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HISIPORY  AND  BI06RAPHY. 


VoLXXX. 


PHILADELPHIA: 

PUBLICATION   FUND  OF 

THE  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA, 

No.  1300  LOCUST  STREET. 

1906. 


CONTENTS  OF  VOLUME  XXX. 


PAOI 

Beojamin  Franklin,     (/hmfiipieoe.) 

William  Penn  as  a  Law  Giver.     By  Hon,  Hampton  L,  Oar$an.     •         1 

Washington's  Household  Acconnt-book,  1798-1797.   (QmHnued,) 

80,  159,  809,  469 

Atkinson  Family  of  Bucks  Ck>unt7,   Pennsylvania.     By  Oliver 

Hough.    (Qmiinued,)  ....        57,  220,  882,  478 

Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  England.    By  Lothrop  WUhington,     .      80 

Letter  of  Edward  Shippen,  of  Lancaster,  1754 85 

Orderly  Book,   Fourth    Pennsylvania    Battalion,  Ck>l.  Anthony 

Wayne 91,  206 

Notes  and  Queries 104,  241,  872,  508 

Book  Notices 124,  251,  882,  511 

The  Swift  Family  of  Philadelphia.     By  Thomas  Willing  Baleh. 

{Portrait,) 129 

A  Brief  History  of  the  Monongahela  Bridge,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

By  Herbert  Du  Pfty 187 

The  Masonic  Chronology  of  Benjamin  Franklin.     By  Julius  F, 

Sachse 288 

The  "American  Farmer"  St.  John  de  Cr^vecoBur  and  His  Fam- 
ous "lietters,"  (1735-1818.)  By  R  B,  Sanborn.  {Illustrated,)     257 

Extracts  From  the  Journal  of  Rev.  Andreas  Sandel,  Pastor  of 
"Gloria  Dei"  Swedish  Lutheran  Church,  Philadelphia, 
1702-1719 287,445 

The  First  Books  Imported  by  America's  First  Great  Library.    By 

Albert  J,  Edmunds 800 

"Servants  and  Apprentices  Bound  and  Assigned  Before  James 
Hamilton,  Mayor  of  Philadelphia."  By  George  W,  Neible. 
{QmHnued.) 848,  427 

Rare  Edwin  Prints.     By  Mantle  Fielding 858 

iii 


161i075 


iv  Contents  of  Volume  XXX. 


ChristuLii  Gobrecht,  Artut  and  Inventor.     By  Charta  Qohrechit 

Darrack, •  856 

Letter  of  General  Nath'l  Greene  to  General  Washington,  1781.    •  889 

Genealogical  Records  of  the  Jones  Family  of  Wales  and  Penn- 
sylvania.    By  Lewii  Jone$  Leviek. 866 

Frederika  Baroness  Riedesel.     By  Lina  Sinnickmrn.    {IthutraUd.)  885 

The  Wilson  Portrait  of  Franklin  ;  Earl  Grey's  Gift  to  the  Nation. 

By  Ouwlu  Henry  Jffart.     {P&rtraii.) 409 

Journal  of  Isaac  Zane  to  Wyoming,  1768.     By  Joteph  H.  Ooata.  417 

Marriages  From  Squire  Van  Booskirk's  Docket    By  Mahlon  Van 

Boo9kirk 487 

Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in   Ireland.     By    Lathrop    WUhington, 

(QmHnued.) 458 

Officers  of  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania 518 

Index 517 


M 


.**       • 


^         M 


y 


THB 

PENNSYLVANIA    MAGAZINE 


OP 


HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 

Vol.  XXX.  1906.  No.  1. 

WILLIAM  PENN  AS  A   LAW-GIVER. 

BT  HAMPTON  L.   0AR8ON,  ATTORNET-OENERAL  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

(An  address  delivered  before  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.) 

My  aim  to-night  will  be  to  state,  in  a  general  way,  the 
character  of  the  debt  which  we  owe  to  William  Pbnn  as  a 
Law-givbr. 

To  all  students  of  Pennsylvania  history,  whether  slightly 
or  seriously  inclined  to  analyze  our  institutions  and  trace 
them  to  their  true  sources,  the  Seventeenth  Century  presents 
features  of  interest  and  importance  unrivalled  and  un- 
matched by  anything  in  our  annals.  It  was  during  that 
century  that  every  colony  except  Georgia  was  planted. 
From  the  settlement  of  Jamestown,  Virginia,  in  1606,  to  the 
landing  of  Penn  at  Chester,  in  1682,  we  have  a  period  which 
embraces  all  that  is  original  and  fundamental  in  the  era  of 
state  building.  The  preceding  two  hundred  years  can  be 
summed  up  in  a  sentence.  We  recall  in  a  general  way  that 
Henry  VH  was  on  the  throne  of  England  and  the  feeble 
minded  Charles  VIII  on  the  throne  of  France  at  the  time 
when  the  generous  Isabella  of  Spain  made  it  possible  for 
Columbus  to  discover  the  New  World.  We  associate  the 
name  of  Francis  I  with  the  days  of  Cartier  and  Champlain 
VOL.  XXX. — 1  ( 1 ) 


2  William  Penn  as  a  Law-Giver. 

in  exploring  the  Canadian  wilderness,  just  as  we  associate 
the  exploits  of  Drake,  Hawkins,  Frobisher  and  the  far  nobler 
Raleigh  with  the  great  name  of  Elizabeth,  but  it  is  not  until 
we  reach  the  reign  of  James  I,  beginning,  as  it  did,  in  1604, 
that  we  enter  upon  a  period  of  actual  colonization.  Then, 
through  a  term  of  seventy-five  years,  "  stern  men  with  em- 
pires in  their  brains  pitched  new  states  as  Old  World  men 
pitched  tents."  It  was  a  season  when  both  Church  and 
State  were  in  ferment  and  later,  in  torment,  resulting  in  the 
birth  of  our  civil  and  religious  liberty. 

I  cannot  stop  to  dwell  upon  the  features  of  this  extra- 
ordinary struggle,  but  as  a  necessary  prelude  to  a  statement 
of  what  was  actually  accomplished  by  the  founder  of  our 
Commonwealth  towards  the  close  of  the  period  of  state 
planting,  I  invite  you  to  glance  briefly  at  what  had  been 
written  and  argued  upon  the  subject  of  government 

The  discovery  of  the  New  World,  following  hard  upon 
the  invention  of  printing,  had  fired  the  imaginations  of  men 
and  produced  a  class  of  philosophic  visionaries.  Sir  Thomas 
More  wrote  his  Utopia,  but  his  views  were  shaped  by  the 
idealism  of  Plutarch  in  his  Life  of  Lycurgus,  as  well  as  by  a 
knowledge  of  Plato's  Republic.  Sir  Francis  Bacon  wrote 
the  New  Atlantis,  and  Cumpanella,  his  Italian  contemporary, 
composed  in  prison,  his  City  of  the  Sun.  Later  James 
Harrington  published  his  Oceana.  All  these,  however,  were 
but  lofty  dreams ;  they  did  not  touch  the  vital  nerves  of  the 
question.  The  real  discussion  began  \\\i\\  Richard  Hooker, 
a  divine,  who  published  but  a  few  years  before  the  ascension 
of  James  I,  his  celebrated  Laws  of  Ecclesiastical  JPolity. 
His  purpose  was  to  show  that  the  Puritans  were  wrong 
where  they  strove  to  plant  themselves  upon  Revelation  and 
he  sought  to  show  by  reason  the  necessity  for  a  Church 
establishment.  With  the  Church  wholly  in  his  ^mind,  he 
hardly  thought  of  the  possible  application  of  his  argument 
to  civil  polity.  Revelation,  Hooker,  had  taught,  is  con- 
cerned only  with  matters  of  faith,  but  for  all  else  that  God 
had  given  to  men,  Reason  is  his  guide.     Men,  equal  by 


William  Penn  as  a  Law- Giver.  8 

nature,  songht  commanion  and  fellowship  with  others  to 
goard  against  the  weakness  and  the  danger  of  solitary  life. 
This  was  the  cause  of  men  uniting  themselves  into  societies ; 
societies  could  not  exist  without  government,  nor  govern- 
ment without  a  distinct  law  of  its  own.     Strifes  and  troubles 
would  be  endless,  unless  men  gave  a  common  consent  that 
all  should  be  ordered  by  some  one  whom  they  should  agree 
upon,  for  without  consent  there  was  no  reason  that  one 
man   should  take  upon  himself  to  be   lord  or  judge   of 
another,  "  so  that  in  a  word,  all  public  rule,  of  what  kind  so- 
ever, evidently  seemeth  to  have  arisen  from  deliberate  advise, 
consultation  and  composition  between  men,  judging  it  con- 
venient and  behoveful."     These  were  the  views  of  Hooker 
as  to  the  social  compact,  though  he  confined  them  to  a 
Church  establishment.     It  is  easy  to  see,  however,  that  they 
were  equally  applicable  to  affairs  of  State.     James  I,  who 
united  personal  pedantry  to  official  egotism,  pompously  ad- 
vocated the  doctrine  of  the  Divine  Right  of  Kings.     Even 
before  his  ascension  to  the  English  throne,  he  had  promul- 
gated the  theory  of  an  absolute  royalty  in  his  work  on  "  The  . 
True  Law  of  Free  Monarchy,"  and  announced  that  "although 
a  good  King  will  form  his  actions  according  to  law,  yet  he  is 
not  bound  thereto,  but  of  his  own  will  and  for  example 
giving  to  his  subjects."     The  notion  was  a  wholly  new  one. 
An  "absolute  King,"  or  an  "absolute  monarchy"  meant 
with  the  Tudor  statesman  who  had  used  the  phrase,  a  sov- 
ereignty or  rule  complete  in  itself  and  independent  of  all 
foreign  or  Papal  interference.     James  chose  to  regard  the- 
words  as  implying  the  monarch's  "  freedom  from  all  control 
by  law,  irresponsibility  to  anything  but  his  own  royal  will." 
The  King's  blunder,  however,  became  a  system  of  govern- 
ment, a  doctrine  which  bishops  preached  from  the  pulpit  and 
for  which  brave  men  laid  their  heads  upon  the  block.     "  As 
it  is  Atheism  and  blasphemy  to  dispute  what  God  can  do,*' 
said  James  in  a  speech  in  the  Star  Chamber,  "  so  it  is  pre- 
sumption and  a  high  contempt  in  a  subject  to  dispute  what 
a  King  can  do,  or  to  say  that  a  King  cannot  do  this  or  that."* 


4  William  Perm  as  a  Law-Giver. 

These  words  startled  English  ears  and  a  debate  to  the  death 
was  begun.  Thomas  Hobbes,  the  greatest  philosopher  and 
thinker  of  the  day,  impressed  with  the  views  of  Hooker, 
strove  in  his  Leviathan  to  state  the  Matter,  Form,  and  Power 
of  a  Commonwealth,  Ecclesiastical  and  Civil.  He  labored 
to  define  the  limits  of  authority,  and  spent  his  mighty 
energies  in  the  endeavor  to  set  forth  a  system  of  political 
philosophy.  Like  Hooker,  he  founded  government  upon  a 
social  compact  among  men  by  nature  equal,  each  of  them 
gave  up  to  the  central  power  some  part  of  his  private  right, 
in  order  that  each  might  be  protected  by  the  strength  of  all. 
But  Hobbes  diverged  widely  from  Hooker  at  the  next  stage 
of  the  argument  Hooker  had  said  that  if  the  government  so 
established  should  fail  to  fulfil  its  purpose,  those  who  estab- 
lished it  might  end  and  reshape  it.  Hobbes  contended  that 
the  authority,  when  once  established,  became  absolute. 
The  grant  was  irrevocable.  There  was  no  power  to  take 
back  what  had  once  been  given.  Absolute  government  was 
the  form  thus  established;  and  this  form  was  best  The 
State  was  a  great  body  Politic,  as  Leviathan  was  a  great  body 
natural  and  could  be  well  ruled  only  when  all  members 
were  subject  to  the  control  of  a  single  head.  Li  the  Church 
as  in  the  State,  there  should  be  one  Directing  will,  and  that 
the  King's.  It  was  for  the  Bling  to  say  what  doctrines  are 
fit  and  to  be  taught  the  subject. 

Sir  Robert  Filmer  in  his  Patriarcha,  or  the  Natural 
Power  of  Kings,  went  far  beyond  this.  He  held  that  Hobbes 
conceded  too  much  where  he  based  his  theory  of  absolute 
sovereignty  upon  a  social  compact  among  men  equal  by 
nature.  There  never  was  a  time,  said  he,  when  men  were 
equal.  When  there  were  only  two  in  the  world,  one  of 
them  was  master.  When  children  were  born,  Adam  was 
master  over  them.  Authority  was  founded  by  God  himself 
in  fatherhood.  Out  of  fatherhood  came  Royalty.  The 
Patriarch  was  King. 

Against  these  slavish  doctrines,  the  opposition  was  hot. 
Practical  statesmen  like  Pym  and  Hampden  denounced  them 


William  Pemi  as  a  Law-Giver.  6 

in  Parliament  and  resisted  them  in  Court.  Oliver  Cromwell 
fought  them  in  battle  at  Nasebj  and  Marston  Moor.  The 
royal  head  of  Charles  I  was  severed  from  his  body.  Poets 
and  Philosophers  wrote  and  reasoned  against  them.  In  this 
last  class  there  were  three  men  whose  names  can  never  die, 
the  friends  of  Penn,  whose  views  shaped  and  controlled  his 
own,  whose  labors,  far  less  successiiil  than  his,  had  a  decided 
influence  in  framing  his  government.  The  oldest  of  them 
was,  next  to  Shakespeare,  the  greatest  of  English  Poets ;  the 
second,  a  seasoned  man  of  sixty,  died  on  the  scaffold, 
a  martyr  for  the  cause ;  the  third,  a  man  but  little  older  than 
Penn,  and  his  companion  at  Oxford,  proved  himself  to  be 
the  most  renowned  of  English  Metaphysicians — an  incom- 
parable trinity  of  intellect,  inspiration  and  courage.  The 
first  was  the  author  of  the  Areopagitica,  or  an  Essay  upon 
the  Liberty  of  Unlicensed  Printing ;  the  second  w^as  the  author 
of  Discourses  upon  Government ;  the  third  was  the  author  ot 
Two  Treatises  of  Government,  in  the  first  of  which  "  The 
False  Principles  and  Foundation  of  Sir  Robert  Filmer  and 
his  followers  are  detected  and  overthrown ;  "  in  the  latter 
of  which  is  an  Essay  concerning  the  True,  Original  Estate, 
and  end  of  Civil  Government.  Consider  these  men — ^the 
friends  of  Penn — John  Milton,  Algernon  Sydney  and  John 
Locke. 

John  Milton  had  said : 

"  Lords  and  Commons  of  England,  consider  what  nation 
it  is  whereof  ye  are,  and  whereof  ye  are  the  governours. 
A  nation  not  slow  and  dull,  but  of  a  quick,  ingenious  and 
piercing  spirit,  acute  to  invent,  suttle  and  sinewy  to  dis- 
course, not  beneath  the  reach   of  any  point  the  highest 

that   human  capacity  can  soar  to 

Behold  now,  this  vast  city;  a  city  of  refuge,  the 
mansion  house  of  liberty,  encompassed  and  surrounded 
with  his  protection ;  the  shop  of  warre  hath  not  there  more 
anvils  and  hammers  waking,  to  fashion  out  the  plates  and 
instruments  of  armed  justice  in  defence  of  beleagured  truth, 
than  there  be  pens  and  heads  there,  sitting  by  their  studious 


6  WUliam  Penn  as  a  Law- Giver. 

lamps,  musing,  searching,  revolving  new  notions  and  ideas, 
wherewith  to  present,  as  with  their  homage  and  their  fealty, 
the  approaching  reformation ;  others  as  fast  reading,  trying 
all  things,  assenting  to  the  force  of  reason  and  convincement. 
What  could  a  man  require  more  from  a  nation  so  pliant  and 
so  prone  to  seek  after  knowledge  ?  What  wants  there  to  such 
a  towardly  and  pregnant  soile,  but  wise  and  faithful 
labourers,  to  make  a  knowing  people,  a  nation  of  prophets, 
of  sages  and  of  worthies  ?  "     .     .     . 

Of  Algernon  Sydney,  Bishop  Burnett  has  written : 

"That  he  was  a  man  of  most  extraordinary  courage; 
a  steady  man,  even  to  obstina^jy ;  sincere,  but  of  rough  and 
boisterous  temper  that  could  not  bear  contradiction.  .  .  . 
He  was  stiff  to  all  Republican  principles,  and  such  an  enemy 
to  everything  that  looked  a  monarchy,  that  he  set  himself  in 
high  opposition  against  Cromwell,  when  he  was  made 
Protector.  He  had  studied  the  history  of  government  in  all 
its  branches,  beyond  any  man  I  ever  knew." 

Of  John  Locke,  it  is  sufficient  to  say  of  the  author  of  the 
work  "  On  the  Human  Understanding  "  that  his  argument 
in  favor  of  Civil  Liberty  has  been  the  corner  stone  on  which 
our  institutions  and  free  institutions  everywhere  are  based. 

It  is  interesting  to  secure  the  physical  evidence  of  the 
intellectual  sympathy  and  communion  of  such  men,  and  I  am 
happy  to  be  able  to  cite  in  this  connection  a  most  notable 
confirmation  of  what  I  have  asserted.  Li  the  Archives  of 
The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  there  is  preserved  as 
its  most  precious  and  holy  relic  the  original  manuscript 
in  the  handwriting  of  William  Penn,  of  his  frame  work 
of  government  for  Pennsylvania.  On  several  of  the 
pages  are  interlineations  and  notes  in  the  handwritings 
of  Algernon  Sydney  and  John  Locke.  I  have  ventured 
to  suggest  to  Edwin  A.  Abbey,  the  world-renowned 
artist,  himself  a  son  of  Pennsylvania,  who  is  now  engaged  in 
painting  the  historic  pictures  which  are  to  adorn  the  rotunda 
of  the  new  Capitol  Building  at  Harrisburg,  as  a  subject 
worthy  of  his  brush,  the  Genesis  of  the  Government  of  Penn- 


William  Perm  as  a  Laic-Oiver.  7 

sylvania,  in  which  he  can  properly  group  William  Penn, 
Algernon  Sydney  and  John  Locke  about  a  table,  engaged 
in  the  study  of  Penn's  draft  of  government,  with  the  spirit 
of  John  Milton  hovering  above  them. 

I  have  now  traced  in  a  crude  way  the  intellectual  and 
moral  influences  which  controlled  the  mind  of  Penn.  Let 
me  now  turn  to  a  most  extraordinary  event  in  his  career 
which  left  its  indelible  mark  upon  his  character,  and  which, 
as  an  active  agent  in  producing  a  result,  contributed  to  the 
practical  realization  of  a  great  constitutional  right,  as  it  has 
now  become,  and  a  marked  feature  of  our  institutions  long 
before  any  such  right  waa  established  in  England. 

Li  the  year  1670,  in  the  month  of  April,  Parliament 
renewed  what  was  termed  the  Conventicle  Act,  which 
declared  it  to  be  seditious  and  unlawful  for  more  than  five 
persons,  exclusive  of  the  family,  to  meet  together  for  reli- 
gious worship  according  to  any  other  than  the  national 
ritual,  and  every  person  above  the  age  of  sixteen,  attending 
meetings  of  the  character  described,  was  liable  for  the  first 
offense  to  be  fined  five  pounds  or  imprisoned  during  three 
months;  for  the  second  ofiense  to  be  fined  ten  pounds  or 
imprisoned  six  months,  and  for  the  third  ofiense  to  be  fined 
one  hundred  pounds  or  transported  beyond  the  seas  for 
seven  years,  and  for  every  feature  of  aggravation  an  addi- 
tional one  hundred  pounds  was  inflicted. 

William  Penn  soon  became  the  victim  of  this  enactment. 
At  the  time  he  was  but  twenty-five  years  of  age,  and  on  the 
14th  of  August,  1670,  went  to  a  Quaker  meeting  house  in 
Gracechurch  Street,  London,  in  company  with  William 
Mead,  an  old  soldier  of  the  Commonwealth  and  draper  in 
the  city  of  London.  They  found  the  meeting-house  closed 
and  the  doors  guarded  by  a  company  of  soldiers.  Unable 
to  enter  the  building,  they  stood  about  until  a  considerable 
crowd  gathered,  when  Penn  removed  his  hat  and  began  to 
address  them.  Seeing  this  movement,  constables  came  for- 
ward and  arrested  him,  together  with  Mead.  Penn  de- 
manded to  be  shown  their  authority  for  this  act  and  the 


8  Wilham  Penn  as  a  Law- Giver. 

officers  at  once  produced  a  warrant  prepared  beforehand 
and  signed  by  the  Lord  Mayor,  Sir  Samuel  Starling.  The 
whole  of  this  drama  had  been  previously  arranged  by  the 
civic  powers,  and  Penn  and  Mead  were  instantly  taken 
from  the  place  of  meeting  to  undergo  examination.  They 
were  committed  to  the  Black  Dog,  a  wretched  sponging 
house  in  Newgate  Market,  to  await  their  trial  at  the  Old 
Bailey. 

On  the  1st  of  September,  1670,  the  two  prisoners  were 
placed  in  the  dock  to  answer  the  charges  brought  against 
them.  I  know  of  no  more  splendid  instance  in  the  volumes 
of  English  state  trials  of  courage,  determination,  address 
and  ample  knowledge  of  the  law  on  the  part  of  any  prisoner 
defending  himself  against  the  power  of  the  Crown,  entirely 
unaided  by  counsel,  because  in  those  days  English  law  in  its 
wisdom,  while  extending  to  every  prisoner  indicted  for  a 
misdemeanor  the  right  to  defend  by  counsel,  denied  such 
right  to  those  charged  with  felonies.  It  is  an  instance,  not 
simply  of  a  Quaker  pleading  for  the  rights  of  conscience, 
but  it  is  that  of  an  Englishman  contending  for  the  ancient 
and  imprescriptible  rights  of  his  race.  It  constitutes  a 
scene  which  ought  to  be  painted  upon  the  panels  of  the 
Capitol  so  that  men  of  future  ages  may  know  what  a  debt 
they  owe  to  the  founder  of  this  Commonwealth  in  establish- 
ing the  rights  of  jurors  to  reach  a  verdict  without  dictation 
or  coercion  from  the  bench.  It  transcends  in  general 
importance,  as  well  as  in  its  special  significance,  viewed 
from  the  standpoint  of  our  State  history,  the  trials  of  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh,  of  Alderman  Cornish  or  of  the  Earl  of 
Stafford.  It  moulded  our  own  local  institutions  and  gave 
them  a  definite  form  in  the  direction  of  securing  to  prisoners 
the  right  to  be  heard  by  counsel  more  than  120  years  in 
advance  of  the  securing  of  the  same  right  to  prisoners  in 
England,  for  it  had  such  an  effect  upon  the  mind  of  young 
Penn  that  when,  fifteen  years  later,  at  the  age  of  forty,  he  sat 
down  to  frame  a  government  for  his  new  province,  he  made 
it  part  of  his  original  framework  that  prisoners  should  have 


William  Penn  as  a  Laic- Giver.  9 

the  right  to  be  heard  either  in  person  or  by  counsel,  a  right 
which  was  not  fully  secured  in  England  until  after  the  year 
1836. 

At  Penn's  trial  there  were  ten  justices  upon  the  bench, 
the  Lord  Mayor  of  London,  five  aldermen,  the  Recorder  ot 
London  and  three  Bherifi,  all  of  whom  acted  as  judicial 
officers.  The  foreman  of  the  jury  was  one  Edward  Bushel, 
whose  name  should  be  held  in  everlasting  remembrance,  as 
I  shall  remind  you  before  the  close  of  this  description.  The 
indictment  charged  that  Penn  and  Mead  addressed  an 
unlawful  and  tumultuous  assembly  and  that  they  had  con- 
spired together  to  speak  and  preach  in  contempt  of  the 
King  and  his  law  to  the  great  disturbance  of  the  peace  and 
to  the  terror  and  disturbance  of  the  King's  subjects,  and 
that  they  had  done  this  while  fully  armed.  The  oflfense 
was  charged  to  have  taken  place  on  the  15th  of  August, 
when,  in  point  of  fact,  it  took  place  on  the  14th.  This 
difiTerence  in  date  occasioned  the  Crown  no  embarrassment 
Not  the  slightest  proof  was  offered  that  Penn  or  Meade 
were  in  arms  or  that  anybody  bore  arms.  Not  the  slightest 
evidence  of  conspiracy  in  support  of  the  charge  was  given, 
and  the  only  scintilla  of  evidence  that  Mead  was  abetting 
Penn  consisted  of  the  fact  that  Mead  wished  to  get  near 
Penn,  but  was  prevented  from  doing  so  because  of  the 
crowd. 

In  order  to  give  you  an  idea  of  the  spirit  and  remarkable 
intellectual  self-possession  with  which  this  young  Quaker 
lad  met,  single-handed,  the  array  of  prosecutors — because 
the  Judges  tiiemselves  forgot  the  maxim  of  the  law  that 
Judges  should  be  counsel  for  the  prisoner,  and  turned  in  to 
bully  and  browbeat  the  prisoner — I  shall  make  several  ex- 
tended extracts  from  the  trial  itself,  as  reported  in  the  State 
trials.  The  Clerk  of  the  Court,  after  arraigning  the  pris- 
oners, called  upon  Penn  to  state  whether  he  was  guilty  as 
he  stood  indicted  in  manner  and  form  or  not  guilty. 
Penn's  reply  was  as  follows : 

"It  is  impossible  that  I  should  be  able  to  remember  the 


10  William  Penn  as  a  Law-Giver. 

indictment  verbatim,  and  I  therefore  desire  a  copy  of  it  as  is 
customary  on  like  occasions. 

"  The  Recorder.  You  must  first  plead  to  the  indictment 
before  you  can  have  a  copy  of  it. 

^^  Penn.  I  am  unacquainted  with  the  formality  of  the 
law,  and  therefore  before  I  shall  answer  I  request  two  things 
of  the  court  First  that  no  advantage  be  taken  against  me, 
nor  I  be  deprived  of  any  benefit  which  I  might  otherwise 
have  received.  Secondly,  that  you  will  promise  me  a  fair 
hearing  and  liberty  of  making  my  defense. 

"  Tfie  Court.  No  advantage  shall  be  taken  against  you 
and  you  shall  have  liberty,  you  shall  be  heard. 

"  Penn.     Then  I  plead  not  guilty  in  matter  and  form." 

The  trial  lasted  for  five  hours  on  the  first  day.  The 
prisoners  were  then  sent  back  to  their  filthy  dungeons  in 
Newgate,  where  they  were  kept  for  two  days  and  were  again 
brought  into  court  on  the  morning  of  the  third  day.  They 
approached  the  courtroom  with  their  hats  on,  but  their  hats 
were  violently  removed  by  an  officer  stationed  at  the  door. 
This  being  seen  by  the  Lord  Mayor,  he  shouted  out  to  the 
officer : 

"  Sirrah,  who  bade  you  take  oflT  their  hats  ?  Put  them  on 
again.'' 

The  prisoners  were  then  brought  to  the  bar  with  their 
heads  covered,  and  this  dialogue  ensued  : 

^^Becorder.  Do  you  know  where  you  are  ? 

''Penn.  Yes. 

"  Recorder.  Do  you  know  this  is  the  King's  Court  ? 

"  Pain.  I  know  it  to  be  a  court,  and  I  suppose  it  to  be  the 
Bang's  Court. 

"  Recorder.  Do  you  know  there  is  respect  due  to  the  Court. 

''Penn.  Yes. 

"  Recorder.  Why  do  you  not  pay  it,  then  ? 

«  Penn.  I  do. 

"  Recorder.  Why  do  you  not  put  oflTyour  hat,  then  ? 

"Penn.  Because  I  do  not  believe  that  to  be  any  respect. 

"  Recorder.  Well,  the  Court  sets  forty  marks  apiece  on 
your  heads  as  a  fine  for  contempt  of  the  Court 


William  Penn  as  a  Law-Giver.  11 

"  Penn.  I  desire  it  may  be  observed  that  we  came  into 
court  with  our  hats  off — that  is,  taken  off — ^and  if  they  have 
been  put  on  since,  as  they  have  been,  it  was  by  order  of 
the  Bench,  and  therefore  not  we  but  the  Bench  should  be 
fined." 

This  was  the  first  indication  of  his  spirit. 

The  jury  then  being  sworn  and  some  evidence  being  given 
by  an  eye-witness  that  there  were  about  three  or  four  hun- 
dred people  present  in  the  streets,  the  witness  was  asked 
whether  he  heard  what  Penn  said,  and  the  answer  was  that 
there  was  such  a  great  noise  that  he  could  not  tell  what  he 
said ;  that  he  supposed  Penn  was  speaking  because  he  saw 
him  make  a  motion  with  his  hands  and  heard  some  noise 
but  could  not  understand  what  was  said.  Penn  then  boldly 
broke  in  and  said : 

"  I  confess  that  I  preached  in  worship  of  God,  but  I  broke 
no  law. 

^^Sheriff.  You  are  not  here  for  worshipping  God ;  you  are 
here  for  breaking  the  laws. 

^^Penn.  I  affirm  I  have  broken  no  law,  nor  am  I  guilty  of 
the  indictment  that  is  laid  to  my  charge.  I  desire,  in  order 
to  have  a  clear  understanding  of  this  procedure,  that  you 
inform  me  by  what  law  it  is  you  prosecute  me,  and  on  what 
law  you  ground  your  indictment. 

^^Recorder.  Upon  the  common  law. 

^^Penn.  Where  is  that  common  law  ? 

^^Recorder.  You  must  not  think  that  I  am  able  to  sum  up 
so  many  years  and  ever  so  many  adjudged  cases  which  we 
call  common  law  to  satisfy  your  curiosity. 

^^Petin,  This  answer  is  very  short  of  my  question.  K  it  be 
common  law  it  ought  not  to  be  so  hard  to  produce. 

^^ Recorder.  Sir,  will  you  plead  to  your  indictment? 

^^Penn.  Shall  I  plead  to  an  indictment  that  has  no  found- 
ation in  law  ?  If  it  contain  that  law  you  say  I  have  broken, 
why  should  you  decline  to  produce  it,  since  it  will  be  im- 
possible for  the  jury  to  determine,  or  agree  to  bring  in  their 
verdict,  who  have  not  the  law  produced  by  which  they 
should  measure  the  truth  of  the  indictment. 


12  WiUiam  Perm  as  a  Laio-Giver. 

^^Becarder.  You  are  a  saucy  fellow.  Speak  to  the  indict- 
ment 

^^Penn.  I  say  it  is  my  place  to  speak  to  matter  of  law.  I 
am  arraigned  a  prisoner.  My  liberty,  which  is  next  to  life 
itself,  is  now  concerned.  You  are  many  against  me ;  and  it 
is  hard  if  I  must  not  make  the  best  of  my  case.  I  say  again, 
unless  you  show  me  and  the  jury  the  law  you  ground  your 
indictment  upon,  I  shall  take  it  for  granted  your  proceedings 
are  merely  arbitrary." 

Hereupon  the  whole  bench  set  at  the  prisoner  and  by  noise 
and  vehemence  tried  to  bear  him  down. 

"  The  Recorder.  The  question  is — ^whether  you  are  guilty 
of  this  indictment. 

^^Penn.  The  question  is  not  whether  I  am  guilty  of  this 
indictment,  but  whether  this  indictment  be  legal.  It  is  too 
general  and  imperfect  an  answer  to  say  it  is  common  law 
unless  we  know  both  where  and  what  it  is,  for  where  there 
is  no  law  there  is  no  transgression,  and  that  law  which  is 
not  in  being,  so  far  from  being  common  law,  is  no  law 
at  all. 

^^Becorder.  You  are  an  impertinent  fellow.  Will  you 
teach  the  court  what  law  is  ?  It  is  Ux  non  scripta.  That 
which  many  have  studied  thirty  or  forty  years  to  know  will 
you  have  me  tell  you  in  a  moment  ? 

"Penn.  Certainly.  K  the  common  law  be  so  hard  to  be 
understood,  it  is  fer  from  being  very  common,  but  if  Lord 
Coke  in  his  Institutes  be  of  any  weight,  he  tells  us  that 
common  law  is  common  right,  and  common  right  is  the 
great  charter  privileges  confirmed  by  9  Henry  III,  Chapter 
29,  by  25  Edward  I,  Chapter  I,  and  by  2  Edward  m. 
Chapter  8. 

(It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  Penn  had  read  law  after 
the  age  of  twenty  at  Lincoln's  Inn.) 

^^Becorder.  Sir,  you  are  a  troublesome  fellow,  and  it  is  not 
for  the  honor  of  the  Court  to  allow  you  to  go  on. 

"P(^m.  I  have  asked  but  one  question  and  you  have  not 
answered  me,  though  the  rights  and  privileges  of  every 
Englishman  are  concerned  in  it. 


William  Penn  as  a  Law-Giver.  13 

^^Becorder.  K I  should  suffer  you  to  ask  questions  until  to- 
morrow morning  you  would  be  never  the  wiser. 

"Pe?i;?.  That  would  be  because  of  the  fault  of  the  answers. 

^^ Recorder.  Sir,  we  must  not  stand  to  hear  you  talk  all 
night 

^^Peiin.  I  desire  no  affront  to  the  court,  but  I  plainly  tell 
you  that  if  you  deny  me  the  oyer  of  that  law  which  you 
affirm  I  have  broken,  you  at  once  deny  me  an  acknowledged 
right  and  evince  to  the  whole  world  your  resolution  to 
sacrifice  the  privileges  of  Englishmen  to  your  arbitrary 
designs. 

"  Recorder.  Take  him  away.  My  Lord  Mayor,  if  you  do 
not  take  some  course  with  this  pestilent  fellow  to  stop  his 
mouth,  we  shall  not  be  able  to  do  anything  to-night 

"  Lord  Mayor.  Take  him  away.  Take  him  away.  Put 
him  into  the  bale  dock." 

The  bale  dock  was  a  dark  hole  below  the  level  of  the 
court  house  floor,  in  the  rear  of  the  room,  and  while  Penn 
was  being  hustled  toward  it  he  exclaimed  to  his  jury  as  he 
passed  the  jurj"  box: 

"  Must  I  be  taken  away  because  I  plead  for  the  funda- 
mental laws  of  England  ?  I  leave  this  on  your  consciences, 
who  are  my  sole  judges,  that  if  these  ancient  fundamental 
laws,  which  relate  to  liberty  and  property,  and  are  not 
limited  to  particular  persuasions  in  matters  of  religion,  must 
not  be  indispensably  maintained,  who  can  say  that  he  has  a 
right  to  the  coat  upon  his  back  ?  K  not,  our  liberties  are 
open  to  be  invaded,  our  wives  ravished,  our  children  en- 
slaved, our  families  ruined,  our  estates  led  away  in  triumph." 

This  left  Mead  alone  at  the  bar,  while  Penn  remained  an 
attentive  listener  in  the  rear  of  the  room,  but  out  of  sight  of 
everything  that  was  occurring.  The  Recorder  then  wheeled 
sharply  upon  Mead,  the  old  Captain  of  Cromwell,  and  put 
this  question : 

"  What  say  you,  Mr.  Mead,  were  you  there  ? 

"  Mead.  It  is  a  maxim  of  English  law  that  no  man  is 
bound  to  accuse  himself.     Why  dost  thou  offer  to  ensnare 


14  WiUiam  Perm  as  a  Law-Oiver. 

me  with  snch  a  question  ?  Is  this  like  unto  a  Judge  that 
ought  to  be  counsel  for  the  prisoner  at  the  bar  ? 

"  Recorder.  Hold  your  tongue,  sirrah.  I  did  not  go  about 
to  ensnare  you." 

The  old  soldier,  with  his  hands  filled  with  notes  supplied 
to  him  by  Penn,  then  turned  from  the  bench  to  the  jury 
box  and  asked  the  jurors  to  interrogate  the  court  as  to  what 
constituted  a  riot  and  an  unlawful  assembly.  The  Lord 
Mayor  exclaimed : 

"  You  deserve  to  have  your  tongue  cut  out 

"  Mead.  Thou  didst  promise  me  I  should  have  liberty  to 
be  heard.     May  I  not  have  the  privilege  of  all  Englishmen  ? 

"  Recorder.  I  look  upon  you  to  be  an  enemy  to  the  laws  ot 
England,  which  ought  to  be  preserved  and  kept,  and  you  are 
not  worthy  of  the  privilege  that  others  have." 

Thereupon  the  Court  ordered  Mead  to  be  removed  to  the 
bale  dock,  and  in  the  absence  of  both  the  prisoners  the 
Court  proceeded  to  charge  the  jury  as  follows  : 

''You,  Gentlemen  of  the  Jury,  have  heard  what  the  in- 
dictment is.  It  is  for  preaching  to  the  people  and  drawing 
a  tumultuous  company  after  them  and  Mr.  Penn  was 
speaking.  If  they  should  not  be  disturbed  you  will  see  they 
will  go  on.  There  are  three  or  four  witnesses  that  proved 
this;  that  Mr.  Penn  did  preach  and  that  Mr.  Mead  did 
allow  it.  After  this,  you  have  heard  from  substantial  wit- 
nesses what  is  said  against  them. 

"  Penn.  (shouting  from  the  dock  at  the  top  of  his  voice) 
I  appeal  to  the  jury,  who  are  my  judges,  and  to  this  great 
assembly,  whether  the  proceedings  of  the  court  are  not 
most  arbitrary  and  void  of  law  in  offering  to  give  the  jury 
their  charge  in  the  absence  of  the  prisoners.  I  say  it  is 
directly  opposed  and  destructive  to  the  right  of  every 
English  prisoner,  as  declared  by  Coke  in  2'*  Institute,  29, 
on  the  chapter  of  Magna  Charta. 

Recorder,  (with  biting  sarcasm)  Why,  you  are  present. 
You  do  hear,  do  you  ? 

"  Penn.  No  thanks  to  the  court  that  put  me  into  this  bale 


WilUam  Perm  as  a  Law-Oiver.  15 

dock.  You,  gentlemen  of  the  jury,  take  notice  that  I  have 
not  been  heard.  You  cannot  legally  depart  this  court  be- 
fore I  have  been  folly  heard.  I  have  at  least  ten  or  twelve 
material  points  to  offer  in  order  to  invalidate  the  indictment. 

"  Recorder.  Pull  that  fellow  down ;  pull  him  down.  Take 
him  to  Newgate.  To  hear  him  talk  doth  not  become  the 
honor  of  the  court" 

So  the  prisoners  were  taken  out  of  the  bale  dock  and  car- 
ried off  to  the  hole  in  Newgate,  the  nastiest  place  in  the 
most  loathesome  jail  in  England,  a  den  which  Penn  describes 
as  so  noisesome  that  the  Lord  Mayor  would  not  think  it  was 
fit  for  his  pigs  to  lie  in.  The  Recorder  then  commanded 
the  jury  to  agree  in  their  verdict,  and  they  retired  and  the 
court  remained  sitting.  After  an  hour  and  a  half  had  passed 
the  jury  walked  into  court  and  said  they  could  not  agree 
upon  a  verdict.  The  rage  of  the  bench  broke  forth,  and 
directed  itself  upon  Edward  Bushel,  the  foreman. 

"  Recorder,  (addressing  the  Foreman)  You,  sir,  are  the 
cause  of  this  disturbance.     I  shall  set  a  mark  on  you." 

Sir  John  Robinson,  one  of  the  Aldermen,  then  exclaimed : 

"  I  know  you.  You  thrust  yourself  on  this  jury.  I  tell 
you  you  deserve  to  be  indicted  more  than  any  man  that  has 
been  indicted  this  day. 

"  Lord  Mayor.  Sirrah,  you  are  an  impertinent  fellow.  I 
will  put  a  mark  on  you." 

The  jury  then  retired,  and  after  an  absence  of  four  hours, 
they  were  sent  for,  and  Penn  and  Mead  being  sent  for, 
silence  was  commanded. 

"  The  Clerk.  Are  you  agreed  on  your  verdict  ? 

^^  Foreman.  Yes. 

"  Clerk.  How  say  you  ?  Is  William  Penn  guilty  of  the 
matter  whereof  he  stands  indicted,  in  manner  and  in  form, 
or  not  guilty  ? 

"  Foreman.  Guilty  of  speaking  in  Gracechurch  street. 

"  Cmirt.  Is  that  all  ? 

"  Foreman.  That  is  all. 

"  Recorder.  You  may  as  well  say  nothing. 

"  Lord  Mayor.  Was  it  not  an  unlawfol  assembly  ?" 


16  William  Perm  as  a  Law-Giver. 

The  foreman  explidned  that  on  that  point  the  jury  had 
not  agreed.  The  court  then  undertook  to  converse  with 
each  juryman  separately,  so  as  to  influence  them  in  detail. 
Some  of  them,  being  weak-kneed,  expressed  themselves  in 
fevor  of  the  views  of  the  bench,  but  Bushel,  the  foreman, 
John  Hammond,  and  three  others  declared  that  they  would 
not  admit  any  such  term  as  unlawful  assembly  into  the  ver- 
dict.    The  Lord  Mayor  then  said, — 

"  The  law  of  England  will  not  allow  you  to  depart  until 
you  have  given  in  your  verdict. 

"  Foremmi.  We  have  given  in  our  verdict  We  can  pve 
no  other. 

"  Recorder.  You  have  not  given  in  your  verdict.  You 
had  aa  good  say  nothing  as  what  you  have  said.  Therefore 
go  and  consider  it  once  more.*' 

The  jury  again  retired,  requesting  pen,  ink  and  paper. 
After  another  hour  and  a  half  they  returned  with  a  written 
verdict  that  Penn  was  guilty  of  speaking  to  an  assembly  in 
Gracechurch  Street,  and  acquitting  William  Mead.  This 
was  signed  by  all  twelve.  The  Lord  Mayor  then  broke  out 
into  a  fearful  passion,  shouting  at  the  jury : 

"  Will  you  be  led  by  such  a  silly  fellow  as  Bushel — an 
impudent,  canting  knave  ?  I  warrant  you,  you  shall  not 
come  upon  juries  again  in  a  hurry." 

The  Recorder  said, — 

"  You  shall  not  be  dismissed  until  you  bring  in  a  verdict 
which  the  court  will  accept  You  shall  be  locked  up  with- 
out  meat,  drink,  fire  or  tobacco.  We  will  have  a  verdict 
by  the  help  of  God,  or  you  shall  starve  to  death  for  it. 

"  Penn.  My  jury,  who  are  my  judges,  ought  not  to  be  thus 
menaced  or  threatened.  Their  verdict  should  be  free— not 
forced. 

^^Recarder.  Stop  that  fellow's  mouth, or  put  him  outof  court. 

^^Lord  Mayor,  to  the  Jury:  You  have  heard  that  he 
preached,  that  he  gathered  a  company  of  tumultuous  people, 
and  they  not  only  disobeyed  the  martial  law  but  the  civil 
law  also. 


William  Perm  as  a  Law- Giver.  17 

^^  Penn.  That  is  a  mistake.  We  did  not  make  any 
tumult  The  jury  cannot  be  so  ignorant  as  to  think  we  met 
there  to  disturb  the  peace.  It  is  well  known  that  the 
Quakers  are  a  peaceable  people,  never  offering  violence  to 
any  man,  but  we  were  kept  out  of  our  own  meeting-house 
by  force  of  arms." 

The  Court  ordered  the  jury  to  be  locked  up  and  the  pris- 
oners were  again  taken  back  to  Newgate.  On  the  road  out 
of  the  court-house  Penn  exclaimed  to  the  jury, — 

"  The  agreement  of  twelve  men  is  a  verdict  in  the  law. 
The  verdict  has  been  given  and  I  require  that  it  shall  be 
recorded  by  the  clerk,  as  he  will  answer  at  his  peril.  K  the 
jury  bring  in  another  verdict,  contrary  to  that  which  they 
have  reached,  I  affirm  they  are  perjured  men.'* 

Then,  turning  to  his  jurors,  "You  are  Englishmen. 
Mind  your  privileges.     Give  not  away  your  rights." 

Two  of  the  jury  pleaded  that  they  were  sick.  The  Lord 
Mayor  said  "  You  are  just  as  strong  as  any  of  them.  Hold 
your  principles — and  starve. 

"  The  Becorder,    The  court  is  resolved  to  have  a  verdict." 

The  whole  jury  exclaimed  "  We  are  agreed ;  we  are 
agreed ;  we  are  agreed  ! 

"  The  Court.    We  will  not  take  that  verdict" 

They  were  again  locked  up. 

Next  morning,  being  Sunday,  the  court  was  crowded  as 
before  to  see  the  prisoners  and  hear  the  verdict  At  seven 
o'clock  the  names  of  the  jury  were  called  over  and  each 
man  answered  his  name  and  the  clerk  inquired  if  they  were 
agreed.     They  replied  that  they  were. 

"  Clerk.     Guilty  or  not  guilty. 

"  Foreman.  William  Penn  is  guilty  of  speaking  in  Grace- 
church  Street. 

"  Lord  Mayor.     To  an  unlawful  assembly  ? 

^<  Bushel.  No,  my  Lord.  We  give  no  other  verdict  than 
we  have  given  before. 

"  Lord  Mayor.  You  are  a  factious  fellow ;  I  will  take  a 
course  with  you. 

VOL.  XXX. — 2 


18  WUliam  Perm  as  a  Law-Giver. 

"  Alderman  Bloodtcorthy.  I  knew  the  foreman  would  not 
yield. 

^^  Bushel.  Sir  Thomas,  I  have  done  according  to  my 
conscience. 

"  Lord  Mayor.  That  conscience  of  yours  would  cut  my 
throat 

"  Bushel.     No,  my  lord,  it  never  shall. 

"  Lord  Mayor.     I  will  cut  yours  just  as  soon  as  I  can. 

"  Recorder.  I  will  have  a  positive  verdict  or  else  you  shall 
starve. 

^^Penn.  I  desire  to  ask  the  Recorder  a  question.  Do 
you  allow  the  verdict  given  an  acquittal  of  William  Mead  ? 

^^  Recorder.  It  cannot  be  a  verdict  because  you  are  in- 
dicted for  conspiracy — and  one  being  found  not  guilty  and 
not  the  other,  it  is  no  verdict. 

"  Penn.  If  not  guilty  be  no  verdict,  then  you  make  of 
the  jury  and  of  the  great  charter  a  mere  nose  of  wax. 

"  Mead.    How !     Is  *not  guilty'  no  verdict  ? 

"  Recorder.     No,  it  is  no  verdict. 

"  Penn.  I  affirm  that  the  consent  of  the  jury  is  a  verdict 
in  law,  and  if  William  Mead  be  not  guilty  it  follows  that  I 
am  clear,  since  you  have  indicted  us  for  conspiracy  and  I 
could  not  possibly  conspire  alone." 

Another  scene  of  confusion  ensued.  The  jury  were  again 
sent  from  the  room,  and  again  returned  with  the  same  ver- 
dict, "  Guilty  of  speaking  in  Gracechurch  Street" 

The  Lord  Mayor  then  exclaimed  to  the  Jury :  "  Have 
you  no  more  wit  than  to  be  led  by  such  a  pitiful  fellow  as 
the  foreman  ?  I  will  slit  his  nose."  (Slitting  of  noses  was  a 
common  method  of  disfigurement  in  those  days,  and  many 
of  the  old  portraits  of  the  public  men  indicate  it) 

"  Pain.  It  is  intolerable  that  my  jury  should  be  thus 
menaced.  Is  this  according  to  fundamental  law?  What 
hope  is  there  of  having  justice  done  when  juries  are  threat- 
ended  and  their  verdicts  rejected  ? 

^^Recorder.  My  lord,  you  must  take  a  course  with  the 
fellow. 


William  Penn  as  a  Law^Oiver.  19 

"  Lord  Mayor.  Stop  that  fellow's  mouth.  Bring  fetters. 
Stake  him  to  the  ground. 

"  Penn.    Do  your  will.     I  do  not  care  for  your  fetters. 

"  Juror.  We  ought  not  be  sent  out  again.  We  have  all 
agreed  and  set  our  hands  to  the  verdict. 

^^Becorder.  Your  verdict  is  not  accepted.  You  play  with 
the  court  I  say  you  shall  go  out  again  and  bring  in  another 
verdict,  and  starve,  and  I  will  have  you  carted  about  the 
streets  as  in  Edward  Ill's  time. 

^^Lord  Mayor.  Take  them  up  to  their  room. 

^^  Officer.  My  lord,  they  will  not  go." 

The  Bench  then  commanded  the  Sheriff  to  use  force  to 
compel  them  to  retire,  and  the  jury  were  deliberately  fopced 
by  an  overwhelming  physical  exertion  back  to  their  room, 
and,  although  they  had  been  thirty  hours  without  food, 
water,  fire  or  tobacco,  they  were  again  locked  up  and 
endured  the  agony  of  another  night  of  fever  and  thirst. 
Some  wavered  and  wandered  in  their  thoughts.  Some 
wished  to  give  way,  but  Bushel  and  Hammond  stood  firm. 
On  the  following  morning  at  sunrise  the  prisoners  were  again 
placed  at  the  bar  and  the  jury  were  sent  for.  Silence  was 
commanded  and  the  Clerk  again  put  the  question  <<Are 
you  agreed  upon  your  verdict  ? 

"jFbreman.  We  are. 

"  Clerk.  Look  on  the  prisoner.  What  say  you  ?  Is  Wil- 
liam Penn  guilty  of  the  matter  whereof  he  stands  indicted 
in  manner  and  form  or  not  guilty  ? 

^^Foreman.  The  verdict  is  in  writing. 

''Clerk.  I  will  read  it. 

''Recorder.  No,  it  is  no  verdict.  The  court  will  not  ac- 
cept it 

"Foreman.  If  you  will  not  accept  the  paper  I  desire  to 
have  the  paper  back  again. 

"  Court.  The  paper  was  no  verdict  and  no  advantage  shall 
be  taken  of  you  for  having  written  it.  We  will  take  it 
orally. 

"Clerk.  How  say  you?  Is  William  Penn  guilty  or  not 
guilty  ? 


20  William  Penn  as  a  LauhGiver. 

^^Foreman.  Not  guilty." 

The  jury  was  then  polled  and  every  man  answered  "  Not 
guilty."  The  case,  however,  did  not  end  here.  The  court 
immediately  fined  the  jurors  for  contempt,  and  in  default  of 
payment  committed  them  to  Newgate.  Penn  being  acquitted, 
demanded  that  he  be  freed. 

"  The  Lord  Mayor.  No,  you  are  in  contempt  of  court,  for 
having  come  in  with  your  hat  on,  and  I  fined  you  and  the 
fine  has  not  yet  been  paid. 

"Pe/m.  I  ask  if  it  be  according  to  the  fundamental  laws 
of  England  that  any  Englishman  should  be  fined  except  by 
the  judgment  of  his  peers.  The  29th  chapter  of  the  Great 
Charter  of  England  says  no  free  man  ought  to  be  amerced 
except  by  the  oath  of  good  and  lawful  men  of  the  vicinage. 

^^Jiecorder.  Take  him  away.     Put  him  out  of  the  court. 

^^Penn.  I  can  never  urge  the  fundamental  laws  of  Eng- 
land but  you  cry  out  *Take  him  away;  take  him  away.'  But 
this  is  no  wonder  since  the  spirit  of  the  Spanish  Inquisition 
sits  in  your  heart." 

The  prisoners  and  the  jurors  all  stubbornly  refiised  to  pay 
their  fines.  Penn  wrote  daily  letters  to  his  father.  The 
jurors  remained  firm,  and  then  Penn  made  a  suggestion 
that  the  foreman  and  his  fellow  jurors  should  bring  an 
action  against  the  Judges  for  unjust  imprisonment,  and  the 
action  was  accordingly  brought  against  the  Lord  Mayor,  the 
Sherift'and  the  Recorder.  The  jurors  being  still  confined 
to  court,  a  writ  of  habeas  corpus  was  issued  to  the  governor 
of  the  jail  to  bring  up  their  persons,  and  the  case  was  argued 
by  Newdegate,  Waller  and  Broome,  as  counsel  for  the 
prisoners,  and  by  Scrogg,  afterwards  the  infiamous  Chief 
Justice,  for  the  King.  What  took  place  is  reported  in 
Vaughan's  Reports,  pages  135  to  138. 

The  decision  of  Lord  Chief  Justice  Vaughan  is  a  splendid 
exposition  of  the  rights  of  jurors  and  it  gave  judgment  in 
favor  of  the  jurors.  They  were  consequently  ordered  to  be 
set  at  liberty  in  open  court.  Ten  of  the  other  eleven  judges 
agreed  in  the  judgment  given  by  Sir  John  Vaughan,  the 


William  Perm  as  a  Late-Giver.  21 

Chief  Baron  abstaining  from  giving  an  opinion  as  he  had 
not  been  present  at  the  time  of  the  argument.  The  reason, 
concisely  stated  by  the  Lord  Chief  Justice,  was  because  the 
jury  could  not  be  coerced  into  their  view  of  the  facts ;  that 
the  fiwts  were  solely  for  them,  and  questions  of  law  alone 
for  the  court;  and,  moreover,  because  the  jury  might  know 
of  their  own  knowledge  facts  unknown  to  the  Court. 

The  importance  of  this  extraordinary  trial  can  scarcely 
be  overestimated,  inasmuch  as  a  stand  had  been  taken  once 
for  all  upon  the  ancient  liberties  of  Englishmen,  and  it 
established  the  rights  of  juries  as  a  power  to  check  the 
encroachments  of  an  unjust  government.  At  the  present 
day  we  can  distinctly  realize  the  service  rendered  to  posterity 
by  this  noble  defense,  and  it  is  not  exaggeration  to  say  that 
this  trial  of  Penn,  followed  by  the  trial  of  Bushel,  infused 
new  life  into  the  institution  of  the  jury.  In  the  meantime. 
Admiral  Penn,  finding  that  neither  his  son  nor  Mead  would 
pay  the  fine,  and  that  the  jurors  were  too  poor,  sent  and  by 
secret  hand  paid  the  fines  himself,  and  thus  discharged  them 
from  Newgate. 

William  Penn  expressed  his  political  philosophy  in  a  very 
concise  form  in  the  preface  to  his  frame  of  Government  of 
Pennsylvania,  prepared  in  1682 :  he  wrote  "  I  know  what 
is  said  by  the  several  admirers  of  monarchy,  aristocracy  and 
democracy,  which  are  the  rule  of  one,  a  few,  and  many,  and 
are  the  three  common  ideas  of  government,  when  men  dis- 
course on  the  subject.  But  I  chuse  to  solve  the  controversy 
with  this  small  distinction,  and  it  belongs  to  all  three  :  Any 
government  is  free  to  the  people  under  it  (whatever  be  the 
frame)  where  the  laws  rule,  and  the  people  are  a  party  to 
those  laws,  and  more  than  this  is  tyranny,  oligarchy,  or  con- 
fusion. Governments  like  clocks  go  from  the  motion  men 
give  them ;  and  as  governments  are  made  and  moved  by 
men,  so  by  them  they  are  ruined  too.  Wherefore  govern- 
ments rather  depend  upon  men,  than  men  upon  govern- 
ments. Let  men  bt  good,  and  the  government  cannot  be 
bad;  if  it  be  ill  they  will  cure  it.     But  if  men  be  bad,  let 


22  William  Penn  as  a  Law-Giver. 

the  government  be  never  so  good,  they  will  endeavor  to 
warp  and  spoil  it  to  their  turn." 

The  great  end  of  all  government  he  declared  to  be  "  to 
support  power  in  reverence  with  the  people,  and  to  secure 
the  people  from  the  abuse  of  power ;  that  they  may  be  free 
by  their  just  obedience  and  the  magistrates  honorable,  for 
their  just  administration :  for  liberty  without  obedience  is 
confiision,  and  obedience  without  liberty  is  slavery." 

In  carrying  out  these  general  principles,  he  was  practical, 
wise  and  fer  seeing.  In  the  concessions  agreed  upon  by 
him  and  the  adventurers  or  purchasers  he  introduced  many 
provisions  intended  to  promote  the  growth  and  development 
of  his  province,  in  all  of  which  we  can  readily  discern  the 
germs  of  much  of  our  present,  as  well  as  proposed  legis- 
lation. Thus  by  the  10th  Concession  it  is  provided  "  That 
every  man  shall  be  bound  to  plant,  or  man,  so  much  of  his 
share  of  land  as  shall  be  set  out  and  surveyed,  within  three 
years  after  it  is  so  set  out  and  surveyed,  or  else  it  shall  be 
lawful  for  new  comers  to  be  settled  thereupon,  paying  to 
them  their  survey  money,  and  they  go  up  higher  for  their 
shares."  In  the  18th  Concession  he  provided  that  "  In  clear- 
ing the  ground,  care  be  taken  to  leave  one  acre  of  trees  for 
every  five  acres  cleared,  especially  to  preserve  oak  and  mul- 
berries, for  silk  and  shipping." 

Here  was  a  wise  forecast  of  our  forestry  laws,  as  well  as  a 
recognition  of  the  importance  of  the  silk  and  shipping  in- 
dustries. 

In  the  11th  Concession  he  anticipated  our  present  laws 
now  sought  to  be  amended,  relating  to  scales,  weights  and 
measures,  for  he  provided  that  "  There  shall  be  no  buying 
and  selling,  be  it  with  an  Indian,  or  one  among  another,  of 
any  goods  to  be  exported,  but  what  shall  be  performed  in 
public  market,  when  such  places  shall  be  set  apart  or 
erected,  where  they  shall  pass  the  public  stamp  or  mark. 
If  bad  ware  and  prized  as  good,  or  deceitful  in  proportion, 
of  weight,  to  forfeit  the  value,  as  of  good  and  full  weight 
and  proportion,  to  the  public  treasury  of  this  province. 


William  Perm  as  a  Law-Oiver,  23 

whether  it  be  the  merchandize  of  the  Indian,  or  that  of  the 
planters." 

In  the  12th  Concession  he  anticipated  the  spirit  of  oar 
pure  food  legislation  by  providing  "And  forasmuch,  as  it  is 
usual  with  the  planters  to  overreach  the  poor  natives  of  the 
country  in  trade,  by  goods  not  being  good  of  the  kind,  or 
debased  with  mixtures  with  which  they  are  sensibly  ag- 
grieved, it  is  agreed,  whatever  is  sold  to  the  Indians,  in 
consideration  of  their  furs,  shall  be  sold  in  the  market  place, 
and  there  suffer  the  test,  whether  good  or  bad ;  if  good,  to 
'  pass ;  if  not  good,  not  to  be  sold  for  good,  that  the  natives 
may  not  be  abused,  nor  provoked." 

In  the  18th  Concession  he  provided  against  wrongs 
sought  to  be  perpetrated  upon  the  Indians,  and  for  an 
adjustment  by  a  mixed  tribunal,  consisting  of  six  planters 
and  six  natives,  so  that  natives  and  planters  might  live  in 
friendly  intercourse,  preventing  all  occasions  of  heart-burn- 
ings and  mischief,  "That  no  man  shall,  by  any  ways  or 
means,  in  word  or  deed,  affront  or  wrong  any  Indian,"  he 
incurring  the  same  penalty  of  the  law  as  if  he  had  com- 
mitted it  against  his  fellow  planter,  and  if  any  Indian  shall 
abuse  in  word  or  deed  any  planter,  the  planter  should  not 
be  his  own  judge  upon  the  Indian,  but  make  his  complaint 
to  the  Governor  of  the  Province,  or  deputy,  or  some  inferior 
magistrate,  so  that  justice  might  be  done  between  the  white 
and  the  red  man. 

In  the  framework  of  his  government,  consisting  of  the 
laws  agreed  upon  in  England,  he  provided  for  the  freedom 
and  purity  of  elections  by  declaring,  in  the  third  paragraph, 
that  all  elections  of  members  or  representatives  of  the  people 
and  freemen  of  the  province  to  serve  in  the  provincial 
council  or  general  assembly  should  be  free  and  voluntary, 
and  that  any  elector  receiving  any  reward  or  gift  in  meat, 
drink,  monies,  or  otherwise,  should  forfeit  his  franchise,  and 
that  any  person  who  should  directly  or  indirectly  give 
promise  or  bestow  any  such  reward  to  be  elected,  should  for- 
feit his  election  and  be  incapable  to  serve.     The  Provincial 


24  WiUiam  Perm  as  a  Law-Oiver. 

Council  and  the  general  assembly  to  be  the  judges  of  the 
regularity  or  irregularity  of  the  elections  of  their  own  re- 
spective members.  In  this  we  see  the  great  features  of  our 
present  legislation  relating  to  the  subject 

He  anticipated  the  doctrine  of  no  taxation  without  repre- 
sentation,  by  providing,  in  the  fourth  paragraph,  that  no 
money  or  goods  should  be  raised  upon  or  paid  by  any  of 
the  people  of  the  province,  by  way  of  public  tax,  custom  or 
contribution,  but  by  a  law  for  that  purpose  made ;  and  who- 
ever should  levy,  collect  or  pay  any  money  or  goods  con- 
trary thereto,  should  be  held  a  public  enemy  to  the  province 
and  a  betrayer  of  the  liberties  of  the  people. 

He  declared  that  all  courts  should  be  open  and  that 
justice  should  neither  be  sold,  denied  nor  delayed.  That  in 
all  courts,  all  persons  of  all  persuasions  might  freely  appear 
in  their  own  way  and  according  to  their  own  manner,  and 
there  personally  plead  their  own  cause  themselves;  or  if 
unable,  by  their  friend.  This  clearly  gave  the  right  to 
counsel  and  was  suggested  by  his  own  trying  personal 
experience.  Under  the  seventh  section  he  simplified  all 
pleadings,  processes  and  records  in  court  by  declaring  that 
they  should  be  short  and  in  English,  and  in  an  ordinary 
and  plain  character,  so  that  they  might  be  understood  and 
justice  speedily  administered.  He  established  the  right  to 
trial  by  jury  by  declaring  that  all  trials  should  be  by  twelve 
men,  as  near  as  may  be,  peers  and  equals,  and  of  the  neigh- 
borhood, and  that  the  twelve  men  "shall  have  the  final 
judgment.'' 

In  the  ninth  paragraph  he  declared  that  fees  in  all  cases 
should  be  moderate  and  settled  by  the  provincial  council, 
and  that  a  table  thereof  should  be  hung  up  in  every  respective 
court,  and  that  any  one  convicted  of  taking  more  should  be 
made  to  pay  two-fold  and  be  dismissed  from  his  employ- 
ment. 

In  the  tenth  section  he  converted  all  prisons  into  work- 
houses for  felons,  vagrants  and  loose  and  idle  persons,  and 
established  one  in  every  county.     He  made  all  prisoners 


William  Perm  as  a  Law- Giver.  26 

bailable  by  safficient  sureties,  except  for  capital  offences, 
where  the  proof  was  evident  or  the  presumption  great  He 
gave  double  damages  agunst  the  informer  or  prosecutor  to 
all  persons  wrongfully  imprisoned  or  prosecuted  at  law. 
He  declared  that  all  persons  should  be  free  as  to  fees,  food 
and  lodging.  In  the  fourteenth  section  he  subjected  all 
lands  and  goods  to  the  payment  of  debts  except  where  there 
was  legal  issue,  and  then  all  the  goods  and  one-half  of  the 
land  only.  In  doing  this  he  anticipated  statutes  passed  in 
England  in  the  reign  of  George  the  IH  and  William  the 
IV.  He  also  anticipated  the  spirit  of  our  statute  of  wills  by 
declaring  that  all  wills  in  writing,  attested  by  two  witnesses, 
should  be  of  the  same  force  as  to  lands  as  other  conveyances, 
being  legally  proved  within  forty  days,  either  within  or 
without  the  province. 

He  established  a  registry  for  births,  marriages,  burials, 
wills  and  letters  of  administration,  distinct  from  all  other 
registers.  In  doing  this  he  accomplished  a  result  which 
England  had  in  vain  attempted  to  establish  by  statute,  and 
recognizing  the  importance  of  a  registry  of  conveyances  he 
provided  for  the  enrollment  and  registry  of  conveyances  of 
land,  enacting  it  into  a  provision  in  the  great  law  passed  at 
Chester  immediately  after  his  landing  and  this  law,  though 
variously  modified,  has  continued  to  the  present  time. 

Judge  Sergeant  in  his  book  upon  the  land  law  of  Penn- 
sylvania, declares  "  On  this  stock  our  system  of  convey- 
ancing is  grafted;  for  it  will  be  found  it  was  chiefly  in  order 
to  promote  the  registry  of  conveyances,  that  a  peculiar 
eflicacy  was  given  to  them  by  the  act  of  assembly  of  FTIS, 
which  constitutes  the  foundation  of  our  present  system  of 
conveyancing."  By  the  28th  section  he  provided  that  all 
children  within  the  province,  of  the  age  of  twelve  years, 
should  be  taught  some  useful  trade  or  skill  to  the  end  that 
none  might  be  idle;  that  the  poor  might  work  to  live  and 
the  rich,  if  they  became  poor,  might  not  want.  He  pro- 
vided for  the  liberty  of  conscience  by  declaring  "  No  man 
shall  be  molested  or  prejudiced  for  their  religious  persuasion. 


26  WUliam  Penn  as  a  Law-Giver, 

or  be  compelled  to  frequent  or  maintain  any  religious  worship 
or  ministry  contrary  to  his  mind,  but  shall  fully  and  freely 
enjoy  his  Christian  liberty  in  all  respects  without  molesta- 
tion or  interruption." 

He  laid  the  foundation  for  the  public  schools  by  declaring 
that  the  governor  and  provincial  council  shall  erect  an  order 
of  public  schools,  and  encourage  and  reward  the  authors  of 
usefril  sciences  and  laudable  inventions  in  the  said  provinces. 
In  the  30th  section  he  declared  ^^  That  all  scandalous  and 
malicious  reporters,  backbiters,  defamers  and  spreaders  of 
false  news,  whether  against  Magistrates  or  private  persons, 
shall  be  accordingly  severely  punished,  as  enemies  to  the 
peace  and  concord  of  this  province." 

He  severed  Church  from  State,  secured  the  rights  of  con- 
science, wedded  religious  liberty  to  civil  security;  encour- 
aged immigration;  armed  the  citizens  with  the  ballot;  con- 
verted prisons  into  workhouses ;  abolished  the  infamy  of 
jailers'  fees;  punished  perjury  and  extortion;  destroyed  mul- 
tiplicity of  suits;  overturned  the  inequalities  of  primogeni- 
ture ;  suppressed  piracy,  assailed  vice ;  stripped  the  criminal 
law  of  ferocious  punishment;  encouraged  literature;  re- 
warded science,  and  thus  strove  to  secure  the  peace,  purity 
and  happiness  of  his  people. 

In  all  these  provisions  we  recognize  the  great  features  of 
our  State  jurisprudence,  and  on  critically  comparing  them 
with  the  condition  of  the  law  that  then  prevailed  in  Eng- 
land and  with  all  that  has  been  since  accomplished  by 
Howard,  Romilly,  Brougham,  Peel  and  Gladstone,  we  are 
astounded  at  the  extent  and  boldness  of  his  innovations. 

To  sum  up  the  main  incidents  in  his  career  it  is  seen  that 
his  preparation  for  his  crowning  work  had  been  ample  and 
peculiar.  He  was  the  son  of  an  English  Admiral,  illustrious 
and  successful  in  the  days  when  the  English  admirals 
triumphed  over  the  greatest  of  the  Dutch.  He  went  to 
Christ  Church  College,  Oxford,  at  the  age  of  16,  and  there 
met  John  Locke,  the  great  philosopher.  Two  years  later, 
because  of  his  religious  views,  he  was  expelled  from  College 


WUUam  Penn  as  a  Law-Oiver.  27 

and  in  consequence  was  turned  out  of  doors  by  his  father, 
travelled  in  France  and  in  Italy,  fought  with  a  desperado  in 
the  streets  of  Paris,  and  was  skillful  enough  in  fencing  to 
strike  his  opponent's  sword  from  his  hands,  but  he  chival- 
rously declined  to  stab  to  death  his  disarmed  enemy  as  he 
had  a  right  to  do  under  the  code.  He  studied  theology 
under  Moses  Amyrault,  a  famous  divine  of  the  time,  at  the 
Protestant  College  at  Saumur.  He  subsequently  studied 
law  at  Lincoln's  Inn.  He  read  with  attention  Lord  Coke 
and  Magna  Charta,  and  made  each  word  of  gold  his  own. 
He  kindled  at  the  protest  of  the  Barons  at  Runnymede,  and 
breathed  a  similar  spirit  of  defiance.  He  had  scanned  the 
whole  fabric  of  social  freedom  and  pen  in  hand,  had  traced 
to  their  fountains  the  liberties  of  Englishmen.  In  his  own 
person  he  had  felt  the  fierce  grasp  of  arbitrary  power,  and 
suffered  the  horrors  of  the  dock  and  the  jail.  The  inner 
light  had  dispersed  the  darkness  of  his  cell,  and  his  soul  had 
expanded  beneath  the  ministry  of  Fox.  He  had  divined 
the  truth  that  about  the  person  and  the  mind  of  man  there 
is  something  too  sacred  for  even  the  anointed  fingers  of  a 
king  to  touch.  He  had  seen  the  flames  curl  about  Eliza- 
beth Gaunt  and  had  gazed  on  the  mutilated  limbs  of  Henry 
Cornish  at  Cheapside.  He  had  debated  the  loftiest  proposi- 
tions of  government  with  Algernon  Sydney;  he  had  talked 
with  John  Milton  of  Pym  and  Hamden,  and  dreamed  with 
Sir  Thomas  More  and  Harrington  of  the  ideal  state.  He 
had  seen  at  Whitehall  the  pleasure  barks  of  Charles  II 
launched  upon  the  tears  of  his  subjects.  He  had  witnessed 
with  disgust  the  exaltation  of  vice  and  the  despair  of  virtue, 
and  marked  the  coarse  and  cruel  contrast  between  the 
features  of  royalty  and  his  own  unrealized  democracy.  His 
mind  was  a  battleground.  The  superstition  of  the  past  and 
the  iron  tyranny  of  the  present  met  the  hopes  of  the  future 
and  convulsed  his  soul  as  by  the  shock  of  arms.  The  result 
was  a  paradox.  A  friend  of  the  people,  he  was  the  favorite 
of  Kings ;  a  man  of  peace,  yet  the  apostie  of  progress ;  an 
advocate  of  toleration,  yet  the  champion  of  aggressive  re- 


28  WUliam  Penn  as  a  Law-Oiver. 

form;  an  angel  of  mercy,  yet  a  bolt  of  destruction;  the  herald 
of  the  things  to  be,  the  executioner  of  the  things  that  are. 
With  such  singular  characteristics,  trained  in  such  schools, 
and  not  without  experience  in  the  work  of  colonization, 
endowed  by  nature  with  an  intellect  bold  and  commanding, 
and  a  heart  gentle  and  benevolent,  sustained  by  an  unfiedter- 
ing  trust  in  God,  holding  the  charter  of  a  matchless  Pro- 
vince, he  resolved,  in  the  prime  of  vigorous  manhood,  to 
follow  the  Pilgrims  across  the  sea,  and  build  a  great  gov- 
ernment of  the  people,  founded  upon  mercy  and  justice, 
walled  in  by  truth,  peace,  love  and  plenty,  crowned  by 
virtue,  liberty  and  independence,  the  refuge  and  abiding 
place  of  persecuted  man. 

We  are  told  by  Plutarch  that  Lycurgus,  charmed  with 
the  beauty  and  greatness  of  his  political  establishment,  ex- 
acted an  oath  from  the  Spartan  people  never  to  alter  it  un- 
til his  return  from  Delphi,  and  then  departed  never  to  re- 
turn, and  thus  secured  the  inviolability  of  his  laws.  Though 
William  Penn  demanded  no  such  pledge,  and  doubtless  had 
no  such  expectations  of  devotion,  though  since  his  death 
the  world  has  been  shaken  by  successive  revolutions,  yet 
the  great  principles  upon  which  he  founded  his  free  and 
happy  Commonwealth  are  still  living  forces,  unchanged  in 
efficiency  and  usefulness,  while  the  mode  of  their  adminis- 
tration only  has  been  shaped  from  time  to  time  to  meet  the 
wants  of  a  growing  people.  In  the  judgment  of  competent 
critics,  Penn  ranks  among  those  founders  of  States  who,  by 
the  wisdom  and  liberality  and  beneficence  of  their  laws,  are 
justly  entitled  to  the  admiration  and  gratitude  of  mankind. 
It  was  Penn's  good  fortune  to  be  practical  and  successful. 
Locke  failed,  but  he  triumphed;  Harrington  dreamed,  but 
he  acted;  Sydney  died  upon  the  scaffold  for  his  unpublished 
opinions,  but  Penn  lived  to  see  his  plans  in  peacefiil  oper- 
ation. 

To  the  enraptured  gaze  of  Scipio  there  was  revealed  a 
place  in  heaven  assigned  to  all  those  who  have  preserved 
their  country  or  increased  her  glory,  where  an  eternity  of 


WilUam  Peiin  as  a  Law-Giver.  29 

happiness  is  theirs,  "For  there  is  nothing  more  acceptable 
to  God,  who  rules  this  world  and  directs  the  affairs  of  men, 
than  those  councils  and  assemblies  bound  together  by  laws 
which  are  termed  states;  the  founders  and  preservers  of  these 
come  from  heaven  and  thither  do  they  return." 


30      Washington's  Household  Account  Booky  179S-1797. 


WASHINGTON'S  HOUSEHOLD  ACCOUNT  BOOK, 
1793-1797. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  xxix,  p.  406.) 

Jxdy  1st 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Saml.   FrauDces   del  him  to    purchase 

Sundries  for  the  Ho 133.18 

House  Exp.  pd  P.  Fink  for    one  days 

washing 40   138.58 

M 

Sund  Exp.  Dr  to  Cash 

House  Exp.  pd  John  Quceer  a  months 

wages 10. 

Contg  Exp  del.  to  L.  A.  Washington  to 

pay  his  barber 2. 

do  pd  for  2  books  for  Mrs.  Washington         .82      12.82 

Sd 

House  Exp  Dr  to  Cash 

paid    Mary    Bailey    a    months     wages  5. 

ith  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

House  Exp.  pd  for  2  cords  wood       .     .        6.22 
Mr.  H.   Lewis  pd  him  on  act  of  Salary        5. 
Contg  Exp  del*  L.    M.  Washington  to 

pay  his  french  instructor,  for  a  qt'r 

tuition 7.  18.22 

5th  

Cont  Exp.  Dr.  to  Cash 

delivered  to  Mrs.  Washington       ...        6. 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797.      31 

6th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Mr.  H.  Lewis  pd.  on  act.  of  Salary  .  •  50. 
Cont.  Expen.  pd  for  2  Copies  of  No  IX 

of  Gary's  Geography 50. 

House  Exp.  p'd  for  3f  Cords  Hickory 

wood    .     .     .     • 18.52    118.52 

8th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

House  Exp.  pd  to  Lewis  List  a  months 
wages 7. 

Contg  Exp.  pd  Isaac  Price  for  repairing 
and  cleaning  a  watch  for  Mr.  Stuart 
and  for  a  good  key 5.50 

do  del*  L.  A.  Washington  to  buy  a  jill  of 
oil  &  inc  do  of  spts  turpintine    ...        1. 

do  gave  a  poor  woman 1. 

do  pd  for  3  yards  muslin  k  one  doz.  pr. 
gloves  for  Mrs.  Washington      .     .     .        8.87 

Saml  Fraunces  del  him  to  purchase  sun- 
dries for  the  Ho 122.  8  145.45 

9th  

Mr.  B.  Dandridge  Dr  to  Cash 

pd.  Mr.  Pearson  for  making  7  shirts      .  6.  6 

11th  

Cont'g  Exp.  Dr.  to  Cash 

delivered  to  Mrs  Washington  ....  1.31 

mh 

House  Exp.  Dr.  to  Cash 

pd  Rich    Keating  his  wages  in  full    to 

17th  June 17.50 

XSth  

Sundy  Exp.  Dr.  to  Cash 

House  Exp  pd  Patty  Chuny  wages    .     .      10. 


82      Washingim's  Household  Account  Booky  UdS-lldl. 

Stable  Exp  pd  for  192  buflh  Oats       .     .  67.  2 

do  pd  for  24  bush  do 8.53 

Contg.  Exp  pd  Mr.  D  Clark  in  full  for 

the  Presidents  Phaeton 189.63 

do  del  L.   A.  Washington  to  buy  him 

k  pay  for  makg  shirts 28. 

do  pd    for   8   tickets    for    the    Circus  8. 
do  gave  to  Hercules  &  Austin  to  go  to 

the  Circus 1.        312.18 

Uih.  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Mr.  H.  Lewis  pd.  him  on  acct  of  Salary        2. 
do  deld  him,  to  be  accounted  for  to  the 

President  by  him 70. 

House  Exp    pd    Mary  •  Pessinger    her 

wages  in  full  to  this  date      ....        7.50 
do  pd  Eliz  Warner  a  qrs  wages  to  July  1      15. 
do  pd  Patk  Kennedy  on  act  of  wages     .        5.  99.50 

Cash    Dr.   to  the  Presidents  acct  proper 
Rec'd  from  Wm  Bell  Esq  by  an  order 
from  So  Carolina,  sent  to  the  Presi- 
dent by  Col  Wm  Washington  for  the 
use  of  Reyal  Gilp 678.64 

16ih  

Sundy  Exp.  Dr.  to  Cash 

Contg.  Exp  deld  to  Moll  to  buy  stock- 
ings   for  herself  by  Mr.   W"  order        2.50 
House    Exp.   for    Mr.   Emerson   a  qrs 

wages  endg  1"  July 38.33     35.83 

nth.  • 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contg  Exps  pd  M.  Pearson  for  making 

sheets  &  stocks  pr  act 6.66 

do  pd.  for  101  yds  linen  for  towels  (by 

Fraunces) 27.30 


Washington's  HousehM  Account  Book,  1793^1797.      88 

do  pd  for  gauze  to  cover  pictures  &  glass 

pract 18.50 

do  pd  for  tin  ware  by  S  Fraunces      .     .        9.46 

do  pd.  Coopers  bill 1.06 

Cont'g  Expn.   pd   Mr  Hill   for  a  gold 

watch  case  made  for  Mrs  Washington 

last  winter 8.66 

do  pd  Mary  Ledill  for  makg  k  marking 

48  napkins  &  11  Table  Cloths  .     .     .        8.42 
Saml  Fraunces   del   him   to    purchase 

SundfortheHo 144.57 

House  Exp  pd  B.  Dorsey  for  Groceries 

per  act  (by  Fraunces) 286.21 

do  pd   do   act  of  Sundries    sent  to  Mt. 

