  of  the  risideiits  of  thi^  section  luU'e  collections  of  tomahawks  and 
rare  specimens  cif  Indian  relics,  i^lou^hed  up  in  tlie  fields  from  year  to 
year    ai.d  found  in  the  beds  of  springs  and  streams. 

Jonas  De  Turk's  farm,  upon  which  Xeversink  Station  is  situated,  was 
one  of  the  sites  of  the  numerous  Indian  Nillages.  His  fields  along  the 
Schuylkill  are  full  of  arrow-heads  and  relic-;,  and  his  collection  thus  far 
consists  of  almost  ten   thou>and  pieces,   twenty   of  which   are   axes.     The 


..  -'        -;      -    •A  v*  "-^  *  V  ,    ■  '    '.  VAV, 


|i 


-^ 


*>,-^-^'- 


^^^"^  Mim^^B 


OH 


late  I'.zra  High,  of  Poplar  Xeck.  al-^o  had  a  fine  collection.  Many  of 
tlie  choice  relics  found  in  this  section  are  now  in  p(Jssession  of  Prof. 
Levi  Mengle,  of  the  P>oys'  High  School  faculty,  Reading,  who  recently 
purchased   the  collection  from  ex-Congressman   D.    B.    Brimner. 

Shortly  after  parsing  the  handsomely-appointed  fartu  of  the  High 
estate,  at  Poplar  Xeck,  we  come  to  one  of  those  quaint  old  covered 
bridges  crossing  the  Schuylkill.  At  the  "bridge  house"  we  are  told  to 
help  ourselves  at  tlie  pump  and  have  a  refreshing  drink  of  pure  and 
sparkling  water.  A  short  distance  beyond,  at  the  roadside,  stands  a  sub- 
stantia! school  buildim  of  stone.  What  memories  of  other  days  and  of 
H.arbaugh's   fauKuis  p'.em  it  calls  up! 


32 


77//;  /'/.'AVM/.r.!  \  /  l-f,7v/.'l/.4.V, 


We  arrive  at  Rid.s^^ewood  withmit  lurtluT  incident,  liaving  nuw  traveled 
a  distance  of  abiail  tliree  miles.  The  scenery  at  tliis  place  is  strikinf,^ 
and  the  place  so  healthsdnie  that  for  fjuite  a  nuniher  of  >H-ais  a  sana- 
torium and  sumnier  rcMut  was  conducted  on  the  liillside.  Dr.  Sclioll.  of 
Reading,  was  the  pi'oprietor  uj)  to  a  few  years  ago,  when  the  property 
was  purchased  by  the  f'olish  Catholic  congreRrition,  of  the  Berks  capital 
and  transformed  into  an  ori)hans"  home.  As  we  glance  up  at  the  insti- 
tutinn  we  arc  forcibly  reminded  of  another  Polish  retreat  upon  a  similar 
elevation.  Chenstohova,  which  stoutly  repelled  the  Swedish  itivaders  who 
swarmed  in  Poland,  the  story  of  which  is  given  in  the  admirable  his- 
torical nrivel,  ""The  Deluge,"'  by  flenryk  Sienkiewicz. 

There  are  two  railway  stations  at  Ridgewood,  as  there  are  in  the  other 
villages  along  this  road  as  far  south  as  pjirdsboro.  They  are  the  Schuvl- 
kill  X'alley  Division  of  the  I'ennsylvania  system  and  the  Wilmington  & 
ColumI>ia   Division  of  the   Philadelphia   &   Reading   sy.^tem. 


M 


1*  .■■^-. 


SCHUYLKILL  VALLFY  LOOKING  SOUTH   FROM   NEVLRSINK 


•J 


■M 


We  continue  on,  passing  well-kept  farms  and  appreciating  the  public 
highway's  good  condition,  this  being  the  well-known  "Schuylkill  road." 
It  is  a  p(M)ular  drive  for  many  Reading  folks  as  well  as  residents  of  south- 
ern Berks.  It  skirts  both  the  river  and  the  canal,  ami  mxiii  the  latter  we 
saw  some  of  the  remaining  boats  which  still  ply  between  Schuslkill 
Ha\en  and  Philadelphia,  laden  with  coal.  About  a  mile  and  one-half 
south  of  Ridgewood  we  come  to  a  village  named  Seyfert's  Station — so 
named  because  of  the  Seyfert  iron-works  located  there.  There  are  no 
ancient  landmarks  at  this  place,  but  a  short  distance  further  on  we  found 
an  old  grist  mill,  which  fi)r  many  generations  was  one  of  the  busiest 
industries  in  this  section.  It  is  located  on  the  Beidler  property,  and  is 
one  of  the  most  pictures(|ue  scenes  along  this  old  road. 

Gibraltar  is  reached  next,  being  about  a  mile  south  of  Seyfert's  Sta- 
tion.     Tins    community    w;is    settled   more    than    one    hundred    years   ago, 


now  \  'J hi:  srm  i.yki i,i,  \  alley. 


3s- 


.111(1  i'^  tt'iday  unc  of  the  prcttifst  lianilrt.->  in  ilu'  cmuiiy.  Scideltdwii  was 
ill.-  ori;j.iiial  name  of  the  place,  beiiiy  S(j  nanieil  after  the  Muner  of  the 
II  Mil  works  loc.ited  nearl)_\-.  the  forger  heiii;.;  known  as  "Do  Well." 
Ainiin.LT  tlie  most  [irominent  resident^  still  roiding  here  arc  the  Seidels, 
,.ind  iiue  of  the  oldest  huildin.ys  re- 
maining is  o\\'ned  by  this  family.  It 
is  liicati-d  hut  a  sluirt  distance  stuuh 


\     y:0* 


i 


REV.  J.  V.  GEORGE,  D.D. 


of  the  rail\\a\-  ^tatiim,  and   is  greatl\' 

admired  on  acomint  ul   its  (|iiaint  ar- 

rhitec'nre.     It  is  painted  white,  and  a 

lu'etty  iiiircli  is  built  along  the  entire 

length   of  the   front,    making  a   most 

p'ea--ing   elYect.      Standing    clo>o    by, 

making  the   ct>mi)arison   more   effcc- 

ii\e,  is  the  llanfI-^l'me   new    residence 

<A     Mr.     Harry    Sei<lel.    of     Cclonia! 

-tyle    and    niMdtrn    in    every    re-jiect. 

\  little  further  im  -tands  nn  old  dis- 

tdlery.  \\hich  wa^  in  oiieralion  about 

-e\enty-t'i\e  years  ago.     Ilefore  con- 
tinuing our  journey,  we  \vi>h  to  re- 

ccir(l    the   fact    that    a    postolVice    was 

'■-tablished  at  Ciibraltar  in  iS_^6.     The 
n;uiie  of  the  village  had  I)een  changed 

fruni     Seideltown    to     Robeson    and 

later  to  Gibraltar. 

" Robeson"'   w;is   then   api)ropriated 

a-  tlie  name  of  the  next  locality, 
"ue  mile  to  the  south,  in  wiiich  direction  wc  now  wend  our  wav.  And 
now  comes  into  view  beautiful  St.  John's  church,  standing  upon  an 
eminence  a  short  distance  below  Gibraltar.  For  nn.re  than  a  century 
have  the  zealous  Reformed  and  Lutheran  congregations  worshiped  here, 
tile  present  edihce  having  succeeded  the  original  >anctuary  in  iSug.  The 
present  pastors  arc  Rev.  Z.  11.  Gable  for  the  Lutherans,  and  Rev.  J.  \'. 
<-eorgo  fur  the  Reformed.  "S'ears  ago  the-e  denominations  allowed  the 
i!-e  of  tlieir  church  at  intervals  to   P.aptist  and  Episcopal  clergymen. 

A  hitle  more  than  two  miles  further  on  we  came  to  i'.Irdsboro— a  thriv- 
liiu.  growing  town,  where  the  main  indu-try  for  more  than  one  hundred 
■Hi'l  hfty  years  has  been  manufacttiring  in  iron.  William  Rird,  in  whose 
honor  the  place  was  named,  established  the  works  in  1740  upon  a  tract 
<'t  land  along  the  Hay  Creek,  where  the  present  plant  is  likewise  located. 
He  not  only  engaged  in  the  iron  bu.■^iness,  but  aLo  erected  a  grist  mill 
■'ind  a  saw  mill.  The  Ltdians,  wdio  had  villages  in  this  vicinity,  were 
a->t<.ni>hcd  beyond  measure,  traditi(Mi  inf(.rms  us,  when  they  saw  the 
•ir^t  wimhnills  grind  corn.  Th.ey  were  at  tir>t  of  the  opinion  that  not 
"'e  wind,  but  spirits  uithin,  g.tve  them*  their  momentum.  Some  came  a 
•■-'•"'■at  diMance  and  sat  tor  hours  close  l)y  to  wcnder  at  and  admire  th.J 
^^  hiie  man's  no\elty. 


34 


Till:  I'KWSYI.]  .1  \7.1-07;A'I/  l.V. 


William  \V\\i\  liad  the  iiitcrt-sts  of  tlic  comiiumity  at  Iicart  and  devoted 
much  of  liis  time  to  jmMic  affairs.  He  was  one  of  the  forenu)St  men  in 
the  county,  aii<i  \v;<s  -a  .ureat  friend  and  associate  of  the  famous  Conrad 
Weiscr.  After  liis  deatli.  his  sun.  Colonel  .Mark  Hird,  succeeded  him  in 
Iiis  business  enterprise's  and  took  a  like  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the 
community.  During  the  Re\-olution  he  became  of  f^M'eat  service,  being- 
one  of  the  first  to  assi>t  in  organizing  tr(;op>  for  the  defense  of  the 
Colonies. 

Ihe  manuiaeture  of  nails,  which  has  become  quite  an  industry  in  the 
town.  wa>  first  established  by  Colonel  Mark  Bird  about  ijyo.  At  that 
time  the  nails  were  cut  I)y  a  machine  and  the  lieads  of  the  nails  pnt  on 
with  a  haiumer  by  hand.  ,\  visit  to  the  mills  today  reveals  the  latest 
improved  niacitinery.  tinning  out  finished  nails  at  a  marvelous  rate. 

Tlie  Colonial  mansion  of  Colonel  Bird  is  still  standing  and  is  in  hrst- 
class  condition,  being  !)uilt  most  substantially  oi  stone.  The  Colonel 
lived  in  fine  style,  his  h.in<lsome  re.si.leiice  having  been  surrounded  by 
beautiful  iiark-  m  which  deer  were  kept.  The  front  of  the  mansion 
originally  faced  the  Schuylkill.  This  was  changed  when  the  canal  was 
built,  but  a  lew  paces  from  the  front  door,  shutting  off  the  view  of  the 
-     —  river.     ICntrances  were  then 

built  on  the  other  side  ot 
tlie  mansion,  wdiich  now 
faces  upon  Main  street. 
After  Cohjnel  Bird's  death. 
the  old  homestead  was 
transformed  into  an  inn. 
and  a  century  ago  was  an 
important  stopping- place 
for  travelers  between  I'hil- 
adelphia  and  Reading.  It 
is  now  occupied  as  a  resi- 
dence by  Mr.  James  Henry 
and  family. 

In  1794  Colonel  Bird  re- 
liutiuished  his  business  en- 
terprises. James  Wilscjii,  his 
brother-in-law,  succeeding 
i..m.  Wilson  was  one  of 
the  signers  of  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence.  Two 
years  later,  John  Louis  Bird 
gained  control,  and  at  his 
death  in  1799  was  succeeded 
by  Matthew  Brooke,  who 
afterward  married  his 
daughter.  Matthew  Bro(d<c 
was  the  father  of  the  lire.-- 
tieorge  I'rooke.  who  ua^ 
usiness  bv  his  brother. 


REV.  Z.  H.  GABLE 


cut  head   of  'lu    !!n.,,k.    Iron    Compan\-,    ^ 
as^iste(l  m  making  -o  great  a  success  of  the  iron 
the  late'  I'.dward  B.rookc. 


JXnW   THE  SCHUYLKILL    VALLLY.  35- 

Tiie  coiniminity  today  includes  many  families  whose  ancestors  were 
among  the  first  settlers,  some  of  the  names  hein.i;  as  follows:  Lincoln. 
.\lohr,  Stanley,  Laccy,  Harrison,  }Ial!n,  Hart,  Haas.  Boone,  Kerst, 
Kern,  etc. 

While  in   Birdsboro,   \vc   had   the   pleasure   of   visiting   at   the   home  of 
Dr.    George    Hetrich,    whose    collection    of   relics   and    curios    of    bygone 
days  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  State.     The  genial  doctor  kindly  allowed 
Us  to  view   his   treasures,   many   of   which   are   connected   with   the   early 
history   of  this   section.     A   large   round   platter,   a    rennsylvania-German 
gilt  plate,  is  in  excellent  state  of  preservation.     It  was  made  at  a  pottery 
located    m    Exeter    townshiii.    this    county,    and    contains    an    (ornamental 
(k>iyn  in  the  centre,  with  an   mscription  below  in  German,  which  reads: 
"Tin-    plate    was    made    for    Susannah    Ruckman,    February    18,     1S02." 
'i'here   are   three   "grandfather"    clocks,    made    by   Joseph    Fix,    a    famous 
clockmaker  in  Reading  a  century  or  mcjre  ago.     Copies  of  the  "'German- 
town  Zeitung"  of   1764  and    1777  are  in  the  collection   and   contain   refer- 
ences to  this   section   of   the   Commonwealth.     There   is   a   printed   docu- 
ment, published  iti   1764  by  a  do.^.en  or  so  men  of   Pennsylvania  "protest- 
ing against  the  appointment  of  Benjannn  Franklin  to  the  agency  of  this 
province."     They  accuse   him   uf  "being  obnoxions  t(j   His   Maiesiy's   in- 
terests in  the  province."     One-half  of  the  pajier  is  reserved  for  Franklin's 
answer,    which   he   sets    forth    in    his    characteristic    manner.      The    doctor 
also  has  a  copy  of  the  tirst.  issue   of  the   "Reading  Advertiser."   of   1796, 
together    with    other    early    publications.       \'ery    quaint,    in<leed,    is    the 
almanac  collection,  consisting  of  a  complete  set  from  1799  to  date.     They 
ongmated    chietly    from     the    old     almanac     town— Lancaster— and    are 
prmted  in  German.     A  book  greatly  to  be  respected  for  its  extreme  age, 
as  well  as  its  sacred  contents,  is  a  "Fourth  Volume  of  All  the  Books  and 
Writings  of  Dr.  Martm   Luther."  printed  in  Jena,  Germany,  in   1606.     A 
German  encyclopaedia,   published   in   lOyj  at  Frankfort-on-the-I^Iain,   is   a 
massive    volume.      The    typography    is    clear,    and    th-    illustrations    and 
«>rnamental  designs  are  beautiful.     E\cn   Binner,  of  our  day,   could  gain 
pointers  in  designing  from  this  old  volume.     Both  books  were  originally 
»u  possession  of  the  early  settlers  in  the  Schuylkill  \'alley  and  were"  care- 
fully preserved.     It  would  take  pages  to  comment  upon  the  other  inter- 
esting curios  seen,  ranging  from  the  early  fat  lamps,  or  "fet  amshels,"  to 
spinning-wheels,    beautiful    old    mirrors,    etc.      W'e    left    highlv    delighted 
null  onr  visit. 

As  we  pass  on  through  the  borough,  we  cannot  but  notice  the  excel- 
'--■"^c  ot  the  streets.  The  citizens  have  just  reason  to  pride  themselves 
"l">n  their  condition.  On  the  main  street,  which  is  a  continuation  of 
'be  "river  road,"  we  noticed  an  old-time  hostelry— the  Washington  House 
-v.hich  was  established  several  generations  ago  and  still  has  a  large 
patronage. 

^  \\e  resume  our  journey— expecting  to  reUirn  to  Birdsboro  when 
|''-|iy«ard  bound-for  the  purpose  of  taking  a  side-trip  or  two  to  points 
I"  !'-t..ric  ;nter-j>t.  Now  we  enter  Union  township,  so  n:imed  because 
""   •''   union   of   two    sections   of   territory    (.about   7.500   acres),    originally 


36 


77/  /;  i'i:\\s  Yi.  1 .1  .\7  1  -cKirM.w. 


parts  f>i  Coventry  to\vn>Iiii).  Chc.-tcr  county,  and  oi  Robeson  town-hip, 
Jk-rks  cniinty.  llan-  Monson  was  tlic  tirst  t(.>  acquire  land  in  tlii-  sec- 
tion, the  wairaiu  I'ein-  i.-sucd  in  i'..S4.  C)tlier  settlers  rapidly  followcl, 
.nnd  by  tlu  time  the  township  was  •■erected"  -in   175J,  the  land  Vvas  pretty 

well   occujiied.      Monocacy. 
a  small  villaj^^e   known   also 
„„,,— <r>-Jw^''A   as  Mount  Airy,  is  our  first. 
*       stopping-jilace.       Here     we 


X 


I 


•s^^< 


I 


M 


OLDEST  HOt^SE   IN   BERKS  COUNTY, 
Erected  in    17  16 


were     inloriued     that     this 
was  at  one  time  a  thrivmt^ 
industrial  locality,  evidence 
of    which    may    be    seen    by 
\       the   ruins   of   the   old    .Al'on- 
f      ocacy  furnace.     A   "depart- 
,  1^     ment   store,"   better   known 
'I    as     a     "general     sLure"     in 
"%    rural    districts,    was    estab- 
i    lislied  here  ;i-  early  as  1812. 
\\'illiam     Long     being     the 
proprietor.     The  Six- Penny 
Creek    is    a    very     cheerful 
stream     whicli     we    noticed 
while    "seeing    the    sights."' 
But  thi.-  little  village  isn't  really  as  quiet  as  it  would  seem  to  be,  for  sud- 

denl\-  we  heard  loud  rei^orts.  the  earth  trembled — and  so  did  we.  a  liule • 

not  knowing  whether  the  Monocacy  tribe  of  Indians  had  returned  to  take 
revenge  upon  the  white  land-grabbers,  or  whether  a  tleet  of  foreign  men- 
of-war  had  sailed  \.\\>  the  Schuylkill  to  capture  the  Berks  C'uuity  Dutch. 
\\'hile  pondering  over  the  .-ituation,  a  farmer  came  our  way.  and  to  our 
query,  "AX'hat's  the  trouble"'"  merely  pointed  to  a  building  some  distance 
away,  and  said,  "The  Fort."  This  astonished  us  still  nK>rc  and  gave  no 
relief  to  our  unea.-e,  the  booming  of  mighty  guns  continuing.  Not  know- 
ing but  that  an  enemy  might  have  sighted  us  and  might  even  now  be 
training;  a  gun  in  "ur  direction,  we  concluded  to  hoi.-t  a  tlag  of  truce  and 
advanced  toward  the  fort  with  a  "kerchief  bound  to  our  old  umbrel". 
Suddenly  the  guns  ceased  to  roar,  the  doors  opened,  and  instead  of 
brigaiKJ.-  \s"e  found  that  the  fort  ivas  'iccupied  by  a  company  of  men  of 
our  own  kind,  who  ga\e  us  welcome.  We  jieerefl  into  the  fort,  and  were 
astonished  to  see  that  it  was  "armed  to  the  teeth"  with  cannon,  lujt  of 
the  latest  wire-wound  pattern,  it  is  true,  but  with  great,  massive  imple- 
ments of  war.  Then  we  were  told  the  true  situation:  That  to  this  fort 
are  seiU  by  the  United  States  Government  innumerable  cannon  which 
are  of  no  further  service.  Here  they  are  ciiarged  with  dynamite  au'l  burst' 
asunder  into  ciuivenient  shapes  for  the  scrap  pile,  from  whence  the}-  are 
again  shipped  t"  iro-  -work-  fi  ir  rec.i-i;ng  jjurpose.-.  We  iK'\e-  had  any 
idea  that  there  were  -n  many  taniion  di-po-ed  of  in  this  way;  '.mt  at  this 
fiut  we  were  informed  tiiat  tiiere  are  severcLl  s.nidar  plar.t.-  in  this  ceuntry 


/;ou  \  'HI/:  snn  /,>  a//,/,  i  .i /./,/;) 


37 


fiT  tlic  las;  time  great   iinplenKnts  oi 

I'iacc,    iii.i   longer    in    (Imiht   ai    to 
eaniy    \\a}-    huw 
war  iInpIc^u•^t^ 


\ 


lliat  are  contimially  busy  cliargii 
warlatf. 

We   turn    away   frum    tlii,   interesting   ji'.a 
<iiu-   safety,   but   womlcring    in    a   SMUKwliat    ilreaniy    way    ln.w    many   cen- 
turies will   pa>s  away  beiorc  .(//  dca^h-dtaling  war  impIcnuMits  ■^IwU  li 
been  rek-gated  tu  the  serap-iWle. 

But  we  imagine  that  we  hear  a  pretest  from  the  editor:  "Xo  editorial; 
stick  to  your  historical  journey  str.ry."  So  we  pa,-^  .ui.  A  mile  or  two 
from  Monocacy  is  Donglassville.  in  Amity  tow  ndiii*.  Here  we  f.mnd  so 
much  ol  interest  that  our  iiotedjook  was  fdled  with  lac's  and  another 
was  commenced.  The  oldest  house  in  Pierks  county  is  one  of  the  attrac- 
tions. It  stands  on  the  cast  bank  of  the  Schuylkill  River,  close  to  the 
bridge,  and  tradition  informs  us  th.at  it  was  used  as  a  fr^rt :  that  the 
second-story  windows  answered  the  purpose  of  ])orrholes  when  the 
Indians  attacked  the  white  settlers.  The  building  was  erected  m  171O, 
but  is  still  very  substantial.  In  the  front  wall  is  bml:  a  soapstone  tablet^ 
oblong  in  shape,  engraved, 

-J.  M.  I.,   171O.-  to  indicate    ^r»-^<r :'-"■',"""'"•  V'^"'  ''"■"    '\;^    ^ 
that  tlie  building  was  erect-    -' 
cd    by    Mounce    Jones,    the    »; 
initial    of    the    family    name,    y 
"J,"   being  given  first:   that    '■_ 
for    Mounce.    the    Christian    ij 
name,  next:  and  lastly  "T." 
the    initial    for    Ingabo.    the 
name    of    ^^r.    Jones"    wife. 
For  many  years   the   build-    »■ 
ing    was    used    as    a    ferry- 
house  and  taverri.  for  some 
time  known  as  the  "Landjs' 
Inn."    Today  it  is  used  as  a 
club-house  by  a  number  of 
Reading       families,        who 

spend  part  of  the  summer  in  this  locality  on  pleasant  days.  It  is  a  part 
of  the  i->ouglass  estate,  which  is  managed  by  Mr.  R.  T.  Leaf.  There  is 
another  old  building  nearby,  erected  in  1765,  which  was  for' many  years 
the  mansion  of  George  Douglass,  Mr.  Leaf's  great-grandfather.  In  the 
attic  there  are  large  day-books  and  ledgers,  showing  charges  fi.'r  store 
gt-'ods  sold,  and  credits,  in  pL>unds,  shillings  and  pence,  more  than  a  cen- 
tury ago.  These  books  were  in  u.sc  in  a  stone  store  building  which  still 
stand.s. 

When  the  old  "White  Horse  li(jtel"  at  this  place  was  remodeled  some 
years  ago,  in  tearing  out  closets  and  the  thick  stone  walls  of  a  large  fire- 
place, the  muster-roll  of  Captain  Weiser's  company  of  Revolutionary 
sf)ldiers,  dated  1773,  was  found,  and  is  still  in  possesion  of  a  resident  of 
the  village. 

A  postot'fice  was  established  here  in  iSjo.  The  original  name  of  the 
place  was  Molatron  01  .Morlatttni.  It  w;i.s  settled  by  Swedes  in  1701,  but 
afterward  Cierm;ins  came  in  equally  large  nund.iers.  The  townshi;).  which 
13  the  oldest  in  the  comity,  was  erected  m  1719,  'Sciuire  Geo.  Boone  making 


VCHITE   HORSE  HOTLL 


38 


THE  rnwsYiA  \M  \-r,i:ir]iA  v 


the  survey.  The  early  settlers  were  Lutherans,  ami  they  are  credited 
witli  having  hinlt  tlie  first  cluirch  witliiii  the  houndaries  of  P.erks  county. 
It  was  known  as  Molatton  cluuch.  and  was  huih  of  h)gs.  The  exact  date 
of  Its  erection  is  not  known,  hut  the  time  was  prior  to  i7_>o.  It  was  re- 
built m  17.36,  tlie  dimensions  being  24x^,0  u-vi.  Rev  Gal)ricl  Falck  was 
then  pastor.  According  to  Rev.  Dr.  .Muhlenberg's  account  this  i)a'-tor 
once  had  a  hand  to  hand  struggle  with  a  Moravian  emissary  fur  tlie  pos- 
sessif)u  of  tln'>  pulpit.  In  iS;,i  the  building  was  destroyed  by  fire,  but  it 
was  not  at  tlint  time  in  u>e.  a  stone  church  building  having  been  erected 


Jt& 


«'-4'f7'  rSiif 


0  i^  ) 


5-  f 


'^Ir 


■  >v  i.-:4 


-"■'r 


ST.  GABRIEL'S  PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 


in   i80(.     The  latter  is  .still   standing,   but   has  also   been  abandoned   for  a 
much  finer  edifice. 

The  log  church  was  often  used  as  a  place  for  holding  confer- 
ences between  the  Indians  and  Government  officials  of  the  province. 
School  was  also  held  there  for  a  time,  one  of  tlic  teachers  being  Francis 
R.  Sltunk.  who  afterward  became,  Go\ernor  of  Pennsylvania.  Both  his 
parents  are  buried  here.  The  school  room  had  the  old  fashioned  ar- 
rangement: the  desk-  were  placed  along  the  walls,  the  i.upil,-,  sitting  with 
thei.-  backs  to  the  teacher,  who  liad  his  desk  planted  in  the  centre  of  the 


1H)\\.\   THi:HCUl\LKII.I.   VALI.i:).  39 

room.  The  cost  of  tuition  was  four  cents  a  day.  or  ^-'.50  for  tlircc 
months.  SpcUinij.  reading,  writing  and  oritlinictio  comprised  the  studies. 
.\  large  wood  stcne  gave  heat  to  the  building.  A  stout  switch  also  gave 
heat  to  unruly  pupils. 

J'atriarch  Muhlenberg  preached  here  occasionally  until  August.  1761. 
l'"rom  its  organization  until  that  time  the  congregation-  had  l)een  Luth- 
eran in  denomination,  but  shortly  thereafter  it  I)ecame  absorbed  by  the 
I'jiglish  speaking  element  and  connected  witli  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
C-hurch,  Rev.  Alex.  Murray  being  placed  in  charge.  It  was  tlie  transition 
period  of  many  German  and  Swedish  Lutheran  congregations  to  English. 
J-'.piscopalianism.  The  name  then  changed  to  St.  Gabriel's  church,  which 
continues  to  thrive  to  this  day,  whose  present  rector  is  Rev.  Samuel  Mc- 
KKvee.  In  its  earlier  Episcopal  histe->ry  the  venerable  Bishop  White,  of 
Christ  Church  fame,  Philadelphia,  occasionally  otiiciatcd  here.  He  preach- 
ed the  E.nglish  sermon  at  the  dedication  of  edifice  in  iSoi.  In  1S80 
tneasures  were  taken  by  the  rector.  Rev.  John  Long,  for  the  erection  of 
a  new  editk-e.  He.  v.ith  John  Y.  ^'ocluu  and  Jeremiah  Vocom,  com- 
1  riscd  a  buildiiig  committee.  Henry  Me>schert  contributed  an  excel- 
lent plot  of  ground,  and  work  was  commenced  in  iXSo.  On  the  19th  of 
October  of  the  same  year  the  corner  stone  wa^  laid.  The  edifice  wa- 
consecrated  January  23.  1S84.  It  i^  a  beautiful  --tructure.  having  tine 
memorial  windows,  and  iiuerior  decorations.  The  total  cost  was  about 
•f-'LOOO.     The  old  and  the  new  church  stand  close  tr,  each  other. 

There  are  many  graves  in  the  old  church  yard,  but  many  oi  the  to'.nb- 
stones  have  been  obliterated  by  time  and  exposure  to  the  weather.  Here 
rest  lIic  remains  of  Andrew  Robeson,  a  prominent  land  owner  in  Soutli- 
^rn  Berks  about  200  years  ago.  He  died  in  i/iQ.  aged  66  years.  His 
grave  is  marked  with  a  sand  stone,  which  bears  upon  it  this  inscription: 

"Removed   from   noise   and   care 

This   silent   place   I   cliose: 
When    death    should    end    my    years 

To   take   a   sweet   repose. 

Here  in  a  peaceful  place. 

My  ashes- must  remain; 
My  Sa\  iour  shall  me  keep 

And    raise    me   up   again." 

Andrew  Robeson  was  a  man  of  large  wealth  and  of  high  esteem.  Rob- 
eson township,  through  which  we  traveled  en  route  to  Birdsboro.  was 
named  in  his  honor. 

Before  resuming  our  journey  to  the  county  line,  a  profitable  side  trip 
to  Amityville  is  to  be  taken.  It  is  onl}-  a  matter  of  several  miles  and 
through  beautiful  country.  As  we  approach  our  destination  there  is 
exposed  to  view  St.  Paul's  church,  an  imposing- edifice  with  a  steeple  i_'0 
feet  high.  It  may  be  seen  for  miles  around,  standing  as  it  does  in  a 
>n<)st    conspicuous    (lu-iition.      St.    Paul's    is    occupied    by   both    L'.itheran 


40 


77//;  l'i:\\S)LVA  MA-CKini.W. 


and   KLi'iirnu'd  congrc^aiions  and  dates  back  to    1753,   wIkh  a  Id-   Iiiiu>e 


\vas    crcctcil    tor    rc'h.yi'Uis    ])uri)o-c,- 
sclmul.     Ill    i/'.)')  a  new  building'  wa 


.■-.•->'«;  .>-^.- 


.^'• 


m%' 


.if^.: 


ST.  PAUL'S  LUTHERAN  AND  RLFORMED 
CHURCH 


as  well  as  lor  the  openinj,'-  oi  a 
erected,  at  a  cost  of  $2.3^5.  It  was 
consecrated  in  1798.  Tbe  tind;er 
\\a^  brought,  frotn  Orwiysbnrg, 
Schuylkill  county,  and  the  roof 
made  of  cedar  shingles.  The  pres- 
ent edifice  was  built  in  iS7_'.  The 
corner-stone  was  laid  .August  12 
of  that  year,  and  the  building  was 
consecrated  AugU'^t  16  and  17. 
187,^  It  has  a  seating  capacity  of 
Soo  and  a  two  thousand  dollar 
bell.  The  services  of  both  con- 
gregation>  were  almost  wholly  in 
German  until  [848,  when  luigli^h 
wa:i  introduced,  alternately  witli 
German. 

Now  we  are  ready  to  retrace 
our  steps.  Arriving  at  Dong- 
!ass\ille.  after  an  e.xcellent  d\u- 
ner  at  the  hotel,  we  again  re- 
siune  our  travels  upon  the 
trail,  which,  by  the  way.  has  been  extensively  tra\eled  by  Indian  and 
white  man  for  centuries.  We  would  like  nothing  better  than  to  ?it  down 
for  a  while  under  yonder  oak  tree,  to  enjoy  the  charming  scenery  to  its 
utmost  and  jirobably  iot  d<jwn  .sentimental  material  for  a  historic  novel, 
■ — with  renns\l\  ania-German  characters  as  the  incenti\e.  But  again  re- 
membering the  editor's  direction,  '"stick  to  your  story,"  we  attempt  to 
make  a  new  record  in  covering  distance  and  arrive  at  Union\illc,  the 
last  stopping  place  or  rather  the  terminus  of  our  journey,  and  the  old- 
est hamlet  visited  on  tliis  trip.  The  land  in  this  locality  was  originally 
owned  by  Abraham  B rower.  About  90  some  years  ago  the  first  business 
'lace,  a  general  store,  was  opened  by  John  Brower.  Abraham  Brower 
was  the  proprietor  of  a  fonndry  which  was  in  operation  from  178O  until 
his  death  in  18,50.  His  son-m-law,  Augustus  Leopold,  continued  the 
business  for  some  time,  small  castings  being  the  pr(jduct  of  the  plant. 
John  Brower  had  a  factory  where  candle  sticks,  now  highl_\'  clieri>he<l. 
were  manufactured,  as  well  as  lamps  and  coffee  mills.  He  had  si.k  men 
employed  and  was  very  pr(jsperous,  tiiis  industry  continuing  until  about 
1S32.  In  1828  a  postoftice  was  established  and  was  called  Brower's.  bv 
which  name  it  is  still  designated,  although  the  name  Unionville  prevails 
also,  the  title  being  derived  from  the  township  in  which  it  is  situated — 
Union. 

This  was,  years  ago,  a  busy  centre  in  boating  interests.  The  Schuvl- 
kil!  Navigation  Company  after  constructing  the  canal  ivuiw  Philadel- 
phia to  the  coal  regions,  erected  a  boat  _\ard  here,  and  also  had  a  farm 
close  by,  where  the  mules  used  on  the  canal  were  quartered  in  winter. 
Naturally  budness   was   bn-k  for   the   \  lUage,  as  the   boatmen   were  large 


7>oii\v  Tin:  self  I  L)  hiij,  ]  \f.i.i:y 


41 


l>uyors  and  free  siKiulers.     Today,  liowexer,  instead  of  luiiidrLds  of  boats 
pavii^ating;  this  \vater  murse.  tliere  are  less  tlian  twu  dnzen. 

We  face  about  and  are  otY  for  Birdsboru.  foregoing-  the  pleasure  of 
sjiending  some  time  along;  the  Mill  Creek,  a  famous  trout  stream  near 
the  Chester  county  line.  From  r.ird'-l)Mr<i  we  hurry  rm  to  Ranmstown, 
.smacking  our  lij>s  over  the  prosjiects  before  us  for  historical  dainties. 
We  are  directed  to  a  point  about  one  mile  north  of  this  place,  and  their 
behold  the  birthplace  of  the  darin.g  pioneer,  Daniel  Boone.  E'xeter 
tounshiii.  in  which  this  landmark  is  located,  was  originallv  a  part  of  a 
tract  of  land  grauttd  in  i6Sj  by  Penn  to  John  Millington.  of  Shrews- 
bury, Kng. :  tlic  latter'?  interests,  however,  became  vested  in  Ra'ph  Ashc- 
ton,  of  Philadelphia,  and  in  1730  250  acres  were  acquired  by  'Squire 
r.oone,  of  Philadelphia  county,  father  of  our  hero,  Daniel.  Until  his 
17th  year,  Daniel  resided  in  Exeter  township,  in  which  time  he  developied 
a  great  fondness  for  the  forest.  It  is  said  that  he  knew  the  county  and 
its  surroundings  in  his  youth  as  but  few  ohler  persons  did  and  was  con- 
tinually striving  to  become  a  "sure  shot"  with  his  trusty  rifle.  Tradition 
informs  us  that  his  was  an  uneasy  nature  and  that  even  as  a  boy  he  could 
.scarcely  endur',-  silting  in  schoi>l,  Init  would  rather  be  out  hunting  in  the 
h-uests.  IJis  education  was,  therefore,  uot  so  extensive  as  his  tather's. 
e\iilence  of  which  was  found  in  one  of  his  early  works  of  art,  cut,  boy- 
fa-~hion,  into  the  bark  (_<f  a  tree: 


D    Boone 
CiLted 


bAr 


It  is  related  that  upion  one  occasion,  when  a  mere  boy.  Daniel  dug 
himself  a  cave  on  the  banks  of  the  Schuylkill,  three  miles  from  home, 
and  lived  in  it  a  week  before  being  discovered  by  his  friends.  Though 
they  passed  the  place  rejjeatedly  in  their  search,  his  woodcraft  had  con- 
cealed all  signs  of  human  habitation  so  completely  that  they  could  not 
tind  it. 

Scjuire  Boone,  and  family.  Daniel  included,  left  the  township  in  175a 
and  migrated  to  North  Carolina.  In  1769  Daniel  led  a  party  into  the 
unknown  regions  of  West  \'irginia  (now  Kentucky),  where  he  dis- 
tinguished himself  by  his  boldness,  his  wonderful  experiences  with  the 
Indians,  and  his  successful  career  as  a  pioneer.  He  was  the  most  prom- 
inent character  in  the  lirst  steps  of  our  civilization  westward  of  the  Al- 
leghanies.  Notwithstanding  his  busy  career,  Daniel  and  iiis  family  loved 
the  <dd  hcane^tead  iii  l-^xeter  township  and  visited  it  in  17.^8.  Our  Berks 
couiU}-  hero  died  in   Missouri,   September  JO,    1820,  aged  nearly  87  years. 


42 


Til  i:  /'/■;  \  A  >v  y/A  .\.\IA-(;  /;  A'  1/ .  i  .V. 


each  year,  after  his  having  arrived  at  nurture  age  being  charged  u-ith 
exatnig  exploits  and  serviceable  deeds  for  his  countrv.  Ifis' memory 
.s  hjghly  cherished,  especially  by  the  now  densely  popuKuted  countv  of 
Berks,  which  claims  him  as  a  son  from  among  the  most  notable  per- 
sonages in   history. 

Twenty-f^ve  years  after  his  death,  the  State  of  Kentucky  had  the  re- 
mains oi  Colonel  I'.oone  exhumed  ,n  Missouri  and  brought  back  to 
Pranklord.  where  they  were  buned  with  appropriate  services.  Governor 
Morehead  delivered  a  stirring  and  deserved  eulogy  upon  the  life  and 
services  ot  -the  tounder  ot  the  Commonwealth  of  Kentucky  " 

In  the  rotunda  of  the  Capitol  at  Washington  ,..  a  bas-relief  of  a  white 
man  in  leggms.  hunting  shirt  and  c<.onskin  cap  of  a  pioneer.  One  dead 
Indian  lies  at  his  feet.     He  is  sinking  his  knife  into  the  heart  of  another 


n 


/"■".- 


BIRTHPLACE  OF  DANIEL  BOONE 

''That."   savs  the  guide,   -is  an   exploit   of   Daniel    Hoone.   an  incident   in 
his  life  upon  the  frontier." 

The  Boones  have  been  prominent  through  all  the  history  of  this  sec- 
tion, and  there  are  many  prominent  and  re^pecte.l  families  of  that  name 
living  here  still.  Samuel  G.  Boone,  a  descendant  of  the  great  pioneer 
resides  in  Reading,  where  he  conducts  a  prosperous  store  He  it  was 
who  had  taken  the  picture  of  the  Boone  homestead  pul)lislied  herewith 
and  was  included  in  the  photograph. 

About  a  mile  below  Lorane  (formerly  named  Kxeter  Station  )  we  en- 
ter upon  new  pleasures,  being  no  less  a  place  (,f  interest  than  the 
birthplace  and  early  home  of  the  ancestor^  of  President  .Abraham  Lin- 
coln. The  immortal  emancipator's  great  grandfather,  also  named  -\bra- 
ham  Lincoln,  uas  born  here  in  i;jo  and  p,,.ssessed  sterling  qualities  as  a 
citi/en    m   public  aii.l   private  life.      Hi.   was   a  prominent   position   m   the 


/K)\\  \   rnHs<in  ylkii.i.  I'.uj.ii)'.  rs 


political  history  of  Berks  county,  and  lie  repcatcilly  served  tlic  people  in 
a  most  ahlc  manner.  In  tlie  .Assembly,  from  178,^  to  17S6.  he  was  recogniz- 
ed as  one  of  the  foremost  men  of  the  period  in  the  State.  Three  years 
later  he  was  chosen  by  the  county  as  a  delegate'  to  the  C'oustitr.tional 
Convention  in  Philadeliihia  and  the  ]>ul)lic  records  slu.iw  that  fiu"  many 
similar  important  events  he  was  chosen  as  the  county's  representative. 

Mordecai,  his  father,  settled  in  Exeter  township  in  1731,  removing  here 
from  New  Jersey,  to  which  place  he  had  migrated  from  Massachusetts 
in  1717.  He  immediately  commenced  improving  the  land.  He  erected 
a  house  for  his  own  use  and  shortly  afterward  was  the  prime  mover  in 
the  erection  of  a  Quaker  house  of  worship  near  where  the  Friends' 
meeting  house  in  Exeter  now  stands.  He  died  before  the  age  of  65  and 
was  buried  in  the  church  yard  adjoining  the  Exeter  meeting  house. 
Other  anccNtors  of  Pre>ident  Lincoln  are  also  buried  here.  In  the 
southern  part  of  the  county,  not  including  Exeter,  there  are  also  quite 
a  few  prominent  families  bearing  the  name  of  Lincoln  and  doubtless  are 
descendants  of  the  same  blood.  Li  the  vicinity  of  Morgantown  there 
are  burial  grounds  containing  the  remains  of  members  of  the  Lincoln 
family,  some  of  whom  are  said  to  have  been  in  api^earance  remarkably 
similar  to   tlie   martyred   President. 

The  Lincolns  of  Berks  county,  and  i)articularly  the  late  David  Lincoln. 
whose  family  still  resides  at  Hirdsboro.  were  participants  in  the  success- 
ful operation  of  the  ■"underground  railway"  during  the  da\  s  of  slavery 
and  were  among  the  foremost  supporters  of  the  anti-slaverv  movement. 
David  Lincoln,  for  this  and  other  good  qualfties,  was  held  in  high  es- 
teem and  a  part  of  the  residence  section  of  Birdsboro  has  been  named 
Lincolntown  in  his  honor. 

Before  leaving  Exeter  township  we  have  decided  to  go  south  a  little 
further  to  catch  a  glimpse  of  the  ancient  "Red  Lion"  inn.  established  in 
1760  and  in  continuous  ojieration.  Li  its  early  history  it  was  known  as 
the  "King  George."  but  of  course  that  wouldn't  do  after  the  coloni.=ts 
decided  to   shift   for  themselves  without  his  guiding  hand — or  tlst. 

Now  we  have  completed  our  mission  and  turn  Readingward,  knowing 
full  well  that  a  vast  deal  of  historical  material  must  still  be  left  untouch- 
ed upon  in  the  by-paths  upon  which  we  could  not  at  this  time  enter. 
iome  time  we  would  like  to  hunt  out  the  most  minute  historical  points 
of  interest  in  this  section,  and  with  this  feeling  in  our  heart  wave  fare- 
well to  this  beautiful  valley  and  cry  out  cheerfully  "Auf  Wiedersehn  I" 

Howard   C.    Mouk. 

Do  OL'R  readers  iieetl  Inig'gies  or  wagons  of  any  description,  sew- 
ing machines,  pianos,  organs  at  about  half  price,  engravings  or 
cuts  of  atiy  description,  the  use  of  an  A.  Xo.   I  health  or  rest  re 
sort,  and  get  tlie  very  best  for  their  money,  then  let  them  consult 
<'ur  advertising  pages. 


BOOK 


NOTICES 


With  "Bobs" 

and  Kruger. 

15  V 

F.  W.  Un-er 


book  itself, 
twenties. 


■^■':A5^ 


1   ic    energy   displayed   in    making   tins  book   a   nncsibilitr 
uhen   one   knows   it.   aliih.st  holds   the  mind   of  the  reader 
captive  u-ith  aclmiration.  so  that  he  forgets  to  think  of  th.- 
Ihe  author  is  a  young  Philadelphian.  in  the 
whose   ancestry,   on   all   lines,    runs  through   the 

'"-'^^  •^trains  of  Pennsylvania-Ger- 

~^      man  blood,  but  whose  daring  grit 
j      in  writing  up  the  unfortunate  ■'un- 
•      pleasantness"    that    still   disgraces 
the  h^nglish  name  in  South  Africa, 
\yas   nut  excelled   by  any  of  John 
Hull  s.  or  any  Yankee  corrcspond- 
enl  (,.n  the  tield.     Being  on  a  trip 
of  adventure  m  the  Alaskan  Klon- 
dyke   at   the  outbrealc  (..f  the  war. 
he    hasteii>    back,    equips    himself 
for  a  new  clime  and  climate,  lying 
towarrls  the  opposite  pole,  across 
the  length,  and  width  of  an  ocean, 
on  another  C(jntinent.  to   take  up 
a   new    work   altogether.      He  se- 
cures  a   position   on    the   statT   of 
the    London   "Daily   Express":   is 
present  with   Lord  Roberts"  earlv 
operations;    is    then    sent    secretlv 
to      the      Boer      side,      and      fill's 
the     unique     position 
this     F.nglish     paper 
account      of      events 
now     passed     before 
personal   experiences   with    both    sides   of 
Dark    Continent.      It   is    given    as   an    eye- 


?■ 


oi     giving 

a     graph.ic 

as       they 

him.      His 


book   is   a   chatty   narrative 
this   unfortunate    war   in    tl 

vvitness  oidy  couki  give  the  narrative.  but'Vo  help  the  graphic' pen-«ketches 
he  author  turned  kodaker.  and  so  has  his  text  illumined  with  over  iso 
nalt-tones.  As  tar  as  we  know,  there  were  no  Berks  countv  girls  posincr 
tor  these  picture-groups  of  Boer  ladies,  as  happened  to  another  writer^  on 
the  subject  some  tune  since.  The  hook  is  well  gotten  out  by  Henrv  T 
Coates  &  Co..  Publishers,  Philadelphia;  is  41-'  octavo  pages  in  size, 'and 
sells  for  ^2.00. 


Life  Bevond  This  book  consists  of  fourteen  verv  charming  discourses  bv 
the  Grave.  ■''"^'  ^^'^•,  ^^'"-  f^-  S.  Hottman  on  the  general  subject  of  the 
..II  1  f  .1  ■'ii'V''"'^^  ^^-y  ^"  -''^  *^"''  ^'^*-^  preaching  of  which  were  first 
caned  torth  bv  the  death  01  his  own  wife,  to  whose  memorv  he  dedicates 
tie  voUune.  The  sermons  are  argumentaiive  in  stvle  and 'convincing  in 
their  conciisions  ot  the  happy  and  blessed  lite  bevond  for  all  God'-^  be- 
lieving children.  The  realms  of  reason,  nature  and'revelation  are  resorted 
to  in  the  arguments  produced,  and  the  whole  is  b 
believer  stronger  assurances  of  this  darli 
this  life,  and  great  comi  <n  of  heart  in  the 

Its  voice  is  >o,,ihing  am.  strengthening  to  the  heart  broken  bv  gru-f      The- 
Lnion  Press.  Philadelphia;  octa\o;    ui  ^  " 


diadr 


rniml 
^e,    new   di 
\s  ot  >ore 


'   give    every 

ire   to   attain 

'erea\ements. 


•f.oo. 


By 


r.ooh  :\(nici:s.  45 

T-  <:  n     IT      t   J  Tlic    rfputnlinii    ot    tlii-;    author    as   a    writer    of 

Lives  Qf  the  Hunted.  ^^,^j^^,.^,  l^^^^,.;^,^  ^^  e^iabl.^lKM  l-ryond  a  (luil-hk-. 

lie  has  long  ^ince  placcil  h.i-  nann.  on  the  ver} 
hii^hest  notch  of  cxrelk'ncy  in  thi>  tlepartnuMU 
of  htfratiire  i.iy  hi^  niaya/ine  articles  am!  Iii^  former  liooks,  c-pecially  h.is 
"Wihl  An.niaU  1  Have  Known,"  whirli  la:ier  ha^  had  an  unprecedented 
sale.  'riri>  last  xohiine  of  his  jicii  is  ^oin.i;-  to  add  to  his  fame — if  that 
were  i)o-.-!ble — a-  it  has  addt-d  to  his  u-efnliie-s.  io.r  it  seems  to  he  the 
mission  of  this  intense  Ir.ver  of  wild  aninialdife  ti.i  defend  the  too  otten 
defenceU  s.,  I. rules  and  t>irds  oi  the  mountains  and  torcsts  and  the  un- 
tamed plains.  He  i-  an  illustrious  apostle  of  the  nnlained  world  of 
iinimals — tln/ugh  it  would  seem  all  wiidness  wa~  dissipated  when  he 
invades  their  natixc  realms — as  Anna  Sewell  i?  that  c>f  the  horse.  He 
has  c<.>ine  so  close  to  this  kingdom  of  furs  and  feathers  that  he  is  lamiliar 
not  only  with  their  every  track  and  call  and  habitat,  but  aU(j  with  the 
very  motive  and  feelin.u  of  the  animal-soul.  He  interpirets  wild  animal 
looks  and  aciions.  groans  aiul  calls,  and  hence  can  readil_\-  understand 
them  and  write  their  little  episodes  and  epics.     As  W'hittier  .sa\s: 

■'Himself   to   Nature's  heart   so   near 
Tliat  all  her  voices  in  his  t-ar. 
Of  beasi  or   bird,  had  meanings  clear.'" 

This  volume  of  the  "Doings  of  Five  Quadrupeds  and  Three  Birds,'  — 
a  mountain  ram.  a  bear,  a  (log,  or  rat.  a  coyote,  the  cock-sparrow.  the 
tea!  duck,  and  the  chick. idee — is  hist(_iry.  i.  e..  a  true  account.  (  >nly  such 
a  close  o'jserver  as  this  entliu'^ia^tic  animal  student  and  frieml.  could 
ever  write  such  a  history.  It  will  doubtless  make  many  friends  for  these 
dumb  neighbors  of  man's,  whose  inhumanity  has  too  long  been  their 
bitterest  lot  to  bear.  He  touches  the  will  not  Ijv  an  appeal  to  reason  so 
much  as  to  sym[iathy.  and  if  ever  the  animals  can  ri-e  in  their  sphere 
sutlicienily  to  raise  memorials  to  their  benefactors.  Mr.  Stetcin-Thompson 
will  ha\e  his  monument,  upon  which  erection  ten  thousand  living  crea- 
ti;res  will  contribute  their  quota,  and  at  whose  unveiling  all  the  feathered 
songsters  will  render  their  finest  melodies.  The  stiiries  themselves  are 
highly  interesring.  If  my  reader  has  a  lioy,  for  whom  the  evenings  are 
dull  and  tlie  up-town  attractions  have  strong  allurements,  it  is  evident 
there  is  no  copy  of  this  book  within  his  reach.  The  naive  illustrations 
on  every  page  of  the  wide-margined  bool<  by  the  autluM's  own  hand  are 
perhaps  the  most  charming  and  instructive  part  of  the  whole  volume, 
wiiich  is  <:)ne  of  the  tinest  the  Scribners  have  ever  gotten  out.  J.arge 
Octavo.     3',x)   pp.     ?i.~5. 

TV,,,  -M  u      1   V  11  What    this    magazine    in    its    "Historic    Pilgrimage" 

The  Mohawk  Valley.  .^^^_^.,^.^  ,.  .ttcmiptmg  to  do.  in  a  comprehensive 
t.\  \\.  -Max  tvei.l.  ^^._^^^,  ^^.j,|j  .^,j  ^,^^,  valleys  of  Eastern  Pennsylvania. 
\\here  our  German  ancestors  of  a  century  and  three-fourths  ago  took  up 
tiieir  pioneer  homes,  this  son  of  the  famous  and  lucturesque  Mohawk 
region  has  done  for  that  historic  valley  of  upper  Xeu  York  in  a  ntinute 
and  most  artistic  way.  The  legends  and  history  of  this  region  for  two 
hundred  years — from  i(>09  to  1780 — is  uell  and  connectedly  told.  If  the 
stirring  scenes  enacted  here  during  the  h'rench  and  Indian  and  the  Revo- 
lutionary Wars  had  been  hitherto  neglected  by  writers  of  history  or  fic- 
tion, this  present  chronicler  has  done  its  local  history  ample  justice  and 
narrated  in  a  most  engaging  way  the  tragic  events  and  heroic  deeds  here 
enacted.  He  has  woven  the  oft-told  tales  of  legend  and  history  into  one 
of  the  finest  books  on  local  history  we  have  ever  seen.  Xot  a  locality. 
from  Schenectady  to  Rome,  has  been  neglected — and  each  town  has  its 
riuuantic  story  of  vary  wars  and  each  "bit  <''i  woodland  has  its  wealth 
of  prehistoric  legend."  Of  course  many  characters  of  natiou.'d  fame  llgurc 
in  the  volume — the   Indian,   h'renclim.iii,    i'.ir^lishm.'ni.    Palatine  and  high- 


46 


THE  l't:\S  s\l.\\MA.(;i:iniAS. 


bred  American  ^  ankee,  all  fi-ure  i.i  it— as  tlieir  stock  -ave  coloring  to  the 
stream  ol   history  that  lk.\ved  up  ami  down  the  \  alley.     Xot  the  least   ot 
these  are  our  own  favorite  Palatines,  whose  footpriius  are  well  traced  in 
this  work.     Cooper's  "Last  of  Mohicans"  liad  at  last  its   legitimate  suc- 
cessor— hction  complemented  and  interpreted  by  fact. 
_    Any    one    who    knows    the    publications    of   the    Knickerbocker    Press 
Knows  what  success  it  has  had  in  bringing  out  in  the  finest  style  its  many 
volumes  on   history— as   its   Historic   Mansions,   Historic   Towns    and   its 
Historic   Romance   Series.      But  in   this   work  on  the   A[ohawk   Vallev   it 
has  exci'edod  every  iormer  effort.     Its  450  large  octavo  pages  have  been 
tMiibellished  with   seventy   of  the  handsomest  full   page  illustrations  from 
photographs  by  J.  Arthur   ^[aney  in   half-tone   and  photogravure    which 
makes   it  a  book  of  tine  art  as  well   as  an   interesting   work   on   history 
1  he-  work,   neatly  encased  in  a  box.  sells  for  $3.30  net,  or  $3.7:;  by  mail 
Cj.  1.  I'utnam  s  Sons,  Aew  \  ork. 


Tiire  and  Chance. 

By     ■ 
Elbert  Hubbard. 


Ocme  V  Chance 
0hefl7<ul)b<ird 


No  one  could  have  guessed  that  this  Rovcroft  King, 
who,  m  his  "Philistine"  is  wont  to  flav  preachers, 
roast  lawyers  and  fry  editors,  storv-wnters  and  the 
rest  of  thinkers  and  actors  indiscriminately,  could  be 
the  author  of  a  work  so  ful'l  of  patho.> 
and  sound  sense,  as  is  contained  in  this 
narrative  of  John  Brown,  the  hero  of 
Osawatomie  and  Harper's  Ferry.  It  is 
charming  how  he  weaves  into  the  plain 
linsey-woolsey  robes  of  this  rugged  hero's 
life-story  such  a  delicate  and' attractive 
lace-work  of  sentiment  and  incident. 
The  chief  character  of  the  romance 
stands  ont  like  a  bronze  statue  in  a  park, 
with  every  lineament  clearly  brought 
out,  over  which  has  been  woven  the  dra- 
pery of  a  most  delicate,  gauze-like  ro- 
mance. It  is  a  volume  of  life-pictures, 
snap-shotted  by  a  clear-cut  camera  from 
the  history  of  this  wonderful  man.  c(n-- 
ering  the  principal  events  of  his  check- 
ered life  from  childhood  till  he  met  his 
unhappy  fate.  The  pictures  pass  Itefore 
the  reader,  peopled  with  other  folk  in  such  a  variety  of  poses 
and  predicament  that  the  final  whole  is  like  unrolling  the  long 
scroll  of  a  vitascope  before  one's  eye.  It  is  a  question  whether  John 
Brown's  life  was  ever  more  fascinatingly  told,  and  the  book  must  take 
high  rank  among  the  many  modern  books  of  historical  fiction.  There 
nay  be  hints  on  religion  and  love  that  are  not  orthodox,  vet  there  is 
wisdom  in  the  philosc-jphizing  that  is  the  setting  to  everv  picture.  To 
many  the  author  is  a  mystery.     He  is  hard  to  be^ taken.     But  whether  he 

is  or  has  been  a  knave,  a  hypocrite,  a  gambler  or  a  corrunt  politician 

as  one  might  inter  from  the  correct  likenesses  here  drawn  of  these— no 
one  that  reads  this  book  will  call  him  a  fool,  or  doubt  his  deep  and  right- 
eous love  for  the  human  kind.  And  as  a  delineator  of  character  or  a 
maker  of  pen-pictures,  he  certainly  lias  mastered  his  art.  For  the^e 
traits  alone.  "Davi.l  Harum"  has  been  left  in  the  shade.  This  volume  is 
gotten  out  by  the  Putman's,  is  a  book  of  4:^2  i2mo.  pp..  and  sells  at  $i.;o. 


n 


The  Life  of  Philip  Scha£f.  Tl.i^'-'i'ffli  ^^'^  M'";'"*;''"  '"  ^''^'  author,  a  copy  of 

By  Da^id  S    SclntY         V'*   work,   published   nearly  five  years   ago,   was 

'.     ''       ^'^       '     ■         inrnished    us    at    special    terms    with    thc\inder- 

standmg  that   our   readers   should   be   made   ac(|uainterl   with   it^   existence 


HOOK    \OTl('i:s.  ■  47 

,iiul  contents.  Since  it  came  tr>  hand,  liow  c\  cr,  nnr  time  has  been  so 
jier^j-tently  occupied  witli  otiier  (hities  tliat  we  find  it  impossible  to  i;ive 
a  (li'.ci  inmiate  critique  oi  the  hunk.  It  will  be  euough,  however,  to  say 
tii.it.  wiierever  one  chances  to  take  h'jld  i;t'  its  pages,  tiie  current  ot  the 
lnograplier's  sketch,  seizes  one  with  such  a  tenacity  of  interest  that  it  is 
liiiind  hard  to  break  away.  This  life,  which  has  cast  one  of  the  longest 
shadows  on  the  plane  of  American  religious  history  and  the  theological 
trend  of  the  Christian  Church  in  the  last  half-century,  having  its  roots  in 
Switzerland  and  tlie  Universities  of  Germany,  early  transplanted  to  the 
hills  of  Pennsylvania,  as  professor  in  a  literary  and  theological  institute 
\\ithin  the  narrow  confines  of  a  then  small  denomination  of  German- 
Americans  and  tlieir  oftspring,  just  awakening  to  a  consciousness  of 
their  own  mission,  ihcnce  gradually  rising  to  the  more  influential  thought 
and  moulding  center,  as  professor  in  Union  Theological  Seminary  of 
\ew  "^'ork  City,  is  well  outlined  in  the  29  chapters  of  the  book,  l-rom 
the  earlier  years  to  tlie  last  days  this  intkientially  gigantic  life  is  depicted 
— as  only  an  able  and  discriminating  son,  who  is  himself  a  theological 
l)rofessor.  could  do  it.  We  feel  confident  from  the  cursory  examination 
given  it  that  it  will  always  pass  as  the  standard  life  of  this  familiar  theo- 
logical giant,  whose  name  has  been  upon  the  lips  of  thousands  of  Penna- 
(iermans  for  a  generation.  Many,  especially  of  the  Reformed  branches 
of  the  Church,  w  ill  be  glad  to  welcome  this  brother  German-.\merican  to 
tlieir  fireside,  and  give  many  a  long  evening  to  him,  now  made  possible 
through  thi>  voluminous  biography,  Charles  Scribners  Sons,  New  York. 
52(>  large  8vo  pp.     ^3.00. 


History  of         Under  this  title  Mr.  James  J.  Hauser  of  Eniaus,  Pa.,  has 
Lehigh  County,   collected  into  some  ninety  odd  pages  of  an  octavo  pamph- 
Penn'a.  let.  a  great  deal  of  valuable  history  of  this  time-honored 

abode  of  so  many  Pennsylvania  Germans.  From  the  earliest  treaties  with 
llie  Indiaiis  to  its  present  day  statistics,  the  settlement,  war  history  and 
record  of  names,  internal  improvements,  education,  soil,  geography, 
county  seat  and  boroughs,  duties  of  oiricers  and  list  of  officers  from  its 
establishment  as  a  county  to  present  day,  together  with  a  list  of  most 
noted  i)rofessional  men.  are  all  given.  It  is  a  very  creditable  work  and  its 
list  of  soldiers  of  all  wars  is  itself  worth  the  price  of  the  book  (50  cents; 
to  any  one  interested.     It  should  he  much  in  demand. 


History  of  '^^^  recent  pastor  of  this  congregation,  Rev. 

St.  John's  Reformed  Church,    ^^^"''>'  "•   K'inck.  now  of  Reading.   Pa.,  last 
of  Lebanon  Pa  l'^^-  "f^^"  ^'^^  -*°^''  anniversary  ot  its  estab- 

...  hshment,  in  connecticin  with  the  special  tes- 

tivitics,  gathered  the  material  of  its  two-score  years  of  historical  life  and 
now  has  brought  it  out  in  convenient  book-form,  beautifully  printed  and 
illustrated.  It  is  a  credit  to  the  compiler  and  must  be  appreciated  by 
every  one  in  connection  now  (jr  to  be  in  the  future.  For  sale  by  the  con- 
'Tfcgation. 

Babby  Redstart  Crane  &-  Co..  publishers,  of  Topeka.  Kansas,  are  pub- 
lishing a  series  of  good  booklets  under  the  title  oi 
I  wentieth  Century  Classics  and  School  Readings,"  of  which  this  num- 
V>er  is  a  collection  of  brief  Bird  Stories,  written  by  that  authority  on 
birrl  lore,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Leander  S.  Keyser,  of  .\tcliison.  Kan.  It  ranks 
uith  the  best  of  his  well-known   stories. 


American  Historv    ^'^'V^     '^^    ^^''''"-'^^    ^  S""'    l'"^'''-^''^^''^-    *'{    ^'^V-  J""'-^'; 

Lea*l-^t  '     ■"''"'   -''''"s'ng  out  m  a  bi-mnntlily  series  these  Lolonial 

aiid  Consiitutiiinal  hi-torical  leatlets  at  (>o  cents  a  year. 

10  cents  a  eopy,  now  numbering  3O,  a  sample  copy  of  which  has  reached 


4S 


Tin:  i'i:\\s)L\  asi.\-(;i:r.\i.\s. 


-s.      1  hoy   arc    nulinu'iilar^-   and   (lociuncntary   liisiury,    dished  up    in    fine 
and  ciiii\  cni(.-nt  lurni. 


IIiui.  Albert  J.  lioveridgc,  United  States  Senator  t'roni  liidiana,  has 
spent  some  time  in  the  I'ar  East  investigating  commercial  and  political 
conditions,  studying  international  relation^,  appraising  national  resource^, 
and  conierring  with  the  men  who  are  establishing  the  Eastern  policy  ot 
the  huiojiean  powers.  Ihe  vast  amount  of  information  thus  secured  at 
hrst  hand  Senator  Beveridge  embodied  in  a  series  <>,  noteworthy  papers 
wrhten  for  and  recently  pul)lished  in  ■'The  Saturday  Evening  Post."  of 
I'hiladeli)hia.  Senator  Hexeridge  is  a  trained  writer  and  a  Trained  ob- 
server and  iie  has  infused  extracirdinarv  interest  into  subiects  that  might 
make  dull  reading  if  less  brilliantly  handled. 

To  ce.ndense  in  a  paragraph  the  announcement  of  "The  ^'oulh's  Com- 
panion" for  10,02  IS  not  easy.  Not  only  will  nearly  two  hundred  story- 
writers  contribute  to  the  paper,  but  many  ot  the  most  eminent  of  living 
statesmen,  jurists,  men  of  science  and  of  letters,  scholars,  sailors,  soldiers 
and  tra\elers.  including  three  members  of  the  President's  Cabinet.  Atid 
this  is  but  a  beginning  of  ih.e  long  list.  A  complete  ann.iuncement  v/ill 
be  sent  to  any  address  free. 

As  an  advertising  medium,  "The  Philadelphia  Record"  is  one  of  the 
best  propositions  in  the  country;  it  having  been  awarded  the  third  silver 
sugar  bowl  by  "i'rinter's  Ink,"  for  being  the  paper  east  of  Chicago  which 
gives  advertisers  the  best  service  in  proportion  to  the  rate  cliarged.  "The 
Record"  is  the  pioneer  one  cent  newspaper  of  the  United  Spates,  and  has 
by  far  the  largest  circulation  in  Philadelphia. 

The  leading  article  in  the  January  nunilx'r  of  "Country  Life  in  Ameri- 
ca" is  on  California,  by  the  editor  of  the  luagaziiie,  L.  H.  Bailey.  There 
are  fifty  large  photographs  on  many  ^ubJects.  from  garden  making  and 
fruit  growing,  pleasant  homes,  estates,  and  great  ranches,  to  the  natural 
beauties  and  curiosities  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  without  omitting  the  popy- 
\vorts  and  Gila  monsters.  Among  other  articles  are  "The  Country  Life 
of  California."  by  A.  J.  Wells;  "The  Story  of  a  Great  California  Estate," 
by  Charles  Howard  Shinu:  "Plant  Growing  and  Human  Culture,"  by 
Prof.  E.  J.  W'ickson;  and  "The  Bounty  of  Califorma." 

''The  World's  Work"  has  a  "Looking  C)ut\vard"  number  for  it?  Jan- 
uary issue.  "The  period  of  exclusivene'^s  is  past,"  taken  from  President 
McKinley's  last  and  famous  Buffalo  speech,  is  its  clue.  It  deals  witli 
American  expansion  as  an  interesting  chai>ter  of  modern  history.  The 
magazine  has  a  special  cover  in  colors  by  Louis  Rliead. 


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Hon.  Frederick  Augustus  C.  Muhlenberg 


Born  Jan.  2,    1  750 
D'.ED  June  5.    1  SO  I 


.THK, 


Pennsylvania-German 


KKV.    P.    C.    (HO LI..    A.M. 

K.li'.T  an  I  Piil.lislifr 


7>  /•?«,<.■    ;■■;.""  ;>.■/■    //<( 


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Er>\\-AKD    K.    CKOLL 


(/Vt    //-(■'/■    IIK.IllhX 


Vol.    Ill 


LKBANON,    PA.,  APRIL,    1902 


No.  2 


.Kmer.-'i  :il  llic  l'M<t-omre  al  I..I.,ui.mi.  Pa.,  :i-  si.-riii.l-.:l;i'!^  mi 


GREETINGS  TO  PRINCE  HENRY. 

("il-'RMAX  prince  in  America!  The  Gennan  En> 
]<er<ir"s  ver}'  br(.)lher,  ami  the  kite  ihustrious  Queen 
of  F,nL;!and"s  veritai)le  sjrand-son.  and  the  present 
Kint,^  ami  Emperor  of  Great  Britain's  leg-itimate 
nephew,  and  every  American  (ierman's  first  or 
thirty-second  cousin!  Xo  wonder  the  huntini^  and  banners  tlv  in 
the  wintry  breezes!  Xo  wonder  the  German  bands  plav  and  the 
S;mocr-r.unds  siniLr  'Ti'l  tbe  ( iernian  hospitality  and  Ilcrzlic'nkcit 
abound  on  e\  ery  hand  !  This  magazine  Joins  the  procession  of 
i;reetini:^s  and  well-wishes!  Only  before  it  can  tind  a  chance  to 
speak,  the  illustrious  and  lii^allant  visitor  will  have  turned  his  foot- 
steps homeward.  What  a  pity  he  could  not  stay  and  extend  his  vis- 
»t  into  Pennsylvania-(  lermandom  :  take  with  us  a  trip  on  one  of  our 
historical  pilgrima!L,^es,  visit  the  old  (an-man  homesteads,  churches, 
g^raveyards  and  industries  which  ( ierman  immiorants  planted  in 
i-.astcrn  Pennsylvania,  long- before  the  bleeding  Fatherland  dreamt 
'U  arising  from  its  sutteriugs  and  diMuemberment  and  consolidate 
into  a  strong  and  united  nation,  that  today  makes  everv  other  na- 
tion re'^pect  its  flag!  Pit}-,  the  gallant  prince  could  not  sit  down  at 
"ue  of  the  thovisands  of  hospitable  I'eimsylvania-German  firesides, 
eat  the  well-co<jked  \iands  from  one  of  its  well-laden  boards,  and 
oliat  with  its  jiappy  inmates  in  the  vernacular.  J'.ut  doubtless  his' 
tiear  a[>proach  made  every  lierman  l)eisom  swell  w  ith  happv  pride, 
<ind,  if  the  anonymous  poet's  imagination  was  not  too  wild  as  ex- 
pressed in  the  folkjwing  lines,  written  in  anticipation  oi  his  \-i->it 
and  jniblislied  in  the  l'hilade!i)hia  Record — then  there  ha>  been 
jubilation  enough  for  visitor  and  visited.     We  apiieud  the  line-^ : 

49 


TEE  VKSyS  YL  VAST  AC,  F.UM  A  A  , 


VEN    WILLIE'S    BRUDER    COMES 

\'cn  Willie's  bruder  comes — Ach  Gott,  vat  fun! 
Great  juhel.and  rejoicins  vill  he  done, 
Und  ve  die  IH'ut^ch  \ill  half  all  on  der  run, 
Ven  Willie's  hinder  conu-sl 

No  odder  volk  vill  den  hai  any  show. 
Und  Dap:ocs.  Irish,  and  Clunese  may  go 
A\a3'    vay  back  und  ^it  dusvn  far  below, 
\"cn  Willie's  bruder  ccnnesl 

"Den  all  der  kleincs  Dent>chen  hands  will  play 
'"Die  Wacht  am   Rhein''   und   'Teste   P.urg"  all  day, 
L'nd  ve  shall  haf  chust  allerdings  our  vay, 
Ven  Willie's  bruder  comes! 

Ach  Ilimmel,  all  der  bier  dot  shall  be  drank 
^  ill  be  genug  to  till  a  grown-up  tank. 
Und  effry  sausage  mill  vill  bust  its  crank. 
\"en  Willie's  bruder  comes! 

Du  lieher  Gott.  chust  picture  up  der  crowd. 
A-shoutin",  "Hoch  der  Kaiser!"  clear  und  loud, 
Und  Teddy  standin'  py  der  schift  so  proud, 
Ven  Willie's  bruder  come.--! 

Und  \en  der  schift  ist  named  der  "Alice  R." 
\'ill  be  great  celebrations  near  und  far. 
Und  saenger  clubs  vill  all  keep  open  bar, 
Ven  Willie's  bruder  comes! 

Der  schlechten  dings  Chorge  Dewey  said  will  not 
Be  thought  of.  but  as  hasty  tommy-rot. 
Und  ole  Von  Diedrichs  vill  be  clean  forgot, 
Ven  Willie's  bruder  comes! 

Ah,  Gott  sei  Dank  dot  festival  ist  near. 
Gut  Heinrich  H.  will  soon  be  mit  us  here. 
Und  ve  vill  drink  dis  country  dry  of  beer, 
Ven  Willie's  bruder  comes! 


We  return  thanks  to  the  following  kind  friends  who  have  as- 
sisted in  securing  views  and  cuts  tised  in  ])resent  issue  viz. :  J.  F. 
Sachsc.  ^Irs.  II.  M.  Oakley,  Rev.  J.  \\'.  I'.arly,  D.  X.  Schaeffer, 
W.  n.  Smith,  Ui.  A.  Schlechter,  Trot.  W.  W.  Deatrick,  H.  K. 
Deisiier,  Mrs.  W".  H.  Egle  and  W.  S.  Ra}-,  to  all  of  whom  we  bo\y 
our  profoundest  appreciation.  ' 

AAA 

Let  this  stiffice  to  give  notice  to  all  in  arrears  for  1902,  that 
after  April  lotJi  their  subscription,  if  unpaid,  will  he  $r.25  instead 
of  Si. 00,  if  paid  before. 


Famous  Pennsylvania-Germans 


I-REDERICK  AUGUSTUS  CONRAD   MUHLENBERG. 

L'.\'   HKXKV   MELCillOR   .M  UIll.ICXI'.KKc ;   KICIIARI'S. 

|(  )\\'  that  the  i>o<Jitlc  of  I'ennsylvania  arc  heginning  to 
hcttrr  uinU'rstaiKl  and  api^rcciate  what  they  owe  to 
its  earlv  (ierman  ininiigrants,  aiul  their  descendants, 
for  the  material  prosperit}'  surrounding  us  on  all 
sides,  it  cannot  he  out  o^  phxcc  to  pa_\'  that,  among 
the  sons  oi  our  L'ommonweallh,  none  stand  higher,  in  wtirth  and 
deeds,  than  the  Patriarch  Jlenry  ?^lelchior  Mulvlenherg,  and  the 
families  are  few  indeed  which  contain  a  longer  list  of  illustrious 
descendants  than  can  he  counted  among  those  who  have  sprung 
from  his  loins. 

His  third  child,  and  second  son,  Frederick  Augustus  Conrad, 
\\as  horn  at  the  Trappe.  Montgomery  county,  the  parental  home, 
on  January  2,  1750.  in  the  early  morning  just  after  the  first  day 
of  the  new  year  had  come  to  a  close,  dhe  records  of  tlie  old  Au- 
gustus church,  his  father's  charge,  show  that  he  was  haptized  on 
jaiuiar)-  13th,  when  he  was  given  his  name  in  Ikukm-  of  his  father's 
♦"lid  friends.  Dr.  Friedrich  Michael  Ziegenhagen,  Court  Preacher 
at  London,  and  Professor  Cotthilf  Augustus  I*"rancke,  Director  of 
the  Halle  Institution,  and  si^i  of  the  elder  Augustus  tlermami 
IVancke,  througii  w  hose  instrumentality  Henry  Melchior  Muhlen- 
herg  was  sent  to  America,  hoth  of  whom  appear  as  titulary  spon- 
^'•rs  while,  the  hahe's  granclfather,  Conrad  \\  eiser,  acted  as  the 
I'eal  sponsor  and  as  i»roxy  for  the  other  two. 

The  lad  gre\v  u}i  under  the  care  of  his  parents,  hut  the  father 
lully  realizeil  how  meagre  were  the  opportimities  for  education  in 
tiiis  country  at  the  time,  even  in  IMhladelphia,  to  which  place  he 
removed,  widi  lii>  famil\',  in  the  fall  i>f  17O1,  in  response  to  the 
iirgent  call  of  the  <  lermau  Lutheran  congregati(>n  of  that  city. 
Accordingl}',  it  was  resolved  that  Frederick,  w  ith  his  two  hrothers, 
should  he  sent  to  Halle,  and  there  |)repared  im'  their  life  wt)rk  in 
'he  ministr\-  which  it  was  never  douhied  thev  would  follow  to  the 
•■lid. 


Un  April  27.  1763.  the  tlirec  boys— and  boys  they  were  indeed. 
Peter,  the  eldest,  bein,:;-  but  sixteen  years  of  age,  while  Henry,  tb.e 
yoiuigest,  was  only  ten-  embarked  on  the  paeket  ship.  Captain 
rjndden,  at  Philadelidna,  for  London,  which  they  safelv  reached 
on  the  15th  of  June,  and  were  kindly  greeted  and  cared  for  by  Dr. 
Ziegenhagen.  After  a  short  sojourn  there  they  resumed,  their  jour- 
ney for  Halle,  via  Rotterdam,  finally  arriving  at  their  destination 
on  Septeiuber  1st. 

Too  young,  and  not  sufficiently  advanced  for  the  University  it- 
self, they  first  entered  the  preparatory  department.  However, 
with  due  diligence  and  under  the  fostering  care  of  his  god- 
father. Dr.  Francke.  bVederick,  with  his  brother,  Henry,  made 
rapid  progress,  so  mucli  so  that,  m  three  years  tune,  they  had  per- 
fected themselves  in  the  (German,  I,atin.  ( ireek  and  Hebrew 
tongues,  and,  at  the  cud  of  their  course,  extending  over  nearlv 
seven  years,  they  had  become  finished  classical  and  theological 
scholars,  \\ith  a  fair  knowledge  of  instrumental  and  vocal  music. 
Indeed  so  th.^roughly  had  they  applied  themselves  to  their  studies 
that  they  neaily  lost  command  of  the  English  tongue,  and.  so  late 
as  1772,  we  find  Frederick  expressing  his  regret  to  his  father,  in 
a  letter,  tliat  he  could  n()t  master  the  English  language  as  fully  as  ' 
he  desired. 

Hie  first  sorrow  which  came  to  the  young  man  occurred  on  the 
sixth  anniversary  of  his  arrival  at  Halle,  and  was  (Kcasioned  bv 
th^  death,  on  September  2,  lyOq,  of  the  Director.  Gotthilf  August 
Francke.  It  was  then  that  he.  apparently  in  cunection  with  his 
brother,  Henry,  gave  expression  to  his  feelings  by  the  composition 
of  a  poem  upon  the  decease  of  his  friend,  sponso'r  and  benefactor, 
which  was  so  well  receved  by  the  faculty  .)f  the  university  that  it 
was  incorporated  am.Mig  the  ■•Traiin-  und  Trost  Schnftcn  in  the 
Dcnktnal  dcr  Sdiuidi'^cu  Hochaclitung  und  Licbc  to  the  late  G. 
A.  Francke.  This  interesting  poem,  which  is  a  veritable  literarv 
curiosity,  has  been  unearthed  and  printed  by  Julius  F.  Sachse. 
Esq.,  in  most  creditable  pamphlet  form. 

Tn  1770,  the  two  iu-others,  accompanied  by  the  Rev.  John  Chris- 
topher Kun/e,  who  was  so(^n  to  become  their  brother-in-law,  re- 
turned to  tile  land  d  tln-ir  birtli,  and,  on  October  25th  of  tlie  .>;'ame 
year,  Frederick  wa>  ordained  i<,  the  ministry  at  the  meeting'-  of  the 


HOX.  FUEDEUICK  A.  C.  M lllEKS nKHG.  .J3 

Miiiistcriuni  lieM  in  Reading:,  after  passing  a  highly  orcchtahle  ex- 
amination conchicted  in  Latin  hy  tlie  Rev.  J.  L.'  \  uigt. 

'J'he  first  spiritual  work  of  the  young  pastor  was  done  as  the  as- 
sistant of  his  l»rother-in-law.  the  Rev.  Christopher  Emanuel 
Sehulze.  who  had  married  his  sister,  }'"ve  I'lli/.aheth,  on  Septenil)er 
_\^.  1766,  and  was  serving  the  Tulpehoeken  eharge.  We,  of  this 
age  of  eomfort  and  eonvenienees.  ean  hardly  realize  what  the 
godlv  men  of  that  da_\-  were  ealled  upon  to  endure  in  the  perform- 
ance of  their  ordinarx'  duties.  Some  faint  idea  of  their  sacrifices 
inav  l)e  gained  h\'  a  perusal  of  the  account  left  hy  hVederick  of  his 
trip  from  Tulpehocken  to  Shamokin  (Sunhtiry),  in  the  summer 
of  1771,  to  visit  a  little  ilock  of  (icrnian  Lutherans  there  located, 
who  were  without  pastor  or  church.  He  tells  of  his  lonely  ride 
through  the  wilds  of  the  lUue  Mountains,  and  hex'ond,  with  his  one 
companion,  voung  Conrad  \\  eiser,  the  son  of  his  L'ncle  Frederick: 
how  he  passed  Fort  Kenry,  already  in  a  dilapidated  condition,  sur- 
rounded hy  its  many  graves  to  remind  him  of  the  terrihle  events 
which  occurred  fifteen  years  [)efore :  of  the  heautiful  view  wliich 
stretchecl  hefore  him  ironx  the  top  of  the  ridge;  of  the  steep  an<l 
<Iangerous  paths,  in  one  instance  a  mere  shelf  of  the  mountain  hut 
eighteen  inches  wide  :  of  the  fording  of  rivers  and  streams,  and 
of  the  ap[)arently  interminahle  wilderness  filled  with  its  insects 
and  wolves:  of  the  motley  crowd  who  listened  so  intently  to  the 
sermon  which  he  preached  them,  and  how  devotitly  they  sang;  of 
the  sixty  who  partook  of  the  communion  from  the  tahle  which 
stO(xl  on  the  porch  of  the  cahin  and  also  served  as  his  pulpit;  and, 
imally.  of  the  long  journey  back  home  again. 

Shortly  after  his  return  from  Sham()kin  he  was  joined  in  holy 
N\edlock.  on  Octolier  15.  1771,  to  Catharine  Schafer.  daughter  of 
I'Vederick  Schafer.  a  Philadelphia  sugar  refiner  and  member  of  the 
ve>try  of  Zion's  Lutheran  cluu'ch,  whose  acquaintance  he  made 
\^hile  in  that  city.  She  was  born  1750.  and  died  1835,  thus  sur- 
Mving  him  some  thirt}-four  years. 

Xot  only  did  yomig  Middenberg  assist  his  brother-in-law  at  the 
1  uliMjhocken  charge  l)Ut  also  at  SchaefFerstown.  near  Lebanon, 
and  he  seems  to  ha\e  preached  to  Salem  congregati<^n,  of  Lel)anon. 
•'N  early  as  1771.  When  the  trouble  between  that  congregation  and 
'be  Rev.  John  Casi)ar  Si  >e\er  culminated,  at  the  end  of  1772.  he 
became  its  pastor  and  we  finil  him  recorded  as  such  Ma\-  1.  1773. 


54  TJiK  1'H^^^^^YLVA^^lA-v,l■:l:MA^. 

In  t!io  suninu'r  of  1773  tlic  conn^Tci^ation  of  Conocochcai^ue.  in 
Maryland,  in\itc'l  !'"iX'<lcricU',  throui^ii  tlie  LutluTan  Ministeriuni. 
to  l)ei'onic  their  pastor.  l)ut  the  request  was  n()t  granted.  A  cal! 
was  accepted  hy  him,  however,  from  a  (ierman  congregation  in 
New  ^'ork  City,  which  had  secedetl  from  the  old  German 
Trinity  church  ( S(:iiUh\\est  cc^rner  of  J'.roadway  and  Rector 
street)  and  w()rshii)ed  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Frankford  and 
William  streets.  Their  church  was  known  as  Christ  or  Swamp 
church,  and  liad  i)een  dedicated  May  i,  1767.  Here  he  served,  with 
his  usual  faitlifulness  and  activity  and  had  the  honor  of  forming 
the  Xew  Voric  Ministerium  just  as  his  fatlier  had  the  immortal 
honor  oi  forming  a  regular  ministry  in  Pennsylvania.  Mention 
is  made,  in  a  letter  1)\-  ITederick  to  his  father,  of  this  conference, 
which  \vas  ap])ointed  to  meet  in  April,  1774.  Dr.  Kuuze,  hi> 
hrother-indaw.  when  writing.  December  13,  iSoo,  to  Dr.  Knapp. 
of  Halle,  regarding  his  removal  to  Xew  York  in  1784.  says,  "1  re- 
mained in  coimcction  with  the  Ministerium  c>f  Penns\lvania- 
though  I  reorganized  the  Ministerium  (of  Xew  York)  founded 
by  ¥.  A.  Mulilenberg  alread\'  in  1773."  *  *  *  frcmi  which  it 
is  supposed  that  hrederick  .Muhlenberg  removed  to  Xew  York 
early  in  1773,  and  that  the  Conference  of  1774  was  a  second  meet- 
ing of  the  Xew  York  }\linisterium.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Theodore  \\. 
Schmauk,  of  Lel)anon,  however,  has  pauluced  records  of  Saleut 
church  showing  that  lie  must  have  served  as  its  pastor  during  the 
greater  part  of  17;  3,  and  could  not  have  left  until  the  latter  part 
of  the  year,  or  the  beginning  of  the  next.  lie  undoubtedly  be- 
came pastor  at  Xew  York  ahout  the  beginning  of  1774.  organized 
its  Ministerium  in  A[)ril.  as  he  himself  states,  and  Dr.  Kunze  is  in 
error. 

Hardly  had  he  begun  to  realize  the  possibilities  of  success 
which  lay  before  him  in  his  chosen  tield  of  work  when  the  storn^ 
of  war  broke  over  him.  At  once  he  heartily  and  prominentl}-  es- 
poused the  cause  <if  his  c<Hmtr_\-,  while  it  so  happened  that  his  co- 
iaborer.  Rev.  liernard  Michael  HausihI.  jiastor  oi  Trinitv  church. 
became  a  pronounced  Tory.  The  evil  da\  of  the  latter  came  after 
the  city  was  evacuated  1)y  the  P.ritish,  l)ut.  in  the  meantime  it  be- 
came nec<\ssary  for  Vr.  .\[uhlenl)erg  to  seek  a  place  of  safetv  fi>r 
himself  and  his  famii}-  wlicn  it  became  aj^parent  tliat  the  cnem\" 
c  'Utemplated  .>ebnng   the  place.      Accor^lingl)-,    in   May,    177O,   he 


JlOy.   F};EDEl:irK  A.  C.  MIJILKMn.RG.  55 

sent  his  wile  to  her  parents,  where  tlieir  third  ohiM  was  horn, 
where,  after  hidcHnt^''  liis  tlock  a  rehictant  farewell,  he  followed, 
on  July  Jiid.  two  days  hefore  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
earryini;'  with  him  the  ])rayer  of  his  cons^regation  that  he  would  re- 
turn to  them  when  the  storm  had  blown  over. 

I'Vom  rhiladclj)hia  he  removed  to  the  home  of  his  aged  parents 
at  the  Trappe.  where  he  arrived  Angust  i(j,  and  where,  on  Au- 
gust 23,  he  preached  a  ])arting  sermon  to  Capt.  Richards"  com- 
pany, recruited  in  Xew  Ijanover,  on  the  text,  "Be  not  ye  afraid 
of  them;  remember  the  L(^rd,  which  is  great  and  terril^le,  and 
fight  for  your  brethren.  }our  sons,  and  your  daughters,  your 
wives,  and  }-our  houses."  (  Xehemiah  iv:i4).  During  1777  he 
again  removed,  to  the  neighboring  Xew  Hanover  (also  called 
Falkner's  Swani]) )  where  he  took  charge  of  the  Lutheran  church 
ar.Jl  also  served  the  congregations  of  ( )Ie}-,  Xew  Goshenhoppen,  as 
well  as  that  at  Reading,  until  the  latter  church  was  occiipied  for 
hospital  purposes. 

It  was  a  dark  time  for  the  infant  Republic,  and  one  full  of  anx- 
iety to  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  With  the  defeat  at  I'>rand\\vine 
came  the  hostile  occupation  of  Philadelphia,  the  wanton  destruc- 
tion of  his  father-in-law's  property  l)y  the  r.ritish,  and  the  flight  of 
Mr.  Schafer.  with  his  family,  to  the  country.  PVederick's  small 
house  was  overrun  with  fugitives,  containing  at  one  time  eleven 
persons,  including  himself  and  wife,  three  children,  maid  and 
nurse,  his  brother's  wife  and  child,  with  his  sister,  Mrs.  Swaine, 
and  her  husband. 

The  unsettled  c(jndition  of  the  country,  filled  with  military 
camps,  made  ministerial  work  of  but  little  avail,  and  before  b^'ed- 
crick  Muhlenberg  entered  his  thirtieth  year,  he  sat  himself  down 
to  seriouslv  consider  whether  his  life  vocation  should  not  be  given 
a  diti'frent  turn,  to  prevent  failure.  Most  likely  the  close  pntx- 
imity  of  his  successful  military  brother.  General  Peter  Muhlen- 
iKTg,  whose  camp  at  \'alley  Forge  he  frequently  visited,  had 
much  to  do  in  shaping  his  decision.  Pbj  was  anxious  to  serve  his 
countr}-  more  activel\".  Then,  t(V).  his  father-in-law.  and  other 
friends,  gave  him  encouragement  to  seek  public  ottice.  The  de- 
cision was  reached  gradually,  and  the  change  did  n(U  come  at  once, 
hut.  d':>pite  his  fatlierV-  counsel  and  wi-hes,  he  tinally  made  up  his 
mind  to  abandon  the  ministr\-  and  to  accept  the  candidac\'  ottered 


5o 


THE  PK\ysYI.]-AMj-c;j:i:Mjy_ 


fiini  as  niernlxT  t(.  Lon-iess.  The  Asseinhly  of  IVniisvIvania  had 
tlirce  vacancies  U)  fill  and  elected,  on  March  2,  1779,  Frederick 
An^nstus  Muhlenberg.  Henry  WynkcK.])  and  J.  McCleane.  The 
term  of  the  whole  delegation  expiring  in  the  "same  vear,  in  Xo- 
vember  he  was  again  elected  for  the  full  term,  and  took  his  seat 
on  the  thirteenth  ot  the  same  month. 

^  From  that  time  his  successful  and  honorable  career  u[)\vard  con- 
tinued without  intermission.  As  he  had  served  his  ("rod  faithfully 
in  the  past  so  he  now  served  his  country. 

(-)n  March  31,  1779.  it  was  resolved  by  Congress  to  print  its 
journal  more  fre.iuently.  and  to  improve  the  records  generally. 
iMuhlenberg  was  added  to  the  committee  appointed  to  superintend 
the  publication  of  the  journal,  which  was  probably  his  first  public 
duty.  Immediately  upon  resun.iing  his  seat,  on  November  13th, 
lie  was  put  on  the  Committee  on  the  Treasury,  showing  tlie  ap- 
preciation in  which  he  must  have  been  held  by'his  colleagues.  His 
appointment  as  chairman  of  the  medical  committee  virtually  made 
hull  Direclor-Ceneral  of  the  military  hospitals.  It  is  to  be  re- 
gretted that  space  forbids  the  giving  of  even  parts  of  his  letters  to 
his  brother,  Henry,  which  are  filled  with  an  in.teresting  discussion 
of  the  events  of  the  time  and  the  doings  of  Congress." 

A\hile  still  a  member  of  the  National  House  of  Representatives 
he  was  elected.  October  10,  1780.  a  member  of  the  Cieneral  As- 
sembly of  Pennsylvania,  and.  at  the  opening  session  of  the  same, 
November  3.  1780,  chosen  as  its  Speaker.^  To  this  responsible 
position  he  was  called  by  the  two  succeeding  Assem!)lies.  on  No- 
vember 9.  ;78i  and  October  31.  1782.  I'.eforJ  his  last  term'  had  ex- 
pired he  was  elected  into  the  Hoard  of  Censors,  which  was  a  sort 
of  grand  jury  to  sit  in  judgment  over  all  the  matters  pertaining  to 
the  government  of  the  Commonwealth.  Their  sessions  lasted  from 
November  10.  1783  to  September  25.  1784.  As  a  proof  of  the  es- 
teem m  which  Muhlenberg  was  held  we  t^nd  that  he  was  at  once 
called  upon  to  act  as  the  presiding  officer  of  the  I'.oartl.  Their  work 
was  to  determine  the  expediency  of  calling  a  convention  to 
change  the  Constitution  of  Pennsylvania,  on  equal  representation, 
etc.  The  result  of  their  l.Mig  and  wearisome  sittings  was  merely 
a  disagreement,  fnllowed  bv  no  action  at  all.  much  to  the  disgust 
and  discouragement  of  tlieir  chairman. 

r>y  this  time  a  lonomnr  .^-ems  to  have  come  over  Muhlenber'r  to 


IIOX.   I'UEDF.UICK  A.  C.  M  I  11 LES UtCRG.  57- 

return  to  the  (juict  of  his  lioyhood  homo  and  to  get  away  from  the 
turmoil  oi  puhlie  service.  He  declined  a  re-election  to  the  As- 
seml)]\',  he  even  declined,  in  17S3.  a  call  sent  lum  to  return  to  the 
acti\e  ministry  and  serve  the  Lutheran  congregation  at  Ehcnezer. 
near  Savannah.  Clcorgia,  whose  pulj)it  had  heen  vacated  hy  the 
<leath  of  Ivev.  Christian  Rahenliorst.  lie  wanted  to  settle  down, 
surrounded  In"  those  he  loved,  at  the  IVapjic.  where  his  leisure 
moments  could  l>e  spent  in  caring  for  the  farm,  his  garden  and  his 
store,  in  which  business  interest  he  embarked  in  i7<Si.  ()\\  March 
19,  1784,  he  was  commissioned  a  Justice  of  the  l^'eace  for  the  dis- 
trict, serving  until  January  14,  1789.  I'pon  the  formation  of 
.Montgomery  comity,  in  the  fall  of  1784,  the  Assembly  api)ointed 
him  Register  of  Wills  and  Recorder  oi  Deeds,  September  21,  1784. 
He  presided  at  the  first  cr)urt  held  in  the  county,  on   Septeml)er 

2>^,    1784. 

Thus  passed  several  }ears,  for  him  ([uiet  and  uneventful.  In 
the  meantime,  however,  great  changes  were  taking  place  in  the 
])olitical  affairs  of  the  nation.  It  had  become  necessary  to  replace 
the  Articles  of  Confederation,  no  longer  sufficient,  by  the  Consti- 
tution, and  this  paper  Congress  was  now  presenting  to  the  several 
States  for  ratification,  \\dien  I""rederick  A.ugustus  Muhlenberg 
was  elected  a  <lelegate  to  the  Convention  which  Pemisylvania 
called  for  this  purpose,  he  knew  he  could  not  decline.  The  Con- 
\ention  met  at  Philadelphia.  September  21,  1787.  and  its  first  busi- 
ness was  the  election  of  a  presiding  officer.  C)f  sixty  votes  cast 
^iuhlenberg  recei\ed  thirty.  Judge  McKean  twenty-nine,  and  Mr. 
IJray  one.  The  question  w  hether  one-half  of  the  votes  constituted 
a  majority  was  waived  by  the  adoption  of  a  resolution  io  conduct 
Muhlenberg  ti)  the  chair.  Both  he  and  his  brother.  Peter,  then 
\  ice  President  of  Pennsylvania,  exerted  themselves  earnestly  in 
behalf  of  ratification.  The  Constitution  having  been  accepted 
Pennsylvania  became  entitled  to  eight  representatives.  Among 
■those  elected  by  a  goodly  majority  were  the  two  breathers,  Fred- 
crick  on  the  so-called  Anti-Federal  ticket,  and  IV'ter  on  the  b>deral 
ticket. 

riiere  being  no  quorum  present  on  March  4.  1789.  the  day  set 
t'T  the  meeting  of  Congress  in  New  York,  it  was  not  until  April 
1  >t  that  an  organi;'ation  was  effected,  when,  such  was  the  prestige 
••'I  Muhlenberg's  name,  he  was  cho.-^eu  as  its  presiding  officer,  and 


5S  TiiK  Pi':y\syj.]\i\jA-(!i:];.yA.\. 

Frederick  Aut;ustu.s  Muhlenberi;  became  Speaker  of  the  first 
House  of  l^epresenlatives  of  the  lulled  States.  The  fugitive  had 
come  back  to  his  people  of  Xew  York,  not  as  tlieir  l)eloved  pastor, 
but  as  the  patriot  justly  honored  by  his  nation. 

He  was  also  a  member  of  tlie  House  of  the  Second,  Third  and' 
Fourth  C'oni.,^resses.  beini;  again  elected  Speaker  in  the  Third  Con- 
gress, this  time  on  the  Anti-l'ederal  or  Democratic  ticket  (then 
called  I\e[)ul)licans ).  In  this  term  }iluhlenberg  strenuously  op- 
posed the  excise  tax  c»f  two  cents  per  pound  on  sugar  refined  in 
tile  United  States,  but  in  ^ain. 

In  the  Fourth  Congress  Jay's  treaty  occupied  a  prominent  place. 
The  Senate  ratified  it  on  June  24,  1795,  and  it  received  the  Presi- 
dent's approval.  The  resolutic)n  in  the  House,  granting  an  ap- 
projjriation  for  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  the  treaty,  called 
forth  an  animated  discussi(,)n  and  brought  to  the  surface  much  op- 
position. The  House,  feeling  that  their  rights,  as  the  direct  rep- 
resentatives of  the  people  had  been  ignored,  requested  the  Presi- 
dent to  furnish  them  with  all  correspondence  bearing  on  tlie 
treaty,  which  he  declined  to  tlo  claiming  that  the  House  had  noth- 
ing to  do  with  the  conclusi<3n  of  treaties.  Tlus  news  was  handed" 
over  to  the  Committee  of  the  Whole,  of  which  Muhlenberg  was- 
chairman.  After  a  long  and  stormy  debate  the  vote  was  taken 
April  29,  1796,  on  the  resolution  granting  an  appropriation.  There 
being  forty-nine  votes  for  and  as  many  against  it,  upon  Muhlen- 
berg devolved  the  deciding  vote.  Though  not  entirely  satisfied 
with  the  paper  he  voted  in  favor  of  it.  thus  preventing  what  might 
have  proven  to  l)e  serious  complications.  The  question  then  com- 
ing before  the  Ihjuse  itself  was  adopted  by  a  vote  of  fifty-one 
against  f(Mt}-eight. 

With  the  adjo'jrnment  of  the  b'ourth  Congress  ended  his  active 
political  life.  In  the  autumn  of  the  year  1791)  he  was  appoiiUed 
by  Crovernor  Mifflin,  and  continued  by  the  recently  elected  gov- 
ernor, Thoiuas  Mckean,  to  the  place  of  Collector-! ieneral  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Land  <  )fl'ice.  made  vacant  by  the  removal  of  the  in- 
cumbent for  malfeasance.  He  removed  to  Lancaster,  which,  in 
1791),  luul  become  the  >eat  of  the  State  govermuent.  Here  he 
doubtless  l(H)ked  forward,  with  great  hap[)ine>s.  ti^  the  ci>m[KuiiiMi- 
ship  of  his  ])eli>ved  brother,  llenr\'.  but.  while  \  et  in  the  [jrime  of 
his  life,  death  endedi  his  earthh  career  of  great  usefulness  on  fune 


IIOX.  FI;KDKI!IVK  a.  C.  MVIILKXHEIIG. 


5t> 


5.  t8oi.     His  remains  lie  Iniried  in  llio  graveyard  of  Trinity  Lu- 
tlicran  clunch  of  Lancasler,  I'a. 

(The  Muhlenberg-  burial  plot  is  in  Woodward  Hill  Cemetery, 
once  the  properly  of  Trinity  Lutheran  church.  Here  in  full  view 
of  the  windiii,<;-  Conestoga.  close  by  tlie  resting-  place  of  1 'resident 
James  I'.uchanan.  in  the  shadow  of  the  quaint  steep-roofed  chapel, 
rest  the  Muhlenberg  brothers.  Frederick  Augustus  and  Henry 
I'>nest,  with  whose  dust  has  mingled  that  of  other  celebrated 
scions  of  this  stock  of  later  generations.  The  Rev.  John  \\  .  Rich- 
ards, of  Lancaster.  Pa.,  has  kindly  furnished  us  the  following- 
transcript  of  the  epitaph,  engraven  on  a  large  Hat  stone  that  covers- 
the  grave  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch. — Editor.)  : 


S.\CRKD    TO   THE    MEMORY    OF 

Frederick  .\ugl-stus  MciiLE.NBERr. 
who    was    born   on    the 

1st    OF    J.\NU.\RV, 

1750 

and  departed  this  life  on  the 

5th    D.W   OF   JL'NE, 

1801. 

Aged  51  Ve.^r?,  5  Months 

.\N1)    5    D.^YS. 

Ruht  Sonft,   Schlaft   woh!  in  eurer  Grufft, 
Bis  euch  einst  Jesus  wieder  rutt. 


The  activity  and  worth  of  Frederick  Muhlenberg  was  not  only 
dispkued  in  the  halls  of  legislature,  but  in  other  walks  of  life. 

■He  served  the  I'uiversity  of  rennsxlvania  as  trtistee  froni  1779- 
till  1786.  The  Rev.  John  Christian  Hardwich  (Hartwig)  ap- 
pointed him,  1)}-  his  will,  trustee  and  president  of  a  societ\-  for  the 
propagation  of  the  Cosriel,  to  be  founded  according  to  the  provis- 
ions of  the  will,  a  charge  which  his  death  prevented  him  from  car- 
rying out.  The  ILirtwick  Seminary  of  Xew  York,  theological 
and  classical,  the  result  of  thoe  pro\-isi(>ns,  exists  to  this  day.  The 
<  lernian  Societv  of  I'ennsyhania,  of  which  he  became  a  member  in 
1778,  elected  him  their  ['resident  in  1789,  and  ag-ain  in  the  years- 


60'  rUE   PES  S  SY  I.\\[S  J  AG  El!  M  A  S .  I 

following-  till  1797.  when  his  removal  from  the  city  obliged  him  to  ' 

decline  a  renomination.  I 

No   greater    encomium    on    the    work   of    Frederick    Augustus  ' 

]\luhlenl)erg,  and  his  brother.  I'cter,  can  he  pronounced,  especially 
in  exemplitication  of  the  ]jo\ver  which  tliey  wielded,  than  hy  (juot- 
ing-  the  \vords  of  John  Adams  who  queridinisly  says:  "These  two 
Hermans.  A\ho  had  been  long-  in  public  affairs  and  in  high  offices, 
were  the  great  leaders  and  oracles  ^^i  the  whole  German  interest  ■ 

in  Pennsylvania  and  the  neighboring  States     *     *     *     The  Muh-  ' 

leubcrg-s  turned  the  w  hole  body  of  the  ( lermans.  great  mnnbers  of 
the  Irish,  and  manv  of  the  l^nglish,  and  in  this  manner  introduced 
the  t(^tal  change  that  followed  in  l)oth  Houses  of  the  Legislature.  ' 

and  in  all  the  executive  departments  of  the  national  government. 
Upon  such  slender  threads  tlid  our  elections  then  depend.'' 

The  children  of  Frederick  Aug^ustus  Conrad  Muhlenberg-,  and 
his  wife   Catharine  Schafer.  were:  -^ 

s 

1.  Henry  William  Muhlenberg,  b.   1772:  d.   1805;  m.  July  30,  ; 
1795.  ]\rary  Catharine  Sheaff.                                                                                     \ 

Their  oldest  child  was  the  Rev.  William  Aug-ustus  !\[uhlenberg,  \ 

D.D.  i 

2.  Mary  Catharine  Muhlenberg,  b.  IMay  29.  1774:  d.  Xov.  2^.  \ 
1846;  m.  John  Hiester   (his  second  wife),  the  only  son  of  Gov- 
ernor Joseph  Hiester.  b.  July  2S,  ^77-\'-  ^-  ^larch  7.  1849.  \ 

3.  F^lizabeth  Muhlenberg,  m.  April  24,   1794,  John  Mifflin  Ir- 
win, son  of  ^Matthias  Irwin  and  Esther  Mitffin.  ' 

4.  Margaret  ^Muhlenberg,  b.  1778;  d.  1874;  m.  Xov.  ly,  1794. 
Jacob  Sperry,  b.  1773,  d.  1830. 

5.  Anne  Catharine  Muhlenberg,  b.   1781:  d.   1865:  m.  George 
Sheaff',  b.  1779:  d.  1851. 

6.  I'^rederick  Muhlenberg,  single. 

7.  John  Peter  David  Mulilenberg.  b.  1785;  d.  1849:  m.  Rachel 
Evans,  b.  1790;  d.  1848. 

I  am  indebted  tei  (Jswald  Seidensticker  for  extracts  u>ed  in  this 
sketch. 


FAHSNACHT. 

BV    REV.   A.    C.    WUfllTKR. 

\\  OS  war's  docli  ols  cii  luscht  s^'west 

W'on's  g'hehsa  hut  die  Fahsnacht  kuinmt; 
M'r  hut  sich  g'freht  schun  woclia  long, 

G'piffa,  g'■^un,i^a  un  g'junipt. 
Die  Mouiniy  hut  cm  lengscht  g'drillt; 

■■Now,  buhwa,  schoftt  'n  oyer  bei, 
Wen's  Fahsnacht  Kucha  ge\  va  ?oll. 

Doll  niissa  lots  tun  oyer  nci." 

Xoh  is  ni'r  noch  dcr  scheier  ob, 

Uft's  schtroh  un  hoi,  uff's  welschkornlawb, 
Un  g'sucht  ebs  aryets  oyer  hct — 

^^r  war  gons  tzu  mit  gtrchs  un  schtawb. 
Un  wom'r  noh  ehns  g'funna  hut, 

Wos  hut  ni'r  g'scherrt  ler  noch'm  hous. 
'■Doh,  Mommy,  is  ehns,  nemmt's  noch  meh?" 

'■Yah.  buhwa,  schimscht  gebt's  sure  nix  drotis. 

Sel  war  g'nunk,  der  schtaat  war  oil, 

^^r  hut  sich  recht  g'druwelt  noh; 
Hut's  hissel  draus  g'goxt  am  schtoll 

Wos  is  m'r  ob  un  war  so  froh. 
Was  hut  m'r  net  die  hahna  g'schprengt. 

Die  hinkel  wiescht  ferschulta  ols. 
Un  g'fiedert  bis  sie  krep  hen  g'hot, 

Gons  nehwa  drous.  so  schep  om  hols. 

Het's  hinkelfieh  so'n  eifer  g'hot 

Wie  unserehns  ols  g'hotta  hut, 
S'het  oyer  g'hot   im  ivverfluss 

Os  wie   l)ei'm   Pharoh  lous  un  grut. 
So  geht's  em  e\  va  heit  ols  noch. 

Won  ebbes  recht  om  hertz  em  leit, 
Doch  is's  wie's   olt  schprichwort  sawgt: 

■'En  gutie  soch  nemmt  immer  tzeit." 

Won  ols  der  dawg  boll  kumma  is, 
Xoh  hut  em  yehders  noch  g'tzerrt; 

"Ich  wunner  wer  die  Faii^nacht  gebt. 

Wen's  dreft't  der  wert  in's  seu'oss  g'schperrt." 


61 


THK  ri-:xysyLJA.\iA-Gi:j:MA.\ , 


Oil'r  hut  sich  ovvcr  ols  <^'uclirt. 

Un's  war  cm  doch  st.  liolwcr  hoiig-, 

M'r  wacr  fcrlciclil  <Kt  Ict.-cht  ini  l>ctt 

Noh  nii^st  ni"r'i  hdira  woclia  long. 

W  OS  Init  in'r  g'^clierrt  i\r  inoryets  rous. 
So  doss  m'r  not  die  Falisnacht  wacr; 
Der  ^loniiny  war  mohl's  ruhfa  g'schpaart, 

So  frieh  war's  bett  scluin  l(Mig  net  lelir. 
Xoh  hut  m'r  iwcr  die  g'locht 

Wuh  nix  g'duh  lien  wie  g't^icrrt, 
"Doh  kumnit  die   Fahsnacht  liinna  noh, 

Now  wert  sie  daicii  in's  seifoss  g'schperrt. 

V\"on's  breklescht  mohl  i'erivver  war 

Ln  oil  die  aruet  ous'ni  waig. 
Noll  hut  die   Mummy  s'liocklmard  gricht 

Un  holt'n  grohser  womba  daig 
Un  Icgt'ii  druft"  un  drickt'n  rum 

Un  rollt'n  in  so  >eliei\a  (jus. 
Noh  hut  sie's  redd'!  hortich  grielit 

Un  schneit  die  sclienscliia  kuclia  rous. 

Bis  olles  noh  recht  gonga  war 

Dert  hinner'm  utYa  utT  der  kischt. 
War's  fcti  om  koclia  in  der  pon. — 

M'r  hut  sich's  nuuil  sehun  obg'wi>cht. 
Dert  hut  sie  noh  die  kucha  nei. 

Die  sin  dert  g'schwunima  wie  die  gens, 
Wos  hen  sie  schehna  bocka  gnclit. 

Gons  dunkelbrau  mit  gchla  krens! 

Sie  wara  seheh,  sie  wara  gute, 

Wos  hut's  em  obbedit  gemoelu 
Sie  yuseht  tzu  sehna  utT'm  di--cli 

Der  bunch  der  hut  em  recht  g'locht. 
Of  course,  die  Mummy  hut's  g'wi-st 

Wie  hungrich  os  so  bulnva  sin, 
Wos  init  sie  grulisa- schissja  g'liot. 

Un  kucha  os  wie  Imischteck  driu. 

Geh  week  niit  denna  "fancy  cakes" 

Mit  biss'l  roluler  tzucker  drutf. 
Mit  "ruflle-tarts"  un  ■■bumhlejacks" — — 

So  schtutVt  set  oil  der  schuiischteh  nutT. 
Des  schi  'ckerwehsa  is  nix  waert. 

Doh  i>  nix  drin  I'un  krait  un  sait. 
Des  but  m.ilil  nix  nn  helit  net  meli. 

Os  won  der  beniiv  sditeht  un  IdutTt. 


Gilbert,  Fa. 


TOE'lIC  GE.yS.  63 

Wos  huhwa  war  in  sel'ra  tzeit 

Is  Iciujsclit  scliun  <>v\a  nous  fun  lielini. 
Sio  hen  sicli  sclichna  \vt.-i\  er  grickt. 

Wos  iicnmit's  so  grohsa  picture  frame! 
Doch  won's  aniolil  ou's  bocka  gelit. 

Do  tzicg  ich  doch  die  Mommy  rous, 
Sie  hut's  net  goiis  so   fancy  g'hot, 

S'war  ovser'n  gulie  koch  ini  hous. 

Die  frail  is  glei  ol-  uvva(h-Mus 

Won  icli  fnni  kocha  cbbes  sawg. — 
'"S'waer'n  dummie  notion,  scl  waer  oil,  s 

Die  kocherei  waer  heittzudawg 
Yuscht  grawd  so  gute  uie  sellaniohls, 

Dcr  druv\el  waer  yuscht  mit  'm  mc)ul, 
Der  gumma  waer  em  biss'l  hart — 

r.ti  hutcliel  uaer  ken  olter  goul." 

S'maug  ?ei  wie's  will,  sis  net  wie's  war, 

Ihr  olta  kerls  ihr  wesst"s  tzu  gute; 
So  dings  fergcsst  sich  net  so  leicht, 

So  ebbes  drawgt  m'r  net  ini  hute. 
Ach!  wom'r  olsamohl  drah  denkl. 

Wie's  war  in  seina  yunga  yohr. 
M'r  gaebt  der  beschta  goul  ini  schtoll 

For'n  woch  wie  sellaniohls,  net  wohr? 

DER  ALT  KERCHOF. 

BY  LOUISE  .\.  W  EITZEL. 

F.s  shteht  en  Stiidtle  ul  em  Berg 

Mit  Haiiser  weis  wie  Sclince; 
Un  wann  's  ah  dick  bevolkert  is, 

Ke  Mensche  kann  mer  seh. 

Die  Ilaiiser  henn  all    griine  Hot 

Mit  Sch('ine   Bknne  drei; 
Ich  wcs  net  wer  sie  temie  dut, 

Ke  Mensche  sinn  dabei. 

Die  Haiiser  henn  ah   Xahme  druf 

Fun  lauter  dodte  I.eut 
Dal  ware  reich  un  gros  geehrt 

Jetz'  werre  sie  net  beneidt. 

'S  Gras  wachst  iwer  die  Dacher  nans, 

Doch  n  aht  cs  Xiemand  ab; 
Un  mancher  Xahme  i^  bedcckt 

Fim  grunem  .Moos  un  Lai). 


01 


TiiK  Fh., ysYLiAX J agi:j;m JS . 


Die  P'eggcl  singe  iif  de  Bauni, 
Die  Feldniaus  baut  im  Gras, 

Un  ebinols  slipringt  ah  hie  un  doh 
A  glener  groher  Haas. 

Es  ruht  sich  gut  in  seller  Slitadt, 
Der  shlot  is  dief  un  lang; 

Ei  weckt  nix  as  die  letsln  Posaun 
Un  siisser  Engelg'sang. 


DER  KERCHEGANG  IN  ALTER         CHURCH-GOING    IN    THE   OLDEN 

TIME. 
(Tran^lated    by    H.    A.    S.) 


ZEIT. 

BY    DR.     HENRV     IIAKKAUGH. 


Es  dliut  ccni  gans  vun  Herze  leed, 
Wann  m'r  an's  Alte  denkt; 

Nau  geht  fascht  alles  iwerzwerg. 

In    Land    un    Stadt.    in    Ilaus    un 
Kerch — 
M"r   hchk   sich  reclU   gekrenkt. 

Dcnk    jusclu     enidl     an's     Kerclie- 
Geh"! 
Wie  war's  in  alter  Zeit^ 
Darch       Hitz      un       Kelt'.      darch 

Schtaab  un   Schnee. 
Is  AUes  gauge,  Gross  un  Klee', 
Bei  reich  un  arme   I.eit. 


M'r  is  net  jehtig  nei'  gerennt. 

Gekleppert  niit  de  Scluih: 
Schee'  is  m'r  gauge,  sacht  un  bleed 
Im  Schtuhl  sich  leis  in  Hut  gebet — 

Sell  wert  nau  net  gedhul 


Ill's  Lied  hot  Alles  ei'geschtimmt — 
Sell   Singe  war  en  Freed! 

Nau  dhut  fascht  Xiemand's  ^faul 
meh  uf — 

Zum  Singe  gehn  die  Bordkerch  niu' 
Paar   Buwe  un  paar   Mad  I 

Mit  Demuth  hut  m'r  zugehorcht 

Was  ah  der  Parre  sagt; 
Nau  sitzt   m'r  schtolz.  wie  Dsluiry- 

mann. 
Gukt  wie  der  Mann  doch  schwetze 
kann! 
L^n   wie  er  sich   betmortl 


Die  altc  Wohrliet  hot  m'r 
Un   selwer  angewennt: 


liebt, 


Deep  sorrow  fills  my  heart,  when  I 

Recall  the  times  oi  old; 
Now    everything   is    up-ide   down 
At    home,    in    church,    country   and 
town : 

'Tis  mournful   to  behold. 

Just  think  for  once  how  they  would 
SO 
To  church  in  days  of  yore: 
Through    heat    and    cold,     through 

dust  and  snow 
They   all   would  go,   both   high   and 
low, 
Young,  aged,  rich  and  poor. 

Not  then  witli  clattering  haste  and 
din 
They    into    church    would    run. 
With     niodest    mien    they    entered 

there, 
Then  bowed  awhile  in  silent  prayer. 
Say,  where  is  that  now  done; 

In  singing  all  would  take  their  part 
And   sing   with  spirit,   t'lo. 

Now  you  don't  sing;  for  don't  you 
see 

The  choir  there  on  the  gallery 
\\'ill  do  all  that  for  you? 

They     listened     to     the     preaciier's 
words 
With   true  humility. 
Now  lik'e   a   juryman  you  sit 
To   judge    the    speaker's    skill    and 
wit. 
Admire  his  fluency. 

Tluy   loved   to   hear   and   practiced, 
too. 
Old-favhioiied   Bible   truth. 


rOETlC  GEMS. 


65 


Xau    dt-nkt    m'r.    aU    ni'r    schlatrig 

sit/t : 
W'if    di'cii    'kr     Mann    die    Siiider 

schwitzt  I 
Kr  gebt's  'n  juschtomcnt ! 

Vn  wann  m'r  in  der  Sity  wulint. 

Schlit'sst    m'r    sich   an   kee'   (~)rt; 
\\"o    iusclit    'n    ijros^er    Schwetzer 

brilU. 
Do   werd  gf\vi~5  die   Kerch   gefillt, 

Un  unser  eens  is  diirti 

Was  Hutlercil     \va^  Ilutlercil 
Die   Leit  ht-n  leichte    Kepp; 
'S  is  alles  leer — kee'  Soft,  kee'  Salz, 


Xou,  a>  yuu  doling  sit,  yui  iliink: 
■"This     fellow     makes     the     sinners 
shrink ; 
He  shows  ihem  up  in  S'lC'thl" 

And   if  the  city  be  your  limine. 

\ou'll  join   the  cliurcli   UMwhere. 
But    where    sonic    mighty    speaker 

roars, 
The    church     is    crowded:     you    of 
course 
Are  regularly  there. 

W'liat  huddling,  hashing,   iumbling 
this! 
.Vll  things  seem  out  of  place 


'N      Brote     ohnc      G'schmack     un        An  empty  show,  a  worthle-.^  d.ross, 
Schmalz  A  roast  with  neither  salt  nor  sauce, 

'N  schlappiges  Geschlepp!  A  gait  that's  a  disgrace! 


ZEIT  UN  LEUTE  ANNERE   SICH. 


VON    DANIKL. 


'Sis  nimmi   wie'^  for  Alters  war — 

Ich  mehn  in  Kerchesache: 
Die    Welt    un    Kerch    sin    bal    so 
gleich. 

As  wie  mer  sie  kann   mache. 
Mer   sicht    so    bal    ken   unnerschid. 

Die   Kerch-   un   Weltgesinnte. 
Sie  sin  enanner  bal  so  gleich. 

So  gleich  as  wie  zwee  Blinde. 

Dcr  allgemehne  Kerchesin. 

Gar  arrig  is  \erflarwe. 
Es  guckt  zu  Zeite  traurig  aus 

.\ls  -A;ir  er  hall)  erstarwe. 
Net  dass  e^  un^  am  Kifer  fehlt. 

Sell  is  net  was  ich  mehne: 
Der  unbetlcckte   Goitesdienst, 

Des    F'"dle.    W'ahre.    Scheene — 
Der  Kern  des  echte  Chrii^tenthums. 

Dart  i^t's  wu  niir's  verfehle. 
Shand  bringet-  uf  die  Kerchesach. 

Mer  dari  es  net  \erhehle. 

In's  Kerchelewe  <chleicht  sich  ein 

Kn  Gcist  der  \iel  \erder\vet. 
En   is  en  faUcher.   frommer   ^chein. 

Den  Manciier  sich  anweruet. 
Die  Religidu   sic  wert  gebraucht 

.Ms  wie  en   Cloak,  en   Mantel, 
^ler  deckt   damit   sei   unrecht  zu, 

7.\\  treiue   l)ii<er   Hande' 


Mer  baut  oft   Kerche,  ohiK    Geld. 

T,ehnt  noch  dazu.  macht  Schulde. 
Xoh     l;iafe     dann     die     \\'eib>Ieut 
rum — 

Mer  sott  es  net  gedulde — 
In  Stohr  un   Office  gehn   sie  nei. 

Die  ^\la^n^leut  recht  zu  quale. 
L  n   schwatze  glatt  un   zuckerstiss — 

Es  Geld  kann  do  net  fehle. 

Ln   Dehl.  die  treiwe   Kremerei, 

Eun   Hau^  zu  flaus  rumiaafe 
IMit      Xrdidie,      Striimp     un     anner 
G'fres 

Die  Leute  solles  kaafe. 
En   Dehl   die  griege  Ticket-   raus, 

De   .M;inner  anzuhenke 
I  n  iroge  ah  far  anner  Sach. 

Dcs  soHt  mer  ihne  schenke. 

Dann     kumme     Eairs     niit     Candy- 
stands. 

Die  ^liul  duhn  sich  ufdres^e 
Sell  ziegt  das  jungc  \'olk  dann  an. 

Do  gebts  was  Guts  zu  e-se — 
.\ls  PTocklcbeerc.  Strawberry  Cake, 

Oysier-fritters  un  noch   meh. 
.Ml  bissel  karresirt  dabei: 

Wie    wacht's    die    Kerchei^ach    so 
klee! 


6G                                   THE   PES S SYIA  AM A-CKUM  A.\  .  \ 

DIE  GUTA  ALTA  ZEITA.  \ 

UV    S.     DKLOXC.  J 

I 

Mer  hr>rt  b.o  fiel  die  Mensclie  glaga                       dcr   Zcit,"  i 

Un  otters  gar  zu  noniier  sawga.             Die  werii  gala>a  Ijei  da  Leit  ' 

Foil  dein  Wecksel  in  da  Zeita.                In  da  guta  a'ta  Zeita.  | 

Sheer  alles  Xeiies  sute  sie  net.                No     gate     mer     in     die     "Spicken  ; 

Die  alta   W'ayga   ^vor'n   "Korrect,"                        Sluile,"  t 

In  da  guta  aita  Zeita.                               Deiitch  oder  .\nglish  war  die  Rule  \ 

W  ie   mer  best  sicli  konn   bareita.  \ 

Loss  uus  now  die  Musick  stinima,  \ 

Un  in   Deiitch  ties  Liedle  singa,              Der  llauer  hot  sicli  hort  gablog'd  \ 

Fon  da  guta  alta  Zeita.                            Ln      oil      die      krutza      Feii      aw  \ 

Un   ich  will  ciich  bringa   Beweiss                             g'schmok'd.  \ 

Das    die    alta     Leit, — schwartz    un           Dort    hinnich     'm     Oti'a    uf    der  | 

weiss.                                                                 Ki?lit.  I 

Oft   galabt  hen  wie  die   Heida.            Speck.     Zwivvel     supp.     un     Sour-  ) 

krout,  I 

Loss  uns  gah  lufizich  Yore  zurick.        Krunihiera     kocht     incr     mit     der  | 

In's      block      Shule-hous      on     der                        liout.  j 

Creek,                                                   ^^^  ^''•'-^^  gewanelich  uf  der  Lisht.  ; 

In  da  guta  alta  Zeita.  j 

Do  sin  Kumer.  gross  wie  Rinner.          Die  Sens  gadangled  bie  der  Lutzer,  i 

Mit  dem  A.  B,  C  Buch  Prmier.               Kinner  uigazoga  om   Schlutzer.  I 

Des  gcbt  shure  niol  grossa  Leita.            I^os  war  der  guta  alta  Wake.  \ 

Die  Fruchie  all  fon  Hond  ge^ait.  \ 

Ich  niehn  ich  sehn  der  Shulemcster        I'ndie  .\ern  mit  Sichel  abgamaht,  \ 

In  seiner  W'eis'^hcit   (?),  graad  wie            ^''-'  »''Mt  "ifr  ncjch.  "' 'S  is  up-to-  \ 

gester.                     '                                          Date."'                                               ■  i 

Dort  uf  'm  hocha  bittle  Stuhl.  j 

Er  dresht  die  Buwa  uf  der  Bonk             -Mer  is  aw  gonga  Schlitta  faara.  f 

Vust  'a  mol's  dags — d'rum  Gott  sei       Die  .Maed  un  Buwa  ab  zu  paara;  ' 

dank.                                                  '  Do  hot  mer  grossa  sceifa  Geil.  I 

Des  war  sei  "unfalbara"   Rule.            Om  Hals  hen  sie  die  grosse  Bella;  \ 

Furemon  dut  die  Gash.el  knella.  1 

Wos     macht     er     gr<:)ssa     goo-goo            In  fufza  Stunn  geths  fertza  Mile.  \ 

Awga                                                         ^  j 

Mer    muss    still    sei.    darf    aw    nix        Die   \  unga   sin   borrfiisich   g'lotTa.  i 

sawga.                                               Der     Epple     Jack     hen     die     Alte  \ 

Mer  is  yo  in  dcr  hocha  Shule.                               g'soffa,  ' 

Der  P>alter  un  des  Testament.                    In  da  guta  alta  Zeita.  j 

Das  wor  der  .\ufong  un  des   End,          For      Duwack      hen      sie      Stengle  \ 

Wer   die    net    larnt   der   bleibt   en                         g'snu)ked.  i 

Fool.                                                 W'on's  g'stunka  hot — ka  Mench  hot  ; 

g'froked,  \ 

Mer     larnt      aw      noch      "n      bissel           Sie    still,    niei    Manga    kan's    net  [ 

Schrciva.                                                         leidal  I 

Rechelt  bis  zuni  long-di\  ida, 

No  is  mer   gons  gagraduate.  D-n-h.   die  guta  alta   Zeita 

Die     Maed     die     gane     ons     Flox         Hen  fer  dehl   Leit  guta  Seita; 

brecha.  'S   mog  sie   >ah!ia  grad   wer  will! 

Die  Buwa  gane  ons  Flegle  dre-^lia.        leh    hab     yaguckt     bei     Xacht     un 
Was    wi>ra    des    duel      "College"  Daau. 

zeita.  Rum  garubbered,  so  wahr  ich  saag, 

L'h    >ehn     sie    net    darcli     meina. 
Der    "Jugend    I>eund"    un    "Geist  Brill. 


Historical  Pilgrimages  into 

...  Pennsylvania-Germandom 


A  TRIP  OVER  THE  OLD  EASTON  ROAD. 

By  an  AnoiiytiiDus  Cliai>eron. 

\\'c  shall  take  a  ride  over  the   I'aston  Road  in  Berks  county,  startin;? 
it    Penn    Square,    in    the    City   of   Reading;,    and    ending   at    the   \illage   of 


PKOVINCIAL  COURT  HOUSE,  READING. 

Rothrocksville,  which  is  near  the  county  line  Itetween  Berks  and  I,ehigh. 
liefore  we  start,  however,  it  will  be  interesting  to  take  a  glance  at  Penn 
Square,  and  notice  a  i\\v  o;  :lie  old  ;.lace-  lure.  There  are  very  few  cities, 
v.hich  can  hoast  o!  a  >.|iiare  in  the  centre  of  th.e  town,  that  is  a-  large 
and  licautiful  as  Penn  Siiuare.     Alter  Dr.  E.  E.  Higbee,  a  former  Super- 

67 


C'>;  THE   rKNSSYIJ\\MA-aKl!MA.\. 

nitcndeiit  oi  PuMic  Insiructir.n  of  our  C"iinii(in\veallli,  liatl  rciunicd  from 
liis  ]-:uropcan  trip  ■^,,mv  years  aj^u,  he  walked  up  the  S<iuare,  when  sud- 
denly he  exclaimed  that  "they  hoast  df  the  heautiful  streets  of  Florence. 
yet  none  of  them  i^  as  heautiful  as  this  Souare." 

in  the  centre  of  the  Square.  stOM,}  the  Court  House  for  many  years,  and 
market  houses  to  the  ea^t  and  west  of  it.  The  Court  Ftouse  stood  there 
from  1762  to  1S41.  and  the  market  houses  from  17O')  to  1871.  The  remov- 
al of  these  buildings  left  a  lar-e.  wide  opening  between  the  building  lines 
and  makes  the  .Sciuare  magmticent  in  its  dimensidus  and  appearance. 

Not  all  the  land-marks     of  colonial   days.   howe\'er,   ha\e  gnen  wav  to 


I  ?mH,  sr,  )^%^x. 


1.1 


■  if;  WJit- 


TM:i 


:-;<,:ftn *«  •^.-i.'v*'^ x^~'''**'v- *''^ 


'■■An-  ''  •<!§! 


^si^m^Jkiii.^^ 


r:>; 


.'"■-•"'Mi 


m  t   -'■::;■■■■  :i::i^-^  ^   ■  ;   , 


rt-Sfi-V«.'^..i^fj^-(,-;.».:;.j,J.v<j; 


the  ravages  of  time.  Or.  the  north  side  o\  the  scfuare.  a  short  distance  to 
the  west  of  Fifth  street  stands  a  building  erected  in  1763.  which  was  the 
principal  hotel  in  Reading  from  the  time  of  its  erection  until  1814.  since 
when,  it  has  been  occu[.ied  by  the  Farmers"  Bank.  It  is  here-that  General 
Washington  was  entertained,  when  he  was  President  of  the  United  States, 
as  he  passed  through  Reading  on  his  way  towards  Pittsburg  to  quell  the 
whiskey  msurrecti.  ,n.*  It  is  said  that  he  was  greatly  amusetl.  a.^  he  was 
standing  in  front  of  the  hotel,  watching  a  ho.t  of  swallows  soaring  aroun.I 

•Kederiil  inn,  now  Fa!uu,-i>-  lUuik,  is  tlit  swdial  ^Mll!. ling  011  thr  riirlit  in  upper  vieu  of  IVnn 
^'I'l'irt. 


,i^  .^^c 


M'l  4 


-f    1  '- 


'\       ":\ 


-     I    * 


ri-: 


TRINiTY   LUTHERAN  CHURCH,  READING 


TO  THE   rKSySYLlAMA  (■,El:MA^. 

and  ahdvo  tlic  old  cliiniiu;y  oi'  the  Court  House,  and  one  by  one  entering-  it 
as  tlic  sun  was  sinkiuL,-  in  tlie  west -^a  siyht  similar  to  that  which  wo  often 
saw  when  we  were  Ix'ys  living  on  the  tarni.  A  short  distance  on  the  ea^t. 
ol  Fifth  street,  where  the  tloiirishing  hardware  store  oi  Stiehter  t^  Son  is 
tiow  standing,  was  h.)eated  tlie  tra<hng  house  of  Conrad  Weiser,  where  the 
Indians  loved  to  come  to  barter  with  their  friend.  In  the  middle  of  the 
Square,  in  front  of  the  steire  hi:)u<e,  was  a  pumj),  which  manv  citizens 
still  iiviny  do  remendjer.  While  the  puiu])  for  more  than  a  century  serv- 
ed the  citizens  of  Iveading  uith  its  inu'e  and  refreshing  water  yet  it.  too. 
had  to  give  way  to  tlie  onwaid  march  of  time.  Conrad  Weiser  was  in- 
strumental in  having-  the  well  dug  when  Reading  was  only  a  village. 
which  again  demnnstrates  his  far-sightedness  in  having  seen  the  future 
needs  of  the  people. 

As  we  pass  up  I'enn  street,  we  must  take  a  hmk  out  Si.xth  street,  to 
see  the  old  Trinity  Lutheran  cliurch  and  the  First  Reformed  church. 
wiiich  stand  on  chui-ch  lots,  situate  on  Washington  street,  (hmated  by 
the  Peiins  for  chuich  purpose-.  For  a  long  time  the  steeple  of  Trinity 
Lutheran  church,  which  was  erected  in  iS,?,",,  and  is  a  little  over  200  feet 
in  height,  was  the  highest  in  the  State.  .Vlthough  it  has  been  outdone  l)y 
grander  and  higher  steeples,  yet  it  still  has  hosts  of  admirers.  Near  the 
base  of  the  steeple,  lies  buried  Dr.  Bodo  r)tto.  who  was  the  head  surgeon 
of  the  Continental  Army,  during  its  encampment  at  \'alley  Forge.  The 
exact  spot  of  his  gra\e  is  not  now  marked,  because  the  tombstones  were 
recently  removed  to  make  impro\  einents  to  the  church  edifice.  The 
small  ■shaft  that  had  stood  at  his  gra\c  was  removed  to  the  rear  of  the 
graveyard.  It  has  the  following  inscriiition:  "Ur  Bodo  Otto.  Delegate 
to  the  Provincial  Congress,  June  iS.  1776.  Senior  Surgeon  with  his  two 
sons  during  the  Revolutioi-i.  Had  charge  of  Valley  Forge  Encampment. 
Died,  1787,  aged  79  years."  A  short  distance  to  the  north  of  the  grave- 
yard, where  the  Academy  of  Music  now  stands,  was  "Potters  Field,  ' 
where  many  Hessian  soldiers,  who  had  been  captured  at  Trenton,  N.  J., 
and  who  died  in  captivity  at  Reading,  were  buried.  As  the  city  spread 
out,  and  "Potters  Field"  was  annihilated  by  improvements,  the  bones  of 
the  poor  Hessians  were  scattered  as  dust  by  the  winds  from  tlie  four 
corners. 

Wc,  ho\\-e\-er,  must  not  tarry  too  lon,g'  at  these  places  of  historical  in- 
terest, but  must  hurry  on  to  get  beyond  the  city  limits.  Fighth  street. 
before  it  was  built  \\\\  was  the  western  end  of  the  ICaston  R(jad.  which 
is  now  better  knou  n  by  the  peojile  of  Reading,  as  the  "Kutzt(;wn  Road." 
[n  175,^.  a  petitii.Mi  headed  by  Conrad  Weiser.  and  signed  b>-  twenty-nine 
other  inhabitants  of  Berks  and  Northampton  counties,  was  presented  to 
the  Governor  and  Cenuicil  of  Pennsylvania,  alleging  that  there  is  great 
occasion  for  a  road  from  I'.aston  and  Reading,  and  praying  for  an  order 
as  in  their  "wisdom  shall  seem  meet,"  whereupon  Francis  Parvin,  Jacob 
Lesan,  r>eniamin  Lightfoot.  James  I'MKine.  Sebasti.in  Zimmerman  and 
Joseph  Peiir(.-f.  mi  the  ]iai-t  of  r't'rk^.  and  William  Parsons,  Peter  Trex- 
ler,  John  Tre.xler.   TiiiMthy    1  iorsetield.  J<din    bA  erat  and    LudoNsig   Klutz. 


ori'.ii  jni:  <>li>  eastos  uoad.  ti 

on  the   part    of    Xortlianipton,    were    appoiiUcil    viewrrs    to    lay    out    said 
rua<l.     At  tlii-  time  Lclii.^li  ua-  >till  a  part  ul"  Xortliauipt.jn  county. 

Passiiis  out  F.i.^lith  street,  and  lielore  we  reach  tlie  city  limit-:,  uc  can 
sec  Al?ace  church  standing  pn.udly  on  the  first  elevation.  This  is  pos- 
sii.Iy  the  oldest  consecutive  c<mKregation  in  P.erks  county.  It  is  a  Union, 
cliurch.  and  the  exact  time  ot  its  nrj^ani/.ation  is  unknown,  hut  it  is  -^up- 
I„,sed  to  have  been  prior  to  1740.'=  The  present  edifice  is  the  third  church 
building.  ha\ing  been  erected  in  1S50.  To  the  south  and  east  of  the 
oiiurch  i.>  the  burial  ground.  Xo  striking  epitaphs  are  found  here',  such 
as.  f(ir  example,  wa^  found  on  a  tombstone  in  one  of  the  Eastern  States, 
which   reads: 

■■This  lawyer  died:  how  brief  is  life! 

And  with  a  solemn  face, 

The   undertaker  gravely   said, 

'Lie  still  and  tiy  my  case." 


ALSACE  UNION  CHURCH. 


A  short   distance   beyond  the   church  is   Hyde   Park,   which   has  grown 

into  a  considerable  village,  and  is 
now  connected  with  Reading  by  a 
trolley  road.  It,  no  doubt,  as  well 
as  the  other  suburbs,  will  sodu  be 
brought  within  the  city  limits  of 
Reading  and  become  a  part  of  great- 
er Reading.  The  next  place  of  in- 
terest along  our  route  is  Temple 
Station  which  is  five  miles  from  the 
city.  Long  years  ago,  prior  to  the 
days  of  railroads,  wdien  stage  coach  - 
es  were  running  daily  between 
Reading  and  Allentovvn,  via  Kut/,- 
tovvn,  the  hotel  at  this  place  was 
named  by  the  striking  sobriecpiet  of  "Solomon's  Temple,"  which  it  still 
maintain'^.  lUu  when  the  East  Penn  Railroad  had  been  built,  and  the 
station  was  named,  the  word  ■•Soloinon"  was  dropped,  and  the  village  has 
l)een  known  Miice  then,  as  Temple  Station.  Here  we  lind  the  Temple 
furnace,  which  is  one  of  the  largest  in- Eastern  Pennsylvania. 

The  Hall  Way  H.mse  is  our  next  stoi.ping  place.  This  is  an  old  hos- 
telry, being  mid-way  between  Reading  and  Kutztown.  On  the  corner 
i.ppOMte  U,  the  hnt'.l  stan.ls  a  fine  residence,  wdiere  Franklin  Seidel.  "sq., 
cx-county  c.-.mmissioner  of  Berks  county,  resides,  and  where  many  of  his 
friends  are  oft  rovally  entertained.  About  three-quarters  of  a  mile  to  the 
northwest  of  the  hotel  is  the  Maidencreek  Friends'  Meeting  Hou-e. 
which  is  a  plain  old  stone  building,  erected  in  1807.  The  congregation 
was  organized  as  early  as  17,^7.  but  the  pre-ent  property  was  not  secured 
until  1750.  when  Benjamin   Lightlorjt  granted  a  tract  of  about  four  acres. 


"I'his  -t-rtion  v 
iilu'-tol  in  Fi> 


■h. 


;iu(l  l-'ft'iich  llu;,'iicnots.    Services  may  hnve  lif^t  t'or 


'V     \-,i'-'\\    VS.V 


^2f   I     r--.-^'A 


n — I-  * 


'-•^' 

','^' 

■^4 

,??■/-  ; 

!■«..>;,  J 


o}i:k  the  old  kastos  koaik 


73 


t.ii  which  a  iTicctin_L;  limine  wa-;  Iniilt*  The  buihHn 
ndji lining-  arc  in  a  nuich  neglected  conditfdii,  uwin; 
nnniher  of  person^  now  interested  in  tliese  vcneral 
f'riends'   school  h^n.^e  near  by,   in  consecincncc 


and  the  cemetery 

to    the   very    small 

landmarks.      The 

f  its  disuse,   is  also  in  a 


/ 


1^-^t^^ 


3-*^ 

,-*«^ 


^"5-i(« 


X 


•^.. 


<iilai>idated  condition.  The  tear  that  was  expressed  by  the  Quakers  in 
the  early  part  of  the  eiL;hteenth  century,  when  the  Germans  from  the 
Palatinate  came  l)y  the  thou-aiids  to  Pennsylvania,  that  the  Germans 
would  crowd  them  out  o!  existence,  is  here  itractically  effectuated.  The 
I'riends  of  Maidencreek.  as  a  Quaker  coiumunity.  have  become  nearly 
extinct. 

Retracing  our  steps  to  the  h.aston  Road,  although  we  are  still  eight 
miles  from  Kut7t<iwn.  yet,  a-  we  hurry  on,  we  will  soon  see  the  spire  on 
the  Keystone  Normal  Scluiid  looiu  up  in  the  distance.  Passing  through 
Kirbyville.  another  old  hustelry  and  ...-.^.^-^ 

.Moselem's  Corner,  we  soon  get  to 
the  foot  of  Normal  Hill,  and  get  a 
fuU  \iew  of  the  Normal  School 
buildings  which  ha\e  l>r(night  joy 
and  gladness  to  many  a  young  heart 
of  Berks  and  surroumliug  counties. 

The  Keystone  Norma!  School  is 
the  outgrowth  of  the  "'.Maxatawny 
Seminar}-."  Re\ .  J.  Sa^san-ian  Her- 
man had  built  the  beautiful  man-^ion. 
standing  several  squares  west  of  the 
Niirmal  School,  now  occupied  by 
Col.  T.  D.  Fister,  when  he  conceived 
the  idea  that  the  building  was  -suit- 
able tor  a  classical  sclnnil.f  He  se- 
cured the  services  of  Prof.  Henry  R. 
Nicks,  a  graduate  of  Franklin  and 
-Marshall  College,  whc)  opened  a 
scht.oi  in  it  in  the  Fall  of  1859,  and 
tuet   with   phenomenal   success.     The 

tir-t  -indent  who  [iresenied  hini-elf  for  admi->ion  was  Dr.  N.  C.  Schaef- 
ur,  the  present  Superiiuemlent  of  Public  Tn-triu-tion.  a  lad,  then,  of  ten 
lears  of  age.  .\fter  a  few  years  the  school,  known  as  the  "M;ixatawny 
Sen.iinary,"  l)ecame  -o  well  e>tal)lished,  that  it  was  thought  l.e-t  to  erect 
a  buildii;g-  of  it-  own.  and.  in  consequence  of  it  the  citizens  of  Kutzti'wn 
ind  its  \-icinit\  joined  heartily  in  the  mo\ement.  The  eastern  wing  of  the 
'Id  Normal  Scl'.ool  bmlding  was,  then,  erected,  and  was  ready  for  occu- 
pancy in  the  I'all  of  iS.'iq.  I).  Nicholas  Schaefier.  F>(i..  a  member  of  the 
lirrks  count}-  I'.ar.  and  brother  of  Dr.  N.  C.  Schaeffer,  was  the  first  stu- 
dent  when    sch'xil   o]ieneil    on    the   present    site   of   the    Keyst(Mie    Normal 

■  W'hat  a  i-niimiiiiLiliu'-r  '  'f  ii;uiiiu;il;   ir-  ainoiisj  tin-  lir-^t  -.I'lMrr-  of  tlii-  part  of  I'.fik-:    \\-c  timl 
I'.ii'itin.--.  svs.-.l.-^.  1-  i.-iH-li.  U  .•l-li  aihl  Kn-li-ili  (jiiakri-  >i.|.'  Ii\  sidr. 
Ill  th  -  ro-ia.  IK  ,-  ll.irao-  Oi'-  I',  wa 


\ 


V 


DR.  N,  C.  SCHAEFFER. 


I'laiiiiil   liui  inu   hi-    I'l  >'-i'li 


lal  ('aiii|>aiL 


III  I- 


* 


rf<w 


.^'-^:  ;-?t 


i^ppfi^^>^ 


s^' 


*^- 


...  •  t 


■  ..X«-t5.nI-.^(**-B^U*s,  J;  "     ^^ 


:^,\^:^~i:r^-y-^\  %:_ 


"4\    ■?■' 


'*  r 


^i-^-ilV 


^r-^ji  '^ 


\  \.\ 


.1  M 


^-^   >.  ^^ 


«  ■ 
-I. 


ui'i:i:  Tilt:  oi.v  K.isrox  no.ii).  To- 

\  Scliool.  StiuU-nts  llockcd  to  this  schciul  irmn  all  [lart^  of  the  surrouiid- 
injr  country,  and  the  Iniilding  soon  bccaniv  much  o\ercro\vded.  Many 
students  were  compelled  lor  want  of  room  to  find  boarchng"  places  in  the 
town.  The  authorities  (jf  the  school  were  so  much  encouraged  that  a 
movement  was  inaugurated  to  enlarge  the  school  into  a  State  Normal 
School.  A  sul)scriiiti(jn  list  was  opened,  and  ]^eop!e  were  invited  to  sub- 
scribe for  stock.  Solomon  Chri>t,  the  grandfather  of  Dr.  X.  C.  Schaef- 
fer.  was  appoint(_d  a  committee  to  circulate  the  sul>scriptiiin  list,  and  to 
his  effort  it  is  at  lLa>t  partly  due.  that  the  people  of  Kutztown  and  its 
vicinity  raised  in  the  neighborhood  of  $25,000.  towards  the  erection  oi  the 
Keystone  State  Normal  School  buildings.  The  corner-stone  was  laid  in 
\Sf>^.  and  the  buildings  were  completed  and  ready  for  occupancy  in  the 
Fall  of  i8'.')6,  when  the  scliooI  was  recognized  by  the  authorities  at  Har- 
risburg  as  a  State  Normal  School.  Prof.  John  S  Frmentrout  was  elected 
the  first  Principal  of  the  school,  wdio  was  also  at  the  time  superintendent 
of  the  public  schools  of  i'erks  county.  Since  he  could  not  attend  to  the 
duties  of  both  offices.  Prof.  Henry  R.  Nicks  was  elected  Acting  Princi- 
pal. The  division  of  the  head  management  did,  however,  not  p^rove  a 
success.  Dissatisfaction  and  discord  soon  arose,  when  Prof.  Nicks  re- 
signed and  took  charge  of  Palatinate  College,  at  Myerstown.  Pa.  Prof. 
Frmentrout.  then,  took  full  charge  of  the  school  and  served  as  Principal 
until  1871,  when  he  resigned.  Prof.  A.  R.  Horn  succeeded  him.  wdio 
filled  the  place  until  1^77.  when  Dr.  N.  C.  Scliaeffer  was  elected  to  the 
position.  He  served  as  Principal  for  sixteen  years,  durir.g  wdiich  time 
the  school  was  much  enlarged.  Tiie  old  buildings  were  replaced  by  new 
ones,  and  others  were  added  as  the  needs  of  the  school  required  them. 
In  1S93  he  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  when  Dr, 
(  G.  B.  Handier  was  elected  Principal  of  the  school,  who  filled  the  place 
for  six  years,  since  which  time  the  school  has  been  in  charge  of  Prof.  A. 
C.  Rothermel. 
[  The  institution  is  at  present  one  of  the  largest  in  the  State.     The  build- 

I  ings  are  well  adajjted  for  the  work,  are  equipped  with  the  most  modern 
appliances,  fixtures  and  furniture,  and  accommodate  at  least  one  thous- 
i  and  students  of  all  grades  at  unc  time.  The  Faculty  is  composed  of  the 
'  best  teachers,  wdio  are  capable  of  instilling  great  enthusiasm  in  the  stu- 
dents for  work  and  study.  The  institution  has  already  done  a  great 
work.  It  has  prepared  young  men  for  many  stations  in  life.  Apart  from 
the  hosts  of  teachers  wh>_>  have  been  trained  for  their  work,  we  find  her 
students  in  the  pulpit,  at  the  i)ar.  practicing  medicine,  acting  as  civil  en- 
gineers and  in  other  leading  and  responsible  positions.  We  prophesy  for 
the  institution  a  still  nol)ler  utjrk.  in  preparing  the  sons  of  the  Germans 
in  Fastern  Penn'^ylvaiiia  to  take  a  front  place  in  the  great  and  prosperous 
future  of  our  country. 

The  people  of  Kutztown  have  always  been  in  favor  oi  education.  Prior 
to  the  time  when  the  town  was  laid  out  by  George  Kutz,  the  people  of 
that  community  had  their  cl  urch  and  school  hou-e.  About  a  mile  east 
of  the  town.  I'U  the   l.exan   farr.i.  now  owned  bv  the  wife  of  Prof.   Hetirv 


76  TIIK  PK]s:  .\  SY  lA'  AM  A-(ii:i!M  A}s . 

R.  Nicks,  stocid  tlu'  cluircli.  then  known  as  the  "Tacdny  Church,"  •  and 
Ticar  it  the  schuol  Inm^e.  Whi-n  the  church  was  huilt.  no  one  can  deh- 
nitely  say.  hut  it  is  more  tlian  likely  that  it  was  [irior  to  1740.  A  short 
distance  to  the  north,  on  high  siround.  is  the  graveyard,  where  nienibers 
of  the  congregation,  who  did  not  have  their  prisate  Inirying  ground  on 
their  farms,  were  buried.  Who  is  buried  here  no  one  can  tell,  because 
tliere  are  no  tombstones  marking  the  graves.  Their  names  caii  only  be 
found  in  the  Great  l^iok  on  High. 

At  this  church  many  of  the  immigrant  Germans,  who  had  settled  in 
Maxatawny  \'alley.  partook  of  the  Lord's  Supper  before  they  were  nat- 
uralized as  citizens  of  Penns}Kania,  as  was  then  required  by  law.     Under 


Vi':^ ■->'--  ■■■■ 


c^-    -       ^  .  .-7^  ^Jn    -~-~  "  -  "*^— ^- --_:■--•'''•  v     "J-^^^-:  'y.  -      " _■-'  iS-sv  C 

THE   OLDEST   HOUSE   IN   KUTZTO'OCN. 

the  law  of  Great  Ilntain.  foreign  rrotesiant>  only  could  become  citi7.eus 
of  the  Colonies  by  naturali.'ation.  The  oath  U<  which  they  had  to  sub- 
scribe, provided,  among  other  things,  that  they  had  taken  •'the  Sacra- 
ment of  the  Lord's  Supper  m  Mune  Lrotestant  or  Reformed  congregation 
in  tliis  Province  within  ih.ree  months."  etc. 

The  school  hou<e  stood  about  mid-way  betueeii  the  church  and  the 
graveyard.  The  grandfather  of  Prof.  John  J.  Hottensteiu  and  the  great- 
grandfather oi  Or.  X.   C.   SchaeffiT.  on  In-  mother'-  -ide.  attended  school 


gran'ii.iiiit.1    in    im.    •».    v.    .^imv..-..     -- 

here.  The  -poi  v.luTc  the  -cho,,l  li.ui-e  --to,,d  is  -till  marked  l)y  an  oi, 
tree,  that  stood  m  Uoui  ,,f  it,  as  well  a-  the  place  where  the  church  stoo< 
by  a  part  of  the  loundaiiou   walL  being  -till  \i-djle. 


Ol'Li;  THE  OLD  li.tSTUX  UOAD. 


77 


W'licn  George  Kut/  laid  out  the  borough  of  Kutztown,  lie  desigiinted 
certain  lots,  located  on  tin'  Xorthcast  corner  of  Walnut  and  White  Oak 
streets,  as  church  kits.  .V  ucw  church  edifice  was  erected  on  these  lots, 
the  corner-stone  of  \\hich  was  laid  in  179;.  The  huildinp;  was  put  up 
with  large  pine  logs  that  were  floated  dnwn  the  Schuylkill  River  to  Lees- 
port,  and  from  there  hatded  by  teams  to  Kutztown.  Mr.  Hald\ ,  an  old 
blacksmith  of  Kutztown,  after  whom  I'>aldy's  Lane  of  the  boroui^h  was 
named,  went  to  ilie  pine  swamps  at  the  head  of  the  Schuylkill  River,  and 
I'ellcd  the  trees  and  hewed  the  logs  which  were  brought  down  the  river  in 
rafts  for  the  building.  Thus  did  these  niirthlan(L  yield  of  their  forest  tim- 
bers  for   vacred   purposes,   as    King    Hiram    of   Tyre    furnished   Solomon 


-"%.- 


Xs 


OLD  UNION  CHURCH,  KUTZTOVC'N. 


with  the  ccdais  of  Lebanon  for  the  great  Temple  at  Jerusalem.  The 
church  on  the  Levan  f;irm  had  been  built  of  stone,  and  what  could  have 
induced  those  people  to  build  the  town  church  with  logs,  cannot  l)e  im- 
agined. The  log  church  was  nicely  weather-boarded  and  served  the  peo- 
ple of  Ku.tztown  and  its  \icinity  for  pul)lic  w<3rship  until  1S76,  when  the 
present  large  brick  efiifice  nas  erected  on  the  same  spot. 

.\fter  the  church  had  lieen  moved  to  Kutztown.  a  new  school  house 
was  also  erected,  at  the  eastern  end  i,tf  the  church  l(3ts.  The  building,  al- 
th<:iuLdi  not  now  u^cd  a<  a  scIiomI  h(.u>-e,  is  -^lill  standing.  It  is  a  one- 
story  stdiic  hui'diiiL;.  which  had  a  lar'.',e  school  room  and  a  dwelling  part 
lor   the   teacher.      I'rnir   to   the   adoption   of   the  comnnut   school   system. 


78  THE  rEySSYUA.MA-GKILMAS. 

this  was  the  principal  scliool  in  the  community.  Persons,  who  subsc- 
<iuently  rose  to  positions  of  eminence  and  responsibility,  taught  here. 
Governor  Ramsey,  who  was  one  of  the  Governors  of  the  State  of  Minne- 
sota, and  subsec|uently  Secretary  of  War  of  the  I'nited  States,  was  one 
of  the  teachers.  Tie  is  fond  of  relating  a  conversation  he  rjverheard  be- 
tween tv.o  women  of  Kutztown  on  a  very  warm  day.  One  said,  "Es  is 
aver  base  heit";  to  which  the  other  replied,  "'Ya,  es  ware  aver  net  so  ha^e. 
wann  es  net  fcr  die  gross  Hitz  ware." 

When    the    congregation    resolved    to    rebuild    the    "Union    Church."    a 
portion  of  the   Lutheran  congregation   withdrew   and  formed  a  new   con- 


">. 


'-^   ,■!•< 


JS* 


-<?Si:n.«9i*i         -^^ 


V^'"-. 


THE  OLD  ACADF.WY  OF  KUTZTOWN. 


gregatifTii  and  erected  a  new  church  on  Main  street,  known  as  Trinitv 
Lutheran  church.  This  is  a  must  handsome  edifice,  both  as  to  its  exte- 
rior and  interior.  Chaiiel  was  built  in  1874.  main  church  in  1894.  .-V  few 
years  later,  a  portion  of  the  Reformed  coi  gregati'Ui  also  withdrew  and 
formed  a  new  congregation  and  erected  a  new  church  on  White  Oak 
-Street,  knuwii  as  St.  Paul's  Reformed  church.  These  three  churche.s  are 
fine  buildings  and  are  a  credit  to  the  people  of  Kut/.town.  Besides  the 
United  i-'.\  ;nigelicals  cri  ted  a  nice  and  substantial  church  cm  Main 
street. 

.  Jthougl'!   Kut/town  i,s  well  provided  witli  churches,  yet  it  is  still  better 
provided  \\ith   liotels.      It  has  five  large  and   well-conducted  hotel.s.     The 


OVKIl  Tin:  OLD  KASTOX  VOAD. 


79 


"iJlack  lloi^e."  where  Judt^o  H.  11.  Scluvartz  spent  his  !)achelf)rh(,od 
days,  and  wliicli  was  ciwnrd  by  Jacoh  I-"isher,  who  died  at  tlie  age  of  C)9 
years,  is  still  doing  a  thri\ing  business.  Tins  is  l)o^sil.)ly  the  oldest  hos- 
telry of  the  town.  For  many  years.  Mr.  l'"i->her  was  the  proprietor,  and 
afterwards,  his  si;)n-in-law.  Dainel  Zininiernian.  It  is  here  that  many  po- 
litical schemes  in  days  gone  by  were  C(jncocted.  When  .Mr.  Fisher  was  in 
ills  prime,  he  was  a  leader  in  the  coninuuiit\'.  and  \\as  a  good  and  sub- 


i 

1 

\ 

^   - 

1 

J  "^ 

~      ^ 

I 

t 
I    - 

"  \  - 

- 

/-  ^^ 

%   4 

*       r 

< 

' 

^  .,  ....    k 

^-- 

...  ■ 

'lt^l-X> 

i 

*^K>''-""<  i  -.-tx*--^'    i 

TRINITY  LUTHERAN  CHURCH,  KUTZTO^N. 


stantial  supporter  of  men  like  Judge  Strong,  when  he  was  a  candidate 
for  Congress  and  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court.  Heister  Clymer  and  oth- 
ers.    Subsequently  Judge  Schwartz  took  his  ph'.ce  as  a  jiolitical  leader. 

Prior  to  the  Civil  War.  battalion  day  was  a  red-letter  day  for  Kutz- 
town.  Everybody  in  the  community  would  turn  out  on  this  day,  and 
take  an  interest  in  the  exercises.  So  long  as  e\'cry  able-bodied  man  of 
tb.e  required  age  w.as  compelled  t")  drill  once  a  \ear  or  jiay  his  militia 
tax,  the  military  drills  were  ot  coiisideraijle  coi;sr(|uence.     But  when  the 


fU 


THE.  rAWySYIJAXL  \-GF.l!.\I .  I A  , 


old  militia  system  ijocame  r^hsoletc'  the  hattali.ms  took  tlic  form  ..f 
frolics  more  than  anything  else,  and  were  kept  up  for  some  tinu-  simple 
tor  the  benefit  of  the  landlords,  which  hmught  t.^gether.  in  many  ca^es. 
persons  of  questionahle  eharacter.  and  snuK-times  resulted  in  rtght^  and 
bloody  noses.  So  what  was  originally  inaugurated,  with  patriotic  mr,- 
tives  and  for  the  defense  of  government,  ^vas  turned  into  a  disreputaMe 
and  demoralizing  performance.  The  good  people  arose  up  against  it  and 
in  1S71.  tlie  Kutztown  Battalion  was  forever  squelched.  An  agricultural 
society  was  organised  about  this  time,  which  had  a  great  deaf  to  dr.  in 
killing  the  battalion,  and  in  turning  the  attention  of  the  lan<llords  aiul 
others  in  another  directiou.     The  Kut/town   Fair  is  a  credit  to  the  farm- 


m  im 


a>    "^ 


e-   r 
h   I 

r  \ 


ai  Ki- 


^. 


"W^-* 


■*"»«i»r 


V 


^ 


--Ji! 


#•■4 
f 


«W4 


^ 


I" 


..--'<• 


si 

1 


NOT  SWITZERLAND,   BUT    KUTZTOVt  N,  PA. 


uig  community,  and  everybody  enjoys  a  <lay  or  two  each  vear  on  the 
pleasant  grounds  viewing  the  fine  stock,  large  pumpkins,  apples,  pears, 
etc.,   etc.,  and   renewing   old   ac(iuaintances.    etc. 

When  we  were  at  the  foot  of  Normal  Hill,  we  couhl  have  made  a  short 
detour  to  the  ivorth  and  have  taken  a  vle^^  of  .Moselem's  church.  This 
IS  a  Lutheran  church,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest  congregations  in  the 
county,  dating  as  far  back  as  i;.v-.  The  Peims  donated  one  hundred  and 
one  acres  for  church,  pur  .o^e^.  ou  uhich  a  log  church  was  built,  complet- 
ed in  i742.  In  i.-oi  a  stoue  church  was  erected  on  the  same  spot,  wlv.ch 
u-as  patterned  after  the  Lutheran  eluuch  at  the  Trappe,  uhich  is  -aui  to 
have    been    designed    by    Dr.    Henrs     .Melch.Mr    .\Liiilenberg.    and    whicli. 


orj:h'  Tui':  old  HAsioy  uoad. 


81 


Iiact  an  hexagonally  shaped  pulpit  end.  Nine  years  thereafter  a  i)ipc 
(iryau  was  secured,  which  was  built  at  Lancaster  hy  Tanneberger,  and 
was  tiirmally  dedicated  l>y  I'a.>t<ir  Schauni  in  1770.  This  chiu'ch  ser\cd 
the  I'eople  lor  pul)hc  wor.^hip  imtil  i'"^94.  when  under  tiie  pastoial  care  ut 
the  late  Rev.  Dr.  S.  W.  Jlarkey,  a  larye,  tine  brick  church,  with  sifuarc 
tower,  was  erected.  The  pastor;,  ot  ihis  cluu'ch  have  licen  Re\s.  \'alen- 
tine  Kraft,  T<djias  \\'a.ij;ner.  1745;  J.  H.  Schauin,  I7<ii  ;  Daniel  Lehman. 
177^:  John  Knoske.  ]8i  1  :  Conrad  .Miller.  iSjj;  Isaac  Roeller,  i8_'y.  F>.  I-". 
Krandich.  i860:  supidies.  G.  Spieker,  1S67;  W.  A.  C  .Muehler.  1S83;  I^r. 
Plarkey,  iSgi:  E.  P.  H.  Pfatteicher.  hjoj.  Revs.  Kraft  and  J^ehnian  arc 
buried  here. 

Bv  followinu'  the  tlow  of  Sacoiiv  Creek  iKjrlhward  for  about  three  miles 


\ 


V 


X 


i' 


,     ^        V       "      f 

■* 

J^^f^JtU.- 

-^3<sa     t. 

*■ 

^ 

^ 

JT 

,  ..    -_^, 

>* 

»     " 

OLD   V\OSELEM  LUTHER.^N  CHURCH. 

we  reach  what  is  known  a-^  Latjle  Point,  near  which  place  Jacob  Levan. 
one  oi  the  four  brotlicr  Huguenot  refuj^ees.  >etilcd  in  1715.  Here  l".e  soon 
erected  his  dsvellin'^  and  ■^tone  mill  i)roperty.  still  standuiji-.  and  wdiich 
was  the  tirst  grist  mill  in  the  neighborhooil  oi  Lut/town.  He  had  large 
.land  possessions,  and  was  a  \ery  influential  man  of  hi-  comnuinity.  When 
Count  Ziuzend.orf  visited  .\merica  in  1742.  he  \va>  entertained  here,  and 
preached  to  the  settler^  of  the-e  parts  from  the  balcony  of  the  mill  porch, 
shown  in  picture.  After  >er\  ing  his  county  as  iudge,  from  iJ},2-6j.  and 
taking  active  part  in.  frontier  defences  against  the  Indians  in  French  and 
Indian  War.  and  leaving  his  coiuitry  a  br.ave  and  pulilic-spirite<l  progeny, 
who-e  dc.-ceiidan.t-  have  intermingled  wnli  many  piMminent  Berk-  county 
!.  milies  ami  >catter((l  '.<•  all  part-  of  the  ciamtry.  he  died  in  I7()X.  The 
old  Injuiestead  is  -tdl   in  the  hands  of  hi-  descendants. 


'..;-^^^'$fr^ 


w- 


'*.."■: 


"■'•  ,>     ,f^^- 


.:u-t 


-'I.' 


^  -1:C-,il':^ 


;:-77!-*Z^  .,,,.;;: 


'5!^»«???f?S^S^^v: , "      r 


■>    ,  :•..■  ^  .'••. 


LEVAN'S  AULL  NEAR  EAGLE  POINT. 


'•"% 


-;^,  1. . 


U&^Ki^i 


...  lij 


v/ 


y 


KEMPS   HOTEL.   ERECTED    1745. 


Ol'j:i:  THE  OLD  KASroX  RO.II).  J.3 

We  can  take  tlic  trolley  at  Rut/.tuun  I'or  Rnthroeks\i]le.  About  a  mile 
cast  ol  Kutztown  we  pa^s  "Kemp's  Hotel."  which  is  the  oldest  hotel  in 
the  eastern  jjart  of  ]'>erl;s.  i'rior  to  the  lading-  rait  of  Kutztown,  it  was 
the  principal  hotel  between  Reading-  and  Allentovvn.  and  did  in  those 
days  a  thriving  biisinos.  under  the  management  of  George  Kemp,  the 
])ioneer  ancestor  of  the  Kemi)S  in  Berks  county.  The  main  part  of  the 
hotel,  whicli  is  still  standing;,  was  erected  in   1787. 

About  a  quarter  of  a  mile  soutli  of  Kemp's  Hotel  i.-.  the  Bieber  farm. 
where  Dr,  ScliactTer's  grandmother,  (.)n  his  mother's  side,  was  born.  She 
took  pleasure  in  descriljing  the  encami)ment  of  a  di\  ision  of  the  baggaL;c 
train  of  Washington's  Army  on  this  farm,  cither  before  or  after  the  battle 


>  "• 


m 


-'<i 


'^!^''> 

•#^'- 


-^.V.^f'^ 


'h-Ax 


■V':i-".^     j~-'4  I '¥^1 


THE  CF.NTF.NNI.'XL  OAK. 


of  Germantown.  in  1777.  as  she  heard  it  related  by  her  parent.^  when  -lie' 
was  a  girl.  There  is  a  tine  spring  of  water  on  the  farm,  which,  togetlu  r 
with  the  fact  that  it  was  more  or  less  secluded,  was  no  df)ubt  the  motue 
tor  retreating  to  this  spot.  She  stated  that  the  meadow  in  front  <if  the 
house,  and  the  Held  extending  to  the  farm  on  the  west,  were  filled  with 
tents,  wagons  and  horses.  When  the  soldiers  arrived,  the  \vomen  were 
engaged  in  baking,  and  to  extend  to  them  the  hand  of  welcome,  then  crm- 
tinued  to  bake  loaves  of  bread,  cakes  and  pies,  until  their  supply  of  Hour 
was  exhausted,  and  vohmtarily  distributed  the  same,  as  they  were  taken 
!resh  from  the  oven,  am  mg  them.  Dewalt  Bielier.  the  owner  of  the  land, 
who  lived  close  by.  sold  cider  to  the  s,.ldiers  by  the  t;ourd  niea-ure:  but 
a  ler  imbibing  freely  they  demanded  possessiMU  of  the  cask,  which  pro\ed 


84 


TH  /•:   PKNXSYL I  J  MA-GKll.y  A  A  , 


ttio  imich  !(>r  tliis  sturdy  Poniisyh  ani;i-r;i.rnian.  u  liorfupon  he  sci/.ed  tlie 
must  coincniciit  weapon,  a  swine's  yoke,  and  heat  tlieni  off.  This  caused 
the  olhcers  to  station  tiiiard-  around  t!ie  hou>e.  Tiie  following  morning 
Mr.  Riei)er'^  mare  was  found  in  the  meadow  stahbed  tf>  deatli,  her  coll 
standing  l)y  lier  side.- -no  doubt  an  act  of  revenge. 

A  sliort  distance  from  the  liou'~e  stands  a  mammoth  white-oak  tree, 
known  as  tlie  Centennial  White- ()ak  of  remisylvania.  under  winch,  it  is 
said,  the  otVicers  had  their  heatlquarters.  The  tree  is  se\era!  hundred 
year^  old.  and  it  is  belie\ed  to  be  sturdy  enough  to  defy  the  storms  of  an- 
otlier  hundred  years.     The  trunk,  near  the  t^ruund,  measures  twentv-nine 


>■  ,     '     " 

'  i 

"  ■.''^.-"■"■.v'r-.-i^tJ" 

m 

'<■    ■':■             ■     ■         \ 

' .y \-    ^,^"'^-■■. ;. 

'\^r  ''^''•'* 

'  '    '                          / 

THE  DAVID  SCHAEFFER  HO.ME.STEAD, 


feet,  four  inches  in  circumterence,  and  lietween  the  tenth  and  twentieth 
foot  fr(Tm  the  ground  the  tree  sends  out  twenty  lind)^.  most  of  which 
measure  five  to  >i.\-  feet  in  circumference,  the  largest  measuring  seven 
feet,  three  inches.  The  hei'-;ht  of  the  tree  is  sixty-two  feet,  aiii]  the  boughs 
spread  ninety-eight  feet 

Xearl)y  is  the  Schaeffer  homoteail.  sho'.n  in  accompanying  illustra- 
tii.iii,  where  a  celebrated  quintette  of  s<ins  were  horn  and  reared,  headed 
by  the  aide  and  poj)ul;ir  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  of  Penn.^yl- 
\ania.  the  sons  e>f  iMavi''  and  ['"stiu'r  Schaerfer.  who  are  both  hale  and 
hearty,  though  the_v  celibr.ated  their  ;-;ohlen  wediiing  anniversary  four 
^e  rs  ago.  \\  liile  a  I'anii  i  -  expected  to  rai-e  stock  and  cereaU.  this  typi- 
cal  German  I'arni  raised  men   l)esides.     Such  was  their  cor.cern  in  this  di- 


oi'Kn  Till-:  (>i.J>  i-:asT()\  ho. id. 


85 


rcctioii  tliat.  in  iS7,V4.  tlu-  parent,-  luul  all  tivc  sons  away  at  -chool  at  the 
same  time.  Xatlian  in  the  Universities  of  Germany.  William  at  l.an.-a- 
tcr  Tlieolopical  Semmary.  Nicholas  at  Franklin  an.l  .Marshall  Colle-e. 
and  Charles  aiul  James  at  the  Key-tone  Xormal.  Tliey  wnv  have  the 
-ratification  to  li\e  ami  see  one  ^on  adornin-  each  of  the  four  learned 
professions,  with  one  left  to  run  the  old  farm  intelligently.  Who  will 
again  dare  lift  h\>  voice  against  the  ■•(iuml)    Dutch".-' 

About  ten  stone-throws  away  stood  a  little  <'ne  and  onedialf  story  log 
house,    now    weather-hoarded,    on    property    belonging    then     to     George 


if' 


■s:     .  %    -  ^ 


rt 


I  ^ -%jy 


^>-»*.^i  *i^y»  -A.^' 


!^ip*»^-"* 


-•"iw*  •  ,i.,  ,, 


liillil! 


r:  "^ 


.^siu.  'i 


ii.il  "-^ii 


B1RTHPL.\CE  OF  THE  EDITOR  OF  THIS  .WAG.AZINE. 


Kemp,  where,  nearly  t^lty  years  ago  the  editv.r  of  this  magazine  was 
born:  but  who  had  scarcely  becune  accustomed  t(^  his  new  Berks  ounty 
surrounding.-.,  when,  with  his  parents  and  older  brothers  an<l  sister,  tive 
of  whom,  like  himself,  made  their  advent  to  life  here,  he  took  his  thght  to 
I.ehigh  county,  where  the  father  had  bought  a  small  farm,  which  became 
liis  permanent  bovhood  home. 

About  threeMiuarter>  of  a  mile  ea^t  of  Kemp's  Hotel  we  come  to  the 
Hotten-tein  ulantations.  It  is  said  that  the  pioneer  Hottenstcin  had  ac; 
quired  a  title  to  ab^ut  f..ur  hundred  and  fifty  acres  ,.f  land  in  Maxatawny 
township,  which  is  -ow  <livided  into  four  farms,  three  of  which  are  ^tdl 
in  the  possession  •»:  lu^  .Kscendants.  Perhap.  live  hundred,  yards  t-  the 
north  of  the  public  mad.  in  the  centre  of  the  meadow,  i^  a   spring-hou^e. 


bCy 


TIIK  FKX.ws]  jjjMA  gi:i:ma.\  . 


Aiul  not  I(in,L^  ngi)  stood  nn  old  cliinniey,  uliicli  i>  tlic  spot  wlitTf  the 
pioiK-cr  Jloltcnsti'in  liad  first  settled.  Tlio  Indians  lo\  cd  to  visit  him. 
1)ccause  he  was  kind  and  generous  to  thcin.  He  was  sti.-rn  with  tlicni.  yet 
they  respected  liis  autliority  and  were  ready  to  defend  liini  and  liis  jirop- 
erty.  A  mile  further  east  we  come  to  the  village  of  Monterey,  where  is 
a  post-ollice.  hotel,  general  store  and  residences.  This  place  was  named 
during  the  .Mexican  War  after  the  liattle  of  the  saiiie  had  been  W(m  hy  the 
American  Army.  Passir.g  on  we  get  to  Shofers.  where  is  also  a  post- 
i.ttice.  hotel,  store  and  a  creamery.  (Jn  the  eminence  heyond  stands  Max- 
atawny  or  Zion's  Church,  commonly  known  as  Siegfried's  Church,  which 
can  be  seen  far  and  wide,  as  it  stands  on  the  water-shed  between  the 
Schuylkill  aiul  I.ehigh  Rivers.  The  present  building,  being  a  fine  brick 
structure,  is  the  second  church.  The  first  one  was  built  of  stone  in  iSjS. 
AV.i}  is  shown  in  accomjianying  cut  just  as  the  work  of  demolition  had  be- 
trun. 


SIEGFRIED'S  OR  M.A.XATA\X'NY  UNION  CHURCH. 


Looking  to  the  north  as  we  pass  H)wards  Rothrocksville,  we  can  see 
the  Herman  parsonage,  where  Re\ .  Charles  Herman  li\ed.  and  since  his 
death,  his  son,  Rev.  Alfred  J.  Herman.  These  two  ministers  have  occu- 
pied the  place  for  nearly,  if  not  quite,  a  hundred  years,  preaching  the  Gos- 
pel to  tlie  numerous  congregations  which  they  .served,  baptized  the  chil- 
dren, confirnted  and  married  the  young  and  buried  the  dead.  lUit  as  we 
are  rellecting  on  the  magnitude  of  their  work,  the  trolley  speeds  us  on  to 
Rothrocksville.  a  village  of  several  hundred  inhabitants,  which  was 
named  after  Dr.  Rothrock.  who  years  ago  practiced  here  his  art  of  heal- 
ing. As  we  go  through  the  \  illage  we  will  pass  the  birthi)lace  of  Prof. 
George  W.  Richards,  ,.<{  the  Thecilogical  Seminary  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  tip 
our  hat  to  liis  father.  Dr.  Milton  S.  Richards,  pass  the  hotel,  where  all 
travelers  are  cordially  received,  ami  stoj)  at  the  farm-house  of  William 
Kline,  the  son-in-law  o;  Seth  *_jrim.  deceased,  which  was  the  liomestead 
of  one  braiich  of  the  Grim  family  for  mau_\-  years,  which  ])rings  us  within 
calhng  distance  of  Lehigh  county. 


THE  rALAJlM-S'  ClliKCIl. 


87 


THE  PALATINES'  CHURCH  AT  NEWBURG,  N.  Y. 

The  revocation  of  the  Edict  oi  Xante>  ^October  iSth.  1685)  was  in- 
strumental in  sending  to  America  some  of  the  best  bh>od  ot  Kurope. 
Xear  halt  a  million  of  the  most  thnfty  citizens  of  France  lett  that  coun- 
try; and  of  these,  many  found  a  temporary  refuge  among  their  Pro  e.tant 
br'ethren  of  the  Rhenish  Palatinate.  Hither  the  iron  hand  of  Richelieu 
and  the  remorseless  fanaticism  of  the  scarlet  woman  of  Marly  and  the 
Trianon  pursued  them.  There,  too.  the  hospitable  Palatines  iell  under 
the  same  terrible  interdict.  For  conscience's  sake,  they  opened  wide 
their  doors  to  the  persecuted,  and  now  found  it  was  but  to  ^^^^  ^^^  ^ 
of   the   strangers.      Homeless   and   forlorn,    they   were   driven    lorth   Irom 


■;i::i^- 


i:^^r:.^m^ 


THE  PALATINES-  CHURCH. 

their  peaceful  vallevs.  to  wander  for  a  while  northward  in   Europe;  then 
to   England;   and   finally,   some   to   seek  a   permanent   asylum   across   the 

wild  Atlantic. 

\mong  these,  bv  the  bounty  of  Queen  Anne,  one  little  company  o. 
tiftv.  und'er  the  leadership  of  their  good  pastor,  Joshua  Kockerthal.  sail- 
ed'for  the  New  World:  and.  after  a  temporary  sojourn  on  "G.^vernor  s 
Island"  in  \ew  York  harbor,  settled  permanently  at  -Quasek  Creek  and 
Thanskamir.-  on  the  hill  slope  where  now  stands  the  thriving  city  ot 
Xewburgh-on-Hud<<.n.  They  were  good  Lutherans,  but  there  were 
black  ^heep  in  tlic  tl.K-k.  and  trouble  from  this  cau^e,  as  well  as  troni 
Jack  of  supplies.  spcc<lilv  aro^e.     They  appealed  to  the  amhonties  in  New 


ss 


77/  E   PKXXSyL  I'JMA  -dKh'M  J  A  . 


V(irk.  It  spt-aks  wvll  for  the  hmthcrly  Kixc  anii;n<i  f'rotestants  of  tlii)>c 
(la\>,  tliat  vpcrdy  nu'asurcs  were  taken  fur  tlicir  rcliei'.  ami  that  tlic  C(.>ni- 
iiiittcc  charged  with  aidini^^  thcni  cunsi^ted  of  tlie  Ivev  ereiid  Mr.  Dul)(>i<^. 
of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  and  Rector  \'c>ey  (after  whom  Vesey 
street  in  New  ^'nrk  is  named)  of  tlie  Episcopal  Trinity  parish.  Dominie 
Kockerthal  had  sailed  for  iMigland  before  thi.s  to  jirncnre  tools  and  sup- 
plies, flis  return,  in  the  >prinLC  of  1710.  and  the  heneticence  of  the  people 
of  New  \'ork.  .uave  the  colonists  new  hope,  and  for  a  time  they  pros- 
pered. Of  the  lands  Lrranted  hy  patent.  500  were  for  the  sup])ort  and 
maintenance  of  the  Lutheran  pastor,  and  were — and  still  are — known  a=; 
the  "glebe,"  held  in  the  Tiame  of  trustees,  and  administered,  till  within 
very  recent  times,  for  the  uses  of  religion.  These  lands  were  not  given. 
but  leased,  at  the  very  moderate  rental,  however,  of  "one  pepper-corn, 
annually." 

So'attractive  were  these  pleasant  banks  of  the  Hudsi.n  that  soon  emi- 
grants began  to  arri\e  in  cc msiderable  numbers.  Unfortunately,  few  ot 
the  new  comers  were  of  the  same  househdld  of  faith  as  the  original 
settlers.  Kockerthal  was  succeeded  liy  Justice  Falconer,  and  he,  soon 
after,  by  William  tlirkenmeyer.  neither  being  an  actual  resident.  The 
agreemeiU  for  i)a>toral  services  of  Dominie  Birkemiieyer  recites,  in  p.irt : 
"As  we  (the  trustees  named),  do  herewith  call,'  con,>titute,  and  ap- 
point Mr.  William  Christopher  Birkenmeyer.  Lutheran  minister  at  "Xcw 
"S'ork,  for  our  lawful  teacher  of  the  parish  of  Quassaick,  to  minister  to  us 
twice  a  year,  as  well  in  ])reaching  the  Holy  Scriinures.  and  the  symbolical 
books  of  our  Lutheran  Church,  as  in  administering  the  Holy  Sacrameiit.s 
of  Christ's  institutmn.  promisin.g  to  pay  him  the  income,  and  acknowl- 
edging him  as  our  teacher,  as  also.  whene\er  he  lands  up<;)n  our  shore,  to 
receive  him,  and  bring  him  back  on  board  the  vessel.  Moreover,  since 
hitherto  we  can  make  no  use  of  the  bell  gi\'en  to  (lur  parish,  we,  there- 
fore, give  the  said  bell,  by  oral  permission  of  his  excellency,  Govermir 
Burnett,  to  the  Lutheran  Church  of  New  York.  However,  on  this  con- 
dition: If  it  should  happen  that  we  should  be  able  to  build  a  church  of 
our  own  at  any  time  hereafter,  then  the  L-utheran  Church  of  New  York 
shall  restore  to  us  the  same  bell,  such  as  it  now  is.  or  another  of  ei|ual 
weight  and  value.     Signed,  sealed,  etc..   March  .^otli,    IJJ"." 

Mr.  Berkenmeyer  served  till  ijjr,  receiving  alt(\gether  for  his  ser- 
vices as  pastor,  "thirty   chcei)les  of  wheat." 

In  the  \ear  :7.^,v  Mii.diael  Christian  Knoll  became  the  minister  of  the 
Palatines:  and  it  was  during  his  administration  (though  the  exact  date 
cannot  now  be  ascertained)  that  the  glebe  school-house  and  church — a 
view  of  which  is  here  given — was  erected,  anil  remained  standing  in  the 
midst  of  the  ancient  burying  ground  between  Cira:id  and  Liberty  streets, 
until  a  feu  years  a.go,  when  the  devastating  hand  of  "improvement" 
swej^t  it  aw:i\'.  But  how  little  matters  the  [)reser\ation  of  the  edifice 
wlien  the  worshipers  arc  gone?  C)f  how  tritlmg  importance  the  body  oi 
things  compared  to  the  inhahitinL;  spint.  I'oor  Lutherans  of  the  I'ala- 
tine  city.  Tliey  h;i\  e  slejit  long  in  their  narrow  cells  un\e.\ed  b.v  the 
march,  and  tramping,  and  blare  and  clamor  of  e\ents.     The  turf  of  their 


Tin:  I'jL.iTixh's'  curncii.  ■  S9 

<liiiet  .yravt'vard  >tili  heaves  in  many  nmldcrintr  lieaps;  and  fur  tlieni  I'le 
thing's  of  eartlt  lia\  e  long  been  over.  Rnt  in  tlieir  day  came  stirring' 
times  in  the  Chnreh's  hi'^tory.  Of  tlioic  immigrants  who  came  to  settle 
among  them,  some  \\er(-  Huguenots,  jimfessing  the  Calvinistic  dcjctrines. 
but  most  were  Church  of  Enghuid  people.  These  hitter  grew  strong  in 
numliers.  till  at  last,  taxing  b(dd.  they  took  \iiilent  possession  of  the  one 
church  building  of  tlie  neighbf>rlu)od — the  one  of  the  diminisjied  ilock  of 
I.utiierans — elected  trustees  of  the  glebe  oi  their  own  lunntter, -and  so  at- 
tempted to  add  spoliation   to  intolerance. 

A  record  has  been  kept  of  some  of  the  proceedings  that  followed.  It 
states:  ""Our  miriister  (the  Lutheran)  coming  there  (to  Xewl)urghK  did 
preach  the  utli  of  July  (1747).  Sunday,  the  iQth;  the  church  was  full  of 
people.  Some  justices  of  the  peace,  and  some  with  swortls  and  sticks. 
were  there  in  the  church,  in  presence  of  the  English  minister,  >[r.  Wat- 
kins,  who  was  come  there  the  first  time  the  same  Sunday.  (  )ur  minister. 
after  oral  and  public  protest  at  the  door  of  the  church,  went  into  a  .pri- 
vate house  upon  the  glebe  to  do  divine  worship.  In  1748.  the  3d  of  July. 
our  minister  preachetl  in  the  church,  because  the  English  minister  was 
not  to  come  that  Sunday." 

The  last  Lutheran  service  was  held  in  October.  After  this  several 
times,  the  few  Palatines  rem;iinnig.  petitioned — but  \aiidy — for  redress 
of  their  grievances;  and  n(jt  long  after,  finding  the  hjcality — doctrinaliy  at 
least — uncongenial,  most  of  them  moved  away,  some  to  Pennsyh  ania. 
and  some  io  join  their  brethren  at  the  Lutheran  settlement  of  Rhine- 
beck.  fort\    miles  al)o\c  on  the  rixer. 

These  all  sold  their  land  luddings.  It  is  interesting  to  note  the  chain 
of  title  to  one  historic  [dot:  Michael  Weygand  (one  of  the  fir^t  Pala- 
tines) sold  to  William  lUirnett  (the  go\ernor  heretofore  spoken  of.  and 
son  of  the  famous  Bishop  Burnett,  (jf  the  Court  of  William  of  Orange) 
his  lands.  Burnett  sold  tci  one  William  Brown;  he  to  Alexander  C'dden: 
and  Colden  in  turn  to  Colonel  Jonatlian  Masbrouck.  who  budt  (about 
^7i^)  the  commodious  stone  residence,  occupied  for  over  a  xear,  in  178J 
and  '83.  by  Washington  as  his  headc[uarters.  This  building  is  now  the 
property  of  the  State,  ha\  ing  been  purchased  from  Colonel  Hasbrouck. 

The  old  church  of  the  Palatines  was  rcuighly  Iniilt  of  hewn  boarils.  with 
a  steeply  pitched  roof,  surmounted  by  a  small  l>elfry.  in  which,  the  bell. 
reclaimed  from  the  Lutherans  (U'  New  York.  f(U-  many  years  summoned 
the  inhabitants  to  di\ine  ser\  ice.  There  is  a  tradition  of  the  \icinity  that 
this  bell  was  taken  from  the  cupola  secretly  at  night,  at  the  time  when 
the  troubles  were  upon  them,  by  some  of  the  more  ardent  of  the  young" 
Lutherans,  and.  having  been  buried  in  a  swamp  hard  by.  remained  there 
upwards  of  forty  years.  In  time,  however,  it  was  discovered,  and  restored 
to  its  proper  place.  In  later  years  it  (.lid  duty  in  the  cupola  of  the  Xew- 
burgh   Academv,   to   be  final! v   sold,  and   melted  down   for  old   metal. 


^^C                                 THE  rENXSyjJ'JMA-GEJ:MA.\.  i 

I 

HUGUENOT-DUNKARD-MENNONITE  DISCIPLINE.  ? 

Found    amongst    the    Swiss    German    manuscript    pajjcrs    of    Rt.    Rev.  I 

•(Bishop)   John    JacoI»     Kauttmann.  and     transmitted    by   intcr-niarriage,  ii 

through  the  de  la  Planche  family  and  now  in  the  possession  of  his  great-  I 

great-grandson.   D.   Heher  Plank,    :vI.D,,   Morgantown,   Pa.  | 

(Translated   .August  2J<1,   lyoo,  by  Miss   L.   E.  Weber,   Lebanon,   Pa.)  I 

Articles  tliat   were  drawn   up  and  approved   by    ministers  and  ciders  as  | 

■informed   by   Schweit/ern   and The   first   three    in   the   year  ? 

1676.                                                                                                                              '  I 

(i)     All    believing    servants,    as    long    as    they    can    find    employment  I 

among  our  own  people,  shall  not  go  in  service  among  people  outside  the  I 

fold,  and  all  masters  and  mistresses  shall  treat  them,  in  a  Scriptural  way,  | 

as  believers  in   Christ  divine.                                                                                        '  i-^ 

(2)     In   reference  to  drinking  and  the  use  of  tobacco   (smoking)   it  is  | 

declared  that  the  public  drinking  and  use  of  tobacco  is  an  otTense,  there-  -j 

lore   it   is   not  allowed.      But   if  it   should   be    necessary   as   a  medicine,    it  i 

shall  be  done  at  home,  and  shall  be  dealt  with  as  circumstances  require.  I 

(,^)     It  is  also  declared  that  ministers  oi  the   Word  of  God,  owe  it  as  I 

their  duty,  t(..  make  diligent  use  of  their  talents,  and  as  they  can  not  at  the      •  | 

same  time   attend    to   their    temporal    support,    as    in    cases   of   absence   of  f 

three  (.^r  four  days,   or   may   be   several    weeks,    they   are   obliged   to   con-  I 

sume   their   own   means,    be   it   known   that   m    such    instances,    especially  f 

where  their  services  have  been  requested  and  they  have  been  at  their  own               •  "i 

■expense,  it  is  in  duty  required  to  show  them  love  in  return.  ! 

Besides  agreeing  upon  the  above   written   articles,  there  were  yet   con-  1 

sidered  and  adopted  at  an   assemblage  of  many   ministers  and  elders,  at  1 

Obersiiltzen,  the  four  folUiwing  rules:  J 

(i)     That  a  minister  of  the  Word  of  God.  who  has  not  been  fully  set  i 

apart  to  his   office,   or  yet  received  the  laying  on  of  hands,  shall  refrain  | 

from  baptizing  and  administering  the  Holy  Communion,  or  officiating  at  i 

a   marriage,   as   also    not   pronounce   sentence   of  excommunication   upon  | 

sinners,   or  such  as  by  their  wicked  life  have   deserved  the   same;   except  • 

ivhere  there  is  no  Presbyter  or  Bishop,  then  a  minister  may  be  requested  \ 

and  empowered  by  the  congregation  to  act.  J 

(_'>      If  a  dispute  arises  in  a  congregation,  whether  it  be  a  quarrel,  or  a  '- 

business  dispute  between  brethren,  the  matter  shall  be   settled  by  the  el-  i 

der  and  not  be  referred  to  the  minister  of  the  Word.  - 

(3)  If  one  goes  to  a  funeral,  whether  it  be  aiiiong  brethren  or  other  | 
people,  he  shall  refrain  from  entering  a  church  with  them,  but  shall  pass  j 
by  it.  ;j 

(4)  Feasts  held  by  worldly  people  at  the  baptism  of  young  children,  ;! 
shall  be  avoided  by  members  of  the  congregation.  5 

Further: 

.\r  tlie  CouMcil  of  (">fstine,  March,  U-S,'^.  attended  by  many  ministers  and 
ciders,  the  following  resolutions  were  adopted:  ■  ,.; 


Hl'GVKyO  Tin  Xh'A  in>  M  KX  SOX  IT  K   DISCI  I'JJXK.  01 

(iV  Ministers  and  Elders  in  their  walk  and  conversation  shall  conduct 
themselves  in  accordance  with  the  Go>pcI  and  the  teaching's  of  Christ  and 
the  Apostles,  so  that  they  may  he  an  exanii>le  for  others  to  follow. 

(2)  Ministers  of  the  Word  of  God  shall  diligently  exhort  and  teach 
the  people  to  know  what  is  contrary  to  the  doctrine^  of  Christ  and  His 
Apostles,  he  it  concerning  the  life  and  walk  of  the  hrethren  and  sisters,  be 
it  in  reference  to  excessive  eating  and  drinking,  or  living  in  pride. 

(.l)  and  (4)  (Thiv  part  of  manuscript  ha>  become  detached  from  the 
original  manuscript  by  age.  and  is  lost). 

Form  of  prayer  sent  r)ut  among  the  brethren  by  Bislmp  John  Jacob 
KaufTmann  to  oftset  the  intluencc  o!  the  French,  or  Jesuits  over  the  Hu- 
guenots, proclaimed.   1760.  when  King  George  III.  ascended  the  throne: 

"To  him.  our  King  George  III.,  to  give  all  just  obedience,  live  in  har- 
mony, faithfulness,  h.ne,  honor  and  taxes,  benevolence,  and  to  pray  tor 
liim  to  God  according  to  the  Scriptures  in  the  New  Testament,  Matt.  2: 
21,  Romans  13:1-7.  Titus  3:1.2.  I  Peter  2:13-16.  Timothy  i  and  2.  I  also 
hate  and  despise  with  all  my  heart  treachery,  reljellion  and  a-^'^a^sinations 
as  might  be  made  against  our  King  and  his  g<nernment.  be  it  by  Pope, 
Protestant  or  others.  I  am  also  lieartily  disposed  Cas  much  as  is  granted 
to  me  by  God  and  behooves  ni'e)  to  prevent  such  as  much  as  possible.  .\t 
the  same  time  I  wish  and  pray  that  God  will  give  our  King  a  wise  and 
sensible  heart  and  a  willing  mind  to  live  cheerfully  and  faithfully  in  all 
■commandments  and  laws  of  God.  That  he  may  manage  right  and  justice. 
and  that  his  throne  might  be  well  fortified  with  fairness,  and  be  handed 
down,  so  that  he  may  have  eternity  for  his  faithful  service  and  have  his 
reward  from  God.  1  am  also  assured  wherewith  our  King,  such  a  willing, 
■obedient  and  faithful  heart  against  God,  should  be  fo^nd." 

As  assurance  that  the  within  form  of  prayer  can  not  refer  to  the  period 
of  the  Revolution  or  to  any  later  period  than  that  of  the  close  of  the 
P'rench  and  Indian  War.  I  herewith  place  the  following  indorsement  upon 
it: 

■■\Ve  want  to  let  you  kno\.-  that  we  have  been  obliged  to  tlee  from  our 
'home  on  account  of  the  war.  but  the  war  has  subsided  again.  The  luiglish 
have  gained  the  upper  hand.  They  have  fought  ihe  French  back  and  the 
Indians  have  again  made  peace,  and  so  we  are  again  back  in  our  home 
We  have  no  want  in  temporal  food.  We  have  also  had  no  want  Iiecause 
-"li  the  war. 

■T-\ather,  we  have  six  ^ons.     They  are,  God  be  thanked,  healthy." 

Translated  by  the  translator  of  University  of  Pennsylvania.  March  2, 
11S97. 


BOOK      10      NOTICES 


untry.  This  vohiine, 
late  in  lit'i.-.  will  prove 
pcr- 


Poems.  The  anth(,r  uf  tliis  volume  ,,i  poetrv  is  al-o  a   Penn- 

,      ,   ^    ^^-''  sylvania-Gcnnan.    only    he    went    to    Virginia    to    he 

Joel  Suart..  D.D.  born.  But  h,s  nan>e.  nmh.  features  'and  poet.c 
genius  at  once  proclaim  him  as  a  scion  of  this  nature- 
Irning  stock.  As  a  poet  he  has  Ion-  taken  hi-h  rank,  and  uuh  Dr  T 
i^tork.  also  ot  Southern  birth,  contends  fur  tir.t  place  anion-  u^  in  thi^ 
genius    ot  clothing    lofty    thought    m     beautiful    an,l  rhythmic  measure- 

ot  course,   in   tlie  atlojited   tongue 
of    ciur 
coming 

the  author's  monument  t 
petuate  among  his  friends  his 
rare  literary  gifts  and  genial,  lov- 
aHe  spirit.  [ts  many  rare  gems 
need  not  blush  to  go  on  dress- 
parade  before  all  the  world, 
alongbide  the  best  productions  of 
either  W'hittier  or  Longfellow. 
In  conception  and  expression  the 
products  are  poetr\-.  So  much 
pleased  was  the  writer  with  "My 
Bii'tH'kay  at  Three  Score  and  Ten 
and  l^our,  winch  hrst  appeared  elsewhere  la^t  summer,  that  he  u^ed  it 
to  Illustrate  a  point  in  a  >ermon.  preached  as  a  supplv.  one  Sundav  ,n  the 
authors  old  puIpit  at  Tlarri.burg.  evidently  wuh  pleasing  ett'ect  upon  his- 
hearers.  L  nder  various  heads  of  Dedication  and  Introductory  Greetin-s, 
Poems  ot  Nature.  .Meditation  and  Reflection.  Love  at  Home  Temper- 
ance, ^^ns,ng.  for  the  Ouiet  Hour,  the  ditTerent  efl^usions  are  classified. 
The  whole  will  prove  a  valuable  possession  to  anv  purchaser,  bein-  a  well 
made  book  of  j^j  ijnio.  i.p..  and  selling  bv  the  author  at  Devon  'Pa  .  or 
publisher  at  Si._'5  mil  gdt.  or  Si.oo  in  plain  edges,  with  a  reducti-m  of  20- 
per  cent,  to  ministers.— Henry  T.  Coates.  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

Swiss-Life  in  It  wa^  u  ith  intense  interest  that  this  latent  publidied 

Town  and  Country,  immb.r  oi  Putnam's  "(^ur  European  Neighbours" 
series  was  perused.  The  reading  of  the  eighteen- 
chapters  of  this  hook.  c..\eriiig  the  hi.story  and  character  of  this  ancient 
and  model  republic  of  inten,,r  Kurope.  it<  people,  government,  educa- 
tional method-,  indu.stnes.  struggle  with  nature,  domestic  and  Church 
life.  chiMlK.od  and  wo.n.mho,  ,,1,  military  life,  n.itional  letes  am!  festivals- 
and  its  press  and  literature  was  almost  Hke  visiting  tlie  country.  To  ai 
92 


liOOJx  soiicKs.  y;i 

rkar  :inrl  graphic  >t>Ic  is  added  the  pro<liun  of  tliat  very  helpful  and  at- 
traetixe  modern  accoini)lice  in  bool<-niakin_n- — the  jjlioti  i^raphic  camera. 
Twenty  full-page  illustrations  ai'e  included  and  by  their  aid  the  autlior 
carries  his  readers  up  the  giddy  ^now-capped  mountain  heights,  through 
its  nioimtain  tunnels,  into  its  villages  or  lets  them  look  into  the  faces  of 
its  simjile.  yet  intelligent,  sincere-  and  lil)erty  and  ho-.nedoving  people. 
Whether  one  is  a  descendant  nf  this  excellerit  stock — as  many  of  my 
readers  are — or  else  contemplates  a  \i-it  to  this  sky-scraping  republic,  or 
vNe  sfcks  oidy  general  information,  he  ought  to  read  this  work  by  Alfred 
T.  Story.  i)ublished  by  G,  P.  PutnanT.s  Suns.  Xeu  York.  i2mo  pp.  282, 
net  $1.20 

German  and  Swiss     It  gives  us  great  pleasure  to  call  <:iur  readers'  atten- 
Settlements  tion   to  a   work   like   this,      lu   it   the  author  leads   us 

of  Pennsylvania.       upon   a    high    oijscrvation-mriunt    and   makes   us   see 
By  the    whole    comprehensive    sul)iect    of    our    Pennsyl- 

Uscar   Kulr.is.  vania-German    stock    from    the    scholar's    standpoint. 

Though  one  of  us,  he  went  into  a  university  situated 
in  the  niids-t  of  Xew  England  Yankeedom.  in  close  touch  with  large  li- 
braries, and  equipped  with  an  enthusiastic  lo\e  for  his  stock  and  wide 
reading  cm  the  subject,  he  has  produced  a  hook  that  should  no  longer 
leave  the  English  reader  in  ignorance  of  the  origin,  characteristics,  noble 
traits  and  race  peculiarities,  patriotic,  religious  and  inventive  zeal  and 
the  proud  history  and  superior  civilization  that  characterizes  this  con- 
spicuous element  in  State  and  National  life.  It  is  gotten  out.  too,  by  a 
tirm  that  insure>  higli  merit  for  the  book  and  should  secure  for  it  a  hear- 
ing from  the  world  of  letters  and  a  wide  circulation  among  our  English 
cousins.  The  Saxon  brother  need  not  blush  at  the  introduction  so  fa- 
vorably made.  By  him  it  will  be  admiretl  as  a  handsome  pliotograph  of 
himself  is  prized  by  some  rustic  swain.  Its  chapters  cover  historic  back- 
ground, settlement,  early  trials  nu  land  and  sea.  manners  and  customs, 
language  and  literature,  religion  and  life  in  peace  and  war.  with  an  ap- 
pendix on  famil\-  names,  a  most  valuable  table  on  bibliography  and  an 
excellent  index.  Altogether,  it  is  one  of  the  truest  and  most  scholarly 
volumes  that  has  yet  appeared  on  the  subject  of  our  race  history  and 
idiosyncrasies — a  compendium  of  what  the  Pennsylvania-German  Society 
it-elf  is  dmng  gradually  on  a  more  comprehensi\  e  scale.  Whoever  of  this 
olass  takes  up  the  wurk  will  likel\-  be  doouied  to  let  (jther  engagements 
<lrop.  as  the  writer  has  d(_me.  until  he  has  tinislied  its  reading  from  cover 
to  cover.     Henry   ilolt  &  Co..  Xew   York.     268  small.  800  pp.     $1.50. 

Thought-,  for  This  is  a  book  of  "Gems"  of  thought,  g;ithered  from 

Every-Day  Living,  the  spoken  and  written  w<>rds  of  the  late  Dr.  Maltbie 
D.  Babcock.  Dr.  Balicock  died  last  year,  wlien  only 
in  the  early  forties,  yet  he  had  moved  two  of  (^ur  largest  cities.  Baltimore 
and  Xew  York,  with  his  personalits  ;ind  the  quality  01  his  u.terances.  One 
uho  knew  but  his  _\outh.  or  looked   upon  hi>   t.)o_\ish   face.   womkTed  how 


y4 


77/ /•;   PKXXSVL I ' J.V IA-<iKi:MA  A  , 


it  was  jKi^sihlc  to  .^aiii  >r.cli  a  linhl  on  lrii\L;c  nirissfs  of  nicn.  or  liccome  ■i'> 
universally  known  aiul  1o\l-(1.  Tho>c  who  statedly  luard  Iiiin  prcaeh.  or 
came  in  personal  contact  with  him.  knew.  .Vnd  those  who  pernse  this 
book  of  fragmentary  writings  in  disconrse.  per.-onal  connsel,  letter  or 
poetic  form,  will  nnder^tand.  It  is  qnality  that  gives  vaku'  to  thought,  as 
brand  gives  richness  to  wine.  .\  wild  grape  in  hhx.m  along  a  hedge-row. 
will  make  itself  a^  surely  known  to  a  pas-erhy.  anrl  m<n-c  favorablv,  than 
a  sounding  gong  or  a  bra--,  horn.  Dr.  Dabc(;ck  was  a  bundle  of  human 
life  through  whom  the  best  (jf  divine  life  coiused.  as  Nature's  best  take.- 
its  fragrant  way  in  the  \iolet.  the  lily,  or  the  rose.  Xo  one  can  get  a 
wliiff  of  such  life  witlK.uu  being  gladdened  and  refreshed;  and  no  one  can 
read  this  ccdlection  of  Dr.  P.abcock's  thoughts  without  being  helped  and 
bettered.  Ciiarles  Scribner's  Sons,  New  York.  Small  i2mo,  192  pp. 
$1.00  net. 


Little  Journeys.      There  is  something  peculiarly  fascinating  about  every- 
By  thing  that  comes  from  the   Roycroft   sh.op.     The   very 

Elbert  Hubbard.  label,  strmg  and  wrajiinng  paper  in  which  your  pack- 
age is  done  up  has  value  and.  for  a  time  at  least,  fails 
to  go  to  the  waste-basket.  It  is  all  so  striking,  so  peculiar,  -o  naive — and 
hence  laid  aside  as  a  relic.  But  wlien  tlie  bundled  treasure  is  opened,  you 
will  find  yourself  stroking  the  chamois'  cover  of  the  enclosed  l)ook  with 
your  hand  or  cheek  like  precocious  babies  of  two  years  will  stroke  the 
fur  of  the  afternoon  caller's  coat  or  tnuft.  It's  so  pleasing  to  the  touch 
and  such  a  gootl  way  io  make  friends  with  a  stranger.  If  anyone  does 
not  know  what  we  are  talking  about,  it  is  certain  he  has  never  bought  a 
book  from  the  I{ast  Aurora  shop.  And  if  he  asks  who  the  Roycrofters 
are,  he  confesses' himself  ignorant  as  to  the  most  artistic  liookmaking  of 
our  day.  and  has  missed  one  of  life's  opportunities  last  year  wliile  visit- 
ing the  Pan-American. 

There  came  recently  to  our  sanctum  two  copies  of  these  handsome 
Roycroft  products — the  one.  "Will  o'  tlie  Mill."  by  Louis  Stevenson,  the 
other  Mr.  tlubbard's  "Little  Journey  to  the  home  of  Robert  Schumann." 
one  of  "Great  Musicians"  series.  We  cannot  speak  too  highly  of  the  art 
displayed  in  the  make-up  and  of  the  literary  style  01  the  compositions. 

Of  ci>urse.  any  one  who  knows  "Fra  b'Jbertus."  knows  that  he  does  ncjt 
travel  in  an  ox-cart  or  even  on  a  railroad  train  when  he  visits  his  celeb- 
rities in  Music.  Literature,  Art  or  Greatness  and  Gomlness  of  other 
sort,  but  mounts  Pegasus,  and,  if  you  acconipan\-  him  in  any  one  of  hi- 
trips,  you  take  your  lirst  ride  in  a  'lying  machine,  high  up  in  etherial 
thought  realms.  Riu  why  describe  the  impossiMe?  Ik-tter  take  a  trip. 
The  Roycroft  sh(.ip,  Ka<t  Aurora,  New  York.  The  former,  printed  on 
English-made  B(.i.\moor  paper,  bound  in  limp  chamois,  silk-lined,  hand- 
lUummed  and  ornament.  Limited  echtion;  price,  $2.00  per  copy.  The 
latter,  same,  except  printed  on  Roycroft  paiier.  Ji.co  a  copy. 


BOOK  sori(i:i<.  cj.-j, 

Memorials  of  the  The  Rev.  A.  Stapleton.  a  reputed  historian  and 

Huguenots  in  America  genealnojst,  has  added  new  laurels  to  his  fame 
by  the  puhlication  of  this  excellent  work  of  un- 
told research.  Many  will  rise  to  thank  him  Ic.r  the  clue  to  their  ance>try, 
lontr  lost  in  l;c/peless  oblivion  or  unravelable  mystery.  I'he  sturdv 
Ku^uenot  descendants  may  condiine  some  day  to  place  a  monument 
over  his  ashc-.  when  or.ce  his  iaiior.s  are  ended.  .\nd  many,  hke  the 
writer,  will  feel  ])rfu;d.  after  reatling  this  work,  that  they  have  .a  strain  of 
this  blood  in  their  \eins.  In  one  brief  parasjraph  this  line  of  our  descent 
is  clearly  given  from  first  .American  ancestor  nearly  two  centurie-  aero — 
for  what  we  did  not  clearly  know,  this  hook  supplies.  This  is  the  DcLon.u- 
family.  with  uhdni  our  mother  connects.  The  work  gives  a  condensfd 
account  (.if  the  nu-nK)rable  struggles  of  these  French  Protestants  for  ?ev- 
eral  centuries  of  persecution,  and  defence  of  their' faith  and  the  dread'ul 
calamities  that  befell  them.  Their  fught  and  the  immigration  tt)  America 
is  clearly  de[.ucte(I.  together  with  their  influences  on  .American  life  traced. 
Pennsylvania  settlers  receive  especial  attention  and  the  work  is  inten.>ely 
interesting.  The  book  is  an  octavo  of  164  pp.,  illustrated  with  a  number 
of  full-page  illustrations,  and  can  be  had  m  two  styles  of  binding.  Cloih- 
board.  at  $2.00.  and  limp  cloth,  at  $1.25  a  copy,  from  the  "'Huguenot 
Publishing  Company,  ol   Ilarrisburg.  Pa.,"  or  the  author  at  Carlisle.   Pa. 

Poetical  History     Prof.   D.  B.   P.runner,  whose  birth,  residence,  teaching. 
of  superintenilency    of    county    schools,    representation    of 

Berks  County.  district  in  Congress,  travels  and  authorship  ac(|uaint  him 
with  the  minutest  data  in  the  county's  history,  has.  as 
chairman  of  the  Sesqui-Centennial  Committee  of  the  country's  estalilish- 
ment  (March  11),  summarized  the  chief  events  of  its  checkered  and  e\ent- 
ful  history  in.  poetic  measure  of  34  printed  pages.  The  work  is  credit- 
ably done--the  history  is  better  than  the  p(?etry — and  for  its  his- 
torical \alue  chiefly  it  will  be  sought.  It  is  altogether  a  very  clever  trib- 
ute for  tins  public  servarU  to  lay  at  his  country's  feet,  when  celebrating  the 
150th  birthday,  and  many  will  want  the  pamphlet  at  10  cents  a  copy.  Ad- 
dress tlie  author  at  Reading,  Pa. 

£>         *         * 

The  illustrinns  .Architect  of  the  Xatiimal  Capitol,  at  Washington,  D.  C, 
Mr.  Beni.  Latrobe.  w;is  a  Peiirisylvania-German.  He  was  the  son  .if 
a  Huguenot  AToravian  minister,  whose  wife  and  nmther  of  architect,  was 
the  daughter  of  Henry  .Antes,  of  Falkner's  Swamp,  in  Montgoirery 
county.  Pa.,  a  friend  of  the  noted  Count  Zinzendorf.  The  daughter  ac- 
companied Zinzendorf  to  the  Old  World  m  1742.  to  complete  her  educa- 
tion, where  she  met  iier  future  husband  and  where  this  celebrated  sun 
was  born. 

Nor  is  this  so  wonderful,  when  another  Pennsylvania-German  Archi- 
tect. Mr.  Abner  .A.  Ritcher.  of  Lebantm,  Pa.,  is  just  now  engaged  in 
i'uilding  a  cimrch  at  Wa.diinglon  in  which  the  President  will  wor^hiii. 
and  whiisf  pastor  is  another  Penn-^yh  ama-German.   Ke\-.  Mr.   Schick. 


-^    -^ 

LITERARY    NOTES 

^    -^ 

The  hiyli  sfiuiiii(.'ins  of  our  President  in  his  address,  "Tlie  Xew  Citi- 
zen." printed  in  tlie  \\)iitirs  Comitanion.  are  fittingly  published  in  the 
Washington's  liirtliday  Number.  George  Washington,  by  ^.i^  pure  lite 
and  wise  conver>ation  and  ambition  f(jr  the  new  cminlry,  t'airly  wtMi  his 
title  of  Father  of  his  Country.  Theodore  Roosevelt,  the  best  exponent  of 
our  twentieth  century  activity,  has  equally  high  ideals  for  the  nation;  and 
in  liis  address  and  in  his  life  he  lays  particular  stress  on  the  induidual  liis 
.stewardship,  his  usefidne^s  in  home  and  public  life.  Washington  and  Lin- 
coln led  our  nation  over  its  most  ditiicult  paths.  It  has  been  left  in  re- 
cent years  for  --uch  men  as  Theodore  Roosevelt  to  embody  the  highest 
ideals  of  prix.ite  and  public  citizenship. 


The  ^[arch  Country  Life  in  America  heralds  the  coming  of  spring,  and. 
with  added  pages,  ot^'c-s  a  profusion  of  superb  pictures  relating  to  all 
sorts  of  wild  and  domestic  life  of  the  woods,  the  fields  and  of  country 
places.  The  estate  feature,  this  mouth,  is  the  "Xew  England  Garden 
Home"  of  Mrs.  Jack  Gardner.  sh(_iwing  the  Italian  and  Japanese  landscape 
architecture.  Several  really  notable  features  are  by  experts  in  photog- 
raphy. Of  these  .V.  Radclyt'fe  Dugmore  contrdnites  "The  Life  of  the 
Trapper"  with  idiotographs  of  a  one-armed  tra[)per  and  his  two  St.  Ber- 
nard dogs  in  the  snowy  Canadian  woods;  camera-shots  of  big  game  by  A. 
G.  Wallihan.  illustrate  an  article  on  "The  Passing  of  the  Blacktail";  and  a 
series  of  beautiful  photographs  of  flying  fish-hawks  are  the  work  of  Alfred 
J.  Meyer,  whose  camera  was  placed  withm  a  few  feet  of  their  almost  in- 
accessible nesting  sites. 


The  leading  editorials  in  the  March  "^\'<Jrlf^s  Work."  deal  witli  the  new 
international  position  of  the  United  States — the  changed  attitude  of  Eu- 
ropean nations  to  the  Repuldic.  The  \  isit  of  Prince  Henry  furnishes  oc- 
casion in  part  for  this  and  leiuls  interest  to  an  article  about  the  Kaiser. — 
"The  German  I-'mperor  as  He  Is"--by  Wolf  \'on  Schierbranil.  and  a  short 
editorial  article  entitled  Anglophobia  in  German}-.  The  leading  illus- 
trated features  of  the  number  are  Prof.  Robt.  T.  Hill's  description  of  tiie 
great  .American  desert,  and  an  article  l)y  .\rthur  Goodrich  on  the  tvpicallv 
A.nierican  sculpture  of  So'on  B(jrglum.  the  cowboy  sculptor — a  story  trac- 
ing the  development  of  the  man  and  his  art. 


If  sufficiently  encouraged.  Messrs.  J.  H.  Beers  &  Co.  will  soon  bring 
out  a  work  on  Biographical  Aniials  of  LebaiK.Mi  County,  Pa.,  that  should 
do  full  justice  to  ll\-ing  and  past  citizens,  who  here  acted  out  their  part 
as  leaders  of  their  kind. 


JnS 


'A'. 


>'^:^¥: 


?t% 


■*^"  '■"'-! 


Hi''-;* 


■"faes:^  '^a^  S 


<«'   J    C-€>-^*J*"    &' 


Vol.  in. 


JULY,  1902. 


No.  3. 


CONTENTS. 


Frontispiece,         .        .        -        • 
Editorial,  .... 

Famous  Perinsylvania-Gernians, 

Rev.  Johm  C.  KcEze,  D.  D. 

Poetic  Gerns,  .... 

Der  Fiert  July. 

Der  "Gigeregee." 

.\\y  Aldty  Gtik.  '     .. 

Busch  un  Schtedtel. 

Historical  Pilgrimages, 

Over  the  Oiiy  Pike. 
Mountain  Mary, 

Mary  Young,        .        .        •        - 
Mary  of  the  Mountain,  . 
Book  Notices, 
Literary  Notes,    .        . 


Margaretta  Kunte 

•   97 

99 

.    .  109 


"3 

133 

138 

143 
144 


5  '-'  'XfJ   >'  ^V'- 
'■-"■^ir- '  l:-ii  ■■■■ 

;\  \  -(■:■  ,4 1 


^wc;:,   -^^'s.  7 


'^5ar-'^©»«e; 


/■ 


.1- V  A  Ui' 


■tA, 


MARGARETTA  HENRIETTA  KUNZE 
Second    Daughter  of   Rev.   Dr.  Henry   M.   Muhlenberg 

Born  at  Trappe,  Pa..  Sept.    17,   1751 

Married  to  Rev.  J.  C.   Kunze,  D.D.,  July  23.    1771 

Died  in   New  York  City.  Oct.  23,   1831 


.THE. 


Pennsylvania- German 


RKV.    r.    C.    CROl.L.    A.M. 


>";l)^^'ARD    E.    CROLI. 


Tdiin:    }!."'  i"-i    ijetn-   ill   tiih-diirr:  f!  -jr,  uflu-   flu,,    iKoiith. 


Vol.  Ill 


LEBANON,    PA.,  JULY,    1902 


No.  3 


:Ku!.t  -1  nt  the  C.^roti.  .•  ;ii  t,. 


REVOLUTIONARY  HEROES  HONORED. 

jX  }\Iay  1st  there  was  unveiled  at  Ei)hrata  a  fine  granite 
shaft,  recently  trected  in  memory  of  150  or  more 
heroes  of  the  Revolution  and  wotmded  soldiers  of 
'^r^y:^'i^^|  the  hattle  of  lirandywine.  who  with  others  were 
LiAibbL^M  taken,  hither  for  nursing-  by  the  German  Convent 
Sisters  of  this  place,  and  who  died  here  and  were  here  buried. 
Plitherto  there  was  no  marker  of  any  kind,  and  but  for  the  etlorts 
of  local  patriots  of  this  place,  whose  national  and  local  pride  stim- 
ulated their  effort  for  fifty  years,  this  neglect  might  have  con- 
tinued. At  last  success  crowned  their  efforts — tin  State  appro- 
priated $5,000  for  the  purpose,  and  now  ]\[t.  Zion,  famous  in  the 
annals  of  the  widely  known  Seventh  Day  Gt-rman  Baptist  Capu- 
cians.  is  crowned  with  this  memorial  shaft,  duly  inscribed.  The 
exercises  consisted  of  addresses,  poems  and  music,  and  were  at- 
tended by  Governor  Stone  and  his  staff',  Lieutenant-Crovernor 
Gobin.  and  other  distinguished  otffcials  of  the  State,  and  hosts  of 
her  patriotic  citizens.  The  principal  adtlressts  were  b_\-  b.x-Gov- 
ernor  Pattisuu.  Lieutenant-!  i(,i\ernur  ( leneral  Gnbin.  General  John 
E^..  Roller,  of  \irginia.  and  Culonol  <  )"Xeill.  The  weather  was 
most  auspicious,  the  country  roI)ed  in  Spring  beauty  and  Ijlooiu, 
and  the  occasion  will  long-  l)e  remem'ierevl  a^  a  memorable  one  by 
diis  tvpical  I*emis\lvania-German  tcwn  of  inland  Penns_\lvania. 
F'"or  an  illustrated  account  of  l'"])hrata  and  its  celebrated  Lr(_)testant 
monastic  and  convent  life  with  illustrations,  see  \  e>l.  L  Xo.  2  of 
this  magazini.. 

97  . 


98 


lUK  I'EXXs  yjj'.i  \j.  I  -a  ki:m  a  a  , 


\\\\  ]\'nn>\ivania-(  icrinan  does  not  believe  in  selt- 
prai^e.  True  to  its  cliaracteristic  brini^nng  up,  it  be- 
lie\\,-s  in  the  proverb,  which  our  forefathers  found 
^j^^ITKa' I  "^  >cn]jture,  and  conscientiously  instilled  into  their 
descendants:  "Let  another  man  praise  thee,  and  not 
thine  own  mouth."  Iku  such  has  been  the  laudation  rolled  in  upon 
the  little  literary  infant  we  have  fondle<l  and  nursed  into  life,  that 
we  are  constrained  for  the  stripling-'s  sake,  and  the  clearing-  up  of 
the  hesitating  reader's  mind,  who  may  chan.ce  to  see  this,  but  not 
yet  a  subscriber,  to  let  a  few  extracts  of  letters  received  appear. 
We  are  glad  its  friends  have  found  so  much  pleasure  and  profu. 
We  wish  we  could  get  every  one  with  a  strain  of  our  stock's  blood 
in  his  veins  to  see  a  copy  and  judge  for  himself.  This  is  what 
has  recentiv  been  said  bv  a  few  subscribers: 


"Go  on  with  the  good  work." — J,  C.  K. 

"I  am  much  pleased  with  the  current  number,  as  well  as  with  all  the 
predecessors." — F.  W.  B. 

"Seldom  has  a  magazine  given  me  more  genuine  pleasure  than  the  cur- 
rent number.  .-\il  my  Pennsylvania-German  blood — one-half  of  all  I  have 
— coursed  more  rapidly  through  my  Aeins  and  arteries  when  I  read  "'S 
Latwerk  Koche  fer  Alters.'  " — F.  T.  H. 

"The  last  number  is  verv  tine.  It  is  brighter  and  better  now  than  at 
first."— J.  A.  S. 

"The  October  number  is  very  pretty  and  interesting.  You  are  doing  a 
good  work  in  issuing  such  a  magazine." — C.  R.  T. 

"I  thank  you  in  advance  for  anticipated  enjoyment." — R.   C.   N. 

"God  speed  the  work." — C.   E.  H. 

"The  October  number  of  the  Pennsylvania-GermaTi  is  an  e.xceedingly 
interesting  number  and.  its  illustrations  are  very  fine." — E.  II. 

"I  like  your  magazine  very  much."- — F.  A.  L. 

"Hope  I  will  be  able  to  help  you  to  some  subscribers  of  your  very  in- 
teresting magazine."— C.  S. 

"The  publication  is  more  than  holding  its  own." — O.  H.    M. 

"I  am  much  interested  in  the  paper." — J.  D.  N. 

"The  magazine  is  verv  interesting,  and  mv  friends  in  Germany  enjov 
it  also."— Mrs.  G.  M. 

"I  have  only  one  objection  to  it — it  comes  too   infrequently." — A.  S. 

"Had  volumes  one  and  two  bound— and  I  never  wi.'^h  to  part  with  it." — 
E.  M.  E.. 

"Reading  your  periodical  gives  me  almost  the  pleasure  of  a  short  visit 
to  that  once  home  of  my  childhood  days." — A.  S.   B. 

"It  is  the  best  gotten  up  historical  publication  of  the  kind  I  ever  saw." 
— W.  J.  R.. 

"It  was  much  enjoyed.  To  say  nothing  of  the  poems,  the  Muhlenberg 
sketch  and  the  trip  d(nvn  the  Schuylkill  were  intensely  interesting  to 
me."— F.  T.  H.  .  -  ^ 

"Your  Pennsylvania-German  is  a  most  excellent  journal." — R,  S. 

"We  do  enjoy  reading    t  so  much!" — Mrs.  G.  E.   R. 


Famous  Pennsvlvania-Germans 


RKV.  JOHN  C.  KUNZE,  D.D. 

DV  l£i:XRIKTTA  M.  OAKLEV. 

|( JilAXX  CHRISTOPM  KL'XZE.  scholar  and  divine, 
a  [)iun(.er  in  the  Lutheran  Church  in  this  country, 
was  born  on  the  5tli  of  August,  1744,  at  Arteni, 
near  Mansfeld.  Germany.  His  early  education  was 
at  the  High-schools  and  "Gyninasiunr''  of  Rosleben 
and  Merseburg  and  continued  at  the  University  of  Leipsic.  where 
he  remained  about  three  years.  Three  more  years  were  spent  as 
a  preceptor  at  tlu  celebrated  classical  school  at  Klostenbergen, 
near  Magdelterg.  He  was  then  appointed  inspector  of  the 
Orphan  House  at  Greitz. 

1  he  influence  of  a  devotedly  pious  mother  had  so  impressed  the 
tnind  of  her  son.  that  in  early  manhood  he  resolved  to  give  him- 
self to  the  sacred  ministry.  He  pursued  his  theological  studies 
while  engaged  in  teaching,  and  was  pronounced  "a  candidate  of 
theology  well  grounded  in  knowledge  and  experience." 

The  faculty  at  Halle  having  received  an  application  for  help  in 
their  work  in  Pennsylvania,  "immediately  turned  to  voung  Kunze 
as  well  fitted  to  occupy  that  important  field."  He  accepted  "the 
appomtment,  was  examined  before  the  consistorv  at  Wernigerode. 
ordained,  and  on  May  5th,  1770,  with  prayer  and  solemn  service, 
set  off  to  his  distant  mission.  Like  his  predecessors,  his  course 
was  first  to  London,  where  he  remained  some  weeks  under  the 
care  of  the  friendly  C()urt  chai)lain,  Ziegenhagen. 
_  On  the  2yth  of  July,  1770.  Mr.  Kunze.  with  two  sons  of  "'the 
faithful  Patriarch  Muhlenberg."  eiubarked  for  his  new  home. 
After  a  perilous  voyage  in  which  -the  mast  was  eight  times  broken, 
the  sails  often  torn."  they  arrived  in  Xew  York  on  the  23d  of 
September  of  that  year.  .\  cordial  welcome  was  extended  to  Mr. 
Kunze  by  Pastors  Grimm  and  Gerock,  of  Xew  York,  and  he  was 
urged  to  remain  and  help  the  church  in  that  city.  This  he  de- 
clined to  do,  as  he  nad  accepted  the  appointment  as  third  pasror  of 

99 


100 


TIIK  I'h'X  XS)  J.l  J  M  AG  i:  l:  M  A  \ . 


the  "qreat  coni^Tci^'il'^'H  '^f  -^t-  Michael  and  Zioti's"  in  Phihidel- 
{ihia.  While  in  Xew  'S'urk,  he  preaclK<l  for  Pastor  Gerock,  Sun- 
day evening-,  frinn  Matthew  6:26. 

On  the  next  da\  he  prdceeded  on  his  journey.      Mr.  Kunze  wrote 


m,'M'r';Ki<y!afF^.^Tr^.-.^\^^/ii^7rfl,^f^^ 


k 


*3gS'-- 


^*..- 


^^  ii&rl^itShi&ixxid^^ii 


REV.  JOHN  C.  KUNZE,  D.D. 


thus  of  his  reception  l)y  Mr.  Muhlenher^- :  ""lie  recei\ed  nie  as 
thouy^-h  he  were  n\y  father  and  I  his  son.  A  thousand  times  may 
the  Lord  he  praised  that  I  have  come  to  this  His  --erNant."" 

Mr.  Kun/e  entered,  upon  his  labors  in  I 'luladelpliia.  (  'cttduT  8th, 


i:i:l'.  JOIIX  C.  Kl'SZK.   J).[).  '  101 

1770.  Mr.  Shul/t.'  had  removed  to  Tulpehockcn,  th.oiioii  still  called 
second  pastor;  and  the  time  of  Mr.  Mnhlenhery;  was  almost  con- 
stantly occu])ied  in  his  "oversight  of  all  the  clun-ches."  so  the 
burden  fell  greatly  on  Mr.  Kunze,  who,  however,  had  the  assist- 
ance C)f  the  \'(Mmi:::  '^^^'ns  of  Father  Mnhlenherg. 

In  the  snnimer  of  1771.  Mr.  Kunze  was  married  to  the  sec(jnd 
daughter  of  the  patriarch.  Marg-aretta  Henrietta  Muhkiiherg,  a 
young  woman  of  great  charm  of  person  and  cliaracter,  then  not 
quite  twenty  years  old. 

From  the  first,  Mr.  Kuiize"s  mind  was  set  upon  the  establish- 
ment of  a  school  preparatory  to  a  theological  seminary  and  to 
continue  the  metln'id  of  religious  instruction  common  in  the  paro- 
chial schools  of  Germany.  Mr.  Muhlenberg  had  written  in  1747. 
"The  want  of  good  schools  is  a  most  grievous  concern  and  one  of 
the  greatest  hindrances  in  the  buikling  of  God's  Kingdom  .  .  . 
When  the  good  God  helps  us  so  far  that  we  in  each  one  of  our 
principal  churches  can  have  a  free  school,  so  should  we  in  manv 
points  be  much  relieved." 

The  schools  established  by  the  predecessors  of  Mr.  Kunze. 
notably  by  I'ast(.r  Hrunnholtz  in  1772.  had  struggled  along  in 
inadequate  quarters,  but  on  February  i6th,  1773.  a  new  school- 
house  was  opened  and  the  v.'ork  here  was  more  successfullv  car- 
ried on  until  interruiHed  by  the  war.  Dr.  Kunze's  jo\'  was  great 
''that  even  during  the  war  the  schools  could  be  supported, ""  but 
later  "the  times  were  too  turbulent""  and  for  a  sea.son  they  were 
discontinued. 

In  1776.  '"in  consec(ULnce  of  increasing  physical  infirmities  and 
the  civil  commotions  that  existed,'"  Mr.  Muhlenlierg  resigned  his 
charge  in  I'hiladelphia  and  Dr.  Kunze  became  first  pasteir,  Mr. 
Ilelmuth  taking  tlie  secinid  place. 

In  1780.  on  the  reorganizatiini  of  the  I'niversity  of  Penns\l- 
vania,  Mr.  Kunze  was  given  a  German  professorshi]).  He  and 
Mr.  Ilelmuth  shared  the  work  and  the  salarv  of  the  office,  b'rom 
this  university  Mr.  Kunze  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divin- 
ity. About  this  time  he  labored  on  the  re\ision  of  the  ( iernian 
hymn  books  ami  their  translation  into  I'!iiglish.  He  succeeded  in 
establishing  a  school  for  theological  students,  carried  on  clMefiv 
by  his  own  effnrt^.  and.  to  eke  out  a  li\ing  in  tlMv,_  jiard  times,  hr 
also  imdertoiik  the  editorship  of  a  ( "lerman  ne'w  <paper.   in   which 


]02 


THE  PKX  N  SYLl'  A  S I A  -  G  /•.'  /.'  .1/  - 1  A' . 


Mr.  IJclnuuh  assisted  him.  Tliis  was  g'i\en  up,  hdwevcr.  so  souii 
as  the  times  im])ri)ved.  Mr.  Kunzc  rcmaiiK-d  in  the  city  during 
its  occuj)ancy  by  the  T.ritisli,  tlKniyh  his  coadjuturs  and  many  tjf 
his  tliick  had  heen  ohhyed  U.)  tk'e.  His  ministry  in  IMiiladelphia 
continued  fourteen  _\ears,  "during'  wliich  lie  commanded  great 
respect  antl  exerted  a  wide  and  powerful  intluence." 

In  .1784  Dr.  Kunze  accepted  an  lu'gcnt  call  ti'  Xew  "\'ork  to 
take  charge  of  the  German  churches  in  that  city.  The  first 
Lutheran  church.  I'rinitv.  on  the  corner  of  Hroadwax-  and  Rector 


'^■^'  V  '       .-  - -"  ■ ! 

fi  .'■■..   ■-  -  '    -^! 


Mr 
%■ 


Old  L:iU;m-;u:  Chiui,;!  ;!i.J'j.v"iXrv'i' 


THE  "OLD  S^AMP  CHURCH,"  NEVC'  YORK  CITY. 

street  (uppd'-ite  Trinit}'  F-jMscopal  chui'ch).  had  been  destro\'ed 
in  the  great  firt  of  1776.  and  the  scattered  tlock  were  aljout  to 
unite  with  the  ci jngregatitni  of  Christ  I'hurch,  the  "old  Swanij) 
Church.""  which  occui)ied  "a  verv  substantial  str)ne  building," 
fleeted  in  1751.  rm  tlit  corner  of  h>ankfort  and  William  streets. 
This  building  stood  until  its  removal  itecame  necessary  for  the 
erection  <.>(  the  I'.rooklyn  bridge.  Here  Dr.  Kunze  worked  faith- 
full\-  for  tweiite-tliret  _\-"ars.  till  death  called  him  hence. 

Du.rin^  the--e  \ears  lu-  was  instrumental  in  esta])!isliing  an  inde- 


7? AT.  JOIIX  C.  hi  XZh\  D.Jh 


103 


peiuk'nt  Ministerium.  of  which  he  was  Senior;  was  a  trustee  of 
Cohimhia  Colleg^e  ;  professor  of  German  and  Oriental  lang-iiag-es 
in  that  institutiiju  :  was  one  of  the  originators  of  the  Society  for 
Useful  Knowledg-e  and  of  the  Xew  York  German  Society.  Me 
was  appointed  German  Interpreter  of  the  ne\vl\-formed  American 
Congfress  in  i/So:  \vas  a  i)ioneer  in  the  estahlishment  of  I'.nglish 
services  in  the  Lutheran  Church,  and  was  an  instructor  of  remark- 
alile  ability..  ""Many  of  the  pastors  of  the  Lutheran  Church  owed 
their  thec-lotjical  education  to  his  love  of  the  work."" 

Dr.  Kunze  was  pre-eminently  a  scholar  and  teacher,  "and 
Avithal  a  faithful  and  much-loved  pastor  and  an  ardtntl}'  helpful 
citizen."  Llis  literary  work  was  abundant,  comprising-  the  publi- 
caticni  of  theological  treatises,  a  small  volume  of  poems,  a  revised 
h}-mnal,  tracts  on  pneumatics  and  astronomy:  original  calcu- 
lations on  the  solar  eclipse  which  occurred  in  June,  iSo6.  and  'die 
had  not  been  indifferent  to  an  ijivestigation  of  medical  jurispru- 
dence."' He  was  on  intimate  terms  of  friendship  with  a  Jewish 
Rabbi  and  prominent  men  of  all  creeds:  was.  indeed,  considered 
by  some  of  his  brethren  in  faith  as  "too  liberal  to  other  denomina- 
tions," though  never  unfaithful  to  the  tenets  of  the  church  to 
■v\  hich  he  held  allegiance. 

Dr.  Kunze  died  "in  peace,  deepl}'  mourned.""  July  24th,  1807. 
The  funeral  sermon  was  preached  by  the  Rev.  William  Rundell. 
from  Daniel  12  :  3. 

He  was  buried  in  the  Lutheran  cemetery  on  Carmine  street, 
and  his  faithful,  loving  people  erected  a  stone  to  his  memL>r\- 
bearing  an  inscription  in  German,  a  translation  of  which  is  as 
follows : 


"And  they  that  be  wise  shall  shine  as  the  brig-htness  of  the 
firmament:  and  they  that  turn  many  to  righteousness  as  the  stars 
forever   and   ever. 

"To  the  memory  of  their  never-to-be-forgrotten  pastor.  John 
Christopher  Kunze.  D.D.,  Professor  of  Oriental  Languages,  Senior 
of   Lutheran   Clergy   ^n    the    Stste   of   New  York, 

"This  stone  is  dedicated  by  the  people  of  his  late  charge  in  testi- 
mony of   their  veneration   and   love. 

"He  was  born  in  the  year  1744,  and  fell  asleep  July  24th,  1807. 
in  the   sixty-fourth   year   of   his.  age. 

"Here  lies  a  servant  cf  God  who  loved  his  Saviour,  was  faithful 
unto  the  grave,   and  gathered  many   souls. 

"Think,  therefore,  to  your  solace,  ye  who  mourn  his  death,  we 
shall  fird   him   with  Jesus," 


J04  THE  VKS }; SY Lv A s  1 A  G i:i: M A s .  ■  I 

1 

Many  wars  later  the  cemetery  on  Laniiir.t'  street  was  taken  hv  : 

the  city  and  cirders  i^ivLti   u>r  tlie   removal  of  all  hodies   interred  v 

there.      The  remains  of  Dr.   Kunze  were  placed  with  those  of  his  ; 

wile,  who  had  died  in  1832,  in  the  Lorillard  vault  in  the  church-  ; 

yard  of  old  St.  Mark's,  on  Stuyvesant  avenue. 

Of  the  works  of  Dr.  Kunze  sometliing-  has  already  been  said. 
but  conveying'  no  idea  of  the  stupendous  amount  and  the  varied 
quality.      The  records  are  almost  incredible.      While  in  I'hiladel-  ^ 

phia,  chief  pastor  of  an  immense  congregatioti,  "the  largest  in 
America,"'"  two  churches  in  fact,  in  tacli  of  which  were  held  two 
services    and    Sunday-school    each    Sunday ;    with    iiis    parochial  •: 

schoc:)! ;  his  "Seminary.""  where  he  single-handed  prepared  young  ,; 

men  for  the  ministry:  his  duties  at  the   I'niversity  ;  instructions  ■ 

for  Confirmation;  a  Bible  class  and  innumerable  parish  duties,  to  •.■ 

say  nothing  of  the  ( ierman  paper,  no  wonder  he  wrote.  "Truly 
the  burden  of  the  work  is  very  great.'"  and  again  of  the  editorship.  ' 

ret^rring  to  the  fifty  pounds  each  it  yielded  to  himself  and  Ilel- 
muth.  he  sa\'s,  "which  could  not  be  taken  away  by  the  hartl  times, 
although  we  felt  very  anxious  when  we  thought  of  the  hard  wcjrk.  -' 

Time   for  study  will  be  niu.ch  curtailed,  but   this   I  can  joyfully  ' 

say  that  for  the  parish  I  work  day  and  night.""  Of  his  coadjutor, 
Helmuth,  he  wrote:  "We  are  satisfied  each  with  the  other  and  I 

work  in  unity.      What  one  preaches  the  other  confirms,  and  thus  I 

working  we   are   blessed   in  the   harmony   especially   among   our  | 

vouth.      This  has  prevented  manv  disturbances."'  i 

And  all  these  labors  were  carried  on  in  the  midst  of  the  dis-  -^ 

tractions  ijf  a  great  war  and  under  man_\"  privations.      In  1777  the  | 

great  Zion  church  became  a  hospital.     St.   Michaers  served  as  a  ' 

garrison  for  the  English  troops,  although  the  congregation  coul^l  i 

use  it  once  on  Sunday.     "The  bloody  war  is  still  raging  and  yet  •, 

more  fiercely  the  scarcity  of  mtMiey.  a  good  dinner  costing  two  •: 

dollars  in  paper  money,  half  a  dollar  in  silver."    Mrs.  Kunze  wrote  'i 

at  the  time,  "It  is  hard  to  get  bread  and  meat:  we  have  forgotten  \ 

how  butter  looks,  but.  thanks  be  to  i.]nd,  we  have  enough  pota-  I 

toes.""     A  cord  of  wood  cost  sixty  ilollars.  a  hundredweight   of  I 

Hour  twenty-one  dollars,  an<l  a  bushel  of  salt  (a  contraband  article.  | 

and   very^  scarce ) ,   thirty-six    dollars.       I'.ut    even    in    these   hard  I 

times  the  Kunzes  gave  to  the  Continental  soldiers  clothes  and  food  i 


i.'A'i'.  JOllS  C.  KlWZi:,  D.I).  105 

as  tlicv  were  al)lc,  aiul  were  sometimes  foreed  also  to  feed  the 
enemy. 

The  sj)irit  of  Mrs.  Kiiiize  is  illustrated  in  an  anecdote  preserved 
in  the  famih'.  When  the  I'.ritish  occupied  I'hiladelphia,  liouses 
of  the  ""rebels"'  were  examined  to  see  what  supplies  could  be 
utilized  for  the  English  army,  chalk  marks  were  made  on  the 
outer  door  to  signify  the  number  of  men  to  be  left  at  the  house 
to  tleniand  a  meal.  On  one  such  occasion,  it  is  told,  Mrs.  Kimze 
boldly  rubbed  out  the  mark  with  her  apron  as  soon  as  the  otticer 
had  ttn-ned  his  back.     Tradition  does  not  give  the  result. 

The  Muhlenberg  family  was  intensely  patriotic.  Colonel  Peter 
Muhlenberg  was  very  active  in  the  American  army,  and  his  father 
was  so  radical  that  "the  name  was  made  very  sus[)icious  among 
the  Hessian  and  English  officers  in  Philadelphia,  who  threatened 
bitterl}-  with  prison,  torture  and  death  if  thty  catch  the  old  fel- 
low." The  patriarch  and  his  son  were  forced  to  leave  the  city, 
'"the  mild  Kunze,  although  his  son-in-law,  waittd  patiently,  yet  he 
had  much  to  suffer.'" 

L'pon  coming  to  Xew  York,  Dr.  Kunze  found  traces  of  the 
r?-.vages  of  war.  One  church  and  one  parsonage  were  burned. 
The  remaining  parsonage  had  been  taken  for  the  teachers  of  the 
school.  The  congregation  was  "'four  times  smaller  than  in  Phila- 
delphia, but  very  liberal."  They  gave  their  new  pastor,  '"besides 
other  things,  three  hundred  pounds  in  money  and  eighty  pounds 
for  house  rent  and  wood."  Dr.  Kunze  resided  for  several  years 
at  24  Chatham  Row,  and  later  at  too  Chatham  street,  where  he 
died.  He  had  also  a  '"country  home"  in  what  is  now  Christopher 
street.  This  street  was  named  for  him.  The  same  property  is 
now  occupied  by  St.  John's  Lutheran  church,  parsonage  and 
school.  The  town  house  was  illustrious  as  the  abode,  while  Con- 
gress was  in  session,  of  Frederic  Augustus  Muhlenberg,  first 
Sjuaker  of  the  House,  and  other  notable  Congressmen  who 
boarded  with  the  Kunzes.  It  was  a  familiar  resort  of  Baron 
Stuben,  an  intimate  friend  of  the  family,  and  other  notable  men 
of  the  time.  Dr.  Kunze's  great  learning  attracted  men  of  letters 
to  him.  It  was  said  of  him,  "(  )f  all  the  missionaries  sent  out 
from  Halle,  he  was  one  of  the  most  gifted  and  the  most  sclml- 
arly."'  One  who  kitcw  him  well  wrote,  ""Th.e  various  acquirements 
of  tl]i<  geniKman.   and   particularlv   his   (  >rieiital    learning,    have 


106  TJit:  }'j:yxsYLrAMA-<;KJ:MA.\. 

long  rcndcrccl  him  an  ornament  to  the  American  Republic  of  let- 
ters."' lie  was  called  the  best  Hebrew  scholar  of  his  time.  "In 
Church  affairs  his  e_\e  encompassed  a  large  range,  and,  with  a 
wide  intellect  he  cumbine<l  an  energetic  will."  As  a  teacher  he  was 
remarkal)!y  exact,  with  well-defined  ideas  upon  every  subject 
which  camt  up.  "His  mind  was  eminently  lucid  in  its  opera- 
tions and  his  ample  stores  of  knowledge  always  at  his  command.'" 
Dr.  Kunze  was  not  a  great  orator.  He  was  in  his  preaching  dis- 
tinguished rather  for  richness  and  comprehensiveness  of  thought 
than  for  a  highly  attractive  manner."  He  preached  without  ges- 
ture, but  with  a  fearlessness  and  earnestness  which  carried  con- 
viction. His  sermons  were  unwritten  and  very  lengthy.  Though 
unwilling  himself  to  preach  in  English,  he  had  the  foresight  to 
perceive  the  growing  necessit}'  for  the  use  of  that  language,  and 
it  is  said  that  Dr.  Kunze  first  moved  to  give  the  Lutherans  in 
America  a  religious  literatin-e  of  their  own  in  the  Englisli  lan- 
guage. "Wrangle  alone  preceded  him  by  publishing  Luther's 
Small  Catechism  in  English."  He  read  always  with  pen  in  hand, 
and  voluminous  notes  of  his  reading  on  various  subjects  are  still 
preserved. 

In  character  he  was  mild,  gentle,  amiable  and  benevolent,  with 
a  childlike  simplicity,  ciiaritable  to  the  poor,  kind  to  all,  of  active 
piety,  honorable  and  upright,  "one  whom  no  one  could  ever  re- 
proach for  unfair  dealings  or  crooked  ways."  and  had  withal  an 
earnest,  indexible  spirit  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties,  resolute  in 
resisting  the  unbelief  of  his  times.  It  was  one  of  his  characteristics 
that  he  was  inclined  to  be  credulous  and  was,  therefore,  easily 
imposed  upon.  He  would  leave  the  most  obtrttse  calculations,  or 
interesting  research,  to  hear  an<l  sympathize  with  the  tribulations 
of  his  people,  no  matter  how  trivial.  He  was  even  accused  of 
giving  "too  much  hetd  to  their  idle  gossip,"  but  was  amply  re- 
paid by  their  devoted  love.  This  dtvotion  was  forcefully  demon- 
strated when  he  left  Philadelphia  "amidst  many  tears,  and  accom- 
panied by  many  for  a  great  distance,  he  left  the  sphere  of  activity 
wdiich  had  l)een  so  blessed  to  him."  He  "never  meddled  with  politics, 
but  was  greatly  interested  in  every  effort  to  aid  the  cause  of  intel- 
lectual impro\ement." 

Dr.  Kunze  "was  deservedly  recognized  as  among  the  very  first 
of   scholars   and   cherished   b\-    the   learned    and   liberal   of   everv 


i>'AI".  JOliy  C.  KISZE,  D.I).  107 

<lcnomination  uf  Christians  as  an  example  of  the  refined  influence 
whicli  elevated  pursuits  stamp  on  human  character. ""  He  left  a 
library  containing  works  in  many  languag-es,  and  pamphlets  of 
inestimable  value.  He  had  also  a  valual^le  collection  of  coins, 
which,  after  his  death,  was  presented  to  the  New  York  Historical 
Society. 

Sprague"s  Annals  gives  the  following  amusing  story  of  Dr. 
Kunze's  efforts  to  enlighten  his  fellow  men  thrcnigh  the  daily 
press : 

"Dr.  Kunze  held  a  newspaper  controversy  on  the  Gregorian 
period  of  the  centurv  iSoo.  It  is  well  known  that  the  disstusion 
enlisted  much  feeling  among  the  astronomers,  both  abroad  and  at 
home.  Dr.  Kunze  addressed  a  communication  on  the  vexed 
question  to  the  editor  of  the  New  York  Gazette.  He  had  ad- 
verted to  the  Gregorian  st}le  in  his  letter  and  had  inadvertently 
referred  to  Pope  Gregory.  The  Gazette  printed  it  Tom  Gregory. 
The  doctor  requtsted  an  erratum,  and  the  editor  then  g^t  it  Tom 
Gregorv  the  Pojie.  The  learned  divine,  with  a  heavy  heart,  in  a 
final  interview  with  the  editor,  begged  him  to  make  no  further 
improvements,  as  he  dreatled  the  loss  of  all  the  reputation  his 
years  of  devotion  to  the  subject  had  secured  him." 

Dr.  Kunze  wrote,  on  July  27th,  1790,  "New  York  has  many 
attractions  for  me.  There  is  harmony  in  the  congregation  and, 
notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  young  people  join  the  English, 
there  is  much  aft'ection  shown  me.  I  have  with  me  the  Sp&aker 
and  two  other  Congressmtu.  and  this  helps  along  in  the  house.  .  . 
I  have  always  had  difficulty  in  making  ends  meet  in  America, 
except  during  the  few  last  years  in  Philadelphia,  where  the  prcv- 
fessorship  helped  along.  I  confess  I  spend  too  much  money  in 
books." 

A  letter  to  a  daughter.  August  iSth,  1806,  shows  how  tender  a 
father  he  was.  After  entering  into  her  girlish  interests  and  feel- 
ings, giving  her  the  home  news,  he  closes  with  this  loving  appeal : 
'Tf  you  will  be  confident  and  open-hearted  to  a  father  who  loves 
you  so  tenderly,  as  to  relate  a  little  t!ie  state  of  your  mind,  whether 
content  and  easy,  whether  impressed  with  some  sensation  of  the, 
love  to  vour  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  whether  you  pray  to  Him.  whether 
you  feel  His  love  t  >  you.  vour  letter  shall  create  joy  and  comfort 
to  mv  soul.      I  wish  mv  children  mav  all  live  in  Him,  wlio  died 


lo.s 


THE  l'KX\SVLVAMA-(;i:i,'MA,\ . 


for  tlivni.  and   u  hn,„  their   father   felt  iic  loved  when  he   was  as 
young  as  they  are  now. 

"I  am,  with  all  the  Underncss  a  parental  heart  is  susceptible  of. 
""N'our  loving  father, 

"JOIIX  C.  KtXZE." 

Following  are  the  Kunze  descendants  • 

T.     Maiiia. 
II.     M.  Catharine. 

III.  Cathakixe  Eliza,  marne.!  May  I'l,  ISOI.  Caspar  Meier. 
1.     ATiiflia  Henrietta    (Meierj. 

-.     Mar^aretta   Henrietta,   ni.   Luureiitius  H.   vun   Po&i-. 

a.  llennann  Casjier. 

b.  Eliza  Catharine,  from  whom  des-cended  the  Schwabs. 

c.  Henrietta  ^targaretta,  married  another  Sehwab. 

d.  Amelia  Elizabeth,  from  whom  deseen<led  the  S.-liraders. 

e.  Emily  Maria,   from   Mncm   descended   the   Paules. 

3.  Emily  Maria  (Meier),  m.  Albert  Smith,  with  a  large  descent. 

4.  John  Frederick  Meier. 

5.  j:iizabeth  Lucie  Meier, 

6.  Cliarles  Henry  ^Meier. 

7.  Eliza  Catharine  :\[eier. 

8.  Mary   Kunij^unde   M.'ier,   married   .James   Punnett,  of  Baltimore, 

with  a  consideralile  descent. 

IV.  Anna  :\Iakia  Cathakine. 
V.     Haxxah  Chkistiaxa. 

VI.     Charles  Hexky. 

VII.       JOHAXXA    ReATTA. 

VIII.     Marl\  Magdalexa. 

IX.  Catharixe  Feedekica  (Kunze),  m.  Daniel  Oaklev. 

1.  Margaretta  Sara,  from  whom  descen.led  the  widtes  and  Mathews 

and  Perkins  an. I  }rorleys.  ' 

2.  John  Wilmot,  with   a    numerous   descent,   including   Oaklevs,   one 

authoress  of  foregoing  sketch,  and  Walkers. 

3.  Patience. 

4.  Wilmot. 

5.  Mary  Kunze.  from  wnom  descended  Taylors  and  Farnsworths,  of 

Boston. 

6.  Charles  Henry. 

7.  Henrietta   Meier,  from   whom  descended   the  Coursons  and   Robe- 

sons. 

8.  Daniel  Lorillard. 

9.  Catharine  Fredorica.  married  Rev.  Dr.  A.  P.ulkiey,  of  Rutherford, 

X.  J.     A  numerous  descent. 

X.  Anxa   Ma;;(;\;;kt-  a.  m.  .Jarul,   Lorillard. 

';      -^""^'    '■^"''^"■^'■••.    f'-'Mi    ah.,n    d,.s,.,.„dcd    th«.    Cammanns. 
■2.     Margaretta   Henrietta,    from   whiun  descended   the  Wards. 


DER  FIERT  JULY. 

UEV.  A.  c.  wucinEi:. 

Pop,  [xip 'ra-pop,  poji-pop!  S'unr  (piles  hoeb  g'toxt. 

Xow  geht's  mohl  -uiiMor  oli;  Er  liut  die  leit  niulil  g'tioxt 

l>cr  fiert  .luly  I'll'  tzucker,  tay, 

Kinnint  widiler  hei,  Un  scliuoseht  noi-h  nioh, 

Doll  knipiit's  niich  olla  ecka  iiovis,  Wie  glass,  bDhbicr,  ni 'lussii'h,  rum, 

Dor  griss '1  gehr  oin  scliior   gor  ous.  ^'n  I'l"-'!^  un  hem,  un  liolir  om  korn. 

Do.  j^mg  Amerika  f;""  ^"*  yuseht  mK-h  g 'In.ht 

Ts  aw  no"  faul  for  -Irali ;  ^'°  '  \":V"^  sehtraieh  g  inocht ;  - 

■TV.      ,             ,,         w'  ,       ,,.  I)e.s   lusehasehtuft 

J\  on  s  jnischt  rec ht  knullt  f.,;^.^^  's  ohr  g  Vufft 

lai  boast  un  schollt,  ^Von 's  net  boll  biss 'l  manners  lernt, 

Dos  .s  vol.  wos's  l.ovva  will-  ^-^  ,,„^ ,,  ^|,,  ^;^,.„^.^,  ^^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^;_ 

bnioebt  aryer  Seiner  OS  Bunker  Hill.  tzernt."     ' 

Pop,  pop'ra-pop,  sizz,  — bunun!  ^^'l  ^^■:"'  g'mink,  rles  bind 

Xow  rous  niit  peif  un  drunun,  Schpout  p;iar  mold  in  die  bond, 

Won's  gebt  f  er 's  lon.l  -"^'''i  gold's  nu.bl  ob, 

Dob  waer's'n  sebond  ^"^ '"  '^'^■'"^  y^^^"^  .1'^^^ 

Won's  gor  ken  patriota  gaebt-  ^^^"^    tieorgc    rubft    nob    fer 's    gom- 

Do9  is 'u  sign  die  Union  laebt.  ^^  ^            pertoss, 

L  f r      scUie      news      turn      Yorktown 

J,    ,      ,               1  . ,    ,                   ,  g'sobiioss. 
>>o  n  dawg  gebt  s  kenner  meh 

Uff  der'a  seit    'm  seeb ;  Boll  gous  Amerika 

T'u  drivva  not.  Is  glei  nocb  soU'm  drab 

Un  won  's  aw  debt  I'n  nioebt  uns  nob 

Don  waer's  doeb  yusebt  so 'n  jubilee  \Vie 's  kon,  so,  so, 

W  uli     yebdors     gebt     un     nenuiit 'n  Un  grickt  sieli  aw  so 'n  sebaidabrief, 

scbprie.  Mit  blei  un  pulver,  uhna  sebrief. 

For  bunnert  dreisi,b  vobr  ^''^  'i^"  ^o  ""'^  g'moebt, 

T>oh  war  des  lon.l  in  g'fobr  ^"^•'  '="'"'''^  ""  *^^'l  yocbt; 

Mit  sock  un  poek,  Yusebt  dob  kummt 's  net, 

Un  sebip  un  bock  ,,      Der  fiert  July                  _ 

l-'n,   K'   ,  .,;  1,  /■,.,.                        »  Den    but    ni  r    vuscbt    bei  ni     L  nele 

r.in  Jvoenieh  Lieorge  soi  norr  tzu  sei.  ^^ 

Tzu     lehwa     vusebt     utf     welsebkorn  ,,        ,.       "-^^I"'          ,                ,    , 

1      •'  In  s  IS  aw  ken  so  u  patent  sham. 

Po[),  pop"ra-[)op.  pop-pop! 

Er  but  g'mebnt  <lie  leit  Xow  s.-bies  die  eraekers  ob; 

Die  waera  blnuer  tzeit—  S'  waer  "n  sind  un  sebond 

A'   biss'l   dumm  Won's  fodderloud 

Un  sebep  un  krumm.  Hen  dnwg  net  gute  in  ebra  bolt 

l>ob  kennt'r  moeba  was 'r  wut, —  Bis  dos  die   I'nion  tzonima  folt. 

Oer  sebroubscbtoek  dreba,  un  er  but.  (Jilbert,  I'a. 


no  THE  rKSSSYJAAMA-GERMAS. 

DER  "GIGEREGEE." 

BY    GEO.    MAYS,    M.D. 

We   lift   im   niciin  schlot,  Morgets  in  oiler  trie 

Kunit  en   schdini   ous'm   hot,  Kreht  der  gigfrtgec. 

Un  saugt  zu  mier,  ■'Schteh  ut.  'sis  Brouchst      net      long      wortc      don 

morge  trie  wersht  au  gleich  hehre 

'"Duh    fouler    kcrl.   hersht    net    der  En  onre  gons  naichst  der   duht  de 

gigeregee""?  luft  scluehre, 

Ich  winsh  er  debt  ufhehrf,  Mit'ni  gig-er-e-geel 

Mich  net  so  feel  scluehre.  Dos  wekt  niensli  un  tie. 

Er  hut  en  schdini   de  schold,  Seller  weg  gelits  fort 

Weit   dorch's   thai   un   wold.  Dorch  der  gt^i^e  ort. 

Der  lienker  niaug   schlofe   wen   der  \\'e    weiter    we   leiser.     bis     endlich 

hahne  kreht  werts  ol, 

Un  sel  lerinc  uf  de  b-dim  un  im  hof  L  f     ebniohl      kunipt      z'rick      dcm 

augeht.  ershte  sei  schol. 

Ich  glaub  OS  der  schuft.  So  loud  un  so  klohr 

Schbeerd  de  niorge  luit.  Dos  es  klingelt  ini   ohr. 

Monch  niohl  in  der  nocbt  Mit  ol  seinner  lerm. 

Hut  er  niich  wockrich  g'moclit  Krotst  er  tleisich  for  werni. 

Un  uft  gons  ferschterht  in  der  nut  Is    ininier   wochsom    dos    nix    duht 

fon'ni  traum,  bosseere, 

Dos   ich   denke   nius,    der   kcrl   hut  Zu    seini    broot    den    er   net    mecht 

g'wiss  ken  shaum.  ferleere, 

Won  er  bet  wehr  er  schdil  Un  won  er  eppes  tindt 

Weil   ich   nuch   schlofe    will.  Don  rooft  er  si  g'schwindt. 

Er  kumt  ininier  do   hehr,  Der  kerl  is  en  fechter, 

Us  won  er  koenich  welir.  Un    g'wiss  au  ken   schlechter. 

Mit    deiii    kup    in    der    heh    un    sei  Er  hut  en  zorn  we'n  ries,  un   gebt 

schwons  in  'm  zwerl  net  gern  uf 

Wos'n    wunnerfulles    g'schtold    hut  Kon   ous   holte    we'n   gowl'    ferluss. 

seller  kerl.  dich  druf 

Sei  brusht  schiept  er  nous  Wen  er  fechte  duht 

Gons  mechtic.h  dort  drous.  Don  schprits  au  gleich  bluht. 


Ken  wuiiner  is   er  schpri,  Sei   schbuhre   sin    g'sclierft 

Un  imnier  schtids  debei,  Un  won  er  si  werft. 


i 

^ .^ __..           ^ _..  ^. ...  _..^.  I 

Wen  er  seht  we  er  uf  deni  banner  Don    Miege    de    fetre    hoch    in    der  ■■; 

schteht  luft  I 

Oder  webs   we   sei  bild   ufni   fahne  Un   nioncher  winsht  er  wehr  kleer  ? 

weht.  fon   dein   schuft.  ) 

Sis   net  yader   mon  Ich  saug  der  er  hut  \ 

Der  sel  erriche  kon.  Feel  schponk  for  ^o'n  krut.  i 

I 

Ich   wehs  er  is   gros  Guck  yusht  ehmohl  he.  \ 

Uf  ni  misht-houfe  bios.  W'e  seller  gigeregee  \ 

Uniriugt    mit    ol    seine    weiver    un  Mit    ol    seine    weiver    im    hof   duht  5 

_kinner,  schopottseere  'j 

Ken    wunner   dos   er   kreht   we   der  So    slilick    os'n    Mormon    kon    ehr  | 

shinner.  sich  eischnieere  | 

Won  er  dort   he  kumt  Sis  you  gims  driwer  nous  \ 

Eindt   er   kens   os'n    schtunipt.  Mit'sellem   hahne   dort  dmus.  ■ 


POETIC  GEMS.  Ur 

Si  sauge'sis  lets  Is  ferhofticli  en  naaf  iin  bleibt  ini- 

Un  guns  gege's  gesetts,  nier  ferocht 

Os   en   nion   so   feel    weiver   ul    th-  Der  liahiic  hut  reclit 

nichl  nemt  Seller  innn  i>  bios  schleclit. 
Ich  glaub  ovver  net  dos  der  hahne 

sich  schenit  Der  gigeregee. 

Well's   gebt   you   feel    mcnner'  Is'n   nutwen-diches    he 

Dc  lehwe  net  shenner.  Truz     ol     seiner     lenn      iin     grosi 

wertsehoit 

Grand  nuch   seiner  notuhr.  Weil  er  de  leit  so  feel  naajung  bci 

Lebt   seller   hahne  sure.  schoi't' 

Ovver   der    mon     wo     deni     hahne  Drum   wehs   ich  os'r  kreht 

noch  niocht  So  long  os   de   welt   schteht. 

MY  ALDTY  GEIK. 

(Composed    by    E.    M.  E.      Revised  by   Dr.  E.  G.) 

De  aldt  geik  leit  dart  uf'm  Shonk,  Der    Saeliga    ruh — un    nuch    paur 

Mit  lieb  gook  ich  se  aw;  dawg, 

Se's  inimer  reads — saesht  tlu  net? —  So  komma  niir  aw  datzul 

Der  bowga  naeva  draw! 

Was    niacin's    as    ich    so    froehlich  .\lls     dich     hob     ich     kae     bes'rer 

bin?  ireund, 

Mv  hertz,  was  macht's   so  froh:"  r^"^'-^'"'  '^'""^^  ^'"^''^  ''"  "^^  ^^■'-■'^• 

E'n  yades  mohl  as  ich  se  seh,  ^^'    'J'^"^   ^^^   shtreitich,    bisht   net 

Do  is  m'r's  immer  so!  ...         l^oldt.                     .       ,      , 

Warsht  aw  net  base — tershteh.-' 

„     .        ,,,■,,       u  Holsht    aw     kae    shpite,  batreegsht 

rcrbrucha  do.  de  tarrb  do  ob,  mich  net 

Se  glitzert  nimmy  may:  0„s  aerbshoft  nder  gelt,— 

Gacrackt.  fergrotzt.  fiel  uigapatcht.  idi  krin  tzu  dir!  mv  zutlucht  in 

Se  shpielt  vo  duch  so  shay!  'Ra  druwelsoma  weldt! 
Aens  froagt,  "War  mul  de  Geik  im 

^Un  onVa'shpott-  un  lacha;  °'^    ''''"schl'^ht '^"'''    "'"'"'^'^'""''^'^ 

Un  maena  ev'n  se  waer  net  tit  -vr  .  r-    m     *^^     '■         ^  r        i-  i 

For  fire  m.t  aw  tzu  macha!  ^^  "^^   ^'w'  ''>"''  "!,    '?^;^',^^^'    .^ 

Du  lachslit  mit  niir.  du  hedsht  nut 

niir, 

De    oldt    Geik    nem    ich    yetz    turn  Feelsht  olfordt  grawd  we  ich! 

Shonk,  Gahorsom.     willich,     shpielsht     so 

Mus    shpiela — yusht    ae    slitick, —  garn 

Ich    shtup.    un    haeb    se    uf    niy'm  Waesht     wohl    tzu    weni    das    d* 

gnee.  kaersht— 

Un  denk  on  tzeita  tz  rick.  Bisht  immer  mv,  du  lie   sht  vo  mich 

De  hertzlich.  shay,  tergong'na  tzeit,  13^,^-11  olfordt' 's  ietslit  un's  aerslit. 

So  full  blesseer  un  g  shpass. — 

Nay.   net  all  g'shpass.   nuch   sonsht  Wardt's  widder  raegrich    koldt  un 

was  aw.-  ^^.g^,-ht 

\etz  warra  my  awga  nass!  p^^  nemond  nous  gae  mawg. 

So  suit's  mich  grawd,  ich  nem  mv 

My  lieby  Geik!  du  hiltzig  s  Weib!  Geik 

Won   du  yusht  shprecha   kensht!  Un   slipiel  der  gonsa  dawg! 

So  daetsht  fertzaela.  long  un  hel—  Was   will    ich   may?   Fergneegt   bin 

Wass    d'    waesht.  un    feelsht.    un  ich. 

denksht!  My  Geik  is  my  Iilesseer; 

Fun    monch'a    as  du    froh    g'macht  Kae   loiiges   g'si'cht.   kae   schwaeres 

hiisht  hertz. 

De  sin  \et/  in  der  ruh;  Kae  Einsomkeit  bv  mir. 


112                               llll':  rKSXSyiJASIA-GI'.UMAS.  '                   I 

"  ■  i 

Mit  iiota  wfg— shpicl  ous  'in  kup—  [Jvr  i-heiishta  blot/,  dar  is  dahamo,                 ] 

Mil  foos  ut  butta  slitumpa:  Dahaiiic  wo  moosic  iss; 

Ell  doiitz-sbtick  :io\v.  en  uldter  jig,  Des  liaobt  uns  ut.  dcs  is  der  wacp                    \ 

Was   inacht's  de  yunga  chunipa!  Tzu  berrlicbkeit  sawiss.                                  r| 

Gleicli  des  tzu  saena— lu?  se  gae,  Wass    won    m'r    hct    feel    londt    uii                 i 

Ihr  t/.eit  komnit  aw  yetz  glei;  gelt                                                             § 

Mir  waura  aw  n.ul  grr.ud  we  se  Un  doch  kae  freed  dabei,                               ? 

Full  lae\a,  wusslieli.  freil  Do  gaebt  ich  net  my  oldty  Geik                       ':< 

For  "n  grossy  bouerei. 

Ach!  waer  kae  nioosie  in  der  weldt  .r-             i    i      i  •,    •     .-         i"      •       ,                          '' 

Do  niisst   m-r  drouneh  sei!  ^  waerd  dtuil<  1.    s  hre.  des  is  sl.eer                  : 

^Fr    niaent    der    nion    wo    inoosic  t\       i  '        i         <     i               <     .                               i 

j^i^^^^j.  IJc  ulir— shun  liuluer  acht! 

w         j'    '           111^111  So  slii)ote.''   D(j  nius  ieh   vetz  in   's 

Waer  dum  un  shlecht  dabeil  '          ,      "                     - 

TT   1         1      •          1-1             M  nesht —                                                       -4 

Hob  secntzig  vohr  tuiu  laeva  g  hot,  Ar,-  r..ii    ;^i,    -         ••        .         i»i"                  ^. 

T'         ^       :                  -11?  -^'>   ^t-'k.  ich  .-awg     goot  nachtl                      ; 

Ln  waes  tun  wass  icli  shuetz;  t„i,  i„„„  ^i-   i       •  ,^"       .    .         ,       , 

r\                   1                        1               •    .  Rli  laeg  dich  widder  uf  oer  siionk 

JJer   nienscli   wo    ijaur   kae   moosic  p-     ;   i,  ,i-  i       -ii          -n 

1   •  ,  ,       ^  i'ls  leii  dich  widder  wi  1 


1     •    1  i'l^    i>^ii    UH.U    \\  luuci     Will; 

1  H     ■  II       If.  Dart    shloaf.    mv    shatz.    my    lieby 

"Goot  naeht!"  'S  is  alles  shtill! 


Geb  acht  I — 's  is  ebbes  letzl 


BUSCH  UN  SCHTEDTEL.  BACKWOODS  AND  TOWN.  '; 

BY  HEXi;v  iiARBAUOH.  (Translated  by  If.  A.  S.)  4 

Dheel  Buselilcit  hen  keen  Luseht  de-  Some  baekwuods  I'ulk  can 't  stay  at  ;" 

heem,  liome,                                      '  s 

ISie  hankere'  nnoeh  tier  Schtadt;  They  hanker  for  the  town;  'i 

Vor  Diei'  Dheel,  ieh  hali  iminer  noeh  But  I   for  one  liave  ever  yet  % 

Kee  Xosehen  so  gehatt.  Kept  all  sueh  notions  down.  5 

'S    niag^ut    genung  ini    Sehtedtel  'n.e  town  is  good  enough  for  some;  ! 

,,  ,    ^^}~',           .         ^       ,  Tfie  eountrv  green   for  me.  i 

Geb  mir  das  gr.ene  Land;  x;,,^    streets   and    houses,    walls    and  ! 

J)o  IS  net  ailes  ilaus  un  l)aeh.  roofs  ^ 

Net  alles  Sehtroos  un  Wand.  ^^11  round  me  there  I  see.  I 

J. 

Was    hot    m'r    in    der    Prhtadt    vor  -j 

pj.pp(^}j  V\hnt  pleasure  ean  one  have  in  town.'  < 

'Sis  nix  as  Liirm  un  .Fa,-ht,  n.,^^'""',*^  distracts  me  quite.  \ 

M  'r  hot  kee'  Ruh  <le  ganse  Dag,  The  racket  will  not  let  you  rest  | 

Kee  S.-ldoof  die  ganse  Xa.ht"  ^^'^  *'^'^-'''  "^'^^  ''^''^^■I'  "'^  '^'g^'^-  I 

I 

Die  Buwe  guke  matt  uii  Ideech;  The  town  boys  all   look  weak  and  } 

Die  Miid  sin  weiss  un  dinn;  [Kile;  >) 

Sic  hen  wol  seheene  Kleeder  a'.  The  girls  are  pale  ami  thin.  [ 

'Sis  awer  nix  rerhts  drin.  Their  duds  indei'.l  are  very  tine,  -' 

I'.ut    milliner   right's   therein.  I 

Die  Sehtadtleit  sin  zu  zimberlirh ;  i 

Sie  rege  schier  nix  a';  Those  town  folks  are  too  delicate,  l 

Sie  brauihe  net  ihr  weisse  Ilend,  They  scarcely  touch   a   thing;  \ 

Aus  Fonht,    's  kmumt  e[vpes  dra '.  They  dare  not  use  their  lily  hands  f! 

For  fear  of  roughening.  | 

^lir  is  zu  wenig  ("Jrienes  do,  .    | 

^Kee'  liUimme  un  kee'    Beem ;  There  is  too  little  green  for  me;  | 

Wann   ich    'n   Schtuud   ini   Schtedtel  No  Howers.  no  trees  I  see.  I 

bin  To  si>end  an  hour  in  town  I  find. 

l.»:iiin  will  irii  widiltr  he.ru.  .Tnst  hmg  enough  for  me. 


Historical  Pilgrimages  imo 

...Pennsylvania-Germandom 


OVER  THE  OLEY  PIKE  TO  BOYERTOWN 
AND  BACK. 

Our  liistcuic  aiitiuiuilnle  is,  in  rno  ios}K'i-t  at  k'list,  i.iit'  the  frog  in  tiie 
woU,  \vlii((i  U;st  l>y  iiicjht  in  ^^lidiny;-  hack  wliat  it  had  gained  V>y  ihiy  tn\v;irdy 
getting  out.  Although  our  hist  trip  brought  us  fully  twenty-tive  iiiilrs  tn 
the  northeast  of  Reailing,  some  freshet  or  other  jniwer  has  again  SAvept  us 
hack  t(t  old  Berks'  proud  cajiital.  iSo  we  start  today  on  another  trip  from 
this  pi'pulous  center,  whicli  has  1  een   ffil   from   e\ery  section  of   ,lie  county 


y^^^^ll^^CT  >:-^\ 


'i.-':-"- 


---:■'-  :  ■  -".f--  ••-V-  :s;,N^X ^^--i^^;  '■  ■•  "' 

;,''/■•■•■"•  '■%";■•       '-,    .  ,   -•  '  "      •'-•■•' '^*y  •*■".'« 


^'4 


.-^5^ 


■-r-. ^    . 


'.'•<;--,  J. >r,>-f 


"-?§1 


«._w.*«W?o;fc:.-^,'  iT^t^  :■ 


.-ilSUHOIACW  V^,^ 


'  t    ..  ■    -  .  .1^  -».    ■^.     -.  ,  '.■-i^A''f 


for  a  hundre<l  and  fifty  years  until  today  it  is  not  far  from  the  100,000 
mark  — the  best  municipal  speein;en  of  Pennsylvania-iiennan  grit  and  push 
that  caa  an}T\here  be  found.  And  a  more  prosperous  and  progressive  eity 
than  Reading  it  ■wouLl  be  hard  to  find  among  any  jieople. 

Our  trip  is  tn  extend  over  tlie  Oley  Pike  to  P.oycrtown  ami  back  by  a  dif- 
IiTi'iit  ruute,  giving  us  ymssihly  forty  miles  of  iniert-stiug  travel,  thrnugU 
\erv  historic   <.'cti(.r!^. 


]14 


THE  FK}; S SY LV AS  1 A-OEUM AS . 


Although  a  newly  opened  trolley  line  would  cheerluUy  convey  our  party 
to  this  border  borough  in  the  direction  of  the  risting  sun  from  Keading,  we 
prefer  the  old  Avay  of  travel,  whitdi  will  take  a  man  wherever  our  thrifty 
forefathers  cut  open  a  highway  for  carriage,  bicycle,  high-top  boots  or  Pe- 
gasian  cluiriot.  If  any  one  is  fortunate  enough  to  have  a  nephew  with  a 
high-bred  and  high-priced  nag  to  carry  him  over  this  trip,  as  the  writer  had 
when  he  made  the  initial  trip  of  exploration,  just  as  Nature  was  putting  on 
its  summer  vestures,  he  will  enjoy  it  all  the  more.     Such  a  day  will  then  lie 


W^esmss^ms^mmi^^^^sss^ssssi^^^^^^^nsmmsSt 


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t  ' ,  — 


:iu 


in  memory  as  an  oa?is  in  a  desert,  or  a  fruitful,  flowering  isle  in  a  waste  of 
dreary  waters.  Let  us  hope  that  our  present  metliod  of  riding  in  fancy's 
silk-lined  coach  is  not  the  poorest  that  can  be  taken. 

Passing  up  east  on  Penu  street,  Reading,  to  the  base  of  Gallows  Hill,  now 
hinied  into  a  well-kept  city  park,  in  the  midst  of  which  are  the  basins  of 
the  city's  water  supply  and  the  county  jail  building,  we  turn  ilown  to  the 
southeast  by  one  of  Reading's  most  charming  residence  streets — Perkiomen 
avenue.  At  the  base  of  Xeversink  Mountain,  a  mile  away,  stands  an  his- 
toric old  hostelry,  the  Black  Bear,  where  our  highway  again  cun-es  to  the 
east  and  winds  through  a  picturesque  gap  of  the  surrounding  peaks  of  this 
South  Mountain  Range,  viz,  Mts.  Penn  and  Neversink,  whose  celebrated 
crested  resorts,  like  castles  of  medieval  days  frown  down  upon  you.  Through 


OVER   THE  OLKY  PIKE.  115 

this  gap  roile  the  IV'iins,  Washin^rton,  ari,l  all  the  eelrbratcil  and  humble 
travelers  who  iu  colonial  times  and  the  early  dajs  of  the  Republic  traveled 
between  Philadelphia  and  Eeadiug. 

Speeding  on  our  way  we  soon  emerge  I'rom  this  romantic  cleft  in  the 
hilla,  where  the  Plessian  soldiers  were  imprisoned,  and  look  out  upon  the  vil- 
lages of  Stony  Creek  and  St.  Lawrence.  At  the  latter  English-dubbed  place 
the  noted  Pennsylvania-German,  Mr.  A.  J.  Brumbaeh,  ha.s  successfully  car- 
ried on  for  years  his  extensive  liosiery  mills.  The  former,  too,  is  noted  for 
its  woolen  mills.  Beyond  the  village,  which  lies  a  mile  to  tlie  east  in  a 
pocket  of  the  hills,  the  spire  of  Spiess,  or  Zion 's  Union  Church,  greets  the 
traveler.  The  present  church  is  a  stately  brick,  conspicuously  located  on  the 
brow  of  a  high  hill  and  surrounded  by  a  populous  God's  acre,  or  city  of  the 
dead.  The  structure  is  the  third  in  order  since  the  church's  establishment 
in  1774. 

Presently  our  highway  comes  to  a  parting  in  the  road,  one  branch  being 
the  Philadelphia  pike  which  leads  through  Exeter,  Douglasville,  etc.,  while 
our  Oley  jiike  takes  the  left  and  lies  due  east— a  well-kept  ami  delightful 
highway,  tit  for  the  chariot  of  a  king.  We  have  not  traveled  far  when  we 
pass  the  Jacksonwald  Hotel  which  shows  signs  of  age,  and  our  pike  Uned 
by  characteristic  Pennsylvania-German  homesteads,  we  come  to  another  old 
church  site,  located  to  the  right  of  our  way.  Its  old  graveyard  holds  the 
ashes  of  this  portion  of  Exeter  township  's  early  generations  of  toih^rs,  who 
doubtless  gave  this  region  its  present  name  of  Schwartzwald,  after  famiUar 
and  resembling  regions  in  the  Fatherland,  the  name  still  borne  by  this  cen- 
tury and  two-thirds'  aged  church,  already  in  existence  when  Henry  Melchior 
Muhlenberg,  in  17-12,  lirst  came  to  this  country  as  Lutheran  Church  organ- 
izer and  missionary  superintendent.  It  would  give  us  great  pleasure  to 
act  Old  Mortality  and  retrace  some  of  the  fast-fading  inscriptions  on  these 
oldest  tombstones,  and  then  sit  down  and  dream  and  conjecture  about  the 
experiences  of  these  sturdy  pioneers,  who  here  took  up  their  abode  with  few 
scattered  Swedes  and  many,  at  this  early  period,  comparatively  friendly 
Indians  as  neighbors.  What  a  contrast  their  life  and  abodes  and 
hardships  with  the  ease  and  comforts  and  luxuries  of  some  Eeading  busiues3 
men,  who  have  here,  five  or  six  miles  from  the  city,  alongside  the  trolley- 
lines,  erected  tlieir  palatial  summer  homes!  We  give  our  readers  an  idea 
of  the  finest  of  these  Vjy  presenting  a  full-page  cut  of  the  country  residence 
of  Mr.  Charles  Breneiser,  Sr.,  wholesale  tobacconist,  of  Eeading. 

Between  a  mile  and  two  farther  on  we  come  to  a  cross-road  village  and 
hotel-stand,  known  as  "Oley  Line."  It  is  on  the  border  of  this  township, 
this  story-laden  Eldorado,  this  garden  spot  of  Berks  — Oley.  By  turning  to 
the  right  we  would  get  to  Stonersville  and  eventually  to  Philadelphia.  By 
turning  to  the  left  we  would  get  to  the  hillside,  whence  rise  many  of  the 
streams  that  water  this  fertile  garden.  But  we  take  the  Scriptural  course 
and  turn  neither  to  tlie  right  nor  left,  until  a  mile  beyond,  at  another  parting 
of  the  ways,  punctuated  by  that  poetic  marker,  a  country  blacksmith  shop, 
where  we  deflect  for  nearly  a  mile  to  the  south  to  visit  one  of  the  rarest  of 


OVER  THE  OLEY  PIKE. 


117 


historic  slirines.     This  is  the  cclebrate.l  George  L)e  Benneville  homestead—, 
the  birthplace  of  Universalisin  in  America. 

This  home  was  erected  in  1745,  by  a  young  Huguenot  nobleman,  Dr. 
George  De  Bennevillo,  who  ha.l  but  recently  emigrated  to  tliis  country,  a 
son  of  a  I'rotestant  fugitive  from  France  in  those  troubU.us  days,  who  had 
been  personally  invited  and  sheltered  by  William  111.  uf  England.  George 
was  born  of  noble  parentage  in  1703,  and  his  parents  dying  young,  he  was 


.J;''-^'^^.  4 


i  ■ilinilililiiniil!!! 


^•iTv.-^-"---^;^ 


ii!!|l!!!:!i! 


KT^ii'MtfA'f'^jftytffc  4*1^^11^^^ 


HOUSE    OF    DR.     GEO.    De  BENN  EVI LLE— Erecred     1745. 
Birthplace  of  Uni^ersalism  in  Amricn. 

brought  as  a  chiM  under  the  personal  care  of  Queen  Anne,  uiio  gave  him  an 
excellent  education  in  both  theology  and  medicine.  He  waa  conversant  and 
fluent  in  almost  all  European  languages  and  began  to  preach  to  the  perse- 
cuted Huguenots  of  France  at  the  early  age  of  seventeen  years.  He  was 
arrested  and  condemneil  to  death,  but  saved  in  the  very  nick  of  time  by  a 
reprieve  fnnn  the  king  (Eouis  XV.).  obtained  through  the  English  Ambas- 
sador at  the  instigation  of  Queen  Anne.  After  his  releas-e,  he  preached  to 
the  scattered   Huguenots   of   Germany,    lL.Ihui<l   and    Flander-^   for  eighteen 


118  IRE  FE}^  y  HYLV  AN  I A-GKIIM  A^ .  | 

years,  Trhen  od  account  of  failing  health,  he  emigrated  to  the   New  %Vorld,  ; 

with  a  conviction  of  divine  guidance  in  the  nuilter.  Upon  his  arrival  in 
Philadeljihia,  as  told  by  a  descendant  of  Christopher  Sower,  this  celebrated 
Gennantown   printer   of    that   period,   was   by   repeated   dreams  induced   to         "  ; 

search  out  this  unheralded  and  unknown  sick  refugee,  took  him  to  his  home 
and  restored  him  to  health,  after  whirh  the  latter  remained  for  a  time  in 
his  employ.     Here  he  met  Jean  Bertolet,  a  religious  pioneer  of  Oley,  who 
induced  him  to  take  up  his  abode  in  Oley  as  a  teacher  and  physician.     In 
1745  he  married  Mr.  Bertolet 's  daughter,  Esther,  built  his  fine  stone  home- 
stead near  a  beautiful  spring  that  gushes  from  rocky  limestone  caverns,  and  \      ^ 
in  a  large  room,  fitted  out  as  a  chapel  within  the  same  homestead,  he  began  k 
to  preach  the  doctrine  of  universal  redemption  to  such  of  his  friends  as  fiock-                   '.; 
ed  to  hear  him.  He  lived  here  but  ten  years,  when  he  removed  to  Germantown,  \ 
where  he  practiced  medicine,  but  devoted  much  time  to  preaching  his  favorite                    •; 
theme  of  Universal  Eestoration,  dying  at  the  age  of  ninety  years.     The  De  ■ 
Benneville  descendants  are  many  and  very  celeliratcd,  especially  those  of  the              ^ 
Keim  branch.     ]Mr.  Converse  Cleaves,  of  Philadelphia,  intermarried  into  this 
branch  of  the  family,  has  imblished  a  booklet  on  the  life  of  this  celebrated 
ancestor,  in  which  are  narrated  some  remarkable  experiences  in  this  eventful 
life.     His  fervent  piety  and  deep  learning  may  be  appreciated  by  a  long 
letter,  contained  herein,  anil  addressed  to  Ezekiel  Sangsmeister,  of  Ephrata, 
Pa. 

The  Oley  liomestead  is  now  in  the  hands*  of  Mr.  Eckert,  a  wealthy  Keading 
gentleman,  who  has  remodeled  the  same  for  a  country  home  ani]  converted 
the  chapel  into  a  rustic  clubroom,  known  as  Willow  Lodge,  and  devoted  the 
same  to  bodily  rest,  conviviality  and  luxurious  ease,  as  one  would  infer  from 
the  furniture,  and  the  mottoes  that  adorn  the  wall,  one  reading: 

' '  Old  wine  to  drink,  old  wood  to  burn. 
Old  books  to  read,  old  friends  to  greet. ' ' 

A  first-class  Pennsylvania-German  tenant.  ]Mr.  Dutt,  farms  this  rich 
plantation,  occupying  a  portion  of  this  and  an  adjoining  house.  The  out- 
buildings are  all  new  and  in  an  up-to-date  condition,  consisting  of  a  large 
Sweitzcr  barn,  wagon-shed,  model  hennery,  spring  house,  with  beautiful 
gardens  and  trout  dams,  all  in  prime  condition.  Surely  here  it  would  seem 
could  rest,  comfort  and  contentment  be  found.  This  cradle  of  Universalism 
was  visited,  June  VI,  1S90,  by  over  a  hundred  pilgrims,  who  as  delegates 
attended  a  Universalist  Convention,  then  held  at  Keading. 

Finding  our  way  back  to  the  pike,  we  ride  on  a  mile,  when  we  get  to 
Griesemersville,  a  small  villagr  founded  by  the  settement  here  in  1730  of 
Casper  Griesemer,  an  Alsatian  immigrant.  His  descendants  still  occupy 
the  fine  old  homestead,  erected  later  by  a  son.  Presently  the  pike  takes  a 
northern  turn  and  leads  to  Pleasantville  and  Pikeville,  the  latter  about  four 
miles  away.  On  following  this,  we  come  first  of  all  to  the  historic  Oley 
churches,  where  the  Lutherans  and  Peformed  have  gathered  for  worship 
many  years,  the  Kev.  P.nel  a,  of  the  Rrfurim  d  faith,  as  early  :ts  1734  lieing 
pastor  hero. 


0]'Eh'  THE  OLEY  PIKE. 


119 


C)n  April  13,  17.">4,  John  Leslior,  a  Calvinist,  conveyed  by  deed  132  perches 
of  land  to  Gabriel  Boyer  auil  Casper  Griesemer,  in  trust  for  the  society  of 
Christian  people  inhabiting  Oley.  Upon  this  lot  a  small  meeting-house  was 
built  in  1735,  in  which  visiting  ministers  of  the  Keformed  and  1-utheran 
persuasion  occasionally  preached,  but  no  regular  preacher  was  secured  until 
1771,  when  Kev.  John  William  Boos  assumed  that  task  and  preached  eleven 
years.  The  Lutherans  also  continued  to  worship  in  the  old  church  until  ISl'l, 
when  they  became  a  distinct  body.  In  May,  1S22,  the  Reformed  congre- 
gation vacated  the  old  church  and  laid  the  corner-stone  of  a  new 
church,  while  the  Lutherans  secured  a  lot  adjoining  from  Jacob  S.  Spang, 
and  on  May  27,  1S21,  the  corner-stone  was  laid  for  a  Lutheran  church,  which 
was  dedicated  May  27,  1S22.  On  January  26,  1S22,  Kev.  Conrad  Miller  was 
installed  as  the  first  pastor,  serving  twelve  years. 

In  the  adjoining  God's  acres  lie  buried  the  dust  of  the  worthy  ancestors 
of  many  a  wealthy  and  pironiinent  scion,  who  may  scarcely  know  where  his 
American  stem  first  took  root  and  where  his  body  sleeps  and  the  ashes  are 
entombed.  We  need  but  give  the  names  of  the  petitioners  for  the  erectTon 
of  a  township  as  early  as  Septemlier  5.  1720,  to  give  an  idea  of  this  fact. 
This  valley  had  already  been  commonly  known  by  the  Indian  name  of  Oley, 
from  Oliuk,  meaning  "Encircled  by  hills'' — which  literally  describes  (his 
rich  limestone  garden  tract  of  about  14,000  acres — so  that  this  name  was 
maintained.  The  petition  has  the  following  signatures,  mostly  in  a  German 
hand: 


John  Longworthy, 
Benjamin  Longworthy, 
John  Henry  Kirsten, 
Hans  Helfin  Week, 
Johannes  Keihm  (Keim), 
Jacob  Koch, 
Isaac  de  Tiirck, 
John  Yoder, 
Hans  Schneider, 
George  Kreider, 
Henry  Baker, 
Hans  Klenimer, 
Peter  Bertolet. 
Samuel  Saul, 
Philip  Kuhlwein, 


Abram  Zimmerman. 

Engel  Potter, 

Jacob  Plank  (de  la  Planck) 

Johannes  Jung, 

Martin  Schenkel, 

Isaac  Lennerd, 

Jonathan  HerV>ein, 

Jacob  Stauber, 

Arnold  ITuffnagle, 

Anthony  Lee, 

Jost  Yoder. 

George  Boone,-- 

Peter  Trakseler  (Trexler), 

Richard  Gregrey, 

Abraham  Ashman. 


Hans  Siegfried, 

Among  the  more  illustrious  names  found  on  tombstones  is  that  of  General 
and  Hon.  Daniel  Udree,  wlm  was  an  ofiiier  in  the  Revolution,  and  also  In 
the  "War  of  1812,  and  a  Congressman  later.  Before  the  Revolution  ho  oper- 
ated Oley  furnaces.  His  monument  is  in  Oley  Reformed  churchyard.  The 
third  edifice,  a  modern  structure,  is  now  in  use  by  this  flock,  while  the  Luth- 
erans have  a  more  an-'quated  edifice,  a  nicture  of  which  we  give  to  convey 
hettr-r  the  stvle  of  tlu"-  nl  l-fashioned  countrv  church. 


1-^0 


THE  FKS  y;  HYLV  AS  I A-GFJIM  AS . 


Were  wc  to  take  the  direction  of  llie  chief  streuni  of  this  township,  the 
Manatawiiy,  which  flows  from  north  to  south,  ue  couhl  take  quite  an  his- 
toric pilgriiiiajtre  by  n.iw  travelinfr  on  the  ol.l  "Kind's  Highway,"'  laid  out 
in  1717  from  Fikeville  to  the  Swedish  setth-mcnt  on  the  Schuylkill  at  and 
about  Amity\i!le.  We  would  pass  nuiuy  old  homesteads  and  interesting 
sights,  among  which  is  the  Maiia.awny  cave,  ahout  uhich  cluster  many  strange 
legends.  But  we  s]:all  go  eastward  in  a  straight  line  and  wing  our  way  with 
the  crow  over  the  Oley  hills  towards  Boyertown.  For  several  miles  these 
environing  hills  have  loomed  up  on  our  eastern  horizon  and  were  it  not  for 
their  connection  in  story  and  song  v, e  would  yet  want  tii  lead  our  readers  over 
them  because  of  dieir  place  in  traditi(jn  according  to  mie  plain   denizen  of 


PV«iiiltf*l£S»k'Ji!JSi/«': 


•^^^a^^i^C!:i;Sr:iJ\3i^.y 


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sV.:J:iiiife--«'<s', 

.'>£."i  ■^■f4>»^&'^'--v j*i»*..^?''  .-W;.-iV;..  2i:^-!ta.»- 

;^u>«jt^ 

OLEY    LUTHERAN    CHURCH. 


REFORMED    CHURCH,    BOYERTOWN. 


;hese  j>arts.  While  a  student  in  college  the  writer  juit  in  a  summer  in  this 
tov.-nship  as  colporteur  for  the  American  Tract  Smicty,  and  remembers  on 
one  occasion  asking  a  farmer '.s  wife  the  derivation,  or  meaning,  of  the  town- 
ship name,  which  by  man\'  inhabitants  was  pronounced  (>/m7i.  "Dess  will 
ich  dcr  saage, "  was  her  prompt  reply.  "  Wie  der  Columbus  Amerika  en- 
deckt  hui,  do  hut  er  sella  Daag  no<di  grad  zu  norh  Redden  (Keailing)  ge- 
wollt.  Not  is  er  iwuer  der  Berg  kumma ;  un  juscht  wie  er  uf  em  Spitza 
war,  do  is  die  Sonn  uiiiier  ganga.  Not  hm  er  ausgerutTa,  '0-liciit!'  Now 
hesst  es  ew^\a  0-lich!  " 

Somewhere  near  wherf'  tliis  credulous  informant  placed  Columbus  in  his 
predicament,  hi-^tnry  ju.ints  to  a  spot  where  long  abode  contentment  antl 
humble  piety,  personified  in  the  liistoiical  character  of  ''Mountain  .Mary.'' 


Ol'KH  THE  OLKY  J'Jh'K.  121 

We  cross  the  mountain  to  look  at  the  now  almost  entirely  obliterated  site, 
from  -which  almost  every  landmark  has  been  elVaeed,  Init  which  spot  was 
often  visited  by  the  studious  and  curious,  from  far  and  near.  This  story 
is  well  told  in  poetry  and  prose,  given  in  an  accompanying  article,  furnished 
us  by  Mr.  Converse  Cleaves.  Our  way  to  the  spot  leads  by  the  old  Oley 
Forge,  in  operation  from  ITtJO  to  ls7(»,  near  which  place  the  Rev.  A.  Sta- 
pleton,  author  of  "Memorials  of  the  Huguenots,"  was  born,  where  his  iranii- 
grant  ancestor,  Eoliert  P.  Stapleton,  erectetl  the  first  brick  house  in  tho  val- 
ley some  time  before  1745. 

Having  crossed  ]\lanatawny  and  the  nmuntain,  we  descend  the  eastern 
slope  and  are  soon  lured  on  by  the  church  si)ires  of  Hoyertown,  to  this  our 
eastern  destination.  Our  Pennsylvania-Cterman  poet,  ' '  I'ncle  Jetf, ''  re- 
siding here,  we  will  let  him  tell  the  history  of  his  nati\e  town. 

BOYEKTOW'X. 

The  borough  of  Boyertown  was  part  of  Colebrookdale  township  until 
October  liOth,  ISOG,  when  a  decree  of  the  court  forming  it  into  a  borough 
was  granted  with  articles  of  iiK.Mjrporation  under  the  gtticral  borough  law. 

As  early  as  July  iilth,  17 IS,  L'tivid  Powell  ubtaiaed  a  patent  for  'Joo 
acres  or  laud,  which  afterwards  became  knowu  as  the  "Furnace  Tract,'' 
and  a  source  of  great  profit  to  the  proprietors.  On  .June  4,  1719,  Powell 
sold  this  land  to  Thomas  Kutter,  and  on  May  22,  17o3,  Samuel  Potts  ob- 
tained an  interest  in  the  same.  These  parties  were  the  first  to  develop  the 
mineral  resources  of  this  lauii.  The  Colel>riiuki.lale  L'urnace  was  erecto.l  about 
1720,  on  the  site  of  the  grist  mill  of  William  S.  Cruti'  at  -vshat  is  now  known 
as  Morys'.-ille,  less  than  a  quarter  mile  fmm  the  borough  limits  of  Boyer- 
town to  the  south.  The  furnace  was  supplied  with  iron  ore  from  the  mines 
which  are  centrally  located  at  Boyertown.  The  ore  cmpjied  out  on  the 
surface  and  the  mines  were  worked  l:)y  "open  cut''  process.  These  mines 
have  been  worked  with  more  or  less  activity  for  at  least  ](in  years.  They 
have  been  lying  idle  for  the  last  15  years,  liut  the  properties  luue  been 
bought  by  a  syndicate  nf  capitalists,  who  intend  to  resume  mining  opera- 
tions on  an  extensive  scale  in  a  short  time.  When  Kutter  and  Potts  soM 
the  land  to  Heinrich  Stauffer,  December  20.  1769.  they  reserved  the  mineral 
right,  retained  an  acre  where  the  vein  had  been  mined  by  "open  cut,"  and 
exacted  a  condition  whereby  they  might  have  the  privilege  of  nuaing  at 
the  "Eed  Bank"— the  so-called  "red  ore,"  holding  themselves  responsible 
for  any  damages  resulting  from  mining  ojierations.  In  later  years  a  claim 
for  cousecjuential  damages  luuing  been  nuide,  the  owners  of  the  mineral 
right  purchased  six  acres  of  land  with  impro\ements  thereon  at  that  place 
and  adjoining  the  one  acre  previously  resei-Acd.  This  land,  iiuludiug  the 
nn'neral  right,  was  until  recently  the  [uoperly  of  Robert  and  Morris  Lewis, 
i»f  Philadelphia,  and  was  worked  under  a  lea.se  by  the  Pho'nix  Iron  Company 
up  to  about  1SS7,  ^vhen  operations  were  suspended.  Of  the  land  which 
Heinrich  Stauffer  bouglit  from  Ihitter  and  Potts  in  17()9,  he  sold  a  part  to 
Jacob  Latsliaw  in  1775.  and  to  Jcn-.ithaii  Hhoaiis  in  17^*;,  and  to  Henry 
Baer  in  1795.  Joliu  S.ilim-  resiiled  on  a  part  of  this  tract  as  early  as  172ii. 
and  he  was  probably  the  first  settler  of  what  is  now   l^.oyertown.     In  Decern- 


1:.'2 


TUE  FEXXSYLl-JMA-GKh-MAN. 


bcr,  1S£»1,  R,.l)ert  ar.^l  M.,rris  Lewis  with  their  wivea  eenveved  bv  deed  their 
right  to  the  miueral  on  huid  \vl,i.-h  Heiurich  StaufFer  sohi  to  Jonathan 
Ehuads  in  17S6,  to  the  h^irs  of  .Inhii  Klioads,  deceased,  through  Dr.  Thomas 
J.  B.  Rhoads  acting  as  att-rney  for  the  heirs,  so  tliat  they  now  hohl  the 
undisputed  right  to  all  tlie  nunerai  on  their  tract,  wliieh  was  formerly  in- 
cluded in  tlie  mineral  reserve:.  P>y  separate  .leeds  of  conveyance  the  same 
that  thriving  horough.  When  an  accident  to  the  shaft  of  the  Warwick 
ndne  caused  a  susj^ension  of  all  the  otlier  mines  on  account  of  the  vast  vol- 
ume of  water  to  contend  with-drowned  out  as  it  were-the  citizens  cast 
parties  also  sold  their  right  to  the  minerals  on  tracts  owned  by  Henry  B. 
Rhoads,  Dr.  R.  B.  Rhoads  and  Dr.  Thomas  J.  B.  Rhoads  for  considerations 
therein  mentioned. 