Vernon  in  May 179.21 

do  pd  Ed  k  I.  Pennington  for  sugar  (by 

Fraunces) 89.60 

do  pd  Jacob  Anthony  k  Son  for  a  cask 

of  oil  52  galls 25.82 

do  pd  D  Timmons  act  of  Soap  k  Candles 

(by  Fraunces) 40.56 

do  pd  R  Haines  &  Son  for  beer  rec'd  from 

him  in  Apl.  k  May  '92 22. 

do  pd  L.   Sayre  Esq  for   485    bottles 

Champaign  k  burgendy  wine  @  5/6  pr 

bottle 355.67 

do  p'd  Mary  Bailey  on  act  wages  .     .     .        5.      1178.20 
Cash :  Dr  to  the  Treas.y  of  the  U.  S. 

Rec'd  for  the  use  of  the  President     .     .  2000. 

18th  

Contg.  Exp.  Dr.  to  Cash 

gave  by  the  Presidents  order  into  the 
hands  of  Israel  Xsrael,  one  of  the  Com- 
mittee towards  the  Relief  of  the  French 

from  St  Demingo 250. 

del*  to  L.  A.  Washington  to  buy  books  .        5.       255. 
VOL.  XXX. — 3 


34      Washington's  Household  Account  JBookj  179S-1797. 
19th 


House  Exp.  Dr  to  Cash 

pd  Frances  Leehe'  2  months  wages   .     .      14.         14. 

SOth 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Stable  Exp.  p'd  for  24  Bush'l  shortB      .        3.92 
Contg  Exp.  pd  for  Fredk  to  go  on  board 
a  vessel  at  Mud  Island  with  Germans 
on  board 1.25 

do.  sent  to  Mr  Elouis  by  the  Presidents 
order,  as  a  loan  in  consequence  of  an  ap- 
plication   80. 

do  p'd.  Mr  Bohlen  for  a  Qerman  boy  &  two 
women — ^the  former  to  serve  5  years  k 
the  two  latter  8  years  for  their  passage  .    185.16 

The  Presdt's  act  p'd  do  passage  of  John 
Gk)ttleib  Bichler,  a  Gardener  to  serve 
3ys 59.80 

Cont'g  Exp.  pd  for  2  Numbers  of  Carys  Geo- 
graphy No.  X  for  the  Pres'd.  k  one  for 
Mr  H.  Lewis .75 

do  del*  to  L.  A  Washington  to  pay  for  do.  .25    331.13 

SSd 

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Contg  Exp  pd.  Wm  Osborne,  bal  of  Acct 
Exp  due  to  him  in  the  journey  to  Mt 
Vernon  and  back  again 14.76 

do  p'd.  do  for  twine  bt  by  him  for  G. 

W.  P.  Custis 50 

do  pd  for  a  spade — ^hoe  knife  k  2  pr. 
stockings  for  the  Gardener    ....        2.80 
Contgs  Exp.  p'd.  Mrs  Smarts  act  of  a  sat- 
tin  Cloak  made  for  Miss  Milly  Wash- 
ington         23. 

do  paid  tor  4  shirts  for  the  Gardener  and 

2  for  the  stable  boy 8.22 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book^  179S-1797.     35 

do  p'd  for  26    yards  Dowlas   for  Mrs. 

Washington 8.67 

do  pd  for  spectacle  bows  for  Mrs.  Wash- 
ington          2. 

do  deld  to  Wm  Osborne  for  a  book  bot  by 
him  for  Mr  Washington  (Shorthand)  k 
on  an  old  Acct 1.37 

do  pd  for  2  neck  Clothes  for  Gardener  k 
2  Sleeve  buttons  for  him  and  the  stable 
boy 1.26 

do  pd  for  sundy  articles  to  make  Clothes 
for  the  German  Women  (bot  by  Mr 
Emerson) 14.  5 

do  pd  for  a  pr.  linen  for  do 9.14 

Saml  Fraunces,  deld  him   to   purchase 

Sund  for  the  Ho 134.40 

House  Exp.  pd  Fanny  Hurley  for  7  days 

work  in  the  kitchen 3. 

do  pd  Sam'l  Fraunces  his  wages  in  foil  to 

the  1**  of  July 75.        298.16 

eSrd 

Sundy  Exp.  JDr.  to  Cash 

Cont'g.  Exp.  p'd  for  4  pr.  thread  stock- 
ings for  G.  W.  P.  Custis 3.75 

do  gave  towards  building  the  Afiican 
Church 14. 

do  gave  to  a  negro  who  calls  himself 

Prince  Achmet 2.10 

do  gave  to  Oney  to  pay  for  a  pr  shoes     .        1.50 
Cont'g    Exp.    deld   to  L  A  Washington 

for  Pocket  money 6. 

do  pd.  for  a  p.  Fustian  Trowzers  for  the 

Gardner 1.25 

House  Exp.  pd.  Geo.  Beard  agt's  wages  .      21.         49.60 

Uth.  

Cont'g  Expn.  Dr.  to  Cash 

pd  for  34  yds  Callico  of  diffl;.  kinds  k 

thread  for  Mrs  Wn 16.56 


36      Washington's  Household  Account  Bookj  179S-1797. 

pd  for  2  p.  India  Chintz  for  do .     .     .     .      13.71 

pd  difference  for  exchanging  to  pr  for  do        1.33     30.60 

95th  

Conf  g  Exp.  Dr  to  Cash 

pd.  Mrs  Serres,  for  work  done  for  Mrs. 

Washington 86.09 

pd.  drayage  of  Sand's  to  the  vessel  to  go 

toVirg* 58 

pd  for  a  saw-plain-hatchet-chissel-ham- 

mer  and  3  gimlets  for  Geo.  W.  P. 

Custis 1.61      38.28 

Cash,       Dr  to  the  Treasy.  of  the  U.  8. 

Rec'd  for  the  use  of  the  President     .     .  1000. 

Cash  Dr.  to  the  Presidents  acct  proper 

Rec'd  from  Henry  Hill  Esq — ^payment  of 

an  order  drawn  by  Mr.  Holker  &  sent 

the  President  by  Mr.  Rober  Lewis      .  34.03 

96th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Cont'g  Exp.  gave  to  the  gardener  to  buy 

tobacco .26 

The  Presdt's   acc't  proper  pd  for  a  bbl 

sugar  to  Mt  V" 27.10 

do  pd  for  4  bush  Tim'y  Seed    ....      16.50 
do  pd  for  6  sides  upper  &  to  do  soal 

leather 35.77 

do  pd  freight  of  Sun^  and  passage  of 

Gardner  to  Mt  Vernon 11.34     90.96 

vrth 

Sund  Exp.  .  Dr  to  Cash 

Stable  Exp  pd.  S.  Pleasants  for  23  Cwt 

hay  rec'd  in  May .-    .      18.58 

do  pd  Wm  Crouch  for -10  tons  hay  to  be 

del  as  wanted 146.66 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book^  179S-1797.      87 

House  Exp.  pd  Francis  Leache  his  wages 

in  full 2.33 

Cont'g  Exp.  deld  L.  A.  Washington  for 
the  XI  No  of  Geogrephy 25   167.82 

S9th  

Cont'g  Exp.                                 Dr  to  Cash 
del'd  to  L.  A.  Washington  to  buy  stock- 
ings               3.50 

SOth 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Saml.   Fraunces  del*    him   to  purchase 

SundforHo 151.60 

House  Exp.  pd  for  7f  Cords  wood    .     .      28.25 
Cont'g.  Exp  pd  for  drawg  for  Germ. 
Servte 4.        183.85 

Slst 

Sund  Exp.  Dr  to  Cash 

Contg  Exp.  pd  for  a  rope  for  the  mangel        1.27 
do  pd  for  making  sundry  clothes  for  the 

German  woman 1.50 

House  Exp.  pd  for  carrying  in  k  piling 

7f  Cords  wood 1.35       4.12 

August  1st,  179S. 
Cont'g  Exp.  Dr  to  Cash 

pd  for  2  pr.  shoes  for  the  German  woman        2.23 
pd .  .  the  Beauties  of  Harvey  for  Mrs. 

Washington 1. 

pd  for  2  pair  stockings  for  Martin  1.73       4.96 

Snd 

Sundries                                       Dr  to  Cash 
Contg.  Exp*  delv'd  to  Lau  A.  Washing- 
ton to  buy  paper  and  quils     ...        1. 
Do  pd    Mary    Rhodes    for  making  4 
jackets  for  Miss  Nelly 2.88 


88      Washington's  Household  Account  Booky  1793-1797. 

B.  Dandridge,  pd  him  on  acct  of  sal- 
ary            5. 

House  Exp's  pd    Catherine    Burke  for 

working  5  weeks 6. 

Do  pd.  Patrick  Kennedy  on  acco  wages  15. 

Do.  pd  Jn*  Q^ceer  2  months  wages  .     .  20.  49.88 

Srd  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contg  Exp*  pd  for  a  pr   Shoes  for   H. 

Workey 1. 

Do  deliv'd.  Mr  Dandridge  to  pay  for  a 

book  for  Mrs.    Washington     ...  .86 

Do  pd  for  Nos.  XI  &  XII  of  Careys'  Qeo- 

grephy  2  sets 1. 

House    Exps.    p'd    Patty    Channing  a 

months  wages 5. 

M'.  H.  Lewis  pd  for  Nos.  XI  &  XH  of 

Careys  Qeogrephy .50        8.36 

$th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Saml.  Fraunces,  delvd  him  to  purchase 

sundries  for  the   use    of   the  House    137.06 
House  Exp's  pd  Moody  Jackson  for  7J 

cords  Hickory  Wood       42.20 

Conting.  Exps  delivered  to  La  A.  Wash- 
ington   to    pay  his  Hair   dresser  15/ 

and  for  No  XII  of  Careys   Qeog        2.25 
Do  paid    freight   of  a  box    containing 

shoes,  to  Alexa .25   181.76 

6th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

House   Exps.   pd.   for    carrying   in    7J 

Cords  wood 1.27 

Do   paid  Lewis   List  one   mo's    wages        7. 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797.      89 

Cont'g  Expfl.-gave  a  man  who  brought 
some  plumbs  from  Col  Johnson     .     .  .25 

Do  pd  Burgess  for  6  yds  dimmety  for 

Mrs.  Washington 8.80 

Do  pd  J  Phile  for  2\  yds  linen  for  Molly        1.  13.32 

7th  


Contingt  Exps  Dr  to  Cash 

paid  Thos.  Palmer  for  shoes  made  by 

Mrs  Washingtons  order       ....        9.38 
Deliv'd    Lau  A.  Washington  to  buy  2 

Lottery  tickets 14. 

Qttve  to  a  poor  old  soldier  by  order  ot 

the  president 1.  24.38 

8th  


Contgt  Exps.  Dr  to  Cash 

Paid  for  a  hat  for  Q  W  P  Custis     .     .        3.50 
Pd.  Jacob  Anthony  for    doing  sundry 

jobs  for  the  house,  pr  his  acct     .     .        2.74 
Gave  a  poor  Frenchman 1.  7.24 

9th  


Contg  Exps.  Dr  to  Cash 

Deliv'd  to  Mrs.  Washington  to  pay  a  bill  18.12 

10th 


Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contg*  Exps.  pd  for  2  setts  No  YTTT  of 

Careys   Qeog'y .50 

Do  deliv'd  to  Lau  A.  Washington  to  pay 

for  one  set .25 

M'.  H.  Lewis  pd  for  1  set  do.  for  him  .25 

M'.   B.   Dandridge  pd    him   on    accot. 

Salary    to    pay  his  French    teacher        7. 
House   expenses    pd.   Eaty    Maloy  for 

working  6  days  in  June  last      .     .     .        2.40      10.40 


40      Washingtm's  Homehold  Account  Book,  179S-1797. 

mh  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contg't  Exp's.  pd  Mr  Saijeant  for  teach- 
ing Miss  Ciistis  writting  k  arithmetic      25.18 

Gave  to  Molly  by  Mrs.  Washington's 
order 1.51 

Do  pd  for  a  bible  and  prayer  book  for 
the  Dutchwoman        8. 

Do  gave  to  a  poor  old  printer   by  order        2. 

Do  pd  Mr.  Gku-dett  in  fall  for  clean- 
ing Miss   Custis'   teeth  &    attending 

thereto  to  this  day 7.67 

Saml  Fraunces  deliv'd  him  to  purchase 

Sund  for  the  house 138.48    186.84 

ISth  

Stable  Exp's  Dr  to  Cash 

pd  for  75  bundles  straw 8.00 

Uih  

Conting*  Exp's  Dr  to  Cash 

Q*ve  to  a  poor  blind  man     ....        1. 
do  to  a  poor  woman  who    brought  a 
crippled  child  to  be  put  in  the  Hos- 
pital          1.  2.00 

16th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Cont'g  Exps.  pd  G.  W.  P.  Custis  quarter 

Bill       12.50 

do  pd  for  a  pair  Sleeve  buttons  do     .     .  .25 

do  pd  for  Careys  Geography  2  setts     .  .50 

do  deliv'd  L.  A.  Washington  to  pay  for 

one  no  of  do .25 

do  pd  for  drayage  of  2  pipes  of  wine  .60 

Mr.   B.   Dandridge  pd    him   on   accot 

Salary  to  pay  for  making  shirts  &c  8. 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797.     41 

M'.  H.  Lewis  pd.  for  one  number  of  Careys 
geography  for  you .25 

Stable  Exps.  pd  for  2  tons  hay  delivered 
in  May  last  by  John  Mifflin  ....      25.74     48.09 

17th  

Cash  Dr  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U.  S.    . 
Ree'd  for  the  use  &   on  accot    of  the 

President 2000. 

19th 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

House  Exp's  pd.  John  Hamilton  a  mo's 

wages 7. 

Do  p'd  Mary  Bdly  a  mos  wages   ...        5. 
Contingt  Exps.  paid   Fanny  Hurley  for 

washing  for  LSu.  A.  Washington  for 

13  weeks 8.30     20.80 

£Oth 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Sam'l  Fraunees  delived  him  to  purchase 
sundries  for  the  House 132.96 

House  Exp's  pd  Coopers  accot  by  Fraun- 
ees             2.60 

Contg  Exps.  pd  Whitesides  &  Collier  for 
3  pss  linen  for  Mrs.  Washington     .     .      53.14 

Do  lent  Thos  Fielder  towards  enabling 
him  to  make  his  new  patent  rake  .     .      20. 

Qttve  a  poor  woman  by  order   ....        2.        210.70 

Zlst 

Contg  Exp's.                                Dr  to  Cash 
Deliv'd  to  Mrs  Washington 20. 

g^d  

Contg  Exps  Dr.  to  Cash 

Paid  Mess."  Mollen  &  Capron  for  teach- 
ing Miss  Custis  &  for  music  per  accot.      99.50 


42      Washington's  Househdd  Account  Book,  179S-1797. 

SSrd 

Contg  Exptt  Dr  to  Cash 

Paid  Jno  Sunnock  for  a  travelling  trunk 

for  the  Presidents  Phaeton  made  in 

June  last 13. 

Gkve  a  poor  woman  by  Mrs  W-s  desire        1.         14. 

Uth  

Sund's.  Dr  to  Cash 

Conting*  Exp  pd  for  No  XV  of  Careys 

Geography  for  the  President  &  Mrs. 

W 50 

Do  pd.  George  Way  in  foil  for  a  Coachee    192.66 
M'.  H.  Lewis  p'd  for  No  XV  of  Careys 

Geogrephy  for  you .25   193.41 

S6th 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Conting  Exps.  pd  for  an  oz   Camphor  .20 

Do  deliv'd.  L.  A.  Washington  to  pay  for 

No  15  of  Careys  Geography 25 

SamT  Fraunces  deliv'd  him  to  purchase 

Sunds  for  the  house 133.54  133.99 

S7th 

Contg  Exp's                                Dr  to  Cash 
Pd.  Mrs  Reed  for  working  for  Mrs  Wash- 
ington    1.06 

^8th 

Contg  Expe  Dr  to  Cash 

pd  for  3  phials  Essence  vinegar     .     .     .        1.50 
pd  for  hauling  16  bbls  to  a  vessel  bound 

to  Alexandria .67 

pd  freight  of  the  above  barrels  to  Alex*        8. 
pd  for  washing  Silk  Stockings  for  the 

President 2.81 

pd.  Wm  Osborne  for  ferriage  pd  by  him 

in  going  to  Mud  Fort  with  G.  W.  P. 

Custis 47     13.45 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  1793-1797.      48 

S9th  

Contgt  Exp'B  Dr  to  Caah 

Gave  a  poor  man  by  order 1.00 

SOth 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contingt  Exps  pd  board  for  L.  A.  Wash- 
ington in  full  to  1st  Sept      ....      46.67 

Do  pd  Saml  McLane  in  foil  for  Leather 

breeches  for  servants 25.60 

Do  pd  M  Roberts  for  sundry  stationery 

to  this  date 3.82 

Contingt  Ezp's  pd  H.  Ingles  for  mend- 
ing tables  k  chairs  on  acco     ...        6.72 

Do  p'd  for  2  pr  shoes  for  Miss  Custis        2.23 

Do  delivd  to  L.  A.  Washington  to  pay 
his  proportion  for  Cyder  drank  at  his 
lodgings 11. 

Do  delivd  do  to  pay  for  drayage  of  his 
things  from  Mrs  Paynes  to  the  Pre- 
sidents   .50 

Do  pd  Richard   Courtney  his    Taylors 

bill  in  full  this  date 311.88 

Stable  expenses  pd  Jno  Robinson  in  foil 
to  Sept  1 28. 

House  expenses  pd  for  Sundry  jobs 
Smith's  work  done  to  this  date  in  the 
house 17.30 

Do  pd  French  Confectioner  for  family 

table  ornaments 25.60 

Pd  Rich*  Courtney  on  accot  of  P.  Ken- 
nedy      28.50   507.82 

3 1st  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Contg  Exp's  pd.  Thos  Dobson  his  accot. 

of  Stationary  in  full  to  this  date     .     .      76.53 
Do  pd.  M  Mary  for  dressing  Mrs  Wn     .      34.17 


44      Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  nOS-^lJOl. 

Do  pd  freight  of  a  bann  box  k  2  dress- 
ing boxes  to  Alexa, .36 

Do  pd  B.  Gallagher  for  china  k  glass     .      33.50 
Do  pd  Thos  Bradley  for  tinning  kitchen 

utensils 14.17 

Cont'gt  Exps.  pd  Jos  Cook  his  accot  of 

Goldsmiths  work  etc 25.14 

Do  pd  R.  Coe  for  brushes  for  the  House      26.54 
M'.  H  Lewis  delivd  to   Dandridge  for 

him  to  buy  a  Lottery  ticket  ....  7. 
M'.  B.  Dandridge  pd  him  on  accot  salary  8. 
House  Exps  pd  H.  Sheaff  in  full  for  a 

qr  cask  wine  &  sundries  per  accot .  .  100.53 
Do  pd  E  &  I  Pennington  in  full  for  Sugar  72.78 
Do  pd  B.  W  Morris  for  Porter  .  .  .  45.60 
Do  pd  B  Dorsay  for  coffee  &  sugar  .  .  8.27 
Do  pd  Dean  Timmons  for  Soap  .  .  .  6.13 
Do  pd  Acquila  Jones  for  vinegar  .  .  .  5.33 
Do  pd  Dr  Bass  for  orange  water  etc  .  .  14.37 
Contg  Exp*  pd  Mrs  Tarbet  on  accou't  of 

Mrs  Washington 477.92 

Tobias  Lear  pd.  him  salary  from  4  March 

to  4  Sept 400. 

Conting*  Exps.  delivd  La.  A.  Washing- 
ton to  buy  sundry  Books  as  per  rec* 
omitt'd  the  9th  inst 23.19 

[End  of  Acco*»  Kept  by  T.  Lear.] 

September  2nd  179S. 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Conting't  Exps  pd  James  Reynolds  for  2 

picture  frames 3.33 

Do  p'd  Lau  Mary  for  a  gold  watch  chain 

k  a  ring  for  Miss  Custis 15. 

Do  delivered  Lau.  A.  Washington  to  pay 

his  hair  dresser 2. 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book^  179S-1797.     45 

Do  delivered  do  for  8  weeks  pocket  money        8. 
Samuel  Frauncea  delivered  him  to  pur- 
chase sundries  for  the  House     .     .     .    147.14    175.47 

ith 

Contingt  Exps  Dr.  to  Cash 

Deliv'd    Molly  by   order  to   buy   a  pr 

shoes 1.20 

deliv'd  Wm  Osborne  to  pay  for  2  pr  silk 

hose  for  Mrs  W 4.00 

pd  for  Soame  Jennings'  Internal  Evi- 
dence for  do .20        5.40 

5th  

Cash  Dr  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U.  S. 

Ilec*d  for  the  a/c  of  the  President      .     .  1000. 

6th 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contingt  Exps.  pd  J.  Phile  for  2  hands 

&  2  prs  hose  for  Martin 3.38 

Do  pd  Richd  Marlay  for  2  prs  sandals 

for  Mrs  Wash* 3.50 

Do  pd.  for  a  leather  trunk  for  Mrs  Wash**        1.75 
Contingt  Exps  pd  Kid  k  Co  for  2  dressing 

boxes  to  send  to  Eliz  k  Patty  Custis 

by  order  of  Mrs  Wash 6.50 

Do  gave  Oney  by  order    to  buy  a  pr 

shoes 1.20 

House  Exp  pd  Lewis  List  a  mos  wages        7.         23.28 

7th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contingt  Exps  deliv'd  Wm  Osborne  to 

buy  a  telescope  case  for  the  President        1.50 
Do  pd  Mrs  Tarbet  for  2  pss  ribbon  for 

Mrs.  Washington 8.33 

Stable  expenses  pd  for  53  bhs  Oats    .     .      19.43      24.26 


46      Washington's  HousehjM  Account  Book^  1793-1797. 

9th 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contingt  Expe  delivd  L.  A.  Washington 

to  pay  his  expenses  in  going  to  Virginia      25. 
Do  pd  Chs  Elrkham  for  9  J  yds  muslin 

for  Mrs  Washington 12.34 

Do  lent  Wm  Osborne  by  order  of  the 

President  to  be  repaid  in  one  year      .  .  100. 
Do  for  altering  a  boot  for  John      ...  .25 

Do  pd  for  fishing  tackle  for    Master 

Custis 50 

Do  pd   J.  M.  Barthelemy  for  teaching 

Miss  Custis  French 9. 

Contingt    Exps    delivd    the    President 

when  going   to  Virginia   75  guineas 

weights  equal  to  855yV(y  D"  k   bank 

notes  to  the  amot  of  200  Doll  making    555.11 
House  Exp's  pd  Gteo  Beard  on   acct 

wages    .    .     .     • 21. 

Do  pd  Mary  Bailey 6. 

Do  pd  Patty  Chaning  on  acct  of  wages      10. 

Do  pd  Jno  Gaceer  on   accot  do    .     .     .      20. 

Do  pd  Eliz  Warner  in  foil  to  1st  Oct      .      15. 

Do  pd  Wm  Osborne  in  foil  do     .     .    .      36. 

Do  pd  Ann  Emerson  on  accot     .     .     .      33.83 

Do  pd  Eliz  Simpson  2  mos  wages     .     .        10. 

Do  pd  Lewis  List  a  mos  wages     ...  7. 

Do  pd  Jos  Burke  a  mos  wages     ...  7.       865.53 

10th  


Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Saml  Fraunces,  delivd  him  to  purchase 

sundries  for  the  house 181. 

Ho  Exp  pd  him  on  accot  wages     ...       75. 
Contg  Exps  pd  for   a    book  for   Mrs 

Washington 26   266.26 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797.         47 

Nomaber  11th  179S. 
Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Saml  Fraances,  delivd  to  him  at  the  Bank 

of  the  tJ.  S.  on  accot  of  the  President , 

from  10  Sept  to  6th  inst      ....    180. 
Do  pd  him  in  foil  of  his  weekley  accot  to 

the  day 13.33 

Contingt    Exps  pd  for  sundry  articles 

while  in  Virginia  for  the  President's 

accot  as  per  Memo  book     .     .     .     .      61.67 

Do  pd  for  Ditto  as  per  do 5.22 

Do  pd  for  a  quire  of  paper,  Inkstand  &c 

atQermantown .46 

Do  pd  for  making  a  Coatee  and  overalls 

for  Lewis  List 1.34 

House  Exps   pd  Lewis  List  on   accot 

wages  while  at  Alexa  to  buy  a  pr  hose  .82 

Do  pd  Mary  Bailey  2  mos  wages     .     .      10. 
By  Dandridge  pd  for  sundry  articles  for 

him  at  Alexa 18.67    291.51 

Cash  Dr  to  the  Treas.  of  the  U.  States 
reed  for  accot  of  the  President     .     .     .  2000. 

Cash  Dr  to  the    President,  reed  at  Mt 

Vernon 86.38 

16th  

Sunds  Dr  to  Cash 

House  Exps  pd  Lewis  List  2  mos  wages    .  14. 
Contg  Exps  pd  travelling  Exps  in  a  trip 
to  Lebanon  and  Lancaster      ....      29.17     43.17 

18th  

Sund's  Dr  to  Cash 

House  Exps  pd  Fred  Herman  in  foil  for 
1 J  weeks  board  k  lodging  of  the  Pres- 
ident k  B  D — Candles  etc  per  rect      .      37.94 

Do  pd  John  Merkel  for  board  and  lodg- 


48      WashmgUm's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797. 

ing  Lewis  &  Austin  IJ  weeks — and 

for   washing 15.82 

Contg  Exp  pd  Christ  Wirtz  for  cloth 
and  trimmings  for  stable  suit  for 
Lewis 5.27      59.03 

SOth  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contgt  Exps.  pd  for  putting  a  lock  on 
the  door  of  the  Presidents  room  at 
Ger.town .13 

House  Exps.  pd  Patty  Channing  a  mos 
wages 5. 

Do  pd.  Jos  Burke  a  mos  wages     ...        7.  12.13 

Slst  

House  Exps.  Dr.  to  Cash 

Pd.  for  a  bottle  of  old  Spirits   ....  .38 

S9nd 

Sund's.  Dr.  to  Cash 

House  Exps  pd  for  a  doz  eggs       ...  .16 

Contg*  Exps  pd.  Wm  Bringhurst  sent 

by    M'    Randolph    express    to    Col" 

Franks   at    Nazareth    with    a   letter 

relative  to  renting  his  house  in  Ger- 

mantown  for  the  Preside     .     .     .      15.67      15.83 

SSrd  

Sundry  Exps.  .  Dr  to  Cash 

Saml  Fraunces  deliv'd  him  the  20  inst 
to  discharge  sundry  bills  bro't  in  dur- 
ing the  Presidents  absence    ....      78.73 

Do.  delivered  him  this  day  to  purchase 
sundries  for  the  house 73. 

Do  delivered  him  this  day  to  purchase 

sundries  for  the  House 166.48 

Stable  Exps  pd  for  15  bush  of  oats   .     .        5. 

Do  pd  Christ  E^auck  for  Oats   &  bran 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  1793-1797.      49 

furnished      during      the    Presidents 

absence 11.87 

Contg't  Exps.  pd  J  Phile  for  sundry 
articles   of    clothing  for    the    Dutch 

girls 28.85 

Do  pd  Mary  Hawkins  for  whitewashing 

the  house        15.20 

House  Exps  pd  Dean  Timmons  a  bill 

for  Soap  &  Candles 29.58    408.21 

26th 

House  Exps  Dr.  to  Cash 

Pd   for    10 J   cords  Hickorywood  and 

warfage 60.59 

^th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

House    Expenses   pd.   P.   Kennedy   on 

accot  wages 8. 

Do  pd  Jno  Shee  Esq.  treasurer  of  the 
City  a  years  rent,  due  the  1st  Oct. 
last  for    the  House  occupied  by  the 

President 1338.33 

Stable  Exps  pd  for  80  bush  Oats  ...      10.      1346.88 

Cash,  Dr  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U.  S. 

rec'd  for  the  Presidents  use     ....  1000. 

28th  

House  Exps  Dr  to  Cash 

pd  Wm  Bockius  per  accot  in  full  for 
dinners  liquors  etc  furnished  at  Ger- 

mantown  as  per   rect 50.46 

pd  for  sawing  and  carrying  in  2|  wood        1.38      51.84 

29th  

House  Exps  Dr  to  Cash 

pd  for  I  cord  hickory  wood  bot  the  19th 

inst 4.25 

VOL.  XXX.- 


60      Washington's  Household  Accomt  Bookj  1793-1797. 

SOih 

Sundries  Dr  to  Gash 

Contingt  Exps  pd.  for  2  pair  hose  for 

Austin 1.50 

House    Exps.  pd  Geo.   Bringhurst  for 
Indian  Com  for  the  fowls  at  German- 
town      2.00 

Do  pd  D*  Meridith  in  full  for  Bread 
furnished  for  the  House  in  German- 
town      3.07       6.57 

December  Snd  1793. 
Sundry  Exps  Dr  to  Cash 

House  Exps  pd  for  15  J  Cords  Oak  wood 
including  wharfage  k  hauling  k  for 

hauling  lOJ  cords  hick'y.     .     .     .      67.80 
Do  pd  for  carrying  in  and  piling  25| 

cords 5.06 

Contingt  Exps.  refunded    Sharpe    De- 
laney  Esq  so  much  pd  by  him  for 

freight  for  a  box  for  the  President        1.         78.86 

3rd  

House  Exp.  Dr.  to  Cash 

pd  for  12|  cords  hickory  wood  warf- 

age  k  hauling 85. 

pd  for  sawing  28^  cords  hickory  @  4/6  k 

15J  of  Oak  @  8/ 20.  8    105.  8 

iih 

Sunds  Dr.  to  Cash 

Stable  Exps  pd.  for  2  Shovels    ....        2. 
Conting   Exps    pd   for   bringing    Miss 
Custis   Harpsichord  from  the  Custom 

House 8.50 

Do      deliv'd    the    President    to    send 
to  Mrs  Washington  on  her  way  from 
Virginia 50. 


Washingtcn's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797.      61 

Do  pd  Ch :  Byerly  for  cooking  done  to  the 

23    Nov 4.67 

Do  Thomas  Passmore  for  the  work  done 

to  28*  Nov 1.61      61.78 

9iK 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Sam'l  Fraunces  deliv'd  him  to  purchase 
sundries  for  the  House     •     .     .     .     .    133.52 

House  Exps.  pd  8.  Fraunces  a  qr  wages 
due  1st  Jan  nejct 75. 

Do  pd  Ann  Emerson  a  qr.  wages  due 

31st      inst 33.33 

Do   pd   G.  Zepperwick  for   Soap    and 

Candles 11.82 

Contingt  Exp.  pd  Ben  F.  Bache  for  in- 
sert'g  an  advertisement  in  his  Ga- 
zette in  Aug  last 3.        256.67 

lOih  ^ 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

House  Exp's  pd  for  9J  Cords  hickory 

wood  k    warfage 61.22 

The  President's  accot  proper  pd  a  draft 

of  Jno  F.  Mercer  in  favor    of  Jas. 

Stuart 400. 

Contingt  Exps.  pd  for  tuition  of  G.  W. 

P.  Custis  1  qr.  french 2.50 

Do  pd  Sharpe  Delaney  collector  duties  on 

Harpsicordj  imported   for  Miss  Elea 

Custis 27.34    491.06 

nth  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

The  President's    accot   proper    pd  for 

grafts  of  trees  to  send  to  Mt.  Vernon  22. 
Do  pd  for  Leather  to  send  to  Do  .  .  58. 
Stable  Exps  pd  for  17 J  bush  oats     .     .        6.03 


52     Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797. 

House  Exps  pd  for  hauling  and  piling 

9  J  cords  of  wood &.88 

Do  pd  for  carrying  in  12f  do     .     .     .        2.55 

Do  pd  Pat  Kennedy  on  acco  wages     .     .        2. 

Contingt  Exps  delivd  L.  A.  Washington 
4  weeks  pocket  money 4. 

Do  pd  for  Moores  Journal  in  France  for 

Mrs.   Wash» 75 

Contingt  Exps.  pd.  Lewis  List  his  exps 
incurred  in  going  to  Virginia  for  Mrs 
W- 20. 

Do  deliv'd  John  to  defray  his  expenses 

in  going  to  meet  Mrs.  Washington     .      10.        115.25 

nth 

Sundries                                       Dr  to  Cash 
Contingt  Exps  pd  for   Careys  accot    of 
the  Malignant  fever  for   Mrs  Wash- 
ington         .75 

Do  pd  for  a  pair  of  shoes  for  Henry      .       1. 
Stable  expenses  p'd  for  25  bush  Oats     .        8.96 

Do  pd  for  42J  bush  Do     ...     .        14.64    25.35 

16th 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Saml  Fraunces  deliv'd  him  to  purchase 

sundries  for  the  House 122.40 

M'.  H.  Lewis  pd  for  No  16  of  Carey's 

Geography  and  for  the  President  and 

Mrs.    W 75 

Do  pd  for  Virgil  for  M'.  Custis     .     .     .        1.50 
House  Exps  pd  Joe  Burke  a  mos  wages        7. 
Do  pd  for  14J  cord  hickory  wood  and 

wharfage 88.82   220.48 

17  th 

Contigt  Exps  Dr  to  Cash 

Delivd   Master  Custis  to  buy   a  Latin 


Washington's  Household  Account  Bookj  1793-1797.      53 

Exercise  book .50 

Delivd  Do  to  pay  for  a  Greek  grammar  .88  .88 

18th  

Sundrs  Dr  to  Cash 

Stable  Exps  pd  for  29 J  bush  Oats  .     .     .      10.20 

Do  pd  for  65  J  bush  Do 22.56 

Do  pd  for  173  bush  Do 59.42 

House  Exps.  paid  for  hauling  14J  cords 

wood 7.12 

Do  pd  for  carrying  in  do 2.88 

Contg't  Exps  pd  Jas.  McAlpin  Lau  A. 

Washington's  accot  of  tayloring      .     .     86.64 
Do  deliv'd    the   President    for  change        6.        194.82 
Cash,  Dr  the  Treasury  of  the  U.  8.  rec'd. 

for  the  use  of  the  Presid't      ....  1000. 
Rec'd  for  Do  at  the  Bank  of  the  U.  8. 

the  beginning  of  8ept  but  did  not  get 

a  war't  till  now  on  accot  of  the  illness 

of  the  8ec'y  of  the  Treasury  at  the 

time 1000.      2000. 

20th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Conting.  Exp  pd  for    a   sett   of    Shoe 

brushes .88 

Do  p'd  Oliver  Wolcott  Esq.  for  so  much 
advanced  by  him  to  R.  W.  Carter  son 
of  Chas  Carter  of  Fredricksburg    .     .    100. 
House  Exps  pd.  Mary  Baily  a  mo'  wages        5.        105.88 

nst  

Sundry  Expen's  Dr.  to  Cash. 

House  Exps  p'd  Fred  Sliker  in  full  for 

glazing  etc 30.15 

Stable  exp's  pd  for  38  bush  Oats   .     .     .      13.09 
Contg  Exp.  gave  Molly  to   buy  a  pr. 

shoes,  by  order 1.30 


54     Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  1793-1797. 

2^Do  p'd  for  two  copies  of  No  17  Careys 
Geography  for  the  President  &  Mrs 
Washington .50 

M'  H.  Lewis  pd  for  No  17  of  do  for  him  .25 

Contg  Exps  delivd  Lau  A.  Washington 
to  pay  for  a  copy  of  Do  No  16  &  17    .  .50      45.79 

SSrd  


Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Contingt  Exps  pd  for  freight  of  2  bbls 

appels  from  New  York 1. 

Do  pd  for   2   ivory  thimblas   for  Mrs. 

Washington  and  Miss  Custis      ...        1. 
Contingt  Exps.  p'd  Sarah  Courtney  in 

fiill  for  taylors  work  done  by  her  late 

husband 75.50 

House  Exps  p'd  for   9    Cords  hickory 

wood,  wharfage  &  hauling  ....  65.12 
Do  pd  for  carrying  in  the  same  .  .  .  1.80 
Sam'l  Fraunces  delivd  him  to  purchase 

sundries  for  the  house 222.09    366.51 

Uth  


Contingt  Exps                            Dr  to  Cash 
pd  for  2  pr  stockings  for  Martin  A  Henry        1.50 
Gave  a  poor  woman  by  the  Presidents 
order 2.00        8.50 

26th  


Contingt  Exps  Dr  to  Cash 

pd  John  Fenno  in  full  for  his  Gazette 

published  twice  a  week 2.25 

Gave  Moll  to  buy  stockings  for  herself  & 

Oney  by  Mrs  W's  order 2.75 

Gave  Oney  to  buy  shoes  by  order  of  D*        1.25        6.25 


WashingiarCs  Household  Account  Bookj  179S-1797.      55 

^th 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contingt  Exps  delivd  the  President  to 

send  to  two  distressed  French  women 

at  New  Castle 25. 

D*  Jacob  Cox  a  pr  Silk  hose  for  the 

President 4. 

House  Exp's-p'd  G.  Beard  a  qrs.  wages  .  21. 
Stable  Exps.  gave  John  to  buy  grease  for 

the  horses  feet 25      50.25 

gSth 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contingt  Exps  pd  Thos  Dobson  for  the 

11th  Volume  of  the  Encyclepedia  .     .        5. 
I>*  pd  for  2  Copies  of  Divine  Music  for 

Miss  Custis •  .  .80 

D*  pd  Eliz  Rhodes  for  work  done  for 

Mrs  W- by  order 1.60 

D*  pd  the  Carriage  of  L.  A.  Washington's 

trunk  from  Alexa  to  Phil*    ....        4. 
D*  deliv'd  L.  A.  Washington  to  pay  for 

six  Nos  of  Carey's  Geog 1.50 

D*  pd  for  2  copies  of  No  18  of  do  for  the 

President  and  Mrs.  Washington     .     .  .50 

M'  H.  Lewis  pd  for  1  do  for  him  .     .     .  .25      13.65 

SOth 

Saundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Sam'l  Fraunces  delivd  him  to  purchase 

sundries  for  ye  House 108.65 

Contingt  Exps  pd  Jno  Dunlap  for  the 

Am  Daily  Advertiser    to    15th  Sept 

last •     •     •        5.67 

D*  p'd  do  for  inserting  an  advertisement 

in  August  last 1.30 

House  Exps.  pd  for  3  sets,  tea  China  & 

6  chocolate  Cups 102.        117.62 


56     Washington's  Household  Account  Booky  1793-1797. 
Slst 


Cont'gt.  Exps  Dr  to  Cash 

Deliv'd  Lau  A.  Washington  to  buy  locks 

for  his  desk  etc .78 

D*  paid  for  2  pocket  almanacks  for  the 

year  1794  for  the  President  and  Mrs  W.  .25         .98 

To  the  Treasury  of  the  U.  States  rec'd 
on  accot  of  the  Presidents  Compen- 
sation      2000. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County y  Pennsylvania.       57 


ATKINSON  FAMILIES  OF  BUCKS  COUNTY,  PENN- 
SYLVANIA. 

BY  OLIVER  HOUQH. 

[There  were  two  distinct  families  of  the  name  of  Atkinson,  both  of 
considerable  note  in  the  annals  of  Bucks  County,  but  not  related  to 
each  other  in  any  degree  known  to  their  founders;  (though  it  is  possible 
they  may  have  had  a  common  origin  many  generations  back  in  Eng- 
land). One  descended  from  Thomas  Atkinson,  a  minister  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends,  who  came  from  Yorkshire,  in  1681;  and  the  other 
from  the  brothers  Christopher  and  John  Atkinson,  of  Lancashire,  who 
sailed  for  Pennsylvania  in  1699,  both  dying  during  the  voyage,  but 
whose  surviving  children  (and  the  wife  of  Christopher)  arrived  in  the 
province  and  settled  in  Bucks  County.  As  many  erroneous  statements 
have  been  written  and  printed  concerning  these  families,  some  writers 
confusing  the  two  where  Christian  names  were  alike,  this  sketch  is  de- 
signed to  give  an  accurate  account  of  several  of  the  earlier  generations 
of  each,  and  call  attention  to  and  correct  such  errors  as  have  found 
their  way  into  print  or  into  manuscripts  deposited  in  public  places. 

In  1890,  Mr.  John  B.  Atkinson,  of  Earlington,  Kentucky,  published 
a  small  book,  entitled  The  Atkinsons  of  New  Jersey.  This  was  pri- 
marily a  sketch  of  his  own  family,  descended  from  William  Atkinson, 
who  settled  in  or  near  Burlington,  West  New  Jersey,  about  1683,  and 
married  March  9,  1686,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Thomas  Curtis;  and 
the  genealogy  of  this  line  is  given  quite  correctly. 

But  the  book  also  contains  more  or  less  brief  accounts  of  other  Atkin- 
sons early  settled  in  West  Jersey,  and  the  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania, 
Atkinsons  as  well;  and  in  these  accounts,  Mr.  Atkinson  having  evidently 
made  little  or  no  personal  investigation  into  their  subjects,  tradition, 
and  in  at  least  one  instance,  imagination,  have  apparently  been  drawn 
on.  (In  justice  to  Mr.  J.  B.  A.,  it  should  be  mentioned  that  his 
sketches  of  the  Atkinsons  not  of  his  own  family,  were  largely  made  up 
from  some  notes  hurriedly  put  together  by  the  late  Judge  Clement, 
usually  a  very  careful  genealogist,  but  who,  in  this  instance,  accepted  a 
good  deal  of  hearsay  information,  not  having  time  to  properly  verify 
the  same).  These  accounts  are  biographical,  not  genealogical,  (with 
one  exception,  noted  below).  Their  subjects  are,  (the  sequence  below 
is  not  that  of  the  book): 


58      Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ,  Pennsylvania. 

(A).  James  and  Thomas  Atkinson,  from  Bel&st  (though  said 
to  have  been  Scotchmen),  in  ship  Antelope,  1681.  They  are  not 
stated  to  have  been  brothers,  but  that  is  the  inference.  Both  event- 
ually settled  in  West  Jersey,  and  James  married  the  widow  of 
Mark  Newby,  in  1684.  J.  B.  A.  gives  a  fimciful  word-picture  of 
their  landing  and  immediately  subsequent  actions,  and  attributes 
to  them  personal  characteristics  he  could  hardly  have  had  any 
means  of  knowing.  (This  is  mentioned  with  all  respect  to  Mr. 
Atkinson,  and  only  as  a  necessary  step  in  the  correction  df  error, 
since  it  parallels  a  similar  treatment  of  the  progenitors  of  one  oi 
the  Bucks  County  families  in  his  book.) 

(B).  Christopher  and  John  Atkinson,  founders  of  one  of  the 
Bucks  County  families;  this  account  is  almost  totally  incorrect;  it 
will  be  taken  up  in  detail  under  the  proper  head  below. 

(C).  Several  William  and  Thomas  Atkinsons,  of  West  Jersey, 
not  identified  with  any  of  the  foregoing;  Timothy  Atkinson,  who 
settled  in  Maryland;  and  a  number  of  other  early  Atkinsons  not 
known  to  be  related  to  any  of  those  above.  None  of  these  is 
treated  of  at  any  length. 

(D).     Samuel  Atkinson,  of  Chester  Township,  Burlington  County, 
West  Jersey.     He  was  son  of  Thomas,  of  Bucks  County,  Penna., 
though  J.  B.  A.  fails  to  so  identify  him.     This  is  the  one  excep- 
tion mentioned   above  in  which  some  genealogy   is  given,  (two 
generations);  the  said  genealogy,  as  well  as  the  speculations  re- 
garding Samuel's  parentage,  containing  some  mistakes,  which  will 
be  corrected  under  the  caption  * 'Samuel  Atkinson, '^  in  the  Thomas 
Atkinson  line,  below. 
In  the   book  Isaac  and  Rachel  Collins,  (Phila.   1893),   Appendix, 
pages  149-150,  there  are  some  radical  errors  in  the  issue  of  Samuel 
Atkinson  (son  of  Thomas),  as  well  as  in  the  genealogical  sketch  of  the 
Stacy  family,  into  which  he  married;  these  will  be  noted  below. 

In  the  MSS.  Collections  of  Isaac  C.  Martindale,  in  the  library  of  The 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  vol.  6,  the  two  Bucks  County  £un- 
ilies  are  greatly  confused,  and  some  wrong  dates  given;  these  will  be 
noted  and  corrected  in  the  proper  places. 

The  Penna.  Mao.  Hist.  &  Bioo.,  vol.  XI,  pp.  309-817,  has  Records  of 
the  Hail  Family,  of  Bristol,  Pennsylvania,  copied  from  the  bible  origin- 
ally belonging  to  John  Hall,  whose  third  wife,  Hannah,  was  grand- 
daughter of  Thomas  Atkinson,  the  minister.  Notes  to  this  record  have 
some  errors  regarding  both  Thomas  Atkinson  and  his  son  William, 
which  will  be  corrected  in  their  individual  sketches;  also  in  the  related 
Badcliffe  family,  for  which  see  Note  £  hereafter;  and  on  page  815 
occurs  the  error  that  Christopher  Atkinson  settled  in  Bucks  County.] 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ^  Pennsylvania.       59 


PART  I. 

The  Thomas  Atkinson  Family. 

I.  John  Atkinson,  (the  father  of  Thomas),  by  the  state- 
ment of  his  daughter-in-law,^  was  of  Thrush-Cross,  in 
Yorkshire,  England.  The  identification  of  this  place  was 
somewhat  diflScult,  but  it  is  now  known  to  be  a  township 
at  present  called  Thruscross  (and  sometimes  Thurcross), 
containing  a  small  village  of  the  same  name.  Samuel 
Lewis's  Topographical  Dictionary  of  England,  3rd  edition, 
(London,  1838),  thus  describes  it : 

"THXJRCROSS,  a  chapelry,  in  the  parish  of  Fbwston, 
Lower  Division  of  the  wapentake  of  Claro,  West  Riding  of 
the  county  of  York,  9  miles  (w.  by  s.)  from  Ripley,  con- 
taining 601  inhabitants." 

The  5th  edition  of  Lewis,  (London,  1845),  gives  the  name 
as  Thruscross,'  and  describes  it: 

«  THRUSCROSS,  or  West-End,  a  chapelry,  in  the  par- 
ish of  Fbwston,  union  of  Patblby-Bridge,  Lower  division 
of  the  wapentake  of  Claro,  W.  riding  of  York,  10  miles 
(n.  N.  w.)  from  Otley;  containing  576  inhabitants.  The 
chapelry  comprises  the  hamlets  of  Bramley-Head,  West- 
End,  Low-Green,  Thruscross-Green,  and  RocMngstone-Hall, 
and  contains  about  6340  acres." 

The  same  edition  of  Lewis,  article  "  Fewston"  (parish), 
states  that  the  parish  contains  the  townships  of  Blubber- 
houses,   Clifton   with  Norwood,   Fewston,   Thurcross  and 

^  Jane  Atkinson,  in  her  Testimony  concerning  her  late  husband 
(1687),  published  in  A  Collection  of  Memorials,  etc.  (Phila.,  1787),  page 
10,  and  in  The  Friend  (Phila.,  1854),  vol.  XXVII,  p.  172.  These 
are  mentioned  more  fully  in  the  text  further  on. 

'  Though  the  map  of  Yorkshire  accompanying  this  edition  has  it 
Thurcross,  being  doubtless  printed  from  the  same  plates  as  that  in  the 
3rd  edition.  Also  under  article  ''Fewston,''  in  same  edition  (quoted  in 
text  below),  it  is  spelled  Thurcross. 


60       Atkmson  FamUies  of  Bucks  Ooimtyj  Pennsylvania. 

Great  Timble;  that  the  parish  church  was  St. Lawrence's;* 
and  that  there  was  a  chapel  of  ease  at  Thurcross. 

In  a  gazetteer  of  Yorkshire,  by  Edward  Baines,*  pub- 
lished in  1822,  Thurcross  is  given  as  a  township  in  the 
parish  of  Fewston,  wapentake  of  Claro,  and  liberty  of 
Knaresborough,  5  miles  south  of  Pateleybridge.^ 

From  the  above  it  would  appear  that  the  township,  the 
civil  division  of  the  parish,  was  identical  with  the  ecclesias- 
tical chapelry;  a  parish  being  always  a  civil,  as  well  as 
an  ecclesiastical,  unit  of  division.^  This  locality  was  all, 
in  former  times,  within   the  Forest  of    Knaresborough.* 

*  The  3rd  edition  says  that  the  parish  church  was  St.  Mary 
Magdalene's,  so  the  name  must  have  heen  changed  between  1838  and 
1845.  The  earlier  one  was  probably  the  name  in  John  Atkinson's  time. 
The  3rd  edition  also  mentions  the  chapel  at  Thurcross. 

*  History f  Directory  and  Oazetteer  of  the  Oounty  of  York ;  volume  1, 
West  Riding;  by  Edward  Baines;  Leeds,  1822.  This  is  practically  a 
gazetteer  only,  and  must  not  be  confused  with  the  four  volume  history, 
York^hire^  Past  and  Present ^  by  Thomas  Baines,  (no  date,  about  1870). 

'  In  vol.  14,  Yorkshire  Arch.  &  Top.  Journal,  there  is  mention  of  a 
Thurcroft  in  Yorkshire,  probably  in  Claro  wapentake,  which  about  1750, 
was  the  seat  of  William  Beckwith ;  this  might  be  our  Thurcross,  or 
perhaps  only  the  name  of  Beckwith  *s  estate.  In  some  of  the  church 
roisters,  etc.,  of  the  shire,  occasionally  occurs  the  family  name  of 
Thriscross,  sometimes  Thurscroase ;  this  family  no  doubt  in  early  times 
owned  land  in  the  township,  taking  their  surname  from  the  place. 

*  For  some  explanation  of  these  names  for  divisions  and  subdivisions 
of  English  counties,  see  the  description  of  Knaresborough,  below.  Those 
of  Yorkshire  are  especially  difficult  of  understanding  to  the  uninitiated. 

^  From  Thomas  Allen's  History  of  Yorkshire,  (London,  1831),  vol. 
in,  p.  396,  we  glean  the  following :  The  forest  of  Knaresborough  ex- 
tends from  East  to  West,  upwards  of  20  miles,  and  in  some  places  is  8 
miles  in  breadth.  By  the  general  survey  completed  in  1086,  we  find 
there  were  then  only  4  townships  in  the  forest,  viz.,  Birstwith,  Fewston, 
Beckwith  and  Bosset.  In  1368  there  appear  to  have  been  3  principal 
towns  [townships]  and  16  hamlets  : 

1.  ThruscroBS,  with  its  seven  hamlets.  Hill,   Bramley,  Padside, 
Thomthwaite,  Menwith,  Holme,  and  Darley ; 

2.  Clint,  with  its  five  hamlets,  Birstwith,  Fellesclifie,  Feamhill, 
Hampsthwaite,  and  Bowden ; 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ,  Pennsylvania.       61 

The  village  of  Thruscross  is  about  13  miles  west  from  the 
town  of  Knaresborough ;  within  about  20  miles  around  it 
are  the  other  well-known  towns  of  Bipon,  Ripley,  Otley, 
Keighley,  Skipton,  Settle,  Masham  and  Aldborough,  from 
several  of  which  Friends  came  to  Pennsylvania. 

While  John  Atkinson  might  have  lived  in  any  part  of 
the  township,  his  residence  was  most  likely  in  the  hamlet 
or  village  of  the  same  name,  called  in  one  place  above 
Thruscross-Green ;  for  had  he  lived  in  some  other  part, 
his  daughter-in-law  would  probably  have  used  the  name  of 
the  nearest  hamlet,  rather  than  that  of  the  township.  This 
place  we  must  take  to  be  his  residence  during  the  time  (or 
most  of  it)  within  his  daughter-in-law's  knowledge,  say  from 
her  marriage,  1678,  till  her  Testimony  was  written,  1687; 
but  from  the  fact  that  his  son  was  born  at  Newby,  he  must 
have  lived  some  time  at  that  place ;  whether  this  residence 
was  only  temporary,  or  whether  John  Atkinson  himself 
was  bom  there,  we  have  no  evidence  now  at  hand ;  the 
latter  supposition  seems  the  most  plausible.  However,  from 
a  date  given  in  Besse's  Sufferings  (see  below),  he  appears  to 
have  moved  to  Thruscross  or  its  vicinity  when  this  son  was 
quite  a  young  child,  before  1659 ;  and  no  doubt  continued 
there  till  his  death. 

Prom  our  present  scanty  means  of  judging,  he  was  seem- 

8.  Killinghall,  with  its  four  hamlets,  Beckwith,  Bosset,  Bilton,  and 
Harrogate. 

The  names  of  the  townships  of  1086  have  become  those  of  hamlets  in 
1368,  except  Fewston,  which  disappears ;  but  Fewston  as  both  township 
and  parish  appears  again  later.  Baines's  Yorkshire  Past  and  Present ^ 
vol.  II,  p.  609,  says  that  the  Forest  was  formerly  divided  into  11  con- 
stabularies, of  which  Thruscross  was  one.  In  a  list  of  assessments  for 
1584,  we  find  Thurscrosse  (another  spelling),  in  '^Libertat'  de  Knares- 
burge,"  assessed  at  four  shillings.  (J.  Horsfall  Tumer*s  Yorkshire 
Notes  and  Queries,  vol.  i,  p.  147,  year  1888.) 

Rev.  Francis  Hutchinson,  D.D.,  in  his  Historical  Essay  on  Witch- 
cra/tf  (London,  1718),  p.  85,  mentions  a  prosecution  in  1622,  by  '*  Ed- 
ward Fairfax  oi  Fuyston**  [Fewston]  **in  the  Forest  of  Knasborough, 
Esq."    This  brings  us  down  to  about  John  Atkinson's  time. 


62       Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County j  Pennsylvania. 

ingly  in  feirly  comfortable  circumstances.  A  recent  writer* 
emphasizes  the  point  that  most  of  the  early  converts  to 
Qaakerism  were  persons  of  consideration  in  their  localities, 
those  in  the  country  districts  belonging  largely  to  the  land- 
holding  or  "  squire"  class ;  the  arrangements  of  thei  meetings 
being  "  only  adapted  for  those  having  their  time  at  their 
own  command."  Our  increasing  knowledge  of  those  Eng- 
lish Quakers  who  came  early  to  Pennsylvania  strongly  cor- 
roborates this.  While  in  the  absence  of  any  record  to  such 
effect,  the  presumption  is  against  his  being  a  squire  himself, 
he  may  have  been  a  smaller  landowner,  or  a  yeoman  a  gen- 
eration or  two  from  gentle  blood ;  though  his  name  does  not 
appear  on  any  of  the  printed  pedigrees  of  the  gentle  families 
of  Yorkshire.* 

*  C.  D.  Sturge,  in  Journal  of  Friends*  Historical  Society,  vol.  i,  p.  90, 
(London,  1904). 

'  If  he  were  grandson,  or  even  son,  of  a  younger  son,  his  name  would 
be  unlikely  to  so  appear.  The  pedigrees  of  Yorkshire  Atkinsons  to  be 
found  in  print  are,  however,  very  few  ;  those  known  to  the  ?niter  are 
only  four :  Atkinson  of  Skelton  (Bulmer  wapentake.  North  Riding), 
in  Dugdale's  Visitation  of  Yorkshire,  1665-66,  Surtees  Society's  vol.  86, 
(1859)  p.  364;  Atkinson  of  Leeds,  in  Ralph  Thoresby's  Ducatus  Leod- 
iensis,  1st  ed.  (Lond,  1715),  p.  80,  2nded.  (Leeds,  1816),  p.  76 ;  Atkin- 
son of  Little  Cattail,  in  St.  George's  Visitation  of  1612,  (published  by 
Joseph  Foster,  Lond.  1875),  p.  489;  and  the  family  descended  from 
Myles  Atkinson,  buried  1637/8,  in  J.  Horsfall  Turner's  Yorkshire 
County  Magazine,  vol.  Ill  (1893),  pp.  180-182.  Little  Cattail,  the  seat 
of  one  of  these  families,  was  in  the  wapentake  of  Claro,  in  which  John 
Atkinson  lived,  but  the  pedigree  ends  too  early  for  him,  even  if  he 
belonged  to  that  family.  Joseph  Foster's  Yorkshire  Pedigrees  has  the 
names  of  a  number  of  Atkinson's  intermarried  with  other  families, 
though  no  Atkinson  pedigree ;  from  this  and  many  other  references  we 
find  that  there  were  quite  a  fair  number  of  Atkinsons  among  Yorkshire 
gentry,  whose  pedigrees  have  not  been  published,  one  of  which  might 
have  included  John  Atkinson.  There  was  a  gentle  fsunily  of  Atkinsons 
at  Hatfield- Woodhouse,  in  township  and  parish  of  Hatfield,  wapentake 
of  Strafforth  &  Tickhill,  whose  heads  were,  about  1700,  Richard,  Sr., 
and  his  son  Robert ;  no  pedigree  of  this  is  known.  In  the  same  wapen- 
take was  Wentworth-Woodhouse,  the  seat  of  Sir  William  Wentworth, 
and  his  son  the  celebrated  Sir  Thomas  Wentworth,  1st  Earl  of  Strafibrd  ; 
Sir  William's  wife  was  Anne  Atkinson,  but  she  was  not  of  a  Yorkshire 
family,  being  daughter  of  Robert  Atkinson  of  Stowell,  Co.  Qloucester. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ^  Pennsylvania.      68 

John  Atkinson  was  among  the  earliest  converts  to  the 
Society  of  Friends  in  Yorkshire ;  his  daughter-in-law^  calls 
him  "an  honest  Friend."  The  following  extract  from  Besse's 
Sufferings  of  Friends^  is  presumed  to  refer  to  him,  though 
there  were  other  Friends  of  the  same  name  in  the  vicinity : 

Vol.  n,  p.  97,  Year  1659.  "  In  the  same  Month  of 
November^  John  Atkinson^  of  Finstoiij  was  summoned  to  ap- 
pear at  a  Manour-Court,  at  the  Suit  of  Several  Impro- 
priators, for  Tithe :  Accordingly  he  appeared  personally, 
yet  his  Appearance  was  not  accepted,  but  he  was  fined,  and 
had  his  Goods  taken  away  to  the  Value  of  4  1.  About  the 
same  time,  Agnes  Atkinson y  as  she  was  passing  about  her 
Business  through  a  Grave-yard,  was  met  by  a  Priest,  who 
without  Regard  either  to  Law  or  Equity,  under  Pretence  of 
Tithes  due  to  him  took  from  her  six  Yards  of  Cloth  by 
Force,  and  kept  it." 

Agnes  may  have  been  John's  wife,  of  whose  name  we 
have  no  other  record.  The  name  Finston  is  probably  a  slip 
of  the  pen  (or  type)  for  Fewston  (spelled  Fiuston;  compare 
Fuyston  above);  no  such  place  as  Finston  having  been 
found.  Besse,  in  volume  II,  chapter  on  Yorkshire,  men- 
tions a  number  of  Atkinsons,  among  them  a  John  several 
times,  but  it  is  doubtful  if  any  of  these  were  our  subject  or 
his  relatives.* 

^  In  her  Testimony ;  see  previous  footnote. 

'  Page  101.  Among  the  names  of  229  persons  imprisoned  in  the 
West  Riding  in  11th  and  12th  months,  1660,  for  refusing  to  take  oaths, 
were  those  of  Edward,  Oeorge,  John  and  Robert  Atkinson.  Page  110. 
Among  20  committed  to  York  Castle  in  1664,  was  Edward  Atkinson  ; 
these  were  taken  from  a  meeting  at  Thomas  Taylor's  in  Sedbergh.  In 
the  same  year,  among  those  fined  for  not  contributing  to  the  charges  of 
the  county  militia,  were  :  John  Atkinson,  6  s.,  and  Edward  Atkinson,  of 
Bradley,  £2.  In  1665,  Robert  Atkinson  suffered  distress  of  tithes,  £10. 
Page  120.  In  the  year  1668,  Edward  Atkinson  of  Sedbergh,  had  goods 
worth  about  £1,  Is.  taken  for  *' steeple-house- rates."  The  places 
mentioned,  though  all  in  the  West  Riding,  were  a  considerable  distance 
apart,  so  even  those  of  the  same  name  may  not  have  been  the  same  per- 
sons. Sedbergh  is  40  miles  northwest  from  Thruscross;  Bradley  (or 
Bradleys  Both)  is  12  miles  southwest  from  Thruscross. 


64       Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County j  Pennsylvania. 

Some  years  later,  when  the  persecutions  died  down  and 
meetings  were  regularly  established,  John  Atkinson  be- 
longed to  the  Knaresborough  Monthly  Meeting.  The 
meeting  house  was  in  the  town  of  that  name,  which  Lewis 
(3rd  ed.)  describes  : 

"KNARESBOROUGH,  a  borough,  market^town,  and 
parish,  partly  within  the  liberty  of  St.  Peter's,  East  Riding, 
and  partly  in  the  Lower  Division  of  the  wapentake  of  Claro, 
West  Riding."  Allen's  History  of  Yorkshire  says :  "  The 
parish  and  borough  town  of  Knaresborough  is  situate 
in  the  liberties  of  St.  Peter,  York  and  Knaresborough." 
Raines's  gazetteer  says  the  town  is  in  the  parish  of  Knares- 
borough, wapentake  of  Claro,  and  liberty  of  Knaresborough 
and  St.  Peter's  in  the  West  Riding.  The  town  which  is  18 
miles  west  from  the  city  of  York,  is  situated  on  the  north- 
east bank  of  the  river  Nidd.  Knaresborough  Forest  (men- 
tioned above  as  including  Thruscross),  is  to  the  southwest, 
across  the  river. 

A  word  as  to  Yorkshire  topography,  (to  use  the  Ehiglish  term),  may 
not  be  amiss,  as  well  as  some  explanation  of  the  designations  of  its  sub- 
divisions. In  England  the  counties  are  divided  primarily  into  hun- 
dreds] in  the  northern  counties,  once  occupied  by  the  Danes,  their  term 
waperUake  (originally  a  division  for  military  purposes)  survives,  and  is 
used  instead  of  hundred.  Yorkshire,  the  largest  county  in  England, 
has  first  three  grand  divisions  called  ridings  (North  Biding,  East  Rid- 
ing and  West  Biding),  which  in  turn  are  divided  into  wapentakes.  The 
latter  are  then  subdivided  into  parishes^  originally  ecclesiastical  divi- 
sions, but  soon  &lling  into  place  in  the  civil  scheme ;  parishes  how- 
ever, probably  on  account  of  this  origin,  did  not  always  fall  within 
hundred  bounds,  some  overlapping  from  one  hundred  into  another. 
Large  wapentakes  were  sometimes  split  into  divisions,  (as  that  of  Claro 
mentioned  above,  into  the  Upper  and  Lower  Divisions);  this  did  not 
interfere  with  the  parishes,  each  division  containing  certain  parishes. 
The  parishes  were  composed  of  groups  of  townships^  which  consisted  of 
a  small  town  or  village  with  the  surrounding  land,  including  other 
smaller  villages  or  hamlets  contained  therein.^     Besides    this    com- 

^  In  Pennsylvania  and  other  American  States,  the  township  is  the 
primary  subdivision  of  the  county,  with  well  defined  boundaries,  and 
not  dependent  for  its  existence  on  the  villages  within  it,  being  in  fact 
identical  with  the  English  hundred.      In  some  states,  for  instance 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County^  Pennsylvania.       65 

paratiyely  simple  system  of  division,  there  were  others  more  compli- 
cated. Liberties  are  tracts  of  land  either  excluded  from  parishes  or 
superimposed  upon  them,  and  whose  limits  were  frequently  uncertain ;  ^ 
they  are  districts  "  within  which  certain  privileges  are  granted,  or 
whose  inhabitants  have  special  rights  or  immunities;"  each  liberty  had 
its  special  court,  and  in  this  was  independent  of  the  parish  government, 
which  came  under  the  manor  court  The  unions ^  (Lewis's  5th  edition 
mentions  Thruscroas  as  in  the  ''union  of  Pateleybridge"),  are  amalga- 
mations of  parishes  for  administrative  purposes  ;  they  were  formed  early 
in  the  19th  century,  long  after  John  Atkinson's  time. 

Some  facts  concerning  Knaresborough  may  serve  to  elucidate  the 
above  explanations,  as  well  as  to  present  something  of  its  history:  The 
name  Knaresborough  has  covered  a  (1)  manor,  (2)  honour,  (8)  castle, 
(4)  forest,  (5)  parish,  (6)  liberty,  and  (7)  borough-town.  (An  honour  is 
composed  of  several  manors,  or  a  principal  manor  exercising  jurisdic- 
tion over  subordinate  manors,  the  honour-court  supplanting  the  several 
manor-courts.  Wills  were  formerly  filed  in  the  honour-courts.  The 
Yorkshire  Archaologiccd  &  IbpographiccU  Journal^  vol.  10,  p.  444,  states 
that  the  wills  in  the  Honour  Court  of  Knaresborough,  from  1640  to 
1858,  have  been  transferred  to  the  Wakefield  District  of  Her  Majesty's 
Court  of  Probate).     From  Allen's  History  (vol.  Ill,  p.  895  et  seq.)  and 


Delaware,  the  counties  are  divided  into  hundreds  as  in  England,  and  the 
term  township  not  used.  In  this  country  we  have  nothing  to  correspond 
with  the  English  township  idea.  Parishes  have  no  status  in  the  civil 
scheme  here;  where  they  exist  they  are  the  private  limits  of  jurisdiction 
of  the  several  churches.  But  in  some  states,  formerly  French  territory, 
as  Louisiana,  parishes  take  the  place  of  counties, 

^  See  Lewis's  description  ot  Knaresborough,  above,  which  was 
partly  in  the  liberty  of  St.  Peter's,  East  Biding,  and  partly  in  the 
wapentake  of  Claro,  West  Riding ;  and  compare  Allen,  who  places  the 
town  in  t^ree  separate  liberties,  those  of  St  Peter,  York  and  Knares- 
borough. Pepys's  Diary  (April  7,  1669),  mentions  a  case  at  law  as  to 
"whether  the  Temple  be  within  the  liberty  of  the  City  or  no  "  (London); 
inferring  uncertainty  as  to  limits. 

The  term  liberty  is  &miliar  to  students  of  early  Philadelphia  local 
history,  as  applied  to  lands  ("the  liberty  lands  "  or  "  liberties  of  Phila- 
delphia") laid  out  immediately  surrounding  the  city  proper,  but  not  in- 
cluded in  it,  nor  in  the  townships  composing  the  rest  of  the  county.  The 
liberties  in  Yorkshire  were  somewhat,  but  not  altogether  the  same,  for 
we  have  not  only  the  liberty  of  Knaresborough,  a  town,  and  that  ot 
York,  a  city,  but  the  liberty  of  St.  Peter's,  a  church,  and  the  "  Forest 
liberty." 

VOL.  XXX. — 5 


66       Atkinson  families  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania. 

other  sources  we  learn  that  at  the  period  of  the  Conquest  Knareshorough 
was  a  complete  Saxon  manor,  yiz.,  one  township  presiding  over  10 
others ;  it  comprised  the  town  of  that  name  and  ten  surrounding  viU 
lageSy  and  was  a  crown  demesne.  It  was  given  to  Serlo  de  Burgh, 
Baron  of  Tonshurgh  (in  Normandy),  who  was  succeeded  by  his  brother 
John,  whose  son  lost  it ;  after  which  the  lordship  changed  hands  many 
times.  Serlo  built  the  castle,  which  was  the  residence  of  the  lords  of 
the  manor.  The  manor  remained  in  existence  until  the  Civil  War, 
during  which  the  castle  was  rendered  untenable  by  order  of  the  Parlia- 
ment in  1648. 

The  honour  of  Knareshorough  comprised  the  borough,  the  Forest  (in 
which  Thruscross  was  situated)  and  the  Forest  liberty.  About  the 
time  ofEang  John  the  Forest  belonged  to  the  De  Sturteville  family; 
(it  was  then  technically  not  a  ** forest,"  but  a  ''chase ; "  a  ** forest" 
must  belong  to  king  or  sovereign  alone  ;  if  it  fall  into  the  hands  of  a 
subject  it  becomes  a  **  chase."  )* 

The  date  of  John  Atkinson's  death  is  not  known.  He 
had  at  least  two  children : — 

2.  Thomas  Atkinson,  b.  d.  8.  81.  1687. 

Founder  of  the  Bucks  County  family. 

3.  John  Atkinson,  b.  d.  8.  2.  1688. 

Went  to  Pennsylvania  with  his  brother  Thomas,  who  left  him  by  will 
100  acres  of  land  in  Bristol  township,  Bucks  County,  but  as  John  died 
without  issue  (and  apparently  unmarried)  within  a  year  thereafter,  the 
land  reverted  to  Thomas's  children.  John's  death  is  on  the  Middletown 
Monthly  Meeting  register. 

2.  Thomas  Atkinson,  son  of  John  Atkinson,  was  born 
at  Newby,  in  Yorkshire,  before  1660.  In  1838  there  were 
five  townships  called  "  Newby  "  in  Yorkshire,*  (not  count- 
ing one  called  "  Newby-Wisk,"  in  the  North  Riding), 
which  all  seem  to  have  borne  the  name  from  a  much  earlier 
period.  Three  of  these,  being  in  the  North  Riding,  may  be 
left  out  of  consideration.  The  other  two  are  in  the  West 
Riding : 

(a).     Newby,  a  joint  township  with  Clapham,  in  parish  of 

^  See  also  description  of  the  manor  and  lorest  of  Knareshorough  in 
1608,  vol.  I,  p.  288,  Yorkshire  Notes  &  Queries,  J.  Horsfall  Turner, 
1888. 

*  See  Lewis's  Topographical  Dictionary,  8rd  edition. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ,  Pennsylvania.       67 

Clapham,  Western  Division  of  the  wapentake  of  Stainclifte  & 
Ewcross,  7J  miles  (N.  W.)  from  Settle.  This  Newby-cum- 
Clapham  was  28  J  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Thruscross  and  over 
40  miles  from  Knaresborough.  It  is  unlikely  that  this  was 
the  one  in  which  Thomas  Atkinson  was  born. 

(b).  Newby,  a  joint  township  with  Mulwith,  in  that  part 
of  the  parish  of  Ripon  which  is  in  the  liberty  of  Ripon, 
Lower  Division  of  the  wapentake  of  Claro ;  on  the  river 
Ure ;  3 J  miles  (S.  E.)  from  Ripon.  This  one  was  14  miles 
E.N.E.  from  Thruscross  and  about  7  J  miles  N.  from  Knares- 
borough. Being  thus  the  nearest  to  both  these  places,  it 
was  almost  certainly  that  one  mentioned  as  Thomas  Atkin- 
son's birthplace.  It  was  besides  the  best  known,  and  was 
generally  called  simply  *'  Newby."  * 

Thomas  Atkinson  must  have  removed  with  his  parents 
from  Newby  to  Thruscross  when  quite  a  child ;  by  the  time 
of  his  marriage  (1678)  he  had  moved  again  to  Sandwick  or 
Sandwith,  in  Addingham  parish,  and  was  there  in  1679, 
the  last  we  hear  of  him  till  his  coming  to  America.'  This 
place  has  not  been  identified ;  it  was  doubtless  the  name  of 
a  hamlet,  not  of  the  importance  of  a  township.  Lewis  (3rd 
ed.,  1888),  says  of  the  parish,  (the  name  of  the  church  in 
parenthesis) : 

"  ADDINGHAM     {St.   Peter),   a  parish,  partly  in  the 

^  It  was  not  from  any  large  population  that  it  was  better  known, 
for  Lewis  in  1888  speaks  of  it  as  ''containing  with  Mulwith,  39  in- 
habitants/'  while  Allen,  seven  years  earlier,  says :  *'Newby  with  Mulwith 
has  fifty-two  inhabitants  ;"  (perhaps  there  were  still  more  earlier,  in 
Thomas  Atkinson^s  time).  But  its  principal  claim  to  notice  was  that  it 
contained  Newby  Hall,  built  by  Sir  Edward  Blacket,  about  1705,  long 
after  Thomas  Atkinson  had  left  there.  For  description  and  engraving 
of  Newby  Hall  (in  1831,  then  the  seat  of  Lord  Qrantham),  see  Allen, 
vol.  Ill,  p.  876. 

*  A  note  to  Records  of  the  Hall  Ihmily,  of  Bridol^  Peniuylvania, 
Pekka.  Mag.  Hist,  and  Biog.,  XI,  816,  speaks  of  Thomas  Atkinson 
of  Newby,  County  York,  England;"  as  we  have  seen,  he  was  bom 
there,  but  had  moved  away  long  before  going  to  Pennsylvania.  I  have 
repeated  this  inaccuracy  in  a  footnote  to  Bichcurd  Bough,  Provincial 
Qnmcillor,  ibid.  XVIII,  88,  stating,  even  more  inaccurately,  that  he 
came  "to  Pennsylvania  from  Newby."     O.  H. 


68       Atldnson  Families  of  Bucks  County ^  Pennsylvania. 

Eastern  Division  of  the  wapentake  of  Stainclippb  and  Ew- 
CROSS,  and  partly  in  the  Upper  Division  of  the  wapentake 
of  Claro,  West  Riding  of  the  County  of  York,  containing 
2251  inhabitants,"  ...  "6  miles  (b.  by  s.)  from  Skip- 
ton."  Lewis  mentions  a  place  of  worship  of  the  Society  of 
Friends  in  the  vicinity,  but  does  not  name  it;  no  doubt 
Beamsley  Meeting  House,  in  the  township  of  the  same  name, 
which  possibly  also  included  Sandwick  or  Sandwith,  as 
Thomas  Atkinson  attended  Beamsley  Meeting.  Lewis  (3rd 
ed)  has : 

"  BEAMSLEY,  a  township,  partly  in  that  portion  of 

the  parish  of  Addingham,  but  chiefly  in  that  portion  of 

the  parish  of  Skipton,  which  are  in  the  Upper  Division 

of  the  wapentake  of  Claro,  West  Riding  of  the  county 

of  York,  6J  miles  (b.  by  n.)  from  Skipton." 

Thomas  Atkinson  joined  the  Society  of  Friends  when 

quite  young,  probably  at  the  same  time  as  his  father,  and 

was  an  accepted  minister  of  that  body  before  his  marriage 

in  1678,  at  what  must  have  still  been  an  early  age.^    Of 

the  details  of  his  ministry  we  have  no  record.*     Sandwick 

or  Sandwith   (whatever  or  wherever  it  exactly  was,)  was 

within  the  compass  of  Knaresborough  Monthly  Meeting,  in 

whose  register  the  entries  of  Thomas  Atkinson's  marriage, 

etc.,  were  made. 

In  1681,  Thomas  Atkinson  obtained  a  certificate  from 
Beamsley    Meeting'  for  himself   and    family,   and    they 

^  Most  of  the  personal  data  here  and  later  are  from  Jane  Atkin- 
son's Testimony  ;  see  preyious  footnote. 

'  Although  the  gospel  labors  and  sufferings  of  a  Thomas  Atkinson 
are  mentioned  a  number  of  times  in  Friends'  writings,  all  so  far  published 
appear  to  relate  to  a  contemporary,  but  much  older  man,  Thomas 
Atkinson,  of  Lancashire,  also  presumably  a  minister.    See  Note  A. 

'  Jane's  Tutimony  says  the  Monthly  Meeting,  but  The  Friend  sketch 
of  Jane  herself  says  Beamsley,  which  as  stated  above,  was  the  particular 
meeting  to  which  Thomas  Atkinson  belonged,  and  one  of  those  con- 
stituting Knaresborough  Monthly  Meeting.  At  this  time  Friends  some- 
times obtained  certificates  from  their  particular  meetings,  or  meetings 
for  worship ;  the  practice  later  was  for  the  monthly  meeting  only  to  issue 
them. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County^  Pennsylvania.       69 

removed  to  West  Jersey,  in  America,  persumably  on  the 
"  Yorkshire,  purchase  "  on  the  upper  side  of  Burlington. 
Their  stay  here  was  only  temporary,  for  in  1682  they  were 
living  in  Bucks  County,  in  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania, 
where  Thomas  bought  a  plantation  in  what  was  afterwards 
Bristol  township.* 

In  the  formation  of  social  lines  in  this  new  settlement, 
the  Atkinsons  naturally  gravitated  into  that  class  of  families 
which  took  the  lead  in  the  social  and  political  life  of  the 
county,  and, — most  of  these  being  Friends, — ^in  meeting 
affairs  also ;  this  is  a  strong  indication  that  they  were  of  no 
mean  extraction  abroad,  for  many  of  these  families  had 
solid  claims  to  gentle  lineage  in  England.  That  his  posi- 
tion as  a  minister  of  the  Society  of  Friends  would  have 
given  his  family  this  standing  without  other  qualification, 
can  hardly  hold  here,  for  no  mention  of  him  as  a  minister 
appears  on  the  meeting  minutes,  and  it  is  likely  that  ill- 
health  prevented  any  activity  in  the  ministry,  after  his 
arrival  in  America ;  and  besides  there  are  sufficient  instances 
of  persons  of  obscure  origin  becoming  very  worthy  in  the 
ministry,  but  receiving  no  social  recognition.  Nor  was  it 
wealth  that  gave  Thomas  Atkinson  a  high  place  among  his 
fellows,  for  his  worldly  fortunes  were  not  prosperous,  partly 
because  of  his  poor  health  after  coming  here,  and  partly 
owing  to  his  temperament  being  more  that  of  the  religious 
enthusiast  than  of  the  business  man.  He  was,  indeed,  a 
considerable  landowner,  but  the  inventory  of  his  estate' 
shows  that  he  had  been  unable  to  pay  for  all  of  it  before  his 
death ;  and  at  the  Falls  monthly  meeting  of  6  mo.  4,  1683, 

1  A  note  to  Records  of  the  HaU  Family,  Penna.  Mao.,  XI,  316,  states 
that  he  settled  in  Northampton  township ;  it  is  true  he  bought  land  in 
that  township  also,  but  the  land  on  which  he  resided  was  in  Bristol 
township.  I  have  copied  this  error,  in  footnote  to  ''Richard  Hough," 
Penna.  Mao.,  XVIII,  83,  O.  H.  The  account  of  Thomas  Atkinson's 
residences,  location  of  his  lands,  list  of  children,  etc.,  on  the  54th 
page  (front  and  back),  vol.  6,  of  Martindale*s  MS8  (at  Hist  Soc.  of  Pa.) 
is  so  totally  erroneous,  that  it  is  useless  to  mention  errors  in  detail. 

*  Filed  with  his  will,  see  below. 


70       Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ^  Pennsylvania. 

"  William  Biles  reported  that  Thomas  Atkinson  of  Nesha- 
mine*  is  in  want  as  to  his  outward  concerns,  |ind  he  and 
some  others  hath  took  his  condition  into  their  consideration 
and  have  bought  him  a  cow  and  a  calf — ^the  price  is  five 
pounds  and  do  desire  this  meetings  assistance  toward  the 
payment  of  the  said  cow  and  calf;  "  on  8  mo.  8  some  sub- 
scriptions for  this  purpose  were  reported.'  Again,  shortly 
before  his  death,  Thomas  Atkinson  himself  told  the  same 
meeting,  7  mo.  27,  1687  that  he  and  his  family  were  very 
weak,  and  could  thresh  no  corn,  nor  had  any  hay  for  his 
cattle,  and  desired  some  assistance  from  Friends. 

Thomas  Atkinson  bought,  presumably  from  the  Proprietary  and  soon 
after  his  arrival,  three  hundred  acres  of  land,  but  as  no  patent,  warrant 
nor  deed  for  the  same  has  been  found  the  date  and  seller's  name  are  not 
known.  This  was  laid  out  in  what  became  Bristol  township,  and  was 
the  plantation  on  which  he  resided.  It  is  shown  on  Holme's  map  in 
Atkinson's  name,  but  without  exact  boundary  lines.  In  his  wDl,  he 
left  100  acres  of  this  to  his  brother,  John  Atkinson,  to  revert  to 
Thomas's  sons,  if  John  died  without  issue,  which  is  what  happened ; 
and  the  balance  of  the  tract  to  his  wife,  Jane,  for  life,  and  then  to  his 
three  sons,  Isaac,  William  and  Samuel  Atkinson. 

At  the  Falls  monthly  meeting  9  mo.  8,  1693,  ''Jane  the  wife  of 
William  Biles  proposed  the  sale  of  the  Plantation  she  formerly  lived 
upon  .  .  .  and  upon  a  due  consideration  of  the  matter  it  was  by 
this  meeting  thought  most  profitable  for  the  children  of  Thomas  Atkin- 
son that  it  be  sold  for  a  valuable  consideration  and  the  money  its  sold 
for  be  secured  at  interest  to  be  paid  them  with  the  profits  arising  by 
the  said  interest  as  they  come  of  age." 

^  The  region  in  early  times  called  Neshamina,  on  both  sides  of 
the  creek  of  that  name,  (now  spelled  Neshaminy),  included  lands 
afterwards  erected  into  Middletown  township,  and  parts  of  the  adjoining 
townships  of  Bristol,  Bensalem  and  Northampton. 

'  This  and  other  quotations  firom  and  references  to  the  various 
meeting  minutes,  are  from  the  minute  books  in  possession  of  the  clerks 
or  other  custodians  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  The  Falls  minute  books 
are  at  the  Friends'  Library,  (Orthodox),  142  No.  16th  St  (16th  &  Race), 
Philadelphia;  they  are,  men's  minutes,  books  A  to  £,  1683-1827  ; 
women's,  three  books,  1682/3-1852 ;  some  of  these  are  copies,  the 
originals  being  in  the  Newtown  bank.  The  Middletown  minute 
books  are  kept  in  the  meeting  house  at  Langhome. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania.       71 

At  a  County  Court  held  1  mo.  18,  1695/6:  "  Adress  being  made  to 
this  Court  by  Phinehas  Pemberton  on  behalf  and  at  the  request  of  Jane 
formerly  the  wife  of  Thomas  Atkinson  but  now  wife  of  William  Biles 
requesting  the  approbation  of  this  Court  for  the  disposing  of  300  Acre 
of  land  given  to  her  by  her  husband  Thomas  Atkinson  by  will  during 
her  natural  life  and  after  her  decease  to  his  three  sons  Isaac,  William, 
and  Samuel.  William  Biles  declared  he  quit  his  claim  and  interest  in 
right  of  his  wife."* 

In  pursuance  of  the  above  William  and  Jane  Biles  made  a  deed* 
to  George  Biles  (son  of  William)  4  mo.  10,  1696,  for  this  800  acres,  «in 
New  Bristol  township,  taken  up  by  Thomas  Atkinson,  but  never  paid 
for  by  him."  On  the  same  day  William  Biles  gave  his  bond,  to 
Phineas  Pemberton  and  Richard  Hough  in  trust  to  secure  the  money  to 
the  children,  and  the  deed  was  acknowledged  before  the  court.'  As 
these  sons  came  of  age  they  executed  releases  for  this  land,  Isaac's 
being  4  mo.  11,  1700,  William's  4  mo.  9,  1702,  and  Samuel's  March  9, 
1707/8 ;  ^  Isaac's  and  William's  were  to  George  Biles,  and  Samuel's 
to  William  Paxson ;  (G.  Biles  had  sold  to  Solomon  Warder,  and  Wil- 
loughby  Warder  to  William  Biles,  Sr.,  who  sold  to  Paxson.) 

At  the  session  of  the  Board  of  Property,  12  mo.  28,  1701,  *  George 
Biles  produced  this  deed  of  4  mo.  10,  1696,  for  800  acres  of  land 
in  '*  New  Bristol  township,  Bucks  County,"  bounded  west  by  John 
Rowland,  north  by  William  Dungan,  east  by  Randal  Blackshaw,  and 
south  by  Charles  Brigham,  sold  by  William  Biles  and  wife  Jane,  relict 
of  Thomas  Atkinson  ;  also  Isaac  Atkinson's  release  ;  and  requested  a  re- 
survey  to  make  title  to  Solomon  Warder  to  whom  he  had  sold  it.  The 
board  ordered  him  a  warrant,  and  a  patent  to  be  issued  on  the  return. 
Biles  paying  for  ''overplus,"  and  the  alienation  from  the  Proprietary 
being  further  inspected. 

Thomas  Atkinson,  in  his  will,  empowered  his  executrix  to  sell  ''  that 
one  hundred  ackers  of  land  wch  I  bought  of  Joseph  English."  As  no 
deed  to  Atkinson,  nor  from  his  executrix,  has  been  found  for  this,  it  is 
impossible  to  exactly  locate  it. 

He  also  bought  from  the  Proprietary  a  tract  in  Northampton  town- 
ship, laid  out  for  500  acres.  The  date  of  this  purchase  is  unknown,  as 
the  patent  has  not  been  found  on  record,  but  the  deed  for  its  sale  says 

*  From  Court  docket  in  Quarter  Sessions  Office,  Doylestown. 
»  Bucks  County  Deed  Book  2,  p.  81. 

•  Court  Docket  and  Deed  Book  2,  p.  82. 

♦  Bucks  County  Deed  Book  8,  pages  20,  104  and  404  respectively. 
SamuePs  was  not  dated,  but  was  acknowledged  on  the  date  given  above. 

•  Minute  Book  G,  Board  of  Property;  Penna.  Arch.,  2  ser.,  XIX, 
277. 


72      Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County j  Pennsylvania. 

the  warrant  was  dated  6  mo.  25,  1684,  and  that  it  was  laid  out  by  the 
Surveyor  Qeneral's  order,  8  mo.  20,  1684.  It  is  shown  on  Holme's 
Map  in  Atkinson's  name,  triangular  in  shape,  bounded  southwest  by 
Job  Howell's  and  Arthur  Cook's  land,  northwest  by  a  tract  unnamed, 
and  east  by  a  road. 

Davis  says,  (1st  ed.,  p.  355)  :  **  Thomas  Atkinson  owned  five  hundred 
acres  north  of  the  road  leading  from  Addisville  to  Newtoim,  reaching 
six  hundred  perches  northeast  of  that  village"  [i.  e.  Addisville]. 
' '  Adjoining  this  tract  on  the  north  was  John  Holme,  seven  hundred 
acres,  which  he  conveyed  to  Jeremiah  Dungan  in  1716." 

He  sold  it  to  Joseph  Eirkbride  by  deed^  of  8  mo.  12,  1687,  which 
was  acknowledged  in  the  County  Court  10  mo.  4,  by  Bobert  Dove, 
attorney  for  Thomas  Atkinson,  (who  was  then  deceased). 

In  a  list  called  * '  Old  Rights  "  among  the  papers  in  the  Land  Office 
of  Pennsylvania,*  occur  the  following: 

18.  Thomas  Atkinson,  warrant  for  500  acres,  dated  5.  26.  1684. 

19.  "  **  **       *'     40     **         "      8.  28.  1684. 
The  first  is  no  doubt  for  the  Northampton  tract,  the  figures  here  for 
month  and  day  being  only  a  transposition  of  those  in  the  deed  (5.  £6 — 
6.  25),    The  second  may  be  for^some  allowance,  but  just  what  or  where 
is  uncertain,  as  he  is  not  known  to  have  had  any  tract  that  size. 

In  Bucks  County  Thomas  Atkinson  joined  Neshamina 
(afterwards  Middletown')  Monthly  Meeting,  on  the  min- 
utes of  which  body  his  name  first  appears  at  the  meet- 
ing held  at  Nicholas  Wain's  7  mo.  2,  1684,  when  he  and 
Nicholas  Wain  were  appointed  to  attend  the  Yearly  Meet- 
ing. He  was  appointed  on  committees  of  Neshamina  Mo. 
Mtg.  on  5  mo.  4,  8  mo.  1,  and  11  mo.  7,  1686,  and  1  mo. 
4, 1686  [1685/6]  aft^r  which  he  transferred  his  attendance 
to  Palls,  and  was  on  committees  of  that  meeting  12  mo.  2, 
1686  [Feb.  1687,  K  S.]  and  4  mo.  7, 1687.  At  this  time 
Friends  sometimes  transferred  this  way  without  certificates 
when  the  meetings  were  about  equally  near  their  homes, 
though  the  meeting  losing  the  member  generally  protested. 

»  Bucks  County  Deed  Book  1,  p.  182  ;  recorded  10  mo.  15,  1687. 

*  Penna.  Arch.,  8  ser.,  Ill,  64. 

'  Neshamina  Monthly  Meeting  was  first  called  Middletown  on  the 
minutes  of  8  mo.  2,  1700.  Ezra  Michener,  in  his  Betroipect  of  Early 
Quakerism,  (Phila.,  1860),  p.  77,  says  it  was  first  so  called  in  1706, 
evidently  a  slip  of  the  pen  or  misreading  of  the  manuscript 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County^  Pennsylvania.       78 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Grand  Jury  on  4  mo.  1,  1685, 
but  held  no  public  office.  We  have  no  specimen  of  his 
signature;  his  will  and  the  deed  to  Kirkbride,  of  8  mo.  12, 
1687,  were  signed  with  his  first  initial  only,  T,  he  being 
then  very  ill. 

Thomas  Atkinson  died  8  mo.  31st,  1687,^  at  his 
residence  in  Bristol  township,  and  was  most  likely  buried 
on  his  own  plantation,  though  possibly  in  the  ground  on 
Slate  Pit  Hill  belonging  to  Falls  Mtg. ;  Middletown  Meet- 
ing had  no  burial  ground  so  early.  The  Philadelphia 
Yearly  Meeting  published  a  memorial  of  him,  consisting  of 
his  wife's  testimony  concerning  him,  in  a  book  entitled 
A  Collection  of  Memorials  concerning  Divers  deceased  Ministers 
and  others,  etc.  (Phila.  1787),  page  10  : 

Jane  Atkinson's  Testimony  concerning  her  late  husband 
Thomas  Atkinson. 

He  was  born  at  Newby  in  the  County  of  York,  being  the 
son  of  John  Atkinson,  of  Thrush-Cross,  was  convinced  of 
the  truth  and  had  received  a  gift  of  the  ministry  before  I 
knew  him.  We  were  joined  in  marriage  in  the  year  1678, 
and  lived  together  in  love  and  unity.  He  was  a  zealous 
man  for  the  truth,  and  according  to  the  gift  which  he  had 
received,  bore  a  faithful  testimony  unto  it,  of  which  many 
were  witnesses  in  that  country  from  whence  we  came.  In 
1682  we  came  into  this  country,  with  one  consent,  and  in 
the  unity  of  our  dear  friends  and  brethren,  who  gave  a 
good  testimony  for  us,  by  a  certificate  from  their  monthly 
meeting;  and  my  soul  hath  good  cause  to  bless  the  Lord, 
and  to  prize  his  mercies,  whose  presence  was  with  us  by 
sea  and  land.  Since  we  came  into  this  part  of  the  world, 
he  retained  his  love  and  zeal  for  God  and  his  truth,  his 
treasure  not  being  in  this  world,  and  as  it  often  opened  in 

*  So  stated  in  Jane's  Testimony,  and  in  the  probate  of  his  will  and  in 
the  inventory  ;  Middletoim  Mo.  Mtg.  roister  has  9  mo.  1,  but  the  meeting 
records  have  in  other  places  been  found  a  day  late.  The  note  to 
Records  of  the  HaU  Family ,  quoted  above,  Penna.  Mag.,  XI,  816,  has 
October  1682,  the  last  figure  of  the  year  being  a  typographical  error. 


74      Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ^  Pennsylvania, 

his  heart,  did  exhort  others  to  stand  loose  from  things 
which  are  here  below,  and  diligently  seek  after  those  things 
that  are  above.  He  was  a  tender  husband,  ready  to  encour- 
age and  strengthen  me  in  that  which  is  good.  About  the 
latter  end  of  the  fifth  month  1687,  he  was  taken  with  the 
ague  and  fever,  which  much  weakened  his  body,  in  which 
he  continued  a  considerable  time ;  being  well  content  with 
the  dealings  of  the  Lord :  His  heart  was  oft;en  opened  in 
prayer  and  supplication  unto  his  God,  to  preserve  him  in 
patience  unto  the  end  of  his  days,  and  that  none  of  us 
might  think  hard  of  any  of  those  exercises  that  he  is  pleased 
to  try  us  withal.  At  times  he  would  look  upon  me  and 
say,  my  dear  wife,  the  Lord  preserve  thee  and  take  care  of  thee, 
for  I  must  leave  thee  and  go  to  my  rest;  with  many  more 
sweet  and  heavenly  expressions  and  exhortations,  in  the 
time  of  his  great  weakness,  which  continued  until  the  81st 
of  the  eighth  month,  when  he  once  more  exhorted  me  to  be 
content,  and  that  I  would  desire  his  brother  (who  was  then 
absent)  to  be  content  also ;  Aft^r  which  he  passed  away  as 
one  falling  into  a  quiet  sleep.  And  as  the  Lord  hath 
hitherto  been  my  strength  and  my  stay  in  the  time  of  my 
great  distress,  so  the  desire  of  my  heart  is,  that  I,  with  my 
brethren  and  sisters,  who  yet  remain  behind,  may  also 
finish  our  course  in  faithftilness,  that  in  the  end  we  may 
receive  the  same  reward  with  the  righteous  that  are  gone 
before. 

Jane  Atkinson." 

An  account  of  him  prepared  by  Nathan  Kite,  in  The  Friend^ 
vol.  XXVn,  p.  172,  (Phila.  1854),  includes  the  above  Testi- 
mony, worded  slightly  diflferently  in  some  parts,  making  it  a 
little  longer,  but  substantially  the  same;  one  additional 
particular  being  an  account  of  her  own  illness  before  her 
husband's,  (contained  more  fully  in  memorial  of  her  to  be 
^ven  below).  It  is  in  this  version  that  Jane  speaks  of  her 
father-in-law,  John  Atkinson,  as  "  an  honest  friend. "  There 
is  an  introductory  paragraph  which  speaks  of  their  being  in 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bricks  Coitnh/j  Pennsylvaniak       76 

New  Jersey  in  1681,  while  Jane  says  they  came  to  this 
country  in  1682,  though  she  may  have  meant  Pennsylvania 
only. 

In  his  wilP,  dated  8  mo.  10,  1687,  proved  8  mo.  21, 
1688,  Thomas  Atkinson  appointed  his  wife,  Jane,  executrix, 
and  for  the  better  payment  of  his  debts  empowered  her  to 
sell  the  100  acres  that  he  had  bought  of  Joseph  English. 
To  his  brother,  John  Atkinson,  he  left  100  acres  of  that 
"  tract  on  which  I  now  dwell, "  the  same  to  return  to 
Thomas's  children,  if  John  died  without  issue,  (which  he 
did).  To  his  wife,  Jane,  he  left  the  remainder  of  his  real 
and  personal  estate  during  her  life,  and  afterwards  the  re- 
maining part  of  his  home  plantation  (100  acres  of  which 
was  given  to  brother  John)  to  his  three  sons  Isaac,  William 
and  Samuel.  The  inventory,  dated  12  mo.  11,  1687,  men- 
tions the  100  acres  which  Jane  was  to  sell,  and  among  the 
debts  in  Jane's  account,  dated  2  mo.  10, 1689,  are  £12  owing 
to  the  Governor  for  land,  and  £14, 14s.  lid.  to  Joseph  Eng- 
lish; the  inventory  and  account  are  filed  with  the  will. 

Thomas  Atkinson  married  4  mo.  4,  1678  (O.  S.)  under 
care  of  Knaresborough  Monthly  Meeting,  in  Yorkshire, 
Jane  Bond*.  Neither  her  parentage  nor  previous  resi- 
dence are  known  to  the  writer. 

^  yl    /n  That  she  was  unusually  well 

^leaJ)!^    Cyj  t^n^^^"^^  educated  for  a  woman  of  her 

J  time  is  proved  by  some  writ- 

ings she  has  left,  such  dish^v  Testimony  Qou(t&rxi\ug  herhusband, 
as  well  as  the  cultivated  style  of  her  signature.*      She  was 

*  Bucks  Ck)unty  Will  Book  Al,  p.  50  ;  registered  5  mo.  5,  1688. 

*  The  meeting  register  is  somewhat  illegible  at  this  point;  some 
copyists  have  rendered  this  name  Boid,  and  one  Bord^  but  as  these  names 
are  unknown  in  the  locality,  while  that  of  Bond  occurs  frequently,  the 
preference  is  for  the  latter.  Miles  White,  Jr.,  in  William  Biles,  Penna. 
Mag.,  XXVI.,  353  n,  has  Boid,  The  marriage  record  gives  Thomas's 
residence  as  Sandmckf  while  that  of  the  birth  of  his  son  Isaac,  has  it 
Sandwith, 

'  The  signature  herewith  produced  is  from  her  bond  as  executrix, 
filed  with  her  husband's  will. 


76      Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ,  Pennsylvania. 

a  minister  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  "  is  said  to  have 
had  an  eminent  public  testimony."  ^  On  coming  to 
Backs  County,  she  first  attended  Neshamina  (Middle- 
town)  Monthly  Meeting;  on  10  mo.  3, 1684,  she  and  Mary 
Hayhurst  were  appointed  to  inquire  into  the  "  clearness  "  of 
Joan  Comly,  whose  marriage  was  proposed  with  Joseph 
English;  she  served  on  a  similar  committee  12  mo.  3, 1685. 
After  that  she  attended  Falls  Monthly  Meeting  and  was  on 
committees  there  6  mo.  4,  and  8  mo.  6,  1686,  5  mo.  6,  and 
10  mo.  7,  1687,  (and  numerous  others  after  her  second 
marriage).  She  attended  Middletown  Monthly  Meeting 
again,  but  not  as  a  member,  11  mo.  5,  1687,  and  oflfered  to 
accept  the  meeting's  order  in  settiement  of  a  diflference  that 
had  been  pending  between  her  husband,  lately  deceased, 
and  Thomas  Stackhouse,  Jr. ;  the  meeting  ordered  her  to 
pay  Stackhouse  30  shillings.  Falls  made  her  a  representa- 
tive to  the  Yearly  Meeting  7  mo.  1,  1686  and  6  mo. 
16, 1688. 

"In  1687  she  was  taken  very  ill,  and  both  she  and  her 
husband  thought  she  would  die.  After  a  time  he  told  her 
he  believed  she  would  be  raised  up  again  and  that  he  should 
be  taken  instead.  This  proved  to  be  true,  for  that  very  day 
he  became  unwell,  and,  after  lingering  for  eight  or  nine 
weeks,  died ;  while  she,  by  whom  much  labor  in  the  mili- 
tant church  was  yet  to  be  performed,  grew  stronger  and 
stronger. "  (White's  William  JBileSy  condensed  from  The 
Friend^ s  account  of  hir.) 

Thomas  and  Jane  Atkinson  had  issue : 

4.  Isaac  Atkinson,  b.  1.2.  1678/9,  d.11.3.  1720/1.  Mar. 4.23. 
1708,  Sarah  Hough. 

6.    William  Atkinson,  b. . .1681,  d.  8.29.  1749.     Mar. 

l8t,  2.6.  1704,  Mary  Hough.     2nd,  4.5.  1722,  Margaret  Baker. 

6.  Samuel  Atkinson,  b.  5.17.  1685  O.  S.,  d.  2.21.  1775,  N.  S. 
Mar.  7.  12.  1714,  Ruth  (Stacy)  Beakes. 

Jane  Atkinson,  widow   of  Thomas,  married,  second,  10 
»  White's  WiUiam  Biles,  Penna.  Mag.,  XXVI,  358. 


AtkiJison  Families  of  Bucks  County ,  Pennsylvania.       77 

mo.  11,1688,  William  Biles,  of  Palls  township;  *they 
were  married  at  the  latter's  house.     They  had  no  issue. 

William  Biles  was  one  of  the  most  noted  men  in  the 
Province  of  Pennsylvania,  a  minister  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  and  a  large  landowner  in  Bucks  County.  He  was 
a  Provincial  Councillor,  and  many  years  a  member  of  the 
Assembly,  and  a  Justice  of  the  Bucks  County  Court.  For 
an  extended  sketch  of  his  life,  see  William  Biles,  by  Miles 
White,  Jr.,  Penna.  Mag.  Hist.  &  Bioa.,  vol.  XXVI,  pp.  58- 
70, 192-206,  348-359.  His  children,  by  his  first  wife,  inter- 
married  with  the  Beakes,  Langhorne,  Hughes,  Blackshaw, 
Yardley  and  Janney  families,  all  prominent  in  Bucks 
County,  and  the  distinguished  Lambert  family  of  New 
Jersey,  and  vA\h  their  connections,  constituted  a  large  part 
of  the  old  Colonial  office-holding  aristocracy  of  the  county. 

After  her  second  marriage,  Jane  moved,  with  her  chil- 
dren, to  her  new  husband's  plantation  in  Falls  township, 
more  directly  within  the  compass  of  Falls  Mo.  Mtg.,  and 
continued  her  activity  in  the  affairs  of  that  body. 

An  account  of  her  life  is  given  in  The  Friend,  vol. 
XXVin  (Phila.  1855),  pp.  93,  102.  By  it  she  appears  to 
have  been  an  acknowledged  minister  before  they  removed 
to  New  Jersey  (which  this  account  says  was  in  1682),  and  it 
tells  some  of  the  particulars  given  above  and  below.  When 
she  married  William  Biles,  "  in  her  he  had  a  faithful  help- 
meet, and  one  well  calculated  to  assist  him  in  his  journey 
heavenward."  (White's  William  Biles.)  At  this  time  she 
began  to  travel  in  the  ministry  of  the  Gospel,  and  her  hus- 
band generally  accompanied  her.  In  1st  mo.,  1689,  with 
the  unity  of  Falls  Monthly  Meeting  and  the  approbation  ot 
the  General  Meeting  of  Ministers,  she  visited  Friends  in  East 
Jersey  and  on  Long  Island. 

"  When  George  Keith  began  his  quarrel  with  Friends  in 
Philadelphia,  he  worked  insidiously  amongst  country 
Friends,  who  had  not  an  opportunity  of  immediately  testing 

^  Raster  of  Middletown  Mo.  Mtg. 


78       Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County^  Pennsylvania. 

the  truth  of  his  assertions,  and  in  some  instances  got  up  a 
prejudice  against,  the  friends  of  truth  and  sound  doctrine  in 
those  who  were  themselves  sound  in  the  faith."  "  So  it 
was  with  Jane  Biles.  She  thought  for  a  short  time  that 
Gteorge  Keith  was  a  sound  Friend  and  an  injured  man." 
"  She  was  not  long  suffered  to  remain  in  that  delusion. 
She  took  to  the  Select  Yearly  Meeting,  held  in  the  First 
month,  1693,  a  testimony  against  George  Keith,  which 
*  was  read  and  approved.' "     {The  Friend.) 

On  5  mo.  1st,  1696,  she  and  her  husband  proposed  to 
Falls  Monthly  Meeting  to  visit  Friends  in  New  England ; 
they  were  granted  a  certificate  and  visited  those  Friends  to 
their  satisfaction.  William  and  Jane  Biles  were  appointed 
on  a  committee,  9  mo.  3,  1697,  to  draw  up  a  Testimony 
"concerning  Thomas  Janney's  labors  and  service  amongst 
us  in  the  Truth." 

At  a  General  Meeting  ot  Ministers  in  10  mo.  1699,  Jane 
Biles  laid  before  it  a  concern  that  had  long  rested  on  her 
mind  to  pay  a  religious  visit  to  England.  William 
Biles  opposed  her  going  she  being  "  but  weakly  in  body," 
but  in  7  mo.  1700  the  meeting  gave  its  consent,  not  consid- 
ering his  opposition  an  obstacle.*  On  11  mo.  5,  1700  she 
proposed  the  same  to  Falls  Monthly  Meeting,  her  husband 
consenting  and  offering  to  go  with  her ;  Falls  issued  certifi- 
cates for  both  1  mo.  6,  1701  [1700/1].  They  sailed  early 
in  1701  and  went  to  both  England  and  Ireland.  "  They 
returned  towards  the  close  of  1702 ,  having  been  absent  from 
America  something  under  two  years.  In  giving  an  account 
of  their  labors  to  their  Friends  at  home,  they  expressed  the 
satisfaction  they  had  had  in  the  performance  of  their  duty 
in  England  and  Ireland." 

<<  Jane  appears  to  have  been  strengthened  in  her  bodily 
health,  so  as  to  perform  the  service  assigned  her  abroad, 
and  after  her  return,  we  have  evidence  that  she  was  for  several 
yeans  able  to  attend  to  her  religious  duties.     She  frequented 

'  See  also  White's  WiUiam  Biles,  p.  353. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Sticks  County j  Pennsylvania.       79 

her  own  Yearly  Meeting,  and  we  find  her  at  the  Yearly 
Meetings  for  worship,  which  were  held  at  divers  places. 
Her  concern  for  the  promotion  of  the  cause  of  Truth,  led 
her  to  open  in  the  Select  Yearly  Meeting,  in  First  Month, 
1706,  the  case  of  a  venerable  Friend  who  had  gone  to  a 
marriage  consummated  at  the  house  of  one  who  had 
separated  from  Friends."  After  hearing  the  Friend  him- 
himself  in  reply  to  Jane's  charge,  the  meeting  decided  that 
he  "  was  condemned  therein,  and  that  he  was  mistaken  in 
the  motion  that  led  him  thereto." 

"  The  last  service  I  find  Jane  Biles  engaged  in,  was  in 
the  year  1706,  but  doubtless  she  continued  faithfully  labour- 
ing as  long  as  strength  and  health  were  afforded."  (7%e 
Friend,) 

The  minutes  of  Falls  Monthly  Meeting  of  11  mo.  4,  1709 
record :  "  Our  dear  friend  Jane  Biles  is  deceased."  She 
was  buried  10  mo.  21,  1709.  William  Biles  died  in  1710, 
and  was  buried  3  mo.  19. 

(Tobeoontinued.) 


80  Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  England. 


PENNSYLVANIA  GLEANINGS  IN  ENGLAND. 

BT  LOTHROP  WITHINGTON,  30  LITTLE  RUSSELL  STREET,  W.  C,  LONDON. 

(Including  ** Gleanings"  by  Henry  F.  Waters,  not  before  printed.) 

(Continued  from  YoL  xxiz  p.  319.) 

William  Penn  Esqrb  so  called  Chiet  Proprietary  and 
Governor  of  the  Province  of  Pensilvania  and  the  territories 
thereunto  belonging.  Will  27  May,  1712 ;  provd  4  Novem- 
ber 1718.  My  eldest  son  being  well  provided  for  by  a 
settlement  of  his  Mothers  and  my  father's  Estate,  the  Gov- 
ernment of  my  Province  of  Pennsilvania  and  Territories 
belonging  to  the  Earl  of  Oxford  and  Earl  Mortimer  and  to 
Will,  Earl  Poulet  so  called,  on  trust  as  I  shall  hereafter, 
direct.  To  my  dear  wife  Hannah  Penn  and  her  father 
Thomas  Callowhill  and  to  my  friends  Margaret  Lowther, 
my  dear  sister,  and  to  Gilbert  Heathcote,  Physitian,  Samuell 
Waldenfield,  John  Field,  Henry  Goldney,  all  living  in 
England,  and  to  my  friends  Samuel  Carpenter,  Richard  Hill, 
Isaac  Norris,  Samuel  Preston,  and  James  Logan,  living  in 
Penflilvania,  all  my  estate  on  this  trust  to  convey  10,000 
acres  to  the  three  children  of  my  son  William — ,Maria 
Sprungett,  and  William,  and  to  my  daughter  Aubry  10,000 
acres.  The  rest  among  my  children  by  my  present  wife. 
Executrix:  Wife  Hannah.  Witnesses:  Sarah  West,  Su- 
sanna Beading,  Thos.  Pyle,  Robt.  Lomax,  Robt  West. 
This  will  I  made  when  ill  of  a  fever  at  London  with  a  clear 
understanding  of  what  I  did  then,  but  because  of  some  un- 
worthy expressions  belying  God's  goodness  to  me  as  if  I 
knew  not  what  I  did,  I  do  now,  that  I  am  recovered  through 
God's  goodness,  hereby  declare  it  is  my  last  will  and  testa- 
ment at  Ruscome,  in  Berkshire,  this  27"*  of  y*  3m.  called 
May,  1712.  William  Penn.  Witnesses  present :  Elizabeth 
Penn,  Thos.  Pyle,  Thomas  Penn,  Elizabeth  Anderson,  Mary 


Pennsylvania  Gleanings  iii  England.  81 

Chandler,  Jonah  Dee,  Mary  Dee.  Postscript  in  my  own 
hand  as  a  farther  testimony  of  my  love  to  my  Dr.  wife,  I  of 
my  own  mind  give  unto  her  out  of  the  rents  of  America, 
viz.  Pensilvania,  etc.,  three  hundred  pounds  a  year  for  her 
natural  life  and  for  her  care  and  charge  over  my  children  in 
their  education  of,  she  knows  my  minde  as  also  that  I  desire 
they  may  settle  at  least  in  great  part  in  America  where  I 
leave  them  so  good  an  Interest  to  be  for  their  Inheritance 
from  generation  to  generation  wch  ye  Lord  preserve 
and  prosper.  Amen.  Wm.  Penn.  3.  November  1718. 
oath  of  Simon  Clements  of  St.  Margt,  Westminster  counnty, 
Middlesex,  Esqr  and  John  Page,  of  George  Yard  in  the 
parish  of  St.  Edmund  the  King,  London,  gent,  to  above 
Postscript.  Proved  by  Hannah  Penn,  2nd.  Grant  16 
February  1726/7.  to  John  Penn,  son  and  administrator  of 
goods  of  Hannah  Penn.  Tenison^  S21. 

Thomas  Callowhill  of  City  of  Bristol,  Linnen  Draper. 
Will  28  November  1711 :  proved  24  December  1712.  Lease 
for  1000  years  granted  to  me  by  Edward  Baugh,  White 
drawer ;  since  deceased  in  St.  James,  Bristol.  Lease  for 
1000  years  granted  me  by  Edward  Baugh  Junr.  of  two 
houses  in  same  Parish,  also  a  lease  for  1000  years  granted 
me  by  daughter  Hanna  towards  the  south  side  of  the 
Quakers  meeting  house,  in  a  place  called  the  Fryers,  now 
in  occupation  of  Simon  Barnes,  Daniell  Kindall,  and  Wil- 
liam Timbrell,  upon  trust  to  my  Kinsman  Brice  Webb  ot 
Bristol,  Linnen  Draper,  and  Charles  Harford  of  Bristol, 
merchant,  for  my  wife  Hanna  and  then  to  granddaughter 
Margaret  Penn,  daughter  of  my  daughter  Hanna  Penn  by 
her  husband  William  Penn  Esqre,  and  at  her  decease  to  her 
Brother  John  Penn.  I  Ratify  the  agreement  made  between 
me  of  the  one  part  and  Brice  Webb  and  Charles  Harford 
and  Richard  Champion,  Merchant  ot  the  other  part,  con- 
veying to  them  my  property  in  Bristol,  Somersetshire,  Eng- 
land, and  Pensilvania,  or  elsewhere.  To  my  granddaughter 
Margaret  Penn  and  her  heirs  ot  Body  4  houses  in  Broad 

VOL.  XXX. — 6 


82  Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  England. 

Meade  in  tenure  of  Bichard  Hooper,  John  Bide,  and  Ed- 
ward Cullmore,  my  interest  in  Pensilvania,  security  for 
£1000  to  William  Penn,  Lands  in  Caldecott,  county  Mon, 
security  on  £100  to  Mary  Herbert,  spinster,  sole  heir  of 
Francis  Herbert  Esqr.  a  lease  granted  by  Samuel  Price  and 
others  of  the  Society  of  Merchants,  houses  in  Hotwell,  Clif- 
ton parish,  county  Gloucester.  Brass  works  in  partnership 
with  James  Peters,  Jeoffrey  Pinnell  and  others  in  Terren, 
county  Salop,  Copperworks,  same  partners,  in  Colebrooke 
Dale,  county  Salop,  also  Packett  Boats  tradding  from  Bris- 
tol to  New  York  and  other  parts  of  America  in  partnership 
with  Brice  Webb,  Richard  Champion,  and  others.  These 
interests  to  Brice  Webb  and  James  Peters,  in  trust  for  my 
daughter  Hanna,  wife  of  William  Penn,  and  on  farther  trust 
to  pay  to  William  Penn  her  husband  £26  per  annum ;  also 
a  debt  of  £800  due  to  them  (the  trustees)  the  overplus  to 
John  and  Thomas  Penn,  their  sons.  My  Brother  Walter 
Duffield  to  pay  $25  only  of  the  money  he  owes  me.  My 
sister  Elizabeth  Javeling  to  pay  the  money  she  owes  me. 
To  my  neices  Elizabeth  Javelin,  Duffrell  Javelin,  Sara  Qur- 
ney,  and  Mary  Qurney  one  piece  of  gold  value  28s.  6d.  each. 
To  Elizabeth  Weekes  my  late  servant  one  piece  of  gold.  To 
my  tenant  Simon  Barnes  10s.  To  my  ancient  friend  (leorge 
Whitehead  of  London,  and  to  Benjamin  Coole,Paul  Moon, 
and  John  Pope  my  friends  in  Bristoll,  2  pieces  of  gold  each. 
To  the  poor  of  the  parish  where  I  dwell  £5,  to  be  given  into 
the  hands  of  Charles  Weeks,  Gkirdiner.  To  bind  apprentice 
any  son  of  a  poor  Friend  £10.  Residuary  Legatee  and  Ex- 
ecutrix: Wife  Hanna.  Overseers:  Brice  Webb,  Charles 
Harford.  Witnesses:  Nicholas  Taylor,  Ben.  Bisse,  Jon. 
Gregory.  Barnes^  231. 

Thomas  Penrose  of  Bedmiuster,  County  Somerset,  Ship- 
wright Will  17  March  1721  /2 ;  proved  27  June  1722.  To 
my  wife  Elizabeth  Penrose  my  manor  of  Moreton,  county 
Somerset,  in  parish  of  Compton  Martin,  also  lands  at  Rudge- 
hill,  parish   of  Winford,   county  Somerset,  in   tenure  of 


Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  England.  88 

George  Brock,  also  a  tenement  called  Pages  in  tenure  of 
John  Jacob  and  John  Bullock,  also  lands  purchased  from 
Thomas  Goldney  and  Richard  Hawkesworth,  merchants, 
also  ditto  from  Anthony  Hodges  and  George  Camplyn,  late 
in  tenure  of  John  Edington,  all  which  are  in  the  parish  of 
Engston  Seymour,  county  Somerset,  lands  in  parish  of 
Clevedon  in  tenure  of  John  Ashwood,  also  the  White  Hart 
in  Clifton  in  tenure  of  Edward  Edwards,  to  my  said  wife 
for  life,  subject  to  payment  of  £40  yearly  to  my  son  Romney 
Penrose  and  his  heirs,  in  default  of  such  issue,  to  my 
daughters  Elizabeth,  now  wife  of  Edward  Lowe,  and  Anne 
Penrose.  After  wifes  decease,  my  Manor  to  my  son  Rom- 
ney. The  Farm  bought  of  Thomas  Goldney  to  my  daughter 
Anne.  To  my  wife  a  Silver  Tankard  engraved  with  the 
Name  of  the  Craufield  Frigott  To  my  son  Thomaa  Penrose 
my  house  in  Bedminster,  also  a  silver  tankard  marked 

{N.B.  I  Guardianship  and  education  of  my  daughter 
T.P.  J  Anne  to  my  wife  Elizabeth.  To  my  brother 
James  Penrose  £10.  To  the  heirs  of  my  late  Brother  Bar- 
tholomew Penrose  lately  Residing  in  Pennsylvania  all  money 
he  owed  me  and  to  his  children  £5.  Residuary  Legatee 
and  executrix:  Wife  Elizabeth.  Overseers:  Christopher 
Shuter  Esq.  late  Mayor  of  Bristol,  and  John  Etwell  of 
Bristol,  Doctor  and  Captaine  Edmund  Saunderson  and  Mr. 
Richard  Battiscombe.  I  confirm  a  contract  entered  into 
with  Robert  Knight  Esquire,  lately  treasurer  or  Cashier  of 
South  Sea  Company  for  sale  of  my  manor  of  Morton  for 
£7800,  of  which  £1000  to  be  fulfilled  by  his  heirs,  assignees 
or  administrators.  Witnesses:  Tho.  Coules,  Sidm.  Feast, 
lien.  Bampton.  Marlboroughj  1S6. 

Thomas  Mason  of  Cecill  County,  Maryland,  merchant. 
Will  4  November  1731:  proved  Philadelphia  13  March 
1731 ;  proved  in  Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury  6  June 
1732.  Only  son  and  heir  at  law  of  John  Mason,  late  of 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  Taylor.  To  William  Carter  ot 
Philadelphia  £15  current  money  of  America.     To  my  ex- 


84  Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  England. 

ecutor  John  Copron  of  Philadelphia  £20  sterling.  To  my 
sister  Mary  all  my  estate  Real  and  Personal  including  £150 
Sterling  bequeathed  to  me  by  Amy  Lee  of  Eaton  near 
Windsor  in  that  part  of  Great  Britain  called  England.  Ex- 
ecutor: John  Copron.  Witnesses:  Owen  Owen,  John 
Jones,  Francis  Sherrard.  Bedfordj  171. 

John  Hackett.  Will  27  March,  1721;  proved  25  Feb- 
ruary 1 730/1.  In  case  I  dye  this  voyage,  I  give  and  bequeath 
to  Sister  Mary  Bolter  £5.  To  Brother  Thomaa  Bolter  £5.  To 
Brother  Thomas  Hackett  £5,  and  what  remains  of  my  estate 
I  give  and  bequeath  to  my  father  John  Hackett  of  the  City 
Worcester.  In  witness  whereof  I  subscribe  my  name  and 
Sett  my  seal  this  27***  day  of  March  1721.  John  Hackett. 
Witness:  Lydia  Pocock,  Elizabeth  Allibon.  Proved  by 
Thomas  Hackett  Brother  of  sidd  John  Hackett  deceased  in 
Pennsylvania  in  America.  Isham^  S7. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Letter  of  Edward  Shippen  of  Lancaster^  1764,.  86 


LETTER  OP  EDWARD  SHIPPEN  OP  LANCASTER, 

1754. 

[The  following  interesting  and  affectionate  letter  of  Edward  Shippen,  of 
Lancaster,  to  his  son  Edward,  later  the  Chief  Justice  of  Pennsylvania, 
was  presented  to  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  by  Col.  Wil- 
liam Brooke  Rawle.  On  the  back  is  endorsed  :  "  Copy — my  letter  to  my 
son  Edward  Shippen,  March  20,  1754,"  and  it  is  the  letter,  which  the 
text  states,  **  I  have  a  copy  in  my  own  handwriting,  which  I  shall  keep 
secret  and  very  safe."] 

Lakcasteb,  20th  March,  1754. 
My  Dear  Son  : — 

I  now  send  you  by  Doctor  Boude  a  Deed  to  Mr.  Joseph 
Marriotte  for  one  Acre  &  12  Perches  of  Land :  Receive  the 
money  being  forty  Pounds;  and  as  I  have  promised  to 
Joseph  to  make  up  his  £133.6.8  Legacy,  send  him  up  a 
Receipt  for  said  forty  Pounds  and  when  that  comes  to  hand, 
he  shall  give  me  one  for  the  same.  I  expect  soon  to  be  able 
to  raise  the  remiunder. 

I  also  send  you  John  Denton's  Deed :  You  will  see  that 
Doctor  Boude  is  a  witness  to  both  of  them :  Let  him  prove 
them  on  sight  for  his  stay  is  to  be  but  one  Day  in  the  City. 
The  widow  Price  the  other  Witness  will  be  there  in  a  weeks 
time :  She  is  Mr.  Hesselius  Daughter  and  lives  with  her 
Father.  Doctor  Graeme  will  owe  me  £25.  or  near  it  on  the 
first  day  of  June :  dont  call  for  that  money  yet — ^I  design 
it  all  for  Mr.  Nevitte  who  is  making  my  Stair  Case ;  Pay 
him  five  Pounds  to  encourage  him  to  go  on  briskly  and  if 
you  are  scant  of  money  you  may  give  him  an  Order  on  the 
Doctor  for  so  much. 

Send  Sammy  for  W"*  Gerrard  who  leased  my  Orchard  and 
ask  him  for  Six  or  eight  Pounds :  I  have  an  Acco*  to  settle 
with  him,  and  he  will  fall  more  than  that  in  my  Debt:  he 
and  his  son  William  bought  two  or  three  Loads  of  my 
Household  Goods  up  here  k  I  paid  him  £8  or  £4.  at  one 


86  Letter  of  Edward  Shippen  of  Lancaster,  176 i. 

time  k  I  sent  him  10  Pounds  by  the  Post :  William  Qer- 
rard  mowed  my  Six  Acres  Meadow  last  year  for  his  own 
use,  but  I  made  no  price  with  him;  he  waa  to  pay  ad 
valorem ;  he  and  I  never  disagree  on  Settlements.  I  would 
sell  that  Meadow,  because  I  want  to  raise  Money  to  pay  to 
Mr.  Storke's  Administrators  near  £300.  SterK  I  always 
asked  £42.10.  p.  Acre  for  it,  but  on  this  occasion  I 
would  take  £40.  p.  Acre.  What  did  my  Bro'  Joseph  meadow 
(a  quarter  of  a  mile  further  oS  than  mine)  fetch  at  Vendue  ? 
and  also  his  Orchard  of  8  Acres  ?  If  you  cant  sell  my  said 
Meadow  then  you  may  let  some  Body  cut  the  first  Crop  of 
Grass  for  £5.  or  £6.  which  they  must  be  obliged  to  carry 
off  as  soon  as  the  Hay  is  fit  &  leave  the  Meadow  to  myself: 
I  wish  Mr  Marriote  would  take  the  first  Crop ;  I  would  let 
him  have  it  almost  at  his  own  price,  my  views  in  this,  is  in 
hopes,'  that  when  once  he  has  experienced  that  Sort  of 
Grass,  he  may  become  my  Chapman. 

My  son  Jo.  &  myself  rise  every  morning  at  about  Sun  ris- 
ing, having  prepared  over  night,  some  dry  hickory  for  a 
good  fire-^we  then  sit  close  to  our  Business  till  9  o  clock 
and  we  find  that  we  can  do  more  by  that  time  than  in  all 
the  rest  of  the  Day,  afi  we  are  afterwards,  often  interrupted 
in  our  necessary  affairs ;  neither  do  we  receive  Visits,  nor 
return  any  until  it  is  near  Sun  sett,  and  we  eat  so  moder- 
ately, without  tasting  a  drop  of  Strong  Liquour ;  that  the 
whole  day  seems  like  a  long  morning  to  us :  And  if  a  best 
friend  should  happen  to  come  to  saunter  away  an  hour  or 
two  with  us,  we  make  it  a  fixt  Rule  plainly  to  tell  him,  that 
we  are  engaged,  that  we  cannot  possibly  wait  upon  him : 
And  then  that  we  may  be  sufficiently  refreshed  with  Sleep, 
we  have  agreed  upon  ten  o  clock  at  night  for  going  to  Bed, 
and  so  after  eating  a  light  supper  and  drinking  a  little  Wine 
we  lay  ourselves  down  with  light  Stomachs,  cool  Heads  and 
quiet  Consciences. 

Now  this  Practice  I  most  affectionately  recommend  to 
you.  Tour  promotion  and  happiness  in  this  vexatious 
World  will  depend  principally  upon  your  own  Conduct ;  and 


Letter  of  Edward  SMppen  of  Lancaster j  1754,.  87 

the  more  the  World  precieves  you  are  able  to  do  for  your- 
self, the  more  ready  it  will  be  to  offer  you  its  best  Services. 
It  is  too  common  a  thing  for  Young  Men  when  they  first 
appear  upon  the  Stage  of  Action  to  aim  at  grandeur,  and 
Politeness ;  they  delight  to  see  their  Friends  (often  falsely 
so  called)  frequently  at  their  Houses  k  to  entertain  them 
in  a  genteel  Manner;  they  are  pleased  with  this,  and  the 
acquaintance  to  dine  with  them,  k  then  aft^erwards  to  sit 
at  table  two  or  three  Hours  tipling  of  Wine  and  Punch, 
which  rendering  the  Company  unfit  for  any  business ;  a  walk 
to  the  bowling  Green,  or  to  the  Billiard  Table  is  proposed 
and  as  soon  Consented  to,  and  on  their  return  from  thence 
in  the  evening  instead  of  being  Calm  and  Cool,  and  having 
the  pleasure  of  reflecting  upon  a  well  spent  day,  either  for 
the  advantage  of  their  Family  or  the  Publick  or  both,  they 
are  become  so  stupid  that  they  don't  know  what  else  to  do 
with  themselves,  but  either  to  go  to  Tavern  or  to  one  or 
other  of  their  own  Houses,  to  drink  away  care  till  the  Clock 
strikes  twelve,  k  then  being  quite  Devil  k  quite  Beast,  they 
stagger  away  home,  to  Snore,  Spue,  and  Groan,  by  the  sides 
of  their  poor  innocent  young  Wives,  who  deserve  ten  Thou- 
sand better  things  at  their  hands ;  and  all  this,  afi;er  the  poor 
things  have  been  moping  at  home  &  bemoaning  themselves 
at  hard  fate  and  crying  out  a  hundred  times  in  an  evening — 
Well !  if  these  be  the  Pleasures  of  Matrimony,  would  to  God 
we  had  remained  under  our  Parents  Booft  to  this  Day;  or 
if  sometimes  they  are  obliged  to  go  abroad  for  Company, 
does  that  afibrd  them  any  real  Comfort  ?  No,  far  from  it,  or 
if  it  did  help  to  pass  away  the  time  now  and  then,  is  that 
any  excuse  for  such  unkind  conduct  in  Husbands.  But  to 
return,  I  say  when  they  have  wallowed  in  their  Beds  till 
about  eleven  o'clock  next  morning,  then  they  raise  their  un- 
clean Bodys  in  order  to  Act  the  same  part  over  again.  And 
can  any  rational  Creature  answer  such  a  Behaviour  to  God, 
his  Wife  &  family  or  even  to  himself?  And  besides  will 
not  the  practice  of  these  things  bring  a  Man  into  Contempt, 
k  soon  reduce  him  to  Penury  and  Want,  by  destroying  his 


88  Letter  of  Edward  Sfuppen  of  Lancaster ,  1764,. 

Constitution,  and  of  course  his  Capacity  for  his  Employment 
Your  married  men  shou'd  be  very  dilligent,  frugal  &  careful, 
that  they  may  not  only  be  able  always  to  support  a  wife  &  a 
housefall  of  Children,  but  also  lay  up  a  hundred  or  two 
pounds  for  every  one  of  them  when  they  go  out  into  the 
Wide  World.  Young  folks  ought  never  to  begin  where  their 
Industrious  Saving  Parents  left  off.  I  have  almost  gone 
through  the  World  k  have  gained  a  little  experience  by 
my  own  mistakes  and  Blunders,  having  had  no  Friends  to 
advise  me  as  you  and  your  Brother  and  Sister  have,  and 
therefore  I  hope  you  will  all  three  of  you  be  always  ready 
and  willing  to  obey  my  Instructions.  You  are  not  able  to 
conceive  without  great  Consideration,  the  unspeakable  ad- 
vantage of  having  such  a  Bosom  friend,  that  always  has  k 
always  will,  make  your  happiness  his  Study;  and  whilst 
others  will  behave  and  speak  to  you  as  suits  their  Interest, 
he  will  never  tell  you  anything  but  the  Truth.  But  then 
Consider,  as  valuable  as  this  Priviledge  is,  you  are  soon  to  ex- 
pect to  be  deprived  of  it,  for  according  to  Course  of  Nature 
I  cannot  stay  long  here ;  nor  do  I,  I  assure  you  expect  to 
live  anything  like  the  age  of  a  Man,  but  we  must  all  wiut 
till  our  Change  come,  and  if  I  was  sure  it  was  very  near  at 
hand  I  hope  it  would  not  be  grievous,  but  Joyous,  and  as  I 
am  sure  I  must  then  hold  up  my  Hand  at  the  Bar  of  God  I 
am  resolved  by  Divine  Assistance  to  work  out  my  Salvation 
with  fear  and  trembling — ^But  I  have  made  a  Digression. 

I  am  not  able  to  express  the  great  anxiety  I  have  had  to 
support  and  educate  my  fiemiily  and  so  I  say  no  more  on  that 
head. 

Avoid  what  the  world  calls  pleasure.  Pleasure  is  only 
for  crowned  Heads  and  other  great  men  who  have  their 
Incomes  sleeping  and  waking,  but  young  men  who  are  just 
beginning  the  world  ought  to  shudder  at  the  thoughts  of 
the  Consequence  of  spending  their  youthful  Days  in  Idle- 
ness; neither  would  I  refuse  young  People  some  innocent 
Diversions,  provided  they  are  well  timed  and  not  too  often. 
K  you  would  seek  pleasure,  you  will  find  it  in  temperance 


Letter  of  Edward  Shippen  of  Lancaster ^  1764,.  89 

and  Sobriety,  Charity  and  Virtue  and  in  the  Dilligent  k 
Honest  pursuit  of  your  concerns.  Will  it  not  yield  a  Man 
great  Pleasure  in  the  Evening,  to  think  that  he  has  been 
closely  employ'd  all  day  for  the  support  of  the  friend  of  his 
Bosom,  and  his  little  Babies  all  hovering  about  him  ?  And 
how  sweet  and  refreshing  is  it  for  a  man  and  his  wife  often 
to  spend  their  evenings  together  at  home  without  any 
other  company  ?  And  for  my  part  rather  than  be  deprived 
by  my  very  best  friends  of  such  a  pleasure  sometimes,  I 
should  chuse  to  retire  into  our  Chamber  privately  that 
even  our  own  Servants  should  not  know  where  to  find  us 
out.  But  I  have  not  done  with  the  Scheme  for  the 
husbanding  of  our  precious  time,  and  for  guarding  our- 
selves against  intemperance.  Gk)  to  your  Cousin  Allen, 
oppulent  as  he  is,  &  you  will  find  him  up  early  k  busily 
employ'd  until  Coffee  house  hours,  and  when  he  invites 
any  number  of  Gentlemen  to  dinner,  which  he  can  well 
afford,  he  soon  desires  the  favour  of  being  excused  from 
drinking,  and  this  without  Blushing.  Visit  Mr.  Francis, 
Mr.  Turner,  Mr.  Willing  and  other  temperate.  Industrious 
Gentlemen,  I  mean  in  the  Daytime,  and  you  will  presently 
see  by  their  Countenances  that  they  had  rather  have  your 
Room  than  your  Company. 

If  Mr.  Burd  had  taken  my  advice,  I  wont  presume  to 
say,  he  should  have  had  success,  but  then  if  he  had  failed 
in  the  world,  I  believe  he  would  not  have  been  in  Debt,  k 
then  not  have  brought  an  intoUerable  burthen  upon  my 
shoulders. 

I  desire  that  you  will  never  go  a  fishing  to  the  Capes  or 
any  other  dangerous  place,  nor  that  you  will  keep  Com- 
pany with  such  and  such  any  more ;  I  say  I  beseech  you 
speedily  to  break  off  that  ruinous  sett  of  Companions. 

Remember,  if  a  man  should  spend  3/  in  Liquor  neces- 
sarily or  otherwise  in  his  own  House  every  Day,  and  3/6  at 
Club  every  night,  and  £3.  a  year  at  the  Assembly,  and  £4. 
p.  ann.  for  the  Concert,  it  will  require  £125.  12.  6.  to  sup- 
port such  Proceedings.     And  Remember,  that  if  a  Man  rises 


90  Letter  of  Edward  Shippen  of  Lancaster^  176 i. 

at  ten  k  sits  at  Tea  Table  till  eleven,  dines  at  one,  k  sits  at 
Table  till  three,  goes  to  the  Coflfee  House,  where  he  ought 
by  all  means  to  go  at  four,  which  ends  the  Day ;  I  say,  if  a 
man  makes  use  of  that  practice.  Then  he  will  only  have 
three  Hours  a  Day  to  do  his  Business  in  k  no  time  at  all 
for  improvement  in  his  studys. 

This  Letter  I  write,  God  knows  my  heart,  in  pure  Love 
and  Affection  for  your  Instruction,  as  far  as  you  may  stand 
in  Need  of  it,  and  I  desire  you  will  lock  it  up  in  your 
Drawer  for  my  Sake.  I  have  copy  in  my  own  hand 
writing  which  I  shall  keep  a  Secret  k  very  safe.  Con- 
sider— Consider  it  k  May  God  bless  and  preserve' you  for 
Jesus  Christ  his  sake. 

I  am  Dear  Son 
Your  most  affectionate  Father 
Edw.  Shippen. 


Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Battalion^  1776.      91 


OEDERLY     BOOK,    FOURTH    PENNSYLVANIA    BAT- 
TALION,  COL.  ANTHONY   WAYNE,  1776. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  xxix,  p.  478.) 

Headquabtebs  New  York  April  6— -1776. 
Morning  Orders. 
Parole — New  York.  Countersign — New  Jersey. 

A  Cap*  Comp^  from  general  Heaths  Brigade  properly 
officered  to  March  tomorrow  to  Horns  Hook  and  Relieve 
the  two  Regts.  of  Minute  men  now  on  that  Station.  Capt. 
Badlim  is  immediately  to  examine  the  Fort  of  Horns 
Hook  and  make  a  return  of  what  artillery  and  ammunition 
is  Wanting  for  that  Fortress,  and  to  order  the  Two  Field 
Pieces  now  there  into  the  City. 

He  is  to  apply  to  Mr.  Abraham  Leviston  for  Two  Brass 
Field  Pieces.  No  soldier  in  the  standing  army  is  permitted 
to  hire  another  man  to  take  his  place  without  First  ob- 
taining leave  of  the  commanding  officer  of  the  Regt.  nor  is 
the  Col.  to  give  leave  unless  the  man  applying  is  an  Invalid 
and  can  get  an  able  Bodied  man  in  his  room. 

Head  Quarters  April  7  1776. 
New  York. 

Parole —  Washington .  Countersign — Boston. 

As  a  number  of  Troops  have  Drawn  a  number  of  Cart- 
rages  From  the  Publick  Stores,  the  General  thinks  it  Nesses- 
ary  to  acquaint  them  of  the  Rule  established  by  his  Excel- 


92      Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Battaliony  1776. 


lency  General  Washington  in  General  orders  of  the  17"*  of 
Feb^  that  the  Col.  or  Com*  officers  of  each  Regm*  to  give 
his  receipt  to  the  Commissary  to  account  for  all  Cartrages 
for  his  Reg*,  he  to  take  Rec*  from  each  Cap'  for  the  Total 
Quantity  of  each  Comp^  and  the  Cap"  to  do  the  like  with 
each  of  their  men.  Who  are  to  account  satisfistction  by  for 
every  load  they  have  Passed  their  Receit  For,  or  pay  4*  law- 
ful money  (equal  6  coppers)  for  each  Destroyed  one  the 
Col.  or  comman*'  officer  of  each  Regm*  are  to  take  special 
Care  that  this  order"  is  strictly  Complyed  with.  That  those 
Find  are  charged  without  fail  to  the  Delinquent  Soldier 
without  and  credit  given  for  them  in  making  out  the  Pay 
abstract  This  Order  is  to  be  Read  to  and  Impressed  upon 
the  minds  ol  every  man  by  their  officer. 

All  Cartridges  and  Flints  Delivered  to  the  Minute  Men 
and  Militia  are  to  be  charged  to  the  Reg*  that  receives  it, 
that  it  may  be  Redelivered  or  Paid  for  when  Dismissed. 

This  the  Commissary  of  stores  is  to  Give  Especial  atten- 
tion to  without  Further  Direction  on  this  Head. 

The  Reg**  are  to  be  Briggaded  as  the  Following  manner 
till  Further  Orders : 


General  Heath 

Col.  Stark 
"     Patterson 
"     Greaton 
"     Bond 
''     Sillyman 
"     Doughty 


General  Thompson 
Col.  Hand 

"     Webb 

"     Talcott 

"     Ward 


Lord  Sterling 
Col.  McDuggal 
"    Wayne 
"     Ritzman 
"     Swartmout 
"     Wayne 
"     Martin 
The  Brigadier  General  will  Immediately  assign  to  each 
Reg*  his  Alarm  Post     The  Field  Officer  of  the  Day  to- 
morrow is  Col.  Greaton  and  the  adjnt. 


Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  BattaUon,  1776.     98 

Head  Quabtebs  New  York  April  8 — 1776. 

Morning  Orders. 

Parole — Phenix.         Countersign — Asia. 

The  General  acquaints  the  Adjutants  that  he  has  given 
Positive  Orders  to  the  Majors  of  Brigade  to  confine  all,  and 
every  Adjutant,  that  are  not  Particular  in  Bringing  on  their 
Gaurds,  and  Fatagues  Precisely  at  the  appointed  Hour. 

Head  Quarters  New  York  Aprill  9.  1776. 
Parole — Neio  London^         Countersign — Hopkins. 

The  Field  Officer  for  the  Day  tomorrow  is  Col  Wine 
and  his  adjutant.  The  Party  this  day  went  to  Governors 
Island  must  send  for  Provisions  and  as  they  will  not  be  Re- 
lieved tomorrow  morning  the  Ferry  boats  Plying  between 
New  York  Powless  Hook  k  Long  Island  are  to  pass  unmo- 
lested. From  their  usual  places. 

Lieutenant  Nathan  Whitburry  of  Col.  Webbs  Regm*. 
Tryed  at  a  General  Court  Marshall  Whereof  Col.  Stark  was 
President  For  behaving  in  a  scandalous  Infamous  Manner 
such  as  is  unbecomeing  the  Caracter  of  an  Officer  and  a 
Gentlemen. 

The  Prisoner  Pleading  Guilty  the  Court  are  of  unani- 
mously of  opinion  the  Prisoner  be  Discharged  from  the 
Continental  Army. 

The  General  aproves  of  the  Sentence  and  orders  it  to 
Take  Place  Immediately  and  the  Prisoner  to  Leave  the 
camp  Immediately  by  Way  of  King's  Bridge. 

Brigadeer  Major  Handly  haveing  lost  a  Pistol  Brass- 
banded  and  Mounted  with  the  same  Whosoever  shall  return 
it  to  General  Heath  shall  have  a  hansome  Reward  and  no 
Questions  asked. 

The  Fatauge  Party  to  Parade  at  6  o'clock  To-morrow 
Morning  to  Relieve  those  on  Governors  Island  If  there  is 
any  Good  Gardners  in  the  Regiments  the  General  orders 
the  Officers  to  send  them  to  Head  Quarters  to-morrow 
morning  at  nine  o'clock. 

All  Prisoners  to  be  Tryed  by  a  General  Court  Martial 


94      Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Battalion^  1776. 

are  to  be  confined  at  the  Main  Gaurd  and  no  others  Each 
Regiment  is  to  appoint  a  Regimental  Court  Martial  to  Try 
all  prisoners  Whose  crimes  can  come  under  that  Head.  The 
Officers  of  the  several  Guards  are  to  be  Punctual  in  makeing 
their  Returns  to  the  Main  Guard  every  morning  as  soon  as 
they  are  Relieved  and  he  Immediately  to  make  his  Report 
to  the  Officer  of  the  Day. 

Orders  For  the  Detachment  of  the  Fourth  BatC^.  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Regiment  camp  at  Cadwdls^  near  Neio  York  Aprill 
12.  1776. 

The  Commanding  Officer  most  Earnestly  demands  and 
Requires  of  all  the  Officers,  that  they  be  exceeding  Diligent 
and  strict  in  preventing  all  Invasion  of  Privat  Property, 
near  this  Camp,  or  Elsewhere,  He  hopes  and  Indeed  Flat- 
ters himself,  that  every  Privat  Soldier,  will  abhor  and  De- 
test, such  a  Practice  as  Cutting  down  trees  or  Fences.  He 
dont  mean  the  Pine  Trees  on  or  near  the  shore  as  the  Pines 
are  fit  for  no  service. 

Officer  For  the  day  Tomorrow  is  Leutenant  Christy. 

Order  For  the  Detachment  of  tlie  Fourth  Battn.  of  Pa.  Iroops; 

Camp  at  CadweHs\  on  Long  Islandj  Near  New  York,  April 

IS.  1776. 

That  For  the  Future  no  Drum  Beating  Fifeing  or  Fife 
Playing  in  the  House  where  the  Officers  are  Quartered  to 
Prevent  Disturbance  to  the  Land  Lord  or  his  Family. 

Its  Recomended  to  the  Soldiers  that  they  should  make 
Small  Ditches  Round  their  Tents  to  Prevent  the  Water 
from  comeing  into  the  Tents.  Cleanlyness  and  Dress  is  the 
only  thing  that  keep  the  soldiers  in  Health.  The  Major 
Recomend  to  the  Officers  that  they  be  very  exact  in  Keep- 
ing their  men  clean  in  Particular  when  the  Weekly  Officer 
Bring  their  men  on  the  Parade. 

The  Weekly  Officer  will  see  that  the  men  at  Roll  calling 
in  the  Morning  have  their  Hair  Tyed — Hands  and  Face 
Washed  k  in  every  respect  appear  in  a  Solderly  Manner. 


Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  BaMalum^  1776.      95 
Camp  Cadwell,  L.  Island  Near  N.  York  April  14-1776. 

Parole — New  York     Counter  Sign — Prosperity. 

Head  Quarters,  New  York,  April  15-1776. 

Parole — Philadelphia^      Countersign — Putnam 

Head  Quarters,  April  16  1776. 

Parole — New  Hampshire^      Countersign — Falmouth 

Head  Quarters  April  17  1776. 

Parole —  Countersign — 

Orders  for  the  Detachment  of  the  Fourth  Batt'  of  Penn- 
sylvania Regt 

For  the  Future  the  Companies  to  be  under  arms  at 
6  o  clock  Precisely  and  Exercise  until  8. 

When  the  men  then  Have  Time  to  get  their  Breakfast 
till  9  o  clock.  At  nine  oclock  the  Qaurd  are  to  mount  and 
all  Working  Parties  that  shall  be  ordered.  To  Parade  at 
the  same  Time. 

All  officers  Waiters  are  to  be  under  arms  with  their  com- 
panies every  afternoon  at  Two  Oclock. 

As  there  are  some  sick  soldier  Lying  in  Camp  who  will 
gett  Worse  the  Doctor  Recomended  that  there  should  be  a 
House  Found  for  them  that  are  real  sick. 

The  Major  orders  that  one  Eoom  in  the  house  where  the 
drummer  Davis  lives  should  be  prepared  for  the  sick  Im- 
mediately. 

Ensign  Barlett  is  requested  to  see  the  Place  where  the 
sick  are  to  lye  in  put  in  order,  and  provide  a  nurse  for  the 
same  immediately.  It  is  once  more  Recomended  to  the 
Weekly  officers  and  Seqents  that  they  see  that  their  men 
do  not  Waste  their  provisions  nor  devide  them  after  they 
receive  them  for  their  Messes.  The  major  took  notice  that 
some  men  when  they  receive  their  provisions  took  and  cut 
peices  from  their  meat  and  put  them  on  sticks  to  broil  them 


96      Orderly  Booh  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Battalion^  1776. 

on  the  fire  and  if  they  do  this  they  will  certainly  not  have 
provision  enough,  but  will  always  be  some  that  will  suffer 
with  hunger. 

The  provision  must  be  kept  and  cooked  together  and  the 
men  who  are  in  messes  must  eat  together  and  no  division  to 
be  made  except  for  those  on  Guard,  which  their  comrades 
are  to  bring  them  their  Provision  when  cooked. 

The  Provisions  must  be  divided  for  every  day  what  they 
will  cook  as  allso  the  Bread. 

Any  Serjent  or  Corporal  that  leaves  his  Guard  before  he 
is  relieved  shall  be  confined  and  broke  as  a  non  commis- 
sioned Officer  and  If  a  soldier  leave  his  guard  without  leave 
the  Officer  of  the  guard  shall  be  confined  and  tried  by 
a  Court  Martial  and  punished  accordingly. 

Hbad  Quabters  New  York  April  18-1776. 
Parole — Bode  Island.     Countersign — Hopkins 

The  Hon.  the  Continental  Congress  have  been  pleased 
to  direct  the  Thanks  of  the  United  Colonies  to  be  presented 
to  the  Officers  and  Soldiers  of  their  Army  who  with 
unremitted  courage  and  perseverance  surmounted  every 
effort  of  the  enemy  and  every  obstacle  of  that  severe 
Climate  in  persisting  for  eleven  months  in  the  siege  and 
Blockade  of  Boston  and  finaly  to  force  their  enemies  to 
make  a  shamefiill  and  precipital  retreat  from  that  once 
devoted  Town. 

This  Hon^.  mark  of  the  approbation  of  the  Congress  would 
have  been  inserted  sooner  in  the  general  orders  had  not  their 
express  gone  to  the  Eastward  while  their  army  was  upon 
their  march  and  arrived  only  last  evening  from  Boston. 

One  Sub:  two  sej"  two  corporals  one  Drummer  and 
Twenty  Four  Privits  to  parade  tomorrow  Morning  at  gaurd 
Mounting  as  gaurdsto  the  Provost  Marshal,  the  officer  is  to 
follow  such  orders  k  directions  as  he  shall  Receive  from 
Capt  Maroney. 


Orderly  Booh  Fourth  Pennsylvania  BattaUanj  1776.     97 
Head  Quabtebs  New  York  April  19th  1776. 
Parole — Lexington.     Countersign —  Gardner. 

The  Col.  and  Commanding  officers  of  Corps  are  without 
delay  to  make  up  their  pay  abstracts  agreeable  to  the  order 
of  the  14  Inst,  and  present  the  same  for  an  order  of  Pay- 
ment. Necessary  clothing  Act  must  be  immediately  pro- 
vided for  every  Reg*  and  comp*  and  the  whole  to  be  in 
readyness  for  service  here  or  elsewhere  as  reason  shall 
require — As  no  excuse  will  be  admitted  to  retard  or  prevent 
their  march  or  embarkation  whenever  necessary  to  be  com- 
manded The  muster  rolls  to  be  immediately  prepared  and 
the  muster  master  General  is  to  muster  the  whole  as  soon 
as  possible. 

The  Col.  who  has  rec*  money  for  the  purchase  of  arms 
and  blankitts  are  to  make  their  ace**  of  disbursements  and 
lodge  them  with  the  abstract  that  a  final  settlement  may  be 
made. 

All  persons  serving  in  the  Continental  Army  without 
Commissions  from  the  Congress  are  desired  to  give  in  their 
names  and  employment  in  writing  That  [torn]  of  their 
appointment  &  the  nature  of  their  duty  may  judged  out. 

Migor  Crane  to  take  the  Command  of  the  Continental 
artilery,  All  returns  Com.  to  be  made  to  him.  One  sub: 
one  serj:  1  cor.  and  eighteen  Privates  of  General  Heaths 
Brigade  to  be  sent  as  soon  as  possible  to  Minutes  Island  as 
a  Guard  to  the  smallpox,  Quarter  Master  General  to  provide 
a  boat  and  Commissary  General  to  find  provisions  for  the 
above  guard. 

James  Brittain  of  Cap*.  Drapers  Comp*.  and  Col: 
Bonds  Reg*,  tried  at  a  late  General  Court  Martial  whereof 
Col:  Baldwin  was  President  for  leaving  his  post  when 
sentinel  is  found  guilty  by  the  Court  and  adjudged  to 
receive  twenty  lashes.  The  General  approves  the  sentance 
and  orders  it  to  be  executed  at  such  time  and  place  as  Col: 
Bond  shall  direct 

VOL.  XXX. — 7 


98      Orderly  Booh  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Baitaliojij  1776, 

Brigade  Orders. 

For  fatague  on  Long  Island  the  20  of  April  1776 

60  men  at  Red  Hook  to  assist  the  Carpenters 

50  men  Putnam's  Flank 

30  men  to  digg  for  a  Maggazine  &  make  a  blind  in  the 

Fort 

Webbs.  1  Cap%  1  Sub.   2  Sej.  2  Co.  55  Privates  1  Drm. 

Waynes 1  Sub.  1  Sej.  1  Cor.  30  Priv.  1  Drum. 

Winds 1  Sub.  2  Sej.  2  Cor.  55  P.  1  Fife. 

Col.  Winds 

Head  Quarters  New  York  April  20-1776 
Parole  Hartly  Ckruntersign  Newhaven 

The  General  is  much  surprised  that  notwithstanding  the 
Orders  of  the  14  Instant,  he  is  without  those  returns  he 
then  called  for,  he  agsdn  requests  once  for  all,  that  he  may 
not  in  future  have  occasion  to  issue  two  orders  for  the  same 
purpose- 
Returns  from  every  Captain  are  to  be  made  regularly  at 
orderly  time  every  Saturday. 

James  Henry,  Serg*  Sam^  Smith  and  Sej.  John  M'Kenny, 
Com*  by  Cap*  Hambilton,  tried  at  a  late  general  Court 
Martial,  whereof  Col.  Starks  was  President  for  mutiny  the 
Court  finds  the  prisoners  James  Henry  and  John  M'Kenny 
Guilty  of  the  charge  and  sentence  James  Henry  to  be  re- 
duced to  the  Ranks  and  Mulcted  one  Months  pay  and  John 
M'Kenny  to  be  reduced  a  Matrosa  and  be  imprisoned  a  fort- 
night The  Court  finding  Sam*  Smith  and  Rich*  Taylor 
Guilty  of  disobedience  of  orders  and  sentence  them  to  be 
reprimanded  by  the  Cap*  at  the  head  of  the  Comp^.  The 
General  approves  the  above  proceedings  of  the  Court 
Martial  and  orders  these  Serjeant  James  Henry  John  M'- 
Kenny  as  they  have  not  paid  for  their  clothing  to  be  strip* 
and  be  discharged  from  the  Comp^  The  sentence  of  the 
Court  Martial  upon  Surjent  Smith  and  Rich*  Taylor  to  be 
executed  tomorrow  at  Gaurd  Mounting. 


Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  BattaUoHj  1776.      99 

Laurence  Ferguson  tried  by  the  above  Court  Martial,  for 
striking  Lieut.  Johnston  is  found  guilty  by  the  Court  and 
sentenced  to  receive  20  lashes  on  his  bare  back.  The  Gen- 
eral approves  the  above  sentences  and  orders  the  execution 
of  it  tomorrow  morning  at  gaurd  mounting. 

Brigade  Orders. 

Fatague  the  same  as  before 

1  Sub.  1  Serj.  1  Cor.  30  priv.  1  Drum. 

Headquarters  New  York  April  21-1776 
Parole  Bockingham         Countersign  Newhaven. 

Orders  for  detatchment  of  the  Fourth  Batt  of  Pennsyl- 
vania,  now  in  Camp  at  Long  Island  April  21.  1776. 

For  the  future  there  must  be  a  Cap*  for  the  day  and  to  be 
relieved  every  Morning  at  9  oclock.  He  is  to  receive 
every  morning  a  return  of  the  Weekly  Officer  of  every 
Company  and  to  see  the  Companies  turn  out  for  exercise 
according  to  the  return.  As  the  detatchment  consists  of 
most  all  young  men  the  Cap*  must  be  very  exact — Seeing  the 
Weekly  officers  that  they  bring  their  men  on  the  parade 
every  day  three  times  and  not  to  allow  any  of  those  young 
men  to  be  absent  on  pretince  of  sickness. 

The  companies  are  to  turn  out  every  Morning  at  5  oclock 
to  exercise  At  9  oclock  when  the  Gaurds  Mount  and  then 
to  examine  the  Men  that  they  have  washed  and  combed 
themselves,  their  hair  tyed,  their  shoes  blacked,  their  Cloas 
and  Hatts  cleaned  and  appear  in  every  respect  as  a  clean 
Soldier. 

As  also  to  examine  their  arms  accruturments  and  ammuni- 
tion and  see  that  they  are  in  good  order  according  to  the 
Orders  given  to  the  Weekly  Officer — ^And  in  the  afternoon 
at  4  oclock  for  exercise  again  where  every  officer  servant 
must  attend  and  none  be  absent  on  any  account  whatsoever. 

The  Cap*  is  also  to  examine  the  gaurd  and  sentries  by 
day  and  night  and  see  that  they  are  allert  upon  their  posts 
and  examine  into  the  orders  of  the  sentries  and  to  go  the 
grand  roulid  at  night  between  10  and  12  oclock 


\ 


100    Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  BcUtaUony  1776. 

8ey  Marchant  is  appointed  to  do  duty  as  Sej^  Migor  until 
the  Sej*  Major  arrives  he  is  to  give  in  the  names  of  the 
Weekly  OflScers.  Sej*  and  Corporals  of  every  Comp^  to  the 
Officer  of  the  day  this  evening — 

The  Cap*  of  the  day  is  to  be  answerable  that  the  weekly 
Officers,  Sej.  and  Corp.  be  constant  in  Camp  and  if  any 
should  disobey  this  order  to  make  the  report  of  him  to  the 
Comm*  officer  of  the  Reg*.  The  Cap*  of  the  day  is  also  to 
make  a  report  every  morning  at  10  oclock  to  the  Comm* 
Officer  of  the  Reg*. 

All  Officers  to  attend  on  the  parade  every  morning  when 
the  Gaurds  mount: — 

For  this  day  Cap*  Lacy 

Officer  for  tomorrow  C.  Robinson. 

Head  Quarters  New  York  April  22-1776. 

Parole  Richmond^         Counter  S.  Conway. 

For  the  future  all  persons  confined  for  crimes  for  which 
they  are  to  be  tryed  by  a  general  Court  Martial  are  to  be 
sent  to  the  Provost  Marshall  Capt*  Marooney  who  has  a 
gaurd  appointed  to  secure  them  and  all  persons  confined  in 
any  gaurd  for  offences  that  comes  under  the  Cognizance  of 
a  Reg*  Court  Martial  are  to  be  sent  to  the  Barrack  gaurd  of 
the  Reg*  they  belong  to. 

Brigade  Orders. 

Fatague  1  Sej.  1  Cor.  30  privit  1  Fife  to  parade  at  Brook- 
line  at  ^  past  9  oclock  tomorrow  morning 

New  York  Head  Quarters  April  2^1776. 

Parole  Burke         Countersiffn  Barr 

Hitchcocks  &  Farnums  Reg**  to  be  ready  to  be  mustered 
on  Friday  morning  next;  They  will  be  under  arms  at  11. 
o^clock  in  the  forenoon  upon  the  commons  near  the  Park  of 
Artilyry,  where  the  Commissary  General  will  attend. 


Orderly  Booh  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Battalion^  1776.    101 
Head  Quabtebs  April  24^1776 
Parole  SwUleVj         Countersign  Thanel. 

The  Reg**  are  ordered  to  be  Brigaded,  as  follows.  First 
Brigade  under  the  Comm*  of  B.  G.  Heath;  Leonard,  Pres- 
cots,  Bead,  Bayleys  and  Baldwins. 

Second  Brigade  under  the  command  of  Brigadier  Gene- 
ral Spensors;  Persons,  Arnolds,  Huntington,  Wards  and 
Willis. 

Third  Brigade  under  the  command  of  Brigadier  General 
Soolivan;  Hands,  Reads,  Nixon,  Starks,  Webb. 

Fourth  Brigade  under  the  command  of  Brigadier  General 
Green;  Varnums,  Little,  Hitchcocks,  Waynes,  Irwins 

Fifth  Brigade  under  command  of  Brigadier  General 
the  Earl  of  Stirling;  Ritzmans,  Daytons,  M'Dougalls  & 
Winds. 

A  clean  well  dressed  orderly  sej.  from  each  Brigade  to 
attend  in  the  General  gaurd  room  near  Head  Quarters  from 
six  in  the  morning  till  they  are  dismis'd  in  the  evenings 
they  are  to  bring  their  provisions  with  them  and  be  relieved 
every  morning.  The  Comm«  officer  of  the  Artilyry  is  im- 
mediately to  examine  and  report  the  quantity  of  case  and 
grape  shot  in  store  and  see  that  sufficyency  of  each  is 
immediately  provided. 

The  riflemen  in  Col :  twins  Reg*  have  liberty  to  fire  their 
rifles  tomorrow  as  L.  Col*  Hartly  shall  appoint,  This  is  men- 
tioned as  no  persons  shall  presume  to  fire  without  leave. 
Felix  M'Clenny,  Cor.  John  Melsey,  Cor.  John  Magee,  John 
M'Bord  George  Conner  privates  belonging  to  the  sixth  Batt. 
of  Pennsylvania  Troops  tried  at  a  late  General  Court  Mar- 
tial, whereof  Co*  Baldwin  was  President  for  mutiny  and 
disobedience  of  orders.  The  Court  are  of  opinion  that  the 
prisoners  Cor.  Melsey  Cor.  John  Magee  are  not  guilty  but 
that  the  prisoners  Cor.  M^Clenny  John  Magee  and  Geo. 
Conner  are  guilty  of  the  charge  against  them  and  do  there- 
fore sentence  Cor.  M^Clenny  to  be  reduced  to  a  private  and 
that  John  Magee  be  confined  four  days,  Geo.  Connor  seven 


102    Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Battalion^  177Q. 

days,  both  on  bread  and  water.  The  General  approves  the 
sentence  of  the  above  Court  Martial  upon  Cor.  M^Clenny 
John  Magee  and  Geo.  Conner  and  orders  it  to  take  place 
immediately.     Fatague  as  usual. 