The  iron  mines  of  Boyertown  were  for  a  long  time  the  main  industrv  of 
that  place  and  gave  emplnyn-.ent  to  a  snuUl  army  of  laborers  in  and  around 


S^^8<5(^^'9t*/f;v«!^jP«a5^.a 


MT.    PLEASANT    SEMINARY. 

about  for  some  other  in,!«stries  to  take  the  idace  of  the  once  j.rosperous 
mines.  Since  then,  carriage  works,  foundry  and  machine  shops,  three  knit- 
ting mills,  large  cigar  factories-,  two  box  fa.-tories,  tliree  bakeries,  two  na- 
tion.al  banks,  burial  casket  company,  and  a  number  of  retail  stores  have  been 
established,  giving  employment  to  all  that  want  to  work,  and  to  scores  re- 
siding in  the  sr.rroundiug  towns. 

CiiURCHES.-The  .Menuohites  were  the  first  to  establish  a  place  of  worship 
m  what  IS  now  Boyertown.  In  1790,  Ileiurieh  Stautfer,  a  member  of  this 
sect,  granted  one  acre  of  ground  to  Abraham  Bechtel  and  Henrv  High  in 
trust  for  the  use  of  tiic  "Mennrudte  C.Mi,^regation  of  CoIrl,ruokdale  ''  a 
congregation  some  tuenry  y.ars  old  at  that  time  and  worshiping  in  a  mret- 
xn^-hou^e  in  the  eastern  end  of  the  valley.     Upon  this  lot  a  church  was  built 


OVEi:  TIIK  OLEY  PIKE. 


123 


the  same  year  aud  a  cemetery  opened,  which  is  still  ke].t  up,  though  iu  the 
borough. 

The  Union  Church  (Lutheran  an.l  Ketorined)  came  next  (ISll),  luit  lnjth 
are  long  since  worshiping  in  handsome  separate  edifices.  O^her  denominations 
have  located  here  since. 

Mount  Pleasant  Seminary,  where  many  a  youth  of  Berks  received  bis 
start  in  life  a  generation  ago,  had  its  origin  in  a  select  school,  establishe'l  in 
1842  by  Hon.  John  Stauft'er.  Its  success  encouraged  him  to  erect  a  building 
for  a  school  on  a  more  extensive  scale,  and  in  1S49  and  185U  the  Seminary 
building  was  put  u]).  Prof.  Jacob  Whitman  was  the  first  principal  in  1S50. 
He  was  an  able  teaclier  and  skilled  botanist.     The  course  of  instruction  em- 


UNION     HOUSE. 


braced  the  common  Klnglish  branches,  the  classics  and  higher  mathematics. 
Henry  Dechant  and  Charles  H.  Albert  were  later  teachers,  the  latter  being 
gifted  with  rare  poetic  talents.  In  1S.54,  Prof.  P.  D.  W.  Hankey  conduc'ea 
it  successfully  for  thirteen  years,  being  assisted  at  times  by  his  brothers, 
Jacob  aJid  Isaac  B.  Hankey.  In  1S55,  the  buihling  was  enlarged  to  accom- 
modate fifty  resident  and  a  numl)er  of  day  scholars  In  iMiT,  i'rof.  L.  M. 
Koons  became  its  principal  and  continued  until  the  school  was  closed  in 
1880.  Frederick  H.  Stauffer  now  owns  the  building,  which  is  used  as  a 
boarding  hou«e  and  residence.  It  is  locate!  on  high  ground  in  a  small  grove 
of  stately  oaks. 

Kallynean  Academy'  was  established  by  Isaac  B.  Hankey  in  1S6G.  The 
building,  a  large  three-storj'  brick  structure,  capable  of  accommodating  sev- 
enty-five students,  had  a  corps  of  four  teachers  at  one  time.  It  was  pros- 
perous for  some  years,  but  bci:;an  to  derline  and  uas  dis'continued  for  ^ant 
of  patronage,  and  has  bei  n  con\erted  into  (h\ellings. 


324 


THE  PKX  X  S  y  LV  A  X I  AG  K1;m  A.\ . 


HoThLs.- Prior  to  tlio  year  ISOU,  tuo  hrotluMs,  Jl.nrv  li..ver  an,l  Dunu.! 
Koyer,  can.e  from  Fredorirk  tounslup.  Montgomery  eoumv,  'to  tl.is  locality 
and  established  then.seivos  in  l.usines.  here  and  n.ay  be  ;aid  to  have  been 
the  founders  of  Boyerto^^n.  Henry  lioyer  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  m 
Colebrookdale  tonnship  prior  to  ]S(,„,  and  in  Iso,-,  opened  a  tavern  or  "pub- 
lie  house"  on  the  site  of  the  present  Union  House.  The  building  was  a  lor 
^ructure,  in  one  end  of  which  the  hotel  business,  in  cunne^.ti.m  with  the 
squire  business,  was  earned  un.  uhile  the  bn.ther.  Daniel,  eon.lu.-  ed  a  small 
retail  store  in  the  other  end.  At  that  time  all  traflic  was  carried  on  between 
Philadelphia  and  Pittsburg  by  teams  of  four  and  six  horses,  which  made 
regular  trips  between   the  two  cities  the  wh.de   vear  round,  conveying  .nich 


\l 


■<■  :     III' 


'i  M' 


-aa_y.»i^»._»if.j>^  "-  4vi    - 


RHOADS'    BLOCK,    BOYERTOVtN,    PA. 

goods  and  chattels  as  were  taken  in  exchange  from  one  place  to  the  other. 
In  this  way  Daniel  Buyer  reeeived  his  regular  supplv  of  coffee,  tea  .u^ar 
and  other  articles  from  Philadelphia  by  the  Pittsbur^r  teams,  which  stopped' 
at  Eoyerstadtel  on  their  way  going  and  coming.  His  siipplv  of  r^roceries 
usually  could  be  carried  in  a  bushel  basket  and  w.re  kept  in  a  corner-cup- 
boar.i  of  this  "store."  This  was  the  nucleus  upon  which  he  an.l  later  his 
son,  D.  B.  Buyer,  built  up  the  independent  fortune  amassed  by  the  latter  be- 
fore he  retired  from  business.  His  sons  at  present  conduct  the  general  store 
business  on  the  corner  opposite  the  Union  House. 

The  "Keystone  House"  was  the  second  hotel  of  anr  size.  It  was  built 
by  Henry  B.^yer  in  1830,  and  has  been  enlarged  several"  times,  until  at  pres- 
ent It  IS  an  attractive  four-stuiy  building  kept  by  Khun  ^fellinger.  Besides 
these  are  a  few  other  jmblir  houses,  but  not  historic. 

That  rhe  tou  n  has  all    tl;.-   uMial    llnuri^lu.ig   sfavs   and    banks   and   Indus- 


OVF.n  TUK  OLKY  I'lKE.  125 

tries  may  be  taken  for  ;i;i:inted.  The  Burial  Casket  Company  has  given  the 
town  a  name  far  and  wide.  It  employs  over  a  liundred  hands  constantly. 
The  cliaraeter  of  its  most  imposing  business  Mocks  may  be  judged  by  the 
Hceompanying  \iew. 

Passing  up  along  the  Kutztown  road  from  Hoyertown.  we  pass  the  exteu- 
fiive  fruit  farms  of  Jolm  G.  Soheakr  and  IJr.  .1.  II.  Funk  midway  between 
Boyertown  and  Gabelsville.  Last  season  Mr.  Selioaler  gathered  2,000  bushels 
of  winter  apples  from  his  extensive  orchard,  and  made  some  40.000  gallons 
of  cider  of  his  own,  besides  hundreds  of  barrels  for  the  farmers  of  the  sur- 
rounding countiy.  This  fruit  farm  was  started  by  Dr.  J.  H.  P'unk  in  1876. 
In   18S5,  he  gathered  800  bushels   of  strawberries  from   his   farm,  and  an 


■'■■■  ■  '     -  '- ,.-    r    '■*  J^-*V^"^r  "    --      ■ 


■-■:^:i..i^^:i 


SHEALER'S    SUNNY-SIDE    FRUIT    FARM. 


enormous  vintage  from  1.500  grape  vines,  and  from  50.000  to  60.000  heads 
of  cabbage.  This  farm  was  sold  later  to  Sehealer  i:  Cleaver,  and  is  now 
owned  solely  by  Mr.  ^eliealer.  On  The  opposite  side  of  the  road,  Dr.  Funk 
has  planted  a  still  more  extensive  fruit  orchard,  some  of  the  trees  being  in 
hearing  condition,  from  which  he  gatherrd  some  of  the  flnt?st  fruit  to  be 
found  anvwhere  in  Pennsyi\ania. 

Crossing  the  new  trolley  line  of  the  Oley  Valley  Railway  near  the  his- 
toric ' '  Popadickon, "  which  furnishes  water  power  to  the  mills  along  the 
valley,  we  come  to  the  grist  mill  of  H.  G.  Galiel,  a  stone  and  brick  struc- 
ture, with  a  run  of  four  stones  at  the  time  it  \v;i-<  Ixiilt  by  I)a\id  Gabel  in 
1860,  but  converted  into  a  roller  mill  by  the  present  owner.  I'as.sing  along  a 
short  distance,  we  come  to  the  Gabel  manor,  a  large  farm-house,  which  was 
built  by  Thomas  Eutter  or  Samuel  Potts  about  the  year  1725.  when  the 
Colebrookdale  furnace  was  operated  by  Kutter  and,  Pi.tts.  Further  up  the 
stream  we  come  to  the  site  of  the  oil  and  saw  mills  of  Abraham  Gabel.  A 
grist  mill  now  occupies  the  site  of  the  oil  mill,  and  is  owned,  together  witli 
the  store  stand,  farm  an<l  saw  Tiiill,  bv  .la.-ob  1'..  Palir,  who  is  married  to  a 


li'G 


77/  K  FKS  S  SYLVAMA-a  K  KM  A  M . 


grand-daughter  of  Abraham  Gabel,  ilie  foimdcr  of  the  property.  Colebrook- 
dale  creamery,  near  by,  was  erected  in  ISSl  by  a  stock  company,  and  is 
operated  by  E.  K.  ^loyer,  of  New  Berliuville.  On  the  farm  of  Lewis  Bechtel 
a  larye  dej>osit  of  bhick  lead  (carburet  of  irou)  h;is  been  extensively  ile\ el- 
oped and  is  operated  by  a  party  of  capitalists  from  AUentowii.  Passing  up 
the  road  through  the  valley  of  the  Popadickon,  so  named  after  an  Indian 
chief  who  is  buried  on  .Mr.  Bechtel 's  farm,  we  come  to  the  three-story  stone 
grist  mill  erected  in  1865  by  W.  K.  Grim  on  the  head  waters  of  said  creek. 
Near  the  mill  site  formerly  stood  a  saw  mill  and  bark  mill  used  in  grinding 
the  bark  used  in  the  tannery  of  Henry  Knauss,  which  was  bought  by  Gid- 
eon Grim  in  1S30  and  carried  on  by  him,  and  after  his  death  by  his  son,  W. 


.,^=^Wf— --».„ 


,^. 


/■■  ,li-n: 


':r^Vf^- 


;;HnH|!|||ji!iii! 


4iiiM^4ii^^ga^*#« 


;.# 


DANIEL     GABEL'S     RESIDENCE-Built    by    Thos.    Rutter     1725. 


K.  Grim,  until  1S77,  when  it  was  discontinued.  A  creamery  now  occupies 
the  site  of  the  old  saw  mill.  This  property  is  distant  from  Boyertown  two 
and  one-half  nules  along  the  Kutztown  roa<l.  Continuing  on  our  journey 
we  cross  the  divide  and  descend  to  the  village  of  Shanesville,  a  town  of 
some  twenty  dwellings  snugly  nestleil  between  the  hills  of  Earl  township. 
It  was  named  in  honor  of  John  Shane  who  owned  the  land  upon  which  the 
town  was  founded  by  Peter  Clouser  in  1833.  He  was  succeeded  by  Daniel 
Clouser,  his  son.  Simon  Clouser,  a  veteran  of  the  Civil  War,  now  owns  the 
property  which  was  formerly  a  hotel  stand.  A  post  office  was  established 
there  in  1867  witli  a  triweekly  mail  to  Kutztown.  In  1872  the  Reading 
route  was  established,  and  since  1S8lI  they  have  daily  mail  service. 

There  being  no  church  wiiiiin  the  limits  of  Earl  township,  the  people  are 
members  of  the  Oley  and  Hill  churches.  St.  Joseph's  church,  better  known 
as  Hill  church  (die  Borger  Kirch)  is  located  in  the  eastern  part  of  Pike 
township    on    fitly   a^rt's   of   land    bought    or    taken   up    by    Casper   Grygler, 


OIKn  THE  OLEY  PIKE. 


Ill 


Geor^'e  Ernest  and  Aiuirew  Ro<louhefl-t'r  us  t-arly  as  1741.  for  the  use  of 
school  and  church  purposes.  Kev.  Juhn  Casper  Stuever  had  preached  and 
baptized  here  ten  years  before.  Uu  this  tract  was  erected  a  Lutheran  church 
building.  The  roof  projecting  over  the  sides,  so  as  to  protect  it  against 
rain  storms,  this  outer  space  was  used  by  the  early  settlers  to  hang  up  their 
seed  corn,  from  which  circumstance  it  was,  called  "Die  Welshkorn  Ivirch  " 
which  sobriquet  it  still  bears  locally.  This  building  was  replaced  in  iVsG 
by  the  Lutheran  and  Reformed  congregations  with  a  fine  stone  church.  On 
May  1.-.,  1S53,  the  cornerstone  was  laid  for  the  third  church  edifice  on  tho 


^4  &^'^^-^--4 


Tl^^- 


GRIM'S    MILL. 

original  site,  and  on  Septe.nber  22,  1S6G  a  centenary  festival  was  held 
there  to  celebrate  the  day  when  Eev.  Michael  Schlatter  visited  Oley  just 
120  years  before  as  the  pioneer  missionary  of  the  German  Reformed 
churches  of  Berks  county. 

In  1SS6  the  building  was  remodeled  and  supplied  with  a  spire  It  is 
occupied  by  the  Lutheran  and  Reformed  congregations  jointlv.  Rev.  Warm- 
kessel,  of  Reading,  is  the  Lutheran  minister  at  present.  Each  congregation 
has  a  membership  of  400  to  500. 

Returning  to  Shanesville  from  this  side  trip  to  Hill  church  we  proceed 
down  the  road  towards  Pleasantville.  passing  on  ,mr  wav  an  old  stone  grist 
null  which  was  known  in  years  gone  by  as  Albright  '3  mill.  It  is  in  ruins 
now,  as  well  as  a  saw  mill  that  was  located  a  short  distance  down  the  road, 
the  only  marks  remaining  being  part  of  the  embankment  of  the  dam  to  the 
left  as  we  pass  down  the  defile.  Passing  along  the  right  hand  road  that  skirts 
the  mountain  we  come  to  the  ruins  of  Leinbach  's  woolen  mill.  This  has  been 
dismantled  f„r  many  years,  though  the  buil.ling  ?till  remains  and  the  mill 


1-2S 


Till-:  rhxxsYLrAyjA-dKL-MAy. 


dam  is  still  visible.  Prt'stnitly  wo  arrive  at  i'leiisarit\  illc,  '.vliere  cluster 
events  of  jiersonal  Imt  imt  ijeiieral  interest,  liecause  here  the  writiM'  preaelied 
his  first  semion  in  the  days  ot  his  youth  ere  he  saw  eolle^e  or  seiiiiuary,  a 
sainted  brother  being  pastor. 

From  I'leosantville  we  could  reach  out  in  ahnost  any  direcUcni  and  fijid 
intcrcstiug  landmarks  in  the  shajie  of  wealthy  and  well-kept  homesteads, 
that  have  ci^me  down  in  lineal  descent  for  n;ore  than  a  half  dozen  genera- 
tion?. These  are  the  Lidiachs,  ('lea\ers,  Deyshers,  Ber^olets,  Hochs,  I')e  Turks, 
Keims,  the  latter  few  named  ha\inji  been  in   the  valley  almost  as  early  as 


- 

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k 

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m 

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yr,^.:<\ 

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mnxTTIf^T'^^V'-'^-^-f 

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fesaft'v»P-<5^!«.-J-i-^  ^-..rw-.iJlto**«i -!.«' 

^'f"  1  ^  - 'VI 

HILL    CHURCH,    OR    "WELSCH-KORN    KKRCH." 


the  Penns  were  in  the  Pro\ince.  l:?ut  ue  wa!it  to  take  our  way  home  via 
Friedensburtj  and  i'ricetow  n  and  thus- visit  a  fev»  more  objects  of  interest. 
Friedensburor  is  but  a  few  nnles"  to  the  southwest  of  Pleasantville,  taliped 
by  the  trolley  and  untvd  as  the  site  of  the  Oley  Academy,  tlie  resi- 
dence of  P.erks'  present  ^tate  yenaiirr.  our  friend  l)r.  V..  M.  llerbst,  and 
the  pretty  village  honu'  of  many  contented  toilers  in  the  professions 
and  common  walks  of  life.  The  brother  of  Franklin  and  Marshall  College's 
President.  Eev.  I.  S.  Stahr,  is  Reformed  pastor  here  and  the  town  has  a 
quiet,  intelligent,  moral  air  al>out  it. 

Oley  Academy  was  founded  in  1S.17,  and  has  continued  its  work  siiu-e  that 
time.  An  effdrt  was  nuule  as  early  as  IS.'iH  to  es.ahlish  such  a  school  at 
FriedenvtiurLT.  (new  Oley)  but  without  success.  The  friends  (d'  a  liberal 
edncatii.n,    however,    were    i\i'T    discuuraged    hut    kejit    \\[>    the   agitation.      The 


Ol'ER  TEE  OLEY  FIRE. 


lL'9 


inovenieut  was  led  by  Dr.  Peter  G.  Bertolet,  warmly  siijiporte'l  by  Daniel  S. 
Leinbaeli,  B.  A.  Ghise,  Martin  Yoder  anil  otliers,  who,  iu  1857,  agreed  to 
form  a  stoek  eonipauy  to  erect  and  eonduet  an  a(?adeniy.  The  association 
was  incorporated  April  13,  1S.j7.  Among  the  incorporators  were  Daniel  IS. 
Leinbaeli,  B.  A.  (Jlase,  Daniel  II.  Levan,  John  K.  Bertolet,  John  H.  Kdel- 
man,  Samuel  F.  Bnsliy,  i'eter  G.  Bertolet,  Jacob  Bertolet,  Daniel  G.  Berto- 
let, J.  H.  Major,  I'eter  (inldin,  and  J)avid  Bear. 

A  large   building  was  ereited,  and   Uley   Academy  was   formally   opened 
December  1st.  1S57,  with  forty  students,  and  Jacob  H.  Major  as  principal. 


r^'^-. 


^'^^" 


'  '\  '^"' 


rniT 

ti  1  •!  e  S 


!t!l!:   ;::Sin::iJ:H".ii;'ih:iii^^_ 


-.^  .M..i;^eij  j--^ ' 


OLEY    ACADEMY. 


The  school  has  been  continued  in  its  apiiointed  work  since  that  hour  with 
varied  fortunes,  and  many  men  and  women  have  lived  to  bless  the  founders 
for  their  unseltish  efforts  in  its  behalf. 

The  teacliers  who  tiave  had  charge  of  tiie  work  at  Oley  Academy  all  these 
years  are  many,  and,  only  Tiie  principals  can  here  be  mentioned  in  the  order 
of  incumbency:  .lacoli  H.  Major,  ls.j7;  1.  B.  Hanky,  l^oH;  J.  p.  Matthews. 
ISGO;  I.  M.  Bertolet,  l>t)l;  Frank  Laucks,  IStii';  Pev.  L.  K.  Evans,  ISrili; 
Kev.  Daniel  M.  W.df,  l^(i');  William  G.  (uiiniher,  1S(;7;  Howard  Guitelius, 
1S6S;  Jacob  H.  Major,  1S7(^;  George  Tletrick,  ls73;  Samuel  A.  Baer,  1S74; 
Kev.  D.  E.  8choeilIer,  ls7();  George  \[.  lletlner,  18S4 ;  Hiester  A.  Bowers, 
1888;  M.  S.  Ilartiug.  Is;)::;  Howard  Mitman,  Ls<)ti.  Pcsides  these  there  has. 
been  a   host  of  as>isr:,  nts. 

Ill   August,    U'l'l,    the    first    of    a    si;rics   of    liieunial    reunions    of    former 


130 


77//-:  ri: X xsYJJA M A-a E i:m AX . 


tcachors  ami  stutleiits  of  (Mcy  Academy  was  li.-lil,  and  nearly  threo  limidreit 
testified  tlieir  interest  in  tlie  old  sehml  by  their  {.resiiiee. 

The  si-IhimI  year  now  dia\viiio  to  a  clese  lias  lu'en  one  vf  the  nmst  suecoss- 
ful  for  many  years,  tl;e  old  yehool  ha\;ni;-,  ajiparently  taken  a  new  lease  of 
life.  The  numl.er  of  teaehers  omiiloyfd  is  three,  and  the  inunher  of  luipils 
enrolled  jv  stn-eiity. 

Friedensliuri;  is  located  on  KauiTman's  <"reek,  so  nanu:'d  after  one  of 
the  townshiji's  early  settlers,  John  .)a<-oli  IvavilTnnin,  (17M7),  long  a 
bishop  in  a  branch  of  tiie  Mennonite  cJiurch.  ('rossiiivi'  this  creek  at 
the    southern    bordev    oi    town,    we    come    to    tiie    old    1 'e    Turk    settlenient. 


;■ 


'A    ■ 


S-<-S:.- 


»; — ~: 


%:^-'« 


•1      r     h. 


t-ll-i':/:ViM 


A\ORAVIAN     CHURCH     AND    SCHOOL  HOUSE-Erected   17-13-5. 


consisting  at  first  of  hundreds  of  acres'  of  richest  land.  Here  was  convened 
February  i!1-i!l!.  174"J,  the  third  Jlora\ian  Synod,  presided  over  by  Count 
Zinzendorf.  Keligious  agitation  ran  high  in  Oley  during  this  period.  These 
were  the  New  Korn,  zeahuis  followers  of  the  enthusiast,  Matthias  Bownuiu ; 
the  Lutherans  and  Kef ornied ;  the  French  Huguenots,  fresh  from  the  fires  of 
religious  persecutions,  ileditationists,  Menuonites,  Separatists,  Dunkers, 
and  Moravian  jiioueers  holding  house  ser\iees,  all  of  Gernuxn  ?j.)eech  and 
thought,  ami  religious  zealots — all.  Futile  attempts  were  made  by  Zinzen- 
dorf to  weld  all  these  heterogeneous  elements  into  one  common  household 
of  faith.  Heuee  these  several  conferences  or  union  Synods  for  discussion. 
Probably  this  third  ;^lora^■ian  gathering  upon  this  religious  battle  ground 
had  this  objtvt  as  an  ulterior  aim.  But  it  was  stocked  with  Moravian  dig- 
nitaries. 


(M'A7.'   THE  OLEY  i'JKK. 


131 


A  largo  loii  I'uiMin;^.  iniig  usod  ns  a  Mmaxian  cliapcl  and  si-liool  ami  \\ith 
other  buildinus  t-rt'i-U'd  the  i'ullnwin!^-  yrar  is  still  staiidiii;^.  Neailiv  is  a  small 
enclnsiiro  (■(intaiiiiiit:  tin'  aslirs  (if  the  Moi-a\  ian  ilcail  nf  that  [ifriiKt.  lit  this 
ISyuodii.'  cuiiwiitiiiii  t'mir  iiu'U,  Aiiilfi'w  llsclii-iiliarh,  tlu'  I'idiifer  ^rura\'iaii 
evangelist  of  this  district  since  17-t;).  Christian  II.  Kauch,  (lot'dielj  Buettncr, 
and  .Inhn  ( 'lnis;(>|.lier  I'yrlrnns.  whose  names  adnfn  the  later  annals  nf  tlie 
Moravian  c-hnn-h.  were  soleinnly  urdained  t<i  the  Cuispel  ministry  by  the 
Count  Zinzendorf  and  I-Sishop  l)a\!d  Nitcliman,  while  Kev.  dohn  JIagau  was 
pet  apart  as  a  nussiniiary.     At  this  meeting  the  project  id'  cidonizing  Ceorgia 


•;•;.; --/^S^ 


h3 


DUNKER'S     CHURCH,    PRlCETO«N -Erected     1797. 


y.as  abandoned,  and  most  interesting  of  all,  three  American  Indians,  the 
first  fniits  of  Moravian  niissidiuiries  were  lia[>tized  into  the  Christian  faith. 
Loskiel,  the  Miira\ian  historian,  describes  the  event  as  follows:  "The  \vh(de 
assembly  being  met,  the  three  oatechumens  were  placed  in  the  miilst  and 
■with  fenent  prayer  and  supplication  devoted  to  the  Lord  .Jesus  Clirist  as 
His  eternal  property,  upon  which  Kauch,  with  gi'eat  emotion  of  heart,  ba]>- 
tized  these  three  firstlings  of  tiic  North  American  Indians  into  the  death 
of  Jesus,  in  the  name  of  the  Father,  Sou  and  Holy  Lihost.  calling  8abash, 
Abraham;  Seim.  Isaac;  and  Kiop,  Jucol). "  Many  interesting  inciilents  are 
related  in  connection  with  this  Synod  (see  Kupp's  Berks  County,  p.  '2'.'A, 
etc..  and  Stapleton's  "Memorials  of  the  Huguenots'').  This  meeting  estab- 
lisViod    Moraviar.ism   in   Olev.   where   De   Turk   donated   land    for   school  and 


132  THE  r}:.\NSYLVAXIA-aE};MA.\. 

church  piiriioses,  three  large  buildings  were  ereeted  and  the  cause  flourished 
for  many  years.     Only  the  ene  liuilding,  shown  in  cut,  is  yet  presened. 

The  house  has  fnur  rooms  on  each  floor,  besides  a  wide  hall  across  the 
building.  One  of  the  rooms  on  the  first  floor  seems  to  have  been  used  for  a 
kitchen  on  account  of  it  having  a  large  fireplace.  One  of  the  queer  things 
noticeable  is  that  tiie  other  rooms  do  not  have  any  signs  of  being  heated  in 
any  way.  In  the  hall  on  the  second  floor  there  is  an  open  fire-place  on  oppo. 
site  sides  in  the  large  chimney,  but  none  in  the  rooms.  The  same  holds  true 
on  the  first  floor.  If  the  surrounding  rooms  were  to  bo.  heated  from  this 
fire-place  through  ^lie  doors  entering  the  hall,  I  am  sure  there  were  some 
chilly  days  for  scholars  in  tlmse  times.  This  third  Iniilding  was  comjdeted 
a])out  174o,  long  used  for  a  cliurc  h  ami  three  years  as  a  boai'ding  sidiool. 

From  this  noted  landmark  let  us  beat  a  direct  and  hasty  retreat  for  Read- 
ing via  old  Oley  Furnaces,  Pricetowu  and  the  Ruscoml)  Manor  hills.  About 
three  miles  northwest  of  Friedensburg,  on  the  way  towards  iStony  Point  and 
Kutztown,  for  a  century  and  a  third,  nestled  the  now  dismantled  charcoal  fur- 
naces of  Oley,  well-known  and  actively  operated  during  colonial  times  and  the 
Eevolution.  We  have  already  been  at  the  grave  of  General  Udree  who  then 
operated  the  same,  it  having  been  built  in  1772  by  I.  Winly  or  Simon  \Vily, 
according  to  tradition.  It  is  located  on  the  romantic  affluent  of  the  Mana- 
tawny  knowu  as  I'urnace  Creek.  The  stream  tumbles  over  rocky  ledges  in 
lovely  little  cascades  and  a  perpetual  murmur  that  puts  poetry  into  the  dull- 
est head  and  heart.  The  Clymer  Iron  Company  of  Reading  succeeded  Gen- 
eral Udree  in  the  ownership,  who  kept  it  m  operaticm  until  recently,  when 
it  was  the  oldest  charcoal  furnace  in  use  in  the  IState.  Many  wooden  stoves 
were  cast  here,  some  still  existing.  A  grist  mill  connected  therewith  is  still 
in  operation,  and  for  romantic  and  pictures(|ue  scenery  we  know  of  no  spot 
in  Berks  that  excels  it. 

The  road  towards  Reading  via  Pricetown  is  hilly  and  winding,  but  withal 
romantic  and  full  of  interest.  The  characteristic  stone  houses  or  cottages  of 
mountaineers  abound.  Fields  and  roadsides  are  encased  in  stone  fences, 
which  like  the  Irishnmu  's,  would  be  higher  if  upset  by  a  storm,  as  they  are 
about  five  feet  wide  and  four  feet  high,  ymaller  tracts  compose  the  farms 
and  fewer  acres  the  fields  than  in  Oley 's  rich  plantations.  Sparkling  springs 
and  bending  orchards  prevail.  But  the  people  are  alert  and  wide-awake. 
In  this  section  was  born  Princeton's  first  honor  man  of  last  year  and  many 
another  son  and  daughter  that  have  left  marks  of  distinction,  lae  German 
religious  sects  are  nearly  all  represented.  One  of  the  oldest  landmarks  in 
the  vicinity  of  Pricetown,  a  small  village  on  the  very  top  of  South  Moun- 
tain ridge,  two  miles  south  of  Fleetwood,  is  the  Dunker's  meeting  house, 
over  one  hundred  years  old.  shown  in  accompanying  cut. 

The  eight  or  more  miles  between  Pricetown  and  Reading  are  characterized 
by  the  same  general  contour  of  land  and  our  high^vay  leads  into  the  city  by  a 
gap  between  Barnhard's  and  Mt.  P<m\ii  and  has  taken  thousands  of  Rock- 
land's and  Rusc(unlmianiu- 's  farmer  folk  into  this  capital  of  Berks  with 
more  produce  and  less  fatigue  than  characterize  my  army  of  historic  pilgrims 
back  from  a  long  trip  tiiilay. 


MOUNTAIN  MA1:Y.  133 

MOUNTAIN  MARY  (DIE  BERG  MARIA.) 

BY  BE-N'JAMIN  M.  HOI.LINSHEAD. 

(Contributed  by  Mr.  Converse  Cleaves,  of  PhilaLlelpbia,  and  never  before 
published.) 

In  the  summer  of  1819  I  made  a  journey  through  the  northern  counties  of 
Pennsylvania,  in  company  with  my  friend,  Dr.  Jesse  Thompson.  On  the  sec- 
ond day  after  leaving  Philadelphia,  we  arrived  in  the  valley  of  Oley,  Berks 
county,  about  twehe  miles  from  Keading.  We  had  been  furnished  with  let- 
ters of  introduction  to  Benjamin  AYright,  a  friend,  residing  in  the  valley, 
and  from  him  and  his  family  we  received  so  kind  a  reception,  that  we  re- 
mained willing  captives  nearly  three  days,  instead  of  departing,  as  we  had 
intended,  the  morning  after  our  arrival. 

Our  friends  proposed  that  we  should  ascend  the  Oley  hills— that  we  should 
spend  part  of  a  day  at  least,  on  the  banks  of  the  IManatawny,  beautiful 
stream,  which  after  winding  its  way  through  the  valley,  enters  the  Schuyl- 
kill near  the  tov>n  of  Pottsgrove;  but  above  all  we  must  make  a  visit  to  Mary 
Young,  commonly  known  in  the  neighborhood  as  "Mountain  Mary." 

On  the  first  of  July  a  party  of  live  started  for  the  residence  of  the  her- 
mitress. 

After  riding  a  few  miles  along  the  valley,  we  began  to  ascend  the  moun- 
tains, as  they  in  reality  are,  although  in  the  Alpine  regions  of  Pennsyl- 
vania they  bear  the  humble  appellation  of  hills.  On  reaching  the  summit 
and  passing  through  woods,  we  came  to  an  enclosure,  on  the  opposite  of 
which  was  situated  the  humble  log  cabin  of  "Mountain  Mary."  Fasten- 
ing our  horses  to  the  fence,  we  loweretl  the  bars,  and  walking  slowly  over 
the  green  sward,  were  met  by  the  hermitress  at  the  threshold  of  her  dwell- 
ing. She  received  us  kindly  and  after  an  interchange  of  inquiries  on  the 
part  of  her  and  our  friends,  she  commenced  speaking  in  a  religious  strain, 
informing  us  through  a  lady  of  our  party  who  acted  as  interpreter,  that  on 
serious  subjects  she  was  obligetl  to  speak  in  her  native  language,  the  German. 

Her  remarks  breathed  a  strain  of  devotional  feeling  which  had  a  solemn- 
izing effect  upon  the  company,  and  the  countenance  of  the  speaker  was 
one  of  the  most  benign  1  had  ever  beheld.  After  a  pause  which  succeeded 
her  discourse,  we  walked  forth  to  take  a  survey  of  the  premises.  The 
view  was  bounded  by  the  surrounding  forest,  except  in  a  northern  direction, 
where  a  farm  house  was  seen  on  a  slope  of  one  of  the  neighboring  hills. 
Jlary  took  us  into  her  milk-house,  which  was  a  few  steps  from  her  door, 
and  which  was  bountifully  supplied  from  the  solitary  cow  which  then  stood 
near  us.  A  limpid  stream  from  a  neighboring  elevation,  was  conducted 
into  the  building  and  then  glided  peacefully  away  irrigating  the  meadow 
in  its  course  down  the  mountain.  We  now  walked  to  the  margin  of  the 
woods,  where  we  found  a  square  enclosure  of  rails,  which  containeil  thret^ 
graves,  one  of  the  mother,  the  others  of  the  sisters  of  Mary,  and  a  head 
and  foot  stone  for  another  grave. 

On  returniug  to  take  our  leave,  we  were  surprised  t-i  find  a  table  sprea<i 
with  delici'-ius  bre.-nl.  butter,  cream,  milk  and  iire^tTved   fruits:  and  we  were 


134  ruK  i'i:s\syL\-ASiA-<n:i:MA.\ . 

invitdl  to,  pnitake  \i\  a  inanru'r  so  siiicerL'  aiul  rourtoous,  that  we  ciid  not 
distrust  our  kind  hostt'ss  when  she  assured  us  ^e  were  weleoine. 

Never  had  I  v.itiiessed  so  un-^haken  a  faith  as  was  manifest  iu  this  ex- 
traordinary woman.  To  the  alarmists  who  occasionally  \isited  her  and 
who  express. 'd  tlieir  ajiprehension  iliat  slie  mi^ht  be  taken  sick  and  (iie 
alone,  her  reply  was  that  her  confidence  was  in  the  Almighty,  and  that  she 
felt  assured  tliat  nothint;-  would  be  jiennitted  to  ha[ipen  to  her  that  was  not 
intended  for  lier  good.  On  or.r  return  we  called  at  the  house  of  Isaac  Lee, 
a  worthy  niemlier  of  the  Society  of  Friends'.  He  informed  us  that  for  many 
years,  Maiy  sent  l)y  liim,  her  butter,  cheese  and  other  produce  of  her  little 
farm,  to  tlie  Philadel}>hia  market,  and  tliat  she  invariably  put  up  a  parcel, 
with  instructions  that  it  should  be  given  to  the  poor. 

To  my  extreme  gratification,  £  afterwards  found  that  I  was  well  ac- 
quainted with  several  individuals  in  lieading  and  Philadelphia,  to  whom 
Mary  was  well  known,  and  who  are  among  the  most  respectable  families  of 
German  origin  in  this  State.  They  all  concurred  in  Ijearing  testimony  to 
her  great  worth,  and  anecdotes  were  relatei.l  to  me,  which  gave  conclusive 
evidence  that  in  many  of  her  actions  she  was  guided  Ijy  more  than  human 
judgment. 

Mary  hail  lived  alone  more  than  thirty  years.  She,  her  moJier  and  sis- 
ters, emigrated  from  Germany,  about  the  year  1763,  and  settled  near  Ger- 
mantown.  Pa.;  thence  they  removed  to  Oley,  that  they  might  enjoy  in  seclu- 
sion the  satisfaction  of  worshiping  the  Supreme  Pjcing  in  the  manner  most 
congenial  to  their  feelings.  In  Xmember.  1S19,  IMary  was  taken  ill,  but 
was  happily  atrended  by  a  female  friend"  who  lia<l  gmie  to  visit  her  and 
who  remained  with  her  during  the  two  weeks  of  her  illness,  which  termi- 
nated in  her  deatli,  on  the  ]fith  of  the  same  monUi,  in  the  75th  year  of 
her  age. 

A  large  concourse  of  neighbors  attended  her  funeral  solemnities.  Her 
remains  were  deposited  in  the  rustic  cemetery,  where  four  months  previous 
I  had  stood  with  moistened  eyes,  as  I  gathered  a  few  mementoes  for  my- 
self and  friends  from  the  graves  of  the  pious  pilgrims. 

Several  years  lator  a  }oung  friend**  of  mine  intending  to  visit  the  val- 
ley, 1  requested  him  to  send  me  such  information  as  he  could  obtain  re- 
specting ''Mountain  Mary."     The  following  is  his  letter: 

•Mrs.  Mary  Mayor  Sprajue,  of  t;>'r[iiautuwn,  I'bilail.-lphia,  I'a.,  writes  In  this  conuf^c- 
tioii  as  fclli.iws: 

••Thf  friend  spoki^n  of  by  Mr.  Unllinstifad  was  an  ancestor  of  mine  (Mrs.  .'^llsanna  i3i* 
IU>nneville  Keiiu,  wife  of  John  Koiin.  ami  liaughtcr  of  Di-.  (;eor:;e  cle  Benncville  i.  who, 
iifion  awakcninir  from  a  viviil  .Ireani,  in  whicb  slie  saw  Mountain  Mary'  in  dire  distress, 
was  So  inipressi'd  that  she  made  immediate  preparations  to  si-e  .Mary.  The  lady's  son 
tried  to  dissuade  her  from  iT'dng-.  saying  tlie  distance  was  ;;reat,  tlu-ousli  roads  almost 
impassable,  the  weather  inclement,  ami  the  lady  herself  neither  yount;  nor  roPust.  'My 
Son.'  said  she.  'Mary  neeils  me.  My  Master  has  bidden  me  seek  hiT.  I  dare  not  disobey 
Jlis  call."     Witli   the  early   moridni;  lii:ht   tlie  idd   lady,   v.itii  her  srandson,   started,    taking 

such  Comforts  as  she  thouirht  inii;ht  be  n li.d.     t'i)on  arrivins  there,   she  found  her  vision 

ci>ntirDieil — Mary  confined  to  her  bed.  and  the  creatures  ileriendent  ution  her  care  in  bad 
need.  Great-trrainlmother  stayed  with  Mary  until  the  end.  Mrs.  Keim  was  frequently 
heard  to  say,  tbut  she  counted  aniouu'  her  earthly  blessinirs  the  prlvUejje  of  being  with 
this  sainted  wouian  iu  bi^r  last  hour,  to  witness  her  lovini:  faith  and  eontideuoe  in  her 
Heavenly  Tatlcr,  who  has  -.rMin-ed  lb-  v.  ill  never  le.we  or  forsake  His  children  who 
seek   Him   in   spiilt   and  ir   truth." 

**,7anies  pi'wev. 


ilOLMAIX  J/.l/.T.  ^•^■' 

<<ln  a.-cor-lancc  witl,  vour  mp-'^t  ^^\u■u  1  was  abcut  to  visit  this  happy 
valh'v,  I  have  on.loavor.'.l  to  eoli.rt  some  mlnvnatinu  about  Mary  ^  oun^^ 
who  lou;.'  resiacl  in  this  iioighborliood. 

-She  was  horn  m  Ger.nany  n.ar  Frankforfon-the-Ma.n ;  her  parent. 
emi.rato,l  at  an  early  pern.l  ot  her  l>f..  to  Anu.ri.a,  an,l  h,.:ate.l  in  Cer- 
„,autuwn;  there  they  pursued  the  oeeupatiou  of  cotton-spunuug  b^  he 
har.d  wheeL  Tl>e  fan,ily  consisted  at  this  tune  ot  a  tataer,  mother,  and 
three  daughters;  the  father  dying,  and  the  Kevolut.on  breaking  o-t,  innne- 
dia;elv  after  the  batde  of  Uennantown  th.y  took  retuge  in  the  0  e  M 
MU-vih.  hip.e  of  .onie  vears  the  mother  and  two  sisters  dyn,g.  le.t  M.u> 
^  ,  w  ei;'.ne  e-ntinued  for  more  than  thirty  years  to  occupy  Hie  iiou.^ 
on  the  mountain  brow,  from  which  she  soon   acquired  the  name  of     Moun- 

tain  Marv. '  ,    ,.„,, 

-She  "was  said  to  be  a  verv  intelligent  and  religious  woman,  and  was 
visited  bv'he;  neighbors  to  have  her  advice  on  their  ditTiculties.  whieh  was 
o^en  so^nlrciou^and  far-seeing  that  she  was  thought  by  some  to  have  a 
way  of  acquiring  knowledge  unknoxvn  to  the  many. 

-The  most  iiUeresting  feature  m   her  character,  perhaps,  was  her  great 
industrv.      She   kept    three   or   four   cows,    food   for   wliich    she    raised    or.    a 
r^d„w  near  her  ^ntage.     The  grass  she  used  to  cut  herself,  and  after  di^- 
in.,  carrv  home.     Her  cattle  were  eared  for  in  a  superior  rnanner  and  conse^ 
q.^tlv  ^he  was  enabled  to  make  a  great  deal  of  butter,  t-  she  earned  on 
2er  hJad  to  a  per.on  who  took  ir   to  nuuket  for  her.  and  -1-  ^-^^^  ^t 
three  miles  off.     She  also  had  bees  and  collected  a  large  quantity  of     omy 
she  likewise  practiced  vivisection,   these   appear   to   nave   be.m   1-     «-^_^ 
:Lns,  which  L  only  enabled  her  to  live,  but  to  ama.s  -""-  -;^'^;  ^  >  " 
«^Vhen  the  family  first  settled  on  the  mountarn    the  road  ^^^^^ 
ing  wa.  tortuous,  winding  round  and  round  for  a  long  way.     ^heu  she  was 
eft  alone,  to  shorten  the  distance  to  the  world  below,  she  set  to  work  and 
^:;ath  along  the  side  of  the  mountain,  th-gh  the  rocks  and  root 
trees  for  the  distance  of  a  mile,  by  which  she  shortened  the  distance  ^  ery 
^^h  in  carrying  her  produce  to  her  factor.     It  is  really  a^-prisn^  wo^ 
and  when  you  consider  it  was  all  done  by  the  --''-\"^^^^'^^,  ^^^J  .^;"\'; 
woman,  shewing   what   they   are   capable   of   when   taey  have   an  ob.iect  m 
view  w-orthv  of  their  exertions. 

"Her  dwelUng,  I  need  not  tell  you,  was  beautiful,  with  a  fountain  near 
the  door,  and  surrounded  by  an  orchard  in  which  she  took  great  delight. 

-Her  character  was  one  of  benevolence;  she  was  frugal  and  honest,  liv- 
ing well,  and  when  any  of  her  friends  made  her  a  visit,  she  would  m.ver 
suffer  them  to  depart  without  partaking  of  some  refreshment  She  ^rslte. 
all  the  poor  in  her  neighborhood,  in  their,  necessities,  taking  them  medicine 

and  provisions. 

-The  following  conversation  is  said  to  have  taken  place  between  her  and 

a  person  who  made  her  a  visit: 

-  'Mary,  are  you  not  afraid  to  live  here  alone?' 

-  'Afniid   of  w.  at.'"  asked    slio   in   response   to   the  question. 


-13(5  THE  I'J-:.\NS)LIAMAGIl1:MAN. 

"  'Why,  for  instance,  when  the  skies  are  covered  with  dark  clouds  and 
fiery  lightning  striking  in  all  directions,  with  the  loud  voice  of  thunder  re- 
soumliug  from  hill  to  hill. ' 

"  '1,  no!  When  such  is  the  case,  and  the  storm  rages  aroun<l,  1  always 
open  my  window  and  look  at  the  Almighty  power  of  n\y  Maker.'  " 

"This  little  incident  will  ser\  e  to  shou  the  placid  state  of  mind  in  whicli, 
even  when  the  storn^  in  its  wrath  howled  around  the  bleak  mountain  on 
which  she  dwelt,  this  wondrous  woman  lived. 

"  The  consideration  of  animals  even  of  a  noxious  kind,  seems  to  be  a 
strong  trait  of,a  refined  and  benevolent  heart;  she  had  a  garden  beside  her 
cottage  enclofe-ed  by  a  stone  wall,  that  she  dressed  with  great  care  and  took 
much  delight  in.  Some  marmots  fancied  the  garden  likewise.  They  took 
up  their  abode  there,  and  began  to  increase  and  multiply,  much  to  the  an- 
noyance of  the  proprietor  of  the  gardens,  digging  trenches  when  she  wanted 
it  smooth  and  eatitig  roots  that  she  intended  for  seed,  and  annoying  her  in 
various  ways,  until  the  nuisance  had  to  be  abated.  She  placed  traps  and 
captured  them,  many  of  them  in  the  very  act.  Instead  of  putting  them  to 
death,  which  she  might  have  done  as  sole  lady  of  the  garden,  she  took  them 
to  the  neighboring  hills,  telling  them  to  go  and  tresspass  no  more. 

"Ano'her  trait  in  her  character  was  her  love  for  peace.  In  her  mil  was 
a  special  clause,  that  if  any  of  the  persons  to  whom  she  bequeathed  her 
property  should  grumble  at  their  share,  their  names  should  be  stricken  out, 
that  all  might  be  harmony  among  her  heirs." 

(The  following  poem  we  find  in  a  volume  entitled  "The  Phantom  Barge, 
and  Other  Poems,"  by  the  author  of  "The  Limner,"  published  in  Phila- 
delphia in  1S22.  The  person  commemorated  in  the  ensuing  stanzas— we 
quote  from  the  author's  introductory— is  an  old  German  lady,  of  a  remark- 
ably pious  and  devotional  character,  residing  among  the  Oley  Hills,  near 
Reading,  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania.  Some  of  the  author's  friends  having 
traveled  in  that  part  of  the  country,  desired  his  pen  on  the  subject,  and  the 
following  is  the  result  of  their  request.) 

MARY  YOUNG. 

Whoe'er  has  trod  by  Schuylkill's  sliore, 

Where  Oley 's  Hills  are  stretched  along, 
And  in  romantic  beauty  soar, — 

Has  heard  of  iNlary  Young. 
They  tell  for  nuiny  a  mile  around. 
Where  her  lone  dwelling  may  be  found. 
And  show  the  green  hill  where  it  stands 
Surrounded  by  its  cultured  lands, 
Where  oft  the  traveler  stops  to  see 
The  poor  and  hundjje  devotee. 


MOU^TAIN  MARY. 

Far  from  the  woiM  and  all  its  strife, 
And  care,  old  Mary  dwells  alone- 
And  tho'  siie  treads  the  vale  of  life, 

Her  mind  is  not  o'erthrown; 
But  the  bright  eveninir  of  her  davs, 
Is  passed  away  in  prayer  and  pniis'e, 
Like  that  fair  bird,  whose  latest  hou'r 
Is  full  of  music's  magic  power, 
And  who,  in  death,  awakes  a  tone, 
^  Far  sweeter  than  his  life  had  known. 

She  owns  no  sect  — but  thus  has  trod 
The  path  of  piety  from  youth  — 
.     '        And  she  is  one  who  worships  God 
In  spirit  and  in  truth. 
Her  praise  is  j.ure  — devoid  of  art  — 
The  adoration  of  tlie  heart;  — 
And  tho'   'tis  simple,  owns  no  less 
The  majesty  of  holiness; 

And    shines    as    bright,    where   praver    is    heard 
As  aught  by  loftier  lips  preferred. 

As  the  sweet  star  of  evening  shines, 

When  sinking  brightly  to  repose, 
Towards  life's  last  goal  she  now  declines, 
^  The  horizon  of  her  close— 

With  as  much  calm  serenity, 
As  tho'  she  waited  but  to  die; 
As  tho'  the  toils  of  time  were  o'er, 
And  she  were  lingering  on  the  shore, 
'Till  the  light  bark  of  death  should  cijme, 
To  bear  her  to  a  better  home. 

There  is  a  little  spot,  which  she 

Now  holds  witlun  her  cottage  view,— 
V  There  sleeps  her  line  of  ancestry. 

And  she  will  sleep  there  too. 
And  tho'  the  name  of  Mary  Young 
Be  not,  on  earth,  remembered  long, 
There  is  a  Morld  where  virtue  lives 
Beyond  the  linut  memory  gives; 
And  from  its  earthly  frailties  free, 
Blooms  on,  in  one  eternity. 

Copied  from  a  newspaper  clipping  loane.l  bv  Mrs.   Harriet  do  B    Keim 
Deen  the      Times,      published  in  the  fall  of  1S74. 


]37 


338                                TllK  ]'KXXS]  JJA.\IA-Gi:i;MAX.                  ■   ■      .  S 

MARY  OF  THE  MOUNTAIN.  I 

BV    MU.-^.    CHAI;LKS    EVANS.                              ,                         '  >' 

Upoi)  tlic  lofty  iiKiLiiuaiii 's  luako                                  '                               '  •' 

\Vitli  vcrJaiit  trees  o 'ergrowii,                                                     ■  ^ 

"Witliin  a  little  lowly  cot,  v 
Whieb   seems  l^y  all  the  world  forgot,                                     ■          . 

Poor  Mary  lives  aloiie.                                                      _  ■: 

To  her,  her  garden  niec  and  trim,  '•_■ 

lb'  worth  a  miser's  lioard —  i 

With  iiianv  a  liloomiug  ii(.nveret  fair,  | 

And  many  a  shrub  of  virtue  rare,  .* 

And  fruits  and  cereals  stored.  ft 

Beside  her  little  cottage  neat  |' 

A  hedge  of  briar  grov.s,  * 

Where  berries  red,  with  grapes  entwine,  ■• 

By  cultivation  nutde  more  fine,  :; 

And  niingltnl  Avith  tl)e  rose.  ■< 

And  all  around  a  meadow  green  'u 

Slopes  toward  the  mountain  side,  /-' 

The  softened  valley  lies  below  | 

The  woods  above  wave  to  and  fro,  |.i 

Extending  far  ami  wide.  I 

■4 

Beyond  tli'  expansive  fertile  vale,  ^ 

A  range  ot  moantains  he.  i 

^Miere  cultivated  fields  are  seen,  5 

Among,  the  wild  wood  's  thick 'ning  green,  i 

To  charm  the  wanderer 's  eve.  I 

,? 

I've  traced  the  footi'ath  way  that  goes  | 

Across  the  meadow  green.  | 

That  passes  this,  an  orchard  fair,  | 

Leads  to  a  shady  grove  and  there                                                 ■  > 

Displays  a  melting  scene.  | 

I 

Within  a  little  rustic  fence  '■ 

Beneath  the  dark  wood  shade,  ij 

Dressed  with  affection's  kindest  care,  | 

And  dewed  with  many  a  tender  tear,  I 

Three  shaded  graves  are  made.  | 

Two  sisters  and  a  mother  dear,  s 

Here  rest  tiieir  kindred  clay,  | 

There  Mary  finds  a  kind  relief  'i 

From  every  care  an<l  e\ery  grief,  't 

For  here  she  crimes  to  pray.  •> 


ilAny  OF  THE  MorXTAIX. 

Where  M;ny 's  self  may  shorfiy  rest, 

Remains  a  uarrow  spaoe— 
Tuo  stouts  y.y  luiUire  j'olisheil  o'er 
From  off  the  mountain  siilo  siio  bore, 

To  mark  her  future  place. 

Iler's  is  a  meek  and  Ii.wly  mind, 

In  heaven  she  puts  her  trust ; 
Her  humble  knees  had-  daily  jn-essVl 
The  sod  that  wraps  her  nn)ther's  breast, 
And  worn  it  to  the  dust. 

She  never  Leaves  her  pivieetul  cot 

Of  worLlly  joys  to  hear, 
But  by  the  bed  of  pain  or  yrief 
To  watcii,  to  soothe,  to  give  relief 

Js  her  peculiar  care. 

A  sacred  piety  of  mind 

Illumes  her  pensive  face  — 
Her  eyes  are  soft   expressive,  lilue. 
Her  liair  not  (dianged,  lier  wrinkles  few, 

Iler  manners  marked  by  grace. 

Her  form  is  gently  bent  by  time. 

Her  voice  is  soft  and  meek; 
The  rose  and  Jily  had  eombinetl. 
And  still  their  tints  remain  behind, 

The'  faded  on  her  cheek. 

jS'o  sad  presage  of  future  woe, 

Xo  hope  of  future  gain. 
None  save  the  blessed  hope  of  heaven, 
To  have  her  frailties  all  forgiven, 

And  then  in  bl'ss  remain. 

No  wild,  tunnilluous,  giddy  .joys, 

Nor  vain  tormenting  pains. 
Disturb  the  tenor  of  her  mind; 
Alike  to  good  or  ill  resign 'd. 

And  free  from  worldly  gains. 

From  persecution  's  iron  hand, 

And  fierce  religious  strife; 
From  Belgian's  hostile  sliore  she  tied, 
And  here  for  thirty  years  has  led 

A  peaceful,  quiet  life. 


y.vj 


140  Till':  P^XXSYUAMA-GKILMAS. 

Her  ain]>le  mind  is  unooiitroUeil 

By  siiperstition's  sway; 
]\o  rigid  sectary  is  she, 
Who  thinks  the  road  to  heaven  free 

To  only  such  as  they. 

Or  in  the  world,  or  solitude, 

Grace  must  be  sought  by  prayer; 
For  even  in  the  desert  wild, 
The  hunian  heart  may  bo  beguil'd; 
The  tempter  comes  e'en  there. 

She  thinks  the  temple  of  the  Lord 

Is  all  Creation's  space. 
That  every  fervent  prayer  is  heard 
Whether  from  mountain  top  preferred 

Or  consecrated  place. 

The  Saviour's  precepts,  fair  and  mild, 

She  studies  to  obey, 
And  always  prays  with  fervent  zeal 
For  those  who  cannot,  will  not  feel, 

But  trifle  life  away. 

No  nie\ving  cat  or  barking  cur 

Coaiiianions  of  her  way, 
For  midst  the  hollow  tempest 's  moan 
She  never  feels  herself  alone — 

Her  Bible  is  her  stay. 

And  all  within  her  cleanly  cot 

For  comfort  is,  or  use, 
No  shrilly  croak  of  chanticleer, 
A'or  busy  cackling  pullet  there. 

Nor  noisy,  gabbling  goose. 

The  dawning  day  beholds  her  rise 

To  say  her  matin  prayer; 
A  sober,  sleek,  domestic  cow. 
That  feeds  upon  the  mountain's  brow, 

She  cherishes  with  care. 

The  milk  is  Mary  's  daily  food, 
Nor  craves  she  aught  beside. 
Save  wholesome  vegetable  roots. 
And  wild  and  simple  mountain  fruits, 
And  these  are  all  supplied. 


AlAJ;y  OF  THE  AIOLWTJIN.  141 

^Vhl•n  the  late  blasts  of  Autunm  strip 

The  leaves  from  every  tree, 
These  Maiy  heaps  beneath  a  sheil 
I'o  make  lier  cow  a  ^\ inter  bed, 

And  -vvarni  and  snug  is  she. 

'Tis  silence— all  save  distant  sounds, 

Borne  by  the  breeze  aK)ng, 
And  if  an  evening  mild  anil  still, 
Close  by  her  side  the  whip-poor-will 

Will  chant  his  mournful  song. 

One  winter  night  when  not  a  light 

Was  seen  the  country  round. 
And  hollow  blasts  came  whistling  by, 
And  drifting  snow  and  sleet  di<l  fly. 

And  covered  all  the  ground : 

As  Mary  lay  in  calm  repose, 

Strange  accents  met  her  ear; 
"Open  to  me  your  cottage  door, 
For  I  am  cold  and  1  am  poor, 

Ana  you  have  naught  to  fear; 

"I've  wandered,  anil  I  know  not  where, 

And  can 't  the  road  regain, 
My  hair  is  stilf  with  frozen  sleet, 
My  hands  are  cold,  benumbed  my  feet, 

Oh!  haste,  relieve  my  pain." 

The  voice  was  rough,  the  time  was  late, 

'Twas  at  the  midnight  hour; 
"Protect  me,  God  of  Love,  most  bless  M;" 
And  as  she  whispered  out  the  rest, 

Unbarreil  the  cottage  door. 

She  trimmed  her  little  sinking  fire 

And  made  a  blazing  heat, 
She  dried  his  garb  with  kindest  care 
And  thawed  and  wrung  his  sleety  hair, 

And  bathed  his  aching  feet. 

And  when  his  kindliest  eye  confess 'd 

His  life-bloo<l  warm  and  free. 
She  ?})read  her  simple  cottage  store. 
And  what  couM  courtly  grace  do  more — 

'Twas  nature's  courtesv. 


142  THE  FhWx^iLi  jmagj:i:mj.\. 

And  now  tiu'    'wiliU'ix'tl  waiKlcriny  giu'st 

Wuulil  ti'inp!   the  ilroary  night; 
Tilt'  {latl;  was  hid   hiiualii   tlie  snow, 
xVnd   hanh.r   ilnl   the   tuiiia'st    l>l(.\v, 
2s'or  iniMin  nur  star  gave  ligiit. 

Then  Mar}-  lit  hei    hmtera  dear 

And  left  her  waini  aliude; 
O'er  craggy  nuks.  txith  v.ild  aui.l  slee]', 
And  gh'ns  whuse  snows  were  drifted  deep, 

She  led  him  to  the  road. 


Anil  ere  the  dawning  morning  rose                '^                                     ■  fj 

Returned  to  wateh  and  pray —  'I 

May  equal  purity  of  mind,  i 

As  calm,  as  iioly,   anii   relined,  I 

Eeward  my  latest  day.  \ 

May  I  like  her  life's  journey  end,  * 

In  calm  and  j  eaeeful  resl.  i 

And  ■nben  the  Vireatli  forsakes  tliis  clay,  4 

Be  mv  soid  "s  sidrit  borne  a^vav,  ?( 

To  mansions  of  the  blest.  f 

% 

These   verses    were   written    rnauy   years    ago    by    the    late    Mrs.    Charles  '; 

Evan^,  of  Keadiug,   Pa.,      (wife    of    the    ftauider    of    the    Charles    Evan?  J 
Cemeten,-),  for  her  friend,  ]\Irs.  ]^dary  3.1ay  Kcim,  wife  of  Cleneral  George  de 

Benneville  Keim.  f 


We  are  again  indeljted  to  friends  for  photos,  cuts  or  other  assistance  in  the 
get-up  of  this  nundjer.  AVe  make  sperial  mention  of  Rev.  A.  Stapleton,  Dr. 
Thos.  J.  B.  Rhoads.  IMr.  11.  K.  Deisher.  and  G.  A.  Schlechter. 


This  magazine  desires  agents  in  all  Pennsylvania-German  districts  of  our 
country  and  ■v\iil  pay  liberal  premiums  for  securing  new  subscriptions. 

4b        «        * 

The  Feasts  of  Roses  held  June  Stli,  in  the  churcties  of  Tulpehocken  and 
Manheim  were  notable   e\fnts. 

*       A       * 

The  pastor  of  Salem  Reformed  churcli,  of  AUentown,  Pa.,  Rev.  A.  R. 
Bartholomew-,  D.D.,  has  signaleil  his  retirement  by  the  publication  of  a 
Brief  History  of  the  church  in  IGS  pages  of  pamphlet  form,  giving  in  thirty 
chapters  anil  fifteen  illustrations  a  complete  account  of  this  little  over 
twentT-five-ycar-old  ilock  —  now  the  most  numerous  congregation  in  AUen- 
town.   We  thank  our  oh    friend  1.  Y.  II..  president  of  consistory,  for  a  copy. 


BOOK 

NOTICES 

'Jhe  Vir  ['iiljlishiny  L'v.,  of  I'hiladelphia,  v.ith 

What  a  Woman  of  Forty-      ^,^.^   ^.,,,^^,,,,,   ....uipk.t.'s   a    seru-s    of    oxeeD.nt 

five  Ought  to  Know.  ,^^^^^j,^    ^_^.    ^^j^.^.j^    ^_^    ^,,j    ^.,,^^,^,„^^    ^j,,^    ^^^^_^. 

lie  the  luo^t  cHiniue'idaljle.  Tliey  (.-dver  a  luiiiilnT  i<f  hitherld  avoiiled 
puhjeets  Init  are  all  calculated  to  contribute  to-^vanls  health  and  purity.  The 
only  re:,M-et  expres?ed  in  the  appearance  of  this  series  is  tliut  these  bouks 
slu.uhl  not  have  been  written  and  i>ablished  generations  ayo.  To  take  a 
subject  which  has  been  abandoned  to  quacks  and  impostors  for  ages,  and  so 
to  lift  it  into  the  realm  of  pure  and  ?a<-red  thinking,  that  pastors  can  and 
do  commend  the  seri.s  from  their  ;iuli'its.  tliat  missionaries  translate  the 
books  for  use  in  the>ir  work,  that  parents  can  give  them  to  their  suns  and 
daugiiters,  is  an  avhievenu^nt  which  will  commend  this  series  to  every  intel- 
ligent an<l   thoughtful  person. 

In  this  latest  and  coiieluding  book  of  tlie  series,  Mrs.  Drake  has  equaileu 
in  stvle  and  interest  the  character  of  lier  j.revious  book,  eutitleil,  ' '  Wliat  a 
Young  Wife  Ouaht  to  Kuow, ''  for  whieh  she  received  a  prize  of  one  thou- 
sand dollars.  It  is  written  in  that  v.uolesome,  sympathetic  manner  charac- 
teristic of  all  the  purity  books  in  this  series. 

It  should  be  read  by  every  woman  nearing  and  passing  through  middle 
life.-  It  will  do  much  to  reassure  nervcms  ones  needlessly  alarmed  by  patent 
medicine  advertising  and  opinions  of  ill-advised  friends,  and  will  dispel  ap- 
[irehcnsions  aroused  by  groundless  forebodings. 

^^'hile  my  readers  are  mostly  men,  this  book  is  yet  gladly  brought  to  their 
notice  since  most  of  them  have  wives,  or  sisters  to  whom  a  copy  might  prove 
a  veritable  Godsend.  Cloth,  211  pp.,  $1  net.  Yir  Pu..wshiug  Co.,  113  Heal 
Estate  Trust  Bldg.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

The  Pennsylvania-German,  Society  will  publish  about 
A  History  of  the  Q^.j^,p,^,j._  iyo2,  in  Volume  Xll.  of  its  Proceedings  and 
Schwenkfelders.  ^^^j.^i-psses  a  History  of  the  Schwenkfelders  prepared  by 
the  undersigned,  as  part  of  a  narrative  and  critical  history  of  Pennsylvania. 

A  special  edition  of  this  history  wiU  be  issued  by  the  author  at  the  same 
time  in  cloth  bunding  ^ntli  gilt  and  uncut  edges  similar  to  the  German  Sec- 
tarians by  Sachse,  and  will  contain  about  '2'2')  pages. 

The  book  will  be  illustrated  by  copious  selections  from  abundance  of  char- 
aeteriptic  Schweukf elder  material.  It  will  contain  to  a  very  considerable 
extent  valuable  historic  material  hitherto  unpublished  and  will  not  be  re- 
issued. 

This  limited  edition  will  be  sold  by  yuliseription  only  and  not  by  the 
book  trade.  Orders  must  be  placed  at  once,  at  $2.50  jicr  volume,  with  the 
author,  Prof.  H.  W.  Kreibel,  East   Greenville.  I'a. 

Its 


1i    t* 

LITERARY    NOTES 

-^    ia 

Summary  of  the  June  Number  of  "House  and  Garden." 

Though  domestic  and  a;.jriouitural  in  their  tastes,  the  priuiitive  Pennsyl- 
vania-Gerniaus  ha%e  ur.eoiist'iuusly  euntributed  tu  the  histury  of  Amerieau 
art  hy  means  oi  their  beautiful  househoM  pottery.  Its  wonderful  decora- 
tive character  is  shown  in  a  paper,  illustrated  by  half-tone  and  color,  con- 
tributed by  Edwin  Atlee  Barber  to  the  .luiie  number  of  House  and  Garden. 
Mr.  Barber  is  the  curator  of  the  Pennsylvania  Museum,  in  Fairmouut  Park, 
Philadelphia,  where  the  only  collection  of  this  pottery  exists.  "The  Treat- 
ment of  City  Squares"  by  Charles  Mulford  Kobinson,  the  foremnst  author- 
ity upon  street  designing,  "Kcmodeling  an  Old  Italian  tiarden  in  the 
Eighteenth  Century,"  by  Eleanor  G.  Hewitt,  "A  House  Recently  Com- 
pleted at  Gemiantown,' '  "Twin  Oaks,"  a  beautiful  country  place  near 
Washington,  D.  C,  are  among  the  June  contents  of  a  magazine  already 
familiar  to  those  v\ho  love  beautiful  homes,  their  interiors  and  their  sur- 
roundings. 

"^Vayside  Wanderings"  is  a  published  address  of  our  poetically  nurtured 
friend  the  editor  of  the  Reading  Times  — <'ol.  T.  C.  Zimmerman,  who  recent- 
ly delivered  the  ''Reveries  of  a  Walker"  before  the  stuiieuts  of  ^lulden- 
berg  College,  where  the  same  was  duly  appreciated.  It  is  fine  reading, 
written  in  a  lofty,  fanciful  style,  urging  walking  as  a  means  of  healthful 
and  instructive  exercise,  au<l  abounding  with  descriptions  of  actual  beauties 
and  delights  attained  in  his  own  "  Fiissgiinger "  experiences. 

The  never  failing  novel  of  the  month  in  the  June  Lippincott  is  attrac- 
tively named  "A  Real  Daugliter  of  tlie  Revolution."  It  is  by  Caroline 
Gebhardt,  whose  Southern  birth  has  inspired  her  to  write  of  the  struggle 
for  liberty  as  it  centres  to  a  finish  at  Yorktown.  The  heroine  is  a  beauty 
■whose  family  are  in  sympathy  Mith  tlie  liedcoats,  but  she  releases  their 
prisoner,  her  unacknowledged  lover,  sides  with  Sumter's  raiders,  and  flouts 
the  advances  of  the  English  commander,  who  is  quartered  on  her  father's 
plantation.  The  closing  scenes  at  Yorktown  are  written  with  a  patriotic 
ring  that  will  thrill  the  descendants  of  the  "Real  Daughter  of  the  Revolu- 
tion." 

We  have  receive. I  a  very  interesting  pamphlet  containing  tlie  published 
addresses  delivered  at  the  Sesqui-Centennial  of  the  County  of  Berks,  which 
event  was  duly  observed  at  Reading  ^landi  11,  19()"J,  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Historical  Society  of  Berks  county,  wh<i  published  these  speeches  as 
one  of  the  regular  issues.  It  opens  witli  an  ode  from  the  facile  pen  of  Col. 
Tho3.  C.  Zimmerman,  following  which  are  the  addresses  in  full  by  Hon. 
Henry  ^{.  Dechant,  Rev.  J.  W.  Early,  Dr.  X.  C.  Schaeffer,  Judge  G.  A. 
Endlich  and  Louis  Richards.  Esq. 


4 

5:.;:  •■,-;-':.    ir^vi^ 
V-.  >^\.' 


Front'Spisce                     .          .       Henry  Muhlenberg,  D.D. 

Editorial,           .        .         .         ...        .         .  145 

Vacation, ,  .  146 

Famous  Pennsylvania-Genrans,    .        .        .  147 

Poetic  Gems, 156 

D'c  A):  Ciccr  Mueh!,        M  S:bcenie  Ahie  He'math. 

Kcftrcfa'Srktawg.  Spoiiear, 

Die  ^ilt  Uf  Vendue.        Die  Besht  Zeir. 

Historic  Pilgrimages,  .        .        .        ... 

From  R:adin2  lo  Yori.     ,  ■     , 

>X'ho  Was  Logan?  .,..,. 
Birthplace  of  the  Tslcphenet        .        .        . 
The  Gerniaris  a?  a  Factor,       .... 
Tombstone  Inscriptions,       .... 
Curiou5  Inscriptions,       ..... 
Der  Ev-'ige  Jaeger,          ..... 
Book  Notices, 


IC' 


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Pennsylvania- German 


REV.    l>.    C.    CBOLI..    A.M.  E1)\\AEI>    K.    <"KOLJ, 

Tfims:  $1.(11-1  }>er  ytnr  in  nijvfiiicr:  fl  i'^  nftfr  ttirrt-  inunlhs 


Vol.   Ill  LEBANON,    PA.,  OCTOBER,    1902  No.  4 


(KntHrr.l  ;\t  tllf  H.HI-oRi.  ._•  til  T.-.l.ali..:, ,  1',-,      :i,  ^..-uini-.-Ln-  uinttLri 


Fv^'.-^  '  -■"-"^^•^  HIS  nuniljcr  concludes  the  third  volume  of  this 

[■p^^p''-^^^;^fl  unique  niagazine.     It  is  the  constant  gratifica- 

H  ('•' ''H?  ?^'i'r<''/M!  tion  of  its  editor  that  its  issues  fall   into  such 

•]j^S^/ J fl  •'vOMI  3^J^6    siitl    a])preciativc   hands.      lie   has    heard 

ffV^tN'--  f/''^^  V  ^'^^^'^  kind  and  coniplimentary  words  since  he 

i    \\^\'Mf^i)   y  has  played  the  editorial  role  than  probalily  in 

t^sy^c^, — .h-<._;?1  g|j  ^j.,g  j-pgj.  q£  j^j^  jjjg  together.     He  feels  proud 

of  the  reception  accorded  it.  For  a  dozen  times,  now,  he  rejoices 
that  he  has  been  the  message-hearer  of  real  heart-felt  satisfaction' 
to  the  most  select  class  of  our  Pennsylvania-German  stock,  tilling 
many  of  the  highest  stations,  and  distributed  over  the  entire 
Union— a  few  in  fc^reign  lands. 

While  this  is  enough  glor}-  for  so  short  a  period,  the  editor  con- 
fesses that  he  shares  the  feelings  of  the  little  boy  at  picnic,  whom 
his  pastor  rec^ucsted  to  pick  some  mountain  tea  that  grew  near  by. 
After  the  boy  came  with  an  armful,  the  reverend  clergyman  pat- 
ted his  head  and  remarked  in  PennsNlvania-German  :  "Du  bist  en 
schmarter  Pub!  Ich  l)e(lar,k  mich  aw  fer  den  G'falle!"  The  boy 
replied :  "  "Sis  gern  g'schehna :  avver  *n  Cent  war  mir  liever 
g'west."  So  we  appreciate  \er}-  much  the  appreciation  thus  far 
shown.  The  m(_)st  keenly  appreciated  compliment,  however,  is  the 
kind  shown  by  a  numl)er  whose  renewal  was  accompanied  by  one 
or  more  new  subscrii>tions,  with  the  cash  for  same.  Xow  a 
gentle  hint.  As  time  for  renewal  has  come  for  most  subscribers, 
let  me  suggest  that  each  one  in  some  way  strive  to  duplicate  his 
own  subscription  by  interesting  (^r  enrolling  a  friend.  The  books 
for  1903  are  open.    Thanks  in  a  Ivance. 


146 


THE   PK\.\  SYLlAMA-aEKMAN. 


VACATION 

WTTAT  {licturos  ami  associations  vliiig  to  this  one  simple  word!  One 
sets  in  it  foreign  huuls,  towering  mountain  peaks  and  luxuriant  val- 
leys, ocean  breakers  and  pebbly  beach,  lakes  and  rivers,  glens  and 
grottoes,  crowds  and  solitudes.  The  Ivlitor,  loo,  Joined  the  midsummer  annual 
kick  againsr  monotonims  toil,  wlicn  traces  broke  and  harness  tell  otr  his 
shoulders.  This  year  he  hied  a\\ay  to  the  sceiu  s  of  his  childhood  and  summer- 
ed among  his  n  Litives.  lie  had  three  weeks  to  "do"  three  coun  ies,  and  he 
cut  a  wide  swath  out  of  IVnnsyhania-Ciermandom.  He  took  his  wife  and 
children  with  him  to  widen  the  pathway  and  doorway  of  his  "open  sesame." 
He  had  steam  and  trolley  roatls;  two,  four  and  cight-wheelers  at  his  com- 
mand; p>edal,  horse,  steam  and  electric  j)0wer  to  convey  him.  Rural  nature 
never  was  lovelier,  iior  sctnic  landscapes  more  charming.  He  traversed  the 
Lebanon  and  East  Penu  Valleys  from  Lebanon  to  Easton,  the  Sehuylkill  Val- 
ley he  surveyed  frum  Neversink  to  Port  Clinton,  the  Lehigh  Valley  from 
Glen  Onoko  to  the  river's  mouth  at  the  I'orks  of  the  Delaware,  and  the  Del- 
aware from  Kittatinny  Wiiter  Gap  to  Fhillipsburg,  X.  ,1.  He  criss-crossed 
the  counties  of  Berks,  I.eliigli  and  Xorthampttui  by  trolley  and  broke  the 
record.  (Oh  I  what  a  perfect  electric^  locomotive  system  centers  at  Allen- 
town.  Hither  let  all  managers  of  trolley  lines  and  systems  come  to  learn 
wisdom^the  secret  of  success  and  wealth  In'  a  reduction  of  rates,  one  fare 
for  from  seven  to  twelve  miles!  Let  Allentownians  not  fail  to  erect  a  mon- 
ument to  Tom  Johnson,  who  installed  this  IjChigh  Valley  system  and  short- 
ened his  life  by  altruistic  over- 
work.) But  back  to  the  Editor's 
vacation.  He  visited  almost  every 
relative  above  or  under  ground,  in 
five  generations  of  direct  line  and 
in  four  degrees  of  collateral  con- 
sanguinity of  his  own  and  wife's 
line.  He  ate  of  everything  that 
grew  on  tree  or  plant,  in  ground  or 
air  or  water,  or  was  covered  with 
scales  or  hair,  feathers  or  furs.  He 
breathed  God's  purest  air  by  day 
and  slept  like  a  top  all  night.  He 
came  back  to  find  an  average  gain 
of  wtight  of  si.v  pounds  avenlupois 
I»er  heaii,  his  son  of  ten  leading  by 
an  actual  gain  ef  ten  pounus.  Hes- 
ter food,  purer  air,  grander  sunsets 
hnelier  homes  and  finer  farms  can- 
not be  found  than  these  where  the 
dwellers  still  talk  in  Pennsylvania 
"Dutch.''  A  goodlier  lit  rltage  or 
a  mvvv  prc^jiercus  i-ir  contented 
[leoplc  uc  know  not. 


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ONOKO  FALLS  AT  CLEN  ONOKO 


Famous  Pennsylvania-Germans 

GOTTHILF  HENRY  ERNEST  MUHLENBERG,  D.D. 

OTTHILK  IIHXKV  EKXEST  MrHLEXnERG  ,l,c 
youngest  .on  of  tl,c  Patrinrch  Henrv  ^rdcl,ior  .M„l,Ic„- 
IXTfr.  a,„l  I,,,,  „iK,  Anna  Maria  W.isor,  wI,o  survived  the 

^.ont,o„r::i::::'lt:;t::r;:::;.:;:^iT:''"T':f 

^;f:rr::;;v:-.:-:;--;-;,:- 
^:e^:n;r,c:iT:,i:!'-;:,-r.^-:f 

den,  of  the  fan         a        r  '     '"f"'  "'"■  ""-'  ''"-■  '*""'^-  'l'^'  -^t- 

is    the  1  '''"Y       '^  ^""'  ass.x-.ation  „-„!,  lu's  |,ro,|,ers      A.  it 

IS.  the  uorltl  speaks  of  liim  as  ■■Mulilc-ihrn-.    ,„     i    .  ■ 

not  as  -xr,,.,!     I  ,       ..  ■'lunK.iliir;;,   tue  l.otamst      and 

not  as     Alunlcnljerj;.  tiie  divine." 

He   reexivcd  liis  earlv  education   m    v..„-   i>       •, 

^-"-- ^ '•----";^'.'^:/::n;:Ce::::!: 


]4S  THE   rE:,.\syLl'AMAGKi;MAN. 

to  IMiilack-Iphia  at  the  urgent  reciuest  of  tlie  German  Luthtran 
congregation  of  that  city,  wiien  it  was  continued  in  the  schools 
of  tliat  place  and  congregation.  In  the  earl}'  part  of  1763  the  fath- 
er, realizing  the  necessity  of  an  a.lvanced  instrnction  which  conld 
not  be  obtained  in  that  locality,  determined  to  send  the  two  older 
boys  to  the  llalle  Institute,  in  (jcrmany.  and  with  them  their 
youthftil  brother,  Henry,  knowing  that  sneh  an  opportnnity  might 
not  again  occur  for  him. 

On  April  27,  a  mere  child  of  ten,  he  embarked  on  the  packet 
ship  Captain  I'.udden,  at  Philadelphia,  bade  farewell  to  his  parents, 
and  after  an  uneventful  voyage  of  no  unusual  length,  found  him- 
self safely  in  the  hospitable  home  of  Dv.  Zitgenhagen,  the  court 
chaplain  at  London,  and  his  father's  old  friend,  on  June  15th.  A 
sojourn  of  some  weeks  at  London  was  followed  by  the  departure 
of  the  little  jiarty  for  Germany,  via  Rotterdam.  Here  the  l)rothers 
separated,  the  two  older  ones  proceeding  direct  to  their  destina- 
tion at  Halle  while  Hem-y,  under  the  care  of  an  attendant,  started 
for  Eimheek  to  visit  the  home  of  his  father.  This  journey  proved 
to  be  the  beginning  of  his  real  journey  through  life.  After  a  while 
his  guide  left  him  when,  for  the  first  time  he  was  thrown  upon  his 
own  resotirces  and  left  to  his  own  action,  guided  by  his  c>wn  rea- 
soning. W'e  are  told  that  as  he.  at  last,  approached  the  town,  fa- 
tigued, hungry  and  despairing,  a  good  Samaritan  kindly  took  him 
on  his  back  and  carried  him  the  remaining  distance,  charming 
away  the  lad's  trouliles  by  his  entertaining  stories. 

At  Halle  he  showed  such  marked  proficiency  in  his  studies,  and 
such  diligence  in  their  preparation,  that  he  attained  the  head  of 
his  class.  On  September  2,  1769,  came  the  death  of  his  friend,  and 
his  brother  Frederick's  sponsor,  the  Director  Gotthilf  August 
Francke.  The  sponsors  of  Henry  were  John  Henry  Keppek  and 
Herr  IL'inzelman.  IL^  doubtless  receivLd  his  second  name  from 
.'Mr.  Keppele,  who  was  a  prominent  Philadelphia  merchant,  elder 
•of  the  Lutheran  church,  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Assembly, 
first  I'resident  of  the  German  Society  and  father-in-law  (3f  Dr. 
Helmuth.  It  is  not  unreasonable  to  presimie  however,  that  his 
first  name,  Gotthilf.  was  derived  from  the  same  source  as  his 
brother's  middle  nanie,  Augustus.  Pe  tliat  as  it  ma}',  Julius  F. 
^achse.  r'srp.  has  disci">verctl  and  given  to  the  public  a  luijst  inter- 


aOTTJULF  lIKMn-  KhWST  MVlILEXBia^G,  D.D.  149 

esting  poem,  which  is  truly  a  literary  curiosity,  written  at  the 
time  to  give  expression  to  the  feelings  of  the  two  brothers  upijn 
the  decease  of  their  friend  and  benefactor.  It  is  possible  that 
P'rederick  ahme  may  have  written  it,  but  it  is  signed  by  both  tlie 
boys,  and  it  is  but  right  to  assume  that  Henry  had  some  small 
part,  at  least,  in  its  preparation. 

In  1770,  accompanied  b}-  his  brother  Frederick,  and  future 
brother-in-law,  Rev.  John  Christojther  Kunze,  he  returned  to 
Philadelphia,  having  completed  his  course  at  Halle.  So  marked 
was  his  proficiency  at  the  Synodical  examination,  and  so  thorough 
was  his  classical  and  theological  education,  that,  though  but  seven- 
teen years  of  age,  he  was  ordained  to  the  Lutheran  ministry  on 
October  25,  1770,  at  the  meeting  of  the  ?\Iinisterium  held  in  Read- 
ing, at  the  same  time  as  his  lirother  Frederick. 

As  assistant  to  his  father  he  remained  in  Philadelphia,  serving 
the  congregation  of  that  city,  as  well  as  those  at  Barren  Hill  and 
on  the  Raritan,  in  New  Jersey. 

On  April  5,  1774,  he  was  elected  third  associate  pastor  in  Phil- 
adelphia. 

On  July  26,  1774,  he  was  married  to  Mary  Catliarine  Hall  (born 
December  26,  1756.  d.  ]\Iay  i,  1841)  daughter  of  Philip  and  Susan 
Catharine  Hall,  of  Philadelphia. 

The  outspoken  loyalty  of  the  entire  [Muhlenberg  family,  coupled 
with  their  patriotic  deeds,  marked  them  for  Tory  vengeance  as 
opportunit}'  might  occur.  \\'hen,  therehire.  the  arrival  of  'the 
British  was  expected  in  December,  1776,  with  his  wife  and  eldest 
child,  ]^Iary  Cartharine.  but  three  months  okl  (  b.  September  2. 
1776,  d.  1843,  "i-  Jf^hn  ^vlusser,  of  Lancaster,  I'a.)  he  fled  to  the 
country,  returning  when  the  alarm  was  over.  After  the  battle  of 
Brari(l}-wine,  when  the  "red  coats""  had,  iti  fact,  occupied  the  city 
he  remainel  until  safety  once  Tuore  demanded  flight.  Disguised 
as  an  Indian,  n^bed  in  a  blanket  and  with  a  gun  on  his  shoulder, 
even  then  the  treachery  of  a  Tory  inid<eeper  might  have  resulted 
iri  his  detection  had  it  not  hccn  \or  the  friendly  warning  of  a 
Whig  occupaiit  of  the  buildiug.  He  reached  Xew  Hanover  in 
safety  and  there,  for  a  year,  devoted  the  time  of  his  enforced 
leisure  to  a  vigorous  study  of  botan\',  or  rather  to  a  practical  ap- 
plication of  the-  knowledge  which  he  already  possessed  of  it,  until 


150 


THE   ri..,.,syi.\  AMA-ULUMAN. 


the  evaciiation  of  the   British  troops  June,   1778,  enabled  him  to 
return  once  more  to  the  field  of  his  labors  in  I'hiladelphia. 

Early  in  1779.  after  his  brother  bVederick  had  entered  the  po- 
litical arena,  he  succeeded  him   as  pastor  at   New   Hanover,  but 


f 


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;■■■:•  ^'  ■-         ■-        -  ,■-  m 


TRINITY  LUTHERAN  CHURCH,  LANCASTER,  PA. 

remained  there  only  until  the  fDllmvinij:  \ear  when  he  v.as  called  to 
Lancaster.  I'a..  as  Dr.  ]Iclmuth"s  successor  in  the  pastorate  of 
TrinitV  Lutheran  cumji'csialion. 


GOTTHILF  IIKXUy  Kh'XST  ill^HlJ'.^  HtAiCi,  I).  I).  151 

Here,  for  thirty-five  years  he  labored  unceasingly  and  untir- 
ingly. Those  wlio  have  reaped  the  fruitage  of  his  planting  alone 
can  truly  realize  tlie  real  nature  of  his  work.  Most  diligent  and 
faithful,  in  season  and  out  of  season,  winning  the  dtcpest  attach- 
ment of  his  people,  the  luiiversal  esteem  of  his  brethren  in  the 
ministry,  and  the  admiration  of  his  associates  in  the  world  of 
learning  and  letters,  it  was  all  too  soon  when,  on  May  23,  1815, 
he  succumbed  to  a  stroke  of  apoplexy,  and,  with  his  Bible  clasped 
closely  to  his  breast,  gently  breathed  his  last,  in  the  sixty-second 
year  of  his  age.  His  funeral  sermon  was  preached  by  Dr.  Hel- 
muth,  from  the  text  Heb.  13:7,  and  his  body  interred  in  the  grave- 
yard of  Trinity  Lutheran  church  at  Lancaster,  Pa.  Following  is 
his  epitaph : 


Hier  ruhen  die  Gebeine  Gotthilf  Heinrich  Ernst  Muehlenberg:'s, 
S.  T.  D.,  der  diese  Gemeine  37  Jahre  lang  mit  dem  Evangelo  von 
Christo  als  treuer  Hirte  geweidet  hat.  Sein  Geist  entriss  sich  froh 
der  hier  nieder  gesenkten  Hutte  den  23ten  Mai,  1815,  im  62ten 
Jahre  seiner  Pilgrimschaft.  Die  ganze  Gemeine  beklagt  in  Ihm 
den  grcszen  Verlust  eines  Vaters  und  treuen  Lehrers.  Einer  Witwe 
und  8  Kindern  die  Ihm  dieses  Denkmal  errichten  bleibt  sein  An- 
denken  auf  immer  heilig. 

Heil  Dir  Du  hast   nach   trueben  Kumer   Stunden 
Auf  ewig  Ruh'    in   deinem   Herrn  gefunden; 
Wir  Kaempfen  noch;   der  Herr  sieht  unsere  Thraenen 
Womit  nach  Wiedersehen  wir  una  hier  sehnen. 


Llis  studv  of  botany  began  at  Halle,  while  the  star  of  Linnaeus 
was  in  its  ascendency,  and  his  interest  in  it  must  have  been  greatly 
enhanced  by  what  he  discovered  as  he  roamed  througli  the  tields 
of  his  native  place  in  ij/j  and  1778.  It  became  his  recreation  at 
Lancaster  t(3  drive  away  the  cares,  trials  and  discouragements 
from  which  no  faithful  pastor  is  exemi)t.  His  nature  and  learn- 
ing, however.  wouUl  not  permit  him  to  take  the  subject  up  in  a 
merely  sui)erficial  manner.  Lie  carefull\-  explored  not  only  Lan- 
caster county  but  opened  u[)  and  ke|)t  up  a  correspondence  with 
the  eminent  botanists  of  his  day  both  in  luirope  and  America.  The 
superirir  excellence  of  his  work  won  acknowledgment  and  com- 
mendation fri'Ui  nianv  learned  men  and  societies. 


152  THE  PES  y  SY  LV  AM  A-GiUiM  AN . 

The  priiiU'd  works,  upon  whicli  rest  liis  fame  as  a  botanist,  are 
but  two  in  number,  neither  very  voluminous,  and  yet  of  the  highest 
value  to  students.  The  first  is  his  "Catalogue  of  the  Hitherto 
Known  Native  and  Naturalized  Plants  of  North  Ameriea,"  print- 
ed at  Lancaster,  under  his  own  supervision,  in  1813.  The  second 
is  "A  Fuller  Description  of  the  Grasses  and  Se;'g^s  of  North 
America.  Indigenous  and  Naturalized,''  in  Latin,  with  a  preface 
by  his  son  Frederick,  published  in  I'hiladelphia  in  1S17,  more  than 
a  year  after  his  death. 

The  "Catalogue"  is  much  more  than  the  title  itself  would  indi- 
cate, as  it  embraces  in  condensed  form,  a  description  from  which 
the  species  can  be  generally  identified.  With  but  few  exceptions 
they  belong  to  the  Atlantic  Slope  of  the  United  States.  The  num- 
ber of  new  species  discovered  and  described  by  him  is  about  one 
hundred,  nearly  all  fiowering  plants.  But  of  the  eightv  species 
described  by  his  e'orrespondent.  Willdenow.  most  were  obtained 
from  him  as  the  collector  and  should  be  counted  in  the  extent  of  his 
contribution  to  science.  No  single  one  of  the  early  botanical  ex- 
plorers of  our  eastern'field,  except  perhaps.  Michaux,  did  so  much. 
and  what  he  did  was  well  done.  For  the  advance  he  made  in  the 
science  of  botany.  Dr.  Baldwin  declares  that  he  is  worthv  the 
title  of  "The  American  Linnaeus."* 

It  is  to  be  regretted  his  death  prevented  the  publication  of  man- 
uscript on  "Flora  Lancastriensis"  which  he  left  behind  him.  His 
herbarium  was  purchased  and  is  preserved  by  the  American 
Philosophical  Society. 

As  has  already  been  said,  man  is  prone  to  forget  the  deeds  done 
for  his  spiritual  welfare  and  to  remember  only  the  learning  or 
bravery  of  his  fellowman.  The  deeds  of  Afuhlenberg,  the  pastor, 
might  have  perished  from  the  memory  of  the  world,  but  as  the  late 
Dr.  Porter  (to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  nuich  of  this  botanical 
data)  has  wtU  remarked,  "dhe  name  of  Muhlenl)erg,  the  botanist, 
can  never  perish."  His  name  has  been  fittingly  recorded  in  the 
plant  world  in  all  the  three  ways  which  admit  of  perpetuation.  In 
the  first  place  it  has  been  api)lie(l  to  denote  a  species,  as  in  the 
Quercus  }*Iuhlenbergii  (Muhlenberg's  Oak),  which  he  discovered 
and  brought  to  note.  In  the  second  place  it  has  been  attached  to 
a   series  of   at   least   Diie   hundred   S})ecies   which   be    found,   and 


GOTTfllLF  HEM-y  KLWST  Ml'Il LKX BERG,  J).  J>.  153 

last]}-,  it  has  been  embodied  in  a  g-enus,  as  when  I'rof.  Scbreiljcr 
created  tlie  g-enus  Muhlcnbergia,  to  include  a  large  number  of 
beautiful  g^rasscs. 

The  Pennsylvania- German  has  been  accused,  most  ignorantly, 
of  a  lack  of  interest  in  matters  pertaining-  to  public  education.  As 
a  matter  of  fact  he  has  been  closely  identified  with  all  proper  ef- 
forts in  that  direction,  frecpiently  taking  the  lead  in  them.  He 
had  much  to  do  with  the  org-anization  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania in  1779,  at  which  time  the  Rev.  Dr.  Kunze  was  chosen 
German  Professor  of  Philology,  and  in  succeeding  years,  opened 
up  the  German  Department  of  the  University.  Four  years  later 
Dr.  Kunze  was  called  to  Coluiubia  College,  Xew  York,  and  Dr. 
?Ielmuth,  succeeded  to  his  chair  in  Philadelphia,  which  he  occupied 
until  1810. 

Even  before  the  Revolution  efforts  had  been  maele  to  establish 
a  college  west  of  the  Susquehanna,  but  the  necessary  charter  was 
refused  b\'  the  Provincial  authorities.  After  the  war  the  subject 
was  again  agitated  and,  with  the  co-operation  of  many  leading 
men,  a  charter  was  obtained  from  the  Legislature  to  locate  at  Car- 
lisle. One  week  after  the  charter  had  been  secure*]  the  first  meet- 
ing of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Dickinson  College  was  held,  Sep- 
tember 15,  17S3.  at  the  home  of  John  Dickinson,  in  Philadelphia, 
after  whom  the  ceillegc  was  named,  \\ho  became  its  tirst  President 
and  one  of  its  most  liberal  supporters.  The  first  Board  of  Trus- 
tees consisted  of  forty  men,  luany  of  the  highest  prominence  in  the 
State,  amongst  whom  was  Henry  Muhlenberg  \\ho  serveel  on  it 
from  1783  until  his  death  in  181 5. 

The  German  Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
flourished  under  the  charge  of  Dr.  Helnuith,  until  about  17S7  or 
1788,  when  it  began  to  decline  gradually  and  was  finally  discon- 
tinued. This  was  partly  owing  to  the  desire  of  the  German  popu- 
lation to  have  a  college,  devoted  entirely  to  their  interests  and  lo- 
cated more  nearly  in  the  midst  of  their  people.  It  having  been 
decided  to  found  a  ce»llege  of  this  character  at  Lancaster  a  charter 
was  secured  from  the  Legislature  on  ]\Iarch  10.  1787,  and  the  new 
institution  named  Franklin  College,  after  Benjamin  Franklin. 
Having  been  greatly  instrumental  in  its  founding  Henry  Muhlen- 
berg was  elected,  it'^  first  President,  on  June  5,  1787.  The  cohege 
was  dedicate.!    June  6,  at   which  time  both  the  Lutheran  ]\tinis- 


154  THK   rKyWSVLl-AMA-aKh'MAN. 

teriuin  and  the  Reformed  Coetus  were  in  session  in  Lancaster. 
Dr.  Muhlenberg  preached  a  German  sermon  in  the  Lutheran 
churcli  which  was  at  once  printed  in  pamphlet  form,  and  Dr.  Jo- 
seph Hutchins,  the  newly  elected  Professor  of  English  and  Belles- 
lettres,  delivered  a  discourse,  which,  however,  did  not  appear 
until  1806,  when  it  was  published  by  the  author  himself.  In  the 
course  of  his  college  work  he,  doubtless,  soon  realized  the  necessity 
for  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  English  language  and  so,  with 
the  view  of  aiding  his  countrymen  to  that  end,  in  conjunction  with 
Benedict  Schipher  as  co-author,  work  was  begun  on  a  large  "Eng- 
lish and  German  Lexicon  and  Grammar,"  which  was  issued  in 
1812. 

In  1780  the  L'niversity  of  Pennsylvania  conferred  upon  him  the 
degree  of  A.  M..  and  a  few  years  later,  that  of  D.  D.  On  Januar\- 
22,  1785,  together  with  General  Kosciusko,  William  Hersheh 
James  Madison  and  Thomas  Paine,  he  was  elected  to  membership 
in  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  in  1798  in  the  Natur- 
forschender  Freuncjc  of  Berlin,  in  1802  in  the  Philosophical  and 
Physical  Society  of  Gottingen,  and  in  other  associations  in  Ger- 
many, Sweden  and  elsewhere. 

Dr.  ^Muhlenberg  was  of  medium  height,  of  a  florid  complexion, 
a  robust  frame  and  remarkable  phvsical  strength.  He  was  a  great 
pedestrian,  frequentl_\-  making  trips  to  Philadelpiiia  and  other 
places  at  considerable  distance  almost  without  fatigue.  He  was 
an  earnest  and  able  preacher,  delivering  his  sermons  from  notes 
written  in  a  clear  but  minute  hand  on  narrow  slips  of  paper,  so 
minute  being  the  w  ritirg  as  to  be  almost  undecipherable  to  the  or- 
dinary reader. 

The  fruit  of  his  union  with  \Mary  Catharine  Hall  was: 

1.  Mary  Catharine  Muhlenberg,  b.  September  2,  1776;  d.  1843: 

m.  Mav  II,  1802,  John  Musser,  b.  November  2,  1774;  d. 
1813.    ' 

2.  Susanna  Elizabeth  Muhlenl)erg,  b.  October  26,  1779;  d.  July 

9,  1838;  m.  Peter  Schmidt,  b.  February  10,  1780;  d.  July 
18.  1831. 

3.  Henry  Augustus  Philip  Muhlenberg,  b.  'Ms.y  13,  1782;  d.  Au- 

gust II,  1844.  He  was  pastor  of  Trinity  Lutheran  church, 
Reading.  I'a..  fmni  1802  to  1827,  C  S.  Congressman  for 
five  terms.  Minister  to  Austria  in    1838,  i)opular  nominee 


GOTTHILF  IIKM;y  Kir\ST  M UH LKMU'.hG,  D.  D.  1.55 

for  Governor  of  Ptnnsylvania  at  time  of  death.  1844.  He 
married  first,  1S05,  Mary  Elizalieth  Hiester,  b.  1784;  d. 
March  21,  ]8o6;  dau.  Governor  Joseph  Jliester.  Married 
second,  June  7,  1808,  Rebecca  llicster,  sister  of  his  first 
wife,  b.  July  4,  1781  ;  d.  January  22.  1841. 

4.  John  I'hiHp  Emanuel  ^Muhlenberg-,  b.  March  31,  1784;  d.  1825; 

m.  Susan  Ann  Craig.     Xo  issue. 

5.  George  Peter   Samuel    Muhlenberg,  b.   October  7,    1786;   d. 

1827.    Single. 

6.  Mary   Henrietta    ^Muhlenberg,   b.    April    26,    1789;    d.    1850. 

Single. 

7.  Phillippa  Elizabeth   Muhlenberg,  b.  December   19,   1791 ;  m. 

Henry  Hufi'nagle,  b.  1787;  d.  1823.  No  issue. 

8.  Frederick  Augustus  Hall  ^Muhlenberg,  b.  March  28,  1795;  d. 

July  5.  1867;  m.  first,  February  6,  1816,  Elizabeth  Schaum, 
b.  Dectmber  23,  1799;  d.  January  8,  1826;  dau.  Benjamin 
and  Mary  Schaum;  m.  second.  May  8,  1828,  Ann  Eliza 
Duchman,  b.  Xovemlier.  1807;  d.  April  25,  18S1.  His  son, 
Rev.  Prof.  Frederick  A.  ^luhlenberg,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  served 
five  literary  institutions  of  his  State,  for  over  fifty  years  in 
all.  including  eleven  years  of  Presidency  of  Muhlenberg 
College. 
I  am  indebted  to  Rev.  Ernest  T.  Krttschmann,  Ph.D.,  for  ex- 
tracts used  in  this  sketch. 

$    ^    «> 

This  iiuk'h  belated  and  auxiouslv  luok- 
The  Pennsylvania-German  Society        ,     „  ..    ^  ,.     "  , 

ed    lor    voiunie    01     Froeeediugs    aud 

Addresses    of     the    Eleventh     Annual 
Proceedings  and  Addresses.  ,.  <■  ^>      r>  1       •    r^ 

meeting  or   the   Feunsylvania-Cttrmau 

Society,  convened  at  Eas'.on,  Pa.,  October  2(5,  1900,  has  come  at  last.  If  the 
delay  of  its  puVilicatinn  was  caused  by  a  desire  to  complete  the  work  in 
minute  researL-hes  and  verifications  of  its  historical  ])aiiers  or  the  elaliorate 
illundnation  of  i  s  many  tine  illustrati(jns,  tlien  the  patient'e  of  those  entitled 
to  copies  was  not  tried  without  amends.  Certain  ir  is  that  this  elalmrate  vol- 
ume of  over  .'^00  large  quarto  pagts  justifies  almost  any  proud  boast  of  this 
virile  St)ciety,  or  any  uneasiness  of  its  anxious  members.  The  histories  given 
and  covering  over  700  pages  are  the  early  history  of  tlie  Lutheran  and  Ger- 
man Ffefornied  Churehes  in  Pennsylvania,  treated  respectively  by  Kevs.  Dr. 
T.  E.  Si-hmauk  and  Jos.  H.  Dubbs,  two  pains-taking  and  aekuowledgeil  and 
broad-gauged  iiistorians.  To  tins  volume  generations  yet  unborn  will  repair 
for  historieal  data.  Dmil.'ly  fortunate  he  who  possesses  a  copy.  The  C(mtents 
are  enticing  and  [day  haoe  wi;h  one's  time,  if  he  begins  to  nildile  at  same. 


DIE  ALT  CIDER  MUEHL. 


BY  REV.  ADAM    STUMP. 


Doll  steht  die  alt,  alt  Cidor.muehl, 
Als  haet  sie  noeh  en  jiingos  G  'I'uehl. 
Der  Grossvater  in  alter  Zeit 
Hut  sie  fuer  ihreu  Zweek  bereit. 

Die  Aepel-schale 

Hut  er  vermable, 

Un  Droesehter  g'macht 

Bis  es  gegracht. 
Yergang  die  Zeit,  un  all  die  Leit. 


Sieht  jetz  die  Locchcr  doh  im  Dach. 
Dreh  '  niohl  die  Raeder.  "Sis  en  Saeh ! 
Doh  is  ke'  ZTseck,  doh  is  ke '  Ort ; 
Die  Wuerm  hen  den  Korb  verbohrt. 

Der  K'orb  %"ergosseI 

Die   Saft  verflosse! 
Hie-her!      Her-hie! 

Du  suesse  Brueli ! 
Wu  sin  die  Leit?     l)ie  Zeit  verfohrt. 


Holt  den  Shinmiel  an  des  G 'spiel; 
Shuet  die  Aepel  in  die  Muehl. 
Eens  is  g'cheit,  des  anner  dum, 
Dreht  die  Raeder  rum  un  rum. 

Roth  wie  Farbe 

Aus  deni  Korbe, 

Fliesst  doh  die  Brueh. 

Die  Blecher  hie! 
Es    Stromt    wie    Blut    ira     Sehaum 
herum. 


Fangt  den  Cider  in  des  Fass; 

Den   Droesehter    warft    mer    uf    dis 

Gras. 
Jetz    schallt    des    schoene    Mittags- 

horn ! 
Die  Lieb  bleibt  doh.  vergeh  der  Zorn. 

Dann  e'niohl  G'messe, 

Un  drei  Mohl  Gesse! 

In  's  Bett  dort  nuf ! 

Dann  wieder  uf! 
Die  Rosa  lieit,  un  nie  die  Porn! 


Die  Aepcl  graunze  in  der  Walz; 
Dort   sprit  St   vom   Stroh   des  gruene 

Alalz. 
Bedeckt    den     Korlj,    un    ziegt    die 

Schraub; 
Es  fliegt  die  Zeit  grad  wie  die  Daub. 

Die  Buwe  laehe, 

Die  Kanirne  graehe; 

Die  Maed  sin  doh 

Un  sin  so  froh. 
Wer  denkt  au  jetz  an's  kuehle  Grab? 


Doh  steht  sie  wie  en  grosser  T  — 
Die  Cider-muehl  im  Mond,  o  je! 
Der  Baum  is,  wie  der  Shimmel,  fort, 
Die  Blank  un  Shindle  sin  verdorrt. 

Die  Blocck  versimke, 

Der  Dag  versehwunde! 

Es  dut  em  -neh, 

Mer  muss  vergeh ! 
Der  Mond  gukt  draurig  uf  den  Ort. 


Die  alte  Muchl  steht  still  un  dum ;      • 
Es  geht  nix  nieh  im  Ringel  rum. 
En  Amschel,  %vie  en  junge  Braut, 
Hut  in  dem  Korb  ihr  Xtseht  gebaut. 

Dort  singt  sie  lieblirh. 

Un  waes  nix  drueblieh; 

' '  Mei  Heini  is  doh 

Ich  bin  so  froh ! 
Dem  Herr  is  alles  zuvertraut!  " 


Adieu,  du  alte,  Hebe  Muehl, 
Du  gebst  mir  jetz  en  wches  G'fuehl. 
Die  Lust  der  Kindheit  uie  des  Laub, 
Geht  mit  dir  zu  Aosdi  un  Staub. 

Ganz  vennahle. 

Bis  an  die  So  hale, 

Zehrt  uns  die  Welt, 

In  unsrer  Zeit, 
Un  drcibt  des  Lobe  in  des  Grab. 


PUKTIC  GEMS.  is; 

'N  SCHOENIE  ALTIE  HE'MATH. 
Wo's  Seidel's  Kop'  am  Himmel  hengt, 
Wo's  llaaga  Dahl  ins  Lutza  zwengt, 
Dazwischa  uf  rler  Summer  Seid 
Und  iwwers  Dahl,  paar  Kuda  weid, 
Der  winlcrseidig  lliwwel  nuf 
Bis  in  der  Biisch  ganz  oAvwa  druf, 
In  diesem  Dahl  beschiitzt  und  kle', 
Bescliteht    'n  lie 'math  ait  und  scho. 

M'r  wolla's  widder  schna   gch, 

Die  alt  forbildlieh  He 'math  seho.  '  -    ' 

M  'r  kumma  uf  die  alt  Schtiit  Sohtros, 
Die  macht  ans  Kricka  Miihl  sich  los 
Und  sehpringt  ans  Kloppa  Schtohr  ferbei 
Bis  uf  der  Schtiit  Berg  hooh  und  frei. 

Ans  Kloppa  is  m'r  als  bal  dort ; 
M 'r  laufa  dann  nach  ATesten  fort, 
E'  Hiwwel  nunner,  der  niiehseht  no  nuf, 
Und  schtoppa  bissel  owwa  druf 
,  Paar  Yard  am  Schtchn'na  Haus  ferbei; 
No  dreha  m  'r  reehts  der  Busch-schtick  nei 
Und  grattla  iuwer  die  Fens  ins  Feld. 

M'r  laufa  fort  ivie's  uns  gefellt 

Bis  owwa  uf  die  Schnerr;  now  schtop; 

Dort  driTST\a  is  der  Seidel's  Kop'; 

Do  hunna,  links,  is  Lutza  Dahl; 

Und  weiter  drunna  sehnsrdit   'n  Sohtrahl,— 

Sell  is  die  Crick  im  Haaga  Dahl; 

Und  grad  do  hunna  iuwer  die  Wiss 

Die  alt,  bequcni,  schr  He  'math  is. 

'Sis  gar  nix  fanciess  dort  am  Haus, 

'Sis  auwer  sauwer,  Dreck  all  h'aus; 

'N  dopplet,  zueh-sehtock,  Block  Gebeu, 
Bal  alles  alt,  sehr  wennig  neu. 

'N  feiner  Bamgarta  ov.wa  dro 
Maoht  Winters,  Summers,  Herbscht  f roh ; 
Tm  Winter  halt 's  der  kalt  Wind  \veg, 
Im  Sunmier  gebt 's  manch  Schatta  Fleck, 
Und  dann  im  Herbscht  sinn  Eppel  do. 

Now  guck's  mohl  a',  wie  scho  der  Platz; 
'N  herrlich  Tied,    'n  Baucrer  ^''liatz! 
Von  Schcuerlinir  zu  Uamgart  '  Fens 


158  TUE   J'h\.\syLlAMA-GKi;MAN. 

Js  Frelul  uud  Uut  iiud  ko  P^xpens; 
Von  l^iiingart'  End  zii  yelicuereck 
'N  berrlic'her  Vergniigeu  St-htreck! 

In  all  (.lie  Diiblcr  woid  licrum 
Hot  NifHiand  so    'n  Eigfuthuni, 
Vorbildlicli,  heniicb,  soho,  bequeni, 
XJnd  so  ErinnerungsvoU  an  He'm! 

Mei  Grossdaadie,  uf  der  Mutter  Seid, 
War  do  dahehm  sei  Lew  eszeit ; 
Vor  ihni,  sei 'ni  Fater  war  des  Land, — 
John  Sc'haeffer  alia  zueli  genannt. 

Beini  Yiingt'ra  Jobii  wara  siwwa  Miitl 
Die  macba  in  dcm  Dahl  fiel  Frebd: 
Die  iiltscht  dafun  hchst   Mary  Ann; 
Die  niicbsL'bt,  ibr  Mutter  no,  Susanu; 
Dann  Sarah;  die  Priseilla 's  fiert, 
Und  ^var  dann 's  zwet  der  Tod  weg  fiibrt; 
Die  'Liza  Ann  kummt  's  nacbsebt  danei, 
Und  war  die  erscbt  das  Grab  nahni  ei; 
Die  seehst  als  Wlilia  is  bekaunt; 
Die  yingsebt  Elmeia  is  genannt. 

Die  iiltsobt  is  als  bal  sicbzich  Yabr, 
Und  bei  niir   's  hochseht  gescbiitzt  sogar; 
Sie  hot  so  fiel  f 'r  niich  gcduh 
Als  yunger  und  als  alter  Bub. 
'Sis  gut  zu  rota  -nas  ieh  niehn  — 
Sie  is  niei  flutter  sell  niaebt's  plain. 

In  sellem  Haus  hab'  icdi  die  \Yelt 
Mei  ers<:bter  Olid 'ni  a  gemeldt; 
Und  wie  ic'h  dann  dort  ueg  war  g'numma 
Bin  ieh  als  nocli  uf  B  'such  hie  kununa. 

Seb  yuscbt  eniohl  sell  ebwa  Sebtick 

Voni  Scl-euerbot!'  bis  ganz  znrick 

Wo 's  binnig'ni  Bauigarta  dort  ut'h<irt ! 

'Es  Haus  sebtebt  drut'  \\  ies  ib^rt  druf  g 'bort, 

Die  Scheuer  si'dlt  net  anntTSebt  sei, 

Und  dann  was  niacbt  sell  Srhtick  so  fei 

Sinn  sellie  Eppelbiini  dort  druf. — 

Sie  nenima  grad  der  reebt   Platz  uf. 

Ken  He 'math  findsebt  uf  ueid  und  brebil 
Die  in  sicb   selbst   fasst   so  tiel    Frehd. 

Washington.   [\  ('.,  January   20,    inO'J.  M.  A..  GiaT.KR. 


I'OETIC  GEMS. 


159 


NOFEMBERKLAWG. 


KEV.  A.  C.   WUCIITEK. 


Doh  buck  ich  om  fenschtor 

Uu  guok  cl  'tzu  nous, 
Wos  is  s  so   reg'rich 

Un'  sehtoiuiich  dort  drous. 
Wos  peift  's  net  im  SL-hornsehteli, 

\Vos  robbfit 's   ill!   dach, 
So'n  wettor  is  imnicr 

'N  unt'reiudlichie  soch. 

S'is  dies  so  trauriuh, 

'S  guekt  olles  b'tnebt, 
Ken  fogel  uni  singa— 

Sel  hov  ich  g  'liebt. 
Wos  treibts  net  der  rega. 

Wos  rouscht  's  in  de  behm, 
Ken  wunner  wer  drous  is 

Dei-    schotYt    sich   glei    hehni. 

Der  summer  is  ivver, 

Uns  sohpoteyohr  is  doh, 
Wos   geht's   noch'm   winter! 

'M  'r  kon  schier  net  noh. 
Der   busch  is  gons  nockich, 

Die  felder  sin  blohs, 
Der  winter  hut  summer 

Vn  5i?bpoteyohr  im  schohs. 

Wos  fliega  die  dawga, 

Die  muhnet  un  yohr; 
Die  yunga  fun  geschter 

lien   heit   groha   hohr. 
So   schtehts    mit 'm  lehwa, 

So  geht  's  in  der  welt, 
Wer  schpont  uff  der  morya 

Hut's  ufft  schun  ferrehlt. 

Die  yohrstzeita  fliega 

Wie  wolka  for  'm  wind, 
Sie  kumma  un  gehna 

So  merkwerdich  g 'sohwind. 
Xoh   meliu  ich   aw  immer 

S 'wacr 'n  gleiihniss  un  bild 
Fum  mensrli   un  seim  lehwa, 

UtTt  schtormich  un  wild. 

For's   aerscht    kummt    mohl 't    frieh- 
yohr  — 

Die  yugend  so  tzort. 
Noh  geht's  in  de  summer  — 

Der  mon  mit'ni  bort, 
Un's  naigsidit  noch'm  sehpoteyohr  — 

Der  kup  wert  em  weiss, 
Un   emllich   der  winter 

Mehnt 's  graub  kolt  wie  eis. 


O  yugend  so  fraehlich! 

U  yugend  so  scheh! 
Du  luebscht  in   der  huffjumg, 

Dei  sorga  sin  kleii. 
Un   doch   net   tz'fridihi, 

So  gut  wie  du 's  liusht, 
A-ch!   wart  yuscht,  es  gebi  noch 

G  'nunk  sourie  Kuscht. 

Ihr  menner  so  kreftich, 

Ihr  weiver  so  schtuls, 
Bei  eich  is's  summer 

Un  frisch  sehlogt  die  buls, 
Doch  gebt  's  yuscht  eh  summer 

Im  niensch  seiu  'ra  tzeit, 
Un  doh  sin  fiel  dawga 

So  schtormich  wie  heit. 

Ihr  Faeter  un  Muetter, 

Wos  bringa  die  yohr? 
Yuscht  triebsal  un  sorga 

Un  schuehweisa  hohr, 
Die   hend   werra    tzitt  'rich, 

Der  leib  wert  em  mott, — 
Wer  lebt  bis  in 's  olter 

Der  wert  a 'mohl  sott. 

Die  yunga   die   winscha 

Sie  waera  boll  grohs. 
Die  gruhsa  die  hetta 

Die  Welt  gern  im  schohs.. 
Die  olta  die  wissa 

Schun  besser  wie's  is  — 
Sie  warta  schun  lengsoht   fer 

Der  riei  Paradies. 

So  trieb  wie  der  himmel. 

So   dunkel   un  Schwartz, 
Guckt  's  ulft  bei  de  nienscha 

Im  innerschte  hertz. 
Won  tricljsal  un  ehlend, 

Won  kummer  un  noth. 
Wie 'n   sch.tormwind   ilrin   housa 

Mit  sehrecka  un  doht.     . 

Ach  I   fort  mit'm  klawga, 

S 'wert  besser  in  tzeit; 
Es  wert  widder  summer, 

Wer  denkt  noh  on  heit? 
Dcrt  liinner  de  wolka, 

Wie's  lied'l  yol,  secht, 
Is  Ehtier  om  rulider 

Der  mocht's  schun  oil  rccht. 
Gilbert,  Fa. 


160 


THE  FKSSSYL I  A MA-GI-JLWIAX, 


SPOTJOHR. 

"      BY    E.    D.    LEISEXRIN'G. 

Wie  ruft  (lie  Stiium  so  siesa 
Yum   Wasserfnll   der  Wies, 
\Vu  dor  DisuhteiUauin  im  Wiud  rum- 
llicgt, 
Dtr  znrt  uu  lieblich  weht, 
Sic'li  kreiselt   kuiiimt  un  geht 
Darch    welke    Giirtc,    -n-u    die    Blum 
verbliht ! 


Im  Stoppelftld,  net  ueit, 
Frih    's  Batteriesel  sehreit, 
Uu  der  Wail  lioch  iu  der  Luft  runi- 
schwebt. 
Am  Wa?ser  dart  so  still 
Inseeiile  glitz 're   veil, 
Wu  die  Spinu  cs  Gras  mit  Xetz  ver- 
webt. 

Ou-ets  falle  Se-hatte 
Iwwer  Fenz  un  Latte, 
Wu    die    Keb    bio    vol!    mit    Trauwe 
steht. 
Aus  sellem  Dal,  solum  feicbt, 
Ed  Dunsoht  wie  Xewwel  steigt, 
Wu  der  \'ollrnond  iwwer    'n  Iliwwel 
geht. 


AUTUMN. 

Translation  by  H.  A.   S. 

How  sweet  the  voice  that  calls 
From  where  the  brooklet  falls 
In    yonder    mead,    where    sails    aloft 
in  air 
The  thistledown,  while  sports 
With  it  the  wind,  that  courts 
Sere    flowers,    roving    gardens    well- 
nigh  bare! 

The  stubble-field  hard  by 
Kings  with  the  plaintive  cry 
Of   quails,    while   proudly    soars   the 
hawk  o  'erhead. 
Bright-colored  insects  fill 
Yon  yellow  pool  so  still; 
The  spider  in  the  grass  his  snare  has 
spread. 

At  eve  the  shadows  fall 
O'er  fence  and  hedge  and  wall, 
Y'here  stands  the  vine  with  load  of 
luscious  blue. 
From  yonder  lowland  vale 
Rises  a  vapor  pale. 
While    o'er    the    hill    the   full    moon 
creeps  to  view. 


Bal  iwwer  Berg  un  Feld 
Kummt  rauer  Wind  un  Kelt. 
Die    Schwalm   ihr   Brut    schun    zani- 
mer  ruft ; 
Bang  vor  der  Kelt  un  Xot, 
Die  do  im  AVinter  droht, 
Ziegt  sie  fart  ins  Land  der  Sununer- 
luft. 


Ah,  soon  the  northwind  chill 
Will  sweep  o  'er  vale  and  hill ! 
The  swallow  calls  her  brood  without 
delay ; 
Of  cold  and  want  afraid, 
Stern  winter  to  evade, 
Toward    the    summer-land    they    hi'e 
awav. 


Die  flcissig  dem  noch  schaflft 
Un  sucht  for  Hunigsaft, 
Wu  die  Blunnne  noch  voni  Reif  ver- 
schont. 
Die  Fenzemaus  voll  Freed 
Die  branne  Keschte  seht, 
Tragt  sie  ins  Xescht  wu  sie  im  Win- 
ter wohnt. 


Still  ever  busy  see 
The  honey-gathering  bee 
Where'er  the  frost  a  flower  yet  has 
spared. 
The  chipnuiik  overjoyed 
Is   actively  employed'. 
Filling   with    nuts   the   home   he   has 
prepared. 


Uf  sellem  diirre  Baam. 

Dort  in  der  Wies  am  Damm, 
TrauervoU  der  Datteldaubrich  klagt; 

Dass  bal  schun    's  Spotjohr  komm 

Singt  scinera  Weibche  fromm, 
Un  die  Liebzeit  mit  Gevalt  verjagt. 


Hid  in  a  leafless  bough 
Beside  the  pond,  sits  now 
The  turtle-<love  and  coos  in   mourn- 
ful tone. 
He  tells  his  mate  so  dear 
That  winter's  very  near. 
The  hnpjiy  time  of  love   has   almost 
tlown. 


FOIJTIC  GEMS. 


161 


En  licblich  siesse  Liift, 
Yoll  Obselit  un  Tramveiluft, 
Als   nooli   b€'i   int-r   ■noilt  un    ziirtlich 
spiclt ; 
Lielikost  uiit  nit-ine  Iloor, 
Wio  als  vor  viele  Johr 
En    Hand   so   liob    an    ineiue    Locke 
g'fiehlt. 

'S    fallt   von    die    Beem   sebun    's 
Laab, 

Werd  \\iilder  ErJ  un  Staab, 
Wie  die  Dinge  all  uf  dere  Welt. 

Dooh  die  niei  Tranrii,'keet, 

Wie  SiimmeiheiTlichkeet, 
Aus  der  Ewigkect  en  Strahl  crliellt. 

Es  Spot.johr  meinor  Dage 
Misst  icb  ah  beklage, 
Wann    ich    m  t    en    schenn'rer    Sum- 
niev  \\ist, 
Dart  driwwe  aus  der  Zeit  — 
Es  is  von  dn  net  weit  — 
Wu  ken   Winter  nieh,   ken   Spotjohr 
ist. 


A  mild  and  grateful  breeze, 
With  scent  of  vines  and  trees 
Full     freighted,    lUmts    around     me, 
with  my  hair 
In  wanton  dalliance  plays, 
As  in  long  by-gone  days 
A    loving   hani]   was   wont    to    linger 
there. 

With  sad  and  rustling  sound 
The  leaves  drop  all  around. 
Alas',  all   tilings  on  earth  nuist  pass 
away ! 
But  on  my  tearful  sight. 
Like  suniiner-glory  Vjright, 
Falls  from  the  fair  Beyond  a  cheer- 
ing ray. 

My  summer  has  an  end, 
And  mourning  I  might  spend 
.My    autumn     days;     but     happily    1 
know 
Beyond  this  vale  of  time 
A  never  changing  clime. 
No  autumn  there,   no  winter  storm- 
winds  blow. 


DIE  WELT 

(After  the  Englii: 

BY  DR.  K. 

O,  yes!   0*  yes!  Now  harr'cht  amohl 
Un  kommt  yetz  by,  ihr  leeva  Leit, 
Ihr  oil  wo  wolf '1  kaufa  wollt 

Kommt  by,  for  do  is  A'endue  heit! 
De  Welt  is""uf,"  mit   Shlechts   an 
Goots, 
Der  Croyer   nenunt  kae  falsh   Ga- 
biit;  — 
De   Welt    mus    fordt,    se   wardt    fer- 
kauft 
Jlit    Glueck    un    Aelent,    Eh.-    un 
Shpott! 

En    grotsy     'Shtate    wardt    do    fer- 
kauft. 
En    Welt    mit    Pein,    Gafncht    un 
Shtreit; 
Waer   beet  ?      Was   haer    ich    for    'n 
Gebut? 
Waer    broucht     'u    Iloufa    Sorga 
heit  ? 
En  goty  Chance  for  Yung  un  Oldt  I 
Waer  beet  ?     We  feel  for  Shtaub 
un  Shtro'i  ^ 
Now  g'shwindt!   Eennt  aens   'm  on- 
nera  fore 
Un   kauft   eich   doch    'i   Grab  loch 
do! 


DP  VENDUE. 

di  of  Balph  Hoyt.) 
GRUMBIXE. 

Gook!  was  'n  brechdig  Keichdum  do! 
Waer    beet    for     'n    reichv,    widy 
Welt? 
For  hoachy  Ehr.  for  'n  Nawma  gross, 
For  Lond   un    Lob,    for   Goldt   un 
Gelt  ? 
Sac  usht  de  feela  Acker  aw! 

Dc  g'haera  oil  tzu  nuriera   'Shtate. 
Hob     Ftndoo     heit —  's     muss     olles 
fordt  — 
'S  gons   Yammerdahl   so  wide  un 
brait. 


Was  haer  ich  vetz?     We  feel   's  Ga- 
but  ?  ' 
'S  wardt  oil  ferkauft  — un  bv  der 
lot- 
Doch   harr'ch!    es  is    'n   falshy  Welt 

Un  mich  hut  se  nuch  nix  gabodt. 
For  awtzugooka  is  se  shae. 

Doch  is  se  nix  as  Dreek  un  Shtaub; 
Se     's    full    Batrug,    un    Meeh,    un 
Shmertz, 
Un  dart  om  end,   der   Doat    un    's 
Graub ! 


162 


THE   i'KSSSYL \'A MA-dl.UMA A 


St'it  g'shwiudt !  leli  ncin   'n  glao  Ga- 
but, 
Do  kftit   ihr  goota  bar>,'a  niacha^ 
De  "Wolt,  de  ktnt  ihr  kaufa  heit, 

Mit  jniota  \\n  iiiit  shliniina  Sacha. 
Dc  Lieb  muss  fonlt,  de  Freundshafft 
aw ;  — 
De   Lieb!      Was   wore   se  imil   my 
Schatz! 
Ach,    Freiind    sin    falsli    un    Freuud- 
shafft  hohl. 
De  I'ein  is  loug,  de  Lieb  is  kor.z! 

Der  Kulim !  De  Ehr  ',  was  glentza  die  I 
Was     hoachv     Nawma,     hell     we 
Gohlt'! 
Un  was  'n  Shell  doreh  Berg  un  Dahl, 

As  won   'u  Donuer-wetter  rollt ! 
Waer  beet  for  Ruhm  un  hoachv  Ehr? 
Dcs     sin     yo     was      'u     man 'eher 
sooeht ; 
Komm,    kauf,   un    beek   der   Welt    de 
Knee— 
Un    werr    no    fon    der    Welt    fer- 
flooeht : 

Un  seh,  de  Hotfnung  geht  aw  mit — 
De  shae,  de  foehreud,  glentzent 
Shterrn! 

Ich  un  de  Holi'nung  hen  yetz  Shtreit, 
Un  hovva  nonner  uinuny  gern! 


'N     nuin 'eher    Dawg     wore    se    my 
troasht, 
'N  mon 'ehy   Tzeit   niv   Shtaub  un 
Shtock ; 
Hoit  awvcr  wart  se  aw  fcrkauft 
Mit   Sock   un   Pock,   mit   Hoot   un 
Kock. 


Waer    beet    for    ITociimoot,    Fash  'n, 
Show? 

Ich  brouch  se  ninmiy.  Beet  for  <lie, 
Sin  wulf '1  oil  — was  wollt  ihr  don 

Das  niederrechtielier  is  we  so? 
Se  wolinta  long  in  niiuera  Brusht, 

Awver  Kummer  hut  my  Hartz  ga- 
drickt ; 
En  Lasht  fun  Sorga,  Aelent,  Fein 

ilut  olles  sonsht  in  mir  fershtickt! 


Now  nuch  amohl!    Tzwae  mohl!   Dri 
mohl! 
Ich  shlag  se  ob,  warhoftig  gli! 
Do  is   'n  chance  for  glae  un  gross  — 
Kommt,   beet   un   kauft,   un  macht 
niich  frei ! 
Doch  eppes  b'holdt  ich  ye;z  tzurick, 
For  sel  froag  ich  heit  kae  Gabut  — 
My  Beev'l  wardt  nuch  net  terkauft, 
Ich    b'holdt    my    Glawva    uu    my 
Gott! 


DIE   BESHT   ZEIT. 


BY    LOUISE    A.    WEITZEL. 


Mer  schwiitze  vun  alte  Zeite 

Uu  deuke  gar  net  dro ' 
Die  Zeit  werd  net  iilter  uoch  jiinger, 

Jusht  mir  werre  alt  un  gro'. 
Sie  ziihlt  ihre  johre  bei  dausend, 

I)ie  Welt,  un  werd  net  alt, 
Mir  ziihle  sie  jusht  bei  zwanzig, 

Un  die  vergehne  bald. 

Dal  niehne  die  Zeit  war  besser 

In  ihrer  jugen<l.  Xe' 
Sie  ware  jiinger,  gesiinder, 

L^n  do  war  AUes  ship'; 
Jetzt  sinn  sie  ausgewohre, 


Jetzt  sinn  sie  miid  un  satt, 
Un    die    Welt    sheiut    shlimmer    wie 
friiher, 
Un  liiderlich  un  matt. 

Frog  jusjit  amol  die  Junge. 

Die  hen  en  anner  Lied. 
Die  ihrich  Zeit  is  de  beshte, 

Do  sinn  sie  All  agreed! 
L'n  ich  glab  wol  dass  sie  recht  heun, 

Un  jedes  Alter  ah. 
Das  is  jedenfalls  die  beshte  Zeit 

An  unserer  Jugend  uah. 
Lititz,  Pa. 


Historical  Pilgrimages  into 

...Pennsylvania-Germandom 


FROM  READING  TO  YORK 

r(.>R  sumlry  reasons,  all  of  uhii-li  (-(jmbiue  to  inako  it  tlii'  thing  to  do  in 
the  opinion  of  the  eilitor,  our  pilgrimage  in  this  number  sliall  be 
exteuih  d  in  a  sontlierly  direcion.  instead  of  making  headway  to- 
wards the  castirn  borders  of  the  State,  where  Pennsylvania-Germandom 
sits  enthroned,  and  has  for  six  generations.  But  surely  no  one  will  question 
the  propriety  of  our  historic  jaunts  into  the  county  and  city  of  York,  nor 
wonder  what  the  I'ennsylvania-German  ]>ilgrim  wants  there. 

From  Berks  to  York  via  Lancas'.er,  sounds  like  tra\eling  in  England. 
Alas!  for  the  futility  of  nomenclature.  A  ruse  might  smell  as  sweei  by  any 
other  name,  but  surely  no  other  llouer  eould  be  given  the  Iragrance  of  this 
queen  of  blooms,  even  if  the  rose's  name  were  afudied  to  it.  Our  today's  pil- 
grimage leads  through  territory  that  has  been  named  by  and  for  the  Indian 
and  Englishman,  but  the  tlavor  of  the  Pennsylvania-German  life  and  speech 
and  thrift  and  thought  is  over  it  all,  having  leavened  the  whole  lump.  The 
streams  Viear  Indian  names,  \Vy(;missing,  Cacocsing,  Cocalico,  Cones; oga, 
Conewago,  Susquehanna,  Codorus,  etc.,  and  on  their  banks  Indian  arru'.t 
heads  may  yet  be  picked  up,  but  for  a  century  and  three-quarters  these 
streams  have  babbled  in  Pennsylvania  "Dutch''  and  crooned  their  lullabies 
in  that  euphonious  tongue.  The  counties,  some  towns  and  townships,  and 
the  capital  cities  are  bearing  English  names  —  Reatling,  Lancaster,  York  — 
but  the  domestic,  ecclesiastic  and  civil  life  is  ])eculiarly  Pennsylvania-Ger- 
man. The  cooking,  the  preaching  and  the  bartering  is  done  today  on  the 
banks  of  these  Indian-named  creeks  as  it  was  done  two  centuries  ago  on  the 
banks  of  the  Rhine  and  the  Wcser.  Hence  my  host  of  pilgrims  will  feel 
at  home  in  the  territory  we  shall  traverse  in  this  trip  today. 

We  shall  make  our  journey  in  a  sort  of  "a  run,  a  skip  and  a  jump"' 
fashion  to  land  us.  at  its  close,  about  sixty  miles  to  the  south.  From  the 
captal  of  Berks  to  the  capital  of  York  it  will  take  us.  The  Eev.  J.  \V. 
Early,  of  Reading,  will  lead  us  on  our  run  out  of  Berks;  the  editor  will  help 
us  make  the  skip  over  Laiu-aster,  and  Dr.  I.  II.  Betz,  of  York,  will  help  us 
make  our  jump  into  York.     So  all  aboard  I  for  here  we  go! 

The  writer  of  that  inimitable  satiie  "Meis.er  Urian 's  Reise  in  Schlaraf- 
feuland, ' '  says: 

Wenn  jemand  eine  Reise  thut, 

So  kann  er  nas  erziihlen, 
Drum  nahm  ich  einstens  Stock  und  Hut, 

T'nd  thiit  das  Reise n  wiihlen. 


364  THE   ri:SSSYLVAMAGEUMA,\. 

Sogleich  zog  ieli  die  Stiefel  au, 

Uud  griff  iiarli  nu>iiii'in  Stocko, 
Sotzt  auf  i.ltn  Jlut  — inai>;(hirte  ilaiui 

In  niciii.Mii  Spitzfrcck  Kneke. 

And  so  Avc  shall  erdss  lowtr  ]?crks  intu  Lan.-asier,  declining  such  new-fangled 
novelties  as  steam  railroads  or  air  lino  troilovs.  Proceeding  southward  on 
Fifth  stioe:.  Reading,  mo  j.ass  at  Franklin  tlie  fine  residtuce  of  Horatio 
Trexler,  for  many  scars  one  of  Reading's  prominent  men  of  affairs.  On 
an  opposite  corner  is  Reading's  Public  Fibrary,  the  gift  of  a  number  of 
the  city's  public-spirited  citizens.  From  this  corner  on  Franklin  we  pass'  to 
Third  street,  thence  on  Third  to  Chestnut  and  thence  down  the  river  bank, 
along  which  route  are  located  many  of  Reading's  present-day  industrits,  such 
as  Sheet  Mills.  Rempis  Ornamental  Iron  Works,  tlie  I'enn  Hardware  Works 
and  the  Reading  Hardware  Works.  At  the  foot  of  Bingaman  street  is  an 
old  graveyard,  huig  kmnvn  as  Gerber's  (now  Fix's)  burial  groumls.  Here 
rest  the  bones  of  early  German  settlers,  the  waves  of  the  on-llowing  Schuyl- 
kill bablding  to  these  wakeUss  sleepers,  wliiJe  not  even  the  rush  of  trains, 
the  rattle  of  machinery,  or  the  roar  of  repeated  floods  have  mad.'  din  and 
tide  enough  to  wakm  or  wash  them  from  their  sacred  slumbers.  Litigation 
even  has  tried  in  vain,  and  hence  it  may  be  concluded  that  a  Pennsylvania- 
German  burial  idot  is  a  pretty  secure  place  against  these  days  of' change 
and  progress.  The  territory  about  here  was  first  a  Welsh  settlement.  Many 
relics  rtmain. 

Passing  through,  under  and  over  a  variety  of  bridges  at  this  point  we  get 
beyond  river,  railroad  lines  and  belt  line  lately  opened  here,  bound  in  a 
straight  line  "over  the  hills  for  the  Poor  House"  and  Mohnsville,  Adams- 
town,  etc.,  beyond.  Our  fust  stop  is  made  at  an  old-time  Pennsylvania- 
German  hostelry,  known  as  the  Kurtz  Ibnise.  Whilst  this  is  an  ancient  land- 
mark, no  important  history  clings  to  it.  Between  this  and  Sliillington 
stretches  the  rieh  and  broad-acr'M  farm  of  the  county  used  for  the  mainten- 
ance of  its  paupers'.  This  property  was  once  the  country  seat  of  General 
Thomas  MiUlin,  of  Revolutionary  fame,  and  the  first  governor  of  this  Com- 
monwealth. He  named  it  "Angelica,"  and  one  of  the  houses  is  yet  stand- 
ing, but  emboilied  in  the  main  portion  of  the  present  alms  house.  It  is 
located  three  miles  to  tlie  southwest  of  Reading. 

It  is  plain  that  tlie  Welsh  nationality  w;is  the  first  upon  the  ground  in 
these  p.arts  when  it  is  sta'ed  that  ."",(10  acres  of  his  cmnty  farm  were  in  1735- 
50  the  pniperty  of  Fvan  Lh.yd,  .bdm  Davis  and  Kvan  .loncs.  General  Mif- 
flin owmd  about  (500  acres,  and  was  visited  here  by  many  illustrious  men, 
among  whom  were  John  Penn.  who  left  a  diary  account  of  it,  and  his  horse- 
back itinerary  up  througli  the  Lebanon  Valley.     Tliis  occurred  in  A[.ril,  17SS. 

We  quote  from  Penn 's  diary:  "April  9,  (17SS).  Set  off  accnmiianird  by 
!Mr.  Bid<lle.  who  was  so  obliging  as  to  slmw  me  the  way  to  General  Mifflin's 
farm,  three  miles  from  Reading.  Finding  the  river  too  <leep  to  ford,  we 
passed  at  a  Inwer  ferry  on  tlie  road  to  Lancaster.  The  General  and  Mrs. 
Mifilin   rec.ived   us  in   a   neat   farm  liouse,   and   being  \erv   earlv    thcmsehes 


Fi;OM    KIJADIXG   'JO   YORK. 


105 


j>rovided  anotlicr  l>reakt';ist  for  us,  lliou^'h  it  ^vas  tlicii  only  IkiIi  [mst  seven. 
He  took  us  round  seme  of  his  ini|ir(:voi!ii'nts  and  J  rndo  witii  him  to  various 
poiuts  of  vii/w  which  eonunanik'd  the  town  of  Ktadiiig  and  tho  circuin jacout 
hills  and  valleys,  llo  faiiiis  aliout  l.i^no  aeros  and  has  a  SL-otdi  fariuer  who 
coudutds  tho  business.  (Jne  hundred  of  meadow  land  he  wa', ers.  One  neigh- 
bor of  the  General's  is  one  of  the  marrying  Dunkers.  They  live  in  their  own 
houses  like  otlier  countrymen,  but  wear  their  beards  long.  'J'his  jicrsun  is 
a  principal  one,  and  wlien  we  accosted  him  he  was  working  in  his  meadow. 
General  ^Mitllin,  with  agreeable  frankness  and  atTability  pressed  us  both  to 
stay  for  an  early  dinner,  to  wliich  we  sat  down  at  one  o'clock.  After  dinner 
I  mounte<l  my  horse  and  came  into  '.he  Carlisle  road,  about  tliree  milts  off. 
at   Sinking  Spring.     Aliout  sunset  I   arrived  at  ^Nliddletown    (now   Womels- 


,  ■% 


\\K 


% 


M/ 


_p,'i.. 


■■■'   1  :7 


BERKS  COUNTY  AL.MSHOUSES. 


dorf),  fourteen  nrd(s  frcua  Reading,  and  put  up  at  a  tavern,  he  master  of 
which  ownetl  the  town  and  100  acres  in  the  neighborhood." 

Passing  the  Three  'SUle  House,  we  come  to  Shillington.  a  thriving  village 
which  has  grown  up  right  upon  the  borders  of  this  county  farm.  The  next 
turn  brings  us  t(^  Mdisiui,  a  \illage  of  recent  date,  perjutuating  the  name  and 
fame  of  that  great  electrical  wizard  liy  whose  magic  power  this  wdude  com- 
munity and  ;he  modern  world  is  accommodated  with  subservient  lightning, 
which  now  carries  our  passengers,  lights  our  streets  and  houses'  and  carries 
our  messages  without  the  loss  of  a  single  emphasis  or  peculiar  intonation. 

At  Edison  the  trolley  line  leads  to  Mehnsville  on  the  left,  while  the  old 
stage  roail  goes  on  to  tlie  Five  Mile  House,  to  Gouglersville  and  un  to  Adams- 
town.  iMohnsville  is  a  busy  and  anticjuated  lit  le  German  town  of  about 
1,.500  inhabitants,  who  have  contrived  for  several  generations  to  give  the 
place  a  reputation  for  its  manufacture  of  hats.  The  churches  are  Germanic, 
Lutheran  and  P'.vangelica!,  tlie  language  long  {  revailing  is  that  of  our  stock, 
an<l  the  virtues*  and   domestic   order  are  high. 


lOG 


THE   rh.\.\  SYLl  ama-<!Ki:max. 


lii'Vitud  Miihns\  iile  stn  tch  the  wooded  crests  that  ^ive  rise  to  the  Wyomis- 
siiig,  the  (.'oe:'.li*'o  and  the  Miuhly  ('reeks.  And  then  the  traveler  arrives  at 
Adaiustowii,  a  small  \illa^e  strung  along  ihe  State  road  for  half  a  nule  or 
more.  It  is  also  kno\Mi  tor  its  liat  industries  and  many  a  man  has  gone  to 
field  and  fair,  to  eoiur.ry  ehurch  and  eity  eouniil,  to  see  his  best  girl  or  get 
a  di\oree  from  iiis  tarmagaiit  wife,  \\ill'.  a  lieadgear  made  in  this  town, 
named  for  the  very  first  man,  whose  Kvc  got  him  into  trouldc. 

About  two  miles  west  of  AdamsUnvn  stands  the  ^fuddy  Creek  church,  or 
"Church  oi;  the  Cocalico."  Here  is'  enough  history  written  in  church  rec- 
ords, entomlied  in  gra\eyard  and  enacted  and  evaporati'd  into  air  to  make 
the  atmosphere  balmy  with  Ihe  noble,  pious  deeds  of  a  worthy  German  an- 
cestry. One  of  the  earliest  churches  of  eastern  Pennsylvania  was  here  or- 
ganized by  Kev.  John  Casper  Stoever,  that  illustrious  founder  of  Luthtran 


,M*>^ 


MUDDY  CREEK  CHURCH  AND  GRAVEYARD. 


Churches.  Ilis  Reformed  colleague  for  a  few  years  was  the  Rev.  John  Pe'.er 
IVIiller,  afterwards  prior  among  the  Ephrata  community.  The  following  is 
the  inscription  of  tlie  title  page  of  the  ]\[u<ldy  Creek  church  register: 

KIRCHENBl^CH  UNO  PROTOCOL 

fiir   die   Evangelische-Luthcrische   (iemeinde   an   iler   Gogallico, 

Worinuen   beschrieben  uud  aufge/.cichnet   wenlen   sollte 

1.  Das  zu  Ilaltung  des  Gottesdienstes  erkauftte  oder  vorliabe. 

2.  Die  getaufte  Kinder. 

3.  Die  zum  erstenmahl  zum  Abendmahl  admitterte  und  Contirmirte  Personen. 

4.  Die  Copulirte  un^]   in  den  Ehestand  getretene. 

5.  Die  Ehrlich  zur   Erden  bestaltete.     Theils  au(  h  anilern.     Etc.  etc. 

Angefangen  von   mir 
Johann   Casjiar    StiUer,   ilernialiger   E\angelisclie-Lutlierischo   hochdeiitschen 
I'fiirrlierrn  in  Penn.--vlvanien,  ini  Jahr  riiristi,  1733. 


FROM  UKADISG  TO  YOllK.  .  167 

Anionp  the  LulhcrMn  i>a>itnrf!  who  have  served  lliis  aneieiit  eliureh  may  be 
named  besides  SteeNer,  T(d]ias  ^\'aKIlel•,  Scliw  enltt'eijer,  Win.  Kurtz,  S(.hr(je- 
der,  Melsheiiner,  Mueller,  i'litt,  Filbert,  Eiij2;el,  L'uetze,  l\iehards,  Weldni, 
Friedrieh,  Jaeger  (T.  T.),  Kecsc,  \Va<iner,  Boger,  etc.  On  the  Keforined 
sido  \\ere  Boehin,  Miller,  Stahlschinidt,  ])eeker,  Ijeinbach,  Ilenilel  and  others. 
First  log  church  was  built  1730-;{,  heated  by  the  primitive  method  of  burning 
logs.  Second  edifice,  -with  stone  walls  and  tile  floor  was  in  use  aViout  one 
hundred  yer.rs'.     Present  building  was  erected  in  1847. 

From  Muddy  Creek  we  have  but  a  short  distance  to  Ephrata,  where  arc 
enshrined  the  most  noted  historical  events  of  this  community.  But  having 
already  treated  Ephrata,  Lititz,  Manheim,  Elizabethtown  and  the  territory 
of  I^ancaster  county  lying  thence  to  the  river,  this  is  a  convenient  place  to 
take  our  editorial  skip  and  land  just  across  the  Susquehanna  from  Columbia, 
whence  the  genial  doctor,  of  York,  with  strong  historic  ins'.incts,  will  comluct 
us  over  an  his'oric  highway  into  York.     But  let  us  hear  him. 

In  approaching  York  county  from  the  east  we  encounter  the  broad  and 
majestic  Susquehanna  which  has  been  famed  in  song  and  story.  York  county 
has  a  river  frontage  of  fifty-five  miles.  In  the  early  settlement  of  the  S.ate 
the  river  \\as  a  line  of  division.  To  the  west  everything  was  regarded  as  a 
dense  wilderness  to  the  "setting  of  the  sun."  The  red  man  alone  was  its 
possessor  and  its  denizen.  The  Indian  trails  that  led  through  the  eastern 
part  of  the  State  were  continued  westwardly  from  the  nver  from  particular 
I'oints.  These  rude  trails  were  utilized  by  the  white  traders,  missionaries 
and  settlers  during  ''ihe  j>ack-horse  era."  This  methoil  of  travel  and  trans- 
porting goods  was  vtry  common  in  York  county  for  a  half  century.  As 
many  as  oi)0  [lack  horses  were  to  be  seen  in  York  at  one  time.  The  appear- 
ance of  these  pack-horse  trains  was  grotesque,  in  their  method  of  loading 
and  travel.     Each  horse  carried  about  two  hundred  pounds. 

The  trails  were  later  chietly  improved  and  used  as  wagon  roads.  This, 
however,  aroused  much  opposition  as  does  every  innovatiim  upon  established 
habits  and  customs. 

Wlule  ti'.e  rivtr  seems  or  appears  formidable  in  width,  yet  at  certain  sea- 
sons of  the  year  in  its  low  stages  at  certain  places  it  permits  fording.  Dur- 
ing severe  winter  weather  it  permits  being  crossed  on  the  ice  in  safety. 

The  primitive  canoe  of  the  red  man,  except  so  far  as  it  was  improved  upon 
by  the  Vvhite  man.  \\as  the  <mly  remaining  source  of  passing  its  portals. 
Early  in  the  ISth  century  pulilic  ferries  were  estaldished  friim  the  confluence 
of  its  great  branches  to  tliO  bay  in  which  it  empties.  These  ferries  were  nu- 
merous in  York'  county,  being  chartered,  at  a  distance  from  each  other  of 
about  five  miles.  The  most  noted  ami  perhaps  the  most  traveled  was 
Wright 's  Ferry. 

In  17'2tl  Hobert  Bar])er,  Samuel  Blunston  and  ,Tohn  Wright,  who  were 
Friends,  caine  from  Chester  county,  and  settled  upon  the  east  bank  of  the 
river,  the  present  site  of  «.'olumbia.  John  Wright  several  years  afterwards 
took  up  land  on  the  wi  st  liank  of  the  river  o]iposite. 

The  I'roprie-tarit  s  i.f  the  pro^ince   prohibited  any  setth-niont   west  of  the 


168 


THE   rKy.\  S 17. 1  A  MA-GEUMJ  A'. 


river  an,-l  refused  to  issue  any  lietiise  ex.ept  to  .loliu  Wriglit  and  ihe  Jleu- 
drioks  brothers.  John  Wricrht  sought  to  obtain  a  patent  for  a  ferry,  but 
in  this,  owing  to  some  oj.pusi;ion.  he  did  not  sueceed  until  i7;;;5.  limnedi- 
ately  with  Samuel  P.lunston  he  petitiun.d  for  and  obtained  a  road  from 
Columbia  to  Lancaster,  whieli  was  granted  the  following  year.  His  son, 
John,  Jr.,  reeeived  lieense  to  keep  a  puHie  house  for  the  years  173G-7-5-9[ 
on  the  west  side  of  the  river. 

In  ]7:?<1  the  Monoracy  road  was  extended  through  York  county  commene- 
iiig  at  Wright's  Ferry,  connecting  with  the  Monocacv  road  in'  Marvhmd. 
The  York  county  road  covered  a  distance  of  nearly  t'hirtv-five  miles.  Its 
view  and  survey  is  on  record.  Jt  larg<  ly  followed  the  former  trail  and  has 
Itself  been  supplanted  by  a  turnj.ike  in  1S17,  and  a  railroad  in  1S40. 