Reo^.  Orders. 

A  Court  Martial  to  sit  Tomorrow  morning  at  10  o'clock 
in  the  forenoon  to  try  Sej*  Alex.  AUiphant  and  Timothy 
Kerly  and  Cap.  Stafford  Graham     The  Court  to  consist  of 
Cap*  John  Lacy  President. 
Let.  Christy  1      Let.  Williamson 

Let.  McKinny      /     Let.  Smith. 

Head  Quarters  New  York  April  25-1776. 
Parole  Johnston.  Countersign  Lutrdl 

Complaints  being  made  of  injuries  done  to  the  Farmers 
in  their  crops  and  fields  by  the  soldiers  passing  over  and 
trampling  on  the  young  growth,  in  a  notorious  and  dis- 
orderly manner,  He  expressly  orders  the  Officers  Comm'** 
either  upon  duty  or  in  quarters  or  in  sentry  to  take  special 
care  to  put  a  stop  to  such  a  practice,  And  endeavour  to  con- 
vince their  men  that  we  came  to  prevent  not  to  injure  the 
properties  of  any  man.  The  Quarter  Master  General  as- 
sisted by  Col.  Putnam  Chief  Engineer,  the  Q.  Master  &  Q 
Master  Sej*  and  two  men  from  each  Reg*  of  1"*,  2*,  4***,  &  b^^ 
Brigades  at  sunrise  tomorrow  morning  upon  the  redoubt 
upon  Byards  Hill  to  mark  out  encampments  for  four,  the 
brigades  above  mentioned  the  Quarter  Master  General  will 
report  to  the  Comm*  in  Chief  when  he  has  settled  this  order. 
The  encampment  of  three  brigades  to  be  marked  out  in  like 
manner  upon  Long  Island,  on  Saturday  morning.  The 
chief  Engineer  with  the  Quartermaster  Ac  from  each  Reg*  to 
assist  the  Q.  Master  General  in  that  service 

As  soon  as  the  General  has  approved  of  the  encampment 
so  marked  out,  the  Troops  will  be  ordered  to  Encamp  until 
then  they  are  to  remain  in  their  Present  Quarters. 

One  Ser.  One  Cor.  Twelve  Privates  to  Parade  tomorrow 


Orderly  Booh  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Battalion^  1776.   103 

morniDg  at  10  Oclock  at  the  college,  at  the  Hospital  gaurd 
they  are  to  receive  and  obey  the  order  of  the  director  of  the 
General  Hospital  for  the  time  being  and  are  to  be  relieved 
every  morning  at  10  o'clock. 

James  Gray  of  Cap"  Micall  Comp^  in  Col:  Baldwin's 
Reg*  tried  at  a  late  General  Court  Martial  whereof  Col : 
Baldwin  was  President  for  Desertion  the  Court  Found  the 
Prisoner  guilty  of  the  charge  and  sentence  him  to  receive  39 
lashes  on  his  bare  back  Joseph  Laurell  of  Cap"  Wheelers 
Comp^  in  Col.  Nixons  Reg*  tried  at  the  above  General 
Court  Martial  for  absenting  himself  from  his  gaurd  with- 
out permission  and  being  intoxicated  with  liquor  is  found 
guilty  by  the  Court  and  sentenced  to  receive  Twenty  five 
lashes  on  his  bare  back.  Joseph  Smith  of  Cap"  Winships 
Comp^  in  Col.  Nixons  Reg*  try'd  at  the  above  General  Court 
Martial  for  quiting  his  post  when  on  sentry  is  acquitted  by 
the  Court,  He  approves  the  above  sentences  and  orders 
them  to  be  put  in  Execution  tomorrow  morning  at  Guurd 
Mounting. 

Rbg^  Orders. 

A  Court  Martial  to  sit  tomorrow  morning  at  10  Oclock 
consisting  of  the  same  persons  this  days  Court  viz 
Cap*  John  Lacy  President 
Lean' Christy  |   members    /I-^*  Smith 

Leun*  Williamson    J  I  Lu*  M'Henry 

Parole  Abington.  Countersign  Harily 

Head  Quarters  New  York  April  26  1776 

Lef  *  Col :  Hartly  of  the  6"*  Batt"  of  Pennsylvania  having 
lost  an  espying  glass  which  draws  out,  either  on  Governors 
Island  or  near  White  Hall  slip-  Whosoever  will  bring  the 
same  to  Mr.  Ayury  in  this  City  shall  receive  a  dollar  re- 
ward, and  the  thanks  of  the  owner  k  no  questions  asked  It 
may  perhaps  been  left  in  the  boat  in  which  Col.  Hartly 
came  over  on  Tuesday  28  instant 

Fatagues  as  usual. 

(To  be  continued.) 


104  Notes  and  Queries. 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIE8. 

flote0. 

Articles  of  Agreement  Between  Benjamin  Franklin  and 
Lewis  Timothee,  1788.  Among  the  Franklin  Papers  of  The  His- 
torical Society  of  Pennsylvania  is  the  rough  draft  of  the  articles  of 
agreement  between  Franklin  and  Lewis  ^moth^e  for  the  carrying 
on  of  a  printing  office  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  The  follow- 
ing copy  is  made  without  the  changes  and  interpolations  of  the 
original. 

Articles  of  Agreem}  between  Benjamin  Franklin  and  Lewis  Timothee, 
Nov.  26,  17S3. 

Articles  of  Agreem'  indented  made  the  26**  Day  of  november  A. 
D.  1783  Between  Benjamin  Franklin  of  the  City  of  Philada  in  y*  prov- 
ince of  pensilvania  Printer  of  ye  one  pt  and  Lewis  Timothee  of  the  sd 
City  Printer  (now  bound  on  a  voyage  to  Charlestown  in  South  Carolina) 
of  ye  other  pt.  Whereas  ye  sd  B  F  &  L  T  have  determined  to  enter  in- 
to a  Copartnership  for  y*  Carrying  on  y*  Business  of  printing  in  Charles 
Town 

It  is  therefore  covenanted  granted  &  agreed  by  &  between  the  sd 
pties  to  these  presents  and  y*  s*  B  F  &  L  T  do  mutually  agree  each  with 
y*  other  of  them  &  to  &  with  the  Heirs  Exec**  &  Adm"  of  y*  other  of 
them  in  manner  followg.  That  is  to  say,  That  they  the  sd  Benjamin 
Franklin  &  L  T  shall  be  ptners  in  carrying  on  y*  Trade  &  Business  of 
Printing  in  Charlestown  af*  for  &  during  the  Term  of  6  yrs  from  the 
Day  on  which  ye  sd  L  T  shall  be  put  in  Possession  of  a  Printg  Press 
Types  &  Materials  in  the  Town  of  Charlestown  in  S.  Carol,  provided  by 
B.  F  if  they*  sd  B  &  L  shall  so  long  live.  That  y«  sd  B.  F  shall  be  at 
y*  sole  Charge  &  Ebcpence  of  providing  a  printing  Press  with  all  its 
necessary  appuertenances  tog'  with  400  w^  of  Letters  (if  ye  sd  L  T  shall 
require  so  great  a  Quantity)  &  shall  cause  y*  same  to  be  delivered  into  y* 
possession  of  y*  sd  L  T  in  Charlestown  af^.  That  the  Business  &  work- 
ing part  of  Printing  &  of  Disposing  of  y*  work  printed  shall  be  under  y« 
Care  Managem^  &  Direction  of  &  performed  by  y*  sd  L  T  or  at  his  Ex- 
pence.  That  all  Charges  for  paper  Ink  Balls  Tympans  Wool  Oil  & 
other  Things  necessary  to  printing  Together  with  y*  Charge  of  all 
common  &  necessary  Repairs  of  y*  press  and  its  appurt'  and  also  ye 
Charge  of  Rent  for  a  Shop  &  for  so  much  Room  as  is  necessary  to  be 
used  in  y*  management  of  y*  Business  of  printing  af^  shall  be  divided  in- 
to 8  equal  p**  2  of  which  sd  p**  shall  be  ^SS^ed  by  &  paid  as  due  from  ye 
sd  L  T  and  y*  remaing  3rd  p^  shall  be  defrayed  &  allowed  to  be  p**  as 
due  from  y*  s*  B  F  &  deducted  out  of  y*  Income  next  herein  after  men- 
tioned. That  all  money  rec^  or  to  be  rec'  for  printing  or  for  anything 
done  or  to  be  done  relating  to  y*  Business  of  printing  af*  by*  s^  L  T 
either  as  Gratuity  premium  Reward  or  Salary  from  the  Gh)vemm^  or 
from  others  shall  be  divided  into  8  equal  p**  2  of  w**»  s*  p**  the  s*  L  T 
shall  have  for  his  Care  managem^  &  p^ormance  aP  and  y*  s'  B.  F  shall 


I. 


ll'X 


if  ^y  „ 

ti  ,/ 1  ^^  V--  _  -    - 


X 


Cc-,  f^/ -^ynr  r-r^  "^.  _-  - 

4'  /' 


,^:  »>' 


Notes  and  Queries.  105 

have  y*  remaining  8**  p*  thereof.  That  for  the  regular  transacting  the 
afl&irs  in  Ck>partnerehip  aforesaid  the  said  L  T  shall  keep  fair  and  exact 
Books  of  acc^  of  &  concerning  all  Work  done  &  sold  by  him  &  of  all 
his  Rec*"  &  Disburs^**  relating  to  the  Business  of  Printing  in  Copartner- 
ship a"  w"*  y*  Day  Month  &  y'  of  each  Entry  &  submit  ye  same  to  ye 
view  of  y*  s*  B.  F  his  lawful  atf^  Ex"  or  Adm"  as  often  as  thereunto 
required  And  y*  all  y^  Ace**  of  y*  Copartners  in  Copartnership  af  shall 
be  drawn  out  Fair  comunicated  to  each  other  and  settled  once  a  y'  during 
y*  Copartnership  af  or  oft«ner  if  either  of  them  the  s"*  Copartners  shall  re- 
quire it  and  y*  upon  such  settlem^  y'  s*  L  T  shall  remit  the  p*  by  this 
agreem'  belong*  to  y«  s*  B  F  in  such  Wares  or  Merchandizes  or  in  Bills 
of  Exchange  or  in  Money  as  the  s*^  B  F  shall  direct  by  Letter  or  Order 
under  his  Hand  on  board  such  Vessell  &  to  such  Part  as  ye  B  F  shall  also 
require  by  Letter  or  Order  as  af  at  y«  proper  Bisque  of  y*  s*  B  F.  That 
y*  s'  L  T  shall  not  work  with  any  other  printing  materials  than  those 
belonging  to  y«  s*  B  F  nor  follow  any  other  Business  but  printing  dur- 
ing y*  Continuance  of  the  Copartnership  af  occasion*  Merchandize  ex- 
cepted. That  y*  Loss  of  bad  Debts  shall  be  divided  &  sustained  by  bot^ 
p****  in  the  same  proportion  as  y«  money  ought  to  have  been  divided  by  this 
Agreem*  if  it  had  been  received  That  neither  of  y*  s*  p"*  shall  reap  any 
Benefit  or  advantage  by  survivorship  if  y*  other  of  them  shall  depart 
this  Life  before  y«  Expiration  of  y«  s*  Term  of  6  y"  as  af».  But  that  if 
y«  8*  L  T  shall  depart  this  Life  before  y«  Expiration  of  y«  s*  Term  his 
Ex"  or  Adm"  shall  deliver  up  the  press  Types  &  all  other  materials  of 
printing  which  have  been  provided  by  s*  B  F  at  his  Charge  to  y*  s*  B  F 
his  cert"  atf^  Ex"  or  Adm"  upon  Demand  in  good  Order  &  Condition 
(allowing  for  y*  usual  Wear  &  Decay  of  such  things)  as  also  y*  Share  of 
Money  Eflfects  &  Debts — ^belonging  to  y«  s*  B  F  by  this  agreem*.  Pro- 
vided nevertheless  That  if  P  T  son  of  y«  s*  L  T  shall  be  capable  of 
carrying  on  and  will  carry  on  the  Business  of  printing  af  as  it  ought  to 
be  carried  on  and  shall  also  give  sufScient  security  for  his  complying 
with  &  performing  all  things  relating  thereto  w***  by  this  agreem*  y*  s*  L 
T  ought  to  have  done  had  he  lived  It  shall  be  in  y«  power  of  y«  s*  P  T 
to  keep  &  improve  y«  materials  of  printing  so  provided  by*  s*  B  F  as 
af*  until  ye  Term  of  Copartnership  af  is  expired  Any  thing  herein  be- 
fore contained  to  y*  Contrary  nowithstand*  But  if  ye  sd  P  T  shall  re- 
linquish this  agree"^  and  shall  be  unwilling  to  continue  y*  Copartnership 
hereby  made  Then  he  shall  not  work  at  the  Business  of  printing  at  all 
in  y«  province  of  Carolina  af  until  the  Term  of  Copartnership  af  be 
compleatly  expired.  And  if  y*  s*  B  F  shall  depart  this  Life  before  y* 
Expiration  of  y«  Term  of  Copartnership  af*  the  sd  LT  shall  continue  y* 
Business  nevertheless  pajdng  &  remitting  the  p^  by  this  Agreem^  belong- 
ing to  y«  8*  B  F  unto  y*  Ex"  Ad"  or  A"  of  y*  s*  B  F  or  as  they  shall  di- 
rect they  perform*,  all  parts  of  this  Agreem'toy*  s*  LT  w**»  hey*  s*  B  F 
ought  to  have  done  if  he  had  lived.  And  at  y*  Expiration  of  the  Term 
of  6  y"  af*  y*  s*  L  or  his  son  P  shall  have  y*  preference  of  purchas*  the 
s*  printing  press  materials  and  Types,  if  they  shall  be  so  disposed  at  their 
present  value  allowing  only  what  shall  be  adjudged  a  reasonable 
abatem^  for  y*  wear  of  such  Things  in  y*  Time  they  have  been  used.  But 
if  y*  8<*  L  nor  P  shall  not  be  incljned  to  purchase  diem  at  that  price  they 
shall  transport  or  cause  to  be  transported  to  &  delivered  at  PhiladV  the 
said  printing  press  materials  &  Types  at  their  own  proper  Bisque  & 


106  Notes  and  Queries. 

Charges,  to  7*  s^  B  F  his  Ex"  Adm"  or  Ass*  &  if  any  unusual  Damage 
by  bad  usage  or  negligence  shall  have  happened  to  them  they  y*  sd  L  or 
P  shall  make  it  good,  but  if  any  Damage  shall  happen  to  the  said  Print- 
ing Press  Types  &  Materials  by  some  unavoidable  accident,  the  Loss  shall 
be  divided  &  sustained  by  both  Parties  in  the  same  Manner  as  the  Loss 
by  bad  Debts  is  by  this  Agreement  to  be  divided  &  sustained.  Provided 
nevertheless  that  if  y«  printing  press  materials  and  Types  w''*'  y*  s*  B  F 
provides  shall  be  consumed  &  destroyed  by  Fire  or  otherwise  renderd 
unfit  for  use  before  y*  s^  L  T  shall  have  them  in  poss"  then  the  Loss 
thereby  shall  be  wholly  sustained  by  the  said  B  F  &  the  Copartnership 
hereby  made  shall  be  dissolved  &  abolished  Unless  y^  s''  B.  F  be  willing 
to  continue  it  &  provide  another  press  &  Types  as  af^  &  send  them  at  his 
own  Risque  to  Charlestown  af'  to  be  there  delivered  to  the  s''  L  T  any- 
thing herein  before  contained  to  y*  Contrary  in  any  wise  not  withstand- 
ing In  Witness  &c 
[Endorsed] 

Articles  of  Agreem* 

between  Printers 

ab^  carying  their  Trade 

viz  int.  B.  Franklin 

&  L.Timoth6e. 

Letter  of  Thomas  Dioges  to  Benjamin  Franklin,  1779. — 
D'  Sir. 

My  journey  hither  was  a  favourable  one  &  I  am  in  hopes  will  turn  out 
to  good  account ;  I  have  not  yet  however  been  able  to  deliver  all  your 
letters — those  for  the  environs  of  London  are  yet  in  my  possession  as  I 
preferrd  keeping  them  a  day  or  two  to  make  a  personal  delivery  of  them, 
to  the  risqueing  them  by  penny  post.  I  this  day  deliverd  Miss 
Shipleys — His  £:)rdship  was  not  at  home  to  join  in  the  general  satisfac- 
tion &  joy  expressed  by  the  whole  Female  part  of  the  Family  on  hear- 
ing from  yourself  that  you  were  well  &  happy — ^I  got  a  share  of  conse- 
quence by  being  your  messenger,  and  was  rogue  enough  to  wish  (when 
I  saw  a  hasty  Idss  given  to  B.  F.  at  the  foot  af  your  Letter)  to  have  the 
beatitude  transferrd  to  me — It  is  a  shame  for  you  to  be  so  great  a 
monopoliser  of  Hearts.  I  understand  from  the  Family  that  a  french 
(3ent"  (I  believe  the  Ecuyer  to  the  Count  D' Artois)  sets  out  in  the  morn- 
ing for  Paris,  &  I  am  to  send  this  to  the  Bishops  for  forwarding  by 
Hine. 

Our  matter  goes  on  seemingly  very  well ;  on  a  meeting  between  Mr. 
H.  and  a  certain  great  man,  Uie  latter  seemed  to  catch  with  avidity  at 
Mr.  H*s  application  for  an  audience,  &  this  night  at  nine  o'clock  is  the 
hour  appointed  for  a  parley:  I  fear  it  will  not  be  in  my  power  to  for- 
ward you  the  result  of  that  parley  by  this  conveyance,  as  I  am  under 
injunctions  from  your  Ruby-lip'd  Correspondent  to  send  my  letter  this 
evening  ;  I  will  however  keep  it  to  the  last,  and  at  any  rate  risque 
sending  another  letter  to  the  Bishops  in  the  morning.  I  write  you 
from  our  friend  Mr.  H*.  where  I  am  waiting  his  return  from  West- 
minster Hall  &  for  his  Boast  beef. 

Everything  seems  working  well  for  our  Country  &  its  cause,  I  hope 
no  civil  discord  or  nasty  cabals  will  cast  a  cloud  over  the  promised  fair 
&  serene  western  sky.     Arbuthnots  squadron  is  not  yet  saild  from 


Notes  and  Queries.  107 

Torbay  but  will  go  with  the  first  fair  wind  ;  If  a  few  ships  of  war  and 
nearly  four  thousand  Recruits  (w^  is  the  force  going  with  him)  can  do 
America  any  further  injury,  I  am  confidant  she  has  my  friend  €k)y' 
Johnstone  solely  to  thank  for  it ;  for  He  stands  alone  as  to  opinion  that 
every  exertion  against  America  is  now  necessary  for  the  Safety  of  this 
Country. 

Ministry  seem  to  speak  out  dispondingly  of  their  afiairs  in  Am%  & 
particularly  for  the  Southern  Army.  The  exposition  of  the  correspon- 
dence between  them  &  their  commanders  in  America  has  servd  to 
open  the  Eyes  of  the  people  a  little,  and  the  examination  into  the  af- 
fairs of  the  Howes  by  the  evidence  w^  have  already  been  given  at  the 
bar  of  the  House  of  Commons,  is  likely  to  damn  them  compleatly  :  It 
now  appears  that  instead  of  vagabonds  &  poltroons  the  Americans  are  a 
vigilant  well  disciplind  and  a  respectable  Enemy.  In  the  House  of 
Lords  yesterday,  L^  Rockingham  gave  a  very  melanchoUy  picture  of  the 
state  of  things  in  Ireland.  It  would  seem  to  me  that  the  period  is  not 
very  distant  when  that  oppressd  people  will  seek  relief  to  their  distress 
from  Congress's  and  associations  of  their  own.  In  the  debate  on  this 
matter  the  disunion  among  both  parties  Whigs  and  Tories,  was  a  good 
picture  of  the  distraction  of  the  times.  Lord  Rockingham  makes  a 
motion  for  the  state  of  Ireland  to  be  laid  before  the  House— Lord  Wey- 
mouth opposes  it  with  the  previous  question — ^The  Duke  of  Chandos  & 
Lord  Townsend  support  Lord  Rockingham — ^the  Duke  of  Graflon  & 
LordShelbume  oppose  Him ;  &  it  all  ends  with  giving  the  Marquis  his 
motion  He  cutting  off  part  of  His  preamble. 

The  leaders  of  the  Bedford  party  have  veerd  about  very  much  of  late, 
&  are  from  all  appearances  going  over  to  opposition.  The  quarrels 
among  the  ministry  has  been  the  probable  cause  of  this.  Lord  N.  and 
Lord  G.  6.  are  at  cat  &  dog  if  not  at  open  rupture.  Lord  N"  language 
is  that  Lord  G.  G.  is  such  a  blundering  ass  &  so  great  a  fool  that  it  is 
impossible  to  act  with  Him.  The  other  says  that  North  is  so  treacher- 
ous as  never  to  support  his  friends  when  in  need  and  always  leaves  them 
in  the  Dark.  When  rogues  quarrel,  it  is  to  be  hoped  honest  men  will 
get  at  their  rights.  There  has  been  some  accts  from  N.  York  to  min- 
istry by  way  of  Corke  that  have  not  been  good  enough  to  give  to  the 
publick  in  a  Gazette,  consequently  they  were  bad.  The  talk  is  that  the 
acco^  from  Byron  in  the  west  Indies  are  but  indifferent — ^These,  to- 
gether with  the  reports  w^  reignd  very  currantly  about  ten  days  ago 
that  overtures  for  Peace  were  negotiating,  having  ceasd,  has  caused  the 
Stocks  to  fall  two  or  two  &  a  half  p'  c'  lately  &  the  City  gentry  are 
rather  in  the  dumps.  Hoping  to  have  an  opportunity  given  me  to 
write  in  the  morning  by  the  same  conveyance  with  this  I  shall  not  add 
further  at  present  than  that  I  am  with  very  great  esteem 

Dr  Sir. 

Your  very  oblig'd  and 

Obedient  Servant 

Thos.  Digges 

London  12  May  1779. 

Dr.  Franklin  presents  his  Compliments  to  Mb.  Meyer  and 
prays  him  not  to  detain  any  longer  the  Picture  from  which  he  was  to 
make  a  Miniature,  but  return  it  by  the  Bearer.  Hopes  Mr.  Meyer  will 
not  think  him  impatient,    as  he  has  waited  full  Five  Years,  and  has 


108  Notes  and  Queries. 

seen  many  of  his  Acquaintence  tho'  applying  later,  sery'd  before  him. 
Wishes  Mr.  Meyer  not  to  give  himself  the  Trouble  of  making  any  more 
Apologies  or  to  feel  the  least  Pain  on  Acct  of  his  disappointing  Dr. 
Franklin  who  assures  him,  he  never  was  disappointed  by  him  but  once, 
not  having  for  several  years  past  since  he  has  known  the  Character  of 
his  Veracity,  had  the  smallest  dependance  upon  it 

Letter  of  Mbb.  Franklin  to  Dr.  Franklin  in  the  Manuscript 
collection  of  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. — 
My  Dear  child, 

the  bairer  of  this  is  the  son  of  D'  Phines  Bond  his  only  son  and  a 
worthy  young  man  he  is  a  going  to  study  the  Law  he  desired  a  line  to 
you  I  beleve  you  have  such  a  number  of  worthy  young  Jentelmen  as 
ever  wente  togather  I  hope  to  give  you  pleshuer  to  see  such  a  number 
of  fine  youthes  from  your  one  countrey  which  will  be  an  Honour  to  ther 
parentes  and  Countrey 

I  am  my  Dear  child  your  Afeckshonot 
wife    D  Franklin. 
1770 
ocktober  ye  11 

Inscriptions  prom  Some  of  the  Tombstones  at  Yorktown,  Va. 

Hie  lacet 

Spe  certa  resurgendi  in  Christo, 

Thomas  Nelson  Generosus 

Filius  Hugonis  &  Sarise  Nelson 

de  Penrith  in  Comitatu  Cumbrise 

Natus  20"^  die  Februarii  Anno  Domini 

1 677.     Vitce  bene  gestse  finem  implevit 

7"'  die  Octoberis  1745 

Aetates  sure  68^ 

Here  lieth  the  Body  of 

lane  Frank  the  Daughter 

of  Mr.  Wm  Routh  of  Kirklington 

in  Yorkshire.     She  died  on  her 

Passage  at  Sea  April  26,  and  was 

Interred  May  28,  1766 

aged  28  years 

Here  lies  the  Body 

of  the  Hon****  William  Nelson  Esq 

Late  President  of  His  Majestys  Council 

In  this  Dominion 

In  whom  the  Love  of  Man  and  the  Love  of  Qod 

So  restrained  and  enforced  each  other 

And  invigorated  the  mental  Powers  in  general 

As  not  only  to  defend  him  from  the  Vices  and  follies 

of  his  Age  and  Country, 

But  also  to  render  it  a  Matter  of  difficult  decision 

In  what  part  of  laudable  conduct 

He  most  excelled 


Notes  and  Queries.  109 

Whether  in  the  tender  &  endearing  Accomplishments 

of  Domestic  life 

or  in  the  more  Arduous  Duties 

of  a  Wider  Circuit 

Whether  as  a  Neighbour,  a  Gentleman 

or  a  Magistrate 

Whether  in  the  Graces  of  Hospitality — (defaced) 

or  Piety 

Reader,  if  you  feel  the  Spirit  of  the  exalted  Ardor 

Which  aspires  to  the  felicity  of  concious  Virtue 

Animated  by  those  emulating  and  divine  Admonitions 

Perform  the  T K  and  respect  the  Distinction  of 

(task) 
the  Righteous  Man. 
Ob  19'"  Nov  A  Dom  1772  (or  3) 
Etatis  61. 

Record  of  the  Anthony  Family  op  Philadelphia,*  from  the 
GesangBuchof  Jacob  Anthony.  1774,— [See  Hildebum  No  8028.] 

Jacob  Anthony  was  bom  13  October,  1764. 

Sukey  Anthony  was  born  February  1766. 

Michael  Anthony  was  bom  the  16**^  of  April  and  christened  the  22"^ 
of  April  and  departed  from  this  world  the  16*^  of  June,  1788. 

John  Anthony  was  bom  the  28  July,  1789  and  christened  the  16***  of 
August,  1789,  and  departed  the  27"»  of  July,  1790. 

Jacob  Anthony  was  bom  7  June,  1792,  died  80  September,  1798. 

Joseph  Anthony  was  bora  the  25***  July,  1796. 

Sally  Anthony  was  bora  the  80***  October,  1797. 

William  Anthony  was  bora  16  January,  1801. 

Catharine  Sherer,  of  Bustleton,  wife  of  Joseph  Anthony,  died  August 
1752. 

Jacob  Anthony  was  married  16  July,  1787  to  Susanna  Cart. 

John  Anthony  bora  16  April,  1788. 

Peter  Anthony  was  bora  the  28*^  November,  1804,  and  christened 
March  the  8"»,  1805. 

Jacob  W.  Anthony,  bora  17  August,  1820,  died  16  February,  1897, 
son  of  Joseph  Anthony.  Mary  Abel,  wife  of  Jacob  W. 
Anthony,  bora  26  March,  1826,  died  12  November,  1901,  daughter 
of  John  Abel,  by  his  wife  Mary  Himes.  Her  grand-father  was 
Frederick  Himes  and  his  wife  Sarah  M'Coombs. 

Henry  P.  Anthony,  son  of  Joseph  Anthony,  born  26  August,  1828. 

Joseph  H.  Anthony,  bora  Sunday,  18  October,  1846. 

Caroline  R.  Cramp,  wife  of  Joseph  H.  Anthony  was  born  18  Novem- 
ber, 1849. 

*The  Pennsylyania  Gasette  of  October  14 1772,  has  the  following  adyertiaement :  Jacob 
AMTHONY  Twmer  and  hutrument  Maker  at  the  Stffn  qf  the  Oerman  Flute  and  UauUtcy 
Ac  on  the  Ead-9ide.  the  upper  End  qf  Seetmd-Strtet,  a  WOe  Way  above  Vine-Street,  near 
the  Vendue-Bouee,  Begs  leaye  to  acquaint  the  Public  that  ne  makes  and  sells  all 
Sorts  of  Musical  Instruments,  and  German  Flutes  of  all  Sorts,  common  Flutes.  Haut- 
boys. Clarinetts,  and  Soldiers  Fifes;  he  also  mends  old  Ones;  and  makes  all  Sorts 
of  other  Turner's  Work . 


110  Notes  and  Queries. 

Letters  of  Timothy  Piokebing  to  Jambs  and  John  McHenby, 
contribated  by  D'  Bernard  0.  Steiner,  of  the  Enoch  Pratt  Free  Library, 
Baltimore,  Md. — 

Trknton,  Sept.  12.  1797. 
Dr.  Sir, 

When  Major  Rivardi  was  going  to  West  Point  &  afterwards  to  Canada, 
he  requested  my  consent  to  transmit  his  letter  thro*  me ;  this  has  occa- 
sioned a  continued  correspondence  to  the  present  time,  in  which  he 
seems  to  have  expressed  his  sentiments  to  me  without  resenre.  From 
this  source  perhaps  useful  information  may  sometimes  be  derived.  I  now 
inclose  an  extract  from  his  letter  of  July  28th  received  a  few  days  since. 
If  his  future  letters  contain  any  thing  material,  I  will  let  you  know  it, 
I  perceive  he  was  very  much  disappointed  in  not  getting  the  command 
at  Mackinac;  principally  I  presume  from  pecuniary  considerations. — 
Just  at  Capt.  Mitchell's  departure  for  Detroit,  two  weeks  ago,  he 
dropped  somethings  relative  to  Major  Rivardi,  which  I  was  sorry  to 
hear :  I  mean  lest  there  should  be  ground  for  reproach. — ^My  acquaintance 
with  Major  R.  was  on  a  very  few  interviews,  and  by  a  private  &  public 
correspondence.  I  was  pleased  with  his  good  sense  and  liberal  sentiments ; 
and  deemed  him  an  acquisition  in  our  service.  My  first  impressions 
were  rec'd  from  General  Washington  &  €knl.  Knox  before  I  had  ever 
seen  Rivardi;  and  for  the  sake  of  the  public  service  I  shall  much 
r^ret  that  he  should  not  merit  the  character  which  they  &  I  have 
supposed  belonged  to  him.  Were  not  the  enemies  of  Col.  Rochefontaine 
the  enemies,  or  not  the  friendB,  of  Miyor  Rivardi  ?  and  at  the  same  time 
the  friends  of  Major  Tousard  ?  Now  I  confess  to  you  that  I  should  place 
much  higher  confidence  in  the  integrity  of  Rochefontaine  than  of 
Tousard. 

When  you  have  perused,  it  will  be  best  to  bum  this  letter. 
I  am  dear  sir 

very  sincerely  yours, 

T.  PiCKEBING. 

(private) 

James  McHenby,  Esq. 

Downing's  Town 

CiTT  or  Wabhihoton,  Deor.  13. 1804. 

Deab  Sib, 

Tou  will  recollect  that  General  Pinckney,  prior  to  his  going  to  France, 
engaged  Stuart  to  paint  for  him  afdll  length  portrait  of  Gen.  Washington. 
Gen.  P.  desired  me  to  pay  the  price,  $500.  for  which  he  has  Stuari^s 
receipt.  The  General  not  being  received  by  the  French  Directory,  the 
picture  was  not  sent  to  him.  Indeed  I  never  saw  it  But  it  lays  in  my 
mind  that  you  went  to  Stuart's  when  at  Germantown,  on  purpose  to  see 
it ;  and  I  presume  the  portrait  was  actually  made. — General  Pinckney  has 
lately  written  to  Mr.  Lowndes  on  the  subject,  stating,  that  he  has 
repeatedly  written  to  Stuart  on  the  subject,  but  cannot  even  get  an 
angwer ;  &  therefore  desires  Mr.  Lowndes  &  me  to  call  on  him,  and 
endeavour  to  obtain  the  picture.  We  suspend  the  call,  that  you  may  be 
advised  of  the  matter,  and  write  me,  communicating  what  facts  you  can 
recollect  Was  the  portrait  actually  made?  If  it  was,  I  think  Stuart 
must  have  parted  with  it — intending  doubtless  to  paint  another  for  Genl. 


J 


Notes  and  Queries.  Ill 

Pinckney  :  but  not  having  done  it,  gives  no  answer  to  his  letters,  because 
the  explanation  cannot  be  a  pleasant  one. 

I  promise  myself  the  pleasure  of  spending  Christmas  at  Baltimore,  in 
company  with  Mr.  Tracy,  agreeably  to  your  friendly  invitation.     But  we 
shall  write  you  when  the  day  shall  draw  near. 
With  sincere  respect  &  esteem 

I  am  dear  sir 

Your  obedt  servt. 

T.  Pickering. 
James  McHenby,  Esq 
Baltimore. 

CiTT  or  Washihoton,  Janj.  6.  1816. 
My  Dear  Young  Friend, 

I  embrace  the  earliest  opportunity  of  fulfilling  my  promise,  to  send 
you  Dr.  Price's  little  volume  of  sermons,  on  the  most  important  subjects 
which  can  engage  the  attention  of  the  candid  inquirer  after  Truth  in  the 
way  of  Salvation  by  Jesus  Christ. — It  is  more  than  forty  years,  since,  with 
strong  conviction,  I  renounced  the  Calvanistic  scheme,  in  which  I  had 
been  educated,  as  utterly  incompatible  with  the  perfections  of  the  Deity. 
But  it  was  not  till  a  later  period  that  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity  (which 
I  had  never  heard  controverted  in  the  pulpit)  employed  my  thougths ; 
and  Dr.  Price's  sermons  first  opened  my  eyes,  and  induced  me,  with  the 
like  conviction,  to  reject  this  dogma  likewise,  in  the  creed  of  Calvin.  It 
has  since  been  the  essential  article  of  my  faith  and  practice,  to  worship 
only  One  Ood,  who  "sent  his  Son  to  be  the  Saviour  of  the  World." 

Should  the  Dr's  reasonings  fail  to  oonvincey  his  candour  and  charity 
towards  those  of  different  sentiments,  must  deUght  every  unprejudiced 
mind. 

I  am  very  affectionately  yours. 

Timothy  Pickering. 
Mr.  John  McHenry. 
Baltimore 

City  of  Washihgton,  Jany.  IV,  1818. 

My  Dear  Sir, 

I  have  this  day  received  Mr.  Channing's  second 
pamphlet  of  Remarks  on  Dr.  Worcester's  second  letter  to  him,  on  the 
Unitarian  controversy  which  took  place  in  Massachusetts,  daring  the 
last  summer.  It  did  not  originate  on  any  attempt  to  discuss  the  ques- 
tion, whether  Trinitarianism  or  Unitarianism  was  the  doctrine  of  the 
Gknpel;  but  some  few  arrogant  Trinitarians,  assuming  to  themselves  ex- 
clusively the  knowledge  of  the  Truth  on  this  subject,  loudly,  zealously 
and  passionately  denounced  the  liberal  christians  in  Boston  &  its  vicin- 
ity, as  dangerous  men,  as  worshipers  of  another  Gk>d,  and  from  whom 
therefore  all  orthodox  christians,  worshipers  of  the  Trinity,  ought  to 
separate,  &  no  longer  to  hold  christian  communion  with  them.  The 
amiable,  intelligent  &  pious  Mr.  Channing  took  up  his  pen  in  defence 
of  the  injured  &  insulted  Unitarians.  His  second  pamphlet  I  now  send 
in  this  and  one  other  packet.  It  is  the  pamphlet  I  mentioned  to  you, 
and  comprehends  every  thing  material  on  his  side  of  the  controversy; 
while  it  opens,  tho'  very  concisely,  his  views  of  the  doctrine  itself. 

He  speaks  of  Oongregatumal  churches ;  which  to  you  will  require  ex- 


>*i.«!sH 


♦ 


^ 


; 


(\ 


112  Notes  and  Queries. 


I  planation.     While  the  Presb)rte]ian8  have  several   ecclesiaBtical   tri- 

'  bunals,  for  the  government  of  their  churches,  rising,  from  the  Session, 

J  or  minister  &  elders  of  a  single  church,  to  a  presbytery,  composed  of 

r  the  ministers  &  a  deligation  of  elders  from  a  number  of  churches — to  a 

M  synod  comprehending  several  presbyteries — ^and  (in  Scotland,  at  least) 

;/  to  a  general  assembly,  comprehending  all  the  synods :,  —  the  churches 

I  of  New  England  are  generally  congregaHonal ;  that  is,  each  separate 

I  church  has  Sie  complete  power  of  church  government  within  itself ;  and 

in  this  respect  may  be  called  independent.     Yet  a  christian  fellowship  is 
maintained  among  them.     And  if  differences  arise  in  any  church,  par- 
r  ticularly  any  controversy  between  a  minister  and  his  church— or  church 

r  &  congr^ation  (the  latter  comprehending  all  persons  of  the  same  so- 

ciety who  are  not  church  members,  or  communicants)  the  ancient  and 
continued  practice,  to  this  day,  has  been,  to  request  a  few  ministers  and 
delagates  from  neighboring  churches,  to  assemble,  hear  the  parties,  and 
give  them  advice ;  and  this  terminates  in  a  conciliation— or  in  a  separa- 
tion of  the  minister  from  his  church  and  congregation,  when  the  actual 
state  of  things  forbid  the  expectation  (in  the  mind  of  the  voluntary 
ecclesiastical  council,  called  as  above)  of  his  friture  usefulness  in  that 
society.  — So  likewise,  when  a  vacant  congregation  having  heard  a 
preacher,  approve  of  him,  &  desire  to  settle  him  as  their  minister,  they 
call  a  similar  ecclesiastical  council,  to  ordain  him.  This  is  according 
to  the  Cambridge  Platform,  or  order  of  church  government,  settled  long 
since  (more  I  believe  than  150  years  ago)  in  a  general  assembly  of  di- 
vines &  distinguished  church  members,  as  Cambridge  in  Massachusetts. 
And  under  this  plan,  the  Congregational  churches  have  enjoyed  great 
quiet :  —  But  in  Connecticut,  the  clergy,  a  good  while  ago,  formed 
what  they  called  a  consociation  of  churches;  in  which,  all  the  churches 
voluntarily  engaging  in  it,  subjected  themselves  to  the  government  of 
their  consociation.  And  it  is  an  establishment  of  this  sort  that  a  body 
of  aspiring  clergymen,  of  the  Calvinistic  order,  wish  to  introduce  into 
.'  Massachusetts.     This  is  the  ''Consociation"  mentioned  by  Mr.  Chan- 

I  ning. 

Such  establishments  are  the  surest  means  (as  they  would  say)  of  pre- 
t  venting  schisms  and  heresy  among  the  churches  of  Christ.     And  the 

i  surest  means,  I  should  say,  of  fettering  the  consciences  of  men,  and  pre- 

venting free  inquiry,  and  reformation  of  errors.  Those  gentlemen  (I 
mean  the  ambitious,  arrogant  leaders)  have  not  impudence  enough  to 
set  up  a  claim  to  infallilnlity ;  yet  so  certainly  as  any  candidate  for  the 
ministry — or  any  minister  already  settled  &  ifho  renounces  his  errors — 
preaches  doctrines  contrary  to  the  established 'creed  they  refuse  Ordina- 
tion to  one,  and  dismiss  the  other.  This  attempt  at  clerical  tyranny, 
will  surely  be  defeated. 

Sincerely  adieu  I 

Timothy  Pickebuio 
Mr.  John  Mc  Henry. 

II  I  committed  the  volume  of  Dr.  Price's  sermons,  to  General  Devreux, 
\  I                                    to  hand  to  you. 

CiTT  OF  Washinoton,  Feby.  1807. 

Dear  Sib, 
i  Your  general  benevolence  &  friendship  for  me,  must  be 

*"  my  apology  for  giving  you  some  trouble  for  the  benefit  of  two  of  my 

ndghboars  in  Massachusetts — ^Messn.  Swasey  &  Rogers. 


Notes  and  Queries.  ""      118 

They  were  owners  of  the  schr.  Nancy  which  in  August  last  sailed 
from  Martinioo  for  Boston,  with  a  cargo  of  sugar  and  coffee.  On  the 
22d  she  saw  the  French  ship  L'Eole  (now  lying  at  Anapolis)  in  distress, 
and  bore  up  to  her.  She  was  in  consequence  detained  (a  French  crew 
being  put  on  board  her)  until  she  anchored  at  Annapolis.  This  deten- 
tion put  the  schooner  out  of  time,  after  a  known  tempestuous  period,  in 
which  the  French  ships  &  many  others  were  dismasted;  &  many  vessels 
were  lost.  The  owners  therefore,  ignorant  of  the  Nancy's  fate,  en- 
deavoured to  get  her  insured :  but  no  company  in  Boston  would  under- 
write ;  and  the  lowest  rate  of  insuring  by  individual  was  25  PCent. 
Now  this  premium,  the  owners  (seeing  that  by  not  taking  out  a  policy 
they  became  their  own  insurers)  think  themselves  entitled  to.  This 
constitutes  more  than  half  their  demand. — The  detention  occasioned 
another  loss.  The  House  in  Boston  to  which  the  vessel  was  consigned, 
sold  Martinico  sugars  of  the  same  quality  for  $10.  &  $10.50  at  the 
time  when  the  Nancy  would  have  arrived,  but  for  the  detention  by 
L'Eole.  And  when  she  did  arrive  sugars  had  fedlen,  &  actually  sold  for 
no  more  than  $8.50  to  $8.75  This  forms  the  other  heavy  item  in 
the  claim  ;  the  whole  amount  of  which  is  $8996.81 

I  have  just  written  to  one  of  the  owners  (with  whom  I  am  well  ac- 
quainted) suggesting  that  not  these  only,  but  all  the  items  will  prob- 
ably be  contested,  and  advised  that  he  or  his  partner  should  come  on  to 
Baltimore  to  prosecute  the  claim:  for  there,  by  Turreau's  direction,  it  b 
to  be  adjusted,  thro'  the  French  consul;  by  mutual  consent,  if  he  and 
the  owners  can  agree;  otherwise  by  arbitration.  Now  my  good  sir,  can 
you  ask  the  French  Consul  at  what  time  he  will  settle  this  claim?  The 
sooner  the  better,  for  the  owners  want  their  dues  as  soon  as  they  can 
possibly  be  obtained.     And  will  you  favour  me  with  an  answer? 

Before  I  knew  the  amount  of  the  claim,  and  while  I  supposed  it  com- 
paratively small,  I  had  intended  (&  so  I  wrote  my  acquaintance)  on  his 
letter  of  request  relative  to  his  claim  generally,  to  appoint  an  agent,  in 
his  behalf,  at  Baltimore,  to  prosecute  it  for  him  :  and  it  is  possible  he 
may  ultimately  ask  me  to  do  it.  Should  this  be  the  case,  will  you  have 
the  goodness  to  name  some  worthy  man,  intelligent  &  faithful,  for  such 
an  agency  ?  And  will  you  endeavour  to  ascertain  the  terms  on  which 
it  would,  by  such  a  man,  be  undertaken  ? 

I  wish  to  know  with  certainty  when  the  French  Consul  will  engage 
in  the  adjustment  of  this  particular  claim,  to  prevent  my  neighbours 
suffering  additional  damage,  by  the  waste  of  time  and  money  by  a 
premature  attendance  at  Baltimore.  And,  if  after  the  adjustment  shall 
be  made,  the  Consul  should  have  no  money  to  pay  them  (which  I 
greatly  fear  will  be  the  case)  the  grievance  will  be  sorely  aggravated. 

Expecting  as  early  an  answer  as  will  consist  with  your  obtaining  the 
information  requested,  I  remain,  dear  sir. 

Affectionately  yours 

Timothy  Pickering. 

James  Mc.  Henry  Esq. 

Letters  Capt.  James  Moore — Col.  Anthony  Wayne. — 

Albany  December  21st  1776. 
CoLNL.  Anthony  Wayne 

Sir  :  I  just  see  a  letter  from  a  Gentleman  In  Philada  to  his  friend 
in  this  Place,   which  Came  With  the  Express  dated  10th  Decemr. 

VOL.  XXX. — 8 


114  Notes  and  Queries. 

In  which  he  Mentions  That  The  are  in  the  Utmost  Confusion  There, 
The  Enemy  to  the  Amount  of  Ten  Thousand  Under  Com.  Wallace, 
Were  In  Possession  of  Trentown,  Our  Army  Under  Genl.  Washington 
which  at  that  Time,  only  Consisted  of  Three  Thousand  Men  Were  on 
the  other  Side  of  the  River,  opposite  Trentown,  Where  Gtenl.  Washing- 
ton With  his  handfull  of  Troops,  Were  to  Make  a  Stand  Untill  The 
Could  be  Reenforced. 

He  also  Mentions  That  from  Several  Unhappy  Incidents  the  People 
are  Much  Divided,  and  from  the  Great  Sweep  the  Enemy  have  had  in 
Plundering  all  Thro  The  Jersey  Without  any  Apoeition,  are  Much  In- 
timidated, In  Short,  It  Was  With  Great  Difficulty  the  Militia  Could  be 
Prevailed  upon  to  go  to  the  Succour  of  our  brave  Genl.  Washington. 

The  People  are  in  the  Greatest  Confusion  in  Philada  since  the  Enemy 
began  to  Penetrate  Thro'  the  Jersies,  Moving  all  their  Effects  into  the 
Country,  from  the  best  Intiligence  I  Can  have,  the  Were  Much  affiraid 
that,  Philadelphia  the  only  Magazine  from  Whence  all  the  States  Were 
Supplied  Witii  The  Necessaries  for  Carrying  on  the  War  Should  have 
fallen  Into  the  Hands  of  our  Enemy,  and  Gkni  only  knows  Whether  It 
Will  Not  Soon  be  the  Case,  a  Fleet  With  10,000  Land  forces  on  board 
are  Embarked  from  N.  York,  Where  they  are  Destined  far  as  yet  Can- 
not be  ascertained,  but  I  am  very  DoubtfuU  a  Little  Time  Will  Con- 
vince us  that  the  are  Making  for  our  Capes. 

By  a  Latter  from  a  friend,  I  am  Informed  That  a  Great  Majority  of 
the  People  are  Much  Against  the  New  Form  of  Government. 

The  Loss  of  our  Worthy  GJenl  Lee  I  must  Now  Inform  you  of — ^he 
Was  taken  By  a  Body  of  Lighthorse  Whom  (by  Some  Torrys)  had  In- 
formation of  his  Detaining  In  the  rear  of  his  Army  to  answer  Some 
Letters  of  Genl  Ghiteses  Where  the  Light  Horse  Surrounded  the  House 
and  Carried  him  of— he  had  a  very  Small  Guard  With  him  its  said  two 
of  the  Light  Horsemen  Were  Killed. 

Genl  Heath  Who  Now  Commands  that  Army  (Since  Gtenl  Lees  Cap- 
ture) Which  consists  of  Three  or  four  Thousand  Men  are  on  their  Way 
to  Trentown,  Genl  Gates  With  about  Two  Thousand  Militia  are  on  their 
March  to  Join  Genl  Heath. 

I  have  had  Great  Success  In  Recruiting  While  The  Cash  lasted, 
(Which  Was  Not  Long)  I  have  here  Thirty  Eight  Men,  and  had  I  been 
Suplied  With  Money  Should  have  had  Many  More,  Could  Not  Draw 
Money.  Here  Was  forced  To  Borrow,  I  hope  you  Will  Send  Me  a 
Supply  as  Soon  as  Possible  That  I  May  Pay  My  Debts. 

Have  Sent  you  a  Pair  boots,  2  yd  Cambreck  its  so  Coarse  I  Was  af- 
fraid  to  Get  any  More  of  it  for  you. 

I  am  Dr  Sir 
Your  Most  Obt  Hbl.  Sert 

Jakes  Moore. 

TIOOMDKBOGA  2Dd  JtMJ  1777. 

Dear  Sir 

I  condole  with  you  on  the  Distresses  of  our  Common  Country — and 
the  Loss  of  Genl.  Lee ;  but  let  not  this  in  the  least  Intimidate  us— our 
Growing  Country  can  meet  with  Considerable  losses  and  Survive  them  : 
whilst  our  Defeat  will  forever  Ruin  the  English  Rebel  Army — ^they  may 
for  a  while  Embarrass  us  much — we  shall  soon  learn  to  meet  them  in 
the  Open  field — ^let  them  Conquer  our  Maritime  towns — ^they  can't  Sub- 


Notes  and  Queries.  115 

jugate  the  free  Sons  of  America,  who  very  shortly  will  produce  a  Con- 
viction to  the  World  that  they  deserve  to  be  free. 

I  have  sent  you  five  Hundred  and  twenty  Dollars — and  wish  you  Suc- 
cess in  Recruiting — keep  them  to  Manoeuvering — such  as  Marching  and 
Wheeling :  I  believe  I  should  soon  be  Ordered  to  March  to  the  Assist- 
ance of  our  Distressed  Country. 

Interim  I  am  Dr  Sir 

Yours  most  Sincerely 

Anty  Wayne 
Capt.  Jameb  Moore. 

Letters  op  Col.  Francis  Johnston  to  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne. — 

Philada.  July  28d  1780. 

Dear  General. 

I  sendyou  by  General  St.  Clair  a  Plume,  Fadngs^  EppauleU  d:c.  they 
are  of  iSe  very  best  quality — ^You  will  please  to  inform  General  Irvine 
that  his  things  shall  be  forwarded  very  soon. 

You  will  also  be  so  kind  as  to  send  the  Bundle  to  General  Hand 
which  is  directed  to  him,  together  with  the  inclosed  Note. 

Delany  intended  writing  to  you,  but  alas  I  his  good  Intentions  are 
frequently  frustrated— My  Dr  Sir  I  wish  to  hear  from  you  as  soon  as  may 
be,  Inform  me  respecting  the  In&ntry — communicate  the  News — 

I  am  Dr  General, 

Ever  Yours 

F.  Johnston. 
P.  S.  Mrs.   &  Miss  Wayne  are  well.     My  kind  Compts.  to  Col. 
Butler. 

Philada.  July  25.  1780. 

My  Dear  General. 

I  thank  God  you  are  still  safe,  for  tho'  you  do  not  honor  me  with  a 
single  Line,  yet,  I  am  sincerely  interested  in  your  personal  safety,  & 
shall  embrace  every  opportunity  to  let  you  know  it — 

Your  affair  at  Bergen  pray  let  me  know  in  a  particular  manner,  the 
reason  of  your  Attad:,  the  Mode  of  it  and  the  consequences  you  ex- 
pected to  derive  from  it,  in  case  you  had  been  successful  to  your  utmost 
Wish —  From  what  I  have  already  Learnt  of  the  matter,  I  find  both 
officers  &  men  behaved  with  their  wonted  bravery  &  resolution,  would 
to  Heaven  I  had  been  with  you,  for  believe  me  My  Dear  General  the 
business  I  am  engaged  in  is  truly  ungallant,  tis  dam'd  troublesome  & 
unattended  with  the  success  I  was  at  fint  lead  to  expect,  for  these 
reasons  I  have  solicited  to  be  recalled — Pray  are  you  to  command  the 
Infantry  ?  If  so,  as  an  old  officer  &.  your  honest  &  let  me  add  very  sin- 
cere friend  I  would  wish  to  have  a  Command  in  it,  &  honorably  fall  or 
gloriously  rise  mth  you.  I  am  weary  of  this  damn'd  City,  I  am  weary 
of  its  Vices,  nay  the  Prince  of  Darkness  himself  the  father  of  all  Vice 
would  blush  were  he  here — ^Virtue  is  pass'd  unheeded  by  in  the  streets 
&,  like  a  hideous  Ghost  is  avoided  by  the  Inhabitants — Would  you  be- 
lieve it?  I  have  seen  the  honest  soldier  who  bravely  plac'd  his  foot  in 
the  Breach  in  the  hour  of  Danger,  beat  time  with  a  Crutch  or  with  a 
wooden  leg  make  music  grating  to  the  very  soul  of  harmony,  I  say, 
such  a  Spectacle  has  been  exhibited  to  view  soliciting  Alms  from  an  un- 
grateful Country,  without  succes9.     Gracious  Father  I  Tis  almost  my  de- 


116  Notes  and  Queries. 

sign  to  war  against  the  Elements  to  war  against  Man  at  this  Day  is 
almost  pitiful  for  a  Soldier  or  a  mem  of  honor — Pray  what  has  become 
of  your  Remonstrance,  depend  on  it  tis  high  time  it  was  here  &  if  you 
wish  to  derive  any  solid  advantages  from  it — it  ought  to  be  well  sea- 
soned with  Attic  Salt  &  Roman  Pepper. 

I  have  sent  you  a  Bundle  which  Mrs.  Wayne  forwarded  to  my  Care 
pray  write  to  me,  &  believe  me 

Ever  Yours 

F.  Johnston. 

Dear  General. 

Our  friend  Delany  has  not  yet  procured  you  your  Eppaulets  Ac.  how- 
ever, he  has  an  excuse,  they  were  very  scarce  at  least  those  of  the  best 
quality  were. 

I  have  at  last  found  out  some  elegant  Lace,  Bullion  &c.,  so  that  in  a 
day  or  two,  they  shall  be  made  up  &  forwarded  with  the  other  things — 
Inform  General  Irvine  that  I  shall  also  carefully  transmit  him  the 
the  things  he  wrote  for.  Please  to  inform  Fishboume  that  Mr.  Emlen 
is  not  yet  returned  from  the  Country. 

My  Dr  General,  you  cannot  conceive  how  difficult  the  task  is  which 
I  have  undertaken,  however,  I  had  previous  to  my  leaving  Camp  a  pre- 
sentiment of  it,  I  shall  not  therefore  complain,  on  condition  my  weak 
services  will  render  any  good  to  the  public  Weal. 

Pray  how  do  you  like  the  New  Levies  &  what  expectations  have  you 
from  their  services  ? 

Write  me  by  the  earliest  Opportunity — Tour  family  I  learn  are  all 
well — My  Compts  to  all  friends — I  am  in  haste 

Your  Sincere  friend 

F.  Johnston. 
Philada. 
July  18. 

Dear  General. 

A  Variety  of  incidents  have  concurred  in  retarding  the  business  of 
our  mission  to  this  place — Assembly  men  have  fallen  sick,  so  that  fre- 
quently a  House  could  not  be  made.  Council-men  have  been  absent,  & 
the  most  untoward  Circumstance  of  the  whole  is,  that  President  Reed 
has  lost  his  amiable  Wife  which  has  rendered  him  wholly  unfit  (for  the 
present)  for  any  public  Avocation. 

However,  under  all  these  disagreeable  circumstances,  I  make  no 
doubt  but  we  shall  at  last  be  able  to  settle  our  Depreciation  at  least, 
equal  to  the  Eastern  States. 

Congress  received  a  very  interesting  piece  of  News  Yesterday  from 
the  Southward,  (viz)  A  Colonel  &  party  of  South  Carolina  Volunteers 
intercepted  the  Enemie's  Escort  &  retook  all  the  Prisoners  we  lost  in 
the  late  Action  with  a  considerable  quantity  of  Baggage.  This  News 
comes  from  General  Gates  himself. 

I  saw  your  amiable  little  Daughter  a  few  Days  since,  She  is  very 
hearty  as  is  also  Mrs.  Wayne. 

Please  to  give  my  Compts.  to  Major  Fishboume,  let  him  know  I  have 
sent  him  a  small  package  &  some  Letters  from  his  family  by  Lt  Colonel 
Forrest.  Delany  would  have  written  to  you  but  is  sick,  in  short  every 
body  is  sick  in  the  City  &  hundreds  dead  &  dying,  even  Wine-bibbers 


Notes  and  Queries.  117 

&  men  who  live  well,  are  carried  off  like  the  snaff  of  a  Candle.    I  am 
also  Bick,  I  fear  it  is  Uie  epidemical  Fever  which  has  attacked  me. 

I  am  Dear  C^era], 

most  Sincerely  yours 

F.  Johnston. 

Sept  20  1780. 
Philada 

A  Soldier  of  the  Revolution,  whose  name  does  not  appear  in  the 
printed  Muster  Bolls,  in  Pennsylvania  Archives,  Second  Series. — 

Wilmington  Septmr  the  5  1777 
Permit  Christian  Enipe  to  pass  to  Gwynedd  in  the  County  of  Philad* 
and  to  return  to  join  his  Regiment  within  four  Days  from  the  dates 
Inclusive. 

Benjn  McVeagh,  Col. 
Z^  BaU  Penna.  Militia. 
To  all  whom  it  may  Concern. 


Letter  of  Admiral,  Sir  William  Penn,  1654,  in  the  Man- 
uscript Collection  of  The  Hictorical  Society  of  Pennsyl- 
vania.— 
Honored  Gentlemen 

Some  3  or  4  howres  after  G^en"  Dishrow  Left  us,  heing  not  able  y' 
tyde  to  get  out  at  Ellens,  we  were  forct  to  come  againe  to  an  Anchor. 
The  next  morning  early,  the  wind  blowing  hard  at  East,  and  perceiv- 
ing the  Leeward  ships  could  not  be  able  to  get  out  y*  way,  I  sent  the 
Portland  to  call  on  them  to  make  sayle  along  w**  him  out  at  y«  Needles^ 
&  to  give  them  orders  y'  I  with  y«  ships  that  went  about  with  me,  would 
meet  them  off  the  Stert  (?)  &  gave  them  notice  what  they  had  to  doe  in 
case  of  separacon,  sending  alsoe  a  Ketch  to  tell  every  one  of  them  y* 
they  should  follow  the  Portland,  who  had  orders  for  them.  The  next 
day  (being  ye  27***)  we  met  w"*  divers  of  them,  wherof  the  Portland  was 
one,  who  told  me  he  had  given  out  the  orders  to  all,  save  the  Pellican 
Prize  &  y*  Halfemoon,  w***  whom,  by  reason  of  their  backwardnesse,  & 
the  darknesse  approaching  he  could  not  speake.  But  soon  after  under- 
standing by  y^  ffalmouth,  that  they  alsoe  came  out  at  y^  Needles  <&  find- 
ing the  wind  to  fi-eshen  upon  us  at  East,  &  being  unwilling  to  loose  jBk 
whole  nights  sayle  by  staying  at  y*  Start,  I  left  them  y*  Hound  &  a 
Ketch  to  looke  aft^r  y*  said  ships,  &  carry  them  y'  orders,  &  to  hasten 
them  &  what  other  might  have  repaired  thither,  after  us.  The  wind  ia 
still  Easterly  &  there  are  now  w"*  us  in  sight  y*  Paragon,  Gloucester, 
Lion,  Dover,  Portland,  G*  Charity,  Sampson  &.  ffalmouth.  The  ship 
by  whom  I  send^  this  being  unwilling  to  be  drawn  to  Leeward  &  we  to 
loose  tyme,  I  shall  trouble  yo^  noe  more  at  present,  but  remaine 

Gent, 
yo'  very  humble  Serv*. 
W"  Penn 
ffrom  on  board  y*  Swiftsure 

84  Lgs  S.  west  of  y*  Lizard 

29^  Decemb'  2  aft«moone,  1654. 


118  Notes  and  Queries. 

Abstraotb  from  Letter  of  Tench  Ck>XE,  Ebq.,  to  the  Pbebi- 
DBNT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  April  5,  1797,  suggeBtiiig  Beven  ques- 
tions  concerning  the  possible  groands  of  dissatisfaction  on  the  part  of 
France  against  the  United  States.  Copied  by  Dr.  Bernard  0.  Steiner,  of 
fbioch  Pratt  Free  Library,  Baltimore,  Md. 

(Private.) 

Questions  concerning  the  possible  grounds  of  dissatis&ction,  on  the 
part  of  France  against  the  United  States. — 

I. 

May  not  the  French  oonceiye  that  by  the  ISth  article  of  the 
British  treaty,  we  made  an  arrangement  with  one  of  the  belligerant 
parties  for  buying  and  carrying  to  market,  her  East  India  produce  and 
manufactures  to  the  great  support  and  aid  of  the  British  East  India  do- 
minions in  the  war,  altho  we  could  not  lawfully  do  so  before  the  war — 
and  that  the  East  India  company  were  by  these  means  enabled  to  cir- 
culate their  manufactures  throughout  the  world  through  our  neutral 
ports  and  in  our  neutral  vessels.  It  is  certain  that  the  British  courts  of 
Admiralty  in  Europe  and  the  West  Indies  have  decreed  the  confiscation 
of  all  neutral  vessels,  which  have  been  taken  in  similar  trades,  to  the 
Colonies  of  France,  Holland  &c.  &c.,  affirming  the  measure  to  be  justi- 
fiable upon  the  principles  herein  contemplated. 

II. 

May  not  the  French  also  observe,  that  the  same  arrangement  oper- 
ates to  give  the  British  East  Indies,  in  neutral  American  bottoms, 
many  supplies,  not  only  from  neutral,  but  even  their  enemies  countries, 
which  tho'  not  contraband  of  war,  do  actually  serve  as  provisions  and 
refreshments  for  the  British  army  and  navy,  materials  for  the  equip- 
ment, and  arming  of  vessels,  troops  and  fortifications,  consequently  for 
defence  and  ofience,  and  even  afibrd  greater  facility  to,  or  the  actual 
means  of  offensive  operations  against  the  East  India  colonies  of  France- 
May  not  these  things  appear  the  more  serious  and  delicate,  because  an 
existing  treaty  between  the  United  States  and  France  contains  a  guar- 
anty of  the  dominions  of  the  United  States  undertaken  with  a  particu- 
lar eye  to  the  very  power  (Great  Britain)  with  whom  the  article  was 
formed — and  which  first  broached  and  now  decidedly  and  strenuously 
maintains  the  doctrine,  that  such  aUerations  in  war  of  the  state  of  things 
immediately  before  existing  in  peace,  are  just  causes  for  the  confiscation 
of  neutral  ships.  If  this  doctrine  be  held  in  cases  wherein  the  charge  is 
made  by  the  separate  act  of  the  belligerant  party  in  the  form  of  a  statute 
or  proclamation,  is  there  not  a  probability,  that  they  may  deem  it  even 
offensive  and  injurious  when  effected  by  the  joint  act  of  an  enemy  and 
an  ally  in  the  form  of  a  treaty,  voluntarily  bq^un  and  concluded  pend- 
ing a  war. 

It  would  have  made  this  arrangement  unexceptionable,  if  a  provision 
in  the  treaty  had  declared,  that  this  article  should  begin  operation  only 
from  and  after  the  conclusion  of  the  war  in  which  Qreat  Britain,  France, 
&c.  are  engaged.  In  the  meantime  England  could  have  done  as  she 
pleased,  by  statute  or  proclamation,  without  involving  the  joint  act  of 


Notes  and  Queries.  119 

oar  QoYemment.  The  French  ooarta  of  Admiralty  must  then  have 
been  satisfied  to  capture  and  confiscate  our  and  other  neutral  vessels  em- 
ployed in  such  trade. 

in. 

May  not  France  obserre,  that  if  our  real  native  citizens,  are  actually 
taken  out  of  our  own  ships  and  put  to  the  guns  of  their  Enemy's  nayy, 
without  a  remedy  upon  the  transgressing  British  Captains  haying  ever 
been  pursued  to  issue  in  any  one  case,  it  is  the  conversion  of  a  netUral 
object  into  an  hostile  engine^  and  that  too  without  a  demand  and  procure- 
ment of  reparation  and  punishment  even  in  acknowledged  and  ascer- 
tained cases,  and  may  not  France  conceive,  that  there  is  not  a  perfect 
correspondence  between  these  circumstances,  as  they  effect  her,  and  the 
Slst  article  of  the  British  treaty  as  that  effects  her  enemy. 

IV.    , 

May  not  France  reasonably  except  to  the  arrangement,  in  regard 
to  provisions  destined  to  ports  not  blockaded,  seeing  that  we  have  pro- 
mulgated an  official  declaration  (considered  and  settled  by  the  President, 
Secretary  of  State  and  Attorney  General,  &c.)  that  such  an  arrange- 
ment could  be  contrary  to  a  faithful  Neutrality  (see  correspondence 
between  the  Secretary  of  State  and  the  Minister  of  the  United  States  to 
England,  A.  D.  1793.) 

V. 

May  not  France,  without  unreasonableness  entertain  some  dissatisfac- 
tion, that  this  Oovemment  has  not  restrained  by  law,  the  trade  of  its 
Citizens  with  those  parts  of  her  dominions  (the  conquered  islands  and 
districts  in  the  West  Indies)  which  we  have  guaranteed  to  her  by  treaty, 
especially  as  they  have  been  conquered  by  that  very  power  against 
whom  she  stipulates  a  guaranty  of  tiie  territories  of  the  United  States, 
and  particularly^  because  the  progress  of  those  conquests  would  have  been 
every  where  impeded,  perhaps  in  many  places  arrested  by  such  a  law 
on  our  part  May  she  not  reflect  that  the  Island  of  St.  Lucia  is  a  mere 
place  of  arms  for  the  maintainance  and  extension  of  the  power  of  her 
enemy,  without  agricultural  or  commercial  capacities. 

VI. 

May  not  France  have  entertained  reflections  and  feelings  concerning 
the  12th  or  West  India  article  of  the  treaty,  similar  to  those  noticed 
under  the  1st.  2nd  heads  in  regard  to  the  13th.  East  India  article.  If 
she  might  think  herself  injured  by  what  has  been  stated  in  regard  to 
the  East  Indies,  she  might  have  some  feeling  as  to  the  application  of 
similar  ideas  in  the  West  India  case,  because  the  West  India  article 
was  agreed  to  by  our  Negotiator,  will  be  presumed  to  have  been  ap- 
proved by  the  President,  was  not  known  to  be  opposed  by  the  then,  nor 
present  Secretary  of  State,  nor  does  it  appear  to  have  been  objected  to 
by  the  Senate  upon  such  principles  as  are  contemplated  under  the  East 
India  head  in  the  1st  &  2nd.  divisions  of  this  paper.  In  the  West 
India  case  the  feelings  of  France  may  the  be  more  quickened,  be<»Eiuse  of 
our  guaranty  of  the  West  Indies,  and  perhaps  because  she  may  conceive 
herself  to  have  favoured  our  situation  1798,  in  waving  the  performance 


120  Notes  and  Queries. 

of  that  guaranty.  The  particular  duration  of  the  West  India  article, 
may  have  impressed  France  disagreeably,  for  tho'  it  may  be  a  cautious 
experiment  on  the  part  of  England,  yet  it  is,  at  least  at  the  same  time, 
true  that  it  is  to  last  only  through  the  war,  and  the  short  time  of  restor- 
ing the  West  Indies  to  repair  and  vigor  after  it ;  that  is  till  the  end  of 
two  years  after  the  existing  war  with  France.  There  is  one  provision  in 
this  12th  or  West  India  article,  which  would  have  been  deeply  injurious 
to  the  French  West  India  colonies  :  that  is  to  say,  the  prohibition  to 
export  West  India  produce  from  the  United  States  to  any  other  country. 
America  had  provided  some  support  to  the  French  Colonial  agriculture 
in  its  own  revolutionary  war  ;  but  now  that  it  is  at  peace,  and  with  a 
great  fleet  of  private  ships,  it  is  plain,  that  it  would  prove  a  grand  sup- 
port to  the  French  Islands.  That  article  of  the  treaty  would  have  cut 
off  two  thirds  of  this  advantage  from  France  and  would  indeed  have 
been  a  most  important  alteration  of  the  state  of  things  pending  a  war.  It  is 
not  a  complete  answer  to  these  reflections  upon  the  present  feelings  and 
reasonings  of  France,  to  observe  that  the  article  is  rejected,  for  that 
only  applies  to  some  of  these  or  other  points  in  the  original  form  of  the 
article.  It  is  only  suspended  for  amendment.  It  may  appear  to 
France  to  be  the  intention  and  desire  of  the  United  States  to  modify  it 
in  parts  and  then  to  sanction  the  arrangement. - 

VII. 

The  rigidness  or  laxness  observed  by  belligerent  nations,  in  regard  to 
several  important  articles  included  by  the  British  treaty  in  the  list  of 
contraband  of  war,  greatly  depends  upon  their  own  power  and  necessi- 
ties upon  the  power,  resources,  and  situation  of  a  neutral  nation,  and 
upon  the  circumstances  of  the  moment.  Is  it  not  therefore  probable 
that  France  may  feel  irritated  because  the  benefits  to  her  of  all  these 
chances  is  cut  off  tn  the  middle  of  a  war,  by  the  treaty  of  Great  Britain, 
which  explicitly  fixes  the  most  unfavourable  rule  of  contraband,  that  is 
possible  or  which  has  ever  been  devised  by  the  refinements  of  the  most 
powerful  and  grasping  nations.  May  she  not  feel  an  unalterable  con- 
viction, that  the  new  method  of  agreeing  to  be  paid  for  an  article  at  least 
doubtflil,  is  a  device  of  profit  at  the  hazard  of  her  ruin.  May  she  not 
believe  that  the  desire  of  gain  has  rendered  the  United  States  unatten- 
tive  to  the  duties  of  neutrality  and  consistancy,  in  not  resisting  the  doc- 
trines concerning  provisions,  in  the  manner  which  the  strong  and  ex- 
plicit declarations  of  our  Government,  before  referred  to,  had  led  her 
confidently  to  expect  France  may  deem  it  in  us,  a  sufferance  of  cm 
acknowledged  violation  of  our  neutrality /or  money  and  may  look  with  the 
more  zealous  upon  this  article,  because  it  is  proved  to  be  (on  the  part 
of  the  British  (Government)  the  execution  of  a  plan  secretly  entered  into 
between  Russia  and  England  in  March  1798  and  unreservedly  avowed 
to  be  a  design  common  to  those  two  powers  and  to  Spain,  calculated  to 
be  extended  to  Portugal,  Holland,  &c,  (see  Lord  Grenville's  declaration 
to  Mr.  Pinkney  on  the  5th  of  July  1794). 

Before  the  British  treaty  {no  law  forbidding,)  the  French  could  sell  in 
our  ports  all  prizes  taken  from  whatever  power.  The  buyer  only  had 
to  take  care  abroad.  May  they  not  feel  some  irritation  because  a  treaty 
made  with  an  enemy,  in  the  time  of  war,  is  the  instrument  to  deprive 
them  of  that  advantage  and  that  same  enemy  is  left  by  that  treaty  and 


Notes  and  Queries.  121 

our  laws,  to  enjoy  the  adyantage  of  having  its  navy  and  privateers 
greatly  supported  by  the  right  to  sell  all  its  prizes  (other  than  French) 
in  our  ports.  Is  not  such  a  state  of  things  calculated  to  operate  upon 
mutual  powers  to  fear  more  to  join  England  than  France.  May  not  the 
treaty  in  question  (No.  14  &  15)  be  considered  as  working  an  alteration 
in  these  respects,  in  the  state  of  things,  in  the  time  of  war. 


The  Ledger  of  William  Bowden  and  Farquahar  Kerlock,  Lon- 
don 1747-1754,  in  possession  of  The  Historical  Society  of  Penn- 
sylvatia,  gives  the  following  correspondent's  accounts  during  those 
years. — 

February,  1747 — ^November  1749,  M'  William  Duiguid,  near  Rich- 
mond. 

November  1749 — February  1754,  Col.  Armisted  Churchill,  Mid- 
dlesex Co. 

February  1747— October,  1750,  Rev»^  M'  Alexander  Whyte,  King 
&  Queen,  Co. 

April,  1750— June  1753,  Rev*  M'  William  Smith,  in  North  Carolina. 

March,  1749— April   1752,  M'  James  Mills  in  Hobbs  Hole. 

November  1744— June  1749,  M'  William  Westwood  in  Hampton. 

July   1751 — August,  1754,  John  Spottswood  Esq,  Bappahanock. 

June  1751 — April,  1752  Col.  Nathaniel  Harrison,  Potomack. 

November,  1749— April,  1752,  M'  William  Booth,  Potomack.  This 
includes  an  order  from  the  Rev  M'  John  Fox,  and  one  from  Thomas 
Booth. 

July  1753 — April,  1754,  M'  James  Murray,  Prince  (Jeorge  County. 

September,  1751 — August,  1754,  M'  Charles  Blacknall,  Gloucester. 

April,  1752 — ^November,  1753,  M'  John  Mitchelson,  in  Williams- 
burg. 

March,  1748— December,  1755,  Rev  M'  Roscon  Cole  of  Warwick 
Co. 

September,  1748 — September,  1753,  M'  Roscon  Sweny,  Hampton. 
Under  date  of  30  April,  1752,  M'  Sweny  is  recorded  as  deceased  and 
Jane  and  Roscon  Sweny  as  executors  of  his  estate. 

June  1751 — Oct.,  1754,  John  Lightfoot  Esq.,  deceased,  and  M' 
Anthony  Walke,  Prince  George.  Balance  by  William  Lightfoot  E8q^ 
Mentions  acceptance  of  Robert  RufSn's  order,  Henry  Lee's  Exchange 
on  James  Russel  and  Richard  Lee's  Exchange  on  Richard  Smith. 

August  1754 — January,  1756,  Colonel  John  Henry.  Mentions  cash 
from  M'  Miles  Cary. 

November,  1749 — ^November,  1752,  John  Henry,  Hanover.  Men- 
tions balance  by  John  and  Patrick  Henry,  and  Patrick  Henry's  bond  of 
3  November,  1752. 

November,  1752 — October,  1753,  John  and  Patrick  Henry.  John 
Henry's  Bill  of  Exchange  on  John  Backhouse  of  Liverpool,  and  on 
John  Martin  &  Co.,  Dublin,  payable  in  Whitehaven. 

June,  1751 — July  1757,  Rue  Curtis  Jun'  Spotsilvania  Co. 

June,  1751 — August,  1752,  William  Hunter,  Fredericksburg. 

June,  1751 — ^April,  1754,  Nathaniel  Harrison,  Potomock. 

June,  1751 — April,  1755,  Benjamin  Hubbard,  King  William. 

June,  1751 — April,  1757  Rev  Robert  Barres,  Hanover. 

June,  1751 — April,  1755,  Philip  Buckner,  York  River. 

June,  1751 — Kenneth  McKensie,  Surry. 


122  Notes  and  Queries. 

Clark  Family. — Mr.  James  R.  Clark,  of  Maumie,  Illinois,  whose 
ancestors  came  from  Luzerne  County,  Pennsylvania,  is  compiling  a 
genealogy  of  his  family.  There  have  been  many  persons  bearing  that 
surname,  born  in  Pennsylvania,  including  the  Hon.  William  Andrews 
Clark,  United  States  Senator  from  Montana,  whose  birth  occurred  near 
Connellsville,  Pennsylvania,  Jan.  8,  1839.  Can  his  paternal  ancestry 
be  given  by  any  correspondent  ?  Eugene  F.  McPike. 

1  Pask  Bow,  Chicago,  III. 


James  Armstrong  (pkwa.  mao.  vol.  xxIx.  p.  483.). — ^The  omission  of  a 
detail  in  my  notes  on  Captain  Armstrong  of  Lee's  Legion,  in  the  twen- 
tieth line,  page  484  of  the  October  Magazine,  seriously  affects  the 
argument  that  he  settled  in  Georgia.  The  sentence  should  read : 
"  According  to  Heitman's  Register  he  was  the  same  who  was  appointed 
Major  in  the  5th  U.  S.  Infantry,  July  12,  1799, /rom  Georgia.'*  .... 
Official  documents  also  name  Major  James  Armstrong's  residence  (1799) 
as  Georgia,  but  so  far  I  have  not  found  the  town  or  county  given.  No 
exhaustive  search,  however,  has  been  made  at  Washington  or  in  Georgia. 
Regarding  the  James  Armstrong  of  Georgia  who  received  a  vote  for 
Vice-President  in  1789,  I  may  add  that  of  the  ten  men  who  with  Wash- 
ington and  John  Adams  received  votes  in  our  first  national  election 
James  Armstrong  is  the  only  one  whose  history  is  now  unknown. 
Probably  he  is  the  only  one  who  has  ever  received  such  a  vote  whose 
identity  can  not  readily  be  established. 

F.  C.  Cochran. 

107  East  Mabshall  St., 
Ithaca,  New  Yobk. 


A  History  of  the  Philadelphia  Assemblies. — During  the 
winter  of  1748-9  six  Assemblies  were  given  in  Philadelphia.  They 
were  under  the  management  of  Lynford  Lardner,  John  Inglis,  John 
Wallace,  and  John  Swift  There  were  fifty-nine  subscribers,  and  the 
entertainment  was  simple.  John  Swift,  who  acted  as  secretary  and 
treasurer,  had  arranged,  about  1740,  a  number  of  small  dances  or  ''as- 
semblies '*  as  they  were  called  at  that  time,  at  his  own  house  and  that  of 
some  of  his  young  friends.  Since  Colonial  days  the  Assemblies  have 
been  given  with  fiur  regularity  except  when  prevented  by  war  or  other 
interruptions,  and  yearly  beginning  with  1866.  With  the  purpose  of 
writing  the  history  of  these  historic  balls,  the  oldest  in  the  country,  I 
shall  be  much  obliged  for  the  communication  of  any  facts  or  items 
relating  to  them. 

Thomas  Willing  Balch. 


Early  Alumni  of  the  University  op  Pennsylvania. — The 
difficult  task  of  the  Alumni  Catalogue  Committee  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  in  collecting  data  in  regard  to  its  graduates  of  more  than 
a  century  ago,  will  be  lightened  if  any  person  having  information  in 
regard  to  the  persons  named  below  will  send  it  at  once  to  the  Editor  of 


Notes  and  Queries. 


128 


the  Alumni  Catalogue  Committee,  Uniyenity  of  Pennsylvania,  Phila- 
delphia.   (Historical  and  Genealogical  journals  are  requested  to  copy.) 


Information  is  especially  desired 
as  to  full  name,  date  and  place  of 
death,  academic  degrees  received, 
prominent  public  offices  held,  and 
any  printed  references  to  the  men 
named. 

1790. 
John  Baldwin,  N.  J.  (?) 
William  Garder,  S.  C.  (?) 
Plunket  F.  Glentworth,  Pa. 
Thomas  [R.]  Harris,  Pa. 
Matthew  Henderson,  Va.  (?) 
Jonathan  Kearsley,  Pa. 
Samuel  Keen,  Md.  (?) 
John  Laws,  Del. 
John  Penington,  Pa. 
James  Proudfit,  Pa. 
John  Culbertson  Wallace,  Va.  (?) 