The  three  lines  of  communication  with  York  followed  the  same  general 
trend.  The  :\ronocacy  road  was  about  two  miles  longer  than  an  air  line, 
while  the  turnpike  appruached  it  most  nearly,  although  the  railroad  follows 
as  a  close  second.  The  distance  from  Wrightsville  to  York  by  pike  is  eleven 
and  one-half  miles. 

The  old  Monoca.cy  road  in  its  day  was  a  prominent  highwav  of  travel. 
It  was  the  route  taken  by  tJeueral  Wayne  on  his  way  to  Yorktown,  Va., 
near  the  close  of  the  Kevolution.  On  this  road  were  tninsported  the'large 
numbers  of  Hessian  and  British  prisoners  t.>  York,  Frederick,  Md  and 
Winchester,  Va.  Genu-ais  Wayne  an,l  St.  Clair  in  1792,  used  it  on 'their 
way  to  Ohio  to  quell  the  Indian  troubles  there.  Immense  wagon  trains  of 
cotton  from  Alabama,  Georgia  and  other  States  used  this  route  on  their 
way  to  Philadelphia  and  New  York  when  AVashington  was  occupied  and 
Baltimore  was  threatened  by  the  British  in  1812-14. 

It  was  this  road  that  was  used  by  the  Continental  Congressmen  when 
they  came  from  Lancaster.  They,  however,  crossed  the  river  at  Andersou 's 
Ferry,  a  few  miles  above  Wright's  Ferry,  at  what  is  now  Marietta.  They 
traversed  a  road  that  led  from  there  joining  the  Monocacy  road.  The  site 
of  Wright's  Ferry  has  been  much  changed  from  earlv  davs.  The  river  ha& 
widened  very  much,  it  is  alleged.  The  crossing  was  marred  bv  rocks,  some 
of  which  rose  above  the  water.  Lieutenant  Anberry,  a  British' prisoner  and 
ofiicer,  in  his  "travels  in  America"  relates  that  the  current  was  verv  rapid 
and  the  great  number  of  rocks  just  appearing  above  the  water  put  them  in 
great  peril.  One  of  the  scows  came  mnv  being  lost  with  its  occupants.  In 
later  years  General  Washington  met  with  an  unpleasant  experience  in  cross- 
ing, and  was  delaytd  some  hours.  Pr,d,ably  for  this  reason  and  from 
choice  of  roa.ls  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  river  the  upper,  or  Anderson 's 
Ferry,  was  chosen  in  many  instances. 

John  Wright,  Jr..  was  a  man  of  pr(;minence.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Assembly  for  York  county  at  the  first  election  after  the  erection  of 
the  county  in  1749,  and  was  annually  re-elected  till  17.;9.  He  died  in  1763. 
One  of  his  daugliters  was  married  to  General  James  Ewing.  He  removed 
to  "Woodbine."  ab,,ve  Wriglitsvill...  :,nd  died  there  in  ISOO.  in  a  house 
which  is  stil  standing,   bur  no  longer  occupied.     Another   .laughter  of  Wil- 


FUUM  KEADLW.  TO  y<)i:h\  '  j,;j, 

Ham  ^Wright,   Jr.,   .a.  marrial    to   Jonathan    M.tllin;    anotluT   to   Dr.   John 

The  buiMings  oceupi..!  by  deseondam.  of  John  Wright,  Jr.,  are  s;ill  stand- 
ing  and  are  very  nUer.  sting  from  an  historical  point  of  view 

U.dled  'snr  '  'T  ''"  ""^  P^^"'''"'"^^  ^""^  ^^^  ^.eing  the  Capital  of  the 
Lmt.d   states.     Part.,n,   „x  h.s   -'L.tV   of  Jefferson,"   and   Benton's   - l^.- 
cally  ^^as  ta.-lamed  an.l  known  yet  it  was  not  laid  out  as  a  town  until  Isll 
and  incorporated  as  a  borough  in  1S34.  ' 

The  era  of  biidge-build.ng  across  the  Susqud.anna  did  not  begin  before 
tI.o  second  decade  of  the  JUth  century.  The  tirst  bridge  at  Wright's  F  v 
-as  bu.lt  in   3S14.     It    was  destroyed   by  an  ice   Hood  in   1S32.'  V  second 


b^^i'.;;- 


h    i- 


SCENE  OF  THE  MORGAN  MURDER  BY  HESSIANS. 


thi    I    b     1  •  ":'  '"■"'  '"""^'  ^"^  Confederate  invasion  of  1SG.3      The 

third    bridge    was    destroyed    by    the    great    storm    of    1S9S.      The    prescn 
bndge  IS  a   fino  substantial  structure.      These  bridges,   excepting   the  fst 

::t::x  iw^'-r^r'^^^-r'^-^^^-  ^^^^  bridge.  u^c'^imS 

two  altrti:::?  e^:^^:"^^""""^'  ^-^  '-^-^^^  ^y  ^-  ^-^^^  ^  year   or 

seen^y      Chines  .oc.  across  the  river,  is!  co::;^:  Jiidn^   ""^'^^^ 
\\r  ghtsMlle  IS  interesting  not  only  from  i:s  historical  associations    traces 
of    wdnch    meet    us    on    every    si.le.      Its    population    is    enterpr     m  '    inte, 
hgent  and  progressive.     It  is  notable  also  from  the  fact  that  h     e  th'e  li  Ih' 
water  mark  of  the  Confederate  invasion  reache,!  its  most  eas  e  n  an  1  n  rth 
ern   hmit.     General   Gordon's   headquarters   is   pointed   out    to   the   v 
Houses  marked  by  rebel  shells  are  also  to  be  Jn.     V  rio       .  Ir  ';• 

interest  abound.     Goin.-  to  ami  bevon  1  f  l, .  various  otner  points  ot 

'-^ni^  ,0  and  bevund  the  western  extremity  of  the  toun  a 


170 


THE   VESS S YL \  J MA-dElLMA X. 


fine  na'airal  panorama  greets  the  observer  to  the  east.  The  manor  of 
Spriiigct.<bury,  which  was  surveyed  by  Governor  Keith,  witli  tlie  consent  of 
the  Indians  for  tlie  use  of  Springet  I'enn,  the  grandson  of  William  Peun,  in 
1722,  embraced  o\er  75,000  acres.  It  fxtended  due  west  from  the  river,  a 
distance  of  nrarly  fifteen  miles-several  miles  above  York,  as  laid  out  later 
iu  its  domain.  It  extended  north  and  south  of  the  latter  town  almost  four 
miles.     It  was  re-surveyed  iu   17GS. 

The  Susquehanna  and  York  borough  turnpike  leads  in  an  almost  direct 
line  from  the  river  at  V.'rightsville  to  Y'ork.  For  a  little  over  half  of  the 
distance  it  runs  to  the  north  of  the  railroad.  It  then  crosses  to  the  south 
side  and  remains  thus  until  it  reaches  York.  It  runs  almost  across  the 
middle  of  the  oM-time  manor. 


rliiii  il 


-  %' 

i:  11 

!|l!ii|! 

1 

Ml.  1  i,! 

RESIDENCE  OF  LATE  RACHEL  BAHN. 


The  eontlicting  claims  of  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania  made  this  locality 
one  of  great  contention.  The  IMarylanders  encroache<l  upon  this  locality, 
settling  a  few  miles  to  the  south  and  also  to  the  west  of  Wriglit's  Ferrv. 
They  were  ejev-ed  l,y  the  authorities  of  the  I'rovince  of  Pennsylvania.  It 
was  not  until  the  running  of  the  famous  :\rason  and  Dixon's  Line  that  the 
disturbances  were  settled  in   176S. 

Probably  the  famous  Kreutz  Creek  Valley,  which  is  traversed  bv  the  creek 
of  the  same  name  which  empties  in  the  river  near  the  lower  border  of 
Wrightsville,  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  State.  To  the  south  of  Wrightsville 
we  have  the  1>eautiful  ('  (inojnhela  Valley  which  Tvas  the  scene  of  violent  bor- 
der disturbances.  AVe  pass  up  the  pike  over  which  General  Gor<lon  made 
his  rapid  march  to  Wrightsville.  We  are  filled  with  admiration  akin  to 
that  expressed  bv  the  rebel  soldiery  \\hich  still  lingers  in  the  rei^dlection  of 
the  ecpially  a-t. :ni>hid  inhabitants.      The  substantial   thrift    of   tho  cuninun- 


FHOM  liE.iDIXG  TO  YOKK. 


171 


ity,  the  large  liouses  and  still  larger  bai'os,  tilled  tlieiii  with  \v(itidor.  Many 
of  tlieiii  had  never  been  heyoiid  the  borders  of  their  own  States  in  whieli 
the  condiiions  and  iinprovenn'nts  \vere  far  dilVereiit.  Tiie  valley  is  limestone 
and  exceedingly  fertile.  General  Early  apjMeeiated  the  returns  and  fertility 
of  the  soil  -whtni  be  declared  that  York  county  and  its  vicinity  was  well  able 
to  pay  tribute,  judging  by  the  extent  of  its  market  productions. 

Our  route  will  lead  us  through   the  townshijis  of   Hellani,    Springetslmry 
and  Springgar<len.     In  this  locality  were  made  the  earliest  legitimate  settle- 


f '   ■-•-,. 

'\ 

..,--^'"*"' 

,-<^'^' 

f^    ^  ^t?f^1^ 

-:         ,       ■                            ■ 

\ 

- 

.<;■'>  'A^'^=^.^'■'■^\••^.•:W^v^f'*''-■_  . 

:--.^''^/    ,  ' 

J^^ 

'^^•'■':-c-^-^^:^:'y''iy ■  ':^y'-'^-  '^^  C<- 

,0'  ;:--'•-';  ] 

:# 

•'"I"" 

«     '.                     '-'/;'■-' 

"  ii:^^"s-~..:::r^• 

■4 

"-.-  .    .  '-•  ;''^v^' -?•-•'■  ,.•■:-■■'-"-"'               -  . 

1?^ 

"'  "'"     '  ?„■ 

-  -.    •  :       ■>  •■^...,-     ;  ';,  -'  I .     '      •  -  .'i    'I    "U 

im'';^-     :f-A;<f:l* 

i'^  1 

■     "...,■         _■    .'>■»•.";;.     ■    ^     'i    **  i                .,     *■■-;-■■;»    ^  "^ 

*^  ;^1::.S^       t'.^^VV  : 

'-'-"'i  "J 

I  ■  :-ii ' 

,  l!J.^';..'??L-^;i:i.-"'S::i_ 

>?5i  f^ 

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'""-'- /'i^,-:,iL^L: 

'""■"iTiC  ■  .:.:^i■.5•'-^^--.1W5vvs^■•^r''■°**■*^:;'"'^  ■~^\.. 

--   ^  ■"'"-'"v^-''f"-:r'"-".""- ■  --.v-. 

:V^.,^^^-Vv^?,-"^*'*»^  '^^^^SlUs^;,-^. 

\               '        *-^-'"--"---'-   ~''-.i/;-.--!j5;' 

i-.  .,- 

.  ''--,>^""-'vC --'"""'"■  .                ~      "■  ■  .    ■ ",       •:^.-  ,-■:  -     .    ,,,.  _. 

6»*s«:2fe«i^:;t, 

til«ii«>i-f''^SieiiiisSi->£    '^gM^i-£iiii£sx^i£Li^_:    u.'L  :*-:■-.-.'<. 

*  ■i~-^:^',Z'<i.L-^-^~\lj^»-r^ii^is>'S^L^^ 

THE  SCHULTZ  HOTEL,  Erected   1734.    The  oldest  house  in  York  County. 


nients  west  of  the  river.  We  approach  Hellam  (formtrly  written  Hallam)  a 
beautiful  rural  town,  tastefully  built  up  and  presenting  a  rare  charm  (^f 
abundance  and  contentment.  Tlu'  railway  station  is  to  the  south  of  the  town. 
Several  churches  are  found  here.  Still  farther  to  the  south  is  found  the 
Eniig  homestead,  a  coun:ry  seat  of  rare  charm.  Here  is  where  occurred  the 
murder  of  Morgan,  tiie  then  owner,  by  the  Hessian  prisoners  from  the  stock- 
ade, several  miles  above. 

The  Kreutz  Creek  and  its  branches  meander  about  ilellam  and  viciiuty. 
The  clear,  sparkling  water  gives  the  wiu)le  conununity  an  air  of  coolness  dur- 
ing the  heat  of  the  summer. 

We  j>ass  up  the  jiiko  and  stop  at  the  rt  sidence  of  Miss  Kaidiel  Balm,  tlie 


172 


THE  i'iv.VA  .si7j-.l\7.i-(;a/.m;j.v. 


poetess.  She  shows  us  evideiiees  of  application  to  literature.  Her  note  books 
and  their  e(Uit<n'. s  are  nioileis  of  jirecision  and  ele;:^ant  peninansliip.  For 
fifty-three  ye.nrs  siie  has   been   a  helpless   invalid.* 

Here  the  old  Monucaey  road  swings  diagonally  to  the  southwest,  passing 
in  front  of  the  John  Shultz  house  built  in  1734.  We  are  kindly  shown  through 
i;s  in-.er'.iir.  We  are  shown  the  ohl-tiine  bar-room,  the  vaulted  cellar,  the 
low  ceilings  an<i  the  duraljle  walls'.  The  house  is  the  oldest  now  standing  in 
the  county.  We  are  iiifomied  tiiat  Martin,  a  brother  of  Jchn  S.diultz,-  also 
built  a  stone  house  al)Out  the  same  time,  of  which  no  traces  remain. 

It  is  said  that   .Morgan  before  mentioned  was  the  onlv  English  settler  in 


'     •    ^          •            ■    .        .-i  -  :     ^•:-          ■•';  V,'    -■'-          .,:■■      .       •        ;•'■;""':    :      ;'    ■. 

:-,lv  '  :■/'  ■     '  ,■          ^-■^.'■■■''^'' ^m^)'  ':..;^::- ■'''''-'■  -^                           '' y'- 

■■:"''■*'■'-'■■    '        '     •  .       :-■■  ^.v  ,;'.>.•■■;"■;':-:-:'-■ ->■'■.  :>  '.      -,.:  "     .  '    i'  i   ":-.' ^^;" '■-:"'!.' 

•     .'  /.     :  •     ■    ■-■    ■             ■'".-        '•■.■:'/:.:■    "J         ' ';"■■  •>  ^:?:; '■  ■      ■'"'''".:;'  -^:"  ,'i-V' 

'  ■  ^':     ':'  '              '"    :.-  .    . , -^5- '':  J'""".-'  ■—             v-^Rj-iftf-    ■:'/:■  '  ;'i^"  ^  ■!'■■  "'.;"■- 

-;:riy-'^/';::.a-'^^ 

>,,".■  *^  •               -      '  >    .  ,   '       ^-  -■  "\  , :     ",   A  ,'-•:'  V    '-"'■■•■  ^          i-  "    "  ^    ■  n^  -  '^    ''-      -"^v^ 

■■'     t.                  ,      ''            ■  ;               •'■/,■■'           "■    .-■       "'^■-      -  ■'"      -:*    ■-■'■■     *-•'■'      ■   ■  'r      ..'\i     '//  '    ".-     -     '■5-     ■•."■■>-■/     "  !    !"""-■';     •'■'■i' 

'■-  -■'      "-'■■'■.          •'■  "                •*■-■'.-    -   "■       "'"     -•    ■    ■■■*        '■         -     ■  -      ■                r    ■'    •        J                         '^     ■;■    r     •-'■      .        ;.       ,     .     ,-_,.--,^ 

■-,"""■■*     "-■■"*.■'.-          -:V"'.V '■'■''^"'CJ-"'    "-'^'."   '  -  ■-      -■■'-',"      r^  :    .              .,              '^.'\                  '     . ';.         -■-"■    '"        —■•■'-'■■.      -■—.'- 

^         ~..--    ^-  ."   """'-'-         -^    ---'.:.-■'-'  • , -■"'^       !'_'   '■■'.'■-' ■^'  \'^'^"  "  "'  ^                — ^."    '.  - '''f-    '   '       ^     'i-:':.  ,-•    •     ■ 

THE  HESSIANS'  BURIAL  GROUNDS— Containing  over  1,0C0  bodies. 

this  whole  region.  The  nanus  handed  down  seem  to  he  German.  Of  course 
the  old  Monocacy  road  has  been  vacated  and  i', s  pathway  is  for  the  most 
part  a  matter  of  tradition.  Still  the  survey  is  on  record  and  it  would  be 
possible  to  reconstruct  the  highway. 

"We  pass  up  a  little  farther  in  devious  private  roads  and  pass  over  the 
Kauffman  farm  up  the  ridge  and  view  the  site  of  the  famous  stockade  and 
encampment  of  the  Hessian  and  British  prisoners.  The  views  to  be  had  of 
the  beautiful  Kreu'. z  Creek  Valley  fn  m  its  summit  are  charming. t  Every 
thing  is  now  quiet  and  almost  every  trace  has  been  removed.  We  pass  over 
the  brow  of  the  hill  and  come  upon  '.he  site  of  the  Hessmn  graveyard,  which 
is  a  token  of  so  n^ich  forgotten  misery.  The  ground  is  now  farmed  over. 
We  view  the  famous  ''Hessian  Thai''  and  take  j)ictur(S  of  these  surround- 
ings.    We  retrace  our  steps  across  to  S'.ony  Brook,  where  the  railroad  now 


•Dierl  Aiiir.  IV  IPn:. 

t  F'>r  a  tint-  n.."ni  in   I'fiiii^ylvania-i  Jorniaii  celebrating  th«'  beauties  of  this  valley,  sf-e  It.  L 

ler's  ■Kreutz-Krii'K  Walli" 


FROM  1:eAI)1\G  to  YORK.  173 

crosses  the  turnpike.     The  old  Monoea.,v  rua.l   also  n.a.le  a  turn  from  the 
Sehultz  home  towards  the  north  approaching  the  pike 

Our  next  stopping  place  is  the  Mell-known  Hicstand  Ilotol.     This  is  a  very 
mZ:Tv7  '''^''''.^f  ^r-^  --■"^>-  ''^-  ^-ty-five  feet,  which  was  buiU 

nn^  :T      '"■"''"     ""  '""-'^  =^'""^  ^"•^  J^'*^^'^  -^^1  ^'-^l^-  t-veled 

^auz^unoug  tares  averaged  one  to  every  nule.     We  take  severaf  views  of 
tL.s  fa-fanied  hostelry  and  take  a  view  of  the  highly  cultivated  surround- 


■7^>^-r-y; 


THE  HIEJTAND  VALLEY  HOTEL. 
Here  President  Washington  wa^  entertained  in   1791. 

ings  On  all  sides  the  view  takes  in  colossal  barns  and  lar.^^  tastefullv  built 
^bs  antud  nsidences.  To  the  northeast  stretch  the  HellL  Hd  n  ^  t  ^ 
of  which  IS  found  the  noted  hern.it  Joel  Sraney.  A  vtsit  to  this  n,an  d 
h^  s,n-K.undings  is  invested  with  considerable  inrerest.  We  seeu^d  n 
ber  of  large  photographs  of  the  hernut  and  his  surroundings  fnl  k  le 
hernms  of  more  southern  oriental  climes.  ,h.s  hernut  at  the  approach  'f"  c 
weather  retires  into  wint'T  .iu-irtpr<;      Ti, .   .  i       .     .-  -  ^'I  I  ^oa.  n  or  cold 

in  his  accustomed  place.        '  "'"^"'  ''  ^'"'"^'  ^"^^  ^"^  --'.^• 

"^0     as   a   hotel.     In   ns   palmy   days  ir   was   presided   over   bv  a   landlord 
by  the  name  of  Bard,     -he  hi.t.ry  of  this  hotel,  its  balls  and  pa^i  ^^^ 
^t  be  wrm.n,  w,.„ld  till  .   vohune.     Local  historians  main:ain  that  thi;  tile! 


174  THE  ri:S .\ S,Y L\- AN lA-GKUM AN . 

had  the  hmior  of  ontortaining  President  Washington  \vhen  hd  passed  through 
the  county.  That  is  very  probable  as  he  was  accompanied  to  Wright's  Ferry 
by  a  hirge  nundK'r  of  friends  and  admirers.  No  comnuuiity  in  the  country 
e.xceeded  York  county  in  loyalty  and  devoti'ju  to  the  Revolutionary  cause  and 
its  belo%ed  conunander-in-cliief. 

While  the  notorious  Conway  Cabal  had  its  headquarters  in  York  and  there 
met  its  quietus,  its  people  were  in  no  wise  connected  with  its  machinations. 

Our  advance  towards  York  is  greeted  by  a  vision  of  the  town  as  it  grad- 
ually appears  to  our  view.  Situated  in  the  great  York  Valley  with  its  diverg- 
ing sub-valleys  it  presents  a  picture  of  beauty.  The  spires  of  its  churches 
and  the  towers  of  its  public  buildings  arouse  our  expectations,  which  on 
closer  view  are  not  disappointed.  The  surrounding  farms  are  delightfully 
clean  and  well  kept.  The  smoke  of  its  large  chimneys  shows  that  it  possesses 
numerous  and  bus}-  manufactories.  The  town  stretches  away  in  the  distance. 
Its  location  is  admirable.  Its  lines  of  railways  to  the  east  and  west,  to  the 
north  anil  south,  give  it  a<lnurable  facilities  for  connnunication  with  renmte 
points.  Thus  we  reach  York,  towards  wl\ich  all  roads  converge.  The  traveler 
has  the  choice  of  a  nundjer  of  wdl-kept,  first-class  hotels  at  which  he  can  be 
delightfully  entertained  while  he  makes  a  closer  acquaintance  with  the  town 
and  its  hospitable  inhabitants. 


The  news  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  by  our  Continental  Con- 
gress was  first  published  to  the  world  by  a  Pennsylvania-German  printer. 
Hcinrich  Miller,  at  the  head  of  a  flourishing  German  press  in  Philadel- 
phia, and  recognized  German  printer  for  Congress,  issued  his  "Staats- 
bote"  weekly  at  this  time,  which  was  the  only  Philadelphia  paper  making 
its  appearance  on  Friday.  As  the  Declaration  was  adopted  on  Thursday, 
his  paper  was  the  first  to  publish  the  interesting  news  to  the  world  in  the 
following  language,  set  "in  the  boldest  antique  type  that  the  office  could 
boast": 

"Philadelphia,  den  5  July.  Gestern  hat  der  achbare  Congress  dieses 
vesten  Landes  die  vereinigten  Colonien  freye  und  unabhangige  Staaten 
erklaret.  Die  Declaration  in  Englisch  ist  gesetzt  in  der  Presse:  sie  ist 
datirt  den  4ten  July.  1776,  und  wird  hent  oder  morgen  in  druck  erschei- 
nen." 

It  is  noteworthy  that  anotiier  Miller— the  Ephata  prior — soon  after 
translated  the  same  English  form  of  this  "Declaration"  into  seven 
European  languages. ^ — -"Hoch  dem  Deutchen  in  Amerika!" 


IV  no   11  AS  LOG  AS  f  lib 

WHO  WAS  LOGAN,  THE  MINGO  CHIEF? 

BY  UKV.  CVKLS   CORT,  D.D. 

AMONG  tlie  first  of  my  sc-hool-boy  deulaniations  -was  tlie  famous  speech 
of  Loyan,  the  ^(ingo  chief,  -witli  its  pathetic  cU)se:  "  \Vho  is  there 
to  mourn  for  Ijogaii  ?     Not  one.'' 

I  propose  to  change  the  form  of  the  cpiestion  and  will  try  to  answer  the 
interesting  cjuery  ''Who  was  Loi^an  himsdf  ?" 

It  is  not  generally  kno^vn  that  Logan  was  the  second  sun  of  Shekallamy, 
the  firm  and  fast  friend  of  Colonel  Conrad  Weiser,  the  great  Indian  in- 
terpreter. His  father  was  a  memher  of  the  Moravian  church  and  had  this 
son  baptized  Logan  in  honor  of  dames  Logan  the  distinguished  secretary 
connected  with  the  Proprietary  Council  of  Pennsylvania  in  Provincial  days. 
Shekallamy  was*  a  chief  of  the  Cayuga  tribe  of  Iroquois,  or  Six  Nations  of  In- 
dians, and  resided  for  many  years  at  Shamokin  where  he  died  and  was  buried 
in  1749.  Mingo  was  the  Indian  name  of  the  Iroquois.  Shekallamy  (^whose 
name  is  spelled  in  different  ways  by  writers  of  Provincial  times)  and  Con- 
rad AVeiser  were  in  constant  communication  with  each  other  and  they  and 
their  sons  exchanged  many  visits  of  hospitable  friendship  as  well  as  of  a 
more  official  character.  As  agent  and  representative  of  Pennsylvania, 
Maryland  and  Virginia.  Conrad  Weiser,  wi(h  the  assistance  of  Shekallamy, 
negotiate<l  many  treaties  and  preven: etl  many  hostile  contlicts  between  the 
Indians  and  frontier  settlers  in  pioneer  days. 

On  one  occasicui,  in  September,  17-14,  Conrad  went  to  Slianu>kin  with  eight 
young  men  from  Berks  county  and  in  seventeen  days'  time  erected  a  very 
commodious  d\\elling  for  Shekallamy  out  of  the  raw  material.  It  was  forty 
nine  and  a  half  feet  long  by  seventeen  and  a  half  feet  wide  and  covered  with 
shingles. 

When  bad  Indians  committed  outrages  upon  the  whites  Shekallamy  had 
them  arrested  and  punished,  and  when  lawless  frontier  men  occupied  the 
Indian  territory  contrary  to  treaty  sti])ulations,  Conrad  went  wilh  a  posse 
and  ejected  them. 

The  Indians  generally  in  the  many  councils  held  at  Easton,  Onondaga, 
Lancaster,  Philadelphia,  etc.,  bore  testinumy  to  the  fact  that  Conrad  Weiser 
always  spoke  the  truth  and  did  the  right  thing  between  the  red  man  and  the 
white  man.     Hence  he  enjoyed  the  full  confulence  and  esteem  of  both  races. 

There  was,  however,  one  excejdion  among  the  Indians,  Keekyuskung,  a 
Delawarean  chief,  who  wanted  a  price  set  upon  French  scalps  at  the  Easton 
treaty  of  1757,  which  Conrad  opposed  both  on  grounds  of  humanity  and  of 
policy  because  if  such  premium  were  offered  they  would  probably  be  called 
upon  to  pay  for  sctilps  of  their  own  kindred.  Keekyuskung  denounced  Con- 
rad on  several  occasions  but  was  promptly  reprimanded  by  ottier  chiefs  wno 
praised  Conrad  as  a  friend  of  truth  .'uul  defemh^r  of  the  rights  of  the  In- 
dians. After  a  treacherous,  dissijiated  and  bloodthirsty  career  Keekyuskung 
met  his  merited  doom  on  the  g<iry  field  of  Pushy  Pun,  17()."!,  at  the  point  of 
Highland  Imyont  ts  after  being  largely  instrumental  in   fomenting  tlie  Pim- 


170  THE   J'EyXSYLVAMA-aEmiAN. 

tiac  Avar.  .During  the  droailfnl  night  of  Augu.st  5.  when  Colonel  Bouquet's 
little  army  of  deli\  oranoe  was  sorely  be&'et  liy  howling  savages  Keekyuskung 
was  eo!is}ucuous  in  taunting  tlie  thirsty  ami  weary  troops  with  Ijlaekguanl 
threats  anrl  epithets  bellowed  from  behind  a  large  tree  at  a  safe  distance 
from  the  picket  line. 

After  the  death  of  his  father  and  Conrad  Weiser,  his  father's  friend,  Lo- 
gan remained  on  frien<lly  terms  with  the  white  settlers  iu  spite  of  Indian 
upbraiibngs,  especially  during  the  French  and  Indian  \\  ar,  and  the  Pontiac 
Outbreak  of  1763.4. 

He  locateil  for  some  years  in  Kishicoquilhis  A'alley  and  then,  owing  to 
encroachments  of  white  settlers,  moved  to  Oliio  in  1771,  and  located  at  the 
mouth  of  Yellow  Creek,  thirty  miles  above  AVheeliug,  whtre  be  collected  and 
formed  a  settlement  largely  composed  of  friends  and  relatives  from  the  re- 
gion of  the  Susquehanna.  In  May,  1774,  one  Daniel  Greathouse,  with  some 
thirty  other  white  settlers,  hearing  of  Indian  depredations  do^\  n  the  Ohio 
and  not  knowing  perhaps  the  character  and  antecedents  of  Logan,  made  an 
attack  upon  this  village  in  tlie  absence  of  Logan,  and  killed  a  dozen  and 
wounded  a  nunilier  of  other  friends  and  relatives  of  Logan,  including  his 
sister. 

Ou  his  return  Logan  buried  the  dead,  made  provision  for  the  wounded  and 
then  with  the  remnant  of  his  Mingo  band  wont  into  Ohio  and  joined  the 
ferocious  Sharonees  and  fought  with  vengeful  fury  against  the  whites.  lie 
was  over  six  feet  tall  and  weighed  about  two  hundred  pounds,  but  was  very 
swift  afoot.  Had  a  frank,  open,  manly  countenance  and  was  pronounced 
one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  humatiity  ever  seen  among  cither  red  or 
white  race.  '• 

Logan  Mas  mistaken  as  to   the  author  or  leader  of  the  lawless  outrage  ' 

committed  against  him  and  his  kindred.  It  was  Greathouse  and  not  Cressap 
who  slaughtered  his  relatives  and  changed  Logan  from  a  friend   into  a  re-  ■ 

vengeful  foe  of  the  Mhites,  and  led  to  the  slaughter  of  hundreds  of  innocent  ; 

people.      But    Heckniel-der,    Zcislierger   and    famous    Moravian   missionaries,'  1 

residing  in  Ohio  among  the  Iiulians  at  that  time,  tell  us  that  such  was  the  { 

current  rejiort  at  the  time,  and  Ciessap  was  the  one  blamed.  After  the  battle  ■] 

of  Point   Pleasant   the  Indians  sued  for  peace  lest   Lord   Dunmore's  large  \ 

army  should  desolate  their  homes  on  the  Aluskinguni.     Logan  disdained  to  3 

appear  as  a  suppliant  at  the  great  rouncil  In  Id  between  l^ord  Dunnmre  and  -■ 

the  hostile  chiefs  near  where  CircleviHe.  Oliio,  now  stands.     But  he  delivered  :' 

in  person   to  Colonel  Gibson,  of  the  Thirtcentli    Virginia  Reginu'Ut,  the  ad-  c 

dress  which  the  Cohmel  translated  and  handed  to  Lord  Dunmore,  along  with  \ 

a  belt  of  wampum.  | 

Thomas  Jeiferson  found  Logan's  speech  in  the  archives  of  Virginia  and  f 

copied  it  into  his  Virginia  Xotes  just  as  it  was  translated  by  Colonel  Gib-  S 

son  at  the  time  of  its  delivery  by  Logan.     Lutlior  Alartin,  the  distinguished  \ 

Maryhind  lawyer,  related  liy  marriage  to  Ciiptain  ]Mii-hael  Cressap,  and  others  i 

fiercely  di'iiounccd  .FetTer-'m  and  evon  chargi'i]  lijui  witli  manufacturing  the  | 

s[ieech.      < 'chun  1    tlibson,    however,    \  inilii-ni«_d   .TclTcrsi.n  "s    vt-racitv   and    the  ., 


irno  irjs  logax.'  177 

reality  of  the  transaction  with  Logan  itself.  His  relative,  Chief  Justice 
Oibsi.in,  one  of  the  greatest  jurists  anil  intellectual  giants  ever  pro(luce<l  by 
the  Keystone  State,  iJefland  in  subsequent  years  not  only  that  (Joluuel  Gib- 
sou  was  perfectly  relialile  but  also  fully  eoin],ietent  to  gi\'e  the  speec-h  of 
Logan  the  correct  anil  grapliu-  setiing  uhii-h  has  nuole  it  famous  all  over 
the  world  as  a  noble  specimen  of  untutored  eloquence. 

My  great-grandfather,  on  my  mother's  side,  Jacob  P.yerly,  was  a  member 
of  that  p>art  of  thf  Tliirteenth  Virginia  Jiegiment  which  was  located  at  Fort 
Pitt  during  the  Kevolutionary  War  and  served  under  Colonel  Gibson.  As 
for  Logan  himself,  he  became  melauidioly  and  addicted  to  strong  drink  like 
the  great  Pnntiac,  Red  .Jacket  anil  other  typical  Indians,  and  was  liualiy 
slain  in  a  drunken  debauch  on  his  way  between  Detroit  and  the  Miami.  His 
case  is  but  one  among  many  illustrating  how.  innocent  white  settlers  be- 
came the  victims  of  savage  brutality  because  of  wrongs  perpetrated  against 
peaceable  Tmlians  by  unprincipled  wJiiti'  men  and  often  by  i>ublic  oftlcials. 
We  give  the  sjieech  itself  to  illustrate  this  point. 

"I  appeal  to  any  white  man  to  say  if  he  ever  entered  Logan's  cabin  and 
he  gave  him  no  meat ;  if  he  came  cold  and  naked  and  he  clothed  him  not. 
During  the  last  long  and  bloody  war  Logan  remained  idle  in  his  cabin,  an 
advocate  of  peace.  Su(h  was  my  love  for  the  whiti's  that  my  countrymen 
as  they  passed  said,  'Logan  is  the  friend  of  the  whites.'  I  had  thought  of 
living  among  you,  but  for  ;he  injuries  of  one  man.  Captain  Cressap,  last 
spring,  in  cold  blood  and  unj)rovokcd.  murdered  all  the  relations'  of  I^ogan, 
not  sparing  eveu  my  women  and  chihlren. 

"There  runs  not  one  drop  of  my  blood  in  any  living  creature.  This  called 
on  me  for  revenge.  I  have  sought  it.  I  have  killed  many;  I  have  fully  glut- 
ted my  vengeance.  For  my  country  I  rejoice  in  the  beams  of  peace.  But 
do  not  harbor  the  thought  that  nnne  is  the  joy  of  fear.  Logan  never  felt 
fear.  He  will  not  turn  on  his  heel  to  save  his  life.  Who  is  there  to  mourn 
for  Logan?     Not  one." 

j^     *     ^ 

For  seventy-five  years  the  Youth's  Companion  has  been  published  every 
week  as  a  family  pajier.  In  thi>se  seventy-tive  years  the  paper's  constancy 
to  a  high  standard  has  won  the  confidence  of  the  American  people.  It  has 
keptt  pace  -uith  the  growth  of  the  country,  its  stories,  its  special  articles,  its 
editorials,  its  solections  all  that  is  best  in  American  life. 


Lipf-incott 's  Magazine  each  month  {)rinfs  a  comjilete  novel  which,  when 
they  ultimately  take  book  form,  cost  a  sum  equal  to  a  subscription  to  ' '  Li[)- 
pincotf'  for  an  entire  ye.-ir.  Hesides,  thore  are  each  mon;h  short  stories 
chosen  because  they  have  something  in  tiicm  to  move,  to  etitertain  or  to  di- 
vert. Besides,  again,  there  are  eaca  month  one  or  more  papers  of  practical 
value  in  American  ideals,  on  Gardening,  on  Out-door  Life,  and  on  themes 
of  pressing  interest;  and  there  are  always  the  best  poems  that  American  lite 
vields. 


178 


THE  1  'KSy  SYLIA  .V  lA-G  KRM.  I  A'. 


THE  BIRTHPLACE  OF  THE  TELEPHONE 

[We  insert  the  following  from   "The   Miller's  Review,"  kindly  sent  us 
by  its  editor,  Mr.  \V.  IL   Riehardson.— lulitor.j 

TiE  telephone  of  ii^'Cj  vs.  the  telephone  of  iQooI     The  mutations  of 
a  third  of  a  century  have  brought  out  changes  in  arts  and  sciences 
which  would  recjuire  volume  upon  volume  to  describe.      Here   is 
one  of  the  inventions  which  in   1S67-8  was  looked  upon  with  much  curi- 
osity and  as  a  real  novelty  drew  many  neighbors,  and  others  from  a  dis- 
tance, to  the  sliops  of  the  modest  inventor,  Daniel  Drawbaugh.  of  Eberly  s 


%       -4 


%:m^ 


■k  > 


k 


^r?.  -1»  -I.,t;-L-- 


^^'V•■-'»-^^.;  .*■"■ 


^-i 


,  z:<-_^-/='.  -    -l — -.-■*i'>-/"'T   i'r.*'-*-«\u%v .."-.'.  '--■'-i^^*'L■VJ^.t 


EBERLY'S  MILLS,  PA. 


Mills.  Cumberland  county.  Pa.,  to  see  the  wonderful  "talking  machine," 
ihen  in  its  infancy,  but  now  developed  into  the  great  teiepiione  systems 
which  spread  their  network  of  wires  over  almost  every  inhabited  country 
i>'\  the  globe.  Under  the  combined  efforts  of  difYerent  inventors  this 
great  commercial  agency  has  been  brought  to  a  state  of  admitted  per- 
fection and  universal  usefulness.  Next  to  its  elder  kin,  the  telegraph, 
it  has  stripped  the  world  of  ancient  distances,  it  has  relegated  to  a  mem- 
ory the  long  delay  in  communication  by  messengers  and  it  has  made,  so 
to  speak,  family  communities  of  whole  States. 

Do   we   stop   to   think,   or   can   we   even   conceive   the   advancement   to 


riii:  liiirniPLACK  of  tiii:  riiuinioyK. 


179 


civilization  to  whicii  this  ^rt-'at  inedimn  of  rapid  coninuuiication  lias  given 
the  impetus!  Xu  doubt  many  inipro\  emcnts  will  I)e  made  in  the  future-^ 
but  let  the  I'uiuie  take  care  of  its  nvvu  achievements  and  let  us  dial  with 
the  present  and  as  far  as  lies  within  our  power  lei  us  do  justice  to  the 
pioneer  of  this  great  invention.  In  order  tiiat  we  may  be  perfectly  fair 
toward  all  those  who  contributed  of  their  brain  and  thoughts  to  the 
accomplishment  and  perfection  of  tiiis  time  and  distance  annihilator,  I 
must  submit  each  relative  claim  to  the  judgment  of  those  who  care  to 
investigate  the  merits  of  the  different   inventors  concerned. 

My  personal  knowledge  and  observation  comincc  me  beyond  any 
doubt  that  Daniel  Drawbaugh,  the  inventor  of  the  "talking  machine." 
which  girdled  almost  every  house  and  shop  in  the  historic  village  of 
Eberly's  Mills,  four  miles  southwest  of  Harnsburg.  Pa.,  was  at  least  one 
of  the  earhest,  if  not  indeed  the  pioneer  in  the  discovery  of  the  telephone. 
While  his  first  machines  in  their  primitive  conception  were  doulttless 
crude,  still  in  them  were  arranged  the  same  principles  as  are  now  em- 
ployed in  general  use.  The  shop  in  which  Mr.  Drawbaugh  conducted 
his  experiments  is  only  a  stone's  throw  from  the  mill  illustrated  here- 
with, and  the  mdl  itself  in  those  days  was  the  place  at  which  the  uuento: 
was  wont  to  meet  his  friends,  the  relations  between  the  millers  and  Mr. 
Drawbaugh  bemg  very  close  at  that  lime.  If  my  recollection  serves  me 
right,  Mr.  Drawbaugh  was  a  millwright  before  he  commenced  the  actual 
demonstration  ol  his  "talking  machine,"  and  in  association  with  an  elder 
brother,  followed  that  calling  for  stmie  time. 

At  that  early  day  Mr.  Drawbaugh's  shops  and  the  mill  were  tlironged 
almost  daily  with  visitors;  expressions  of  admiration,  amusement  and 
astonishment  were  the  leading  sentiments  of  those  who  witnessed  the 
curious  devehipments  of  the  machine.  I  was  then  a  near  neighbor  and 
personal  friend  of  Mr.  Drawbaugh;  then,  as  now,  he  was  a  modest,  plain 
man,  with  unusual  powers  of  conception  and  application.  He  is  the  in- 
ventor of  many  useful  things  which  are  in  general  use  today,  but  to  my 
mind  the  telephone  entitles  him  to  the  gratitude  of  all  people,  every- 
where, who  are  brought  near  to  each  other  through  the  easy  medium  of 
the  "heilo"  box.  and  I  think  that  some  of  us  will  live  long  enough  to  see 
the  name  of  Drawbaugh  occupying  a  place  in  the  galaxy  of  our  great 
iiu  entors. 


This  maga;^inc  has  for  sale  most  of  the  portrait  pictures  used  as 
frontispieces,  printed  on  heavy  paper  at  10  cents  a  copy,  and  half-tone 
cuts  of  many  of  the  illustrations  that  have  and  are  constantly  appearing 
at  very  reasonable  rates. 


180  THE  FEySSYIA-AMA-GKUMAX. 

THE    GERMANS    AS    A    FACTOR    IN    OUR 
NATIONAL  LIFE 

BY  ):EV.  ph.  VOLI,MEr;,  PH.  D.,  D.  !>.,  OF  PHIL.VDEl.PHIA. 

/"TTA    III'  AiiieriL-au   natiun   may   lie  iitly  ocHiipareu   to  a   stalely  oak  tree. 

I       , There  are  many  channels  ihrougli  which  the  sap  of  liberty  found  its 

way  into  the  mighty  trunk,  giviii^r  l,rauty  an.l  \itulity  to  branch  and 

leaf,  to  foliage  and  fruit.     IJut  there  are  five  jirincipal  roots  which  are  the 

main  sources  of  American  civilization  and  of  the  institutions  which  con- 
serve to  promote  this  civilization.     Ihese  are  the  English,   the  German,  the 

Dutch,  the  French-Huguenot  and  the  Scotch-Irish  roots.  The  question  was 
asked  to  discuss  is  as  to  the  amount  and  quality  or  the  sap  which  the  Ger- 
man ro<-it  has  contributed  and  is  contributing  to  this  mighty  oak. 

In  the  first  place  the  Germans  arc  a  most  important  numerical  factor  in 
our  national  life.  German  inirnigratiou  began  when  on  the  6Ji  of  October, 
16S3,  Daniel  Pastorius  and  his  company  landed  at  Philadelphia  and  subse- 
quently founded  Germantown.  There  are  now  in  America  over  10,000,000 
of  people  either  born  abroad  or  descended  from  German  ancestors.  In  some 
States,  as  Wisconsin,  the  Germans  are  in  a  majority.  New  York  City  is  the 
third  largest  German  city  in  the  world.  I'ennsylvania  has  always  been  a 
banner  State  of  German  immigration.  It  has  been  asserted  and  never  suc- 
cessfully disproved  that  three-fifths  of  the  present  inhabitants  of  Pennsyl- 
vania have  German  blood  running  in  their  veins.  Their  present  names  are 
not  a  certain  criterion  of  national  descent,  because  thousands  of  Germans, 
some  from  worthy  and  others  from  unworthy  motives  have  anglicized  their 
names.  Scratch  a  :Mr.  Carpenter,  or  a  Mr.  King,  or  a  Mr.  Cook,  or  a  Mr. 
Taylor,  or  a  Mr.  DUuk.  or  a  :\rr.  Stone,  and  you  will  find  in  many  cases  a 
Zimmerman,  a  Koenig,  a  Ko<-li,  a  Schneider,  a  Schwarz,  and  a  Stein.  A 
Oerman  Pennsylvania  farmer  by  the  name  of  Klein  has  recently  held  a 
family  reunion.  His  four  sons  were  present  and  their  names  had  been 
■changed  respectively  into  Kline,  Small,  Little  and  Short.  There  are  todav 
seven  hundred  thousand  people  in  Pennsylvania  speaking  that  homely  and 
mellow  IVnnsylvania-German  .lialoct,  and  as  the  Philadelphia  Ledger  said 
recently,  "It  were  a  pity  if  this  dialect  would  soon  die  out."  But  there 
IS  at  present  little  danger  of  this,  for  I  know  of  expfrience  that  even 
negroes.  Scotchmen,  and  people  of  other  nationalities  liave  been  assimi- 
lated and  become  German.Pcnnsylvanians  in  speech  and  customs.  Evtn  be- 
fore the  Kevulution  the  Germans  were  so  strong  in  rennsylvania,  that  the 
question  came  up  in  the  legislature  whether  the  German  or  the  English  sh.nild 
hQ  the  oflicial  language.  A  tie  vote  resulted  and  the  president,  a  German, 
•gave  the  casling  vote  in  fav.ir  of  English,  a  wise  dtcision,  I  think,  all  things 
•considered. 

The  Germans  have  been,  in  the  second  {dace,  aa  important  educatbmal 
factor  in  literature,  science  and  art.  I  need  not  speak  of  the  German's  love 
of  education  in  all  its  bran.dies.  This  is  conceded.  Luther  and  Zwingii 
were  the  founders  of  the  mo.lern  public  schcol.  [Melandithon  is  known  as  the 
jefornicr  of  the  Universities,  the  ^loravian  bishop  Coruenius.  who  once  re- 


THK  GKh'MA.SS  AS  A  FACTOR.  isi 

ctived  an  urgent  call  to  tlie  i.rcsi.lcncy  of  Harvar.l  College,  was  the  path- 
finder of  modern  educational  methods,  an.l  Froel.el  was  the  foun.ler  of  the 
"Kindergarten."  This  inl.orn  love  for  i-opuiar  and  higher  education  the 
first  Gorman  s.'ttlers  transplanted  to  America.  Franklin  in  1774,  reported 
that  they  o^viud  six  ]>rinting  j^resses  and  were  in  the  habit  of  importing 
large  quantities  of  books.  The  first  Bible  printed  on  this  continent  was 
printed  by  tlie  G.rmans  and  the  first  protest  against  slavery  was  made  by 
German  Quakers.  It  is  therefore,  a  gross  sla.uUr  to  represent  the  Germans, 
especially  the  Pennsylvania-Germans,  as  an  uncouth,  ignorant  and  illiterate 
class  of  men. 

«  "Truth  crushed  to  earth  will  rise  again 

The  eternal  years  of  God  are  her's. " 

Professor  Hinsdale  says  in  his  reetnt  article  on  "Foreign  influence  upon 
American  Education,"  that  in  1776  Franklin  visited  Goeltingen  to  get  Ger- 
man ideas  to  guide  him  in  founding  the  University  of  Pennsylvania"  and  it 
is  well  known  that  those  of  our  Anurican  universities  which  deserve  that 
name,  are  modeled  after  German  and  not  after  English  patterns.  Profes- 
sor Hinsdale  proceeds  as  follows: 

"William  Penn,  it  may  be  set  down  as  certain,  got  his  ideas  of  the  com- 
mon .school  from  Germany.  'J'he  German  colonists  he  brought  here  repre- 
sented a  far  higher  level  of  education  than  his  English  colonists.  They  were 
more  advanced  in  the  arts,  they  were  better  versed^  in  letters  and  they 'repre- 
sented a  higlier  educational  standard  than  then  existed  in  England,  whose 
universities  and  schools  were  then  at  their  lowest  ebb,  and  even  from  these 
Dissenters  were  excluded." 

It  is  hardly  necessary  to  prove  the  great  contributions  Germans  have  made 
to  the  mechanical  sciences,  to  music  and  to  commerce.  I  have  recently  seen 
it  stated  and  proved  by  figures  that  half  of  the  success  of  the  Pen-American 
Exposition  at  Buffalo  is  to  be  credited  to  foreign  born  o:  native  born 
Germans. 

In  the  third  place  the  Germans  have  alwavs  been  an  important  political 
factor— not  in  the  sense  of  ofltice.sceking— they  never  got  their  fair  share 
in  this,  but  in  the  sense  of  intense  American  i)atriotism.  While  the  self-re- 
specting German  never  loses  his  love  for  his  mother,  the  old  Fatherland,  he 
embraces  with  all  the  powers  of  his  soul  his  young  self -chosen  bride -Amer- 
ica, with  as  great  a  fervor  as  a  lover  embraces  the  mistress  of  his  afi'ection. 
In  time  of  j-eace,  the  Germans  always  stood  for  honesty,  political  decency 
and  reform.  In  time  of  war  he  was  foremost  to  defend  the  "Star  Spangled 
Banner."  Two  years  before  the  Declaration  of  Independence  was  sig'iied 
the  German  colonists  declared  for  absolute  separation  from  England.  When 
the  rumblings  of  the  Revolution  became  louder,  the  King  of  England  wanted 
to  know  two  things,  first,  how  the  Germans  stood  on  the  question  of  Inde- 
pendence, and  secondly,  whether  many  of  them  had  been  soldiers  before  thev 
emigrated.  The  report  made  his  countenance  fall,  for  it  stated  that  the 
Germans  were  almost  unanimously  in  favor  of  independence  and  that  they 
even  had   committees  of  correspond,  n,-e  at   work   t..  runsuli.hite  the  (nTinans 


182  TlIK   .  KX.\.syjJ-AMA-GJ:i:MA\. 

in  otlior  colonies.  Ami,  then,  grateful  America  will  never  forget  Von  Steu- 
ben, who  in  the  darkest  hour  of  the  Revolutionary  war  arrived  from  Ger- 
many and  <lrilteil  Wasliiiigton 's  defeated  soldiers  for  six  months  according 
to  the  improved  UermaTi  methods  and  eiialih  d  them  to  again  win  victories. 
During  ;he  (.'ivil  V,"ar.  20U,UU0  Germans  fought  on  the  side  of  the  Union  and 
very  few  on  the  side  of  the  Confederacy.  When  Abraham  Lincoln,  at  a 
crisis,  called  for  mere  soldiers,  the  Irish  of  New  York  instigated  the  in- 
famous "Draft  Riot.''  an  Anglo-American  governor  addressed  these  rioters 
from  the  steps  of  the  C'iiy  Hall  as  "My  Friends."  while  the  German  so- 
cieties issued  new  calls  to  their  countrymtn  to  drive  back  the  enemy.  An 
unimpeachable  autlinrity  has  stated:  "As  Ijetween  the  native  born  of  the 
North  and  the  native  born  of  the  South,  inilependently  auil  alone,  the  Civil  ' 
War  would  almost  certainly  have  terminated  differently,  if  the  help  of  the 
foreign  born  in  the  North  had  not  been  arrayed  against  the  Confederacy." 
It  is  a  matter  of  record  that  the  Germans  of  St.  Louis  k«  pt  ^vlissouri  in  the 
Union.  During  the  late  Spauisli-American  War  an  American  of  French  de- 
scent, Dewfy,  destroyed  the  tleet  at  ^Manila ;  an  American  of  German  descent, 
Schley,  defeased  the  nuich  more  iorniidable  tieit  at  San  iago;  anotlier  Ameri- 
can of  German  descent,  Scliafter,  won  the  land  battle  before  Santiago,  and 
an  American  of  Dutch  descent,  Roosevelt,  was  the  leader  in  .hat  latter  battle. 
But  the  American  of  English  dt  scent.  Sampson,  was  ten  miles  away  at  the 
most  critical  hour  of  the  entire  war,  and  Anglo-Saxon-like  was  quite  ready  to 
claim  the  credit  for  the  victory.  Does  not  this  record  show  this  composite 
character  of  our  nation? 

1  will  only  toudi,  four'.hly,  on  the  Germans  as  a  religious  factor.  The 
Gospel  is  the  same  for  all  nations  but  each  nation  manifests  its  power  in  a 
different  way.  The  (.iermans  of  the  different  denominations,  including  even 
the  ISIethodists  and  Baptists,  stand  for  dtep  reverence  in  public  worship,  for 
an  orderly  service  with  liberty  to  adapt  it  to  circumstances,  for  the  idea  of 
the  church  year,  for  the  educational  meJiod  in  propagating  the  faith  as  over 
against  the  one-side<l  revival  me. hod.  The  other  day  the  president  of  the 
"Reformed  Historical  Exhibit,"  pointing  to  a  large  collection  of  cate- 
chisms, said.  "This  collection  will  by  itself  teach  our  Fresbyterian  friends 
a  lesson."  The  Germans  lay  great  stress  on  what  Dr.  Cuthbert  Hall  recently 
called  the  "Hallowing  of  Education."  They  do  not  only  acknowledge  that 
there  is  a  difference  between  instruction  and  education,  but  they  put  the 
strongest  emphasis  upon  it.  Mere  instruction  is  not  education.  Eilucation 
is  the  bringing  out  of  all  the  faculties  of  the  child,  the  development  of  the 
entire  nature,  the  training  of  the  intellect  and  the  heart  and  the  will  — in  a 
word,  the  whole  man.  To  give  all  attention  to  the  intelligence  of  the  child 
and  to  neglect  its  religious  training  is  not  education.  You  know  well  that 
the  great  crimes  against  society  are  not  committed  by  illiterate  men,  but 
by  nun  who  in  their  youth  were  instructe^l  iuit  not  edncatol;  by  men  who 
grow  up  from  youth  to  manhood  without  religious  training.  Isolated  cases 
are  found  of  violence,  robbery  and  other  crimes  perpetrated  by  the  ignorant. 
But  the  crimes  that  go  to  the  heart  of  society  and  shake  it  to  its  very  foun- 
dations;  the  frauiis  un  public  funds;   the  robbt  ry  of  savings  liaiiks  and  in- 


THE  GERM  ASS  AS  A  FACTOR.  183 

siiranec  oftu-es,  by  which  eoimth^ss  nuinbeis  are  nKi'.le  to  mourn;  the  unset- 
tling of  public  credit;  tbo  gambling  in  stocks;  the  squamlpring  and  the  pil- 
fering of  the  treasury  of  the  nation;  the  unlimited  po\ver  of  corporations, 
by  which  the  artisan  and  Ihe  laborer  may  be  robbc'l  of  the  fruits  of  their 
honest  toil  — these  and  many  more  smdi  evils  are  not  tlie  work  of  ignorant 
and  illiterate  m-'n.  A\'lien  we  see  ricli  men  growing  richer,  and  poor  men 
growing  poorer;  ulien  discontent  is  increasing  and  socialistic  ]irinciples  are 
spreading;  when  jiuIjHc  honesty  and  public  moralit}  are  at  such  a  low  ebb; 
when  religious  indifference  and  infidelity  are  spreading  everywhere  it  is  not 
ditiicult  for  any  thoughtful  man  to  trace  tlie  cause,  and  it  will  be  found  in 
the  separation  of  religion  from  what  is  called  education. 

Other  Christians  subscribe  also  to  this  idea  in  general,  but  there  is  no  na- 
tion under  heaven  and  no  nationality  represented  in  America,  which  lays 
so  much  stress  on  this  truth  as  tlie  Germans.  Aside  trom  the  educational 
system  in  Germany  iself,  witness  for  instance  the  thousands  of  parochial 
schools,  supported,  not  only  for  teaching  the  German  language  as  some  mis- 
takingly  suppose  (for  many  are  entirely  English  in  language),  but  in  order 
to  give  etl'ect  to  their  cherished  theory  of  education.  It  may  not  be  wise  to 
introduce  religion  into  our  public  schools,  but  the  last  word  in  this  great 
discussion  has  not  yet  been  spoken.  Our  great  national  danger  is  that  while 
we  are  making  Christians  out  of  Asiatic  heathen,  nnllions  of  American  Chris- 
tians rapidly  become  heathen,  for  lack  of  adequate  training.  Mr.  Xevin 
truthfully  said,  "Our  public  school  system  ignores  positive  Christianity  al- 
together as  if  it  were  possible  to  prepare  the  youth  adequately  for  the  duties, 
and  temptations  of  this  life  by  directing  their  heart  and  mind  exclusively 
to  the  things  of  this  world." 

Lastly,  the  Germans  have  been  and  are  still  an  important  social  factor, 
having  contributed  many  beautiful  features  to  the  character  of  this  mighty 
nation.  Their  "  Gemiithlichkeit, "  their  high  esteem  of  home  life,  their  aver- 
sion to  boarding  house  life,  their  large  fanulies,  their  hos}>itality,  especially 
among  Pennsylvania-Germans,  their  fondness  of  music  have  become  prover- 
bial. The  "New  woman"  finds  no  favor  with  them.  Club  life  is  not  ap- 
preciated. 

Of  course  you  understand  my  motive  in  thus  pointing  out  the  good  quali- 
ties of  the  Germans.  It  is  not  to  disparage  the  sap  which  other  roots  con- 
tributed to  this  mighty  oak  tree,  but  simply  to  vindicate  the  Germans  from 
the  aspersions  and  the  ignorance  of  large  numliers  of  American  citizens. 

From  the  foregoing  discussion  three  lessons  follow,  the  first  of  which  is 
that  ours  is  not  an  Anglo-Saxon  nation,  but  a  composite  nation.  The  <le- 
scendants  of  the  two  low  German  trilies,  the  Angles  and  the  Saxons,  that 
emigrated  to  England  (in  A.  D.  449)  are  almost  extinct  even  in  England. 
England  properly  comprises  a  mixture  of  Norman,  Anglo-Saxon,  Danish,  and 
Dutch  extraction,  while  Scotland,  Wales  and  Ireland  are  largely  Celtic.  The 
leading  merchants  of  England  are  Scotch  and  Irish,  her  leading  financiers  are 
Jews,  the  reigning  family  is  German  and  her  army  is  recruited  principally 
from  the  Scotcli  and  Irish.     To  apply  tlie  (dip  phrase  "  Anglo-Saxon,"  coined 


184  TEE  VES  \  SYLV  AS  1 AGERMAN. 

hy  Lord  Maoauley,  to  the  American  nation  sliows  biyn(ry  or  ignorance,  or 
both.  You  cannot  truthfully  call  a  civilization  by  a  name  that  has  only  few 
representatives  among  it,  and  which  in  its  essence  jtoints  to  other  sources. 
For  this  reason  even  the  real  scholars  in  England  call  their  own  nation  a 
Teutonic  nation.  America  may  be  compared  to  a  great  cooking  pot  in  which 
a  nutritious  stew  is  being  prepared.  The  outcome  of  it  will  not  be  an  Eng- 
lish sten  although  .Tolin  Bull  contributed  a  respectable  piec  of  beef  to  it. 
It  will  not  be  an  Irisli  stew.  It  will  be  a  mixed  stew  in  which  the  prevail- 
ing ehments  are  tlie  English,  (he  Gornuin  and  others.  The  result 
will  be  a  genuine  Anuriean  stow,  with  a  taste  and  flavor  entirely 
of  its  own;  a  new  creation,  unlike  all  other  nations.  The  American 
people  will  become  in  due  time  the  highest  product  of  Christian  civilization, 
with  all  their  political,  social  and  ecclesiastical  drawbacks,  but  a  harmonious 
blending  of  the  best  features  found  in  all  of  them. 

Hard  as  some  try,  you  cannot  torture  this  nation  into  an  Anglo-Saxon 
nation  because  its  language  happens  to  be  English.  And  even  if  you  could 
make  out  your  case,  it  woulel  be  no  credit  to  America.  If  we  believe  Walter 
Scott's  novels,  the  Saxons  at  the  time  of  the  Norman  rule,  cut  a  sorry  figure 
and  are  not  at  best  an  ancestry  to  boast  of  about.  Now,  while  it  is  ridicu- 
culous  to  speak  of  the  English  as  an  Anglo-Saxon  race,  it  is  foolish  to  apply 
that  name  to  the  American  people,  with  the  Dutch  settlement  in  New  York 
and  New  Jersey,  the  C-ermans  in  Pennsylvania,  the  Spanish  and  French  in  the 
South  and  Scandinavians  in  the  Northwest,  while  all  the  nations  of  the  world 
are  scattered  throughout  the  whole  country.  The  Detroit  "Free  Press,"  in 
an  elaborate  article,  said  recently:  "We  are  not  an  j\nglo-Saxon  race,  ex- 
cept in  the  imagination  of  half-educated  superficial  editors  and  London 
jingo  papers.  The  genuine  English  blood  in  the  veins  of  America  has  so 
much  decreased  that  one  might  call  our  nation  with  as  much  historical  truth 
on  his  side,  a  Greek  nation  as  an  Anglo-Saxon  nation."  An  increasing  num- 
ber of  Americans  are  led  to  see  that  much  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  talk,  enuinat-' 
ing  chiefly  from  London,  is  nothing  more  than  a  concealed  clever  attempt 
to  tell  us  Ihat  after  all  America  iir  nothing  more  than  an  English  dependency, 
in  its  origin,  its  leading  constituents,  and  its  type  of  civilization.  All  of 
which  we  stoutly  deny.  This  sort  of  reasoning  is  an  example  of  the  truth 
of  Mr.  Fronde's  dictum,  that  you  can  make  anything  you  please  with  the 
fact  of  history,  just  as  you  can  write  any  word  with  the  letters  of  the 
alphabet  provided  you  only  pick  those  you  want  and  leave  the  rest. 

My  second  advice  is,  make  your  influence  felt  by  honoring  the  rock  from 
which  you  were  hewn.  To  the  Germans  of  America  may  be  applied  Schil- 
ler's words   of   "  Wallenstein"  : 

"Von  der  Parteien  Gunst  und  Ilass  verwirrt, 
Schwebt  sein  <.'haracterbild  in  der  Geschichte. " 

But  this  misrepresentation  will  cease  if  publications  like  the  Pkxxsyl- 
V.VNlA-GEK.NtAX,  organizal  ons  like  the  rennsylvania-Gcrman  Historical  So- 
ciety, and  uuthdrs  like  Iv  idfluian.  D.'eireiidcrtl'er.  uur  own  T)r.  Schae'tTer.  the 
St  ite   Saperintendent   of    Public   Schoeds,   Dr.   Good,  Dr.   Dubbs  and  others, 


THE  OKL-MAXS  .hS'  A  FACTOR 


IS.; 


can  help  U  A  .el.ool  history,  for  i„s;aace,  uhich  nu.kes  everything  of  Ply- 
mouth Lock  aua  the  ' '  .Maytlowu- ' '  and  nothing  at  all,  or  very  little  of 
svZ       Tl  "'  ;'"  ''^'-'-'^•''"  -  ""perfect,  and  tho'oennan'  in  P;nn- 

treatmen  of  the  settlement  of  America  and  Pennsylvania  in  our  lower  and 
h  gher  schools.     We  all  honor  Penn,  Washington,  Lincoln  and  Garfield    bu 

^r^^d^""'   '"'^^"'^^''   '""^^'   '^""   ^^-'^-^   ^'^1'^'^-  -d  Ad: 

cuUh^le'r'?  ''"  ''^'"'  f"^^^^"^^'^  ^'^^  ^-i^t-^  -^  your  German  ancestors; 
eultnate  the  German  language.     The  knowledge  of  two  languages  does  no 
n.pa.r  An.encan  patriotisn.     Presidents  Cleveland  ana  Harrison  .ve  e  no 
1  ss  patr.ot.c  because  they  had  a  Gern>an   Fraulein  as  governe  s     or  the 

Much  the  I  ttle  ones  sang  ,he  beautiful  German  Christmas  carols  \t  a 
nne^when  Anglo  and  Irish  Americans  spent  thousands  of  dollars  t'acqle 

when      r'"'      T  T  '"""  ^'^  ^"^-"^^^^^  ^^^"'^^  ""^  ^^--  it  awav.  E  en 
when   all   our   churches  should  become   English,   which   is,   of   course'   ve^   a 
ong  ways  o«,  the  educated  offspring  of  German  ancest  y  should '.divate 
he  language   of   science  and  philosophy.     But  above  all  hold   f  st   to   th 
German  love  of  educational  religion.     A  lady  once  said  to  a  clergy    al     ''1 

nlm  ZtZZ  T:'   "^^   '''  '''-'  "^^  ''-'''  -'-  religious   ■n.ru.ion 
"  Yon   li  r  '  ''"''   "'   discretion."     The  wise  friend  repbed- 

2      '   T  "T       '  ""'''  '''^''''  ''''  ^^'^'°'"^^  «^  y--  ^-I'ild  for  .ood    bit  the 
enen.y  of  souls  .s  ever  nundful  of  his  opportunities,  and  your  boy  wiU  hiv 
an  early  course  of  training  in  evU. "     When  son>e  o^e  said  to  C^leri'l"   th 

..."  i'^.Xr:;-;-;,;;:;:;-'::',-'  "'■  ■■"■•  -"  -  ■»■»■ 

1  s^"-'"-  "rtparaDle  loss  to  our  country  of  whnsp  crrf^nf 

"Es  kann  die  Spur  von  nieinen  Erdentageu 
Nicht  in  Aconen  untergeh'n." 


186 


THE   l'KN\  SYL  J  A  MA  CKHMAN. 


OMBSTONE 

INSCRIPTIONS 


Tfitsr  half  bfeii  -irnf  in  hi/  K.  M.  Es/itliiinn,  r,/  Wnxh- 
infitnu.  It  C.  T/iti/  are/ound  in  Jiaiarin  anil  other 
parts  of  Germany. 


A   sufferer's. 
"  Yetzt  liab  k-\\  cmllich  ausgelitieu  ; 
Hab  niit  meiner  Krankheit  viel  gestritten 
Bis  eine  trauervolle  >>'aeht 
Mir  endlich  bat  den  Tod  gebraoht. 
Es  ist  docli  cinnial  fest  gestellt 
Ein  jeder  musz  aiis  die^-er  Welt, 
Ist  er  anil  odcr  reicli 
Im  Grabc  sind  ^vir  alle  gloich. ' ' 

' '  Ich  lieg  im  Grab  und  bin  zugedeckt 
Kein  ^leiisoh  ist,  der  mich  auferweekt 
Als  der  liebe  Gott  am  jiingsten  Tag, 
Der  ■neeket  mioli  aus  nieiiiem  Sehlaf. " 

A  mother's. 
"^Jein  Teuerstes  auf  Erden 
Muss  hier  zuni  Staube  ■uerdeii. 
Die  flutter,  welohe  mich  gebahr, 
Die  Mutter,  die  mir  Alles  war. 
Das  liebe  Pfand.  das  sie  mir  gab, 
Ach,  all  mein  Gliick  deekt  dieses  Grab." 


A  TAILOR  's. 
Der  Kleider  vici  hat  er  geniai-ht 
Doch  kein  unsU  rbliches  vollbracht. 
Dazu  gehuit  ein  gri'iszrer  Mcister 
Der  kleiden  kann  nur  pure  Geister 
Mit  ev.ig  schunem  Eestgewand 
Im  anderu  bessern  Vaterland. 
Pen  Unter-nhied  er  ^viiszt  zn  sagen 
Weiiu  wir  .lin  kr,nnteii  dannn  frageii. 


TOMliSTOM-:  IS  SCRIPT  loss.  18/ 

A  BLACKSMITH  'S. 

"Soin  starker  Ann  hat  aus-uesdilageu 

Sein  scliWcrtT  llanmu'f  ruht   fiir  yetzt, 

Xielit  darf  er  Hitze  tp.elir  crtiageii 

Er  vinl  niit  Soliwrisz  iiielit  niehr  benctzt ; 

Kr  hiilt  mm  iiiimer  Fdertago 

Im  grnsson  Hans  des  Himmt'l's  Herrn; 

Er  keiint  iiicht  niehr  ilev  Weiktags  Plage, 

Es  louchtet  ibni  ein  shoiirer  ytern." 

A  DKINKER  'S. 

"Liesz  er  der  Laiine  sdiieszen  die  Ziigel 
Da  trank  er  wobl  an  zwaiizig  Kriigel; 
Doch  that  er  einiaahl  dreiszig  triukeu, 
Da  imisztc  tot  vdiii  S.uhl  tr  sinken.'' 

ANOTHER. 
"Ilier  ruht  Franz  Josef  Matt. 
Der  sich  zu  Tod  getrunkeu  bat; 
Ilerr.  gib  ihm  die  e'A  ige  Kuh 

t'nd  ein  CUiisle  Scbnajis  dazu."' 
* 

"Das  ist  cine  harte  Reisz 

Wenn  man  den  Weg  nicht  Weisz. 

So  frage  dii  drey  Heilige  Leuth 

Zeigen  dir  den  Weg  zur  Seligkeit." 
» 
"  Noch  sttht  auf  Erden  die  Hinunelsleiter 
Wo  ]\[enchea  eutsehlununern  zufrieden  und  belter; 
Kein  Haus  ist  zu  nieder,  ktine  Kanuner  zu  klein, 

Es  tliegtn  die  Engel  zuni  Fenster  hinein.  " 

* 
"leh  lebte  viele  Yahre  lang, 
Da  nabm  denn  alles  seinem  Gang. 
BaM  gut,  bald  st-hlinini,  doch  uienials  gleicb. 
Vol!  Aenderung  und  wet-bsi  Ireich 
Sind  unsere  Lebensjare. ' ' 

• 
"Ini  Grahe  nuiss  ioh  verwesen : 
Was  du  bist,  bin  ieh  geweseii. 
Was  icb  bin  ^Yirst  du  bald  werden; 
Lcbe   fromm  auf  dieser    Erden 

So  wirst  du  einst  selig  werden." 

• 
"Sinkt  iminerhiu  nieiu  Leib  in 's  Crab 

Gott  wird  niioh  neu  belt  ben; 
Der  Gott,  der  niir  das  Lebeu  gab, 

Wird  niir  's  einst  wieder  geben. 
Ich  fiirchte  die  Verwtsung  nirht. 
Denn  Gott  ist  nieine  Zu\  ersiilit. ' ' 


1«S  THE   PKSSSYiAAMA-GEEMAN.  ' 

CURIOUS  INSCRIPTIONS 

From  "Here    Lies." 
ON    A   GOLP-DIGGER. 

The  followiiij:^  is  taken  from  a  liead-board  at  a  jjrave  in  the  Sparta  Dig- 
gings, California;  and,  taking  tlie  orthography  into  consideration,  it  is  an 
unconscious  blending  of  the  serio-comic  with   the  would-be  sublime: 

In  memory  ov 

John  Smith,  whe  met 

•    wierlent  death  neer  tliis  sjiot 

IS  hundred  and  40  too.     He  was  shot 

by  his  own  pistill; 

It  was  not  one  of  the  kind, 

but  a  old  fashioned 

brass  barrel,  and  of  sui-h  is  the 

Kingdom  of  heaven. 

ON  r.OGEn   NORTON. 
Hero  lies,  alas!   poor  Koger  Norton, 
"Whose  sudden  death  was  oddly  brought  on! 

Trying  one  day  his  corns  to  mow  off,  ; 

The  razor  slij>ped  and  cut  his  toe  off!  ; 

The  toe,  or  rather  what  it  grew  to,  i 

An  inflammation  quickly  flew  to;        .  j 

The  part  then  took  to  moriifying,  '< 

"Which  was  the  cause  of  Kotrer 's  dvintr.  i 

f 

FROM    TOKRBURN    CHURCHYARD.  I 

In    this    churchyard    lies    Eppie    Coutts,  '  \ 

Either  here  or  hereabouts;  ^ 

But  where  it  is  none  can  ttll  ; 

Till  Eppie  rise  and  tell  hersel'.  ^' 

t 

ox  AN   EDITOR.  \ 

"Here  lies  an  Editor!  I 

Snooks,  if  you  w  ill ;  -  ■  ^ 

In  mercy.  Kind  Providence,  '  \ 

Let  him  lie  still!  I 

Ho  lied  for  his*  living:  so  ■  \ 

He  lived  while  he  lied:  \ 

When    he   could   not   lie  longer         ■  | 

He  lied  down  and  died."  \ 

\ 
IN  ELI.ON  CHURCH VAED.      '  ■   I 

Here  lies  my  wife  in  earthly  mould,  I 

Who,  when  she  liv 'd  did  na\ight  but  scold;  1 

Peace,  wake  her  not.  f.)r  now  she's  siill.  ; 

She  had,  but  now  I  have  mv  wi'l.  ', 


q 


bet:  EWIGK  JAKGEK.  "      .     .     ^gg 

"DER  EWIGE  JAEGER"  (The  Eternal  Hunter) 

A  Pennsylvania  German  Legend  of  Lancaster  County 
I'.AhS  nj;o,  ^vJ,e^  ;ill  this  land  was  cvorol  nitl,  .1pn..>    ,  i   . 

n„<l   fi,.T  ^,1  ,  ^'ita  wuii  don.sc,  ol,,oniv  toi-psts, 

-       7\  r,"""  r"''^'  '"  •"'^""   ^'•'^•■'''""-  '>"••  ^'™'  an...st<,rs 

at  least  ot  those  who  can  boast  so  ,,roiM  ui  l,„nnr    .v..,- .  i        •  .^ 

melanc-holv  "  heim-'veh  "  for  th  .  "v   .     i      i    V,  '  '^^'"  l<-'»Sing  ^ith 

or    nuae    l.-an.    hungry    l„nui.ls    of    inoni^rd    hi,.o,l    -.n,!    .lm,^ff  i 
whined  and  .outorted  thoif  .naetated  holies    vd    i, i       ,    ^       "     '"'"'"'' 
snatch  an,  nun-.l  wht.-h  n.„h.  escape  the.-  ' ^.l::!::-? Zj^l^'^  ^' 
ihdst  say;  Jacob,  twelve  miles  to  tin-  hour'"  in,nn,-..i  '.  ■  ' 

p„^„.  „e.w..,.„,  .,,„..i.g  „„  ..„„„,  „„;:„, ;,:;:;"  ;:::;,:';;::; 

caie  anj  grav.ly  som^  s;ray  drops  f,m„  his  l,.,,r,|..d  n,,  '  ^ 

••i?.!m';!'"ir'''  °"',  '"'■"''■  ""■  '""""■'"  """-'•  ■•»-!  ...ore  if  neoj  l..." 

"Aye,   aye,   so   would   l!"_'-and   I"-".,n,l    T    +,..-»  ^    .    - 

pan  0   J^r  nd^S^    ;      "    "'^"T  """"'  ^^"'^  ^•■•"' "^  f*-^--'  -l>i'e  his  com- 
h!n     hv  "'''"■"'"'  "'■  -^i^^n'proval   iu  nunor  velps,  caused  per- 

ing  he  .      Id      ll      ■     ''V";       ■'■    '  '^  ^""  -^'"^^"■'1-"  -  five  days,  or  fail-. 

J.n.nd:'::;tb;::;:-;;r:L,::r;rr 

•ordered  his  hunter  to  be  bnnud.t  round    .•,     -     '  ^  "       ''"'"■'  '"'' 

hl^  J,...,  11-  7  ^-^uapc,  DIN  t\tN  iMiely  t  scaped  popiiin^  from 

I'.     -.11.. I.    I..II    ,„.,,o,...    ■,„.„    ,-t„h.,-    like.    ,.,.,s,;„K.,».    „|,iio    Lis    l,„.o    l,„,^o„ 


190  77/ /i  rt:\.\syij  ama-<;ki;mjs. 

kiice-luirkh  s  rcnilrri^d  a  i-liccit'ul  allrgrt'tto.  Anil  so  lio  wihvly  ehose  to  re- 
main silent.  ytnii;^'liiii^  t'reo  from  restrairiinf^  friends,  Brewster  staggered 
to  liorse  aii<l  vanislieil  from  tlieir  si^lit  like  a  eomet,  the  entire  pack  trailin*^' 
after  in  full  cry. 

Sobereil  ]>y  this  une.\|ierte(l  terniinatinn,  his  c'i)in]ianioiis  stood  pctrlfu'il, 
gaziug  down  the  valley  through  whitii  he  had  just  <lisapiieared.  Already  the 
gathering  of  twilight  sliroiided  the  \ailey  in  gloom.  As  they  stood  thus 
momentarily  traiisfixeil  tlie  faint  distant  baying  of  hounds  and  ihe  melan- 
choly tooting  of  a  hunter's  horn  \\as  ^vafted  through  the  vesper  stillness  of 
that  peaceful  vale  to  Iheir  straining  t>ars  like  messengers  of  hope  and  peace. 
But  to  thtir  troulded  and  anxious  hearts  seeme<l  like  messengers  of  ghostly 
omen,  as  the  last  lingering  sunbeam  faded  from  the  forest-clad  summit  of 
"Mill  Bach  Kopje,''  they  turned  wi.h  strange  misgivings  and  forebodings 
into  the  cozy  ''traveler's  room''  of  the  little  German  inn. 

Three  days  Jacol)  Brewster  continued  to  the  northeast  utiinterrup.ed  by 
man  or  beast,  Init  then  his  good  fortune  forsook  him.  Kitln  r  Ins  trail  was 
run  acToss  by  a  band  of  hostile  Indians  or  tlie  l)aying  of  his  li(iun<ls  aitracred 
their  unwelcome  attention,  but  that  he  was  being  pursued  was  certain.  The 
hounds  began  to  show  symptoms  of  uneasiness,  yelping  anxiously  and  keep- 
ing close  about  their  master.  8oon  he  de.ected  tlie  reason  for  their 
anxietv.  Barely  had  he  time  to  seize  his  musket  and  prepare  for  coming 
danger,  Vjefore  the  ilread  war-whoop  jderced  the  forest,  a  few  sharp  shots 
rang  out,  and  Jacob  Brtwster  bit  tlie  dust,  his  horse  falling  upon  him.  both 
mortally  ^vol^lded,  his  hounds  fought  savagely  in  protection  of  their  mas- 
ter till  the  last  brave  liound  sank  bleeding  from  a  score  of  wounds  a  victim 
to   fidelity. 

To  this  day  — so  runs  the  legend  as  told  me  by  my  grandmother, — Jacob 
Brewster  hunts  unceasingly.  And  if  you  were  born  on  Christmas  night  yon 
can  still  occasionally  see  his  spirit  riding  gallantly  among  his  ghostly  pack. 
Often  during  the  long  summer  twilights  the  baying  of  hounds  and  a  mellow 
hunting  horn  would  qitiver  through  the  inigh.y  silence  with  a  far-otf  plaintive 
wierdness,  sometimes  overhea<l  or  hovtring  toward  the  northeast.  And  the 
good  housewives  of  the  rude,  good-natured  farmers  would  shake  their  heads 
knowingly  and  ejaculate  ' '  Der  ewige  Jaeger,"  iji  such  awesome,  blood- 
curdling tones  as  to  cause  poor  chihlren  to  \\ell  nigh  shrivel  up  with  fear 
and  terror.  And  through  the  long  winter  evenings  Grandma  would  set  the 
light  to  the  window,  and  sitting  knitting  warm  wocden  mittens  for  our 
chubby  fists,  tell  us  the  legend  of  "the  e'.ernal  hunter.'' 

Lulletl  to  drowsy  semiconsciousni  ss  by  die  genial  warmth  and  the  droning 
of  the  tea  kettle,  our  dreams,  if  such  they  were,  strangely  blended  realities 
and  the  strange  legend.  Suddenly  strange  forms  tlitted  and  shifteil  indis- 
tinctly upon  the  ice  of  the  Hammer  ('reek,  gra<hially  they  assumed  distinct 
form,  and  before  us  sat  a  tall,  erect  man  upon  a  high-shouldered  hunter,  his 
body  ■was  mut!led  to  the  huge  sparkling  knee-buckles  of  his  Knickerbockers 
by  a  dark  hunting  cloak,  his  hat  was  tall  and  peaked,  and  his  long  gray  beard 
flowed  down  o\er  his  cidonial  riitf.  In  liis  left  haml  he  waved  his  silver  bugle 
till  it  llashe<l  like  a  ilazzling  meteor  tiirtnigh  the  frostv  moonlit  air,  and  tlie 


GEXEJLO GJCAL  Ql  ERY 


191 


^oun,ls  nu.^a  ,la,k  ,nasse.  sUhouett...!  against  the  uhite  expanse  of  iee  aa,l 
feiiuu,  tnit  they  east  no  shaihsw. 

The  tea  k.tU..  ,lrone,l  on  unl,ee.le,|.  the  rn..kin<,  .hair  .-reake,!  no  nn.re 
for  us,  but  .nstea,!  .uhdue.,,  ghostly  wh.sp.nn.s,  nn.tll..,!  ,.v  in.vasi  .J  , " 
conse^ousness,  ..a.-h-,!  ..„■  listh.s  ears,  a  .iou,!  su,,,t  ov..r',he  fa.-e  o:  th. 
m  on  a.ul  .Ht..  us  shadowy  boson,  .he  •  >  Htenu.l  liunte."  an.l  all  h.s  spee- 
ral  p...k  fa.le.l  away,  vanishe.l  fro,,,  ou,  :nental  v.s.oa  and  we  slept  the 
sleep  Of  the  .nno.-en-.  undisturhe-l  l,y  the  visions  of  the  Eternal  Hun.^. 


\V.  Wls.sler  Hackmax 
^     ^     A 


A 


GENEALOGICAL  QUERY 

By  Mrs.  Katharine  L.  Dorsey,  14  15  Central  Ave.,  Indianapolis,  Ind 
NTHOXY  LEintAX  served  as  a  prnare  sold.er  in  Capt.un  Peter 
Deehert  s  company,  of  heading.  This  company  was  a  part  of  the 
^aw  of  Crl\  "'"^^'^:""^'  ^^"«''^'"-  <-0'mnanded  by  Colonel  Rober.  Ma- 
gau  of  Carhsle;  participated  in  the  movement,  of  General  Washington's 
army  nr  and  around  Xeu  York;  under  General  Israel  Putnam  ass iste  .n 
U^  construction  ot:  Port   Washington,  which  was  mf.sted  and  .:^1^ 

^'rz^rr^^:  ";th.^"rr  -' ''"'  -  ^---^^  - 
in  .ate  .rchiv.  It  ts  :;ip;:;:^;i  i^tx.;  :n:  -  b;;;-n-;: 

prlt^"'  "    ""'"^'"  ^^"^""''^   '^-  '^-^y  ^^^'^  '^^  --t  gnuefully  a^:- 

i'hilip,  son  of  Anthonv  in,1  r    i 

of  o„e  Daniel  Wu„,,er,°4       '  ^~"  ""'  """"'"'  '^■="'"'"°"'  ''""«"-■ 

Brothers.  '  '  '"  '  ^'""''  September  26,  I7J3,  in  tl,c  slnp 

a  daugiiter  ;;  a   ),::;n  d  .'h    rTn     "';'^^'f  ""^  "'^"'^"^  ^'"^'^  I^""- 
..an,ldauyhlei  of  Daniel  and  Eva  Barbara  Wunderlich.' 


BOOK 


m 
i-^. 


NOTICES 


Sketch  of  Dr.  Henry     ^^^''  ^^'''-  '^^^'"^  StunjP,  A.M,  of  York,  has  publish 


Melchior  Muhlenberg. 


etl  a  most  excellent  biographical  brochure  on  the  life 


of  the  patriarch  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in  America. 
Brief  though  the  treatise  be,  it  is  a  question  T\hethir  a  more  clear,  correct 
and  comprehensive  sketch  has  yet  bccu  i.roduced  of  this  illustrious  Lutheran 
pioneer.  Its  introduction  has  some  reference  to  York  county,  where  this 
essay  was  first  read,  before  a  Lutheran  Conference.  It  is  well  worth  read- 
ing by  any  one. 

History  of  ^^^'  '^^^^^  •^-  ^""ser  has  revised  and  improved  his  pam- 

Lehigh  County      ''''"'''^   history   of  Lehigh   County,   Pa.,   already  noticed   in 
these  columns.     It  is  for  sale  by  the  author,  1.3G  S.  Law 
street,  Allentowu,  Pa.,  at  50  cents  a  copy,  or  60  cents  postage  prepaid. 

Gemaelde  aus  dem  ,V'n  ^"T"'   '''^"  ''    '''"'    '^"'   ^'''   ^-   -^• 

Pennsylvanischen  Volksleben.    ^^  ^^  ^^^^^^  f'   '/^^'^  Alte  vom   Berg,"  gave 

to  his  collection  of  historical,  descriptive, 
poetical,  humorous  and  folklore  sketches  in  Pennsylvania-German  (German 
alphabet),  published  by  Schaeffer  iL-  Kora.U  in  Philadelphia  as  long  ago  as 
1SG9.  It  has  had  a  wide  sale,  but  the  ufw  interest  awakened  in  this  class  of 
literature  by  this  magazine  and  the  publieations  and  doings  of  the  Pennsvl- 
vania-German  Society  will  give  books  like  this  a  new  demand.  Small  quarto, 
pp.  143,  50  cents. 

Practical  Medical  and  Surgical    ^^''''  ''  '^^  ^^'^'  °^  ^'  ^'''^"•^-^"  "^'^'^^"-^^  S""'^'- 

Family  Guide  in  Emergencies.      '"'''^'''  """^  ^^""''"^  ^^  *'"'*  ^^''^"^^  ^y  ^^  o^^'" 

tune  family  physician.  Dr.  W.  P.   Kister. 

He  was  then  (twenty-five  years  ago),  a  country  practitioner  residing  at 
Schnecksville.  Pa.  Ilis  practice  was  the  ordinary  rural  kind  in  bulk  and 
success.  Ho  has  since  found  his  way  to  AUentown,  and  attuned  himself  to 
the  boom  of  that  remarkably  growing  city.  His  jiractice  is  immense,  re- 
quiring nine  horses  and  footing  up  a  total  earning  of  $25,000  annually  for 
self  and  son,  Eugene,  an  eye,  ear,  nose  and  throat  specialist,  and  a  graduate 
of  one  of  the  best  medical  schools  of  the  land.  The  book  will  doubtless  do 
much  good  and  by  those  who  use  it  intelligently,  will  soon  pay  its  cost  in 
saving  more  expensive  forms  of  medical  advice  and  help.  We  congratulate 
our  old  friend  upon  the  achievement  of  such  signal  success. 

Maternity.  ^'-  ^''^'  ^"'""^  ^-  '^-  ^^^'''^'-  ^f-^'-  '^'"f''-  -J'^  oents  net.  Vir 
Publishing  Co.,  I'hiladelphia.  Pa.  The  author,  herself  a  wife 
and  mother  and  {.rnc; icing  pliysician  of  large. experience,  has  furnished  in 
this  little  volume  a  most  valuable  guide  and  handbook  to  the  large  class  of 
women  who  nc.>d  that  varied  and  helpful  information  which  allays  anxietv 
when  approaching  maternity  and  which  delivers  fruu  peril  in  that  critical 
period.  This  book,  in  plainness  and  jniri'y  of  diction  is  properly  associated 
with  the  now  famous  F  irity  lionks  in  ili,>  S.-If  and  S.'x  S<.ries."  written  by 
Sylvaniis  Stall.  D.H.,  ;iih1  published  nv  tli.^ 
1'j2 


'■'  same  (.■unqiany. 


^  Superior  School,  Idtally  Located 

KEYSTGflE  STATE  N9HMAL  SCHOOL 

KUTZTOWS.  PA. 

Some  AdvantaQes:  Elevated  Site, 
Beautiful  Knvironnaeat,  Excellent 
Sanitation,  Commodious  Buildings, 
Steam  Heating,  Electric  Lighting, 
Comfortable  Dormitories,  Expensive 
I^ibraries,  Experienced  leachers, 
Thorough  luitruction,  Moderate  Cost, 
Telegraph  and  Telephone  Connec- 
tions, Steam  and  Trolly  Railroad 
Service.  Prepares  young  men  and 
women  for  teaching,  business  and 
college. 

Free  Tuition  to  students  over  17 
years  of  age  who  declare  their  inten- 
tion to  teach,  two  years  in  Pennsylva- 
nia Public  Schools. 

For  full  dgscripiite  caialog  and  other 
literature ,  write  to  the  Principal, 

A.  C.  ROTHERMEL,  A.  M. 


T    ROUTE    FOR    ALL.    POINTS    01 

PennsylPt^nla  Railroad. 


DIRECT    ROUTE    FOR    ALL    POINTS    ON    Ti-IE 


Time  Tab'.e  in  efftcl  iiay  27,  1301. 


A  M 


2  35110 

2  4o;ii:i 

2  -IgliO 

2  4>;io 

2  5S|J0 

6  0-:  ... 
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TSU 

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8  .iol  ■} 
S  OS  a 
P  M  1  P 


A  M  Leave  Arrive 
6  00...  Lebanon  ... 
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B  20  ..Mt.  Gretna.. 
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6  30 Lawn 

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ti  '!■")  ...Con'Jwae'o..i 
3  10...Coljmbia... 

7  ^-j.-HarrLsbdr-.;.. 
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10  31, York 

12  10. ..Baltimore.. 

1  15  Wft^lUDSton  . 
.">  ■^O...Pittsb;irg.... 

S  3!' Carlisle..  .. 

9  ScsCharnbersb'g 
7  3o  ..Lancaster.. 
0  3:  Phi;.ai!e;i!::a. 

11  11  Trenton.. V.J 
11  S3. .New  York. 
AM  Arrive  Leave 


AM     e  u 

8  0-5  12  55 
7  54 12  44 

7  4512  ar, 

7  39  12  29 
7  R.>12  2.5 
7  3012  20' 
7  22 12  12 

10  20 

7  00  U  45 
2  25  S  30 
S  30 ' 

1  4!il0  2S 
11  orj,  .S  .50 

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AM     AM 


P  M     P  M 

4  3.3  S  3B 
1  22  S  2.;. 
4  13  8  le 
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1  u5  5  00 

2  25  7  15 
12  25  5  !0 

11  11 4  25 
9  .■)  J,3  ^i 
AH  i  PM 


Tickets  for  all  western  points.    Baggage  checkec! 

through. 

Trip  mileage  tickets  soM  at  all  stations  to  persons 
holdiug  PfTiTisylvjinia  R.  R.  mlieajie  books. 

lor  farther  ii.forniaticn  sti>  cLrj  uaie  tubles  at  all 
officea  of  tbio  and  the  Peunsyl-x  ar '.a  Pwallroad  Co. 
A.  D.  Smjth.  Gen.  siipt. 


Srii.>  J  '.'dt^J^^v.i'^r  A^ 


\:^Ji  .c;  fc>: 


Wrifa  writiug  no  advertiiers  p'ease  mention  The  P'bnnsylvama-Ger.man. 


Fkon'tispiece 
Editoeiax. 


.      .     Prof.  Cliarles  Rudy,  D.D. 

193,194 

Famous  Pennsylvania-Germans     .      .      .       195 

Poetic  Gems 208 

An  der  Fair.    Die  Neie  Sort  Dschent  'Ueit. 
"Wie  Mer  Glee  Ware. 
Waechterruf. 
Drauss  un  Deheem. 

Historic    PacRi mages 

A   Town   and   County   of    the   Olden 
Time — Histo^il^  York,  Penn'a. 
Last  Will  of  CHaisTOPHER  Stum?  .     .     . 

Genealogy    

Pennsylva:sia-Germa.n  Heroes  Buried  in 
New  York  Trinity  Churchyard  .     .     . 

Book  Notices 

Literary  Notes 


215 


229 
233 

235 

238 
240 


'^f^ 


J^v.*;; 


ij 


\ 


\ 


1 

V 

':#:B.0 

i 


^y^' 


■■^^.'^j 


PROF.  CHARLES   RUDY,    Ph.D. 

From  a  photo  taken  in   Paris,  France. 


.TH1£. 


Pennsylvania- German 


REV.    P.    C.    CKOI.L,    A.M. 

Fdii.ir  aij.l  Pul.Unh-r 


HERBRRT    fi.    C'ROLI, 


Ttrmf:  fl.n'i  ju  r   tjt 


Vol.   IV 


LEBANON,    I'A.,  JANUARY,    1903 


No.    1 


(Kqi-,---.!  :it  tlie  l".,-t-otti,f;  at  I.. 


A  WORD  ABOUT  ADVERTISING. 


^AllIS  magazine  is  clad  in  beautifully  colored  robes.  Its 
ci-iveia  come  in  [vlaiu  tints  when  we  get  them.  We  like 
to  sprinkle  them  with  primer's  ink — sometimes  in  two 
colors.  We  devote  them  r.ot  to  hi>t(>ry  or  pi:;etr}' — Imt  to  busi- 
ness. We  place  them  at  the  disposal  of  our  friends,  wlio  have 
legitimate  goods  for  sale,  or  plv  an  h!'»ni>rable  business.  We 
have  Ijut  three  pages  to  otter  an  J  can  [tromise  r.o  mure  at  i)rescnt. 
This  magazine  is  not  running  an  acKertisii-.g  me(lium,  with  a  little 
reading  matter  thrust  in — yo  per  cent,  of  aihertising  and  lo  per 
cent,  of  reading  matter.  It  is  like  the  postman — it  has  messages 
to  carry,  but  while  making  its  route  (city  and  rural  delivery)  it 
can  carr}'  a  few  bundles  just  as  well — fur  a  small  reveinie.  -Hence 
three  pages  of  cover  are  devoted  to  advertising. 

Does  advertising  pay?  That  depends.  Does  advertising  in 
Thk  FENXsvL\AXiA-GiiR.\tAX  pay?  We  carried  one  ad.  on 
commission  fur  some  time.  Don't  know  how  the  advertiser  fared. 
We  have  never  received  anything.  It  did  not  pay  us.  I  know. 
hi>wever.  it  has  paid  others.  If  you  have  g^Mjd  ware,  and  the 
kind  our  readers  want  and  need,  you  will  fuul  it  tc>  pa^".  (Jne 
advertiser  offered  a  fine  quality  of  l)uilding  stone.  In  two  weeks 
after,  he  wrote  me,  he  had  secureil  a  ctistomer  fur  stone  to  build 
a  double  house.  The  purchaser  said  he  saw  the  ad.  in  The 
Pexxnsvlvaxia-Gkk.m.xx.  An  engraving  firm  placed  an  ad.,  and 
besides  doing  considerable  work  for  u>.  we  kinnv  an  order  of  over 
Sjo.oo  was  placed  b_\'  one  friend,  who  askedi  us  in  place  it;  and 


.194  THE   FJ:\  .\  SVLl'  AM  AGi:i!M  AX. 

another  one  we  assured  work  done  here  was  all  O.  K.  1  he 
Grand  \ie\v  Sanitoriuin,  of  \\'erner>ville,  i'a.,  has  just  engaged 
full-page  space  for  the  fourth  year.  This  Great  Health  Resort 
has  been  well  tilled  with  guests  for  all  these  years,  often  over- 
crowded in  summer  seasons.  It  formerly  did  n<>t  turn  .guests 
away,  as  it  had  to  do  latterly.  We  hope  the  magazine  has  not 
produced  wholesale  sickness — nervous  prostrations  and  the  like, 
to  account  for  this  rush  to  this  time-honored  health  institution. 
It  has,  however,  helped  to  make  known  its  great  merits.  And 
once  known  and  tasted,  the  institution  did  the  rest.  Its  magnifi- 
cent location,  its  superb  management,  its  perfect  equipment,  the 
great,  unspeakable  natural  beauty  of  its  nearer  surroundings,  and 
its  more  extensive  scenery  are  such,  in  winter  as  well  as  in  summer, 
that  a  man  does  not  need  to  be  sick  to  wish  to  go  thither.  All 
who  have  once  been  there  will  often  be  sick  to  get  back.  The 
editor  gets  this  spell  several  times  a  }ear.  We  love  to  make  its 
merits  known,  because  they  are  such  that  sick  and  well  will  always 
remember  us  gratefully  for  the  favor  of  a  personal  introduction. 

Does  it  pay  to  advertise?  You  can  guess.  It  paid  some.  Ad- 
vertising is  like  fishing.  You  know  there  are  tlsh  and  that  one 
must  bait  his  htxjk  and  cast  his  line  and  wait  for  a  nibble.  Xoth- 
ing  ventured,  nothing  caught.  I'ennsylvania  (lermandom  is  a 
promising  stream  for  the  right  kind  of  l>ait.  Will  you  sit  down 
on  its  banks  and  trv  \our  luck? 


aND  so  we'll  have  another  Pennsylvania-German  Governor 
of  the  Keystone  State.  Why  not,  when  four-fifths  of 
her  people  have  this  blood  in  their  veins,  either  pure  or 
with  some  foreign  admixture?  We  also  will  have  legislators, 
judges  and  county  otiticers  of  this  stock  galore.  The  Pexxsyl- 
v.\Nr.v-Gi-:R.\[AX  congratulates  all  its  readers,  who  have  been  hon- 
orably elevated  by  the  late  election  to  places  of  trust,  honor  and 
public  service,  as  the  choice  of  their  fellow  citizens.  Success,  a 
clean  record  and  long  life! 


Tin-:  red-colored  insert  calls  }'Our  attention  to  a  special  matter. 
It  will  help  }(iu  and  us  to  have  you  give  this  attention  promptly. 


PROF.    CHARLES    RUDY,   Ph.D. 

REAURKAHLE    CAREER    OF  A   PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN    IN    PARIS 
BY    THE    EDITOR. 

IN  1S93  a  cablegram  from  Paris  annuunccd  to  the  world  the 
death  in  that  city,  on  June  1st,  of  a  man,  whose  remarkable 
career  and  brilliant  success  in  the  held  of  education  in\ests 
the  story  of  his  life  with  intense  interest.  Althoug-h  having  been 
a  resident  abroad  for  more  than  thirty  years,  the  fact  that  he  was 
a  born  American,  who  never  renounced  his  citizenship,  should  add 
for  the  American  reader  a  new  charm  to  the  recital  of  his  life's 
struggles  and  successes.  And  while  the  results  of  his  marvelous 
achievements  are  known  to  the  world  at  large,  and  his  intluence 
and  the  benehts  of  his  labors  have  become  international,  }et  that 
class  of  worthy  and  honorable  Americans,  known  as  the  Penn- 
sylvania-(,lermans — among  whom  he  had  his  humble  origin— may 
pride  themselves  especially  upon  the  distinguished  pronnnence 
that  has  come  to  one  of  their  number  and  shall  boastfully  claim 
him  as  one  of  their  own.  We  refer  to  the  late  celebrated  Prof. 
Charles  Rudy,  Ph.D.,  Founder  and  President  of  the  ■"Interna- 
tional Institute"  of  Paris,  a  school  whose  reputation  has  filled  all 
of  Europe,  and  whose  students  have  been  scattered  to,  if  not 
attracted  from,  all  the  ends  of  the  earth.  His  career  is  a  won- 
derful exemplification  of  the  success  that  is  apt  to  crown  pluck 
and  perseverance  in  an}-  calling,  and  the  signal  honor  that  has,  in 
his  case,  rewarded  a  life  of  very  humble  l)eginnings.  makes  his 
biography  more  interesting  than  a  story — a  verification  that  "truth 
is  stranger  than  fiction." 

The  writer  well  remembers  as  a  boy  this  future  illustrious 
foreign  professor,  then  a  youth  in  this  country,  who  as  a  common 
school  teacher  frequently  visited  our  parental  abode,  a  bosom 
companion  of  an  older  l)rothcr.  Our  own  youth  was  spent  amid 
the  scenes  and  associations  in  which  Mr.  Rudy  spent  his  earlier 
years,  among  whose  relatives — some   still   living* — we  were   for 

"His  <iii I V  living;  hrottifr.  Isrufl  llinlv,  is  at  j)ri--i  nt  pri'prii-tor  of  uno  i.f  the  luilt-ls  at  :5la!in^- 
toii,  Pa. 


390 


THE   P  i:  S  S  SY  lA'  A  S I  AG  E  RM  AS 


M'ars  most  intiniatcl}'  cnnnc-clcd  in  duinc;  sch(inl  and  church  work, 
it  affords  us  pleasure,  therefore,  to  hrietly  sketch  the  Hfe  of  one 
to  wh.oni  has  come  such  great  honor  and  success. 

About  seventy-five  years  ago  Durs  Jvud}',  a  native  of  Switzer- 
lan(k  immigrated  to  this  country  and  settled  in  the  northern  por- 
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i^e:".i«ia 

THE    RUDY   HOMESTEAD   IN   WASHINGTON    TOWNSHIP.    LEHIGH   CO.,    PA, 
Showing  members  of  Rudy  family,   during  one   of   the   Professor'3  visits  to  America. 


the  present  city  of  Allentown,  near  the  foot-hills  of  the  lUue  Moun- 
tains, at  a  rural  cross-roads,  he  huilt  a  small  store  and  hotel  aiul 
began  doing  business.  Iia\-ing  previoush-  married  a  plain,  Ticr- 
nian  farmer's  daughter  of  this  communit}-.  he  here  reared  a  family 
of  children  of  whom  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  the  youngest 
born.  The  elder  Rutly  s(K)n  succce.led  in  building  up  a  successful 
business,  his  uprightness  winning  for  him  confidence,  and  his 
shrewd  business  Ciualitics  gaining  for  him  influence  and  a  small 
competency.  Although  the  [ilace  has  se\eral  times  changed  hands 
since.  }'et  the  original  owner's  name  is  still  frequcntl}-  associated 
with  it,  as  one  is  wc^nt  in  this  vicinity  to  hear  it  s[)oken  of  as 
■•Rudv's  Ol  1  S'.and." 


PROFKSSOJ;  ciiAi:f.i:.s  UVDY.  U>7 

Here  L'harles.  burn  in  1837,  cj^rew  up  to  young  manliood.  Here 
he  first  fouiul  auj^'^ht  to  uecupy  his  ever  aetive  brain.  bVom  henee 
he  was  earried  as  a  babe  in  his  parents'  arms  to  the  nearest  chiircli 
— the  union  chureh  of  Xeffsville — to  reeeive  the  rite  of  Chris- 
tian baptism,  administered  by  the  late  Rev.  Joseph  S.  Dubljs,  the 
German  Reformed  pastor.  In  this  church  the  father  had  bten 
organist  and  chorister  for  years,  and  here  young-  Chai'les  was  in 
due  time  ciinfirmed  as  a  member  of  the  Hock.  In  a  beautiful  ad- 
joining graveyard  now  sleep  both  his  honored  parents,  and  thither. 
side  by  side,  the  great  Reaper  is  gathering  year  by  year  the  re- 
maining members  of  tliis  family  circle. 

Charles,  having  been  a  bright  and  unusually  wide-awake  boy, 
early  found  his  environments  too  narrow.  Having  exhausted  the 
meagre  school  advantages  of  his  vicinity,  his  father  gratified  liis 
longing  for  boarding-school  life  by  sending  him  to  an  academy 
up  the  Hudson.  Here  lie  ]nirsued  the  study  of  the  common  Eng- 
lish branches  and  Latin,  when  early  in  his  course  he  was  sum- 
moned back  by  the  serious  illness  of  his  father,  wdiose  subse- 
quent death  rudel}-  upset  his  plans.  Although  his  education  was 
but  begun,  and  he  a  luere  stripling  yet,  at  the  earnest  solicitation 
of  his  friends,  he  undertook  to  teach  a  subscription  schojl,  the 
btiilding  for  which  had  just  Ijeen  comi)leted,  erected  from  free- 
will contributions  solicited  by  his  relatives  and  j^atrons.  This 
school  he  called  the  ""Schnecksville  Acadenu',"  a  rather  big  name 
with  which  to  designate  a  room  thirty  by  forty  feet  in  dimensions, 
or  characterize  a  band  of  abotit  three  dozen  village  school  chil- 
dren. But  this  name  was  even  to  play  a  bigger  part  }et  in  t!ie 
future  role  of  this  plucky  young  teacher. 

Under  his  enthusiastic  guidance  this  new  "Academy"  at  once 
began  to  flourish.  Xew  life  pervaded  the  scholars.  Young  Rudy 
was  ventures(.^me.  Constant  departures  from  the  old  routine  i>f 
teaching  were  made.  His  pupils  caught  the  inspiration  and 
studied  with  fresh  and  purer  incentives.  The  room  fdled  up 
with  scholars,  and  when  the  first  term  closed  it  was  punctuated 
with  a  successful  exhibition  of  the  work  that  had  been  done.  <  )n 
this  occasion  the  room  was  crowded  with  visitors  and  patrons, 
the  day  was  spent  in  the  recital  of  declamations,  the  singing  of 
songs,  and  a  thorough  examination  in  all  the  branches  of  stud}'. 
The  past(>r  was  present,  upon  special  reipiest,  to  make  an  address. 


19S  Tin:  J'KXXSYLVJXIA-GKnMAX. 

1  he  \illage  doctor  niaJc  conipliincntary  rennirks,  and  the  teaclier 
himself  made  a  speech  to  the  parents  and  friends  of  the  schooL 
It  was  the  first  jnibhc  school  exhibition  in  all  those  parts,  and  it 
may  well  be  imagined  that  it  gave  the  school  and  its  young  teacher 
a  fair  name.  Tlie  same  was  repeated  for  several  terms,  and 
young  Ru  ly  soon  became  the  peer  of  any  teacher  in  tiic  county. 

Ijut  the  success  of  his  first  endeavor  onl}-  made  the  young 
aspirant  long  for  a  wider  field.  Within  the  narrow  confines  of 
his  school-room  lie  dreamed  of  far-off  lands.  Lured  by  his  own 
fancy  and  beckonetl  by  the  urgent  invitation  of  a  young  friend, 
whose  acquaintance  he  had  formed  in  the  Hudson  academy,  he 
consents,  and  these  two  companions,  scarcely  out  of  their  teens, 
sailed  for  foreign  ports,  bent  on  seeing  the  world.  The  plan  was 
to  see  the  countries  of  Europe,  much  after  the  fashion  of  I'a}-ard 
Taylor,  b}-  traveling  afoot.  Having  so  passed  through  England 
and  Scotland,  they  went  to  Spain.  Hut  here  that  niN'Sterious 
Hand,  which  often  dashes  down  our  fondest  hopes  and  guides 
our  feet  into  ways  we  knew  not  and  dreamt  not  of,  was  laid  upon 
the  young  wanderers.  The  friend's  health  began  to  fail.  He 
sank  rapidly.  They  hastened  together  to  the  isle  of  Madeira, 
where  he  soon  died,  leaving  Rudy  friendless  and  almost  penniless 
in  a  land  of  strangers,  for  he  had  almost  simultaneously  with  his 
friend's  death  been  rol)bed  of  what  little  cash  he  had.  It  was  a 
crucial  test  of  his  courage  and  came  nigh  crushing  him.  But 
summoning  all  his  bravery,  the  young  adventurer  philosophically 
met  the  problem  th.at  confronted  him.  He  soon  found  a  solution. 
His  jilans  must  be  changed  so  as  to  make  his  hitherto  aimless 
travels  serve  a  fixed  purpose.  He  must  do  something  that  will 
bring  him  an  income.  The  l)e3t  place  for  this,  he  concludes,  is 
some  large  city.  So  he  started  out  for  Erance  and  its  beautiful 
capital.  In  due  time  he  reached  Paris,  without  knowing  a  soul 
in  all  that  vast  city,  nor  the  language  of  its  people.  \\'hat  little 
Latin  he  knew  hel[)ed  him  some,  but  his  distress  for  a  little  while 
was  almost  overwhelming.  Einally  he  found  employment  in  a 
restaurant,  where  he  was  ciuick  in  catching  the  language  and 
manners  of  the  people.  One  day  it  was  his  fortune  to  come  in 
contact  with  an  elderly  gentleman  of  some  culture,  to  whom  he 
made  known  his  distress  in  the  best  Latin  and  Erench  he  then 
knew,  whose  bene\ok'nt  lieart  responded  by  giving  Rud}'  a  letter 


riWFKSSOi:  fllAULKS  KIDY.  199 

of  iiUruductioii  to  a  }ouiig  lady  teacher  of  Gernnn  cniijloyed  in  a 
rich  and  influential  family  of  his  acquaintance.  From  this  cir- 
cumstance dates  the  turning-puint  in  Rudy's  life.  The  cultured 
German  teacher  secured  him  a  few  puinls  in  Iinglish,  while  her 
society  enabled  him  to  carr\-  on  conversation  in  his  vernacular  as 
well  as  to  hear  the  purest  h^rench.  Besides  he  had  found  some- 
thing to  do  that  was  cmigenial  to  his  tastes.  His  drooping  spirits, 
therefore,  soon  revived.  His  former  enthusiasm  came  back  to 
him.  He  strove  to  equip  himself  for  the  best  work,  and  thus 
began  to  push  hiiuself  onward.  Accordingly  he  applied  himself 
assiduously  to  master  the  I'^rench  tongue.  Through  Fraulein 
Notzen,  the  German  teacher,  and  his  own  ctTorts,  the  circle  of  his 
acquaintance  gra<lually  widened  and  the  numljer  of  his  pupils  con- 
stantly increased. 

A* pet  idea  that  had  l()ng  l)een  vagtiely  l\ing  in  his  brain  now 
began  to  form  itself  into  something  of  a  dehnite  shaiie.  The 
plan  was  to  associate  with  himself  a  few  other  teachers  of  different 
nationality  and  form  an  alliance  of  professors  to  furnish  linguistic 
instruction.  But  many  months  of  hardship,  stud}'  an  1  sjlf-denial 
must  yet  be  gone  through  before  his  fondest  ambition  could  be 
realized.  By  and  by.  however,  he  began  to  see  his  way  clear  to 
venture  upon  his  cherished  plan.  He  had  now  taken  a  course  of 
study  in  the  College  de  France,  had  become  acquainted  with 
many  students  of  note,  and  been  thrust  in  contact  with  many 
learned  men.  The  celebrated  St.  Julien  had  interested  him  in 
the  stud}'  of  Chinese.  Other  languages  had  received  his  closest 
attention.  His  own  teaching  of  Fnglish  and  German  had  brought 
liim  some  revenue,  and  h?  felt  the  plan  had  sutficientl}'  matured 
and  the  time  had  come  to  make  the  cffiirt  of  bringing  into  reality 
a  long-cherished  dream,  .\ccordinglv  early  in  the  sixties,  several 
professors  of  language  having  been  found  willing  to  participate 
in  the  enterprise,  three  little  rooms  were  rented  in  Rue  St.  Honore 
and  the  school  was  named  the  ''Association  Internationale  de  Pro- 
fesseurs."  It  is  not  surprising  to  find  Fraulein  Xotzen  one  of  the 
instructors,  engaged  to  teach  Gernian.  Their  former  accpiaint- 
ance  had  meanwhile  ripened  into  friendship,  and  this  in  turn 
developed  into  a  happy  romance  and  marriage. 

Sudden  success,  however,  was  not  destined  to  crown  this  novel 
educational  enterprise.      The  rooms  of  their  school  fronted  iq)on 


200  TlIK  rJ'XXSyLl'AMA-aKJ^MAX. 

a  clingy  court,  at  which  entrance  hung  a  green  sign,  giving  the 
prc>per  directicin.  Such  Ijcginnings  soon  wearied  and  discouraged 
most  of  Rudy's  associates  an.d  he  was  ohhged  to  buy  out  their 
interest. 

Undaunted  by  tiiese  reverses,  and  witli  I'Vaulcin  Xotzen  re- 
maining firm,  he  now  assumes  the  sole  control  of  the  school,  and 
from  it  dates  the  success  of  his  scheme.  He  chooses  a  new  corps 
of  instructors,  retaining  only  his  professor  of  German,  and  stub- 
bornly bends  every  energy  to  win  favor  and  success.  He  adver- 
tises freely.  He  even  plays  adroitlv  upc>n  his-  former  connection 
with  the  Schnecksville  Academy  in  this  country — a  humorous  and 
rather  naive  specimen  of  blowing  one's  own  horn,  and  which  may 
illustrate  the  man's  shrewdness  rather  than  his  honor.  Knowing 
the  importance  attached  to  the  word  "academy''  in  France,  he 
hits  upon  a  rather  l)umpti('iis  metlK>d  of  pul)lishing  his  own  attain- 
ments and  place.  Along  every  boulevard  and  in  multitudes  of 
the  prominent  business  places  of  the  city  he  had  placed  his  green 
posters,  calling  attention  to  his  instituticni  in  the  following  man- 
ner : 


"Association  Internationale  de  Professeurs; 

Directeur-I-'oundateur :  Charles  Rudy. 

Anciennement  de  r.\cademv  de   Schnecksville." 


It  must  be  said  in  justice  of  the  man.  however,  that  he  was  not 
happy  in  after  years  whenever  allusion  was  made  to  this  shrewd 
trick,  and  he  preferred  not  to  have  it  mentioned.  Yet  it  served 
its  end  and  was  withal  a  happy  inspiration,  characteristic  of  tlie 
man's  pluck  and  resources.  It  attracted  attention  and  brought 
the  institution  pupils,  thus  helping  it  to  grow  apace. 

Having  sufficiently  prospered  in  his  efforts,  and  having  learned 
thoroughly  to  love  and  trust  his  faithful  teacher  of  German,  the 
two  in  1867  left  for  the  lady's  home  in  Xurcmberg.  Ciermany, 
where,  surrounded  by  her  relatives  and  old-time  associates,  they 
were  married.  On  returning,  after  their  summer's  travels,  they 
pursued  their  now  united  life-work  with  still  greater  assiduity 
and  earnestness,  and  found  yet  greater  prosperity  to  come  to 
them. 

A  cruel  interruyition,  however,  came  with  the  Franco-German 


rHOFKSSOU  CHAULES  KIDT.  201 

War  of  1870.  French  defeat  and  the  rei-.i  of  the  Commune  in 
Pans  necessitated  their  lligiit  to  London,  where  thev  remained 
iintd  a  serencr  sky  again  smiled  upon  France.  But  on  their 
return  only  desolation  met  their  wondering  eves.  Their  home 
and  school  had  heen  laid  waste.  Life  was  to  be  begun  anew 
\et  we  find  Mr.  Rudy  and  his  equally  pluckv  uife  sufficient  for 
the  test. 


\ 


t^    ^< 


i.*- 


\  i 


^y«(.«*-V«^  '  4''^i!" 


PROF.   KUDY,  WIFE,   AND  NEPHEW.  JOSEPH  P.   GROSS. 
While  a  student  at  Paris. 

With  Iieroic  courage  they  begin  to  battle  for  their  former 
prestige.  Before  long  they  have  regained  their  old  place  New 
hfecomes  to  their  school.  The  quarters  in  Ru^  St.  Ilonore  are 
again  filled  with  pupils,  drawn  from  the  best  families  of  Paris  and 
beyond.  Tlie  phenomenal  growth  of  the  work  called  for  more 
professors  and  for  branch  schools  throughout  the  citv.  In  course 
ot  time  five  such  -succursales"  or  branches   were  established  in 


202  THE   rF.yysYLVAMA-ai'.nMAX. 

I'aris,  an;]  by  and  by  a  few  more  in  neighboring  cities  and  towns. 
Mr.  Rudy  gives  himself  henceforth  exchisively  to  management, 
leaving  tlie  teaching  entirely  to  others.  Yet  he  personally  super- 
intends every  (le[)artment  an.d  frequently  visits  every  branch 
school.  1  he  teachers  employed  were  tlie  very  masters  in  their 
varied  departments.  He  often  found  valuable  assistants  in  the 
attaches  to  the  ditTerent  foreign  legations  resident  in  the  city. 
Ihe  courses  of  study  included  a  wide  range,  embracing  all  the 
arts  and  sciences,  with  especial  emphasis  given  to  the  modern  lan- 
guages. One  year  a  course  of  lectures  on  international  literature 
was  arranged  and  conducted  under  his  auspices,  which  included 
not  less  than  twenty  ditterent  languages,  the  lecturers  being  mas- 
ters of  their  subjects,  and  speaking  in  their  national  language 
while  they  themselves  appeared  in  native  costume.  The  venture 
was  both  ])iipular  and  pecuniarilv  j)rotual)le. 

With  the  extensi<in  of  the  scope  of  the  institution,  new  and 
better  quarters  had  to  be  found  for  the  main  school.  Although 
this  was  atleniled  with  difhculty  and  much  expense,  yet  Mr.  Rudy  '; 

succeeded   in   transplanting  it  to  Rue   Royale   Xo.   7,   which   my  ..; 

informant — a  friend  and  long  associate  of  the  Professor — declares  • 

to  have  been  a  "lucky  r.uml.er."     It  was  here  that  the  institution  I 

grew  to  its  largest  proportions,  numbering  its  students  for  many  I 

years  at  two  thousand  and  over,  and  its  professors  at  a  hundred  '         t 

and  fiftv.  i 

Thus  rose  into  prominence  a  man  of  humble  birth  and  of  few  I 

youthful  advantages.      Thus   grew   an   institution    from   smallest  % 

...  ? 

begmnmgs  into  the  favorable  notice  of  the  world  of  letters  and  | 

art,  enjoying  the  patronage  of  counts  and  princes,  of  priests  and  I 

prelates.      Among  the   famous  men   that  supported   it  are  men-  I 

tioned  the   Prince  of  Wales    (now   King  Edward  VII   of  Great  t 

Britain),  and  Pere  Hyacinthe.  while  scholars  in  all  parts  of  the  | 

world  remember  the  "Rudy  Institute"  with  pride  as  their  nour-  | 

ishing  mother.     All  Paris  gave  personal  honor  to  its  distinguished  | 

head.'^  | 

Prof.  Rudy,  though  possibly  not  a  highly  educated  man  him-  s 

self,  knew  how  to  direct  the  education  i4  others.      He  possessed  1 

natural  endowment  and   was  a  man   of  rare  tact  and  executive        •  | 

ability.      He   was  largelv  a  self-made   scholar    while  his  distin-  f 

I 

•  See  .VpiKiidix.  I 


Fi;0FJ'-SS01!  CUAULES  UUDY.  203 

guisliino-  traits  seem  to  liave  been  a  shrewd  iiisiglit  into  men,  and 
a  rare  tact  of  seeing  and  grasping  ()[)i)(irtunity.  Furce  of  circimi- 
stance  which  bronglit  liim  in  contact  with  men  of  every  station 
and  degree  of  culture,  gave  him  poHsh.  The  same  cause,  sec- 
onded hy  stud}'  and  travel,  made  him  tlie  hnguist,  who  had  mas- 
tered many  of  our  nn^dern  tongues  and  dialects.  He  could 
fluentl}'  speak  not  less  than  a  dozen  languages.  Ik-sides  some 
translations  into  Chinese  and  Sanscrit,  he  was  author  of  a  Chinese 
Grammar  in  the  Mandarin  dialect.  }lis  travels  led  him  as  far 
€ast  as  Thibet,  where  he  was  enal)led  to  extricate  himself  from 
personal  danger  by  his  ability  to  read  the  sacred  books  in  the 
original,  after  ^vh.ich  the  natives  looked  upon  him  as  a  superior 
being.  He  wrote  occasional  articles  for  our  American  magazines. 
He  was  a  bVllow  of  the  b'reiich  Academy,  or  Iiistitiit  Xatioiial  as 
it  is  generally  known,  while  Franklin  and  ^Marshall  College,  of 
Lancaster,  Pa.,  conferred  upon  him,  in  1S79,  the  honorary  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Idiilosophy. 

Although  Mr.  Rudy  had  so  thoroughly  identitied  himself  with 
Paris  that  few  persons  on  casual  ac([uaintance  would  have  seen  in 
him  any  traces  of  the  American,  yet  he  always  took  especial  pride 
in  his  American  citizenship.  "American  visitors,  and  especially 
Pennsylvanians,  were  always  greeted  by  him  with  a  hearty  wel- 
come,'' writes  the  Rev.  Prof.  J.  H.  Duldjs,  D.D.,  of  Lancaster,  Pa., 
son  of  his  old  pastor,  wdio  visited  him  about  fifteen  years  ago. 

EXTRACT  FROM   KF.V.  PR.  DCBBS  '  LETTF.R. 

"It  was  (luring  this  Oriental  jciinu'v  that  he  first  seems  ;o  have  become 
aware  of  his  wonderful  talent  for  learniiio-  languages.  He  studied  them 
granmiatioally  liut  his  vocal  organs  wove  so  wonderfully  constituted  that 
there  was  hardly  a  sound  that  he  could  not  jironounce.  lie  acquired  dialects 
as  well  as  languages,  and  took  great  pleasure  in  conversing  with  country 
people.  His  acquisition  of  such  languages  as  ^ilanchu,  Cingalese,  and  Chinese 
Mandarin  astonished  the  foremost  scholais  of  Germany. 

"In  Paris  he  had  to  tiiriit  a  liard  ])attU',  luit  will  anil  perseverance  gained 
him  the  victory.  His  instil utinn  was  an  iniiDvatiou,  and  there  was  a  strong 
prejudice  against  foreigners,  liut  h'^  accomplished  his  ])urpose  and  at  the 
time  of  my  visit   flsTSI  there  ^\ere  I-jG  pru:'essnrs  and  2,0.'0  pupils. 

"That  Prof.  L'udy  was  a  man  of  extraordiiuiry  talent  no  one  will  now 
presume  to  deny.  In  addition  to  this  lu:'  jiossessod  a  wonderful  power  of 
organization,  which  enabled  him  to  retain  liis  hold  on  the  miiuitest  details 
of  his  undertakings.  He  had  also  made  himself  familiar  witli  American 
methods  of  adA"ertising  ;iim1  did  uvt  lu'glcct  to  employ  tliom.  In  his  later 
years  he  was  regarded  ;!<  a  great  niusiral  rritic  thougli  he  could  hardly  sing 
a  note.     Prosjveetive  prinui  ihuinas  .sang  to  him  and  he  magisterially  decided 


204  THE  rKXNSYJA'AM.lGFJlMAN. 

on  their  i)rospivt  of  suocet;s.  His  skill  in  lliis  rosi)i'ct  I  conceive  to  have 
been  chiclly  duo  to  his  remarkable  familiarity  with  the  capacities  of  the 
human  voice. "  ^ 

Prof.  Oliver  Ilolhen,  another  Peniisylvanian,  who  was  for  eight 
years  associated  with  him  as  teacher,  and  to  whom  we  are  largely 
indebte.l  for  the  facts  in  Mr.  Rudy's  Parisian  life,  says  that  he 
was  an  American  to  his  heart's  core.  "On  fete-days  the  star- 
spangled  banner  ever  waved  by  the  side  of  the  French  flag  from 
his  window." 

As  he  remained  true  to  his  American  citizenship,  so  he  was 
ever  loyal  to  his  church.  The  religious  training  which  he  re- 
ceived in  the  old  home  under  the  shadow  of  the  Blue  Mountains 
and  in  a  plain  rural  church  of  Pennsylvania,  had  sunk  so  deep  - 
into  his  heart  that  it  could  never  be  effaced.  Among  the  most 
cherished  relics  of  his  childhood's  home — the  dearest  memento 
of  his  pious  mother- — was  a  little  German  prayer-book.  This 
Habcniiaiicltcii.  laid  into  his  hand  by  his  mother  in  childhood,  be- 
came his  religious  ixnic  inccnm  to  the  grave.  Having  become  a 
member  of  one  of  the  French  Reformed  churches,  he  and  his  wife 
were  regular  attendants  at  worship,  fretpiently  attending  the 
American  chapel.  The  memory  of  his  parents  was  most  fondly 
cherished,  of  whose  counsel,  given  in  his  boxhood.  he  ofteit  loved 
to  speak.  He  is  said  to  have  made  frequent  and  tender  reference 
to  his  earlv  associates,  and  often  while  alluding  to  his  first  pupils 
in  America,  the  mention  of  their  names  caused  his  lips  to  quiver 
and  his  eyes  to  fill  up  with  tears. 

In  personal  appearance  he  was  prei)Ossessing.  The  writer  dis- 
tinctl}-  remembers  his  ruddy  cheeks,  his  genial  eye,  his  wealth  of 
black  hair — in  later  }ears  bleached  into  the  whiteness  of  snow— 
and  the  quick,  nervous  movements  of  his  Ijody,  of  but  medium 
height  and  slender  in  form.  Later  years  added  nutch  to  his 
.weight,  and  he  died  quite  corpulent.  His  picture  reveals  a  full- 
bearded,  high-l)rowed.  schcMarly  face,  l)etraying  a  genial  and 
companionable  mien — a  cotmtenance  that  is  indicative  of  the  strong 
and  open  character  that  was  his. 

His  last  illness  was  brief,  dying  from  some  pulmonary  affec- 
tion. According  to  a  previous  wish  and  decree,  he  was  buried  in 
Switzerland,  in  the  same  village,  whence  his  father  had  emigrated, 
and  in  the  same  churchyard  where  sleep  the  Rudy  ancestors.  He 
died  childless.  btU,  according  to  the  most  reliable  accotmts,  left 


rKOFKSSOi;  CHAHLKS  JUDY.  205 

liis  wife  with  a  lianclsoinc  fi)rtunc  and  the  control  oi  a  most 
tlourishiiig  institution — the  nKiturcd  child  of  his  own  brain.  To 
his  American  relatives  and  friends,  and  to  all  ill-favored  yoiUli, 
who  may  chance  to  know  or  read  the  story  of  his  life,  comes  as 
with  an  inspirati(jn,  the  ley;acy  of  his  distinguished  career,  and 
the  brilliant  example  of  his  unfailing-  courage,  his  indoruitaljle 
energy  and  his  marvelous  success. 
Lebanon,  Pa. 

(APPENDIX.) 

THE    INTERNATIONAL   ASSOCIATION   OF  PROFESSORS  OF 
PARIS  AND  ITS  FOUNDER,  CHARLES   RUDY. 

[From  "L'Uiiiver.s  Illus.it',  "  of  Hee.  4,  3870,  of  I'aris.  KiiiiUy  traiis- 
L-.tod  by  the  late  Prof.  W.  J.  Burusiae,  of  Lebanon,  Pa.] 

We  olTer  to  cur  readers  a  group  of  .selected  jirofessors  [The  pieture  shi.ws 
jiortraits  of  eleven  Oriental  Professors,  Dr.  Kudy  in  the  niiiist. — Editor.]  in 
the  Oriental  division  of  the  In'ernatioiial  ,\ssociatiou  of  I'rofossnrs  of  Paris. 
The  advancement  that  the  study  of  liv!n<;-  languaoes  lias  made  in  France, 
nnd  notably  in  I'aris  sinre  the  war  of  ]s70,  and  tlie  ilistin^uislied  services 
rendered  in  that  respect  by  the  Assoeiation^  and  the  eminent  philologist, 
Mr.  Cliarles  Eudy,  who  is  its  founder,  lead  us  to  belie\e  that  the  accounts 
which  f.illow  in  regard  to  the  career  of  tiiat  scholar  will  be  read  with 
interest. 

Charles  Rudy  was  born  in  bSo8,  at  Washington,  Lehigh  county,  (Pennsyl- 
vania). He  did  brilliant  work  in  his  studies  in  Xew  York,  and  returned  at 
the  age  of  nineteen  to  his  native  village.  A  few  months  later,  imtwi  hstand- 
ing  his  youth,  he  was  (■.■ille<l  to  sujierinteiid  the  Srhnecksville  Academy. 

But  this  career  at  a  fi.ved  ]dace  of  residence  ilid  not  satisfy  his  desire  for 
the  study  of  languages.  An  invincible  longing  urged  him  to  travel  in  order 
to  satisfy  his  passion  fur  his  favorite  study — the  knowledge  of  the  various 
races  of  humanity,  and  v;;ri(:ns  languages.  Renouncing  the  lirdliant  future 
promised  to  him  in  his  own  countiy,  and  despite  the  urgent  wishes  of  his 
friends,  who  would  have  preferr^-d  to  retain  the  young  scholar  in  their 
place,  he  tendert-d  h's  resignation  at  the  end  of  a  year,  crossed  the  sea,  and 
resided  successi\ely  in  Kngland,  in  r)enmark,  S^weden,  li'ussia.  Turkey,  Spain, 
Germany,  and  o- In  r  countries.  His  \M)nderful  ai)titude  for  languages  en- 
abled him  in  a  short  time  to  become  familiar  with  the  idioms  of  those  coun- 
tries, and  in  the  nudst  of  his  studies,  he  found  time  to  lighten  the  labor 
(co-labor  with)   of  American  newspapers  by  fre<pient  correspondence. 

In  1S60  he  came  to  Paris.  There  he  sot>n  noticeil  the  inefRcieucy  of  our 
university  course  of  instruction  at  that  ]ieriod,  in  respect  to  the  study  of 
languages,  and  ho  conceived  the  proje,'  of  creating  an  es'tablishment  for 
the  study  of  languages,  nmre  in  accordance  wi  h  his  own  views.  The  enter- 
prise was,  to  say  the  least,  venturesome,  if  we  consider  the  indifference  sliown 
by  the  Freneh  for  foreign  lanou:i^r,.s  fifteen  years  ago. 

Devoted  to  pracncal  \w^  hods,  and  i-oii\  itic.'.l  that  our  course  of  instruction 
in  languages  showed  a   great   lack   in   this   n-spect    (a    recent   circular  of   Mr. 


"<^6  Tin-:  Pf:xx.sYu-jxij.Gi:i:MAx. 

Waltan.has  shown  this  too  plainly,  an,l  oii-l,t  to  ;,ttra.-.  tho  attention  of 
teachers  to  a  matter  so  serious).  Mr.- Hu,lv  fmn.,!.,!  ;lu'  International  Vs- 
soe.ation  of  Proro.sors,  the  exvlnsive  ul.Jcvt  of  ulu.-!,  (institutinn )  is  tu  fa- 
cilitate the  praeti.-al  study  nf  Kv.n.u  lanyuaK-s.  The  new  institution  soon 
develo|.ea  under  the  able  superin-endence  of  that  ener«etie  philoloi^ist.  la 
order  to  aeoemniodato  the  overwhelming  patronage,  ^Ir.  Kudv  est'fil.lished 
successively  four  branch  schools  in  the  most  populous  quarters  of  Paris.  The 
profef-f ors  in  charge  of  these  divisions  represent  more  than  twentv  ditferent 
nali.nalities,  and  have  the  purest  accent  of  the  languages  they  teach. 
_  More  than  2,000  pupils  have  pursued  the  courses  of  study  of  the  Assoeia- 
tnn  in  the  last  scholastic  year  and  strangers  ^vho  reside  "in  Paris  for  the 
study  of  languages,  find  in  the  establi.^,hment  of  this.  Association  facilities 
which  no  other  city  in  the  ^vorld  can  oft'er,  and  these  advantages  often  tend 
to  prolong  the  stay  of  strangers  in  the  capital. 

The  knowledge  of  European  language  was  not  sutticieut  to  Siitisfy  such  a 
spirit  of  investigation  as  that  of  Mr.  Eudy.  Attracted  to  the  studv  of 
Asiatic  languages,  he  added  successively  Sanscrit  (Pali),  Thibetan,  Mongo- 
lian, Mantchoorian  and  Chinese  to  our  school  of  Oriental  languages  His 
aptitude  for  languages  attracted  the  attention  of  our  most  celebrated  Orien- 
talists, Gimblot,  Pauthier,  Foucaux,  and  especially  of  Stanislas  Julien  who 
until  the  time  of  his  death,  showed  the  strongest  interest  in  the  youncr  phil-  ' 

ologist       The  letters   of   this  regretted   sinologue    (Chinese-ologi'st)    t^o   Mr  ^ 

Rudy  form  a  valued  collection  which  show  the  exalted  esteem  which  this  il-  ^ 

lustnous  professor  of  the  French  college  bore  in  the  relations  of  private  life  '^ 

The  Asiatic   mythology-,  ethnology  and  comparative  religions,  studied  bv  ^ 

Mr.  Rudy,  led  hun  to  devote  himself  exclusively  to  the  study  of  Buddhisnr  ^' 

tor  a  number  of  years.  "  ' 

This  last  study  made  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Grimblot.  afterwards  inter-  ! 

rupted  by  the  death  of  the  latter,  was  returned  by  Mr.  Rudy  with  Stanislus  I 

Juhen.    It  was  at  this  time  that  he  began  his  labors  in  the  Chinese  lan^nta^^e  | 

the  researches  into   the  texts  and  manuscripts  on   the  subject  of  Buddhisn{  . 

having  made  it  necessary  to  be  familiar  with  that  language.  | 

In  ISOG,  imbued  with  euthusi  ism  for  his  studies  of  the  pa^an  reli-ious  f 

he  betook  himself  to  Central  Asia   in  order  to  make  himself  familiar" with  f 

their  practices,  in  the  midst  of  their  adepts.     He  brought  back  from   that  I 

journey  a  large  number  of  books  and  precious  n,anus,ripts  in  the  Thibetan  -' 

Mongolian.  Calmuck  and  Chinese  languages  and   a  number  of  sacred  books  l 

ot  Buddhism,  of  which  ho  translated  several  volumes.  I 

His  journey  was  marked  by  some  curious  incidents.     In  translating  to  the  ■■ 

barbarous  tribes  of  Central  Asia  their  sacred  books  which  most  of  the  natives  ! 

were  unable  to  read,  he  was  regarded  almost  as  a  demi-god.     Ovations  of  all  ? 

sorts,  dances  and  processions  were  held  in  his  honor.     Comi>elled  to  with-  \ 

draw   on  account  of   the  pestilence,  he  re'.urned   bv  way  of  the  .lancrerous  ^ 

deserts  of  Astrochan,  Blount  Ararat,  Caucusus  and  Anatolia,  and  on  his  re-       '  \ 

turn  to  Paris  he  pursued   his  labors  with  r.-newed  activity  and  ener^ry      It  j 
13  from  this  period  that    ,c  may  date  the  courses  of  Orienul  languacres  now 


PUOFESSOU  CI[.II;L/:s  IUDY,  207 

Z^,^'-   ""   ""''^"^?"'   ^'"   ^''^'   l"-^'^''^^«-   ^'  ^^'-^''   ^-•■"  t!.e  group 
published  in  our  .lournal. 

About  the  sr.me  perioa  he  cntributea  as  a  charter  n.en.bor,  to  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  society  of  languages  in  Paris 

T-.vo  years  after  his  wanderings  in  Asia,  Mr.   Rudy  resumed   his  travels 
and  went  to  study  in  the  Xeu   AVorh.1  nn.ong  the  Eocky  Mountains  and  the 
^rri  ones  occupied  ),y  n,e  indians.  the  now  sects,  especially  the  I,atter  Dav 
Sain  s    (Mormon.),  on   the  .hores  of  Salt  Lake,  Utah.      [The  writer  i.  evi"- 
denl^.under  a  misapprehension  here.     The  Mormons  are  the  on!v  new  .ect 
that  have  sought  the  west  for  t],eir  home.     Most  of  the  other  new  sects  re- 
mained where  the  the  doctrines  originated.]     Mr.  Rudy  has  latelv  pubH.hed 
a  nw-  method  for  the  study  of   Chinese.     He  has  preserved  in   this   g r  -i 
work  the  practical  method  which  he  has  n,ade  the  basis  of  his  .vstem  ofi 
s  ruction.     One  is  astonished  in  analyzing  this  w.rk.   to  see  a  C^at    ^ 
d  fticnlt  reduced  to  such  simplicity.     This  method  will  no  doubt  be^made  to 
occupy  an  important  place  among  the  works  of  our  chief  sinologues 

]:j:iT'Ir::!':':''/1  ^-.^^"-^-^'^   enterprises   Mr:  Rudy   has 


earned  th  right  to  our  gratitude.  The  services  rendered  bv  the  association 
^hich  he  has  lounde.l.  and  which  he  directs,  following  the  ;vsten  Th  "h  he 
discovered  are  too  well  known  to  need  our  approbation  ' 


been'nn     '  >,        '"'''^'''  "'  '"•'  ^^^"'  '^  '^''  i"'^^-^'-^'  ^'-^v  of  languages  has 

been  able  wit   ,n  tour  years  to  extend  so  rapidly  among  us  we  are  in  ^  ^rea 

nieasi^e   indebted    to    his    institutions    and    to    the    n^thods    wl  •.:  HZl 


adopted. 


-S!  -S  # 
Through  the  kindness  of  Dr.  George  Hetrich,  an  antiquarian  of  Bird^boro 
the  Editor  was  recently  treated  to  a  sight  and  exanuition  of  a  r  r e  o  J 
German  document.  This  is  nothing  short  of  a  printed  "Protest  a.ainlt  the 
Appointment  of  Benjamin  Pranklin  as  the  age.^  of  this  Province '-rGr 
Britain  when,  in  1,W,  our  Provincial  Assemblv  appointe<l  him  as  the  r 
presentative  to  the  English  Parliament,  to  present  i^person  th  '^r  evant 

e  empti!:T:iA  """^  °'  ^'^  discrimination  in  ta^Uion  sho.'i  b.! 
exemption  of  the  j.roprietanes,  manor  lands  and  possessions  This  protest 
was  made  by  such  distinguished  citizens  and  members  of  the  Pi  ovine  'its 
sombly  as  John  Du-kinson,  David  McConaughv,  J.hn  Mont^onrv  Isfac 
Saunders,  George  l^iyl.r,  .Villiam  Allen,  Thomis  AVm.ng.  C^b"" 
Amos  Strettell  and  Henry  Keppele,  and  tl,e  objections  to  FrankUi;  are  S 
in  seven  separate  counts,  and  is  dated  October  'o    17(54 

Imismuch  as  the  same  paper  contains  the  lengthv  defense  bv  Frankl.n 
refuting  the  objections  raised,  it  is  very  probable  'that  the  la ter  put  le' 
same  into  circulation  in  this  German  form  to  set  himself  strailh  in  h 
ejes.  A  proot  this,  ot  the  influence  that  our  German  population  ^-idded  in 
things  provincial  at  that  early  date  of  our  Commonwea  th 's  h  t"  T  e 
closing  paragraph  alludes  to  his-perhaps  final-departure  f lo  -belov 

land  and  he  asserts  his  devotion  to  it  bv  the  wish  of  \i     ,        7    T 

Latin-^..o  po,..._  .ishing  all  pn-sp^ii^:  hli  ^i  ^if  zf;;:  w^;: 

nia^aiumous   tor.iven..   f„r  his  enemie.      D.ted    Philadelpht;;  ^x::e;Z 


AN  DER  FAIR. 

BY    1:EV.   Die.    J.    MAX    HAIIK. 

From   Vul.   X,   I'locoeiUngs  Pennsylvaiuu-Lieniiau    Society.      (In 
style  of  siiolling  and  illustrated  by  Editor.) 

Was  dcr  Jake  over  heit  net  so  grossfiihle  dut, 
In   sein'r  besht,   neuc  Sonndag's  Suit! 
'Sis  well  er  die  Kate  uf  die  Fair  uenune  will, 
Ini  r.eue  "Wiigelie  un    'tin  groiie  l^'itll. 

])ie  Kate  is  noi-li  iirger  gebutzt  as  wie  er. 
Ich  wees  net    wie 's  gar  niiiglicli  wiir 
Mee  Feddre  un  J'duninie  uf  ihr  Hut   zu  du; 
Oder    'n   scliiinmes   ^laik-lie   zu    finna   dazu  I 


different 


C>  'wiss  sehnr  n;er  net  oft    'n  selunert-gurkieher  Paar 

As  wie  des  an  deni   ]\torge   war, 

Wie  sie  in  der  Fair-gruml  nei  g'fahre  sin — 

"S  war  n'niierstag  Murge,  so  wie  irh  miL-h  b'sinn. 


Was  ware  a\er  sehon   'n  Lot  Meuselie  dort; 

Un    'n  Zucht  un  Gegrisoh  alsfort! 

'S  war    'n   Huckster  iin  Gamier  un  allerhand   Shows; 

Mer  litt   deiike  keune   der    Deivel   wiir   loss! 

Die  Oehse  lien  g<.blarrt   un   die  Ifalme  gekriiht ; 

^ler  hut  scliier  net  g'wist  wo  mer  schteht. 

Un  noh  kuinnit  die  P.and  noeh  un  spielt  uf   'm  Sehtand! 

'S  war  ewig''r   I.iinii,  awer  doeh  war's  ah  grand. 

Zu  erscht  hut's  die  Kate  shier-gar  bang  genmeht; 
Der  Jake  awer  hut  juscht  gelaeht. 

"Nemm  du  jusi-ht  nioi  Hand,''  sagt  der  .Fake;  "  un  noli 
Geht's  ab  zu  sehne  was  zu  sehne  is  doh." 


'N  SackvoU  Grundniiss  wern  g'kauft  f er 'n  Stiinl- 
Sie  sin  wulil  ken  fiinf  Cent  werd — 
An  der  Fair  awer  guckt  nier  net  uf  die  Expense! 
Un  der  Jake   fiihl     heit  ah  so  rei<']i   as    'n  Prince. 


roirnc  ai:Ms. 


209 


Sie  steht   'n  well  an  ilcr  S,-liliflil-iniilil 

Von  die  I'.iiwe  iin  ili'-  ,\rii.l  s'n  \iil 

^Vas  (Iruf  falirc;   di(>  Kate  awfr  will    's  net  ilu; 

Sie  siigt 's  inaclit  sie  (liiniilirli,  un  kosdit   inu-li  dazii. 


■::fii-^3^;*^KSJSB^jw*;>S!S?«'  <rv<«  S"W^*rf3i'SiK->«»?>'i»l%"»*'.j>' 


■'■ui&£^£sS^^&;^t^'ihs£.^£i&.i.^^^&^iiiu.> 


,**,. 


r 


V^ 


'%   '"^^ 


-'•■si 


■m 


!LJLi-iiL.L.,Li,:. 


?^Si^ilMii^JSiii&k^^^^ii'i^i»ii£^ii 


Dacli   iwwer  e'weil  giiekt  <ler  Jake  sie  so  weit — ■ 
Enich  ]\I;  (lei  werd  versehwetzt  niit  der  Zcit — 
Das  sie    'n  gut  Dutzeiid  Mol  niit  em  rum  g'fahre  is; 
Er  but  sie  fesoht  g'lialtc — wegem  Darmol  war's  gewiss. 


Noch  deni  sin  sie  gange  niitnatintr  die  Ki.h  ' 
Zu  begiu'ke,   iin    's   annere  Vieh. 

Von  Si-hot'  mi  vnu  Sci.    's  nix  aln  vdirh  y.n  seh  ' 

Die  Gcil  sin  iirht    ''ut,  \in   die   Miakcl  s'n   srli 


210  THE  FEXNSVfJ'JMA-aKh'MAX. 

Die  Kate  }.!fil,t    's  liiii^st   lieiin  llaniinrlt:'  stfh', 

Sie  kaiin   ^ar   net    frrt    davoii   geli '. 

8io  streiclii'lt 's  uii  si-lt\\ct/,t  zu 'in  ;   iidli  schiinit  s'e  sich  halb 

Wio  (ler  .lake  zii    'hvvv  siij^t,  er  w<it   cr  wiir    'n   l-valli! 

lliii    suit   pt'lltM-  shcckiire  ITeiij^st   os   mewht; 

Er   siiyt    cr  \v;ir  cfiis  Vdii    di'   gvr.vht 

In  der  Welt;   iiu    's  \var  a!i  en  ni;iclitigt>s  I)ier, 

Zu  CTi'i-'^s  un  zu  stliweer  t'tT   \  iel  usr.  mi'en   ich  sirn:'r. 


l?ei   (ler  Zeit  nan   imiss  es  lial   Midda;^   sei ; 

So  gehue  sie  in  c'  Stand  mi 

W'ci  mei'  OystiT-stew  krickt.  niit  ( 'rack<.'rs  un  Kraut 

Fer   'n  Yerdel;  iiu    's  sedmuikt    'iie  beede  juseht    'bout. 

Neidist  liei,  fer'ni    'e  Zelt,  juini>t    'n  JIans^\ersiit   rum, 
I'll   's  sjiielt  e'  juiig  \\'eil)snu'nsi;li  die  Drum. 
Sie  lien  gri'sse  Hili.li'r  ut'    "s  Zelt-ducii  yejiaiut 
Von  wilde  Kreatur,  un  was  nier  <lrin  selmt. 


"J)<irt  gehne  inir  nei,"  siigt  drr  Jake;   un  sie  sin; 
Awer  frog    'hii   luol  \vas  si(^  di^rt   drin 
lien  g'setiiiel      Es  iruielit  en   bis  lieit  uoeh  als  bus! 
"  Fa\  \erdult  15 'sedieisserei    's  was  ich  so  eljes  lies'! 

'S  ^\ar  interresant   ah   die   Kares  zu  seh'; 
Was  kciine  ilie  Trotter  net  geh ! 
Ebwolrl  as  der  .lake  n.ehnt  es  wiir  \iel  im  Dreek^ 
Un  ah  net  e'  \^ennig  im  Driver  sei  Neek. 

Sie  stehuc  so  hing  dort  am  Kace-grund  draus, 
Es  wert  no  zu  spoot  fer  in    's  Ilaus 
Nei  zu  geh,  wo  die  Store-saclie  sin,  un    's  G  'uali, 
I'll  Geb.-ik,  un  die  •Telly,  un  allerhand  meh. 

As  der  Jake  siigt  am  beshte  wiir    's  doeh  net  so  gut — 
'S  het  iinyliow  ihn  lu't  so  g'suit — 

As  es  Brodt  un  der  Butter  as  die  Kate  selver  maeht, 
Un  von  wellen  er   'xpeet  noeh  zu  esse  fer  Xaeht! 


"A\^er   's  G 'xpecte  is  net  iniiner  's  Ilawe!  "  siigt  sie; 
Und  er  iiicent  as  er  hiit   sie  noeh  lue 
So  g'gli>-he    's  wie  nan,  wie  sic    'a  a 'geguekt  hut 
As  deht  sir  ilni  froge  ob  er  sie  hawe  wiU! 


rOKTIC  CKMS.  ,  211 

Es  Tiiac-ht  ilin  sich  (lummlc  zu  slitartp  fcr  ITiiiii, 
So    's  er  g 'srhw  imlt  \iiii  der  ('I'nwil  t'weck  kiiiii. 
Es  roiiit  all  lu't  laii;^  s^iii  sic    'in  \\';iL;fK-lie  dre', 
'Vii  safe  uf  em  Wej:;   uin-h  der  Bushkill  ho. 