1791. 
James  Blundell,  Del. 
James  Graham,  N.  C. 
Hast.  Handy,  Va. 
George  Pfeiffer,  Pa, 

1792. 
Henry  C.  Berry. 
Henry  Colesberry,  Del. 
Ninianus  McGruder,  Md. 
Valentine  Seaman,  N.  Y. 

1798. 
John  Andrews,  Pa. 
Robert  Johnson,  Pa. 
John  Newman,  N.  C. 
MaUhias  E.  Sawyer,  N.  C. 
William  Stones,  Pa.  (?) 
James  Westwood  Wallace,  Va. 
Matthias  Williams,  Va.  (?) 

1794. 
Lewis  Condit,  N.  J. 
Thomas  Drysdale,  Md. 
John  Lamb,  Jr.,  N.  Y. 
Henry  Rose,  Va. 

1795. 
Charles  Everett,  Va. 
Benjamin  Shultz,  Pa. 
John  Willis,  Pa. 


1796. 
Thomas  Ball,  Va. 
Robert  Chisholm,  S.  C. 

1797. 
William  Alston,  S.  C. 
Robert  Black,  Pa. 
Samuel  Cooper,  Pa. 
Benjamin  DeWitt,  N.  Y. 
James  Fisher,  Del. 
Joseph  Johnson,  S.  C. 
Colin  MacKenzie,  Md. 
Edward  W.  North,  S.  C. 
John  Edmunds  Stock,  England. 
James  Walker,  Va. 
Goodridge  Wilson,  Va. 

1798. 
John  Archer,  Jr.,  Md. 
John  Claiborne,  Va. 
William  Cocke,  Ga. 
Henry  Disborough,  N.  J. 
John  Hahn,  Pa. 
James  T.  Hubbard,  Va. 
James  Stuart,  Va. 
Thomas  Triplett,  Va. 
WiUiam  Webb,  Va. 
Isaac  Winston,  Va. 

1799. 
John  Skottowe  Bellinger,  8.  C. 
Edward  Brailsford,  8.  C. 
Wm.  G.  Chalwill,  Tortohi,W.I. 
John  H.  Foushee,  Va. 
Robert  8.  King,  Md. 
Arthur  May,  Pa. 
James  Norcom,  N.  C. 
Washington  Watts,  Va. 

1800. 
James  Agnew,  N.  J. 
Robert  Berkeley,  Va. 
Joseph  Glover,  S.  C. 
John  Parker  Gough,  S.  C. 
John  McLeod,  Ga. 
Alexander  May,  Pa. 
John  Moore,  Pa. 
Frederick  Seip,  Pa. 
Edward  Darrell  Smith,  S.  C. 
Joseph  Trent,  Va. 


124  Notes  and  Queries. 

JSocR  lloticee. 

A  Series  of  Histobigal,  Bioobaphical  and  Genealogical 
Studies  in  Amebican  Histoby. — In  preparation  by  Thomas 
Forsythe  Nelson,  Washington,  D.  C. 
"A  Series  of  Historical,  Biographical  and  Grenealogical  Studies  in 
American  History  with  a  view  to  individualize  the  unselfish  patriotism 
of  those  who  laid  the  foundation  of  our  national  existence,  commencing 
with  those  events  which  led  up  through  the  Period  of  Remonstrance 
(1760-1774)  to  the  Period  of  Separation  (War  for  Independence,  1774- 
1783)  and  covering  the  Period  of  Formation  (1783-1789) ;  with  an 
analysis  of  the  individual  environment,  educiition,  association,  and 
&mily  influences  surrounding  those  who  have  left  the  imprint  of  their 
personality  upon  the  events  of  that  historic  period  (1760-1789),  and  thus 
produce  a  composite  picture  of  that  pure  American  valor,  patriotism, 
wisdom  and  dignity  which  gave  birth  to  our  American  Freedom.  The 
first  group,  that  of  the  Signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  is 
now  almost  completed  as  well  as  their  contemporaries  in  the  Continental 
Congress  from  1774  to  1783  from  the  States  of  Pennsylvania,  New 
Jersey,  Maryland  and  Virginia,  and  represents  almost  twelve  years  of 
systematic  search  into  the  family  history  of  each,  both  ancestry  and 
descendants/' 

HlfiTOBY  OF  THE  ThIBD  PENNSYLVANIA  CaVALBY,  SIXTIETH  REGI- 
MENT Pennsylvania  Volunteebs,  in  the  Amebican  Civil 
Wab,   1861-1866.     Compiled  hy  the  Regimental  History  Com- 
mittee, Captain  and  Brevet  Lieutenant-Colonel  William  Brooke 
Rawle,  Chairman.    Philadelphia.   1905.   8vo,  pp.  650.  Illustrated. 
Copies  on  sale  by  John  C.  Hunterson,  Treasurer,  No.  311  Wharton 
Street,  Philadelphia. 
This  celebrated  regiment,  well  known  as  *'Averell's  Cavalry,"  was 
the  first  volunteer  cavalry  regiment   organized   for  the  three  years 
service,  and  was  the  first  to  take  the  field.     Its  first  Company,  A,  (The 
Merchants'  Troop  of  Philadelphia),  was  mustered  into  service  July  18, 
1861,  and  the  completed  regiment  August  26  following.    The  regiment, 
or  portions  of  it,  continued  in  service  until  June  7,  1865,  when  it  was 
consolidated  into  four  companies,  which  were  temporarily  transferred 
to  the  Fifth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  for  purposes  of  final  muster  out  and 
disbandment,  which  occurred  at  Philadelphia,  August  15,  1865.    During 
the  first  three  months  of  its  existence,  the  regiment  was  known  as 
**  Young's  Kentucky  Light  Cavalry,'*  and  consequently  lost  its  preced- 
ence in  number  as  a  Pennsylvania  organization.     At  first  its  companies 
were  scattered  among  the  infantry,  doing  escort  and  orderly  duty,  and 
scouting  and  picketing,  for  Corps  and  revision  commanders,  but  were 
brought  together  in  October,  1861,  at  Camp  Marcy,  Va.,  and  reorganized 
as  the  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  under  Colonel  William  W.  Averell. 
It  led  the  advance  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  upon  the  Confederate 
works    at    Manassas.      Transferred  with  that  army  to  the  Virginia 
Peninsula,  it  again  led  the  advance  to  Great  Bethel.    It  was  actively 
engaged  throughout  the  Peninsular  Campaign,  and  was  the  last  body  of 
troops  covering  the  falling  back  of  the  Army  from  Malvern  Hill  to 
Harrison's  Landing.     In  the  Antietam  Campaign,  detached  for  service 
with  Hooker's  Corps,  it  was  the  first  force  to  develop  the  enemy's  line 
during  the  evening  before  the  Battle  of  Antietam.     After  the  briUiant 


Notes  and  Queries.  125 

series  of  cavalry  fights  along  the  Blue  Ridge  in  the  advance  of  the  Army, 
it  spent  the  arduous  winter  of  1862-63,  while  the  Army  lay  in  front  of 
Fredericksburg,  in  scouting,  reconnoitering  and  picketing,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  first  real  cavalry  fight  of  the  War,  Kelly's  Ford,  March 
17,  1863.  In  the  Gettysburg  Campaign,  beginning  with  the  cavalry 
battle  of  Brandy  Station,  in  which  the  then  newly  organized  Cavalry 
Corps  was  for  the  first  time  engaged  as  a  unit,  it  served  continuously, 
distinguishing  itself  particularly  in  the  great  cavalry  fight  on  the  right 
flank  at  Gettysburg.  Almost  unassisted  it  saved  a  large  part  of  the 
wagon  train  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  at  Yates'  Ford,  in  the  face  of 
greatly  superior  numbers  of  the  enemy  during  the  retrograde  movement 
of  October,  1863.  It  led  the  advance  of  the  left  wing  of  the  Army  in 
the  advance  upon  the  enemy *s  position  in  the  ''Mine  Bun  Campaign" 
of  November  in  the  same  year. 

The  regiment  served  with  the  Second  Cavalry  Division  under  General 
D.  McM.  Gregg  in  all  its  hard  fighting  and  arduous  campaigning  until 
the  latter  part  of  February,  1864,  when  it  was  ordered  to  duty  at  the 
Headquarters  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  in  connection  with  which, 
and  with  the  Headquarters  of  General  Grant  commanding  the  ''  Armies 
Operating  against  Richmond,"  it  served  throughout  the  Overland 
Campaign  from  the  Bapidan  to  the  James  and  the  Si^e  of  Petersburg, 
and  was  in  the  very  forefront  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  at  Lee's 
Surrender  at  Appomattox  Court  House,  after  which  it  served  in  the 
garrison  of  Richmond,  Va.,  until  its  final  disbandment. 

The  work  ia  on  a  higher  plane,  and  its  field  broader,  than  the 
generality  of  regimental  histories.  Much  material  has  been  brought 
together,  in  accessible  and  intelligent  form,  which  will  be  of  assistance 
to  students  of  the  operations  of  the  Cavalry  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
during  the  first  three  years  of  the  War,  and  to  those  interested  in  the 
personal  movements  of  Generals  Grant  and  Meade  and  their  Head- 
quarters, in  close  touch  with  which  the  [regiment  served  during  the 
entire  period  of  the  connection  of  the  former  with  that  army. 

The  make  up  of  the  book,  in  paper,  ty^te  and  binding,  with  the 
illustrations,  reflects  much  credit  on  Colonel  Rawle  and  his  Committee, 
and  we  must  also  notice  the  table  of  Contents,  arranged  as  a  chronology 
of  daily  occurrence  in  the  history  of  the  regiment,  which  makes  an  index 
superfluous. 

One  Hundred  and  Fifty  Yeabs  op  School  Histoby  in  Lan- 
CASTEB,  Pennsylvania.  By  William  Biddle,  of  Lancaster, 
Pa  1905 
For  more  than  half  a  century  the  author  of  this  work,  has  been 
identified  with  the  school  system  of  Lancaster,  as  pupil,  teacher  and 
director,  and  he  is  therefore  qualified  to  compile  this  comprehensive 
history.  He  gives  an  interesting  account  of  the  Common  School 
System  in  a  city  which  has  grown,  since  the  adoption  of  that  system, 
from  a  population  of  less  than  8000  in  1838,  to  nearly  50,000  in  1904; 
from  an  investment  of  $7000  in  school  property,  during  the  same 
period,  to  more  than  $700,000  sixty-seven  years  later ;  firom  700  pupils 
at  the  opening  of  the  schools  in  1888,  to  6000  in  1904  ;  and  ixom  16 
teachers  to  120  on  the  present  roll  of  the  Lancaster  School  Board.  He 
traces  the  development  of  the  curriculum  and  the  broadening  of  the 
courses  9f  study  ;  the  progress  that  has  been  made  in  hygiene  and  the 


126  Notes  and  Queries. 

laws  of  sanitation ;  and  contrasts  the  improvements  in  school  architec- 
ture and  apparatus.  He  has  linked  the  earlier  history  of  education  in 
Lancaster  City  and  County,  with  the  system  founded  by  the  State,  and 
emphasizes  the  fact  that  no  town  in  the  State  by  the  personality  of  its 
educators,  has  been  so  conspicuous  as  Lancaster ;  that  no  county  has 
been  better  represented  in  the  f^ork  than  by  the  Millersville  State 
Normal  School  and  Franklin  and  Marshall  College.  This  admirable 
book  ought  to  be  read  by  all  who  are  interested  in  education,  and  a 
copy  acquired  by  every  library  in  the  State.  The  author  is  to  be  con- 
gratulated on  the  production  of  a  work  which  is  so  helpful  and  valuable 
for  its  historical  research.    Seventy  plates  illustrate  the  text. 

Falckner'8  Curieuse  Nachricht  von  Pensylvania.     Amplified 
with  the  text  of  the  Original  Manuscript  in  the  Halle  Archives. 
Together  with  an  Introduction  and  English  translation  of  the  com- 
plete work.     By  Julius  Friedrich  Sachse,  Litt.D.     Philadelphia. 
1905.     8vo,  pp.  256.     Illustrated.     Price  $3. 
This  is  a  reprint  of  Falckner's    "Curieuse  Nachricht  von  Pensyl- 
vania,"  edition  of  1702,  a  publication  that  stimulated  the  great  Cerman 
emigration  to  this  province  in  the  early  years  of  the  eighteenth  century. 
The  published  version  is  printed  in  Qerman  typQ  upon  the  left-hand 
pages,  the  English  translation  on  the  opposite  pages.     All  variations  or 
omissions  from  the  original  manuscript  have  been  inserted  in  brackets. 
As  a  contribution  to  the  early  history  of  Pennsylvania  the  work  in  its  pres- 
ent form  is  very  valuable.     The  illustrations  and  maps  are  numerous, 
and  the  head-  and  tail-pieces  used  in  the  body  of  the  book,  pp.  45-245, 
are  reproductions  of  the  edition  of  1702.     The  edition,  limited  to  250 
copies,  has  been  privately  printed  for  the  author,  and  is  an  attractive 
piece  of  bookmaking. 

David  Rebs  op  Little  Creek  Hundred  ;  and  the  Descendants 

OF  John  Rees,  his  son    No  I    Pp  81 
Samuel  Griffin  of  New  Castle  County  on  Delaware,  Planter, 

AND  HIS  Descendants  to  the  Seventh  Generation    No  II 

Pp235 

Compiled  and  Published  by  Thomas  Hale  Streets,  M.D.,  U.S.N. 
Under  the  general  title  of  "Some  Allied  Families  of  Kent  County, 
Delaware,"  Dr.  Streets  has  published  the  genealogies  of  David  Rces,  and 
his  son  John  and  his  descendants,  and  Sfiumuel  Griffin  and  his  descend- 
ants to  the  seventh  generation,  both  valuable  and  acceptable  contribu- 
tions relating  to  two  Welsh  families  who  settled  on  Uie  Delaware,  in 
the  early  years  of  the  eighteenth  century.  They  are  arranged  on  an 
easy  plan,  interspersed  with  numerous  notes,  and  well  indexed. 

The  following  communication  has  been  received  from  the  compiler. 
*'  Since  this  book,  (**  David  Rees  etc.,"  p.  11.,)  was  written,  the  records 
of  the  Welsh  Tract  Baptist  Church  have  been  published  by  the  His- 
torical Society  of  Delaware,  and,  after  a  more  thorough  search  of  them 
than  I  was  able  to  make  in  the  original,  I  am  convinced  that  the  letter 
which  David  Rees  presented  to  the  Iron  Hill  meeting  was  dated  from 
the  church  of  Montgomery,  in  the  county  of  Philadelphia  (now  in  the 
county  of  Montgomery),  and  not  from  Montgomery,  Wales. 

''The  records  show  that  when  communicants  were  received  by  letter 
from  Wales,  it  was  so  entered  in  the  book,  and  when  from  a  church  in 


Notes  and  Queries.  127 

this  countiy,  the  name  of  the  church  only  is  given.  This  is  illustrated 
hy  the  following  extract :  '  Daniel  Griffith  was  received  into  communion 
by  vertue  of  a  letter  from  Montgomery,  being  dated  April  80,  1748.' 
*  Daniel  David  was  received  by  vertue  of  a  letter  from  Wales,  Nov.  4, 
1749.' 

*'  The  following  is  quoted  as  significant  of  the  location  of  the  church 
of  Montgomery.  '  John  Morgan  and  James  Williams  were  aded  one 
from  Great  Valey,  the  other  from  Montgomery,  July  3,  1757.'  It  is 
hardly  necessary  to  add  that,  the  Great  Valley  mentioned  here  is  in  the 
adjoining  county  of  Chester. 

**The  most  convincing  evidence,  however,  of  the  location  of  the 
Montgomery  mentioned  in  the  church-book,  is  shown  in  the  recorded 
movements  of  Thomas  Edmund,  and  in  his  will,  a  copy  of  which  is 
given  in  the  book.  In  1788,  Thomas  Edmund,  and  his  wife  Mary 
Edmund,  removed,  and  were  recommended  by  letter,  to  the  church  in 
'Mountgumw.'  In  1752,  they  returned  to  the  Welsh  Tract  church  at 
Iron  Hill.  In  the  will  of  Thomas  Edmond,  of  Pencader  hundred, 
New  Castle  county,  signed  6  January,  1758,  he  bequeathed  for  the 
benefit  of  the  'Baptist  Church  of  Montgomery,  in  the  county  of 
Philadelphia,  of  which  Benjamin  Griffith  is  now  minister,  two  hundred 
pounds.' 

''David  Bees  is  the  first  one  recorded  as  coming  from  Montgomery. 
The  records  show  that  seven  others  followed  him  from  there  between 
the  years  1783  and  1757." 

A  Memoir  of  the  First  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  with 
Chronological  data.     By  Rev.  Michael  Reed  Minich,  A.  M. 
Philadelphia.     1905.     8vo,  pp.  87.     Privately  printed. 
The  data  collected  relating  to  the  ancestry  of  Michael  Hillegas,  the 
first  Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  and  his  services  to  the  country  will 
be  very  helpful  to  the  future  biographer.     By  patient  research  of  the 
records  has  this  only  been  accomplished.     The  arms  of  the  family,  illu- 
minated, and  a  portrait  of  the  Treasurer  are  additions  to  the  text. 

Catalogue  of  the  Engraved  Works  of  David  Edwin.  By 
Mantle  Fielding.  Philadelphia.  1905.  Royal  4%  pp.  61. 
We  have  received  a  copy  of  this  work,  which  is  very  attractively 
gotten  up  and  usefiil  as  well.  The  edition,  privately  printed,  is  limited 
to  100  copies,  but  a  few  are  for  sale  by  J.  O.  Wright,  6  E.  Forty-second 
Street,  New  York.     Price  $8. 

A  History    op  Old  Pine  Street,   Being  the  Record  of  an 
hundred  and    forty  years  in  the  life  of  a  Colonial 
Church.    By  Rev.  Hughes  Oliphant  Gibbons.     Philadelphia. 
The  John  C.  Winston  Company.     8vo,  pp.  866. 
The  history  of  "Old  Pine  Street"  Presbyterian  Church,  the  third 
founded  in  this  city,  compiled  by  its  eighth  pastor,  has  been  received 
The  reverend  auhor  has  industriously  collected  and  admirably  presents, 
the  history  of  the  congregation  for  one  hundred  and  forty  years,  and  his 
text  IS  illustrated  with  seventy-two  full  page  portraits  of  pastors,  promi- 
nent officers  and  members,  churches,  fac  similes  of  early  documents  and 
grave  stones.     The  church  edifice  is  the  only  one  of  the  denomination 


128  Notes  and  Queries, 

preserved  in  this  city,  which  dates  from  the  colonial  period,  and  its 
cemetery  has  the  honor  of  being  the  resting  place  of  congressmen,  and 
officers  and  soldiers  of  the  Revolution.  During  the  occupation  of  the 
city  by  the  British,  a  captain  of  Tarleton's  dragoons  and  a  large  num- 
ber of  Hessian  soldiers  were  also  interred  there.  The  congregation  was 
well  represented  in  the  war  for  independence ;  its  pastor,  Rev.  Oeorge 
Duffield,  was  a  Chaplain  of  Congress ;  William  Shippen  Jr.  Director 
General  Continental  Hospitals ;  Colonels  Robert  Knox,  John  Steele, 
Oeorge  Latimer,  William  Linnard,  Paul  Cox  and  others  of  lesser  rank 
served  in  the  army.  The  preservation  of  this  old  historic  church  and 
its  cemetery,  should  be  a  matter  of  pride  to  all  Presbyterians  and  patriotic 
citizens. 

Lieut.  Col.  Jaoob  Reed.      Proceedings  at  the  Dedication  of  the 
Monument  erected  to  his  memory  in  Franconia  township,  Penna, 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Montgomery  County, 
Penna.,  Oct.  8  1901.     Norristown.     1905.     8vo,  pp.  198. 
This  volume  gives  the  papers  read  at  the  Fall  Meeting  of  the  Histor- 
ical Society  of  Montgomery  County,  in  Emmanuel's  (Leidy's)  Union 
Church.     They  are,  **  Lieut.  Col.  Jacob  Reed,  of  Hatfield  Township,'' 
by  Dr.  W.  H.  Reed;  Extracts  from  the  Dedicatory  Address  by  Rev. 
B.  F.  Luckenbill;  '*He  fought  with  Washington,"  an  original  poem 
by  Mrs.  Findley  Broden;  "The  Leidy  Family,''  by  Dr.  Reed;  ** His- 
tory of   Leedy's  Church,"    by  Joseph  Proctor;     ''Private  Burying 
Grounds  of  Franconia  Township,"  by  John  D.  Souder;  "Indian  Creek 
Reformed  Church,''  by  Dr.  Reed;  and  "Hatfield  Township,"  by  Ed- 
ward Matthews.     The  book  is  liberally  illustrated,  and  an  acceptable 
contribution  to  local  history. 

Valley  Foboe — A  Chronicle  of  Amebican  Heboism  By  Frank 
H  Taylor  Philadelphia  1905  8vo,  pp.  120. 
This  attractive  monograph  has  been  issued  under  the  direction  of 
The  Valley  Forge  Park  Commission  of  Pennsylvania.  The  illustrations, 
which  are  numerous,  comprise  portraits  of  the  commanders  of  the  Bri- 
gades and  Divisions,  with  their  headquarters,  who  were  with  Washington 
at  the  encampment,  and  an  excellent  map,  with  the  locations  of  the 
various  camps  is  appended.  The  "Explanatory  Notes"  comprise  the 
most  reliable  data  extant,  some  of  it  published  for  the  first  time.  The 
compiler  must  be  congratulated  on  the  thoroughness  of  his  researches 
among  the  documents  of  those  who  were  participants  in  or  ?dtnesses 
of  the  events  that  transpired  at  Valley  Forge. 


•••  •       •  •  • 


^^^^y^^  c^yliC.-^ 


,^"i^- — 


^ 


THE 

PENNSYLVANIA    MAGAZINE 


OF 


HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 

Vol.  XXX.  1906.  No.  2. 

THE  SWIFT  FAMILY  OF  PHILADELPHIA. 

BT  THOMAS  WILLING   BALCH. 

The  early  settlers  of  the  Middle  colonies,  unlike  Vir- 
ginia and  her  neighbors  to  the  southward,  or  New  England 
in  the  northeast,  were  not  of  a  homogeneous  stock,  and  the 
colonial  immigration  to  Pennsylvania  probably  was  more 
diversified  than  that  of  any  other  of  the  British  North 
American  colonies.  The  valley  of  the  Delaware  was  occu- 
pied first  by  the  Swedes,  then  by  the  Dutch,  and  finally  by 
the  English.  All  three  of  those  nationalities  contributed 
their  quota  to  the  make-up  of  the  population  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. AJfter  the  control  of  the  Province  had  passed  into 
English  hands  there  was  a  large  immigration  into  Pennsyl- 
vania of  yet  another  race  from  the  Palatinate  in  the  valley 
of  the  Rhine,  known  locally  as  Pennsylvania  Dutch.  Even 
the  so-called  English  element  was  much  diversified  in  its 
make-up.  Contingents  of  Scotch,  Welsh  and  Scotch-Lish 
all  settled  in  Pennsylvania.  The  pure  English  were  largely 
Quakers  in  their  religious  belief,  though  there  was  a  fair 
sprinkling  of  members  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  a 
few  Catholics,  who  left  their  country  to  seek  new  homes  in 
the  Commonwealth  established  here  by  William  Penn. 

Among  the  adherents  of  the  English  Church  who  set- 
VOL.  XXX. — 9  (129) 


130  The  Sicift  Family  of  Philadelphia. 

tied  in  Philadelphia  in  colonial  days  were  two  brothers, 
John  Swift  and  Joseph  Swift,  and  their  sister,  Mary  Swift.^ 

Their  father,  John  Swift.,  brought  them  from  Bristol, 
England,  about  1737  or  1738,  to  place  them  in  the  care  of 
their  uncle,  John  White,  a  successftil  merchant  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  then  returned  to  England.  John  White,  an  Eng- 
lishman by  birth,  had  formed  a  partnership  with  Abram 
Taylor,  a  fellow-countryman,  as  early  as  1724.*  In  their 
commercial  undertakings  they  were  very  successful, 
and  John  White,  with  a  view  of  offering  a  better  business 
opening  to  the  children  of  'his  sister,  invited  them  to 
Philadelphia. 

John  White  in  1741  returned  to  his  native  land,  leav- 
ing his  nephews  and  nieces  in  the  care  of  his  partner.  He 
established  himself  at  first  at  Bristol  and  afterwards,  when 
he  had  retired  from  business,  at  Croydon  in  Surrey.  His 
portrait  by  Sir  Godfrey  Kneller  is  still  in  the  family. 

^  In  preparing  this  article  much  valuable  information  was  found  in  : 
"Letters  and  Papers  relating  chiefly  to  the  Provincial  History  of 
Pennsylvania,  with  some  notices  of  the  Writers/'  by  Thomas  Balch, 
Philadelphia,  1855  :  '<  Edward  Shippen/'  by  Elise  Willing  Balch  in 
Charles  P.  Keith's  ''Provincial  Coimcilers  of  Pennsylvania,"  Philadel- 
phia, 1888  :  and  **  Genealogy  of  the  Kollock  Family  of  Sussex  County, 
Delaware,  1657-1897,"  by  Edwin  Jaquett  Sellers,  Philadelphia,  1897. 
See  also  The  Pennsylvania  Magazine  of  Histoby  and  Biogra- 
phy, October,  1904,  for  an  article  on  "The  English  Ancestors  of  the 
Shippen  Family." 

'  In  a  deed,  dated  at  Philadelphia  the  27th  day  of  July,  1741,  John 
White  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  Merchant  of  the  first  and  Abram  Tay- 
lor of  the  said  City  Merchant  of  the  second  part  agreed  "  WHEREAS,  a 
copartnership  and  Joint-trade  was  entered  into  by  and  between  the 
said  parties  to  these  presents  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1724  as  Merchant 
Adventurers,  which  they,  the  said  parties,  have  ever  since  until  the  date 
hereof  carried  on  by  the  name  and  title  of  White  and  Taylor,  ♦  ♦  ♦  ♦ 
And  the  said  John  White  being  minded  shortly  to  remove  out  of  the 
said  Province  into  the  part  of  Great  Britain,"  Ac.,  Ac.  John  White 
for  a  consideration  of  £7000  Stirling  conveyed  to  Abram  Taylor  all  his 
rights  &C.  to  all  lands  goods  &c.  purchased  with  funds  arising  from  the 
said  copartnership.  Becorder  of  Deeds,  Philadelphia,  "Book  G  2  " 
page  468. 


The  Swift  Family  of  Philadelphia.  131 

On  October  20, 1741,  Abram  Taylor  wrote  from  Phila- 
delphia to  John  White  at  Bristol  in  England:  "Every- 
thing here  is  just  as  it  used  to  be  at  this  season  of  the  year 
and  the  generality  appear  much  the  same  as  when  you  left 
us.  But  to  one  who  has  parted  with  an  acquaintance,  with 
whom  he  has  had  the  strictest  Intimacy,  and  the  most  sin- 
cere Friendship  for  so  great  a  number  of  years,  things 
appear  with  a  very  different  face.  Pray  remember  us  all 
in  the  kindest  manner  to  Jack  Swift."  * 

Again  ten  days  later  Taylor  wrote  to  White :  "  Thank 
God  we  are  at  present,  well,  which  I  know  will  give  you 
pleasure  to  hear,  aa  I  assure  you,  it  would  afford  the  great- 
est to  me  to  have  the  same  account  from  you  and  that  your 
voyage  has  been  agreeable  to  you." 

The  inventory  of  Mr.  White's  furniture  when  he  was 
living  at  Croydon,  in  County  Surrey,  England,  is  of  interest 
in  showing  the  household  belongings  of  an  English  mer- 
chant of  the  eighteenth  century : 

**One  Pair  of  sauce  boats  for  Mr.  John  Swift,  thirty-four  ounces  ; 
Twenty  Neckcloths ;  Two  half-pint  Mugs;  One  Pint  Do.,  Two  small 
Waiters ;  One  Large  Waiter ;  One  Pair  Salts  &  Shovels  ;  One  Pepper 
box  ;  One  smoking  Candlestick  ;  One  Pap  boat ;  Twelve  Table  Spoons  ; 
One  Narrow  Spoon  ;  One  Punch  Spoon ;  One  Soup  Spoon  ;  One  Punch 
Ladle  ;  Three  Bottle  Ladles  ;  One  Coffee  Pot ;  One  Tea  Canister  ;  Eight 
Tea  Spoons  ;  One  Strainer  ;  One  Pair  Tea  ;  One  Silver  Milk  Pot ;  The 
weight  of  the  above  one  hundred  and  thirty  eight  ounces.  7%e  above 
for  Mr.  Joseph  Swift, 

''Joseph  Swift's  Picture  &  Small  Landscape  &  Six  Prints  and  cut- 
tings for  Mr.  Joseph  Swift. 

''Two  Dozen  Pewter  Plates,  six  soup  plates  and  nine  dishes  for  Mr. 
Joseph  Swift.     Likewiee  my  2vo  Bible, 

"A  Pair  of  Spectacles  for  Mr.  John  Swift,  &  my  Blue  Great  Coat 
for  John  Swift. 

"  John  Swift's  Picture  &  my  own  for  Mr.  John  Swift. 

"  Six  Damask  Napkins  &  Six  shirts  mark'd  from  twenty  to  twenty- 
six.  My  best  suit  of  Cloathes  Black  Velvet  waistcoat  and  Breeches  and 
my  Night  Grown  for  Mr.  John  Swift. 

"  One  eight  Day  Clock,  one  Comer  Cupboard,  one  Pier  Glass,  One 

^  Probably  some  information  could  be  found  at  Bristol  about  the 
Swifts. 


132  The  Swift  Family  of  PhUadelphia. 

Mahogany  Dining  Table,  one  Pigeon- Wood  Tea  Chest,  six  chain  with 
Silk  Damaflk  seats,  one  Elbow  Chair,  one  Grate,  Shovel,  Tongs  Poker 
&  Fender,  one  Dozen  Blue  and  White  China  Plates,  six  Japan  Do. ,  six 
cups  &  saucers,  six  Do.,  one  Dozen  Wine  &  Two  Beer  Glasses,  Four 
Glass  Tumblers,  six  wine  glasses,  a  Two  quart  China  Bowl,  Two  Blue  & 
White  Do.,  One  Mahogany  Tea-board,  six  Black  handle  knives  and  six 
Forks,  A  Parcel  of  Ivory  handle  Desert  Knives  &  Forks,  one  Coffee 
Mill,  one  Pepper  Mill,  A  Mahogany  Claw  Table. 
<<In  the  Red  Room. 

*' A  Feather  Bed,  Bolster  &  Two  Down  Pillows,  Four  Blankets,  two 
Cotton  Counterpanes,  a  Bedstead  with  sacking  Bottom  &  Mahogany 
feet  Posts,  Harrateen  Curtains  and  Two  Window  Curtains,  Double  Chest 
of  Drawers  with  a  Mahogany  Front.  Four  Cherry  Tree  Chairs,  a  Ma- 
hogany Night  Chair,  a  Brass  Hearth,  Brass  Shovel,  Tongs,  Poker,  & 
Fender,  Three  Chintz  Curtains,  a  Side  Carpet  in  the  Red  Room. 
''In  the  Blue  Room. 

"  A  Feather  Bed,  Bolster  &  Two  Pillows,  Four  Blankets  and  a  blue 
and  white  callicoe  Coverlid,  A  Bedstead  &  Blue  Curtains,  A  Bedside 
Carpet,  Two  Window  Curtains,  a  Wainscot  Desk,  a  Looking  Glass,  Four 
Chairs  &  a  Trunk. 

*' In  the  Kitchen. 

**A  Plate  warmer,  a  Grate  with  Iron  Back,  Shovel,  Tongs,  Poker 
&  Fender,  an  Iron  Crane,  Two  Double  Box  Irons  &  Four  Beaters,  two 
Spits  &  a  Cook-hold,  Four  Brass  Candlesticks,  a  Tinder-Box,  a  Spice- 
box,  a  Pair  Window  Curtains,  a  small  Wainscot  Table,  two  Copper 
boiling  Pots  &  Covers,  a  Stewpan  &  Frying  Pan,  one  Preserving  Pan, 
Four  Sauce-pans,  two  Cushions,  one  Ironing  board  with  Iron  Legs,  Spit 
racks.  Meat  screen.  Dripping  Pan  &  Hand  Jack  &  Warming  Pan. 

**  My  Quarto  Bible  to  Joseph  Swift,  a  green  Cloth  for  a  Table. 
«' In  the  Cellar. 

''Six  twelve  Gallon  Casks  iron  bound,  one  Twenty  Gallon  Cask, 
Iron  bound.  Three  stands,  a  small  Deal  Binn. 
"  In  the  Brewhouse. 

"A  copper  weight  561b.  &  Iron  work,  a  stand  &  Cooler,  Bottlerack, 
a  Chicken  Coop,  a  Watering  Pot,   a  Parcel  of  Baskets,  a  Ladder,  a 
Horse  for  beating  Cloathes  &  a  Plate  rack,  4  doz.  Bottles. 
"  In  the  Garret. 

"  A  new  Partition  &  New  Door.     Four  Cloathes  Posts. 
**  In  the  Parlour. 

"A  Floorcloth. 

"It  is  my  will  and  desire  that  everything  in  this  House,  besides 
what  is  bequeathed,  be  sold  by  Auction,  upon  the  Premises  by  Moyce  & 
Fry,  h,  I  appoint  Grosvenor  Bedford  £sq^,  &  Chas.  Bedford,  his  son, 
my  whole  and  sole  executors,  h  I  desire  that  Mrs.  Alice  Young  of 


TTu  Swift  Family  of  Philadelphia.  138 

Croydon  be  so  far  my  Executrix  as  to  be  impowered  to  take  into  her 
possession  a  marriage  Bond  &  Testament  between  her  son  in  law  Carew 
Saunders  of  Croydon,  Attorney  at  law,  &  Sarah  his  wife. 

**80  July  1767. 

*'SignM  at  Croydon. 

**  John  White. 
"  The  beforementioned  things  to  be  sold  to  pay  any  Funeral  ex- 
pences,  which  I  desire  may  be  plain  and  neat  &  Performed  by  John 
Stedwicky  one  Hearse  &  one  Coach.    Here  lie  the  remains  of  John 

White  of  Croydon,  who  departed  this  Life Aged & 

I  desire  that  my  two  Friends,  Chas.  &  BichD.  Bedford  may  attend  my 
Funeral,  &  the  Overplus  to  be  paid  to  Groevr.  Bedford. 

"John  White.'*' 

John  and  Joseph  Swift,  and  their  sister  Mary,  were  the 
children  of  John  Swift  and  Mary  White,  his  wife.  John 
was  born  in  1720,  Mary  in  1726,'  and  Joseph  on  June  24, 
1781.»  They  were  all  born  in  England.  In  1740,  John  Swift, 
who  was  a  young  gentleman  fond  of  society,  arranged  a 
number  of  dancing  parties  or  "  assemblies,**  as  they  were 
called  at  that  time.  In  1748  he  went  back  to  England  to 
join  his  uncle,  where  he  remained  until  1747,  when  he  re- 
turned to  Philadelphia.  In  this  city  he  became  a  success- 
ful merchant  and  a  prominent  and  influential  individual  in 

'  John  White's  arms  as  painted  on  his  china  and  engrayed  on  the  ail- 
yer,  are : — Qules,  a  bordure  sable  charged  with  eight  estoiles  or ;  on  a 
canton  ermines,  a  lion  rampant  sable.  Crest, — On  the  china,  an  oe- 
^ch,  but  on  the  silyer  a  stork. 

The  coat  of  arms  of  the  Swifts  was  : — Or,  a  chev.  barry  nebulae  ar. 
and  az.  between  three  rebucks  courant  ppr. 

'  Mary  Swift;  married  Matthias  Keen,  September  1,  1748  (Trinity 
Church  Register). 

*  In  a  letter  dated  at  Philadelphia,  September  29,  1748,  Abram 
Taylor  writes  to  "Mr.  John  White,  Croydon,  Surrey,  Engd,"  as 
follows : 

''Yesterday,  I  saw  Bich^  Martin,  who  acquainted  me  that  a  few 
days  before  one  of  your  nieces  was  married  to  the  Brother  of  his  son's 
wife.  He  says  it  is  a  yery  good  match,  and  I  sincerely  wish  them  and 
you  joy  of  it ;  he  promised  to  send  you  a  Letter  of  it."  From  this  letter 
it  would  seem  that  there  was  another  sister,  who  died  young.  Thb 
Pennsylvania  Magazine  of  Histoby  and  Biography,  Vol.  V.  p. 
480. 


134  The  Sioift  Family  of  Philadelphia. 

the  aflFairs  and  the  social  life  of  the  town.  He  was  elected 
to  the  City  Councils,  and  was  appointed  by  the  Crown  Col- 
lector of  the  Port,  1762-72 ;  after  that  he  was  known  as  "  the 
Old  Collector."  In  the  winter  of  1748-9  he  was  primarily 
instrumental,  together  with  Lynford  Lardner,  also  an  Eng- 
lishman, and  John  Wallace  and  John  Inglis,  both  Scotch- 
men, in  planning  and  organizing  a  series  of  dancing  parties, 
known  as  the  "Assemblies." 

Thus  was  inaugurated  a  long  series  of  balls  that  have 
become  historic  in  the  annals  of  Philadelphia,  and  are 
known  to-day  as  "  The  Philadelphia  Assemblies."  During 
the  winter  of  1748-9,  six  Assemblies  were  given  under  the 
management  of  four  Directors :  Lynford  Lardner,  John  Ing- 
lis, John  Wallace  and  John  Swift.  There  is  a  tradition  in 
the  Swift  family  that  has  come  down  in  two  different  lines 
that  the  first  meeting  at  which  the  Assemblies  originated 
was  held  at  John  Swift's  house.  There  were  fifty-nine  sub- 
scribers in  all,  and  as  an  invitation  was  extended  to  the 
fiEunily  of  every  head  of  a  family  who  subscribed,  probably 
some  two  hundred  persons  were  eligible  to  attend  the 
dances.  The  subscription  was  two  pounds  sterling.  Three 
manuscript  relics  of  those  gay  festivities  have  come  down 
to  us :  the  rules  to  govern  the  dances,  the  list  of  the  orig- 
inal subscribers,  and  the  Treasurer's  Account-book.  Except 
the  signatures  of  the  subscribers  all  three  documents  are  in 
the  handwriting  of  John  Swift.  In  1879,  Mr.  Charles 
Swift  Riche  Hildeburn,  a  descendant  of  John  Swift,  the 
Manager  and  Treasurer,  and  Mr.  Richard  Penn  Lardner,  a 
descendant  of  the  first  Lynford  Lardner,  the  Manager,  pre- 
sented to  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  two  of 
these  three  documents.  Mr.  Hildeburn  gave  the  rules  to 
govern  the  dances,  and  Mr.  Lardner  gave  the  list  of  the 
original  subscribers.  In  1902  Mr.  Edwin  Swift  Balch  and 
Mr.  Thomas  Willing  Balch  presented  their  great-great- 
grand-uncle's  Account-book  to  the  American  Philosophical 
Society. 

The  Account-book  is  small   and   thin,  and    Mr.  Swift 


The  Swift  Family  of  Philadelphia.  185 

used  it  originally  for  some  of  his  own  accounts,  and  for 
some  land  transactions  for  his  younger  brother,  Joseph. 
On  one  cover  he  wrote :  "  Account  book,  1746."  When  the 
Assemblies  were  instituted  and  his  fellow-managers  chose 
him  the  Treasurer,  he  turned  to  the  other  end  of  his  little 
Account-book,  and  there  kept  the  "  Assembly  Account." 
Owing  to  age  and  neglect,  the  Account-book  is  much  worn 
and  somewhat  injured.  But  now  it  has  been  treated  by  an 
expert,  and  every  sheet  covered  with  silk  so  as  to  guard  it 
against  any  future  weathering  of  time. 

An  examination  of  the  Account-book  shows  that  the  six 
Assemblies  of  1748-9  were  fieur  less  costly  than  the  two 
large  balls  that  were  until  recently  given  annually  at  the 
Academy  of  Music,  and  now  at  the  Bellevue-Stratford ;  or, 
for  that  matter,  even  the  three  balls  that  were  held 
each  season  about  fifly-five  years  ago  at  Musical  Fund 
Hall.  The  Managers  of  the  first  Assemblies  had  to  pay 
a  tax,  both  to  the  city  and  to  the  county,  as  may  be  seen 
by  turning  to  Mr.  Swift's  Account-book,  but  as  the 
book  is  there  somewhat  torn,  it  is  impossible  to  know  how 
much. 

From  the  time  the  Assemblies  were  first  organized  to  the 
present,  they  have  continued  with  pretty  general  regularity 
except  when  interrupted  by  war  or  other  events.  They 
have  been  held  in  various  places,  and  the  names  on  the  list 
of  subscribers  have  changed  much.  Many  of  the  Quaker 
families — such  as  the  Bawles,  the  Norrises,  the  Logans,  the 
Whartons,  etc. — that  owing  to  their  faith  kept  aloof  at  first 
firom  such  gay  and  frivolous  pastimes,  later  joined  in  with 
the  Shippens,  the  Willings,  the  Swifts,  the  McCalls,  the 
Hopkinsons,  the  Lardners,  the  Francises,  the  Bonds,  the 
Lawrences,  and  others  who  were  among  the  first  list  of 
subscribers.  And  many  of  the  old  names,  alas !  have  died 
out 

On  October  4, 1757,  John  Swift  was  elected  a  Common 
Councilman  of  Philadelphia,  and  so  continued  to  serve 
until  about  the  end  of  1764  and  in  that  office  devoted  much 


136  The  Swift  FamUy  of  Philadelphia. 

time  to  the  service  of  the  city.*  In  1762  he  was  appointed 
by  the  Crown  Collector  of  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  and 
during  the  ten  years  that  he  served  in  that  office,  a  large 
part  of  his  time  was  occupied  in  preventing  the  landing  of 
cargoes  without  the  payment  of  duties.  He  had  to  cope 
with  all  sorts  of  subterfuges  on  the  part  of  the  smugglers 
in  their  attempts  to  avoid  the  payment  of  duties.  For  ex- 
ample, sometimes  the  clearance  papers  were  altered  during 
the  voyage.  And  on  two  occasions  the  smugglers  resorted 
to  acts  of  piracy  in  the  Delaware  River  to  accomplish  their 
purpose,  as  some  of  the  following  letters  from  his  corre- 
spondence in  the  collections  of  The  Historical  Society  of 
Pennsylvania  show. 

"  Th  The  Honourable  ChmmiBsioners  of  £Rs  Majesty's  Oustoms  in  Ameriea.* 

''HOKOUSABLE  GeNT**. 


"In  your  letter  of  the  14th  August  your  Honours  are  pleased  to  say 
'That  it  is  the  Merchants  business  to  put  the  goods  into  the  Scales.' 
We  wish  your  Honours  had  been  pleased  to  point  out  the  Law  that 
obliges  them  to  do  it,  because  they  are  an  obstinate  sett  of  People,  and 
we  might  as  well  pretend  to  make  them  change  their  Religion  as  do  any 
thing  of  this  Kind  which  they  think  they  ought  not  to  do.  This  is  a 
matter  of  little  consequence  and  in  our  opinion  not  worth  contending 
with  them  about.  The  Principal  thing  is  to  have  the  Goods  honestly 
weighed.  If  we  employ  the  Porters,  they  will  be  in  our  Interest,  if  the 
Merch^.  employ  them,  they  will  be  in  theirs,  and  your  Honours  may 
easily  conceive  that  in  weighing  a  Cargo  of  Sugar  it  may  be  in  the  power 
of  the  Porters  to  cheat  the  King  of  more  than  all  their  Wages  will  come 
to.  The  Officers  of  the  Customs  are  but  few,  &  they  have  to  contend 
with  the  whole  Body  of  Merch^,  many  of  whom  think  it  no  crime  to 
cheat  the  King  of  his  Duties.  If  therefore  we  can  at  a  small  expence 
make  friends,  even  of  Porters,  we  think  it  will  not  be  bad  policy  to  do  it. 
The  difference  between  employing  them  to  put  the  weights  in  &  out  of 
the  Scales  &  doing  the  whole  business,  will  be  very  inconsiderable,  if 
any.     The  Inspector  General  saw  the  difficulties  that  would  arise  about 

^ ''  Minutes  of  the  Common  Council  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  1704 
to  1776,"  Philadelphia,  1847,  pp.  621,  708. 

'  '<  Custom  House  Papers,  Philadelphia,"  Volume  X.,  May  1769- 
Nov.  1770.     The  King's  Commissioners  were  at  Boston. 


TTu  Swift  FamUy  of  Philadelphia.  187 

this  matter  before  he  went  from  hence/ &  he  promised  to  represent  them 
to  your  Honours,  when  he  got  to  Boston  ;  and  in  the  mean  time  (that 
there  might  be  no  interruption  of  business)  he  order* d  us  to  pay  the 
Porters  at  the  rates  that  Allen  had  paid  them,  which  was  9^  p.  Hhd. 
We  haye  lately  had  several  Cargos  of  Sugar  landed  here,  and  we  were 
obliged  to  engage  to  pay  the  Porters  for  weighing  them,  or  they  would 
never  haye  been  weighed.  We  got  it  done  for  6^  Curry,  p.  Hhd.,  which 
we  hope  your  Honours  will  have  no  objection  to  allowing  us  in  our 
account  of  Incidents,  and  we  do  not  see  how  we  can  possibly  avoid  con- 
tinuing this  practice.  It  is  a  dangerous  thing  for  officers  of  the  Customs 
to  insist  upon  any  thing  of  this  kind  that  they  have  no  law  to  support 
them  in.  Suppose  the  Duties  pd.  &  a  permit  granted  for  landing  a  cargo 
of  Sugars ;  they  are  accordingly  landed.  The  MerchS  refuses  to  put 
them  into  the  Scale,  the  officer  says  he  will  not  weigh  them  unless  they 
are  put  into  the  Scale,  nor  suffer  them  to  be  taken  off  the  Wharfa. 
There  they  lie,  night  comes  on  &  the  Goods  are  Stolen.  Query.  Whose 
loss  would  it  be?  Or  if  the  Merch\  should  take  them  away  by  force, 
what  remedy  would  the  Officer  haye?  We  think  it  best  to  avoid  con- 
tentions of  this  kind,  where  the  object  is  not  worth  contending  for.  It 
has  happened  once  before,  since  M'.  Williams  went  away,  and  is  the  case 
at  this  present  time,  that  we  have  fiye  or  six  Vessels  discharging  dutiable 
Goods  on  the  same  day.  It  was  not  possible  for  M'.  Smith  to  attend 
them  all.  We  were  therefore,  obliged  to  employ  M^  Allen  to  assist  him, 
and  having  only  one  Beam  A  weights,  we  were  obliged  to  hire  two  others 
for  the  purpose  of  weighing  the  Sugar.  As  it  was  necessary  for  the 
service  of  the  Revenue,  we  hope  your  Honours  will  have  no  objection  to 
allowing  what  was  paid. 

''We  were  in  hopes  that  M'.  Williams  would  have  prevailed  on  your 
Honours  to  have  made  M^  Smith  the  usual  allowance  of  8^  p.  Cask  for 
gauging  &  6^  for  weighing  over  &  above  his  Salary  as  Land  Waiter.  It 
is  a  place  of  great  trust,  he  is  an  honest  man,  is  indefifttigable  in  his 
Duty,  and  deserves  encouragement  Fifty  pounds  a  year  is  but  a  poor 
living  in  this  Country  for  a  man  who  ought  to  make  some  little  appear- 
ance to  support  the  dignity  of  his  office. 

**  We  find  that  Keeping  a  Custom  H^  Boat  is  attended  with  consider- 
able expence,  and  we  b^  to  know  whether  we  are  to  answer  all  M'. 
Boss's  Bills  for  Keeping  her  in  repair.  Sometime  ago  he  had  the  misfort- 
une to  run  foul  of  a  Schooner  in  the  Bay,  and  lost  his  Boat ;  he  repre- 
sented that  another  was  absolutely  necessary,  &  we  therefore  consented 
to  his  purchasing  one,  which  he  has  done  ;  the  cost  was  Six  pounds  ten 
shillings,  besides  Oars  etc.  We  have  paid  several  small  Bills,  which 
we  thought  were  necessary.  We  beg  your  Honours  will  be  pleased  to 
let  us  know  whether  we  have  done  right  or  not.  M'.  Williams  directed 
that  the  Tidesmen  who  go  with  M'.  Boss  in  the  boat  are  to  be  paid 


138  The  Swift  Family  of  Philadelphia. 

their  18*  Sterg.  p.  day  while  they  are  upon   that   service,  which  we 

have  accordingly  paid. 

♦  ♦♦♦♦«♦ 

**Weare 

"Honourable  Gent" 

**  Your  Most  Obedient 

**  Humble  Senrants 
*'J.  S. 
"P.  S.     We  are  in  want  of  another  set  of  Instruments  for  gauging ; 
they  are  not  to  be  got  here. 
"  Custom  H».  PhiladV 

**Aug».  23'*,  1769'' 

Thifl  letter  is  addressed  to  John  Swift,  Collector  of  the 
Port  of  Philadelphia,  by  John  Hatton,  Collector  for  the 
district  of  Salem  and  Cohansy. 

•'CUOTOM  House  pob  Salkm  &,  Cohakbt* 
**  AT  Caps  Mat,  Noykmbkb  9^,  177D. 

"  Sib  : 

''There  arriyed  in  this  Bay  on  Monday  evening  last  a  large  Ship 
which  from  the  best  Information  I  can  get  is  from  Liverpoole  or  London- 
derry, her  name  was  formerly  the  King  George,  but  now  is  the  Prince  of 
Wales  commanded  by  Cap^.  Crawford,  which  Ship  was  met  by  several 
pilot  boats,  who  immediately  set  to  unload  her,  on  which  I  got  about 
eight  men,  and  manned  two  wherries,  &,  rowed  down  to  her  about  ten 
miles.  We  rowed  on  each  side  of  the  Ship  with  our  two  Boats,  as  soon 
as  they  perceived  us  they  threw  overboard  a  great  quantity  of  Bales  &, 
casks  of  Clarett  or  Bed  wine,  which  casks  they  bilged.  When  we  came 
near,  they  called  out  to  me,  &,  bid  me  stand  off,  or  they  would  sink  me, 
and  they  manned  their  Sides  with  Swivels,  Guns,  Peteraroes,  Blunder- 
busses, &,  Musketts,  and  declared  they  would  murder  us.  I  parlied  with 
them  about  an  Hour,  but  could  get  no  Information  from  them,  they  had 
a  pilot  boat  along  side  which  they  Mann'd,  which  Boat  was  deeply  laden, 
and  I  suppose  they  are  in  Number  about  Fifty  Persons  ;  finding  I  could 
not  board  them,  I  then  set  out  for  another  pilot  Boat  I  saw  about  four 
miles  off,  which  I  supposed  belonged  to  them.  They  then  manned  their 
Barge  &  after  us,  as  soon  as  we  reached  the  Pilot  Boat  I  jumped  on 
board,  then  my  Son  and  Negro  got  in,  the  Pilot  &  me  set  to  scuffle,  my 
Son  open'd  her  Hatches,  and  said  she  was  full  of  goods  such  as  Bales  & 
Casks  etc.  I  then  legally  seized  her  &  set  the  two  Pilotts  &  then  my 
Boy  in  my  Boat  to  be  put  on  Shore  by  my  american  men  who  would  not 
stay  any  longer.     We  then  weighed  anchor  and  made  Sail,  but  there 

*  '<  Custom  House  Papers,  Philadelphia,''  Volume  X.,  May  1769- 
Nov.  1770. 


The  Swift  Family  of  FkOadelphia.  139 

being  no  wind,  their  barge  soon  came  up  with  the  man  who  caird  him- 
self Captain,  &  eight  more  men  arm'd  with  a  Mosquett,  Patteraro  Qun, 
Swords  &  axes,  and  threatned  us  with  Death  if  we  would  not  Surrender. 
We  stood  on  the  side  of  the  Boat  to  meet  them  when  they  began  their 
assault  and  endeavored  to  board  us,  but  with  our  Guns  &  Swords  we  beat 
them  off  for  about  an  hour  and  a  half,  but  my  Negro  being  Knocked 
down  they  boarded  us  when  we  put  down  our  arms,  and  I  said 
'Gentlemen,  we  submitt.'  Then  they  took  up  our  guns  &  with  them 
A  their  Swords  &  axes  beat  &  wounded  us  in  a  most  inhuman  manner, 
riffling  our  Pocketts,  taking  from  me  one  riffle  Pistol,  four  Dollars  and 
my  Shoe  buckles  &  some  other  trifles.  With  great  intreates  we  got  them 
to  leave  off,  &  my  son  and  me  got  on  Shore,  leaving  my  Negro  and 
three  Guns,  two  Hangers  &  several  other  things  behind  us  which  they 
would  keep.  I  despair  of  my  Negro's  life,  and  am  dangerously  wounded 
myself,  as  the  Bearer  my  Son  (who  is  the  least  wounded)  can  testify. 
It  now  being  night  they  took  the  Pilot  Boat  with  my  N^o  up  to  the 
Ship,  and  took  him  on  board  her,  where  the  captain  and  others  sett  on 
him  again,  but  towards  morning  they  put  him  on  Shore  ;  he  informs  me 
they  had  a  great  quantity  of  valuable  goods  on  board ;  the  two  Pilot 
boats  before  mentioned  were  to  sail  the  next  Tide  up  the  Delaware.  I 
am  not  able  to  write  or  travel,  therefore  my  Son  writes  &  comes  with 
this  tho'  in  a  poor  condition.  The  Pilot  on  board  of  the  Ship  who 
pointed  the  Patteraro  at  me  &  swore  he  would  murder  me  was  one 
Jeddediah  Mills  a  neighbour  of  mine,  &  part  owner  of  the  boat  I 
seized,  the  other  Pilot  boat  which  lay  along  side  belonged  to  another 
neighbour  of  mine,  one  Seletheall  Forster. 

"  This  is  a  just  information  of  the  proceedings  of 
*'Sir 

''Your  most  obedient  humble  Serv^ 

**  John  Hatton,  Coll'." 

In  the  following  letter  John  Swift  reported  to  the  King's 
Commissioners  at  Boston  this  act  of  piracy : — 

Philadklphia,  Not.  16th,  1770.> 
"HONOUBABLE  GeKTLEMEK 

'*  I  herewith  enclose  a  Letter  which  was  delivered  me  by  M'.  Hatton* s 
Son,  on  Monday  evening  the  12^  instant  just  after  his  arrival  in  town. 
He  was  in  a  sad  condition,  he  had  one  cut  on  the  inside  of  his  wrist  an 
inch  A  a  half  long  A  very  deep,  but  the  Sinews  are  not  cut ;  and  two 
cuts  on  his  head,  one  of  two  inches  long  and  the  other  an  inch  &  a  half, 
A  both  to  the  bone.     The  Vessel  lus  complaint  was  against  had  got  here 

*  **  Custom  House  Papers,  Philadelphia,"  Volume  X.,  May  1769- 
Nov.  1770. 


140  The  Swift  Family  of  PhUadelphia. 

before  Inm,  and  was  entered  from  Liverpoole  with  7188  Bushels  of  Salt 
&  24^  Chaldrons  of  Coal.  I  do  not  apprehend  that  her  breaking  bulk 
at  Sea  and  putting  Goods  on  board  the  Pilot  Boat  makes  her  liable  to 
any  penalty ;  the  Goods  taken  out  &  the  Boat  into  which  they  were 
put  were  forfeited  if  M'.  Hatton  could  have  keep*d  possession,  but  as 
they  were  rescued  from  him,  the  case  is  altered,  and  the  Persons  who 
beat,  wounded  &  abused  him  are  liable  by  the  Act  of  14  Cha.  II.  to  a 
forfeiture  of  one  hundred  pounds  &  to  be  imprisoned  till  discharg'd 
by  the  Court  of  Exchequer  (in  England),  for  we  have  none  here.  There 
appears  such  an  absurdity  in  extending  that  part  of  the  Act  to  America 
where  there  are  no  Courts  of  Exchequer  that  our  Lawyers  &  Judges 
think  it  was  not  intended  that  it  should  ever  be  put  in  execution  here. 
So  that  an  Officer  may  be  beat  and  abused  in  the  Execution  of  his 
Office  and  can  have  no  redress  but  at  common  Law.  I  am  in  doubt 
whether  M'.  Hatton  can  have  any  redress  here  for  an  offence  that  was 
committed  in  another  Province,  or  rather  upon  the  high  Seas.  But  if 
he  could,  the  persons  who  beat  &  wounded  him  &  his  son  are  unknown, 
and  will  probably  continue  so  for  nobody  will  dare  to  discover  them. 

**  But  the  worst  part  of  my  Tale  is  yet  to  be  related.  The  young  man 
(Hatton)  called  on  me  again  the  next  day,  and  acquainted  me  that  he 
had  seen  the  Pilot  who  own*d  the  Boat  that  had  been  rescued  from  him, 
and  said  he  made  no  doubt  but  the  Boat  was  somewhere  in  the  Harbour, 
upon  which  I  ordered  one  of  the  Waiters,  who  said  he  knew  her,  to  find 
out  where  she  was  and  to  bring  me  word.  He  accordingly  went  in 
Search  of  her,  but  did  not  return  before  I  went  out  to  dinner  (I  was  that 
day  engaged  to  dine  abroad).  I  invited  the  young  man  to  dine  with  my 
Family  &  when  I  went  out  left  him  at  my  House.  I  had  given  direc- 
tions to  two  of  the  Waiters  in  case  the  Boat  was  discover*  d  to  go  with 
young  Hatton  and  assist  him  in  securing  her.  The  Waiter  returned 
A  said  that  he  had  seen  a  Boat  at  Carpenter's  Wharfe  that  he  believed 
to  be  her  but  could  not  be  sure,  and  thought  it  would  be  best  for  young 
Hatton  to  see  her  before  any  steps  were  taken  to  stop  her.  Accordingly 
my  Son  went  with  him  to  show  him  the  Wharfe  where  she  lay  ;  and  as 
they  were  going  thither  they  met  the  Pilot  who  own'd  the  Boat,  and 
young  Hatton  enter'd  into  a  conversation  with  him,  he  pretended  to  be 
very  sorry  for  what  had  pass'd,  and  told  him  he  might  take  the  Boat 
and  do  as  he  pleased  with  her  and  artfully  engaged  him  in  conversation 
for  near  half  an  hour  till  he  (the  pilot)  observed  seven  or  eight  Sailors 
arm'd  with  Clubbs,  close  upon  them  ;  he  then  told  him  to  take  care  of 
himself  for  they  were  coming  after  him,  upon  which  young  Hatton  & 
my  son  took  to  their  Heels,  and  the  Sailors  after  them.  My  son  was 
fbrtunate  enough  to  get  into  a  House  where  he  was  known  &  was 
protected.  A  Sailor  just  as  he  entered  the  door  made  a  blow  at  him 
with  a  Club  but  miss'd  him.     Young  Hatton  likewise  got  into  another 


The  Surift  Family  of  Philadelphia.  141 

House,  but  the  Sailors  follow' d  &  dragged  him  out,  and  drove  him  about 
from  place  to  place,  and  with  more  than  savage  barbarity  tore  off  the 
dressing  from  the  Wounds  on  his  head  and  arm  and  pour'd  a  pot  of 
Tar  upon  his  Head,  and  then  feather* d  him.  The  mob  gathered  as  thej 
drove  him  with  sticks  from  Street  to  Street.  They  had  a  rope  round  his 
body,  and  when  he  would  not  walk  or  run,  they  drag^d  him  ;  they  put 
him  in  the  Pillory,  and  when  they  were  tired  of  that,  they  drove  him  to 
the  River  &  ducked  him.  They  then  put  him  into  a  Boat  and  row*d  him 
across  the  River  to  the  Jersey  shore  &  there  landed  him.  From  what  I 
can  learn  they  tortured  him  in  the  manner  above  related  an  hour  or 
more.  As  I  was  in  a  different  quarter  of  the  town  I  heard  nothing  of 
it  till  it  was  all  over.  As  soon  as  I  heard  where  young  Hatton  was  I 
immediately  sent  one  of  the  Waiters  to  enquire  what  condition  he  was 
in.  He  returned  and  informed  me  that  he  had  found  him  at  Cooper*8 
(the  ferry  House),  opposite  Philadelphia.  He  was  in  bed  but  so  ill 
that  he  could  not  speak  ;  I  immediately  went  to  Doctor  Bond  and  de- 
sired he  would  either  go  or  send  somebody  to  do  what  was  necessary  for 
him,  which  he  accordingly  did.  Early  the  next  morning  Doctor  Bond 
called  on  me  and  I  went  with  him  to  Cooper*  s  where  we  found  him  in 
Bed.  His  wounds  were  much  inflamed,  his  wrist  much  swelled,  &  he 
had  a  fever.  Doctor  Bond  attends  him  constantly  at  Cooper*8,  and 
every  thing  possible  shall  be  done  for  his  recovery.  I  did  not  dare  to 
have  him  brought  to  this  City,  fearing  the  same  Tragedy  might  be  acted 
over  again.  I  am  much  at  a  loss  what  steps  to  take  in  this  matter. 
Many  people  here  say  they  are  sorry  for  what  has  happened,  tho  I 
believe  most  in  their  hearts  approve  of  it.  Not  a  man  interposed  to 
prevent  it,  neither  Magistrate  or  Citizen.  I  have  no  doubt  but  that  the 
Sailors  were  set  on  by  an  Irish  Merchant  in  this  City,  one  Caldwell,  to 
whom  the  Vessel  was  consigned  ;  its  the  same  man  that  own*d  the  Wines 
that  were  rescued  ab\  two  years  ago  after  I  had  seized  them.  If  these 
riots  are  permitted  with  impunity  it  will  be  impossible  for  any  Custom 
House  Officer  to  do  his  duty  in  this  Port.  There  are  not  less  than  a 
thousand  seamen  here  at  this  time,  and  they  are  always  ready  to  do  any 
mischief  that  their  Captains  or  Owners  set  them  upon.** 

[Philadblphia,  Dec.  20th,  1770]  .1 
"  The  Honourable  the  Oommisnoners  of  His  Mtyetty's  Oustonu  in  America, 

*'HONOUBABLE  QENT^ 

'*  We  have  received  your  Letter  of  the  10*^  instant  and  enclosed  we 
now  send  you  copy  of  the  R^^ister  of  the  Ship  Prince  of  Wales  from 
which  you  will  learn  who  are  the  o?mers  and  also  copy  of  her  entry 

*  *' Custom  House  Papers,  Philadelphia,"  Volume  XI,  Nov.  1770- 
Oct.  1771. 


142  The  Swift  Family  of  Philadelphia. 

inwards.  We  had  no  suspicion  when  the  vessel  was  entered  that  any 
illegal  practices  had  been  committed,  &  therefore,  did  not  think  it 
material  to  enquire  the  names  of  the  seamen,  but  we  will  endeavor 
to  find  out  their  names  &  transmit  you  a  list  of  them. 

''Your  Honours  are  pleased  to  say  that  we  ought  to  have  made  proper 
representations  of  the  riot  which  happened  in  thb  City  the  13  Novemr. 
last  to  (Governor  th  [Thomas  ?]  Penn.  May  it  please  your  Honours  we 
were  of  opinion  that  the  governor  &  the  magistrates  of  the  city  ought  of 
their  own  accord  to  have  taken  the  proper  steps  &  have  exerted  them- 
selves to  discover  who  were  the  ringleaders  &  perpetrators  of  such  a  no- 
torious insult  offer*  d  to  government ;  but  finding  that  they  did  not  do  it^ 
the  D.  Coll',  did  apply  to  the  Mayor  &  some  of  the  Aldermen  who  with 
great  indifierence  told  him,  that  if  he  would  inform  them  who  were  con- 
cerned, they  would  do  their  duty ;  but  they  did  not  think  themselves 
obliged  to  hunt  ailer  business  of  this  Kind.  He  also  spoke  to  the  Gov- 
ernor about  it,  who  told  him  that  he  thought  the  Magistrates  would 
have  done  something  in  it ;  he  had  heard,  he  said,  that  they  intended 
it.  In  short,  the  truth  of  the  matter  is  the  hands  of  government  are 
not  strong  enough  to  oppose  the  numerous  body  of  people  who  wish  well 
to  the  cause  of  smugling,  even  if  they  were  ever  so  well  disposed  to  do 
it.  What  can  a  government  do  without  the  assistance  of  the  govern' d  ? 
What  can  the  Magistrates  do  unless  they  are  supported  by  their  fellow 
citizens  ?  What  can  the  King's  officers  do,  if  they  make  themselves  ob- 
noxious to  the  people  amongst  whom  they  reside  ?  Your  Honours  are 
pleased  to  authorize  us  to  offer  a  reward  of  fifty  pounds, — we  don't  look 
upon  this  as  a  command,  &  therefore  take  it  for  granted  that  we  are  at 
liberty  to  use  our  own  discretion  in  the  case.  We  don't  think  it  can 
possibly  answer  any  good  purpose,  nobody  will  dare  to  inform  unless  we 
A  they  were  countenanced  by  the  government.  If  the  Gk>vemor  with 
the  advice  of  his  Council  would  issue  a  Proclamation  &  offer  a  reward, 
it  might  perhaps  be  attended  to  ;  but  for  us  to  offer  a  reward  in  the  pres- 
ent situation  of  affairs  will  in  our  opinion,  answer  no  purpose,  but  to 
make  ourselves  ridiculous.  This  is  not  a  time  for  works  of  supererro- 
gation,  and  it  will  be  said,  that  this  is  a  matter  that  does  not  immedi- 
ately concern  us,  and  that  we  had  no  occasion  to  make  ourselves  busy 
about  it.  This  is  our  opinion  of  the  matter ;  but  if  your  Honours  are 
desireous  of  having  a  reward  offer' d,  we  beg  you  will  be  pleased  to  di- 
rect the  form  of  the  advertizment  &  send  it  to  us.  It  will  not  be  too 
late  for  we  are  well  assured  that  the  persons  principally  concern' d  are 
inhabitants  of  the  City.  The  Ship  is  still  in  this  Port^  &  now  loading 
lumber  for  Ireland.  The  Capt,  a  Patrick  Crawford  is  rewarded  with  a 
new  Ship  lately  built  at  this  Port  called  the  Venus,  belonging  to  the 
same  Owners,  and  saiFd  for  Londonderry  yesterday. 

"M^  Hatton  Son's  hand  is  yet  very  bad,  he  has  had  the  assistance 


The  Swift  FawHy  of  Philadelphia.  143 

of  two  as  able  PhTsedaiui  as  any  we  haye,  the  two  Doctor  Bonds,  who 
haye  constantly  attended  him,  at  Coopers,  where  he  was  landed  after  the 
Mob  had  done  with  him.  They  haye  done  eyerything  that  could  be 
done  for  him,  but  fear  that  he  neyer  will  haye  the  right  use  of  lus  hand 
again.  He  has  Buffered  infinite  pain,  which  at  first  brought  on  a  feyer 
&  his  life  was  thought  to  be  in  danger  ;  and  it  was  long  a  matter  of 
doubt  with  the  Doctors  whether  they  should  not  be  obliged  to  cut  his 
arm  off,  but  I  belieye  they  now  think  him  out  of  danger.  But  he  is  not 
in  a  condition  to  travel,  and  if  he  was  at  home  he  could  get  no  assist- 
ance there.  As  I  employed  the  D  Collector's  Doctors  &  undertook  to 
see  them  paid,  he  hopes  your  Honours  will  be  pleased  to  allow  him  to 
charge  it  in  his  amount  of  incidents.  His  board  at  Cooper's  is  to  be 
paid  for  as  well  as  the  Doctors  Bills,  and  his  father  is  not  yery  well 
able  to  bear  the  expense  of  either  out  of  his  small  salary  and  no  fees. 

<'M^  Hatton  the  Collector  (for  Salem  and  Cohansy)  was  here  two 
days  ago.  He  has  been  sadly  harassed  by  the  Magistrates  of  his  county 
where  he  resides,  who  haye  done  everything  in  their  power  to  perplex 
h,  plague  him.  He  is  now  gone  to  Burlington  with  a  remonstrance  to 
Gk>yemor  Franklin,  seting  forth  the  ill  treatment  he  has  met  with  from 
them  and  from  thence  he  intends  to  go  to  Amboy,  to  take  the  opinion 
of  the  Attorney  General  agreeable  to  your  Honours  directions.  And  if 
we  are  not  much  mistaken  he  would  haye  done  just  as  well  if  he  had 
stay'd  at  home  and  whistled  to  the  wind." 

**  lb  the  Hofumrable  the   (hmmiananers  of  Bis  Mdjetty'i  Cuttonu  in 
America. 

''HoNOUBABLE  GEirr". 

'*It  is  with  extream  concern  that  I  am  now  to  acquaint  you  that 
M'.  Barclay  the  Comptroller  of  this  Port  departed  this  life  last  night ; 
— his  disorder  was  the  gout  in  his  head.  We  acted  together  as 
officers  of  his  Majesty's  reyenue  at  this  port  with  the  greatest  har- 
mony for  many  years,  &  I  yery  sincerely  lament  the  loss  I  haye  met 
with.  As  it  was  necessary  that  some  person  should  be  immediately  ap- 
pointed to  succeed  M'.  Barclay  in  his  office,  the  Goyemor  has  thought 
proper  to  appoint  his  Uncle  Lynford  Lardner  Esq',  till  your  Honours 
pleasure  be  known.  If  I  might  presume  to  ask  a  fayour  of  your  Hon- 
ours, it  would  be,  that  you  would  be  pleased  to  confirm  the  GJoyemor's 
appointment  of  M'.  Lardner,  till  some  person  is  appointed  by  the  Lords 
of  the  Treasury.  I  haye  neyer  deceiyed  your  Honours  in  any  matter 
that  I  have  ever  had  occasion  to  write  to  you  about,  nor  could  priyate 
friendship  induce  me  to  do  it.  I  haye  a  yery  high  opinion  of  M^  Lard- 
ner, &  think  him  a  yery  proper  person  for  the  Office.  He  is  a  man  of 
good  understanding  &  a  man  of  honour ;  &  is  beloyed  and  esteemed  by 
all  that  know  him ;  and  is  one  of  the  few  persons  in  this  City  who  haye 


144  The  Swift  Family  of  Philaddphia. 

not  joined  with  the  mnltitude  in  giving  all  the  opposition  in  their  power 
to  the  measures  of  Government ; — and  he  is  not  concerned  in  trade.     If 
your  honours  will  be  pleased  to  confirm  the  Governor's  appointment  of 
M^  Lardner,  I  shall  esteem  it  a  particular  favour  confer' d  on 
**  Honourable  Gent". 

* '  Your  most  obedient 

**  Humble  Servant 
'*  J.  8. 
"  Custom  H»  Philad\ 

"Jany.  12«»  1771." 

*'  Philad*  Jany.  IS,  1771  » 
*'SlE-. 

''Inclosed  I  now  send  you  the  account  of  Sales  of  the  ship  Marquis 
of  Granby  &  her  Cargo,  the  neat  proceeds  after  paying  all  expences 
being  £  960  in  Currency. 

**  By  the  Packet  I  rec'.  an  Information  from  the  Treasury  that  the 

Ship  Speedwell,  George  Hardwick  master,  was  taking  in  a  Cargo  of  Tea 

at  Gk)ttenburg,  for  this  Port ;  she  has  since  made  her  appearance  here 

A  enter'd  firom  Liverpoole  with  Coal  &  Salt — dated  the  6^  Sept^  last. 

I  have  seized  her  agreeable  to  my  orders  from  the  Treasury,  &  am  now 

geting  the  Coal  landed  in  order  to  discover  whether  she  has  any  Tea 

under  the  Coal,  but  I  fear  I  shall  find  none.     I  have  no  doubt  but  she 

has  come  from  Gottenburg  &  brought  Tea  from  thence,  but  I  fear  it  was 

all  got  out  before  she  came  here,  &  is  probably  lodged  some  where  below 

in  order  to  be  brought  up  here,  of  which  I  give  you  this  notice  that  you 

may  act  with  your  usual  diligence  in  discovering  it     There  were  two 

other  Vessels  bound  either  to  N.  York  or  this  place  with  Tea,  I  have 

not  yet  heard  of  their  arrival.     I  am 

*'Sir 

'*  Your  Most  Hum.  Serv. 

''J.  S. 
"Cap*.  W».  Dudimoton 
at  WOmingUm'* 

[Philadelphia,  Sept.  6th,  1771]  .< 
*'  7b  7%«  Honourable  The  Qmmisiioners  of  His  Majestys  Customs  in 
America, 

'*H0N0I7&ABLE  GENTLEMEN 

•'  On  the  18*^  of  last  month  the  Deputy  Collector  seized  the  Schooner 
Mary,  W".  Alexander  Master,  from  Nevis  with  ninety  five  Hhds  of 

*  ** Custom  House  Papers,  Philadelphia,"  Volume  XI.,  Nov.  1770- 
Oct.  1771. 

«  "Custom  House  Papers,  PhiUdelphia,"  Volume  XI.,  Nov.  1770- 
Oct  1771. 


The  Swift  Family  of  Philadelphia.  145 

Bum  &  fourteen  Hhds  A  one  barr*  of  Sagar  on  board.  The  Oapt.  when 
he  came  to  make  his  entry  produced  papers  from  Nevis  sign'd  by  the 
Collector  &  Comptroller  there,  for  eighty  Hogsheads  of  Bum  &  twenty 
tierces  of  Sugar,  for  which  the  Duty  of  4}  PC  was  certified  to  have 
been  paid.  But  upon  examining  of  the  papers  it  appear*  d  that  they 
had  been  altered.  They  were  originally  for  eight  Hogsheads  of  Bum 
containing  seven  hundred  &  twenty  gallons,  &  twenty  tierces  of  Sugar. 
By  adding  a  y  to  the  word  eight  they  had  made  it  eighty,  and  between 
the  words  seven  and  hundred,  they  had  interlined  the  word  (thousand 
two)  in  another  hand  writing  &  different  ink.  So  that  instead  of  eight 
Hogsheads  of  Bum  containing  seven  hundred  &  twenty  gallons,  which 
is  ninety  gallons  to  a  Hogshead  (the  way  they  rate  them  in  all  the 
Islands  for  the  4}  P  C  Duty)  it  reads,  eighty  Hogsheads  of  Bum  con- 
taining seven  thousand  two  hundred  A  twenty  (Gallons  w^.  is  twenty 
Gallons  more  than  it  ought  to  have  been  supposing  each  Hogshead  to 
be  rated  at  ninety  gallons.  The  Nevis  papers  were  originally  dated  in 
June,  and  the  word  June  is  alter'd  to  July,  in  so  clumsy  a  manner,  that 
the  original  letters  can  be  plainly  distinguished.  We  have  not  the  least 
icskht  but  that  the  whole  cargo  was  taken  on  board  at  St  Croix. 


**  To  The  Honourable  The  OomnUMF:  of  HU  Majeetye  Oustwm  in 
America 

<<  Honourable  Qentlemen 

"Nov.  25*  1771* 

'^  We  are  now  to  inform  you  of  a  sad  mischance  that  has  happened 
to  the  Custom  House  Schooner  &  the  Officers  h  people  belonging  to  her. 
On  Saturday  last  the  28^  instant  they  met  with  a  pilot  Boat  of  Chester 
standing  towards  Philad*,  which  they  boarded  &  found  that  she  was 
loaded  with  Chests  &  Cases,  w^.  they  seized,  and  were  afterwards  in- 
formed by  the  people  belonging  to  her,  that  there  were  fifteen  Chests  & 
twenty  quarter  Chests  of  Tea  &  some  Cases  of  Claret  &  Geneva  on  board 
her, — ^that  proceeded  with  her  towards  Philadelphia  till  they  got  as  far 
as  red  Bank  (eight  miles  below  Philad*.)  where  they  met  the  ebb  tide  & 
were  obliged  to  come  to  an  Anchor,  there  being  no  wind.  The  Custom 
H^.  Boat  &  the  Prize  lay  close  along  side  of  each  other.  About  ten 
o'clock  at  night  they  discovered  a  large  pilot  Boat  standing  towards 
them  &  they  observed  that  she  had  three  small  Boats  with  her  which 
being  uncommon  alarmed  them  a  little,  but  as  they  saw  only  two  people 
they  had  no  apprehension  of  what  was  to  happen ;  as  she  drew  nearer 
Capt*  Mushett  called  to  them  to  keep  off  &  not  run  foul  of  him,  which 

>  **  Custom  House  Papers,  Philadelphia,"  Volume  XII.,  Nov.  1771- 
March  1774. 

VOL.  XXX. — 10 


146  The  Swift  FamUy  of  Philadelphia. 

they  paid  no  regard  to,  but  came  close  along  side  the  prize.  Gapt\ 
Moshett's  people  at  first  endeayor'd  to  shove  them  off,  but  in  an  instant, 
they  were  prevented  from  doing  that,  by  a  number  of  people  who  had 
concealed  themselves  in  the  Cabbin  &  hold  of  the  Vessel,  who  rushed 
out  &  boarded  the  prize,  &  with  Clubs,  Cutlashes  &  Guns,  with  which 
they  were  arm'd,  attacked  CaptV  Mushett  &  his  people  with  such 
violence  that  they  presently  laid  most  of  them  flat  upon  the  Deck  and 
then  threw  them,  some  into  the  Hold  &  others  into  the  Cabbin  of  the 
Custom  H^  Schooner  &  fastin*d  the  hatches  upon  them.  CapiV  Mushett 
was  shut  up  in  the  hold  by  himself,  &  was  near  expiring  with  his 
Wounds  when  Peter  Ozeas  who  had  been  shut  up  for  some  time  in  the 
hold  of  the  boat  that  made  the  attack,  was  removed  (being  first  blind- 
folded) to  the  Custom  H^  Schooner  &  thrown  into  the  hold  where 
Capt".  Mushett  was  and  hearing  his  groans,  enquired  how  it  was  with 
him,  and  beg'd  of  the  people  upon  deck  to  let  him  have  a  Bucket  of 
Water,  which  after  some  entreaty  they  comply'd  with.  After  they  had 
thus  treated  Capt\  Mushett  &  his  people  they  fell  foul  of  the  Custom 
H^  Boaty  with  their  Cutlashes  cut  away  all  her  standing  &  running 
rigging  &  sails,  cut  the  other  cable  in  several  places,  carried  away  t^eir 
small  Boat,  &  then  towed  the  Schooner  to  the  shore  &  and  let  her  stick- 
ing fast  in  the  mud  &  carried  off  the  prize.  About  three  o*  Clock  on 
Sunday  morning  Capt\  Mushett  &  his  people  got  up  to  Town  &  is  now 
in  bed  very  ill  with  his  wounds.  CaptV  Mushett  had  with  him  Alban 
Davis,  Peter  Ozeas,  John  Mercer,  James  Ash,  James  Forrest  &  John 
Wormington.  Davis  has  got  a  very  bad  cut  &  bruise  on  his  head. 
Ozeas  is  much  hurt  with  a  blow  on  his  right  Arm.  Forrest  haa  got  a 
cut  on  the  head.  Ash  had  several  blows  but  he  don't  complain  much. 
On  Sunday  morning  after  the  D.  Coll',  had  been  informed  of  the  Affair 
he  waited  on  the  Gk)vemor  and  acquainted  him  with  it.  He  has  prom- 
ised to  issue  a  Proclamation  as  soon  as  the  necessary  affidavits  can  be 
taken  &  laid  before  him.  He  also  waited  on  the  Chief  Justice,  &  the 
Mayor  of  the  City  who  both  promise  to  do  every  thing  in  their  power 
to  get  the  persons  concerned  apprehended  &  brought  to  Justice  if  it  can 
be  discover' d  who  they  are — ^but  we  have  no  reason  to  believe  that  any 
discovery  will  ever  be  made.  We  are  getting  the  Boat  fitted  up  again 
but  we  fear  Capt\  Mushett  will  not  be  in  a  condition  to  take  comman*d 
of  her  again  very  soon,  he  has  got  one  very  bad  cut  on  the  Head.  This 
is  all  the  information  we  can  at  present  give  your  Honours  respecting 
this  afiEair,  but  you  may  depend  upon  our  exerting  our  selves  to  the 
utmost  of  our  power  in  the  prosecution  of  it.     We  are 

''Honourable  Gent" 

"  Your  Most  Hum  Serv. 

"John  Swift  D.  C. 
*•  CmrroM  Philad*  Not.  26*,  1771," 


The  Swift  Family  of  Philadelphia.  147 

<'  76    Ihe  Honourable   The   Oommisf^,  of  Bii  Majesty   OuHorru  in 
America, 

"Nov.80,1771.» 

"Honourable  Qeutt". 

"In  our  letter  dated  the  25th  instant  we  acquainted  your  Honours 
of  the  mischance  that  had  happened  to  the  Custom  H^  Schooner  &  the 
people  belonging  to  her.  We  haye  not  yet  been  able  to  discoyer  who 
were  the  person  concerned  in  this  unwarrantable  Act,  tho  we  haye  too 
much  reason  to  belieye  that  they  were  some  of  the  principle  Merch^.  in 
this  City  in  disguise.  They  had  Sailors  Jackets  &  their  flEu^es  were 
blacked  but  some  of  them  had  white  Stockings.  It  was  a  yery  bright 
moonlight  night,  and  it  seems  yery  strange  to  us  that  none  of  the  people 
belonging  to  the  Custom  H^  Schooner  should  not  know  some  of  them, 
either  by  their  Voices  or  the  shape  &  make  of  their  faces  &  persons ; 
but  so  it  is,  they  either  do  not  know  them,  or  are  afraid  to  mention  their 
names,  or  haye  rec''  smart  money  &  therefore  will  not  do  it  Peter 
Ozeas,  Alban  Dayis  &  John  Mercer  are  well  acquainted  with  the  faces 
&  persons  of  eyery  Merch\  of  any  consequence  in  this  City,  but  they  say 
they  did  not  know  any  of  them.  Capt\  Mushett  thinks  he  knows  some 
of  them  &  has  mentioned  their  names,  but  he  cannot  be  positiye ;  he 
was  surrounded  by  a  dozen  of  them  in  an  instant,  which  confused  him ; 
one  of  them  (a  lusty  man  whom  he  thinks  he  knows)  presented  a  Blun- 
derbus  to  his  breast,  while  others,  laid  him  oyer  the  head  with  Cutlashes 
&  Clubs  &  knocked  him  down  &  then  threw  him  into  the  hold  of  the 
Custom  H*.  Schooner  where  he  found  himself  after  he  recovered  his 
senses ;  he  seems  well  disposed  to  haye  the  affidr  brought  to  light. 
M'.  Smith  &  Thornton  haye  taken  a  great  deal  of  pains  to  make  dis- 
coyeries  &  haye  made  some  that  will  probably  lead  to  more.  Thornton 
has  discoyer'd  the  Pilot  Boat  that  was  made  use  of  by  the  Persons 
who  rescued  the  Seizurd.  The  (jk>yemor's  Proclamation  is  not  yet 
issued ;  when  the  D.  Collector  waited  on  him  on  Sunday  morning  he 
found  him  booted  &  just  going  out  of  town  into  the  Jerseys,  from 
whence  he  is  not  yet  returned.  We  don't  know  whether  any  reward 
will  be  offered  by  the  Goyemment  of  this  Province  for  discoyering  the 
persons  concerned  in  this  scandalous  a£Eair,  or  whether  it  will  be  ex- 
pected that  we  should  offer  the  reward,  and  if  the  latter  should  be  the 
cade,  we  shall  be  at  a  loss  what  reward  to  offer,  nor  do  we  know  whether 
your  Honours  would  approve  of  our  offering  any,  without  first  haying 
your  approbation.  We  shall  therefore  wait  till  we  haye  your  honours 
directions  concerning  this  matter.  We  think  it  will  be  best  to  offer  a 
large  reward,  three,  four,  or  fiye  hundred  pounds. 


^  "Custom  House  Papers,  Philadelphia,"  Volume  XH.,  Noy.  1771- 
March  1774. 


148  The  Swift  Family  of  Philadelphia. 

**  The  Superior  Court  of  this  proyince  has  refused  to  grant  Writs  of 
Assistance  agreeable  to  the  form  transmitted  by  your  Solicitor  &  the 
reason  given  by  the  Judges  is  that  such  Writs  are  not  warrantable  by 
Law.  The  D  Collector  in  a  late  conference  with  the  Chief  Justice 
Allen  ask*d  him  if  he  would  grant  him  a  Writ  to  search  for  the  Gk>ods 
above  mentioned,  which  had  been  rescued  from  the  Officers  after  seizure. 
His  answer  was,  Yes,  If  you  will  make  Oath  that  you  have  had  an  in- 
formation that  they  are  in  any  particular  place  I  will  give  you  a  Writ 
to  search  that  particular  place,  but  no  general  Writ  to  search  every 
House.     He  added,  I  would  not  do  that  upon  any  consideration. 

**  We  have  had  the  Custom  H^  Schooner  refitted  &  she  is  gone  upon 
another  Cruise,  under  the  Command  of  John  Thornton  extra  tidesman 
who  appears  to  be  a  man  of  resolution  and  we  believe  is  very  honest, — 
we  have  recommended  him  to  M'.  Wootton  to  be  put  upon  the  estab- 
lishment We  requested  M'.  Thayer  to  take  command  of  the  Custom 
H^  Schooner  till  M'.  Mushett  was  able  to  go,  but  he  gave  us  a  possitive 
denial. 

"Inclosed  we  sent  your  Honours  The  Affidavits  of  Alban  Davis, 
Peter  Ozeas  &  James  Forrest  respecting  the  Rescue  of  the  GKxxls  & 
pilot  Boat  taken  before  the  Chief  Justice  viva  voce.  He  choose  to  have 
it  done  in  that  way  which  took  a  great  deal  of  time,  &  are  not  so  full 
as  they  would  have  been  if  we  had  done  them  ourselves  at  our  leisure. 
Oapt\  Mushatt's  examination  was  not  taken  because  he  was  not  able  to 
go  out  of  his  chamber,  but  he  has  nothing  very  material  to  add.  He 
complain*  d  much  of  a  gidiness  in  his  head,  but  he  is  getting  better, — 
and  so  they  are  all. 

"The  Commission  mentioned  by  Peter  Ozeas  in  his  Deposition  which 
Capt*.  Mushett  show'd  to  the  people  belonging  to  the  pilot  Boat  which 
he  seized,  was  no  Commission  at  all,  but  Ozeas  thought  that  it  was,  & 
he  knows  nothing  to  the  Contrary  now. 

"  Your  Honours  may  depend  that  every  thing  in  our  power  shall  be 
done  to  discover  the  Persons  who  have  been  guilty  of  this  dareing  insult 
against  the  laws,  that  they  may  be  brought  to  Justice,  &  others  deter' d 
from  acting  the  same  part.     We  are 

"Honourable  Gentlemen 

"  Your  most  obedient 

"  Humble  Servant 

"J.  S.  [John  Swift] 
"J.  L.  [Joseph  Lobino] 

"  CUROM  H*.  PHILA.D*. 
••N0V».»)*.  1771." 

The  Collector  and  the  Comptroller  of  the  Port,  John 
Swifb  and  Joseph  Loriug,  offered  a  reward  of  two  hundred 


/ 
1 


The  Swift  Family  &f  PhUaddpkku  149 

poundB  sterling  for  the  discovery  of  any  one  oonoemed  in 
the  rescue  of  the  smngglers.'  Bnt  no  snccess  seems  to 
have  rewarded  their  efforts  as  the  following  letter  of  John 
Swift  to  the  Oonunissioners  of  Customs  in  Boston  shows : 

**7h  the  Honourable  the  (hmmiu^  qf  Bis  Majetiyi  Ouetonu  in  Atnerioti,* 

'*H0K0TTRABLB  GbHT*: 

'*  In  consequence  of  your  Hononn  leare  of  abcience  to  M'.  Loring, 
Comptroller  of  this  Port»  in  yoor  letter  N*.  1  dated  the  10*  of  last 
month,  he  set  out  for  Boston  on  Monday  the  8^  instant  As  we  did  not 
conceive  that  his  presence  was  any  longer  materially  necessary  here  in 
taking  proper  measures  for  discovering  A  bringing  to  Justice  the  Persons 
concern' d  in  the  outrage  upon  M'.  Mushett  and  the  Bescue  of  the  Pilot 
Boat,  nor  for  inskitating  a  PreMeution  for  treble  the  vahie  of  tlie 
Tea  s^zed  A  oondemn'd  at  this  Port  We  have  very  little  ezpectaikm 
of  every  discovering  the  persons  concenied  in  the  first  We  cannot  bat 
be  of  opinion  that  the  Tidesmen  must  know  them,  and  we  have  try'd 
every  method  to  induce  them  to  make  a  discovery,  but  in  vain, — they 
persist  in  it  that  they  do  not  know  any  of  them.  If.  Mushett's  Doctor 
has  brouf^t  him  a  Bill  of  £  6 — for  caring  his  head,  and  the  same 
Doctor  charges  Alban  Davis  £  1,  14,  for  oaring  hia,  and  they  both  ex- 
pect that  your  Honours  wUl  be  pleased  to  give  me  an  order  to  pay  him. 
Now  I  am  upon  the  Subject  of  Broken  Heads  I  will  beg  leave  to  mention 
to  your  Honours  a  request  which  M'.  Hatton  has  often  made  to  me, 
which  is  that  I  will  pay  another  ten  pounds  to  Doctor  Phineas  Bond  for 
attending  his  Son  when  he  lay  ill  at  Coopen  with  the  Woonds  he 
received  in  his  Head  and  Wrist  when  the  Pilot  Boat  was  rescued  fron 
him  at  Cape  May,  and  in  this  City,  where  he  was  attacked  by  the  Mob. 
There  were  two  Doctor  Bond  attended  him,  and  only  one  of  them  has 
been  paid.  I  employ*  d  Doct^.  Tho".  Bond,  but  as  it  was  not  convenient 
to  him  to  cross  the  Biver  to  visit  him  so  often  as  was  necessary,  he  de- 
sired his  Brother  to  assist  him,  and  they  went  by  turns,  and  often  both 
together,  and  between  them  they  attended  him  very  foithftilly  for  up- 
wards of  six  weeks.  M'.  Hatton  thought  they  had  been  in  partnexahip 
and  I  do  not  know  to  the  contrary,  so  that  when  he  got  your  Honoora 
order  to  pay  the  Doctors^  he  apply'd  to  Doct'.  Tho*.  Bond  for  a  Bill, 
which  he  gave  him,  and  I  supply*d  him  with  Money  to  discharge  it, 
agreeable  to  your  Honours  orders,  and  imagined  that  all  was  paid.    But 

^  Letter  of  January  17th,  1772,  **  Custom  House  Papers,  Philadel- 
phia," Vol.  Xn.,  Nov.  1771-March  1774. 

•  »*  Custom  House  Papers,  Philadelphia,"  Volume  XTI.,  Nov.  1771- 
March  1774. 


150  The  Suoifl  Family  of  Philadelphia. 

some  considerable  time  afterwards  M'.  Hatton  apply*  d  to  me  again  for 
another  ten  pounds  which  he  said  Doctor  Phineas  Bond  demanded  of 
him  in  making  the  second  application,  and  as  I  had  forwarded  my  pre- 
paratory account  for  your  Honours  approbation  before  he  apply' d,  I 
refused  to  pay  any  more  without  a  fresh  order  from  your  Honours, 
wherefore  Doct^  Phineas  Bond  remains  still  unpaid,  but  I  think  he 
ought  to  be  paid,  and  if  your  Honours  approve  of  it  I  will  supply 
M^  Hatton  with  money  to  pay  him.  The  poor  young  man  will  never 
have  the  use  of  his  Hand  again.  If  M'.  Loring's  presence  should  be 
necessary  I  will  immediately  acquaint  your  Honours  therewith ;  at  pres- 
ent there  is  nothing  to  do,  the  River  being  full  of  Ice.  M^  Loring 
appointed  M'.  Smith  to  Act  for  him  in  his  absence." 

John  Swift  married  twice,  first  Magdalen  KoUock,  and 
second  Rebecca  KoUock,  a  niece  of  his  first  wife.  In  the 
latter  years  of  his  life  he  lived  at  his  country  place, 
Croydon  Lodge,  in  Bucks  County,  Pa.* 

Among  the  children  of  John  Swift  and  his  first  wife, 
Magdalen  KoUock,  their  eldest  daughter,  Alice  Swift,  born 
at  Philadelphia,  February  20th,  1750-1,  was  married  at 
"  Croydon  Lodge,"  Bucks  County,  Pa.,  on  November  22nd, 
1778,  to  Robert  Cambridge  Livingston,  son  of  Robert 
Livingston,  Third  Proprietor  of  the  Manor  of  Livingston.* 

Another  of  the  children  of  John  Swift  and  his  first  wife, 
was  Charles  Swift  who,  admitted  to  the  Philadelphia  Bar 
in  March,  1779,  was  one  of  the  founders  in  1806  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Academy  of  the  Fine  Arts. 

John  Swift,  a  son  of  the  above-named  Charles  Swift,  was 
bom  at  Philadelphia  January  21st,  1790 ;  he  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1808,  receiving  the  A.  B. 
degree,  was  admitted  to  the  Philadelphia  Bar  on  March 
16th,  1811,  and  married  at  Philadelphia  on  March  11th  of 
the  same  year,  Mary  Truxton,  a  daughter  of  Commodore 
Thomas  Truirton  of  the  United   States  Navy.     He   was 

^  His  portrait  belonged  in  1855  to  his  grand -daughter.  Miss  Magdalen 
Peel  Swift. 

'  For  an  account  of  their  descendants  see  ''  Genealogy  of  the  Kollock 
Family  of  Sussex  County,  Delaware,  1657-1897/'  by  Edwin  Jaquett 
Sellers,  Philadelphia,  1897,  p.  41  et  seq. 


The  Swift  Family  of  Philadelphia.  151 

Captain  of  the  second  company  of  the  Washington  Guards 
daring  the  War  of  1812  and  afterwards  became  their 
'Colonel.  He  was  one  of  the  Committee  of  the  "  Military 
Birth  Night  Ball"  that  was  given  on  Washington's 
birthday,  February  11th,  (old  style),  1818,  at  Washington 
Hall.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  in  Schuyl- 
kill, October  2nd,  1822.  He  was  chosen  chief  marshall  of 
the  civic  division  of  the  parade  held  at  Philadelphia, 
September  28th,  1824,  in  honor  of  La  Fayette.*  His  name 
appears  first  in  the  charter  granted  by  the  Commonwealth 
to  the  State  in  Schuylkill,  April  27th,  1844.  John  Swift 
was  mayor  of  Philadelphia  from  1832  to  1838,  from  1839 
to  1841,  and  again  from  1845  to  1849.'  He  won  "  applause 
by  the  courage  with  which  he  quelled  several  riots,  leading 
the  police  in  person." '  On  one  occasion  when  there  was 
an  uprising  in  the  old  jail  at  the  south  east  comer  of 
Walnut  and  Sixth  Streets,  Mayor  Swift,  hearing  of  the 
trouble,  quickly  appeared  upon  the  scene  holding  a  loaded 
pistol  in  each  hand.  He  met  the  prisoners  beginning  to 
come  down  the  steps.  Promptly  he  shot  the  first  man, 
wounding  him,  and  then  drove  back  the  others  and  put 
down  the  turmoil.*  During  the  Presidential  campaign  of 
1844,  Henry  Clay,  the  Whig  candidate,  staid  at  his  house 
several  days,  and  Mr.  Swift  held  an  evening  reception  for 
him.*  He  presided  over  a  Mexican  War  meeting  that  was 
held  in  Independence  Square,  May  13th,  1846.*    Mr.  Swift 

^  See  <'  A  History  of  the  Schuylkill  Fishing  Company  of  the  State  in 
Schuylkill,  1732-1888,"  Philadelphia,  1889,  pamm;  and  "History  of 
Philadelphia,"  by  J.  T.  Scharf  and  T.  Westcott,  Philadelphia,  1884, 
pauifn. 

'  During  the  cholera  epidemic  of  1882,  a  John  Swift  rendered  con- 
spicuous service  in  the  county  prison,  for  which  the  city  presented  him 
with  a  service  of  plate  in  March,  1838. 

*  Colonel  J.  Granville  Leach  in  <<Appleton's  Cydopaodia  of  American 
Biography,"  New  York,  1889. 

«  The  late  Edwin  Swift,  Esq. 

*  Edward  Swift  Buckley,  Esq. 

*  "History  of  Philadelphia,''  by  J.  T.  Scharf  and  T.  Westcott,  Phila- 
delphia,  1884,  page  678. 


162  T%e  Swift  FamUy  of  Philadelphia. 

died  at  Philadelphia,  June  9th,  1878,  and  was  buried  in 
Christ  Church  ground.  His  portrait  by  Thomas  Sully, 
shows  a  man  of  much  force  of  character. 

Joseph  Swift,  a  brother  of  John  Swift,  the  Secretary  and 
Manager  of  the  first  Assemblies,  was  bom  in  England, 
June  24th,  1781,  and  was  brought  to  Philadelphia  by  his 
fiither  about  1788.  In  1747  he  went  to  England  to  join  his 
uncle.  He  was  sent  to  school  at  Manchester,  and  became 
a  proficient  scholar  in  reading  both  Latin  and  French,  a 
rare  accomplishment  in  those  days.  Some  of  his  Latin  and 
French  books  are  still  preserved  in  the  family,  among  the 
latter  a  handsome  edition  of  F^nelon's  "  Telemaque."  ^ 

On  one  occasion  he  journeyed  to  Paris  on  business  in 
behalf  of  his  uncle,  John  White,  and  of  that  trip  he  wrote 
the  following  amusing  account : 

"  lb  Mr.  John  White 

**  Merchant  in  Oroydon^  Surry 
in  England 

**  Pabis  loth  September  1749. 
**DSJLB  Ukclb 

"  I  wrote  to  you  from  Boulogne  acquainting  you  with  our  safe  arrival 
there,  which  I  now  can  do  to  this  place,  we  got  in  here  last  night, 
ahout  seven  and  made  a  very  awkard  figure,  '  begging  my  two  Friends 
pardon  *  for  ye  Captain  whom  I  believe  I  mention*d  in  my  last  letter, 
left  us  as  soon  as  we  came  to  Paris,  and  we  very  wisely  gave  ye  Postilions 
the  Directions  to  our  Lodgings,  and  when  we  set  us  down  at  ye  Inn  he, 
either  on  purpose,  or  accidentally  had  lost  ye  directions  and  ye  had 
forgot  ye  name,  so  we  had  no  Lodgings  to  see  in  a  new,  and  unknown 
Country  as  it  were — so  you  may  think  what  a  fine  condition  we  were  in, 


^  Les  Avantures  de  Telemaque  fils  d'  Ulysse  par  feu  Messire  Francois 
de  Salignac  de  la  Motte  Fenelon,  precepteur  de  Messeigneurs  les  £n&nts 
de  France  &  depuis  Archev6que-Duc  de  Cambrai,  Prince  du  saint 
Empire,  &  Nouvelle  Edition  con  forme  au  Manuscript  original.  Avec 
des  Remarques  pour  Tintelligence  de  ce  Poeme.  A  Londres,  chex 
J.  Tonson,  it  Tenseigne  de  Shakespear  dans  le  Strand ;  &  J.  Watts,  ^  son 
Imprimerie  dans  Wild-Court  pr^  de  Lincolns-Inn-Fields,  MDCCXIX. 

One  of  his  Latin  books  that  he  bought  in  Philadelphiain  1744  is  en- 
titled, '*  Hermes  Romanus  Anglicis  D"  Johannis  Qarretsoni  Vertendis 
ExerdtOs  Accommodatus.**     It  was  published  at  Dublin  in  1785. 


The  Swift  Family  of  Philadelphia.  158 

mach  ye  B&me  I  believe  as  if  we  had  dropd  out  of  ye  Moon,  for  ye 
neither  understood  us  nor  we  them ;  but  as  some  folks  are  most  fortunate, 
so  we  fell  in  Company  wth.  a  man  who  could  speak  English  and  French, 
who  clear*d  up  ye  Spectators  ye  misfortune  we  had  met  wth.,  for  we  had 
a  Crowd  about  us  in  an  Instant  This  honest  man  likewise  conducted 
us  to  ye  Lodgings  we  are  now  in,  and  told  us  of  a  Coffee-house 
frequented  by  English,  where  we  went  and  fell  into  chat  wth.  an 
English  Gentleman  who  very  kindly  informed  us,  of  several  material 
things,  and  after  ye  conducted  us  to  our  Lodgings  and  bid  us  good  night. 
This  morning  we  go  up  a  little  more  reconcilted  to  our  situation  of  ye 
night  before,  and  find  to  day  we  are  got  into  very  good  hands,  and  gett- 
ing into  English  Company  who  have  been  here  for  some  time,  are  a 
little  better  acquainted  wth.  ye  Place  tn.  we  last  night  expected  to  be. 
We  went  this  morning  to  my  Lord  Albemarl's  Chappel,  where  we  heard 
our  king  pray'd  for  as  king  of  France,  which  had  a  very  odd  sound,  in 
this  Nation.  We  had  a  very  good  Sermon  and  so  returned  to  Man. 
Kemps  **  an  English  woman  where  most  English  frequent"  and  dinned. 
I  have  given  you  a  detail  of  our  proceedings  since  our  arrival  here. 
Mr.  Williams  and  Westwood  are  gone  to  ye  Opera,  but  I  chose  to  defer 
it,  to  write  to  you,  as  I  can  go  another  time.  There  is  not  much  in 
omitting  going  of  a  Sunday  and  you  may  perhaps  wonder  what  I  ail  of 
I  cou'd  not  help  out  wth.  my  French,  but  I  assure  yon,  there  is  nothing 
in  learning  English  French,  it  has  no  affinity  wth.  ye  real  French.  We 
shall  stay  here  three  days,  in  which  time  it  will  be  impossible,  to  get 
acquainted  wth.  ye  Behavour  of  this  polite  Nation  and  as  for  ye  polite- 
ness of  any  other  part  which  I  have  seen  but  this,  it  may  very  well  be 
compared  to  ye  Moors  in  Lancashire,  who  are  amazed  at  everything  they 
see  and  awkard  in  every  thing  they  do.  So  don't,  pray  don't  be  amazed 
to  find  me  ye  unpolished  piece,  I  was  when  I  went  out  of  your  hands. 
I  am  told  by  ye  French  people  here  if  I  was  to  stay  two  months 
amongf  em  I  should  speak  very  good  French,  but  as  I  am  continually 
upon  ye  motion  I  am  deprived  of  ye  opportunity  of  improving  greatly 
in  my  French,  <<tant  pour  cela.'*  We  are  not  certain  as  yet  when  we 
shall  set  out  for  home,  but  I  believe  in  a  little  time.  Mr.  Williams 
was  in  a  great  passion  wth.  himself  yt.  he  cou*d  not  speak,  and  would 
have  given  half  his  Estate  to  have  understood  French  for  a  month.  I 
am  at  present  Cashier  they  not  knowing  ye  Coin,  neither  will  they  ever 
Learn  it  so  t  must  pay  for  what  they  buy,  and  keep  their  accounts,  for 
we  keep  separate  Purses  while  at  Paris.  I  am  very  much  charmed  wth. 
this  place,  it  far  exceeds  my  expectation,  both  in  magnificence  grandeur 
and  every  thing  else.  I  cou*d  not  have  thought  there  had  been  such  a 
place  if  I  had  not  seen  it.  Ye  buildings  are  more  r^ular  than  London 
and  all  of  stone.  I  will  preserve  many  other  things  which  I  cou*d  fill 
another  sheet  of  paper  wth.  till  I  have  the  pleasure  of  seeing  you,  and 


J 

r 

1 

4 

i  164  The  Swift  Family  of  Philadelphia. 

ithen  I  shall  enjoy  a  double  pleasure.     I  will  now  hare  done  wth.  what 
relates  to  our  Voyage  and  return  to  something  more  material,  which  is 
[  ye  health  and  ease  of  our  absent  Friend.     I  hope  first  you  are  well — 

/  yt.  Mr.  Williams  and  Mrs.  Williams  are  perfectly  recovered,  and  yt.  all 

\  our  Friends  are  as  well  or  better  and  we  em ;  my  fellow 

I  Travellers  being  absent  Til  venture  to  desire  their  Compliments  to  all 

•  Fds.  which  I  dare  say  they  do. 

'  *'Iamyour 

j  "Affectionate 

I  "Nephew 

i!  '•Joseph  Swift 

"P.  S. 

"Pray  rememr  me  to  Mrs.  Williams  and  Charley." 

Settling  permanently  in  Philadelphia,  Joseph  Swift 
engaged  successfiilly  in  partnership  with  his  elder  brother 
John  Swift  in  mercantile  pursuits.  He  was  one  of  the 
signers  of  the  Non-Importation  Resolutions  of  1766;  and 
i  propos  of  this,  Mr.  Swift's  name  appears  with  those  of  a 
committee  of  merchants  of  Philadelphia,  including  Tench 
Francis  and  Robert  Morris,  who  acknowledged  in  October 
1769  a  vote  of  thanks  for  their  patriotic  conduct,  passed  by 
the  Assembly  of  New  Jersey.*  On  October  6th,  1767,  he 
was  elected  a  Member  of  the  Common  Council  of  the  city 
and  served  in  that  body  until  the  Revolution ; '  and  under 
the  Act  of  March  11th,  1789,  incorporating  "The  Mayor, 
Alderman  and  Citizens  of  Philadelphia,^'  he  was  chosen  one 
of  the  fifteen  Alderman.  For  a  period  of  about  forty  years 
he  was  a  vestryman  or  Warden  of  Christ  Church.  As  De- 
puty for  Christ  Church  he  signed  "  The  Act  of  Association 
of  the  Clergy  and  Congragations  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania"  in  1785; 
and  annually  represented  that  parish  in  subsequent  Dio- 
cesan Conventions  till  1802,  at  the  same  time  always  serv- 
ing upon  the  Standing  Committee  of  the  Diocese.'     He 

*  "The  Register  of  Pennsylvania/'  edited  by  Samuel  Hazard,  Phila- 
delphia, Volume  rV.,  page  198. 

* "  Minutes  of  the  Common  Council  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  1764 
to  1776,"  Philadelphia,  1847,  pages  722  and  810. 

•The  Pennsylvania  Maoazinb  of  Histobt  and  Bioobapht, 
Volume  VI.,  page  829. 


The  Swift  Family  of  Philadelphia.  155 

was  chosen  in  1785  one  of  the  first  board  of  Trustees  of 
The  Academy  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the 
city  of  Philadelphia.  Mr.  Swift  resided  for  many  years  on 
the  west  side  of  Front  Street  between  Market  and  Chestnut 
and  afterwards  on  the  north  side  of  Pine  Street  between 
Third  and  Fourth,  and  had  a  country-seat  near  German- 
town,  in  Philadelphia  County.  He  died  December  24th, 
1806,  and  was  buried  in  Christ  Church  ground.  The  fol- 
lowing obituary  notice  of  him  appears  in  Poulson's  ^^  American 
Daily  Advertiser  "  of  the  29th  of  that  month :  **  Died,  on 
Wednesday  last,  in  his  seventy-fourth  year  (sic)^  Joseph 
Swift,  Esquire,  a  respectable  merchant  of  Philadelphia.  It  is 
not  enough  to  record  of  this  very  worthy  gentleman,  that 
he  maintained  a  blameless  course  through  a  protracted  and 
trying  life.  With  a  constitution  delicate  in  the  extreme,  he 
executed  his  many  duties  with  an  energy  and  steadiness 
only  to  have  been  expected  from  a  stronger  frame.  In  his 
private  dealings,  he  was  exemplarily  just.  In  the  city 
Magistracy,  which  he  filled  for  some  time,  he  was  a  firm, 
though  gentle  curb  to  evil  doers,  and  a  supporter  and  pro- 
tector of  those  who  did  well.  In  various  offices  of  our 
commercial,  charitable,  and  religious  institutions,  and  par- 
ticularly in  those  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  of 
which  he  was  an  invaliuible  member,  he  honored  himself  and 
served  his  constituents  by  faithful,  and  judicious  execution 
of  the  trusts.  As  the  tender  comforter  and  true  friend  of 
numerous  relatives,  bereaved,  by  the  dispensations  of  Divine 
Providence,  of  precious  and  beloved  connections,  Mr.  Swift's 
conduct  was  eminently  meritorious  and  engaging :  and  from 
that  cause  many  a  tear  bedews  his  memory.  In  the  do- 
mestic scene — as  a  good  Brother,  a  tender  and  excellent 
Father,  and  the  true  and  best  friend  of  one  of  the  most 
worthy  and  afifectionate  of  Wives,  he  merited  and  enjoyed 
the  perfect  esteem  of  all  who  knew  him  in  that  private 
walk.  But  his  most  distinguishing  characteristic  was  an 
enlightened  and  respectful  attachment  to  the  principles  and 
truths  of  Christianity.    A  sincere  devotion  to  these  was  ever 


166  Tht  Swift  Family  of  Philadelphia. 

considered  by  our  departed  Friend,  as  the  only  sure  founda- 
tion of  genuine  piety  in  this  world,  and  of  safety  and  happi- 
ness in  the  world  beyond  the  tomb." 

Mr.  Swift  married  February  3rd,  1759,  Margaret  MeCall, 
a  daughter  of  George  McCall ;  she  died  December  24th, 
1806,  and  was  buried  in  Christ  Church  ground. 

Among  their  children,  Samuel  Swift,  bom  January  12th 
1771,  graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1786, 
and  studied   law  with  his  cousin.   Judge  Jasper  Yeates. 

^^  Educated  a  Federalist,  he  nevertheless  espoused  the 
Democratic  policy,  which  he  occasionally  advocated  in 
articles  greatly  esteemed  at  the  time  for  their  vigour,  can- 
dour, research  and  polish.  He  possessed  much  natural 
poetical  talent  which  he  cultivated  and  exercised,  up  to  his 
decease,  for  the  amusement  and  gratification  of  his  family, 
though  he  never  cared  to  seek  a  wider  circle."  He  was  a 
Vestryman  of  Trinity  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  Oxford, 
Philadelphia  County.  He  married  February  11th,  1795, 
Mary,  daughter  of  Colonel  Joseph  Shippen,  Secretary  to  the 
Provincial  Council  of  Pennsylvania,  and  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  for  Lancaster  County. 

Their  eldest  daughter,  Margaret  McCall  Swift,  married 
May  19th,  1831,  her  cousin,  John  Shippen. 

Mary  Swift,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Swift  and  his  wife, 
Mary  Shippen,  was  bom  at  the  "Grove,"  Philadelphia 
County,  November  22nd,  1798,  and  died  at  Philadelphia, 
February  16th,  1877.  She  was  married  September  9th, 
1824,  by  Bishop  White  to  Matthew  Brooke  Buckley,  who 
was  President  of  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  and  Balti- 
more Railroad  Company,  from  June  1st,  1842,  to  January 
7th,  1846,  and  a  Director  of  the  Philadelphia,  Germantown 
and  Norristown  Railroad  Company  and  the  West  End 
Bank. 

Joseph  Swift,  a  son  of  Samuel  Swift  and  Mary  Shippen, 
his  wife,  was  born  December  26th,  1799,  at  the  "Grove," 
Philadelphia  County,  and  died  at  Long  Branch,  New  Jersey, 
July  Ist,  1882.     He  was  one  of  the  original  members  of 


7  he  Swift  Family  of  Philadelphia.  1 57 

the  Philadelphia  Club  (1834).  On  October  5th,  1836,  he 
was  elected  for  the  first  time  a  Director  of  the  Club,  and  in 
subsequent  years  he  was  chosen  again  and  again  to  fill  that 
position.  On  April  7th,  1854,  Mr.  Swift  was  elected  Presi- 
dent of  the  Philadelphia  Club,  in.  which  position  he  con- 
tinned  to  serve  until  September  16th,  1859.^  He  was  elected 
a  Director  of  The  Philadelphia  Contributionship  (the  Hand 
and  Hand)  from  September  4th,  1844,  to  August  16th, 
1871;  The  Philadelphia  Bank  from  1851  to  1859;  The 
Philadelphia  Saving  Fund  Society  from  1855  until  his 
death  in  1882;  and  The  Pennsylvania  Company  for  Insur- 
ance on  Lives  and  Granting  Annuities  from  September  13th, 
1852,  to  December  10th,  1867.  In  1845  he  took  the  first 
of  a  number  of  trips  to  Europe,  travelling  in  that  tour  as  far 
as  Constantinople.  In  June,  1851,  he  was  invited  to  a  dinner 
at  Schloss' Johannesburg  by  Prince  and  Princess  Mettemich.* 
The  Prince,  during  the  course  of  the  dinner,  sent  for  a  half 
bottle  of  the  1842  blue  seal  Johannesberger,  which  was 
brought  to  him,  and  he  himself  poured  out  the  fine  wine 

^  '^  Minutes  of  the  Board  of  the  Philadelphia  Association  and  Reading 
Boom :/' 

April  7th,  1854:  <'0n  motion  the  Board  proceeded  to  elect  its 
officers. 

''Joseph  Swift  was  elected  President, 

'*  Persifor  Frazer  was  elected  Secretary, 

"  Wm.  Stevenson  was  elected  Treasurer. 

"Mr.  Swift  then  took  the  chair." 

"  Minutes  of  the  Board  of  the  Philadelphia  Association  and  Reading 
Room/'  September  16th,  1859  :  ''The  resignation  of  Joseph  Swift  as 
President  and  Director  of  the  board  was  received.  Whereupon  it  was 
resolved.  That  in  accepting  and  recording  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Swift, 
the  Board  desire  to  express  their  great  regret  at  the  separation,  and  their 
sincere  wishes  for  his  safety  and  health  during  his  contemplated  visit  to 
Europe, 

"  Resolved,  That  the  secretary  be  requested  to  convey  to  Mr.  Swift  a 
copy  of  this  resolution." 

*  Prince  Mettemich  was  born  at  Coblenz  May  15th,  1778,  and  died  at 
Vienna,  June  5th,  1859 ;  from  1809  to  1848  he  was  first  Minister  of 
Austria. 


158  The  Swift  Fanuly  of  Philadelphia. 

and  sent  it  to  his  guests.  Later,  Prince  Mettemich  sent  a 
bronze  statuette  of  himself  to  Mr.  Swift  in  recognition  of 
some  fine  madeira  that  the  latter  had  sent  him,  In  1850 
Mr.  Swift  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the 
Assemblies,  the  last  year  those  balls  were  given  before  the 
Civil  War ;  and  the  next  year  (1851),*  together  with  Peter 
McCall  and  Henry  Shippen,  Jr.,  was  a  member  of  the  last 
Board  of  Managers  of  the  Assemblies  before  that  struggle, 
though  no  balls  were  apparently  given  in  that  year.  In 
1831,  Mr.  Swift  married  Eliza  Moore  Willing,  daughter  of 
George  Willing.  Their  eldest  daughter  married  October 
6th,  1852,  Thomas  Balch  of  the  Philadelphia  Bar,  a  member 
of  a  family  established  in  Maryland  since  1658. 

Another  son  of  Samuel  Swift  and  Mary  Shippen  was 
Edwin  Swift.  He  was  bom  November  6th,  1806,  and  died 
at  Philadelphia,  March  22nd,  1891.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Philadelphia  Club,  President  of  the  Little  Schuylkill 
Navigation,  Bailroad  and  Coal  Company  from  December 
7th,  1836,  to  May  20th,  1844;  and  a  Director  of  the  Chesa- 
peake and  Delaware  Canal  Company  from  June  1st,  1868, 
to  the  day  of  his  death  in  1891. 

^  Letter  of  Henry  Shippen  Jr.  to  Joseph  Swift,  November  12th,  1850. 

With  the  purpose  of  writing  a  history  of  these  historic  balls,  the 
oldest  in  the  country,  I  shall  be  much  obliged  for  the  communication  of 
any  fiLCts  or  items  relating  to  them. 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797.    159 


WASHINGTON'S  HOUSEHOLD  ACCOUNT  BOOK, 
1793-1797. 

(Continued  from  page  56.) 

—  January  Istj  1794  — 

Sundry  Accot'  Dr  to  Cash. 

Stable  exp's  p'd  Wm.  Crouch  for  300 

bundles  of  Straw 12. 

Conting't  Expen's.  gave  the  carrier  of 
Brown's  Gazette 1.  13. 

Snd 

Sundries  D'  to  Cash. 

Conting't  Exps.  pd  for  Jenning's  Evi- 
dence of  the  Chr  Religion  and  the 
Klopstock's  Messiah  for  Mrs.  Wash- 
ington    1.75 

Contingt  Exps.  gave  the  carrier  of  Dun- 
lap's  paper 1. — 

D°  p'd  for  sundry  tables  of  fed*"  money    .  .38 

D*  gave  the  carrier  of  the  Penna.  Qbt 

zette 50 

D**  gave  Watchman 3. — 

D*  gave  the  carrier  of  Bache's  paper      .  1. 

D*  p'd  the  Trustees  of  the  University  of 
Penna  for  the  tuition  of  G.  W.  P. 

Custis 2. 

Stable  Exp's  pd.  Jos.  Ferree  for  stabling 

horses  at  Germantown 24.64 

D*  pd  do  for  Milk  furnished  at  German- 
town     53       34.80 

6th  

House  Exps  Dr  to  Cash 

p'd  Patty  Chaning  in  full  to  the  1st.  inst.     10. 


160   Washington's  Household  Account  Booky  1793-1797. 


Sam'l  Praunces,  delivd  him  to  purchase 
sundries  for  the  House 

Contg't  Exps.  delivd  Lau.  A.  Washing- 
ton 4  weeks  pocket  money    .... 

D*  gave  the  carrier  of  Penno's  paper .     . 

7th  


170.14 


4. 


.75     184.89 


Sundries  D'  to  Cash. 

House  Exps.  p'd.  Pat.  Kennedy  on  acco't 

of  wages 20.83 

D*  p'd  Louis  List  on  accot  do  ...     .  5. — 

D*  pd  Jos  Burke  on  accot  do    ...     .  6.80 

]>  pd  for  sweeping  Chimne'ys  ....  4.40 

D*  p'd  for  48  »  of  Candles 7.47 

D*  pd  D'  Bass  for  sundris  per  bill  6.50 

!>•  pd  Henry  Sheaff  for  do  &  do    .     .     .  83.96 

D*  pd  B*  Dorsey  for  do  &  do     ....  184.72 

D*  pd  J.  k  Ed.  Pennington  for  sugar     .  80.20 

©•  pd  for  58f  bush  oats 19.60 

Ditto  pd  for  18  bush*  do 6. 

Contingt  Exps  p'd.  Moody  Jackson  for 

hauling  Ice  &  filling  the  Ice  house      .  53.40 

8th  


Sundries  D'  to  Cash. 

Stable  exps.  pd  for  159  bush*  Oats      .     .     58. 

D*pdfor24do 8. 

House  exps  p'd  Jno.  Gacer  on  acco  wages     30. 

Contingt  Exp  p'd  Harrison  &  Gill  for  a 
pr  boots  got  for  Lewis  List  when  go- 
ing to  Virg*  last  fall 6. 

9th  


Sundries                                        D'  to  Cash 
Contingt  Expen.  delivd  Lau.  A.  Wash- 
ington to  buy  paper     

D*  pd.  Jno  Whitesides  for  5  J  yds  Muslin 

for  Mrs  Washington 16.50 


.50 


428.88 


97.— 


WashingUm's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797.    161 

D*  p'd  J.  Phile  for  l.f  ydfl  Cambrick  for 

do 6. 

D*  p'd.  Mrs  Sere  for  sundr's  for  do    .     .  15.67 

Stable  Exps.  pd  for  2  pr  shears      ...  .67      88.84 

10th 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

House  Exps.  p'd.  Mary  Bailey  in  full  to 

the  1st  inst 2.60 

Contingt  Exps.  gave  a  poor  woman  by 

Mrs.  Washingtons  order 1.00         8.50 

nth  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contingt  Exps.  pd  for  2  copies  No  19  of 

Carey's  Geography 50 

D^  pd.  Harrison  k  Gill  for  shoes  for  Lau. 

A.  Washington 12.74 

M'  H  Lewis  pd  for  No  19  of  Carey's 

Geog.  for  him 25      18.49 

ISth  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash. 

Sam'l  Praunces,  deliv*  to  him  to  pur- 
chase sundries  for  the  House      .     .     .  148.40 

Contg.  Exps.  pd.  C.  W.  Peale  for  4 
tickets  of  Admission  to  his  Museum 
for  1794  subscribed  for  by  the  Presi- 
dent               4. 

D'  pd  Wm  Young  for  a  french  book  for 

Nelly  Custis 1.       148.40 

Uth  

House  Exps.  Dr  to  Cash 

Paid  Eliz  Simpson  wages  in  full  to  the 

Istinst 17.50 

16th 

The  Presidents  acco't  proper   Dr  to  Cash — 
Paid  in  fiill  for  20  tickets  purchased  by 
the  President  in  P.  Fitzhugh's  lottery  188. 

VOL.  XXX. — 11 


162    Washington's  Household  Account  Book^  1793-1797. 

17th 

House  Ezps  Dr  to  Cash, 

pd.  Gteo.  Williams  in  full  for  butter  .     .  10.18 

18th 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Stable  Expens.  pd  for  8  doz  brooms  .     .       3. 

D""  pd.  for  six  bush  of  shorts     ....       3. 

Contg't  Exp.  pd  for  hair  powder  poma- 
tum etc  for  the  Presid* 6.18 

House  Exp.  pd  W  &  Jos  Sims  for   2 

pipes  of  Mad*  wine  had  in  Aug.^  last  484.59 

jy  p'd  for  2  cords  hickory  wood    .     .     .     10.67     606.89 

eoth 

Sami  Fraunces  Dr  to  Cash. 

Deliy'd  him  to  purchase  Sundries  for  the 

House 109.89 

eist 

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash. 

Contgt  Exp  gave  Pothe,  a  poor  old  man, 

by  order 2. 

Do  pd  J.  Whitesides  for  2  pr  bl'k  silk 

hose  for  the  President 7. 

Stable  Exp's  p'd.  Jacob  Hiltzheimer  for 

keeping  horses  &  W.  bill  &  rect     .     .     16.  25. 

esd 

Contg  Exps.                                Dr  to  Cash. 
P*d  Lau.  A.  Washington's  hair  dresser 
1  month 2. 

e^th  • 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Contingt  exp.  pd.  for  stockings  for  G. 

W.  P.  Custis 2.18 

jy  p'd.  Jesse  Sharpless  in  full  to  this  day    72.22 


WashingtarCs  Household  Account  Booky  179S-1797.    168 

Cont'g  exp.  pd.  J  Harland  for  13  yds 

Dimity  for  Mrs  W-n 17.38 

Stable  Exps  p'd  for  100  bundles  straw    .       4.  95.68 

SBth  

Contg  Exps.  Dr.  to  Cash, 

pd.  for  2  copies  Carey's  Geog.  No  20  for 

the  Pres*  &  Mrs.  W 60 

p*d  for  a  pr.  shoes  for  Henry    ....       1.00 

pd.  for  breeches  ball  for  serv* 25 

pd.  Mat.  Carey  for  Maps  hot  by  the  Presi- 
dent        1.50        8.25 

Cash — ^Dr.  to  the  Treasury  of  the  TJ.  8. 
rec'd  on  acco't  of  the  Presidents  com- 
pensation       1000. 

S7th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Sam'l  Fraunces  deliv'd  him  to  purchase 
sundr  for  the  House 150.23. 

Cont'g  Exp.  p'd.  Felix  Brunot  for  dress- 
ing Mrs  Washington    9.45     159.68 

S8th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

House  Exp.  p'd.  Geo.  Beard  a  months 
wages 7. 

Stable  Exp.  p'd  Jacob  Hiltzheimer  in 

full  for  pasturage  etc 22.58 

M'  Howell    Lewis    p'd  him   on  acco't 

Salary 101.02 

Cont'g  Exps  deliv'd  the  President  to  put 
into  the  hands  of  Dr  White  to  be  dis- 
tributed among  the  Poor  of  Phila.      .  250.         880.55 

29th  

Oontgt  Exps  Dr  to  Cash. 

Paid  for  Ossian's  poems  &  two  p  ^  5. 

music  to  send  to  Betsy  Custis,  by  order  2.18 


164   Washington's  Household  Account  Booky  1793-1797. 

SOth  

Sundries                                      Dr  to  Cash 
Stable  Exps.  p'd  for  100  bundles  of  straw      4. 
The  Presidents  acco't  proper  pd  for  42J 
bush,  barley  sent  to  Mount  Vernon 
last  fall 42.50       46.50 

Slst  

Sund's  Dr  to  Cash. 

House  Exps.  p'd  Patty  Channing  a  mo's 

wages 5. 

Contg't  Exp's  deliv'd  Mrs.  Washington     20. 
D'  deliv'd  Lau.   A.   Washington    four 

weeks  pocket  money 4.  29.00 

—  February  Srd.  — 
Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Sam'l  Fraunces,  delivered  him  to  pur- 
chase sundries  for  the  House     .     .     .  114.47 

House  Exp's,  p'd  Benj.  W.  Morris  in 
fuU  for  poster  etc,  to  the  1st  of  Jan. 
last 98.  9 

Cont'g  Exp^s.  pd  for  drayage  and  putting 
in  tiie  Cellar  2  pipes  wine     ....       2. 

D*  p'd  Eliz  Rhodes  for  work  done  for 

Mrs  Washington 1.69 

D'  p'd  Jno.  Bringhurst  pr.  gold  ear  drops 

for  Miss  Custis 18.         229.25 

Bih  

Sundries                                     Dr  to  Cash. 
Stable  Exp's.  p'd  for  87J  bush.  Oats  .     .     29.18 
House  Exp's  p'd  Lewis  List  a  mo'  wages       7. 
M'.  Howell  Lewis  Pd  him  on  accot  of 
salary 58.  94.18 

6th 

Contg't  Exp's  Dr  to  Cash 

p'd  Tho'  Smith  for  carpenters  work  per 

bUl 28.42 


WashingtorCs  Household  Account  Book^  UdS-lJOJ,    165 
71),  


House  Exp's.  Dr.  to  Cash 

p'd  Mary  Bailey  a  mo  wages    ....       6. 

8ih  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash. 

Contg't  Exp's.  p'd  for  No  21  &  22  2 

copies   ea.  of  Carey's   Qeo'y  for  the 

Presd*  &  Mrs  Washington     ....       1. 

M'  H.  Lewis  p'd  for  ditto  for  him      .     .         .50 

House  Exp's  p'd  Pat.  Kennedy  a  mos 

wages 10.  11.50 

Cash ;   Dr.  to   the  Treasury  of  the  U.  8. 
rec'd  on  acco't  of  the  President's  com- 
pen'» 2000. 

lOih 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Sam'l  Fraunces,  delivd  him  to  purchase 

sundries  for  the  Household   ....  160.70 
House  Exp's  pd  Gk)d'y  Zeppemick  for 

Soap  &  Candles 35.54 

Contg't  Exp's.  gave  a  poor  Sailor  by  the 

Pres**  order 1. 

Do  p'd  for  a  tambour  frame  for  Miss 

Custis 2. 

Do  p'd  for  New  York  Magazine  for  '93       2.25     201.49 

ISih  

Contg't  Exp's  Dr  to  Cash 

pd  Geo.  Bertault  upholsterer  his  accot  in 

full 30.00 

HXh  


Contg't  Exp's  Dr  to  Cash 

p'd  Mr  k  Mrs  Qrombridge  for  teaching 
Miss  N.  Custis  to  paint  &  tambour  per 
bill 22.01 

p'd.  for  making  a  gown  for  Mrs  "Wash- 
ington    74      22.75 


^; 


166    Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797. 

15ih  

Contg't  Exp's.  Dr  to  Cash. 

p'd.  Adm.  of  the  late  David  Clark  his 

accot  to  14  Jan  Ist.  inst 68.04 

nth  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Bam'l  Fraunces.  delivd  him  to  purchase 

Bunds,  for  the  House 166.68 

House  Exp's  p'd  Thos  Passmore  for  sun- 
dries pr.  bill 5.79 

Ditto  p'd.  for  5^  Cords  oak  &  1  do  of 

hickory  wood 40.58 

Contg't  Exp's  pd  for  washing  and  mend- 
ing the  President's  Silk  stockings  .     .       1.54     214.54 

18ih  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contg't  Exps  pd  for  ribbon  &  bobbin  for 
Mrs  Wash'n  per  bill 6.50 

House  Exps  pd  for  hauling  6^  Cords  of 

wood •       8.25 

Do  for  carrying  in  &  piling  do      .     .     .       1.80 

Do.  for  sawing  and  splitting  wood  4.74 

Stable  Exp's.  p'd  Wm  Crouch  for  100 
bundles  of  straw 4.00      19.79 

19ih  

Contg't  Exp's  Dr  to  Cash 

Pd.  for  pocket  handkerchieft  for  Wash- 
ington Custis 2.18 

pd.  for  Riley's  pocket  Library  in  6  vol. 
for  Mrs  Washington 4. 

&  for  Helmuth  on  the  Yellow  fever    .     .        .80 

pd  Chas  Taus  in  full  for  tuning  Miss  N. 

Custis  Porte  piano 17.  28.48 

2lfXh  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Sam'l  Fraunces  deliv'd.  him  to  purchase 
sund  for  the  House 195.78 


WashivgtorCs  Household  Account  Book^  179S-1797.    167 

The  Presid**  acco't  proper  for  sundry 

Gttrden  seeds  to  be  sent  to  M*  V*  .     .       4.87 

D"*  pd  for  2\  bush^  chocolate  shels  k  bar^ 
to  send  to  Col  Ball 2.20 

House  Exp's  p'd  for  8  cords  of  Oak  wood 

warfage  &  hauling 19.68 

pd.  for  sawing  and  bringing  in  wood      .       1.10     228.58 

£5th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

House  Exp's  p'd  Jac  Mouk  (Andr6)  a 

mos.  wages 7.00 

Contg't.  Exp's  pd.  for  making  shirts  for 

Martin 4.00 

Ditto  pd  for  the  "  Way  Worn  Traveller  " 

a  song  for  N.  Custis     ....*.         .81       11.81 

erth 

House  Exp's  Dr  to  Cash, 

p'd  for  saw'g  and  Bpliting  wood    .     .     .       1.88 

—  March  1st.  — 
Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

House  Exp's.  p'd  for  a  load  of  ffickory 

wood      .     .     .     • 8. 

Ditto  p'd  Lewis  List  a  mos  wages     .     .       7. 

D*  p'd  for   sawing   wood 58 

D^  p'd.  for  load  of  wood 6.89 

Contg't   Exps    p'd  Adam    Franks   for 

dress'g  the  President  4  times    ...        .80 
Do.  p'd  for  Grecian  daughter,  for  Mrs 

W*    (a    play) 20      28.42 

Sd 

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Contg't  Exp's  pd  for  8  play  tickets  New 
Theatre,  by  order  of  the  Presid*     .     .       8. 

D'  deliv'd  Lau.  A.  Washington  for  6 
weeks  pocket  money 6. 


168       Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797. 

D*  p'd  for  Newton  on  the  Prophecies  for 

Mrs  W» 2. 

d*  p'd  Lewis  Dellois  for  6  yds  Muslin  for 

Mrs  W— n 11.60 

D*  p'd  for  Cloth  brush  for  the  Pres*  .  .  .76 
House  Exp's   p'd   for   2   cords  hickory 

wood  warfage  &  hauling 16.09 

p'd  for  sawing  and  carrying  in  do  .  .  1.80 
Sam'l  Fraunces  deliv'd  him  to  purchase 

sundries  for  the  Household     ....  146.48    192.22 

Bth  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Conting't  Exps  gave  a  poor  blind  man  by 

the  president's  order 1.60 

Ditto  p'd  for  a  blank  Music  book  by  order  1.60 
M'  Ho'  Lewis    deliv'd  him  to  pay  his 

Hairdresser 4.83 

The  Presidents  acco*    proper    pd   Mr. 

Lewis  in  full  for  a  draft  on  Mr  Boss  of 

Alex*  in  fiav.  of  W"  Pearce  &  reed  by 

him 98.83     100.66 

7(h  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contg*  Exps.  pd  for  mending  an  um- 
brella for  the  door 62 

Ditto  p'd  for  sundry  books  purchased  by 

the  President 10.89 

Ditto  pd  D.  Breitnall  for  shoes  for  Miss 

N.  Custis 7.80 

House  Exp's  pd  for  2\  cords  of  Hickory 

wood  and  wharfistge 21.86 

D**  p'd  for  sawing  and  carrying  in  do    .       1.70      42.37 

Sth  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contg  Exp's  pd  for  Nos.  S3,  24,  &  26  of 
Careys  Geog.  (2  copies)  for  the  Presi- 
dent &  Mrs  W     n 1.60 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  1793-1797.       169 

D'  pd  for  No'  24  &  25  of  do  for  Lau.  A. 

Washington 50 

D*  p'd  for  Prophetic   Conjectures  on  the 

French  Revolu*  for  Mrs  Wn 25 

House  Expn  pd  Jno.  Jones  in  full  for 

work  done  per  bill  &  rec*  ....  12.07 
D*  p'd  Mary  Bailey  one  mo',  wages     .     .        5.  19.82 

10th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

House  ezpen's   pd   for   6J  cords  wood 

wharfieige  &  hauling 42.54 

Saml  Fraunces  delv'd  him  to  purchase 
sundries  for  the  Household   ....  146.32     188.86 

nth  

Bund's.  Dr.  to  Cash. 

Oontgt.  Exp's.  pd.  freight  on  a  box  to 
Fredericksburg  containing  sundries  for 
Miss  H*.  Washington — .25 

D*  deliv'd  M'  Lewis  for  so  much  p'd  by 
him  to  the  President  in  Alex*  bank 
notes 80. — 

Ditto  p'd.  Jacob  Cox  for  sundry  articles 

sent  to  Miss  H*  Washington     .     .     .     19.19 

Ditto  pd.  in  part  for  a  Locket  for  Nelly 

Custis  by  ord  of  Mrs  W — n     .     .     .       1.33 

Ditto  p'd  for  mending  a  p'r.  of  Silver 

shoe-buckels  for    Washington    Custis         .84 

House  Exp's.  pd  for  sawing  and  carry- 
ing Wood 3.37 

House  Exp's  p'd  Qod'y  Zeppemick  for 

soap  &  candles 34.76 

Ditto  pd.  D'  Qravenstine  for  a  box  of 

Raisins 4.67 

Ditto  p'd  I  &  J.  Painter  a  bill  for  Salt  etc     11.38     155.24 

ISth  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash. 

Contgt.  Exps.  pd  for  8  seats  in  New 
Theatre 8. 


170    WashmgUm's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797. 

Stable  Exp's.  p'd  Wm  Croch  in  fiill  for 

hay  etc 15.87      23.87 

Uth  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Cont'g.  Exp'B.  p'd  for  a  pr.  Gloves  for  the 
President 1.25 

House  Exp's  p'd.  for  8  Cords  Hickory 

wood,  including  wharfage  and  hauling    47.02 

Ditto   p'd  for  sawing  and  carrying  in 

same 5.25       58.52 

IBth  '. 


Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

The  President's  accot.  proper  pd  for  5 

bush  plaster  of  Paris,  cask  'etc 5. — 

Do  p'd  drayage  of  barrels  &c  to  the  wharf        .31 
D"*  for  freight   of  8  tierces  2  barrels  k  2 

kegs  to  Alexi* ,     .       5.50 

Contg't  expenses  delivered  Mr.  Lewis  to 

buy  8  play  tickets  by  order     ....       8.00      18.81 

17ih  

Sam'l  Fraunces                      D'  to  Cash, 
deliv'd  him  to  purchase  Sundries  for  the 
house 131.19 

18th  


Cash,           D'  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U.  S. 
rec*.  on  acco.'t  of  the  Presidents  compen- 
sation      2000. 

19th  


Sundries  D'  to  Cash. 

House  Exp's  p'd.  Ben't  Dorsey  in  full 

for  groceries 187.51 

D'  p'd  J  &  E.  Pennington  in  full  for  sugar  135.59 
The  Presidents  accot  pro.  pd.  C.  Roberts 

for  clover  seed  pr.  bill 126.67 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797.    171 

D*  p'd  for  porterage  of  the  same  to  ye 

vessel  to  go  to  Virg* 25 

D^  p'd  Robt  Smith  for  8  p'    oznab"  to 

send  to  Virg* 80.91 

The  Presid'  acco*  pro. 

p*  Todd  &  Mott  for  6  pss  oznab'  to  send 

to  Virg— 163.25 

Cont'g  Ex'ps  p'd  for  p's  muslin  for  Mrs. 

Washington 30.         724.18 

21st  

Sundries  D'  to  Cash. 

House  Exp's  p'd.    Jos   Andr6  a  mos. 

wages    .1 7. 

Contg't  Exp's  pd  for  a  pr  shoe  buckels 

for  W.  Custis 1.50        8.60 

esd 

Sundries  D'  to  Cash. 

Contg't    Exp's.    p'd    for   hair    powder 

perfume  etc   for  the  Pres*  and  Mrs 

Washington 4.33 

Ditto  p'd  for  2  Copies  No  26  of  Carey's 

Geog.  for  do.     . 60 

Ditto  p'd  for   1   copy  do  for  Lau.  A. 

Washington 26 

Stable  Exp's,  p'd.  C.  Kauck  for  6  bush. 

of  shorts  k  bran 3.  8.08 

Sith 

Sundries  D'  to  Cash 

Sam'l  FraunceSy  deliv'd  him  to  buy  sun- 
dries for  the  House 187.62 

The  President's  Acco't  proper  pd  for  8** 
Lucerne  seed  to  send  to  M'  V"    .     .     .       1. — 

Ditto  p'd  for  freight  of  leather  Ac  sent  to 
d'  in  Dec  last 2. 

Ditto  p'd  freight  of  a  bale  of  oznab'  to 
Alexandria 2.76 


172     Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797. 

Contg't  Exps  p'd  for  2  tickets  for  Mrs 
Wash — n  k  Miss  Ciistis  to  see 
automaton! 2.00 

D"  p'd  for  8  tickets  New  Theatre     .     .     .       8.00 

D**  pd  for  a  p's  of  muslin  &  a  p  r  of  silk 

hose  for  Mrs  Washington     .     .     .     .     15.60 

House  Exp's  p'd  cooper's  bill  for  sun- 
dries memo  etc    1.07     219.84 

9Bth  

Oontg't  Exp's                              D'  to  Cash. 
Paid  for  9f  yd's  Cambrick  for  Mrs  Wash- 
ington     41.60 

seth 

Oontg't  Exp's  Dr.  to  Cash 

Delivd.  Lau.  A.  Washington  to  buy  a  p's 

linen  etc 25.62 

Paid  Isaac  Franks  in  full  for  house  rent 

etc  at  Qermantown 75.56     101.18 

97th  

Mr.  Howell  Lewis  D'  to  Cash 

p'*  him  on  acco't  salary 12. — 

98th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

M'  H.  Lewis  p*  him  on  acco'*  salary     .     .     10.88 
Oont'g  Exp's  del'd  Lau.  A.  Washington 

to  pay  his  hatter 4.50 

D**  p'd  for  a  bonnet  and  feathers  by  order 

of  Mrs.  W— n 12.00 

House  Exps,  p'd  Isaac  Parish  in  full  for 

hats  for  the  Presidents  household    .     .     26.88       58.66 

99th  

Sundries                                      D'  to  Cash. 
Contg't  Exp's   p'd  for  a   p'  gloves  for 
Kennedy  to  wear   when    putting  on 
table  ornaments — .50 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book^  ndS-^ndJ.   178 

Ditto-deliv'd  to  Mrs  Washington  .  .  .  8.00 
Ditto  p*d  M.  Carey  for  books  for  Miss 

Nelly  Custis 6.90 

D"  p'd  for  1  doz.  cotton  hose  for  Mrs. 

Wash— n 14.67 

D^  p'd  Mrs.  Tarbet  for  sundries  for  do   .  8.80 

D^  p'd  Jno.  Phile  in  full  for  sundries  .  78.03 
House  Exp'  pd  Jno.  Handerson  to  the 

time  he  left  the  Presidents  service     .  5.50     112.40 

Slst  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Sam'l  Fraunces  deliv'd  him  to  purchase 

sundries 182.90 

House  Exp's  p'd  for  181  lbs.  hams     .     .     20.11 

D"  p'd  for  cheese 6.25 

Contg't  Exp's.  p'd  for  Ladies  Geography 
&  Wolstoncroft's  Education  for  Mrs 
Washington 2.10     211.86 

—  April  1st.  — 
House  Exp's  Dr  to  Cash 

P'd  Geo  Beard  in  full  to  this  day  when 

he  left  the  Pres***  service 14. 

P'd  Patty  Chaning  2  mo.s  wages  .  .  10. 
P'd  Lewis  List  1  mo's  wages  ....  7. 
P'd  Ann  Emerson  a  qr's  wages      .     .     .     33.83       64.88 

2nd 

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Contg't  Exp's.  p'd  Jos.  Starr  k  Son  in 
full  for  shoes  k  boots  furnished       .     .     46.02 

House  Exp's  p'd.  Jno.  Gaceer  a  qrs 
wages 80.00       76.02 

Srd  

Sundries                                      Dr  to  Cash. 
Contg't  Exp's.  p'd  for  89  yd's  muslin  for 
shirts  for  the  President 26. 


174   WaahingtorCs  Bbusefiold  Account  Book^  179S-1797. 

House  Exp's  p'd  for  8^  Cords  of  wood  & 

wharfage 88.70 

P*  for  hauling  do 4.12 

D^  for  sawing  and  carrying  in  do  .     .     .       4.02       67.84 

J^th   

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contgt  Exp's  p'd  for  making  shirts  for 

Harry 80 

D*  for  making  cloaks  etc  for  the  Dutch 

Girls 1.60 

House  Exp's  p'd  Jos.  Burke  in  full  for 

wages  to  the  1st.  inst.  when  he  left 

the  President's  service 21.00       28.40 

Bth   

Contingt  Exp's  Dr  to  Cash 

p'd  T.  Dobson  for  2*  Vol  of  Hazards 

Historical  Collection  2  copies     .     .     .       6.60 

p'd  for  8  tickets   to  see  automatoms  by 

order 4.00       10.50 

7th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contgt  Exp's.  p'd  And  Kennedy  for  a  p's 

of  Muslin  for  Mrs  Washington       .     .     20.00 

House  Exp's  p'd  Sam'l  Fraunces  a  qrs 

wages  due  the  1st  inst      .     .     .     .    >     75.00 

Sam'l  Fraunces  deliv'd  him  to  purchase 
sundries  for  the  Ho  ^ 169.15    254.15 

8th' 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contg't  Exp's  deliv'd  the  President  to 
give  the  workmen  at  the  Mint   ...       6. 

Stable  Exp's.  for  100  bundles  of  straw    .       4. 

House  Exp's  p'd  Ann  Warner  a  days 

washing 60         9.50 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797.    175 

Cash            D'  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U.  S. 
Rec'd  on  acco't  of  the  Presidents  com- 
pensation     2000. 

10th  

Cont^t  Exp's.  D'  to  Cash. 

Paid  for  a  phial  of  Essence  for  toothach 

for  Miss  Custis 26 

12th  


Cont^t  Exp's                              Dr  to  Cash. 
Paid  D.  C.  Claypoole  in  full  for  his 
paper  k  for  inserting  an   advertise- 
ment in  Aug*  '93 6.00 

nth  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Conting't  Exp's  p'd  Fred.  Kit  for  the  time 
he  was  kept  in  suspence  for  the  Presi- 
dent to  determine  whether  or  not  he 
would  employ  him       10. 

Ditto,  deliv'd  Lau.  A.  "Washington  for 
ten  weeks  pocket  money 10. 

House  Expenses  p'd  Tho'  Passmore  for 

sundries  pr  bill 18.63 

Sam'l  Fraunces  deliv'd  him  to  purchase 
sundries  for  y*  House 164.28     187.91 

16th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Conting't  Exp's  p'd  for  a  fan  for  Miss  N. 

Custis  by  Mrs  Wn  order 40 

D"  p'd  Jos  Cooke  in  full  for  work  done  3.88 
D**  gave  a  poor  mason  by  order  .  .  .  1.00 
D*  deliv'd  to  Lau.  A.  Washington  to  pay 

for  making  shirts 7.63 

The  President's  acco't  pro  p'd  for  freight 

of  furniture  of  Mrs  F.  W.  to  Mount 

Vernon 10.00      22.86 


176    Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797. 

19th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Caah 

The  Presidents  acco*t  proper  pd  for  100 
mulberry  trees  sent  to  Mount  Vernon 
last  year 2.67 

House  Exp's  p'd  for  hauling  4^  cords  of 

wood 2.12 

P'd  for  sawing  &  carrying  in  wood     .     .       1.76         6.54 

21st  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Oonting't  Exp's  p'd  J.  M.  Barthlemy  for 

a  qr's  tuition  of  Miss  Custis  books  etc     11.09 

D*  p'd  by  Mrs  Washington's  order  in 
part  for  subscription  to  a  publication 
intended  by  Mrs.  Bowson 2.00 

Do*  p'd  for  making  7  shirts  for  Austin   .       3.60 

Sam'l  Fraunces  deliv^d  him  to  purchase 
sundries  for  the  House 189.41     206.10 

2M 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

House    Exp's    p'd   Jos'  Andr6  a   mo's 

wages 7.00 

Ditto  p'd  Pat.  Kennedy  on  acco't  wages 

omitted  the  18th  inst 80.00 

Contg't  Exp's  p'd  for  a  ticket  for  W. 

Custis  to  go  to  a  play,  by  order  .  •  1.00 
D*  delivd  Oney  by  order  to  buy  a  bonnet 

etc 2.00 

D""  p'd  Chas.  de  Krafi  for  a  map  of  the 

Potomac  Ac  for  the  President,        .     .     26.67      66.67 

iSth  

Contg't  Exp's  Dr  to  Cash. 

Deliv'd  to  the  President 7.00 

p'd  for  a  phial  of  the  tincture  for  the 

toothache,  for  Nellie  Custis 25 

Gktve  a  poor  woman  by  the  Presidents 

order 1.00        8.26 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book^  179S-1797.    177 

S6th  

Snndries  Dr  to  Caah 

House  Exp's  p'd  for  4J  cords  wood  and 

wharfage 26.69 

Stable  Exp's  p'd  for  a  dusting  brush  .     .         .60       26.19 

iSth  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contg't  Exp's  p'd  Ann  Serre  for  sundries 
furnished  Mrs.  Washington  per  bill  & 
ree't 14.78 

D*  deliv'd  to  Mrs  Washington  ....       8.00 

D*  p*d  W"  Winstanley  for  2  large  paint- 
ings   98.88 

Sam'l  Fraunces  deliv'd  him  to  purchase 
sundries  for  the  House 162.60     278.71 

S9th  

Sundries  D'  to  Cash 

House  Exp's  p'd  for  6  cords  of  Hickory 
wood 29.07 

Do  p'd  for  carrying  in  and  piling  do.      .       1.20 

Contg't  Exp's.  p'd  for  the  Artists  Assist- 
ant for  Miss  Custis — .87         80.64 

—  May  1st  — 
Cont'gt  Exp's  Dr  to  Cash. 

Deliv'd  to  Mrs  Washington     ....     20. 
p'd  for  a  writing  desk  for  Miss  El'  Custis 

by  order 8.  28. 

2nd  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

House  Exp's  p'd  Lewis  List  a  mo's 
wages 7. 

Ditto  p'd  for  hauling  6  cords  of  wood       8. 

Stable  exp's  p'd  for  100  bundl's  of  straw       6. 

Contg't  exp's  p'd  for  the  breeches  Call 

for  the  servants 26 

VOL.  XXX. — 12 


178    Washingion's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797. 

do  p'd  for  a  locket  for  Eli'  CustiB   by 

order  of  Mrs  Wn 6. 

Do  deliv'd  Molly  to  buy  a  pair  of  shoes 

by  order 1.30 

D**  p'd  Jno.  Whitesides  A  Co  for  sundries 

per  bill  &  rec't 104.94 

D*  deliv'd  to  Austin  to  pay  for  mend'g 

his  shirts  by  order  of  Mrs  Wtn.     .     .         .40     127.89 

3rd    


Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contg't  exp's  p'd  Jno  Quest  k  Co  for 

sundries  per  bill  A   rec't 83.97 

House  Exp's  p'd   Mary  Bailey   2  mo. 

wages 10. 

D*  p'd  D'  Bass  for  sundries  furnished  per 

bill 21. 

D**  p'd  for  shoes  for  the  Dutch  women  .  6.83 
D**  p'd  for  a  pair  of  shoes  for  Henry  .  1.25 
D*    p'd  Tho's  Bradley  for   tinning  the 

Kitchen   utensils 29.36     150.91 

6th  


Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

M'  Howell    Lewis  deliv'd  him   by  the 

Presidents  order,  when  he  left  Philad% 

to  pay  ofi   his  bills  A  bear    his   ex- 

pences  to    Vir^nia 263. 

Sam'l  Fraunces  deliv'd  him  to  purchase 

sundries  for  the  house 160.41 

House  Exp's  p'd  for  100  lbs.  of  starch  .       8.33     481.74 

7th  


Contg't  Exp's  Dr  to  Cash 

Paid   for    8  tickets    New  Theatre,   by 

order 8.00 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797.    179 

8th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

House  Exp's  p'd  Eliz  Simpson  for  three 

months   wages 15. 

Contg't  Exp's  deliv'd  to  Mrs.  Washington 

to  give  to  a  poor  french  woman     .     .       1.00 
D*  gave  Jas.  Allen  (by  the  President's 

order)  who  had  lus  brew  house  burnt      6.00       21.00 

9ih  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Contg't  Exp's  p'd  Wm.  Groombridge  for 

instructing  Miss  Custis  in  the  art  of 

drawing 15.17 

M'  H.  Lewis — p'd  Timothy  Leonard  5 
dolls  k  your  hair  dresser  3  d*  by  your 
desire  when  you  left  Phila:     ...       8.  23.17 
Cash       D'  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U  States 
Rec'd  on  acco't  of  the  Presidents  com- 
pensation                   1000. 

12th  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Contg't  Exp's.  gave  G.  W.  P.  Custis  by 

order    of   Mrs.    Washington     .     .     .       1.00 
D*  p'd  M.  Jones  for  sundries  p'r.  bill  for 

Mrs   Washington 81. 

D**  p'd  Chas  Kirkham  for  sundries  for  D** 

&  bill 27.54 

Contg't  Exp's.   p'd  for  a  book   called 

Charlotte  (by  Mrs.  Rawson)  for  Mrs. 

Washington 67 

Sam'l  Fraunces  deliv'd  him  to  purchase 

sundries  for  the  house 162.18 

House  Exp's,  p'd  Henry  Sheaff  in  full 

for  wine  &  spirits  &c 118.86 

Ditto — p'd  Godfrey  Zeppemick  for  66**" 

candles  k  a  barrel  of  soap     ....     12.18 
Stable  Exp's  p'd  Saml  Pleasants  for  6 

tons  9*  &  1  q'  of  hay  &c  in  fiill    .     .     95.78    449.21 


180    Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797. 

ISth  

Sundries  D'  to  Caah 

The  PresidentB  acco't  proper  p*d  Henry 

Ingle  in  full  for  furniture  for  Mrs.  F. 

Washington *     *  183.  7 

Contg't  Exp'    p'd   Hy   Ingle  for  work 

done   per   bill     • 5.87 

D®  gave  to  a  poor  woman  by  the  Presid' 

order 4.00 

D**  p'd  for  Bligh's  Narrative  &  a  blank 

book  for  Gteo  &  Eli'  Custis,  by  order        .38     142.82 

ISth  

House  Exp's  D'  to  Cash  . 

Paid  for   2  cords  of  wood  wharfage  & 

hauling 7.50 

17ih 

Cash  Dr  to  Chas  Carter 

Rec'd  of  him  in  full  for  so  much  ad- 
vanced by  Oliv'  Wolcott  Jr  Esq'  on 
the  Presidents  acco'tto  R.  W.  Carter  100. 

19ih  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Contg't  Exp's  p'd  for  8  tickets  for  new 

Theatre 8.00 

D*  p'd  for  sundry  toys  for  Mrs  Washing- 
ton to  send  to  Ber'd  Lear    ....       1.00 

The  Presidents  acco't  proper  p'd  M. 
Frelinghuysen  for  a  bbl  of  seed  Oats 
bo't    for     the     President    by  him     .       2.00 

Sam'l  Fraunces  deliv'd  him  to  purchase 
sundries  for   the  Household      .     .     .  179.69 

House  Exp's.  p'd  for  7  5-8  cords  of  wood 

@  40/  wharfage  and  hauling     .     .     .     44.81 

D^^for  carrying*  piling  wood    .     .     .       1.62     237.12 


Washington's  Household  Account  Bookj  179S-1797.   181 

eoth 

Contg't  Exp'B  Dr  to  Caah 

Paid  for  Nob  27,  28,  29,  80  and  81  of 
Careys  Qeogrephy  2  copies  for  the 
President  and  Mrs  W — n     ....       2.50 

D*  deliv'd  Lau.  A.  "Washington  to  pay 

for  6  numbers  of  D^ 1.25         8.75 


Slst 


Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Stable  Exp's  p'd  for  67 J  bush  of  Oata  @  f     88.01 

D*  p'd  for  3  doz.  brooms 8.00 

House  Ezp's  p'd  Jno  Gaceer  a  mo'  wages 

due  1st  inst 10.00 

Ditto — ^p'd   Mr.  Vaughan  for  6  bottles 

Champaigne  got  as  a  sample     .     .     .       6.00 
Contg't    Exp's.  p*d.  for    a   p*  of  Music 

(Lullaby)  for  Nelly  Custis  by  order    .         .25 
D*  p*d  Eliz.  Smart  in  fall  for  sundries  for 

Mrs  Washington    p*r  bill     .     .     .     .     47.75 
D*  p'd  for  hair  powder,  pomatum  etc.  for 

the  Presid*  and  Mrs  W—    ....       6.28 
D*  p'd  for  2  pr  raw  silk  hose  for  the 

President 4.40 

D* — ^p'd  for  washing  silk  hose  for  the 

President 88     110.02 

eSrd  


Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Contg't  Exp's  p'd  Mrs.  Groombringe  for 
instructing  Miss  Custis  in  Embroidery     12.29 

D* — ^gave  a  poor  Mason  by  order    .     .       1. — 

House  Exp's  pM.  Ann  Warner  k  Eliza 

Pister  for  work  done  in  the  house     •       7.00 

Cash—    Dr  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U.  S. 

Rec'd.  on  acco't  of  the  President's  com- 
pensation       1000. 


182      Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  1798-1797. 


eeth 


Sam'l.  Fraunces  Dr.  to  Cash 

Deliv'd  him  to  purchase  sundries  for  the 

Household 229.45 


^th 


Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Contg't  Exp's  deliv'd  the  president  to  re- 
mit to  Mr.  Anderson  on  acco't  of  his 
publication— The  Bee — 28.66 

D****  p'd   Jos.   Anthony  Jr  in   full   for 

sundries  furnished  pr.  bill  &  rec't.     .     70.17 

D*  gave  a  poor  woman  by  order —     .     .       1.50 

House  Exp's  pd.  Jos   Sims  in  full  for  2 

pipes  Mad*  Wine  including  charges  etc  477.79     578.12 

28th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

The  President's  acco't  propr.  paid  Char- 
don  k  Co  for  SO  pss  paper  hangings  to 
send  to   Virg« 22.00 

Contgt  Exp's  deliv'd  Lau.  A.  Wash- 
ington to  pay  his  hairdresser     .     .     .       5.50       27.50 

SOth  

Stable  Exps.  Dr  to  Cash. 

Paid  for  hauling  2  loads  of  hay  bo't  of 

M.  Mifflin  in  May  &  June  '93     .     .     .       4.00 

Slst  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Contg't.  Exp's  p'd  for  No  82  of  Carey's 
Geog.  for  the  President  &  Mr's  Wash- 
ington 1  copy  each 50 

D**  p'd  for  1  copy  for  Lau  A.  Washington         .25 

D**  p'd  for  making  8  shirts  for  Hercules 

k  Austin 4.07 

D*  delivered  Mrs.  Washington     .     .     .       7.00 

Stable  Exp's  p'd  for  100  bundles  Straw       5.00       16.82 


Washingtm's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797.     183 

—  Jum  Sd  — 
Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Sam'l  Fraunces  deliv'd  him  to  purchase 

sundries  for  the  house 162.83 

Stable  Exp's.  p'd  for  a  hundred  bundles 

straw 6.00 

House  Exp's  p'd.  Patty  Channing  for  2 

mos  wages 12. 