Sci  Arm  liiK  tr  sciiieln w  nan   <;  "scliHiipt   ii:ii  sie  rum, 
I'll  die  Kate  is  of  course  net  so  iluiiim 
Net   zu  \\  isse    's  er 's  duht  N\eil  der  Owct  is  kiihl 
I'll  es  gelit  eem  jo  ah  en  Art  saferes  ('. 'fiihl! 

I'f  e'  mel  no  lint  er  sie  g '1  -.'.sst  as  es  krai-Iit, 

Vn  g'sagt— un  hut  laut   dazu   u'hudit, 

"  Es  HaA\ekuiuint  oft  olnie  's  (I'xpeeta  fer  MiidI  "' 

"I)es  haw  iidi  seln  n  laiig  awer  ^' ".xjiec-kt  I  '"  siiyt  die  Kate. 

Fer  on  lang  >>triry  kerz  Tnaeiie:   Vor  der  luii'liste   Fair 
War  die  Kate  die  .Mrs.  Jake  Lehr! 
Fn  del  Jake  next  sie  oft,  nn  siigt    's  diit  ihni  hx-t 
As  er  mt  an  die  Fair  ineh  kann  geli  niit  die  Miid. 

DIE  NEIE  SOFT  DSCHENT'L-  THE  NEW  SORT   OF  GENTLE- 

LEIT.  FOLK. 

BY   HKXUY    II.VUB.VlUiIH.   D.D.  TK.XXSL.XTl'.D   BY   II.   A.    S. 

O  heert.   ihr  liev.  e  Leit,  was  sin  des  O  list,  geml  people  I    I'm  in  sore  dis- 

Zeite;  tress, 

Dass  luiser   eons   nocdi  dcss  eriewe  To  think  that  1  must- li\e  and  sec 

muss!  ail  this! 

'X   jeder   liaureliuh    muss   Kiirridseh  Each  farmer's  boy  now  must  a  coach 

reide,  [xissoss, 

Fn  F»aure-Miid.   die  siddejipe  rum  in  And  farmer's  girls  in  sdk  and  satin 

Seide  dress, 

I'n    Niemaiid    nemmt    an    all    dem  And  no  one  finds  this  foolish  pride 

Siditolz  ^'erdruss.  amiss. 

'X  eegne  Ir'.oahit-    hi.t    'n  jeder  Ban-  Just    look    at    those   young    farmers. 

rebuh,  luiw  they're  digiit! 

"X"  scdipreim-  tJaul  un  (i 's.diarr  mit  How   stitf    they   hold    their   heu'ls, 

SiUierl('sli!(\t:e  drutf.  how  proud  their  gait  I 

Fn   pleiiti   Zi.-hrgold  ah  im   Sack — do  lli^iw   i.lo    they   rush    u[^    to    the    fash- 
is   kee'    liuh.  ion's  height! 

Am    Samsididag    gehii    d.ie    Dshent 'I-  You  can't   tell   tlnnn   from  city-folks 

leit    'm  Srhteilt  "1  zu  by  sight ; 

I'n     schtelle     dort     am     i.leirstdite  These    have    no     airs    which    tliey 

^Vertshaus  uf.  don't   imitate. 

^Vi^  is  des  junge  Baurevolk  doth  uf-  Each    fanner's    boy    a    buggy    owns. 

gedi'css  ,  a  new, 

\Vie  heewa  sie  cUe  Kepj)  so  scliteif  Fine  silvered  harness,  with  a  horse 

nn  licch  !  as  well. 

Wie  dhnn  sie  in  die  schtolze  F,'is<:h 'us  There's    jdenty    ' '  s(iending  ' '    in    his 

renne,  pocket,   too. 

'Sl'r  kann  sie  nimme  vun  de  Sc-htadt-  On    Saturday    you    see    them    driving 

leit   kiiine.  thrijugli 

Sie  ma.  he  all  ilir  Hoclimuths-wege  The  tow'i  ami  stopjiing  at  the  best 

iiocuh.  hotel. 


212  TUi:   PKSSSYLVAXlA-GF.UMAy. 

Dev     Vattcr    .'i.'tikt :     Was    liab     ich  "Eli!"  thinks  l'a|ia,  "my  boys  are 

S'.'liir.r.rte  S.'liuo;  smart,  iiidcc-il  I  ' ' 

Die    >[iittLT    sa.i;t:     .Mri    Mii.l    die  "  Lo(jk, ''  says  .Mamma,  "  my  girls 

kumii:e  rausi  are  comiii";  out!  " 

Sii  .St-hteil  kusc-ht  C'eKl.     Ja  well,  hit  Sufjli  style  costs  tiidUi^^h — "Ila,  bor- 

kann   jo   lehne.  r(.\v  uliat  you  need!  " 

Sell     gliet      'n     Weil,     liass     iif,     <lii  That    ^vorks   quite   well    awhile;    but 

versoht's  Ijall  sehiie,  ah,  take  heed  I 

Dor    Yatter    "^jelit    d 'r    Bunyort  We  soon  shall  hear  Papa's  "gone 

Fens   ball   iiaus. "  up   the   siiout." 


In    olden    times    it    was    a    sin    and 
shame 


A'or   -Mters   ^vas   ts    als   en    Sind    un 

Sehand,  m        ■   i      •        i  i  t    i           i           > 

^r  ,  ,  c-  1     11             1                »         11  io     sink    in     debt     beyond    one  s 

jNIeh     bchulde  n:aehe  as  m  r  zahle  ,                 •' 

,         .  means  to  pay. 

,0-          i.    '    1  '              .          I  i.    ■       1  i  'Tis  not  so  now.  You  iust  give  notice 

his    net    nieh    so;    ni  r    gebt    luseht  .           ,     ,,      •'  ■..    ^ 

^-   ,.      1       ,     T   %^i-,  •'  through  the  editors 

JNotis  dorch  die  hditors,  rp,     .     i      •             it                -n 

->,,,,         .      -^           1,    .                     1  Ihat,   business  closed,  vou  will  ciiin- 

iM  r  hot  gecios  t,  un  <   let  cunipounde  '                   i       -tx  •   "n                      i 

^  .,   ,.     /-■     Ti  pound    with   all   vour   cred- 

mit  die  Creditors,  •, 

Tt-             1    »  ■      i     1       •            r->  1  itors. 

\\er  so  lietnegt,  dor  is  en  Dslien-  -.x      ,          ,.,,                ,,              ,.          ,, 

,„          ^  lou  re   still   a    gentleman    l('r    all 


t  'Imann 


this  play. 


Wie    Icbt    m 'r    nan.'      Ich    sehn    du  But  how  do  you  live  then?     Just  as 

wcescht   nrch   nix!  before. 

^I 'r    lebt    jusch    wie    d'rvur;    des  The  law  will  fix  all  that.  You  just 

fixt  die  Lah!  transfer 

M 'r  eegent  nix — die  Fraa   hot's  all  Your    jiroperty    all    to    your    lady's 

in  Ilanil —  hands  ; 

M 'r  is  ihr  Edsehent,  niiinedscht  Geld  You  act  as  agent,  manage  funds  and 

un  Land  lands, 

Un    geht    nau    in    die    Kosclit    bei  And  in  return  you  live  and  b^  ard 

seiner  Fraa !  with  her. 


"WIE  MER  GLEE  WARE. 

Der  Mensch  guckt   oftir.uls  gem   zu-  Die  Antwanl  war  uns  oft  net  klore, 

rick,  Hen  oft  g'mante  es  wiir  net  vrore, 

Un  wuanerd  aw  iiber  sein  Gliick  ^^'ie  sie 's  uns  ge\va  hen. 

,^        1       ,               i.  1    i.  'Slev    hen,    of    course,    knaps    no    ge- 

J)e.s  ihn   begegent   hot.  '                       j           i              & 

guckt, 

Mer  war  so  Kinuiscli  und  so  dumm,  -.r                 -,...       ,                     ,  ^ 

'  Un  unser  ivop  dazu  genuckt, 

Hut  net  geuist  ferwas,  warum  Uq  ernstlich  g'sawt:  Ahnien! 
iMer  sich  beheefe  sut. 

Wan  niir  nixnu  zig  ware    dann 

An  wunnerfits  huts  uns  net  g'fehlf,  W'ar 's  g'sagt:    "  Es  kumt  en  Bi3ser 

iVJer  hen  knaps  alles  noh  g'zehlt,  Mann, 

Hen  allcs  garn  g'wist.  "^'^  "'^'"^  Euch  all  mit  f erd.  " 

,,      ,                 ,,  Sell      hut      uns      schri\}klich      bang 

Mer  hen  aw  alles  aus  gef rogt ;  ,        i  ^ 

*         °   '  g'niacht, 

Die  Eltra  gans  uhnatig  g'blogt,  Xo  hen  mir  nimme  laud  g'lacht, 

Un  hen  gar  nix  g'mist.  Un  nimme  meii  g'zerdt. 


POETIC  GEMS. 


;i3 


Uii  freinir.e  I.eit  lieu  zu  uus  g  "sagt — 
"Wan   da   net   gesclit   un   ilnscht  sel 
grad, 
Sebiieid  i(  h  dei  Ohie  iib;" 
Do  is  mer  ab  in  aller  Kil. 
So    sehuell    ab    gselquungo    wio     'n 
Pile— 
Uu  in  (wv  ifand  die  Kap  I 

Ks  Mar  uus  Kiunei"  oft  ferlate, 

Hen  net  gewist  uie's  uus  noeh  gate, 

Bis  niir  emole  grose  sin. 
Die  Biickel  lieu  sie  uus  geuipt, 
Un  oftuiols  liinue  drut'  gekiekt, 

Wau  niir  net  grad  ob  sin. 

Vn  in  der  Si.-liule  war    's  grawd  des 

same, 
J»lir    hen     's    grirkt    dert    gvawd    uie 
dehecm, 
Un  hen  aw  no  gebrillt ! 
Der  Meschter  war  net  hoeh  gelarndt, 
"Wan   er   fascht  war,   hut's   ihn   fer- 
zarudt; 
Xo  hut  er  uus  gedrilldt. 

"Winters  sin  mir  als  nous  ufs  lee, 
Mit  Schnee  war  oft  der  Bodde  weis 

Die  Fiiss  uud  Finger  kalt. 
Mer  ware  oftniols  draus  zu  lang. 
Far  Schliige  war's  uus  no  als  bang; 

Am  Kop  huts  oft  geknoldt. 

Un  wan  en  Bawie  kunimc  is — 
"War  es  en  Buh  oder  en  Sis — 

Hen   mir  gewunncrd,   glei — 
'V\''er  hut  uns  des  lieb  Kind  gebroelit, 
Un  was  hut  es  der  Pap  gekoseht? 

'N  jeders  siicht:  "Sis  mei!  " 

"Fimi     Dockter     hen     mirs     Bawie 

grickt, 
Die     Grandniam    hut     ihn     mit     ge- 
schickt;" 
So  hen  sie  uns  gesagt. 
"Dor  Dockter  is  en  gooter  Man! 
Er  bringt  uus  alles  was  er  kauu; 
Er  werd  net  ford  gejagt!  " 


"  Wie  wees  der  Dockter  \\  o  sie  sin  ?" 
"  i]r  fangt  sie  '.ief  ini   Wasser  ilrin, 

Un  ncmt  sie  no  mit  f  erd.  " 
"Oh  mei!   Die  arnie  kleeue  Dreb; 
Die  Seliwimnie  bei  de'  Mulie-ki'ip. 

Hot  er  uns  ah  grickt  dert .' ' ' 

Der  wunnerfilz,  der  dreibt  em  hie 
Ins  wasser,  bis  nuf  an  die  Knie, 

l)ann  'iverij  all  rum  gegut'kt. 
Sie  ^vare  alnud  tief  im  ]  )reek ; 
Duch  hut   nier  g'sagt:    "J eh   ga   net 
week ; ' ' 

Un  hut  sich  net  fermuckt. 

Docli    kuuit    kens    raus,     's    hot    nix 

gebot, 
Das  mer  sei  Zeit  ferlrlne  hut 

Mit  gucke  unnig  der  Brick. 
Sie  ware  all  iui  Dreck  fersclupt, 
Ken  Eens  hut  druuuer  raus  geguckt, 

^ler  hut   ken  auiol  "s  Click. 

Aoh  war  der  Beltzniekel  aw  noch! 
Am  Chris'ttag  kumt  er  aus  seim  Loch 

Un  hut    'n  G'siclit,  kole-schwartz. 
No  sin  mer  dopper  unnioh  's  Bett 
Uu  hen  gewinscht  er  find  uns  net, 

Un  hart  klopt  unser  Hertz. 

Now  sin  die  Christtag  uns  en  Frade^ 
Es  hut  sich  alles  rum  gedrade; 

Mer  hen  ken  iingschte  meh! 
Des  Christ-Kind  is  gar  weit  bekannt, 
Sei  Name  lebt  iin  Heide-land, 

Sis  alles  gute  und  slio. 

Mer  br;iuehe  's  aw  net  all  f  erschteh, 
Uu  alles  wisse  jung  un  klee, 

Was  Kinner  gar  nix  bott. 
Un  wan  mer  niol  gawackse  sin 
Un  hen  Ferschtand  un  guter  Sinn, 

Pints  uns  aw  gar  nix  g'sehadt. 

AVie  shij  hats  doch  der  Herr  gemacht, 
Ken  Mensch  hot  alles  so  bedaeht; 

Un  alles  so  am  Platz! 
Sei  Allmaeht  is  unendlich  gross, 
Weishoit  gebt  er  uns  aller  moos, 

Den  Ilimmel,  unser  Schatz. 


214 


TlIK   PEXXS  VL I  \l  MA-GKRM  A  X. 


Un  so  clools  imiiicr  jiuch  fonl  ^tli; 
Picl  alte   Sadie  bleiwe  sohteli, 

Fiel  iiciio  ^'chts  (lazii! 
En  ,lP(ks  sut  iln  was  es  kann 
Unlcwe  w  ic    'n  Gottcs-iiiann, 

Sel  brinoj  oni   sfiito  Ruh ! 


Den  alles  kunit  eniol  ziini   end. 

Die  Freiind  un  Feinde  werie  gMrtnt. 

En  jedcr  find  soi  Hans'. 
Un  w'ie  nicr's  do  maeht  kunits  vm  zii, 
Wann  nier  imde  schlofl'e  in  der  Riili- 

No  find  mer  alles  aiis! 

JOHX    SCHUMACIILlt. 


WAECHTERRUF. 

VON    KKIDA   SCHAXZ. 

Ilort,    ihr    Eeute,    and    lasset    eucli 

sagen: 
Das    Jalir,     ilas     Alte,     hat     ausge- 
SL-Idagen ! 
Die  Gloeken  liiiiten  von   nahe  und 

fern. 
Gli'u'k     und     Segen,     ihr     werthen 
Hcrrn  I 
Yon   ganzen    Ilerzen,    in    Gottes   Na- 
me n, 
Heil     und     Freud     eucdi,     ihr    lieben 
Danien ! 
Frieden      ini      Reieli.      Ruhe      im 

Stiidohen! 
Mvrthen    und    Rosen    den    selu'inen 
Madrhen! 
Gesundheit   dein    Alter!      Ruhe   dem 

Leid! 
Frohe  Herzen  und  frolie  Zeit! 

Sonne    am    lliinniell       Segen    auf 

Erden ! 
"Was  noch  nicht  gut  war,  mog  bes- 
ser  werden ! 
Was    euch    begUiekt     nir)g'    bleiben 

wie's  war! 
Gott    wait'    es,    ihr    Leute!     Prosit 
Neujahr! 


WATCHMAN'S  CALL. 

TRANSLATED  BY  FKNST  HFI.D. 

}Tear,  ye  peojde,  and  let   me  be  tell- 
ing: 
Old  Year  is  dea<l,  its  bells  have  ot-as- 
ed  knelling! 
The  New  Year  belis  ring  now,  far 

and  near; 
Tt  means  good  luck  and  lilessings, 
dear  sir! 
With    all    our    heart    and    in    God's 

name, 
It    nutans    great    joy    to    you,    good 
dame! 
And  peaL-e  in  the  realm  and  in  the 

tow  u. 
And     orange-wreath,     a     maiden's 
crown ! 
And  health  to  old  age,  and  relief  to 

all  pain, 
Joyful   hearts    with   a  merry  strain! 
Sun   in   the  heavens  and   bless'ugs 

on  earth! 
What    was   not   right,    should    sink 
in  dearth! 
What  gave  you  joy,  may  stay  right 

here ! 
God  grant  it,  ye  people,  happy  Now 
Year! 
— From  The  Wilkes-Barre  Record. 


DRAUSS 

BY    CHARLES    C 

Oft  wann  mer  weit  is  vun  deheem 
Kumme  Gedanke  iwwer  e'em 
Wie  mer   's  deheem  so  gut  hot  g'hat, 
Un  wie  die  Mammie  oft  e'em  gsaat: 
"Wart — drauss  is  net  deheem!" 

Mir  Buwe  hen  als  jusvht  gelacht 
Un  unser  Ksehpuchte  fort  gemacht; 
Yun  heem  geh  hen  mer  net  geahnt; 
Now  bin  ich  'g  awwer  gut  bekannt 
Dass  drauss  is  net  deheem. 


UN  DEHEEM. 

ALVIN    ZIEGLEK,    ESQ. 

leh  bin  geiraveled  east  un  west. 
Bin  ziinlich  iwwerall  gewest, 
Hab  Iliiuser  g'funne  schee,  beipiem, 
Kee  Harze  awwer  wie  deheem — 
Drauss  is  net  wie  deheem. 

Bleib,    bleib    deheem,    O    Kind!     Es 

Neseht 
Fer's  Yeggeli  is  doch's  allerbeseht; 
Drauss  in  de  raue,  weite  Welt 
Sin     Sehtarm     un     Blitz    un     grosse 

Kelt— 
Ach,  drauss  is  net  deheem! 


Historical  Pilgrimages  into 

...Pennsylvania-Germandom 


A  TOWN  AND  COUNTY  OF  THE  OLDEN  TIME 


Historic  York,   Pennsylvania 


liV    DR.     I.    n.    BETZ. 

1 — S   VERY  now  and  then  letters  come  to  the  postoffioe  of  York.  Pa.,  ml- 

I  dressed  "liittle  York,  York  County,  I\'nnsylvania. "     The  do^^iona- 

'        tion  "Little  York''  has  never  lircii  used  by  its  residents.  Klsewlien-. 

somehow   or  other,  the  term  was   frequently   used  and   is  still  more  'T  Irss 

current. 

A  visit  to  this  bustling,  active  city,  which  is  now  the  third  nianutai-turing 
town  in  thf  State  in  variety  of  its  manufactured  products,  will  speedily 
serve  to  dispel  all  illusions  and  allusions  bearing  u[)on  the  aforesai'l  p'jint. 

How  this  particular  designation  arose  is  not  so  clear.  Probably  the  older 
and  larger  New  York  may  have  suggested  that  a  still  later  and  embryo 
York  should  have  its  pretentions  relinked  by  a  humorous  appellation.  I'n- 
doubtedly  the  original  intent  was  that  the  town  should  be  called  York  just 
as  its  older  sister  town  across  the  river  had  been  christened  in  honor  of 
Lancaster,  England. 

Y'ork  was  laid  out  in  174L  It  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  State  wtst  of  tlie 
Susquehanna  river.  Shippensburg  comes  next,  being  founded  in  1749.  al- 
though a  nuLdeus  of  houses  existed  a  good  while  before.  Still  it  \\as  not 
formallv  laid  out  as  a  town  until  some  years  later.  However  thr  f^n-ni(-r 
newly  laid  out  tovrn  became  known  as  Yorktown.  Just  as  some  ainlntions 
newly  laid  out  western  towns  have  "City"  appended  after  their  names,  so 
our  more  ancient  town  may  have  taken  this  addition.  At  any  rate  it  was 
thus  known  and  popularly  termed  until  it  was  incorporated  as  a  borough  in 
1787,  which  event  at  the  time  was  celebrated  in  great  style.  Tiie  •  •  town ' ' 
■was  then  drojiped.  Another  "Yorktown"  in  Virginia  had  just  beronie  a 
landmark  in  history,  and  it  was  bur  totting  tiiat  our  new  borough  should  re- 
turn to  its  earlier  designation.  There  was  a  ceiitenidal  celeliratidti  ol  this 
event  in  lss7  in  which  year  the  borough  also  bcrame  a  "city." 

York  county  was  set  apart  from  Lancaster  in  1749.  The  sesquicouteunial 
of  this  event  was  fittingly  celebrated  in  1899.  From  1741  till  1749  the 
growth  of  ihe  town  was  very  slow,  but  sixty-three  houses  having  been  erected. 

After  the  formation  of  the  county  in  1749,  which  also  made  Y'  rk  the 
county  seat,  the  growth  was  more  rapiil,  so  that  in  17.34  there  wrr.'  iIlO 
houses,  of  which  three  were  bric-k,  two  were  stone  and  the  remainder  were 
mostly  log,  with  some  frame  structures. 


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In  ]7.")4-G  tho  first  Coui-t  ir<ius('  was  ercetcil  in  tlic  niiddle  of  Center 
Square,  wliicli  iu  li-ss  than  a  (juarter  of  a  century  was  destined  to  1)ecoine 
bistorie.  ]f  I/ili'Mty  was  i-radlt-d  in  I'aneuil  Ifali  and  dei.dared  in  Independ- 
ence Hall  not  a  wldt  less  was  it  maintained  in  ;ln'  (Jld,  ('(Uirt  Hnuso  in  York, 
Pennsylvania.  It  was  in  tliis  Ijuildini;  tliat  the  Ctuitinrntal  (.'(in^n'ss  took 
up  its  delil)erations  afti-r  adjourning  \\ith  a  single  duy 's,  session  in  the  Old 
Court  House  In  Ceu'or  f^ijUaro.  Lancaster.     Jiere  from  Septeinln  r  ;imh,  J 777, 


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iiXhMCMi^^r<t^^i.^:'_i''.-  -■;..■,--..  ■  -Ai-. 

,.-    %-ilMiSi^^m 

THUMAS  PAINE. 

When  at  Yorktown,   at  40  years  of  age. 

Tbis  portrait  is  fnnii  IValo's  paintiiiL',  owtiod  by  Col.  John  Laurens,  s.m  of  Ilcnry 
Laurens,  with  whcmi  Paiiii.'  wfiit  to  Fruini'  in  ITSi)  to  iipirotiatc  a  lotui.  Thrir  suoct'ss 
was  such,  it  is  s.ii.l,  it  took  sixti^on  o\-to:ims  to  transport  the  silvor  from  Koston.  This 
paintinir  was  exhitiitcd  at  IValo's  Museum  in  I'hiladelphiu.  ISo:!.  In  isr.4  was  soUl  and 
came  into  the  po><,.<-,i,,n  of  T.  B.  Mac-Iionough.  the  ai'tor,  whose  brother  later  solil  It  to 
Joe  Jefferson,  who  il.sin  il  to  eive  it  to  the  I'aine  Miinorial  Society  of  lioston.  %^  hen  it 
was  burner!  in  a  eourlairration  of  his  liouse  at  Buzzard's  Ray.  He  wrote  later:  The 
cruel  fire  wanted   tl.e  splendid   Infidel,  so   I  presume    the   saints  are  satistied." 


till  June  27th.  3  77S.  a  ptricd  of  nine  months,  the  darkest  and  most  trying 
time  of  the  Kevolution,  the  Congress  remained.  In  this  historic  building 
'were  passed  and  adopted  the  "Arti(des  of  Confederation."'  Here  John 
Hancock  resignrd  as  President  of  tlie  Congress  an<l  Henry  Laurens,  of 
South  Carolina,  was  chosen  as  his  successor. 

Henry  Laurens  was  destined  to  have  an  interesting  career.  He  was  cap- 
tured on  the  sea  while  en  his  way  to  Holland  in  1779  and  was  confined  in 
the  Tower  of  London  for  fifteen  nnnitlis.  He  died  in  South  Candina  in  1792, 
and   aceoriling:    to    his   ^A  ill    w;is   cri-inated.      Tiiis   ^vas   tlu_^   first   ercniatinn    in 


OJ8  THE  VKySSYLVAMAGKUMAN. 

America.  His  son,  Coldiiol  ^v.\\\\  Laurc-iis,  \\1m>  siK-nt  at  least  six  nioiitlis  at 
York  diiriii^r  the  stay  df  tlio  CniiKrirss.  took  part  in  nearly  every  battle  of  the 
Kevolution  an.l  was  kill.Ml  at  tlie  skirmish  of  ('ainjiahee  in  South  Carolina, 
whieh  was  the  last  fii^htinn;  of  tlie  war.  Thus  ended  a  promising  life  at  the 
early  age  of  "Jt). 

At  Chew's  mansion  in  the  liattle  of  Cerinantow  n,  in  ]777,  with  Count  or 
Chevalier  du  Ph^ssis  :\Iaudit  he  forced  one  of  the  windows  of  the  house  but 
not  being  sujiportcl  by  mm  widi  eondiustiWh^s.  they  retired  leisurely  from 
the  lawn,  notwithstanding  a  lie;ivy  fire  from  the  upper  and  lower  win. lows 
of  the  building. 

To   York   during   the   Congress   cau'.e   such    worthies   as   Lafayette,    Hare.n 


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COOKE'S  HOUSE— ERECTED   IN   1761.      YORK,    PA. 
Here  Tom  Paine  l..,li.-r(l  in  ITTT,   .oul   k.-pt  liN   ciicst  ..f  pap.Ts,   ami  wrote  Parts   V   arid 
VI   of    his    ••Crisis."      Hrro    iin't    (■..ii-i-cssiciial    Coininittt'ts,    aii.l    at    thia    place    were   kept 
the   horses   of    many    t'oiipressiiicii. 


Steuben,  Count  Ptdaski,  Alexander  Hanuiton,  General  Gates,  Thomas  Paine 
and  many  others. 

Paine  was  a  man  about  for:y  years  of  age,  ami  liad  in  April  of  1777  been 
appointed  Secretary  to  the  Committee  of  Foreign  Affairs.  He  also  had 
charge  of  a  chest  of  imiuu-tant  papers  liehmgiiig  to  the  Congress  which  John 
Adams  declared  were  of  more  value  than  tlie  Congress  itself.  They  were 
taken  by  Paine  in  a  round  about  way  from  Philadelphia  to  York  to  a  stone 
house  on  the  banks  of  the  Codorus,  which  house  is  still  standing  and  is  in 
an  excellent  state  of  preservation. 

Paine  had  electrified  the  country  the  pre\  ious  year,  in  177t).  by  writing 
"Common  Sense,"  a  pamphlet  which  had  an  enormous  circulation  and  pre- 
pared the  way  for  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  At  York  he  finished 
No.   5  of   the  Crisi-',  ^^  lii-li  was  Ik  gun   n:    the  liou-^e  of   William    Henry,   at 


fllSTOUir  YOUK. 

Center  Square.  Lancnsler.  This  n.nrl  er  w.s  ,.r:„t,.|  at  Ycrk  \,.  (! 
Cns.s  Mas  ho^un  hor.  l,„t  finislu-,!  af  Lan.a.t.r,  an.l  printed  at  Phila,l 
Pa.ne.  after  the  A,neri,au  Kev,  luti.  n,  wen  to  Kn^laiul  an.l  urote  ; 
to  I,„rke,  entitl..,!  •'Ti,e  K'.hts  of  Man/'  ul,;,-!,  was  prosoeute.l 
governn,e„t.  H.,  h.wever,  .s.a,.e,l  tu  Fnuu-e  an.l  .as  eleeto.l  a  n...,- 
the  Ireneh  C,  nvnti,  n.  II..  was  later  in.,,ris,.,...l  an.l  narrowlv  ..s.-a, 
gu.Uot.ne.  Ulule  u.  Fran.e  he  wn,  e  "The  A,,,  of  Keason/"  whi. 
duoed  a  storm  of  nj.p,  siti.m  an,|  alienate.l  „:anv  of  his  forn.er  fd.n.l 
returned  to  An.eri.-a   in    iHii-,   an.l   .lie.l   in   Xew   York  Citv   in    LsnO 


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CONWAY  CABAL  HOUSE  OCCUPIED  BY  GEN.   GATES.   1777-8. 
Th..   l,„us,.   ln,s   a«ni„«   n„.l  s,a,:.ls   2.1    ,I..,r   al..,v,.    ^y,u^v   ,.„    Mnvkot   St..    Y.Mk,    Ta. 

years  afterward  hi.,  hones  were  ren.ove-l  .-lan-lestinely  by  the  celebrated 
A^il  iam_  Cobbett.  an.l  taken  to  Englan.l  ui,h  the  purpose  of  giving  ',hem  a 
public  funeral.  ^ 

It  was  iu  this  t.,w„  also,  uhile  the  Congress  remained  that  General  Gates 
on  h,s  return  as  the  capturer  of  Burgoyne  an.l  his  ar.nv  was  re.-eive.l  hv  the 
Congress  and  appoin  e.l  as  head  of  "The  Roar.l  of  w"ar."  Jfe  rente,!  and 
occupied  a  house  on  West  Market  street  whi.-h  is  still  standing.  This  hJuse 
was  also  used  as  the  office  of  the  IJoar.l  of   War. 

Here  was  iVnned  the  fan„:us  intrigu.  kn.nvn  in  historv  as  the  "(onwav 
Cabal,  whieh  nveive.l  its  nan.e  through  an  Irish  sol.lier  of  fortune-Gen- 
eral Conuay.     ln.loubte.lly  its  chi.f  aim   was  th  remove  Wa.shington   from  " 

h      d>saft..:tu,n  will  p  ..bably  ...er  be  known  but  that  it  ha.l  a  considerable 
follou.ng  IS  more  ,ha.   pr.,l,able.      It   .as  in  tids  house  that  Lafavette  wa. 


-2-20 


TJIi:   PhXSS  YL I  ■  JA7.!  (,7-.7.M/.|  .V 


proseut  at  a  banquet  a.ul  unex,„rteaiy  by  l,is  attit.ule  «ave  a  .leatl.  blow  to 
tiie  hopes  and  expoetations  of  the  n.nsi>iiators. 

Gates  -was  very  popular  and.  as  the  oonquoror  uf  Buv^avno,  l,a,l  (lYzzlod 
the  nunds  of  a  great  niunber.  His  k^al  prestige  and  inOuenee  renutined 
tor  a  long  time  afterwards. 

lu  the  ehurel.  yard  to  the  roar  of  St.  John's  Episcopal  church  Gates  an.l 
A\ilk,nson  met  to  fight  a  duel  which  was  averted  at  the  last  moment 

Near  the  oh  se  of  the  Congress  Pldbp  I.ivingston,  a  n.ember  of  Ccuo.ress 
and  s,gner  of  th.  Podaration  of  Independonce,  died  and  was  buried  in  the 


ST.  JOHN-S  PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH,   YORK    P;» 

The  original  chunli   h;i,;  etvctcd     ITii'i    f.n  sun..  <ir.>       f.- ,  ?   ,  ',',•„ 

Union.      In    rear    var,l    of    this    .4  „rVl         ',.,?"    r     o       ,  ,' l    \v    m  ■       ■■'"   '"■''""'"  "''""'"^   ^'^^^'" 

in  its  steeple  swings  tcia;  "he  hi^oHc  c:::g.:.s::;:nai  ci,>u\' uiu:;!' i^u! '" "''' '  ""'■ 

German  Reformed  ehurch  yar,I  Ifis  retnains  were  removed  nearlv  a  cen.urv 
afterwards  to  Prospect  Hill  Cemetery.  A  tasteful  monument  .'vas  erected 
to  his  memory  there  by  his  grandson,  Stephen  Van  Kenssellaer 

The  Old  Court  House  was  demolished  in  1840.  but  nut  witliout  strono  pro- 
test. ^\ould  that  the  pleadings  of  a  iforris  and  an  tr„ln,es  had  been  rrdded 
and  spared  it  till  the  natioi>  "s  .-entennial.  and  its  future  would  have  been' 
secure.  The  bricks  of  whicli  it  had  been  constrticted  were  u.se.l  for  the  en- 
closure ot  the  second  Court  House  whicli  was  built -several  hundred  feet  to 
the  east  of  the  square  on  East  Market  street,  in  ls:;S-40.     This  second  buihl- 

n^oJ'^olC'  ^''"'  ""''  ''•'*•'  ''"'"''  ^'"'  ^^'^■^^'^  ^^■'^•^'  ^"  -^  ^'^"-^^  '^''^"'•t  House 
(1S99-19U0)  commeusurate  with  the  increased  deuiands  of  the  county 

Before  the  Revolution  there  was  a  broad  arrow  used  as  a  vane  on  t'he  spire 

of   the  old   Court  House.      This   was  replaced  by  tt   gilded    dragoon   in   full 

panoply     in  comj-Hment  tu  the  dashing  legious  of  cavalry  -,hat\vere  oartlv 

recruited  here  by  Cuhu    P.tlaski  and  Arnuind.     The  fulhnvino   vear  Puh.skt 


]iisTO!:ic  yai;K. 


221 


fell  at  the  sic^i'  (if  S;i\  .■luuali.  On  tlio  tk'ninlit  idn  df  the  old  CVnirt  House 
in  1S40,  this  emblem  fell  uiiiiijiivrd  to  the  ground  and  now  graces  the  tower 
of  the  Laurel  Engini'  House  on  iiuke  and  King  streets,  and  is  revered  as  one 
of  the  most  jnicclcss  relics  of  tlie  Tvevulution.  It  was  then  and  is  m.\v  popu- 
larly spoken  of  as  "the  little  man." 

Another  endilum,  tln^  figure  of  .Justice^iu  the  Court  room  was  saved  and  at 
times  graces  histia-iral  meetings.     Tlie  royal  C'nat  of  Arms  of  Great  I^ritain 


' '  fn  't  ''^^  '^'^^ 


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4    '• 


TOMB  OF  HON,  PHILIP  LIVINGSTON, 
In   Prcspcct   Hill   Cemetery,    York,    Pa, 


was  destroyed.  To  the  ucith  of  the  square  on  the  Spabr  corner  on  North 
George  street  stood  the  house  of  Archibald  jNTcLean,  which  was  used  as  the 
Government  Treasury.  Its  coffers  at  times  were  scantily  filled.  [Michael 
Hillegas  had  been  chosen  Treasurer  in  177.3  and  retained  the  otTice  continu- 
ously until  1789. 

A  bell  had  been  jirocured  for  the  use  of  St.  John's  Episcopal  church  in 
1774.  The  church  not  yet  having  a  belfry  for  its  accommodation  it  is  re- 
lated that  it  remained  on  The  pavi'mciit  uf  ,Tnv(^],h  I'pdi-grall:'  for  a  time. 
After  the  signing  uf   tlu^  Pfi-laralion  of  Tiidep.'iidrucf  if   was   placed  on   the 


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IIISTOinC   YOh'K.  2-2:i 

Court  llmisc  by  .Ta^lL■^,■  Snntli,  AnhibriM  ]\IeT.f;ni  jiml  otlieis  to  smind  the 
poaiis  of  Indcpondeneo.  It  was  tliis  bell  that  later  failed  the  Congress  to 
its  deliberations.  For  )iearly  se\"eiity  years  it  toUfij  ell  the  Court  hours  and 
also  announeed  tlie  {lopular  yathorings  ot'  the  day.  It  also  announced  the 
hours  for  worship  of  St.  Julm's  Episeoiial  eliurdi.  Next  to  the  cdd  Liberty 
Bell  in  Independence  Hall,  it  is  Ihe  inost  historic  bell  in  the  country. 


5acrcc> 

TO  TIIP:    MKMe;l;Y   OF   TilK   IU'X01;A1;1.E 

PHILIP    LIVINGSTON 

WHO   DIED    JUNE    rjTH.   177S 

.UiF.D  CV.\   YK\l;S. 

WHILE   ATTEXDIXr;    THE    COXGRF.-SS 

OF  THE  T'XITED  STATES  AT  VOKK- 

TOWX.   FEXX^'A.,   A^   a   DELEGATE   FKOM 

THE   STATE   OF   NEW    YOKK. 

EMIXEXTLY  DISTlXCflSH  ED  Vn]l  HIS  TAL- 
EXTS  AXD  RFCTITFDF,  HK  HESEIIVEDLY  EX- 
JOYED  THE  COXFIDEXCE  OF  HIS  CUUXTKY 
AXD  THE  Li.n'E  AXD  YEXElLVTluX  OF  HIS 
FKIEXDS    AXD  CHILDaEX. 

THIS    ilOXUMEXT    ECECTED    BY' 

niS   OIIAXDSdX 

STEI'HEX    YAX   UEXSSELAER. 


After  the  destrm-tien  of  the  old  (?ourt  House  in  1S40,  it  was  idainied  liy 
St.  Jidm  's  church  and  after  a  tiim:-  removed  to  a  belfry  that  was  constructed 
for  its  use.  After  a  short  time  i:  was  cracked  and  sent  to  IJaltiiaore  to  be 
recast.  It  is  (daini»d  that  its  full  melodious  tone  after  this  became  thin 
and  changed.  Lately,  duriuiL,^  ]'.H)L  wlien  tolled  in  tncinovy  of  our  martyred 
I'rr<id<4it   Mclvinley.    it    -was   i-racki'il    from    top   to    bo;  turn. 

It  Ji'ay  be  noted  in  this  coniH'i-ricn  tliat  tie'  late  President  's  aiu-estry  were 
nati\t-  of  this  county.  They  li\cd  in  Chancef<.ird  tew  nsiiiji,  about  twenty 
miles  southeast  of  York.  The  yreat-great-great-yrand father  canie  there  in 
174.''.  Some  of  the  McKinley  buildings  are  still  standing.  His  great-grand- 
father, I)a\id  Me-Kinley,  was  born  in  17.jo  in  tliis  county  ae.d  was  a  sohlier 
of  llif  Revolution,  and  reinoveil  to  Ohio  and  died  there  in  IS-iO.  The  late 
I'resiileat  was  presented  ^vith  the  original  muster  roll  of  the  company  of 
which  his  ancestor  was  a  neuiber,  bv  Miss  t'arr'.e  Hay,  through  Mr.  E.  W. 
S[iangler. 

Tho  grrwt-grandfailier  of  Mis<  Hay  v\:is  l/eu  enant-Cidonel  Jelin  Hay, 
who  was  the  roid^'it  ollicer  of  tiie  county  and  preser\i'd  among  his  papers 
the  rosters  of  many  York   county  conipaiues  which  are  in  her  poss(  ssion. 


2'J4 


^-'j HI-:  ri:\xsyLiAM.i-<:i:i:MA.\ 


Scvoral  iinics  I'residpiit  .MfKinlcv  liml  j;;ivli;illy  fixid  dates  {<>  visit  York 
aiiil  the  lionies  of  liis  aiuM'st'irs  A\lii(h  tlif  I'xiiicnfit  s  ut'  the  time  pruveuteil 
liim  I'ruin  fulfillinj^. 

Ill  Center  Squjire  were  eii'i-tcd  the  jniiitiiiy-  pirsscs  ln'ou;;hl  from  I'hila- 
del[ihia  for  Goveninn  iit  and  l'utd!i-  rriutinu  ;iiid  to  rnnvey  intelligence  of 
the  wuik  of  Congress.  Xn  iiajitr  had  vit  lucn  piinfiMl  in  the  ■,o\vn  and  none 
was  ]>rinted  till  ]7s7  when  a  local  pajiei-  was  est:ilili^licd.     On    these  presses 


THE  LATE   PRESIDENT  WILLIAM  McKINLEY. 


was  printed  the  Continental  nuuiey  of  the  period.  Tliey  were  again  removed 
to  I'hiladclphia  on   tlie  departure  of   the  Congress. 

Of  the  inunortal  fifiysix  signers  of  the  r>eidaration  of  Independence 
James  Smith  was  from  Ytirk.  He  was  liorn  in  Ireland  in  171:'!.  He  died 
iu  York  in  1S0(3  at  the  ailvaneed  age  of  aiiiidy-three  years. 

His  remains  were  interred  in  the  First  Presliyterian  (diureh  Imrying  ground 
iu  York,  where  a  fine  monument  graces  the  spot.  His  house  was  situated  on 
South  George  street  aliove  Mason  alley,  llis  law  otTice  was  a  two-story 
frame  building  at  the  sduthwest  angle  of  the  sipiare  faring  north.  I>ike 
Archii.>ald  McLean,  he  generously  plaeeil  his  iifiii-e  ;it  the  disposol  of  the 
Congi-ess.  In  the  lnwi.r  .sinry  was  ipiartired  the  l!eai-.l  ef  War  of  -.vhich 
John  Adams  w;is  the  head,  lieing  later  sucoei^led  liy  (iate-'.     The  u[iper  story 


in;STOL-IC  iuj:k. 


225 


■was  used  by  the  Coiiuiiittoo  uf  Foreign  AlT;\us,  of  v.-hich  Paine  was  secre- 
tary. This  builtliiig  remained  for  many  years  afterwards  and  was  used  as 
a  tailor  shoj)  in  which  it  is  said  that  Singer,  the  inventor  of  the  sewing 
machine,  once  worked  as  a  jonrneyman  taiior. 

James  Smith,  however,  had  a  later  oftice  adjoining  his  home,  which  was 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1805  and  which  destroyed  many  valuable  papers  of 
family  and  revolutionary  interest.     James  Smith  had  a  family  several  mem- 


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JAMES  SMITH,   1713-180G. 
Signer  of  Declaration  of  Independence, 
Long    thp    only    luwyer    In    Yurk.      Af'tively    (>fip.)s<(l    to    tiic    oppression    of    the    «rewB. 


A  member  of  CNMigri 
gronnds. 


ss  (luriiig  Us  srssioris  in   York.     Buried  in  First  Presbyterlaa  borylnj:- 


bers  of  which  siirvived  him.  These  historic  buildings  and  this  halloncd 
ground  are  now  invested  with  new  surroundings.  The  old  buildings  haT* 
passed  away  and  but  few  of  that  period  now  remain.  The  York  of  toda» 
with  its  suburbs  is  an  elegant  town  of  well  on  tu  50,000  inhabitants,  and  \* 
the  battle  of  life  the  great  mul.itude  scarce  give  a  thought  to  "the  time* 
that  tried  men  's  souls. ' ' 

However  one  custom  remains  whose  origin  can  bo  traced  to  the  Tery  dawa 
ef  Independence.  Nowhere  else  i.'?  the  din  of  bomb,  rocket  and  fire  work 
more  scrupulously  emphasized  th.nn  in  this  old  town.  It  is  a  legacy  that 
kas  been  handed  down  in  unlimken  seijuence  and  its  origin  is  uneoasK.ioosV 
OTCrloi.>keil  by   tlx;  gri'at  multitude  ot  actdrs. 

Tiie  original  streets  of   Vork  were  named  George,  King,  Queen,  Pri»««9K, 


22i3 


f    THE   FKN  X  S  VIA'  A  X I A-G  I-:  nil  AN 


JMiiliiiU'lpbia.  Water  ami  Tli^'li  uv  Market — euldiiial  iiaiiies  wliieh  they  retain 
to  this  'lay.  George  aiul  .Market  crusseil  at  right  angles',  the  former  nui- 
niiig  ii'irrh  ami  south,  the  latter  east  ami  west.  These  streets  were  laid  out 
eighty  f .  ft  in  width  and  at  their  intersection  four  jJo'.s,  each  sixty-five  feet 
square  were  to  be  added  from  the  adjoining  luts.  This  area  made  a  large 
s<]uare  nf  '21*>  feet  on  eai-h  side'  end]raring  alicut  an  ai/ie.  This  was  named 
Center  Square,  and  later  contained  the  Court  Ihuise  anil  still  later,  in  1793, 
another  Imilding  to  the  east  of  the  C'(Uirt  House  kuo-\\n  as  the  State  House. 
This  liuilding  was  for  the  use  ef  the  county  ollicers.  Still  later  market  sheds 
extended  xn  the  west  of  the  Cnnrt  House.     These  market  stieds  existed  long 


■7~^' 


^?l«-C^ 


•i^^-^^^Z 


RESIDENCE    AND    OFFICE    OF   JAMES    SMITH,    YORK.   PA. 
.'"tn.iii    .S.    AV.    aii;:lp    '<i    Ci'iitro    SiiiiMve    fiicin.:    Uiirtii.      fsed    liy    r,'.;irU   of    \V;u-   rtuJ    C"ni. 


oil  l-'iuci^'n   Affaii'! 
as  a   tail'T. 


xvhi-u   C'lii^Tiss   UK't   in    Yuik.      ll'.Te  .•^U]^;e^,    the   iiiveiU'T,   later   worked 


after  the  former  buildings  were  removo'l.  ami  it  is  only  Mithiu  the  last  fifteen 
years  that  they  were  removed  surreptitiously  by  night.  Of  this  old  ^Market 
House,  11.  L.  Fisher,  the  PennsAlvania-Oernian  poet  of  York,  sings  as  follows- 

"  Es  waer  ken  leichte  Sach  zu  mir 

Wan    's  Marik-Haus  miisst  dort  week. 
jNIei  Herz  hiingt  dra,  as  wie    'n  Klett 
Es  macht  mirh  krank,  ieh  muss  ins  BettI 

Ich  schlupii  mirh  in    'n  Eck  I 
O  nune  sell  ^larik-Haus  nimmermehr 
Eweck  fon  sellcm  Center-Schf(uare! 


"  Sel  Schqnare  war  g 'macht  for    'n  Marik-Haus  nei; 

Der  William  Penn  lu^T  's  g'sad. 
Er  hot  die  Insching  g'frogd  dafor — 
Sie  hen   's  gegrant  forevermore, 

I'n    's  n  iiss  ah  nan  dnrt  sei. 
Was   waer    's  danii   fur    'ii    MavJk-Haus  Schqnare 
Wan   's  net  fur  sel  alt  ]Marik-llaus  waer?" 


lUSTOlUC  YOUK.  2li7 

('tiiter  Square  is  a  spot  of  historic  ineniorifs  and  piciltably  no  place  ol" 
ciptal  extent  in  the  country  cxceeils  it  in  interest,  ft  is  ti>  he  ret^rctted  tliat 
the  materials  of  is  inside  history  are  so  scanty,  and  tliat  so  many  that  were 
recorded  have  throuoji  the  nmtatinns  of  time  liecn  destroyed  whether  liy 
request  or  by  accident. 

\\'hen  the  Congress  came  to  Voik  A\ith  its  retinue  of  followers  j^'reat  de- 
mands were  made  upon  the  resources  of  the  place  for  (juartering  and  enter- 
tainment. Almost  every  jirivate  house,  if  at  all  suitable,  v.as  jiresscd  into 
the  service.  The  taverns,  of  which  it  is  reconled  that  tlicre  was  a  single  one 
during  the  first  year  of  the  founding  of  the  town,  had  incnase<l  to  as  many 
as  eighteen  as  early  as  1765.  The  great  number  arose  from  the  fact  that 
York  was  situated  on  the  great  thoroughfares  east  and  west  and  north  and 
south.  Still  these  taverns  were  unable  to  meet  the  increased  demand  that 
had  so  suddenly  sjoung  up. 

John  Adams,  Samm'l  Adams,  Klljridgo  ('>erry.  I'cnjamin  Harris,  n,  fatlifV 
and  great-grandfatiu?r  of  our  later  Presidents,  Richard  Henry  Lee,  Francis" 
Lightfoot  liOe,  Henry  Laurens  and  Ivlward  Kutledge  woio  qii;:rtered  at  the 
largest  mansion  in  the  town,  ■\\hich  had  liet-n  rented  by  Cmcral  Daniel  Kolier- 
dean,  who  was  himself  a  member  of  the  Congress.  This  house  stood  partly 
Avhere  the  palatial  Colonial  Hotel  now  stands  on  the  corner  of  South  George 
street  and  the  square.  In  his  letters  to  his  wife  Abigail,  John  Adams  com- 
plained of  his  hampered  and  straitened  C|uarters,  although  he  admitted  that 
he  \vas  more  favorably  situateil  than  many  others.  He  also  complained  of 
the  fare  and  co(^kery.  although  ' '' Pennsyh-ania-Dutchdom ' '  has  ever  lieeu 
considered  invulneralile  in  that  ilirection.  He  commended  ;he  church-going 
proclivities  of  the  people  and  alluded  to  the  tenacity  with  whitdi  they  clung 
to  their  language.  He  lamented  their  a}iathy  and  inditTerence  to  public 
affairs,  although  York  and  the  county  ha<l  been  foremost  in  the  support  of 
men  and  measures  for  the  Revolution.  However  in  ISOO  while  President,  and 
stop]iing  in  York,  he  must  have  materially  changed  his  opinion  judging  from 
his  address  to  the  inhabitants. 

So  much  was  Washington  impressed  with  the  loyalty  and  public  s[iirit  of 
the  inhabitants  of  York  <_'ount_v,  that  he  is  claimed  to  have  recommended 
that  the  seat  of  Government  be  located  at  Wrightsville  on  the  banks  of  the 
Susquehanna.  This  proposition,  it  is  claimed,  was  lost  by  a  single  vote  and 
the  banks  of  the  Potomac  were  chosen  instead.  However,  the  same  claims 
liave  been  made  for  Columbia  on  the  opposite  liank  of  the  river. 

It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  Wrightsville  was  the  farthest  point  north  and 
east  reached  by  the  Confederate  forces  in  ISt!.'!.  On  this  occasion  (ieneral 
Early  made  the  Yoik  ('ourt  House  his  headquarters,  and  laid  a  triljute  upon 
the  inhabitants.  It  was  believed  that  the  lianks  of  the  Susipiehanna  were 
safer  as  a  location  for  the  Capital  than  other  points  that  had  been  suggested. 
It  was  of  course  unforeseen  that  an  enemy  would  approach  in  a  reverse  di- 
rection almost  a  century  later  than  when  the  sites  were  discussed. 

When  the  Congress  ;  d,i(nirned  at  Lancaster  after  a  single  day's  session  it 
was  resolved!  '-that  th-  lixer  >hnuld  llow  between  tlieui  ;ind  the  enemy." 
About   twcnty-li\e  meiabers  of  the  (Auigress  came  in   a   body  to   York.     On 


228  THE  rKXXSYLJ'AMA-GKRMAN. 

the  Siuulay  previously  tliev  atte!i<lo(l  the  Moravian  cluirch  in  Bethlehem,  in 
a  body,  and  next  day  [inneedcd  to  Lancaster.  Lafayette,  \vho  had  been 
woundeil  at  lirandywine.  ^vas  taken  to  I>ethlelioni  for  treatment  in  the  car- 
riage of  Henry  Laurens. 

At  the  first  session  of  tlie  Congress  in  York  there  were  present  the  fol- 
lowing niendjers:  From  New  Hampshire,  I'olsom;  from  Massachusetts,  Sam- 
uel Adam.s,  John  Adams,  Lovell  and  Gerry;  from  Khode  Island,  Marchant; 
from  Coniurticut,  I>a\v  and  \Villiams;  from  Ne^v  York,  Duer  and  Duane; 
from  Pennsylvania,  Roberdean ;  from  Maryland,  Chau  and  Carroll;  from 
Virginia,  Richard  Henry  Lee,  Francis  Lightfoot  Lee,  E.  Jones  and  Benja- 
m'ji  Harrison;  from  Xorlh  Carolina,  Penn  and  Harnett;  from  South  Caro- 
lina, Henry  T.,aurens,  Middleton  and  Heywood,  Jr.;  from  Georgia,  Brown- 
son  and  Walton.  Xew  Jersey  and  Delaware  had  no  representatives  present 
at  this  time.  Governeur  Morris,  from  New  York;  dames  Smith,  from  York, 
Pa.;  Robert  ^'klorris,  from  Philadelphia,  and  others  soon  joined  the  number. 

The  number  of  niendjers  that  was  })resent  during  the  stay  of  the  Congress 
varied.  Sometimes  not  more  than  t'wenty  members  were  present.  Forty  were 
present  when  the  Artiiles  of  Confederation  were  passed.  Enthusiasm  was 
for  a  time  especially  at  a  low  ebb  over  the  country.  Disaffections  as  re- 
gards the  conduct  of  the  war  had  arisen.  Going  to  and  from  the  Congress 
was  difficult  and  laborious  in  the  condition  of  the  country  and  on  account 
of  the  usual  me'.hods  of  travel.  The  place  was  isolated  and  inaccessible. 
Moreover,  that  was  the  rigorous  winter  that  produced  the  sufferings  of 
Valley  Forge. 

The  old  Washington  House  which  preceded  the  house  of  the  same  name, 
which  occupied  the  site  where  the  Small  building  now  stands,  quartered  a 
number  of  the  members  of  the  Congress.  Rev.  George  Duffield  with  Rev. 
Mr.  (afterwards  Bishop)  White  were  chosen  chaplains  of  the  Congress.  Rev. 
White  was  entertained  by  Rev.  Kurtz,  pastor  of  Christ  Lutheran  Church, 
who  later  entertained  other  officials. 

Charles  Thompson  had  been  chosen  secretary  by  the  first  Continental  Con- 
gress which  met  in  Carpenter's  Hall,  Philadelphia,  September  5,  1774.  This 
position  he  retained  in  every  siicceeding  Congress  till  17S9,  when  the  Federal 
Constitution  was  adopted.  His  last  service  was  to  notify  General  Washington 
of  his  election  to  the  I'residency,  when  he  declined  from  any  further  public 
service.  The  members  of  the  Continental  Congress  were  chosen  by  the 
States  yearly,  and  thus  the  personnel  was  continually  changing.  Some  of  the 
members  were  re-elected  by  the  colonies.  It  is  interesting  to  compare  the 
names  of  the  Congress  that  convened  at  York  wi;h  the  previous  Congress 
which  met  at  Philadelphia. 

Prof.  George  R.  Prowell,  to  whose  knowledge  and  studies  we  are  so  greatly 
indebted  for  the  advancement  of  our  local  history,  has  collected  the  portraits 
of  all  but  four  of  the  forty-one  delegates  that  were  here  during  the  sessions 
of  the  Congress.  He  has  also  procured  all  but  six  of  the  engravings  or 
etched  portraits  of  the  forty-eight  nuMubers  who  signed  the  Articles  of  Con- 
federation on  meeting  at  I'liiladeljiliin,  July  Oth,   177S. 

(To  be  coutijuied.) 


LAST  WILL  OF  CHRISTOPHER  STUMP 

Pkki.imixakv  and  Explanatory  EE.%rAi;K~^  by  the  Editor. — 1.  Without 
giving  this  ratlier  ourinus  yet  typical  Colonial  Pennsylvania-Gerniau  Will 
in  English,  it  will  help  readers  to  know  that  "verniaclie"  means  bequeath; 
"LigeTi'eni  und  Bewcglieheni  Yermogen "  is  real  and  personal  pro[icrty, 
and  "farbigten   Bub"  is  colored  boy. 

2.  This  ^\ill  was  copied  from  the  original,  now  in  possession  of  Mr. 
Henry  Stum[i,  new  a  resident  of  Stouehsburg,  Berks  county  Pa.,  aged  S3, 
the  great-grandson  of  the  original  testator,  through  Leonhart 's  line. 

3.  The  "hou.'-'c"  spoken  of  in  will,  where  testator  lived  is  still  standing, 
and  it,  v.ith  the  farm  bequeathed  to  Leonhart,  is  now  the  property  of  Mr. 
Thomas  Becker,  of  Millbach,  Lebanon  county^  Pa.,  where  estate  is  located. 

4.  Quite  a  number  of  present  day  prominent  families  of  Lebanon  and 
Berks  counties  are  connected  with  original  Stump. 

5.  The  original  testator  is  said  to  have  been  a  num  of  remarkable  j^hysi- 
cal  strength,  being  over  six  feet  in  stature.  He  accomjiauied  Conrad  Weiser 
to  the  Midwinter  Indian  Conference  of  the  Six  Nations  in  Northern  New 
York. 

6.  The  testator  was  t\vice  married  and  his  frequent  reference  to  and 
conditions  concerning  inheritance  of  second  one,  as  widow,  is  noteworthy. 
He  had  sixteen  children  in  all,  several  sets  bearing  same  name,  and  owned 
several  colored  slaves  as  per  his  will.  He  loft  eldest  son  one  shilling  as 
birthright. 

7.  The  second  son,  Frederick,  is  doubtless  the  celebrated  founder  of 
Fredericksburg,  formerly  Stumpstown,  of  Lebanon  county,  whose  question- 
able escapades  there  made  him  flee  his  native  heath  to  appear  later  in  the 
wilds  of  Tennessee  as  a  notorious  pioneer.  See  former  issue  of  magazine 
containing  pilgrimage  article  "Over  an  Old  State  Koad. " 


Copy  of  the  Original 

Im  Namen  des'  Herrn,  Amen! 

Heute,  den  acht  und  zwanzigsten  Tag  Februar,  im  Jahr  unsers  Herrn, 
ein  thauscnd,  siel  en  hundcrt  und  neun  und  sechzig,  Ich  Christopher  Stump, 
von  Heidelberg  Taunsehip,  '.m  (^'ounty  Lancaster,  im  Staat  Pennsylvanien: 
Bauer;  der  ich  zwar  gelireddieh  krank  und  schwach  l)in ;  albein  meineu 
vidligen  Verstand,  Erlnnerungs-Vermrigen,  Gediiclitniss  und  P>eulirthcilungs- 
Kraft  nocli  ebon  so  gut  wie  in  nieiiien  gfsundeii  Tagcu  besitze  und  geniese, 
wofiir  ich  Gott  herzlich  danke,  dass  wir  alio  storblich  sind,  dass  die  Zeit 
unsers  Todes  ungewiss  ist  und  dass  der  ^lensch  zu  jeder  Zeit  bereit  seyn 
solte  diese  Welt  zu  \crlassen,  mache  und  erkliire  luermit  dit^^  Gegenwiirtige 
zu  nieincm  letztcn  Willen  und  Testament,  nllmlich : 

Zum  ersten  empfelde  ich  meine  unsterbliche  Seele  der  Hand  meines  Gottes 
zu  seiner  ewigen  Barmherzigkeit,  und  nieinen  Leib  der  Erde,  welche  meine 


230  THE  rKXySY[J'AMA(ii:HMAX. 

hirrnoch  liennlirnto  Executoren  auf  oine  Chvistliclio  Art  uiul  so  wie  es  t'iir 
gut  befuiulen  werdon  niiig  be<;iabeii  liisscn  solloii.  Es  ist  inein  Wmisrh  iind 
Willeii,  iind  icli  bofchlo  es-  aiich  ilass  alio  iiieiiii'  iTcbiii.-isigc  Si-luiMrn  uml 
Leigen  Uiikoston  so  gesdnviiid  als  iti'lglirh  iui(di  nu'imiii  Todo  l>ezaldt  werdeu 
sollcn. 

Item.  Icdi  verinache  au  nieineu  Solin  CJeorg  Adam  Stump  die  Suniine  von 
ein  hundert  Fund  in  gangbarem  Gelde  von  PennsylvaiiieUj  wekdies  er  mir 
schuldig  i^•t  auf  ein  gewisscs  Land — besagtes  Laud  soil  ihm  iibcrgebeu  weid- 
en  in  foil,  fiir  seine  Krbsciuift— beides  voni  Beweglidien  und  vom  Liegenten 
VermOgen,  moiiu'S — Fcrner  liale  ii-h  nocli  eiu  Land  in  Ijesitz  nelcdies  ersagter 
Georg  Adam  Stnmii  zu  bezahlto  hat,  welches  Land  fiiifzig  I'fuud  ist,  versag- 
ter  Georg  Adam  Stumii  soil  die  Summe  zu  meinen  Kxeeutoren  fiber  bozahlen. 
Und  ferner  vermauhe  ie-h  noih  an  meinen  Sohu  Georg  Adam  die  Sunune  von 
einem  Schilling  Sterling,  und  nicht  mehr,  fiir  sein  erstgeburts-Kecht  mit  dem 
obengemelteten  Lande  von  ein  hundert  Pfund. — Item.  Ich  vermache  an 
meinen  Sohn  Friedricdi  Stump  ein  gewisses  Laud  von  achzig  Pfund,  welches 
er  an  mich  zu  bczahlen  hat.  Ich  befolimachtige  meine  Executoren  besagtes 
Land  an  Friedrich  Stump  in  fell  zu  iiberreicheu  fiir  seine  Erbschaft  vom 
Ligenten  und  vom  Beweglichen  Verun-geu.  und  nicht  mehr. — Item.  Ich  ver- 
mache an  meinen  Sohn  Georg  Stump,  die  Suninie  von  Sicbenzig  I'und  gang- 
bares  Geld  von  Peunsylvanien  und  nicht  mehr,  in  foil  fiir  seine  Erljschaft 
beydes  vom  Ligendcn  und  von  Beweglichen  Vernu'igen,  daher  autorisire  ich 
meine  Executoren  zu  erst  abrechlen  von  besagtem  Lande  solche  Summe 
welche  er  mir  scliuMig  is^,  und  iiberbluph  ihm  Georg  bezalilen  in  ZAvey 
Jahreu  nach  meinem  Tode. — Item.  Es  ist  mein  Wunsch  und  Willen  und  ich 
befehle  es  dass  meine  Executoren,  dass  sie  an  die  Representauten  des  verstor- 
benen  meinen  Sohn  Christo[>her  Stump  bezahleu  sollen  die  Summe  von 
Zehen  Pfund,  Geld  wie  oben  gemeltet,  und  nicht  mehr  fiir  seine  oder  ihreu 
Erbschaft,  beydes  vom  Ligemlen  und  Beweglichem  Vermilgen  sogliec-h  wenn 
es  gefordert  wird. — Item.  Ich  vermache  an  meine  Tcciiter  Maria  die  Frau 
von  Johannes  Schener,  die  Summe  von  fiinfzig  Pfund.  wie  schou  gemelteu 
in  gutem  Gelte,  fiir  ihr  thell,  beydes  von  Ligendem  und  vom  Beweglichem 
Vermogen.  Ich  befolimachtige  meine  Executoren  ihrer.  der  ^Maria,  das  ab- 
zuziehen  von  den  fiinfzig  Pfund  was  ihren  ]\Luin,  Johannes  Schener  mir 
schuldig  ist,  und  dass  iibrige  sollen  sie  ihr  bezahleu  zwey  Jahre  nacli  meinem 
Tode. — Item.  Ich  vermache  an  meine  Toditer  Susanna,  die  Frau  \(Hi  Jidm 
Leineweber  ilie  Summe  von  fiinfzig  Pt'uud,  Geld  ^vie  schon  gemeltet.  uad 
nicht  mehr,  in  f*  II  fiir  ihr  thcil  von  meinem  IJeweglichem  und  vuu  dem 
Ligenden  ■Vernii'gen,  und  dass  soil  ilir  Erbschft  wirdeu,  in  einem  Jaiir  nadi 
meinem  Tode. — Item.  Ich  vermache  an  meine  Tochter  ^Lirgaret,  die  Frau 
von  Luduick  Maris,  die  Summe  von  fiinfzig  Pfund,  Geld  wie  schon  gemeltet, 
und  niclit  mehr  in  foil  fiir  ihr  theil,  beydes  von  dem  Beweglichem  und  dem 
Ligentem  Yermi>gen,  welche  Summe  ihr  bezahlt  werdeu  soil  in  einem  Jalir 
nach  meinem  Tode. — Item.  Idi  vernmche  an  meine  Kepresentau'en  von  mein- 
er  verstorbene  Tochter  Catharina,  letzthin  die  Frau  von  Georg  Adam  Bush. 
die  summe  von  eint^n  Schilling  Sterling,  und  nicht  nudir.  in  foil,  fiir  ihr 
theil,  beydes  vein  Ligentem  und  vom  Beweglichem  Vcvnii'igen,  welche  Simime 


LAST  WILL  OF  CHUISTOVU LU  STLMP.  231 

ilir  bozalilt  wordeu  soil  zu  cinigeii  Zeit  iiadi  iiiciiKin  Toile. — Itciii.  \<\\  \  er- 
jnache  an  meiiien  Snhn  Henry  Stiinij),  <\iv  Suiiuiio  \  on  cin  hnmltii  I'fiunl, 
wie  sehon  gonielfot,  wek'ho  Suirnic  <r  mir  auf  ein  gcwissos  Land  •<c!i!iMitr  ist, 
M-ck-hcs  l>and  iliin,  doni  l;esa^;ti'in  llcnrv  Stump  in  voll  iiberreu  lit  w.id'ju  soli 
fvir  sein  theil,  beydc^  vom  Liji;entcni  nnd  xnm  P.e\vogli(dieni  A'ernir'i;(.ii.  I'crnur 
habe  ich  nocli  cin  Land  in  Besitz  von  fiint'zioj  Pfund  von  dfiu  t  r~atiteni 
Henry  Stump,  welclies  cr  an  nieine  Exf^iutoren  bezahbMi  soil. — Itcni.  Trh  ver- 
mache  an  nieine  To(  liter,  Maydalmo,  di*^  Fran  von  \Villiani  Fivnuv,  die 
Summe  von  fiinfzig  Pfuud,  Geld  wie  s<dion  gemeltet,  und  nielit  nieiir.  fiir 
ihr  theil  vom  Ligenten  und  vom  Beweglicdien  Vermrigen.  Ich  bet'oUmaohtige 
meine  Executoren  von  besagten  fiinfzig  Pfund  abzuziehen  solehe  Suninie  ilie 
sie  niir  sc-huldig  siiid,  und  das  iilirige  soil  ihr  liezahlt  ^verden  in  e;neiii  Jahr 
naeh  nieineni  Tode. — Item.  Teh  vermarhe  an  meiue  Torhter  Susanna  Stumi>,  die 
Sunime  von  fiinfzig  Pfund,  deld  wie  sehon  genultet,  und  ni<_dit  mehv,  in  voll 
fiir  ihr  theil,  beydes  Ligentem  und  Bewegliehein  Verinr>gen,  ^veh-ht  >  ihr  be- 
zahlet  T^erden  soil  in  eiuem  Jahr  naeh  meinem  Tode.- — Es  ist  niein  Wille  das 
alles  was  ich  oTien  an  nieine  Kinder  Kepresentauten  vermacht  hal'e,  dass  sie 
alles  richtig  empfangen  sollen  durch  nieine  Exfcut(  ren  was  iluien  zu  ge- 
scrieben  ist,  und  Keinen  weiteren  ansprucli  soil  mohr  von  ihnen  geniaelit 
werdeu. — Und  was  die  Kinder  mhi  meiner  jetzigen  Frau  anbetieten.  zii 
denen  vermaehe  ich  wie  folgt,  niimlich  :  Itoni.  I(.h  vcnnaciie  an  nieine  Toeh- 
ter  Catharina,  die  Frau  von  Leonhart  Strickler,  die  Sunime  von  fiinfzig 
Pfund,  (_!eld  \\  ie  s(dion  gemeltet ;  diese  fiinfzig  Pfund  ist  ersagier  Leonhart 
Strickler  niir  auf  ein  Land  schuldig,  welches  ihm  tibergeben  weiden  soil, 
fiir  ihr  theil  von  meinem  Ligenten  und  Beweglichen  Vermogen. — Item.  Ich 
vemiache  an  meiue  Tochter  Julianna  Stump  die  Summe  von  fiinfzig  Pfund, 
Geld  wie  Schon  gemeltet,  in  voll  fiir  ihr  theil  vou  meinem  Ligenten  Ver- 
miigen  welches  ihr  bezalilt  werden  soil,  ein  Jahr  naeh  meinem  Tode. — Item. 
Ich  vermaehe  meine  Tochter  Margaret  Stump  die  Summe  von  fiinfzig  Pfund, 
Geld  wie  schon  gemeltet,  in  voll,  fiir  ihr  Uieil  von  meinem  Ligend<Mii  Ver- 
miigen,  welches  ihr  Viezahlt  werden  soil,  sobald  als  sie  ihre  geherige  Aelte 
erreicht. — Und  ich  befollnuichtige  nieine  Fxecutoren  zu  bezahltu  die  ver- 
schieden  hierin  angefiilirten  Legacies,  ich  thu  daher  sie  bevolliniichtigen  in 
voll,  meine  ersagte  Execntoren  und  die  nachfolger  ihrer,  zu  verkauftn  meiue 
Stone  Messuage  und  Lotte  Grund,  gelegen  in  Reading,  im  County  Berks,  so 
geschwind  als  es  schicklich  s'eyn  inag,  naeh  meinem  Tode,  fiir  den  besTen 
Preiss.  Daher  authorisire  iih  nieine  Executoren,  oder  die  naclif"ilgrr  ihrer, 
fiir  besagtes  Verniiigen  eineu  Died  an  den  Kaiifinaa  zu  geben. —  Jtom.  Ich  ver- 
maehe meine  ganxe  Plantasclie  ^\■o^auf  itdi  jetzt  wohne  in  Heideliicrg  Taun- 
schip,  euthiilt  ungefiihr  zwey  iiundort  und  siehr-nzig  Aker,  an  Miciia'  zwey 
Sohne,  namli(di  Ijconhart  Stump  und  < 'liristoplan'  Stump,  und  zu  ihicr  IIeir3 
und  Assigns  fiir  iinnier.  Dies  ist  zu  sagen,  der  ober.ste  theil  oder  das  siedKclie 
theil,  der  eine  theil  davon,  so  wie  es  jetzt  vertheilt  is"",  das  vermaehe  ich  an 
Leonhart  Stump,  oder  an  seine  Heirs  und  Assigns  fiir  immor,  auf  ilie  Be- 
dingunen  dass  besagter  Let  iihart  Stumi),  rauszugeben  hat  an  meine  Execu- 
toren ein  hundert  Pfund.  also  soil  liOonhart  Stuni[i  mit  Idlfe  seines  Bruter 
Ghristoj'her  Stemp.  nndner  hiriN-rbleitu-ner   W'ltwe  Margaret  eine  hiidanglich 


232  TUE  FEN  N  SYLV  AX  I  AG  i:  IIM  J  X . 

Wdlimiiig  U'lrtc-lial't'ii.  so  hni;^  als  :sie  iiieiiie  Wittwo  bleibt.  iind  nicht  llinc^er. — 
Obiges  Stick  Land  ?oll  dnlicr  das  Eigenthuni  v<  n  I-eonhart  Stump  soyn^  in 
vol!  fiir  soin  tlieii  von  mcinoin  Ligeiitf-ni  Vtinir.f^eii.-  Item,  fch  vcnnaclie 
an  mciiicn  ersag;ten  Sohn  C'liristojili^r  Stump  der  untcrsfe  tlioii.  odcr  der 
Durthlicdie  'Jieil,  dos  obengemclteten  Lnndos — die  eiiie  liiilfte  wio  es  jctzt 
vertheilt  ist,  das  soil  er  balteu  als  seln  Ei;^enthum,  ersagter  Christopher 
Stump,  oder  seine  Heirs  und  Assions,  fiU'  iir.nier;  auf  \\el<dies  Land  er  niclits 
rauszugeben  hat,  nur  dass  er  mit  hilt'e  seines  P>rnders  Leoidiart  Stump  meiner 
bintcrblcibeutn  eine  hinlilni,diche  Wchnunij  versrliatTen  soil,  so  lang  dass  sie 
meine  Wittwe  bbibt  und  nieli  liinger;  welches  Stiik  Land  er  haben  soil  fiir 
sein  theil  von  nieiuem  Ligen  em  Vernnigen. — Item.  Ich  vermaclie  an  meinen 
Solm  Michael  Stumj)  zwey  hundert  und  fiinfzig  Aker,  Patent iertes  Land, 
gelegen  iiber  dem  Blauen  Berg  in  Berks  County,  an  ^hiehanoy  Creek,  -uelches 
ersagter  Michael  Stump  halten  soil  fiir  sein  Eigeuthum,  oder  seine  Heirs, 
Assigns  fiir  inimer,  frey  ohne  etwas  rauszugebcii  fiir  besagtes  Stiik 
Land  in  foil  fiir  sein  theil  von  meiiicm  Ligcutem  Vernuigec. — 
Und  im  fall  einor  von  denen  ol>en  gemelteteu  von  meinen  Sohne, 
njinilich,  LtXinhart,  Cliris  o]dier  und  Leoiduirt,  sferbeu  sollten  ehe 
sie  ihre  Aelte  erreichen  sollte,  olme  Erbcn.  daun  sollen  die  Xachfolgei 
ihrer,  die  Heirs  und  Assigns,  sein  vorbesagtes  Land,  und  die  ersagten  Nach- 
folger  sollen  berechtigt  an  Leonhart  Strickler  fiinfzig  Aker  Land  abmessen 
von  dem  an  welchem  ich  jetzt  welme  greuzent  an  Land  von  Le>.uhart  Strick- 
letj  George  Holstein  und  Michael  Miller,  un  an  ersagten  Leouhart  Strickler, 
oder  an  seine  Heirs  und  Assigns  eineu  guten  Diet  zu  geben,  fiir  immer. — 
Ich  authorisire  dalier  n;e:ne  Executoren,  oder  ihre  Heirs  und  Assigns,  solche 
Dieds,  oder  Conveyances,  das  hinl.'inglich  seyn  wird,  naih  meiner  Meinung 
Willen  und  letzten  Testan^.ents,  zu  machon  und  zu  geben.  Also  vermache  ich 
noch  an  meinen  Suhn  Leonhart  Stumpy  meiu  farbigten  Bub  namens  John, 
und  an  mein  Srhn  Cliristopher  Stum[>  mein  farliigteu  Bub  Adam,  welche 
Niiger  meine  Siihne  s<dlen  i^aben  wenn  sie  Besitz  nehmen  von  ihrem  Lande, 
wenn  sie  einst  ihre  gelierige  Aelte  erriechen. — Ich  vermache  an  meine  Wittwe 
Margarette,  das  viUlige  dritte  Theil  von  allem  bein  Vermiigen,  (ausgenommen 
die  Sclmartzen")  und  befehle  sogbeeh  das  meine  Wittwe  alles  unter  ihren 
Conimaiulo  haben  soil,  das  ist  zu  sagen,  die  ganze  Bauerey,  imd  dieselben  fort 
treiben  mit  hiilfe  ihren  Sr.hne,  l)is  T^^onhart  und  Christopher  iiire  Aelte  er- 
reichen, und  voin  Profitt  uml  Einkmnrien  soil  sie  ihre  Kinder  aufziehen, 
Schulden  lassen  ohne  eine  Anfor  crung  dafi'r  zu  machon. — I'nd  nachdeni 
mein  Jiingstes  Kind  auf  Aelt  ist,  dann  soil  meine  I'ersonal  Estate  vertheilt 
werden  zwischen  mciniMi  scchs  jiingsten  Kindern,  in  gleichen  theilen,  zuerst 
muss  aber  der  "Witfrau  ihr  trittel  weggen(!nimea  werden. — Ferner  befehle  ich 
noch  das  meine  Wittwe  Margaretta  ihren  S'.tz'  haben  soil  auf  der  Planta- 
schen  wo  i<h  jetzt  wohne,  und  audi  in  demsclben  Hans.  Und  sobald  als 
meiuo  Siihne  Leonhait  und  Christoidier  Besitz  nehmen  von  der  Plaatasche, 
sollen  sie  meiner  Wittwe  eine  Wohnung  vcrscliatTen,  so  lang  das  sie  meine 
Wittwe  bleibet  nnd  nich  liinger. — SoUte  sic,  meine  Wittwe,  aber  hieralhen, 
dann  soil  sie  das  tritte  von  aeiiiem  Personal  Vcrmiigen  empfangen  und  nicht 
niehr,  und  soil  sogliedi   ihre   Wohnung.    Hans  und    P.auerev  verlassen. — Und 


GENEALOGY.  233 

• 

ziini  Ictzten  evwalilc  i'.li  iiieino  Exeeiitorcii,  11,'iiiilicli,  Leoiiliart  Strickler  und 
Geo.  Smith  in  diesem  mcinem  letzteu  Willon  und  Tostanieiir,  und  cnviihle 
sogleieh  aueh  Lconliardt  Strickler  gurdian  i'djor  meine  Kinder. — Rczcicrt  das 
dies  inein  Ictzter  Willen  und  Testament  ist — zuni  Zeugniss  dessen  habo  dieses 
Testament  eigenhiindig  unterscdirieben  und  derselben  Signal  beygefiigt,  im 
Jahr  wio  oben  gemeltet. 

his 
CHRISTOPHER  X  STUMP  [l.  s.] 
mark 

Signed,  sealed,  published  and  declared  \  j^- 

by  the  said  testator  as  his  last  will  and  I  John    <   ]Myfr 

testament  iu  the  presence  of  us  the  sub-  '  v,,„,.i- 

scribers.     P.  S. —  The  part  on  the  first  )  j^j^ 

side    where    the    testator    bequeaths    to  \  Hfnry   x   Mvei: 

Susanna,  the  wife  of  Lineaweber,  being  j  nnrk 

first  en razed.  / 


GENEALOGY 

The  word  genealogy  is  derived  from  two  CI  reek  words:  one  signifying 
birtli,  race,  descent  or  family;  the  other  a  saying,  word  or  account. 

Hcucej  genealogy,  in  general,  is  an  account  of  the  descent  or  family  of 
a  person  or  persons.  The  subject  is  commonly  treated  under  three  headings: 
(1)   Biblical,  (2)   Classical,  and   (3)   Modern  Genealogy. 

(1)  The  genealogies  of  the  Bible  are  in  a  number  of  instances  merely 
classified  registers  of  the  people  according  to  "houses,''  "families."  and 
"tribes."  Other  instances  seem  to  show  a  classification  of  nations  or  races. 
Even  the  genealogies  beginning  wih  Aliraham  and  that  of  tlio  house  of 
David  are  differently  viewed  by  historians  and  critics;  some  treating  the 
names  as  these  of  persons,  and  others  regarding  many  of  the  names  as  those 
of  tribes  or  nations.  A  peculiarity  iu  biblical  genealogies  is  the  symmetry  of 
numbers,  the  names  being  giv^u  in  series  of  seven,  ten  or  three. 

(2)  Classical  genealogy  relaes  to  the  remarkable  pedigrees  of  gods  and 
sons  of  gods  iu  classical  literature,  and  also  to  the  lines  of  descent  of  the 
ancient  Greeks  and  Ronuins.  It  is  enough  to  state  that  most  of  these  gene- 
alogical accounts  are  mythical  or  altogether  umvlialile.  :\[any  of  the  Greeks 
traced  their  ancestry  through  a  great  hero  to  som.'  deity.  The  genealogies 
of  the  Romans  are,  however,  more  trustworthy. 

(3)  Modern  genealogy  is  a  tabulated  anil,  as  far  as  possible,  complete 
statement  or  account  of  a  series  of  generations  coming  down  from  the  first 
known  ancestor.  It  possibly  had  its  origin  iu  the  aristocracies  of  modern 
Europe,  wheie  the  principles  of  "hereditary  privilege"  made  it  necessary  to 
determine  with  accuracy  who  were  and  who  were  not  entitled  by  birth  to  hold 
the  higli  offices  of  state  or  to  engage  in  certain  privilegeil  pursuits  of  life. 

Very  few  genealogic  •  can  go  back  of  Hic  year  lO-'O  A.  D.  At  that  time 
began  the  custom  of  u^ing  surnames  or  family  nanu^s.     l^ut  it  was  not  until 


234  THE  FKS^SYl.VAMA-CEUMAN. 

tliL-  l-llli  t'ontiirv  tliat  llio  iisi>  of  surnaiiics  ln'caiuo  j^encral.  }foiu-o  it  is  not 
surprising  to  Ic-irn  tliat  in  tlio  tracing  of  ancestry  licyond  that  period,  much 
of  it  is  based  on  conjecture  and  imagination. 

Therefore  in  genealogical  researcli,  two  esseir.ials  nius't  be  kejit  in  mind. 
The  first  of  ttiese  is  tlie  surname  or  family  name.  This  often  \aries  in  form 
and  ortiiography,  e^"en  in  rei-onls  of  the  same  jieriod  of  time,  and  occasionally 
is  com})lete!y   changed    in   succeeding  generations. 

Autlientic  rec(.)rds  or  doc-uments  are  the  second  essential,  and  are.  no  less 
important  tlian  the  first,  ^\'llere  authentii'  d(  cuments  are  wanting,  it  is 
hardly  possible  to  luiild  a  complete  and  acnirate  family-tree  of  the  last  four 
generations  met  with  in  a  person  's  life  time. 

Tradition  an<l  hearsay  are  to  be  tolerated  only  when  ccmfirmed  by 
authentic  records. 

Records  of  this  kind  may  be  classified  as  follows:  (1)  Otiicial  dec-nments, 
such  as  ^\ills,  land  grants,  deeds,  assessment  anil  tax  lists,  agreements,  court 
records  and  the  like.  {'!)  Church  records.  su(di  as  records  of  births,  bap- 
tisms, marriages  and  deaths;  lis's  of  comnuuiicant  memliers,  etc.  (3)  In- 
scriptions as  found  on  tombstones,  monuments,  etc.  (4)  Private  records, 
such  as  private  family  accounts  of  births^  baptisms  and  ileatlis;  diaries,  cor- 
respondence, etc. 

Amcng  'ihe  very  early  ihicuments,  classed  as  authentic,  to  be  found  iu 
England,  are  the  Doomsday  books,  (the  "  Exrhequer  Doomsday"  having 
been  completed  about  lOSG),  registers,  calendars,  chroni(des  of  various  mon- 
asteries, title  deeds,  charter  rolls,  ti  urnaiuent  rolls,  and  eoats  of  arms.  On 
the  continent  of  Europe  soir.invhat  similar  domnients  exist,  l.:ut,  as  a  rule, 
are  not  as  accessible  as  those  of  Englaml.  Of  coui'se,  a  number  of  these  are 
of  benefit  principally  to  the  nobility  of  Europe  and  to  the  descendants  of 
titled  ancestors;  and.  in  this  country,  apply  cliietly  to  those  early  American 
settlers  who  descended  from  seme  old  or  distinguished   European  family. 

It  is  a  remarkable  coincidence  that  when  America  was  being  discovered 
and  explored,  the  subject  of  genealogy  began  to  be  thoroughly  investigated, 
and  the  first  tolerably  accurate  genealogical  publications  appeared.  At  first 
the  works  on  genealogy  relateil  to  rulers,  as  kings,  princes,  etc.,  and  to  the 
foremost  families  of  "noble  birth."  Afterwanls  all  families  of  "noble 
blood"  as  well  as  those  that  attaiTied  to  social  or  political  distinction,  MertJ 
treated  by  genealogists.  But  it  is  only  witliiii  a  very  recent  period  that  at- 
tempts ha\e  been  made  to  trace  the  ancestry  of  the  common  people— the 
farmers,  the  mt>cluuucs,  the  jirofessional  men.  the  business  men,  and  the 
laboring  niiMi  in  gmnral, — among  whom  is  to  be  found  the  really  noble 
blood  of  our  great  Keiiublic. 

As  an  aid  to  genealogical  researidi  in  our  country  a  number  of  hislorical 
and  genealogical  societies  iiave  been  formed.  One  of  these,  "The  New 
England  Historical  ami  Genealogical  Society,"  has  done  muidi  towards  the 
compilation  and  preservation  of  the  genealogies  of  the  principal  families 
of  New  England. 

"The  Pcnnsyl\aiiia-(.!erman  Society"  is  n(d)ly  doing  and  encouraging  a 
similar  \\ork  in  t'le  case  of  the  rennsvlvania-Germans,   the  great   frontiers- 


G  EKE  A  LOGY.  2:J5 

men  of  Pounsylvaiiia  civilization,  who  received  the  treacliercms  blow  of  tlie 
Indian 's  tonialiavvk  so  tliat  the  lustoriau  can  record  the  fact  that  the  Indians 
never  shed  a  drop  of  Quaker  lileod.  For  let  it  lie  reniend)ered  that  these 
thrifty,  sturdy  Peniisylvania-tiernians.  v\ho  se'.tled  around  the  Quakers,  made 
possible  the  beautiful  fact  of  the  Ijloodless  Quaker-Indian  verbal  agreement. 

County  and  loc;il  historical  societies  are  also  rendering  great  service  iu 
this  direction. 

A  number  of  books  have  been  published  on  the  subject  of  American  gene- 
alogy. Among  them  may  be  mem, ioned  Ilolgate's  American  Genealogy, 
Whitmore's  American  (a^ncalogy,  and  Webster's  Genealogy;  also  Dr.  Eglo's 
Notes  ami  Queries,  comprising  twelve  volumes  of  historical,  reminiscent  and 
genealogieal  information  relating  chiefly  to  the  southeastern  fourth  of  Penn- 
sylvania, as  be.aring  uiicn  the  Sco'.cii-Irish  and  German  settlers  and  their 
descendants.  There  are  also  a  few  local  newspapers  devoting  a  column  or 
two  to  the  worthy  (dijtvt  of  gathering  and  preserving  historieal  and  gene- 
alogical material.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  many  more  are  not  engaged  iu 
this  praiseworthy  and  noble  cause.  Every  county  should  have  a  [laper  of 
this  kind. 

In  regard  to  the  Pennsylvania-Germans,  the  early  records  are  generally 
very  meagre;  and  that  is  jiroliably  one  reason  why  so  lifle  has  been  done 
in  the  direction  of  preserving  family  genealogies.  However,  it  is  not  too 
late  for  every  one  to  lend  a  helping  hand  and  to  do  as  much  as  time  and 
means  will  {x-rmit.  It  is  really  a  pleasant  du'y  we  owe  to  the  memory  of  a 
patient,  revered  and  pious  ancestry;  and  if  we  care  anything  for  our  fore- 
fathers who  patiently  braved  the  trials  and  hardships  of  the  wilderness  and 
who  fitted  up  homes  in  the  forests,  meadows,  hills  ami  valleys  so  that  their 
descendants  can  live  in  peace  and  security,  the  gathering  and  preserving  of 
\Vhat  records  there  are,  is  a  matter  worthy  of  our  most  earnest  and  fdial  con- 
sideration. T^r.  A.   Grlber. 

Washington,  D.  C.,  July,  1902. 


PENN'A-GERMAN    HEROES   BURIED   IN    NEW 
YORK   TRINITY   CHURCHYARD 


Noble  Appeal  of  J.  Barnitz    Bacon,  Asking  for  the   Repeai  of  the  Ordinance   Relative  to  the 
Extension  of  a  Street  Through  the  Hallowed  Spot— Important  Facts  of  History 

Note  1!>  of  the  "Spangler  Annals."  From  the  People's  Advocate  (York) 
PVbruary  21,  1>!.3-L 
"The  project  of  opening  a  new  street  through  the  cemetery  attached  to 
Trinity  Uiurch,  New  York,  and  the  consequent  disturbance 'of  the  dead, 
has  sent  a  shudder  through  the  entire  country.  All  are  interested  in  pre- 
.serving  the  graves  of  kindred  and  friends  inviolate.  The  following  ap- 
peal to  the  Common  Council  of  New  York  City  was  published  in  the'^New 
York  Herald,  and  was  written  by  .Jacol)  P..  P>:"icon,  Esq.,  a  son  of  the  late 
Kev.  8anuiel  Bacon,  of  tliis  placr,  nud  a  grandson  of  the  late  .lacob  Barnitz, 
Esq.      Ir   possesses  consideral.le  ln,-al   interest,   and   is  worthy  of   perusal; 


236  THE  PENXSYLIAXIA  GEKilAX. 

*  To  tlio  lluiioialjlf,  tlie  ('i;niniun  CuuiiL-il  cf  tiio  City  of  New  York: 

The  unik'isi^ned  respeirtt'iilly  joins  in  tlio  prayer  ot'  many  of  liis  follow - 
citizens  to  your  lumorable  body,  askino;  for  the  repeal  ef  tlie  ordiiianee  of 
the  late  Crnnnon  CoiUKil  relative  to  the  extension  of  Aliiany  street  tlirough 
Trinity  Chiirehyanl. 

In  support  of  his'  juisition,  the  undersigned  begs  leave  to  present  the 
following  facts  ci  nnected  ■\\itli  our  Kevolutionary  liistory: 

Among  the  earliest  of  the  patriotic  siurits  who  marclied  from  their  homes 
to  defend  tlie  City  of  New  York  against  the  armies  of  Great  Britain  in 
177G,  were  the  regiments  contrJi>uted  liy  tlie  counties  of  York  anil  lianeaster. 
in  Pennsylvania.  They  were  composed  entirely  of' young  men,  tlie  majoritv 
of  them  of  German  descent,  and  animated  by  that  hatred  of  oppression  and 
enihusiasm  in  the  cause  of  freedom,  uhich  distinguish  their  race  at  the 
present  day. 

Five  regiments  marched  from  the  county  of  York  to  New  Jersey,  in  Julv. 
1776,  and  of  thc^se  two  were  detached  to  form  part  of  the  "  tlying  camp" 
— a  corps  of  lO.UOO  men,  voted  by  Congress  on  June  o,  1776.  These  two 
regiments  were  stationed  in  the  vicinity  of  the  ('ity  of  New  York.  A  por- 
tion of  them  were  killed  or  taken  prisoners  at  the  battle  of  Brooklvu  Heights, 
and  the  balance  either  fell  on  the  field  of  battle  at  the  taking  of  Fort 
^Vashington,  on  the  16th  of  Xnvember,  1776.  or  were  oajdured  on  that  dis- 
astrous occasnon,  and  marched  down  to  the  city.  Here  thev.  in  common 
with  thousands  of  their  fellow-j>atriots,  sutfered  unheard  of  cruedties  in 
the  prisons  and  sugar  bouses   of  Xe\Y   York. 

The  regiment  of  Colonel  Michael  Swoupe,  cunsisting  of  eight  companies, 
suffered  severely  at  I'ort  Washington.  Death  on  the  field  or  by  wounds,  or 
from  horrors  of  the  prisons,  left  but  few  to  return  to  the  green  hills  of 
the  Codorus. 

Ensign  and  Adjutant  Barnitz  of  this  regiment,  tluii  but  eighteen  years 
old,  fell  at  Fort  Washington  with  a  muske^t  bullet  in  each  leg.  Being  carried 
to  the  city  prisons  with  the  survivors  of  his  regiment,  he  was  soon  after- 
ward removed  to  comfortable  quarters  in  the  old  house  fornierlv  standing 
at  Xo.  9  Bowery,  in  consecjuence  of  the  severity  of  his  wounds,  and  at  the 
intercession  of  an  old  family  friend — i\[ajor  General  William  Alexander, 
Lord  Stirling,  who  was  then  also  a  prisoner,  having  been  shortly  before 
captured  on  Long  Island.  Adjutant  Barnitz  here  lay  with  unhealed  wounds 
for  fifteen  months;  bur  during  that  time  he  was  not  insensible  to  the  srill 
greater  su ft" erings  of  his  companions-  in  arms  and  with  the  help  of  the 
noble-hearted,  otlicer  just  mentioned,  he  was  enabled  to  alleviate  their  cap- 
tivity and  to  care  for  their  remains  when  dead, 
_  Being  generally  of  the  Lutheran  faith,  the  grav.-yard  of  that  denomina- 
tion, adjoining  the  Trinity  Church  (subsequently  the  site  of  Grace  Church) 
would  liave  lieen  their  ai.propriate  Inirying  phu-e,  but  the  church  had  been 
destroyed  in  the  cenflagration  which  occurred  shortly  after  the  occupation 
of  the  city  by  the  British  army,  ami  the  burial  ground  was  unprotected. 

A  successful  effort  was  therefore  made  to  olitain  a  place  of  sejuilture  in 
Trinity  Churchyard.  Adjutant  Barnitz  was  attached  to  Captain  Christian 
Stake's  company,  of  Swoope's  ReginuMit,  composed  of  young  men  of  the 
best  families  of  the  town  of  York.  To  these  more  particularh%  as  being  his 
more  immediate  comrades,  such  care  as  he  could  afl'ord  was  given. 

^Of  this  company  tji,-  t\.!l,.uing  were  brri^d  in  The  northwt'stern  portion 
of   the  grounds,   at    that   time  bordering  on    the   water,   viz:    Sen'-eant  Peter 


HKHOKS  BVUIKD  AT  XKU'  YOUK.  237 

llaak;  Hei-geaiit  Juhii  Jlieks,  Privates  ]lu;^li  Doliliins,  l[onrv  lloft',  David 
Parker,  anJ  probably  one  or  two  others'.  Captain  M  'Carter,  (of  Colonel 
KicharJ  M'AUister's  Ileyimeiit,  I'roiii  the  samo  county),  i.liei.1  of  woumls 
received  at  Fort  Wasliington,  and  was  ah^o  buried  at  Trinity  gra\eyard. 
■  It  may  be  proper  to  state  that  these  facts  are  derived  partly  from  the 
History  of  the  County  of  York,  by  A.  J.  Clossbreuner,  Esq.,  (now  Sergeant- 
at-Arms  of  the  House  of  Keprescntalives  of  the  United  States)  and  partly 
from  the  papers  and  reminiscences  of  the  old  veterans  who,  in  the  winter, 
were  wont  to  relate  the  stores  of  their  battles,  and  each  "to  shoulder  bis 
staff  and  show   how  fields  were  won. ' ' 

To  the  soldier,  the  last  resting  place  of  his  comrade  is  conseerated  by  the 
memory  of  the  trials,  the  conflicts,  the  sacrifices,  and  the  sufl'erings  which 
they  have,  shoulder  to  shoulder,  encountered.  lie  feels  that  his  honor  rests 
by  that  mound  of  earth,  and  must  guard  it  from  violation  while  life  shall 
last.  He  bequeaths  its  care  to  his  countrymen  as  a  place  of  sacred  mem- 
ories, and  never  for  a  moment  dreams  that  future  years  may  bring  spoilers 
of  the  tomb,  who  will  forget  their  duty  to  the  blood  which  cemented  the 
foundations  of  the  republic. 

The  Mexican  war  was  jirolillc  in  instances  where  those  who  fell  were  ex- 
humed by  cammittees  sent  by  their  surviving  comrades,  and  reireiveil  a 
soldier's  burial  at  home. 

Permit  me  to  relate  a  fact  in  this  connection: 

At  the  call  for  volunteers  for  the  ^Mexican  War,  William  Eurich  marched 
with  his  company  from  the  town  of  York,  and  joined  the  Pennsylvania 
regiment.  In  the  battle  Avhich  occurred  before  the  walls  of  Puebla,  Eurich, 
■with  others  of  his  comiiany,  having  charged  close  up  to  the  Mexican  lines, 
saw  his  friend  and  comrade  shot  dead  l>y  his  side.  A  superior  force  com- 
pelled them  to  retreat,  but  Eurich  paused,  and  shouldering  his  friend's  body, 
was  bearing  it  off  to  a  place  of  safe  sepulture,  when  a  ball  struck  him,  and 
the  brave  fellow  sank  in  death  by  the  body  of  his  much  loved  friend.  Eurich 
was  a  grandson  of  ^lichael  Eurich,  one  of  the  captured  soldiers  of  Fort 
Washington. 

Shall  the  stern  heart  and  rough  nature  of  a  soldier  beat  with  so  hallowed 

a  feeling,  and  shall  the  citizen,  the  merchant,  and  the  legislator-repudiate  it? 

Shall  it  be  said  that  the  city  of  New  York  desecrates  the  graves  of  lier 

defenders,  ami,  at  the  biddin;;  of  the  money  god,  scatter  to   the  winds  the 

ashes  of  the  soldiers  of  liberty? 

These  patriot  soldiers  who  now  repose  in  the  churchyard  of  Trinity,  died 
far  from  friends  and  home.  They  laid  down  their  lives  in  their  youth. 
They  left  no  sons  to  speak  for  them.  Their  silent  dust  cannot  plead  to 
you  for  rest. 

It  therefore  becomes  my  duty  and  privilege  to  aihlress  you. 
I  was  born  where  they  were   born.     Tlieir  friends  were  my  friends,  and 
my  early   days  were   familiar  with   the  green   hills   which   they  last  looked 
upon  when  they  marched  to  defend  your  city. 

My  earnest  petition  to  tiie  Common  Co  lueil  of  the  City  of  New  York  is, 
that  the  remains  of  those  martyrs  of  our  independence  may  be  left  in  peace 
in  the  graves  where  their  comrades  laid  them.  Respectfully, 

J.  Barxitz  Bacox. 


BOOK 


m 


V-t/fc 


NOTICES 


The  Spengler  Families. 

WITH  LOCAL  IlLsTuiaCAL  SKETCHES. 

11.50— 1S96. 


This  is  a  vdluniinous  work  on  the  annals 
of  the  fdur  Spengler  families,  whose  an- 
cestors,    ('asper.     Henry,     Baltzer     an.l 
George,  settled  in  York  ouiintv.  Pa.,  re- 
spectively in  1729,  1732,  1732  and  1751.     We  have  seen  many  familv  histories. 
bnt  never  any  one  that  excels  this  in  completeness  of  research,  scope  of  in- 
vestigation, clearness  of  presentation  and  medianical  attrac  iveness  of  publi- 
cation.    To  an  outsider  it  seems  to  lack  nodiing.     Its  author  has  gone  awav 
hack  to  tirst  souvet-s  and  traced  the  geneahigi^al  streandK   from  its  (iernuin 
springs  to  tiie  present  sweeping  American  ricer.  recpiiring  a  i-onderous  quarto 
of  many  pages  to  give  it  only  a  fair  outline  sounding.     When  we  look  at  the 
<^normous  work   it  must  have  involved,  we  wonder  that  its  author  is  not  an 
incurable  insalid  or  hopelessly  insane  instead  of  the  burlv,  able-bodied    w.il- 
poised  and  brilliant  lawyer  that  daily  helps  to  ad.l  to  tlie  Vencwn  of  ;he'  York 
bar.     But  if  the  Spengler  descen.jants  in  all  parts  of  America  do  net  n<.w 
patronize  his  successful  efforts  and  hereafter  ercx-t  a  memorial  to  his  honor 
on    one  of   the  most   conspicuous   spots   of   "Little   York,"   thev   should    be 
disinherited  of  their  share  of  the  glory  of  tlieir  fair  familv  name    and  ban- 
ished back  to  Germany.     Talk  about  price!      Five  dollars  "is  a  pittance  for 
such  a  work!      Twenty  tinu^s  live,  every  worthy  and  able-bodie.l  son  of   this 
stock  should  be  willing  to  pay  to  preserve  such  invaluable  annals  and  to  have 
been  saved  the  Herculean  task  of  gathering,  arranging  and  composin.^  the 
naterial  himself.     Better,  and  more  valuable  than  a  grandfather's  clock  or 
any  other  heirloom  that  might  have  descended  from  one  of  these  pioneer  an- 
cestors, must   prove  a  copy  of  this  book,  wherever   tlie  present   and  comin^ 
generations    n-ay    take    up    their    abode.       The    book    contains    about    1^5 
Illustrations.   an,l   is  well   indexed  genealogically  and   historicallv.      Besides 
2.32  large  quarto  pages  devoted  to   family  historv.   with  complete  tables  of 
descendants,  intermarriages,  etc.,  etc..   almost   4n0  more  pages  are   .levoted 
to  historical  niemorabilia   covering  mostly   their  American  historv  and  con- 
temporaneous local  events  about  York,  of  the  most  intense  interest  and  of 
unt.dd  value  to  ;he  historian.     The  first  e-lition  being  exhausted,  a  new  edi- 
tion is  now  ready  and  copies  may  be  had  for  $.1,  from  the  author    Edw    W 
Spangler,  Esq.,  of  A'ork,  Pa. 

This  is  the  latest  issue  of  the  Lutheran  Hand 
Book  Scries,  published  by  the  Lutheran  Pub- 
lication Society  of  Philadelphia,  one  of  the 
"lost  e.xcellent  conceptions  of  this  Board  of 
Publication.  The  vohnnes  are  han.ly,  printing  neat,  themes  tlie  biographical 
cornerstones  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  and  treatn.ent  concise  vet  intensely 
clear  and  intorcsting.  This  last  number  cculd  not  be  ex-^cllod,  its  aiith.^r- 
ship  having  b.-n  committal  into  most  excellent  ha.,,1..  Dr  Prick  Ins  ^i 
Strong,  clei.r  and  graphic  style,  a  vivid  nnagi„i,t.on,  an  enthusiastic  love  for 
his  Church  and  was  in  possession  of  a  fount  of  original  information  to  draw 


Henry  Melchior  Muhlenberg, 

BY 
KEV.  Wit.  K.  FRRK.  D.D. 


BOOK  XOTJCKS. 


239 


that  make,  the  .ul,,.,.t  hve  over  again  his  ..ventful  a,„l  .,u-eessful  life.     We 

read  u,  h.s  AnH.vn-an  "..har.e,"  and  .j.,nrnev  with  l„n,  a.-n.ss  tile  .UnL 
sea  and  , .-,.,.  ,„.  n,any  and  l.,n^  tnps  through  ]>..nn  V  fo.vs  s  an,l  h.vond  in 
the  .lantmg  and  eare  uf  the  Anuriean  Lnth-ran  Chnr.l,.  Wo  si-d,  for  hin, 
^n  us  earlier  dise.n.ragen.ent.  l.nt  adn.ire  his  .eal.  .  ,sd.,n,;  p^Uiln^  !;:; 
piety  „u,re  than  ever,  as  through  this  •  •  Wiuduw  in  Thrnnus"  ^ve  get  a  rdearer 
Vis..,n  ot  h:s  noMe  s.ul.  Every  Pennsyhania-Gernnn.  interested  in  the  c.d- 
on.al  h,s;ury  ot  ,.ur  State,  every  student  „f  our  early  .-ivil  and  e,-,desiasti,>al 
cTT  T  v''"'-':'"^'  "'"'>-  -^'-"■'•i--  ra,tl,eran,  young  or  ohl,  English. 
Cernian.  Scandinavian.  Danisl,,  Swede  er  Dut.d,.  sluudd  read  this  book  If 
our  young  novel  r-aders  would  lay  aside  nine-ten.hs  of  the  trash  now  oflered 

guate  t  aetors    they  and  our  country  would  he  the  beter  for  it.     Pp    "oo- 
40  cents.     Lutheran  Publication  S,  ciety.  14.'4   Arch  St.,  Piiiladelphia  ' 

"Drauss  un  Deheeni."  ^'"'^  <-ollection   of   iMienis   ia   the   Pennsyl- 

POEMSix  FKX.vsYLVAXiA-nEiarAx,  ^^''^i'Y^'^'i'"''""'   dialect   takes  its  tille  from 
BY  CHARLts  c.  ziKGLKTi.  ^'"^   ^''^^    ^"''   included,    wiiii-ji    we   give    in 

nnnv  re-nl.r^  1  r      i   •  "  ^'"^^i'-  Oeins"  of  tiiis  munber.  Doubtless 

tionie       \un   Erush   Galley,"   Center   countv,    Pa      f„r   St     louis     AFn       Ti 

ooklet  is  beautifully  printed  and  bound  by  a  E^ipslg   fin,!  ^   ^vi^te,    ^ 
189^,  and  contains  quite  an  array  of  ,neritori„us  original  etlusi,!ns.     ^gc  !,^  ■ 
^  th   a    number   ot    translaticm.   from    tl>e  choice   lyrics   of   Longfellow   and 
B     ant.     It   contains  31   small  quarto   pages  and.   while   price   i:  not   given 
.lls^f.  a^ut  30  cents  by  the  author.     Care  of  Americal.  Brake  Con:ir; 

Luther,  Zinzendorf,  Wesley  "^'"^  brochure  is  the  outcome  of  a  paper  by 

BY  '  'he  author,  read  before  the  York  Ministerial 

KEV.  p.  AXSTADT.  D.D.  Association,  being  an  account  of  the  eonver- 

„,..     T>     .  ^  ^^°"  ^^  •"^•^'"1  Weslev  througli  hearing  I  uth- 

po     ",    ;"1       ,    r"""",'  """"  ""  ""  •'"'■"""-■  "'  I'-'l-'-a.ion,  with 

Schlaraffiode.  ^.^'^^  '^  ^  eoUection  of  tierman  p(,c„is  of  some  imagina- 

vox  *';'^  =^"'^  I'lunorous  writer,  whose  nom-,1e-[,lume  is  here 

HiE.VRius  AXTHUoros  ■^'^'*'"-  '"^'^  ^^''"'  ""'^^'i"  ^''^^  i^arb  of  :\[eister  Urian  and 

destinvof  H,.  n  ^^'''    "^^^^"^'''^    I'-'T^^e     of    discovering    origin     and 

o±  Lazybones,  uhose  wisdom  he  sutlers  himself  to  hear,  but  burlesques  it 
ami  .n  irectly,  much  of  the  spurious  philosophy  of  the  dav.  in  a  verv  i  ' 
oal  and  menton.us  way.  This  ,ourney  is  made  in  nin.  "stages  .o^^r^  by 
so  many  cnapters.   ^^idch  makes  a   booklet  rf   -•>   ,  i'  '"^^''   ^^ 


-^    ^ 


LITERARY    NOTES 


-^    -^ 


Tlie  initial  miiiiber  of  the  The  New  lira  for  Deconibcrj  (the  excellent  il- 
lustrated monthly  published  by  Henry  T.  Coates  &  Co.,  Philadclpliia)  opens 
with  a  copiously  illustrated  article  on  suniniering  in  winter,  that  brings  our 
own  Southland  with  its'  continental  and  island  ports  and  domestic  life  so 
vividly  before  ils  readers  that  one  is  tempted  to  run  away  from  his  winter 
work  in  the  north  and  bask  in  the  cheering  sunlight  and  play  in  the  lazy 
sands  of  these  Southern  climes.  The  number  is  chuck  full  of  iu'.erest  and  the 
magazine  is  getting  better  than  ever. 

Miss  Maude  Roosevelt  offers  three  very  valid  claims  to  attention  this 
month.  Slie  is,  first  of  all,  a  cousin  of  the  I'resident,  and  has  won  repute 
as  an  able  actress;  secondly,  she  may  sign  lierself  liy  the  sounding  German 
title — Baroness  Mumm  von  Schwar/.enstein,  and  lastly,  she  has  written  as 
takable  a  society  novel  as  any  of  recent  years.  The  novel  is  called  "The 
Price  of  Fame,''  ;\ud  appears'  in  full  in  the  December — Christmas- — number 
of  Lippincott  's  Magazine. 

Christmas  thoughts  dwell  on  hearty  fare,  and  hence  there  will  be  many 
readers  of  Mrs.  E.  S.  Bladen  's  toothsome  paper  on  * '  Dinners  of  Fifty  Years 
Ago"  in  the  December  Lippincott. 


The  Comtaxion  's  Christmas  Packet.—  Can  you  think  of  a  gift  more 
certain  to  be  accei)table  than  a  year's  subscription  to  The  Youth's  Com- 
panion? Is  there  any  one,  young  or  old,  who,  having  once  had  the  paper  in 
his  hands  and  lookevl  through  it.  did  not  wish  to  possess  it  for  his  very  own? 
It  is  a  gift  which,  far  from  losing  its  freshness  as  Christmas  recedes  into  the 
past,  grows  more  delightful,  more  necessary  to  one's  enjoyment  week  by 
week.  If  you  wish  to  make  a  Christmas  present  of  The  Youth  's  Companion, 
send  the  publishers  the  name  and  address  of  the  person  to  whom  you  wish 
to  give  The  Companion,  with  $1.75,  the  annual  subscription  price.  They 
V  ill  send  to  the  address  named  The  Companion  's  Christmas  Packet,  all  ready 
for  Christmas  morning,  containing  the  Christmas  number,  The  Companion 
Calendar  for  1903,  lithographed  in  twelve  colors  and  gold,  and  subscription 
certificate  for  the  fifty-two  issues  of  1903.  Full  illustrated  announcement  of 
the  new  volume  for  1903  will  be  sent  witli  sample  copies  of  the  paper  to  any 
address  free.     The  Youth's  Companion,  141:  Berkeley  street,  Boston,  MasB. 


■■"■-J  v.,< 


Eev.  Paul  Ileukel. 

241,  242 

Famous  Pennsylvania-Germans 

Eev.   Gerhart  Henkel    243 

Leorihardt  Eieth    253 

Poetic   Gems    258 

Saur  Kraut. 

Hesse-Dahl. 

Oschtre. 

Mer  Wolla  Fischc  Geh. 

Der  Alt   Fiseherman. 

Es  Bodt  Alles  Xix. 
IIlSTOPaC  Pn.GRIMAGE3    265 

A  Town  and  County  of  the  Olden  Time 
— Historic  York,  Penn'a,   continued. 

Book  Notices    287 

LrrsKARY  Notes    288 


- .  '■••if?  '\. 

^  /  .«   /  .'  K    \ 

••..■/  «  ■■■-    -■■il  V  ■ ' >> 

;      ;,;  t"  »-  ■  ■-.,■*■  /<' 


>6- 


'/T 


It 


^-s' 


:-=" 


'^»>-. 


ii 


i- 


\ 


::<^" 


n  \ 


A 


REV.  PAUL  HENKEL 

1754-1825 


...THE... 

Pennsylvania -German 


KEV.    V.    C.    CKOLL,    A.M. 

K.litor  ari.l  Pui-IUhrr 


HKHBKRT    O.    CROLL 


T'lins;  Sl.Oii  prr  i/rar  in  adniiirp:  }l  •:.-,  afUr  thrir  laonlh^ 


Vol.  IV 


LEBANON,    PA..  APRIL,    1903 


No.  2 


;Knt^r.l  :.t  'M.-  I'.i-i-o 


Pa.,  n^  s.>ci.ii.i-r!;n^  VIA 


WHOM   IT   MAY   CONCERN 


^f^^HE  prnl.alnlitics  are  that  this  article  will  l)e  read  hy 
(/ jMi  S)  those  whom  it  does  not  directly  ci^ncern,  while  those 
>i>.v''y^>^  whom  it  does  concern  may  skip  its  perusal,  or  rea^ling 
*='^^p^  it,  fail  to  heed  it.  We  trust  it  may  he  otherwise.  Let 
a  minister  make  a  pointed  remark  in  his  sermon,  look- 
ing towards  immediate  and  personal  application  hy  a  certain  class 
of  his  flock,  the  chances  are  that  the  faithful  will  take  it  devoutly 
and  seriously  to  heart  and  liend  their  hest  energies  to  carry  the 
wish,  not  meant  f<jr  them,  into  effect;  while  the  depraved,  sleepy 
sinner  never  stirs  in  his  pew,  nor  gets  warm  under  his  vest.  The 
driver  of  a  six-horse  team  cracks  his  wdiip  to  waken  up  the  lazy 
shirk  under  the  saddle,  but  the  leailer  wdiich  has  already  worked 
himself  into  froth}-  foam,  will  grow  nervous,  jump  into  his  traces 
and  pull  as  if  he  meant  to  work  out  his  collar  that  day.  So  it  is 
when  an  Editor  calls  attention  in  general  terms  to  a  few  delin- 
quents. Can  any  one  whom  this  concerns  guess  why  this  para- 
graph is  written?  If  not  let  him  hunt  up  his  January  number  and 
consult  the  pink  insert. 


PENNSYLVANIA-GERMANS  IN   EVIDENCE 

Since  our  last  issue  th.ree  events  of  the  Keystone  State  ha\-e  at- 
tracted consideralde  attention.  One,  the  inauguration  of  a  new 
Governor:  another,  the  discussion  of  the  coal  controversy  :  and  a 
third,   the  discussit  n  of  the  public   school   advancement,   with   a 

241 


2-12  THE  PEWSYfA- A\IA-GERi(Ay. 

more  just  rcinuueration  of  the  teacher.  This  brought  three  men 
proniinently  l>efore  the  pu!)hc  eye,  viz:  Samuel  W.  rennypacker, 
George  F.  I'.aer  and  Nathan  C.  Schaet^'er.  We  are  hai)i)y  to 
number  all  three  among  our  full-bbKnled  race  kin  and  glad  to 
sav  all  are  sul)scril)ers  to  this  magazine. 


A  HINT 

If  any  of  my  readers  will  find  time  to  make  leisurelv  strolls  over 
ancient  Pennsylvania-German  burial  grounds  and  will  kindly  take 
the  trouble  to  make  a  brief  recdrd  of  such,  of  our  earl\-  stock  as 
tbey  find  sepultured  there,  and  send  same  in  to  our  sanctum,  it 
may  help  the  cause  of  genealogy  in  years  to  come.  Let  tomb- 
stone inscriptions  be  altbreviated  thus: 

Johannes  Schmidt. 

Son  of  Peter  and  Mary  Schmidt. 

b.  Alay  15,  1740. 

d.  January  2.  1815. 

Let  none  be  sent  born  later  than  1800.     .     . 


A  NOTED  HISTORL'\N  GONE. 

In  the  death  on  January  nth  of  Mr.  Henry  S.  Dotterer,  of  Phil- 
adelphia, the  cause  of  local  history,  especially  as  it  pertained  to 
our  Pennsylvania-German  life,  has  lost  one  of  its  most  scholarly 
and  faithful  devotees.  His  works  and  publications  will  not  let 
his  name  perish.  Had  he  lived  he  would  have  been  Governor 
Pennypacker's  private  secretary. 


Dauphin  County  mourns  the  loss  of  its  presiding  judge,  Hon. 
J.  W.  Simonton.  Lie  was  an  able  and  worthy  man.  The  cause 
of  local  history  lost  a  devout  friend.  His  place  as  President  of 
County  Historical  Society  is  filled  by  ^Ir.  J.  P.  Keller,  and  as 
Judge  by  M.  W.  Jacobs,  Esq. 


For  many  of  the  fine  cuts  wdiich  illustrate  the  article  on  York, 
Pa.,  we  are  imlebted  to  the  kindness  of  E.  W.  Spangler,  Esq., 
author  of  that  most  excellent  and  voluminous  work,  "The  Spang- 
ler Annals."     (See  Book  Notices  in  January  issue.) 


T 


REV.    GERHAF^T    HENKEL 

AND  HIS  DESCENDANTS 

BY  RKV.  A.  STAPLETOX,  A.M.,  M.S. 

HE  Opening  years  of  the  eighteenth  centur}'  were  full  of 
stirring  events,  and  fraught  with  momentous  consequences 
to  the  Germanic  States  contiguous  to  the  Rhine.  Alsace 
and  Lorraine  had  just  heen  seized  and  incorporated  into  the 
French  Empire  by  the  intolerant  and  despotic  Louis  XI\'.  'Ma.n- 
heim,  Spcyer  and  Heidelberg  had  been  sacked  and  partly  burned; 
and  the  field  of  Lindau  was  still  red  with  the  blood  of  Germans, 
shed  in  the  defense  of  their  very  existence,  and  the  best  terms 
possible  secured  by  the  Peace  of  Ryswyck  (1697),  were  far  from 
satisfactory.  Quite  unworthy  of  the  German  character  it  became 
the  -fashion  of  the  smaller  German  courts  to  ape  after  French 
manners  with  the  result  that  debaucherv  followed,  the  Protest- 
ant faith  was  subverted,  and  the  civil  and  religious  interests  of  the 
people  were  betrayed.  This  sad  condition  of  the  Palatinate  which 
precipitated  the  great  German  emigration  to  Pen.ns^lvania  v.as 
also  the  occasion,  in  an  aggravated  sense  of  the  coming  of  Rev. 
Gerhart  Henkel  to  the  New  \\'orld. 

The  importaitce  of  this  pioneer  in  the  history  of  the  Lutheran 
Church  in  America  is  just  beginning  to  ])C  realized.     About  one 

/y  hundred   years  ago.   -when 

^^^f^y^^:g^^^-1^r^^^2i-t^        Dr.     Solomon    Henkel.    a 
^  ^  \^irginia    descendant,    and 

his  brother  Amlirose,  the  printer,  sojourne  1  in  Pliilailelphia,  they 
became  acquainted  with  a  granddaughter  of  the  exile  who  had  in 
her  possession  the  diary  and  some  manuscripts  of  her  grandfather, 
besides  some  of  the  family  plate.  She  presented  Ambrose  with  a 
silver  plate  and  spoon.  On  the  latter  are  stamped  the  arms  of 
the  city  of  Frankfort,  and  the  date  kSS;,  the  date  of  the  pioneer's 
marriage. 

The  Henkel  bnthers  had  access  to  the  dia.'-\-  of  tlieir  ancestor 

245 


244  TJIi:  J'JLW.^YL  \AMA(lJ:iiM  A  X. 

but  did  nut  then  realize  its  iniimrtance  in  cluci.latin^-  the  family 
history,  and  strange  to  say  failed  to  preserve  the  name  of  the 
granddaughter  to  posterity  which  makes  tlie  rescue  of  the  precious 
records  hopeless,  l-'rrmi  the  foregoing  source,  besides  the  Halle 
Rejiorts  ("Hallische  Xachrichten";,  and  the  data  preserved  in  the 
Geiger  branch  of  the  family  the  following  facts  concerning  Ger- 
hart  Ilenkcl  are  gathered. 

The  lienkel  family  belongs  to  the  nobility  of  Germany,  as  may 
be  seen  in  any  German  armorial  work.  There  are  two  branches: 
the  Counts.  lienkel  von  Donnennark,  who  were  elevated  to  the 
rank  of  Princes  of  the  lunjiire  in  1900  by  the  Emperor  Wilhelm. 
and  the  Coun.ts,  Henkel  von  Poltzeig.  From  the  latter  branch 
the  pioneer  Rev.  Gerhart  Henkel  came,  tie  was  a  descendant  of 
Dr.  Johann  Henkel.  I ).]).,  LL.D.,  of  Lcutschau.  that  old  strong- 
hold of  Ltitheranism  in  Hur:gar_\".  At  the  open.ing  of  the  Refor- 
mation the  Royal  Court  of  Hungary  was  not  averse  to  tlie  dawn- 
ing light.  The  Court  was  in  correspondence  with  the  great  Re- 
former, Alartin  Luther,  on  the  subject  of  procuring  a  suitable 
exponent  of  Evangelical  truth.  On  Luther's  recommendation 
Dr.  Johann  Henkel  was  appointed  Court  preacher  to  Louis  H.. 
of  that  kingdom.  About  this  time  began  that  strange  series  of 
national  disaster  liy  which  the  Reformation  in  Hungary  was 
checked  and  her  national  independence  lost. 

On  August  29.  1526.  a  Turkish  army  of  200.000  men  led  by  the 
Sultan  Solini.an,  invaded  Hungary.  Against  this  great  array 
King  Ludwig  advanced  with  his  small  army  of  26.000  nien.  The 
hostiles  met  on  August  29  at  the  town  of  ]\L>hacs.  In  this  en- 
gagement the  Hungarian  ai'my  was  routed.  The  king  was  slain, 
and  many  of  his  church  dignitaries,  and  dire  disaster  ensued.  Dr. 
Henkel  remained  as  the  Confessor  to  Queen  ]\Lirie,  the  widow  of 
King  Ludwig  H.  for  man}-  \-ears,  and  was  the  author  of  several 
theological  books.  The  Henkel  family  of  the  Poltzig  branch 
were  very  prominent  in  the  early  days  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 
It  is  said  that  one  of  the  name  tigures  in  the  promulgation  of  the 
Augsburg  Confession.  Thc_\-  were  aiuong  the  chief  supports 
of  the  celebrated  Aug.  Herman  Francke  (1663-1727),  the  founder 
of  the  great  orphanage  and  missionary  institute  at  Flalle.  It  will 
be  recalled  that  it  was  un.ler  the  auspices  of  this  institute  that 
Dr.  1[.  'M.  ^Fuehlen  lerg,  the  organizer  of  the  Lutheran  Church 


REV.  GiJh'ifAirr  jij:\ki:l.  245 

in  America  was  educated  and,  sent  here.  Dr.  Gerhart  ITenkers 
birthplace  is  unknown.  He  received  a  thorouj^h  the()loyical  train- 
mg-.  and  in  February,  1692,  \vas  ordained  to  the  oftice  of  the 
Lutheran  niinistrw 

Sonic  }ears  prior  to  his  coming-  to  America  he  became  Court 
preacher  to  one  of  the  lesser  nobilit}-  in  the  vicinity  of  Frankfort- 
on-the-Main.  The  immediate  occasion  of  Henkers  coming  to 
America  was  as  follows  : 

The  Court  to  which  he  was  attached  was  very  profligate  and 
corrupt,  and  true  to  the  faith  of  hi-  fathers,  and  with  unflinching 
fidelity  to  duty  Ilenkel  denounced  the  iniquities  of  the  Court  in  a 
public  service,  whereupon  the  prince  who  was  present,  raised  hi? 
finger  in  a  menacing  manner,  and  by  his  looks  betraved  his  anger 
at  his  chai)lain.  Henkel  knowing  that  he  had  forfeited  the  favor 
of  the  Prince  immediately  resigned.  The  statement-  that  he  was 
chaplain  to  Duke  ^loritz,  of  Saxony,  "who  becoming  a  Catholic, 
exiled  him.'*  is  therefore  not  contradicted  b\-  the  foregoing  state- 
ment. The  expulsiLin  of  Henkel  occurred  in  1716,  at  which  time 
he  was  well  along  in  years.  In  1717  he  came  to  America  with  his 
entire  family  of  seven  adult  children,  several  of  whom  were 
married. 

The  statement  of  Dr.  Ratterman  in  •T)eutsche  Pioneer"'  (18S0), ' 
that  Henkel  came  to  Mrginia  in  1717  and  lived  there  in  1735  is 
quite  erroneous.  After  many  great  trials  and  vicissitudes  the 
party  arrived  in  Pennsylvania  and  proceerled  to  the  Falckner 
Swamp  in  (now  )  Montgomery  cijunty,  where  they  located  on'the 
Frankfort  Land  Company's  Tract.  In  the  spring  of  17 iS  Hein- 
drick  Pannebacker  (the  ancestor  of  Governor  S.  W.  Pennv- 
packer).  surveyed  250  acres  each  for  Anthuny  Henkel,  one  of  the 
sons  of  the  pioneer,  and  Wak'ntiiie  Geiger,  a  son-in-law.  The 
father,  Gerhart  Henkel,  lived  a  few  miles  farther  west,  in  Cole- 
brookdale. 

IIKXKEL   A.S    A    PIOXEFR    rRF.ACHIiR. 

When  Henkel  arrived  there  were  only  two  or  three  other  Ger- 
man Lutheran  ministers  in  the  Province,  and  with  the  exception 
of  occasional  visits  from  the  Swedish  pastors  of  ^lolatton  on  the 

•Vido:    '•I.iithir:'.n  C\  cl.'pafjia."  p.  210. 


240 


Tin:  I'KxxsYLVAM  \-ai:h']f.\\. 


Schuylkill,  the  German  inimigrants  were  until  now,  almost  desti- 
tute of  ministerial  service. 

With  the  advent  uf  the  Henkel  family  a  new  chapter  opens  in 
the  history  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in  America,  as  the  first  church 
of  German  origin,  having  a  cc)ntinu(^us  existence  was  organized 
by  them  in  the  Swamp  quite  soon  after  their  arrival. 

There  is  a  tradition  not  authenticated  to  our  satisfaction,  that 
the  Genp.an  Lutherans  ha.l  a  small  house  of  worship  in  the 
Swamp  as  early  as  1704.  We  cannot  in  this  brief  article  give  our 
objections  to  this  claim,  hut  certain  it  is  that  the  present  Swamp 
church  which  is  recognixed  as  the  oldest  Lutheran  church  of  Ger- 
man origin  in  Amrica  dates  from  the  arrival  of  the  Henkel  party 
Family  tradition  has  it  that  Gerhart  IL-nkel  gathered  his  familv 
and  neighliors  into  a  congregation  upon  his  arrival  and  that  the'v 
erected  a  small  church. 

^^  This  tradition  is  fully  home  out  by  the  following  statement:- 
'1  he  Lutheran  people  near  the  Swamp  in  Xcw  Hanover  town- 
ship, m  1719.  having  associated  themselves  into  an  ecclesiastical 
community,  determined  to  purchase  a  piece  of  land  udiereon  thev 
might  erect  a  place  of  worship  and  a  grave  ^•ard  for  burvino-  their 
dead,  and  it  so  happened  that  John  Henrv  Sprogell,  one  of  their 
community  and  persuasion,  heing  at  that  time  possessed  of  a  lar-e 
quantity  ot  land  in  these  parts,  did  ^^•illinglv  make  a  true  Gift  and 
Donation  of  Fifty  acres  of  his  land,  appropriating  the  same  fnr  the 
use  and  behoof  of  the  said  Lutheran  communitv  f..rever.  request- 
ing the  said  Lutlieran  communitv  to  build  a  church  a  school 
house,  a  grave  yard  and  what  other  suitable  conveniences  the^- 
thought  proper.'"' 

This  land  was  surveyed  April  I7,i;i9,  hy  Henry  Pannebecker. 
and  the  societ\-  took  poscssion. 

The  church  was  soon  afterwards  begun  but  not  completed  until 
a  year  later.  It  is  a  family  tradition  that  when  the  church  was  in 
course  ot  erection  the  wife  of  Rev.  Gerhart  Henkel  pledged  her 
sdverware  for  the  payment  of  the  mechanics. 

The  ministerial  .-.perations  of  Gerhart  Henkel  emliraced  a  wide 
field.  He  is  recognized  by  some  authorities  as  the  founder  of  the 
Lutheran  church  in  Germantown  and  riiiladelphia,  and  was  prob- 

•Ju.';:r  rciiii.vi.ack.T.vi..tr.l  In  •Terki.-ni.'ii  n.M.'i..ii,"  V(.l.  1. 


REV.   GfUiHAUT  IfKXKEL.  '  247 

ably  the  tirst  to  minister  to  the  settlers  in  the  Oley  and  Mana- 
tawney  \^alle}S,  and  also  in  the  I'ulpehocken  region. 

Tilli  VAX   D(".Ri:X   AFFAIR. 

Gerhart  Henkel's  reputation  has  been  clouded  somewhat  by  a 
supposed  indiscreet  ordination  of  a  certain  \  an  Duren,  of  Rarltan, 
New  Jersey,  about  17.25.  The  essential  facts  in  the  case  are  as 
-  follows : 

This  man,  A'an  Duren,  who  was  the  cause  of  luuch  trouble  in 
ecclesiastical  circles,  came  froFii  Ihilland  to  Xew  \'i)vk  with  rec- 
ommendations with  a  view  to  the  ministry.  The  Church  author- 
ities of  Xew  York  refused  to  ordain  him  10  the  ministerial  oftice 
because  of  some  irregularity  in  his  life.  lie  next  applied  to  the 
Swedish  clergy  on  the  Delaware,  with  the  like  result.  Later  lie 
exercised  the  regular  functions  of  the  ministry  in  Xew  York  and 
New  Tersev,  claiming  that  Rev.  Gerhart  Henkel  had  ordained 
him.  This  provoked  a  bitter  controversy.  The  Swedish  pastors 
of  Pennsylvania  under  date  of  (.October  31,  1727.  protested  against 
the  ordination,  claiming  unwtTthiness  on  the  part  of  \'an  Doren, 
and  want  of  authority  on  the  part  of  Henkel.  The  situation'  is 
relieved  somewhat  by  the  statement  of  the  Swedish  pastor  of 
Molatton  on  the  Schuylkill,  who  asserts  that  Henkel  had  solemnly 
declared  to.  him  that  he  had  never  ordained  \'an  Dr«ren.* 

The  gist  of  the  controversv  was  published  in  pamphlet  form 
by  the  German  printer  J.  Peter  Zenger.  of  X'ew  York,  in  1728. 
The  published  accounts  we  have  of  the  character'  of  A'an  Doren 
are  not  favorable,  and  inasmuch  as  Henkel  disavowed  the  ordina- 
tion, and  the  question  becomes  one  of  veracity,  the  reader  is  left 
to  form  his  own  conclusions  in  the  matter. 

GERHART  HENKEL'S  DESCENDANTS. 

Rev.  Gevliavt  irc'nkol  was  Imi  alout  ICr^^.  inarric.l  in  lGs.'>,  aiul  (.litni 
about  17'.V2  in  eons'cqucnce  of  a  fall  fiv  ni  his  Imrso  at  Chestnut  Hill,  near 
Philadelphia.  lie  continued  to  exen-ise  his  ministerial  office  as  occasion 
afforded  to  the  tin^.e  of  his  death.  The  last  rocovd  we  have  of  any  of  b:3 
official  acts  was  the  baptism  of  Ji  lianncs  Kairsauer.  son  of  Dietrich,  172S, 
as  found  in  the  register  of  the  Trajipe  church.  In  the  baptismal  records 
of  Eev.  John  Ca-^per  Stoever  oc-curs  the  name  of  Gerhart   Henkel  and  wife 


'Vide:   •■nal'.i^cLe  Nacliricliti-ir'  X.  w  Kd-,  V..1.  1.  p 


--*S  •  Tllh:   I'lJWSVfA  A\i.[-<;/:r]IA\. 

as  sponsors  on  DtreniUr  10,  1733.  It  is.  huwevor.  a  fair  presumption  that 
this  was  the  ehlest  sou  of  tlie  pioneer. 

As  already  state.!,  the  family  of  (ierhart  Henkel  consisted  of  seven  chil- 
dren, four  sons  and  three  daughters  as-  follows: 

I.     Gerhart  Jr.,  whose  chil.Ireii  were:    (1)   Cvmu;,-;    (2)   John;    (3)   Maria 

Elisabetli,  ni.  John  Theobald  S.-hultz;    (4)    Susanna,  m.  Leisou;    (.j) 

Anna  :N[aria,  m.  John  George  Yunt. 

n.  Justus  (^'cst).  Tiiis  son  tdok  up  laud  in  Pennsylvania,  but  aban- 
doned it  i.rinr  to  1740,  and  renrnved  to  (nnw)  Rowan  county,  X.irth  Caro- 
lina. When  the  French  and  Indian  War  broke  out  he  removed  to  Virginia 
for  safety.     His  posterity  throughout   the  South   and   West   are  "legion." 

His  children  were:    (1)   IVIary,  ni.  Ells-^vorth;    (-2)   .Jacob,  of  Hardv 

county,  Virginia,  of  \y\u  m  presently;    (3)   Rebecca,  w.  ,,f  Raul  Teater;    (4*) 

Catharine,  m.  to •  Bitfel;    (.3)   Margaret,  m.  G,  o.  Teater;    (G)  ^^lagda- 

lene,   ni.   Skidmore;    (7)    Abraham;     (>)    Sunna,    m.    Peter    Tea'ter; 

(9)   Justus;    (10)    Hannah,  ni. Johnson;    (11)    Klisabeth.  ni.  ^ 

Pulman;    (12)   Isaac. 

III.  George,  the  third  son  of  the  })ioneer,  in  1737  enugrated  to  the 
"Monccacy  Settlement,"  near  (now)  Fredeviek  City.  }.[arylaiiil.  The  chil- 
dren were:  (1)  George,  b.  1734,  and  who  iu  1784  removetl  to  Allegheny 
county,  Maryland,  where  he  established  a  great  posterity;  (2)  John  Baltzer, 
b.  1737;  (3)  Philip  Christoph,  b.  1740;  (4)  Jacob,  and  (-1)  Margaret, 
ni. •  Smith. 

IV.  Anthony,  who  seems  to  have  been  married  prior  to  cominiT  to  Penn- 
sylvania. In  171S  he  purchased  2-30  ai-res  of  land  in  the  Swamp.  Later  he 
is  believed  to  have  removed  to  Genn;intown.  Children:  (1)  Anthonv  Jr.; 
(2)  John  Christopher,  of  Gerniantown;  f3)  Peter,  of  Chestnut  Flili,  who 
died  in  ISOl  leaving  a  large  family;  (4)  Charles,  of  Germantown;  (.3) 
:Michael;  (6)  Benjamin;  (7)  Philip,  died  in  Windsor  township,  Berks  county, 
1793.  In  his  will  he  says  he  is  "old  and  feeble  in  body."  He  left  a  large, 
estate  and  family.     (S)  Henry  of  Germantown. 

V.  Fredrica  ("Freka"),  was  b.  about  llJOO,  and  in  1715  m.  Valentine- 
Geiger.  and  bore  him  five  i-hiidren.  She  died  prior  to  1742.  and  Geiger  mar 
ried  ^Maria  Flisabeth,  the  daughter  of  an  unknown  clergyman,  with  whom 
he  had  four  childnn.  Valencine  Geiger  was  b.  IGn.j,  and  died  on  his  estate 
at  Xew  Hanover  in  17(i2.  He  was  the  pillar  of  t\v-  <dd  Swamp  church. 
Heniy  Meh-lioir  :»ruhlriiberg.  the  patriar.  li.  ,  liiriated  at  his  funeral  and 
prepared  a  fine  sketch  of  Ids  life  for  tlu  ,-hurrh  autln.rit'es  of  Hallo.' 
Valentine  ami  Freka  Hmkel  (ieigir  had  children:  [\)  Anthony,  h.  1717. 
married  174().  diod  17.3;]  in  New  Hanover;  (2)  Cliristophcr.  iii  1733.  m. 
Barbara,  tho  wj.low  of  his  brother  .\nthony,  aad  died  in  Robeson  town- 
ship, Berks  county.  Pennsyhania,  in  lS(i3.  leaving  a  large  posteritv;  (3) 
Valentine  Jr.,  tn.  in  1747.  Sarah  Whlatul.  a  wi<low;  (4)  ^^faria  Magilalena, 
b.  1720.  On  Man-h  10.  1747  she  m.  ,b.hn  Stapleton,  s,ui  of  Robert,  the  im- 
migrant   of    Oley.      They    had    two    children.    Maria    Klisabeth,    accidentallv 

Vide:  ••Hal!i'--clu'  Niiclirichten  ,'  I.,  p.  s:50. 


i'i:v.  (ri:un\in  iii:m<i:i,.  2-jo 

drowiiol  ill  ir.'f),  aiitl  J,  hi,  ,lr.,  b.  Sept.  ::9,  1751,  and  died  May  17,  IS-JO. 
He  served  as  First  Lieutenant  in  Captain  Cieorge  Foclit 's  comi.auy  of  tlie 
First  Battalion.  Berks  county  militia.  Colonel  Daniel  Iliuiter  commanding, 
and  served  in  the  X.\v  .Ter.sey  ami  ntlior  campaigns  in  1777- '7S.  He  m.  17sO, 
Rosina  .Aliller.  dau-hter  of  the  immigrant  John  William  :Miller.  of  Oley. 
They  had  one  son  who  married,  viz,  William  Sr.  (b.  17S1,  d.  1S49),  whose 
son  William  (b.  ]sl.>.  ,i.  Is99).  was  the  father  of  the  writer.  (.1)  Anna 
Barbara,  who  m.  at  Cermantown  in   17.",.-.,  George  Kast,  a  widower. 

^  1.  :N[ary,  the  second  daughter  of  the  pioneer,  was  married  to  Elias 
Kuhn. 

^  II.  Anna  Catharine,  youngest  child  of  the  pioneer,  was  married  prior  to 
17.37.  to  IVter  A^iple.  Prior  to  1740  they  removed  with  their  brother,  George 
Henkel,  to  the  "  .Monoeacy  Settlement,"  in  Maryland.  Peter  Apple  died  in 
1779,  and  his  wife  Catharine  in  17So.     They  left  an  honored  posterity. 

N'OTABLE.S    OF    TUF.    FAMIIA'. 

A  large  number  of  Gerhart  Henkel's  descendants  have  achieved  distinc- 
tion, among  them  the  iate  General  C.  P.  Ilenkel  and  Dr.  C.  C.  lleukel,  Divi- 
sion Surgeon  under  (ieneral  "Stonewall"  .lacksoii,  C.  S.  A.  Also  Prof. 
W.  D.  Henkel,  the  noted  mathematician.  Like  their  ancestor,  a  large  num- 
ber of  descendants  have  become  clergymen,  in  which  profession  some  have 
achieved  national  distinction. 

From  George  Henkel.  son  of  George,  of  Maryland,  comes  Eev.  George  B. 
Hinkel,  D.D.,  (b.  ISiis).  of  Keno,  Xevada,  and  his  brother,  Rev.  Richard 
Hinkel,  D.D.,  (b.  IS.jD).  liotli  of  whom  are  prominent  in  the  :\rethodist 
Episcopal  Church. 

The  most  remarkable  branch  of  the  family  is  that  of  Jacob,  son  of  Jus- 
tus (11,  2).  of  Hardy  county,  Virginia.  In  17.j3  he  was  married  to  Barbara 
Teeters,  of  Xorth  Carolina  l)y  whom  he  had  six  sons,  all  of  whom  were 
ministers,  five  were  Lutlieran  and  one  a  iMethodist.  They  were  Paul.  D.D.. 
(b.  17.)4,  d.  182.'.),  of  whom  presently.  iMoses.  the  Methodist,  of  whom 
presently.  Benjamin,  who  rests  uu.ler  the  pulpit  of  St.  John's  Lutheran 
churcli,  Rockingham  county,  Virginia.  Isaac,  who  also  labored  in  Rocking- 
ham county.  John,  who  rests  under  the  pulpit  of  Zion  Lutheran  church, 
in  Shenamloah  county,  Virginia,  and  Joseph. 

Of  the  foregoing  lirothers.  Moses  was  born  about  17G0  and  died  al)out 
1S30,  and  was  one  of  the  pioneer  Methodist  preachers  of  the  Scutli.  It  is 
related  that  upon  one  occasicui  his  brother  I'aul  came  to  hear  him  preach 
at  a  campmeeting,  whereupon  iNloses  asked  his  opinion  of  the  sermon,  and 
received  the  laconic  reply: 

"Sonetimes    too    high,    sometimes    too    low! 
Sometimes  too  fast,  soivictimes  too  slow!" 

Moses,  like  his  father,  also  had  six  sons,  all  of  whom  were  Methodist 
preachers.  During  the  agitation  in  tlo^  :\[ethodist  Episcopal  Church  which 
led  to  the  organizat;  n  of  tlie  ^^fethodist  Protestant  Church,  Moses  and  his 
sons  were  prMininent   in   the  movement.     Three  of  the  si  ns  rank  amonff  the 


250 


THE   I'EWSYL r.LV/.l -67;/M/.LV, 


fouii'-lfis  01  the  lattov  cliuicli.  Thov  weip  Saul,  who  ditxl  in  1S37,  ]\Ioses 
M.,  a  iiiau  of  groat  literary  ability  and  Inographer  of  11.  B.  Bascom,  hailer 
of  the  "  Ref oriners-', "  and  Eli,  (b.  April  l."),  17S7,  d.  August  24,  1S67),  who 
was  several  times  President  of  the  Conference.  Of  him  his  biograpiier  says : 
"He  was  the  John  Knox   of  the  :Methodist   I'rotestant   Church." 

Keturinng  iiovr  to  I'aul  it  is  safe  to  say  that  uo  other  family  ha^  done 
more  for  the  founding  and  development  of  the  Lutheran  Chundi  in  the 
South  tha.n  this.  He  began  to  [)reaoh  in  1781,  ordained  in  1792,  at  which 
time  he  located  at  New  Market,  Virginia.  From  thence  he  removed  to 
Staunton,  thcm-e  in  l>iOO  to  liowan  county,  Xortli  Carolina,  returning  to 
Xew  Market   in    1S05.     From   that   date   until   1S12   he  was   au   evangelist, 

traveling  and  f(uinding  societies  ia  Virginia, 
Tennessee,  ICentucky,  Indiana,  Ohio,  Xorth 
and  South  Carolina.  In  1812  he  removed 
to  I'oint  Pleasant.  Virginia,  where  he  organ- 
ized several  cfuiyregations.  returning  to  Xew 
Market  in  ]sl.").  Ills  lah<irs  were  truly 
apcstolic  in  character.  In  180.S  he,  \\itu  a 
few  others,  organized  the  Xorth  Carolina 
Syncid.  In  1S18  he  took  part  in  the  nrgani- 
zation  of  the  Ohio  Synod,  and  in  1^22  he 
and  others  who  were  mostly  his  sons  and 
relatives,  organized  the  Tenness'ce  Synod  ou 
the  distinctive  Ijasis  of  the  Unaltered  Augs- 
burg Confc'^sion.  This  organization  for 
many  years  was  entirely  independent  of  the 
Ceneral  Synod  and  was  known  as  "The 
Ilcnkelite  Synod.''  The  great  wtrk  which 
Paul  Ilenkcl  and  his  distinguished  sons  did 
for  the  maintenance  of  the  original  Lutiieran 
stanilards  is  now  fully  recoguizt'd,  '-Being 
in  this  respect,  as  well  as  in  their  unreserved 
acceptance  of  the  Confession  far  in  advance 
of  the  other  Lutheran  Synods  of  Ameriiva."^ 
In  view  of  the  arduous  itinerant  character  of  his  labors  it  seems  almost 
incredible  that  Paul  llenkel  should  be  no  loss  distinguished  as  the  pioneer 
of  Lutheran  iiti  rature  in  the  Soutli.  In  isO.l  he  was  instrumental  in  having 
John  Grul.ier  print  the  Unaltercil  Augsburg  Confession,  whit-h  was  its  first 
appearance  in  the  Xew  World. 

In  1809  he  [mblishod  a  work  on  Baptism  and  the  Lord  's  Supper  in  the 
German  language,  followed  by  an  English  edition  later.  In  ISIO  appeared 
his  largo  Lutheran  hymn  book  in  Cerman,  followed  in  1814  by  another  in 
English.  Many  of  the  hymns  were  his  own  composition.  In  1814  appeared 
his  Catechism  in  German,  followed  by  an  English  edition.  Besiiles  the  fore- 
going, ho  published  some  othi>r  notable  works. 


REV.   AMBROSE   HENKEL, 
■Founder  cf  the   Henkel  Press,  1806 


I.i'.tlKrain  in  Auii'rii-a.  p. 


REV.   GEUII ART  IIRXKEL.  2ol 

Of  the  six  sons  of  Dr.  Pnul  Hfiikel,  five  were  ilistiiiguislied  Lutheian 
ministers  auil  one  a  physician,  and  pulilislnr  of  Lutlieran  boiiks.  They  wni- 
Solomon,  M.  P.,  (1 775-1S47).  a  noted  urijiinal  investigator,  autlior,  and  fur 
many  years  jirojrietor  of  the  famous  llenkel  I'rinting  House.  His  sonb' 
■were  all  noted  nun,  and  one,  Eusebius,  was  a  Lutheran  minister. 

Rev,  Philip  (]779]>':^l^),  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Tennessee  Synod; 
Rev.  vVmbrose  (17'<G-1^70),  founder  of  the  Heukel  Press  at  New  Market  in 
1S0(),  author  of  numerous  ju\onilo  and  other  books  botli  in  the  Gernuui 
and  English  languages;  joint  translator  and  publisher  of  the  Unaltered 
Augsburg  Confession,  the  Apology,  the  Smaicald  Articles,  the  Appendix, 
and  Articles  of  Visitation,  all  of  which  appeared  in  a  large  volume  calh-"! 
the  Book  of  Concord,  published  in  ISol.  Next  he  translated  Luther's 
Church  Postil  on  the  Epistles  (1S57-1S5S).  These  works  were  translated 
from  original  I-atin  and  German  copies  which  they  sjiecially  imported  for 
that  purpose. 

Andrew,  one  of  the  early  and  prominent  members  of  the  Ohio  Synod. 

David  (179.J-1S31).  Of  him  it  is  said  that  he  was  one  of  the  most  bril- 
liant men  the  South  lias  ever  produced.  He  ^^as  a  great  sclndar,  and  author 
of  a  number  of  works,  and  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Teunessi.t?  Synod. 
He  had  several  very  brilliant  sons,  his  eldest,  Eev.  Polycarp  C.  Henkel,  D.D.. 
(1S20-1S89\.  one  of  the  founders'  and  President  of  Concordia  College  at 
Conover,  North  Carolina,  and  Eev.  Socrates  Henkel,  D.D.,  (1S23-1901),  a 
scholar  of  rare  attainments,  author  of  important  works,  one  of  the  pro- 
prietors of  the  Henkel  Publishing  House,  and  editor  of  * '  Our  Church 
Paper. ' ' 

Charles  Henkel.  D.B.,  (179S-1S41),  the  fifth  ministerial  son  of  Paul,  was 
a  pioneer  in  Ohio,  and  is  survived  by  a  son,  the  now  venerable  Rev.  D.  M. 
Henkel,  D.[).,  of  CataAvissa,  Pa. 

THE    HEXKKT,    PRESS. 

The  Henkel  priutery  is  the  oldot  eout!nuous  printing  and  publishing- 
house  of  Geiiiian  origin  south  of  the  Mason  and  Dixon  Line.  It  was  found- 
ed in  1S06  by  Ambrose  Henkel,  a  son  of  Kev.  Paul  Henkel,  and  great-great- 
grandson  of  Rev.  Gerhart  Henkel.  In  lSi»"J,  when  a  lad  of  sixteen  he  a[i- 
prenticed  himself  to  .Tohn  Gruber,  of  Hagerstown,  ^Id.,  to  learn  the  trade  of 
printing.  After  a  few  years  of  ser\  ire  there  he  worked  as  a  journeyman 
printer  in  Philadelphia.  Read.ing  and  P>altiniore,  learning  the  art  in  all  its 
branches  including  binding  and  illustrating. 