D*  p'd.  Mary  Bailey  one  mos  wages  •     .       5.         184.38 

4th  

Contg't  Exp's  Dr  to  Cash. 

Paid  James  Qreenleaf  on  accot  of  T. 
Lear  for  sundries  purchas'd  by  him 
for  the  President  per  acco't    ....  109. 
P'd  for  Box  in  the  New  Theatre    ...       8.         117.00 

5th  


Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

House  Exp's — ^p'd  God'y  Gebler  for  sun- 
dry jobs  per  bill 1.90 

D'  p'd  Jos  Andr6  wages  to  the  1st  inst.     10.10 

Stable  Exp's  p'd.  Godfrey  Gebler  in  full 
for  shoeing  horses  from  1st  of  Nov" 
last 41.80 

Contg't  Exp's— p'd  Tho's  Fenton  for 
shoes  for  Mrs.  W  &  Miss  Custis      .     .     18.20      71.50 

6th  

Contg't  Exp's  Dr.  to  Cash. 

Paid  for  setting  a  seal  in  gold  for  Mrs 

Washington 6.00 

Cash — ^Dr  to  the  Treasury  of  the  TJ.  States. 

Ree'd  on  acco't  of  the  President's  Com- 
pensation      1000. 

9th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

House  Exp's — ^p'd  for  sawing  wood    .     .         .75 


184     Washington's  Household  Account  Book^  1793-1797. 

D* — ^p'd  SamT  Fraunces  his  wages  in  full 
to  the  end  of  this  month  together  with 
a  mos  wages  given  him  by  the  Presi- 
dent        100. 

D*  p'd  Ann  Warner  for  7  days  work      .       3.60 
Sam'I  Frannces,  deliv'd  him  to  discharge 
his  weekly  acco't  k  sundry  bills  as  ex- 
hibited   this    day   when   he  left  the 
Presidt's.  services 179.78     288.98 

10th 

Contg't  Exp'  Dr  to  Cash 

Paid  Mrs  Pearson  for  work  done  for  Mrs 

Washington 22.20 

nth  

Contg't  Exp's  Dr.  to  Cash 

Contg't  Exp's  deliv'd  to  the  President  to 
to  defray  his  Exp's  to  Virginia  .     .     .  280. 
\                                         D*  p'd  for  box  in  the  New  Theatre     .     .       8. 
J                                         House  Exp's  p'd  Pat  Kennedy  a  months 
'  wages 11.         299. 

ISth  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

House  Exp's  p'd  for  sawing  wood       .     .         .50 
Ditto  p'd  for  6  cords  of  hickory  wood, 

wharfage  &c 29.89 

i  Contg't  Exp's  gave  Oney  by  Mrs.  W.'s 

ll  order  to  pay  for  making  a  gown     .     .         .60 

M  Ditto  p'd  Jos.  M*Alpin  on  accot  of  Lau. 

A.  Washington 68.81 

D* — pd  ditto  for  work  done  for  the  Presi- 

dentB  family 181.21     266.41 

Ij^th  

Contgt.  Exp's                              Dr.  to  Cash 
Contg't  Exp's — p'd  freight  of  a  box  and 
a  bundle  to  Alexandria 76 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book^  179S-1797.     185 

Ditto — ^p'd  Geo.  Meade  in  foil  for  freight 
of  a  harpsichord  imported  for  Mies 
CuBtiB 18.20 

D""  p'd  Dr.  Bafis  his  acco't  in  full   .     .     .     41.68       66.68 

16th  

Jas  Oermaine  Dr  to  Cash 

Delivered  him  to  purchase  sundries  for 

the  Presidents  household 204.80 

17th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contg't  Exp's  p'd  Thos.  Sargeant  for 

tuition  of  Miss  N.  Custis 24.08 

The  Presidents  acco't  proper  p'd  for  5" 

Tumipseed  to  send  to  M*  Vernon  .     .       6.67      80.70 

Slst 

Contg't  Exp's.  Dr  to  Cash. 

Paid  John  Phile  for  stockings  for  Martin 

&  Austin 7.26 

Paid  for  a  swivel  for  a  watch  chain  for 

Mrs  Waflhington 12         7.87 

23d 

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contg't  Exp's  deliv'd  Lau :  A.  Washing- 
ton 8  weeks  pocket  money    ....       8. 

Ditto  p'd  for  Nos.  88  &  84  of  Carey's 

Geog'y  for  him 50 

Ditto  p'd  for  do.  for  President  and  Mrs 

W ^n  one  copy  each 1.00 

Ditto  delivd  to  Mrs  Washington   .     .     .      8.00 

Ditto  p'd  for  a  Greek  Lexicon  for  Geo 

Custis 2.00 

Ditto  p'd  a  man  who  brought  a  piece  of 

beef  from  the  wharf 60 

James  Germaine,  delivd  him  to  purchase 

sundries 100.         120. 


\ 


186     WashingtmCs  Household  Account  Book,  179S''1797. 


Sundries  Dr  to  Caah 

The  Presideuts  acco't  proper  p'd  Chas 

L.  Carter  on  acco't  of  Colo  B.  Ball     .     25. 
Contg't  Exp'e  p'd  Jno  Jones  for  Sundry 
jobs  per  bill 5.87.      30.37 

26th  

Conting't  Exp's  Dr  to  Cash 

Delivered  to  Mrs  Washington  ....     20.00 

Paid  for  glass  ink  stand  and  sand  box  for 
Patty  Custis  &  2  p"  music  for  Nelly  by 
order 2.00 

Paid  for  a  bottle  of  essence  for  the  tooth- 
ache for  Nellie  Custis 25       22.25 

28th  


Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Contingt  Exp's.   p'd    for    two   bobbins 

silver  cord  for  Mrs  Washington  .  .  6.00 
D*  pd  for  a  p'r  of  stays  for  Ny  Custis  9.00 
Stable  Exp's  p'd  for  9  bush  bran  .  .  .  4.20 
D^  pd  for  3  tons  1\  cwt  Hay  lot  from  the 

form  of  Mr  Claymer 46.16       65.36 

SOth  

Jas  Germaine  Dr.  to  Cash 

Deliv'd  him  to  purchase  sundries  for  the 

Household 104.96 

(To  be  oontinaed.) 


A  Brief  History  of  the  Monongahela  Bridge.         187 


A  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE  MONONGAHELA  BRIDGE, 
PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

BY  HERBERT  DU  PUT. 

As  the  original  of  the  present  structure  spanning  the 
Monongahela  River  at  the  foot  of  Smithfield  Street  was  one 
of  the  earliest  of  Pittsburgh's  monuments,  it  might  be  well 
to  give  some  slight  description  of  the  conditions  which  sur- 
rounded its  organization  and  something  regarding  its  diffi- 
culties and  troubles,  together  with  a  brief  outline  of  its  life 
from  its  construction,  through  three  stnictures  to  the  pres- 
ent time. 

Pittsburgh  in  the  early  years  of  the  last  century  was*  a 
small  straggling  center  occupying  principally  the  Eastern 
bank  of  the  Monongahela  River.  The  banks  on  both  sides 
were  covered  with  foliage,  and  forest  trees  found  firm  root 
in  the  soil  where  now  busy  teams  haul  laden  wagons  over 
well-paved  streets.  At  that  time  the  Southside,  from  the 
bridge  site  up  the  river  for  a  mile  or  two,  was  extensive 
open  meadow-land,  with  two  or  three  orchards  and  a  dozen 
or  so  dwellings.  Where  Mt.  Washington  now  stands  the 
hillsides  were  covered  with  woods  where  the  youth  of  that 
day  did  their  shooting,  wild-pigeons  being  often  found 
there  in  great  numbers.  On  the  Pittsburgh  side  of  the 
river,  near  the  site  of  the  bridge-approach,  where  now  stands 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  station,  stood  a  monarch 
poplar  tree,  so  prominent  that  for  many  years  it  was  shown 
on  the  drop-curtain  in  the  old  Library  Hall.  Nearby,  where 
now  stands  the  Monongahela  House,  did  the  Hon.  William 
Willdns  live,  his  grounds  being  beautifully  laid  out  with 
flowers  and  shrubs.  At  that  time  all  traffic  passing  from 
one  side  of  the  river  to  the  other,  was  carried  at  the  foot  of 
Smithfield  Street  on  a  little  ferry-boat  owned  by  Enoch 
Wright  of  Westmoreland  County  and  Andrew  Herd  of 


188  A  Brief  History  of  the  Monangahda  Bridge. 

Allegheny  County,  who  leased  the  "buildings,  ferry  and 
improvements  "  to  one  Robert  Shanhan.  Where  the  ferry 
landed  on  the  South  side,  stood  Enoch  Wright's  stone 
house.  Such  was  the  appearance  of  the  surroundings  early 
in  the  Spring  of  1810  when  a  few  prominent  members  of 
the  Borough  of  Pittsburgh  met  together  for  the  purpose  of 
seeing  what  might  be  done  towards  the  construction  of  a 
bridge  at  this  point.  They  were  James  O'Hara,  Wm.  Mc- 
Candless,  David  Evans,  Ephraim  Pentland,  Jacob  Beltz- 
hoover,  Adamson  Tannehill,  Thomas  Cromwell,  Thomas 
Enochs,  Dr.  George  Stevenson. 

After  thoroughly  canvassing  the  situation,  they  decided 
to  memorialize  the  Legislature  of  the  State  for  a  charter  of 
incorporation  for  what  they  felt  was  a  necessity  and  what 
they  hoped  would  turn  out  to  be  a  valuable  and  important 
franchise. 

On  the  19th  of  March,  1810,  an  Act  was  passed  by  the 
Legislature  authorizing  the  Governor  to  incorporate  a  Com- 
pany for  erecting  a  Bridge  over  the  River  Monongahela  at 
Pittsburgh  in  the  County  of  Allegheny. 

It  provided  that  on  or  before  the  1st  of  May,  1810,  books 
for  soliciting  subscriptions  should  be  opened ;  that  notice 
should  be  given  in  "  all  the  public  newspapers  in  the  Boro 
of  Pittsburgh,  and  one  printed  in  the  town  of  Washington 
in  Washington  County,  one  printed  in  Uniontown  in  Fay- 
ette County,  and  one  printed  in  tlie  Boro  of  Greensburg  in 
Westmoreland  County,  during  one  calendar  month,  of  the 
time  and  place,  when  and  where  said  subscription  books 
shall  be  opened  by  the  Commission,  and  they  shall  be  kept 
open  for  six  hours  in  each  of  six  judicial  days  until  2000 
shares  shall  be  subscribed." 

An  advertisement  was  inserted  under  date  of  April  9th, 
1810,  in  the  "Pittsburgh  Gazette"  of  April  27th,  1810,  ^v- 
ing  public  notice  that  books  for  the  purpose  of  receiving 
subscriptions  to  the  capital  stock  for  erecting  said  bridge 
would  be  opened  at  the  time  and  in  the  following  places : 
viz,  "  at  the  Court  House  in  the  Boro  of  Pittsburgh  on  Sat- 
urday the  6th  day  of  May  next,  at  11  o'clock  a.  m. 


A  Brief  History  of  the  Monongahda  Bridge.  189 

"  At  Washington  on  Monday  the  2l8t  day  of  May  next, 
at  the  house  of  Matthew  Oeheltree. 

"  At  Uniontown  on  Monday  the  28th  day  of  May  next, 
at  the  house  of  Thomas  Collins,  at  11  o'clock  a.  m. 

"  At  Qreensburg,  on  Monday  the  4th  day  of  June  next, 
at  the  house  of  Samuel  Drum,  at  11  o'clock  a.  m. 

"  At  which  times  and  places  some  one  of  the  Commis- 
sioners will  attend  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  subscrip- 
tions and  the  first  payment  thereon,  agreeably  to  law.'* 

The  Commissioners  then  named  were  those  who  were 
active  in  bringing  about  the  passage  of  this  Act  and  who 
were  named  above  as  being  instrumental  in  securing  its 
passage. 

These  Commissioners  met  in  accordance  with  the  adver- 
tisement, and  under  the  terms  of  the  Act  were  to  receive 
Letters  of  Incorporation  when  1000  shares  of  stock  were 
subscribed  and  duly  certified  to,  under  the  style  and  title  of 
"The  President,  Managers  and  Company  for  erecting  a 
bridge  over  the  River  Monongahela  in  the  Boro  of  Pitts- 
burgh, County  of  Allegheny,"  with  all  the  privileges  inci- 
dent to  a  corporation,  which  shall  have  perpetual  succession 
and  the  power  to  increase  the  capital  stock  to  |1 00,000  and 
the  par  value  of  each  share  being  f  25.00. 

Every  effort  was  made  at  this  time  to  secure  the  neces- 
sary ftinds  with  which  to  organize  the  work,  but  ill-luck 
met  all  the  efforts  of  those  having  the  matter  in  hand,  and 
the  scheme  lay  dormant  during  several  years  afterward. 
However,  early  in  1816  renewed  efforts  were  made  to  re- 
suscitate the  work,  and  to  do  so  it  required  an  amendment 
to  the  original  charter,  so  that  a  new  bill  was  prepared  and 
sent  to  Harrisburg  as  supplemental  to  the  ori^nal  charter, 
and  this  was  presented  to  the  Legislature  and  first  read  Jan. 
13th,  1816,  and  on  the  17th  it  was  passed  as  "An  Act  rela- 
tive to  building  certain  bridges  over  the  Monongahela  and 
Allegheny  rivers  opposite  Pittsburgh." 

After  the  failure  to  secure  sufiScient  capital  to  do  the  work 
under  the  original  charter  of  1810,  a  new  set  of  men  took 


190  A  Brief  History  of  the  Monongahela  Bridge. 

hold  of  the  scheme  and  through  their  earnest  efforts,  both 
direct  and  through  their  friends  at  Harrisburg,  in  time  se- 
cured the  passage  of  this  supplemental  bill.  A  letter  still 
extant  shows  how  earnest  were  the  efforts  of  these  early 
;  .';■  pioneers.     It  reads  as  follows : 

J, ,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  Jan.  10th,  1816. 

Dear  Sir: — 
[j^ .  We  will  thank  you  when  at  Harrisburg  to  pay  that  attention  to  the 

■i ,  petition  from  this  place  praying  for  the  incorporation  of  a  company  to 

^-  erect  a  bridge  from  the  end  of  Smith  field  Street  across  the  Monongahela 

f^  Bayer  and  use  your  exertion  to  promote  this  yaluable  and  important 

5  object. 

As  you  are  not  indiyidually  interested  in  the  subject,  permit  us  to 
tender  you  an  offer  to  remunerate  you  for  your  expenses  whilst  absent. 
Very  Respectfully 

Your  Mends, 

Christian  Latshaw 
John  Thaw 
Wm^Wilkins 
Fr*d.  Holmes 
I '  Joseph  McClurg,  and 

P.  GiLLELAND. 

To  Samuel  Douglass,  Esq. 

It  may  be  noted  that  this  amended  bill  links  together  the 
Monongahela  and  Allegheny  River  bridges  in  the  same  Act. 
It  of  course  will  be  remembered  at  this  early  day  the  ifriends 
of  one  Bridge  Company  worked  vnth  the  friends  of  the 
other ;  in  fact,  many  of  those  interested  in  one  being  like- 
wise interested  in  the  other  scheme  and  were  the  Mononga- 
hela River  people  unsuccessful  in  floating  their  scheme  in 
1810  the  same  financial  difliculties  attended  the  other.  This 
is  why  the  Act  of  1816  increased  the  tolls  to  be  charged 
and  made  it  easier  for  the  Commissioners  to  secure  sub- 
scriptions to  the  stock.  The  following  month,  namely,  on 
Feb.  17th,  1816,  an  Act  was  passed  in  which  the  Governor 
"  was  authorized  to  subscribe  for  1600  shares  of  the  stocks 
in  the  Monongahela  and  Allegheny  River  bridges,  one-half 
to  be  paid  when  the  piers  and  abutments  are  constructed, 
and  the  other  when  the  superstructure  is  raised." 


A  Brief  History  of  the  JMonongahda  Bridge,         191 

Soon  after  the  passage  of  this  bill  the  incorporators  met 
and  published  the  following  notice  : 

Pittsburgh,  Monday  April  15,  1816. 

This  day  books  will  be  open  at  the  house  of  Henry  Westbay,  comer 
of  Wood  and  Third-streets,  to  receive  subscriptions  to  the  stock  for 
erecting  a  BRIDGE  oyer  the  riyer  Monongahela,  at  the  end  of  Smith- 
field-street. 

Shares,  twenty-five  dollars;  of  which  five  dollars  are  to  be  paid  at  the 
time  of  subscribing. 

This  notice  was  printed  in  the  form  of  a  hand-bill  and 
these  were  mailed  to  all  prominent  places  to  catch  the  pub- 
lic eye.  Pursuant  to  this  call,  those  having  the  City's  in- 
terest at  heart  subscribed  to  the  shares  of  the  new  company 
as  follows : 

Wm.  Wilkins,  per  John  Thaw  200  shares 

James  Boss 200     " 

Oliver  Ormsby 200    ** 

Sutton  McMickel 100     *' 

George  Anshutz  and  Anshutz  Robinson.    .  200     ' ' 

Christian  Latshaw 100     '* 

John  Thaw 50     '* 

Joseph  McClurg 50     '* 

Thomas  Baird  &  Co 50     *' 

Walter  Glenn 20     *' 

J.Denis 15     ** 

Henry  Holdship 50     " 

Wm.  Arb,  Jr., 20     " 

Nathaniel  Richardson  20     *' 

James  O'Hara 100     '* 

Abraham  Kirkpatrick  20     '' 

P.  Gileland 20     " 

Peter  Mowry 20     ** 

James  Gray 50     '' 

George  Robinson 10     ^' 

James  S.  Stevenson          ....  20     '' 

Robert  H.  Peebles  25     '' 

Edward  Pennington  8     " 

Wm.  Lecky 10     '* 

George  Patten 10     ** 

John  Hodge 20     ** 

Samuel  Smith 20     ** 


'■■> 


192  A  Brief  Bistort/  of  the  Monongahda  Bridge. 

Bicbard  RobiDBon 10  sbares 

Wm.  Arthurs 10  *' 

Tbomas  Liggett 10  << 

Benjamin  Eendreth  .         .  20  " 

John  Osborne 10  " 

Bobert  Cochran 10  " 

;  Bakewell,  Page  &  Bakewell       ...  50  << 

:  ^  Jamee  Liggett 10  '< 

-    !  Thomas  Cooper 10  " 

i  /  D.  A  J.  Chute 10  " 

f  James  Patterson 15  " 

..  ^  John  McDonald 20  " 

f     ^  Nathaniel  Plummer,  Jr.  ...  20  « 

Benjamin  Leyey 20  " 

Sarah  Starkey 20  *' 

John  Cochran 10  *' 

:   ^  Jacob  Beltzhooyer 20  *« 

John  McCormick 10  « 

i  In  accordance  with  the  Act  of  the  Legislature,  Simon 

Snyder,  on  the  22nd  of  July,  1816,  being  then  Governor  of 

^     ^  the  State,  subscribed  for  and  in  behalf  of  the  Common- 

\  wealth,  for  1600  shares,  so  that  the  entire  subscriptions  at 

.  this  time  amounted  to  8488  shares  including  the  large  sub- 

f    *  scription  of  the  State.     As  the  latter  was  not  payable  until 

the  piers  were  finished,  when  the  half  of  it  would  be  due, 
the  incorporators  had  to  depend  on  the  receipts  of  the  first 

)  payment  on  the  other  1888  shares,  which  at  the  subscrip- 

tion price  of  f  5  per  share  in  cash,  gave  the  Company  a  lit- 
tle less  than  f  10,000  with  which  to  start  its  work.  It  may 
be  said  with  pride  that  of  all  the  shares  subscribed,  only  144 
were  forfeited  on  account  of  non-payment  thereon.  Owing 
to  the  success  of  this  subscription,  it  was  now  decided  to 

ir  begin  active  work,  so,  on  June  11,  1816,  the  foUomng 

,'  named  persons  were   chosen   Managers:  President,  Wm. 

!•:    '  Wilkins ;  Managers,  James  Ross,  David  Pride,  Christian 

Latshaw,  George  Anshutz,  Thomas  Baird,  Wm.  McCand- 

)    s  less,  Philip    Qileland,  Benj.  Page;  Treasurer  and  Clerk, 

i  John  Thaw. 

Ft 

j/  In  the  Act  of  Feb.   17,  1816,  which  as  above  stated. 


i 


I 

I 


tt 


L 


A  Brief  History  of  the  Morumgahela  Bridge.  198 

amended  also  the  Charter  of  the  Allegheny  River  Bridge 
Company,  the  method  of  voting  is  fiiUy  covered  under  a 
peculiar  design  whereby  the  minority  stockholders  had  in 
proportion  to  their  holdings,  a  much  stronger  representa- 
tion and  power  than  did  the  holders  of  the  larger  interest. 
This  bill  provided  that  "  No  stockholder  shall  have  more 
than  one  vote  for  each  share  not  exceeding  five  shares,  one 
vote  for  every  two  shares  above  five  and  not  exceeding  ten, 
one  vote  for  every  four  shares  above  ten  and  not  exceeding 
twenty,  and  one  vote  for  every  six  shares  above  twenty ; 
provided  that  no  person  shall  have  more  than  twenty  votes 
at  any  election  or  in  determining  any  question  arising  at 
said  meeting,  whatever  number  of  shares  he  may  have  sub- 
scribed." The  result  of  this  peculiar  method  of  voting 
shows  that  a  man  with  five  shares  had  five  votes  while  to 
get  ten  votes  he  must  own  twenty-six  shares,  and  to  get 
nineteen  votes  he  must  own  eighty  shares,  while  to  secure 
the  maximum  number  of  twenty  votes  he  must  control 
eighty-six  shares  of  stock.  Seldom  were  there  more  than 
125  votes  cast  at  any  one  election,  though  the  total  capital 
amounted  to  6440  shares  at  this  time.  This  rule  worked 
so  curiously  that  in  the  election  of  1882  when  5903  shares 
were  used,  they  gave  but  85  votes. 

The  Board  of  Directors  just  elected  immediately  set  to 
work  to  accomplish  some  good,  and  in  order  to  get  rid  of 
the  ferry  which  then  monopolized  the  traffic  across  the 
river  and  to  secure  its  lands,  on  June  27,  1816,  an  applica- 
tion was  made  to  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  to  appoint 
three  discreet  and  disinterested  freeholders  to  decide  upon 
the  price  to  be  paid  for  the  properties  at  the  South  end  of 
the  proposed  bridge,  owned  by  Enoch  Wright  and  Jacob 
Beltzhoover,  together  with  the  ferry  opposite,  owned  by 
Enoch  Wright  and  Andrew  Herd,  and  the  interest  of 
Robert  Shanhan  as  lessor.  In  compliance  with  this  peti- 
tion, two  days  later  the  Court  appointed  as  Commissioners 
to  assess  these  damages,  Adamson  Tannehill,  Robert  Simp- 
son and  David  Evans.     The  proceedings   dragged  along 

VOL.  XXX. — 18 


9 


194  A  Brief  History  of  the  Morumgahda  Bridge. 


during  several  years,  so  that  before  they  were  concluded 
Adamson  Tannehill,  one  of  the  Commissioners,  died.  The 
Court  then  on  Oct.  21,  1822,  by  consent  of  the  attorneys, 
selected  John  Darragh  to  fill  the  vacancy.  These  men  met 
at  the  inn  of  James  Crossan  in  Pittsburgh,  where  all  the 
parties  at  interest  were  heard  together  with  their  witnesses, 
and  finally  a  settlement  was  reached  satisfactory  to  both 
y  '  sides.     In  the  meantime,  and  while  the  Commission  was 

\^  \  sitting,  on  Aug.  14th,  1816,  the  Borough  Councils  of  Pitts- 

J    j  burgh  gave  permission  to  use  the  wharf  at  the  end  of  Smith- 

"  field  Street  for  the  Northern  approach  to  the  proposed 

bridge.     On   July   9th,  1816,   while   this    ordinance   was 

\  pending  in  Councils,  the  contract  for  the  construction  of  a 

double-passage  wooden-bridge,  covered  from   end  to  end, 

was  made  with  Joseph  H.  Thompson,  fi-om  plans  furnished 

by  Lewis  Wernwag,  the  contract  price  being  f  110,000. 

So  great  was  the  interest  in  the  construction  of  this  first 

,  bridge  by  the  citizens  of  the  City  and  also  by  the  large 

number  of  country-people  who  came  to  town,  that  great 

' .  crowds  assembled  on  both  sides  of  the  river  to  watch  the 

steady  progress  of  the  structure.     At  length  the  people 

were  gratified  by  its  completion  and  on  October  10,  1818,  it 

was  first  opened  to  foot-passengers  and  during  the  following 

month  to  loaded  wagons. 

The  "  Gazette  "  of  November  24th,  1818,  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing account : 

MONONGAHELA   BRIDGE. 

On  Saturday  (November  2l8t)  the  last  arch  of  the  Monongahela 
bridge  being  completed  and  the  whole  floored,  the  undertakers  and 
builders  announced  the  pleasing  event  by  the  discharge  of  cannon  from 
the  middle  pier  and  the  display  of  the  United  States  flag  waving  over 
the  central  arch,  having  attached  to  its  stafl*  a  beautiful  banner  with  ap- 
propriate representations. 

The  City  Guards  and  the  new  company,  Washington  Guards,  from 
Birmingham,  paraded  on  their  respective  sides  of  the  river,  marched 
across  and  fired  salutes. 

In  the  afternoon  the  workmen  sat  down  to  a  substantial  dinner,  at 
which  Mr.  Johnson,  the  meritorious  undertaker  and  Superintendent,  ])re- 
sided. 


A  Brief  History  of  the  Monongahela  Bridge.         195 

The  following  toasts  were  drunk  : 

Fint — The  State  of  Pennsylyania — the  first  in  the  Union  for  the  num- 
ber and  beauty  of  its  bridges.^ 

Second — ^The  Legislature  of  Pennsylyania — their  liberality  has  j^kept 
bright  the  hammer  and  the  axe  of  the  bridge  builder. 

Third— The  Governor.' 

Fourth — ^The  President  of  the  United  States — may  the  route  of  his 
next  tour  be  entirely  bridged.* 

Fifth— The  Sixteenth  Congress. 

Sixth — Henry  Baldwin — above  high  water  mark.^ 

Seventh — ^Walter  Lowrie.* 

Eighth — ^The  President  of  the  Monongahela  Bridge  Company— dis- 
tinguished for  his  public  spirit.* 

Ninth — The  Managers  and  Company — ^may  their  success  equal  their 
enterprise. 

Offered  by  one  of  the  Managers :  The  Undertakers,  the  Builders  of 
the  Monongahela  Bridge — their  success  has  equaled  their  enterprise. 

At  the  time  of  the  opening  of  the  bridge,  Wm.  H.  Hart 
was  made  the  first  toll-collector,  and  continued  so  until  his 
death  on  March  18th,  1865,  having  fulfilled  the  duties  of 
his  office  for  nearly  47  years  with  ability,  firmness  and  un- 

>  The  sQlxcriptioni  to  the  stock  being  insufficient,  the  Legislature  under  the  Aet 
above  described,  subscribed  f6r  1600  shares  of  stock. 

«  Simon  Snyder. 

s  This  toast  was  in  reference  to  a  visit  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  James 
Monroe,  in  September  of  the  preceding  year.  He  had  been  making  a  tour  South  and 
West ;  arriving  by  the  Old  Washington  road  on  the  6th,  he  was  conducted  to  the  ferry- 
landing  on  the  South  Side  where  a  splendid  baige  manned  by  four  sea  captains  was  in 
waiting.  While  rowing  across  the  river  accompanied  by  a  band  of  music  a  national 
salute  was  fired  from  the  City.  TAndtng  he  was  received  with  military  honors  by  Oapl. 
Irwin's  Light  Infantry  Company,  the  authorities  of  the  aty  and  the  citisens  with  loud 
cheers.  A  fine  coach  with  four  horses  was  in  waiting  but  he  preferred  to  walk  with  hit 
escort  up  the  bank  to  the  elegant  residence  of  WUliam  Wilkins  (where  the  Mononga- 
hela House  now  stands).  On  the  day  following  the  Municipal  authorities  called  on  him, 
and  an  address  was  delivered  by  James  Ross,  President  of  the  Select  Council  and  Chaii^ 
man  of  the  Committee  of  Arrangements,  to  which  President  Monroe  made  an  appro- 
priate reply.  Afterwards  on  the  same  day,  he  visited  the  "  New  Garrison  **  as  the  United 
States  Arsenal  at  Lawrenceville  was  then  called.  On  the  following  day,  Sunday,  he 
attended  Divine  service  in  the  morning  at  the  Episcopal  Church  (old  Trinity,  usually 
called  the  Round  Church),  and  in  the  afternoon  at  the  First  Presbyterian.  He  remained 
in  Pittsburgh  visiting  the  different  manufactories  and  other  places  of  interest  until 
Wednesday,  the  10th,  when  he  departed  expeditiously  for  Washington  City. 

«  Mr.  Baldwin  was  then  our  distinguished  representative  in  Omgress. 

•  Walter  Lowrie,  of  Butler,  the  leading  member  of  the  State  Senate,  was  afterwards, 
from  1819  to  1825,  United  SUtes  Senator. 

•  Wm.  WUkins,  later  our  Minister  to  Russia,  and  one  of  the  moat  progressive  and 
active  men  of  the  times.  He  was  the  first  President  of  the  Company  and  remained  to 
until  his  death  on  June  23rd,  1865,  at  the  age  of  86  yean. 


t 


I 


196  A  Brief  History  of  Morumgahda  Bridge. 


swerving  integrity.  Mr.  John  Thaw,  elected  at  the  first 
meeting  of  the  Managers  on  June  11th,  1816,  as  Treasurer 
and  Clerk,  the  latter  covering  the  office  of  Superintendent, 
was  the  father  of  the  late  Wm.  Thaw,  and  many  of  his  de- 
scendants have  since  held  prominent  places  in  this  com- 
munity. Faithfully  and  with  his  well-known  business  pre- 
cision and  exactness,  did  he  retain  the  direction  of  the  busi- 
ly ness  affairs  of  the  bridge  until  his  death  on  Sept.  3rd,  1866, 

in  the  87th  year  of  his  age,  thus  having  served  the  Com- 
pany over  50  years.  Succeeding  Mr.  Hart  the  Board  chose 
as  his  Assistant  Montgomery  Fedder,  who  had  been  a  toll- 
keeper  for  many  years.  In  consideration  of  his  services, 
the  Board  on  March  3rd,  1879,  elected  Mr.  Fedder  to  be- 
come one  of  itB  members.  He  held  this  position  and  also 
that  of  Superintendent  until  his  death  on  Sept  24,  1884. 

The  old  portal  at  the  end  of  Smithtield  Street  as  it  then 
stood  with  its  quaint  old-fashioned  entrance,  gave  rather 
the  appearance  of  a  door-way  to  a  country  barn  than  the 
openings  to  a  bridge  crossing  an  important  river.  In  the 
upper  part  of  the  portal  and  above  the  entrance  to  the 
bridge  lived  the  toll-keeper,  Mr.  Hart,  and  his  family.  The 
covered  structure  had  windows  at  occasional  intervals  along 
its  sides  to  admit  light,  but  at  best,  within  was  always  dark 
and  gloomy.  The  sight  of  such  a  peculiar  structure  caused 
wonderment  and  surprise  to  those  first  beholding  it.  In 
speaking  of  it  some  years  since,  the  late  Judge  J.  W.  F. 
White  recalled  his  first  impressions.  Said  he, "  I  will  never 
forget  the  first  time  I  saw  the  old  bridge.  I  was  with  my 
aunt,  an  old  lady  who  had  long  promised  to  take  me  to  the 
City,  and  as  we  reached  the  top  of  Coal  Hill,  coming  in 
from  Washington  County  where  we  then  lived,  I  saw  first 
the  river  and  then  the  bridge.  Looking  down  from  the 
high  hill  at  the  two  little  black  holes  as  they  appeared  to 
me  in  the  bridge,  I  said,  *  Why,  Aunt,  do  horses  walk  on 
top  of  the  bridge?'  <No,'  said  she,  *they  go  through  the 
bridge.'  I  told  her  that  I  thought  she  was  mistaken,  and 
it  was  not  until  we  had  descended  the  hill  and  nearly 


A  Brief  History  of  the  Monongahela  Bridge.         197 

reached  the  entrance  that  I  discovered  horses  could  actually 
go  through  it  and  not  over  it." 

In  1838  there  existed  just  below  the  bridge  a  sandbar  or 
island  where  it  was  customary  for  the  people  of  that  day 
to  have  their  out-door  celebrations.  It  stood  two  or  three 
feet  above  the  surface  of  the  water  and  on  one  occasion  in 
this  year  an  ox-roast  was  held  there  in  a  grand  jubilee 
gotten  up  by  the  Democrats  after  the  election  of  David  R, 
Porter.  To  reach  the  island  on  the  day  of  the  roast,  a 
pontoon  bridge  was  constructed  of  keelboats  running  from 
the  bar  to  the  shore.  The  late  Col.  Wm.  Phillips  was  then 
a  leader  in  the  ranks  of  the  Democratic  party  and  dealt  out 
ribs  of  roast  with  a  lavish  hand.  A  considerable  crowd  of 
on-lookers  peered  through  the  windows  of  the  old  bridge 
in  such  numbers  as  to  excite  the  Superintendent  and  to 
cause  him  great  anxiety  for  the  safety  of  the  structure.  A 
few  hours  after  the  meeting  had  adjourned  rain  commenced 
to  fall,  and  the  next  morning  not  a  grain  of  sand  of  the 
island  waa  to  be  seen  above  the  surface  of  the  water. 

A  few  years  after  it  opened,  the  bridge  in  1818  began  to 
show  some  degree  of  profit,  and  steadily  increased  until  on 
June  4th,  1844,  the  Managers  declared  the  first  dividend, 
when  3  per  cent,  waa  divided  among  the  stockholders.  For  a 
few  years  longer  these  payments  were  kept  up,  until  on  Jan. 
2l8t,  1832,  owing  to  the  weak  construction  of  the  pier  near 
the  North  end  of  the  bridge,  ice  carried  it  out,  dropping 
down  two  spans  into  the  river  below.  The  Board  of  Managers 
threw  up  their  hands  in  terror  when  they  beheld  the  struc- 
ture which  they  had  nursed  so  careftiUy  and  upon  which 
they  had  worked  so  hard,  thus  suddenly  lose  its  usefulness. 
The  calamity  was  more  than  their  treasury  could  stand,  and 
afl^r  full  consultation  they  determined  again  to  appeal  to 
the  generosity  of  the  State  for  assistance.  Their  friends  at 
Harrisburg  on  May  6th,  1832,  went  to  their  rescue  and  on 
that  day  passed  a  bill  authorizing  the  Governor  to  subscribe 
and  pay  for  400  additional  shares  of  stock,  making  the 
State's  ownership  at  this  time  2000  shares  of  stock.     On 


198  A  Brief  History  of  theJUonongahela  Bridge. 

May  28th,  1832,  the  Governor  paid  this  money  into  the 
treasury  of  the  Bridge  Company  and  with  it  the  pier  was 
re-built  and  the  lost  spans  recovered  so  that  on  October 
29th,  1832,  after  being  closed  down  during  ten  months,  the 
public  were  again  permitted  to  cross  over  it. 

In  1844,  the  Commonwealth,  being  in  need  of  funds, 
sold  its  2000  shares  of  this  stock  at  a  price  which  netted  it 
under  f  16  per  share,  and  since  this  time  the  ownership  of 
the  bridge  has  been  divided  up  among  many   citizens  of 
the  Commonwealth  from  one  end  of  the  State  to  the  other. 
On  April  10th,  1845,  at  2  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  the 
old  bridge  which  had  stood  for  27  years,  caught  fire  and 
within  10  minutes  was  totally  destroyed  in  the  great  confla- 
gration which  swept  on  that  day  over  the  lower  part  of  the 
City,  leaving  40  acres  of  ruins  at  night  where  the  morning 
before  had    stood   the   principal   portion   of  Pittsburgh's 
buildings.  The  blow  was  stunning  and  for  a  time  it  seemed 
that  it  would  be  fatal  to  the  prosperity  of  the  town,  but 
soon  the  native  energy  asserted    itself  and  the  work  of 
restoration  began.     The  old  Bridge  Company  keenly  felt 
the  necessity  of  re-establishing  communication   with   the 
South  Side,  but  were  in  no  financial  condition  to  incur  any 
heavy  expense.     Every  one  seemed  to  be  ruined  and  it  was 
questionable  whether  the  required  funds  looking  towards 
the  re-building  of  the  bridge,  could  be  raised ;  therefore,  the 
first  thing  which  entered  into  the  minds  of  the  Board  of 
Managers  was  the  question  of  cost   At  that  time  Mr.  John 
A.  Roebling  of  Trenton,  N.  J.,  was  completing  the  con- 
struction of  the  Aqueduct  across  the  Allegheny  River,  con- 
necting the  Pennsylvania  Canal  with  the  basins  within  the 
City,  which  enabled  him  to  introduce  the  plan  of  suspen- 
sion bridges  which  he  had  in  view.     He  seized  upon  the 
occasion  to  make  and  suggest  a  plan  and  estimate  for  a 
wire  suspension  bridge,  in  which  the  abutments  and  the 
seven  dilapidated  piers  of  the  burnt  bridge  might  be  util- 
ized.    Having  all  the  mechanical  appliances  required  in 
the  execution  of  the  work,  together  with  the  skilled  and 


A  Brief  History  of  the  Momngahela  Bridge,         199 

unskilled  workmen  whom  he  was  then  employing  on  the 
Aqueduct,  he  determined  not  to  miss  the  opportunity  of 
introducing  his  distinctive  form  of  construction  to  the 
world.  He  therefore  met  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the 
Bridge  Company,  spread  out  his  plan  and  offered  to  con- 
struct this  bridge  at  a  cost  of  $55,000,  the  masonry  requir- 
ing fl3,125  of  this  amount,  so  that  the  superstructure 
would  cost  but  $41,880.  It  is  possible  that  no  other  bridge 
in  the  world  of  the  same  length,  having  a  double  carriage- 
way and  two  sidewalks,  was  ever  constructed  so  cheaply. 
Mr.  Roebling  figured  this  to  be  the  actual  cost  of  the  work, 
leaving  to  future  works  the  proper  remuneration.  The 
offer  of  construction  was  so  low  that  the  Board  of  Man- 
agers of  the  bridge  accepted  it,  and  20  days  after  the  de- 
struction of  the  old  bridge,  or  on  May  1st,  the  work  of  pre- 
paring for  the  new  one  was  commenced.  The  abutments 
and  piers  of  the  old  bridge  had  been  greatly  damaged  by 
the  fire,  requiring  the  injured  portions  to  be  taken  down 
and  replaced  by  new  masonry. 

The  piers  were  50  ft  in  length  at  the  bottom,  86  ft.  high, 
lift,  wide  at  the  top.  Two  bodies  of  cut-stone  masonry, 
9  ft.  square  and  8  ft^  high,  were  erected  on  each  pier  at  a 
distance  of  18  ft.  apart.  On  these  the  bed-plates  were  laid 
fqr  the  support  of  the  cast-iron  towers  to  which  the  cables 
were  suspended  by  means  of  pendulums,  each  span  being 
supported  by  two  separate  cables,  there  being  in  the  whole 
bridge  16  cables.  In  speaking  of  this  construction,  Wash- 
ington A.  Roebling,  the  distinguished  son  who  afterwards 
built  the  great  Brooklyn  bridge  in  New  York,  said  that 
"the  peculiar  features  of  the  Monongahela  Bridge  were 
the  pendulums,  as  by  means  of  these  any  concentrated  load 
upon  one  span  was  distributed  over  all  the  others  firom 
anchorage  to  anchorage.  By  this  means  it  became  possible 
to  use  such  small  towers  which  were  built  on  the  narrow 
piers  of  the  old  bridge.'' 

In  consequence  of  this  pendulum  system,  several  times 
in  the  existence  of  the  old  structure,  during  high  water 


200  A  Brief  History  of  the  Monongahela  Bridge. 

the  river-men  were  enabled  to  pass  their  boats  under, 
whereas  without  such  construction  they  would  have  had  to 
await  the  river's  fall.  In  cases  where  they  lacked  up  to  9" 
of  headway  in  the  channel-span,  it  frequently  occurred  that 
the  passage  of  wagons  was  stopped  on  the  two  contiguous 
spans,  thereby  depressing  them  and  raising  the  channel- 
span  sufficient  to  let  the  boats  through.  On  one  occasion 
Wm.  Robinson,  by  means  of  heavily  loaded  teams  stationed 
in  this  manner,  raised  the  channel-span  14",  which  allowed 
his  boats  to  pass  under.  Before  the  completion  of  the 
piers  and  abutments,  Mr.  Hoebling  made  an  earnest  effort 
to  raise  the  level  of  the  bridge  10  feet,  but  without  avail. 
Quite  a  bitter  controversy  arose  on  the  subject.  The  up- 
river  interests  called  for  its  raising,  while  in  Pittsburgh  it 
was  urged  that  by  giving  a  greater  headway  over  the  chan- 
nel it  would  allow  boats  to  ascend  direct  to  Brownsville, 
leaving  Pittsburgh  as  a  way-station  between  the  West  and 
the  East.  In  those  days  Brownsville  was  the  point  where 
the  National  Road— one  of  the  main  arteries  of  Western 
travel — struck  the  Western  waters ;  from  thence  handsome 
packets  brought  the  travel  to  Pittsburgh,  this  travel  form- 
ing an  important  item  in  our  resources,  as  the  passengers 
generally  lay  over  at  least  one  night  in  Pittsburgh  jbefore 
taking  steamer  for  their  Western  homes,  this  delay  furnish- 
ing opportunity  to  our  merchants  and  manufacturers  to  se- 
cure many  good  customers.  Therefore  the  general  feeling 
was  averse  to  doing  anything  which  might  impair  this  ad- 
vantage and  move  the  head  of  navigation  farther  up  the 
river  to  Brownsville.  The  feeling  became  so  strong  along 
f  the  river  that  in  the  year  1845  the  "  Brownsville  Herald  " 

charged  the  Hon.  Wm.  Wilkins,  the  President  of  the 
Bridge  Company,  with  successfully  opposing  building  the 
bridge  at  an  increased  height  upon  the  ground  that  it 
would  let  boats  pass  up  to  Brownsville  to  the  injury  of 
Pittsburgh.  In  answer  to  this,  Mr.  Neville  B.  Craig,  the 
editor  of  the  "  Pittsburgh  Gazette,"  said  that  he  doubted 
the  correctness  of  such  report  and  denied  that  the  re-build- 


'I 


A  Brief  History  of  the  lHonongahela  Bridge.  201 

ing  of  the  old  bridge  or  a  higher  one  would  have  any  eflFect 
on  the  business  of  Pittsburgh,  adding :  "  This  is  sheer 
folly.  Pittsburgh  has  size  and  wealth;  her  geographical 
position,  her  situation  at  the  terminus  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Canal,  and  at  the  converging  point  of  roads  and  trade  and 
means  of  intercourse  with  a  wide,  extensive  country,  is 
eminently  a  point  for  commencing  and  closing  voyages.  In 
this  respect  no  other  place  on  the  Western  waters  equals 
her  excepting  St.  Louis  and  New  Orleans.  How  prepos- 
terous then  to  suppose  that  the  raising  or  lowering  of  a 
bridge  is  going  to  aflFect  her  trade.  We  would  be  glad  to 
see  the  bridge  raised  to  give  our  Brownsville  neighbors  the 
fullest  opportunity  of  rivaling  Pittsburgh."  On  the  26th 
of  June,  1845,  Mr.  Craig  again  expressed  the  wish  that  the 
bridge  might  be  raised  to  the  level  of  Smithfield  Street,  but 
regretted  that  on  account  of  the  low  condition  of  the 
finances  of  the  Company,  the  existing  gloomy  state  of 
affidrs  generally,  and  the  fear  of  getting  into  trouble  by 
saddling  themselves  with  an  additional  debt  of  $10,000 
— ^at  that  time,  all  circumstances  considered,  a  fearful 
amount — ^the  construction  of  the  bridge  was  continued  on 
the  original  plan  without  alteration,  and  Pittsburgh  con- 
tinued to  remain  at  the  head  of  navigation. 

The  bridge  was  thrown  open  to  travel  in  February,  1846, 
eight  months  after  its  building  began  and  nine  months  after 
the  contract  for  its  erection  had  been  signed ;  but  it  had 
been  used  once  before.  It  was  on  the  night  of  December 
Slst,  1845,  that  the  ice  in  the  Monongahela  River  broke  up 
owing  to  a  sudden  rise.  At  noon  of  the  next  day.  New 
Year's  of  1846,  to  relieve  the  great  inconvenience  to  the 
public,  the  first  floor  having  just  been  laid,  the  passage  of 
wagons  was  allowed  for  one  hour.  With  great  trepidation 
and  anxiety  did  the  worthy  Treasurer  of  the  Company, 
Mr.  John  Thaw,  walk  to  and  fro  until  the  whole  stream 
of  market-wagons  and  other  vehicles,  occupying  at  times 
the  entire  length  of  the  bridge,  as  many  as  17  being  on 
one  150-ft.  span,  had  passed  safely  over. 


202         A  Brief  History  of  the  Monongahda  Bridge. 

In  1849  the  capital  of  the  Company  was  increased  to 
$107,450,  where  it  remained  until  1870,  when  the  Managers 
having  in  mind  the  construction  of  a  new  bridge,  it  was  in- 
creased to  (161,150.  It  was  again  increased  on  Dec.  4th, 
1872,  to  $500,000,  where  it  remains  until  the  present  time. 

After  the  fire  which  destroyed  the  old  bridge  in  1845, 
the  value  of  the  shares  dropped  to  (12.50  per  share,  and  in 
1849,  when  it  began  to  bring  returns  to  its  stockholders,  its 
estimated  value  jumped  to  (20  per  share,  par  being  (25. 

This  wire  suspension  bridge  built  by  Mr.  Roebling 
answered  the  requirements  of  the  times,  in  fact  it  was  con- 
sidered so  strong  that  in  1859  an  agreement  was  made  with 
the  Pittsburgh  &  Birmingham  Railway  Co.,  a  horse-car  line 
then  being  constructed  to  the  South  Side,  to  permit  the 
use  of  the  structure  at  a  price  of  f  15  per  car  per  month. 

On  March  8th,  1864,  the  Board  of  Managers  authorized 
the  purchase  of  additional  lots  owned  by  the  Estate  of 
Enoch  Wright  at  the  South  end  of  the  bridge.  In  1865 
gas  was  first  used  to  light  its  passage-ways,  and  in  1867 
foot^toll  was  reduced  to  Ic.  per  passenger. 

The  old  structure  became  so  weak  that  the  Board  of 
Managers  determined  for  public  safety  that  a  new  bridge 
should  be  built  at  once.  Therefore  on  February  1st,  1871, 
bids  on  a  new  type  of  structure  were  presented,  but  soon 
thereafter  the  City  made  an  effort  to  secure  the  firanchise. 
This  brought  out  a  meeting  of  the  stockholders  on  May 
27th,  1872,  contesting  such  right.  This  difficulty  naturally 
retarded  the  new  improvement.  However,  on  Dec.  4th, 
1872,  the  Company  offered  the  fi'anchise  and  property  to 
the  City  for  (241,762.50,  but  troublesome  times  being  in 
view  the  oflfer  could  not  be  accepted,  and  it  lapsed.  The 
panic  of  1873  and  its  resultant  difficulties  for  a  number  of 
years  afterward  prevented  anything  being  done  towards 
improving  the  property,  but  in  1880  the  suflTering  public 
thanldully  received  the  news  that  the  old  structure  would 
be  finally  torn  down  and  that  a  new  bridge  would  be  built 
and  opened  in  the  Spring  of  the  next  year. 


A  Brief  History  of  the  Monongahda  Bridge.  203 

The  Board  of  Managers  called  to  their  aid  Mr.  Charles 
Davis,  afterwards  Allegheny  County  Engineer,  who  de- 
signed a  bridge  of  great  beauty.  A  little  later,  in  1880, 
the  ownership  of  the  Company  changed  hands,  the  control 
being  vested  in  the  late  David  Hostetter  and  his  associates. 
This  gentleman  was  then  largely  interested  in  the  Pitts- 
burgh &  Lake  Erie  Bailroad,  and  it  was  thought  possible 
that  some  day  this  road  might  desire  to  bring  its  cars  across 
the  bridge  to  a  connection  with  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  R^l- 
road,  whose  station  is  at  the  North  approach  of  the  bridge. 
In  consequence  of  this  change  of  ownership,  work  on  Mr. 
Davis'  plan  was  stopped,  old  contracts  were  cancelled  and 
new  drawings  were  made,  and  Mr.  Gustav  Lindenthal,  then 
a  young  bridge-engineer  associated  with  the  Erie  Bailway, 
was  employed  to  succeed  Mr.  Davis.  He  presented  the 
plan  of  the  present  structure,  it  being  the  second  of  its 
kind  in  the  world,  the  first  one  being  at  Hamburg,  Ger- 
many. It  was  expected  that  the  bridge  would  be  com- 
pleted in  the  Spring  of  1882  but  it  was  well  into  that  year 
before  even  the  piers  themselves  were  finished.  There  had 
always  been  a  delightful  haziness  in  regard  to  the  clear-dis- 
tance between  low-water  mark  and  the  bridge.  Suddenly 
the  river-men  waked  up.  They  were  of  the  belief  that  the 
distance  above  the  river  shown  by  the  height  of  the  piers 
was  not  sufficient  for  their  use ;  they  therefore  went  into 
Court  and  petitioned  for  an  increase  of  10  feet  in  height. 
This  unfortunate  litigation  stopped  all  work.  The  case 
waa  appealed  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  pending 
which  trial  the  travel  across  the  bridge  waa  confined  to  but 
a  single  track.  The  people  growled  and  grumbled,  as  well 
they  might  for  the  months  of  delay,  and  then  suddenly, 
before  the  Supreme  Court  had  made  a  decision,  a  compro- 
mise was  eflFected  between  the  various  interests  and  five  feet 
was  added  to  the  height  of  the  piers  as  originally  pro- 
jected. It  was  a  remarkable  engineering  feat  to  build  this 
new  structure  having  spans  of  850  ft.  over,  above  and 
around  the  old  suspension  bridge  with  its  spans  of  but  150 


204         A  Brief  History  of  the  Monovgahda  Bridge. 

ft.,  and  at  the  same  time  to  continue  the  passage  of  traffic. 
Only  on  a  few  Sundays  and  nights  when  some  of  the 
heaviest  girders  were  thrown  into  position  was  traffic  tem- 
porarily suspended.  Thousands  of  tons  of  bridge-iron  were 
put  in  place  while  the  people  passed  safely  beneath,  yet 
none  were  injured.  It  is  a  fact  that  no  lives  were  lost  in 
the  construction  of  this  important  monument  to  Pittsburgh, 
the  only  man  killed  being  an  unfortunate  who  walked  into 
the  river  one  Thanksgiving  night  through  his  own  indul- 
gence in  drink ;  and  this  death  could  not  be  charged  to  the 
Bridge  Company.  Few  undertakings  of  such  magnitude 
have  been  productive  of  such  good  results. 

Owing  to  the  heavy  traffic  on  the  bridge  a  few  years 
after  its  completion,  due  to  the  change  of  motive-power 
on  the  street-car  line  from  the  slow  horse-power  to  the 
rapid  electric  system,  it  was  determined  to  build  an  addi- 
tion to  the  present  structure  for  the  sole  use  of  the  traction 
company.     This  was  done  and  completed  in  1890. 

In  1895  the  City  of  Pittsburgh  determined  to  secure  the 
bridge  and  throw  it  open  free  to  the  public.  After  the 
appointment  of  viewers  and  the  taking  of  testimony  on 
both  sides,  tie  Commissioner's  report  was  filed  in  Court, 
and,  no  exceptions  being  taken,  the  City  secured  the  com- 
plete ownership  of  the  Corporation  through  the  purchase 
of  the  outstanding  stock.  Soon  afl;erwards  placards  on 
the  old  toll-houses  notified  the  travelling  public  that  for- 
ever afterwards  no  toll  would  be  collected  for  passing  fit)m 
one  side  of  the  river  to  the  other. 

Thus  for  seventy-seven  years  the  public  whose  business 
required  them  to  pass  from  Pittsburgh  to  the  South  Side 
paid  tribute  to  those  public-spirited  citizens  and  their  suc- 
cessors who  foresaw  the  necessity  of  a  progressive  people 
and  prepared  for  it.  They  reaped  their  reward  in  seeing 
such  a  great  thoroughfare  forever  made  free  and  only 
brought  up  to  its  present  standard  of  strength  and  excel- 
lence through  the  energy,  fiuth  and  foresight  of  those  pre- 
decessors who  through  its  many  vicissitudes  clung  to  their 


A  Brief  Bistort/  of  the  Monongahela  Bridge.  205 

work  and  left  a  monument  to  their  liberality  which  will 
forever  stand. 

When  we  look  back  at  the  list  of  the  Boards  of  Man- 
agers of  this  Company  through  the  many  years  of  its  past 
activity,  we  come  across  a  stronger  and  more  influential 
set  of  names  than  has  probably  ever  been  found  on  any 
other  record  of  Pittsburgh  corporations,  unless  it  be  that 
of  its  sister,  the  Allegheny  Bridge,  which  is  so  closely  iden- 
tified with  it.  Among  the  notable  Managers  of  the  Com- 
pany were : 

George  W.  Jackson,  who  died  Sept.  20th,  1862,  aged  62  years. 

James  W.  Baxter,  who  died  Feb.  19th,  1864,  aged  55  years. 

The  Hon.  Wm.  Wilkins,  President,  died  June  28rd,  1865,  aged 
86  years. 

John  Bissell,  died  July  15th,  1865,  aged  69  years. 

Thomas  Bakewell,  died  March  80th,  1866,  aged  74  yean. 

Nathaniel  Holmes,  died  March  24th,  1866,  aged  47  years. 

John  Thaw,  Treasurer,  died  Sept.  8rd,  1866,  aged  87  years. 

Thomas  S.  Clark,  died  Oct  19th,  1867,  aged  67  years. 

James  McAuley,  died  Jan.  9th,  1870. 

Samuel  Watson  Carr,  died  Dec.  10th,  1875. 

Aaron  Floyd,  died  May  6th,  1878,  aged  75  years. 

John  Wilson,  died  May  27th,  1878,  aged  65  years. 

Bichard  Ck>wan,  died  June  18th,  1878. 

S.  S.  Boggs,  died  Jan.  8rd,  1879. 

Thomas  L.  Shields,  died  March  9th,  1879,  aged  70  years. 

George  Beiter,  died  June  4th,  1880,  aged  70  years. 

Beuben  Miller,  Jr.,  and 
finally,  on  November  6th,  1888,  aged  69  years.  Dr.  David  Hos- 
tetter,  the  prime  mover,  the  organizer,  constructor,  and  the  man  to 
whom  IB  entirely  due  the  construction  of  the  present  Monongahela 
Bridge,  which  for  many  years  will  stand  as  a  lasting  monument  of  his 
progressive  foresight  and  energy. 


t. 


I 


i    '  . 


206    Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Baitaliony  1776. 


5; 

i  :  TALION,  COL.  ANTHONY  WAYNE,  1776. 

? 


ORDERLY  BOOK    FOURTH  PENNSYLVANIA  BAT- 


(Continaed  from  p.  108.) 

New  Yokk  April  27—1776. 
Morning  Obdebs. 
Parole —  Camden  j  Countersign —  Chatham. 

The  riotous  behaviour  of  some  of  the  soldiers  of  the 
Cont*  Army  yesterday  and  the  evening  before  had  filled  the 
General  with  much  regret  and  concern  &  lays  him  under 
the  disagreeable  necessity  of  declaring  that  if  the  like  be- 
haviour should  be  practised  again,  the  Anther  will  be 
brought  to  the  severest  punishment  as  if  Taken  or  treated 
as  a  common  enemy  if  they  dare  to  resist ;  men  are  not  to 
carve  out  remidies  for  themselves,  if  they  are  injur'd  in  any 
respect  there  are  legal  modes  to  obtain  relief,  &  just  com- 
plaints will  be  always  attend*,  to  &  redressd.  It  should  be 
the  pride  of  a  soldier  to  conduct  himself  in  such  a  manner 
as  to  obtain  the  applause,  not  the  reproach  of  the  people  he 
is  sent  to  defend,  &  it  should  be  the  business  as  it  is  the 
duty  of  an  oflicer  to  incolcate  and  enforce  this  doctrine. 

The  Hon'.  The  Contin^  Congress  having  been  pleas'd  to 
order  a  Brig.  Gen^  &  six  more  Batt".  to  be  immediately  sent 
to  Canada,  his  Excellency  directs  the  Co\  or  commanding 
officers  of  the  RegmtV  of  Stark's,  Reeds,  Waynes,  Irwins, 
Batons  &  Wines  to  prepare  their  Corps  for  immediate 
Embark*,  the  Quar*.  Master  Gen\  will  provide  vessels  &  the 
Com*^.  General  provision  &  Gener'l  Sulaven  will  order  every 
Reg*,  to  embar'^  &  to  sail  with  all  convenient  expedition. 

The  Hon',  the  Contn^  Congress  in  consideration  of  the 
fore-nam'd  Regiments  being  ordered  of  the  Middle  Colonies 


Orderly  Booh  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Battalion^  1776.    207 

are  pleae'd  to  direct  them  to  be  put  upon  the  same  with 
those  already  on  more  remote  service  which  pay  is  to 
commence  the  first  of  May  next 

Colon'.  Stark  &  Col".  Reeds  regiments  to  be  ready  to  be 
musterd  at  eight  o'clock  tomorrow  morning  on  the  common 
near  the  park  of  artilery.  All  officers,  non-commissioned 
officers  &  soldiers  at  present  absent  from  their  Regiments 
Commanded  by  the  Colon'*.  Wayne,  Erwin  Daton  &  Wines, 
are  forth  with  ordered  to  join  their  respective  Corps. 

Colonel  McDougal  &  Colonel  Ritzman's  Regiments  to 
parade  on  Monday  morning  ten  o'clock  upon  the  Common 
to  be  reviewed. 

William  Hains  of  Capt.  Danton's  Company  of  Col'.  Ritz- 
man's  Reg",  tried  at  a  late  General  Court  Martial  of  which 
Col'.  Baldwin  was  president,  for  desertion,  the  Court  find- 
ing the  prisoner  Guilty  of  the  charge  &  do  sentence  him  to 
be  whipped  twenty  three  lashes  on  his  bare  back.  The 
General  approves  the  sentence  &  orders  to  be  put  in  execu* 
on  Monday  morning  at  the  head  of  the  Regiment. 

Head  Quarters  New  York  April  28.  1776. 

Parole — Manchester.      Countersign — Punsonby. 

The  commanding  officer  of  Regt*.  or  Corps  are  to  be 
careful  that  the  men  are  made  perfectly  well  acquainted 
with  all  the  orders  issued  for  the  Government  of  the  Army ; 
are  not  to  be  less  diligent  in  exercising  obediance  thereto. 

Yesterday  a  number  of  Col.  Irwins  Reg*,  were  found  fire- 
ing  their  pieces  and  wasting  their  ammunition,  under  pre- 
tence of  not  knowing  that  they  were  acting  contrary  to 
orders.  The  Articles  of  War  are  to  be  read  at  least  once 
a  week  to  every  company  in  the  Army  that  neither  the 
men  nor  Officers  may  plead  ignorance  against  any  of  the 
rules  and  regulations  therein  contained.  Col.  Wind  and 
Col.  Dayton's  Regt*  to  be  mustered  on  Tuesday  morning  at 
8  o'clock  upon  the  Common,  where  the  Commissary  Gen- 
eral of  the  Musters  will  attend  and  the  muster  rolls  of  the 
regt*  be  made  out  immediately. 


i 


208    Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Battalion^  1776. 


Head  Quarters  New  York  29*^  1776. 


Parole — Dunning. 


Countersign —  Glyn. 


The  Army  to  be  encamped  upon  the  ground  marked  out 
by  the  Quarter  Master  General  on  Wednesday  morning  at  8 
o'clock.  Col.  Miflin  will  appoint  the  applycation  of  the 
commanding  Officers  of  Regt*  and  Corps  supplyed  with 
necessary  tents  and  camp  equipage,  straw  and  fire-wood; 
the  troops  are  to  be  Brigaded  in  the  following  order. 

The  first  brigade  on  the  right,  the  2*  on  the  left,  and  the 
fourth  on  the  centre.  The  Reg*,  of  Artillery  in  the  Rear 
of  the  Park  of  Artilyry  which  is  to  be  formed  upon  the 
ground  for  that  purpose. 


Brig.  1.   0.  Heath, 

2^  Brigade 

S  Brigade  0.  Oreen 

Read, 

Spenser, 

Wards, 

Bailey, 

Parsons, 

Varnums, 

Presootts, 

Huntington, 

HiTCHCOCKS, 

Baldwins. 

Willis, 

Arnold, 

Wards, 

LriTLES. 

Jk^  Lord  Sterling. 

Webb, 

NiXONS, 

MCDOUGAM, 

RrrzMAKS. 

The  third  Brigade  under  the  com*  of  B.  General  Greene 
to  encamp  on  Long  Island.  The  Comp^.  of  Virginia  men 
and  Maryland  riflement,  to  be  included  in  Lord  Sterling's 
Brigade  as  Vandike  commands  the  Comp*  of  the  City  of 
New  York,  has  by  letter  acquainted  Lord  Sterling  that  the 
circular  battery  to  the  N.  W.  of  the  City  is  now  compleated 
and  the  General  being  now  informed  that  the  Granadier 
Comp^.  on  the  first  alarm  of  danger  from  the  Enemy,  did 
valiantly  undertake  to  erect  and  have  themselves  in  a  most 
masterly  and  neat  manner  pitched  the  same,  the  General 
justly  admiring  such  an  example  of  spirit  and  persevering 
and  highly  esteeming  a  body  of  men  possessed  with  the 
noblest  virtues  of  good  citizens,     Desires  his  thanks  to  be 


Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  BattalioHj  1776.    209 

publicly  given  to  the  Grenadiers  for  this  first  instance  upon 
this  first  ready  complyance  of  his  wishes.  The  officers  k 
men  of  Col.  Wind's  Reg*,  to  be  dismissed  from  the  Labra- 
tory  and  prepare  for  embarkation.  The  Reg*,  of  Artillery 
are  immediately  to  furnish  a  sufficient  number  for  that 
duty. 

Col.  Prescotts  Reg*,  is  to  remain  in  their  present  encamp*, 
until  further  orders.  Col.  Willis  to  occupy  the  barracks  at 
present  possessed  by  Col.  McDuggal,  the  Quarter  Master 
General  w*^  the  field  officers  of  the  Reg*  to  be  assembled  at 
Sunrise  tomorrow  morning  at  Byards  Hill,  to  mark  out  the 
ground  for  the  Artillery  Park  and  for  the  encampment  of 
the  Reg*  of  Artillery. 

Head  Quabtebs  New  Yobk  April  80**»  1776. 
Parole — Saco  bridge.  Countersign — Oliver. 

All  officers,  non-commissioned  officers  k  Soldiers  belong* 
to  any  of  the  re^ments  now  in  or  going  to  Canada  to  parade 
tomorrow  at  9  o'clock  A.  M.  in  the  street  opposite  to  Gen. 
Sullivan's  Quarters,  near  the  Bowling  Green  to  receive  his 
orders. 

All  non-commissioned  officers  k  Soldiers  are  strictly  com- 
manded upon  no  pretence  whatever  to  carry  anything  out 
of  the  Barracks  or  the  houses  that  they  at  present  occupy, 
that  belong  to  such  Barracks  or  houses,  neither  are  they  to 
injure  the  buildings  within  or  without  All  damages 
wantonly  done  to  the  houses  where  the  troops  are  Quart* 
are  to  be  paid  for  by  the  troops  Quart*  in  them.  The  com- 
mad*.  officers  of  Comp*.  to  deliver  to  Col :  Brewer  Barrack 
Master  a  list  of  the  names  of  those  Quarterd  in  each  house, 
his  own  name  at  the  head  of  the  list  and  the  Reg^  to  which 
he  belongs. 

Immediately  upon  the  troops  encamping,  the  Quar* 
Master  Gen.  k  Barrack  Master  to  examine  the  condition  of 
the  houses  are  left  in,  and  secure  them  in  the  best  manner 
k  make  their  report  to  the  General. 

VOL.  XXX. — 14 


\ 


j:j 


210    Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  BattaUon^  1776. 

](  Gen\  Greene's  Brigade  to  encamp  tomorrow  morning  at 

!:  10  o'clock  upon  the  ground  mark'd  out  on  Long  Island. 

One  captain,  four  SuR,  four  Sarg*.,  4  Corpl.  two  drums 
r  k  Eighty  four  privates  to  parade  this  Afternoon  at  3  o'clock 

J  at  Mr.  Vanzants  wharf,  to  go  upon  Command  imder  Col. 

1  Tupper,  the  officers  &  men  of  this  Command  to  be  taken 

^  equally  from  the  four  Brigades  mentioned  in  yesterdays 

i  orders;  they  are  if  possible  to  be  all  seamen  or  men  used  to 

the  water. 

Head  Quarters  New  York  May  !■*  1776. 

Parole — Shelbourne.       Couniersiyn —  Townsend. 


The  Mtgor  of  Brigades  are  to  see  that  every  Reg"*,  in 
their  respective  brigades  take  their  proper  share  of  all 
duties  that  the  service  requires. 


1  Albany  May  10.  1776. 

J!!  Brigade  Orders 

[  j  The  riotous  &  disorderly  behavior  of  the  Troops  oblidge 

j^  the  General  to  order  every  soldier  to  be  at  the  Barracks  at 

Nine  o'clock. 

The  several  Guards  are  desired  to  take  up  and  confine 
any  soldier  found  strolling  through  the  City  after  that  time. 

The  tattoo  to  be  beat  precisely  at  9  o'clock. 

Every  Reg*,  to  give  in  a  return  to  the  Brigade  Mrjot  at  9 
o'clock  tomorrow  morning. 

The  adjts.  to  see  that  the  men  for  Guard  are  on  the 
parade  precisely  at  8  o'clock  in  the  morning,  or  must  be 
held  answerable  for  neglect  of  Duty. 

1  Sub.  1  Serg.,  1  Corp.,  10  Privits,  to  parade  tomorrow 
at  8  o'clock. 

Brigade  Orders  May  11  1776. 

All  the  Adjutants  and  those  that  act  as  such,  are  punc- 
tually to  attend  at  orderly  time  upon  the  Brigade  Major 


Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Battalion^  1776.    211 

for  Orders.  They  are  also  to  call  upon  him  at  6  o'clock 
every  afternoon  to  see  if  any  after  orders  are  issued. 

It  is  expected  that  every  Soldier  draughted  on  for  Guard 
or  any  other  duty,  pays  the  same  obedience  to  the  Officers 
placed  over  as  to  his  own  Cap"  or  Commanding  Officer. 

The  General  expects  that  the  foolish  distinction  between 
the  Troops  of  one  Colony  and  another,  and  that  between 
diiferent  Reg**  will  totally  be  forgotten  by  freemen  contend- 
ing in  the  same  Glorious  cause  and  fighting  for  the  mutual 
interests  of  each  other.  Mr.  Gerry  Brigade  Drum  Major  to 
appoint  a  place  to  meet  the  Drummers  and  fifes  of  the  Bri- 
gade to  instruct  them  in  beating  the  drum  and  playing  the 
fife,  a  spell  each  morning  and  afternoon.  The  Drummers 
and  fifes  to  assemble  as  he  shall  direct  for  beating  the  Troop 
Tattoo  Ac.  and  follow  such  directions  as  he  shall  give  them. 

Col.  Wind's  Reg*,  to  March  on  Monday  morning  at  6 
o'clock ;  it  is  expected  that  everything  will  be  prepared  the 
proceeding  day  and  in  the  morning  so  that  the  Reg*  may 
march  precisely  at  the  hour  appointed. 

Field  Officers  of  the  Day  tomorrow  are — ^Lieu*  Col: 
White    Adjutant,  dough* 


For  Guard  Tomorrow  : 

Capt. 

Sub. 

Serg. 

Corp. 

PrivaUs 

Col: 

:  Winds,   . 

.  .  1 

1 

8 

2 

21        D.  &  F, 

Col: 

:  Dayton,  . 

.  .0 

1 

2 

1 

21 

Col: 

;  Waynes, 

.  .0 

0 

1 

1 

10 

Col: 

:  Irwin,     . 

•  . 

1 

3 

1 

28 

1  8         9  6        76 

One  Sub.  2  Seij.  2  Corp.  and  30  privates  of  Col.  Day- 
ton's Ileg\  who  have  had  the  smallpox  to  parade  tomorrow 
morning  at  8  o'clock  to  relieve  the  smallpox  Guard. 

General  Orders  Issued  by  Brigade  General  SuIUvan 

At  Albant  May  12,  1776. 

Parole^Durham. 

Col.  Winds  Reg*  to  March  tomorrow  morning  at  6  o'clock 
the  Col.  to  order  the  General  to  Beat  at  half  past  Four  upon 


i 


t  ! 


I 


i 


212    Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Battalion^  1776. 


which  the  Soldiers  are  to  strike  their  tents  and  make  them 
up ;  the  tents  and  baggage  are  immediately  to  be  sent  to 
the  wharf  and  put  under  the  care  of  those  who  are  to  Guard 
the  baggage  on  board  the  Battoes.  The  boards  for  the 
tents  and  oars  also  to  be  taken  and  piled  in  one  pile,  and  at 
6  o^clock  the  Col.  is  to  order  the  assembly,  upon  which  the 
Reg*  is  to  parade  with  their  Bag*  &c,  and  are  to  be  marched 
off  immediately  for  Ticonderoga.  The  Route,  together  with 
the  marching  Orders,  will  be  delivered  out  this  day  at 
Orderly  Time.  The  quarter  master  of  Col.  Wind's  Regt., 
or  the  Person  acting  as  such,  to  see  that  the  provisions  are 
^,  drawn  for  the  men  to  night,  that  no  delay  may  happen  on 

[T  that  acct. 

!';  Col.  Irwin's  Reg*  to  March  on  Tuesday  morning  and  Col. 

Dayton's  Reg*,  on   Wednesday  at   8  o'clock,  each  of  the 
j    :  above  Reg**  in  their  turn  to  follow  the  above  directions  for 

\\  their  March  and  the  Route  the  proceeding  day  at  Orderly 

^    ■  Time.     Serj.  Hood  Raddils  of  Cap*.  Lacy's  Comp'  Try'd  at 

H     '  a  General  Court  Martial,  found  guilty  of  encourageing  Sedi- 

\ I  tion,  is  adjudged  to  be  reduced  to  the  ranks.  The  General  ap- 

*  proves  the  sentence  and  orders  it  to  take  place  immediately. 

'  Phillip  Williams  at  the  said  Court  Martial  found  Guilty 

of  a  breach  of  the  seventh  article  of  the  regulations  of  the 
Continental  Army,  sentenced  to  receive  21  lashes  on  his 
bare  back,  mulcted  one  month  pay,  and  confined  6  days  on 
bread  and  water. 

The  General  aproves  the  sentence  and  orders  it  to  take 
place  at  Guard  Mounting. 

The  General  forbids  the  Firing  of  Guns  upon  any  pre- 
tence whatsoever. 

He  enjoyns  it  upon  the  Commis*.  and  Non-commis*. 
officers  to  use  their  utmost  endeavours  to  prevent  that  Pre- 
nitious  practice  of  destroying  ammunition,  which  is  so 
much  needed  in  our  Army. 

A  Serj.  Corporal  and  18  Privates  of  Col :  Dayton's  Reg* 
to  parade  at  the  City  Hall  tomorrow  morning  at  half  past 
3  o'clock,  with  their  arms,  and  wait  for  their  Orders. 
Field  Officer  for  the  Day  tomorrow  is  Col.  Dayton. 


Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Battalion  j  1776.    218 

The  Court  Martial  whereof  Lieut  Col.  Ogden  is  Presi- 
dent is  dissolved,  and  another  ordered  to  sit  tomorrow 
morning  9  o'clock  at  the  King's  Arms  Tavern,  whereof 
Lieut.  Col.  White  is  appointed  President,  for  Members  Col. 
Dayton,  Col.  Wayne. 

The  Quartermasters  of  several  Reg**,  and  those  acting  as 
such,  are  to  see  that  the  surplus  Provision  on  Board  the 
several  Transports  which  brought  up  their  troops  is  collected 
immediately  and  delivered  into  the  Commissary  and  his 
Receipt  taken  therefor. 

Gekebal  Ordebs  May  18  1776. 

Col.  Irwin  with  his  Reg*  March  tomorrow  morning  at  6 
o'clock,  observing  the  same  Rules  for  preparing  as  was 
pointed  out  for  Col.  Wind,  by  the  orders  of  the  12  instant. 
A  Seij.  and  six  men  from  the  two  companies  of  Col. 
Waynes  Reg*,  and  Corporal  and  six  men  from  Col.  Daytons 
to  parade  at  the  City  Hall,  at  half  past  five  in  the  morning, 
and  wait  for  orders.  A  copy  of  the  Route  with  the  March- 
ing Orders  will  be  delivered  to  his  Adjutant  by  the  Major 
of  Brigade  this  afternoon  at  three  o'clock. 

The  Officers  and  men  who  are  to  guard  the  Baggage  are 
to  be  paraded  on  the  wharf  near  the  City  Hall  at  half  past 
five  o'clock  in  the  morning  ready  to  go  off  with  the 
Baggage. 

The  Overseer  of  Batteaus  to  see  that  the  Batteau  seamen 
Ac  are  famished  ready  to  set  off  with  the  baggage  at  6 
o'clock  precisely. 

Ensign  William  Nicholas  of  Col  Lrwin  Reg*,  try'd  at  a 
General  Court  Martial  whereof  Lieut.  Col.  Ogden  was 
president,  k  found  guilty  of  rescuing  a  prisoner  from  his 
place  of  confinement  and  sentenced  to  be  publickly  repri- 
manded at  the  head  of  his  Reg*,  his  sword  delivered  pub- 
lickly, and  then  to  wait  on  the  General  and  acknowledge 
himself  Guilty  of  Lnpudence.  The  General  approves  the 
sentence  and  orders  that  he  appear  at  the  head  of  the  Reg*, 
this  evening  at  roll  call,  to  receive  his  sword  and  a  repri- 


214    Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Battalion,  1776. 

mand  from  Col.  Irwin,  that  he  then  wait  on  the  General  at 
seven  o'clock  at  his  Quarters  to  make  the  acknowledge- 
ment ordered  by  the  Court  Martial. 

General  Orders  Given  At  Albany  May  14  1776. 

Col.  Dayton  with  his  Reg*,  to  march  tomorrow  morning 
6  o'clock.  He  is  to  observe  the  same  directions  in  prepar- 
ing for  his  march  as  was  pointed  out  for  Col.  Wind  and 
Col.  Irwin.  The  copy  of  his  rout  and  marching  orders  will 
be  delivered  him  by  the  Brigade  Major  this  afternoon  at 
three  o'clock.  Col.  Wayne  is  to  march  on  Friday  morning 
with  that  part  of  his  Reg*,  now  in  this  City  or  that  may 
arrive  by  that  time. 

Albany  May  16  1776 

Lt.  CoL   Wagne's  oi^ders. 

J  The  three  companies  belonging  to  his  Batt'  now  here,  to 

}    j  appear  clean  and  shaved  on  the  Parade  tomorrow  morning 

"t    !  precisely  at  10  o'clock  without  their  arms.     From  thence 

t  to  proceed  to  the  place  of  worship  with  Drums  and  fifes,  it 

^   i  being  the  day  which    the   Hon.    Congress  have  ordered 


/  ! 


i 

> :  I 


observed  and  kept  in  Fasting  &  Prayer. 

ELbad  Quarters  Albany  18  May  1776. 


The  General  is  to  ;be  at  Cap'  Robinson  tent  tomorrow 
morning  at  half  past  four  o'clock,  upon  which  all  the  tents  are 
to  be  struck  and  made  up  and  conveyed  with  the  heavy  bag- 
gage to  the  wharf,  where  the  Battoes  will  be  ready  to  re- 
J^  ceive  them  &   convey  them  to  the  Half  Moon ;   a  proper 

Guard  to  be  appointed  to  take  charge  of  the  Baggage  and  at 
6  o'clock  the  Assemblay  to  beat,  upon  which  all  the  men 
belonging  to  the  4th  Pennsylvania  Batt'  are  to  parade  under 
arms,  with  their  packs  slung,  and  to  march  immediately  to 
the  place  where  Col.  Irwin  is  encamp*.  The  Col.  expects 
that  every  officer  without  destinction,  will  exert  himself  in 
getting  the  men  &c  in  proper  order  at  the  hour  before  men- 


■:|        ^ 


1- 1 1 


Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvama  Battalion^  1776.   216 

tioned,  it  being  their  duty  to  see  that  the  orders  are  exactly 
complied  with. 

General  Ordebs  May  18  1776. 

Col.  Wayne  with  that  part  of  his  Reg*  now  in  this  City, 
to  march  tomorrow  morning  at  6  o'clock — ^his  Route  and 
marching  orders  will  be  delivered  him  this  afternoon  by  the 
Brigade  Major. 

Col.  White  to  remain  here  with  Col.  Dayton's  Reg*,  till 
Col.  Dayton  returns,  with  his  party  from  Try  on  County. 
As  soon  as  those  Troops,  return  Col.  Dayton  is  to  march 
with  the  whole  of  his  Reg*  except  three  com*  for  Lake 
George  pursuing  the  same  Route  pointed  out  in  his  former 
marching  orders. 

Those  three  companies  to  be  left  here  to  assist  in  for- 
warding provisions  &c.  till  ftirther  orders. 

Col.  Courland  is  appointed  president  of  the  General  Court 
Martial,  in  the  room  of  Lt,  Col.  White,  Col.  Wayne  to  take 
with  him  all  the  prisoners  in  the  Main  or  Quarter  Guards 
which  belong  to  his  Reg*. 

Col.  Dayton  to  bring  on  all  the  Prisoners  belonging  to  the 
Brigade  which  may  be  in  either  of  the  Guards  at  the  time 
of  his  leaving  this  City. 

Camp  June  12  1776. 