In  ISOG  he  purchased  the  bed  and  irons  of  a  Ramage  press,  and  '(Niti) 
some  old  type  ami  cuts  made  by  himself,  set  up  a  printing  office  in  his 
father's  house  in  Xew  Market,  Ya.  He  at  once  began  a  job  and  book 
publishing  business,  Avhich  has  continued  in  unliroken  succession  in  tin- 
family  until  the  presiTit  time,  the  present  proprietors  being  Amlirose  I^.  and 
Elon  Henkel,  grandsons.  The  issues  of  the  press  were  both  in  the  Englislt 
and  German  language.  Scores  uf  tiie  latter  arc  unknown  to  Northern 
scholars,  and  avr  not  ib'scrihed  in  Prof.  F^i-idt-nsticker 's  "First  Century  of 
German  Printiui;  in  America.''     Tiiis  printing  house  was  regarded  for  many 


252  Tin:  I'h'WSYLVAMA  (;/:rm.[X. 

ypai's  0=!  the   ronrular  pulili^liiiio;  lumse   fur   the  Southern   Lutherans  as  may 
be  seen  on  tlie  title  pa^'es  of  nuiny  issues. 

Beginning  with  Is.'UJ,  the  iiroeeeilintrs  of  tlie  ISoutliern  Synods  were  pub- 
lislieil  here  in  the  German  language.  Tliese  issues  are  octavo  in  size,  and 
vary  freni  f(  rty  to  seventy  pages.  In  1SU7  Ilenkel  began  the  ]>uldication 
of  a  German  \'\eekiy  paper  calle<l  "Der  Yir^inisciie  Volksbericliter. ' '  We  \vill 
here  appeml  in  the  order  of  their  issuance  surli  works  as  we  liave  been  able 
to  rescue,  omitting  many  small  publicatitiiis  of  recent  years.  The  present 
firm  have  no  records  from  which  the  earlier  judilications  couhl  V>e  determined 
and  the  titles  we  give  in  Irriefest  form,  have  been  gatliered  by  the  writer  in 
the  course  of  several  years  of  research.  Besides  the  annual  Synodal  publi- 
cations and  the  newspaper  mentioned  we  have  found  the  following: 

1S07. — "Die  Fromme  Zwilliug"  (Erst  Yirginische  Kinderbuch),  "  Unter- 
redung  iiber  die  Peier  Tage. " 

ISOS. — "Das  Ersto  ganz  neu  Virginisclic  Kinderbuch,"  "Geistlicher 
Irren  Garten."' 

1S09. — -"Das  Yirginische  Kinderbuch,"  "Ein  Christliches  Geschenk  fiir 
Knaben"  (Dritte  A'irgiuische  Kinderbuch),  "Treatise  on  Baptism  and  the 
Lord's  Supper,"'  "The  Shaking  Quakers,"  "  Eine  Kurtze  Betrachtung  der 
Heilige  Tauf." 

ISIO.— "Gesang  Bach"  (by  Eev.  Paul  Ilenkel),  "  Zeitvertreib, "  "Em 
Christags  Geschenk  fiir  Miigdlein"  (-ith  Ya.  Kinder  Buch),  "  Meunonite 
Confession  of  Faith.'' 

ISll.— "Der  Christliche  Catechisnius"  (Eev.  Paul  Henkel),  "Abend 
Gesprilch, "  "Ein  Xeu  Jahr's  Geschenk  fiir  Kinder"  (.3th  Yir.  Kinder 
Buch),  "Das  Xeu  Allgeniein  Hoch  Deutsch  ABC  Buch,"  "The  First  Chief 
Head  of  the  Christian  Catechism."  "A  Choice  Drop  of  Honey  from  the 
Rock  of  Christ,"'  "Familien  Register"  (a  line  genealogical  chart  with  mar- 
ginal pictures  of  Shakesjiearo 's  Seven  Ages  of  IMan). 

1S12. — Gesang  Buch  (second  edition),  "  Zeit\ertreib "  (third  edition), 
"Ein  Gespriich  zuischen  ein  Pilger  und  Biirger.  " 

ISI3. — "Cattvhismus"'  (third  edition),  "Eine  Unterredung, "  "Reise 
Beschreibung. "  "Eine  Rede  iiber  die  Rechtfertigung, "  "The  Christian 
Catechism"  (third  edition). 

1S14. — "Kl.:ine  Catechisnius,"  "The  Drunkard's  Emblem"  (by  Dr. 
BenJ.  Rush,   of  Phila.lel[>hia). 

Islo. — ''Die  Todes  Glocke, "  "  Constittitien  and  Canons  for  the  Govern- 
ment   of    the    PrMtestant    Episi'dpnl    (.'hurch    in    A'irginia.'" 

ISIG. — "Per  (i'hristlicher  Catechismus' '  (second  edition),  ''Das  Grosze 
A  B  C  Buch."  "Church  Hymn  Book''  (by  Rev.  Paul  Ilenkel). 

1S17.— "Das  Kleine  A  B  C  Buch,"  "A  B  C  und  Bihler  Buch." 

ISIO.— "Das  Kl.ine  A  B  <'  Buch"  (second  edition). 

IS-JO.— "Das  Kleine  A  B  C  Buch"'    (third  edition). 

Is2:^. — "Kimler  Zuclit."  "The  Heavenly  Flood  of  Regeneration,  or 
Treatise  on  H.dy  Baptism"   (by  Dr.  David  H.^nkel). 

iM':^.. — "Dr.  ^klarrin  Luther's  Predigten." 


LiJoxiiAnnr  miyrii.  2.v. 

]S24. — "Eino  Aitserwiililtr  S;niniilunj^'  Uclieter  uiid  Lifder  fiir  Kimk'r, ' ' 
"Abcnanuihl   Prodigt." 

1S2.1. — "Answer  to  Joseph  :\[i;(ir  tlie  Methodist." 

1S27. — ""Eitie  Saiuiuluiig  Auscrlescner  GeSL-liioliteii ' '  (edited,  illustiattd 
and  printed  by  Silon  A.  ITenkel,  a  lidv  of  I'ourteen,  smi  of  Dr.  Sulnmnn 
Ilenkel).     "l>utiitr's  Seriiiuii  on  l-'aith  and  Ilnly  Ba[>ti:>ni. ' ' 

1828.— "A  Treatise  on  Prayer"   (by  J)r.  David  Henkel). 

1829.— "Gebt'ter  und  Lieder  "  (ser<;ud  editidii).  '•Lutiier's  Smaller  Cate- 
chism"   (Trans,   lu    Dr.  Davi.l   Henkel). 

Since  1830  the  puldieations  l\ave  been  mostly  English,  and  we  will  note 
oidy  the  more  important  issues  since  that  year. 

In'lSSl  appeared  I'r.  T')avid  HenkePs  "The  Person  and  Incarnation  of 
Christ,"  and  the  first  f^nglish  translation  of  "The  Unaltered  Augsburg 
Confession  of  r'aith."  In  18;')S  the  "New  Churcli  Hymn  Bo(k.''  by  Kev. 
Ambrose  Henkel.  In  18-43  "The  Eiturgy  or  Book  of  Forms,"  by  the  same 
author.  In  IS-')!  api>eared  "The  Christian  Book  of  Concord,"  translated 
mostly,  and  printnl  In-  the  Henkels.  Its  preparation  took  seven  years.  In 
1852  appeared  "Euther's  Small  and  Earge  Catechism."  In  PS.")3,  "Euther 
on  the  Sacraments."  In  ISCO,  "Euther's  Church  Pcstil."  In  1872  was 
begun  the  juiblication  of  "Our  (hurch  Paper,"  and  in  1890,  "History  of 
the  Tennessee  Synod,"  by  Dr.  Socrates  Henkel. 

This  brief  outline  will  give  some  idea  of  the  mighty  influence  of  the 
Henkel  family  and  printing  house  on  the  religious  life  of  the  South,  an 
influence  which  we  believe  posterity  will  more  fully  recognize  in  coming 
years. 


r 
LEONHARDT  RIETH  | 

A  NOTED  PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN  PIONEER.  \ 

"^^T  EXT   to   the  Conrad   Weisers,    father  anil   son,   jterhaps   the  most   im-  ; 

I    ^      portant  and  prominent  personage  in  the  celebrated  migration  ninxe- 

ment  of  the  Germans  from  the  Srluiharie,  N.  Y.,  to  the  Tulpehocken,  j 

Pa.,  Valleys  in  the  twenties  of  the  eighteenth  century,  was  Leouhardt 
Rieth.  He  formed  an  integral  part  of  that  large  exodus  of  Germans,  fav- 
ored by  the  beneficent  Queen  Anne  of  England  about  1709,  who  arrived  at 
Xew  York  in  the  spring  of  171n.  an(l  tnok  up  abddes.  many  only  temporarily, 
in  the  Hudson,  and  later  tiie  Alnliawk  ;ind  Schoharie  A'alleys  of  New  York. 

^Vhile  here  many  took  out   naturallzatidu   [)apt_'rs,   as  did  also  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  the  original  of  which  is  still  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  C.  I.  Elude-  ; 

muth,  one  of  his  lineal  descendants,  residing  at  Stouchsburg,  Berks  county. 
Pa.    A  fac-simile  reproduction  is  here  given,  reduced  one  half.  F 

This   document,   with   its   old-time  phraseology,    its    dates   and    recital   of  • 

historic  data  and  illustrious  signatures  is  itself  a  srtudy.  It  calls  to  mind 
some    of    the    significant    strivings    of    Great    i'.ritain    in    that    colonization  ■ 

period  and  gives  us  the  names  of  two  conspicuous  JCnickerbockers  of  that 


2.-,4 


TIIK   l'i:\'\X  YL \  A  \[A-(!i:h'M.  1  V. 


«l:iy.     This  pafier  was  piveii  in  ITlo,  the  socouil  year  of  King  George  II.  of 

England's  reign,  and  seventeen  years  before  George  Wasliington  vras  born. 

When  tiiis   [lioneer   started    out    for   ti\e   wilds  of   Pennsylvania   along  the 

Tnljiehocken    creek,    in    1723.    he    left    his    wife    temporarily    behind    him    in 


f  4 


City  and  County  of  Albany,  k. 

I  Peter  Schuyler,  Efq;  Judge  of  the 
Coirt  of  Common  Picas,  held  for  the  City  anJ 
County  of  Alhn\^  Do  hereby  Ct-i  titie  and  make  known 
to  all  to  whom  thell-  prtfcnts  fti.tll  come,  or  m^v  in 
any  wife  concern,  thr.c  on  the  Djy  of  the  Ih^  he'reor; 
Tn  the  Court  of  Record  held  ut  thcCity-I-iill  of  [he  laid 
City  before  the  Court  PcTfonaly  appeared x^r>.5)fi/ 

and"  then  and  there  in  Open  Court,  did  t^ke  tlie  Oaths 
!)V  Law  appointed  to  be  t.iken,'  inllead  of  the  Oaihs  of 
AHeguinceand  Supremacy,  Subfcribe  the  Tefl,  and  Make 
Repeat-  and  S.vear  to,  and  Sahfcrib^  the  AbJMr^rica 
Oath,  purfaant  to  the  Direaions  of  an  kd.  o\  the  General 
Afiembly  of  the  Cdony  of  A^^Ytri,  m^de  in  the  Finl 
\earof  thePveignof  our  5overain  Lord  Qior^e^  bv  the 
Grace  ot  God,  oiGreM  tnum.  Frame  snd  IreLrd  Otecder 
of  theFa.th  CJ-c.  Lntituled,  An  Ac}  Jeclarir^  th,t  ^H  tboft 
of  tarrcrp  Brrrb,  o^ctcfc7e  ln!>dinng  zrhbin  thu  Obn,,  ord 
dym^  fttzcd  of  any  Urds,  Tenements  cr  Hndham^^t si  jhU 
bcJoreViT  o,reafttr  damed^tJ:en  and.fleemdto  k>-ff  t,.-nK-tu^ 
ralilxd-,  andl^r  hsturj'.rJn^  a'.l  Proteftanrs  of  Fsnehn  V>ir:b 
,:orr  Mutng  ^nhmthis  Cchny.  And  that  his  Name  fs  accor- 
dmgly  Eatered  on  Record  in  the  fa  id  Court.     Ir  Ti^i^-^nv 

se'rs'i  *:  ';;^  '^^;^'  'e-it^^;'''  '''*''^ 


XATURALIZATION   I'ArEUS  OF   LKOMIAUKT  Uli:ril. 


Schoharie,  where  on  the  TOth  of  September  of  that  year  his  son  Leonhard 
Jr.  uas  born.  His  tombstone  records  the  fact  that  her  name  was  Analisa 
Catharina  and  that  tliey  iiad  e'ght  cliildren.  These  were  intermarried  with 
other  nieniliers  of  this  colony,  aud  the  Anspachs,  Schaeffers,   Kleins.  Brim- 


LKOMIARDI    liir/ni.  -ITto 

norr^,  Browns.  Lo(,liii:  is,  SrlioUs,  Biukliult.ler.s,  Siiyilcrs',  KoytTs,  ZfUers  and 
Keei.ls  of  this  coiiuiuniity,  and  of  Scjiaefferstown,  Iioyersford,  I'aliuyra  aud 
many  other  plact^,  art-  lineal  desoeudants,  scnio  in  the  seventh,  sonic  in  the 
ninth  generation.  Here  tiiis  jdoueer  ancestor  took  \\\i  about  ],(iOO  acres  of 
hind  at  the  junction  of  the  ^^rillliach  with  tlie  Tulpehocken  Creek,  near  the 
preb'ent  village  of  Stoiichsliurg.  Just  above  this  spot,  about  twenty  yards 
west  of  this  junction,  on  the  north  side  of  Tulpeliocken,  he  afterwards 
erected  a  mill,  in  the  cogwheels  of  which  he  was  caught  and  mangled  to 
death  in  1747.  The  old  homestead  is  a  short  distance — ab.out  one-Ciuarter 
of  a  mile — below  this  juiu-tion,  and  the  house  forms  a  port'nn  of  the  resi- 
dence of  Mr.  Franklin  ]H.  Keed.  a  descendant  seventh  in  line,  where  are 
kept  many  heirlooms  of  the  family  and  a  vast  number  and  variety  of  Indian 
relics  secured  on  this  identical  plantation. 

Many  of  these  settlers — sixty  families  in  all — being  Lutherans  (all  were 
religious),  an  early  ell'ort  was  made  to  erect  a  Lutheran  church,  which 
project  was  initiated  by  the  donation  of  seven  or  eight  acres  of  land  for 
church  and  burial  purjioses  by  Leonhard  Rieth,  and  accomplished  by  the 
completion  of  a  log  cluueh  in  the  fall  of  ]7iI7 — the  very  lirst  church  edifice 
west  of  the  Schuylkill,  in  tlie  Lebanon  Valley.*  It  is  said  that  the  Kev. 
Gcrhart  Henkc-l,  of  Falkner's  Swam]),  who  is  sketched  in  this  number,  had 
visited  this  new  colony  and  advised  the  erection  of  a  church  building.  The 
175th  anniversary  of  its  completion  was  fittingly  celebrated  last  loth  of 
November.  It  has  had  a  long  and  checkered  history  and  been  serveil  by 
seme  of  the  aldest  pastors  of  the  Church.  To  this  day  the  German  lan- 
guage is  used  in  many  of  her  stated  services.  Recently  the  congregation 
erected  its  fourth  edifice,  a  fine  brown-stone  structure,  removed  from  the 
original  tract  to  the  eastern  end  of  the  village  of  Stouchsburg.  on  the  ground 
originally  owned  by  our  pioneer,  after  whom  the  church  was  named  and  is 
still  known.  The  spelling  of  this  ancestral  name,  Eieth,  has  been  variously 
corrupted  into  Rith,  Ritt,  Riedt,  Read,  Eees,  Eeiss  and  Reed.  The  last 
spelling  is  the  one  noAv  accepted  and  used  by  the  direct  descendants. 

The  Reeds  have  been  of  tall  and  herculean  mould,  ^fany  liave  stood  over 
six  feet  in  their  stockings  and  a  few  have  thrown  the  beam  of  the  scales 
above  the  300-pound  mark. 

The  family  has  been  well  represented  in  every  war  fought  by  cur  nation. 
Aliout  half  a  dozen  grandsons  was  the  quota  this  pioneer  bequeathed  to  his 
adopted  country  to  fight  the  battles  of  her  freedom  and  independence, 
while  fourteen  Reeds  from  the  Tulpehi  ckeu  had  participated  in  the  pre- 
ceding Colonial  struggles. 

It  is  said  that  death  and  burial  cf  this  pioneer  had  something  to  do  with 
the  final  withdrawal  of  the  Moravian  pastors  who  had  encroached,  and  the 
termination  of  the  long  and  bitter  ecclesiastical  hostilities  that  prevailed 
here,  historically  known  as  the  "  Tnlpehocken  Confusion.''  Rieth  had  been 
a  deacon  at  the  time  of  his  tragic  deatli,  and  the  familv  selected  the  Rev. 


•I'l.!-    fuU.T    p.ii'oiiiit    nf    the    lii<ti>ry    <if    tbi3    o;irly    church    soe    Eilitor's    "Ancient    and 
Illsturic  I.anduiarU-  in   I,   li;iiiou   Vullcy.'' 


2.jr. 


THK   I'EXWSYIA  A\[.[-(;i:h'M\\. 


Johu  Nieolaus  Kurtz,  jiastor  of  tlie  Lutheran  jjoopl.'  lieie  to  ofTiciate  at  bis 
obsequies.  The  foUowiuy  inscription  is  encrraven  upon  a  very  quaintly 
carved  and  ornanuMited  tombstono  tliat  marks  his  grave  in  the  old  L'eed 
church  burial  groumls: 


1747 

IIr  LIGD  liKGRABEN 

Ohan  Lof.xhard  Kith 

ER  I.ST   GKBOIIREX    1601 

UXD   GESTORBEX    1747 

Er    hat    MIT    SEINER    HaIS    FrAU 

Ax.\xi.sA  Catharixa 

GEZEUGT  S  Kinder 

65  Oexkelfjx. 


The  following  register  of  his  family  has  been  constructed.     The  children: 

I.  JoiiAXN    XiCiiOLAUS.      Had   three   children,    Jacob,    and    two    daughters 

married   to  Jacob  Anspach   and   Jacob  Schaeffer.     From   them  de- 
scended the  Brunuers,  Kleins,  etc. 

II.  JoHAXX   George.     From   him  some   of    the   Keeds   of   Stouchsburg   de- 

scended.    Also  the  Minnichs  of  Virginia. 

III.  JOHAXN  Friedrich.     Descendants  of  whom  live  at  L'oyersford.  Fa. 

IV.  Leonhart  Jr.      From   him   descended    the   Browns,   Scholls,   Lecliners, 

Burkholders,    Snyders,    Rovers,   etc.,   residing   in   Berks   and    Leba- 
non  counties. 

V.  Feter.     He  occupied  the  old  homestead. 

VI.  r^lARiA  ^Lvrgaretha  married   H.nnricli   Zellers.      [In   1745  a  Heinrich 

Zellers    and    his    wife    erected    what    is    now    known   as    the    Zeller 
Indian  fort.     "Was  she  this  woman? — Ed.] 
Two    children    unaccounted    for.      Did    they    die    young    and    unmarried? 
There  is  strong  evidence  that  they  were  minors  at  time  of  father's  death, 

LEGAL   RELEASE. 

The  original  d(jcument  of  the  foUmviiig  legal  release  is  now  in  possession 
of  Mr.  C;.  (ir(dV.  the  })rescnt  owner  of  tlie  faini  on  \vhirh  mill  property 
was  located  : 

KNOW  all  mm  by  Tlicse  Fresents  that  Elisabeth  Catrina  Eith,  widow  of 
lieonhard  Kitli,  late  of  Tulpeliockin  in  Lancaster  County,  deceased,  George 
Rith  and  Catrina  Elisabeth  his  wife,  Frfdericii  Rith  and  Engel  his  wife, 
Leonhard  Kith,  IN-ter  Rith,  Henry  Zeller  and  ^faria  :N[argared  his  wife,  all 
of  Tulpehekin  and  county  aforesaid,  for  and  in  consideration  of  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty-seven  Pounds  Lawful  money  of  Pennsylvania  to  them  paid 
by  Xickulas  Rith  of  the  same  place,  yrc man,  the  receipt  whereof  is  hereby 


I.KOMI  Mini'  jiiirin.  ■i'o7 

ackiio\\lt'(luoil.  IIATII  lidiinjuislied  Rrl.nsfil  ami  f(ire\fr  iiuitted  claim, 
and  by  these  ireseiit?  didli  Kclir.qiiisl:,  Ki'iea-e  and  t'nrevc'-  quit  claiin  unto 
the  said  Xic-kelas  Kith,  his  htdis  aiul  assigns',  A  (;KUTA1X  Cirist  Mid  and 
saw  mill  07i  Tidpeholdu  Creek,  helonginj^  to  oi  (ids,  rights  and  i>nss'-<--iou3 
of  Lconhard  Rith,  aforesaid  deceased,  and  now  in  the  crrupation  uf  the 
said  Xiekolas  Kith,  and  on  his'  grnund  Tueil-]T1IKR  als<i  with  all  and 
singultir,  the  Buildings,  dam  and  dams,  rights,  nu-mlieis  and  appurrances 
thereunto  lu'lenging.  TO  HOLD  to  him,  the  said  Xiekolas  Kith,  his  heirs 
and  assigns,  to  Ids  and  tlu'ir  o\vn  pro[>er  usi'  and  Ijehoof  fore\er,  tind  tl'e 
said  Elisabeth  Catrina  Trith,  Or.irge  liith.  Fri'derich  Kith.  be.  nlia.rd  Kith, 
Peter  Kith  anil  Henry  Zeller,  their  or  Either  of  their  heirs  the  abt.;\  e  mcn- 
tidned  ^lills,  b'ams  and  appurtanees  will  warrant  and  Defend  utdo  the  said 
Xiekelas  Kith,  his  heirs  and  assigns  forever.  AND  they  do  liki/wi^e  for 
themselves  ami  the'r  heirs,  Exceut(U's  and  Admiidstrators,  I'evenant.  ['r'^mise 
and  grant  tn  atid  with  the  said  Xieki  las  K'ith,  his  lu'irs  and  assigns,  by  tlmse 
presents,  that  tl;ey  the  said  Elisifneth  Catrina  btith,  George  Kith,  Fredi  rich 
Kith,  Levmhard  Kith.  Ttter  Ivith.  Ibiiry  Zelh.r.  or  their  Exectttor-  .^r  Ad- 
ministrators, at  the  Keasonalih;"  Reqi.e-t  and  cost  of  said  Xiekolas  IJitl;.  his 
heirs  er  assigns,  make,  Exeeute  and  m  ktio\\lr(bac  sluIi  farthrr  ami  otiier 
Lawful  and  Keasunabb.^  aid  and  arts,  Deed  >  r  Deeds  w  liatsoever  for  the 
further  and  better  assurance  anil  eonfirniatiun  .f  the  said  ^ilills.  ilatn  and 
premises  hereby  grant-.-d  or  meatiuned  as  liy  the  said  Xieknlas,  hi-  lieirs 
and  nss'gn*.  shall  be  reasenably  Keqinred.  TX  WITXESS  where.'f  the 
aferesaid  parties  to  these  presents  have  Interdianeeably  set  their  hands 
and  Seals.     r)ated  the  Twel.tli  Day  of  March,  Anno  Domini  17-1G-7. 

Sealed  and  delivered  in  the 

the  presence  of  Henuv  Zkllb:!". 

CeXRAD  Wti-sf.r:.  her 

Ciiri.sTiAN  Laukk.  Mafia  Macgai-ed  •    Zelle'; 

nl^irk 
Feidekich  Kith  her  George  Kith 

her  Ellsa  Cati;ina  >.  PJnii  her 

Excel  x  Kith  mark  Cati:ixa  Elisa  x  Krai 

mark  mark 

Leoxi!ai;d  Kith 
The  men  signed  in  German. 


SAUER  KRAUT. 

BY   LOUISK   A.    WKITZEL. 

Ibr  mueht  juseht  scliwetze  wa^^s  ilir  wot 

Fun  wege  Es'serci, 
'Wic  Turkeys,  Ento,  Iliiikol,  GiluSj 

Fun  puuijikiu  un  mince  Pie. 
'S  gebt  ke  Gcmiis  v\ie  Sauor  Kraut, 

'S  dut  net,  ieli  bleib  debei ! 

Braggt  juscbt  mit  Oyshters  alk-r  Art 

In  Pan  un  Slitew  un  Fry; 
Euer  lee  Cream,  Kuelie,  Zueker-saoh, 

I'u  ew'ge  Selileekcrei. 
■'S  gebt  bosser's  nix  -nie  Sauer  Kraut; 

"S  dut  net,  ieh  bleib  daboi ! 

llir  nu'cht  ah  kocho  wass  ihr  ben 

Fun  euvem  siise  Brei, 
Corn    Starcli    un    Oat    iNIeal,    Grape-Xuts,    Force, 

Un  was  sie  Alle  sei. 
Es  hot  ke  Kraft  wie  Sauer  Kraut, 

'S  hot  net,  icb  bleib  dabei! 

Un  all  des  Obsht  was  wacbse  kann 

So  lebbisb  un  so  fei. 
Bananas  grii  un  Oranges, 

Pine  Aeppel  ovvedrei, 
'S  hot  ke  Ciesohmack  wie  Sauer  Kraut, 

O  no,  icb  bleib  dabei! 

Dor  Esau  gab  sei  Erbrecht  Meek 

Fer  Linso!     Denk  mol  dreil 
A  niirrisher  Ding  mit  so    'm  a  Taste, 

Bos  sag  icb  ohne  Scboul 
Fer  Sauer  Kraut  kr.nnt  mer  sel  Avabl  du, 

^ler  kfrnut,  icb  Ijleib  dabei ! 


Juscbt  gob  mer  blonty  Sauer  Kraut 
:\Iit  Sbpeck  fun  fotte  Suu, 

A  gute  Sbissel  Grumliore 
Ferdriickt  nuis's  ah  noeli  bci. 


POKTIV  GUMS.  ■  •_'.:,;> 

Suiislit   uiil  ieh    nix   iif  dero  'Welt, 
Sun^^ht   nix,  ieh   l)loib  daliei  I 

Xcninit  all  die   fancy  Saclie  wock. 

Sie  wiege  scbwer  wie  Blei 
Uf  unscro  aniie  Mage,  ^vo  ■ 

Mer  shtoppe  Alles  nei. 
Ieh  liab  genunk  niit  Saner  Kraut, 

Ya  sluire,  ieh  bleib  dabei ! 

Un  "wann  ieh  nix  n;e  esse  kanu 

Un  Alles  is  ferbei, 
Es  ieh  nocli  a  wenig  Saner  Kraut 

Un  sag  der  AVelt  good-bye. 
Bis  zu  niei    'm  letschte  Augelilick 

Bleib  ieh  niei   'm  Frtuiid  getren. 
'S  gebt  ke  Ciemiis  ^vie  Saner  Krant, 

'S  dnt  net,  ieh  bleib  dabei  I 
Lititz,  I'a. 

HESSE-DHAL. 

BY  HENRY  L.  FISCHER. 

O,  warseht  du  nie  im  Ilesse-Dhal,  Un  fiel  sin  an  dc  Parple  g 'sehterwe. 

Ini   Dunkle   Welt   doliaus.'  Un  annere  Kranket,  a'h, 

"U'au  net.  dan  kuni  zu  inir,  e 'mohl,  Un  fiel   sin   ah  juscht  so  ferdorwe — 

Dan  geh  ieh  niit  d  'r   nans.  Wic   's  geht,  so  ohne  Fraa. 

Es  isch  en  uilter,  rauher  Blatz,  Sie  hen  sie  uie  die  Iluud  ferkrawe, 

Uniringt   n.it   Berg  un    Bam,  ^,.^^^1}  "^'"^  =^"  dem  Berg; 

-SVu  Nachts  en  alte  Wilte  Katz  ^'%  ^'"'l?''  '''']'!'  sehlinini  for  rawc, 
Ihr  Junge  loekert  Ileem.  ^"°^   ^"^''^^  '^'^'-"'"^  ^^  *^i'^- 

•TI--       fi^  •  1     1     ..  1    •    1       ^'     ,  ^  Sie  hen  fiel  Tlesse  raus  gekrawe 

\\ie  oft  ivar  ich  dort  bei  der  ^aeht,  tt„  ,,^„  „;  ,     i      i      if 

7  •         •  Tx        I  L  n  hen  sie  anirekcelit. 

In  ineiue   lunge  Daag  t-.,    t-,,  ^    ,       -,     T       .,,  ,  ••    .. 

Mit  alt  Con.rade.  nf  dV  Jagt-  ^^'    ^^'^'t^'-    •^'"'^^    ''''^'^^'    ''^"'    ^''- 

assut ;    was  ieh  d  r  saag.  -r»-„  t'       i      tt  i        i.^. 

s  Die  Knoehc  Heein  gebroeht. 

Die  Ilund  hen  g'jcolt,   ilie  Katz  hot  Die     Kncehe     l:an     m'r     ITeut     noch 

g'heilt.  selnie — 

Die   Xaeiit-eil  hot  gebrlllt.  Do  glabsriit    's  net?  gtii  un  guck; 

Un  niir  hen  uns  ilaniit  ferweilt —  Dert  in   (h^  dunkle   Kcke  selitene 

Es  war  ur.s  nix  zu  wilt.  Sie,  gans  grinmiig  wie    'n  Sclipuk. 

Dort  war  der  Hesse-galia  noeh-  I*"h  war  e'  mold  in.  Hesse-Dlial. 

En  Sehtang  f.m  Baam  zu  Baam  :  ,  ;^^'^f-  /'^e\ '! ''''■''"'' m'-'?=''\V       . 

^Vie  halwer  dunkel  is.d.  mer    "s  doeh  !        ^'^'  '^^^     "  S.htnnm  g  hurt.  •  >  Oberst 


So  hahver  wie   'n   Draam. 


Rahl. 
Beseht  halt  dieh  uf  der  AVaeht." 


Dort  hen  sie  neun  uf  e'nu'hl  g'hilngt  Teh  hab  fid  Hesse  Geisdite  g'seli, 
For  :Mort  un  Rawerey;  All  grinunig  weis  un  kalt. 

So  laut  des  Rewolutz  T>egend,  'Nrit  Kneelie  weis  un  kalt  wie  SLdme 
Un    's  wert  a'h  v. old  so  sei.  Dort  in   .leju  dunkle   Wiilt. 


2G0 


THE  i'i:\.\syLVAyiA-Gi:irMAX. 


Sie  hen  'n  SL-lnnausoiey  dort  g'hat 
Foil  g'sohtoleiie  (iiiiis  im  Kraut, 

Un  Aeiit'l-wei  nn  alt  Muskat, 
Uii   's  (_i  '^aii;:  \\  ar  lanu  uu  laut. 


Hut  niiis'se  ill   die  Seldadit. 


'S   war  uci,  dtr  wert,    's  war  iiau  zu 
sclipoot. 
'S  liot  alk's  nix  yelnitt, 
Sie     hen     2; 'uiarsdiiert     nn     z'riiek       Der  llesso  Oberst  llixhl  ^^a^  dood, 
g'niarjifliiert  I'n  unsfr  war  die  Sohtadt. 

Fon  Zelt  zu  Ilaus  zu  Iliit, 
"Lang     ^1  e  b  e! '"— hen      sie      dan       En   Dausend  IIossc  ware  gfange. 
g'clteert —  Ini  Winter — fScdi*  e  un  kaU. 

"0!   Kuing,  Jerg  der  Dritt. "  In  Winter  Quartier  sin  sie  gauge 

Do  haus  iui  Seliwarze-\\'aid. 
So  hen  ilie  ]!i'<-e  t'c  rt  trenaidit 

iNIit  ihreni  Saus  un  Srhniaus,  O  won  du  gcesclit  in    's  Hesse-l>hal, 


! 

■         -        '  ' '  •.■■■.■■,>";.■•■//'■',       »v'  .    ■:  '-■'-:■-■ .  "i 

'■...    '■"'">^K'—''-'          ■'■•5^%'  ■  ;y /•■■■■;■  :::,^  •■'■'-i 

..       '           .>.,"■      .t''^'r'  .  .V    *■.'..     '"■  v         ^^^'     *    '■ .  ■  -■•.■?■    '  ■'  '    ••  -n 

;         .                                                 '■       ,      -'..':'."■ -'^  •■■'-■-'" '-^■'    "■-    '    '       \                       V',. '..■,'-        ■.■'■■■;■-./      ■  *  •-"               '■     '. 

„       /.     ..■       "'■'■             '^V^     :-.^     ':^  ;;,-■;       'y    ,.'■•'.        /'■>^-'     ki'          .:":';.,■;-          ,;.- 

-."■-,,■;':-.  <;v-^    '■■i''i    -.-''■■■'       '(•■■'    ^     ;'.  V'-' ;;:■■'.,        '      '  >"' '    '  li-.- 'i-i  ^-S:    '-'j'i'    I-     ',_..,':',    ■    '^ 

MS,    '           -.-        -       -"'     ■■"'--               •      --        -     •'"■    ■.■"•         ".  "_'     .           •     ■'■                         "       '..          .  '''4      "'    *'^"'           '    -        -    -■       ■ 

;-kt';.-  -"  V'''-~^:'  :  --y' '.. '  '■■.  ^  '"^"W^-*-  ^.-^-tr  -.»,  -•    -■-•    -i":"  ^<ir     .?  .^^    "'■■S  '  ■'    '""^■''--' 

-   " ''"  *- ,  c^-_r  ..t :  !■  •    \-   "' ~ -B...  -  .    -  --      ■'    '■^'  '•.•"*   I-  /^ --\ '--■•-■^-.■- .---^ 

-- " ■■"-"   ■•■■■'.-■.' ■  --  .  C'J  ■'    '  "'  - !.-..._  .^^''"'^'?-*?''>^^';S--'?'^fe''^^                                ■  -  ■  -^ 

- '  -:/i.'--7^-'..J>\\  '--.'.'^ :;-:-  •'■^-■■*-V— -"^""'>'i-  «...  ^  • ;  '"''^^ 

THE  HESSIAN  BURIAL  GROUNDS. 
Continuing  over  l.Ouj  b<idirs. 


Bis  iMorgets  in  der  friihe  Waoht, 
Un  dan — ''Per  Feind!    Heraus!'' 

Do  war  der  braaf  Tfelil,  Washington, 

iMit  seiner  braaf  Arnieel 
Eh'  Daagesdiell,  do  war  er  pchon, 

Doreh  Fluss  un  Eis  un  Sohnee. 

Dan  niifh  e'niehl — des  Ilesse 
G  'sohrei — 

"Der  Feind:  Ileraus!  Ileraus!" 
Do  konnue  sie  zu  si-h{iringe,  bei, 

Fun  Ztlt  un  Iliiit  un  Haus. 

Kauni    WHY    ihr    Saus    un    Sehniaus 

ferbei, 
In  jener  ("'hriseli-daag-Xaeht — 
Der    Hess,    t'on    Kraut    un    Giius    un 

Wei, 


Allee,  an  Chrischdaag-Xaeht, 
Dan     hurselit      'n     Sehtinun,     "  Ai'h 
Oberst  Rahl! 
P.eseht  halt  dieh  uf  der  Wardit!  "' 

Dan    geh    mit    luir    au    Chrisehdaag- 
Xaeht. 
Do  nans  in    's  Hesse-Dhal. 
Dan     hi'u'scht     du     a 'h     i.lie     einsam 
Jaeht— 
"Aoh  Oberst,  Oberst  Eahl!  " 

"Ach  Oberst  Raid!  Aeh  Oberst  Raid! 
Doreh    die   Falirliissigkcit 

Sin  wir  do  feseht  ini  Hesse-Dhal, 
Fon  Heeni  un   I'^ieuiul,  so  ^yeit.'' 
- — From    the    autliirr's     "Kurzweil 
uud  Zeitvcrtreili. " 


POETIC  GEMS. 


201 


OSCHTRE. 

KV  F.  i;.  BRUXNER,  M.D.  Alias  "Joliii    Sliuiiiacher. ' ' 


"VVie  niiehst  sin  schoii  die  Osrhtrf  do.' 

Sie  kiimnie  alio  jobr; 
Sel  macbt  die  Kiniier  all  so  froli; 

Des  is  gewislioh  wohr. 
Es  wunneri,!  niioh  ah  net  Avans  dutli, 
Die  Oschter  o\i;x  sin  so  gulh. 


Sie  tsehunipe  um  die  Tliluser  rum. 

Und  finne  alle  neseht; 
Ihr  weg  is  ot'tmols  lang  uud  knnii, 

Doch  dunne  sie  es  hesi-ht. 
Sie  finne  oft  die  Buwe  eisdit, 
Doch  griege  oft  die  Mild  es  niersohr. 


^Ye^  legt  die  Osehter  oyer  dan  ? 

Der  Haas — so  sagt  nier  als. 
Er  nenit  so  liel  mit  das  er  kun, 

lin  Kesscl  an  seim  Hals. 
Er  kooht  und  fiirbt  sie  ah  dert  dvin 
Mit  Katuh  oder  zuIavIc  riu. 


"\Vie  dauert  nier  die  Haase  doch 

Ini   kalte  vinter   schnee; 
Sie  sitze  ergends  im  eh  loch, 

Oder  im  hiiufe   Sehtee, 
Und  schloffe  mit  de  auge  uf. 
Bis  elibes  kunit,  no  sin  sie  uf . 

Wan     Schiitz     ■uinters      die     Haase 
srhiest. 
Sin  oft  die  Kinner  biJs; 
Sie  daure  sie.  sin  net  gepliest 

Mit  so  Leit  uf  der  tsehiis. 
Die  Haase  lege  jederm  en  oy, 
Ins   neseht   gemacht  mit   Schtro  uud 
Hov. 


So  bal  das  es  nooh  Oschlre  geet, 

No  is  ah  Friihjohr  do; 
Sel  meent  das  alies  nau  ufschteet. 

Werd  gruh.  lilt'il)t  nimme  groh. 
No  wachse  ali  die  Haase  's  hiseht. 
Und  wer  sie  schii'st  der  Mcd  o-erescht. 


So  bal  mir  mol  geseene  hen 

En  oy  in  jederm  neseht, 
Hot  jeders  g'sagt:  "Ich  wed  ioh  hob 

p]s      griiseht,      es      scliousclit,      es 
Ijescht." 
No  hen  mir  glei  g'pickt.  g'pickt. 
Bis  jeders  on  ferbruclmes  griekt. 

Fer  Johre  lang  hen  Haase  juselit 
Fer  jei.lers  ehns  gebrocht ; 

Xau  griokt  mer  tiel,  es  is  eu  luscht, 
Sie  sin  ah  all  geknrht, 

Deel  sin  so  srhi>  und  zueker  sii<. 

Ah   tschacklat   Haase   mit   fier    Fiisz. 


Deel  leie  in  de  uiischter  soIk'.     • 

Und  sin  guth  uf  g  'fixt : 
Und  an 're  hocke  uf  de  lUh 

Und  hen  Ihr  Ohre  g 'srh[iit/r. 
So  guthe  Haase  waare  ralir 
Wie  ich  so  'u  kleener  schpriuger  war. 

Ken  wunner  sin  die  Kiiniei'  Ijang 
En  Hund  fangt  mol  ihr  Haas; 

Ken  wunner  werd  die  Zeit  so  lang. 
Unci  wissa  net  ferwas. 

En     tzueker     Haas     mit     tSL-hackliit 
Hoor, 

Den  liebt  en  Kind  fun  Johr  zu  Johr. 


Wan  Xewcl  sidmuikt  am  B^>rg  dert. 

Dan  wees  mer  was  sel  meent; 
Sie  koche  noh  ehr  oyer  dert, 

Xo  denkt  mer — ehner  keemt, 
Und  wan 's  ah  net  gans  Oschtre  is, 
Macht   mer  sich  redde — ja,  gewis. 


Und  wer  ferergerd  en  lieb  Kiu'l, 
Dem  kents  emol  sohlecht  geb  ; 

So  sagt  der  H-jiland — sei  werd  bind. 
Sel  kenne  mir  ferschteh. 

Der  Haas  lu3t  ah  an  uus  g 'denkt, 

Und  hot  uns  ah  nut  was  beschenkt. 


Und  wan  der  Tag  fer  Oschtre  kumt. 
Do  werd  geriseht  und  g'schaft; 

Die  Haase  sin  all  raus  gedrumt, 
Und  reddie  fer  die  nacht. 

I>ie  oyer  hen  sie  all  im  sock. 

En  ji'der  hot  en  grosor  pack. 


Den  mit  ile  Oschtre  lerndt  mer  ah. 

Was  jeihT  ^^isse  soil; 
Mir  werre  all  erriunerd  dra. 

Was  Christus  gedu  hot. 
Tod  und  f'-rgrawe  in  iler  Erd. 
Is  er  ran-:  kunime  lioi  do  (.'liird. 


2(J2 


THE   I'EX  X.SY  L\\\  lA-(;  i:  RM  A  \ 


En  grcisi  r  sditoli  war  uf  soini  gi'J^b; 

En  Eiif);fl  lollt  ihii  week; 
Saldatc,  niit  C">o\vehr  uud  Schtaab, 

Hen  g'scliluffe  ohuo  Deck. 
So  iinfeilidft,  wie   'n  OsL-liter  Haas, 
Is  Er  docli  raus  fer  irher  Naas. 

Des  is  dcs  zeign's  fun  der  Zeit, 

Has  Leben  aus  dcr  Erd 
Mol  wider  kunit  zu  all  de  Leit 

Die  sind  bei   C'liiis^te  Herd, 
Her  Haas,  toll  deniuth.  lieb  und  guth, 
Lebl.    ah    und    sehterbt    fer   mensehc 
guth. 


Drum  sin  die  Ostditre  all  en  Freed; 

8ie  sin  so  Holfnungs-foll ; 
Die    wo    fiel    hen,    do    gects    ''first- 
rate, 

Wan  nier  gebt  was  nitr  s(d. 
Pen  wer  nix  gelH  wan  er  fiel  liot, 
Der  raubt  sicdi  selwer  und  sei  Gott. 

Dan  lost  nns  nieusehe  Haase  sei. 
Am   Osehter  niorge,   friih; 

Und  gerne  mit  em  Hertz  gans  f  rei ; 
En  jedes  wees  wo  hie. 

De  nrme  Kinner,  arme  Eeit 

ISIacdit  ell  guth  Oy  die  gruschte  freid. 


MER  WOLLA  FISCHE  GEH. 


Bi:\VE : 

Der  Selmee  is*  \ergange. 

Die  Kiilt  is  deh'ii, 
Der  Bivi  is  kumme — 

Die  Solnvuirm   sin   slum  grii. 
Xau  Dahili  un  ?^Ianima 

O,  sagt  uus  iH't — Xee! 
Mer  sohatfe   nodi  Iieut. 
No  wiirs  widder  Zeit. 
Mol   Fisehe  zu   geh ! 

Die  "Weide  gewa  Peifc, 

Mer  hen  uns  schun  g  "hnllt ; 

Die  Erie  hen  Schwenzelier, 
Un  funklo  dehie; 

Nau  Dahdi  un  i\ranmii,  et-c. 

Die   "Wassere  raustdie, 

Un  funkle  ilvWiv ; 
Die  Staare  besinge 
Ehr:   C'udr-ruddaMie. 

Nau  Dahdi  un  Manuni,  etc. 

Die  Boxe  sin  fertig, 
Die  Leine  gedreht; 
Die  Ang'le  gelmune, 
Un  alles — first-rate! 
Xau  Dalidi  un  ^NFanmia 

O,  sagt  uns  net — Xee! 
Mer  si-hatfe  noeh  heut, 
Xo  wiirs  gewisz  Zeit, 
Mol   Eische  zu  geh! 

DAHDI  : 

Gewisz,    ehr    niuchts   brnweere, 
Verleicht  dasz  ehr's  packt; 

"Was  niemanel  noch  seisucdit, 

Wees  niemand  \\ie's  ah  sehmackt! 

Den  Owed  nuu-ht  euch   reaiiy — 
Die  iMcss'ri^  un  die  Schniir  - 

Grabt  I  utli  fUi-r  Wiirni, 
Un  st.'llt  s:.-  iin  die  Diihr. 


Wer  ebbes  rtMdits  will  fange. 

Musz  friih  sehun  uf  die  Bee; 
Wann  niei  Ainschel  singt. 

Dann   sot   ehr   dapper   geh. 

Gelit  weit  nuf   in  die  B(  rge, 
Seheut  net  en  bishe  niiili — 

Wu  die  Springe  sin. 

Dort  niacht  emh  zeitlieh  hii'. 

Dert  an  de  huidie  Hendocks. 

Mit  Moos  ganz  nuf  belegt — 
Ditditer   griiner  Bucks, 

Hot  Grass  un  Stee  bedeckt. 

"Was  haw  ieh  dert  docli  Frelle, 

In  Hengel  ufgemacht — 
Grosse  fette  Karls — 

'S  hot  mer  im  Herz  gelacht! 

Dert  schneid  euch  euer  Gerde. 

Vn  srddei(dit  hie  an  die  Krick — ■ 
Xau  het  ehr  mold  die  chance, 

Browirt  ah  eutr  Gliick! 

IIAMMI  : 
Xau  ehr  liewe  Kinner. 
^[acht  euch  frisch  derhinner — 
G  'schwind  d'e  arwet  week  geduh — - 
Legt   eucdi  mol  reclit  friili  zu   Ruli — 
"Wann  die  erste  Amschle  singe. 
Will   ich   euch   die   Xochricht   bringe. 

Alto  schiechte  Kleeder, 
Wiihlt  SLih  dann  en  jeder — • 
Geht  dann  an  der  Kichescliank — 
Wasser — duds  jo  fer  der  Drank! 
Flees(di  un  Brod,  un  Kiis  un  Butter, 
Alles  sell — versorgt  die  ^^lutter! 

In  die  frisdie  (^ut'Ile. 

Sin  die  siisste  l^'rellc — 

Hoolt    mer    taii>jc    Hen>rel   v(dl — 


POEllV  <Jh'MS.                                                2G3 

]\Ioszt  sle  rails — bis  zelie  ZoU —  KIiiirt  stehn   uii — gaffe— 

leh  will  all  die  Paniia  sehiiioere,    '  IluiHleher  kuniiiieii  uii  Ijlaffe! 
Ldst  niioh  just  y:at  noufs  bore! 

r.    T        ,  ..       ,,    ,,  ^fpr    woHl'ii    in    de    Rcry;c    uns    ver- 

0  die  sebuiie  i  relle,  .stecke 

Dunkle  gebts,  im  l.elle-  ninner  de   Ho.'ks,  kaiui  nix  uus  ver- 

SLhuppe,  Horner,  so  was!     ^ee!  sclirecke 

Duppa  hen  .ue,  gar  zu  schi3-  y^^^^  1,^,^^  j.^^  ^.,,j^^ 

Roth     Mie     Blut,    un     Schwartz,     un  -g  ^„.,,t  ^^j,  j,.,^  ^^,„  streit— 

V   1,1   T  ,S,      "-'                  ,             ,,    ,  Wolf,  un  t'iichs,  un  l!ihe, 

Ach!   leh  kanns  gar  net  verzehle!  Kami  mer  leieht  abux-hre. 

Kun.mt  dan  widder  zeitlich,  ^Veit  vur  der  Sun,  so  sin  iner  an  .le 

bis  nier  so  unleidlich —  Snrino-e 

Waun  ehr  in  de  Berge  seid,  ^.^,  j..^  Oebiiseh,  die  Yugeleher  lustig 

\  un  alle  Ilauser,  nieileueit!  sino-e— • 

Gott  beschutz  eueh  uf  de  Wege,  ^j,,,;      ^elnverz  un  grii, 

1  n  geb  sehver-reeht  viel  Sege!  ji^^^  jj^  j^^i^.j.  ^^.^^^^^ 

^■[J^X]r■  O,  wie  scho  zu  lausche, 

,,-.       ,                     .               11         ■         ,  ^^'i^  flie  Wassre  rausche! 
\\  le  elir  uns  sagt,  so  uolle  mi:s  :;h 

niac-he,  Ob  siehs  bezaldt,  des  werd  sieh  zeit- 

So  was  geht  gut.  mer  duhn  ah  flink  jb-h  weisze, 

niit    lache!  Sis    alles    rtxdit— des    is:    wann    sie 

Euft  uns  just  bei  Zeit,  gut  beisze! 

Weil  der  Weg  so  weit —  Hen  mer  dann  ken  Cdiiek, 

]\Iit  de  anre  Saehe,  S'n  mer  ball  zuri-L-k; 

^^'bl]e  mers  selani   maehe.  Hen  mer  viel  zu  lache 

,,            ,             ...                           ^       ,  Kr.nc  mers  liinger  niache. 

-Mer    genu     net    hie    wu    anre     Lcut  ^ 

shun   ^vuhre—  Xau  Dahdi  un  iMammi, 

Es   niacht   sie   bos,    un    neidiseh    wie  Khr  sagt  uns  net — Xee! 

die  Hahre.  :\rer  schaffe  nocii  heut, 

Fangt  m.er  sich  eens  raus,  Xo  is   's  widder  Zeit, 

Kreische  sie  em  ous—  INIol  Fisclie  zu  gcji !        e.  k. 

DER  ALT   FISCHERMAN. 

Es  war  'n  alter  Fischermau,  Xaeh      Schtaudta      oder      Kalbach 's 

leh  hab  ihu  gut  gekennt;  Damm 

Er  hot  gewehnt  net  weit  eweck  Is  er  friili  Morgets  g'schtiirt^ 

Von  wu  die  XordkiU  endt.  Ob  Snii-uff  an  die  Grick  zu  sei 

F'r  Fiseha  is  fiel  werth. 
Wann  Fischzeit  war  hot  er  (be  Gert 

Und  oftmolds  drei   geuumnia;  c-      t>,-^                             ,,■,    ,      ■ 

Er  hot  gewisst  wu  grossa  Fish  ^"' -^  ^'i!?^  gewesst  am  lulpohack 

Sin     ~  um        der       K  o  r  k        r  u  n.  ,,  ^^  "   ''  'f  •  -''f /venii  ferbauur, 

o'schwunnia.  ilen  ynsriit  gebissa  cert  na  Sehtun— 

^                        '  Die  i'liitz  war  er  bekaunt. 

Er  hot  gewisst  wu  scinvartza   Worm 

Zu  finna  sin  f'r  ''Bait;  "  Er  hot  gewisst  wu  uei  zu  schmeisa, 

Und  wann  die  Box  foil  Wr.rm  war,  Wie  hocli  der  Kork  zu  schtella; 

War's  grad  wie  frischa  Wehd.  Er    ^var    die    diff'reiit     Schtuu     be- 

kaniit 

Sei       Grulihack       war       als       reddy  Wu   Fisli   net  beisa  wolla. 
g'sehtelt ; 

Dann  Ohwets  is  er  naus  Wenn  eis(dit  die  Fish  gebissa  hen 

I'nd     unnig     Wah  um.     Drc'k     un<l  Hot  er  no  nu '  Fisli  g 'fanga ; 

Eiescli  ^  Dold   an 'ra   hen   als  scliier  iiix   o^rii^kt 


Ziegt   fetta   Wi'irm   raus.  Dj, 


mit  iliui  wara  gang.n. 


2G4  .  Tin:  I'KSySYLVAMV-ilKini Ay. 

Ki'  hot  ke'  fiincin   Leiiia  ji'liatt,  'Sis  awwer  now   'ii  lelirer  Platz 

Unci  au  '  ke'  (U'ira  Gevta  ;  '      An  all   ilie  guta  Ecka 

'S  hen  awwer  I. out  genieliPt  cr  hot  Wu  er  gfwrilnit  war  Yahra  laug 

Eibattig  "Bait"'  uiul  Worta.  Die  Fiseligeit  hie  zu  schteeka. 

Er  hot   'n  langer  Fedtler  g'liat;  Die  blotta  lllacka  an  die  Orick 

Und  Avie  'n  Fi^li  war  g'fange  ~SV\\.  Gras  sin  a 'fangs  griili; 

Hot  er  ihn  gut  und  selio  eig'fedtlet       Dor    Bullfrog    kunimt    zuin    Was«or 
I'nd  f 'r  dor  nru-hscht  Fish  ganga,  raus 

Und  sctzt  sie-li  ncliwa  hie; 
'X  Hengel  Fish  niit  Hohin  zu  bringa 

War  ihm   'n  grossie  Freiid:  Die  Schillgrott  schtrorkt  sioh  in   die 

Und  wauu  er   's  • '  I^avenient  "  rut'  is  hoh 

kuninui  Und  wunnert  was  is  letz ; 

War  llongcl  Ling  und  brelnl.  Die  Gort  und  Lein  is  nininiie  dort— 

Am  Endt  is  ilir  Gerotz. 
Doch  alseniohl  hot    's  Zoita  g'hot 

Die  Fish  hen  net  gebissa ;  Der  Tod  der  niit  se'.ni  Ilaniniorgarn 

Ko  is  er  oft  die  "Alley"  Hehm  F'r  Menscha  inuner  fisoht, 

Dass  niir  sei  Giiok  net  wissa.  Sehtellts    Gam    for'ui    alta    Fischer- 

man 
Ins   Brossnian's   Wiss,   ans   Kenny's  Und  hot  ihn  selio  ferwisuht. 

A  rm , 
Und  au'  am  "I>land"  hinna;  Er  hot  gezuMv. elt  mr.chtig  hardt 

Am    Xdrdkill    Fiedor,    am    Foundry  Aus  selieiu  Gam  zu  kumma ; 

J)amm,     -  Der      Tod      hot      awwer      annersijht 

Und  wu  die  Werwel  schpinna  ;  g 'mehut, 

Und  hot  ihn  mit  genun  ma 
Ans     Kceha     und     ans     Schaeft'er's 

Sehliess,  l^Pr  gi-it  alt  Fisdierman  is  fort; 

Und  wu  dfr  Pj'itfel  riihrt;  Er       hot        die       letsoht       Lein 

"Wu  endlich  in  die  Tulpehack  g'schmissa; 

Die  Xordkill  sieh  ferliert:  'S  lauft  Nicmand  meh  wie  er  als  is 

Die  Tulpohaoka  Wissa. 

Am  ew 'ra  und  am  un 'ra  Damm, 

Km  Gro^^a  Fie<ler  drunna  ^^°   ^'"'"^   i-emembr;mce  of  .T..iui    Coiu-ad. 

Ans    Lunradt  s     Brick — an     all     die       with   rod   ami   lino  of  Beniviiio,   Pa.,  aini 


Pliltz  vicinity.      Ho    died    in    Februaiy,    1902,    at' 

e  good   old  a^o  of  "lO  year.*.]- 

M.    A.   C 
Wasbiiicton,  D.  C.  ,Tiino.  1002. 


Hot  ihn  die  Fischzeit  g'funna.  f'"^  ^'""^  ^''''  ^^=''  "^  "  ^''^^GRrBER 


ES  BODT  ALLES  NIX. 

Adapted  from  the  Suabian,  by  Dr.  E.  Grumliine. 

Im    summer    is    my    mad'l    roat    un  Pockt    's  eisa  mit'ra  tzoug,  un  hem- 
brow,  mert's  we  aer 's  will — 
Im  winter  is  se  roat  un  weiss;  Won  duch  my  mad'l  eisa  waer! 
Im  summer  is  ihr  haertz  so  tza'  wie 

hickry  holtz  ^"^^  ^''*-''  "^""^^  bloast  der  shmidt  mi 'm 

Un  winter's  kalt  we  schnae  un  ice.  blousbol'k  aw, 

Un  broomt  der  bol  'k,  do  brennt  '3 

My  nuehber   drivva,   is  a   ?htarr'ker  aw  g'shwindt; 

Schmidt,  Awy 'r    ich, — was    ich    my 'm    madi 

Daer  nemmt    'n  hommo     gross  un  sing  un  s.-iwg, 

shwaer.  'S  is  alios,  alios  in  dor  windt! 


Historical  Pilgrimages  into 

...Pennsylvania-Germandom 


A  TOWN  AND  COUNTY  OF  THE   OLDEN  TIME 


Historic  York,  Pa.  (continued  from  last  issue) 


BY    I)K.    I.    n.     BETZ. 

THE  nienilitrs  of  the  Ct^ngress  made  the  journey  to  York  on  horseliaek, 
crossing  the  river  at  Anderson's  Ferry,  now  ^Marietta.  They  stopped 
to  refresh  tiieniselves  and  their  horses  nearly  midway  between  the 
Ti\"er  and  York  at  a  hotel  which  then  stood  on  Ihe  niain  liiyhway,  but  whirh 
in  till-  march  of  improvement  is  so  no  h'nger.  Pictures  of  this  so  called 
"  reunsylvania  Dutch  tavern"  shuv,'  it  to  be  still  in  an  excellent  state  of 
j)reserv;ttion.  It  ^\as  probmbly  the  first  two-srory  stone  dwelling-  west  of  the 
river.  It  was  built  in  17:!4  ]iy  .b  lianncs  Schultz  and  seine  Frau  Katrina 
Schultz,  twu  yea.rs  after  Washingteii  w;;s  liern  and  fifteen  years  before  York 
county  \Aas  rrganized.  ami  seven  years'  before  York  was  laid  out.  It  v.as 
built  one  year  after  P.altzer  Spangler 's  first  house  whose  site  is  now  withiu 
the  limits  of  York. 

The  first  house  of  Ilidt/.er  Spangler 's  still  remained  in  1799  according  to 
the  earliest  ehrcniclei'  and  sketih  artist  of  the  time.  Loui  ^[iller.  This. 
house  of  Baltztr  Spimgler's  v.as  sueceeiled  but  a  short  ilistanee  west  from  the 
■  former  l.iy  a  oommui.lieus  brick  mansion  tlieu  useil  as  a  hotel  and  built  in 
1760.  This  was  uue  of  the  most  fiuished  houses  of  that  day  and  is  still  in 
a  fair  state  of  preservation  and  used  as  a  dwelling.  The  Schultz  house  is 
now  the  oldesl:  house  in  \ork  county.  It  stands  a  silent  witness  of  the 'past, 
and  could  its  walls  divulge  the  secrets  and  story  of  their  past,  it  would 
make  a  volume  of  rare  inte^'est.  The  Congressmen  rode  upon  saddles  which 
proved  to  be  a  great  curiusity  to  the  surrounding  pnpulation  which  had 
assembled  to  see  the  notabilities  as  they  passed  thruugh  en  their  \^ay  to 
York. 

In  the  vicinity  west  and  southwest  of  the  old  stone  hotel  a  large  stockade 
containing  about  twenty  acres  was  built  for  quartering  prisoners.  This  site 
was  chosen  about  four  and  a  half  miles  southeast  of  York  to  guard  the  latter 
against  contingencies  that  might  arise.  The  stockade  was  enclosed  by  posts 
fifteen  feet  high  closely  set  together  and  guarded  by  sentries.  Within 
stone  huts  were  erected  by  the  prisoners  who  for  a  time  were  mostly  Hes- 
sians. Evidences  of  tills  stockade  were  visible  during  the  former  part  of 
the  past  century,  even  to  an  improvised  gallows  on  wliich  several  prisoners 
were  hung  for  murdering  a  resident  by  the  name  of  Morgan,  about  two 
miles  east  of  the  sto  kade  and  a  short  distance  south  of  ITellam.  "Word  was 
sent  to  the  stockade  of  the  trageiiy  and  the  roll  of  prisoners  being  called 


200 


Tin:  I'lixytiYLVAMA-aEini. i .v. 


the  missing  oiii.-s  wcro  easily  disC'over(.'d  wliich  Icil  to  tlicir  speedy  arrest  and 
{lunislimciit.  But  today  all  traces  of  tlie  stockade  liave  disapjieared  and  it 
is  only  through  tradition  anioug  tlie  older  residents  uliose  forefathers  handed 
them  down  that  facts  can  bo  obtained  aside  frrm  those  that  have  been 
more  directly  recorded. 

A  little  above  the  stockade,  on  the  brow  of  the  liill  wliich  overlooks  the 
beautiful  Kreutz  Creek  A'alley,  a  large  Hessian  burying  ground  is  located. 
Small  pox  and  a  malignant  camp  f e\  er  produeed  no  less  ;han  one  thousand 


'            » 

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, 

. 

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^/  ~^l/  .  '.t. 

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■•  ^  .     ff-i,s  :i?.--:-"i  (^'l 

!!  ',  '     ^i'- 

fe^^   »    «          T,      -'   '                             ■      ~    . -^    ^^."^ 

"*'*"'         "  -       '   -<tf^* 

™,                             "..I 

1 -          f        .^                                      ^,                          ~-      ^^"^      "•       __       ^^_               ^^, 

_  «.  _    ^I'-fl 

«r                   '    >"   -'"  ^'"4"  ■"'  '"* 

1^      * --  -^*'     „  ^"^^' -jr. 

j^      _*  .-<«-                 ^  » 

"i^:::.^Tt'2i^>3  ^  ^^ 

i '      '^^E^^; 

■''^^Sa^5pgS^__Y^,         -"^"^' 

Wi:^tL.^y^iS:i:6ww.^  -^fe^*.!.-^    -.       4^:^^3i  -  .. 

- 

THE   SCHULTZ   HOTEL,   ERECTED   IN   1734. 
The  oUlost  h.iuso  in   Y.ak  Cnmitv. 


deaths  among  the  large  number  of  prisoners  that  were  confined  here.  Rude 
stones  marked  the  sites  of  the  interments  whii-h  can  still  be  seen  in  all  sorts 
of  positions  after  a  lapse  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  years.  Many 
prisoners  were  passed  on  to  Frederi.k,  Md..  and  Winchester,  Ya.  Some  of 
the  prisoners  left  interesting  diaries.  'Mv.  Henry  L.  Fisher  in  his  ''Kurtz- 
•weil  un  Zeitfe-rtreib ' '  in  the  poem  "  HesseDahl, "  sets  forth  S(mie  of  the 
Tvierd  traditions  tliat  cluster  arimnd  this  gruesome  spot.'  But  aside  from 
historical  associations  nothing  presents  itself  to  the  casual  observer  inci- 
dental to  a  localitv  (hat  (mce  teemed  with  life  and  enerirv. 


Sej  "Poetic  Gems. 


nisTonic  yonh'. 


2G7 


Church  orgaiiizatiniis  todk  proctHloiieo  of  cliuieh  l)uil(liiigs  at  a  very  earlv 
period  in  the  settleiiient  of  tlie  town  aud  comity.  So  far  as  exi^1in;J;  church 
records  show  ju-rhaps  the  earliest  orgaiiizatidii  was  foriiied  l.y  Rev.  John 
Caspar  Siocver,  .SoptemVier.  1733,  who  termed  his  congregation  "Die  Evan- 
gclische  laitherische  Genieinde  an  dor  Kathores."  lie  served  as  pastor  for 
ten  years.  The  congregation  in  1744  l.uilt  a  log  chur.h  on  th^  site  where 
the  third  or  present  Christ  Lutiieraii  rluirdi  now  stands  on  S.mth  Cieorge 
street.     This  was  rephiced  by  a  s^one  l.nihling  in  17(ji'.     This  hit^r  bnihling 


^:r 


4  ^        ^~U^-~. 


S1!I 
I  «»5S         6.  „  ■ 


■"V?7?>?; 


'ry  jj-i 


THE  HIESTAND  VALLEY  HOTEL. 
IltTc   ri-(--;iil,'Tit    \\".i-il;i;i:i,.ii   w.is   riitM-t.iiiit  tl   in    1701. 


Stood  hero  during  the  Kev(dution  a'u.l  was  replaced  in  1<IA  bv  the  present 
structure,  which,  however,,  has  been  remodeled  and  a  separate  chapel  built 
which  is  termed  "The  Becldve. " 

The  German  Reformed  Imilt  their  first  church  on  the  present  site  two 
years  later,  in  17-lG.  This  was  also  a  log  biulding  which  was  followed  by  a 
stone  building  in  17(53.  Ihis  church  was  consumed  bv  fire  in  1797.  Thi' 
church  was  attended  by  liaron  Steuben  during  his  stav  in  York  during  the 
Revolution.  Philip  Livingston  was  buried  in  the  cliurch  burying  ground. 
Tiie  clergy  of  tli-  t..wn  received  invitations  to  tiie  fuunal.  Rev.'oeorge  Duf- 
field.  tiu.  chaplain  of  the  C.mgress,  delixer.'d  an  ad.lress  at  the  grave.  Congress 


20S 


IIIE  I'EXXSYrAAMA-GFh'MAy. 


resolved  "to  attend  the  funeral  at  six  o'cliick  p.  m..  A\itli  en-pe  arniiiid  tlie 
arm  and  to  continue  in  inourniny  for  tiie  Sjiacc  of  one  month."  I'rc^ident 
Wasliinoton  al<o  attended  this  chun-h  on  his  visit  here  in  1791  and  he 
record>-  in  his  diary  that  lie  undei^iood  not  a  single  word  of  tiie  sermon,  it 
being  in   German. 

This  buildino-  v.as  succeeded  by  the  present  structure  in  ISOO.  The  afore- 
said Lutheran  and  Reformed  churches  stand  laterally  to  tlie  street  which 
gives  tliem  a  quaint  and  excei)tional  appearance.  Both  congregations  still 
have  German  and  English  services. 

The  Moravi-ns  built  a  large  stone  building  which  was  used  as  a  church 
and  a  par.^onage  as'  e:^rly  as  17.'».i.  This  was  on  Princess  belcw  Water  s  leei. 
It  was  on  a  large  plot  of  ground  i>art  of  whicli  was  used  as  a  luirying 
ground.     Later   a   separate  ciuirch   building  %vas   erected,   mi    the   corner   of 


M  ii>  tr  i 


J^% 


Q  4 .^ 


4Til^'M' 


^.1_,,  1ifp   .r^--:.>: 


I. 


BALTZER  SPENGLER'S  FIRST  HOUSE,   BUILT  IN  1733. 
(Fr'jiu  a  rude  imaginary  sicotoh  of  Lt-w  is  MilliT's.) 


Princess  and  Water  which  was  followed  by  a  later  church  on  North  Duke 
street.  The  Moravian  diaries  that  were  kept  by  the  pastors  of  the  church 
are  especially  valuable  in  relation  to  the  details  of  events  that  occurred 
here  during  tlio  IN-volution.  Tliey  have  been  translated  by  ^Iv.  John  W. 
Jordan  and  ^Iv.  K.  W.  Spangler.  That  of  1777  is  missing  and  some  otlier 
years  are  inc(  niplete.  , 

During  the  e:,ilier  part  of  17S1  ":\rad"  Anthony  Wayne  had  his  head- 
quarters heie.  The  Pensylvania  Line  was  quartered  here  on  the  Commons 
DOW  Penn  Park.  Insubordination  and  mutiny  occurred  in  its  ranks.  Wayne 
subdued  the  disaffection  promptly  and  severely  liy  drum  head  courtmartial. 
Several  of  th'^  mutineers  (some  say  four,  others  seven),  were  siiot  kneeling 
against  the  fmce  of  the  ^LM•avian  grounds.  Tiie  troops  were  marched  past 
the  bodies.  These  j>rompt  and  severe  measures  struck  terror  into  the  ranks 
of   the  soldiery   and   no   further   trouble  ensued. 

The  ^liaries  rc-Mird  that  the  inliiix  of  lu'tcrogcneous  elements  had  a  verv  l,ad 


lllsToinr    YOliK. 


'im 


influence  upon  the  morals  of  tlic  connuuuity.  Fiequent  al;>.vms  anJ  dis- 
coveries of  plots  aiming'-  the  prisoners'  for  tiie  ea]ituro  of  the  Congress  anil 
the  burning  of  the  town  \Yere  unearthed.  These  diaries  are  interesting 
reading  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  these  and  other  documents  may  bo  pub- 
lished in   full. 

St.  Jolm's  i'rotestant  Episcopal  i-luurli   was  Imilt   in    1760.     It  has  since 
been   a  number  of  times  remodeleil  but  some  of  its  original  walls  are  snll 


'ir*it^^<' 


I.- 

r  - 

r- 


4^ 


-r 


I-"    •»•    *■ 


T     '^' 


i  t 


-11 


fct,"    I 


ha* 


^. 


""-]  I 


1.' 


■p    ^•«-v^  1 


BALTZER  SPENGLER'S  SECOND  HOUSE.   BUILT  IN  1760. 


included.  It  is  wrrtliy  of  renmrlv  that  this  was  one  of  the  four  Episcopal 
churches  in  the  State  outside  of  I'liiladidphia.  It  has  many  interesting 
historical  associations  c-onnected  •^vith  tlie  lie\"(dution.  It  \vas  used  as  an 
arsenal.  One  of  its'  rectors  was  a  royalist.  His  con\ictions  v.ere  so  offen- 
sive that  he  was  ducked  in  the  L'odorus.  This  was  in  177G  and  no  clergyman 
served  the  congregation  during  the  devolution.  Two  noted  soldiers  of  the 
Kevolution  wlio  \\cre  in  the  warm  confidence  of  General  "NN'ashingtcn  are 
interred  in  the  Innying  ground  of  tlie  church.  They  were  Colonel  Hartley 
and  Major  Jidin  (.'lark.  'J'hcir  compatriot,  (icrrral  HiMiry  Miller,  who  was 
long  a   resident   herv',   died  in   and   was  buried  at  Carlisle. 


270 


'/'///■;  yy;  A  AN )  i.  r  i  \/  i  (n:h'  \i.  i  a  . 


Eev.  Samuel  P.aet  ii,  an  Episonjnil  ^•Ipio;ynian,  established  tlic  first  Sunday- 
Sthool  ill  York  foiiiity  in  1S17.  That  of  ('iiiist  Lutlicran  eluiridi  dates  from 
J819.     Others  fonowed  sjjocdily  afterwards. 

The  Friends  were  aiiiong  the  earliest  settlers  in  tlie  country.  Tiiey  erected 
the  ^loetiniT  Houses  of  Xew  berry  and  ^\'a^riIlgton  already  in  174o  and  1747. 
Tliat  at  Xfc'uberry  was  succeeded  liy  tliat  of  Kedlands,  near  I.ewisberry  in 
l.'-ll.  These  Meeting  Houses  liave  l;urying  ground  attarhed  to  then'.  The 
houses  of  Warrington  anil  b'edlands  ha\e  been  restnred  and  services  are 
held  in  lliein  periodically.  Aiiotlier  Meeting  House  is  tliat  of  Fa^vn,  built  ii; 
the  \illage  of  Fawn  Ciro\e  in  th(^  lower  end  of  the  crountv  in  1790.     A  new 


'1    'F-. 
f   7    i*^-. 


V  ) 


K^ 
$ 

^ 


1  A- 


t  \,tt9V^S^^i^^'*S$     f 


^* 


^ 


tit  ^L-acf^  i-i^Jk  ,^^ 


-    ,J 


MAD  ANTHi:iNY   WAYNES   HKADQrAIiTEUS,   IVSl. 
Northwest  CuriuT  Market  ami   IJeavor  Streets.   Yurk,   I'a. 


house  was  built  some  years  ago.  Tlie  meeting  is  in  a  jrosperous  condition 
services  being  held  regularly. 

The  York  Meeting  House  was  built  in  17()<).  It  stands  on  Philadelphia 
stre<'t.  It  has  lieen  usually  claimed  that  the  lirieks  of  which  it  is  built  were 
impiorted  from  Knyland.  However,  ; his  is  now  believed  to  be  a  misinterpre- 
tation of  the  facts.  The  walls  were  erected  liy  a  member  of  the  Society, 
AVilliam  Willis,  whose  business  was  that  of  a  farmer  and  brieklayer.  His 
farm  containei]  the  well-known  Willis  spring.  Prospect  Hill  Cemetery, 
which  was  laid  out  in  1S59,  once  formed  part  of  his  farm.  The  farm  build- 
ings are  in  a  good  state  of  preservation.  His  initials  W.  W.,  1-7-G-7,  ex- 
tend over  the  south  wall  of  the  house.  The  barn  was  a  commodious  struc- 
ture for  that  early  time. 

He  also  built  the  walls  of  the  oM  Court  House  in  1754-0  and   of  the  old 


HISTORIC    YOIIK. 


.271 


stciie  jail  on  tlic  corner  of  Goor^fO  anil  King  streets,  \viiich  \vas  built  in 
17G9,  or  earlier.  A  later  jail  was  built  in  tlie  nortlieastern  part  of  the  town 
in  1S.35,  which  will  be  succeeiled  by  a  new  or  reinoilele<l  ImiMing  shortly. 
The  Willis  farm  renuiined  in  the  possession  of  his  sons  for  a  number  of 
years.     William   Willis   ilied  in   ISOl. 

The  Friends  were  among  the  first  Abolitionists.  The  famous  Protest  at 
Germantown  by  the  Quakers  and  Meain  nites  on  April  IStli,  IGSS,  was  the 
first  made  on  the  Western  Continent.  I'ndoubtedly  this  protest  grew  out  of 
the  advice  and  suggestions  gi\t'n  to  William  Peiin  by  i-Jenjamin  Fiirly,  of 
Rotterdam,  a  wealthy  Knglish  mt  reliant  of  t'.iat  city,  lie  was  burn  in  Eng- 
land but  became  a  resilient  of  Holland  and  identified  himself  witii  the 
Friends. 


COL,  THOMAS  HARTLEY. 


CATHERINE  HARTLEY. 


Diflfereut  lines  of  the  Underground  Eailroad  ran  through  this  town  and 
county.  It  is  clainuvl  that  this  odd  term  originated  at  Columbia.  Runaway 
slaves  could  be  hunted  and  traced  as  far  as  that  place,  but  there  all  traces 
of  them  were  h  st.  The  slave  hunters  in  their  perplexity  dedaretl  "  tliere 
must  be  an  underground  r;ulroad  somewhere.''  The  term  caught  the  pub- 
lic fancy  and  }>assed  into  the  literature  of  the  day. 

Many  exciting  adventures  took  place  in  this  connection.  On  Feliruary 
Gtli.  l'^40.  a  riot  oc<urred  at  the  (dd  Court  House  on  account  of  "  Berley 's 
Abolition  Lectures."  About  iSiJO  a  fugitive  slave,  who  junified  from  the 
garret  of  a  two-story  stone  house,  near  Lewisberry  (which  is  still  standing). 
was  sLcl  by  his  pursuing  Southern  master.  fSixteen  shots  were  taken  from 
the  wounds*.     He  recovered  and  was  taken  back  South. 

The  history  o*:'  the  underground  railroad  from  Harper's  Ferry  to  Columbia, 


272  Tin:   ri:\\SYL]AMA-(;i:h'MAX. 

cmiM  it  lie  writtoii  in  all  its  de'ails,  would  ],q  as  intt-icstiug  as  any  voniauce. 
Even  yet  r-cnsiilfialile  material  exists.    ■ 

The  Presbyterians  built  tlieir  first  house  of  WLUship  in  York  in  IT'.ni.  They 
had  been  crganized  long  picvicusly.  This  church  ^vas  succeeded  by  a  later 
edifice. 

The  Roman  Catholirs  rtniodeled  a  stone  building  iuto  a  church  in  1770. 
This  house  uas  Ijuilt  in  17."0.  This  was  snccei.^dod  by  a  brick  structure  in 
1810,  and  lately   l;y  an  imiicsing  eilitice. 

The  ^Slennonitcs.  and  Tuid;trs  cr  I'rcthren  were  In  re  at  an  early  period 
but  their  members  ha\e  never  been  s(.)  munerous  as  in  our  neighboring  cnunty. 

York  cnuntv  contains   three  distinct   ge:degical   bells.     The  lowt/r.   nldest. 


itf 


I  c  ■ ;  ^i  n  ■!  .J - 


^ 
^Yl 


::..-:^ 


i.  S, 


-^'v^^r.-;. 


MARKET  STREET,   EAbT  OF   BEAVER.   YORK.    PA..    1830. 


or  slate  in  its  southern  portion.  The  more  recent,  or  middle,  a  limestone 
in  which  York  is  located,  is  in  its  central  por.ion.  The  upper  or  newer,  or 
new  red  sandstone,  is  in  the  northern  portii.ai.  The  middle  portion  is  less 
in  area  than   either  ot"  the  others. 

The  county  has  an  area  of  less  than  1,000  sciuare  mile^.  The  three  natural 
divisions  were  settled  much  about  the  same  da. e,  on  or  a  little  before  1730. 
The  southern  portion  was  chiefly  settled  liy  the  Scotch-Irish,  who  were  Pres- 
byterians. The  center  was  settled  by  the  Germans,  who  were  Lutheran, 
German  Kcfornied,  ^Moravians,  ^[ennonites  and  Tankers.  The  north  was 
settled  chietly  by  Friends,  who  extended  into  what  is  now  Adams  county, 
which  was  before  1*^00  part  of  York  county.  The  Conewago  Creek  even  today 
abruptly  s-'[iarates  tlie  Er.gli'^li  ami  the  (jern.an  as  it  did  a  century  .ago.     Xo 


nrsTomc  york.  .  27:^ 

less  than  2,000  Friends  IkkI  settled  in  the  county  iimre  than  a  century  ago. 
Many  of  these  people  removed  and  many  of  their  desremhins  have  become 
connected  with  other  churches.  The  Episcopalians  settled  in  York.  They 
were  not  numerous,  but  influential. 

Most  of  the  earlier  houses  of  York  were  very  small  and  mostly  but  a 
single  story  in  height.  The  first  house  of  Baltzer  S{iangler  is  a  fair  speci- 
men of  the  earliest  architecture.     Later  an  improved  story  and  a  half  house 


iii-C  r»/se."!si .^iiiJiiV 


...'.^   .■J..\.ii3i-' 


,_...:..;..i--.j 


Tile  C.-riiian  Liitlioriui  riniri^b,  Ym-k.  17i:ii-1n12.  I'Mrish  S'l-h 

.Skftcli  of  I),  .SpiiiHiUr    \\\((iiter.  from  the  dixiicin 


lions 
'■1.5  MilUr. 


■  of  Iir.  J..l:i,  n- 


with  dormer  windows  extending  from  the  roof  Ijecame  \ery  popular.  Many 
of  the  earlier  houses  were  built  of  logs^  ^\hil■h  were,  later,  weather-boarded 
or  rough-coated,  of  which  some  specimens  are  still   standing. 

Y'ork  did  not  contain  over  three  hundred  houses  during  the  Revolution. 
It's  population  then  was  about  1,500.  Lancaster  with  a  population  of  over 
4,000  was  said  to  be  the  largest  inland  town  in  the  colonies.  Y'ork  contained 
a  very  large  number  of  the  aforesaid  buildings  till  aftv^r  the  Civil  War. 
They   have  disappeared  very  rapidly  since  York  has  become  a  city  and  iu  a 


274  77//;    l'i:\\SYfA  A\r\-(lJ:h'MA.\. 

sliort  time  ^vi!l  1  ol'ohic  very  rnre.  i^cme  of  these  Imuses  -with  the  ileniamls 
of  the  tiir.e  have  been  raided  aiinther  story  and  inw  prrseiit  a  inon^  inock'ru 
appearaiue. 

One  of  tlie  oMest  large,  brick  ilwellinys  stands  on  the  southwest  corui-r  of 
Market  and  Jjcaver  streets.  Jt  is  now  partly  oeeuj'ieil  liy  tin>  Adams  llxjiress 
office.  ]t  was  liuilt  by  Major  .Tolin  Clark  ol'  Kevoiutionary  fame,  who  lias 
already  been  noticed. 

The  house  ou  the  opposite  corner  was  the  headquarters  of  "Mad"  Au- 


'mr' 


,      _i_     »■<:_„  .v>r»-- ■»"'■•'' 


,M 


OLD  COURT  HOUSE  SQUARE.  YORK.  PA. 


1.      Section  of  Murkot  11.  lu- 
.3.     State  House. 


-.      Cniirt   Ilmise.   occtiiiiod  by   tlio  ruutiiiont.-il   (.'oii^'i>' 
4.      l!eiij:niiin  ll.jishs  Inn.  .3.      ( lott  liib  Zi. 


s,    1777-S. 
j.'le's  Inn. 


th<iny  Wayne  durinir  his  stay  in  York  in  17S1.  The  trees  that  are  seen  on 
the  side  are  belifved  to  be  2.50  years  old. 

Tlie  Smyser  hi>u-;e,  comer  of  Market  and  Xeuberry,  was  built  in  1773. 
Some  of  its  occupants  were  taken  out  of  the  upper  story  windows  in  the 
great  tlood  of  the  Codorus  Creek  in  l>il7.  Twice  since,  in  ISS-i  and  in  1SS9. 
has  this  "  tloo<l  district"  been  invaded.  The  Codorus  speedily  rose  to  a 
height  of  twenty-five  feet  above  low  water  nuirk.  It  appeared  like  a  raging 
river  nearly  one  half  niile  in  width,  sweeping  away  bridges  and  buildings 
and  doing  an  immense  amount  of  damage,  especially  in  its  later  visitations. 
It  has  been  fomjiuted  there  was  a  rainfall  of  twelve  inches. 

York  has  always  iiad  a  largo  miniber  of  lioifl--.  The  large  number  of  srage 
line-  and  great  amr.uni  of  tr:i\el  before  the  days  oi  railroads  created  a  neces- 


IllsTOh'ir    YOh'K.  L'T.-) 

pity  for  tlio'^e  li'-^trlvios.  A  liottl  liiriisf  was  aln^in'v  ^rniitt.'(l  in  the  tirst 
year  uf  tlic  town's  cxisti'iicL'.  l'.'ilt/.(r  Spaii^lcr 's  first  liduse  nt'  17;i:!.  aui.-ur'l- 
ing  tt)  L(  ti'  Miller,  liail  tlie  iKHiur  ot'  fiitcrtaiiiiii^  I'lumias  aTnl  Kiehard  l\ini. 
He  qiiaintiy  says:  • '  \Vlieii  William  {!)  ami  JJicliard  I'ciin  laiil  out  tlio  t"\vu 
of  York  they  were  at  tlie  old  house  of  Baltzer  Si'aiiuler,  1741,  and  ga\  e 
Mrs.  Spani;!er  a  pound  of  tea  to  ir.ake  fcr  sujijier  and  she,  never  liavino-  seen 
tea  before,  took  it  for  greens  and  {tut  it  in  a  small  kettle  and  boiled  it  with 
bacon.  At  tliat  tin;e  tliei'e  vere  Indians  alniut  and  eame  to  Spangler's  fur 
son'.e  whiskey.  Sjumgler  had  a  small  still  whieh  lie  brought  from  (iermany."' 
Biiltzer  Spangler's  hotel,  Imilt  in  ITtiu,  wlueh  is  still  standing,  is  next  to 
the  Sehultz  house,  the  oldt^st  Intrl  building  in  tlie  county.  Neither  of  the 
two  buildings  are  noAV  used  for  hotel  purposes. 


-' :  ■-* 


■^ 


.^idf 


i\\:,:.t- 


THE  STAGE  COACH  OF  OLD. 


The  Helstam.l  A'alley  Hotel,  a  ver}'  large  stone  building  about  three  mi';i-3 
east  of  York,  is  a  noted  l.-inchnark.  It  is  not  as  old  as  the  former,  but  was 
later,  supplied  as  a  missing  link  lu'tweeu  the  jirevicus  mics  inentii.med.  It 
was  kept  by  a  ^^^.  IJaril  in  the  la.  ter  part  of  the  eighteenth  eentury.  The 
accounts  that  have  cduie  down  to  us  of  the  parties  and  balls,  especially  dur- 
ing the  sleighiag  season  of  the  winters,  would  make  interesting  reading'. 
Later  the  York  and  Susquehanna  turnpike  came  by  and  the  old  road<  beiuLT 
changed  gave  it  a  larger  patronage.  It  is  now  used  as  a  farm  house.  The 
Washington  House  in  York  entertained  such  worthies  as  Webster  and  Clay, 
and  Presidents  Taylor  and  Johnson. 

Lafayette   and   many   others    who   had    participate'!   in    the   Ee\"<jlution   re- 


2T<',  77//;  /•/;.v.\.sv/>r  I  \7.i-f;/;A'i/  i.v. 

tunif'il  to  see  the  [u\\n  to  wliich  su  ni;iiiy  aiixidus  eyes  \verc  turned  durinij 
tin    ^Iddiiiiest  period  of  tlie  Kevoluti(  n. 

The  National  Hotel  in  York  is  a  pvdinitu'nt  ?tructure  whieh  was  built 
many  years  ago.  f'harles  Dickens,  tlie  Knglish  novelist,  relates  that  during 
his  visit  to  America  in  1S41,  he  was  lure  served  with  the  best  piece  of  roast 
beef,  while  on  his  visit  lo  this  cnuntry.  Tlis  ninth  chapter  of  ' '  Anu'riran 
Xctes, "  which  rela'.es  to  his  stop  here  in  York  antl  his  journey  to  Ilarris- 
Vjurg  by  stage  across  the  camel-baek  bridge,  and  thence  to  Pittsliurg  by 
canal  and  portage  railroad,  is  interesting  reading  aftir  a  lapsi^  of  sixty  years. 

York  and  Y'ork  county  ha\"e  also  been  jdnneers  in  in\'ention  and  disto\ery. 


s9-?»'^«r».r^.«?w3:?*?r  *■?  'j 


M:  ^i  ;J: 


r^i 

ril' 

». 

iv.'i 

y: 

X 

i 

i 

,«s 

*i 

j" 

-^:  1 

1  U  3  4  5  6 

COURT  HOUSE   SQUARE,    YORK.    1820. 
1.      <;:nilu.'i-'s  .-■["Vi-.  ■_'.      Mci;r;itirs  Imi. 

."..      Late   r.iiltZ'-r  ."^pi'ii^IiT'-s   I'.l;ii  k    li.  rsi'   Iim,  in   wbieli   Gni.    Wa-iliiiiL'tini  QiiartiTt'ii. 
4.      Will.  Ni'>'  .>-•:. .I.-.        '  .">.      MarktH  H.ais.'. 

0.      Old  Cant  1I..USI'.  wln'i-.-  tlu'  C'.iutiui-iu.il  Ccnt'i'i  s^  ui.  t. 


In  ]^2.')  John  Kigiir  n  nstrurtcd  a  sixty  liv  nine  foot  steand)oat.  \Aeigh;ng 
five  tons,  whii-h  uas  |  ropelled  frctn  \'ork  lla\fn  to  Hinghainton,  Xew  York. 
Tliis  boat  was  called  "The  ( 'udm-us, ' "  and  uas  tlu'  first  of  its  kind  e\ei- 
built.  He  also  lecame  notod  afterwards  as  tlie  inventor  of  turn-rab!es, 
switiJies,  fhill  bearings,  jdate  wheels  and  spring.-  for  luirden  cars.  Pluneas 
Davis  in  ISol  constructed  tlio  first  loci  motive  ever  built  in  the  Union  that 
useil  foal  and  Wiis  put  in  acti\e  use  on  a  railroad.  It  was  called  ''The 
Y'ork. "  and  was  built  for  and  used  by  the  I'.altinuire  and  Ohio  Eailroad,  and 
is  still  in  existence  anil  has  been  exhibited  in  tlie  expositions  of  Pliiladelphia 
and   '_'iii<-ago  as   an   early    ■uriesity. 

Go'lfrcy    I.cnliart    made    grandfa  lier   (doiks    lieariiig    the   ini|iriiit    "  York- 
tesn.''  in  the  t-igiiteenrh  centurv,   uh'ch   were  eagerlv  sought   for  a  century 


nrsTORir  yurk. 


latpr.    Ho  hna  a  son.  Willia,,,,  av1,o  l.ocaino  one  of  the  note,]  matheniati. 
ot  modern  times. 

Daniel  Kirkweo.1,  a  noted  astrunui.ier  and  math,  tuati.iaii,  \vas  for  a 
a  teacher  in  tlie  York  County  Academy  l„unde,l  in  17^7.     This  Acad.-my 
held  a  notable  history.     With  the  CullVuiate  Institute  and  Cottage  Kill 
lege,  It   exercised   an  ennnnous  inlluenre.     York  county   has  634   school 
which  134  are  in   the  city. 


The  Melsheimers,  father  and  tuu  suns-,  \vere  prouounce.l  by 
entomolo;?ist  Say  to  be  the  fathers  of  entomology  in  the  I'nited  ^.^.., 
elder  ^Felsh^eimer  was  a  Lutlieran  clergyman  at  Hanover.  York  eountV 


the  En; 

States. 


time 
■  has 
Col- 
s   of 

ilish 

The 

He 


\^_ 


^^'^^y  r~^.. 


/ 


c*: 


\.-^'r! 


M  i  E 


m 


^^  \  ^  :t  M  d 


t?-'^^^ 


IS?*-; 


i-^':-gi^\'',f*>    "^  i;    I  if    ;-     .    i-  -^;- '"I 


^h 


- '  ^^': '  ^M&^^t'^'^^-r^- l^te;^ 


•  »  ■^^li^ani.ara^l^sSSSl^'S^gJEV! 


McGRATHS  INN,   YORK. 
■V\"here  General  Lafayette  was  entertained  in  1S24. 

was  born  in  Germany  in  1749.  He  came  to  Hanoyer  in  17sO  and  .lied  there 
m  1S14.  He  %vas  succeeded  as  minister  by  his  s.,n.  Key.  John  F.  Melslieinier 
who  came  m  possession  of  his  father's  library  and  collections.  He  had  inher- 
ited his  father's  hne  for  natural  history.  Both  father  and  son  had  been  in 
corresrondenee  with  entomologists  of  Great  Britain  and  the  Continent.  The 
elder  Melsheimer  published  the  well-known  catalogue  of  '-Insects  of  Penn- 
syhama  in  ISOG.  It  contains  sixty  pages  and  is  no^y  yerv  rare.  It  con- 
tained a  description  and  classification  of  1,363  species  of  beetles  and  was  t'.e 
first  work  Of  the  kind  eyer  published  in  An.erica.  Dr.  Knoch,  of  Genna.n-. 
pubbshea  a  book  ,n  isol.  dedicate.1  to  the  elder  Melshein.er.  The  son  ReV. 
J.   i.   Melsheimer,   .iiod  about    bS3(..    and    his    brotlier,    Dr.    Ernst  Frederick 


278 


Tin:  I'EWs i7.r.LV/ 1  -<;/:/m/.i .\ . 


!N[eNliPinior,  iiilicritoil  the  collections  tiii<l  lilirary  tliat  had  been  aceuniulated 
hy  his  father  ami  hruther.  Hr.  MelshcMiiier.  the  ynun^iT,  rcuHned  to  a  small 
village  called  Davidslmi;^-,  in  York  county,  whore  ho  practiced  his  jirofessiun 
for  more  than  fifty  years.  Ife  died  tliere  in  iSi:'  at  the  advanced  age  of 
ninety-one  years. 

Far  removed  froTn  communication  with  the  world  of  science,  he  was  great- 
ly surprised  to  learn  that  his  father's  book  was  well  known  and  mentioned 
in  German,  English  and  ]'"'rench  works  which  fact  was  comnuinicated  to  him 


■  ■  iS^-:*^^.^*^^^?^' ■^^i'ip*?''- -3? 


-t.  v.- 


1. 


/. 


CAMP  LAFAYETTE,   YORK,   PA.,   1841. 


by  Dt.  Carl  Zimmerman,  of  Harvard,  who  had  walked  from  York  to  Han- 
over in  1S34  to  see  Ihe  elder  ^[elsheimer,  but  learned  that  he  hatl  been  dead 
for  twenty  years.  His  elder  son  had  died  fcnv  years  ]ir(wiously.  He  then 
went  to  Da\'idsburg  to  see  the  younger  brother  and  found  him  living  in  the 
midst  of  a  forest.  His  wife  was  at  tlie  spinning  whetd.  The  house  was  rude- 
ly constructed  with  boards  and  painted  red.  This  was  before  the  flays  of 
railroads.  And  yet  under  tliese  disad\antagcs  these  men  struggled  to  create 
a  science  which  then  seemetl  to  have  little  practical  value  and  wliich  doulitless 
procured  him  Kttlo  sympathy  among  their  surroundings. 

Twice  more,  in  1S.'?9,  Dr.  Zimmerman  visited  Dr.  Melsheimer  in  c.Tinpany 
with  Eev.  Daniel  Zeiglor,  a  Reft  nncl  miinster  from  York,  who  had  also  be- 
gun  to    turn    his   attention    to   entomohiLiy. 


niHTORIC    YORK.  279 

In  ]S42  the  entnmoloffieal  stu-iety  of  Pcriiisylvniiin  was  furniod  and  Dr. 
ilelshtinicr,  of  Daviilsbiirg,  was  jlysen  its  iUfsiiUiit  in  IS.');;.  ]Wv.  Dr.  ,1. 
G.  iforris,  a  DutinTan  clergyman  from  P.altimore,  also  was  a  menilior  of  this 
society.  Dotli  reverend  gentlemen  are  now  doeeased.  Their  puidl,  Mr. 
George  Miller,  a  practical  entomologist  of  York,  survives,  and  has  at-cuniu- 
lated  a  creditable  collection. 

The  Melshe'mer  and  Ziegler  collections  were  bought  in  1SG4  by  the  dis- 
tinguished naturalist.  Prof.  Louis  Agassiz,  for  Harvard  University,  and  oc- 
cupy a  prominent  place  in  its  museum,  and  arc  highly  prized.  The  ^[cls- 
heimer  collectinn  filled  forty-one  wooden  boxes  3  0',^.  by  14  inches,  and  two 
inches  high.  They  contained  5,302  specie.-^'  and  14,774  specimens.  The  price 
paid  was  $2.")0.  The  Zeigler  collection  contained  5,302  species  witli  11.837 
specimens.     Of  course  not  all  the  species  belonged  to  the  United  States. 

Some  of  our  York  county  boys  left  here  more  than  a  half  century  ago  and 
afterwards  became  noted.     Samuel  Toomey,  of  Canal  Dover,  Ohio,  left  here 


YORK,   PENNSYLVANIA,   1S50. 


in  1S47  and  walked  to  Ohio  and  commenced  the  world  without  a  dollar.  He 
invented  the  bent  felloe,  or  at  least  made  it  a  practical  invention.  He 
has  established  a  large  and  prosperous  business. 

Isaac  ]^Ierritt  Singer,  who  worked  here  as  a  journeynum  tailor,  married 
here.  He  later  ma<le  ilie  sewing  machine  a  practical  invention  in  Boston 
on  a  borrowed  capital  of  tifty  dollars.  He  worked  conrinuiusly  for  twelve 
days  and  success  crowned  his  etVorts.  He  faced  popular  incredulity,  after 
this,  in  denujiistrating  the  claims  of  his  in\entinn,  bur  he  overcame  all 
obstacles. 

Daniel  Minnich  was  a  York  county  boy.  He  was  kidnapped  at  nine  years 
of  age  by  a  traveling  magician.  He  la  cr  became  an  accomplished  knight  of 
the  "sawdust  arena."  As  an  all  around  [lerformer  he  had  feu  e<:iaals  and 
possibly  no  superior.  He  was  one  of  tlie  three  Daniels,  iucluding  Rice  and 
Gardner,  whose  names  became  household  words. 

The  Studebaker  Brothers,  the  larytst  wagon  and  carriage  builders  in  the 
world,  at  South  Bmd,  Indiana,  wore  ii;\ri\t's  nf  the  avljoining  county  of 
Ad;imp.   once  a   par.   uf  Y'ork  cuunty.      They    began   lite  in   luunble  circum- 


280                      77//;  pf:\ysyLVA\[A-(i/:N]fA\.  | 

stances  near  Ashland,  Ohio,  and  later  removed  to  Indiana,  and  by  degrees  | 

established   their    Ini'^incss.  -^ 

Hervey  TIannnoud,  of  Lewisberry,  York  county,  invented  a  \\indo\v  sash  :^ 
spring  in  1S37,  -ivhich  was  introducetl  into  the  White  House  and  other  pub-             '     5= 

lie  places.  ^ 

Simon  Snyder,  a  future  governor  of  the  State,  learned  the  trade  of  a  tan-  I 

ner  in  York.  4 

James  Lick,   of   Lebanon   county,   the   well-known   California   millionaire,  ; 

learned  the  trade  of  building  organs  in  Hanover,  of  this  county.  \ 

^^arly  Scotch-Irish  names,  besides  the  McKinleys,  became  prominent  in  the  | 

history  of  the  country.  5 

The  ancestors  of  President  James  K.  Polk  lived  just  across  the  border  in  -. 

Maryland.     At  an  early  day  they  removed  to  North  Carolina   and  later  to  s 

Tennessee.    Colonel  Thomas  Polk  was  President  of  the  convention  that  fram-  < 

ed  the  Mecklenburg  Declaration  of  Indejendence  in  1775.     Across  tl;e  river,  i. 


"^; 


fttlJ^,-. 


K-Tfs-- 


WEST  MARKET  STREET,   YORK,   1850. 

in  Lancaster  County,  were  settled  the  ancestors  of  John  C.  Calhoun,  who 
afterward  moved  to  Sou'di  Carolina. 

Robert  Fulton  was  born  across  the  rivtr  in  Lancrster  county,  and  a  town- 
ship has  been  named  in  his  honor.  The  parents  of  the  note<l  Davy  Crockett 
were  natives  of  York  county  and  the  border  of  r^Iaryland.  Such  names  as 
Lewis,  Kwing,  Hendrick.'j,  Butler,  Black,  Brackenridge,  Ross,  Rowan,  Dill, 
McAllister,  Franklin.  Quay  and  a  host  of  others  not  mentioned,  have  been 
more  or  less  identified  with  the  interests  of  the  county  and  have  shed  lustre 
upon  it. 

York  county  has  had  some  noted  writers  of  Pennsylvania-German  poems, 
among  whom  may  be  named  Rev.  Adam  Stump,  Mr.  Henry  L.  Fisher  and 
Miss  Rachel  Balm,  late  of  Hellam.  The  latter  had  been  a  helpless  sufferer 
for  over  fifty  years  previous  to  her  death  a  year  ago.  But  under  these  ad- 
verse circumstances  she  has  produced  a  volume  of  poems  that  express  rare 
pathos  and  beauty.  Prof.  George  R.  Prowell  has  been  an  industrious  in- 
vestigator of  our  local  history  and  we  express  our  indebtedness  to  him  for 
many  facts  and  suggestions  in   the  prijiaration  of  this  paper.     Mr.   E.  W\ 


HISTORIC    yolv'K.  2S1 

Spanjjlcr  has  written  a  huge  work  on  gonoalogy  ami  local  history  of  great 
value. 

During  the  past  century  York  eounty  has  been  extensively  engaged  in  the 
raising  and  culture  of  tobacco.  As  many  as  l-.OOO  acres'  liave  been  plante<l 
in  a  single  season.  In  the  manufacture  of  cigars,  according  to  the  Revenue 
Deijartincnt,  it  leads  all  other  counties  iu  the  Union.  Sime  towns  in  tlie 
county  are  almost  entirely  devoted  to  this  industry. 

York  and  York  county  have  had  an  lumoralile  record  in  tlie  annals  of 
patriotism.  On  .July  1st.  .1775,  Captain  Miciiacl  l>ou<lel 's  eompany  of  rifle- 
men left  York  for  I-5ost(in.  They  were  the  first  troops  from  s'outli  or  west 
of  the  Hudson  ri\er  to  read)  IjOs'i  n  and  weie  at  once  assigned  to  the  most 
arduous  duties,  after  a  continuous  n^arcli  of  twenty-five  days.  Clark  and 
Miller  who  afterwards  becan.e  noted  were  with  the  company.  This  comjiany 
was  later  organized  into  a  regiment  of  riflemen  with  conipanies  from  Berks. 
Bedford,  Cumljerland,  Daupliin,  Franklin,  Lancaster,  Xorthampton  and 
Northumberland  counties,  wiiidi  was  commanded  by  Colonel  William  Thomp- 
son, and  later  liy  (^'oh^iel  Hand.  They  were  unfailing  marksmen.  Froth- 
ingham  in  his  ''Siege  of  Boston''  says:  ''They  were  terrilde  to  the  British, 
being  stationed  on  the  lines.  At  a  review^  a  company  of  them  while  on  a 
quick  advance,  fired  their  balls  into  objects  seven  inches  iu  diameter  at  a 
distance  of  I'-'D  yards.  The  accounts  of  their  prowess  were  circulated  in 
Englantl.  One  of  them  was  taken  pris'oner  and  carried  there  and  the  papers 
described  him  as  a  remarkable  curiosity. 

In  tlie  War  of  181:2,  a  company  of  young  men  under  command  of  Captain 
Michael  Spangler  was  attached  to  the  Fifth  Maryland  Regiment,  and  greatly 
distinguished  itself  in  the  defence  of  Baltimore  at  tlie  battle  of  Xortli 
Point.  The  York  "Comin(ms"  had  5,000  men  upon  it  ready  to  march  at  a 
moment's  notice.  But  the  enemy  had  received  a  decided  check  and  their 
services  were  not  needed. 

"The  Commons,"  now  known  as  I'enn  Park  has  had  an  interesting  his- 
tory, first  in  the  Revolution,  then  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  lastly  iu  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion.  iMany  wounded  men  were  brought  to  the  hospitals 
erected  there  during  the  latter  War.  ^tany  died  of  their  wounds  and  are 
buried  in  a  plot  in  Prospect  Hill  Cemetery.  A  tasteful  monument  has  been 
erecte<l  there  to  their  memory.  Penn  Park  also  has  a  tasteful  and  conspicu- 
ous monument  erected  to  the  memory  of  the  soldiers  and  sailors  from  York 
county. 

After  the  tiring  on  Sumter  and  the  call  for  troops  the  Worth  Infantry  and 
the  Y'ork  Rilies,  two  noted  local  organizations',  promptly  responded  to  the 
call  for  troops  and  have  had  medals  given  them  by  the  State  as  its  First 
Defenders.  Again  in  the  Spanish-American  War,  Companies  A  and  I  of  ihe 
National  Guard,  Eighth  Regiment,  promptly  re.s])onde<l  to  tiio  call  for 
troops.  iMany  individuals  have  been  in  the  arms  of  the  regular  and  naval 
service  and  have  had  honorable  careers  and  records  in  Cuba,  China  and  the 
Philippines. 

Y'ork  county  contains  some  curious  natural  features.  Round  Top.  in  the 
northwestern  part  r.f  tlie  county^  is  the  higliest  elevated  position  in  the  cmui- 


282 


THE   PUXXSYfAW  \[A-(;f:RM.\\. 


tv,  rpachin;,'  LllO  feet  oltovo  tlie  sc^a  level.  In  the  Now  lu'il  Samlstone  Eegion 
of  the  upper  end  tlie  oeoloo;ieal  niai>  gi\es  evidences  of  marked  protrusions 
of  priinitivf  t,'ranitii'  ro.-ks  tlirouyh  tlie  new  red  sandstone  formation.  Below 
Middletown  Ferry,  in  the  river  is  the  noted  Hill  Island.  Tliis  is  a  high  knob 
or  elevation  forming  an  island  of  considerable  extent  embracing  several 
farms.  It  [irobably  formed  part  of  the  York  county  side  in  past  time,  the 
river  having  cut  a  channel  through  the  low  connecting  neck. 

Opposite  Goldsboro,  and  above  Conewago  Falls  several  miles  below  Golds- 
boro,  tlie  river  reaches  i;s  greatest  width  of  two  miles  or  more.     Tlie  "  Cone- 


12  3  4  5 

MARKET  STREET,  YORK,   WEST  OF  WATER,   1830. 

1.      >Ir.  DouJi-l's  luii.  :.'.      Viiriliiut  Eiigii:t>  IIi  use.  ."..      DdiuIi-I's  Tan  Yard. 

i.     Cotlorus  BfiiU'L'.       '  .').     Ziejitei-'s  Store. 


wage  Falls"  above  York  Haven,  are  an  interesting  object  in  the  course  of 
the  river.  They  oll'ered  an  obstacle  to  ri\  er  navigation  in  tlie  days  when 
public  improvements  l)v  water  ways  were  belie\ed  to  be  a  prime  necessity. 
Steps*  were  already  taken  before  the  Revolution  to  overcome  the  ditficulty. 
r>ut  the  commencement  of  hostilities  cau«eil  these  measures  to  lie  quiescent 
till  peace  was  restored.  In  ITS!)  the  snbjivt  of  a  canal  ^\as  broached  which 
was  at  last  completed  in  17t>7.  It  was  about  a  mile  in  length,  forty  feet  wide 
and  four  feet  deep.  It  had  two  locks  which  overcame  a  fall  of  nineteen 
feet.  It  cost  >1 110,000.  It  was  formallv  opened  by  Governor  Mit^in  on 
Xnvember  "J'Jd.  1797.  An  opposition  canal  was  commenced  on  the  I,anca«ter 


HfSTOh'IC    YOUK. 


283 


county  siilo  but  ended  in  failure.  This  oanal  was  the  first  in  Pennsylvania 
if  iHit  in  the  Unied  States. 

The  canal  was  a  success,  hut  after  its  completion  '"'arks''  coninicneed  to  go 
throufih  the  natural  channel  of  thf  "rapids."'  Tlie  experience  was  said  to 
have  been  exciting  and  dangerous.  Imt  as  time  went  on.  pilots  grew  ex- 
perienced and  the  dangers  diminished. 

At  the  foot  of  the  rapids  on  the  Vork  county  side  just  above  where  tlie 
Big  Couewago  Creek  enijities  in  tlie  river,  York  Haven  was  laid  out  in  lsl4. 


*^*%>,«!>^' 


%^-vi      'Si  -*.: 


i3fci««;.-.i.fc.-Jl 


THK     I'liMIAX     (IF     Till-:     (■((M;\VA(.()     WITH     Till:     SfSQIKHAXXA     AT 
VOKKIIAVKX.    I'A. 
Kiv.T    d'ixvs   siMitli — C'rt'oU    111  itlnvard. 


This  point  was  about  ten  niiks  nortii  of  York.  Great  business  pr<\iects 
were  inaugurated  tiiere  liy  Phihidtdphia  and  Baltimore  ca()italists.  \vlio 
aroused  great  expectations  for  the  future  of  '.he  place.  This  was  before  the 
days  of  canals  and  railioacls.  York  Haven  was  prosperous  and  had  a  large 
hotel  at  whieh  many  celebrities  stopped.  Lafayette  and  Secretary  of  War 
I.owis  Cass,  among  other  notabilities,  were  guests  of  this  hostelry.  But 
after  the  advent  of  canals,  and  especially  railways,  a  prominent  line  of  which 
passed  through  the  place,  the  Conestoga  wagon  trains  speedily  disappeared. 
Y'ork  Haven  then  woTit  into  d.ecadfuce  and  the  town  became  a  memorv  of 
more  prosperous  days.     In  ls>."i  the  Conewago  Paper  Mill  Company  hoaght 


284 


THE   PEWS  YLV.  1  XL  1  -fJEh'M.  I A  . 


the  site  of  the  .Hills-  n.,,1  uafr  power.  The  eannl  was  wideiicl  aiM  the  fall 
ot  water  in  the  .anal  increase.l  to  twenty-nine  feet.  York  Haven  bc-an.o 
rejnvenateJ  an,l  a  new  lease  of  life  was  ouen  it.  A  similar  resuscitation 
seldom  oceurs  ,n  the  history  of  a  town.  The  great  West  affords  instances 
Of  towns  build.n^^  up,  tliriving  for  a  time,  and  then  being  taken  down'  in 
sections  and  set  np  at  more  favorable  points!  Of  course  York  ITaven  pos- 
sessed natural  features  that  were  absent  elsewhere  and  thus  made  an  ex- 
ceptional history  a  possibility.  It  gives  en,pl.,yn,ent  to  a  large  number  .'f 
■     persons. 

Spring  Grove,  a  town  midway  between  Hamiver  and  York  is  al*o  de- 
voted to  making  paper  of  a  high  grade.  It  is  a  town  of  rare  prosperit^v  and 
beauty,  and  hard  times  have  never  been  known  there.  The  Big  Conewacro 
treek  arises  in  the  South  Mountain  in  Adams  countv.  After  takino-  ^  .'rr- 
eu.tous  and  meand.ering  course,  it  at  last  Hows  into  the  river  betuw  the 
Conewago  Falls,  at  York  Haven.  The  Little  Conewago  enters  it  a  fe^v  nules 
above  Its  mouth.  The  forn.er  stream  in  part  of  its  course  is  rapid  and  has 
considerable  fall.  During  the  great  tb.od  of  lsy4  it  rose  thirtv-six  feet  ab„ve 
lc«  water  nark,  doing  an  inmcnse  amount  of  damage. 

The  P.ig  Conewag,.  presents  an  interesting  curirritv.  Some  distance  be- 
low wlH-re  the  Little  C.newago  becomes  tributary  to  it  some  time  in  the 
past  the  creek  o^  erflowe.l  its  banks  during  high  water  and  took  a  drect 
course  erst  toward  the  river.  Being  deflected  from  ihis  course  it  pa^^.d 
down  parallel  with  the  bank  of  the  river  and  entered  it  at  Xew  liollmd 
two  miles  below.  Within  a  half  mile  of  its  mouth  there  is  a  shnrt  bifur- 
cation. When  the  rivtr  is  high  it  tlows  toward  the  creek.  When  the  <-reek  is 
high  It  flows  toward  tin-  river  in  tl,e  shorter  branch.  The  main  south  branch 
ot  the  creek,  during  high  water,  is  a  rapid  strean,.  During  low  wafr  it 
IS  s  ug.,sh  or  be..on,es  dry.  The  ncrtl.  or  main  bran<d,  of  the  Conewago  runs 
north  almost  parallel  with  the  river  but  up  stream  about  three  nules  and 
empties  into  the  river  at  the  lower  end  uf  ;he  Conewago  Falls,  at  York 
Haven.  This  com-se  seen.s  at  first  sight  to  be  a  ,-ase  of  water  running  up 
hill  apparently.     The  configuration  of  the  countrv  is  curious 

These  branches  form  a  .lelta  of  about  fi^•e  s.,uare  miles.     Whether  a  simi- 
ar  exanip  e  ex.sts  elseuhere  is  a  question.     It  may  be  noted  in  this  cuinec- 

Ounoco  wit  the  Rner  ^egr^,  a  tributary  ,.f  the  An.azon.  It  sometimes 
flows  from  the  Orinoco  into  the  River  Xegiv,  and  son.etin.es  in  the  opposite 
clirect.on  as  the  water  is  high  or  low  m  the  rivers  which  it  connects 

na  u  acturing  plants  and  for  other  purposes.  Thus  what  are  tern.ed  ob- 
stacles or  evils  m  one  age  become  blessings  in  future  times 

senl^menr"l';'t."'7"V'-'"'''  '''  '^'  ^  ^^^"'^'  ^"^'--^^^^  ^^^  ^'^  -^-1'-* 
settl  n.ent      At  the  foundation  of  the  county  in  1749,  it  had  a  population 

in  1 -;;'.:';''''  ^--^'"^/-o  territory  of  Adams  eou^y.  This  po  i.l  on 
.n  l.ol  had  increased  to  S.OOn.  In  1790  the  population  was  37.717.  When 
-X.ian.s  was  taken  fren.  the  territory  of  York  in   1800,  it  left   Vork  -o.(i:U. 


HISTORIC    YORK. 


28o 


Till  ]SoO  tins  popiibifion  lunl  iiicionst'il  to  r)7.4.'iO.  In  1900  Ihe  impulatiuii 
re;u-lie<-l  1]G,47S.     Tin-  iinpulatiou  tluis  far  lias'  tlouhioil  itself  in  fifty  years. 

The  town  of  Yoik  has,  liowever,  liad  a  more  rapid  increase.  xVt  the  close 
of  the  Kevolutionaiy  War  in  178:!  tlie  pojmlation  tlieu  taken  was  1,779.  In 
1>U0  it  reached  2,503.  Till  l^.:u  it  iia.l  reached  0,9(33.  At  the  beginning  of 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion  it  was  about  9,000.  The  growth  during  the  next 
twenty  years  or  till  18S0  was  steady,  reaehing  13,971.  In  1S90  it  had  reach- 
ed 20,S-19,  and  in  1900,  33,70S.  Since  then  the  growth  has  been  very  rapid 
and  with  the  suburbs  would  make  a  largely  increased  population. 

The  market  sheds  of  Center  Square  liave  been  rej>laced  liy  an  open  square 


.1^ 


m  rrt  r^s  fffl  i:?^ 


•^_L.A?Ii-i*li^.l-;>-'^— -~"  ^^ 


ri :  ! 


CENTRE  SaUARE,   YORK.   1896, 
Colonial  IIoti.1.  Iluiii's  Huiiaiii 


(N\ 


1  and  2  above.) 


market  and  four  largo  market  houses  in  various  parts  of  the  town,  which 
hold  thirteen  marke'.s  weekly,  including  all  week  days  but  Monday.  The 
supjdy  is  unlimited  and  is  noted  for  its  freshness  and  cheapness.  The  Cone- 
wago  strawberry  is  fame<]  for  its  quantity  and  quality. 

The  Fire  Companies  of  the  town  are  in  the  highest  state  of  eciuipmeut  and 
efficiency.  There  are  six  companies.  Some  of  these  companies  have  had  a 
history  of  consideralily  more  than  a  century.  Instead  of  five  or  six  cliiirches 
during  the  Eevolutioii,  York  has  now   about  sixty. 

The  contrast  between  the  town  of  the  olden  time  and  the  newer  York  of 
the  present  is  marked  as  shnwii  ]iy  soine  of  the  vie'ws  liere  given.  Old  York 
was  a  town  vi  hand  labor;  the;  newer  York  is  a  town  \v]i(n'e  laljor  is  largelv 


2S(;  Tin:  j'jj\\sYL]A\iA-(.i:h'MA\. 

performed  by  the  iiiii'roved  iiiaL-hiiiory  of  the  day.  Tlie  newer  York  bids  fair 
to  bcconie  an  iidand  town  of  great  extent  and  still  greater  iiros[)erity.  It 
is  favorably  situated  fur  expansion  of  its  borders".  Its  siirroun<liiigs  are  in- 
viting and  healthful  and  its  business  men  are  spirited  and  enterprising.  Its 
growth  has  been  steady  and  uninterrupted  and  gives  promise  of  eontinuanee. 
The  organization  of  the  York  County  Historical  Society,  'uith  its  valuable 
growing  collection  bearing  upon  the  past  from  every  point  of  view  attain- 
able, shows  that  the  community  is  not  unnnndful  of  past  associations.  As 
time  passes,  fewer  and  fewer  evidences  of  its  past  will  remain  to  remind  tlie 
beholder  of  that  which  was  once  so  real  but  whicli  eventually  must  be  re- 
called from  the  historical  page. 

List  of  Continental  Congressmen  Present  at  York   1777-8. 

New  IIA^[^SH!KE. Folsum,  Dr.  Mattliew  Thornton. 

Ehode  Island. — Henry  Merchant.  William  Ellery.* 

CoXNECTicCT. —  Dr.  Oliver  Wolcott,'^  William  Williams,'^ Law. 

Massachusetts. — John  Hancock,*  John  Adams,*  Samuel  Adams,*  El- 
bridge  Georg,'  .Tames  Lovell,  Francis  iJana. 

Neav  Y'ork. — William  Duer,  James  Duan,  Francis  Lewis,*  Goverueur 
Morris,  Philip  Livingston.* 

Pexxsvlvaxia. — Daniel  Koberdean,  IJobert  Morris,*  James  Smith,*  Wil- 
liam Clingan. 

New  Je!;>;ey. — John  Witherspoon,*  Dr.  William  Burnett. 

Del  A  v.- are. — Thomas  ^McKean.* 

Maryland. — Samuel  Chase,*  Thomas  Stone,*  Charles  Carroll,*  James 
McIIenry. 

A'"iF,GiXLV. — Richard  Henry  Lee,*  Francis  Lightfoot  Lee,*  Benjamin  Har- 
rison,* Rich.  .Tones. 

North  Caiiolixa. — Jolui  Penn,*  Cornelius  Harnett,  Richard  Hudson. 

South  Carolina. — Henry  Lawrens,  Arthur  ^Nliddleton,*  Thomas  Hey- 
ward,  .Tr.,*  Edward  Rutledge.* 

Georgia. — Dr.  Nathaniel  Brownson,  George  Walton.* 

N.  B.^ — Those  marked  thus  (*)  were  also  signers  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  twenty-five  in  number — more  than  half  of  all. 


BOOK 

# 

NOTICES 

The  Hudson  River 

FROM   OCEAN    TO    SOUKCE. 

HISTOKICAL — LEGEND^VRY— 

PICTUKESQUE. 


This  is  a  haudsoine  work,  a  conipaiiiuii  vuluine 
to  that  other  book  The  Mohawk  Valley,  pub- 
lishei.l  two  years  affu  by  tlie  same  Knickev- 
booker  Press.  As  the  former  issue  was  re- 
plete Viith  legend  an<l  history,  this  is  even  more 
so,  since  the  Ilmlsou  excels  tho  Mohawk  in  local  historic  and  literary  inci- 
dents. What  American  has  not  either  read  of  or  \'isited  this  tdassic  river 
of  America,  uitli  its  charming  scenery  and  its  wealtli  of  local  history  sucli 
as  has  admitted  it  into  the  choice  company  of  the  Thames,  the  Seine,  the 
Khiue  and  the  Nile?  No  other  river  in  America  has  a  fund  so  rich  in  legen- 
dary and  historic  associations.  Every  mile  of  it  is  covered  with  reminders 
"of  ti'.e  early  explorers,  of  the  Indian  wars,  of  the  struggle  of  the  colonies, 
and  of  the  quaint,  peaceful  village  existence  along  its  banks  in  the  eariy 
days  of  the  Republic."  It  is  an  ideal  work  on  local  history,  \vell  tohl. 
beautifully  and  ciipionsly  illustrated — a  historical  pilgrimage  more  than  ;i 
hundred  and  fifty  miles  long,  covt-ring  about  three  centuries  of  time  and 
telling  the  story  of  half  a  dozen  races  ur  nationalities  that  have  exploited 
upon  its  banks.  Among  them  we  find  the  familiar  German  exiles,  after- 
wards migrated  to  Pennsylvania,  whose  history  they  so  largely  helped  .to 
make,  among  whom  the  Kev.  Joshua  Ko(dierthal  labcred,  and  to  whose  grave, 
with  its  strange  epitaph,  we  are  led.  We  cannot  too  higldy  commend  the 
author  ni  r  the  publisb.ers  for  issuing  this  magnifii-ent,  V(;iUui!inous  work. 
Its  perusal  is  better  than  a  trip  up  the  river,  but  should  be  su[iplemeutary 
rather  than  siro-^titutionary  to  an  actual  visit.  The  author  is  Edgar  M. 
Bacon;  the  publishers,  Geo.  P.  Putnam's  Sons;  tiie  size,  590  Svo  pp.;  the 
illustrations,  100  plus  a  fine  sectional  map;  and  the  price,  .*4.5u  net. 


Religious  Training  of  Children 

BY 
MRS.    JOEL    SWARTZ. 


This  is  an  excellent  tract  on  a  nu  st  im- 
portant subject  from  tho  pen  of  a  mother 
in  Israel,  who  has  justified  her  right  and 
wisdom  in  issuing  such  a  bruehure  by  her- 
self rearing  a  large  and  model  fan\ily  to  lienor  and  usofulness.  Such  litera- 
ture should  be  sowed  knee-deep,  heart  and  head-deei'  in  all  our  hou:es  and 
churches.  American  Sunday-school  Union.  Philadelphia.  I'amphlet.  .31  p[i., 
Svo;  price,  15  cents. 


Here  a  Pennsylvania  "Dutchman"  dishes  up  in 
choice  Phiglish  (what  is  not  a  translation  into 
choice  Pennsylvania-German  verse)  with  a  Spanish 
title,  a  collection  of  prose  writings  and  piietic  effu- 
sions that  will  go  far  towards  knocking  the  already  dead  phrase,  alwavs 
untrue,  about  the  "dinnb  Dutch"  into  "innocuous  desuetude."     This  clever 


011a  Podrida. 

BV 
THOS.    C.    ZniMEKMAN 


2.SS 


THE  J'KXXSYL  I  .  I  v/  ir; /;/.'!/.  I  A  , 


specimen-  nf  our  stock  has  biiriiished  liis  editorial  pen  so  ^\ell  tliat  its  pro- 
ducts have  for  years  sparkled  and  ranked  ■v\ith  the  finest  sjiecimens  of  our 
English  lit»-erateurs.  Frequently  tliis  gift  and  attainment  has  won  its  pos- 
sessor the  honor  of  being  the  chosen  orator  upon  set  occasions  of  various 
kinds.  These  speeches  and  papers  have  been  collected,  as  well  as  his  long 
famous  translations,  hymns  and  poems,  into  two  vohimes  and  issued  by  the 
Times  Publishing  Company,  of  Eeading,  Pa.  Because  of  its  varied  character 
of  composition  the  work  has  been  given  tliis  Siianish  title  for  chow-chow. 
Let  us  assure  tht-  reader  he  never  part'ok  of  so  enjoyable  and  spicy  a  dish 
of  hash  before.  The  author's  diction,  liumor,  poetic  sentiment,  v.ide  read- 
ing and  love  nf  nature  have  fitted  him  for  this  fine  literary  production.  We 
are  proud  of  tliis  John  Burroughs  of  our  Pennsylvania-Oernmn  hills  and 
dells.     The  work   'Jiniited  edition),  sells  by  the  author  at  $1.73. 


^    -^ 

LITERARY   NOTES 

-^    ^ 

, 

"Told  after  Dinner"  is  a  vivid  story  of  the  dark  ways  of  Wasliington's 
official  life.  It  is  by  Ella  ^liddleton  Tybout  and  appears  in  Lippincott '.<: 
ila(ja:uic  for  Marrh. 

The  Yovtlt'.-i  Coii'.paiiioti.  of  Boston,  Mass.,  keeps  up  its  old  record  of 
being  the  cleanest,  brightest,  best  periodical  for  youth  in  the  land. 

The  Era  jLtujazinc,  of  Philadelphia,  has  greatly  enlarged  and  inproved, 
and  now  raiik>  in  contents,  illustrations  and  general  get-up  with  the  best  in. 
the  land. 

For  briglir.  racy  and  compdeted  short  stories  give  me  Llpinncott's. 

Did  you  ever  see  The  Foiir-Tiacl:  Xeus,  a  charming  monthly  issued  by 
New  York  C  entral  Railroad  Company  ?  It  will  make  you  wish  to  see  it 
regidarly. 

The  X.  K.  Fairbauk  Company  ha\e  sent  out  the  Fairy  Plate  Calendar  for 
1903,  whi<;h  has  been  so  widely  advertised  for  montlis  past.  This  is  the  sixth 
year  that  the  X.  K.  Fairbank  Company  have  taken  this  method  of  calling  at- 
tention to  the  product  frDiu  which  the  calendar  derives  its  name.  "Fairy 
Soap."  This  calemlar  is  ma<!e  up  of  five  largo  plaques,  four  of  which  do  not 
contain  any  type  matter  whatever,  but  are  exact  reproductions  on  heavy 
plate  paper  of  the  originals  painted  on  royal  Vienna  china  in  twelve  colors 
and  gold,  with  tlie  center  countersunk  and  the  border  embossed,  and  all  this 
beauty  cmphasied  by  magnificent  heads  by  Ryland.  The  Fairy  Plate  Calen- 
dar will  be  niailo'l  postpa-  1  upon  receipt  of  ten  oval  fronts  from  Fairv  Soap 
box  fronts,  or.  if  ycu  preter,  for  twenty  cents  in  stamps. 


ioe 


m 


A'i   *  .  :^  -  '  ' 


^•MV-i 


"f'.  «i    i 


Vol.  IV.  JULY,  i£^03. 


NvJ,  3.      I  i 


J  V  ■; ' 


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Fnnr.-Tij^rrECT: 

Fiicsimile   of  Fr.ntii;M'?oe  of  Fv<^v.    J.    Cr 

a. '•■J  d 

I'.-cher's  Universiry  Albuni. 

EDnr.'''jAL ,    2S0. 

•jnO 

Fa;.iox".?    I■■E.^'^"SYLVA^:IA-€!E^.^tA:'^'s    

201 

Poetic  Grj^.fs 

30i) 

Sonntae  Mora-p'd:5  rn  der  Z^'s^'l  K^roh. 

Die  Larniug. 

Mt.    Grecna    in    Wiii^er.    or    a    "V'isiv    to 

I"airy-Lar  3. 

Ein   DeutscLor  Ynnk:.    Dudel. 

D':^  Ju-.n  ani  (-or  .Tu'i, 

Der  Yok.l  un  dio  l-'sn.'L  .Rou''^. 

V'-  G-iiz. 

Cs   liaei:.-;!!   F-k   A=. 

LA:;o::rAi>K;  HTSTnT*v  cf  CrTixD  T^''r:TanEy- 

isii   iCv   ^''E.^:^'syL^■.\^■;A    

'SS-Ji 

Book  No~  icl'!: 

V.  -if ,—  f  n  ,-  ? 
(.13     -  V  _r^  ■->» 


~^^-"^'- 


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Wi, 


- '  l-'':T^:.Ti i ■■  ^5^.^"  \l'T>,/^ --1^" ■ '  '^^^^r'''''.'^S\''''\^  f'Xy/   "%^x:i \\ ^':-p:i^:,,  i 


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...THE... 

Pennsylvania- German 


RKV.    P.    C.    CROLL,    A. 51. 

Eiliior  and  Pul.llsber 


HKRBEKT    G.    CROLI, 

Bu-iiU'.-ss  Maiia-.;^r 


Ttrnis:  $1.00  per  year  in  tiilianee;  fl.'J-')  afttr  three  rnonfli.t 


Vol.  IV 


LEBANON,    PA.,  JULY,    1903 


No.  3 


[y.alT^i  at  tlie  Ph-i-o-^  •;  a'  !.■  i.a  j..-i.  Pa 


ABOUT   THE   WEATHER 

T  ^^lATTERS  not  whether  you  spell  it  w-e-a-t-h-e-r.  or 
w-e-t-h-e-r,  or  w-h-e-t-h-e-r  you  spell  it  at  all :  an>  how  it 
is  al\va}'s  capricious.  We  are  never  without  it.  Sometimes 
we  have  a  good  deal  of  it.  It  is  ahva}  s  discussed,  some- 
times to  one's  disgust.  ]\la}"  it  not  he  so  now. 
In  the  good  old  times  it  was  dished  up  b}'  almanac-makers  in 
square  three-monthly  blocks,  and  labeled  for  the  four  seasons  of 
the  year — spring,  summer,  autumn  and  winter.  It  usuaJly  came 
on  time  and  made  its  exit  as  regularly  as  the  style  of  a  lady's 
bonnet.  But  now  it  is  manufactured  at  Washington  and  doled 
out  in  24-hour  doses  by  our  <laily  newspapers.  It  is  the  only 
prophetic  part  a  newspaper  prints,  except  the  probable  political 
appointments,  and  one  is  about  as  true  prophecy  as  the  other. 
Only  this  way  we  always  have  some  weather  and  usually  a  good 
deal  of  variety. 

This  magazine  is  no  newspa[)er.  It  is  a  chrunicler — a  historical 
reminder — "lest  we   forget." 

And  what  is  so  easily  forgotten  as  the  weather?  Who  can 
remember  last  winter's  schedule  of  snow  and  ice.  and  hail  and 
thaw,  and  frost  and  blizzard,  and  sun  and  storm,  and  set  a 
calendar  date  to  each  note  of  the  var}ing.  weathery  staff?  Who 
remembers  that  last  fall  hung  warmly,  smilingly  and  summer- 
ingly  on 'through  the  usually  bleak  Xovember  to  the  very  thresh- 
hold  of  winter?     We  do.  and  vou  will  after  vou  are  reminded. 


290  THE  I'KSysVLVAMA-GEHMAS. 

As  the  sun  went  down  on  the  halniy  30tli  of  Xovember,  the  green 
velvety  lawn  was  a  sight  to  behold.  Xo  severe  frost  had  dis-- 
turbed  it.  Xext  morning  the  earth,  where  the  writer  lives,  was 
white  with  snow.  Less  than  two  weeks  after,  he  was  out  with 
horse  and  sleigh  in  drifted  roads  and  scareely  did  seal-skin  cap 
or  fur-topped  great-coat  keep  ears  and  ciieeks  from  the  frost  bites 
of  cold.  Old  Boreas  held  sway.  Xor  did  he  loosen  his  grip 
until  his  little  game  of  two  months  was  played.  Usually  he 
scattered  snow,  hail  and  ice  like  ashes  to  make  pedestrians  loose 
their  grip.  And  not  a  few  remember  that  they  pointed  their 
heels  unwillingly  to  the  stars  during  December  and  January. 
Then  came  two  weeks  of  repentance  and  sorrow,  of  bland  kind- 
ness and  genial  smile.  The  peach  and  maples  responded,  only  to 
have  their  tender  buds  frozen  by  its  final  breath  that  blew  upon 
February  iC,  clothing  orchards  and  forests  in  inch-thick  bodices 
of  ice  and  covering  the  earth  with  a  foot-deep  snow.  On  Febru- 
ary 17th  we  hied  to  ]\It.  Gretna  hills  to  see  the  matciiless  wonder 
(for  which  see  our  poem  in  "'Poetic  Gems"  column).  Uut,  after 
two  weeks,  the  enemy  was  repulsed.  {  See  records  of  high  water 
accounts).  ]\larch  ist  dawned  a  typical  spring  day.  Flowers 
burst  forth  from  the  ground  as  if  by  magic.  A  bed  of  the  finest 
crocus  blooms  ever  seen— more  than  a  hundred  perfect  specimens 
— greeted  the  writer  on  his  wedding  anniversar%'  (Alarch  nth), 
lasting  over  a  week,  while  nosegays  of  arbutus  and  wdiite  violets 
were  worn  by  young  men  and  maidens  from  the  Ides  of  March 
to  its  close.  The  buzz  of  the  bee  and  the  click  of  the  lawn-mower 
were  heard  in  the  land.  The  last  of  March  found  me  and  a  few 
of  my  "chicks"  bringing  in  a  basket  of  arbutus  from  Gretna's  hills, 
where  a  little  more  than  a  month  before  the  hobgoblins  of  winter 
had  held  full  sway. 

April  was  cool  and  distant  like  a  wounded  lover.  All  the 
coaxing  did  not  change  his  mcxid.  Sullen  and  shivering,  he 
shrank  from  warm  embraces ;  what  he  felt  like  doing  was  to 
scatter  frost  and  snow.  And  this  he  did.  Plants  and  flowers  pre- 
maturely set  out  hung  their  heads  wiltingly  on  the  morning  of 
the  5th.  Yet  the  month  closed  to  find  ''the  dog-wood  had  al- 
ready pitched  his  snow-white  tent  on  the  <i<\gt  of  the  forest,"  and 
the  ap])le  spread  his  pnk  canvas  in  the  orchard.  He  bowed 
(Cuniinueil  on   pa^e^  ;!0S.) 


REV.  JOHN   CONRAD   BUCHER 

SCHOLAR,  SOLDIER  and  PIONEER  PREACHER 
By  RE\^  A.  SrAPLKTON,  A.  M.,  M.S. 

From  time  immemorial  the  natives  of  Swit- 
zerland have  been  noted  for  their  valor,  love  of 
freedom  and  nobilit}-  of  character.  Not  even 
the  mighty  legions  of  Julius  Caesar  could  con- 
quer the  brave  inhal)itants  of  her  snow-capped 
Alpine  summits  and  lake-embosomed  valley's. 
"""Hug.'t""'  '"'"■  Her  history  abounds  in  episodes  of  startling 
and  absorbing  interest,  and  her  territorial  limits  have  ever  been 
too  circumscribed  for  her  virile  race,  hence  great  numbers  of  her 
people  have  sought  a  wider  field  for  their  activities  in  foreign 
lands. 

During  the  provincial  period  of  our  country  the  stream  of  im- 
migration from  Switzerland  to  America  was  very  heavy,  espec- 
ially to  Pennsylvania,  and  this  Commonwealth  can  point  to  no 
better  class  of  people  within  her  bounds  than  the  descendants  of 
the  Swiss  immigrants.  From  this  famous  land  and  race  came 
John  Conrad  Bucher— the  scholar,  soldier  and  pioneer  preacher. 

PARENTAGE    AND    E.VRLY    LIFE. 

John  Conrad  Bucher  came  from  a  ilistinguished  patrician  fam- 
ily, whose  ancestral  records  run  back  in  an  unbroken  line  ovei 
four  centuries.  They  were  of  the  Reformed  faith  and  prominent 
in  church  life  from  the  days  of  the  Reformation.  As  indicating 
the  rank  of  the  family  it  may  be  noted  that  Mary  Flizabeth 
( 1732-1812),  a  sister  to  John  Conrad  Bucher,  became  the  wi^'e 
of  the  Count  John  Conrad  von  Pyre.     John  Conrad  Bucher  was 


RuchiT  Aniis — "Shie!    ,    .\ziiri'.    Hn<i   Ci'iitrf    Arjjfiit   mi    «bli-li    is  a    P.i'ech    tri-o — erailicat- 

eO,  viTt,  on  wlii^h   hMiifi    ii  'ouiitei's   hnru — st  i'iiig*,'d,   <jr.   Crest,    thi;   tree   and  tiDtn   as 

»n   thu  shieM." 

291 


292  -  TEE  TEySSYlA  AMA-GEUMAy. 

born  July  13th,  1730.  in  Neukirk,  ncai  the  city  of  Schafthausen 
on  the  Ivhine.  His  father,  John  Jacob  I'.ucher,  was  "land  vogt" 
of  the  district  of  Schafthausen.  This  office  was  of  considerable 
importance.  The  father  spared  no  pains  or  expense  in  the  edu- 
cation of  his  son.  The  records  show  that  John  Conrad  attended 
the  Universities  of  liasil  and  St.  Gal!  in  his  own  country,  be- 
sides visiting,  as  was  then  the  custom,  other  great  seats  of  learn- 
ing, to  round  out  his  education.  His  '"Gedenk  P>uch"  (memento 
book),  contained  the  autographs  of  ZollikoiTer.  the  great  theolo- 
gian, and  ^^losheim,  the  renowned  church  historian,  and  others; 
men  who  were  leaders  in  the  literary  world  of  that  da}". 

Besides  a  knowledge  of  the  classical,  he  also  possessed  a  thor- 
ough knowledge  of  Hebraec  and  European  languages.  Among 
his  theological  books  are  Dutch,  French,  English  antl  German, 
all  of  -which  bear  marks  of  stu-  ^  -  - 

dious  usage.     His  sermon  notes  *  "*> 

abound  in  Greek-Eatin  and  He- 
brew references  which  indicates 
a  practical  knowledge  of  these 
languages  in  a  degree  rarely  pos- 
.sessed  by  literary  men. 

HIS  COMIXG  TO  PEXXSVLVANIA 
AND  MILITARY  CAREER. 

The  general  supposition  is 
that  John  Conrad  Bucher,  likq 
many  other  young  men  of  qual- 
ity, took  service  in  the  army  ot 
the  Dutch  Republic,  and  then  en- 
tered the  British  Arm}"  under  a 
commission  at  the  breaking  out 
of  the  war  between  France  and 
England  in  1755.  It  is  well 
known  that  England  at  this  period  sought  the  services  of  com- 
petent foreign  officers  to  command  her  troops  sent  to  operate 
against  the  French  in  America.  It  has  been  held  that  Bucher 
came  as  an  officer  in  the  Braddock  ExiK^dition  which  arrived  in 
the  spring  of  1755.  and  that  he  was  present  at  the  crushing  de- 
feat of  Bratldock  at    I't.   Duquc'^ne.  July  g.   1755.     Against  this 


J          .J"     /^-'"^    '     .             * 

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COUNTESS    VON    PYRE 

ee  M 

ary  Kli/nKeih    Bii.;lier.  sifter  cf   V.ts .  J. 

Cunra.l 

B 

u.her,    huru    m    Switzerlaii.l.    Maj    16.     1 
Diarriii  tirM  to  Dr.  Ott.  aa.l  -ccuoJly 
10  Junker  J.  Coiira.l   Pyre. 

'-'-. 

FEV.  JOHN  COSh'Al)  liVCnER.  293 

sup])c.oition  stands  the  fact  that  lUiclier's  arrival  is  given  as  No- 
vember 1st,  1755.  at  which  time  the  army  had  been  withdrawn 
from  Western  Pennsylvania,  and  was  preparing  to  operate  in  dis- 
tant qnarters.  It  shonld  also  be  noted  that  lie  Ijronght  with  him 
a  large  nnmber  of  theological  books — family  heirlooms — genea- 
logical reci^rds.  etc.,  all  of  which  indicates  his  arrival  in  a  civilian 
instead  of  a  military  capacity.  Among  the  relics  mentioned  is  a 
massive  gold  signet  ring.  The  lUicher  coat  of  arms  is  cut  in- 
taglio in  a  tine  square  ruby,  flanked  with  diamonds.  Th.is  ring 
bears  the  date  1541,  and  has  been  in  the  family  since  that  time. 

FORBES'  EXPEDITIOX.* 

The  first  definite  knowledge  we  have  of  our  subject  in  a  mili- 
tary capacity  is  his  participation  in  the  expedition  of  General 
Forbes  for  the  reduction  of  the  I-'rench  at  Fort  Duciuesne  in  1758. 
In  that  expedition  the  British  forces  were  supplemented  by  a 
Pennsylvania  contingent  of  2,800  men,  mostly  commanded  by 
German,  Dutch  and  Swiss  officers. 

The  intelligent  reader  need  hardly  be  told  that  this  Expedition 
in  which  the  youthful  Colonel  Washington,  \\ho  was  fated  to 
become  "the  father  of  his  country,"  again  distinguished  himself, 
was  of  the  greatest  importance  to  the  Province,  as  one  of  its  im- 
mediate results  was  the  founding  of  Pittsburg  on  the  site  of  the 
captured  Fort  Ducpiesne,  and  the  opening  up  of  the  Upper  Ohio 
region  for  settlement. 

After  the  successful  termination  of  the  expedition  in  the  autumii 
of  1758,  the  Provincial  forces  were  tlisbanded  with  the  exception 
of  150  men  who  were  stationed  in  small  detachments  in  the  fron- 
tier forts.  F)ucher  remained  in  this  service  and  was  stationed 
at  Ft.  Louther,  at  Carlisle,  Penna.  In  1759  he  was  in  charge  of 
small  detachments  on  the  frontier,  spending  most  of  his  time  at 
Ft.  Louther.  In  the  winter  of  1759  and  1760  he  was  in  charge  of 
the  garrison  at  Carlisle,  and  acted  also  as  recruiting  officer.  On 
February  26,  1760,  he  was  married  at  Carlisle,  as  will  be  presently 
more  fully  n,oted.  On  April  19th  he  was  commissioned  lieutenant. 
and  placed  in  command  of  the  defenses  of  the  valley,  as  is  shown 
in  the  following  order : 

•Vide  Peiiiia.    .\roh.    S.coud   Serlii^,    Vol.    11,   p.   r>,'J9. 


294  THE  I'EX  N  SYLV  AN  I  A-GKllM  AS . 

"Carlisle,  12th  June,  17G0. 

"Sir — T  am  coiiinianiled  by  (ieiR-ial  Monkton*  to  acquaint  you  that  you  are 

lo  roniaiii  at  Carlisle —  witli  the  coninianJ  of  rank  and  file  to 

guard  the  kinc^'s  stores  stationed  at  that  place.  The  General  has  therefore 
seen  fit  to  o'der  tluit  you  :ire  not  on  any  aci-dunt  to  aV)sent  yourself  from 
Carlisle  or  suffer  any  of  your  command  to  do  it.  You  will  carefully  pre- 
serve an  exact  discipline,  and  gi^'e  all  the  assistance  in  your  power  to  Mr. 
Adam  Hoops,  agent  to  the  provision  contractors  in  loading  and  unh^ading 
and  forwarding  the  stores  and  provisions  to  the  army.  The  General  has 
also  directC'l  me  to  acquaint  you  that  he  has  ordered  the  commamling  officer 
at  Shippens'burg  to  report  to  you,  and  he  is  to  follow  all  such  onlers  and 
directions  as  yon  may  from  time  to  time  have  occasion  to  send  him.  copy 
thereof  you  are,  with  your  own  reports,  to  transmit  to  the  General. 

"I  am,  sir,  your  most  obe<lient,  humble  servant. 

"HOKATIO  Gate-S,  M.  B. 

"To  Lieut.  Boughart,  of  the  1st  Bat.  The  Penna.  Regt. " 

Tlie  war  between  the  mother  cotuitry  and  h'rance  was  still  in 
progress  and  the  times  were  fnll  of  peril.  Indian  forrays  were 
freqtient,  and  Rticher's  command  was  frequentl}'  called  otit  to  repel 
the  savage  invaders.  In  the  autumn  of  this  year  he  received  the 
following  order  from  General  Gates,  the  commanding  officer : 

"Carlisle,  3d  November,   1760. 
"Sir — Tt  is  General  ^Monkton 's  orders  that  you   march  forthwith  to  join 
Captain  Nelson  on  Sivleling  Hill  with  all  the  men  of  your  command  here  that 
are  fit  for  duty.     When  you  have  performed  all  the  services  required  of  you 
by  Captain  Nelson  you  are  to  return  to  Carlisle. 
"I  am,  sir,  your  obedient,  humble  servant, 

"Horatio  Gates,  M.  B. 
"To  Lieut.  Bougert,  commanding  detachment  of  the  Pennsylvania,  Carlisle." 

After  tliis  service  he  returned  to  the  post  at  Carlisle  for  the 
winter.  The  following  spring,  under  orders  of  General  Monkton, 
dated  June  I2th,  ijdi.  Lieutenant  P>ucher  was  [)laced  in  charge  of 
the  transj)ortation  service  at  Ft.  Pitt,  a  position  that  required  great 
energy  and  alertness  in  view  of  the  great  danger  from  the  wily 
savages. 

POXTL\C*S    WAR. 

In  1762  we  have  nothing  definite  in  regard  to  the  movements 
of  Lieut.  lUicher,  other  than  may  be  gathered  from  the  general 
operations  of  the  Provincial  troops  on  the  Pennsylvania  frontiers 
as  found  in  the  Archives  of  the  State.     A  sudden  change,  however, 

•C'lmnmiiijt  r  .«f    thi>    Briti-ili    f.ircr^. 


i.'A'j'.  JO  US  com:  AD  in  vutiu.  295 

oqciirred  to  break  the  monotony  and  routine  of  garrison  duty. 
Altliough  the  'J'reaty  of  Paris  in  I'eljruary,  1763,  had  closed  hos- 
tilities IxHween  the  mother  countr\-  and  i'rance,  nevertheless  the 
greatest  jjeril  that  ever  confronted  I'emisylvania,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  Ci»n federate  Invasion,  during  the  Civil  War,  was 
suddenly  thrust  upon  our  frontiers  b\  the  uprising  of  the  Indian 
tribes  of  the  Northwest. 

This  movement  in  the  spring  of  17^13.  known  in  histor)-  a^ 
"Pontiac's  Conspiracy."  was  a  concerted  action  of  the  XorUiwest- 
ern  tribes  to  make  a  simultaneous  attack  on  all  the  frontier  forts 
from  ]''ort  P.edford  at  the  base  of  the  AUeghenies  to  Detroit  in  the 
Lake  region,  with  the  purpose  of  driving  the  encroaching  white 
race  into  the  sea.  The  great  conspiracy  was  \vell  {)lanned.  and 
eight  of  the  eleven  garrisoned  posts  quickly  succumbed.  A  great 
nuiTiber  of  soldiers  and  civilians  were  cruelly  butchered  by  the 
savages,  and  over  2,000  faiuilies,  or  practically  all  the  inhabitants 
north  of  the  P>lue  ^Mountains,  tied  for  their  lives.  The  Pennsxl- 
vania  Archives  state  that  on  Jul}-  25.  there  were  1.384  refugees  in 
the  little  village  of  Shippensburg  alone.  I^etails  of  this  great 
struggle  are  not  material  in  this  connection,  except  as  they  may 
be  related  to  the  subject  of  this  biogra[)h\'.  As  soon  as  possible 
the  British  Government  dispatched  all  the  regular  troops  available 
to  Carlisle,  where  a  formidable  expedition  was  titted  out  for  the 
relief  of  Fort  Legonier  and  Fort  Pitt,  then  closely  besieged  by  the 
red  men.  The  command  of  this  perilous  expedition  was  intrusted 
to  Col.  Pouquet,  who.  like  Lieutenant  P>ucher,  was  a  Swiss  in  the 
P>ritish  service.  With  this  expedition  was  attached  a  part  of  the 
Royal  American  Regiment,  comp'OSed  of  brave  Pennsylvania 
frontiersmen,  to  whose  lot  it  fell  to  do  the  hard  work  of  flanking 
and  pioneering.  In  this  command  was  John  Conrad  I>ucher,  as 
Lieutenant  in  Captain  James  I'iiter's  company.  The  exijedition 
proceeded  undisturl)ed  on  its  way  to  the  relief  of  Fort  L*itt,  until 
they  reached  Pushy  Run,  in  now  Westmoreland  county.  Here 
on  August  5th,  the  advance  guard  was  suddenly  set  upon  by  the 
Indians  in  force,  who  had  left  their  investment  of  Fort  Pitt  and 
had  purposed  to  ambush  the  expedition.  The  main  force  of 
Bouquet  was  hurried  forward  and  one  of  the  most  terrific  battles 
ever  fought  between  the  white  and  red  races  ensued.  When  dark- 
ness   closed    the    contlict    at    niuht    it    shmved    the    armv    in    dire 


296  TBE  FEXysyLVANJA-GEllMA.W 

Straits,  with  every  prospect  of  being  utterly  annihilated  on  the  fol- 
lowing day.  May  we  not  su)4)ose  that  Lieutenant  Ikicher,  who, 
as  we  shall  presentl)  show,  was  already  then  a  minister,  spent  this 
night  of  woe  and  despair  in  giving  spiritual  comfort  to  the  dying, 
and,  like  Paul  at  ]\Ielita,  cheering  his  fellow  men  with  the  promises 
of  Divine  assistance?  Of  his  timely  ministrations  in  this  dire  ex- 
tremity we  have  no  doubt. 

The  battle  of  Rushy  Run  \Vas  won  by  the  whites  and  the  army 
saved  from  destruction  by  a  brilliant  ruse,  into  which  the  In- 
dians, who  were  led  by  some  of  the  shrewdest  chiefs  their  race 
has  ever  produced,  should  have  been  the  last  to  fall.  On  the  sec- 
ond day  of  the  battle  the  whites  pitrposely  attenuated  their  line 
of  battle  at  a  point  where  the  Indians  were  most  strongly  massed. 
Piouquet  had  rightly  divined  what  the  foe  would  consequently 
think  and  do.  Without  dreaming  of  its  purpose,  and  supposing 
that  the  thin  line  meant  weakness  and  was  easy  of  penetration,  the 
red  men  rushed  against  this  point  of  least  resistance,  never  dream- 
ing of  the  fleet-footed  77th  Highlanders  and  royal  Americans, 
who  had  been  partly  concealed,  and  who,  quickly  entilading  them, 
crushed  them  as  between  the  upper  and  nether  millstone.  The 
brilliant  victory  that  followed  broke  the  power  of  the  red  men — 
the  beleaguered  forts  were  relieved,  and  Pontiac's  conspiracy 
foiled. 

Contemporaneous  with  this  movement,  a  force  of  Indians  had 
collected  on  the  Great  Island  in  the  Susquehanna  river  below  the 
present  city  of  Lock  Haven.  A  company  of  Lancaster  County 
Rangers  had  a  severe  encounter  with  a  part  of  this  Indian  force, 
in  the  Muncy  Hills,  in  which  both  sides  sustained  a  considerable 
loss. 

To  clear  the  entire  region  of  hostiles  an  expedition  under  Cap- 
tain Armstrong,  fitted  out  at  Fort  Shirely  in  Huntington  county, 
consisting  of  about  300  Provincials.  In  this  expedition  was  Lieu- 
tenant Ihicher,  who  acted  in  the  capacity  of  adjutant  to  the  com-' 
mand.  Armstrong  l;oped  to  surprise  the  Indians,  but  the  wily 
savages  were  alert,  and  as  the  whites  approached,  they  aban- 
doned their  encampment,  leaving  behind  a  considerable  amount 
of  supplies. 

A  part  of  the  Provincial  force  remained  on  the  Island  until 
late  in  Xovembcr.     In  that  month  a  sale  was  htld  of  the  captured 


REV.  JOUS  COSRAD  BUCIIKR.  297 

Stores,  Lieutenant  lUiclier  actini^  as  clerk.     The  purchasers  were 
mostly  officers  from  the  Cumberland  X'alley. 

bouquet's  gkkat  expedition. 

Although  the  Indians  were  defeated,  they  were  not  wholly 
subdued.  Convo_\s  to  the  frontier  forts  were  still  attacked,  and 
Indian  bands  penetrated  the  settlements,  leaving  death  and  de- 
struction in  their  trail.  On  July  26,  1764,  Enoch  Brown,  a  school 
master,  and  all  his  pupils,  with  one  exception,  were  massacred, 
and  the  school  house  burned,  a  few  miles  north  of  Green  Castle, 
in  now  Franklin  county. 

To  send  an  overpowering  force  right  into  the  Indian  country 
and  destroy  their  villages  and  plantations,  was  an  undertaking  of 
last  resort,  and  all  the  resources  of  the  Province  were  taxed  to 
fit  out  the  expedition. 

This  great  movement  was  again  entrusted  to  the  efficient 
leadership  of  Colonel  Bouquet,  and  the  place  of  rendezvous  was 
again  Carlisle.  A  great  quantity  of  stores  and  ammunition  was 
gathered  here  for  the  maintenance  of  the  army.  To  this  command 
was  attached  the  Second  Battalion  of  the  Pennsylvania  regiment, 
Lieutenant-Colonel  •  Asher  Clayton  commanding.  C)n  July  12, 
1764.  Lieutenant  Bucher  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Adjutant, 
in  which  capacity  he  had  previously  served,  as  we  have  already 
noted.  This  promotion  was  quickly  followed  by  another,  namely, 
on  July  31.  when  he  was  given  a  captain's  commission.  Captain 
Bucher  acted  as  adjutant  for  his  regiment  in  this  expedition,  and 
some  of  his  neatly-kept  and  hitherto  unpublished  returns  are  still 
in  the  possession  of  his  descendants.  As  showing  the  great  im- 
portance of  this  expedition  it  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  Govern- 
ment bent  every  energy  to  eciuip  it.  Governor  John  Penn,  grand- 
son of  the  founder  of  the  Province,  came  personally  to  Carlisle  to 
direct  its  organization.  After  manv  vexatious  delays  the  army 
was  ready  on  August  9th.  17^4,  to  enter  upon  the  most  daring  and 
formidable  expedition  ever  sent  against  the  ral  race.  After  an 
encouraging  address  by  C,overnor  Penn,  the  army  took  up  its  line 
of  march  over  the  old  Forbes  road,  by  way  of  Forts  Bedford  and 
Pitt,  right  into  the  heart  of  the  Indian  country  on  the  Muskingum 
river  in  r)hio.  The  brilliant  success  of  the  expedition,  in  the  sub- 
jugation of  the  red  men  and  the  recovery  of  over  400  white  cap- 


298  THE  PESSSYLVAMAGERMAS. 

tives,  with   which   the   touchine^  story   of  the   Httle   German   girl 
Regina  is  inscparahly  connected,  need  not  be  related  here. 

Peace  having  dawned  at  last.  Captain  Bucher  resigned  from 
the  army  in  the  Spring  of  17O5.  after  a  continuons  service  of 
abont  seven  years. 

By  the  terms  of  their  service  in  the  last  campaign,  which  is  the 
"Bonqnet  Expedition"  of  history,  the  ofticcrs  of  the  Provincial 
contingent  were  entitled  to  bonnty  lands.  At  a  meeting  held  on 
the  8th  of  September,  at  Ft.  Bedford,  on  thtir  retnrn  march,  they 
decided  to  select  their  lands  in  close  proximity.  A  committee 
was  appointed  to  negotiate  the  matter  with  the  Government.  In 
1768  and  1769,  on  the  west  branch  of  the  Suscpiehanna  river, 
24,000  acres  were  snrveyed  for  them  in  Buffalo  \'alley,  in  now 
Union  and  Bald  Eagle  \'alley.  in  now  Clinton  and  Centre  county, 
and  on  the  Chillisquaciua  creek,  above  Sunbury.  The  tracts  were 
given  by  drawing  lots.  Captain  Bucher  obtaining  a  fine 
body  of  land  in  P.uft'alo  N'allc}-.  which  he  exchanged  for  a  prop- 
erty in  Lebanon,  which  remained  in  the  possession  of  his  descen- 
dants until  1844.  After  a  most  eventful  military  service  of  seven 
years,  in  which  p-eriod  he  participated  in  three  great  campaigns, 
fraught  with  peril,  and  all  the  excitement  incidental  to  contact 
with  hostile  savages,  it  would  seem  Captain  Bucher,  now  a  regular 
minister,  still  inclined  to  the  public  service.  There  is  extant  a 
letter  written  to  him.  dated  at  army  headquarters,  in  New  York, 
April  27,  1769,  by  an  officer  named  John  Small,  in  which  the 
writer  acknowledges  the  receipt  of  a  letter  from  Bucher,  written 
at  Carlisle  "about  a  twelvemonth  ago,"  in  which  the  latter's  appli- 
cation for  a  chaplaincy  or  some  other  government  service,  is 
clearly  implied.  The  writer  was  an  intimate  friend  and  states 
that  he  had  worked  unremittingl\-  in  Bucher's  interests,  but  hither- 
to without  avail,  and  advised  him  to  comnumicate  directly  with 
General  Sir  Frederick  Jrlaldemand.  who  was  also  a  Swiss  in  the 
British  service,  and  at  that  time  in  command  of  the  South,  with 
headquarters  in  Florida. 

When  the  War  of  the  Revolution  broke  out.  it  found  Captain 
Bucher  in  ill  health,  as  the  result  of  his  severe  service  in  the  fron- 
tier wars.  Flis  military  ardor,  however,  was  undaunted  and  the 
fire  of  his  Swiss  patriotism  un(.|uenched.  and  he  was  ready  to  enter 
the   struggle   for   .American    freedoiu. 


KKl'.  JOHN  C0NI:AI)  JilCllKK.  299 

,  In  the  previous  wars,  as  we  liave  seen,  he  served  in  a  purely 
niihtary  capacity,  but  in  the  new  contlict  he  chose  a  relation  more 
in  harniony  with  his  holy  callinL,^  lie  accc{)ted  the  chaplaincy  in 
the  "German  Regiment."'  so-called  because  composed  of  soldiers 
from  the  German  counties  of  Pennsylvania. 

We  have  no  data  relating-  to  his  services  in  the  opening  stages 
of  the  war,  but  that  he  was  in  active  service  in  1776.- there  can  be 
no  doubt.  In  the  spring  of  1777,  it  is  probable  that  his  feeble 
health  did  not  permit  him  to  follow  the  fortunes  of  war,  and  he 
sought  and  obtained  a  leave  of  absence.  Among  his  papers  is  an 
autograph  letter  in  the  German  language,  from  that  stern  old  dis- 
ciplinarian, the  r>aron  von  Arnt.  at  that  time  in  command  of  the 
regiment,  of  which  the  following  is  a  translation  : 

"Quihbleton.  May  4th,  1777. 
"Highly  Honored  Sir  Chaplain — At  my  entry  into  the  Keginient  it  came 
to  my  knuwieilge  that  you  were  attached  to  it  as  T'haplain,  but-  are  now  at 
home  on  leave,  but  as  1  cannot  have  anybody  belonging  to  the  Eegiment 
absent  without  the  greatest  necessity,  I  herewith  give  you  the  order  to  re- 
turn to  it  without  further  delay,  otherwise  your  resignation  will  be  requireil, 
a&cl  some  one  else  take  your  place,  so  I  do  hope  to  have  the  pleasure  of 
seeing  you  with  us  soon. 

"I  am  respectfully, 

' '  B.\ROX  vox  Arxt, 
Col.  of  the  Gernmn  Regiment. 

The  records  of  the  German  regiment  are  very  imperfect,  and 
we  do  not  know  whether  Chai)lain  Bucher  obeyed  the  summons 
or  not.  In  the  event  of  his  return,  he  saw  plenty  of  hot  work,  in 
the  campaign  in  which  the  regiment  participated  soon  after  this 
summons. 

HIS  MINISTEFiI.\L  C.\REER. 

It  has  been  alread}'  observed  that  John  Conrad  lUicher  came  to 
America  with  a  very  thorough  intellectual  equipment,  undoubtedly 
with  a  purpose  to  pursue  the  sacred  calling  of  the  ministry.  By 
what  aiuhority  he  v.as  invested  with  the  ministerial  office  we 
have  not  as  yet  determinetl,  but  of  its  regularity  we  cannot  doubt. 

He  first  began  to  exercise  ministerial  functions  in  the  spring  of 
1763,  in  Carlisle,  while  in  command  of  a  detachment  of  Provin- 
cials there.  His  marriage  record  begins  in  March,  and  his  baptis- 
mal record  in  April  of  this  vear.  Some  of  his  sermon  notes  are 
also  dated  at  Carlisle  in  the  beginning  of  this  year.     His  baptismal 


300  THE  PEXNSYLVANlA-OEJxMAN. 

and  iriatrinionial  entries  in  1763  and  17O4  are  broken  by  great 
gaps  caused  by  the  military  campaigns  with  which  he  was  con- 
nected. He,  however,  exercised  occasionally  while  in  active  ser- 
vice at  such  widely  separated  points  as  Fort  Leigonier,  Bedford, 
Redstone,  Fort  Pitt  and  the  Susquehanna.  His  marriage  record 
for  1765  included  44  pairs,  and  a  nuich  larger  number  in  17O6, 
showing  him  to  have  been  popular  in  this  line  of  service.  After 
his  resignation  from  the  army  in  1765  he  became  the  pastor  of 
the  Reformed  Society  at  Carlisle  and  Falling  Springs,  or  Oiam- 
bersburg,  in  the  Cumberland  X'alley,  and  Middletown  and  Hum- 
melstown,  east  of  the  Susquehanna.  This  is  shown  by  his  rec- 
ords, which  bear  entries  of  baptismal  services,  etc.,  under  these 
respective  captions.  In  1766,  he  was  regularly  ordained  by  order 
of  the  Svnod.  to  the  full  functions  of  the  ministry,  which,  as  we 
have  seen,  he  had  already  exercised  for  three  years. 

In  1768  he  removed  to  Lebanon,  not.  as  has  been  supposed,  to 
take  exclusive  charge  of  the  Reformed  Society  there,  but  rather  to 
reside  on  his  own  properties,  which,  as  we  have  noted,  he  ac- 
quired in  exchange  for  his  bounty  lands.  His  field  of  labor  became 
much  enlarged.  We  will  give  an  extract  from  his  record  as  found 
in  his  diary,  beginning  with  January,  1768:  January  i,  3.  4,  5, 
Carlisle:  8th,  Quittapahilla  ;  9th  and  loth.  Lebanon;  nth  Heidel- 
berg; I2th,  Weiseichenland  ;  17th,  Carlisle;  24th,  Falling  Springs 
(now  Chambersburg)  ;  29th,  Quittapahilla;  31st,  Carlisle.  Feb- 
ruary 1st.  Heidelberg;  2d,  Weiseichenland;  3d,  Rapho  ;  7th.  Hum- 
melstown  and  ^Middletown  ;  8th.  Blassers  ;  9th,  ]\[aytown  ;  r4th, 
Carlisle  ;  21st,  Falling  Spring  ;  26th,  Jonestown  and  Klopp's  ;  27th, 
Camberlin's ;  28th,  Lebanon  and  Quittapahilla ;  29th,  Schaetters- 
tovvn. 

This  itinerary,  which  continues  with  but  slight  variations,  and 
occasional  detours,  constituted  his  regular  held  of  labor,  ex- 
tending into  Lancaster.  Lebanon.  Berks,  Dauphin.  Cumberland 
and  Franklin  counties.  His  extra  trips,  made  doubtless,  at  the  ur- 
gent solicitations  of  weak  and  destitute  societies,  often  involved  a 
travel  of  hundreds  of  miles  through  unbroken  forests  and  over 
-  lofty  mountains.  We  here  give  a  few  examples  from  his  diary. 
April  13.  1768,  we  find  him  at  Dr.  Schuebley's,  in  Franklin  county, 
and  the  next  day  at  Hagerstown,  Maryland.  And  a  few  weeks 
later.  May  31!.  he  preached  at  Quiggle's,  and  on  the  5th  on  the 


h-Kl'.  JOHX  COSKAl)  UlCHEi:.  301 

Coclorus  ;  both  places  were  in  York  county.  The  following-  Sep- 
tember he  preached  at  Reading-,  in  I'.erks  county.  In  October  ho 
jiiade  the  following  tour:  October  2,  Carlisle;  4th,  I-""alling 
Spring;:  5th,  Dr.  Sclmel)ley ;  dth.  Hagerstown  :  7th.  Peter  Shang's  ; 
8th,  Sharpsburg-,  near  the  i'otoniac;  9th.  Frederick:  the  last  four 
appointments  being  in  [Maryland.  He  then  returned  to  his  regu- 
lar field.  A  few  weeks  later.  May  6th.  he  was  in  liedford,  and 
on  the  13th  and  20th,  at  h't.  Redstone,  tie  was  undoubtedly  the 
first  trans-Allegheny  minister  to  preach  in  the  German  language. 
His  diary  of  1771  shows  that  he  had  relinquished  the  congrega- 
tions and  seldom  crossed  the  Susquehanna,  but  preached  regularly 
at  the  following  places:  Lebanon.  Ouittapahilla,  Maytown,  Man- 
heim,  Rapho,  W'eiseichenland,  Htimmelstown,  I '.kisser's,  Jones- 
town, Lancaster  and  Hemphill. 

In  giving  an  estimate  of  the  character  of  John  Conrad  lUicher, 
we  are  led  to  sa}-  unhesitatingly  that  he  was  one  of  the  most 
learned  and  zealous  of  all  the  ministers  of  Colonial  times.  He 
preached  in  the  English,  l~rench  and  German  languages.  He 
never  wrote  out  his  sermons  in  full,  but  made  beautiful  and  well 
arranged  sermon  briefs  or  notes,  mostly  in  the  German  language. 
That  he  took  pains  in  their  preparation  is  shown  by  the  frequent 
Greek,  Latin  and  Hel)rcw  references  found  in  them.  Several 
hundred  of  these  briefs  are  still  preserved  in  a  silk-lined  receptacle, 
in  the  fabric  of  which  is  woven  the  name  "J.  C.  Bucher,"  and  the 
date  1767. 

This  noble,  patriotic  and  zealous  divine  was  suddenly  cut  down 
by  the  hand  of  death  in  the  midst  of  his  best  \ears.  On  August 
15th,  1780,  he  went  to  Annville  to  perform  a  nuptial  ceremony, 
and  aniidst  the  festivities  of  the  occasion  suddenly  expired  from 
heart  disease.  His  age  was  50  years.  2  months  and  5  days.  His 
ashes  repose  in  the  Reformed  churchward  at  Lebanon,  Penna. 

THE    WIFE    AND    FA^[ILY    OF    JOHX    CONRAD    r.UCHER. 

Inasmuch  as  there  has  been  hitherto  considerable  uncertainty  in 
regard  to  the  parentage  of  the  wife  of  John  Conrad  Bucher,  we 
have,  after  considerable  research,  gathered  the  following  facts.  In 
1733  John  George  Hoke  and  his  wife,  Barbara,  with  their  family, 
arrived  in  Philadelphia,  from  Germany.  Among  the  niinor  chil- 
dren recorded  in  the  Pennsvlvania  Archives  was  J(  ihn  George.  Jr. 


302  THE  PhWW SY LV A M A-Ghh'M A.\ . 

The  town  of  ^'oi  k  in  Pennsylvania  was  lai(,l  out  by  order  of  tlie 
Proprietors  in   1741  and  the  tirst  lots  were  sold  in  Xoveniher  of 
that  year.     Among  the  tirst  purchasers  of  lots  was  Samuel  Hoak, 
who  purchased  lot  105,  and  George  Hoak,  who  purchased  the  ad- 
joining- lot.  Xo.  107.     These  men  we  know  to  have  been  brothers, 
and  the  latter  was  the  father  of  Mrs.  Bucher.     Prior  to  locating 
in    \ork,   George   Ploak    married   in    I.ancaster   county,   Barbara 
Lefevre,  who  was  either  a  daughter  or  granddaughter  of  Isaac 
Lefevre,  who  married  Catharine,  the  eldest  daughter  of  Madame 
Ferree.    The  Ferrees  and  Lefevres  were  French  Huguenots,  who 
fled  from  France  at  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Xantes.  and 
located  in  the  Palatinate.    From  thence  they  went  in  1709  to  Eng- 
land, being  assisted  by  Queen  Ann.  and  from  thence  to  Xew  York, 
and  two  years  later    (1712).  to  Pennsylvania.   locating  on  lands 
granted  them  by  William  Peim  during  their  sojourn  in  England* 
George  Hoak  and  wife.   Barbara,  were  among  the  first  members 
of  the  Reformed  Church  at  York.     Their  eldest  child  seems  to 
have  been  Mary  Magdalena.    They  also  had  a  son,  Benjamin,  who 
in  Provincial  <lays  settled  near  Winchester,  Va..  and  Peter,  wdio 
was  one  of  the  first  citizens  of  Cniontown.  F^ayctte  countv,  Penna. 
Some  time  prior  to   1759  George  Hoak  removed  to  Carlisle, 
Penna.      There  is  extant  a  letter  from  a  presumable  suitor  ad- 
dressed to  Molly   Hoke,  Carlisle,  dated   September    13.    1759,   in 
which  the  writer  pays  his  respects  to  her  parents.    On  August  21. 
1761,  his  son-in-law.  Lieutenant  Bucher,  wrote  to  him  from  Fort 
Pitt,  addressing  his  letter  to  George  Hoke,  Esq..  Carlisle.     Finally, 
the  records  of  the  county  show  that  in   1762  George  Hoke,  of 
Carlisle,  died,  and  his  wife  Barbara  became  his  executrix.     The 
identity  of  the  family  is  thus  incontrovertibly  established.     The 
Hoke  family  attended  the  Presbyterian  Church,  under  Dr.  Duf- 
field.  and  that  distinguished  minister  likewise  performed  the  cere- 
mony at  the  marriage  of  Lieutenant  Bucher  and  Mary  .Magdalena, 
or  "Molly"  Hoke,  which  occurred,  as  we  have  stated,  on  Februarv 
26,    1760.1      On    Xovember   4th.    1762.    Dr.    Duffield   gave    Mrs. 
Bucher  an  honorable  dismissal  from  his  congregation,!  and,  in- 
asmuch as  Lieutenant  B>ucher  soon  thereafter  assumed  the  func- 

•Si-e  memorials  of  the  HiierutTiots  by  the  author  of  tbis  article, 
tshf  WHS  Iht,;  K.'l.ruiiiy  LM.  1742,  at   York.    Penna.,    and  died   at   the  home  of  ber  sou   at 
Ah-xundria.  Ta..    .M,,r.t,    llili,    ]M'j. 
JUupp's.    Kt-rks   Co.      i'.   4,-..><. 


FEr.  JOHN  CONFAB  BUCHKR.  303 

tions  of  the  ministry,  \vc  are  inclined  to  the  belief  that  the  spring 
of  1763  marks  the  beginning  of  the  Reformed  Society  at  Carlisle 
under  his  care,  while  serving  as  an  officer  of  the  garrison.  Their 
family  consisted  of  four  children,  namely,  John  Jacob,  who  wa:J 
born  January  ist,  1764,  and  died  October  16,  1827.  John  (ieorgc 
was  born  October  4.  1766,  and  died  April  8.  1843  !  ^lar)-  Elizabeth, 
was  born  April  8th,  1773,  and  died  in  1791,  and  John  Conrad,  who 
was  born  June  18,  1775,  and  died  in  1852,  besides  two  that  died 
in  infancy. 

The  sons  were  all  men  of  considerable  prominence.  John 
George  lived  and  died  in  Lebanon ;  John  Jacob  made  his  residencQ 
in  Harrisburg.  and  was  one  of  the  first  and  foremost  citizens  o5 
the  place.  He  was  coroner  of  Dauphin  county  in  1796,  a  justice 
in  1798,  a  member  of  the  Legislature  from  1803  to  180S,  a  Com- 
missioner to  erect  the  State  Capitol  in  1810.  In  the  Legislature 
from  1814  to  1816,  and  Associate  Judge  from  1818,  to  his  death, 
in  1827.  His  son,  John  Conrad,  born  December  28,  1792,  was  in 
his  day  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  the  Commonwealth,  a  mem- 
ber of  Congress,  and  an  Associate  Judge  for  many  years.  The 
many  letters  still  preserved  by  his  descendants  from  many  leading 
men  of  the  nation,  aniong  them  several  Presidents  of  the  L'nited 
States,  indicates  his  high  standing  in  public  atfairs.  John  Conrad. 
the  youngest  son  of  the  immigrant,  located  in  Alexandria,  Hunt- 
ington county,  where  he  was  a  merchant.  In  1812-1815  he  was 
postmaster,  in  the  Legislature  in  1815-1818,  and  County  Com- 
missioner from  1825  to  1828. 

A  considerable  number  of  descendants  from  maternal  lines  also 
became  noted.  Among  the  munber  we  may  specially  mention  the 
late  Dr.  Thomas  Conrad  Porter,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  a  grandson  of  John 
Conrad  Bucher,  Jr.  Dr.  Porter  was  born  in  1822,  and  died  in 
1901.  He  was  a  scholar  of  rare  ability  and  lofty  attair.ments,  and 
for  many  years  occupied  the  chair  of  P>iology  and  Ceneral  Geology 
in  Lafayette  College. 

Dr.  Porter  made  extensive  researches  in  various  fields  of  study, 
especially  in  Botany,  and  many  c<^ntributions  of  permanent  value 
issued  from  his  prolific  pen.  He  was  a  linguist  of  note,  an  expert 
in  Finnish  and  other  obscure  literature.  He  was  an  authority  on 
Ecclesiastical  his^-ory  and  enriclu-d  the  litcratitre  or  his  Church 
with   his    valuabij    contributions.      Althou-di    bfarini:   an    Aui^lo- 


3^^.  2i/A'  rKXXsyLlAMAGhl^MAN. 

Saxon  nanie.  he  iicvcrllieless  was  proud  of  his  German  ancestry 
and^  at  tlie  time  of  his  deatli  was  the  President  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania-German Societv. 

■  Conclusive!)  we  may  add  that  John  Conrad  Bucher  was  on 
terms  of  intimacy  with  the  foremost  men  of  his  times.  Among 
his  papers,  now  mifortunatcly  scattered,  were  many  from  his  conf- 
panions  in  arms,  the  famous  Generals  Pjouquet  and  Stamvix.  In 
■  ecclesiastical  circles  he  was  intimate  with  the  noted  Peter  ^liller, 
Prior  of  the  Kphrata  connnunity,  who  was  one  of  the  most  learned' 
men  of  his  times,  and  who.  by  direction  of  the  Continental 
Congress,  translated  the  Declaration  of  Independence  into  tha 
German  languag-e.  One  of  his  bosom  friends  in  the  Forbes  and 
Bouquet  expeditions  was  .Alajor.  afterwards  General,  Tohn 
Philip  dc  Haas,  of  Lebanon.  Pennsylvania.  General  de  Haas'was 
a  member  oi  his  congregation  at  Lebanon  and  sponsor  at  the  bap- 
tism of  most  of  his  children. 

The  descendants  of  Rev.  John  Conrad  Bucher,  now  so  widelv 
scattered  over  the  Union,  have  just  reason  to  feel  proud  of  their 
illustrious  ancestor,  and  the  Peformed  Church  in  America  will 
doubtless  assign  him  a  more  honorable  position  in  her  history  as 
his  Stirling  qualities  and  valuable  services  to  his  adopted  countrv 
and  the  Church  are  better  known  and  appreciated. 

Appexdix  I. 
[We  append  the  following  beautiful  poetic  tribute  from  the  pen  of  Prof. 
J.  H.  Dubbs,  D.D.,  of  Lancaster.  Pa.,  first  published  in  Philadelphia  Press 
among  "Poems   Worth  Reading."   and  kindly  furnished  us  bv  ^^Irs.  E.   B. 
Hummel,  of  Karrisburg.  Pa.— Editor.] 

CONRAD  BUCHER. 

We  have  read  full  oft  of  the  heroes  grand 
Who  live  in  the  annals  of  Switzerland; 
Of  thr  courage  high  and  the  warlike  deed 
Of  Tell,  and  Melehthal,  and  Winkelried; 

But  in  rhyme  the  story  has  ne  'er  been  told 
Of  the  little  band  of  Switzers  bold. 
Who  across  the  sea,  to  its  Western  shore, 
The  precious  faith  of  their  fathers  bore. 

Names  uncouth  in  the  English  tongue — 
Goetschius,  Schlatter — remain  unsung; 
But  as  brave  were  they  as  The  men  who  fell 
On  the  fields  of  Uri  or  Appenzell. 


liEV.  JOHN  CONRAD  liltHKR.  305 

Have  you  road  the  story  of  one  who  came 
Across  the  ocean  in  quest  of  fame, 
From  the  place  where  over  the  rooky  wall, 
At  grand  Schafl["hjuisen,   tlie  waters  fall? 

Have  you  heard  how  he  wielded  his  valiant  sword, 

But  laid  it  aside  to  serve  the  Lord? 

It  was  Conrad  Bucher!     I^et  me  tell 

How  he  served  the  king  and  his  ^Eaker  well. 

In  the  quiet  cloisters  of  old  St.  Gall 

He  had  heard  in  his  youth  his  Master's  call; 

He  had  sat  at  the  feet  of  godly  men 

In  the  schools  of  Basil  and  Gcettingen. 

But,  'twas  said,  in  the  land  of  the  setting  sun 
There  were  battles  fought  and  honors  won; 
And  there  came  a  message  across  the  main 
That  Braddock  was  beaten  at  Fort  Duquesne. 

Could  he  hear  the  sound  of  the  rolling  ilrum 

That  to  distant  battles  bade  him  come? 

Did  he  heed  the  music  far  away.   ' 

When  he  followed  tlie  fortunes  of  bold  Bouquet? 

Have  you  read  of  the  German  regiment 
That  was  farthest  into  the  forest  sent? 
How  in   summer's  heat  and  winter's  snows 
They  freed  the  land  from  its  dusky  foes? 

There  bright  in  the  forest's  darkest  shade 
Was  the  flash  of  Bucher 's  battle-blade. 
And  the  painted  chiefs,  the  legends  tell. 
Knew  the  hand  that  snu)te  them  when  they  fell. 

It  was  when  they  lingered,  to  rest  awhile, 

In  the  famous  barracks  of  fair  Carlisle, 

That  the  soldiers  prayed  him  to  preach  the  Word, 

So  precious  of  old,  so  long  unheard. 

For  there  comes  a  time  in  tlie  soldier's  life 
^\Tien  he  hungers  anew  for  the  Bread  of  Life 
And  he  longs,  like  the  scion  of  .Tesse's  stem. 
To  drink  of  the  waters  of  Bethlehem. 

Once  more  the  Master's  call  had  come. 
And  louder  it  sounded  than  fife  or  drum ; 
"Renounce  thy  laurels  and  sheathe  the  sword! 
Take  up  thy  burden  and  serve  the  Lord!" 


306  THE  PLXXSYLVAXIJGKKMAy. 

Ah!  where  \vas  the  soldier's  dream  of  fame? 
To  the  Saviour's  altar  he  humbly  came, 
And  the  "Fathers"  ordained  the  cajitani  tliere, 
With  benediction  and  heartfelt  prayer. 

To  his  faithful  soldi'^rs,  and  fair  Carlisle, 
As  a  Koyal  Chaplain  he  preached  av^hile; 
But  then  until  life's  ^York  uas  done, 
He  served  his  Master  in  Lebanon. 

And  A\herever  our  ancient  churches  stand, 
■^  From  bright  Snatara  to  Maryland, 

The  hearts  of  the  people  were  deeply  stirred 
"When  his  voice  like  a  trumpet  blast  was  heard. 

All  hail  to  Buchcr!     For  him,  we  know, 
No  drums  are  beaten,  no  bugles  blow; 
But  'tis  well!     For  he  cast  his  laurels  down. 
And  took  up  the  cross  to  win  the  crown. 


Appendix  II. 

THE  BUCHER  ALBUM. 

Through  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  C.  P.  Hatfield,  of  Alexandria,  Pa.,  a  <^> 
scendaut  and  present  possessor,  we  have  had  in  hand  for  a  few  days  the 
original  I'niversity  Album  of  John  Conrad  Bucher.  "We  had  tlie  title  page 
photographed  and  a  facsimile  of  this  Fractur  Schnft  probably  by  Mr. 
Bucher  himself  serves  as  frontispiece  to  this  issue.  Nine  years  ago  the  late 
Prof.  Thomas  C.  Porter,  of  Easton,  Pa.,  also  a  descendant  of  the  subject 
of  foregoing  sketch,  published  a  small  pamphlet  of  notes  on  this  somewhat 
remarkable  Bucher  relic.  Same  is  also  published  in  fifth  volume  of  Pro- 
ceedings of  Pennsylvania-German  Society.  The  book  itself  is  seven  and  one- 
half  inches  long,  four  and  one-half  inches  wide  and  an  inch  thick,  well 
bound  in  red  ^lorocco,  with  leaves  of  stout  gilt-edged  paper,  with  an  occa- 
sional one  of  vellum,  which  pages  are  adorned  with  beautifully  hand-painted 
illustrations.  Of  the  lofty  sentiments  and  Mell  wishes  by  a  large  body  of 
university  professors  and  student  friends  recorded  here,  as  well  as  affection- 
ate effusions  by  close  relatives,  fifty-seven  entries  are  in  Latin,  thirty-four 
in  German,  two  in  Greek  and  two  in  Hebrew,  and  one  in  French.  One  is 
a  poetic  sentiment  set  to  music  by  the  Professor  of  Music  in  Marburg.  Al- 
together it  contains  more  illustriotis  signatures,  more  lofty  sentiment,  be- 
trays greater  erudition  and  evinces  a  more  careful  chirography  and  letter 
ornamentation  than  one  is  wont  to  find  in  such  albums.  The  names  of  sever- 
al universities  and  scludarly  men  show  our  subject  to  have  been  well  born 
and  advantageously  surrounded  in  his  youth.     The  reading  of  it  is  like  wak- 


HEV.  JOHN  CONFAD  BVCIIKll.  ■  307 

ing  up  the  past  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  years  ago,  and  strolling  through  its 
German  seats  of  learning,  or  like  wandering  through  an  ancient  and  fam- 
ous churchyard  to  road  its  tombstone  inscriptions.  We  Tvould  love  to  copy 
many  but  Ave  uill  have  to  let  one  sntlice.  This  is  the  inscription  of  his 
own  father  in  a  fine  hand,  opposite  a  lovely  characteristic  painting  illus- 
trative of  sentiment,  as  follows: 

FERANDUil    ET    SPERAXDUM. 

Leide  nur  der  DCaner  stechen, 

Du  wirdst  schon  noch  Eoseu  brechen. 

Dieses  wenige  hat  zu  stilts-wahrendom  Angedencken  seinem  liebem  Sohn, 
Johann  Conrad  Euchern,  S.  S.  Tlieol.  Stud,  wohlmeinentlich  beyfiigen  wolien. 

Joh.  Jacob  Bucher,  L.  D. 

Symb. — Mea  Anchora  Jesus  Christus. 
Xeunkirch,  den  30  October,  1751. 

Translatiov. 

BEAl'JXG   AND  HOPING. 

Never  mind  the  prick  of  the  thorns, 
You  will  pluck  the  roses  by  and  by. 

This  tid-bit  is  kindly  inscribed  to  the  enduring  memory  of  his  dear  son, 
John  Conrad  Bucher,  student  of  divinity,  by  John  Jacob  Bucher,  L.  D. 
Motto:  My  anchor,  Jesus  Christ. 
Neunkirch,  30  October,  1751. 

That  of  the  celebrated  church  historian,  John  Laur.  Mosheim,  of  Got- 
tingen,  recorded  on  June  19,  1753,  reads  as  follows:  "  Ama  rejuri  et  pro 
nihilo  putari,  Memoriae  et  Honoris  causa  iScribebat." 

Altogether  the  album  merits  careful  preservation  and  is  worth  an  at- 
tentive study. 

Appendix  III. 

Mrs.  E.  B.  Hummel,  of  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  another  descendant  of  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch,  possesses  many  relics  of  tliis  illustrious  ancestor — aniung 
others,  the  original  list  of  marriages  and  baptisms  performed  by  him.  The 
former  list  was  copied  by  Mr.  Lutlier  PJ.  Kelker.  of  Harrisburg,  who  had  it 
published  in  the  Pennsylvania  Magazine  for  October,  1901'.  The  portrait  of 
our  subject's  sister,  the  Countess  Von  Pyre,  herewith  presented  is  also  in 
Mrs,  Hummel  "s  hands;  so  is  the  coat-of-arms.  Also  a  large  tin  box,  pad- 
locked, and  full  of  valuable  papers  once  belonging  to  a  relative  of  this 
celebrated  pioneer.  Also  a  complete  genealogy  of  Bucher  family  from  15-41, 
and  a  family  ring. 


308 


THE  PEXySYL VA XIA-GER2JAN. 


Appendix   IV. 

Tombstone   inscription    in    First   German   Reformcil    graveyard    of   Leba- 
non, Pa. 


iiier  ruhet  im    todt   der  leib 
Conrad  Bucher. 
Pkediger  12  Yahre  in  Libaxon. 

Geborex  dex  IOten  Juki.  1730. 

j\IiT  seiner  Ehefrau.  Magdalena,  lebte  er  20  Yahre, 

Zeigte  8  Kinder — 4  sind  in  die  Ewigkeit 

vorangegangen. 

Gestorben  den  15tex  August,  1780. 

Seines  ruhmvolles  Alters,  50  Y.,  2  M.  und  5  Tage. 

BUCHER. 


ABOUT    THE   WEATHER 

(Contiuueil  from  page  290.) 
himself  out  with  a  flush  of  inid-sumnier  heat  in  the  East,  aud  with 
a  bhghting  snow  bhzzard  in  the  West.  Was  it  to  make  emphatic 
the  century-mark  of  our  Louisiana  purchase,  that  President 
Roosevelt  and  a  shivering  multitude  were  obliged  on  its  last  day 
to  inaugurate  the  St.  Louis  Exposition  with  chattering  teeth  ? 

May  came  apace,  ushered  in  by  way  of  the  Xorth  Pole  and  clad 
in  furs  and  great-coats.  On  the  mountains  she  scattered  flurries 
of  snow,  while  in  the  valleys  twirled  into  drifts  the  petals  of  the 
blooming  apple  and  cherry.  But  presently  she  doffed  her  furs. 
for  gauze  and  with  a  raised  parasol  walked  ankle-deep  in  dust  for 
three  weeks  to  protect  herself  from  the  fiery  sun  and  the  brassy 
heavens.  The  last  week  she  changed  parasol  for  umbrella.  All  the 
while  she  was  on  dress  parade  and  presented  June  with  a  pink 
garment  of  roses,  strawberries  and  clover.  As  June,  with  its  con- 
ventions and  commencements,  is  yet  fresh  "in  the  memory  of  men 
still  living,"  we  shall  not  connnent  upon  it.  It  is  time  to  keep 
"cool  and  this  may  be  done  by  recalling  pictures  of  blizzardy  last 
winter  and,  therefore,  we  have  presented  our  picture  of  "]\It. 
Gretna  in  Winter"  in  Poetic  Gems'  column. 


We  omit  our  Historical  Pilgrimage  in  this  issue,  and  substi- 
tute for  it  a  Landmark  History  of  the  early  Ignited  Brethren 
Church.  We  are  sure  our  readers  will  grcatl)-  cnjo_\-  the  article 
fr^m  the  able  pen  of  our  friend  and  co-worker.  Rev.  Dr.  Brane. 


SONNTAG  MORGE'DS  AN  DER  ZIEGEL  KERCH. 
By  Lek  L.  Gki'mbixe,  Esq. 

Der  Kiingel-klang  der  Soiintajf's  Kloeke, — 
Die  Vdgol  im  Thiiim  versturt  un '  verschrocke, — 
Zuni  Gottestlieust  die  Lent  bei  zu  locke, 

Durch    's  stille  Thai  sehallt, 
(Statts  in  dei-  Faulheit  dflie"m  rum  hiicke, — ) 

Uewer  Iliiwel  un '  Wald. 

Des  scho  iiielodiscb  Kloeke  G  'spiel, 

Im  friihe  Sommcr  Morge'kiihl, 

Es  g'ebt  e 'n  lienlieh  Feuertag's  G'l'iihl 

Zu  Munsche  un'  Fiih, 
Der  Bauer  hat  Ruh,  un'  der  Miiller,  un'  die  Miihl, 

Sonntag  Morge'ds  friih. 

Die  Amschel  singt  ibr  friihlioh  Lied, 
Die  Felder  sin  ruth  mit  siiss  Gebliith, 
Der  Knecht  vom  ruhge  is  schon  miid, 

Leit  rum  so  faul, 
Die  Schu  un'  Kock  aus,  streckt  er's  Glied, 

Un '  sparrt   'uf   's  Maul. 

Nach  der  Kerch  zu  geh  was  g'ebt  's  e'n  G'rischt, 
E 'n  Gewiisch  un'  G 'strlil  un'   'Ufgofrischt, 
Unnerkle 'der  so  weiss  wic  ihr  runde  Briist, 

Was  e  'n  Lust  un '  Freed, 
Wie  leicht  zu  sei    'n  guter  Kerche-krist, 

Bei  so  sehone  Miid  I 

'Uf  der  ganse  Welt  nix  so  sho  un'  siiss, 
W^ie  die  Miid  geputzt  von  Ki'ipp  zu  Fiiss 
In  Sonntag 's  Kle'der,  gebloV-ht  in  der  Wies' 

So  weiss  as  Schnee, 
Sie  gueke  wie  Engel  im  Paradies, 
So  siiss  un '  gch(l. 


•From    "D.T    r>.-iij:<'l>ti  rk    luul    ..ilu-r    rn,.nis    aiul    Translntlc 
ptienis    now    ill    VT'-SM.       By    P"riiii>sii.ii    of    tl.c    ;i\ith(ir. 


a    book    of   dialect 


310  THE  PEXXSVLVAMA-GKUMAy. 

Jetz  wird's   'f  tier  Kerche-weg  gegange, 
Bal'  wird  die  Klock   'uf    's  zwe'tiiial  klaiige, 
Bis  uiir  hi'  komuie  wird's  bal  Zeit  fiir  a'fange, 

Iset  hinne  dra '  sei, 
Konnt  mer  Hinimel  so  gut  wie  die  Kerch  erlange, 

War  ieh  g'wiss  dabei-I  .       ..•..-■ 

Die  Xachbare  seht  iiier  au'  schon  geh, 
Bei  ganse  Fainilia — gross  un'  kle' 
Un'   'f   'em  "Weg  g'ebts  als  noch  nieh, 

Unser  Auue  geiit  vor, 
Hebt  der  GoT^nd  ■vveg'ni  Sta'b,  giiekt  heftig  scho, 

'Me  'nt  der  David  Kohr. 

Te'l  komme  7.u  falire  un  '  te 'I  zu  laufe, 
Un '  sel'  Paar  hat  e 'n  kle'  Kind  zu  taufe, 
Sei  Paethe  were  e 'in  ?ohon  G  "schenke  kaufe, 

'S  war  so  der  Gebraueh, 
Mag's  'uf  waohse  e 'n  gute  Frau  uu  '  e 'n  Brave — 

Dort  heult's — 's  hat's  im  Bauch! 

Konmie  bei  die  alte  Kerciie  Yiiter, 

Mit  wichtig  Geniiith,  un'  Sonutag's  Kle'der, 

\Venig  blet  un'  u'g'sehiokt  fiihlt  e 'n  jeder. 

Is  es  net  recht  g'wunt, 
Hinne  noch  die  Weibsleut,  e'n   wenig  bleter, 

Ihr  Sache  gut  g'me'nt. 

Awer  horehl  Jetz  niicher  klingelt  die  Klock! 
Mer  seht  schon  e'n  niancher  Sonntag's  Rock, 
Un'  dort  geht  e'n  alter  Mann  am  Stock — 

So  langsam  un'  lahm — 
Kuht  weil  vor  der  Kerch,   'uf  e'm  grosse  Block, 

Un'er'm  Schattebaun.. 

Un'  inimer  als  mer  niicher  komme, 

Yon  alle  Weg  bei  versammle  die  Fronime, 

Bei  der  Kerch  un  '  ini  Kerchhof  bei  de  Blume, 

Fiir  geistliche  Speise, 
Un '  der  Parre,   der  der  grad  Weg   (statts  der  Krumnie) 

Nach  e'm  Himniel  soil  weise. 

Sie  stehn  drauss  rum  un  '  wechsle  die  B'riehte, 

Sie  sch^iitze  vo'm  Bauere,  vo 'm  Wetler,  von  de  Friichte 

Sie  verzehle  nan'er  ihre  Xachbar's  G 'schichte, 

Un'  allerhand  Dinge; 
Am  Nachtmal  deuk^  sie  ihr  Handel  un '  Pflichte 

Uewer  e'ns  zuirin^e. 


POETIC  GEMS.  311 

Sie  le?o  die  Grabste'  niit  lan^eni  G'siolit, 
Das  Jenseit    'm  Grab  is  e'u  duukle  G 'sftiiclit, 
'S  macht  sie  rlenke  an  dor  Jiingst-tag's  G  'riebt, 

Un'  verspreche  iin  Stille, 
Niicher  zu  candle  im  Geistes  Licht, 

Uni'  Gottes  AVilie! 

Do  is  der  Platz  wo  die  ^^lary  ruht, 

Unser  erstgeborues  Fle'soh  un'  Blut, 

'S  bringt  ihr  ^Mutter  un '  niieli  in  e'n  trauriger  Mutb, 

'S  macht  Schnierz  un '  Well, 
We'ss  wohl  der  ITerr  niaelit  alles  gut, 

Kann  's  doc-h  net  versteh. 

Schou  lang  is  e'n  g'ehrter  Yater  fort, 
Der  rund,  grii  Hiiwel  un'  der  Grabste'  dort 
Bezeug  e-?,  un '  nierke  der  lieilig  Ort, 

"\Vo  sei  Kurper  sehloft. 
In   're  bessere  \\'elt  unser  Konnr.e  erwart. — 

I'ns  zutreiTe  dort  bofft. 

Do  in  der  Stille,  gans  alle, 

Am  Grab  nieine  Liewe  bleiw  ieb  steb, 

Mit  sc-hwerem  G'fiibl  un'  Herzeweb,— 

Aus  der  aire  Zeit 
Hot  icb  Stinune,  un'  bekannte  G'sicbter  seh, 

Der  Yergange  'beit. 

So   'uf  der  Tag  die  ernste  Dinge,  , 

Die  Klock  im  Tburui  ibr  Loblied  singe, 
Un'  Sinder  die  Erlesung  klinge, 

Yo  'm  gross  Yerderwe, 
Un'  wenig  niicher  z'anime  bringe, 

'S  Lewe  un'  's  Sterwe. 

Dann  jetz  die  Klock  zum  letst  Mai  geht. 
Un'  ruft   's  Yolk  nei  das  draus  rum  stebt, 
Der  Parre  bat  scbon  in  der  Hut  gebet, — 

^Va^t  bis  sie  sitze — 
Er  is  gans  voll  mit  Lehr — mer  seht, — 

Fiir  Sinder  schwitze. 

Die  Yorstehr  trage  die  Kurwlin  ram, 
'S  g'ebt  docb  ke'  wieste  grosse   Sum, 
Sie  fiible  die  Ebr,  trage  G 'sichter  fromm 

Do  in  der  Kerch, 
In  an'erl  Dinge  geht 's  e'  bissel  krumm 

Un '  fj  ..erzvverch. 


312  THE  FKNNSYLVAMA-GKKMAJ^. 

Zum  f  iihre  im  G  'sang  die  liewe  Mitklieder, 

Der  Parre  g 'ebt  aus  die  Worte  der  I-ieder, 

'S  erst  leint  er  sic  aus,  no'  singt  nier  sic  wicder, 

"Wenig  paehte  un  '  blot, 
Glci '  stininie  sie  ei ' — die  Swest're  un'  Bn'ider — 

Mit  Eifer  un'  Freed. 

Was  der  Vorsingcr  drum  sei  ^laul    'ufsparrt, 
Er  singt  schier  gar  wie  e'n  Scha 'ffli '  blarrt, 
Als  Musick  sei  Singe  is  net  viel  werth' 

Doch — ich  sag's  net  spottich — 
'S  wird  g'wiss  bei  viel  sehier  lieuer  g 'lifirt 

As  des  lang  Gepredig. 

Der  Orgelspieler  fiilirt  die  Weis, 

Der  Blasbalgtretter  sc-hafft  niit  Fleiss, 

'S  wird  g'sunge  vun  der  Hinim 'iisebe  Eeis, 

Xaeh  der  Ewigkeit, 
Von  p]rlesung  ohne  Geld  un'  Preis — 

L'n'  Barniherzigkeit. 

Aus  der  Orgel  rollt  der  siisse  Ton, 

Mer  nie'nt  es  kouimt  von  (Jottes  Thron. 

"Wann  e'n  Seelig's  bckoninit  die  Hininiel's  Kron. 

Sei  Lob  un  '  Ebr 
Dem  Vater,  Heiliger  Geist  un '  Sohn— 

Dreieiniger  Herr! 

' '  Sei  Lob  und  Ehr  dem  liuebsten  Gut, 

Dem  A'ater  alle  Giite, 
Dem  Gott  der  alle  Wunder  tbut, 

Dem  Gott  der  niein  Gemiithe 
Mit  seinem  reiohem  Trost  erfiillt, 
Dem  Gott  der  allem  Jammer  stillt, 

Giebt  unserm  Gott  die  Elire. " 

Nach   'em  Gebet  ^\ird  die  Sehrift  gelese, 
Dann  noch 'mal  g'sunge  hat's  gehese, 
Mer  sucht  der  Text  niit  grossem  Wese, 

Un '  e'  bissel  stolz, — 
Kaut  Xiiglin  un'  Peppermints  un'  so  G 'friise, 

Un '  Zimmetliolz. 

Un'  faule  Koj)p  fange  au '  zunucke, 
Un'  diirstige  Hiils  were  miiehtig  drueke, 
Un'  knitze  Buwe  alle  Ecke  aus  gucke, — 

Un '  zum  Fenster    'naus, 
Un  wui! 'ere  wo  <lie   Kerdiliof  Sidipucke 

Sin  Tags  zu  Ilaus. 


FOE  TIC  GEMS.  313 

'S  Diaf;  .Schiilil  sei  die  schliifrijir  Luft  iin  Summer 
Das  tlie  balb  Geine'  veryesst  ihr  Kumiiier, 
Un'  verliere  sich  in  ticfcr  Sclikiniiner, 

Awer  Buwe  un  '  Miiil 
Weclisle  'n  nianoher  Bliek  un'  denke,  "   'S  is  e'n  Dummer 

Ap  schlofe  geht. " 

Die  Wabrheit  von  dtT  Kensel  tliesst, 

Der  I'arie  es  Evaugalium  giesst, 

Sol  Weisheit  's  Sehiitze  gern   'ufschliesst, 

Mit  gross  Freigawp, 
Mit  Pausi:  un'  Lcrnung  schlagt  er  wiest, 

Der  bos  U'glawe. 

Mit  ernster  A'dacht  thut  er  bemerke, 
Die  Sind  un '  Thorheit  sieh  in  sterke, 
Un '  sich  verlosse   'uf  Monsche  Werke, 

Des  komnit  vo'ni  Buse; 
Net  besser  as  Ileide  te '1  an'eri  Kerehe, — 

Abgottisch   Wese! 

Ja,  Gott  sei  Dank!     Was  e'n  guter  Glawe!  '^ 

Was  meh'  will  e'n  guter  Krist  dann  hawe  ? 
Des  Wort  geht  iiwer  die  Kiipp  der  Tauwe — 

Sin  tief  im  Schlof ; 
Die  hiire  so  viel  as  drauss  sin  vergrawe, 

Im  Kerchhof! 

Der  Gottesdienst  endlich  komnit  zum  Schluss, 
'S  nenimt  g'uiss  au'  niemand  ke 'n  Verdruss, 
Doch  gute  Sache  gehn  net  im  Schuss, 

'S  hat  alles  sei  Zeit, 
Der  Parre  hat  au '  e  'n  freundlicher  Gruss, 

Fiir  all  die  Lent. 

Awer  ob  er  dann  der  Soge  sjir^cht, 
Die  Orgel  nochemal  frisch  ausbreeht — 
All  die  Schliifrige  ph'Uzlich    'ut'gewiicht — 

Der  Lobspruch  spielt; 
Un 's  Singe  laut  sehii.  als  e'n  jedes  recht 

Froh  un'  ernstlioh  fiihit — 

"  Ehr  sei  dem  Vater,  und  dem  Sohn, 
Dem  Heiligen  Geist,  auf  eiaem  Thron, — 
Der  Heiligt'ii  Dreieinigkoit. 
Sei  Lob  uud  I'reis  in  Ewitikeit. " 


DIE  LARNING.  '] 

Was  batt  die  Laming?     Nix— un  viel:  ,                                          1 

'S  depend  en  wennig  uf  der  Kop :  •* 

En  nianelier  eiforsiehtger  Drop  I 

Mit  frisohem  :\ruth  un  hocheni  Ziel  i- 

Hot's  Haru  sdiier  gaarli   raiisgsolitudirt—  1= 

Un  was  hot's  dann  am  End  gebatt?  i 

Ei.  endlich  hot  er,  blee.-h  un  matt,  I 

Sei  Kriifte  gans  veruminirt.  | 

rtar  Zueifel  hot  sei  Seel  vezwarnt:  | 

Uf  dunkli  Bariige  rum  is  er  # 

Wahnsinnig  gschtolpert  hi  '  un  her  f 

Un  hot  dar  recht  Weg  net  gelarnt.  ^ 

Die  Laming  muss  vewandelt  sei  -                            -3 

In's  Lewe— juscht  wie  Brod  zu  Blut,  | 

Sohunscht  dhut's   'm  Mensch  gans  wennig  gut,  | 

Kann  gaar  noch  Seiiade  dhu  debei.                          '  | 

Es  gebt  en  Seheeheit  vun  de  Seel,  '  | 

En  liebliehe  Gerechtigkeit,  '  .      .  I 

^  'As  sich  vesohennert  mit  de  Zeit  i 

Un  is  vuni  wahre  Gott   'n  Dheel.  ,  ■  'I 

Sei  is  die  haiipt  Sach ;  in  dar  Dhat  j 

Sei  is  es  cenzigsoht  Ding   'as  bsohteht  ■                f 

^  Waun  Welt  un  Himmel  niol  vegeht,  I 

Un  sei  hot  aa  die  Mamnii  ghat.            '  -                                           f 

In  ihrem  klwne  Finger  waar  '  I 

Meh  Weisheit  vun  de  reehte  Sart 

'As  man.her  Witzkop  finne  uard 
In  all  de  Bioher  gross  un  rahr. 

St.  Louis,  March  7,  1903.  ,     '  ^^  ^^  ^*^^«^e«- 

MT.  GRETNA  IN  WINTER,  or,  A  VISIT  TO  FAIRY-LAND. 

BY  REV.  P.   C.  CROLL. 

Last  week  I  broke  a  fixe-l  rule; 

I  kept  my  ten-year  boy  from  school 

To  visit  fairydand. 
A  chilly  rain,  the  day  before, 
Ha.l  caujjht  and  held'tlic  land'scape  o'er 

In   Frost-king's  icy  hand. 


POETIC  GEMH. 

While  orcliar.l-trees  and  shrubs  ami  grass 
Stood  clad  in  armor  of  clear  glass 

Am]  weighted  down  quite  low, 
The  mystic  weavers  of  the  sky 
Sent  down  a   blanket  from  on  high, 

Of  woolly,  flaky  snow. 

When    morning    dawned    quite    brisk    and    clear, 
And  snow  and  ice  clung  everywhere 

I  thought  of  Gretna's  hills. 
■^liere  goblins,  sprites  and  fairies  all. 
Such  days  must  dance  through  SAlvan  hall 

And  play  by  pearly  rills. 


315 


f 


A   SNAP-SHOT  TAKEN   AT   MT.   GRETNA. 
February  17,   190.>. 

On  iron  horse  the  mount  we  scaleil 
To  find  the  forest-trees  regaled 

"With  crystal  glories  bright; 
No  palace  ever  looked  so  grand! 
Xo  glass  emporium  in  the  land 

E'er  shone  in  such  a  light! 

Cathedrals  grand  and  towers  high, 
From  snow-white  earth  to  soft-blue  sky, 

Reared  up  their  charming  walls;  ' 
While  candalabra,   set  Mith  pearls, 
And  diamond  stars  ne'er  worn  by  earls 

Lit  up  their  magic  halls. 


316  THE  l'ESNSyLyAMA-GKHMA:S. 

The  brooklet   flowed    'round  isles  of  snow, 
While  hiireh  and  maple  bending  low. 

Built  crystal  arches  o'er. 
A  hundred  huts  the  pines'  supplied. 
By  elfin   all   were  occupied, 

From  glassy  roof  to  floor. 

A  myriad  Christmas-trees  stood  decked, 
^Vhose  brilliants  did  the  sun  reflect 

Like  thousand  tapers  bright. 
Such  glory  ne'er  did  wealth  command; 
No  palace-halls  were  e'er  so  grand. 

Illumined  by  such  light. 

Where  churches  camp,  Chautauquans  meet 
We  waded  through  each  sylvan  street 

Of  alabaster  snow. 
No  song  or  eloquence  was  heard; 
No  note  was  stirred  by  man  or  bird, 

Save  one  by  lone  Jim  Crow. 

..Eolus  now  woke  slumbering  breeze; 
,      To  harps  he  turned  the  tops  of  trees. 

And  deftly  picked  their  strings. 
Then  played  a  glass  harmonica. 
Ten  sylvan  tumbleronica — 

An  orchestra  on  wings. 

Reluctantly  we  turned  away. 

Where  acres  of  choice  diamonds  lay, 

Where  music  passed  all  rule.  

'  But  as  we  homeward  turned  our  way, 

I  heard  my  little  youngster  say : 
'Twas  worth  a  day  in  school. 

EIN  DEUTSCHER  YANKY  DUDEL. 

Copied    from    "  Der    Lihanotier    Mortii^nstern"  den   l>ten   Merz.    1S09.      By  perniissioii  ^of 
George  Gerhericli.  so  Seton  St.,  X.  W.,  Wasliiiigton. 

Alls  dem   Baltimore  corrcspomlent. ; 

Schiirft  den   S;ibel,   putzt 's   Gewehr,  Auf,  ihr  Briider!   frisch  gewagt; 

Maeht  euch  viel   Patronen-  Dann  hiilft   kein   Besinnen, 

Kommt  ein  Feind  von   ohngefehr,  Wenn  es  gilt,  seyd  nicht  verzagt, 

So  wiiszt  ihr  ilin  zu  lohuen!  So  v,erilt  ihr  's  gewinuen. — Cho. 

Chorus.  Mit  Frankreich  und  mit  England, 

Yilnky  dudel — sieh  dich  vor,  Sollen  wir  uns  schlagen; 

Man  will  dich  verfiihre-i-  Ein  Rock  soil  die  Tdry-Hand, 

Krieg  is  unsern  vnr  dem    Thor.  Yun    Theer  und   Fetleru    tragen. — 

Lerne — exercieren.  Cho. 


FOF/nC  GE.US. 


317 


Statt  eiu   Storn  iind  Ordcnshand 

Soil  cin    Rock   sic  zieren, 
Uiiil   7UT   Soban  \voll'n   wir  iluroh    's 
La  ml 

In  Triumph  sie  fiiliron. — Cho. 

Seht  die  Freyheits  Guttin  lacbt, 

Es  ist  ihr  Entziickeul 
Dafiir  soil  uds  in  der  Sohlacht 

Kuhm     imd     Siege     schmiioken. — 
Cho. 

Laszt  die  Freyheits  Fahnc  wehn 
Jedeiii  Feiiul  ein  Srhrecken; 

Freunde,  konimt,  liiszt  uds  sie  soliiin 
Auf    Quebock's    Wiille    stecken. — 
Cho. 


Diirtcn  winkt  der  Kuhiu  uns  nur, 

Feindo  zu   besiegen ; 
Ist.  beyin  Styx!   (ein  barter  Sobnur) 

Deutseben   ihr   Verguiigen. — Cho. 

Ilier  uclnnt  unser  Lebenwohl, 
Alle  deutscbeu  Sidiuueu — 

Dein  die  Ku^^-'l  troffeii  soli, 

Dem     srheiikt      eure     Thraneu!  — 
Cho. 


Peuen  sey  ihr  Glas  gefiillt, 
So  den  Tod  verlarbeu; 

Wenn,   im  Pulverdauijif  gebiiUt, 
Die  Kauducn  Kracben. — Cho. 


DER  JUNI  UND  DER  JULI. 


Der  Juni  is  s<?hon   bal  ferbei 
Die  Hoyet  is  iin  gang; 

Die  Baure  sin  ah  all  dabei. 
Sie  schoffe  herd   und  lang 


FKAN'K    K.    BHUXNER,     M.D. 

Die  Fracks  und  Ilosse  -uaare  nas. 

Oft  halb  wegs  an  die  Knie, 
Fum  nasse  Dau,  so  friih  im  Gras; 

Doeh  wars  uns  gar  ken  miih. 


Am  fier  Fhr  sehteene  sie  sehon  uf, 
L'nd  melke  erseht  die  Kiih ; 

Noh  laude  sie  die  Milieh  uf 
Und  schioke  sie  ferd,  friih. 

En  Kriemeri  ergeiiils  nemt  sie  ei, 
En  deel  geet  noch  der  Sehtadt; 

Des  Butter  schtosse  is  ferbei- — 
"Was  ■nar  sel  als  en  tsohob. 

Der  Raam  TAar  os  eniol  ferhext, 
Mer  hot  ken  Butter  krickt; 

^rir  hen  gedreet  und  hen  gekrext, 
Und  oft  ins  Fas  geblickt. 

Ferhext   wars   werd,    doch   wars   net 
wohr ; 
Es  gebt  nix  fun  der  Ardt ; 
Deel  Kiih  hen  ken  Frueht  grieht    's 
gans  Johr. 
Sie  waare  din  wie  Bord. 

lai  Juni  hen  mir  Hoy  gemaoht. 

"Was  hen  mir  als  gemeet 
Mit  deitsrhc  Sense,  und  gelacht ; 

Die  Meed  hen   's  Gras  fersohpreet. 

"Wan     's   sehtump    war    ben    mir    als 
gewetzet, 
Und  als  en  well  geruht; 
Und       mit       ile       Gras-ferschmeiser 

gschwatzt, 
Sel  hoc  sie  als  tresuit. 


Mei  Iliinil  hen  Mohler  fun  der  sens, 
Wo  ieb  miob  g'schnitte  bab 

Am  wetze  drunne  an  der  Fens; 
Es  wetze  war  mei  tscbob. 

I"nd  schmiirtze  hab  ioh  kat  im  Riick; 

Er  war  bal  hahver  ab ; 
Wie    froh    war    ich    fers    Xein    Uhr 
Schtiiok, 

Sel  war  als  juseht  tip-top. 

Schnaps,  Koft'e.  Wasser,  Kuehe,  Fei, 
Sel  war  als  unser  Kosoht ; 

En  jeders  war  gans  niichst  dabei, 
Zu  sc-baffe  wars  en  Luscbt. 

En  guter  Man  hot.  dan  und  wan. 

Mei   Sens   g'wetzed   fer   mieh; 
Noh  hot  sie  g'schnitte,  es  war  Fun, 

Mei  Muth  war  wider  friscb. 

En  schlecbter  Wetzer  bin  ich  noch, 
Ich  wees  net  wie  es  kumt; 

Habs  bescbt  g'du  und  immer  doch 
Is  sie  druf  naus  g'tschumpt. 

Es    Frueht    Reff    war    fer    mich    zu 
gros. 

Im  Schtroh  wars  immer  fascht; 
Ich  hab  g'zojit   fer  wider  los ; 

Es  war  nur  als  en  Lascht. 


318 


T}IK  PENN  S  YL  VA  MIJ  -  GK  RM  A  A' . 


Poch  Fruilit  s'luiinie  liab  icli  oft, 
Sel  war  mir  jusclit  als  frcfil; 

Uiiil  for  ilor  zeit,  oft  hab  ioh  koft — 
Es  helfe  ah  doel  Meed. 

Es  waare  iTiinier  soni  dabei, 

Sel  war  so  angeiieoni; 
Die  Mansleit   siu   g'riiseht  druf  uei, 

En  jedors  geet  fers  Geem. 

Do  hot   nier  ah   geru   Hoy  g'macht. 

Nas  war  iner  oft  niit  Schwitz; 
Una  mange  Load  war  Heeni  g'broeht 

In  aller  trrosehter  Hitz. 


Und  wans  ans  Fahre  gange  is, 
Hen  zwe  Meed  noh  g'recht; 

Die     heus     Hoy     g 'sehliinkerd- 
gewis, 
Hen  all  gedu  es  bescht. 


-J  a, 


"\Vie  heeineld  iiiich  noch  selle  zeit, 

Duch  is  sie  all  f  erbei ; 
Es   Hov   und   Frucht    FeUl   war   foil 
Leit, 

Nau  is   Miischinerei. 

Die  Gras  maschin.  die  kleppert  nau, 
Und  meed  en  gros,  gros  Schtiick; 

Der  Meher  werd  net  nas  funi  Dau, 
Und  krickt  ken  krummer  Riick. 

Gras  sehprehe  duth  sie  ah  so  scho, 
Mer  meent  es  kent  net  sei ; 

Es  kent  jo  gar  net  besser  geh 
Mit  dutzeud  Meed  dabei. 

Sie  Eeche  ah  nau  niinme  noh 
Wans  Hoy  g'laade  werd; 

En  Gaul  ini  Keche  mus  sel  du, 
Es  geet  ihm  ah  net  herd. 

Alit  Weune  sehnt  es  grad  so  aus, 
En  Kicker  mus  ins  Feld; 

Mit  ?ex  Fiisz  sehUioht  er  hinne  naus, 
Seent  juscht  mol  wie  er  sohneld. 

Fiel  g'sohwinder  und  juseht  grad  so 
guth 
Word?  Hoy  nan  ah  g'macht; 

Und  sel  is  was  die  Baure  suit- 
Wans  sie  juscht  wennig  koscht. 

Und  Frucht  bind  ah  ken  Meedel  meh, 

Sie  hasse  nau  die  Sun ; 
Sie  v.olle  schnock  sei,  weis  und  scho, 

Doch   schpringe    sie    sonscht    rum. 

Der  Boinder  nemt  nau   seller  Platz. 
Seent  hie  wie  er  Fr\icht  meed, 


Und    bind    sie    uf    und    drinkt    ken 
Schnajis, 
Sel  macht  de  I'.aure  freed. 

Der  Juli  kumt  dcm  .Juni  nuh ; 

Noll   erudt  mer   Fruelit  und    Hoy; 
Der  Herr  sehoft  alios  ohne  Lnh, 

Schtiird  aus  schon  friih  im  Moy. 

Ehn  Monat  hclft  deni  anre  mit, 
So  geets  Johr  ei.  .Johr  aus ; 

Sel  lehrt  der  Herr  uns  zutu  Profit, 
Helf  elms  dem  anre  raus. 

Und  s'o  geets  ferd  so  lang  die  Weldt 

In  ihre  Orbit  geet; 
Fiel  Leit  feriliene  Ehr  und  Geld, 

Besonders  guthe  Meed. 

Und    Summer,    Winter,    Schpot    und 
Friih ; 

Die  bleiwe  niemols  aus; 
Des  Lewe  is  foil  Erwed,  ]^Iuh, 

Sel  meent — Schaff  dir  en  Hans. 

Drum,    .Tuni,     dir    sag    ich    "Good- 
bye. ' ' 
Du  hoscht  dei  sach  g"du; 
Bis  du's  niichst  Johr  kumscht  wider 
bei 
Sin  fiel  ferd  in  die  Ruh. 

Und  Juli,  nau  kumt  dir  dei  Zeit, 
Mit  Tage  lang  und  hees; 

Du  hoscht  fer  uns  noch  fiel  arbeit, 
Fiel  mehner  das  mer  wees. 

Der  Pennsylvania-German  ah, 
Der  schlupt  im  .luni  raus, 

LTnd  bis  der  Juli  gumt — hurrah! 
Is  er  in  jederm  Haus. 

Drum  danke  mir,  forhiindig,  dem 

Gott  und  guthe  Leit, 
Das  mir  g'lebt  hen  wie  mir  hen,  • 

Und  ah  bei  dere  Zeit. 

Der  Himmel  mag  wohl  schijner  sei 

^As  wie  die  Erd  do  is; 
Doch  in  dor  Jugend  will  kens  nei; 
.  Net   bis  mir  schteh  alt  is. 

L'^nd  noh  is  es  em  nuch  ferleet, 

Sin  so  fiel  Saehe  do, 
Mer  wiinsi-ht  zu  scene  wie  es  geet, 

Es  schterwe  bast  mer   so. 

Docii  wan  die  Wehlt  uns  nimme  will, 

Dan  sage  mir — Adje, 
Zu  .Juni,  .Juli- -yeets  wie's  will, 

Und  fahre  in  die  Hoh. 


FOETIV  GEMS. 


319 


DER  YOKEL  UN  DIE  LUNCH    ROUTE. 

BY   M.   C.   HEXNINGKK,   ESQ. 


L'fnie   Sani^tag   Noiumctofx 

Kiuiit  dor  Yokel  in  die  Stadt, 
D'nob   gelit   or  uf  die  Luncli   Eoute 

Un  est  sich  dick  nn  satt, 
Fon  Gehlreve,  Saur  Krout, 

Bomnieraiitze  I'ie, 
Bull  Frogs  un  Krotte  Flesch, 

Was  si-lik'cht    der    Yokel   nei ! 

Eothreve,   Leve^-^Verseht, 

Sehweitzer  Kase  un  Fish, 
Broat  Werscht  niit  Knovlich  drin, 

'Sis  alles  uf  em  Dish; 
Kutth'tleek  un  Delawar  Shad, 

Weisses  Kraut  un  Speck, 
Beefsteaks  init   Swivele  druf, 

'Sis  alles  frei  fun  Dreck. 

Ijebkuchc,   Kornbrodt, 

Oyshter  Soup  un  Clams, 
Blutwe-rscht  uu  Zitterle, 

Seide  Speck  un  Hams, 
Kimmelbrodt  un  Schuiier  Kase, 

^Vaffele   noch  dabei, 
Die  Buwe  sclilagen   recht  nei 

'Sis  yo  alles  frei. 

Pannhaas  uu  Schnitz  un  Knep, 

Sparrow  Grass  un  Lung, 
Seifies  un  Ochse  Schnuth, 

Wasserkress   un    Zung, 
Noodle  Soup  un  I>andeline, 

Alles  uf  Credit, 
Grundsau  mit  Gravy  druf, 

Des  macht  en  Appedit. 

Rosina  Boy  un  Bona  Soup, 

Haase  un  Fersant, 
Hinkel  Chowder,   Kalb  Flesch, 

Alles  is  uf  Hand; 
Mackrel  Fish  un  Schnitz  Boy, 

Erbse  Soup  un  Tripe, 
Des  macht  en  guter  Wechsel — 

En  Ferennerung  in  der  Leib. 

Celere  un  Kraut  Zelath, 

Chips  un   Bumpernickcls, 
Schwa rtenuige,  Schmokewerscht, 

Grundniss  un  dehl  Pickels, 
Schwartz  Brodt  un  Krumbere  Soup, 

Lever  Knep  un  Hash, 
Ift'iugrmaclito  Custard  Boy, 

Uu   all  J.0  artt  G 'trasch. 


Der  Yokel  wert  nau  Dorschtrich, 

Un  drinkt  sicli  ziendich  foil — 
Von  Applejack  un  I'>raiitewein, 

Des  geth  net  bei  der  ZdU; 
Cock-tails  un  Fancy  Stufcht, 

Gin  un  Lager  Bier,. 
Es  wert  ihm  wennich  schwiudlich, 

Kt  sieht  yo  nimme  die  Diehr. 

Der  Yokel  ^\ert  gans  luschtig 

Un  is  awennig  duniin  ; 
Klei  kumt  en  grosser  Schlifflel 

ITn  j)uscht  en  hinue  rumm ; 
Der  Yokel  is  nau  fechterich, 

L"n  schlecht  niol  wennich  nei. 
Hinne  naus  un  forne  naus, 

Ehns  un   tswe  un   drei. 

Es  necht  is  der  Lockuji, 

Der  Yokel  is  net   Ghame. 
Ei,  Ei!   dhu  Hebe  Mutter! 

Er  winscht  er  wer  D'hame; 
Y'etzt  kumt  er  for  der  ^[ayor; 

"Was  huscht  dhu  dann  g'dhu, 
Es  scheint  mer  wann  dhu  shloppich 
werscht, — 

Dhu  warscht  en  schlechter  Buh." 

"  Ei  nay,  dhu  liever   Mayor, 

Ich  bin  en  guter  ^[ann, 
Nau  geb  ich  dir  die  Stohrie 

So  guth  as  wie  ich  kann; 
Ich  war  niol  uf  der  Lunch  Eoute, 

Hab  g  'f  resse  wie  en  Kuh  ; 
Hab  g  'sutfe  wie  en  Einstickfie, 

Doch  bin  ich   en  guter  Buh. 

"Of  course  ich  war  im  Schtettel 

L'n  war  net  gut  bekannt, 
D'noh  kummen  die  Polies  Leit 

Un  nenimen  mich  bei  der  Ilandt; 
Sell  is  nau  grat  wie   's  gauge  is, 

Ach !  Mayor,  loss  niich  frei ; 
Die  Lunch  Eoute  bin  ich  fertich  mit, 

Un  bleib  g  'wiss  g  'trei. ' ' 

"Well,    Yokel,    dhu   warscht    schlop- 
pich ; 

Doch  geb  ich  <lich  desmohl  frei. 
Ghe  Hehm  un  dliu  dich   butze, 

L''n  blieb  mer  d'noh  g'trei; 
Geh  zhu  der  Frau  un  Kinner. 

Bleib  fon  der  Lunch  Eoute  week, 
Un     wann     dhu     widdcr     hungrich 
werscht 

Ess  Sauer  Kraut  uu  Speck." 


320 


THE  rENNSYLVANIA-GEnMAN. 


DER  GEITZ. 

REV.    A.    C.    WUCHTEU. 


Der     geitz,     der     geitz,     der    lieliwa       Der     tox,     of     courso,     wert     sclieh 


geitzl 

Die      Bibel      mohlt       'ii      dunk'l- 
sehwartz; 
Er     hut      'ni     Achan  's     guick     f  er- 
schtoueht, 
Un   niooht    'ni    Nabal    's    schiinpa 
kortz. 

Der  Auanias  un  sei  frah 
Hen   aw    den    Maniinon   awg'beht; 
Sie  hen  ihr  hawb  un  gut  ferkawft, 
Un  hen  die  helft  yus(?ht  eig'dreht. 


b'tzahlt, 
Doh  koni 'r  winters  nix  d'fohr; 
Won 's  ovver  geht  t'er    's   Grischten- 

duhni— 
So     schondeshohver     'n    f  ert  '1     's 

yohr. 

Fer   's  Gottesreieh  un  Mission 

Hut    's  hertz  ken  blocka,   tzort  un 
waieh, 

Ahnosa  gevva  .'  links  un  rwhts!  — 
Des  sin  so  dumnia  porrasehtraich. 


Der  Tetrus  mochts    'ne  soliwartz  un       I)cr  porra  pre<Ucht  frisch  druff  lobs; 


blob, 

Sie  folia  uni,  nunisrocka  doht; 
S'is  schreeklich  worn 'r  drivver  deukt, 
Un  docli  hut  's  fiel  ini  sehina  boat. 

Sie  gropscha,  nmcha,  dawg  un  nocht, 
Un  essa  sieh  net  hohver  sott; 

Sie  tzwouka   's  ob  on  leib  uu  seel 
Un    klawga     sich     noch     foischter 
niott. 

"Won '3  yuscht  bei  sellem  bleiwa  debt 
No  kenut  m'r  sawga:  "Gott  sei 
dank"; 

Wit  hondla  niit  'nel  geb  uscht  acbt, 
Sie  neninia  butter,  brod  un  scbonk. 

Sie  kawfa  ei  uff  Deitsch  g'wicht, 
Un  peddla   's  mit  der  Yuddawog; 

Die  ehrlicbkeit  bleibt  nob  d'hebni 
Un  heilt  sich  sott  om  wasserdrog. 

Sie  schtena  on  <ler  gortafeus 

Un  gucka  'm  Xalioth  ivver  's  feld, 

Un  plana  wie  ni  'r   's  mocha  kon 
Fer  'n  mortgage  kriega  uhna  geld. 

Won    mohl    der    geitz    die    wipbond 
grickt. 
Noll   gelit    's   de   gullop    dawg   un 
nocht; 
Ken  tzeit  fer  bebta,  busza  dub — ■ 
Mit  sellem  wert  ken  gelt  g'mocht. 

Won   's  geht  fer  biss'l  opfergeld 
Dob    schtarrt    m 'r    wieseht    in     's 
weschpanescht ; 
Sie    ferchta    sich    fer     'm    "gling'l- 
sock" 
Wic      'n     Kind     fer      'm     wasser 
worn 'r    's  wescbt. 


"Aeh!    hiet   eich,   liehwa   ieit,   fer 
'm  Geitz, 
Fer    'n  buss  un  fuftzeb  dabler  cash 
Ilengt      Jesus      blutioh      dert      om 
Kreitz. " 

Er  hut  's  so  scbeh  un  gute  g'mocht, 
Sie  schparra  's  moul  uff,  schlofa  ei, 

Bis  doss  'r  endlich  ' '  Aineu  ' '  sawgt, 
Dags  druff  geht  's  widder  .frisch 
druflt'  nei. 

"Geld    tzwingt    die    welt,"    wie     's 
scbprichwort  sawgt, 
Un  Mammon  's  lieb  tzwingt  leib  un 
seel ; 
Fer   'n  hondfoU  bech  scbwaert  erner 
falsch, 
Der    onner    hut    sei    scbtinmirecbt 
fehl. 

Won  ebber  so  mobl  schtarwa  muss, 
Eh  bond  im  geldsock,  ehnie  draff, 

Un   's  hertz  om  such  fer  noch  meb — 
Wos    gebt     's    d'nohf      Haert     's 
geitza  uff? 

It'll    glawb    's    mohl    net,    m  'r    haert 
tzu  fiel 
Wie    sellie     ort     sich     waehrt     un 
kickt; 
Wie  org  der  dobt  sich  blooga  muss 
Bis     doss      'r     'n     olter     geitzbols 
grickt. 

S'war    mohl    so     'n     alter    gnopser, 

hebst   '3, 

Dert  hver   'm  seeh  im  Fransaland, 

Doht-kronk    im    bett,    ken    huffning 

meb. 

Dor  geldsock  bei  sioli  in  der  bond. 


FOETIC  6'A'-l/.b'.                                                  321 

E-r      liet      for       'n      ilokt'r      eudlich  "  St-l,    fatter,   koseht   tz\veh   dahler 

g'schickt,  null." 

Der  het  dor  kup  so  schep  p'nuokt  Dor  f;ittt*r  guckt  der  dokt'r  aw — 

Vn  g'froa^'t:    "Well,   fattt-r,   bet    'r  "  Kh     J'ert  "1    sclituu     uii    dob    net 

sehun  seblob. ' ' 
Fer    'n  porra  ])iss'l  runig 'guokt  ?  " 

"G'sehwind.     dunrl     diob,     bolwier 

"Was  I  Muss  icb  srbterwa  .'  Kaimsebt  niieb  scbuell'' — 

nix   iliib?  Der  liarber  but  not  lony  g 'wetzt, 

Mei    sock!    Wuh    is    'r!    Ob    yab,  I'n  ^\•as  aw  nooli   'n  wunner  war, 

dob."  Jlut   not   a 'mubl   fer    'n   cent   wort 

"Neb,   fatter,    'u  bulwie   scbtun   uff  g'sebwetzt. 
's  leugscht. 

Is  ebbes  uocb,  so  guekt'u  nob."  S'war     'n    wetting    tzwiseba    geitz 

iin  dobt, 

Er    leit    gons   sobtill,    er    nuK-kt    siob  Der  dobt   ferliert    's,  der  geitzbols 

net —  loebt 

Ferleiobt  gelit  docb   's  g 'wissa  uff;  I'n  kollcrt  ivver   'm  ausgeb  noeli — 

Uff  ebmobl  fongt   'r  hortiidi  aw  :  "Eh    dahler- — ueintzit-h  —  cent — 

"(I'sobwind,  sebickt  fer  'n  barl>er,  g'niocht." 
sebiekt    "n  ruft\  '" 

Dert  drivva,  denk  irb.  sin  sie  fr^h 

Der    barber    kuninit    niit    kneii'    un  Won  ebber  so  yusebt  onua  kunimt 

berscht, —  Os  olles  selwer  hovva  will — 

Der  alt   der   nenunt    'n  niobl   in    's  Olibordieb  's  feior  wub  so  liruninit. 
awg; 

"Du,  sawg,    's  ko?ebt  tzeha  cent  fer  Dos  gebl    des  geld,  des  wiedieh  geld, 

'n  sehafe,  I'n    dooh    kon    niinmond    drunner 

Was     koscbt      "s     for      'n     dobtes  dub ; 

schafa.  sawg?"  Wer  niit   'm  Agar  belita  kon 

Don  lusst    's  gwiss  in  guter  ruh. 

.Der  barber  sebtutzt  un  deukt  a'wei!,  Gilbert,  Pa. 


ES  HAEMELT  EM  A'. 

BY    RF.V.    ADAM    STUMP,    D.D. 

Doh  stebt's  alt  Hous  am  Weg,  Der  Bauni  am  Brunne  schwebt"; 

En  Stueok  von  alte  Zoite  her;  Dor  ^laulebecr  hen  sie  verkaekt. 

Mor  giikt 's  jo  oftmals  a'.  Die  Kinnor  singe:  "Mi,  sol,  fa; 

Dort  gebt  die  Kindheits-sp  icbersteg.  Die    Blum,    des    Laub,    der    Stamm 

Ees  haemelt   em  a',  vergebt!" 

Sie  heamelt  em  a'.  Und's  haemelt  em  a', 

Es  haemelt  em  a'. 

Doh  is  des  Kaemmerlie;  Dor  Todesaeker  blueht ; 

loll  l:>in  gobi>re  worre  doh.  ^lor  fueblt  not  ganz  so  fremm  in 

Mer  donkt  so  manchmal  dra '.  dem. 

Mer  waes  jusclit  wann,  mer  waes  net  Ya,  Mutter.  Kind  und  Frau — 

■wie,  Guk,  wie  mer  jetz  die  Name  sieht! 

Doeh  heamelt 's  em  a',  So  baenolt's  em  a', 

Es  haemelt  em  a'.  Es  haemelt  em  a'. 

Horoht,  hacrt  die  Glooke  geh! 

Dort  is  dicsolbe  SchwoU ;  Sic  tollt  en  ^lancber  in  sei  Bett; 

Es  stehne  fremme  Fuesse  druf ;  Der  Soblof,  dor  legt  sie  dab. 

Mer  sohleioht  ira  Zweifel  na'.  Die  Glock  soblagt  hart,  sie  duht  em 

Es  is  wie's  war,  un  doob  net,  gel?  weh ; 

Doeh  buomc!    's  em  a',  Es  haenielt  em  a', 

Es  haemoh  em  a  '.  Sio  haomolt  em  a  '. 


LANDMARK  HISTORY  OF   UNITED  BRETHRENISM 
IN    PENNSYLVANIA. 

BY   REV.   C.    I.   B.   BKAXE,   D.D. 

THE  Church  uf  the  Vnitt'd  liiothien  in  Christ  was  originally  exclu- 
sively Geriiinii,  Ijeliig  liorn  ai;il  brought  uii  among  those  who 
spoke  that  language.  Moreover,  it  luul  its  beginning -in  the 
Keystone  Commonwealth,  an<l  therefore  may  be  mentioned  with 
perfect  }iropriety  in  The  Pennsylvaxia-German.  It  v\"as  conceived  in  the 
spirit  of  flivine  grace  and  compassion  for  men  in  a  period  of  religious  in- 
difference that  was  taxing  to  those  who  realized  the  peril  of  sin  and  the 
v\orth  of  souls,  and  who  knew  that  even  a  lovely  landscape  like  the 
Lebanon  Valley,  wiih  its  boundless  resources  of  material  wealth,  must 
prove  a  cold  and  barren  community  without  the  life-giving  influence  of  the 
Sun  of  Iiighteousness  in  the  soul  of  tlie  settler.  In  the  absence  of  Spirit 
fruit  the  soil  of  life  can  furnish  nothing  worthy  the  aim  and  ambition  of 
an  immortal  soul.  'I'lie  true  jihilosopliy  (if  life  is  bound  up  in  the  tloctrine 
of  spiritual  supremacy.  That  is  the  divinely  established  center  around 
which  every  other  experience  and  expression  of  life  must  siibordinately 
gravitate.  "Seek  first  the  Kingdom  of  God  and  His  righteousness,"  is 
the  direction  of  the  great  Teacher.  In  the  spirit  of  that  persuasion,  real- 
izing that  the  church  must  not  be  silent,  much  less  satisfied,  when  the  air 
is  thick  with  the  fog  of  sin  and  the  duty  of  the  hour  is  to  utter  the  protest  of 
God  against  a  debasing  tendency,  our  sjiiritual  ancestors,  faithful  ministers 
and  members  of  various  churches,  raised  the  "danger  signals"  of  the 
Gospel  in  the  counties  of  Lebanon,  Lancaster,  Berks  and  Dauphin,  and  also 
throughout  the  beautiful  Cumberland  Valley,  and  thus  induced  thousands 
to  enter  the  ark  of  safety. 

Soon  after  the  town  of  Lebanon  was  laid  out,  and  when  most  of  our  fair 
and  fertile  farms  were  covered  with  forests  upon  which  the  keen  blade  of 
the  woodman's  ax  had  not  yet  been  tried,  and  through  which  wild  beasts 
and  wilder  Indians  still  roamed,  the  one  often  in  hot  pursuit  of  the  other, 
the  work  of  a  sonl-sa\'ing  evangelism  was  organized  and  entered  upon  in 
those  sections  of  the  State  already  mentioned,  the  movement  being  pioneer- 
ed by  a  company  of  plain  but  pii.us  preachers,  chiefly  of  the  Mennonite 
Society,  but  includincj  members  of  ev^rv  other  Protestant  persuasion  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  State.  At  that  time  the  trend  of  church  life,  in  spite 
of  the  faithfulness  of  the  few  ministers  then  employed  to  preach  the  Gos- 
pel, was  largely  negati\e  and  neutral,  affording  little  or  no  stimulation  to 
sidritual  enterprise.  Moreover,  this  was  the  period  immediately  preceding 
the  Kevolutionary  War,  which  was  additionally  demoralizing  and  detri- 
mental to  religion.  Fortunately  for  those  who  have  been  favorably  ef- 
fected by  the  influence  of  United  Brethrenism,  the  period  of  religious  in- 
difference to  which  I  refer  was  broken  by  a  great  Pentecostal  meeting  at 
Isaac  Long's,  near  Lancaster,  in  17Ct~,  on  which  occasion  people  of  high 
and   low   degree,   anil    rcpre^-enting    almost    every   phase  of  belief  known    to 


UNITED  BKETHKEMUM    L\   rEXN.SYLVAyiA. 


323 


the  ComnioiiTM'ftltli  of  Israel,  eaiiic  fruni  far  aiul  near  aiul  sat  undor  the 
spell  of  Gosjiel  iiiiity  in  a  larj^e  barii  where  Martin  Boehni,  a  Meunonite 
rniuisfter,  preached  tlie  Won!  -vvitli  such  power  and  luution  that  scnes  were 
then  and  there  led  to  forsake  sin  and  embrace  the  Saviour,  realizing  that 
through  Him  the  gift  of  God  is  eternal  life.  At  the  close  of  the  sermon, 
and  before  Mr.  Boehni  had  time  to  resume  his  seat,  William  Otterbein,  a 
Reformed  minister,  affectionately  embraced  him  in  his  arms  and  said:  "We 
are  brethren."'  That  fraternal  utterance  and  scene  suggei?ted  tlie  name 
of  the  church — "United  Brethren,"  the  additional  j.hrase,  "in  Christ," 
being  supplied  when  the  denomination  was  organized  at  Frederick,  Md., 
thirty-three  years  later. 

That  was  a  meeting  in  whieli  ministers  and  members  of  various  churches 
participated,  and  in   which  the  grace  and  love  of  God  were  so  abundantly 


i.i. 


m 


sa?#W 


-5^    . 

4- 

^4^', 

J  Vijl'-f 

:M:/ 

i 

'  -;■ 

ilr%-"- 

.Uji'f  - 

_;„'  ,:. 

^:\'.c*  ;°'-',-i»i*-.**— ^ 


ISAAC   LONG'S   IIOMK, 
Whore    the    l'eiiti'C(ist;il    meeting    was    held    in    ITGT 


realized  that  sectarianism  had  no  show  at  all.  While  Boehm  preached  in 
the  barn,  overilnw  meetings  were  held  in  the  house  and  orchard  near  by, 
where  some  ministers  from  Virginin  preached  the  Word. 

Of  course  the  old  trees  shown  in  the  cut  are  not  the  ones  under  which  the 
people  gathered  on  that  occasion,   but  they  occupy  the  same  ground. 

Denominationally  speaking,  there  were  no  United  Brethren  present,  ex- 
cept in  embryo:  but  most  of  the  leaders  and  many  of  the  people  who  came 
together  at  the  meeting,  which  lasted  several  days,  subsequently  became 
members  of  the  church  and  participated  in  its  organization  in  ISOO.  But 
Lutherans.  Presbyterian?.  Methodists',  Amish,  Reformed,  Dunkards,  Morav- 
ian? an<l  Menuonites  came  together  "in  the  uuitv  of  the  faith,  anil  of  the 


324 


THE  rESNSYJA'AMA-CEUMA}^. 


kiiowle.l^p  of  tlip  Sdii  of  Cioil,"  anil  tliero  wi'diioht  to  His  glory  and  the 
salvation  of  souls.  At  tlie  >-losi'  of  the  nifctini;  tlie  Icailc^rs  liejil  a  confer- 
ence  in  \\lii<'h  thoy  ai^^rt'O'l  upon  a  basis  of  iloctrinal  harmony  an.l  mutual 
co-operation,  and  planned  for  tl\e  iwtension  of  the  uurk  in  Pennsylvania. 
Marylanil  and  Virginia,  and  tlius  gave  new  life  and  ijistinetive  features  to 
the  germinal  forees  of  the  movonuMit.  -which  eulminate<l  in  the  organization 
of  the  church  of  the  I'nitetl  Tirotinon  in  Christ  at  Peter  Kemp's,  near 
Frederick.  Md.,  in  ISOd. 

Having  said  this  much  concerjiing  the  (jrigin  and  organization  of  the 
church  in  general.  I  wish  to  s[>(nik  more  particularly  respecting  its  history 
in  Lebanon  County,  where  the  soul-saving  intlnence  of  those  "  unsectarian 
preachers,''  as  United  Brethren  niinis'ters  were  then  called,  is  now  em- 
bodied in    a   comnuinicant   membership   of   about   fi\e  tiiousanij,   with    thirty 


■\.,,:^-  V  t,-' 


.^,-  -;>  >'  ■  ,1 : 


^^"^'^' %  t 


I.s.VAC    I,(>N(;\S    OKCIIAKl'. 
Where    llir    ovi-rrtuw    inrctiiisr    nci'iui-i'il    In    17 


churrhes  and  one  educational  institution — Lebanon  Valley  College.  On 
reflecting  upon  such  substan.tial  results,  I  ex{ierience  a  dtvp  sense  of  grati- 
tude to  our  spiritual  ancestors,  realizing  that  they  have  left  us  an  inherit- 
ance clo.sely  akin  to  that  v.hich  is  incorruptible,  undefiled,  and  that  fadeth 
not  away,  amounting  to  infinitely  more  than  all  the  material  wealth  of  the 
county.  Their  simple  faith  and  labor  of  love  and  self-sacrificincr  service  and 
soul-saving  sermons,  associate<l  with  the  best  intluences  of  all  the  churches 
in  the  community,  have  stocked  the  county  with  godly  men  and  capitalized 
her  chief  city  with  the  life  and  spirit  of  Cliristianity.  They  broke  the  box 
of  spiritual  y>erfume  on  every  hill-toi»  and  crowded  the  valleys  with  the 
odor  of  the  ointment.     More  than  a  century  ago  William  Otterbtnn.  'Martin 


UXrnJl)  BUKTlinKXLsM    JX   rKXXSYLl'AXlA. 


325 


Boeluii  and  Maitiii  J\i\'i.iri-  (.-aiivasseil  tliia  hively  valley  for  simlis  witli  aJl 
the  diliyoiice  of  a  huhIoiu  IjiK.k  agent,  and  somi  had  liorn  to  their  bpiritual 
fatherhood  hnndroils-  of  souls,  in(diiding  Abraliani  Druksel,  Casper  Sherk 
and  Felix  Ligiit,  eaeh  of  ^vhonl  gave  his  time  and  talent  to  the  revival  nuive- 
meut  and  beeame  a  tower  of  strength  to  the  cause  of  Christ,  not  only  in 
Lebanon  county,  but  also  in  other  States  and  coinnuinities.  Of  the  six 
men  %Tho  originally  pioneered  the  cause  of  United  I'.rethrenism  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, four  -were  nati\es  of  Lebanon  county,  namely,  Martin  Kreider,  Abra- 
ham Draksel.  Casper  Sherk  and   Felix  Light. 

In  the  year  ITtJT  four  things  ooeurred  wliich  had  much  to  do  with  this 
great  revival  movement  and  the  history  of  the  United  Brethren  Church. 
The  things  to  which  I  refer  are  the?e:  the  Pentecostal  meeting  at  Isaac 
Long's,  the  conversion  of  Martin  Kreider  and  Christian  Xewromer,  anil  the 
birth  of  Felix  Light.     iEoreover,  it  is  edaimed  traditionallv  that   the  three 


GEKTING'S    MKI-niNG    HOISE, 

Tile   first    Chiirob   .Mc-.-f:-.!    by    tlio    Unit. a    Hivthioii.      I'.iiilt    ni    Aiitietaui.    Mil.,    in    171 


former  events  happened  ou  Whitsuntide.  The  far-reaching  intluence  of 
those  four  events  may  be  inferred  from  tlie  fact  that  the  Pentecostal  meet- 
ing at  Isaac  Long's  resulted  in  plans  which  led  to  the  organization  of  the 
church,  and  in  the  conversion  of  ^^lartin  Kreider  ami  Christian  Newcomer 
the  revival  nioveiniMit  gained  the  co-operation  of  two  great  and  gifted  men. 
Mr.  Newcomer  became  a  bishop  in  the  chun  h  and  labored  more  widely  and 
abumlantly  than  any  of  his  co-laborers.  As  for  Felix  Light,  he  was  then 
placed  in  the  line  of  promotion,  not  to  the  same  position  in  the  church,  but 
to  the  same  prominence  in  the  work  of  the  ]^[aster  twenty-five  years  later. 
^Nlartin  K)eidei-  stood  next  to  P.o.-hni  and  (^tterbein  in  point  of  age  and 
service  in  the  cliurdi.     lie  was  the  son  of  .lohn   Kreider,  and  lived  aV'out  a 


326 


lUE  VESySYLVAMA-GElLMAS 


mile  ur  two  south  of  Lel'auoii,  whore  he  also  died  and  was  buried.  He  wa3 
born  February  H,  1740,  and  died  November  14,  IS'iti.  His  remains  lie  on 
the  old  home  farm,  and  his  yrave  is  marked  by  a  nati\e  limestone.  Plis 
home  was  one  of  the  first  T'nited  Brethren  preachinij  places  in  the  county 
and  Slate.  Mr.  Kreider  marrieil  Miss  Catharine  Selunutz,  who  lived  a  few 
miles  south  of  Lebanon,  and  was  a  neighbor  of  Abraham  Loro,v,  whose 
daughter,  Susana,  became  the  beloved  wife  of  William  Otterbein,  the  found- 
er of  the  United  Brethren  in  Christ. 

Kext  to  ^Martin  Kreiiler,  Abraham  Drakscl  stood  most  helpfully  identi- 
fied Avitli  tlie  revival  movement  in  I'ennsylvania,  and  especially  in  Lebanon 
county,  where  he  was  born  iu  17.j3.  lie  was  called  ''the  silenced  preaclier. " 
because  his   Amish   brethren,   amon^   whom   he  v\as   a   nuni:?ter,   thought    he 


:'-  ri^^ 


:-'---i»j;-;:;^ 


■•-iCi-S^* 


-^^U;:, 


:ri,S.'3r.>f.  ^  [Tr^** L!^v -'^  ^^4-,-««?; 


""'^■^^ 


.^    "Tir^ 


Near  Lebanon,   wlirre  tlic 


Tfii-:  Kia;im:K  (iUAVF.YAUK 

niiiHiiis  of   UfV.    Martin  Kroiili-i',   a   pioneer   I'nited   Brettiren 
niinistei',    are    Ijuiii'il. 


made  too  much  of  the  doctrine  of  regeneration  in  his  preaching.  But  he 
insisted  that  the  t'hristian  religion  is'  a  matter  of  now  life  and  enjoyment  in 
the  Holy  Ghost;  so  he  was  "silenced  " — uotitied  that  he  must  stop  preaching. 
Of  course  Mr.  Draksel  continued  the  work  of  an  evangelist,  and  was  dis- 
tinguished for  his  abundant  labors,  sweet  spirit,  Gospel  sermons  and  blame- 
less life.  It  is  said  that  his  beaming  countenance,  which  was  always  lit  up 
■with  an  optimistic  faith  in  God  and  the  Gospel,  was  an  index  to  the  spiritual 
joy  and  sunshine  that  reigned  within.  He  lived  two  or  three  miles  north- 
■west  of  Lebanon,  on  the  farm  subsequently  owned  and  occupied  by  Mr. 
Louis  Yingst,  whn  was  the  grandfatloT  of  Mrs.  A.  B.  Schropp.  an  honored 
member   of   Triinty   I'.    B.   chiirch   of    this  city.     A  sacramrntal   meeting  of 


UNITED  Bh'ETTinEMSM   IX  FEXySYLVAMA.  ;3J7 

great  puwer  anil  far-reacliini;'  influence  was  helil  at  Mr.  Draksel's  Imnie  on 
the  fii'.-<t  day  uf  >ray.  179G.  It  began  the  Saturday  before  with  a  business 
meeting,  Avhieli  was  followed  uitli  a  sermon  by  Christian  Newcomer,  of 
Maryland,  who  s]ioke  with  great  liberty  on  these  words:  "When  a  strong 
man  armed  kcepeth  his  palace,  his  goods  are  in  peace."  On  Sunday  morn- 
ing George  A.  Ciceting,  of  Autietam,  Md.,  preached  a  wonderful  sermon  from 
the  47th  Psalm.  But  the  crowning  service  of  the  day  occurred  in  the  after- 
noon, when  ;^^artin  Boehm,  of  Lancaster  county,  preached  from  this  text: 
"For  the  Son  of  man  is  come  to  seek  and  to  save  that  which  is  lost."  At 
the  close  of  the  day  Newcomer  wrote  this  in  his  journal:  "This  day  we  had 
a  great  time.  The  grace  of  God  wrought  powerfully  among  the  people. 
All  were  melted  to  tears  and  lasting  good  was  done." 

Casper  Sherk,  who  lived  in  Bethel  township,  was  also  one  of  the  early 
converts  to  a  more  spiritual  life,  and  straightway  identified  himself  with  the 
revival  movement  inaugurated  by  Otterbein  and  Boehm,  but  he  never  form- 
ally connected  himself  with  the  churL-h,  so  far  as  I  know.  He  was  a  Meu- 
nouite,  it  is  said,  and  desired  Ids  daughter  Barbara,  a  charming  young  lady, 
to  marry  a  man  of  that  faitli;  but  she  decidedly  preferred  a  certain  Felix 
Light,  who  came  to  her  home  one  Sunday  morning  while  her  parents  were 
at  church  and  took  her  to  Anuville,  where  they  were  married.  The  trip 
was  made  on  horseback,  ^^liss  Barbara  riding  behind  Mr.  Light.  Soon  after 
this  Mr.  Sherk  led  his  son-iu-law,  Mr.  Felix  Light,  into  the  same  religious 
experience.  From  that  time  on,  they  were  close  friends  and  fully  committed 
to  the  cause  of  evangelical  religion. 

Felix  Light  lived  on  the  outskirts  of  Lebanon,  wliere  the  American  Iron 
and  Steel  "Works  are  now  located.  He  became  a  minister  of  the  GoS'pel  and 
one  of  the  most  able  and  faithful  representatives  that  Christianity  ever  had. 
In  his  physical  form  and  features  he  was  the  embodiment  of  strength  and 
beauty.  He  was  six  feet  and  three  inches  in  height  and  weighed  two  hun- 
dred and  forty  pounds.  Moreover,  his  fine  mental  and  spiritual  endow- 
ments increased  the  comeliness  of  his  personal  appearance,  especially  in  the 
pulpit,  where  the  force  of  his  fervor  and  the  charm  of  his  logic  was  a 
lifted-up  Christ,  in  whom  he  led  many  to  exercise  saving  faith.  When  he 
was  about  forty  years  ol<l  he  left  the  farm  in  the  hands  of  his  boys,  and 
gave  himself  almost  exclusively  to  the  work  of  an  evangelist,  preaching 
every  four  weeks  at  Lebanon,  Jonestown,  Kauffmau 's  and  Gingrich's,  and 
every  six  weeks  at  "Weiss',  Sherk 's,  Dinger's,  Kendig's  and  Strohm's,  in 
addition  to  which  he  had  many  special  engagements  and  preached  many 
funeral  sermons.  As  a  [lastor  lie  was  faithful  and  efHcieut — wonderfully 
gifted  and  enterprising — and  went  from  house  to  house  conversing  with  the 
people  concerning  their  spiritual  welfare,  relieving  the  wants  of  the  poor, 
sympathizing  with  the  aillicted,  and  thus  gave  counsel  and  comfort  to  all. 
Finally,  as  if  to  "cap  the  clinuix'"  of  that  great  and  good  man's  gratifica- 
tion of  heart  and  life,  and  to  multi[>ly  his  blessed  personality  among  the 
elders  of  Israel,  God  called  his  three  sons,  John,  Casper  and  Joseph  into  tlie 
ministry.  They  b(X;ame  lea<lers  of  religious  thought  and  feeling  in  tlie 
countv.  and  ;ils'i  extended  tlieir  labors  and  intluence  into  other  comnumities. 


328 


THE  FKXX.S YLl'J  MA  - G E UM  AX. 


Andtlior  person  of  rplijLrious  worth  and  inorfasinj"-  usefulness  in  the 
church  was  John  Light,  "tanner."  who  lived  in  Bethel  township.  When 
he  accepte<l  Christ  he  .liil  it  with  the  faith  of  the  heart;  and  from  that  day 
to  the  close  of  his  eventful  life  he  stood  for  all  that  is  essential  in  the 
Church  of  God,  and  remained  a  cons[iieuous  witness  to  the  saving  jtower  of 
the  gospel,  lamenting  tlie  fact  that  so  few  seemed  to  realize  its  value.  To 
"John  Light,  tanner,"  religion  was  a  diviui-  life,  a  glorious  reality,  an 
increasing  joy,  all  based  on  his  personal  knowledge  of  sin  forgiven.  More- 
over, he  lived  out  his  religions  profess'iou  and  convictions  in  his  daily  life, 
no  matter  how  costly  or  "peculiar"  his  course  might  be.  He  was  born  in 
1800,  the  very  year  in  which  the  United  Brethren  (.'hurch  was  organized, 
and  died  S7  years  later.  Ilis  renunns  lie  in  the  graveyanl  at  Wolfe's 
Meeting  House,  between  Frrdericksburg  and  ^It.  Zion.  As  to  his  influence, 
that  will  continue  to  speak  for  heart-felt,  experimental  religion — even 
throughout  the  boundles's  ages  of  eternity. 

The   "Weiss   appointment   was   estaldished   by    Frdix   Light,   who    first   held 


\  -.  ,11  ,.- 


--^"^ 


^        ■"  <!>\'i'   •'^  ■''    -  ■■V*'> 


'^;  \  j:-!  t  J : 


'5? 


hii.iaii;!<i.i.Aii 


TUI-:    WKIS.S    HOMK, 
One    of    tLe    tirst    I'uiteil    Brotkreii    preacliinv:    ulaofs — Imilt    1S20. 


services  in  a  frame  house  which  was  built  by  Mr.  Weiss  about  17V)9.  near 
Schaefferstown.  In  Is-^a  the  V)rick  strut;tare  which  still  stainls  was  built; 
and  when  the  fanuly  moveil  fr(nn  the  frame  house  into  tlie  new  brick 
dwelling,  a  religious  service  of  a  dedicatory  diaracter  was  lield  in  it  by 
United  Brethren  ministers.  It  was  conducted  by  Felix  Light  and  his  sons. 
For  more  than  fifty  years  the  Weiss  home  was  a  regular  preaching  place 
for  United  Brethren  ministers.  The  house  was  sulistantially  built,  and  the 
home  was  a  beautiful  one.  Here  IMr.  .John  Weiss,  son  of  the  builder,  lived 
and  reared  a  lovely  fanuly.  nmst  of  whom  VttH'anie  members  of  the  church 
and  devoted  Christians.  One  of  them  recently  said  to  the  writer:  "Those 
services  made  impre-^sioiis  on  my  child  niir  ^  and  heart  tliat  tlie  world  can 
neitlier  give   nor  take  away.     I   would    not  part   with   then\   for  anything  tlie 


INJTKJ)   HllKTllUKSISM    IX   FKXXSYIJ'AMA. 


329 


Wdrlnl  iiiii;lit  offer,  fur  they  have  Iieen  a  lielp  ami  a  conifort  to  me  ever 
since.  Ami  those  dear  people  ^vilo  eaiiie  to  the  services,  the  men  plainly 
clad  ami  the  women  in  calico  dresses  and  gingham  sun-bonnets,  I  shall 
meet  and  know  in  the  better  land.'' 

Another  faithful  and  influential  minister  in  the  United  Brethren  Church 
iu  Pennsylvania  was  George  A.  Mark,  Sr.,  who  was  born  on  the  sixth  day 
of  Xoveniber,  1790,  in  Lebanon  county,  lie  was  converted  when  he  was 
seventeen  years  of  age  and  joined  the  :\[ethodist  Episcopal  church;  but  in 
1840,  childly  for  the  reason  that  he  was  German  and  the  ^[t-tiiodist  services 
were  conducted  in  the  English  language  exxdusively.  he  Ijrouglit  his  creilen- 
tials  to  the  T'nitcd  Brethren  chundi  and  opened  his  home  for  regular  preach- 
ing. On  the  30th  of  January,  1S17,  he  was  married  to  Christiana  Runkle^ 
by  whom  he  had  six  children,  one  son.  Rev.  George  A.  Mark,  dr.,  and  tive 
daughters,  one  of  whom  married  Kev.  Samuel  Etter.     Mr.  Mark  is  said  to 


LKiHTS   MEKTING    IlDlSK, 
LebaiKin,    I'a.,     (1820). 

have  been  one  of  the  most  faitliful  and  spiritually  infiuential  men  that  God 
ever  raised  up  in  the  Lebanon  Valley;  a  man  whose  whole  life  was  an  open 
letter  of  love  and  loyalty  to  Jesus,  full  of  comfort  an.l  inspiration  to  those 
who  were  trying  to  live  the  life  of  thf  righteous,  and  especially  to  young 
Christians,  for  whose  continuani-e  in  wtdl-dding  he  manifested  great  con- 
cern. He  was  tiie  embodiment  of  charity,  and  for  that  reason  all  who  knew 
him  loved  him.  He  first  liv^'d  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Water  'W  orks,  but 
later  in  life  he  moved  to  Annville,  where  he  died  December  2i>,  IStis,  and  was 
buried   beside    his   wife. 

The  first  church  occupied  by  the  Ignited  Brethren  in  Lebanon  county  was 
built  through  the  influence  of  Felix  Light,  and  largely  at  his  expense,  about 
1810.  It  was  a  brick  structur(\  40  by  (30  feet,  and  stood  on  a  triangular 
piece  of  ground  ju^t  iiurth  of  tlic  old  Pitirgrov.>  road,  at  the  intersection 
of  Seventh  and  Lehman  streets,  l.cb.iitnii.     Ir  was  a  union  churcdi,  largely  in 


530 


THE  FKNN^iYL I 'AMA-irEi:MAN. 


the  iiitoiest  of  the  Mt nnouitos,  ami  was  callcl  "liight's  ^Meeting  House." 
The  deed  uas  maue  mi  the  ilOth  of  May,  isll,  and  was  recorded  two  yeais 
later.     The  trustees  were  Felix  Light,  Martin  Light  and  Abraham  Light. 

In  IS'29  one  of  the  trustees  invited  Rev.  .John  Seibert,  the  first  bishop  of 
the  Evangelical  Association,  to  preach  in  Light's  Meeting  House,  because 
he  thought  our  peoide  were  a  little  too  quiet  ami  "  unspiritual. "  Rev. 
Seibert  preached  in  the  "demonstration  of  the  Spirit  and  of  power,"  but 
not  to  the  satisfaction  of  a  few  United  Hretliren  and  Meunonites,  who  said 
that  the  shouting  and  jumping  evoked  by  such  preaching  -was  an  injury  to 
the  meeting  house  an,l  must  be  stopped.  But  Rt'V.  Seibert  thought  differ- 
ently. He  said  he  could  not  see  how  a  brick  church,  standing  on  a  lime- 
stone foundation,  could  be  injured  by  a  little  jumping,  but  thought  it  might 
be  detrimental  to  the  frozen  feelings  and  formal  religion  of  those  who  wor- 
shiped in  that  house. 


SIIKRK'S    MEETING    HOU.SE, 
la  East  Haii'ivtT  IN.iwnship   |.1S20,I. 

The  next  oldest  I'uited  Bretlireu  church  was  erected  in  Annville  in  1823. 
Then  there  was  preaching  in  Lebanon  and  Annville  every  four  weeks  by 
the  pastor  of  Lanca-rter  Circuit,  which  included  appointments  in  Lancaster, 
Lebanon,  Berks  and  Dauphin  counties. 

In  1825  the  Mennonites  built  "  Sherk  "s  :\reeting  House,"  in  East  Han- 
over township,  but  the  United  Brethren  had  no  interest  in  that  church, 
though  they  worshiped  in  the  neighborhood  long  before  it  was  built;  but  in 
1833,  when  the  Mennouite  pastor  died  and  his  people  bcx^ame  few  and  ceased 
to  hold  service^  there.  Rev.  .Jacob  Erb,  who  baptized  Rev.  John  Wiuebrenner, 
the   founder  of  tlie  Church   of  Ood,  was  granted  the  use  of  the  house  for 


iKirnD  1!i;eiiii:i;xi.<'M  ,s  /7;\.vm /,|-.i.v;.i.  ::u 

ana  Mite,  Henry  Miller  and  wife.  Ja.ob  Sherk  -in-l  wif.  TT  ;"'^'-^. -'\^"'^-^" 
wife,  Jacob  Miller  and  wife,  Jacob  Alb.-rt  a  '^^^  I  hi  X  V'  J'  ';" 
.aeob  Harper  a.,  wife,  Oeor.e  B.nber.er  a.l  "feta  l>:;i^'t\-- r^:; 
.T/eJ..  i;     r"f"  •'""'   ^'''''  '^''  ^^-'^^ouites  abandoned   reoular  ser- 

^?e^vZ"''  ''n'r^  t'^"^^-"  '^'  ^^  ^^^  ^^  ^'-  General  AssL^;.- 
ot  Penns>l  ama,  was  sold  by  Jacob  Sherk  to  Jacob  Albert.  George  Bom- 
gardner  and  Henry  Xeidig,  trustees  of  the  United  Brethren  i;  Chri^s^  ' 

In  1S42  Brightbill-s  church  was  built.     It  is  located  se^eral  miles  south 
sold  It  to  Mr.  Bnlsbaugh.     It  as  a  substantial  stone  structure,  one  story  and 


^^i^<ai^g5^4t^Ji^;2^^^^^ 


'■BKECriTI'.II.r/.s   MRATL'X   KOr.SE,- 
Built    in    1S42 

a  basement,  and  very  beautifully  sUuated.  On  the  4th  of  March.  1S47  the 
^lhS""ri"V^  '''  '"'''''  ^--^-'--^  '--Terence  was  held  .n 
Graf'     worl      '"t  •  "''    "'"'■■■•    "'^^^    ^^^"    '■^^-•'-    ^^ote    '«Nei..e 

■:;  i:,  "  !  and  music,  presiding.  About  thi.s  time  churches  were  built 
at  S  haefterstown,  Kauffman 's  and  the  Water  Works.     At  the  latter  place 

Michaei%  r  'h  f  "  '''''  ''^^°'^"-'  "^^^  ^^"''^  '^y  ^^^^-'^  Keilman  an,l 
a;e  of  S7  ,t:::  '"  ''''''  ''''''-'  ''  '''  ^^"  ^^^-'  -'-  ^^"^  !'-•  at  the 

In  1844  a  one-story  stone  church  was  built  on  Cherrv  street  in  Mvers- 
to.-n,  ,vhere  occasional  services  had  be...  previously  hold  under  Un.ted 
Brethren  xnfluencs   n,  private  hous...     In   1^4:2.  Rev.  Samuel  Enterline  was 


332 


THE  PEN'S SYL VAS I A-(,EUM AS 


apjioiiittd  to  LfbaiMU  ('iiciiit,  wliirli  tlu'ii  ineliuled  ^^iiikitig  Springs,  Schaef- 
ferstown,  Fredericksburg,  Myerstuwii  ami  other  points.  After  several  iiu- 
successt'ul  etYorts  to  secure  a  preaching  placi'  in  .XFyerstown,  Kev.  Enterline, 
in  the  spring  of  1S43,  preaeheil  a  sermon  in  the  center  of  tlie  town,  and  at 
tho  close  of  the  service,  ^Ix.  John  Daniels,  who  was  soniev.hat  un.jer  the  in- 
fluence of  strong  drink,  invited  the  pastor  to  preach  at  his  luune  the  next 
time,  assuring  him  of  an  abundant  welcome.  "Perhaps,''  sai'l  riie  preacher, 
"when  you  cool  off  yon  will  not  keep  your  promise."  But  the  tijisy  man 
said  he  would  keep  his  word  ;  so  an  ap[i(iinrnient  was  made  feir  the  L'otii  of 
Ajiril,  1S43,  when  Ilev.  ^fr.  Enterline  spoke  to  a  "crowded  house''  and 
stayed  for  the  night  with  .Mr.  Daniel  Meyers.  During  the  night  the  [ireacher 
was  sent  for  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Meyers,  whom  he  found  in  a  state  of 
deep  distress  on  account  nf  their  sins,  pleading  fur  mercy  at  the  throne  of 


■<( 


^4^-^ 


!?uccess..r    to    Lliiijfs    .MecliiiK    Il'ms^e,    built    1S40. 


grace.  Bef(jre  morning  both  were  happily  converted  and  became  the  first 
fruits  of  Mr.  Enterline 's  ministry  in  !Myerstown.  At  their  request  a  three- 
weeks  '  meeting  was  held  at  their  home,  and  tho  result  was  the  conversion  of 
thirty  souls,  including  the  tipsy  man  who  had  invited  the  tirst  appointment, 
and  his  wife,  ^Fr.  and  Mrs.  John  Daniels.  On  the  'Jtith  of  October,  1S43,  a 
class  of  thirteen  members  was  organized,  as  follows:  John  Myers,  8arah 
Meyers.  Daniel  Meyers,  Catharine  ^Teyers,  Jonas  Eckert,  Xancy  Eckert, 
John  Daniels,  Anna  Mary  Daniels.  Susan  B.  Meyers,  Nicholas  Eckert, 
Daniel  Meyers-,  ,Tr.,  <'atharine  Ganiber  au'l  Catharine  Eckert.  The  organ- 
ization of  this  'dass  le.l  to  the  erecti'.ui  of  tiie  stone  (dmrch  alreadv  referred 


UNITED  Bl'ETIlL-EMSM  IN   EENNSYLrANIA. 


.3:?3 


to;    anj   in    ]s7n  tlio  present    substantial   briek    structure   wan   ereeted  at   a 
cost  of  .•f^.CH.10. 

In  ISJo.  uniler  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  Christian  Sniitli  Kreider,  grand- 
son of  Eev.  Martin  Kreiiler,  tlie  co-laborer  of  I'.uehin  and  Otrerbein,  a  new 
stone  dunch  uas  erected  under  the  auspices  of  tlie  I'uited  Hretliren  on  the 
southeast  corner  of  Ninth  and  Cluirch  streets.  Lebanon,  l)y  tlie  congregation 


,X        Mil      y«t       3£.        ,?^  '!     XA   ' 


™\  y  IT';  ;  ^ 


^  1 


--J  -    _~    X.. 


TIMNITl-   r.MTi;!)    BUKTHRKN    ClinUII    AM>    r.vnSoNAGE. 
LebiaioM,   I'a.,    tlSti"). 


•which  had  worshiped  for  many  years  in  Light's  ^Meeting  House  on  Seventh 
street,  which  now  took  the  name  of  ''Salem  United  Brethren  Church."  So 
far  as  the  d^'nomination  is  concerned.  "Salem"  congregation  is  the  mother 

church  of  Lebanon  county,  and  is  pr(d)ably  the  third  or  fourth  that  was 
establi-^h.d   in   the   State,   "Neidig's"   Meeting   House  at   Ub.'rlin,    Pauphiu 


334  THE  rKXNSYLJ'AMA-GEHMAy. 

county,  being  the  tir<t — 179.").  Salem  oliuveh  lias  iiirluiled  in  lier  membership 
many  persons  of .  prumineneo  in  the  business  and  religious  affairs  of  the 
comniuuity,  among  whom  were  Casper  Light,  Abraham  Sherk,  William  Light, 
Abraham  Miller.  Felix  H.  Light,  John  Kochcnderfer,  Jacob  Light,  William 
Hornafius,  Jose]ili  Zimmerman  and  Gideon  Light,  the  three  first  mentioned 
being  the  board  of  trustees  when  the  stone  ehurch  was  erected  in  1'54.5,  and 
fo  whom  the  site  was  deeded  by  Miehael  and  Elizabeth  Iloag,  on  the  17th 
of  Septemlier,  lS4.i,  for  $-_'00.  But  the  growing  needs  of  the  congregation 
required  the  erection  of  a  larger  and  more  modern  house  of  worship;  so, 
in  1S91,  under  the  directing  hand  of  Rev.  H.  S.  Gabel,  the  present  edifice 
was  built  at  a  cost  of  .$15,000.  "Old  Salem"  is  large  and  influential,  num- 
bering about  six  hundred  members,  with  Kev.   I.  H.  Albright  as  pastor. 

In  ISGtj  a  new  demand  was  made  upon  the  United  Brethren  church  in 
Lebanon,  and  tliat  was  a  matter  of  language.  Vp  to  this  time  the  services 
in  Salem  chureh  were  cou'lucteil  almost  exclusively  in  the  German  language, 
while  many  of  her  young  people  were  demanding  English  preaching,  for 
lack  of  which  some  had  gone  to  other  churches.  Just  then  the  annual  con- 
ference, which  met  in  Columbia,  appointed  Rev.  G.  W.  M.  Rigor  to  co- 
operate with  the  Salem  church  in  the  eFifablishment  of  an  English  United 
Brethren  church  in  Lebanon.  So.  with  a  membership  of  fifty-nine  from  Old 
Salem,  including  J.  M.  Gettle,  J.  B.  Kauch.  Felix  H.  Light.  Abraham  Sherk 
and  Dailiel  "Weaver,  who  were  the  first  board  of  trustees,  the  hit  on  the  north- 
east corner  of  Xinth  and  Willow  streets-  was  purchased  for  $.3.2.j0  ;  and 
in  July,  ]Sn7.  the  corner  stone  of  Trinity  United  Brethren  church 
was  laid  by  Rev.  W.  S.  H.  Keys.  In  the  spring  of  1S6S  the  lecture  and 
class  rooms  of  the  chureh  were  furnished,  and  formally  dedicated  by  Bishop 
J.  J.  Glossbrennpr ;  and  on  the  23d  day  of  May.  1S69.  during  the  session  of 
the  General  Conference,  which  met  in  Salem  church.  Bishop  J.  "Weaver, 
preached  the  dedicatory  sermon  in  the  auditorium.  The  next  Sunday,  .May 
30,  1S69,  the  balance  needed  to  pay  off  the  debt  (.^S.OOO)  was  secured,  and 
Trinity  church  was  solemnly  dedicated  to  the  worship  of  Almighty  God. 

In  1900  the  church  and  parsonage  were  remodeled,  pavement,  curb  and 
gutter  laid  at  an  expense  of  ^.j.-lOO;  and  one  year  ago  (1902)  the  congrega- 
tion paid  off  a  debt  of  ■•fS.-^OO  and  contributed  $3,000  for  the  purchase  and 
placing  of  a  pipe  organ.  The  value  of  the  chureh  and  parsonage  is  $40,000. 
The  following  pastors  served  the  congregation:  1S(36-1S70.  G.  W.  M.  Rigor; 
1S70-1S74.  W.  S.  IL  Keys,  D.D. ;  1S74-1S7G.  D.  Eberly,  D.D.:  lS7tMS7^,  L. 
Peters;  lS7S-l^vi,  j.  T.  Schaeffer;  1SS1-1SS.>.  M.  P.  Doyle:  ISs.l-lS.sO,  J. 
W.  Etter.  D.D.;  l'^^0-l><94.  C.  J.  Kephart,  D.D.;  ls94-lS9.5.  Z.  A.  Weidler 
and  R.  Rock.  D.D.;  1S9.3-1S90,  G.  W.  M.  Rigor  and  R.  Rock.  D.D.;  1S90- 
1903,  C.  I.  B.  Brane. 

In  1SG(5  the  East  Pennsylvania  Conference,  whose  territory  included 
Lebanon  county,  together  with  other  co-operating  conferences,  established 
Lebanon  Valley  College,  at  Annville.  At  that  time  the  church  bought  the 
Annville  Academy,  \\hich  was  founcled  as  a  firivate  school  in  1n34.  It  was 
turned  over  to  the  I'nited  Brethren  in  Christ,  and  from  that  day  to  this 
has  been  successfully  operated  as  a  Christian  college.     The  first  faculty  con- 


UNITED  BEETHLEMSM   IX  J'EXXSYLrAXlA.  335 

sisted  of  Thomas  K.  Yickioy,  Vli.T).,  John  Kiumbein,  E.  Bonj.  Biernian, 
A.M.,  Pb.l>.,  iLiss  Ellen  L.  Walker,  ami  Miss  Lizzie  ^r.  Eigler. 

There  is  an  interestinfi  scrap  of  bis'tory  in  the  fact  tiiat  Annville  Acad- 
emy, instead  of  becoming  the  nucleus  of  an  educational  plant  under  the 
auspices  of  the  United  Brethren  in  Christ,  came  within  an  inch  of  develop- 
ing into  the  institution  of  learning  tliat  \\as  subsequently  founded  at  AUeu- 
to^vn  and  called  ^Tublenberg  College,  and  -which  is  now  successfully  operated 
by  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  whose  ministers  and  members  asso- 
ciated with  those  of  the  Reformed  Church,  ]iioneered  the  cause  of  Chris- 
tian education  in  Lebanon  county.  The  matter  of  locating  a  Lutheran  Col- 
lege at  Annville  was  talked  of  in  a  private  way,  some  of  the  main  men  in 
the  academy  movement  being  members  of  that  church. 

In  the  city  and  county  of  Lebanon  the  cause  of  Christ  and  the  L'nited 
Brethren  Church  have  greatly  blessed  by  the  lives  and  labors  of  such  men 
as  Moses  Heilman,  Tobias*  Kreider,  William  Ilornatius,  .Toseph  Suavely, 
Abraham  Herr,  Elins  Dundorc,  Mii-hael  l^rcider,  Daniel  Kreider.  Samuel 
Weiss,  John  Weiss,  Cyrus  Mutch,  Peter  Zimmerinan,  Clir'.stian  Groh,  Joseph 
Ellenberger,  Henry  Oingrich,  John  Eunk.  .Tdlm  Pliillips,  John  Light,  Samuel 
Schaeffer,  Rudolph  Sherk.  Samuel  Bowman.  William  Rupp,  Joseph  Moyer, 
John  L.  Meyers,  John  Slierk,  Henry  Light,  Henry  Blouch,  Michael  Seltzer, 
Daniel  Light,  Samuel  Etter.  George  A.  Mark,  Sr..  George  A.  Mark,  Jr..  Jo- 
sejih  Light,  John  II.  Kinpr-rts.  Joseph  K.  Euston,  John  B.  Rauch,  S'mon 
XoU,  Michael  Blocker,  Michael  Haak,  Jonas  Knoll.  Job  Light,  Eelix  H. 
Liglit,  Josei)h  Young,  .John  Spangler,  William  Wolf,  George  Zeller,  David 
Moyer,  S.  S.  Horst,  Joseph  H.  Light.  Henry  Clelbach,  Rudolph  Kreider. 

Among  the  pioneer  ministfrs  and  members  of  the  L'nited  Brethren  there 
were  no  literary  lights,  and  but  one  distinguished  theologian;  but  they  were 
men  of  intelligence  and  integrity,  full  of  faith  and  the  Holy  Ghost,  apt  to 
teach  and  anxious  to  save  souls,  the  crowned  princes  of  God.  They  found 
the  fields  white  already  to  harvest,  and  when  tnucli  precious  grain  had  been 
gathered,  they  put  the  outstanding  sheaves  and  shuL-ks,  by  which  I  mean 
individual  Christians  and  congregations,  of  which  there  were  many,  within 
the  sheltcf  of  a  visibly  organized  church.  After  all,  human  history  is  a 
divine  story.  God's  hand  and  heart  appear  on  every  page,  no  matter  what 
the  writer,  who  is  always  the  maker  of  history,  strives  to  be,  or  not  to  be; 
to  do,  or  to  leave  undone.  Our  heavenly  Father  guides  the  good  and  over- 
rules the  bad,  and  thus  makt-s  up  the  record.  I  recognize  His  hand  in  the 
origin  and  organization  of  our  Church;  in  the  prest-rvation  and  develop- 
ment of  her  spirituality;  in  the  evolution  and  multiplication  of  the  pure 
and  happy  lives  which  constitute  her  membership,  and  in  the  hopeful  outlook 
with  which  we  are  permitted  to  enter  upon  the  second  century  of  our  life 
and  labor. 

Moreover,  instead  of  being  a  split  or  srpdinter  from  some  other  church, 
riven  and  wrested  from  its  rightful  relations  by  internal  strife  and  con- 
tention, as  has  been  the  case  in  too  many  instances,  the  Church  of  the 
United  Brethren  in  <  hrist  rame  firth  like  her  Master,  in  the  spirit  of  sav- 
ing love,  auil  even  ''as  a  root  out  of  a  <iry  ground,  without  form  and  come- 


336 


THE  PKNNSY  LV  A.\  I A  (U:l!M  A^ . 


linoss, "  Sit  liarn-n  si-eincil  the  soil  and  utterly  nn[irniiiisinp;  the  civi.-uin- 
staiices  of  Iht  oi-ii;in  and  nr^'anization.  Hut  secretly  and  silently  she  j^rew 
from  that  in\isil)lf  stock  whence  all  true  heliesers  get  their  sjiiritual  life 
and  pouer,  and  are  thendiv  placed  in  the  line  of  promotion,  not  to  worldly 
fame  and  honor,  Imt  to  eternal  life  ami  glory.  Throughout  the  borders  of 
this  Commonwealth,  along  the  high  ridges  and  wide  ranges  of  the  Alle- 
gheny Mountains,  from  Lancaster  to  the  lakes,  her  faithful  evangelists 
searched  out  the  hidden  places  of  sjiiritunl  need,  that  they  might  Ijreak  the 
bread  of  life  to  the  perishing,  ■svhich  they  did  in  nmny  towns  and  com- 
nninities  \vhere  the  I'nited  Brethren  ('hurdi  is  not  now  estaldished.  But 
their  long  rides  and  abumlant  labrus  and  gracii'us  services  are  o\er  now, 
and  to  eaidi  and  all  the  ^Master  has  said,  "Well  done."  Life  is  the  ilay  to 
toil,  death  is  the  night  for  repose:  life  is  the  dusty  march  and  stormy  battle, 
death  is  the  warrior's  welcome  home.  "Jesus,  Jesus,''  said  the  dying  Ot- 
terbein,  "I  die,  but  thou  livest,  and  soon  1  shall  live  with  thee.  The  con- 
flict is  over  and  past.  I  begin  to  feel  an  unspeakable  fulness  of  love  and 
peace  di\ine.  Lay  my  head  upon  my  pillow  and  be  still.'"  With  those 
sweet  words  he  fell  asloep.  Peace  to  his  ashes!  Blessed  lie  his  memory! 
Thank  God  and  the  ('hiirch  for  su(di  men! 


BOOK 

NOTICES 

Camp  Pottsgrove. 
Sept,  JSth.to  2Gth.  17 


Mr.  Benjamin  Bertolet,  of  Philadelphia,  is  the 
author  of  a  very  interesting  historical  pamphlet 
with  this  title.  It  idaims  to  be  a  new  revelation 
on  the  RevolutiiMjary  Camp  at  Pottsgro\e,  in  New  Hanover,  Montgomery 
-county  }'a.,  where  at  Fagleyvillc  (ieneral  Washington  and  his  army  en- 
camjted.  The  record  is  clear,  the  argument  conclusive  and  tlie  whole  ac- 
count beautifully  dished  up  in  the  best  of  the  printer's  art,  embellished  with 
several  fine  illustrations.  This  is  the  character  of  local  history  that  this 
periodical  s'tinudates  and  highly  commends. 


For  l.-uk  of  space  must  deter  to  next  issue,  notices  of  I>r.  Zie^ler's 
"History  of  Dnnciral  Pre-liyierian  ('hurch"  and  several  orlier  pamphlets  re- 
ceived. For  same  reason  the  --ne  Loni;-  l-'amily  llistor,\"  was  crowded  out, 
M'hieh  will  api>e:ir  in  our  next. 


We  have  recenrly  enjoyed  an  extended  trip  to  Baltiumre.  Norfolk.  Old 
I'oint  Comfort.  Hampton.  .Newport  News  ami  Itiehmond.  \,\.  We  nniy  have 
time  and  space  to  ;:i\e  a  fuller  account  in  a  later  issue,  ^^'e  allude  to  it 
here  simply  to  say  that  we  found  the  ubiquitous  I'ennsylvaula  "Hutehman" 
also  in  this  region,  meetins  on  the  beautiful  Pocahontas,  the  palatial  day- 
bo.-it  plyin,:;  the  historic  James  Ivi\er  between  Norfolk  and  Kiihinoud,  a  mem- 
ber of  a  Lehiiih  and  Carhmi  County,  Pa..  Iund>er  firm,  ^vho  are  sawing  up 
a  lanre  timber  trait  in  the  luduhbiu-iniud  nf  Clarenmnt.  \'a..  on  the  James. 
^^■e  ai^o  wish  tei  dir-ct  traNelers  in  this  re'.;i,,a  to  tiie  exi-elient  line  of  the 
Vir^iinia  Naviuatiou   Cnuipany. 


>'/■ 

\Af^V'- ■■■•'■'  - 


I/? 


S.  1/  >(■»* 


<5^ 


ffJr^i''  '%^  i'      fe'   i"    fei(>^l*J'    I 


s* 


Vol.  IV.        OCTOBER,  1903.      No.  4. 


CONTENTS. 


F20XTI5PIECE. 
EDnOIUAI.    .  .  . 


••J 

c:S\  ■'     ■    ■•'J 


;   ■<    ■•  •'    .         '■-* 

,-."     ,';      1,-,    ;..,-* 


VXl,  33S:  319,  3u0        f   ^  ^-'C-i 


Famous  P£xxsTi.VA^-ii.-GEKMA>'S. 

Barbara   Fritchie    330-S  50 

Poetic  Gems S51o54 

D;o  Araschel. 

Tl'-?  NorthwesrC'T-D  Paeneerfest  Prize  Poern. 

D'.;t  Ferlohra  Ehsel. 

IlTSrORICAL   PiLGKIMAGES    3^)0-374 

York  to  Harpers  Ftiry 
(Jexb;aI.'x:ical   , 3T5-.']o-< 

The  DcLonir  Family  in  Aiuf-rioa. 
BcKiK  Noticed i5S4 


rv^<,>y  •  t.^i 


;:v^:^.,.'^,^^ 


K"  :i^r^:' 


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ms'^'^     -ifH?!'  !W  "•  :s 


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K 


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V  '*,>•*'■ 


I        ■     ■  V      /    i 

I  .  ■   \  /    i 


;>^ 


y 


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^  \m 


;^ 


Ar^      .-.r 


i^        fl*        W''^-''^'J"^^''^-'%^     .=^ 


^  i 


:.r-^#*: 


Jiif^^^s^'fei^'^^^i^* 


-\ 


^-^4=0= 


V. 


..THE. 


Pennsylvania- German 


REV.    r.    C.    CKOLL.    A.M. 

KJilor  an.l  Publisher 


EDAr4RB    K      CKOLI. 

Busiuess  MaiiaitT 


Terms:  fl.i")  fitr  i/rar  in  culvance;  fl  'J'  (ifle.v  three  nionfhs 


Vol.  IV  LEBANON,    PA.,  OCTOBER,    1903.  No.  4 


[KiiiHr.-l  .-It  the  P.i-t-Tfi.-e  at  I,..-I,:iij.iii.  Pa.,  :i-  .-cu  l-.-li^s  niatn-r] 


SUMMERING. 

n  N  ]^rAXY  countries  people  and  wild  animals  annually  hiber- 
nate. Armies  go  into  winter  quarters  and  all  cold-blooded 
animals  lie  dormant  in  their  burrows  and  caves  feeding  upon 

their  own  fat. 

In  our  portion  of  America  the  hard  toil  of  brain-workers 
is  done  in  the  cooler  months  of  the  year,  and  only  the  tillers  of  the 
soil  do  their  chief  work  in  the  summer  months.  The  professional 
classes  and  business  men  generally  take  it  easier  when  the  ther- 
mometer pushes  the  mercury  into  the  nineties,  and  wherever  pos- 
sible hie  away  froni  the  heat  and  dust  and  smoke  and  noise  of 
city  life  to  pitch  their  tents  by  the  seashore  or  on  some  lofty,  cool- 
ing hillside.  They  go  into  summer  quarters.  Thus  it  happens 
that  every  railroad  company  amuially  issues  its  summer  excur- 
sion book — giving  a  long  list  of  cool  and  attractive  resorts  with 
points  of  interest  and  reduced  rates  of  fare.  And  thus  it  comes 
that  hordes  of  overworked,  nervous  and  exhausted  brain-workers 
and  easy-going  pleasure-seekers  are  on  the  wing  in  all  portions 
of  America — on  their  way  to  some  retreat  from  the  hardships  of 
routine  work  or  the  discomforts  of  crowded  city  life.  The  army 
of  American  summer  excursionists  has  been  on  the  increase  from 
year  to  year  until  now  its  numbers  have  passed  from  the  liundreds 
of  thousands  into  the  millions.  A  few  of  the  most  popular  seaside 
resorts  alone  number  their  patrons  by  the  million  each  season. 
And  with  a  myriad  of  suitable  and  available  rest  resorts  advortis- 

337 


33S  THE  Pi:\  \sy  fA  \.\  I  A(;  i:  hwr  A  x. 

ing;  f(^r  the  trade,  our  suninier  excui'sionists  cro^s  each  other's 
patlis  so  that  were  all  their  routes  outlined  in  colored  drawini^s  on 
the  map  of  our  great  country  the  picture  presented  would  outrival 
the  worst  Gordian  knot  or  lahyrintliian  ])uzzle-^'an"'e  ever  seen. 

It  would  be  interesting'  to  tind  the  lines  that  would  mark  ones 
own  course  in  such  a  labyrinth.  Xot  taking  much  account  of 
"what  course  others  may  take,"  in  Patrick  Henry  style,  our  own 
usually  lies  clear  on  the  map  as  it  docs  in  tb.e  mind.  It  is  exceed- 
ing!}' pleasant  to  recall  such  a  course  after  one  gets  back  to  v.ork 
and  the  spell  of  sumn'ier  recreation  or  dissipation,  as  the  case 
may  be,  is  over.  Here  is  where  the  greatest  b'enefits  of  a  sum- 
mer vacation  may  come  in — the  drawing  on  the  stored-up  knowl- 
edge, energ}',  experience  or  recreation  gained  by  recollection  and 
reflection  in  moments  of  coming  leisure. 

It  may  not  greatl}'  interest  our  readers  to  know  the  foot  prints 
the  editi^r  has  left  in  the  sands  of  time  during  the  sunmier  months, 
but  for  him  it  is  pleasant  to  recall.  lie  will  never  forget  his 
pleasant  steamboat  rides  on  the  Chesapeake  l*.a\",  the  James  ami 
York  Rivers,  the  glimpse  of  old  oceaii  on  the  X'irginia  beach  or 
the  bloom  of  the  magnolia  and  the  hundreds  of  shining  picaninnv 
faces  that  he  saw  reflected  in  the  sunny  atmosphere  of  the  Old 
Dominican.  He  tramped  with  the  Arm}-  of  the  Potomac  and 
fought  over  the  many  battles  about  RichuKjnd  under  McClellan 
and  Grant.  He  suffered  with  the  unfortunate  prisoners  in  Libbv 
and  on  Pelle  Isle,  and  was  a  refugee  with  the  fleeing  left  Davis. 
The  Givil  War  was  re-enacted  in  his  life  and  its  history  rewritten 
and  revised  on  the  tablets  of  his  memory.  And  how  can  the  rec- 
ords of  that  great  w  ar  ever  be  eft'acetl  ? 

But  there  stand  out  other  recreation  experiences.  Two  Sunday- 
school  picnics,  one  in  the  fairest  land  (  Fairland)  of  the  Lebanon 
A'^alle}',  the  other  among  the  green,  pine-clad  hills  of  Schu}lkill 
count}',  at  picturesque  Fdwuo.l,  to  furnish  food  for  hapin'  re- 
flection. A  family  reunion  (the  DeLong's )  in  an  ideal  park  on 
the  outskirts  of  old  Kutztown,  in  okl  Maxatawnv  township  of 
"Alt  Bercks"  count}' — the  place  of  our  birth,  on  an  ideal  summer 
day,  lias  [»ainted  a  mural  picture  on  the  walls  dI  our  memorv,  of 
a  family  group  of  four  hundred  kin  of  honored  blood  and  noble 
deeds,  scattered  from  Boston  to  the  Rocky  ]\Ioimtains,  that  will 
(C'oiitiimril   on   p.-iui'  ."10.) 


Famous  Pennsylvania-Germans 


BARBARA    FRITCHIE 

BY    THE    EDITOR. 

E  GI\'E  space  this  issue  to  place  in  the  gallery  of  Fa- 
mous Pennsylvania-Germans  ihe  story  of  a  woman's  life, 
whose  brave  and  patriotic  deed  has  shown  her  to  have 
been  great  and  deserving  of  this  niche,  and  whonr  the  lines  of 
Whittier  have  justly  made  renowned.  We  write  not  to  add  to 
her  fame.  That  has  already  spread,  wherever  the  story  of 
libcrtv's  fiercest  struggle  has  been  told,  or  the  sweet  songs  of  the 
gentle  poet  have  been  sung.  We  write  simply  to  say  that  this 
heroine  of  Wdiittier's  verses  was  a  Pennsylvania-German,  and 
to  give  a  few  data  of  her  life,  not  generally  known.  The  sketch 
will  likewise  subserve  the  purpose  of  contradicting  that  wretched 
tendency  among  certain  literary  tleclglings  who,  because  they  have 
not  themselves  seen  a  certain  performance  or  communed  with 
reputed  actors,  are  disposed  to  cast  doubt  upon  any  narration 
of  heroism,  by  calling  the  account  poetic  fancy  or  mythology. 
Thus  "dame  Barbara"  has  been  treated.  .V  number  of  times  more 
recently  have  we  met  the  assertion  that  "no  such  person  ever  lived 
in  Frederick,"'  and  that  the  enthusiastic  poet  drew  but  upon  his 
own  imagination  when  he  wove  those  beautiful  and  familiar 
verses,  descriptive  of  this  heroine. 

A   little   research,    however,   or   a   personal    pilgrimage   to    the 
historic  and  once  Rebel-invaded  town, 

"Green-walled  l.y  the  hills  of  :\[arylan(l, '' 
would  forever  dispel  doubt  and  enable  one  to  set  aside  the  bab- 
blings of  these  iconoclastic  scribblers.  Such  an  one  would  meet 
with  a  sufficient  number  of  old  citizens,  among  them  many  rela- 
tives of  the  old  dame,  to  form  a  cloud  of  witnesses  testifying  that 
the  essential  features  of  the  poet's  narrative  are  fact  and  not 
fancy.     Among  these  personal   friends  and  former  associates  of 

39 


340 


Tin:  VKXy^YlA  AMA-Gi:iniA  \. 


Dair.e  Barbara,  ,Mr.  Henry  Nixdortt  has  possibly  been  the  most 
zealous  of  all  in  liavino-  the  story  of  this  noble  woman's  life  lifted 
out  of  the  glamour  of  mere  poetic  glory,  on  the  one  hand,  and 
out  of  the  cloudland  of  mystic  fable  on  the  other,  into  the  environ- 
ment of  actual  everyday  life,  by  publishing  a  sketch  of  her  life. 
Upon  this  sketch  is  based  the  following  account  of  the  heroine. 
Barbara  Fritchie  was  the  third  child  of  Xicolas  and  Catharine 
Hauer,  who  were  residents  of  Lancaster,  Pa.,  during  the  period 
when  their  family  of  five  children  were  born.  The  old  German 
Reformed  church  records  of  that  city  still  hold  the  account  of 
Barbara's  baptism  h}-  the  pastor,  Rev.  William  Hendel,  Sr.,  show- 
ing that  she  was  born  December  t,c\,  1766.  and  that  her  baptism 
occurred  on  the  14th  day  of  the  same  month  and  year. 

Born  and  bred  in  the  exciting:  times  of  the  Revolutionary 
period,  it  could  not  be  otherwise  but  that  the  discussions  con- 
cerning the  odious  "stamp  act,"  taxation  without  representation, 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  the  long  and  fierce  Revolu- 
tionary war.  should  deeply  impress  her  childhood's  mind  with 
sentiments  of  patriotism. 

It  was  during  these  exciting  times  that  the  Hauer  family,  with 
other  Germans  from  Eastern  Pennsylvania,  migrated  to  and  set- 
tled in  the  tou-n  of  Frederick,  Md.— a  village  founded  about  a 
quarter  of  a  century  before  (1745)  and  named  in  honor  of  Fred- 
erick, then   Prince  of  Wales;   but   settled  almost  exclusivelv  by 
Germans.     Here  the  spirit  of  freedom  was  taught  the  voung  girl 
in  object  lessons  that  could  not  help  but  fan  the  flame  of  her  love 
of^  country  into  a  fire  of  most  patriotic  fervor.     For  it  was  from  , 
this  town,  as  soon  as  the  first  blows  of  resistance  of  tvranny  were 
struck  at  Lexington  and  Bunker  Hill,  that  two  companies  from 
Frederick-town   marched   to  the  succor  of  the  camp  at   Boston. 
Thus  it  came  that  our  heroine  had  instilled  in  her  the  value  of  our 
national  life  and  freedom,  and  it  is  said  that  she  oft  spoke  of  the 
trials,  sacrifices  and  events  of  Revolutionary  times.     No  wonder 
then  that  she  stood  like  "a  rock  in  defence  of  her  beloved  country's 
best  interests."  when   in  old  age  the  invasion  of  a  rebel   horde 
came  to  her  very  town  and  door  and  challenged  the  citizens  for 
an  expression  of  sentiment  in  behalf  either  of  loyalty  or  rebellion. 
At  a  somewhat  advanced  age,  and  the  senior  by  quite  a  num- 
ber   of   years.    Barabara    Hauer    was    married    to    Mv.    John    C. 


BAIiliARA   FlUTL'lIU:.  341 

Fritchic,  a  native  of  Frederick,  and  a  glove  manufacturer  by 
trade.  They  took  up  their  residence  in  a  small  one-and-a-half 
story  house  that  fronted  on  West  Patrick  street,  next  to  where 
the  Carroll  creek  is  crossed  b}-  the  street.  In  the  front  roon\  of 
this  house  he  carried  on  his  busitiess,  and  from  the  "attic  win- 
dow" of  this  humble  abode  is  said  to  have  been  tlung-  the  "silken 
scarf," 

"Ou  that  pleasant  nioru  of  the  early  Fall, 
"When    I.ee    marched    over    the    mountain-wall,'' 

to  show  that  "one  heart  was  loyal  yet."  And  here  after  the  heroic 
act  and  word  of  "dame  Barbara" 

"All   day  long  that  free  flag   tosst 
Over    the    heads    of    the    rebel    host. ' ' 

^Ir.  and  Mrs.  Fritchie  were  highly  esteemed  citizens  of  the 
growing  town.  They  led  humble  but  upright  lives,  being  consist- 
ent members  of  the  German  Reformed  church.  They  lived  to- 
gether in  peace  and  honor  and  by  their  industrious  and  frugal 
habits,  so  characteristic  of  the  German  race,  prospered  sufficiently 
in  business  to  enable  them  to  live  in  comfort  all  the  days  of  their 
married  life  and  give  her  a  support  during  the  thirteen  years  of 
her  widowhood.  He  died  November  loth,  1849.  Ihey  never  had 
any  children,  but  they  partly  raised  and  gave  a  home  to  a  rela- 
tive, 3vliss  Yoner. 

Quite  a  number  of  incidents  are  related  of  Dame  Barbara, 
which  her  admirers  may  be  glad  to  know.  Thus,  for  instance, 
being  considerably  older  than  her  husband,  she  was  already  a 
young  lady  when  he  was  born,  and  her  biographer  declares  oft 
hearing  his  mother  relate  that  she  was  present  at  a  quilting  party, 
with  ]\Iiss  Barbara  Hauer,  when  the  announcement  of  the  birth 
of  a  male  child  at  neighbor  Fritchie's  house  was  the  topic  of 
conversation,  in  which  ]\Iiss  Barbara  joined,  not  knowing  that 
she  was  talking  about  her  future  husband.  It  is  a  privilege  not 
often  granted  for  a  marriageable  lady  to  knit  baby-stockings  for 
her  future  husband. 

Another  incident,  not  so  strange  yet  somewhat  inconsistent 
with  the  lofty  spirit  of  freedom,  manifested  by  this  aged  woman, 
is  the  fact  that  for  a  munber  of  years  before  the  war  ]\Ir.  and 
Mrs.  I'ritchie  were  the  owners  of  two  slaves,  known  in  the  town 


342  THE  PEyySYLVAXIA-GEinfAN. 

as  "Fritchie's  Harry"  and  "Aunt  Nellie."  The  former  assisted 
his  master  in  the  skin  dressing  department  of  the  business,  while 
the  latter  assisted  her  mistress  in  her  household  duties.  It  is  said 
that  they  were  very  clever  slaves  and  were  treated,  while  in  bond- 
age, with  such  kindness  as  scarcely  to  feel  any  dil'lercnt  than  as 
adopted  children.  Such  was  their  love  for  their  ".Mnssa"  and 
"Missus,"  that  their  liberty  having  been  granted  •  them,  thev 
returned  to  the  old  home  as  children  seek  the  home  of  their 
parents.  Had  such  relationship  between  master  and  slave  existed 
everywhere  there  would  never  have  been  written  an  "Uncle 
Tom's  Cabin." 

A  similar  act  of  freedom  was  performed  by  that  other  patriotic 
native  of  Frederick,  Francis  Scott  Key,  the  noted  author  of  "The 
Star  Spangled  Bamier,"  (and  whose  dust  is  held  by  one  of  the 
town  cemeteries),  whose  ownership  of  a  slave  seemed  inconsist- 
ent with  his  love  of  freedom  and  countr}-. 

Mrs.  Fritchie  is  described  as  having  possessed,  in  early  vouth, 
many  personal  charms  and  accomplishments.  She  was  slight  in 
figure  (never  weighing  over  no  or  115  pounds)  and  scarcely 
of  medium  height.  Her  eyes  are  said  to  have  been  small  but 
penetrating  and  keen.  Her  hair  in  early  life  were  raven,  but  sil- 
vered with  approaching  age.  In  later  years  she  was  always  seen 
with  a  braid  or  cap  upon  her  head,  which  had  the  effect  of  mak- 
ing her  look  more  youthful.  She  dressed  very  plainly,  at  home 
commonly  in  Quaker  colored  calico,  when  at  church,  or  on  a  visit, 
in  black  cashmere  or  alpaca. 

She  was  a  great  home-body,  especially  during  the  years  of 
her  widowhood.  She  was  a  familiar  figure  at  her  cottage  window, 
engaged  either  in  sewing  or  knitting  or  else  in  reading.  Her 
home  bore  all  the  charms  of  a  thoughtful,  kind,  and  loving  queen, 
and  was  noted  for  holding  both  herself  and  her  husband  as  will- 
ing captives. 

Her  dom.estic  treasures  consisted  in  some  very  beautiful  china- 
ware  and  a  few  articles  of  jewelry.  These  are  now  in  the  pos- 
session of  her  relatives,  resident  in  Frederick.  Her  tea-pot  has 
the  additional  charm  of  having  been  used  at  the  "Tea"  given 
General  Washington  the  night  he  spent  in  Frederick,  in  1791, 
while  filling  his  first  term  of  the  Presidency,  when  Miss  Haner 
loaned  her  china  to  grace  the  table.     After  the  President's  death, 


B  Aim  Ah' A   I'h'ITCHlE.  'M:i 

a  sham  funeral  was  held  by  the  same  circle  of  young  ladies  and 
our  heroine  was  one  of  the  pall-hearers. 

Among  her  other  personal  traits  mentioned  were  her  love  of 
flowers  and  her  cheerfulness  and  mirth-loving  disposition  among 
the  young,  attracting  rather  than  repelling  them,  even  to  good 
old  age. 

She  is  said  to  have  been  especially  kind  to  the  poor,  who  fre- 
quented her  cottage  door  in  search  of  food  or  clothes,  and  who 
were  never  turned  away  empty-handed.  Though  not  blessed  with 
great  competence  herself,  she  yet  made  many  rich  with  her  kindly 
words  and  her  ministrations  of  love. 

Concerning  the  absolute  reliability  of  the  incident  that  gave 
Whittier  basis  for  his  famous  poem  we  prefer  to  let  Mrs. 
Fritchie's  biographer  speak.  That  she  was  in  every  sense  a  wo- 
man, from  whom  such  heroism  might  be  expected,  is  admitted  by 
all  who  knew  her,  and  that  a  similar  occurrence  took  place  is  an 
acknowledged  fact.  The  incident  was  reported  in  the  newspapers 
and  Mrs.  Emma  D.  E.  Southworth,  the  distinguished  authoress 
of  Washington.  D.  C,  communicated  the  facts  to  the  famous 
Quaker  singer  of  freedom  and  her  friends.     Says  Mr.  Xixdorff: 

"I  have  frequently  noticed  her  standing  with  her  country's  flag 
floating  gracefully  and  beautifully  from  tlie  same  window. 

'Tn  the  early  days  of  the  Rebellion,  when  one  disaster  after 
another  had  befallen  the  Union  army,  and  other  patriotic  hearts 
were  almost  overwhelmed  with  grief  and  beginning  to  despond; 
when  matters  looked  so  dark,  so  portentious,  she  stood  entirely 
unmoved,  displacing  the  greatest  composure  imaginable.  Her 
loyalty  to  the  country  of  her  birth  was  one  of  most  pronounced 
character.  She  never  suffered  that  countrv  to  be  spoken  of  in 
her  presence  in  a  disparaging  way,  without  at  once  and  in  a 
most  earnest  manner  resenting  it.  Yes.  those  small,  bright 
eyes  would  flash  with  excitement  and  indignation  and  her 
usual  calnmess.  change  to  that  of  resolution  and  strong  determin- 
ation, until  the  offensive  remark  was  recalled,  which  was  invari- 
ably done,  for  all  knew  that  she  meant  what  she  said  in  her  in- 
most soul.  She  realized  that  in  'Union  there  is  strength,'  and 
believed  in  it  with  her  whole  heart. 

"I  shall  never  forget  her  appearance  as  she  came  into  my  store 
in  the  earlier  part  of  the  war,  leaning  on  her  staff  and  saying  with 


344  Tin:  PIJWSYLVA  MAG/:  UMAX. 

the  greatest  earnestness,   'Do  not   for  a  moment   despair,   stand 
firm.' 

"Often  when  she  entered  the  store  she  would  ask,  'How  do 
matters  look  for  the  L'nion  side?'  Sometimes  1  had  just  heard 
good  news  of  a  cheering  character,  and  when  I  would  communi- 
cate it  to  her.  joy  was  manifested  in  the  most  fervent  maimer. 
Her  whole  frame  kindled  with  emotion  and  her  hright  eyes  S])ark- 
led  with  delight.  At  other  times  news  of  a  saddening  character 
had  heen  received,  and  when  I  tuade  it  known  to  her  I  felt  greatly 
depressed.  She  would  notice  it  at  once  and  remark.  'O,  do  not  be 
cast  down,  it  will  come  all  right.  T  know  it  will ;  the  Union  must 
be  preservetl :"  and  remark  with  the  greatest  eiuphasis,  "Be  as- 
sured that  God  takes  care  of  tlis  people,  and  He  will  take  care 
of  this  country.  I  feel  perfectly  satisfied  that  the  Union  of  the 
Stales  will  be  maintained.  I  am  sure  that  it  is  God's  will  that  the 
Union  shall  continue  and  }OU  know  that  nothing  can  stand 
against  it.' 

"^Irs.  Fritchie  was  not  robust,  but  decision  of  character  was 
seen  tiiroughout,  and  judging  from  her  eyes  and  mouth  she  surely 
was  not  to  be  tritled  with.  If  she  said,  'No!'  it  was  quite  plain 
that  she  was  settled  in  the  opinion  formed,  and  to  change  it  was 
no  easy  task,  for  when  formed  aright  it  was  formed  to  last. 

"On  Wednesday  morning,  September  loth,  1862,  the  Confed- 
erate army  began  to  move  out  of  Frederick  City. 

"General  Jackson's  corps  was  in  the  advance.  As  they  passed 
out  West  Patrick  street.  I  stood  at  the  front  of  my  dwelhng 
looking  at  regiment  after  regiment,  clad  in  grey  or  brown  uni- 
forms, as  they  marchecl  past  for  several  hours.  So  intent  was  I 
in  noticing  and  reflecting  on  this  lamentable  action  of  the  people 
against  the  best  government  on  earth  that  I  lost  sight  of  wdiat 
was  going  on  at  .Mrs.  Fritchie's,  although  her  residence  was  not 
a  square  distant  from  my  own.  But  this  I  do  believe,  that  if  the 
opportunity  was  presented  she  did  not  fail  to  improve  it,  for  I 
do  not  think  she  w  ould  have  taken  a  backward  step  though  con- 
fronted by  their  entire  army.  In  the  language  of  Mrs.  Abbot, 
'Aunt  Fritchie  was  fearless  and  very  patriotic'     A  single  incident 


BARBARA  F RITCHIE.  ■     345 

will  show  the  si)irit  aiiiniatiiig  her.  On  one  occasion  a  nuniher  of 
Confederate  soldiers  halted  and  sat  down  on  the  porch  in  front  of 
her  dwelling-,  and  were  drinking  water  hrought  from  the  spring 
near  hy.  1  o  this  she  had  not  the  least  ohjection,  hut  hefore  leav- 
ing thev  began  speaking  in  a  derogatory  manner  of  her  beloved 
country.  In  a  moment  she  arose  and  passing  to  the  front  door 
she  bade  them  clear  themselves  and  applied  the  'cane,'  with 
which  she  used  to  v\"alk,  in  the  most  vigorous  manner,  clearing 
the  porch  in  a  few  moments  of  every  man  upon  it.  I  am  inclined 
to  believe  from  inquiry  that  General  Jackson  on  the  day  the  Con- 
federates passed  through  Frederick,  did  not  pass  by  the  dwelling 
of  Mrs.  Fritchie.  It  appears  that  he  left  his  soldiers,  at  the  east 
end  of  the  city,  to  call  on  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  B.  Ross,  pastor  of 
the  Presb}'terian  church,  the  wife  of  whom  was  the  daughter  of 
Ex-Governor  McDowell,  of  \'irginia.  with  whom  he  was  well 
acquainted.-  It  being  early  in  the  morning  it  is  declared  that  he 
wrote  the  following  note,  and  slipped  it  under  the  front  door  at 
Dr.  Ross's  dwelling: 

"  'Rev.  John  B.  Ross  : 

'Regret  not  being  able  to  see  you  and  }vlrs.  Ross,  but  could  not 
expect  to  have  that  pleasure  at  so  unseasonable  an  hour. 

'T,  J.  Jackson.' 

"Dr.  Ross  resided  on  West  Second  street,  and  it  is  stated  that 
General  Jackson,  on  leaving  Dr.  Ross's  residence  rode  on  to  what 
is  known  as  Bentz  street,  commonly  called  'Mill  alley,'  which 
leads  out  into  Patrick  street  a  short  distance  beyond  or  on  tlie 
west  side  of  Mrs.  Fritchie's  residence.  I  measured  the  distance 
from  ']\Iill  alley'  to  her  dwelling  and  found  it  to  be  sixty-three 
yards.  Grant  that  it  was  not  General  Jackson,  might  it  not  have 
been  some  other  officer  in  command?  If  so.  it  would  not  change 
the  principle  involved.  I  have,  however,  no  personal  knowledge 
of  its  occurrence.  This  I  do  know  :  called  for  a  moment  from  my 
front  door  that  morning  to  see  a  friend,  I  happened  to  look  up  the 
"  street,  and  saw  a  very  intelligent  lady,  a  neighbor,  standing  on 
her  front  porch  with  a  small  L'nited  States  flag  in  her  hand  wav- 
ing it  and  making  apparently  the  most  earnest  remarks  to  a  Con- 
federate officer  who  had  ridden  his  horse  over  on  the  pavement 
up  to  the  porch  where  she  was  standing.     I  was  afterward  assured 


340  THE  pi:yx  SY  TAWy  I  AC  luni  AX. 

by  those  who  had  the  pleasure  of  being  present  that  such  glow- 
ing words  of  patriotism  fell  from  the  lips  of  Mrs.  Ouantrell  that 
the  officer  looked  on,  and  listened  with  wonder  and  surprise,  and 
whilst  he  was  present  would  not  allow  his  men  to  do  her  the 
least  harm.  After  his  de{)arture.  however,  some  of  the  soldiers 
belonging  to  the  army  came  and  knocked  the  flag  from  her  hand, 
breaking  the  staff  into  several  pieces. 

"If  this  occurred  at  ]\Irs.  Mary  Quantrell's  we  should  not  be 
astonished  at  anything  said  to  have  taken  place  at  any  other  point. 

"On  the  I2tl-i  of  September  General  ]\IcClellan's  army  entered 
Frederick  City.  The  advance  was  under  the  command  of  Gen- 
eral r.urnside.  As  they  moved  up  West  Patrick  street  on  the 
National  pike  leading  westward,  they  passed  I\Irs.  Fritchie's  resi- 
dence. She  was  standing  at  one  of  the  front  windows  of  her 
dwelling,  leaning  on  her  came.  Beside  her  stood  her  relative, 
Miss  Julia  Ilarishew,  now  }ilrs.  John  X.  Abbott,  and  Miss  Yoner. 
As  she  stood  by  the  window  she  waved  her  hand  time  and  again 
to  express  her  joy.  ]\Iiss  Yoner,  no  doubt  at  Mrs.  Fritchie's  re- 
quest, went  into  the  adjoining  room  and  brought  forth  ]\lrs. 
Fritchie's  flag.  The  old  lady  grasped  it  and  stood  at  the  window 
waving  it.  As  she  waved  her  flag  the  soldiers  were  perfectly 
delighted,  some  of  them  loudly  cheering  her,  others  ran  to  the  win- 
dow and  as  soon  as  they  got  near  enough  grasped  her  by  the  hand 
and  said,  'God  bless  you,  old  lady,  may  you  live  long,  you  dear  old 
soul.'  And  then  cheer  after  cheer  was  given  as  our  noble  sol- 
diers marched  along.  That  same  silk  flag  I  had  in  my  hands  only 
a  short  time  since.  Among  those  who  shook  hands  with  her 
that  day  was  the  beloved  and  valient  General  Reno." 

We  must,  therefore,  conclude  that,  if  in  all  particulars  the  in- 
cident, as  given  by  the  poet,  be  not  literally  true,  the  estimate  that 
the  poeni  puts  upon  ^^Irs.  Fritchie's  patriotism  and  valor  is  not 
to  be  discounted  by  a  single  whit.  Her  friends  and  relations 
about  her  have  not  had  occasion  to  believe  that  even  fancy  could 
easily  color  her  patriotic  fervor  in  too  rich  a  glow. 

If  no- Confederate  bullet  dared  touch  "a  hair  of  }'on  gray  head" 
on  that  day  of  heroism,  yet  the  sly  Archer  of  that  warfare  in  which 
there  is  no  discharge,  soon  thereafter  brought  down  that  form, 

"  Bo  .e'l  M'ith   four-score  vears  and   ten." 


BAR  BAN  A   FRIT  Villi: 


'iAl 


Mrs.  Fritchic,  liaving  enjoyed  almost  a  century  of  life  and  al- 
most uninterrupted  good  health,  died  after  a  very  brief  illness, 
December  i8,  1862.  Her  end  was  full  of  the  Christian's  peace 
and  hope.  A  few  days  later  her  remains  were  buried,  beside 
those  of  her  long"  slumbering'  husband,  in  the  German  Reformed 
cemetery  of  her  city.  Her  grave  is  marked  b}'  a  neat  marker  of 
marble,  bearing  the  following  inscription: 


Barbara  Fritchie 

Died  December  iSth,  1S62. 

Aged  96  years. 


Her  husband's  resting  place  is  similarly  marked,  and  an  iron 
fence  encloses  the  burial  lot. 

The  citizens  of  Frederick  have  not  forgotten  the  lessons  of 
patriotism  taught  them  by  their  own  illustrious  citizens,  whose 
treasured  remains  are  mingling  with  their  soil.  As  one  might 
expect,  so  the  visitor  will  fmd,  that  over  Barbara  Fritchie's  grave 
in  the  Reformed  Cemetery,  and  over  Francis  Score  Key's  grave, 
in  jMt.  Olivet  cemetery,  the  flag  which  the  former  so  devoutly 
loved  and  the  latter  so  beautifully  enshrined  in  song,  is  con- 
stantly waving. 

And  how  could  we  close  the  account  of  this  heroic  Pennsylva- 
nia-German dame,  "who  will  henceforth  live  in  literature  side 
by  side  with  Joan  of  Arc,"  in  a  more  fitting  manner  than  by  in- 
serting the  following  very  creditable  translation  of  Whittier's 
celebrated  lines  into  the  Pennsylvania-German  vernacular,  which 
was  first  read  by  its  author,  Lee  L.  Grumbine,  Esq.,  of  Lebanon, 
Pa.,  before  the  Pennsylvania-German  Society  at  its  annual  meet- 
ing in  1895?' 


BARBARA  FRITCHIE. 

Alls  greene  Feldtr,  niit  Friclite  reich, 
In  tier  Morge  Kueble,  im  ycheue  Deieh, 

Uminaurt  bed  greene  Hivvel  dort, 

Stebn  die  Kirche  tliunn  dor  Frederick  Stadt. 

Mit  Eppel  iiu'   Pershing  Felini  ringsruinkclirt, 
Ke '  Fand  ineh '  lieldieli  iii"  gonser  Erd ! 


MS  THE  l'i:\\SYLVA\IA  riERMAy. 

ITonlii-li   shtrecbt 's  vor  wio'n  Gottes  Garte, 
Zu  de  liuug'richo  Awga  der  Rebel  Soldate, 

Wie  seller  September  Merge,  free 
Mfircht  ivver  der  Berg  der  General  Lee — 

Ivver  der  Berg  die  Kebels  sin  kiimnie 

Mit  Geil  un'  Manu  die  Stadt  ei'genuniine. 

Meh  as  ferzig  Flags,  \vie  rot  he  Feohthahne, 
Ivverall  flatteru  die  Rebel  Faline 

Ini  !Morge  Wind;   die  Mittag's  Sonn, 
Die  selit  ke'  e'uziger  Union  Mann. 

Don  koninit  die  alt  Barbara  Fritebie  vor, 
Gebeicht  mit  ihr  achtzig  un'  zelin  Yohr; 

In  gonser  Stadt  herzhaftigslit  von  Alle, 
So  g'schwind  is  der  Union  Flag  get'alle 

Hat  sie  'u  Mieder   'nut',  in  ihr  Fenster  naus, 
'S  war  noeli  e '  treu  Herz  in  sellem  Hans. 

Die  Sthrose  ruf  kommt  der  Rebel  Sehritt, 
Der  Stonewall  Jackson,  am  head,  rent  nut. 

Umier  sei  'm  Hutranf  t,  wie  er  geht, 
Bliekt  links  un'  rechts;  der  alt  Flag  sebt. 

"Halt!"  die  sbtawige  ranks  stebn  sbtill; 
"Fire I  I  "  die  Bixe  maehe'  ihr  laut  Gel)rill. 

Es  brecbt  das  Fenster  zu  Shtiekere  nei ', 
Es  reiszt  der  Fahue  zu  Zottle  f  ei '. 

Scbnell  "Wie  er  fallt,  vom  Stoek  abbruch, 
Die  Barbara  greift  das  seidich  Duch. 

Sie  lahn  't  weit    'naus  ivver    's  Fenster  Schwell 
Un'  sehittelt  der  Fahne  hoeh  un '  scbnell. 

"Scbiess,  won  du  v,it,  der  alt  grau  Kop, 
Dei  land's  Flag  spabr!  "  un'  uf '  un'  ab 

Webt  sie  den  Flag.     "Wie'n  Scbatte  vor's  Licbt 
Die  Schamroeth'  ziegt  ivver  sei  Gesicbt. 

Ihr  That  un'  Worte  niache  ihm  Sehmerz, 
Sei  besserie  Nature  ercpiickt  ini  Herz. 

' '  Wer   'n  Haar   'uf  selni  weisse  Kop  verletzt 
Gebt  todt  wie'n  Itundl  "  bat's  g'be'se  yetzt. 


BARBARA    FRITCIIIE.  'M'd 

Dorch  Frederick  Slitrose,  dcr  ganse  Pag, 
SoKlate  Schritt  die  Obre  sehlag. 

Per  gons  I)ag  laug  dor  alt  Flag  schwebt, 
Von  Kebel  Haend  net  a  'geregt. 

Die  Shtrefe  flattern  hi'  un'  her 
Im  treue  Wind  der  liebt  sie  sehr, 

Sanft  Ovetlicht  slitrahlt  ivver  Berg 
E'n  liebes  Gruss  zu  Barbara's  AVerk. 

Ihr  "Werk  in  daare  Welt  verbei ; 
Un '  Eebel  Soldate  yetz  wieder  treu! 

Hoch  ehr  zu  der  Bevvy!      l"ni  ihr  Wille  ■neint, 
E'  Thraen  uf  s  Grab  ihr  Rebel  Feind. 

In  Friede  las?t  riihe  ihre  Shta'b; 
Freiheits  Fahne  'uf  ihrem  Grab. 

Frie<le,  Ordnung,  Gereohtigkeit 

Zeigt  um  die  Zeiche  d'?s  Land  's  Freiheit, 

Un'  inimer,  die  Liohter  aus  Hiniinel's  Ferne, 
Guekt  runner,  niit  Lieb,   'uf  die  Erdishe  Sterne! 

(Note. — The  reader  can  find  additional  data  on  Barbara  Fritchie  by  con- 
sulting The  Era,  of  December,  1901;  Atlantic  Monthly,  for  one  of  the 
fall  issues,  1902,  and  The  New  Voice,  of  July  8,   1899.  — Editor.) 


SUMMERING. 

Continued  from  page  33S. 


not  soon  fade.  A  visit  to  our  old  standby  resort — the  Grand  View 
Sanitorium  of  Wernersville.  Pa.,  has  furnished  another  pleasing 
picture  for  the  mental  habitation  in  the  coming  months  of  toil. 
Although  we  have  given  this  place  more  than  a  score  of  separate 
inspections  it  has  new  and  stronger  charms  for  us  on  every  re- 
peated visit.  Usually  tliere  is  some  new  and  expensive  attrac- 
tion added  on  every  return,  but  to  speak  the  plain  truth,  the  place 
-has  so  many,  so  great,  so  vast  and  so  extensive  charms  that  one 
cannot  take  them  all  in  in  one  visit.  It  is  too  great  to  take  in  at 
one  grasp,  toc>  vast  to  embrace  in  one  sweep  of  the  eye  or  mind, 
too  subtle  for  the  mind  to  hold  in  one  catch  of  it.     It  is  the  Queen 


350  Tin:  PFJXXSYIAAXIA-GERMAy. 

of  Resorts  for  rest  seekers,  and  the  few  huiulred  that  crowd  it 
from  year  to  }ear  know  it  well,  while  the  thousands  that  go  by 
on  their  way  to  the  sea,  or  some  other  mountain,  will  never  know 
it  or  believe  it,  until  they  stop  ol'i  and  take  a  climb  up  the  gentle 
elevation  of  its  South  ^fountain  hillside  and  for  a  week  look  out 
from  its  slope,  or  the  Institution's  windows,  where  in  everv  frame 
hangs  ready  for  the  beholder  one  of  the  finest  landscape  pictures 
this  scenic  country  of  ours  can  aiiord. 

But  we  nnist  not  forget  Mt.  Gretna  and  the  Pennsylvania  Chau- 
tauqua. Here  is  Pennsylvania's  ideal  summer  school.  Its  Chan- 
cellor is  Peims}ivania"s  able  and  gifted  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction,  and  its  hundreds  of  refined  and  intelligent  cottagers 
make  up  an  ideal  summer  community.  It  is  enough  to  sav  that  it 
was  our  good  fortune  this  summer  to  secure  a  cottage  on  these 
grounds,  and  with  our  family  to  spend  seven  delightful  weeks 
here.  If  }T)U  will  here-after  seek  the  Editor  of  the  P[-:xxsyl\'an!a- 
Germax  during  thic  months  of  July  and  August  in  the  lack  of 
any  better,  more  definite  knowledge  at  hand,  we  would  direct 
readers  and  friends  to  call  at  "The  Crow's  Xest,"  ^^It.  Gretna,  Pa. 


SEE  OUR  ADS. 

In  behalf  of  our  advertising  patrons  vre  would  respectfully  call  atten- 
tion to  the  things  otTered  for  sale  ou  our  cover  pages.  "Will  our  readers 
kindly  look  them  over.  They  are  not  the  least  entertaining  or  helpful  of 
our  magazine  pages.  You  will  want  some  time  to  travel,  you  may  need  a 
camera  or  bicycle;  you  will  want  lo  keep  I'osted  on  the  best  rest  and  health 
resorts;  you  have  looked  for  some  time  for  a  grandfather  clock  or  a  piano, 
and  the  prices  have  always  heretofore  been  prohibitive.  Here  you  will  find 
all  these  offered  on  easv  and  reliable  terms. 


BOOKS   AND  PAMPHLETS   RECEIVED. 

"Home  Ballads  an.l  Metrical  Versions,"  by  Prof.  J.  H.  Dubbs,  D.D., 
issued  in  ISS'^.  An  excellent  contribution  of  our  local  Germanic  and  folk- 
lore history  in  poetic;  measures. 

"Camp  Pottsgrove,  "  a  pamphlet  from  the  pen  of  Benjamin  Bertolet,  of 
Philadelphia,  giving  a  proof  and  account  of  General  Washington's  ariny 
encampment  at  Fagleysville,  New  Hanover  township,  Montgomery  county, 
Pa.,  from  September  ISth  to  2(3th,   1777. 

"Views  of  Historic  Frodericktown.  :Md.,  by  John  F.  Kreh,  Frederick,  :Md. 


DIE  AMSCHEL. 

LOUISK    A.     WKI'I'ZKL. 

Ich  gleioli  es  Avaiin  die  Auischel  singt 

Im  Sehpotjohr;    's  laut  so  soho! 
So  dief  es  in  die  Seel  uei  dringt 

jNIer  nient  scliier  's  diit  cm  web. 
Es  bringt  Moililiimliu  in  der  Sinn, 

Un.  Juni's  Koseljradit, 
Un  widder  daroli  die  V.'iildor  griin 

Die  Jugend  danzt  un  lacht. 

Du  bringslit  de  Friilijohr  niit   deim   G 'sang, 

'S  Sehpotjohr  niit  dir  vergebtj 
Un  darch  de  Winter  kalt  un  lang 

Ebniohls  nier  dieh   ah  g  'seht. 
Dei  rothe  Bruseht  is  vsie  en  Sehild 

Gemohlt  von  Summer  's  Glut. 
Mer  dtMikt  an  Summ.er  sanft  un  mild 

Wann  sinke  will  der  Muth. 

Der  lievo  Gott  hott  dieh  gesehenkt 

Zum  Trosht  iu  derrer  Zeit, 
En  lichter  Blaeke  das  cm  lenkt 

An  die  Vergangeuheit. 
Dei  Danklied  dringt  zum  Ilimmel  hie, 

Wie  unserg  dringe  soil. 
War  unser  Ilerz,  wie  deins,  ah  nie 

Von  nix  ass  Freude  voll! 
Lititz,  Pa. 


THE  NORTHEASTERN  SAENGERFEST  PRIZE  POEM. 
(We  give  below  the  Kaiser  Prize  Sung,  tlie  eompositiun  which  won  the 
prize  of  .$.30  for  words  and  .fl50  for  musie,  uU'ered  by  Kaiser  William  of 
Germany  to  tlie  Xortlieastern  Saengert'fst  of  the  United  States,  which  held 
its  annual  coriveution  last  June  in  Baltimi)re,  MA.  The  original  words  and 
one  translation  are  from  the  pen  of  I'ev.  A.  \V.  Hildebraudt,  ot"  Constable- 
vilh?,  X.  Y.,  and  the  music  to  which  it  was  sung,  is  by  Mr.  Funis  Victor  Saar, 
of  Xeu-  York  City.  Immediately  after  the  publication  of  th.o  CJerman  text  a 

351 


352 


Tilt:  rEXXSYLVA -V/.l-C/A'AM/.l Y 


number  of  Enylisli  translations,  possessing  more  or  less  merit,  made  their 
appearance.  Beluw  are  given  the  German  original.  Rev.  Mr.  lliMehrandt 's 
own  translation  and  another  arranged  from  translations  by  I'rof.  Otto 
F\ichs,  of  the  ^raryland  Institute.- and  "  Wanderbursoh,"  fcdlowed  bv  a 
third  sent  in  by  a  reader  of  the  Baltimore  Sun.     They  are  as  follows:) 


(German   Original.) 

DAS     DEUTSCHE     VOLKSLIED. 

Du  hast  mit  Deiner  solichteu  Weise 
Mein    Herz    gebracht    in    Deinem 
Bann, 
Dass  ich  aus  Deinem  Zauberkreise, 
Der    mich    umschlingt    so    lieb    und 
leise, 
Mich   nimmermehr  befreien  kann! 

Es  sang  mit  Deinem  siissen  Klange 

Die  ilutterliebe  mich  zur  Ruh'. 
T\'ar  noeh  so  thriinenuass  die  Wange, 
Die  Mutter  sang,  und  bei 'm  Gesange 
Schloss  mir   der  Schlaf   das   Auge 
zu. 

Beim  fruhen  Reigen  um  die  Linde 

Erklangst  Du  in  der  Sommeruacht. 
Der    Ijiebste    singt's    dem    schmuck- 

en   Ivinde, 
Der     Wanderbursch'      im      Morgen- 
winde, 
Und  der  soldat  auf  stiller  Wacht. 

Da  ich  nun  fand  auf  fremder  Erde 
Nach   langem   Wandern   Ruh '   und 
Rast, 
Bleibst   Du  in  Treue  mein  Gefiihrte 
Und  bist  an   meinem  neueu  Herde, 
Du,   deutsches  Lied,   mein  liebster 
Cast. 


(By   Rev.   Mr.   Hildebrandt.) 

THE     GERMAN'     FOLKSONG. 

Thou   hast   in   thine   artless   way 
Brought    mv    heart     beneath    thy 
thrall; 
Such   the   sulitlc   magic  of  thy  sway, 
That  in  its  gracious  love  doth  soft- 
ly   play, 
And  holds  me  bound  for  aye  and 
all. 

My    mother    sang,     and    thy    s^veet 
strain 
Her  innate  love  for  mo  disclosed, 
And  every  tt-ar  and  ch  Idish  pain 


"Was  quickly  soothed  by  thy  refrain. 
My     eyes     the     while    in    slumber 
closed. 

In    merry    sport     'midst    the    linden 
groves 
Thou    soundest    upon    the    summer 
night; 
The  lover  sings   thee   to   the   one  he 

loves, 
The    wand  'rer    to    the    wind    as    he 
roves, 
And  the  soldier  in  the  silent  night. 

Now    that    on    stranger    e^rth    I've 
found 
After     weary     journeying,     peace 
and    rest, 
To      thee,      my      faithful      comrade, 

bound, 
O  German  song!   thy  loyal  sound 
Shall  ever  be  my  welcome  guest. 

(By     Prof.     Fuchs    and     "Wander- 
bursch.") 

GERMAN     FOLKSONG. 

Thou,     with      thy     simple,      tuneful 
graces, 
Hast     charmed     and     bound     my 
heart    to    thee, 
Enshrined  by  magical  embraces 
In  thy  most  ^veet  and  soulful  traces 
From  which   I   never  can  be  free. 

When,    with    thy    rapturous,    gentle 
beaming, 
A     mother's     love    lulled     me     to 
sleep. 
And  down  my  cheeks  the  tears  were 

streaming, 
My   mother  sang!    till   I  lay   dream- 
ing 
Of  angels,  blessed,  happy,  sweet. 

Thy  tune  around  the  linden  rings 
From     revel     jovous     in     evening  . 
light; 
The    ardent     s^vain     his    sweetheart 
sings. 


POETIC  GKM.^.                                                 358 

The  waiiil 'frer  to  tlie  breezes  flings,  A   iinither's  love  lulled   nie  to  rest. 

And  soldier  luiins   iu   silent   nifjlit.  Ilowe'er      the      tear-stained      cheeks 

were    ylowinj^. 

NoM-    sinee    I've    wandered    far    and  Thf-   niotlier    sanj:;,    so    pea.-e   bestow- 

u-eary.  in  jr. 

In  foreign  lands  found  peace  and  :\iv    eyes    were    elosed     l>v     shiinber 

I'f^t—  "       "      blest. 
Thou,    faithful    friend,    when    l»right 

or   dreary.  In    summer    nii;lits   thy    strains    were 

Abide  in  my  new  homestead  cheery;  ringing, 

0  German      song!      my      dearest  'Mid     dances    gay     'round    linden 

guest.                          ,  tree; 

The  lover  to  his  sweetheart  singing, 

111    morning    breeze,    the    wand  'rer 

(By    Old    Subscriber,    L.    S.)  bringing 

THE    GEUMAN-    FOLKSONG.  Qn    sileiit   watch   guards  humming 

Thou  hast  with   simple  lay  entwined  thee 

]\[y  heart,  and  l>ound  it  so  to  thee 

That     from     tliy     magic     spell,     en-  Since  I   on    foreign  soil  attained, 

shrined,  A  weary  wand 'rer,  peace  ami  rest. 

By  loving,   tender   Vionds  confined,  ^ly     comrade     true     thou     hast     re- 

1  never  more  myself  i-an   free.  niained. 

Art  at   my  fireside  newly   gained, 

'Twas     with     thy     cadence     sweetly  Thou,    German    song,    my    dearest 

fiowing,  giiest. 


DER    FERLOHRA    EHSEL. 

RKV.   A.   c.   AvrCHTEK.  ^V^e 'n     nossie     sdiwalm     im     schon- 
S'war  mold     'n    mou    im    Moryalond,  schtehruhs. 

Der  war  utt  weit  un  brehd  b'kont 

Fer'n  longer  bort  un  g's(_-heiter  kup,  Er     hut     mohl     well     noch     orhdem 
Un    hinner'm    ohr   en   tricksaknup.  g'schnojit 

"Wie'n  foss  won  cbber  seider  tzoppt; 

Er  war    'u  man   org  dief  g 'lehrt,  T'n's    schwetze?    Well,    s'war'n    hor- 
Un  yehders  hut 'u  hoch  g'ehrt  ter  joli, 

■\Veii    mohl    der    Koenich    schnupdu-  Do<di     endlich     glickt 's,     noh    geht 's 

vock  mohl   ob. 

Ihn\  g's<henkt  hut  im 'a  seidna  sock. 

"  >rei   ehsell    och.   mei   ehsel,   du. 

Eh  dutzend  aemter  hut 'r  g'liot.  Is  f ortg 'doppt.  wuh  such  ich.  wuh? 

Doch   war   ilnn   cus  der   gonsa  lot  Er    is    schuii    hissel   schteii'    un    olt. 

Ken  ehns  so  lieb  wie's  Scliqnireomt,  Un  "s  link  ohr  hut    "n  glehnie  folt. 
Weil     sel      fum      Koenich      Sol'mon 

schtomt.  "Sie  mehna  oil  du  kenscht  g'wiss 

^[ 'r   sawga    wuii    mei    ehsel    is; 

In  scUem   omt  gebt 's  fiel  tz '  duh,  ^Vlln    elm's   so 'u   grohse    lerning   het 

Won     ehns     sich     awsehickt     grawd  l'«s  wisst  yoh  olles,  Aw  bis  Tzet. " 

wie'n   bull 

Un  will  net  wos  der  onner  will —  Der  Schciuire  hut  sei  bort  g'tzu[.pt, 

Well,    s'gebt    so 'n    klehnie    Schquire  En  weissie  hohr  sich  rous  g 'ruppt. 

bill.  Is'oh    sa'.vyt'r:    "Well,    so    wie    mer's 

gurkt 

Well,    ennyhow,    eh    munmidawg  ITut    ebber'n    cdter    ehsel    g 's<hUickt. 
Kumt    ehncr    mit'ra    Hiob"  klawg. 

Er     war     fersi-hw  itzt     fun     kv[>     tzu  -'Pi's    ding    is    urn's    brevier;',    yoh, 

fuhs  ( )m    I'n.i.iawg   troag  ich  eifrich  noh; 


Der   Froiihiw*;^    kiiiiit.    doeli    nix    cum 
roiis. 


354  THE  PE.\\sVL]AXlA-(;i:fnf.\\. 

Per  tlioh   kiiiiit    ufl"   iler   Mosque   fer-        S>thtuls  liut 'r  uui   sidi   rum   fj'ffuokt, 
leiclit  ,.  I'io  oxla  Viiss '1   sche-p   fertzuckt, 

Koh      sehn      ioh      wuh      der      e^el        Noli    seehfr:    "  Wdl,    ich    denk    icli 
greisi-ht."  bin 

Der   ebnt/.ischt   doh   fun   sollem    tziii. 

"  Wos    •u-eibsk'it    awgeht,    geb    nier 
S 'wells  nininiond   nix  im  gonsa  houa  week, 

Funi   ehsel   os  ferlohra   war  T)oh     fress     irh     lieliwer     soup     fun 

Paar      dawg      tz'rii'k      im      schtodt-  dreck ; 

bazaar.  licit     sin     sie     seharf,     un     niorya 

Si'htunip  — 
Der  Scdiquire  hut  a'weil   g'wart.  ■  ^ie     sin     org     tiel     wie'n     floh     im 

Xoh  schtreicht 'r  sieh  om  longa  bort  schtrunip. 

Un  sagt  tzuni  folk :   ' '  Eh  waig  gebt  . 

>g    Yioch.  "  Fum     wei,     doh     ha  est 's     ira     Al- 

Fer'n  ehsel  finna,  glawb  ich  doeh.  Koran, 

*  .  'Sel     schtuft     ferderbt     de     beschta 


"Haert   was    wh    sawg    so    os    der's 
wisst 


num ; 
Der   Eblis    (deivel)    hut's   g'mocht. 


Tir  ,      ,  ■,  I,      1    I       ^rit     blute     rode     g  tarbt     un     noh 

v\  er     noch      ken      weibsmensch      hut  -i     i  ^ 

„  .     .  g  locht. 

g'kisst,  ^ 

,    ,    .     ,  "  Dem  singa   un   dem  dood 'la.  well. 

S  sohpiert,  •  -p,  .  "^    .  ,  i  •      i-  i 

?      i/    1      ,-,/?,  .  Dem     reis     uh      ous     so     tziemlicu 


Un     nix     fun     lieb     im     hertz     noch 

g  'sohpiert, 
Os  ehns  in  olla  dumhait  fiehrt 


schnell. 

•"^o 'n  grecksa  un  so 'n  dum  g'grish  — 

"Wer  noch  ken  gloss '1  wei  fersucht.  .  ^yie  hund  un  kotza  un 'erm   discli !  " 
Un    mehnt    die    music    waer    yuscht 

tzucht;  Ppj.    Sohquire    hut    sich    rumg'dreht 

Wer     des     kon     sawga,     der     bleib  Tzum  mon  wuh  gaeru  sei  ehsel  het; 

schteh,  "Dei   ehsel,   denk  ich,   der  is  fort 

Die  onra  oil  die  kenna  geh."  ]^'u's  IjqJ  nix  os  mer  lenger  wart. 

S'is  dies  uflf  un  sochta   fert,  "Doh    nemm    den    kerl    un    tzahm'n 

S '  g  u  c  k  t    n  i  m  m  o  n  d    rum,    kens  uff, 

schnauf t 'n    wort;  I'n   huck   dei   binil'l  hinna    druff. 

Yoh     doch,     s'bleibt     endlich     ehner  So  "n   ehsel   finnt   mer   kennor   mob 

schteh,  Fun  Ispahan  bis  on  der  Saeh. " 

Er  war  schun  olt,  gons  derr  un  kleh.  Gilbert,   Pa. 


Historical  Pilgrimages  imo 

...Pennsylvania-Germandom 


FROM  YORK  PA.,  TO  HARPER'S  FERRY  W.  VA. 


BY    DR.    I.    H.    BETZ. 

AFTER  remaining  at  York  for  a  time,  -ue  resume  our  pilgrinia3;e  to- 
wards  the   Potomac.      Such    towns   as   Lancaster,    York,    Hanover, 
Gettysburg  and  Chambersburg  each  have  a  largo  number  of  roads 
that  radiate  from  them  as  a  center.     It  was  this  fact   that   |iermitted   the 
rapid  concentration  of  troops  at  these  points  during  the  Civil  War. 

Our  route  will  for  the  nmst  part  follow  the  general  direction  of  the 
early  Monocacy  road,  which  led  from  the  Susquehanna  to  tlie  Potomac, 
passing  through  York,  Hanover,  Littlestown,  Frederick  in  ^laryland,  to  the 
"Mouocacy  Settlement"  near  the  mouth  of  the  Monoeacy  river,  in  all  a 
distance   of  about   eighty  miU^. 

The  road  was  not  an  air  line  and  about  equal  portions  of  its  length  were 
in  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland  taking  the  present  boundaries  as  a  stantlard 
of  comparison.  The  turnpike  roads  that  followed  later  v.ere  shorter  and 
more  direct  since  their  construction  was  more  costly.  The  railways  that 
followed  still  later  are  generally  longer  in  extent  between  distant  points 
than  the  turnpikes.  The  general  course  of  the  Monoeacy  road  followed  an 
Indian  trail  which  had  been  used  by  traders  and  missionaries  who  pre- 
ceded the  general  settler. 

The  travel  between  the  two  rivers  in  early  days  was  always  verj'  large. 
Maryland  and  Virginia  were  settled  long  before  the  central  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania. The  line  between  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania  remained  in  an 
unsettled  condition  for  many  years.  An  earlier  road  than  the  Monoeacy 
had  been  constructed  from  the  "Conewago  Settlement"  to  Baltimore  town 
in  1736,  seven  years  after  the  founding  of  Baltimore.  "VNTien  the  boundary 
betwetm  the  two  provinces  became  adjusted  in  1707  about  ten  miles  of  this 
road  was  found  to  be  in  Pennsylvania.  It  was  therefore  the  oldest  road  in 
York  county.  It  occupied  very  nearly  the  site  of  what  afterwards  became 
the  Hanover  and  Baltimore  turnpike. 

Western  Maryland  and  the  Valley  of  Virginia  were  largely  settled  by 
Germans,  many  of  whose  descendants  are  found  there  today.  The  townships 
of  Southwestern  York  county,  Pa.,  through  whi(di  our  route  extends  bear 
such  names  as  Manheim  and  Heidelberg,  which  were  named  in  honor  of  the 
localities  in  Germany  from  which  the  early  settlers  had  come. 

3=^5 


35G  Tin:  PKWS YL I  .1  MA-Ul^HM. I .V. 

Our  route  in  York  county  extends  tliroui:;li  the  narrow  belt  of  limestone 
■vvhieh  is  continueil  thinnj.'li  tiie  soutlieastei'ii  jiortion  of  Adams  county  and 
thenee  into  Maryland.  Tliis  linies'tone  fornuition  m.'iy  be  eoueeived  as 
being  eontinuous  with  tiuit  of  the  (,'umberlanil  Valley  and  with  that  of 
Lancaster  county,  where  it  broadens  and  forms  onedialf  of  its  area.  The 
soil  is  ver\'  fertile  and  jiroductive.  The  buildings  are  tasteful  and  com- 
modious, the  barns  esjiecially  being  very  capacious.  Througl-r-it  the  couu- 
tiy  are  foun-l  many  large  churches  es[it'cially  among  the  I^uthcran  and  Ke- 
formed  \\hich  in  many  cases  are  held  jointly.  The  congregations  are  very 
large  and  in  some  cases  are  drawn  from  a  large  extent  of  territory.  It  is 
to  be  hoped  that  their  records  may  lie  transcribed  and  [mblished  -^vhieh  has 
been  done  in  at  least  one  instance  by  the  Pennsylvania-German  So(dety  in 
its  yearly  rejiorts.  Many  points  or  settlements  throughout  the  cotmtry  bore 
Indian  names  such  as  that  of  the  Conestoga,  the  (."odorus.  the  Bermudian. 
the  Conewago  and  the  ]\ronocacy.  The  peoi>le  in  these  settlenu'nts  mostly 
came  from  the  same  locality  in  Europe  and  preferred  to  settle  in  close 
proximity  in  the  d>mse  wilderness  to  rentier  each  other  assistance  an(.l  proteC 
lion  in  their  untrit^l  f(jrtunes. 

No  stage  in  social  life  can  be  mure  democratic  than  such  conditions  de- 
velop. It  can  still  be  oltserved  in  tlu>  great  West.  As  communities  advance 
in  social  life  and  prtisperity,  this  degree  of  nuitual  helpfulness  and  socia- 
bility be<.-omes  corresponilingly  lessened.  The  log  rollings  anil  iiudting,  tlie 
husking  bees  and  barn  raisings  of  our  ancestors.  ha\'e  passed  away  with 
the  con<litions  and  circumstances  that  called   them   forth. 

The  larger  tracts  of  land  which  were  taken  up  by  the  first  settlers  have 
been  subdivided  as  they  passed  down  to  their  descendants.  In  numy  cases 
their  descendants  have  disposed  of  their  holdings  and  after  a  century  and 
a  half  have  turned  their  faces  toward  the  setting  sun  and  like  tlieir  ances- 
tors anew  have  become  pioneers  under  far  different  circumstances.  Rail- 
roads have  now  gone  ahead  of  ci\ilization  and  prepared  the  way  for  the 
new  settler.  The  phase  of  settlement  that  was  accemjianied  by  the  pack- 
horse,  the  Conestoga  wagon  or  the  boat  on  the  "raging  canawl"  has  dis- 
appeared never  to  return.  The  past  century  witnessed  nuuiy  improvements 
and  innovations  in  the  region  we  jiurpose  describing.  Prosperous  towns  and 
villages  have  appeared  upon  the  nmp.  >.'ew  industries  have  been  started 
by  large  aggregations  of  capital  whiidi  lun  e  also  proiluce<l  new  avenues  for 
labor.  The  population  has  increased  and  the  giMU>ral  condition  has  im- 
proved. While  changing  conditions  may  v.ork  tem[>orary  hardships  until 
adaptatiim   ensues,   tl;e  change  in  the  end  is  productive  of  good. 

In  several  resjiects  nuirked  changes  have  occurred  in  this  connnunity. 
The  throngs  whiidi  passed  over  the  old  Monoca.cy  road,  anil  the  stock  which 
was  driven  over  it  have  disapjieared.  The  railroad  now  conveys  passen- 
gers and  freight,  satisfactorily  and  expeditiously.  The  well-kept  hostelries 
that  lined  the  road  have  for  the  most  part  been  discontinued  or  gone  into 
ruins.  Here  again  changed  coiuliticms  have  produced  far-rea<diing  efi'ects 
in  social  life. 


YORK  TO  IfAh'l'fJirs  FJ:h'I!Y.  357 

Our  route  tlius  far  luiK  led  us  tlirouj^li  tlie  central  part  of  York  eounty. 
We  now  turn  sharply  towards  its  soutliwestern  portion.  To  our  left  is  tliai 
portion  oneo  known  as  the  "York  Barrens,"  whose  inijiaired  fertility  how- 
ever has  been  largely  restored  by  iinpro\ed  methods  in  niotlern  aijrricalture. 
To  our  right  is  that  lai^ge  [lortion  of  the  oounty  known  as  the  uvw  Red 
Sandstone  fornuuion.  l^arge  jmrtions  of  truss  rock  are  marked  on  the  map 
and  Avitnessoil  as  elevated  ridges  over  tlie  ehanging  lands,-api'.  This  espeid- 
ally  ap]dies  to  the  northern  part  of  York  and  a  large  {>art  of  Adams  coun- 
ties. The  niemoralde  "rocky  heights''  at  (Gettysburg  are  tlie  outcome  of 
this  protrusion.  Spurs  from  the  South  [Mounlain  are  gi\en  off  whi(di  en- 
circle or  enidose  valleys,  or  wiiich  lose  themselves  in  the  lUstam-e.  The 
limestone  has  been  made  available  in  increasing  the  fertility  of  the  soil 
especially  of  those  sections  uliere  it  does  not  prevail.  The  red  sandstone 
has  been  used  for  fine  building  purposes.  The  scdiool  houses  of  the  u[)per 
end  of  the  county  are  generally  fmilt  of  this  nniterial.  The  granite  quar- 
ries have  yielded  a  large  amount  of  material  for  bridges  and  other  <lurable 
purposes.  A^'ry  limited  areas  of  coal  have  been  found  under  the  new  red 
sandstone   formation. 

A  distance  of  ten  mile^  from  York  brings  us  to  Spring  Grove  whose 
postoftice  is  known  as  Spring  Forge,  which  is  one  of  those  numerous  atujma- 
lies  in  the  State,  which  arises  from  the  fact  that  other  localities  had  al- 
ready appropriated  the  name,  and  to  prevent  confusion  the  (".overnment 
has  wisely  decreed  that  but  a  single  postoffice  bearing  the  same  name  is 
allowable  in  any  one  State  of  the  Union.  Of  course  numerous  instances 
arise  Aviiere  the  san'.e  name  is  found  in  different  States. 

Spring  Grove  is  a  lieautiful  town  whicdi  has  been  almost  wh)!iy  hiiilt  up 
by  the  pajier  niamifactories  that  are  in  o[ieration.  Paper  for  writing  pur- 
poses of  the  finest  grades  is  made  and  the  demand  is  constant  and  increasing. 
Mr.  P.  II.  Glatfelter  is  the  master  si<irit  who  fr(un  small  beginnings  has 
built  up  this  noted  industry.  He  is  also  interested  in  other  large  bushu'ss 
enterprises  which  have  been  equally  successful.  S[iring  Grove  is  a  veritable 
hive  of  industry.  It  is  noted  for  its  orderliness,  and  'mpresses  the  visitor 
very  favorably.  It  is  about  midway  between  York  and  Hanover.  It  has 
good  railway  facilities  by  the  Pennsylvania  and  Western  Maryland'  rail- 
roads.    It   has  good   water   facilities,   the  (.'odorus  atfor.ling  a.   [ikntiful  sup- 

ply. 

In  due  tiu'.e  we  reach  Ilanoser,  whi(di  is  situated  in  a  beautiful  aail  in- 
viting country.  It  borders  (dosely  upon  the  line  of  Adams  county.  It  be- 
comes continuous  with  McSherrystow  ji  whiidi  is  in  the  latter  county.  Han- 
over, since  its  beginning,  has  had  an  eventful  history.  Abmit  ITl't)  .lolui 
Digges,  a  petty  Irish  ncddeman  obtained  a  title  for  ln.iioO  a<-res  from  the 
Proprietaries  of  Maryland,  which  Incame  knoun  as  '•[)i<,rges'  (.'hoice. ''  On 
part  of  this  land,  later,  Hanover  was  foundc-ii.  Tlu-  temiiorary  line  that 
was  run  between  the  two  provinces  in  \7'.V2  did  not  settle  the  couHicting 
claims  in  and  arumicl  the  • '  ( ■iinc\'i  nyo  Settleaieut,  ' '  as  tlie  cmnmunitv  was' 
then    known.      This   cndii'on   of    atVairs   prtidncrd    great    dissatistactii  ii    and 


358  THE  PEXySYLVAXIA-GFrnfAX. 

disturbance,  and  in  soino  cases  murder  and  bloodshed.  Even  after  Hanover 
■was  laid  out,  yet  still  not  kn^wn  by  tliat  name,  the  troubles  had  not  ceased. 
In  1749  York  county  was  founded  and  York  became  the  seat  of  justice. 
The  judges  of  tho  cuuiity  courts  were  not  learned  in  the  law,  being  only 
justices  of  the  peace  \\ho  administered  the  law  under  the  authority  of  the 
King  of  England.  At  times  they  assumed  great  dignity  in  tho  performance 
of  the  functions  of  their  office,  and  were  austere  in  their  manner.  Many 
a  criminal  was  sentenced  to  the  stocks,  the  pillory  or  the  whipping  post.  One 
subject  who  lived  near  the  s-ite  of  Littlestown  was  sentenced  to  have  his 
ears  cut  off  for  counterfeiting  money,  which  sentence  was  carried  out.  Tlie 
conflicting  claims  to  the  lands  in  and  around  "Digges'  Choice"  and  the 
doubt  whether  Hanover  was  in  ^laryland  or  Pennsylvania  led  to  some  in- 
teresting com]dications  in  the  administration  of  justice.  On  at  least  one 
occasion  the  austere  judges  at  York  commanded  the  founder  of  the  town  of 
Hanover  to  punish  his  own  criminals.     They  rel'used  to  try  them. 

Owing  to  this  state  of  affairs,  Hanover  became  noted  as  a  resort  for  mis- 
creants who  sought  to  avoid  the  punishment  for  their  evil  deeds.  In  common 
parlance  it  became  known  as  "Rogues'  Kesort. "  The  founder  could  endure 
this  no  longer.  He  assumed  dictatorial  powers  and  ruled  the  town  with  a 
rod  of  hickory!  But  after  the  troubles  became  adjusted  by  the  establish- 
ment of  Mason  and  Dixon's  Line  in  17GS,  matters  settled  down  and  the 
reign  of  chaos  was  over. 

The  noted  Archibald  McClean,  who  later  took  such  an  active  part  in  the 
Revolution,  assisted  in  running  a  large  part  of  this  line.  He  was  a  resident 
then  and  later  of  the  "Marsh  Creek  Country,"  as  it  was  then  known,  lying 
in  York  county,  but  after  the  formation  of  Adams  county  in  ISOO  forming 
part  of  the  latter.  He  lies  buried  in  the  I\Iarsh  Creek  Cemetery  which  is 
now  embraced  within  the  famous  battle  field  of  Gettysburg.  His  grave 
seems  not  very  clearly  marked,  although  a  tablet  has  been  erected  to  his 
memory  within  the  present  year  by  the  Daughters  of  the  Eevolution.  He 
assisted  also  in  establishing  the  "Middle  Point"  between  Cape  Henlopen 
and  the  Chesap*^ake  and  in  locating  the  "Great  Tangent"  through  the  Pen- 
insula, and  in  tracing  the  well  known  "Arc  of  the  Circle"  around  New 
Castle  in  Dela'(\are.  'ihis  was  during  the  years  17(30-2-3.  He,  witli  six  of 
his  brothers,  assisted  ^fason  and  Dixon  from  1763  to  176(3.  When  the  party 
arrived  on  the  summit  of  the  "Little  Alleghany"  tliey  were  stopped  Dy 
hostile  Indians.  In  1767  they  again  resumed  the  survey  with  the  aid  and 
company  of  a  number  of  friendly  Indians.  After  reaching  the  top  of  the 
"Great  Alleghany"  they  were  joined  by  an  additional  number  of  friendly 
Indians  who  were  useful  as  interpreters  with  tho  savage  Indians  who  threat- 
ened opposition.  The  party  of  whites  comprised  30  assistant  surveyors  and 
1.0  axe  men.  They  continued  westward  240  miles  from  Delaware  to  "Dun- 
ker  Creek,"  which  had  been  named  after  the  noted  Eckerlin  brothers  who 
were  deposed  from  tliC  Ephrata  Seventh  Day  community  in  1745.  This  was 
36  miles  east  of  the  western  limit  of  the  present  Mason  and  Dixon  line.  The 
balance  was  run  in  17S_"and  17;^4. 


YORK  TO  JlAh'l'i:irs  FlJRtn'.  ioM 

During  the  past  few  years  tlic  stcmes  xshicli  lia<l  been  set  iij>  at  intervals 
or  distances  have  lieen  replaced  or  restored.  In  tlie  mutations  of  time  niany 
of  them  bad  been  removed. 

Kioliard  McAllister,  the  founder  of  Hanover,  was  a  jiublic  spirited  iiian  of 
commanding  presence  and  marked  influence,  especially  among  the  Germans. 
He  was  born  in  Ireland  and  with  his  parents  settled  at  Big  Spring,  Cumber- 
laud  county.  In  174S  he  married  ]\rary  Dill,  whose  father  founded  Dills- 
burg,  ill  York  county,  which  town  later  became  the  birth  place  of  Senator 
M.  S.  Quay.  The  house  in  which  he  was  born  is  still  standing.  Mary  Dill 
was  a  sister  of  Capt.  >ratthew  Dill,  of  Revolutionary  distinction.  McAllister 
established  a  tavern  and  store  at  the  cross-roads  of  the  road  from  Carlisle 
to  Daltimore  and  the  road  to  Monoeacy.  The  building  was  a  two-story  log 
house  which  is  still  standing,  and  later  being  encased  with  brick  it  presents 
a  nice  appearance.  McAllister  had  come  here  as  early  as  1749.  His  public 
inn  and  store  were  much  frequented,  and  he  became  very  popular. 

The  following  year,  in  1750,  he  entered  the  political  field  and  sought  the 
office  of  sheriff,  which  was  then  held  by  the  noted  Hance  Hamilton  from 
the  "Marsh  Creek  Settlen'.eut.  "  The  Scotch-Irish  were  very  favorable  to 
his  second  term  for  the  office.  He  was  a  general  favorite  among  them,  while 
the  Germans  championed  McAllister.  The  election  was  held  in  York  town 
at  the  unfinished  tavern  of  Baltser  Spangler.  The  voting  was  done  through 
the  chinks  between  the  logs  of  the  building.  The  whole  county  turned  out 
on  horseback  and  the  excitement  and  interest  grew  to  fever  heat.  As  the 
day  waned  on,  both  parties  provided  themselves  with  saplings,  and  history 
records  that  the  Irish  were  driven  from  the  polls,  and  across  the  classic  Co- 
dorus,  not  because  they  lacked  grit,  valor  and  determination,  but  because 
their  opponents  with  ec[ual  grit  and  determination  greatly  outnumbered 
them.  But,  after  all,  ^IcAllister  failed  in  the  election,  since  the  votes  and 
methods  of  his  enthusiastic  supporters  were  thrown  out  by  the  legal  au- 
thorities and  Hamilton  remained  in  office.  There  is  nothing  that  succeeds 
like  success. 

McAllister,  about  1704,  determined  to  found  a  town.  Th.s  declaration  at 
once  was  received  with  incredulity  by  the  stolid  Germans  by  \shom  he  was 
surrounded.  It  is  related  that  a  certain  farmer,  after  visiting  through  the 
neighborhood,  came  home  and  addressed  his  wife  by  the  usual  designation 
of  the  time,  saying:  "Ham my,  I  have  something  to  tell  you.  Richard  Mc- 
Allister is  going  to  make  a  town!  "  The  wife,  after  some  inquiries  and  re- 
marks, with  a  sarcastic  smile  which  s-poke  more  than  words,  said:  "Ha!  ha! 
ha!  I  am  afraid  that  man  will  turn  a  fool  yet.  I  think  he  will  call  his 
town  Hickorytown. ' ' 

But  the  town  was  founded  and  proved  a  success.  McAllister's  descend- 
ants were  numerous,  and  many  of  them  occupied  posts  of  honor  and  im- 
portance. The  tov  n  has  greatly  im{)r(ived  of  late  years.  Many  industries 
have  been  established.  An  Agricultural  Fair  is  held  yearly  and  is  largely 
attended,  and  has  proven  a  great  success. 

A  half  centurj-  ago  such  towns  as  Hanover,  Gettysburg  and  Frederick 
were  isolated   and   more  or   less   inaccessible.      The  railroad   from   Hanover 


300  Tin:  ri:.\  \s)  lAAXiA-aLiruAX. 

Junction  on  tlie  Xurthern  Crutral  Knilidail,  whidi  was  huilt  to  Ilaiiuvor, 
was  the  first  railroad  outlet  for  that  locality.  Others  follow  oil  from  Hanover 
to  Littlestow  n,  York,  Baltimore  and  (Jettysbur;":.  They  eventually  lier-aine 
links  of  longer  lines  which  led  directly  to  Cailisle,  Chanilierslnirj;,  Tfagers- 
town  and  Freilerick,  and  tluis  beearne  feeders  to  distant  lines. 

This  whole  section  of  country  was  traselled  o\er  Viy  the  opiiosing  hosts 
of  ca\alrv  which  were  le<l  on  the  Union  side  by  such  intrepid  and  dashing 
leaders  as  Kiliiati'ick,  Custer.  I'arnsworth  and  C!reyg.  Tiie  Confederate 
forces  were  led  by  Gens.  .1.  E.  P..  Stuart.  Fitzlnigli  Lee,  and  Wade  Hamp- 
ton. They  crosse<l  each  other's  paths  auil  a  sanguinary  conrlict  took  place 
in  and  about  the  streets  of  Hanover.  ]More  than  '>,oi\H)  men  were  engaged  on 
each  side  and  tlie  losses  in  killed  and  wounded  on  tlie  Union  side  reaeheil 
more  than  ."id.  The  losses  on  the  t^'onfederate  side  reaidied  at  least  an  equal 
nundjer.  The  action  lasted  several  hours.  It  occurred  on  the  30th  of  June, 
the  previous  day  to  the  beginning  of  the  sanguinary  contest  at  Gettysburg. 
Doubtless  that  colossal  event  has  had  much  to  do  in  obscuring  the  action 
which  occurred  at  Hauo\er.  Stuart  made  a  circuit  of  the  Army  of  the  Po- 
tomac, and  his  absence  uas  sorely  missed  by  General  I^ee,  wlio  was  thus 
hampered  in  getting  news  concerning  the  movements  of  the  Union  Army. 

After  the  engagenumt  at  llanov..r.  he  moved  northward  through  the  west- 
ern part  of  York  county  to  Carlisle.  I'inding  that  Ewell  had  moved  on  to 
Gettysburg  after  making  some  demonstrations  at  Carlisle,  he  moved  to 
Gettysburg  and  nu?t  the  Union  cavalry  under  General  Gregg  on  and  about 
the  Eummel  farm,  where  a  most  sanguinary  contest  occurreil.  In  fac-t  this 
was  one  of  the  greatest  cavalry  fi-iits  of  the  war.  (iresg  had  al-o  followed 
Stuart  to  York  county,  but  was  ordered  to  Ciettysburg.  and  was  there  sta- 
tioned to  protect  the  right  Hank  of  the  Union  army. 

This  battle  occurred  during  the  third  day,  while  Pickett's  charge  was  m 
progress  with  the  evident  {airposi^  to  make  the  Union  rout  C(.unplete.  Kil- 
patrick  protected  the  left  tiank  if  the  Union  army,  and  while  Longstreet 
made  a  diversion  with  troops  to  call  attention  away  from  the  charging  col- 
umns of  IMckett.  Kiljiatrick's  cavalry  came  sweeping  around  Big  Kound 
Top,  yelling  and  screaming  like  demons.  The  rebel  infantry  was  checked, 
and  great  confusion  ensued.  Farnsworth  was  killed.  General  Early  also 
made  his  advance  on  Y'ork  and  Wriglitsville  by  several  roads  which,  how- 
ever, at  York  again  concentrated  his  troops.  E\eiits  took  place  very  rap- 
idly during  tlinse  midsummer  d.ays  of  'Go,  and  the  sudden  appearance  and 
disaioifaranre  of  a  i[uarter  of  a  n\illiou  of  imm  in  so  slnirt  a  time  seems  mar- 
velous. Again  it  will  be  recalled,  that  nujre  than  one-fourth  of  this  great 
host  were  killed  ainl  woundcMl,  \veie  takt/u  [udsiaiers  or  ihsertt^d. 

From  Hanover,  as  a  central  pidnt,  let  us  take  note  of  some  of  its  sur- 
rounding localities.  To  the  northeast  is  Seven  Valley,  which  term,  however, 
is  a  misnomer,  as  no  seven  valleys  exist.  The  country  being  settled  by  peci- 
ple  who  came  from  the  Eplirata  (oinmuaity,  the  term  Siebeu  Tiiger  became 
confus'.^l  with  the  name  Sietjen  Tluiler,  or  Se\'en  Valley.  Another  colony 
from  Ephrata  settlo'l  in  the  western  part  of  York  county  to  the  north  of 
Hano\er,  on  the  P.'-rmudian  Creek.     It  is  on  rec(.ird  that  the  leaders  at   K])h- 


yOA'A'  TO  lIAIil'EirS  FEUliY.  3(U 

rata  often  visited  these  branches  of  the  parent  sneiety.  The  so-called  I'itjeon 
hills  in  thi'<  s^'ction  '.vere  named  after  an  KuLrlish  settler  named  Pid;re,in. 
Likewise  the  Krentz  Creek  \vas  iiame<l  after  a  settler  named  Kreis  or 
Greist.  Pulpit  and  Chimney  rocks  are  natural  objerts  tliat  have  eiii;;ia,.,l 
the  attention  of  photographers,  l^ound  Top  in  the  northern  jiart  of  the 
county  is  1110  feet  high,  and  lias  had  a  Signal  Si-rvice  Station  upon  it.  It 
is  the  highest  point  in  York  county.  Tiie  ' '  Parrens ' '  ha\e  already  been 
noted. 

The  Conewago  and  Codorns  creeks  ha\'e  interesting  associations  pertain- 
ing to  them.  During  Hoods  they  ha\  e  l.ieen  known  to  rise  frcmi  "2.j  to  40 
feet.  The  fall  of  the  Conewago  during  high  water  niaki^s  it  impetuous  and 
irresistable.  Some  of  its  curious  natural  features  near  its  outlet  at  York 
Haven  will  be  recalled  in  the  previous  pa{ier.  The  extent  of  territory  and 
peculiar  shape  of  Y'ork  county  ha\e  necessitated  numy  stage  lines,  but  the 
large  number  of  trolley  lines  in  operation  and  thdse  in  process  of  construc- 
tion will  confer  uiUold  benefits  upon  outlying  districts  uhich  thus  far  have 
not  been  readily  accessible. 

From  Hanover  tw(5  routes  westward  are  "pen  to  us.  That  to  the  left  is 
our  chosen  route  which  leads  through  Littlestown  and  Frederiek,  to  Mo- 
nocacy  on  the  Potomac,  i'roni  Hanover  to  Littlestown  is  three  miles,  while 
to  the  Maryland  border  it  is  a  distance  of  nine  miles.  Litth-stown  is  visible 
from  some  of  the  observatories  on  the  battlefield  of  Gettysburg.  It  is  dis- 
tant from  the  latter  about  12  miles.  The  town  contains  a  number  of 
churches  and  has  several  industries.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  good  agricultural 
comnuinity.  On  the  right  hand  our  route  will  lead  us  to  Gettyslnirg.  which 
is  from  l-")  to  17  miles  distant,  dejiending  upon  the  road  that  is  selected.  In 
fact,  Hanover  is  nearly  equi-distant  from  York  and  Gettysburg  l.>y  railriiad. 
while  the  distance  from  York  to  Gettysliurg  is  much  shorter  by  the  turn- 
pike (2S  milts)  than  by  railroad.  The  location  and  distances  of  all  these 
places  was  a  matter  of  great  importance  during  the  memorable  time  of  the 
Confederate    in\asion. 

Adams  has  existed  a[>art  from  York  county  since  ISOO.  In  addition  to  the 
Manor  of  Spingetsbury  which  was  laid  out  in  ^vhat  is  now  York  county 
propel",  another  mauor  was  laid  out  in  what  is  now  Adams  county,  known  as' 
the  "Manor  of  Masqui.  "  This  survey  was  ordered  by  Thomas  Penn  in  1741. 
to  emhirace  30,000  acres,  but  was  not  finally  made  until  1707,  when  the 
boundaries  were  marked  and  the  grand  total  of  acres  was  increased  to  43.- 
50<,>.  The  manor  was  sei'arated  by  ;i  nai'rn\v  stri[)  fnun  another  large  tract 
known  as  "<;arrMirs  Pelight."  This  latter  tract  was  surveyed  un<ler  Ma- 
rylanil,  April  ord.  \~.V1,  to  Charles,  Mary  and  Elinor  Carrcdl.  The  tract 
contained  about  .j.OOO  acres.  In  the  unsettled  condition  of  border  lines  be- 
tween the  [irovim-es  it  is  easily  concei\ed  what  difficulties  and  feuds  must 
have  arisen  among  the  early  settlers.  The  Germans,  the  English,  the  Friends 
and  the  Scotch-Irish  were  the  principal  settlers  of  the  county. 

The  lu-rthern  part  was  chielly  settled  by  the  Friends.  Two  of  their  meet- 
ing hciuses  at    Meuallen   and   York   Springs   remain.      Several   meeting  houst-s 


3G2  THE  I'J'LWHY fAAMA-Gi: h'M A  \. 

of  early  days  have  tlisapjieared,  luit  the  cemeteries  remain.  The  central  part, 
that  of  Marsh  Creek  and  IJock  Creek,  was  settled  chiefly  by  the  Scotch-Irish 
Presbyterians.  The  lower  ^larsh  Creek  church,  about  five  miles  to  the  west 
of  Gettysburg',  was  organized  about  17-10.  The  present  church  was  built 
of  stone  in  1790.  This  church  and  buryinjjj  ground  were  preceded  by  a  still 
earlier  one,  several  nules  distant.  In  these  graveyards  Archibald  McClean 
and  Hance  Hamilton  were  buried.  This  section  is"  embraced  in  the  battle- 
field. The  Lutherans  and  Reformed  were  well  rejireseuted  in  the  county. 
The  Catholics  are  strongly  represented  in  the  southeastern  port  of  the  county 
and  across  the  border  in  Maryland.  Several  miles  west  of  Hanover  and  Mc- 
Sherrystown  we  come  to  the  noted  Conewago  Chapel,  one  of  the  most  inter- 
esting jdaces  to  the  visitor.  It  is  situated  in  the  Conewago  Valley  in  Cono- 
wago  township.  It  will  be  noted  that  the  orthography  is  a  varying  quan- 
tity. It  is  taken  from  the  Indian  word  "  Caughnawaga, "  which  is  claimed 
to  mean  "the  rapids."  The  Germans  pronounced  it  "Kouowago, "  the 
English  and  Irish  "Canawaga."  The  Catholic  missionaries  wrote  it  ''Con- 
ewago" as  early  as  1740.  Accordingly,  those  who  use  "Cono"  follow  the 
German  derivation.  "Conewago"  is  claimed  to  be  tlie  correct  spelling  as 
applied  to  the  Chapel  and  the  Creek.  Custom,  however,  sanctions  the  use 
of  "Conowago"  as  applied  to  the  township.  The  Big  Conewago  Creek 
drains  the  slope  east  of  the  South  Mountain  or  Blue  Eidge  and  meanders 
through  York  county  and  empties  in  the  Susquehanna  as  observed,  at  York 
Ha^en.  The  Little  Conewago  winds  through  the  lower  valley  and  empties 
into  the  Big  Conewago  some  miles  above  its  mouth,  in  York  county.  It 
rises  about  on  the  dividing  line  of  the  Susquehanna  and  Potomac  water 
sheds.  We  shall  see  a  similar  water  shed  separating  the  waters  of  the 
Conococheague  and  Conodogwinit  in  Franklin  county  across  the  South 
Mountain. 

The  first  claim  on  the  land  here  was  held  by  the  CarroHs  from  Lord  Bal- 
timore. Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  the  last  surviving  of  the  50  signers 
of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  was  a  descendant  of  this  family.  This 
locality  was  probably  settled  as  early  as  1720,  although  missionaries  and 
traders  probably  visited  the  community  much  earlier.  Conewago  Chapel  is 
the  parent  church  from  which  the  Catholic  religion  spread  over  southern  and 
western  Maryland  into  Virginia;  also  along  the  frontiers  of  Pennsylvania 
into  the  very  heart  of  its  settlement,  Philadeli>hia,  it  is  claimed.  The 
churches  of  Hanover,  Littlestown,  Taneytov,n,  Bowmanville,  Gettysburg, 
Carlisle,  Harrisl)urg,  York,  Paradise  and  New  Oxford  are  all  fruits  of  the 
Conewago  missionary  labors. 

Conewago  is  a  thoroughly  Catholic  settlement.  It  has  been  estimated 
that  from  Hanover  to  Gettysburg,  east  to  west,  that  half  the  population  is 
Catholic.  From  O-xford  to  Littletown,  ten  miles,  north  and  south,  two-thirds 
of  the  population  is  Caholic.  One  can  travel  five  miles  along  any  road  with- 
in that  distance  from  the  Chapel  and  meet  almost  nothing  but  Catholics. 
There  are  Protestant  families  scattered  all  through  the  valley,  but  they  do 
not  make  up  one-tenth  of  the  population.     The  Catholic  church  is  generally 


YORK  TO  HARPEirS  FERRY.  363 

most  repvosonted  in  the  most  jiojnilons  centres,  but  here,  exoept'onally,  its 
great  strength  is  found  in  the  rural  regions.  The  land  is  limestone  and 
very  fertile.  It  has  come  down  to  tlie  descendants  of  the  original  settlers 
very  largely.  The  church  occupies  a  commanding  position  on  high  ground, 
and  affords  an  interesting  outlook  from  its  spire  for  miles  around.  The 
chapel  is  finely  frescoed,  and  the  v.alls  are  adorned  with  rare  and  beautiful 
paintings  which  are  much  admired  by  visitors. 

We  move  on,  taking  close  note  of  our  surroundings.  The  approach  to  the 
battlefield  of  Gettysburg  soon  becomes  evident.  Almost  every  spot  we  pass 
over  is  replete  with  intovosting  recollections  and  associations.  Visitors  to 
Gettysburg  sometimes  expect  to  see  a  field  in  which  a  battle  literally  oc- 
curred. AVheu  told  that  the  battle  really  covered  six  miU-s  square  or  3G 
square  miles,  the  reality  transcends  the  imagination.  Repeated  visits  ex- 
tending over  days,  weeks,  and  months,  fail  to  exhaust  the  countless  store  of 
riches  that  are  to  be  found  here.  The  tasteful,  ornate  monuments,  hundreds 
in  number,  erected  on  the  sites  of  the  three-days'  contest,  make  this  the 
best  marked  battlefield  in  the  wurld.  ^fore  than  twenty  miles  of  avenues, 
macadamized,  have  been  constructed.  Even  the  Confederate  lines  have  been 
marked,  avenues  constructed,  and  markers  erected.  The  guides  are  constantly 
pointing  out  and  repeating  the  salient  jioints  of  the  conflict  to  an  endless, 
unceasing  throng  of  visitors.  The  work  of  the  liistoriau  and  the  photogra- 
pher are  even  yet  in  progress.  Not  to  have  visited  this  interesting  spot  is 
to  have  missed  one  of  the  most  instructive  and  pleasing  experiences  of  a 
lifetime.  People  froin  every  part  of  the  civilized  world  are  to  be  found 
among  the  visitors.  Added  to  its  historic  interest,  the  scenic  effects  are 
beautiful  when  viewed  from  the  National  Cemetery  or  from  the  numerous 
observatories.  The  work  of  accumulating  facts  has  been  so  earnest  and  re- 
alistic that  the  work  of  the  poet  and  the  novelist  as  related  to  the  subject 
has  thus  far  remained  largely  in  abeyance.  However,  several  exceptions 
may  be  noted.     Bret  Ilarte  has  immortalized  old  John  Burns  and  tells: 

"How   through   the   ranks   in   whispers   some   men   saw 
Id  the  antique  vestments  and  long  white  hair 
The  Past  of  the  Nation  in  battle  there; 
And  some  of  the  soldiers  since  declare 
That  the  gleam  of  liis  old  white  hat  afar 
Like  the  crested  plunge  of  the  brave  Xavarre 
That   day  was  their   oritiamme  of   war." 

A  monument  to  the  memory  of  John  Burns  has  recently  been  dedicated'. 

The  story  of  Jennie  Wade,  the  only  woman  who  was  killed  at  Gettysburg, 
has  its  pathos  whose  story  has  often  been  told.  The  house  with  its  marks 
is  a  prominent  object  of  interest  to  visitors.  Even  the  college  and  seminary 
are  objects  of  additional  interest  aside  from  their  own,  owing  to  their  as- 
sociations with  the  battle. 

Instances  arp  recorded  of  men,  fighting  here  within  sight  of  their  homes 
and  firesides,  or  wlieie  tlie  ironv  of  fate  brought  a  wandering  son  from  the 


3G4  THE  PEXX^sYLVAMA-GKiniAy. 

Sunny  South  to  fight  on  the  site  of  his  parental  liome,  and  of  others  to 
perish  on  the  paternal  acres  of  their  kindred.  Instances  were  known  where 
Southern  Soldiers  on  the  nuireh  stopped  during  the  night  at  the  houses  of 
their  parents  here  and  next  morning  resumed  the  mareh.  The  op[)osing 
ranks  contained  brethren   an<l   kindred   in   luimeroiis   instances. 

We  take  our  leave  of  York  and  Adams  counties  fully  impressed  with  tlie 
interesting  associations  relating  to  tliem  of  which  but  the  Ijriefest  mention 
has  been  made.  We  will  resume  our  pilgrimage  at  the  Maryland  line.  We 
pass  through  tlie  western  part  of  Carroll  county  which  contains  such  well 
known  towns  as  Taneytown  and  Westminster.  These  places  were  promi- 
nent points  associated  with  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  where  nuich  reserve 
ammunition  and  war  material  was  held.  Here  we  cross  I'ipe  crei'k  which 
General  ^leade  originally  intended  should  be  his  line  of  battle  for  the 
coming  struggle.  We  soon  come  into  the  neigliborhood  of  the  Monocacy 
river,  which  is  formed  by  Marsh  aiul  Rock  creeks  which  rise  in  the  western 
part  of  Adams  county.  At  Bruceviile  v,e  cross  tlie  AYesteru  Maryland  rail- 
road and  enter  Frederick  county,  Maryland. 

A  distance  of  seventeen  miles  brings  us  to  Frederick,  a  town  situated  in 
a  highly  improveil  and  fertile  country.  It  was  laid  out  in  1745.  It  is 
substantially  built,  mostly  of  brick  and  stone.  It  was  largely  settled  by 
the  Gern'aiis  anuuig  whom  are  found  names  which  later  have  reaciie>,i  dis- 
tinction.* Among  them  were  the  ancestiu's  of  Admiral  Schley  and  of 
Francis  Scott  Key  (1779  1^4:!)  the  author  of  the  Star  Spangled  Banner, 
written  during  the  battle  and  bombanlment  of  Fort  McHenry  at  Baltinu)re 
in  1S14.  A  monument  has  been  dedicated  to  his  memory  in  the  Frederick 
cemetery.  During  the  Kebellion,  on  several  occasions,  the  town  was  occu- 
pied by  the  op[tosing  forces.  On  one  of  these  occasions  Dame  Barbara 
Fritchie,  who  \Aas  a  resident,  was  immortalized  liy  Whittiei'  to  wit: 

"Up  rose  old  Barbara  Fritchie  then 
Bowed  with  her  four  score  years  and  ten; 
Bravest  of  all  in  Frederick  town, 
Slie    took    up    the    flag    the    men    hauled    down; 
In  her  attic  \\indow  tlie  stall'  she  set 
To  show  that  one  heart  was  loval  vet. 


•■'ArouiiJ  it  cUisti-r  lUMce  ass'iciati'Mis  with  AtiuM-ica's  '.'nlnuial  lift-,  than  atiout  any 
Otber  tiiwii.  fxi;i-iil  A!!iia|n>li>;,  iu  tljc  oiil  Stale  ■■i  .Mar\laiul.  ilcie,  upuii  "ijld  Uar- 
rack's  Hill,"  stai.il  tuday,  in  ttio  n-ar  of  tlif  Sfiitc  ln>tiiuto  foi-  tlie  JJcaf  and  Dniub, 
tho    stone    banacks    wliicli    \M.'re    oii'CtL'd    during    tlio    iciuu    ••(    the    "good    ijueon    Anue" 


LiiL"     Mont;     uaiiacK:^     v\nicii     \\uif     civctL'U     tiui  lu^     iiio     iviuii     "i      Lue        yottu     '^n.ecii     ^a.iiuc 

for  the  reception  of  froiich  lU'isoiiers.  aiul  in  which,  in  1T.jK  (loor.iro  Washiiijrton,  the 
youthful  aid-do-cauip  of  lIoiiiTal  lUaddock,  met  in  C'cuncil  with  his  General  and  Hen- 
jauiin  Franklin  v.liiie  eiiroiite  for  tho  scene  of  I'.raddock's  memorable  defeat.  Uere 
Charles  L'arridl,  of  L'arroljton,  spent  ilays  and  seeeks  diirins  hU  historic  career,  the 
center  of  a  circle  of  friends,  whose  minds  were  as  hii-'hly  cultured  and  whos»-  uianuera 
as  urbane  as  his  own.  Hero  the  venerable  General  ScolC  w.as  arrai^irncd,  in  lS4it.  to 
answer  char.ses  preferret!  au'ainst  him  by  General  I'illow.  Here  Iloirer  K.  Taiiev,  L'hief 
Justice  of  the  Sniireme  Court  of  the  United  States,  lived  during  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury. And  here,  iu  1T7!I,  was  bom  Fran<-is  Sci-tt  Key,  the  author  of  our  National 
anthem.  "The  star  Spaiu-  .1  Itauner."- — Mrs.  Nellie  lUessini:-E\  ster  in  "The  New 
Voice,"    of   .Tiily   s,    \^W>. 


YORK  TO  HAUPEir^  FERRY.  3(J5 

All  day  long  that  free  flag  tost 
Over  the  heads  of  the  rebel  host. 

Over  EarViara   Fritcliie's  grave 
Flag  of  Freedom  and  Union  -^vave. " 

^Yhcthpr  the  poet  of  humanity  a'.ailed  himself  of  the  usual  poetic  license 
may  be  an  open  questinn,  but  the  fame  of  Barbara  Fritcliie,  like  that  of  old 
John  Burns,  is  semire  in  the  atTections  of  a  liberty  loving  jieople-.  Frederick 
is  three  miles  from  the  Baltimore  division  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  rail- 
road. The  ^\'ashingtou  liraiich  of  tlie  road  unites  uitli  the  former  at 
"Washington  Junction  about  fifteen  miles  southwest  of  Frederick.  The 
road  from  AVashington  folloAvs  the  Maryland  side  of  the  Potomac  to  Har- 
per's Ferry,  where  it  crosses  the  river  and  proceeds  to  Martiusburg  and 
along  the  banks  of  tlio  Potomac  to  ( 'umljerland.  From  liere  the  nmin  line 
divides,  giving  off  branches  to  .Tohnstown,  Pittsluirg,  Grafton,  Parkersburg 
and  Wheeling  on  the  Ohio  ri\  er.  Tb.e  tirst  line  of  eommuniration  ;u:-ross 
the  mountains  of  tliis  se;-tion  was  the  National  Road  wliicli  was  surveyed  by 
George  Washingti  n.  The  cornerstone  of  the  Baltinuire  and  Ohio  railroad 
was  laid  July  -1th.  iM's.  Baltimore,  wliere  the  railroad  liad  its  beginning, 
held  aloft  the  "Star  Spangled  Banner"  through  the  tire  and  smoke  of  the 
war  of  ISl'J.  Tu  fact,  tliis  section  has  been  associated  witli  nearly  all  the 
wars  of  this  great  Republic.  It  was  the  first  railroad  in  the  Union  and 
during  the  rebellion  it  ^\as  also  the  most  disturljed,  as  it  was  from  first  to 
last  iu  the  pathway  iif  both  armies.  Near  its  line,  or  but  a  short  distance 
from  it,  more  than  oni'  hundreil  and  fifty  engagements  took  place  ranging 
from  Grafton,  I'liilip[>i  and  Cumberland,  clear  down  to  the  defences  of 
Washington.  The  Potomac  was  crossed  by  the  armies,  from  Cumberland 
and  Hancock  to  Washington,  repeatedly.  In  fact  this  line  was  constantly 
menaced  by  the  Confederates.  The  course  of  the  river  from  its  source  to 
its  mouth  is  so  circuitous  and  the  direction  of  the  mountains  vary  so  nuieh 
that  the  points  <if  tlie  compass  to  tlie  uninitiated  are  likely  to  become  con- 
fused in  tliis  section.  But  a  short  ilistance  from  Frederick,  at  the  passes 
of  the  South  Mountain,  occurred  the  liattle  that  goes  by  that  name.  Across 
the  mountain  is  tlie  valley  of  the  Antietam  in  which  occurred  the  notable 
battle  that  goes  by  that  name. 

But  from  Frederick  to  the  nu)uth  of  the  Monocacy  is  a  distance  of  ten 
miles  or  more.  This  was  wliere  tiie  road  \\iiich  (Muumenced  at  the  Susque- 
hanna terminated  at  tlie  "Monocacy  Settlement"  near  and  on  the  Poto- 
mac. Here  is  where  occurred  the  battle  of  that  name  in  lStJ-1  to  retard 
General  Early's  advance  upon  Wasiiington  when  Grant  was  sorely  pres.sing 
upon  Richmond. 

Our  objective  aim  is  Winchester,  tlue  west  from  Monocacy  some  distance 
across  the  Potomac.  But  we  shall  leave  that  as  ;i  terminus  for  another  pil- 
grimage from  the  Suscjuehanna  at  Harrisburg  tiirough  the  Cumberland 
Valley,  continued  down  the  Shenandoah  Valley  to  Winchester  and  beyond, 
which  will  be  gi\en  in  another  paper.     In  the  meanwhile  we  will  continue  our 


366 


THE  I'h'yXS YL 1  AMA-GinniA .Y, 


pilgrimage  in  the  present  paper  passing  along  the  Potomac  river,  and  the 
Cliesapeake  ami  Ohio  canal,  which  has  accompanied  it  from  Georgetown  and 
■s\ill  contiue  to  do  so  till  it  reaches  Cumberland.  We  pass  the  head  of  the 
ridges  of  C'atoctin  Mountain  anil  the  intervening  Catoctin  valley  between 
those  ranges  and  the  Blade  Kidge  pro[ier.  This  valley  contains  saich  towns 
as  Burkittsville  and  ]\Ii<hlletown.     This  section  contains  the  home  of  George 


^  t 


4 


Six.  ■»-»-- 


mn  ■^tfciV  j..j^6!»-^_jfJt^ 


-    -      s    .         ^  » 
'    -  r  J • 


'U 


Ir^A'-'k 


THE  STEPS  TO  THE  OLD  CHURCH, 

HARPER'S   FERRY,    WEST    VIRGINIA. 

By   special   perinTsslon   of   the    "■\Voiuni\'s   Flume   Companion." 

Alfred  To^vnsend  (Gath),  a  noted  correspondent,  the  author  of  "Katy  of 
Catoctin,"  a  realistic  tale  containing  strong  local  coloring  with  episodes 
in  the  lives  of  John  Brown  and  John  Wilkes  Booth.  A  distance  north  of 
thirty-five  miles  brings  us  to  Pen-Mar  which  is  on  the  borders  of  Mary- 
land and  Pennsylvania.  Here  Washington  county,  Maryland,  and  Franklin 
and  Adams  counties,  Pa.,  are  contiguous.  Pen  Mar  is  a  noted  summer  re- 
sort -with  its  observatories  of  High  Rock  and  Quirauck  which  show  the 
surrounding   countn,-    all    around    to    a    great    distance.      In    fact    here,    the 


YORK  TO  UARl'KirS  FlUmV. 


y(JT 


South  Mountain  beneath  one,  can  be  studied  in  its  details  and  the  valleys 
observed  on  either  side,  the  distance  across  the  mountain  and  its  ranges 
being  no  less  than  fifteen  miles. 

Passing  up  the  river  we  reach  Weverton,  the  point  of  intersection  of  the 
railway  that  runs  from  llagerstown  across  part  of  the  Antietam  batilefield 
and  passing  through  tlie  gaps  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  reai-lies  the  Baltimore  and 


f.'^ 


L-^ 


LasLi-L. 


(«•:•     ,  **' 


(f.. 


^i..„v»^^ 


■'JA 


■1 


THE    OLD    STONE    MILL,    NEAR    JOHN    BROWN'S    CAVE 
HARPER'S    FERRY. 

By   special   piTuiission   of    the    "Woman's   Home   Companion." 


Ohio  railroad.  TVe  now  reach  Sandy  Hook,  noted  as  the  place  where  John 
Brown  and  his  son  stopped  on  their  first  advent  into  ^laryland  and  Vir- 
ginia. Passing  on,  Harper's  Ferry  breaks  upon  our  view,  a  place  second 
to  no  other  in  historic  interest. 

About  1747  Robert  Harper,  an  Englishman  from  Philadelphia,  under- 
took to  build  a  meeting  house  for  the  Friends  on  the  Qpequan  river  near  the 
present  tov.n  of  Winchester  which  was  founded  in  1752.  He  traveled  on 
horseback  over   the  ^Monocacy   road.     He  lodged  one  night   at   a   tavern   in 


3G.8 


THE  PIJWSVL]  A  \I.{-Gi:RMAy. 


Frederick  where  he  heard  of  a  short  route  to  the  Opequan,  leadiug  through 
a  remarkable  region  ealled  ''The  Hole''  on  tlie  bank  of  the  Potuniac;  and 
so  turning  aside  from  the  road  to  Antietam  and  Slie}>herdsto\vn,  which  he 
had  meant  to  take,  he  rode  the  next  day  to  the  junction  of  the  Potonuic  and 
Shenandoah,  and  saw  f(jr  the  first  time  the  striking  bv.euery  wliieh  ye>ars 
afterward  he  siiowed  to  Thomas  JelVfrson.  He  found  a  squatter  upon  it, 
whom  he  bought  out.     Then  going  to  Lord  Fairfax,   the  proprietor,  he  ob- 


4*> 


( -rt' ! 


^ 


.5***/  5*°'  V^^, 


^^ 


«^f 


J:'Ti' 


^  '  #^^*% 

*^ " ; 

s0»-..      \ 

fe  ^-^ 

-.J- 

|-*-i  ! 

^              ^   -*   T 

I  ii 

t.a,  ^   1 

•^  > ,     \ 

■n       J^^:% 

,¥C3'    i      5 

■      .,_f-X--~.^j^    - 

.^T'^rS..  ft.. 

.v;'^sa 

.#i?%< 


B  <>•'"*  i-^a       s^-i^     "♦"  Oi 


.^:^*% 


JOHN    EROWN     AND     HIS     FOLLOWERS. 


tained  a  [latent.  Proliabiy  the  first  survey  of  the  trnct  was  made  in  that 
year  by  iTeurge  Washington  as  he  surveyed  in  that  loi-ality  at  tlmt  time. 
"Washington,  it  is  also  s-aid,  selected  the  ''Ferry''  as  tlie  site  of  a  national 
armory  in  17P4.  Ttie  scenerv  of  this  regi(m  in  the  days  of  Washington  and 
Jefferson  has  been  <lt^cribed  by  the  latter  in  a  passage  often  quoted  from 
his  "Notes  of  Virginia,"  which  tradition  relates  were  written  from  a  rock 
bearing  his  name,  overlonking  tlie  scene,  before  the  death  of  Harper  in  17S2. 
"You  stand,"  says  Jefferson,  ''on  a  very  high  point  of  land;  on  your 
right  comes  up  the  Slumandoali  having  ranged  along  the  foot  of  the  nmun- 
taiu  a  hundred  mil'^s  to  find  a  vent;  on  yiur  h?ft  a[ipriiaclies  the  Potomac  in 


YORK  TO  IIARI'EIi\S  FERRY 


3G9 


quest  of  a  passage  also.  In  the  moiiieiit  of  their  juuction  they  rush  to- 
gether against  the  mountain,  rend  it  asunder  and  pass  oft'  to  the  sea.  The 
scene  is  worth  a  voyage  across  the  Atlantic.  Yet  here  are  people  who  have 
passed  their  lives  witliin  half  a  dozen  miles  and  have  never  been  to  see  these 
monuments  of  war  between  rivers  anel  mountains  which  must  have  shaken 
the  earth  itself  to  its  center." 


X  - 


H 


£■,  v:-.. 


^' ^^"^    * 


HARPER'S    FERRY,    NEAR    JOHN    BROWN'S    FORT. 
By    spfchil    iit-rmissioii    of    the    "Wouian's    Ilunie    ConiiKiuiiui." 


Around  the  junction  of  these  rivers  during  the  existence  of  the  armory 
and  arsenal,  a  town  of  three  or  four  thousand  inhabitants  had  grown  up  in 
a  period  of  some  sixty  years  while  the  government  works  existed.  On  the 
northern  side  of  the  Potonuic  rise  the  ^Tartdand  Heights  almost  perpen- 
dicularly  from    the    ri  er's    bank    and    l.:>00    feet    above   it.      The   London 


370 


Tilt:  I'lJ.W.SYLWWIA-aL'lLU.W. 


Heights  across  the  Slienandoah  are  lower,  but  both  heights  overtop  the 
"Heights  of  P.nlivnr"  along  which  the  town  is  strung.  Both  the  former 
heights  make  the  plai-e  untenable  for  an  army  as  was  frequently  demon- 
strated during  the  Civil  War.  The  rivers  are  crossed  by  bridges.  At  low 
water   numerous   rocks   are  visible   in    the   Potomac   and   Shenandoah,   some 


A    MARYLAND    ROAD— AT    THIS    SPOT    STOOD 
THE   JOHN    BROWN    SCHOOL-HOUSE. 

By    special    permission   of   the    "Woiiiairs   Home   Coiupaiiion." 


of  which  have  become  memorable.     The  place  is  situated  in  Jefferson  county 
which  is  now   in   West  Virginia. 

This  county  contained  a  large  number  of  slaves,  while  Washington  county, 
Maryland,  just  across  the  river,  posses>sed  comparatively  few.  The  place 
is  at  the  head  and  opens  into  the  great  Valley  of  Virginia.  A  branch  rail- 
roa<l  runs  down  to  Winchester  and  bevond.     The  Slienandoah  Vallev  railroad 


10/t'A'  TO  HMU'KirS  FERRY 


371 


runs  down  the  valley  crossing  tlie  Potomac  at  Shoi.herastown  some  miles 
above  Harper's  Ferry.  ]t  begins  at  Hag.'rstown  ami  also  crosses  another 
portion  of  Antietam  battlefield.  A  third  road,  the  Ciunberland  Valley,  ex- 
tends from  llarrisburg  to  Chambersburg.  Hagerstown  and.  crossing  the 
river  at  Falling  Waters  still  liiglier  above,  it  goes  on  to  Martinsburg  and 
thence  to  Winch.ster,  one  hundred  and  sixteen  miles  from  its  beginning. 

There  is  nuu-h  tliat  will  bear  careful  study  in  this  neighborhood  embrac- 
ing its  natural  and  social  features.     It  is  about  sixty  miles  from  Baltimore, 


{/^ 


^'^.' 


^  'f' 


^^■"•'V, 


j"'r^* 


i 


i^>#«ito>-:>,-"-l...:v>^  -%.-,jr.^,  »"„-^,„..r  j;,j^  » « JAt"^ .    ' ' . .  ^a'\  >  \  :.^.  ^^^v'-^j^^.-^t-i^  ,  "^  ^ 


LOOKING  DOWN  THE  POTOMAC  VALI.EY 
FROM  THE  MOUTH  OF  THE  SHENANDOAH,  HARPER'S  FERRY. 

By    special    iiormisston    of    tlip    "Woiimn's    Ilnme    Conipanlnii.  " 

eighty  from  Washington,  about  tuenty-five  from  Frederick  and  about  the 
same  di.?tance  from  Hagerstown.  The  distance  from  ilartinsburg  is  about 
fifteen  to  twenty  ndles,  while  to  Winchester  is  over  twenty-five  miles.  These 
locations  and  distances  were  important  especiallv  during  the  davs  of  the 
Civil  War. 

Martinsburg,  Harper's  Ferry  and  Winchester  have  been  prominent  points 
for  the  initiation  or  beginning  of  certain  movements  which  radiated  from 
them  as  a  center.  From  the  first  began  the  great  strike  of  1877;  from  the 
second  the  foray  of  John  Brown  which  brought  the  slaverv  conflict  from  the 
plains  of  Kansas  to  the  mountains  of  Virginia.  Tiie  part  of  the  third 
will  be  sho^^n  later.     l?ut  it  is  the  second  that  we  will  notice  in  this  corncc- 


372 


THE  PExy.s YL 1 .1  \i\-(ji:ir]i. \  \. 


tion.  In  June,  1S59,  John  Brown  and  sons,  then  known  as  "Smith  &  Sous  " 
appeared  in  ChamborsJiurg  and  after  a  time  appeared  at  Hagerstown  nnd 
later  in  the  neighborhood  of  Harper's  Ferry,  renting  Mhat  was  known  as 
the  Keun..ly  farm  on  the  Maryhind  side  of  the  Potomac,  some  five  mile=* 
distant  from  Harper's  Ferry.  They  traversed  and  acquainted  themselves 
with  the  country-  in  all  directions  and  actually  acquired  a  better  knowledrre 
of  it  than  the  native  inhabitants.  '^ 

His   object,   as   all   the   world   now   knows,   was   "to   carrj-   the   war   into 
Africa  "-to  meet  slavery  on  its  own  ground,  to  make  the  institution  inse- 


.  \ 


Vt*ti^k.,lM.^^^t,fi^ 


"•^  *--*^  —iPlffnl 


^ 


THE    CHURCH    JOHN    BROWN    ATTENDED    IN    MARYLAND, 
NEAR      HARPER'S      FERRY. 
By    specia.    porniis.sion   of    tlic    '■\VonM\n&   Home   Compatiiou." 

cure  and  thus  unprofitable.  The  ^[ecca  of  Freedom  had  within  the  last 
decade,  especially  been  removed  from  Mason  and  Dixon's  line  beyond  the 
Canadian  border.  The  north  star  had  been  the  pillar  of  fire  which  by 
night  guided  the  fugitive  to  the  land  of  ja-omise. 

While  this  was  an  a^enue  that  in  the  aggregate  led  large  numbers  to 
freedom,  yet  the  soul  of  John  Brown  chafed  with  impatience  to  do  a  stroke 
for  humanity  Mhich  would  reverberate  down  through  the  ages.  We  can 
recall  how  mad  the  undertaking  then  seemed,  but  we,  too,  recall  how  in  less 
than  four  years  the  legions  of  the  Xorth  went  South  to  the  strain  of  "Glory, 
Ghiry  Hallelujah.'-  Xo  other  song  reached  its  popularity  with  the  soldiers 
of  the  Civil  War— whole  regiments  ?inging  it  on  tlio  march. 


YORK  TO  HARl'in?-S  FERRY.  'Slli 

Brown  was  a  man  of  striking  individuality,  austere  in  manner,  and  tena- 
cious in  his  convictions.  Jle  held  that  to  eompioiniso  with  error  was  an 
inconsistency  that  was  un[)ardona]ih'.  He  believed  that  Truth  should  grap- 
ple with  error  and  that  in  the  end  it  had  nothing  to  fear  in  the  encounter. 
Whatever  we  may  think  of  Jcihn  Brown's  methods,  the  world  has  long 
since  acknowledged  his  sincerity  and  bravery.  Moral  heroes  in  a  world 
affected  by  compromises  are  none  too  plentiful  and  when  one  is  found  who 
stands  for  principle,  even  at  the  expense  of  life  and  reputation,  he  is  sure 
to  be  canonized  in  the  pages  of  histor}'.  Or  as  Eugene  Ware  in  his 
"Rhymes  of   Iron-quilT '  beautifully  says: 

"All  merit  conies  from  braving  the  unequal; 
All  glory  comes  from  daring  to  begin. 
Fame  loves  the  State  that,  reckless  of  the  sequel, 
Fights  long  and  well,  whether  it  lose   or  win. 
■  *****  * 

John     Brown     of     Kansas, 
He  dared  liegiu. 

-     He  lost, 
But  losing,  won. '' 

With  twenty-one  followers  as  a  forlorn  hope  he  entered  the  arena  and 
when  summoned  to  surrender  he  exclaimed:  "I  prefer  to  die  here."  Colonel 
Washington,  one  of  his  hostages,  said  "that  Brown,  witli  one  son  dead  by 
his  side  and  another  dying,  he  felt  the  [lulse  of  his  dying  sun  with  oue  hand, 
and  held  his  rifle  in  the  other.  When  that  pulse  was  stdled  he  straightened 
out  his  limbs,  took  otf  his  trapjiings  and  remarkeil  to  me,  'This  is  the 
third  son  I  have  lost  in  this  cause.'  " 

During  the  fight  Brown  wore  the  sword  taken  from  Colonel  Washington, 
which  tradition  said  had  been  given  l>y  Frederick  the  Great  to  George 
W'ashington. 

This  sword  Washington  was  ordered  to  surrender  to  the  colored  man,  0. 
P.  Anderson,  who  in  the  slave  code  was  but  a  "thing,"'  aad  the  act  was  to 
teach  slaveholders  the  signiticance  of  the  newly  found  manhood  by  the 
"thing."  If  there  was  niadness  in  these  actions  there  was  method  in 
them.  But  the  end  came  and  with  it  Colonel  Robert  E.  Ltn?,  whose  marines 
stormed  the  engine  liouse  and  overpowered  its  brave  defenders.  It  is 
significant  that  Tee  five  years  later  surrendered  his  own  sword  to  General 
Grant   at   Apiioinattdx. 

The  demeanor  of  Brnwn  when  i-aiituted.  an<l  thmugh  his  trial  and  during 
his  coutinen:ent  before  execution  arrested  the  attention  of  tlie  world,  by  his 
utterances  an<l  the  words  he  left  on  record.  Efforts  were  made  to  save  him 
from  his  fate,  but  without  avail.  Before  the  execution  Edmund  Clarence 
Steilmau  in  his  [njeni  "John  Brown  of  Osawatomie, "  had  made  an  appeal 
to  the  Virginians  to  exercise  mercy  in  tiieir  own  interests,  as  the  death  of 
Brown  would  be  sure  to  eiy  for  vengeance. 
"But,  Virginians,  don't  do  it,  for  I   tell  you  that  the  tlagon 

Filled   witli    bl I    of    old    lit\.un\    o|V-priiig    was    first    poured    In-    South- 
ern hands; 


374 


THE  i'r:\\>!yL i '. i  v/. {-cerm. \ x. 


Anrl.oacli  drop  of  oM  Bvo^vn's  life  v,.ins.  like  the  re,l  goro  of  the  clra<^on 
May  spriiicr  up  a  vengeful  fury,  bis.sin^  thr.u,oh  your  slave  worn   L-uiis! 


And  Old  I^rown, 
Osawatoinie  Bruwii, 

May  trouble  you  more  than  ever  when  you've  nailed  his  cotTin  down." 

Prophetic  words  that  came  true  five  years  later! 

To  all  efforts  to  save  him,  whether  thi^ough  the  plea  of  irresponsibilitv  or 
by  pardon,  or  rescue,  the  old  hero  turned  a  deaf  ear.  He  considered  him'self 
he  dech,red,  "worth  inconceivably  more  to  be  hung  in  this  cause  than  to 
be  used  m  any  other  way."  He  further  added,  "1  expcx-t  nothing  but  to 
endure  hardship,  l,ut  I  expect  to  a.ddeve  a  great  victorv  even  though  it  be 
like  the  last  victory  of  Samson."  But  Virginia  demanded  "the  pound 
of  flesh,  an.l  wuh  John  Wilke.s  Booth  as  one  of  the  guards  around  the  scaf- 
fold Brown  paid  the  forfeit.  In  five  years  Booth  became  a  red  handed 
murderer  of  the  Nation's  Head,  but  retribution  was  swift  in  the  hands  of 
Boston  Corbett. 

From  all  sections  in  the  Xorth  came  words  of  praise  or  censure  From 
across  the  sea  came  the  medal  sent  by  Va-tor  Hugo,  Louis  Blane  and  others 
to  Brown  s  family,  which  is  now  jealously  guarded  by  the  Kansas  Histori- 
cal bociety,  which  has  inscribed  upon  it : 

To  the  memory  of 
JOHX  BROWN. 

Legally  assassinated  at  Charlestown,  December  2,  1859,  and  to  those  of  his  ' 
bons^and  of  His  Companions,  Dead  Victims  of  their  Devotion  to  the  Cause 
of  Liberty  of  the   Blacks." 

John  Brown  was  buried  at  his  home  in  the  Adirondacks  in  New  York  at 
the  great  boulder  he  loved  so  well  in  life,  by  his  request.  Since  then  eleven 
of  his  twenty-one  followers  have  been  re-interred  there  also,  aloncrside  of 
their  old  leader.  The  John  Brown  home  has  now  passed  into  the^are  of 
the  State. 

Thus  ended  one  of  the  most  tragic  and  noted  episodes  in  American 
historr. 


THE    DELONG    FAMILY   IN    AMERICA. 

KY    THE   EDITOR. 

TIlROrClT  the  united  and  energetic  work  of  the  present  generation  of 
JX^Long's  several  annual  fanyly  reunions  have  been  held  and  con- 
siderable  genealogical    data    unearthed,    that,    but    for    this    fresh 
stimulus  and  combined  ettort,  should  have  been  lost. 

Yet  a  number  of  desirable  points  remain  thus  far  unexplored.  It  is  not 
absolutely  certain  what  was  the  locality  whence  the  original  immigrant 
came;  nor  the  particular  history  of  same  family  immediately  preceding  their 
departure  from  the  old  world;  nor  the  exact  time  and  port  of  embarkation; 
nor  the  history  of  same  ancestor  preceding  his  taking  up  of  land  in  what  is 
DOW  Berks  county,  Pa.  From  that  time  on  (June,  173S),  the  genealogical 
stream  can  be  tolerably  clearly  traced — the  family  tree  outlined  into  its 
outbranching  ramifications. 

But  it  is  cjuite  dear  from  name,  physical  features  and  religious  faith,  that 
the  family  shared  the  blood,  the  reverses  and  exjieriences  of  the  French 
Huguenots,  who  were  cruelly  driven  from  their  native  country  towards  the 
close  of  the  seventeenth  ccniury  to  find  temporary  refuge  in  the  mountain 
fastnesses  of  Protestant  Switzerland  and  the  Palatinate.  Here  their  Re- 
formed faith  was  developed  and  their  French  speech  mixed  with,  and 
exchanged  for  tlie  Palatine  dialect,  which  the  large  German  emigration 
brought  to  and  perpetuated  in  Eastern  Pennsylvania.  Indeed  this  is  all 
historically  claimed.  (See  Stapleton's  "  :Memoirs  of  the  Huguenots,"  p. 
seventy-four.) 

It  is  known,  too,  that  the  original  ancestor,  or  ancestors,  entered  Amer- 
ica by  the  port  of  New  York  and  took  up  temporary  abode  in  that  province 
before  coming  to  Pennsylvania.  Was  it  in  the  seaport  city,  at  New 
Rochelle,  where  n;any  French  Huguenots  settled  and  named  the  colony  after 
the.  storm  center  of  the  old  France,  or  up  the  Hudson,  where  a  large  colony 
of  Germans  had  settled  in  1710?  (The  Military  Records  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  between  years  17S3-]S'21,  show  a  number  of  DeLongs  to  have 
been  in  service  from  that  State.) 

Doubtless  moved  by  the  permanent  settlement  of  many  of  his  countrymen, 
from  among  the  Huguenots  and  Palatines  in  the  townships  of  Oley  and 
Maxatawny,  then  Philadelphia,  now  Berks  county,  Pa.,  it  is  known  that 
Peter  DeLong,  regarded  by  present  descendants  as  the  original  American 
ancestor,  came  to  settle  in  this  section  of  Pennsylvania  in  the  year  173S. 
There  are  records  in  the  General  Land  Offices  of  the  Stale,  showing  that 
on  the  27th  of  June  of  thi,^  year  (1738),  a  patent  was  granted  said  Peter 
DeLong  for  1S7  acres  of  land,  situated  where  the  present  village  of  Bowers 
Station  is  located,  on  the  Fast  Penu  Branch  of  the  Philadelphia  and  Reading 
Railroad,  about  sixteen  miles  northeast  of  Reading,  Pa.  This  tract  was  sur- 
veyed in  1740.  It  was  a  wise  choice,  showing  native  shrewdness  and  fore- 
sight. The  soil  is  rich,  the  land  level,  doubtless  well  timbered  at  that  time, 
as  still  at  this  la  i  day  it  contains  a  grove  of  about  sLs  acres  of  stout  and 


3TG  THE  PEWSYfAAXI A-GERMAy. 

kingly  oaks;  and  the  clear  anJ  beautiful  Sauoon  oreek,  rising  in  the  hills 
to  the  south,  floueil  through  the  tract  on  its  \Yay  to  the  Antelaunee  or 
Maiden  creek,  towards  the  north,  which  in  turn  is  swallowed  up  by  the 
Schuylkill  just  above  Reading.  We  give  here  a  diagram  of  the  DeLong 
Homestead  Plot,  as  copied  by  Rev.  \V.  F.  DeLoug,  of  Annnville,  Pa.,  from 
the  State's  Records  at  Harrisburg: 


610    E     2S4 


1003^    Acbres— MICH.    D.    LONG 


__l 


Henry      E.  Adams 

a 

O 

s 

K 
ZD 


By  virtue  of  a  warrant  dated  the  27th  day  of  June,  173S,  surveyed  the 
16th  day  of  April.  1740,  to  Peter  Long,  the  above  described  tract  of  land, 
situated  between  Oley  and  Maxatawny  in  the  County  of  Philadelphia,  con- 
taining 1S6  acres  and  105  perches,  with  the  allowance  of  6  per  cent.,  pr. 
Edw.  Scull.  The  100  7-8  acres  Returned,  Sec,,  '25  Xo\  ember,  1785,  for 
Michael  DeLong  in  part  of  ye  above. 

Pi.T£R  Long,  1S5  acres.  17  a.  43  per.,  3  June,  1S2S. 

Phila.  Co.  S3  a.,  28  per.,  10  July,  1S2S. 

100  7-8  acres,  25  Nov.,  17S5.  Fees,  $1.50. 

In  October,  1759,  towards  the  close  of  his  life,  this  pious  Reformed 
Huguenot  gave  of  his  land  two  acres  for  church  purposes,  as  is  plain  from 
the  following  quaint  document,  written  originally  in  Geraian  Script,  and 
carefully  preserved  among  the  archives  of  the  DeLong  's  Church,  which,  un- 
der separate  pastorates,  has  survived  a  century  and  a  half  and  whose  flock 
still  containing  many  lineal  descendants,  now  worships  in  the  fourth  or  fifth 
edifice. 


THE  DELOXG  FAMILY.  37? 

GIFT  OF  LAND. 

Maxata\vny  Township,  Oct.  8,  1759. 
"\Yir  unterschreibcr,  Peter  DeLoBg  un  meine  ehlige  Ilausfrau,  Eva  Eliza- 
beth DeLong,  bekenncu  hierniit  uiid  in  krat't  unserer  eigenen  handunters- 
chrift  dass  wir  an  die  Eeformirte  Gcmeinde  gesehenkt  und  (iberhissen  haben 
niimlich  zwei  Acher  lant  dass  eine  Evangelisehe  Keforniirte  Kirclie  und 
Schulhaus  daraiif  soil  gebaut  werden,  und  liegt  dieses  land  an  unserer 
Plantashe  wo  wir  albereits  wohnen  in  Maxatawny  Township,  in  Berks 
County,  einseitz  Andreas  Haak,  andrcrseitz  "ihm  lang  selbsten, "  und  soli 
dieses  lant  nieht  nur  auf  eine  kurze  Zeit  iibcr  lassen  und  gersohenket  sein, 
sondern  so  lang  Sonn  und  Mond  am  Ilimmel  scheinen  und  die  AVasser-tiiisse 
ihrec  lauf  haben  dass  weder  wir  noch  unsere  erber  kein  recht  .  .  .  daran 
zusuchen  noch  zu  fodern  haben,  sondern  gleich  einem  andern  gemeinde  glied. 
Pies  aber  ohnzerbrechlieh  und  zu  bekraftigen  haben  wir  uns  bei  zeugen 
eigenhiindig  untcrschrieben. 

PlJETER   DeLANGH, 

Eva  Elizabeth  Delongh. 

X 

Ihr  Handzeig. 

Heinkig  Luckenbill, 
Jacob  Gieadix. 

It  is  significant  that  a  long  list  of  staunch  F'rotestaut  heralds  of  the  cross 
has  sprung  from  the  loins  cf  this  plain,  but  God-fearing  and  persecuted, 
defender  and  promoter  of  the  faith.  They  have  not  all  borne  his  name,  nor 
subscribed  to  the  Eeformed  tenets  of  faith,  but,  without  ecclesiastical  and 
doctrinal  hair-splitting,  which  characterized  that  day,  they  have  gone  on,  in 
several  dift'erent  communions,  taking  high  rank  among  the  promoters  of  our 
Master's  common  Kingdom. 

Towards  the  end  of  his  life  Peter  DeLong  made  a  will,  from  the  German 
text  of  which  the  following  is  a  translation.  The  same  was  copied  verbatim 
from  the  county  records  at  Eeading. 

THE  WILL.  . 

Translation  from   the  German  Original  of  the  last   H'ill  and  Testament  of 

of  Peter  DeLangh. 

In  the  name  ci  the  Lord,  Amen — -T,  Peter  De  Lang,  of  ^laxatawny,  in 
Berks  Co.,  as  it  pleases  God  to  lay  me  down  in  sickness,  and  not  knowing 
how  soon  God  shall  call  me  out  of  this  world,  and  am  yet,  God  be  thanked, 
in  good  understanding  and  memory,  I  hereby  will  thus  order  my  goods  and 
movables,  and  that  in  the  presence  of  two  witnesses,  as  follows: 

First,  my  three  sons,  to  wit,  John  and  Heinrich  and  Jacob,  shall  have  my 
right  in  the  land  which  I  bought  of  the  Secretary  and  shall  pay  for  the  same 
in  my  name  and  shall  divide  it  regularly  among  them  and  John  shall  give 
Jacob  one  acre  of  bis  meadow. 


378 


THE  PEyySYLVA XIA-GEiniAN. 


Secornlly,  this  is  my  uill  that  uiy  two  sons,  to  wit,  Michael  and  Abra- 
ham, shall  have  my  right  in  my  dwelling  plaoc,  but  all  my  estate,  as  well 
the  improvements  as  the  movables,  shall  come  into  an  appraiseineiit  and  my 
wife,  Eva  Elisabita,  shall,  as  Executrix,  keep  all  in  her  hands,  as  there  are 
yet  four  children,  to  wit,  Michael,  Barbara,  and  Abraham,  and  Frederich,  in 
their  minority.  But  my  son,  Jacob,  shall  have  before  the  appraisement, 
one  cow,  two  swine,  two  sheep,  but  after  the  death  of  my  aforesaid  wife, 
my  four  children,  to  wit,  :\Iichael  and  Barbara  and  Abraham  and  Frederich, 
each  have  four  pounds  of  money  before  hand,  and  the  remainder  shall  be 
equally  divid-i-d  between  all  my  children.  But  if  my  aforesaid  wife  shall 
marry  again  she  shall  have  no  more  than  her  third  part,  to  require  which 
I  herewith  conclude  and  seal  and  subscribe  with  my  own  hand  and  declare 
this  to  be  my  last  Will  and  Testament.     Done  1st  December,  1756. 

Witness:  Pyeter  De  Laxgh. 

Cheistiax  Heinkich. 

JusTACs  Urbax. 

THE    FAMILY    TREE. 

From  the  different  records  of  will,  church  books,  tomb-stone  inscriptions, 
family  Bibles  and  baptismal  certificates,  the  following  genealogical  table 
has  been  constructed: 


PETER  DE  LONG. 


WIFE  EVA  ELIZABETH. 


Died  in  i:ko 


ir 


»  2  3  4  5  6  7 

JOHN.  HENRY.  JACOB.  MICHAEL.       ABRAHAM.      BARBARA.     FREDERICK. 


=  -  z  :  ^ 


THE  DELOSG  FAMILY 


379 


Of  this  family  a  scion  returnea  to  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  about  the  beginning 
of  last  century  and  prospered  in  the  mercantile  business.  His  octogenarian 
son  has  written  several  most  interesting  letters  of  family  greeting  and 
reminiscence  to  the  friends  gathered  in  their  annual  reunions.  Of  this 
branch  came  the  illustrious  Lieutenant  George  W.  DeLong,  leauer  of  the 
ill-fated  Jeanette,  in  its  Polar  expedition,  uhose  T^idow  has  graced  the 
assembled  DeLougs  in  family  reunion  with  her  presence  during  the  Summer 
of  1901. 

BURIALS, 

Many  of  the  older  and  younger  generations  of  DeLongs  lie  buried  on 
the  burial  plots  near  the  DeLong -'s  church.  The  original  ancestor's  tomb 
and  that  of  his  wife  are  doubtless  here,  but  are  either  unmarked,  or  their 
tombstone  inscriptions  have  btx^ome  illegible.  Several  of  his  sons'  tombs 
here  are  marked  with  appropriate  stones.  Being  especially  interested  in 
my  own  line,  I  have  copied  that  of  Michael  and  his  wife  as  follows: 


DEKKMA L 

der  Liebe  fur 

B.^RBAKA   DeLong, 

geborne  Bollebach  uml  Ehegatlin 

lies 

Michael  DeLoxg. 

Ul  geboren  den  L^ilen  Juli.  1756. 

Starb  dm  ISten  Junnuar,  1S32. 

Ihr  alter  uar 

75  Jahr,  6  Monatr. 


Jiier 

ruhen  die  Gebeine  von  dem 
verstorbenen 

Michael  DeLong. 

£r  wurde  gtboren 

den  26  November,  im  Jahr  1739, 

uiid  ist  ge.'iforben 

del  2i;cen  Tag  ilarlz,  im 

Jnhr  1S19. 

Ist  alt  warden  7'J  Jahren,  I,  Monale. 


As  these  were  the  writer's  great-grandparents,  the  parents  of  my  grand- 
father, David  DeLong,  whose  later  life  furnished  me  with  many  vivid  and 
cherisbe.1  childhood  memories,  special  interest  was  taken  in  this  ancient 
tomb,^  when  a  year  ago  I  visited  this  Macpelah  of  DeLong  sepulchres,  i 
have  in  my  possession  the  baptismal  certificate  of  our  grandfather,  and,  as 
this  is  a  connecting  link  in  our  line  of  ancestry  with  this  old  stem,  I  give 
here  a  transcript  of  it  (in  English  letters): 


380 


THE  PEyySYLVA XIA-GERMA y. 


This  Border  is  filled  with  hand-painted  designs  in  wai 


David    DeLano- 

Hat  das  I.iclit  dipser  wit  erblicket  oiid  ist 
vou  Christlithen  Eltcrn  gehure.i  in  der  Pro%-.us 
rennsylvanien  in  Korks  County  in  Jfaxatawnv 
Xownship  Im  Jahr  des  Herrn  1790,  den  (-ten  Mal- 
Monats,  und  ist  gotauft  worden  den  ii  May  ITso 
Sein  vater  ist  der  Erbare  Michael  i>eLaii?,  und 
seine  Mutter  Barbara.  Die  Taulzeugen  sind  David 
DeLang  und  seine  Fran  Barbara-- Wurde  fon- 
firruirt  durch  lln  :  llenrich  Jlelfrieh  im  Jahr  1S05 


A  similar  certificate,  also  in  my  hands,  tells  the  life  storj  of  his  wife  ' 
iTis  ^"!'r  "■  '''\'''''^^-^-^  ^'^--r,  daughter  of  Edward  Clauser,  nj 
Ins  wife,  Susanna,  a  born  Liess.     She  was  born  March  25,  1791    and  died 

ary  1^,   ISSo,  aged  91  years,   10  months  and  21   da  vs.     Cxrandfather  had 

llToat:  't  I'  ''^'l'  '''^'  ""''''''  '''  '''''  ^^^'  ''  years  5  ^on'ths 
and  .0  days.  Both  are  buned  in  the  old  Unionville  (Nefls  P.  O)  grave- 
yard and  have  appropriate  touib-stcnes.     And  across  the  wav,  in     he  new 

she  the  daugh  er  ot  Davtd  and  Catharine  DeLcng.  Their  tombs  are  marked 
and  indicate  hat  he  died  November  20,  1S90,  aged  76  years,  G  months  and 
1  day;  she  July  22,  1896,  aged  SO  years,  11  months  and  -^0  davs 

bur  ris'"ilh'to"T'f '  "'"'  °'  '"^'"  ''^^^^""^'  "^"'^Ses,  deaths  and 
thro  Ih  T:.   ^°^"'P^^^^-  ^'  ^^-  ^--"'y.  -.^7  yet  be  published 

through  the  energy  ot  the  younger  scions  of  it. 


THE  OLD   DE  LONG   HOMESTEAD. 

From  the  Will  of  the  original  ancestor,  it  s-eems  evident  what  disposition 
was  made  Of  the  original  estate  upon  his  daith  in  1760.  However,  in  17S5. 
Michael,  by  the  payn.eut  of  45  pounds,  secured  a  portion  of  the  same,  which 
seems  o  have  had  a  shaky  title,  as  same  is  reconveyed  by  Orphans'  Court. 
For  sattstacfon  of  u.etabers  of  this  famtiy  we  publish  this  document. 


THE  DELOyO  FAMH.Y.  381 

PATENT  BOOK  P,  NO.  4,   PAGE   143. 
Patent   2. 
Michael  Dj;  Long, 

(Exa)     The  Supreme  Executive  Council  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pa. 
To  all  to  xvhom  these  presents  shall  come,  Greeting : 

Know  ye  that  in  consideration  of  the  monies  paid  by  Peter  Eong  (alias 
DeLong)  to  the  late  Proprietaries  at  the  granting  the  warrant  hereinafter 
mentioned  and  of  the  further  sum  of  45  pounds  lawful  money  paid  by 
Michael  DeLong  into  the  Eeoeivers  General  olTico  of  this  Couunonwealth, 
being  the  arrearage  of  purchase  money  and  interest  due  thereon,  there  is 
granted  by  the  said  Commonwealth  unto  the  said  Peter  DeLong  a  certain 
tract  of  land  called  Sommerville,  situated  in  ^Laxatawny  township,  formerly 
Philadelpnia  Co.,  now  in  the  county  of  Berks,  beginning  at  a  corner-stone 
in  the  line  of  Daniel  Hock's  land,  thence  by  the  same  to  Henry  Grimm's 
land  south  10  degrees,  east  2S4  perches  to  a  part  in  the  line  of  Christian 
Zeivert's  (Seibert's)  land,  thence  by  the  same  north  20  degrees,  east  59 
perches  and  seven-tenth  to  a  cornerstone  of  laud  belonging  to  the  heirs  of 
Abraham  DeLong.  thence  by  the  same  north  10  degrees,  west  101  perches  to 
a  post,  north  S  degrees,  east  8  perches,  to  a  post  north  10  degrees,  west 
20  perches,  to  a  post  south  SO  degrees,  west  8  perches,  to  a  post  and  north 
10  degrees  and  one-half  west,  103  perches  to  a  corner-stone  of  Daniel  Hock  's 
land,  thence  by  the  same  south  80  degrees,  west  58  perches  and  eight-tenths 
to  the  place  of  beginning;  containing  100  acres  and  7-8  of  an  acre,  and  al- 
lowance of  six  per  cent,  for  roads,  etc.,  with  the  appurtenances  (which  said 
tract  is  part  of  a  larger  tract  which  was  surveyed  by  virtue  of  a  warrant 
dated  the  27th  day  of  June,  1738,  granted  to  the  said  Peter  Long,  alias 
DeLong,  who  died  intestate,  whereupon  the  same  was  ordered  by  the  Or- 
phans Court  to  his  son,  the  said  ^Michael  DeLong,  to  have  and  to  hold  the 
said  tract  or  parcel  of  land,  with  the  appurtenances  unto  the  said  INIichael 
and  his  heirs,  to  the  use  of  him,  the  said  ^Michael  DeLong,  h:s 
heirs  and  assignees  forever,  free  and  clear  of  all  restrictions  and 
reservation  as  to  monies,  royalties,  quit  rents  or  otherwise,  excepting 
and  reserving  only  the  fifth  part  of  all  gold  and  silver  ore  for  the  use  of 
this  Commonwealth  to  be  deli\ered  at  the  pits  mouth  clear  of  all  charge.  In 
witness  whereof  the  Honorable  Charles  Biddle,  Esq.,  in  Pres.  of  the  Su- 
preme Executive  Council,  hath  hereto  set  his  hand  and  caused  the  State  seal 
to  be  herewith  affixed  in  council  the  2Gth  of  November,  1785,  and  of  the 
Commonwealth  the  tenth. 

Attest:     John  Armstrong,  Sec.     Enrolled  28th  Nov.,  1785. 

Chas.  Biddle,  V.  P.  (.<;). 

The  Court  and  Commonwealth  Eecords  have  been  thoroughly  searched  by 
the  aforesaid  Rev.  W.  F.  DeLong,  and  he  has  found  and  copied  records  of 
conveyances  of  other  parts  of  same  original  tract  as  follows: 

Patent  Book  P,  No.  4,  p.  143,  Nov.  26,  1785,  to  John  DeLong  20  1-8  acres., 
The  tract  was  called  "John's  Fancy."     This  is  same  date  of  above  con- 
veyance to   Michael  I'eLong. 

Patent  Book  H,  N\'.  2.1,  p.  493,  June  3,  1S2S,  to  James  Bower,  17  acres, 
43  perches.     After  him  the  {nx-soiit  villa-e  wiis  named.  Bowers. 


382  THE  rEyySYIAA  XIA-GERMA X. 

Patent  Book  H,  No.  '2(;,  p.  So,  July  10,  1828,  to  Henry  Grim,  S3  acres  aD<l 
28  perches  of  the  same  original  tract.- 

Patent  Book,  Vol.  11,  No.  26,  p.  293,  a  conveyance  June  2,  1829,  to  Peter 
Hamsher,  of  a  20-acre  tract,  originally  secured  by  Peter  DeLong  on  30th 
Jan.,  1755,  by  warrant.  Situated  in  Eockland  township  and  adjoining 
lands  of  Adam  Luckenbill,  Henry  Wertz,  Jacob  Pa'n-rand. 

As  far  as  is  known  to  the  writer  the  oldest  house  on  this  tract  is  that 
now  occupied  b}'  James  DeLong,  a  son  of  Franklin  DeLong,  who  was  a  son 
of  Joseph  DeLong,  who  was  grandson  of  the  original  settler,  Peter  DeLong. 
This  house  stand.s  a  little  to  the  east  of  Bowers  and  was  built  by  Joseph 
DeLong  in  ISll. 

And  now  let  all  who  have  DeLong  blood  in  their  arteries  remember  that 
n-hen  they  travel  past  Bowers  Station  they  are  genealogically  on  hallowed 
ground,  and  may  they  take  off  their  hat,  if  not  their  shoes,  in  token  of  the 
sturdy  pioneer,  who  ihere,  nearly  one  and  three-quarters  of  a  century 
ago,  as  a  religious  refugee  and  a  patron  of  liberty,  of  life  and  thought, 
permanently  planted  his  home  in  the  wilds  of  Penn 's  forest,  over  which 
waved  the  glorious  banner  of  religious  tolerance. 

ADDENDUM. 

Since  the  foregoing  was  written  and  set  in  type,  another  DeLong  Family 
Reunion  v.as  held  (at  Kutztown  Park,  on  August  2G,  1903).  At  this  gath- 
ering several  hundred  of  relatives  from  far  and  near  gathered  for  reviewing 
history,  renewing  or  forming  acquaintance  and  stimulating  one  another  in 
the  good  ways  and  purposes  of  hereditary  family  traits  and  virtues.  There 
were  attending  members  of  the  family  from  Boston,  Mass.,  to  Lafayette, 
Ind.,  and  a  belated  comer  arrived  too  late  for  the  day 's  festivities  from 
Boulder,  Colo.  Letters  from  Appleton,  Wis.,  and  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  again 
cheered  the  assemblage  and  several  interesting  historical  or  genealogical 
addresses  were  delivered.  From  these  it  was  learned  that  the  heretofore 
supposed  original  American  pioneer,  Peter  DeLong 's  wife's  full  name  was 
FiVa  Elizabeth  Weber,  daughter  of  Jacob  Weber,  from  Duchess  county,  N.  Y., 
who  in  173G  settled  in  New  Holland,  Lancaster  county,  Pa.,  who  came  to 
America  with  the  noted  Eev.  J'ishua  Kocherthal  in  170S.  These  facts  were 
discovered  from  the  contents  of  a  deed  on  record  in  Newberg,  N.  Y.  She 
was  married  to  said  Peter  DeLong  in  the  year  1722(?).  Records  of  a 
certain  Francis  DeLong  were  also  found  as  having  been  a  resident  in 
Duchess  county,  N.  Y.,  as  early  as  171-4,  who  then  had  four  sons,  and  must 
consequently  have  been  married  not  later  than  1705  to  1707,  and  hence  born 
about  1685  in  Duchess  county.     Was  he  the  father  of  Peter  DeLong? 

Then  the  latter  was  American  born  and  the  emigration  of  the  pioneer 
DeLong  is  put  back  into  the  17th  century,  making  this  a  very  old  family. 
Following  additional  facts  were  also  brought  to  light  by  an  address  deliv- 
ered by  Rev.  Calvin  il.  DeLong,  of  East  Greenville,  Pa.,  viz: 

1.  •  That  the  DeLongs  come  from  the  French  nobility  according  to 
de  Maiguey 's  "Science  of  Heraldr}-, ' '  jmblished  in  Paris  in  1856. 

2.  That  the  Ketords  if  the  Dut.-h  Reformed  churches  of  New  York  City 
and  Kingston  N.  Y.,  h.rv'o  entries  (if  l'>'.''l.o!ig  baptisms  as  early  as  Jfis5 
f-nd  then   frequently  fmm   1700   on   to   1728. 


THE  DELOXG  FA.]fILY.  38:i 

3.  That  in  "First  Settlers  of  Albany  County"  (N.  Y.)  are  foun.l  De- 
Lange's  (Ariaautzen,  Eoebel  and  Jeaii)  born  in  Kaysostcr  (Kochostcr .')  aiiil 
date  of  settlement  as  early  as  1712  and  1717. 

4.  That  in  "Calendar  of  Wilis"  at  Albany  X.  Y.,  for  years  IIG'J,  1770, 
are  records  of  DeLange  wills — one  Arrie  DeLange,  of  Charlotte  i>r"eiiR-t, 
Duchess  county,  vihose  wife  Mas  Anne,  and  sons  Francis,  Ellas,  Martin, 
Jearus,  Lawrence,  and  daughters,  Mary  Crankright  and  Jene  Isnuil. 


SHALL  WE  NOT   HAVE    A    SUPPLEMENTAL    ISSUE    OF    PENNSYLVANIA- 
GERMAN  BIBLIOGRAPHY  TO  PROF.  SEIDLNSTICKLR'S  "FIHST 
CENTURY  OF  GERMAN  PRINTING  IN  AMERICA"? 

Already  fifteen  years  have  passed  since  the  appearance  of  Prof.  Seiden- 
sticker's  "First  Century  of  German  Printing  in  America."  This  is  the 
most  complete  bibliography  of  early  Gennau  book  making  in  America. 
Notwithstanding  its  supposed  completeness  and  undoubted  value  to  students 
in  Pennsylvania-German  history-,  the  diseoveiy  of  many  works  not  listed 
by  either  I'rof.  Seidensticker  or  his  predecessor,  Prof.  Hildcburn,  in  his 
"Issues  of  the  Pennsylvania  Press,''  have  demonstrated  the  necessity  of  a 
new  or  revised  work  on  this  important  subject. 

In  this  field  of  research  no  one  has  been  more  successful  than  Rev.  A. 
Stapleton,  whose  work  in  this  line  should  not  be  lost  to  posterity.  His  list 
of  publications  embraces  some  titles  that  nu^terially  ati'ect  history.  As 
examples:  In  1732  appears  an  announcement  in  Franklin's  "Penusylvaui.a 
Gazette,"  that  a  paper  would  be  issued  in  the  Gemian  language  if  sutli- 
cient  encouragement  were  given  the  project.  No  copy  of  the  proposed 
issue  had  hitherto  come  within  the  knowledge  of  historians,  and  Sower  has 
generally  been  gi\'en  credit  for  publishing  the  first  German  newspaper  in 
the  New  World  in  1739. 

Some  years  ago  Dr.  Stapleton  discovered  a  copy  of  the  Franklin  paper, 
dated  May,  1732,  thus  antedating  the  Sower  paper  by  seven  years.  Again, 
the  most  recent  histories  and  bibliographies  of  the  Keformed  Church  gives 
the  first  appearance  of  the  Heidelberg  Catechism  in  America  as  1762,  but 
Mr.  Stapleton  has  recently  discovered  a  Heidelberg  Catechism  printed  by 
Sower  in  1755,  thus  pushing  back  the  printing  of  that  confession  in 
America  seven  years. 

The  number  of  unrecorded  books,  pamphlets,  papers,  etc.,  which  Dr. 
Stapleton  has  re<20vered  is  over  220.  It  can  readily  be  seen  that  the  publi- 
cation of  this  addition  to  Prof.  Seidensticker 's  work  would  materially 
change  its  character  and  be  a  valuable  acquisition  to  our  prest'nt  fund  of 
knowleilge  on  this  subject.  We  hope  such  scholars  as  Dr.  Stapleton  and 
his  ilk  will  contribute  a  full  list  of  works  on  this  subject  hitherto  omitted 
for  the  next  issue  of  this  Magazine,  and  we  herewith  summon  and  com- 
mand Dr.  S.  to  do  this  adilitional  lalxir  of  love  and  thus  contriluite  to  the 
knowleilge  and  convenience  of  his  fellow  men  and  add  lustre  to  the  bright- 
ness of  his  litorarv  cro\  n. 


SSi 


THE  PENNSYLVA MA-GERMAy. 


BOOK 

NOTICES 

"History    of 

Donegal    Presbyterian 

Church." 


Local  history  has  recently  received  a  marvelous 
impetus.  There  is  something  in  the  air  that  seems 
to  waken  up  the  people  to  the  study  and  develop- 
ir.ent  of  past  events  at  one's  very  feel.  Many  a 
devout  Old  Mortality  has  in  these  days  taken  up  the  mallet  and  chisel  to  re- 
trace again  some  Morthy  and  almost  forgotten  name  upon  the  erasive  and 
crumbling  marble.  Many  a  student  has  pointed  his  grey-goose  quill  to 
re-enact  the  deeds  and  exploits  of  such  as  may  have,  a  century  and  more 
ago,  on  their  very  heath,  nobly  labored  and  planted  and  taught  so  that  the 
feet  of  coming  generations  might  have  less  thorns  and  fewer  obstacles  to 
encouuter  as  they  trend  the  long  and  winding  lane  of  life. 

This  spirit  has  inspired  Dr.  J.  L.  Zicgler,  of  ^It.  Joy,  to  bring  out  his 
beautiful  and  carefully-written  book  on  the  widely  famous  old  Donegal  Pres- 
byterian Cliurch  of  Lancaster  County.  Sixty  years  of  closest  acquaintance 
with  the  territory  and  with  the  history  of  this  pioneer  church  has  enabletl 
him  to  write  its  annals  much  in  the  way  of  an  eye-witness.  Much  valuable 
data  is  thus  given;  a  great  many  facts  concerning  most  of  the  old  families 
who  first  settled  here,  or  once  lived  here,  are  collated;  old  tombstone  instruc- 
tions and  many  genealogical  sketches  are  drawn,  with  accounts  of  scores  of 
distinguished  persons  descending  out  of  this  sturdy  Scotch-Irish  settlement, 
including  the  late  President  McKinley,  made  here  when  Pennsylvania  was 
yet  an  infant  province.  Several  beautiful  illustrations,  half-tones  from 
photographs,  adorn  the  book,  which  consists  of  1S4  quarto  pp.  of  fine  paper, 
well-bound  and  gilt-edged.  It  is  a  handsome  contribution  to  the  interests 
of  local  historv. 


Capt.  Gustavus 
Cunyngham. 


The  Pcnnsj-lvania  Society,  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  have  te- 
cently  issued  a  pamphlet  in  fine  and  elaborate  style,  adorned 
with  half  a  dozen  full-page  illustrations,  giving  a  sketch  of 
this  worthy  Kevolutiouary  fighter  and  the  services  he  rendered  to  the  cause 
of  American  Independence.     The  thought  and  its  execution  merit  praise. 

The  author,  a  reputed  minister  of  the  Re- 
formed Church  of  America,  has  kept  his 
pen  from  rusting  during  a  long  and  busy 
pastoral  career,  by  frequent  efl"usions,  his- 
toric, religious  and  poetical.  The  volume 
before  us  is  a  book  of  his  collected  poems,  which  receives  its  name  from 
the  first  one.  It  contains  many  a  clever  piece  of  writing,  recounting  the 
heroic  deeds  of  pioneers  who  helped  to  lay  the  foundations  of  Church  and 
State,  and  the  whole  is  a  worthy  and  grateful  contribution  to  the  provincial 
biographical  and  local  history  of  our  IVnnsylvania-German  stock  and  de- 
serves a  wide  circulatic  i.     Octavo,  117pp. 


"Response  to  the  Blue  Juniata." 

AND    OTHER    POEMS. 

BY 

REV.    CYRUS    CORT,    D.  D. 


INDEX 


I'^DITOIIIAI.S  :  PACK 

A    Word    About   Advcrti^inu    1!>:1 

About   t he  Vx'onthi'i-   "Js'J 

Elfsciith   Annual    .Mr.'iinu    I'L'nn'a-Cn'rm.in    Society    1 

Groetins^s    to    Prince    1  Icnry     4'.» 

Pennsylvania-Germans  in   l-lvidence '^41 

Itovolutiunary     Heroes    IJun'.red     IJT 

Summerin.s; 3:'7 

Vacation    and    Iiurotluction     14.") 

PaMOIJS   I'KNXSYI.VAMA-(;hi:>rA.X.S  : 

Bucher,    John    Conrad    -'-(l 

Fritchie.    Barbara    o-:!'.) 

Ilenkel.    (lerhanlt    'JAU 

Kunze.   John    < ' 'J'J 

Aiuhlouberg.   John   1'.  (.4 o 

]Muhlonbert:.   l-^e-lerick  A.   C 'A 

jMuhlenher?:.    Ci.    Henry    K 147 

Budy.    Charles    I'J.j 

Poetic  Gi:.\rs  ; 

An    1  )er   I'air    --'OS 

Busch    uu    Schtediel    Ill' 

Drauss   mi   Deheem    ; "J  14 

Die    Neie    Sort   Dsdient'lleit    211 

Der    Alt    i'isherniaii .  2ijo 

Die  Larning    314 

l)er   Jiini   und   der  Juli    31 V 

Der  Yokel  und  die  Luncii   Boule ol'.i 

Der    Goitz    , L!l.'( ) 

Die    Amschel     o.'»  1 

Der    Ferlohra    Ehsel    Li.j.'I 

Der  Keiche  ilerr  im   I )»ich    24 

Der   Beik I'C, 

Der   Alt    Kerchhof    C,;; 

Der  Kerchegang  in  Alter  Zeit 04 

Die  guta  Alti'  Zeita    tjG 

I>er  Fiert   July    KUj 

Der    "Gigeregee"    110 

Die  Alt   Cider  .Muehl    K.i; 

Die  Welt  uf   \'endue    IC,  1 

Die    Besht    Z<it     HJlj 

Es   Bodt   A  lies  N"i.\    •_.,;4 


PACK 

ICiii   I  (iMitxIicr   '\';iiikcy   Dui>] r>]^■, 

Ks   lla.inclt    Km   A'    _  ^>,j] 

J  Jiikclir    20 

J'ah^iiarlit      ; Cj 

(Jcrin.in    Prize    I'olk    Sone.- — ITrs-o    Dahl     ^.Tt'.t 

I  Ial/clii;iii>;sp     o_j 

.Ml.   (Jii'tii.i    ill   AN'iiitfr ^24 

Mcr   Wolla   Fisha   G-ii    , ."....'  l.»C)L' 

My  Ah.v  Cfik HI 

.\'<'ii   .Ioin-"s   Shit/    ill   Alte   Zoito    23 

'N   Srliooiiie  Altit'  Jlc'inath l.',7 

Xoft'iiil)  'iklawic J59 

( ).-itliU  «■     ._»t;i 

!^l'0tj"lii-     Kji) 

Sflilittat'ofiia     2'-' 

Soimtaw-  .Moi-ued.'^'  An  Der  Ziegol  Kerch :;o"J 

Saiirkiaut     -i-,*^ 

Wit-    Mor    ( ;  1(H_'    Ware    .  •. "  2IL' 

\\  atrhituiuf     21-' 

Zi'it    uui    LeiUi'  aniuM'e   Sich .  _  _  (j.3 

IliNl'liUH  .VI.    I'll.dlUM.Vt.KS  : 

J  >M\vii   ihe   Schuylkill   Valley    27 

From  York  ro  Harper's  Ferry    3.^5 

From    It'Mdiii-    to    York n^;-.; 

1 1  i^toric   York    2ir>  2'J5 

Over   ihe    Old    Ka^lou    P^oad    (J7 

Over   the    Oley   Pike 1]3 

<;r..\KALot;v  : 

I>efiiiiti(jii     .,•••> 

....••..  — 0'> 

Tie'   OeLoiig    Family    375 

.Mi^(  i:i.i.a.m:ol,s  : 

Birthplace  of  the  Tele[.lioue 17j< 

Ciuioiis    Ins.-riptions j,s,S 

1  'er    l^w  i-e    Jaeyer    ^yj 

•.;<'rman.s    as    a    I'"actor j.^^) 

l[im.Mioi-])u!ikaril-Meiir^oiiire  LMsciidiiie    90 

I^auclmark   History  of   United   Brerhreuism    i;2i' 

I-'ist    Will   (jf   Christopher    Stump    2l'Li 

.Mountain    ;Mary     j-.y 

^•=""^"  ^«""S   ..'.'.'.'..'.'.'.  13G 

-Mary    of    the    .Ali.uutain     j-s; 

I'alatines-    Church    at    Xewbuig    «<7 

Supplemental  Issue  of  IMLdioLrraphy y^::^ 

Trinity    Churchyard    2::.5 

1  <'iiili-i,,|ie    Inscriptions    jj^ij 

^Vli->    Was    Lugan '.' 175 

^'■'■■'K   NotieKS    pp.  .14,  (j7_   343^  yj2.  2oS,  287,  y.;G.  i;si 

'  "  ^  '•■"■''■  -'^'"i»^   pp.  48.  !h;,   1-14.  240.  2.SS.  oS4 


%0  ij   O 


<J 


,)  ,}> 


,     ,r   r,    [M/. 


;'Vi^' 


0'   (, 


;-.;;;,?  i''?ipi?;ii?si??4.i»ii
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Full text of "The Pennsylvania-German : devoted to the history, biography, genealogy, poetry, folk-lore and general interests of the Pennsylvania Germans and their descendants"

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