Its  Col.  Wayne's  Orders  that  all  Catrages  be  immediately 
examined  and  all  such  as  are  damaged  or  expended  to  be 
immediately  supplyed  with  new  ones,  taking  particular  care 
to  dry  the  Baked  Powder  contained  in  those  that  are  dam- 
aged, which  will  render  it  again  fit  for  use.  A  number  of 
men  from  each  Company  must  be  selected  to  make  and  fill 
Catrages,  and  powder  and  lead  must  be  distributed  for  the 
purpose. 

The  men  to  be  under  arms  at  9  o'clock,  with  their  Cat- 
rage  boxes.  Powder  horns  &c.  in  order  to  be  inspected.  The 
Captains  or  Commanders  of  each  Comp^  are  in  ftiture  to 
send  an  Orderly  Serj.  to  the  Adjutant  for  the  orders  of  the 
day,  which  the  OflBlcers  will  be  particular  in  seeing  observed. 


216    Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Battalion,  1776. 

Every  non-commissioned  soldier  who  shall  come  to  the 
Parade  dirty,  with  a  long  beard  or  his  Breeches  knees  open 
shall  be  mulcted  a  days  allowance  of  Provision  for  each 
oifence,  and  do  a  double  tour  of  duty,  for  the  Col.  lays  it 
down  for  a  [torn]  that  that  soldier  who  neglects  to  appear 
as  decent  as  the  nature  of  his  situation  will  admitt,  is  unfit 
for  gentlemen's  Comp^  and  a  coward. 

Soldiers  are  ever  held  in  the  light  of  Gentlemen ;  if  it  is 
in  the  Col.  power  his  people  shall  support  that  Character. 
Their  spirited  conduct  in  bravely  attacking  and  sustaining 
the  fire  of  both  great  and  small  arms  of  an  enemy  more 
than  ten  times  their  numbers,  meets  his  highest  approba- 
tion and  he  takes  this  opportunity  of  returning  thanks  to 
the  Captains  Robinson,  Church  and  Mores,  Lieut.  Christy, 
Smith  and  Ryon :  Ensigns  Vernon  k  Bartly  for  the  part 
they  acted  that  Day,  being  that  of  Glentlemen  and  Soldiers. 

Head  Quarters  June  18  1776. 

Francis  Pulton  and  Thomas  Mills,  of  Col.  Burril's  Reg* 
try'd  by  a  General  Court  Martial  for  attempting  to  desert  to 
the  enemy,  and  found  Guilty;  Francis  Fulton  Judged  to 
receive  30  lashes  on  his  bare  back ;  Thomas  Mills  to  receive 
20  lashes  on  his  bare  back,  both  to  be  drummed  out  of  the 
Camp  with  Haulters  about  their  necks,  then  to  be  sent  to 
Albany  in  Irons,  &  then  discharged  from  the  service,  the 
above  sentence  is  approved  of.  The  stripes  to  be  laid  on 
the  13*^  instant  at  Guard  Mounting  immediately  after  they 
are  to  be  drummed  oat  of  the  Camp  and  afterwards  sent  to 
Albany  in  Irons  as  soon  as  may  be. 

After  Orders. 

The  Field  Oflicer  of  the  Day  tomorrow  is  Col.  De  Haas, 
Field  Oflicer  of  Fatigue  Lt  Col.  Williams;  Adjutant  Ryan. 

The  Baron  de  Mouldke  is  desired  to  encamp  the  Rifle 
Comp^  from  Col.  de  Haas,  at  the  point  near  Coulton's  Bat- 
tery so  called,  a  part  of  them  with  some  of  the  Volunteers 
from  Berlin  to  be  kept  Patroling  between  this  and  River,  to 


;■! 


Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Battalion  ^  1776.   217 

watch  the  motion  of  the  enemy,  no  other  duty  to  be  done 
by  them. 

A  Party  to  be  sent  off  the  evening  by  water  with  three 
days  provision  for  the  Company  stationed  at  Markee.  A 
party  of  a  Cap',  2  Sub  and  50  men,  to  be  sent  this  evening 
down  the  River  to  the  Point  to  the  South,  with  the  River  in 
view  of  our  works  and  remain  there  till  Sun  Rise.  A  Can- 
non and  Boat  to  be  kept  Patroling  between  shore  and  the 
Lakes  tonight  and  return  in  the  morning  to  Head  Quarters, 
with  report  without  mentioning  their  discoveries  before  they 
arrive  at  Head  Quarters.  All  the  Field  Officers  to  attend 
at  Head  Quarters  this  evening  at  half  past  6  o'clock.  The 
Field  Officer  of  the  Day  in  future  to  apply  to  the  General 
the  evening  of  his  appointment  to  receive  his  orders. 

Hbad  Quabtebs  at  Islb  of  Noix  June  19  1776. 

The  several  Reg^  to  encamp  as  soon  as  may  be  in  the 
following  manner  viz.  Col.  de  Haas,  Winds,  Waynes,  Max- 
wells, St  Clairs  k  Irwins  Regt'  to  encamp  on  the  East  Side 
the  Island;  Col.  Read,  Sharps,  Patterson,  [torn]  Bonds, 
Porter,  Burrils  &  Beadels  Reg**  on  the  west  side  the  Island. 
The  Quarter  Master  Gleneral  will  assign  the  ground  to  east 
and  divide  the  grounds  as  he  thinks  proper.  All  the  Bag- 
gage to  be  disembarked,  the  boats  unloaded  of  everything 
but  artillery  stores. 

The  Boats  laden  with  these  articles  to  be  brought 
together — ^and  sentries  placed  on  them. 

The  Commissary  to  see  that  all  the  provision  is  stored  in 
proper  places  and  apply  for  sentries  to  secure  the  same. 
All  the  invalids  are  to  be  prepared  to  embark  for  Crown 
Point  at  12  o'clock. 

The  Q.  M.  G.  to  see  that  boats  are  provided  for  their 
reception. 

The  tents  and  Markees  under  the  care  of  Col.  Ogden,  to 
be  immediately  sent  to  the  Generals  Markie. 

The  several  Col :  or  Commanding  Officers  to  make  re- 
turn of  the  Tents  and  what  are  wanting,  that  they  may  be 


218    Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Battalion^  1776. 

V  supplied.     Returns  of  the  several  Reg**  to  be  made  this 

^  afternoon  in  order  that  the  army  may  be  divided  into  Bri- 

gades. 

Col:  Campbell  the  Deputy  Q  Master  General  and  his 
assistant  Mr.  Tucker,  Mr.  Carty  and  Mr.  Ross  will  attend 
to  direct  the  Reg". 

Ji  Head  Quarters  at  Isle  of  Noix  June  20*^  1776. 

An  Orderly  Sergent  from  each  Reg*  to  attend  constantly 
at  Head  Quarters. 

The  Adju*.  of  Col :  Reed's  Reg*  to  attend  at  Head  Q"  to- 
morrow, after  which  the  Adjts.  are  to  attend  in  rotation. 
A  party  of  six  men  to  be  immediately  draughted  from  each 
Reg*  &  parade  at  the  Generals  Q". 

A  Sub.  from  each  Reg*  to  attend.  Adjutant  Brooks  of 
Col.  Irwin's  Reg*  to  attend  at  the  same  time. 
A  Surgeon  or  Surgeons  Mate  from  each  Reg*  to  attend 

/     ^  at  Head  Q"  at  three  o'clock. 

^    i  A  return  of  all  the  tents  &  Markees  in  the  several  Reg** 

\      I  with  the  num*  of  all  the  officers  &  men  on  the  spot  fit  for 

j     I  duty  to  be  made  by  4  o'clock. 

f'     '  The  commanding  officers  of  the  several  Corps  to  make 

return  of  all  officers  absent  without  leave  &  of  those  who 
came  from  St.  John,  Chamblee  or  Sorrell  without  leave  & 
of  those  who  are  gone  forward  to  Crown  Point  in  the  same 
manner.  The  General  expects  punctual  compli**  with  these 
orders.  The  Xon-comm.  officers  &  Soldiers  are  to  take 
particular  care  to  treat  the  officers  of  the  diffisrent  Corps 

r     -  with  the  greatest  decency  and  respect,  &  are  to  hold  them- 

f^    .'  selves  as  ready  to  obey  the  officers  of  any  other  Reg*  as 

their  own  &  when  they  are  by  their  own  officers  sent  upon 
duty  &  are  requested  by  any  other  officer  to  assist  upon  a 
different  duty  they  are  with  the  greatest  deacency  to  except 
the  officer  with  it  who  will  in  such  case  excuse  them.  The 
Gen*,  is  determ*  to  punish  with  the  greatest  rigor  every 
insult  or  act  of  disobedience  offer*  to  any  officer  or  soldier, 
at  the  same  time  he  assures  the  officers  that  every  act  of 


Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Battalion^  1776.    219 

cruelty  and  inhumanity  towards  a  soldier  shall  be  at  all 
times  discoureg*  by  him;  he  wishes  the  officers  to  distin- 
guished themselves  by  their  humanity  and  tenderness  to 
their  men  k  the  soldiers  to  distinguish  themselves  by  their 
obedience  to  their  officers  and  those  of  every  other  Reg*. 

He  enjoins  it  upon  every  Officer  and  non-coms*  officer  to 
assist  him  in  repressing  every  kind  of  riotous  behaviour 
amongst  the  Soldiers ;  they  will  immediately  confine  all  such 
persons  as  they  may  discover  fighting  or  giving  abusive 
language  to  each  other,  as  he  is  determined  to  put  an  end 
to  such  unsoldierlike  practice. 

A  Court  of  Enquiry  wereof  Col :  St.  Clair  is  President, 
to  sit  again  tomorrow  in  Lieut.  Col :  Hartley's  Markee  at  9 
o'clock  in  the  forenoon  to  enquire  into  the  charge  against 
Doc*'  Barker  for  selling  medicine  belonging  to  the  Publick 
k  for  taking  money  from  the  soldiers  for  innoculating 
them. 


220     Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County j  Pennsylvania. 


ATKINSON    FAMILIES    OF    BUCKS    COUNTY,   PBNN- 

SYLVANIA. 

BY  OLIVER  HOUGH. 

(Continued  from  page  79.) 

4.  Isaac  Atkinson,  born  at  Sandwith,  parish  of  Ad- 
dingham.  West  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  England,  1  mo. 
[March]  2, 1678/9/  died  in  Bristol  township,  Bucks  County, 
Pennsylvania,  11  mo.  [Jan.]  3, 1720/1,'  son  of  Thomas  and 
Jane  Atkinson,  came  to  America  with  his  parents  when 
about  a  year  old,  and  after  the  brief  sojourn  in  West  Jersey, 
lived  first  with  them  in  Bristol  township,  and  aft;er  1688, 
with  his  mother  on  her  second  husband's  plantation  in  Falls 
township,  until  his  majority.  He  belonged  to  Falls 
Monthly  Meeting  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  having  been 
brought  up  within  its  fold  from  early  infancy,  but  it  is 
uncertain  if  he  continued  a  member  after  1713. 

On  4  mo.  11,  1700,  being  then  of  age,  he  executed  a  release*  to  Qeorge 
Biles,  for  his  interest  in  his  father's  land,  which  his  mother  had  sold  to 
Biles  4  mo.  10,  1696. 

He  bought  of  John  Guy,  10  me.  9,  1700/  200  acres  in  Falls  town- 
ship, next  below  the  plantation  of  his  step-father,  William  Biles,  on  the 
Delaware  River.  This  had  been  originally  part  of  Samuel  Darke's 
tract,  shown  on  Holme's  Map  in  the  latter' s  name.  10  mo.  9,  1702, 
he  sold  this  to  Jonathan  Taylor.* 

Isaac  Atkinson  afterwards  bought  three  separate  "parcels  of  land" 
(two  of  them  contiguous  howeyer),  in  Bristol  township.  They  were  all 
within  a  tract  shown  on  Holme's  Map,  adjoining  the  lower  side  of 


^  Knaresborough  Monthly  Meeting  register  has  1  mo.  2,  1679,  mean  - 
ing  March  2,  1678/9,  O.  8.  Although  the  year  did  not  officially  begin 
until  March  25,  people  frequently  b^an  dating  the  new  year  on  March  1. 

'  Register  of  Falls  Mo.  Mtg. 

*  Bucks  County  Deed  Book  8,  p.  20. 
«  Bucks  County  Deed  Book  8,  p.  82. 

*  Bucks  County  Deed  Book  4,  p.  207. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bricks  County ^  Pennsylvania.     221 

Pennsbury  on  the  Delaware  River,  inscribed  with  six  names  in  the  fol- 
lowing order : 

William  Dongan.       John  Tally. 
Mordecai  Bowden.     Thos.  Dungan. 
Clement  Dungan.      Rich.  Lundy. 
Some  of  these  persons  never  owned  any  of  this  land,  either  because 
the  rights  intended  to  be  located  here  when  the  map  was  made,  were 
afterwards  laid  out  elsewhere,  or  because  they  sold  their  warrants  before 
the  patents  were  made  out,  and  the  latter  issued  to  the  purchasers.    But 
the  three  Dungans  all  owned  here.     The  jury  of  1692  made  the  line 
between  this  tract  and  Pennsbury  the  boundary  between  Bristol  and 
Falls  townships,  as  it  remains  to  this  day,    Pennsbury  being  in  FaUs 
and  these  lands  in  Bristol.     The  individual  boundary  lines  of  the 
several  owners  ran  back  from  the  river  parallel  to  the  Pennsbury  line. 
(The  lots  appear  to  have  been  too  narrow  on  the  scale  of  the  map  for 
each  name  to  appear  on  a  lot,  hence  the  above  arrangement) 

The  first  next  the  Manor  was  400  acres  patented  to  John  Sirket 

7  mo.  8,  1701,  together  with  90  acres  of  the  back  part  of  the 

tract  below,  ^  and  46  acres  85  perches  additional,  probably 

"overplus." 

The  next  was  William  Dungan's,  patented  to  him  11  mo.  7, 

1692,  as  200  acres. 
Next  John  Green,  200  acres,  patented  1684. 
Next  Thomas  Dungan,  200  acres,  patented  8  mo.  1,  1692. 
Next  Clement  Dungan,  200  acres,  patented  11  mo.  7, 1692. 
John  Sirket  sold  his  holding  7  mo.  8,  1708,  to  William  Atkinson, 
who  sometime  thereafter*  sold  one  half  of  it  to  his  brother  Isaac.    Sir- 
ket's  sale  was  of  586  acres  85  perches  (including  the  back  part  of  Wm.Dun- 
gan's  original  patent),  and  it  seems  to  have  been  William  Atkinson's 
intention  to  sell  Isaac  an  exact  half  (268  acres  17  perches)  reserving 


'  Wm.  Dungan,  whose  patent  was  nine  years  earlier  than  Sirket's, 
appears  to  have  sold  90  acres  to  the  latter  before  his  (Sirket' s)  patent  was 
issued,  though  no  record  of  the  sale  has  been  found.  The  only  record 
of  Dungan's  disposal  of  any  of  it  is  his  bequest  of  the  river  front  half, 
100  acres,  to  his  son  William  (1711);  no  doubt  Sirket  really  got  100 
acres,  which  accounts  for  his  "overplus"  on  later  survey. 

'  The  date  is  uncertain,  as  no  deed  has  been  found  for  this  sale,  but 
it  was  between  1708  and  1710  ;  for  by  deed  of  March  26,  of  the  latter 
year,  William  Atkinson  sold  John  Smith  the  other  half  (Deed  Book  4, 
p.  288),  and  in  this  deed  mention  is  made  of  6  acres  96  perches  already 
sold  to  Isaac  Atkinson,  and  the  bounds  given  show  Isaac  to  have  owned 
the  other  portion.  For  authorities  for  other  deeds  and  &ctB  mentioned 
in  above  paragraph,  see  under  William  Atkinson. 


222     Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County j  Pennsylvania. 

an  exact  half  (268  acres  and  18  perches,)  to  himself  (which  he  after- 
wards sold  to  John  Smith) ;  hut  Isaac's  purchase  included  a  curious 
wedge-shaped  lot  of  6  acres  96  perches  of  meadow  right  in  the  heart  of 
the  other  half  and  not  within  70  perches  of  the  rest  of  his  land ;  that 
this  was  intended  to  be  a  fraction  of  Isaac's  half  and  not  of  the  other,  is 
shown  by  Smith's  deed  which  states  that  "  The  sd  lands  within  ye  first 
mentioned  bounds  (hereby  granted  to  ye  sd  John  Smith)  contains  besides 
ye  six  acres  and  ninety-six  perches  herein  excepted,  268  acres  and  18 
perches,  being  ye  moiety  or  one-half  part,"  etc  Isaac,  however, 
must  have  got  that  much  above  his  half,  for  when  his  tract  (though  no 
longer  his)  was  sold  by  the  Sheriff  in  1727,  it  contained  the  full  268 
acres  17  perches  in  the  main  lot  and  the  6  acres  96  perches  besides. 

Isaac's  purchase  (excluding  the  small  lot)  was  the  river  front  half  of 
Sirket's  plantation,  running  along  the  Pennsbury  (now  the  Falls)  line. 
Common  Creek,  (not  shown  on  Holme's  map)  flowed  from  Pennsbury 
quite  across  Isaac  Atkinson's  land,  and  emptied  into  the  Delaware  on 
the  line  between  him  and  Dungan,  forming  their  boundary  for  a  few 
perches  from  the  mouth.  This  land  corresponds  to  the  spot  on  Holme's 
Map  on  which  the  name  of  John  Tully  appears,  and  while  it  is  easily 
seen  that  the  six  names  in  one  plot,  of  which  his  is  one,  only  indicate 
ownership  within  those  limits  and  not  more  exact  locations,  this  has  led 
to  some  confusion,  from  the  fact  that  the  modem  village  of  Tullytown 

}lies  mainly  just  across  the  border  of  and  partly  extends  into  this  land ; 
Oxford  Street  of  the  village,  running  back  from  above  mentioned  creek, 
being  the  township  line.  Davis,  in  his  Buiory  of  Bucks  County,  (Ist 
ed.,  p.  115)  says  that  Tullytown  "  was  called  after  a  man  named  Tully, 
^^  who  owned  land  there ; "  and  in  a  footnote:  "  John  Tully  was  an  ori- 

Jf  ginal  settler  in  Bristol  township  on  the  line  of  Falls."     But  Tullytown 

^  is  on  the  Falls  side  of  the  line,  while  this  tract,  even  if  Tully  ever  owned 

ft  it,  which  is  doubtful,  was  on  the  Bristol  side.     Again,  Tullytown  was 

laid  out  by  Thomas  Biche  about  1800,  and  long  called  Biche-Town. 
Which  puts  a  gap  of  nearly  200  years  between  the  John  Tully  of 
Holme's  Map  (who  did  not  own  its  site)  and  the  Tullytown  of  the  19th 
century. 

Isaac  Atkinson  no  doubt  disposed  of  this  plantation  before  removing 
from  Bucks  County  in  1718,  for  when  John  Smith  sold  Bobert  Smith 
the  adjoining  land  in  that  year,  the  land  on  this  side  was  said  to  be 
"John  Lanning's  formerly  Isaac  Atkinson's."  But  no  deed  from  At- 
kinson has  been  found.  On  April  12, 1727,  Sheriff  Timothy  Smith  sold 
'^  the  two  lots  268  acres  17  perches  and  6  acres  96  perches  as  the  property 

^  of  JohnMaddox.^ 

I 


^  This  deed  is  not  recorded,  but  is  recited  in  deed  of  John  Martin  to 
Timothy  Titus,  Aug.  20,  1792,  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  27,  p.  245. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ^  Pennsylvania.     228 

On  June  10,  1708,^  Isaac  AUdnson  bought  of  Esther  Willson,  relict 
of  Richard,  two  tracts  in  Bristol  township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  one  of 
100  acres  and  one  of  50  acres.  These  were  adjoining  and  both  within  the 
six-named  tract  on  Holme's  Map.  The  100  acres  was  the  river  front 
half  of  Thomas  Dungan's  original  patent  of  200  acres.  It  passed  from 
him  to  Thomas  Dungan  Jr.,  to  John  Scott,  to  Tobias  Dymock  and 
Sarah,  his  wife.  The  other  was  a  quarter  of  Clement  Dungan's  patent, 
taking  in  half  the  river  front ;  from  him  to  his  brother-in-law,  Edward 
Doyle,  and  from  the  latter's  widow  to  Tobias  and  Sarah  Dymock. 
After  her  husband's  death  Sarah  Dy mock  sold  both  to  Ricllard  Willson, 
whose  widow  sold  to  Isaac  Atkinson.  The  latter  (and  wife)  sold  .them 
March  18,  1709  [1708/9],*  to  Willoughby  Warder  and  Sarah  his  wife.* 

Isaac  Atkinson  no  doubt  moved  in  1700  from  his  step- 
father's plantation  *  to  that  he  bought  of  John  Guy  in  Falls 
township.  After  selling  that,  he  lived  in  Bristol  township 
on  the  land  he  bought  there  from  his  brother,  until  1713, 
when  he  moved  to  the  upper  part  of  Burlington  County, 
West  New  Jersey.  On  1  mo.  4,  1712/3,  he  requested  Falls 
Monthly  Meeting  for  a  certificate  to  Chesterfield  Mo.  Mtg. 
in  that  county,  his  wife,  Sarah,  asking  one  from  the 
women's  side  the  same  day ;  hers  was  signed  a  year  later,  1 
mo.  7,  1713/4,  and  his  doubtless  then  or  previously,  though 
not  on  the  minutes ;  they  must  have  then  already  moved. 
Just  where  they  located  is  uncertain ;  possibly  in  or  near 
Trenton,  which  was  within  the  compass  of  Chesterfield 
Monthly  Meeting,  and  then  in  Burlington  County,  though 
now  in  Mercer. 

*  Bucks  Ck).  Deed  Book  4,  p.  9. 

*  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  4,  p.  125. 

*  I  take  this  occasion  to  acknowledge  the  valuable  assistance  of  Mr. 
Warren  S.  Ely,  of  Doylestown,  in  searching  the  Bucks  County  deed 
records,  enabling  me  to  locate  exactly  lands  once  owned  by  Isaac  Atkin- 
son and  his  brother  William  ;  as  well  as  for  other  help  in  the  preparation 
of  this  article.     O.  H. 

*  It  appears  that  William  Biles  conveyed  his  plantation  in  Falls  to 
his  son  William  in  1698,  and  removed  to  one  he  bought  of  Henry  Baker, 
either  within  the  Manor  of  Pennsbury,  or  adjoining  it  on  the  Bristol  side ; 
see  White's  WUlicm  Biles,  Penna.  Mao.  xxyi,  pp.  65,  208  and  854. 
Isaac  most  likely  lived  on  the  Guy  place  some  time  before  he  was  of 
an  age  to  have  the  deed  made  to  him. 


224     Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County^  Pennsylvania. 


iff: 


They  stayed  about  two  years,  Sarah  bringing  a  certificate 
back  to  Falls,  8  mo.  5,  1715.*  After  returning  to  Bucks 
Co.  they  lived  again  in  Bristol  township,  but  not  on  any  of 
the  land  mentioned  above,  as  Isaac  had  disposed  of  it  all 
before  leaving.  His  brother  William,  now  living  in  Bristol 
borough,  had  bought  a  plantation  in  the  township  in  1717, 
(on  the  river,  part  of  the  Christopher  Taylor  tract  of  Holme's 
Map ;  see  account  under  William)'.  It  is  quite  likely  that 
Isaac  lived  here  qb  manager  for  his  brother,  perhaps  with  a 
joint  interest,  for  his  inventory  mentions  "corn  in  the 
ground,"  wheat  and  barley,  cows,  calves  and  shoata. 

In  some  deeds  Isaac  Atkinson  is  styled  "  cordwainer." 
Miss  Anne  HoUingsworth  Wharton,  in  Colonial  Days  and 
DameSj  remarks  (p.  21) :  "  Men  who  came  from  families  of 
good  position  on  the  other  side  of  the  water  felt  it  no  dis- 
honor to  put  their  hands  to  any  honest  toil  that  had  for  its 
object  the  work  of  home-making  and  nation-building. 
Hence  among  the  first  settlers  of  Pennsylvania  we  find 
many  good  English  names  connected  with  the  trades  of 
tailor,  hatter,  carpenter  and  the  like."  But  though  the  in- 
ventory of  Isaac  Atkinson's  estate  mentions  shoemaker's 
tools,  it  also  indicates  that  he  was  engaged  in  agriculture, 
and  we  have  seen  above  that  he  waa,  at  least  temporarily, 
a  landowner ;  therefore  it  would  appear  that,  following  the 
custom  of  his  class,  he  had  the  shoemaking  carried  on  by 
servants,  and  only  assumed  the  style  "  cordwainer  "  to  con- 
form to  Quaker  ideas;  it  is  no  indication  of  his  station  in  life. 

By    his     will,*    dated 
Dec.   23,    1720,     proved 
Dec.  5, 1721,  which  states 
that    he     was    "  of    the 
County  of  Bucks,"  (but  gives  no  township),  he  left  £  20 

^  None  for  her  husband  is  mentioned  in  the  minates,  but  he 
evidently  came  too ;  his  name  does  not  appear  on  the  Falls  minutes 
after  4  mo.  8, 1718,  when  he  "  gave  a  paper  of  condemnation  which  was 
read  and  accepted."  Chesterfield  Monthly  Meeting  minutes  have  no 
mention  of  them. 

'  Bucks  Co.  Will  Book  I,  p.  59.  The  inventory  was  made  11  mo. 
(Jan.)  80,  1720/1. 


j/i^J^^im>*t 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  Oounh/j  Pennsylvania.     225 

each  to  his  three  children,  John,  Jane  and  Thomas  when 
they  came  of  age ;  his  wife  to  have  the  use  of  the  money 
without  interest  until  the  payment,  if  she  remained  his 
widow.  No  land  is  mentioned.  Residue  to  his  wife  Sarah, 
who  was  made  executrix,  with  his  "loving  and  trusty 
friend  "  Samuel  Baker  to  assist  her.  The  signature  to  this 
will  (reproduced  here)  is  of  a  good  feshion  for  that  period. 

Isaac  Atkinson  married  4  mo.  [June]  23, 1708,  at  Falls 
Meeting,*  Sarah  Hough,  (b.  4  mo.  7,  1690),  daughter  of 
Richard  and  Margery  (Clows)  Hough,  of  Makefield  town- 
ship. For  account  of  Richard  Hough,  who  was  a  Provin- 
cial Councillor,  Justice  of  the  County  Court,  etc.,  and  his 
wife,  and  their  connections,  see  Penna.  Mag.  vol.  xvni, 
pp.  20-34,  and  also  Note  B.  following  this  article. 

Sarah  Atkinson  was  for  some  years  active  in  religious 
affairs,  and  was  appointed  on  committees  of  Falls  Monthly 
Meeting  12  mo.  3,  1719,  3  mo.  4,  1720  and  3  mo.  8, 1721, 
but  in  the  latter  year  some  violation  of  discipline  caused  her 
•disownment,  and  a  << testimony  of  disunion"  against  her 
was  issued  11  mo.  3, 1721,  (1721/2,  exactly  a  year  after  her 
husband's  death). 

Isaac  and  Sarah  (Hough)  Atkinson  had  issue : 

7.  Janb  Atkinson,  b.  6.  6.  1709,"  d. . 

Mar.  8  .  —  .  1728,  John  Wilson. 

8.  John  Atiinson,  b. ,  d • 

(  ?  Mar.  1785,  Margaret  Yates  ?  ) 

9.  Thomas  Atkinson,  b. ,   d. . 

Sarah  (Hough)  Atkinson  married,  second,  in  1724,  Leon- 
ard Shallcross,  of  Falls  township.  They  were  not  married 
under  care  of  Friends  as  she  was  no  longer  a  member;  on 
6  mo.  5,  1724,  Leonard  Shallcross  brought  to  the  monthly 
meeting  "  a  paper  of  condemnation  for  his  marriage  out  of 
the  unity  of  Friends."  He  had  previously  been  in  good 
standing  and  served  on  a  committee  of  Falls  Monthly 
Meeting,  10  mo.  5, 1722. 

^  Register  of  Falls  Mo.  Mtg. 

*  Register  of  Falls  Mo.  Mtg. 

VOL.  XXX. — 15 


226     Atkinscn  Families  of  Bucks  County y  Pennsylvania. 


Leonard  Shallcross  had  first  married  11  mo.,  1702,  Ann 
EUet,  daughter  of  William,  and  had  six  children ;  he  had 
none  by  Sarah,  who  survived  him,  and  was  mentioned  in 
his  will,  1729/30.     (See  Note  C.  hereafter.) 

6.  William  Atkinson,  born  1681,  died  in  Bristol,  Pa., 
8  mo.  [Oct.]  29,  1749,^  son  of  Thomas  and  Jane  Atkin- 
son.  He  was  most  likely  bom  while  his  parents  were  in 
Burlington  County,  West  Jersey,  then  living  with  them  on 
his  father's  plantation  in  Bristol  township,  Bucks  County, 
until  his  mother's  second  marriage  (1688),  then  with  her  on 
his  step-father's  plantation  on  the  Delaware  Biver  in  Falls, 
then  from  about  1698  on  William  Biles's  new  home  at  the 
northwestern  end  of  Pennsbury,  until  his  marriage,*  when 
he  moved  to  his  own  plantation  in  Bristol  township  (bought 
1703,  see  below) ;  he  lived  there  until  about  1711,  when 
he  moved  into  the  town  of  Bristol,  where  he  resided  the 
rest  of  his  life. 


^ir 


Shortly  after  coming  of  age  he  executed  a  release  *  to  G^rge  Biles, 
dated  4  mo.  9,  1702,  for  his  interest  in  his  father's  land  bought  by 
Biles. 

On  7  mo.  8,  1708,  William  Atkinson  bought^  of  John  Sirket  586 
acres,  85  perches  in  Bristol  township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and 
adjoining  Pennsburj ;  it  was  the  upper  section  of  the  tract  shown  on 
Holme's  Map  in  the  names  of  William  Dungan,  John  Tully,  Mordecai 
Bowden,  Thomas  Dungan,  Clement  Dungan  and  Richard  Lundy,  but 
some  of  whom  were  not  owners,  as  Sirket  bought  400  acres  direct  from 
the  Proprietary,  and  had  an  original  patent  (though  including  part  of 
William  Dungan' s  former  patent);  this  has  been  explained  at  length 
under  Isaac  Atkinson.  It  ran  back  from  the  river  the  whole  length  of 
the  Pennsbury  line,  now  the  boundary  between  Falls  and  Bristol  town- 
ships. William  sold  the  front  half  of  this,  268  acres,  17  perches,  to  his 
brother  Isaac ;  *  also  a  lot  of  meadow  land,  6  acres,  96  perches,  about 

^  Register  of  Falls  Mo.  Mtg. 

'  His  marriage  record  on  Falls  register  calls  him  of  Falls  tp, 

»  Bucks  Ck).  Deed  Book  8,  p.  104. 

*  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  8,  p.  119. 

^  Date  not  known,  as  deed  is  not  on  record,  but  deeds  to  adjoining 
lands  show  it  to  have  been  before  1710,  and  it  was  probably  very  soon 
after  William's  purchase,  say,  1708  or  1704. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ,  Pennsylvania.     227 

the  centre  of  the  half  William  retained,  supposed  to  be  included  in  the 
above  amount,  but  since  shown  to  have  been  so  much  in  excess.  Wil- 
liam held  the  other  half  until  March  26,  1710,  Krhen  he  sold  it  to  John 
Smith.* 

March  25,  1712,  he  bought  of  John  Borradaile,'  of  Burlington,  a  lot 
on  the  north  side  of  Mill  Street  in  Bristol  borough ;  this  was  no  doubt 
where  he  resided  the  rest  of  his  life ;  after  his  death,  his  executors  sold 
it  to  his  son  William,*  in  1758. 

On  June  17,  1718,  he  bought  of  John  Hall,^  of  Bristol  (afterwards 
his  son-in-law),  4  acres  in  Bristol  township,  part  of  116  acres  patented 
to  Hall  by  the  Commissioners  of  Property  the  same  year ;  and  sold  it  to 
Benjamin  Harris,*  July  24,  1714. 

In  1717,  William  Atkinson  bought  of  Thomas  Bogers,  Jr.,  a  piece  of 
land  of  perhaps  55  acres  on  the  Delaware  River,  in  Bristol  township, 
part  of  the  tract  shown  on  Holme's  Map  as  Christopher  Taylor's, 
between  William  Haige  and  Francis  Richardson,  containing  something 
less  than  half  of  Taylor's  water  front.  The  exact  date  and  amount  are 
uncertain,  as  no  deed  is  recorded  for  the  Atkinson  purchase.  He  died 
seized  of  it,  and  his  executors  sold*  John  De  Normandie  48  acres,  66 
perches  as  *'  part  of  a  larger  tract  which  was  conveyed  to  sd  William 
Atkinson  by  Thomas  Rogers  Junr.  the  seventh  day  of  Anno  Domj. 
1717 ; ''  which  is  all  we  know  of  its  purchase  by  William  Atkinson.  0. 
Taylor's  heirs  had  sold  his  whole  tract  to  John  Rowland,  who  sold  it  off 
in  several  lots,  all  accounted  for  but  6  acres  95  perches  in  a  triangle 
adjoining  the  back  of  the  48  acres  65  perches  sold  by  Atkinson's  execu- 
tors, which  makes  it  appear  as  if  that  was  the  balance  of  the  larger  tract 
which  he  bought,  making  it  55  acres,  but  we  find  no  record  of  the 
disposal  of  this  portion,  either  by  him  or  his  executors. 

He  obtained  9  acres  in  Bristol  township  by  failure  of  Nathan  Watson 
to  pay  off  a  mortgage  made  July  10,  1744,^  but  as  no  further  record  of 
it  as  Atkinson's  appears,  perhaps  Watson  afterwards  redeemed  it. 

William  Atkinson  was  much  occupied  with  political 
affairs,  and  held  a  number  of  important  public  offices ;  by 
birth,  by  the  marriages  of  his  mother  (to  William  Biles)  and 
brothers,  and  his  own,  he  was  strongly  affiliated  with  the 

^  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  4,  p.  288. 
'  Bucks  Ck).  Deed  Book  4,  p.  194. 
*  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  10,  p.  55. 
«  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  4,  p.  295. 
^  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  5,  p.  49. 
«  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  64,  p.  272. 
^  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  7,  p.  189. 


228     Atkinson  Families  of  Backs  County^  Pennsylvania. 

group  of  families  that  dominated  the  local  government  of 
Colonial  Bucks  County. 

He  was  Coroner  of  Bucks  County  for  nine  terms  (of  one 
year  each)  in  1721,  1731-35,  1737, 1739  and  1740  ^;  and  a 
County  Commissioner  in  1722. 

He  waa  eleven  years,  from  1738  till  his  death  in  1749, 
Collector  of  Excise,  a  position  corresponding  to  the  present 
Federal  oflSce  of  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  a  Dis- 
trict. In  this  oflBce  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son-in-law, 
John  Hall. 

He  served  two  terms  as  a  Common  Councilman  in  Bris- 
tol, 1745  and  1746  (and  possibly  more,  as  some  of  the  lists 
about  his  time  ar^  missing.' 

In  his  commissions  as  Coroner,  William  Atkinson  is 
styled  "gentleman,"  and  some  deeds  call  him  "taylor." 
The  first  correctly  indicates  his  rank,  in  a  period  when  the 
term  was  strictly  limited  to  that  sense.  The  other  can  be 
accounted  for  by  the  custom  of  Friends'  families  of  what- 
ever rank,  having  their  children  taught  trades,  who  in  after 
life,  though  not  following  them,  used  such  designations  in 
accordance  with  Quaker  precepts  against  ostentation. 
Many  gentlemen  also  had  some  business  carried  on  by  "  ser- 
yants"  (and  sometimes  by  slaves,  but  William  Atkinson 
does  not  appear  to  have  been  a  slave  owner),  and  if  they 
were  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  designated  themselves  by  it 
for  the  same  reason.  But  William  Atkinson's  time  was 
devoted  to  his  landed  interests,  politics  and  particularly 
meeting  affairs,  and  there  was  no  more  eminent  man  in 
Bristol,  during  his  lifetime  than  he;  not  even  excepting 
Thomas  Brock  and  Anthony  Burton,  its  founders.  His 
family  and  connections  were  the  leaders  in  the  social  life  of 
the  town,  the  connections,  including  the  Radcliffes,  from 

^  Three  of  his  commissions  as  Coroner,  dated  Oct.  8,  1733,  Oct.  4, 
1734  and  Oct  4,  1737,  respectively,  have  been  published  in  Penna. 
Arch.,  3  ser.,  vol.  viii,  pp.  8,  30  and  59. 

'  A  note  to  Records  of  the  Hall  Family,  Penna.  Mao.,  xi,  316, 
gives  him  only  one  term. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ^  Pennsylvania.     229 

whom  Badcliffe  Street  (then  as  now,  the  fashionable  resi- 
dence street)  took  its  name,  and  the  Burtons  (the  founder's 
family  above  mentioned) ;  *  and  after  his  death,  the  foremost 
citizen  of  Bristol  was,  without  question,  his  son-in-law,  John 
Hall. 

William  Atkinson's  concern  in  Friends'  meeting  matters 
began  very  early  in  life.  He  belonged  to  Palls  Monthly 
Meeting  and  soon  after  reaching  his  majority  was  appointed 
Clerk  to  that  body,  a  position  he  held  until  his  death  forty- 
seven  years  later.  The  term  "  clerk  "  (of  the  meeting)  does 
not  occur  in  his  first  appointment,  but  gradually  came  into 
use,  and  he  is  so  called  later.  The  first  minute  in  relation 
thereto,  4  mo.  3,  1702,  reads:  "William  Atkinson  engaged 
to  record  the  minutes  of  the  Monthly  meeting."  And 
again,  7  mo.  2, 1702 :  "  It  was  ordered  that  William  Atkin- 
son should  be  paid  16s.  8d.  for  writing. — This  meeting 
orders  William  Atkinson  to  take  the  book  for  births, 
burials,  and  marriage  certificates  into  his  custody,  and  re- 
cord the  same  as  they  come  to  his  hand."^  He  kept  the 
records  of  the  women's  side  of  the  meeting,  as  well  as  the 
men's ;  their  minute  of  12  mo.  2, 1703  being :  "  Agreed 
that  Jane  Biles  take  care  to  get  her  son  William  Atkinson 
to  record  all  ye  minutes  of  ye  meeting  from  ye  beginning 

*  The  Burtons  were  connected  through  his  first  wife,  Mary  Hough, 
whose  niece,  also  Mary  Hough,  married  Anthony  Burton,  Jr.,  son  of 
Anthony  mentioned  ahove.  The  Badcliffe  connection  was  one  of  several 
links  :  William  Atkinson's  second  wife,  Margaret  Baker,  was  daughter 
of  Henry  Baker,  by  his  second  wife,  Mary,  widow  of  James  Badcliffe ; 
the  latter  was  mother  of  Edward  Badcliffe,  who  married  his  step-sister, 
Phebe  Baker,  daughter  of  Henry,  by  his  first  wife,  Margaret  Hardman ; 
Mrs.  Atkinson  was  thus  half-sister  to  both  Edward  Badcliffe  and  his 
wife.  (See  Henry  Baker  and  Some  of  HU  Descendants,  by  Miles  White, 
Jr.,  Publications  Southern  Bist.  Assn.,  vol.  6,  pp.  888-400,  477-496.) 
Again  Bebecca  Badcliffe,  sister  of  Edward,  was  first  wife  of  John  Halli 
whose  third  wife  was  William  Atkinson's  daughter,  Hannah. 

'  The  book  for  recording  certificates  of  removal  presented  to  Falls 
Mo.  Mtg.  appears  at  that  time  to  have  been  outside  the  clerk's  province. 
It  was  kept  by  Bichard  Hough  from  12  mo.  6,  1683  until  the  meeting 
of  2  mo.  4,  1704,  when  he  turned  it  over  to  Joseph  Kirkbride. 


t 

!  *  230     Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ^  Pennsylvania, 

unto  ye  day  into  ye  bound  book  that  was  bought  for  that 
purpose."  "Margery  Hough  and  Jane  Biles  appointed 
on  a  Committee  to  review  all  ye  writings  before  they  be 
transcribed."  At  the  women's  meeting  1  mo.  5,  1707^: 
"The  Friends  appointed  to  examine  ye  book  wch  is  in 
William  Atkinson's  hand — ^give  an  account  they  find  ye 
j  book  well  and  truely  recorded."     Similar  directions  for  re- 

viewing and  recording  re-occur  a  number  of  times,  on  both 
men's  and  women's  minutes;  William  Atkinson  was 
sometimes  on  the  reviewing  committee  himself.* 

The  men's  minutes  have,  9  mo.  2,  1749 :   "  William  At- 
kinson the  late   clerk  of   this   meeting   being    deceased 
William   Buckley  is  therefore   desired  to  undertake  that 
^  service  as  also  to  get  the  several  books  and  papers  belong- 

i  ing  to  this  meeting  from  the  Executors  of  the  said  William 

Atkinson  into  his  care." 

William  Atkinson  was  also  Clerk  to  Bucks  Quarterly 
i|  Meeting;  the  first  mention  of  this  in  Palls  records  is  in  the 

\  i;  women's  minutes,  1  mo.  3,  1707/8 : 

i  ^  j  "  The  Quarterly  Meeting  book  that  was  in  William  Atkin- 

l  ':  son's  hand  is   recorded   to   the   satisfaction  of  Friends." 

Accounts  of  payments  to  him  for  recording  the  Quarterly 
minutes,  appear  thereafter  from  time  to  time  in  Falls  books. 
The  Friends'  Intdligenjcer  of  2  mo.  13,  1886  (no.  7  of  vol. 
XLni,  p.  108)  has : 


»   I 


4     ; 


Jf  : 

1  '  ^  These  dates  are  all  Old  Style ;  this  is  really  March  5,  1706/7  ;  this 

;:  is  a  case  (such  as  referred  to  in  a  previous  footnote,  p.  220)  of  dating  the 

>  new  year  in  advance  of  its  official  banning  (March  25)  ;  the  preceding 

,''   :  minute  being  correctly  dated  12  mo.  [Feb.  ]  5,  1706.  Such  cases  occur 

*•  frequently  in  the  Falls  minutes  and  are  a  cause  of  some  confusion. 

i   ,  *  He  was  on  this  committee  1  mo.  4,  1718/9,  7  mo.  3,  1729  and 

'f  8  mo.  2,  1789.     An  entry  4  mo.  1,  1715,  is:  *<  William  Atkinson  hav- 

7  ing  recorded  the  Minutes,  brought  them  to  this  meeting.*'     There  are 

^  other  entries  to  this  effect,  and  ordering  his  charges  paid,  or  stating 

\  amounts  that  had  been  paid  him.     On  1  mo.  5,  1785  [1784/5]  he  was 

ordered  to  get  a  new  minute  book,  and  on  8  mo.  7,  it  was  reported  he 

had  done  so. 

f 

I 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County y  Pennsylvania.     281 

"OLD  COPIES  OF  THE  DISCIPLINE. 
Editors  Intelligencer  and  Journal : 

In  *  Letters  by  the  Way/  in  the  last  issue  of  the  paper,  P.  E.  Gib- 
bons mentions  '  the  first  edition  of  the  Discipline,  issued  in  or  about 
1793.'  I  have  a  manuscript  edition  of  the  Discipline  adopted  by 
Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting  in  1719.  It  is  in  the  handwriting  of 
William  Atkinson.  R.  W. 

Doylestown,  Pa." 

Palls  minutes  (men's)  have  in  regard  to  this,  5  mo. 
6,  1720 :  "  *  *  ♦  the  Quarterly  Meeting  ordered  he  " 
[William  Atkinson]  "  should  have  15b.  paid  him  for  tran- 
scribing the  revisal  of  the  Book  of  Discipline,  so  much 
being  our  proportion  which  is  ordered  paid." 

The  minutes  of  Bucks  Quarterly  Meeting  (now  deposited 
in  the  Newtown  Bank)  show  him  to  have  been  appointed 
clerk  to  that  meeting  some  years  before  the  first  mention 
above.  At  a  Quarterly  Meeting  held  at  Falls,  3  mo.  28, 
1702 :  "  William  Atkinson  having  entered  ye  minits  of  ye  q** 
meeting  y*.  was  Left  unentered  by  Phinehaa  Pemberton  it 
is  thought  fit  by  this  meeting  yt  he  Enter  y*  Births  Burials 
k  Marriage  Certificates  y*  still  rerawnes  unentered  in  y* 
quarter  meeting  Book  &  y^  friends  satisfie  him  for  his  Care 
therein."  At  a  Quarterly  Meeting  held  at  Neshaminy  6  mo. 
27,  1702 :  "  The  fr*'  Concerned  to  Collect  ye  ace**  of  w* 
publick  fr*^  have  died  belonging  To  This  meeting  have 
Brought  y*  s*  ace**  into  This  meeting  Therefore  it  is  ordered 
y*  both  meeting  Lists  be  Joyned  in  one  k  y*  Will*  Atkinson 
trancescribe  Them  against  ye  yearly  meeting. 

William  Atkinson  haveing  given  y*  meeting  an  ace**  y* 
all  y*  Births  and  Burials  are  Recorded  to  this  Time  *"  *  *.  " 

At  a  Quarterly  Meeting  held  at  Wrightstown  12  mo.  27, 
1745  [Feb.  1746]  :  "  This  meeting  appoints  Joseph  White, 
Robert  Collison,  Joseph  Chapman,  Samuel  Eastbum  &  Wm. 
Atkinson  to  view  the  Minuits  of  this  Meeting  Unrecorded, 
and  when  done  William  Atkinson  is  Appointed  to  record 
them."  But  he  did  not  record  this  minute,  as  it  is  in  a  new 
hand,  and  was  probably  entered  by  the  next  clerk,  after  Wil- 
liam's death.    At  a  Quarterly  Meeting  held  at  Middletown, 


282     Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ,  Pennsylvania. 

9  mo.  30, 1749 :  "  Joseph  White  is  desired  to  act  as  Clerk 
to  this  Meeting  in  room  of  William  Atkinson  Deceased.'* 

William  Atkinson  was  appointed  an  Elder  of  Palls 
Monthly  Meeting  11  mo.  4,  1726,  and  at  his  death  had 
acted  in  that  capacity  nearly  twenty-three  years.^  The 
above  date  of  appointment  is  ^ven  in  the  list  of  Elders  in 
the  minutes  for  3  mo.  28, 1746,  of  the  Meeting  of  Ministers 
and  Elders  (of  Bucks  Quarter)  (with  the  other  Q.  M.  records 
in  Newtown  Bank),  as  well  as  in  those  of  Palls  Monthly 
Meeting.  He  appears  not  to  have  been  clerk  to  the  Min- 
isters and  Elders  meeting. 

He  was  a  representative  of  Palls  Monthly  in  the  Quarterly 
Meeting  at  least  twenty-one  times ;  these  were  : 

[dates  of  appointment,  not  of  holding  the  Q.  M.]  3  mo.  2, 
1711;  3  mo.  5,  1714;  3  mo.  4, 1720;  9  mo.  6, 1723 ;  3  mo. 
6,  1724;  9  mo.  3, 1726;  9  mo.  2,  1726;  6  mo.  5,  and  12 
mo.  3, 1730 ;  9  mo.  3,  1731;  6  mo.  6, 1735 ;  8  mo.  6,  and  9 
mo.  4,  1741;  3  mo.  5,  and  12  mo.  3,1742;  3  mo.  2,  and  12 
mo.  6, 1744 ;  3  mo.  1, 1745 ;  9  mo.  5, 1746 ;  12  mo.  1, 1748 ; 
3  mo.  3,  1749. 

He  served  on  many  special  committees  of  the  monthly 
meeting  (over  eighty  of  them,  so  only  the  most  important 
can  be  mentioned  here,  besides  some  under  appropriate 
heads  elsewhere) : 

Appointed  1  mo.  5,  1711/2  on  committee  to  settle  Treasurer's  ac- 
counts. 

2  mo.  2,  1712,  to  collect  subscriptions  from  Bristol. 

8  mo.  5,  1720,  to  collect  subscriptions  from  Bristol  meeting  to 
assist  in  rebuilding  Chester  Meeting  House,  Burlington  County, 
destroyed  by  fire. 

4  mo.  5,  1723,  to  receive  subscriptions  to  aid  Shrewsbury  Friends 
in  building  their  Meeting  House. 

WiUiam  Atkinson  was  an  original  member  of  Bristol 
particular  meeting  on  its  establishment  in  1710.  Previously 
the  Bristol  Friends  had  attended  Palls  particular  meeting 

^  The  note  to  Records  of  the  Ball  Ihtmily,  mentioned  above,  Penna. 
Mag.,  XI,  816,  says  erroneously  thirty-three  years. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ,  Pennsylvania.     288 

(William  had  naturally  done  bo  in  early  life  when  living  in 
Falls  township);  though  from  about  1704  they  had  had  oc- 
casional meetings  at  Bristol.  Samuel  Smith,  historian  of 
eariy  New  Jersey  and  vicinity  says :  "  Meetings  for  worship 
at  Bristol  were  sometimes  held  at  Friends  houses  till  1710 
when  a  meeting-house  was  built,  and  a  meeting  settled 
therein."  It  was  one  of  the  constituent  members  of  Falls 
Monthly  Meeting.* 

He  was  made  an  overseer  for  Bristol  Meeting  at  the 
monthly  meeting  of  8  mo.  8, 1711,  and  was  released  from 
that  position,  11  mo.  7, 1713. 

On  2  mo.  1,  and  7  mo.  2, 1718  he  was  on  committees  for 
accounts  of  Bristol  meeting  house.  Middletown  Monthly 
Meeting,  10  mo.  6, 1722,  ordered  a  subscription  for  Friends 
who  lost  by  fire  at  Bristol,  the  amount  collected  to  be  paid 
to  Oeorge  Clough  and  Wilham  Atkinson. 

William  Atkinson  was  one  of  the  Trustees  for  lands  be- 
longing to  Falls  Monthly  Meeting. 

John  Rowland,  by  deed'  of  1  mo.  8,  1708/4,  conyeyed  to  Edmond 
Lovett,  William  Atkimton  and  Nehemiah  Blackshaw,  trosteeB,  a  lot 
5x5  perchee,  near  the  house  of  Thomas  Watson,  the  elder,  laid  out  for 
a  burying  ground.  At  the  monthly  meeting  11  mo.  1,  1745/6,  it  was 
agreed  that,  as  William  Atkinson  was  the  only  surviving  trustee, 
the  deed  should  be  renewed  to  others  then  selected.  Accordingly  the 
said  survivor  by  deed  •  of  Feb.  1,  1745/6,  conveyed  the  said  5  perches 
square,  in  Falls  township,  to  Thomas  Watson,  Joseph  Wharton,  Ed- 
mond Lovett  and  Joseph  Atkinson,  the  persons  chosen  ;  and  reported 
his  action  to  the  meeting  4  mo.  4,  1746. 

On  Feb.  1,  1706,  Joshua  Hoopes,  survivor  of  former  trustees, 
conveyed  ^  to  the  new  ones,  Joseph  Kirkbride,  Thomas  Watson  (tanner), 
Abel  Janney,  Samuel  Baker,  Edward  Lucas  and  William  Atkinson  the 
burying  ground  of  72  sq.  perches,  which  Thomas  Janney  had  donated 
the  meeting,  and  conveyed  to  the  former  trustees,  4  mo.  4,  1690 ;  this  was 

^  In  1788  it  was  transferred  to  Middletown  Monthly  Meeting,  where 
it  now  belongs. 

*  Bucks  Ck).  Deed  Book  8,  p,  157. 

*  Not  on  record,  but  feict  recited  in  deed  of  these  new  trustees  to 
their  successors,  9  mo.  15,  1778,  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  17,  p.  218. 

*  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  10,  p.  175  ;  it  was  not  recorded  until  1760. 


2S4     Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County^  Pennsylvania. 

the  one  on  Slate-pit  Hill,  on  the  road  below  Yardley  in  (now  Lower) 
Makefield  township.  And  10  mo.  10,  1721,  Daniel  Burgees  (devisee  of 
Samuel  Burgess)  conveyed  six  acres  to  the  same ;  ^  it  having  been  dis- 
covered that  the  six  acres  donated  Falls  Meeting  by  Samuel  Burgess  and 
conveyed  by  him  to  its  trustees,  4  mo.  4,  1690,  had  been  laid  out  in 
another  place.  On  12  mo.  7,  1774,  Joseph  Atkinson,  as  son  and  heir 
of  William,  last  surviving  trustee,  conveyed  these  two  lots'  to  new 
trustees ;  it  was  stated  that  at  that  time  the  Janney  gift  was  walled  in. 

At  the  monthly  meeting  5  mo.  7,  1714,  the  bequest  of  John  Sirket  for 
keeping  the  grave  yard  at  Falls  Meeting  House  in  repair,  was  placed  in 
care  of  William  Atkinson. 

He  was  appointed  a  trustee  for  the  Bristol  burying  yard,  by  Falls 
Monthly  Meeting,  12  mo.  7,  1710.  On  June  12,  1711,  Samuel  Car- 
penter conveyed*  to  Joseph  Kirkbride,  Thomas  Stevenson,  William 
Groasdale,  George  Clough,  Samuel  Burgess  and  William  Atkinson,  for 
use  of  Bristol  Meeting,  two  lots  in  that  borough,  one  of  4  acres,  and  one 
of  19  perches,  the  latter  at  the  comer  of  Market  and  Wood  streets. 
May  18,  1738,  William  Atkinson,  as  survivor  of  the  above,  conveyed* 
these  two  lots  to  the  new  trustees,  Joseph  Kirkbride,  William  Blakey, 
Samuel  Bunting,  John  Hutchinson,  Jr.,  Thomas  Marriott,  Jr.,  and 
Joseph  Atkinson. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  in  two  of  these  trusteeships  William  Atkinson 
was  succeeded  by  his  son  Joseph. 

On  1  mo.  6, 1727/8,  William  Atkinson  acquainted  the 
monthly  meeting  of  his  intention  of  going  on  a  voyage  to 
sea,  and  requested  a  certificate.  This  was  to  Barbadoes ;  he 
was  gone  about  seven  months ;  on  his  return  he  presented 
to  Falls,  9  mo.  6,  1728,  a  certificate  from  Friends  at  Barba- 
does. 

William  Atkinson  in  his  will*  dated  Sept.  22,  1749, 
proved  Nov.  30, 1749,  speaks  of  himself  as  of  the  "  Burrough 
of  Bristol "  and  "  flSa.r  advanced  in  years."  He  left  his 
daughter  Rachel  Atkinson  Aimiture  and  money,  and  his 
daughter  Mary  Banckson  and  son  Samuel  Atkinson  each  a 

^  Fact  recited  in  deed  to  their  successors,  12  mo.  7,  1744,  Backs  Go. 
Deed  Book  17,  p.  205. 
«  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  17,  p.  206. 

*  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  4,  p.  166. 

*  Bucks  Co,  Deed  Book  10,  p.  181. 

*  Bucks  Co.  WiU  Book  2,  p.  168. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County y  Pennsylvania,     285 

small  sum,  and  directed  the  residue  to  be  equally  divided 
between  all  his  children,  "  as  well  them  above  named  as  the 
rest."  He  also  mentioned  his  son-in-law  John  Hall,  and 
"  cousin  "  Samuel  Bunting  (a  nephew  of  his  second  wife). 
The  executors  named  were  his  son  Joseph  and  daughter 
Rachel.  He  gave  them  power  to  sell  all  real  estate,  but  did 
not  specify  what  he  possessed ;  the  inventory  made  Nov.  18, 
1749,  mentioned  some  woodland  and  a  house  and  lot,  but 
not  their  extent  nor  location ;  the  house  and  lot  were,  of 
course,  his  residence  on  Mill  Street,  Bristol,  which  the  ex- 
ecutors sold  in  1758  to  William  Atkinson,  Jr. 

William  Atkinson  married,  first,  2  mo.  [April]  6,  1704, 
at  Falls  meeting,*  Mary  Hough,  (b.  6  mo.  1,  1685,  d.  9. 
mo.  11,  1720,)*  daughter  of  Richard  and  Margery  (Clows) 
Hough,  of  Makefield  township,  and  sister  to  his  brother 
Isaac's  wife.  For  account  of  Richard  Hough,  Provincial  Coun- 
cillor, etc.,  and  Margery  Clows,  his  wife,  see  Penna.  Mag., 
Vol.  XVIII,  pp.  20-34 ;  also  Note  B.  appended  to  this  article. 

Mary  (Hough)  Atkinson  was  active  on  the  women's  side 
of  Falls  Monthly  Meeting;  her  particular  meeting  being 
Falls  before  marriage  and  Bristol  after.  She  was  chosen  a 
representative  to  the  Quarterly  Meeting  3  mo.  6,  1719 ;  and 
was  named  on  committees  of  the  monthly  meeting  12  mo. 
7, 1710/1;  3  mo.  4,  and  10  mo.  7, 1715;  3  mo.  2,  1716;  2 
mo.  1,  1719 ;  and  5  mo.  6,  1720.  She  was  appointed  an 
overseer  (presumably  for  Bristol  meeting)  4  mo.  1, 1720 ; 
on  3  mo.  3, 1721  the  minutes  say :  "  By  reason  of  the 
death  of  our  ffiriend  Mary  Atkinson,  Jane  Chadwick  is  ap- 
pointed to  be  an  overseer  in  her  stead." 

In  a  letter  in  possession  of  the  writer,  dated  3  mo.  18, 
1721,  from  William  Atkinson  to  Phebe  Radcliffe  in  Bristol 
he  says  in  part : ''  for  all  my  private  Retirements  and  Medi- 
tations are  intermixed  with  a  Natural  Sorrow,  for  Loss  of 
so  many  of  my  most  near  ffiriends,  ffirst  my  Dear  Sister  (in 
the  nearest  Relation)  M  :  W :  then  of  my  Dear  Brother :  W. 

^  Register  of  FallB  Mo.  Mtg. 


^i 


ir  286     Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County j  Pennsylvania. 


«r 


r, 


} 


^ 


i 


'I  B :  and  then  of  my  near  Dear  true  Companion  and  Bosome 

\  *  ffiiend,  (which  is  most  Direfiill  to  Bear)  then  of  my  poor 

*  Brother  Isaac  and  mother  all  which  have  so  succeeded  one 

another,  that  ever  Since  that  day  that  I  came  to  Neshaminy 
quarter  meeting  when  M :  W :  Lay  dying  I  have  waded  deep 
through  unexpressable  Sorrow  *  *  * "     The  "  Dear  true 
I  I  Companion,"  etc.,  meant  his  wife ;  M.  W.  and  W.  B.  must 

have  been  sister  and  brother  in  the  reli^ous  sense  only,  as 
none  of  his  own,  nor  his  wife's,  nor  his  stepfather's  family, 
corresponding  to  these  initials,  died  at  this  time ;  the  mother 
!  was   doubtless  his  mother-in-law  Margery  Hough,  whose 

death  followed  Isaac  Atkinson's  as  the  letter  states.     The 
Phebe  BadclijSe  to  whom  the  letter  was  written  was  daugh- 
ter of  Henry  Baker  k  widow  of  Edward  RadclijBfe ;  she  will 
*  be  written  of  in  Notes  D  and  E. 

William  and  Mary  (Hough)  Atkinson  had  issue  : 

(Births  from  raster  of  Falls  Mo.  Mtg.) 

10.  Sarah  Atklnson,  b.  1.  10,  1704/5,  d.  10.  — ,  1706.^ 

11.  Hannah  Atkinson,  b.  11.  25.  1706/7,  d.  12.  9.  1760.* 
Mar.  May  —  ,  1784,  John  Hall. 

12.  William  Atkinson  (Jr.),  b.  9.  18.  1709,  d.  1794. 
Mar.  Sept  24,  1734,  Sarah  Pawley. 

13.  Mary  Atkinson,  b.  7, 19.  1713,  d. . 

Mar.  Julj  9,  1745,  Daniel  Bankson. 

14.  Joseph  Atkinson,  b.  10.  5.  1716,  d. . 

Mar.  Ist,  Dec.  8,  1743,  Jennet  Cowgill. 

2nd,  April  13,  1762,  Sarah  Silver. 

15.  Sarah  Atkinson,  b.  9.  4.  1719,  d.  2.  7.  1726.* 

William  Atkinson  married,  second,  4  mo.  [June]  6, 
1722,  at  Bristol  meeting,'  Margaret  Baker,  (b.  6  mo.  2, 
1693,  d.  6  mo.  20,  1748),^  daughter  of  Henry  and  Mary 

1  Register  of  Falls  Mo.  Mtg. 

'  Hall  Family  Bible,  the  entries  in  which  were  printed,  with  notes, 
as  Eeoards  a/  the  Hall  Family,  of  Bristol,  JPlmntylvania,  in  Penna. 
Mao.,  XI,  809-317. 

*  Register  of  Falls  Mo.  Mtg. 

*  So  in  Register  of  Falls  Mo.  Mtg. ;  in  White's  Henry  Baker,  and 
ReoordB  of  the  Hall  Family,  her  death  is  given  Dec. ,  1748. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County y  Pennsylvania.     237 

Baker,  of  Makefield  township;^  at  this  date  Henry 
Baker  was  deceased,  and  his  widow,  with  her  daughter 
Margaret,  was  living  in  Bristol  borough.  For  an  ac- 
count of  Henry  Baker,  one  of  the  leading  men  of  early 
Bucks  County,  see  sketch  of  him  by  Miles  White,  Jr.,  in 
Publications  of  Southern  History  Ass\  vol  5,  pp.  388-400, 
477-496;  also  Note  D.  following  this  article.  Margaret  At- 
kinson's mother,  before  marrying  Henry  Baker,  was  widow 
of  James  Radcliffe,  an  eminent  minister  of  the  Society  of 
Friends ;  the  Radclifie  family  was  connected  with  the  At- 
kinsons in  other  ways  also ;  see  Note  £. 

Margaret  (Baker)  Atkinson  served  frequently  on  com- 
mittees of  Falls  Monthly  Meeting,  viz. :  6  mo.  7,  1723 ;  2 
mo.  7, 1724;  8  mo.  2,  and  9  mo.  6, 1728;  9  mo.  5, 1729 ; 
1  mo.  3,  1735/6;  8  mo.  5,  and  9  mo.  2,  1743;  5  mo.  2, 
1746 ;  4  mo.  3,  and  5  mo.  1, 1747. 

William  and  Margaret  (Baker)  Atkinson  had  issue : 

(Births  from  register  of  Falls  Mo.  Mtg,) 

16.  Rachel  Atkinson,  b.  3.  23.  1723,  d,  6.  8.  1803.' 

Mar.  10.  18.  1750,  Thomas  Stapler.  ^ 

17.  Rebecca  Atkinson,  b.  6.  26.  1726,  d.  8.  8.  1731.« 
( 18.  Samuel  Atkinson,  b.  6.  12.  1729,  d. . 

1 19.  Isaac  Atkinson,  b.  5.  12.  1729,  d.  7.  16.  1747.' 

20.  Thomas  Atkinson,  b.  11.  19.  1732,  d.  6.  7.  1734.» 
In  Martindale's  MSS.,  toI  6,  on  the  32nd  page  Rachers  birth  is  given 
as  8.  27 ;  on  the  56th  page  her  birth  is  given  as  3.  21,  her  death  as 
5.  9,  and  Thomas's  birth  as  11.  9 ;  as  these  MSS.  have  frequ^tly  been 
found  inaccurate,  we  give  the  preference  to  the  meeting  register  dates, 
as  copied  above.  The  mistakes  on  the  56th  page  as  to  RachePs  birth 
&  death  are  repeated  on  the  61st  page. 

^  In  Isaac  C.  Martindale's  genealogical  MSS.  in  possession  of  The 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  vol.  6  (not  paged),  on  the  32nd  page, 
Margaret  Baker's  husband  is  given  as  William  Atkinson,  of  Middletown, 
son  of  John ;  this  William  was  of  the  other  (Christopher  and  John) 
Atkinson  family,  and  the  true  facts  as  to  him  will  be  found  in  Part  II 
of  this  article.  The  children  named  by  Martindale  on  that  page  are 
actually  Margaret's  children  as  given  above.  On  the  56th  page  her 
husband  is  correctly  called  William  Atkinson  of  Bristol,  son  of  Thomas, 
and  the  same  list  of  children  reappears. 

*  Register  Falls  Mo.  Mtg. 

*  Martindale's  MSS.,  just  mentioned. 

(To  be  continued) 


238       2he  Masonic  Chrondogy  of  Benjamin  Franklin. 


THE  MASONIC  CHRONOLOGY  OF  BENJAMIN 
FRA^NEJilN. 

COMPILED  BT  JULIUS  F.   SACH8E. 

The  Masonic  career  of  Benjamin  Franklin  extends  over  a 
period  of  almost  sixty  years,  during  which  time  he  was  ac- 
corded the  highest  Masonic  honors  at  home  and  abroad. 

Born  Boston,  O.  S.  January  6, 1705-6.  N.  S.  January  17, 
1706. 

Initiated  in  St   John's  Lodge,  Philadelphia,   February 
1780-1.^ 
Drafts  a  set  of  By-laws  for  St  John's  Lodge  June  1782.* 
June  24,  1732  Elected  Junior  Grand  Warden.* 
June  24, 1784  Elected  Grand  Master  of  Pennsylvania.* 
August  1784  Prints  his  "  Mason  Book  "  a  reprint  of  An- 
derson's Constitutions,  the  first  Masonic  book  printed  in 
America.* 

1734-5  The  State  house  (Independence  Hall)  built  dur- 
ing Franklin's  administration.  According  to  old  Masonic 
and  family  traditions,  the  corner-stone  was  laid  by  him  and 
the  brethren  of  St.  John's  Lodge.* 

1786-8  Serves  as  Secretary  to  St  John's  Lodge.^ 
April  13, 1738  Franklin  in  a  letter  to  his  Mother,  says: 
"  Freemasons  have  no  principles  or  practices  that  are  incon- 
sistent with  religion  and  good  manners."® 

1  Vide  "Liber  B"  in  Collection  of  The  Historical  Society  of 
Penna. 

•  Vide  Proceedings  Grand  Lodge  of  Penna.  1885  pp.  37-39. 
»  Pennsylvania  Gazette  No.  187.  June  26.  1732 

•  "  *«      No.  290  June  27.  1784 

•  "  *«      No.         May  9-1784 

Copy  in  Hist  Soc.  of  Penna.  and  in  Masonic  Temple  Library, 

•  Vide  Votes  of  the  Assembly,  fitting's  History  of  Independence 
Hall,  also  date  on  water  spouts,  of  the  Hall. 

•  "  Liber  B"  1784—1788. 

'  Original  draft  in  Franklin's  handwriting  in  his  Common-place 
Book,  Collection  Hist.  Soc  of  Penna. 


The  Masonic  Chronology  of  Benjamin  Franklin.       289 

May  25,  1743,  Visits  St.  John's  Lodge,  Boston.^ 

June  10,  1749  Appointed  Provincial  Grand  Master  of 
Pennsylvania  by  Thomas  Oxnard  of  Boston.* 

August  29,  1749  Tun  Tavern  Lodge  petitions  P.  G.  M. 
Franklin  for  a  Dispensation.* 

March  13,  1750,  Deposed  as  Provincial  Grand  Master 
and  immediately  appointed  Deputy  Grand  Master  by  Wil- 
liam Allen.* 

March  12, 1752  appointed  on  Committee  for  building  the 
Freemason's  Lodge  in  Philadelphia.* 

October  25, 1752  Visits  Tun  Tavern  Lodge,  Philapelphia.* 

October  11, 1754  Present  at  the  Quarterly  Communicar 
tion  held  in  Concert  Hall,  Boston.^ 

June  24, 1755  Takes  a  prominent  part  in  the  Grand  An- 
niversary and  Dedication  of  Freemason's  Lodge  in  Phila- 
delphia.    The  first  Masonic  building  in  America.' 

Serves  as  Deputy  Grand  Master  of  Pennsylvania  until 
1760.» 

November  17, 1760  Present  at  Grand  Lodge  of  England 
held  at  Crown  &  Anchor  London.  Entered  upon  the 
Minutes  as  Provincial  Grand  Master.^® 

1762  Addressed  as  Grand  Master  of  Pennsylvania." 

1176  Affiliates  with  Masonic  Lodges  in  France." 

1777  Elected  Member  of  Loge  des  IX  Soeurs  (Nine 
Sisters  or  Muses.) 

^  Records  first  lodge  (St.  John's)  Boston  Mass. 

*  Proceedings  G.  L.  of  Penna.  1882  —  p  157. 

*  Mss.  Minutes  Tnn  Tayern  Lodge. 

*  Proceedings  of  G.  L.  of  Penna. —1882.  p.  157 
^  Original  Mss  in  Masonic  Temple  Library. 

*  Mss.  Minutes  Tun  Tayern  Lodge. 

*  Proceedings  Grand  Lodge  Massachusetts  1871  p  861. 

'  Pennsylyania  Gazette  No.  1384 — also  "a  Sermon  preached  in 
Christ  Church"  Philadelphia  1755  in  Hist  Soc.  Penna. 

*  Noorthouck's  Constitutions. 

^  Minute  Book  of  Grand  Lodge  of  England. 

"  Letters  to  Franklin  firom  Bro.  Valentz  in  Collection  of  Amer. 
Philos.  Soc. 

"  Vide  Documents  in  Collection  of  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.' 


240        The  Masonic  Chronology  of  Benjamin  FrankUn. 

February  7, 1778  Assists  at  the  initiation  of  Voltaire  in 
the  Lodge  of  the  Nine  Sisters.* 

November  28, 1778  Officiates  at  the  "  Lodge  of  Sorrow  " 
or  Masonic  funeral  services  of  Voltaire.* 

1782  Elected  Venerable  (W.  M.)  of  Loge  des  IX  Soeurs 
Grand  Orient  de  Paris.* 

July  7, 1782  Member  R  '.  L.'  .  De  Saint  Jean  De  Jeru- 
salem.^ 

April  24, 1785  Elected  Venerable  d'honneur  of  R'.  L.'. 
De  Saint  Jean  De  Jerusalem.* 

1785  Honorary  Member  Loge  des  Bone  Amis  (Good 
Friends)  R)uen,  France.* 

December  27, 1786.  In  the  dedication  of  a  sermon  de- 
livered at  the  request  of  the  R.  W.  Grand  Lodge  of  Penn- 
sylvania, by  Rev.  Joseph  Pilmore  in  St  Paul's  Church, 
Philadelphia,  Franklin  is  referred  to  as  "  An  illustrious 
Brother  whose  distinguished  merit  among  Masons  entitles 
him  to  their  highest  veneration."^ 

April  17, 1790  Benjamin  Franklin  passed  to  the  Grand 
Lodge  beyond. 

April  19, 1906  Masonic  Services  at  his  grave  in  Christ 
Church  yard,  Philadelphia  by  the  R  W.  Grand  Lodge  of 
Pennsylvania,  the  occasion  being  the  celebration  of  the  two 
hundredth  anniversary  of  the  Birth  of  Brother  Benjamin 
Franklin. 

^  Kla£8'  History  of  Freemasonry. 

'  Mas  in  Amer.  Philoe.  Soc  See  also  Medal  struck  in  honor  of 
the  occasion  in  Masonic  Temple  library  at  Philadelphia. 

*  Documents  in  American  Philosophical  Society. 

*  ibid. 

*  ibid. 

*  Documents  in  Collection  of  University  of  Pennsylvania 

*  Copy  of  book  in  Hist.  Soc'y  of  Penna.  and  in  Masonic  Temple 
library. 


Notes  and  Queries.  241 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

Vlote0. 

Bust  of  Fkanklin,  Attributed  to  Cebagchi  the  wobk  of 
Caffiebe. — ^The  well  known  buBt  of  Franklin,  with  the  loose  neck- 
cloth, which  for  nearly,  if  not  quite,  a  century  has  been  attributed  to 
the  Italian  sculptor  Guisseppe  Ceracchi  I  have  discovered  was  not 
made  by  him  but  is  the  work  of  the  Frenchman,  Jean  Jacques  Oaffiere. 
The  one  presented  by  Franklin  to  M.  le  Roy,  of  the  Academy  of  Sci- 
ences, is  signed  ''fait  par  J  J  Caffiere  en  1777,'*  in  which  year  it  was 
exhibited  at  the  Salon.  I  am  satisfied  that  Ceracchi  never  made  a  bust 
of  Franklin.  The  whole  story  I  shall  soon  tell  in  a  work  I  am 
preparing. 

Chables  Henbt  Habt. 

Fbanklin  Portbatts. — ^The  letter  from  Franklin  to  Jeremiah 
Meyer,  the  eminent  miniaturist  and  enameler,  printed  from  a  rough 
draft,  unfortunately  not  dated,  in  the  Pennsylvania  Magazine  of  Hib- 
TOBT  AND  BiOGBAPHT  for  January  1906,  in  which  Franklin  speaks  of 
**  the  Picture  from  which  he  was  to  make  a  Miniature,'*  leads  to  the  perti- 
nent inquiry.  What  has  become  of  the  Franklin  Family  portraits  ?  I  know 
of  but  one  portrait  of  Deborah  Franklin,  that  engraved  for  Sparks,  of 
but  one  of  Sarah  Bache,  that  painted  by  Hoppner,  now  in  the  Metro- 
politan Museum,  New  York ;  and  of  but  one  fiunily  miniature  of  Frank- 
lin, that  by  Duplessis,  formerly  owned  by  Mrs.  £.  D.  Gillespie.  Yet  in 
the  Franklin  letters,  in  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  there  are 
repeated  references  to  portraits  and  miniatures  of  himself,  of  his  wife 
and  of  his  daughter.  What  has  become  of  them  ?  Any  reader  know- 
ing will  kindly  answer. 

Franklin  writes  to  Deborah  November  22,  1757  [with  a  postscript  on 
December  2]  <'  I  hear  there  has  a  miniature  painter  gone  over  to  Phila- 
delphia, a  relative  to  John  Reynolds.  If  Sally's  picture  is  not  done  to 
your  mind  by  the  young  man  [John  Hesselius]  and  the  other  gentleman 
is  a  good  hand  and  follows  the  business,  suppose  you  get  Sfdly*8  done 
by  him  and  send  it  to  me  with  your  small  picture  that  I  may  get  all  our 
little  family  drawn  in  one  conversation  piece.*' 

June  1768, — "I  &ncy  I  see  more  likeness  in  her  [Sally's]  picture 
than  I  did  at  first  and  I  look  at  it  often  with  pleasure,  or  at  least  it  re- 
minds me  of  her.  Yours  is  at  the  painters  who  is  to  copy  it  and  do  me 
of  the  same  size ;  but  as  to  fieunily  pieces  it  is  said  they  never  look  well 
and  are  quite  out  of  fashion  and  I  find  the  limner  very  unwilling  to 
undertake  anything  of  the  kind.  However  when  Franky's  [Francis 
Folger]  comes  and  that  of  Sally,  by  young  Hesselius,  I  shall  see  what 
can  be  done." 

Spring  of  1759. — "  I  wrote  you  by  a  man  of  War  lately  sailing  for 
New  York  and  sent  you  my  picture  in  miniature." 

VOL.  XXX. — 16 


i  242  Notes  and  Queries. 

August  14,  177]. — '*  I  am  glad  to  hear  of  all  your  welfares  and  that 
the  Pictures  etc  were  safe  arrived.  You  do  not  tell  me  who  mounted 
the  great  one  nor  where  you  have  hung  it  up.  Let  me  know  whether 
Dr  Bond  likes  the  old  one,  if  so  the  old  one  is  to  be  returned  hither  to 
Mr  Wilson  [Benjamin  Wilson]  the  Painter.  You  may  keep  the  Frame 
as  it  may  be  wanted  for  some  other  picture.'* 

March  19,  1772.— (Fragment)  **  I  wonder  that  the  picture  could  not 
k  *  «  «  «  «  *  stairs.  I  think  it  would  have  hung  *  *****  passage.*' 

'  July  14,  1778.— Richard  Bache  to  Franklin  writes.— *« A  Captain 

I  ^  .  »  Andr^  also  took  with  him  the  picture  of  you  which  hung  in  the  dining 

room." 

;  October  23,  1788. — Franklin  to  Madam  Lavoisier. — "I  have  a  long 

time  been  disabled  from  writing  to  my  dear  friend  by  a  severe  fit  of  the 

gout,  or  I  should  sooner  have  returned  my  thanks  for  her  very  kind 

^  present  of  the  portrait  which  she  has  done  me  the  the  honor  to  make  of 

me.  It  is  allowed  by  those  who  have  seen  it  to  have  great  merit  as  a 
picture  in  every  respect ;  but  what  particularly  endears  it  to  me  is  the 
hand  that  drew  it.  Our  English  enemies  when  they  were  in  possession 
of  this  city  and  my  house,  made  a  prisoner  of  my  portrait  and  carried  it 
«  off  with  them,  leaving  that  of  its  companion,  my  wife,  by  itself,  a  kind 

>  of  widow.    You  have  replaced  the  husband  and  the  lady  seems  to  smile 

as  well  pleased.** 
'  Here  is  plenty  of  material  for  investigation  and  may  lead  to  the  iden- 

k, '  tity  of  some  unknown  portraits. 

r  Chables  Henby  Habt. 

»;■■ 

f-:  BUBIAL  PlAOE  OF  ChABLES  BbOCKDEN  BbOWN  THE  FiBST  AmEBI- 

CAN  Novelist. — 

\ ,  Through  the  courtesy  of  our  esteemed  member,  Mr.  Gkorge  Vaux, 

f  Sr.,  we  are  able  to  answer  the  question,  so  frequently  asked,  as  to  the 

f  burial  place  of  the  first  American  novelist,  Charles  Brockden  Brown.  Mr. 

I  Vaux  writes  :     ''I  was  called  upon  perhaps  a  dozen  or  more  years  ago, 

v'  by  some  one,  I  cannot  now  remember  who,  with  the  request  that  I 

}f  ^                                              should  try  to  ascertain  whether  Charles  Brockden  Brown  was  interred  in 

f .  Friends  Burial  Ground.     There  is  in  the  Record  Department  of  Friend's 

.  Library  a  copy  ot  a  record  of  interments  kept  by  a  former  superintendent 

of  the  grave-yard  at  Arch  and  Fourth  streets.     This  copy  was  made 

''  from  the  original  many  years  ago  at  my  suggestion,  by  a  gentleman  at 

!;  one  time  a  clerk  in  my  employ  as  a  clerk,  who  I  think  was  a  careful 

\\  copyist,  and  I  have  no  reason  to  suppose  that  the  copy  is  inaccurrate.*' 

t  '^The  interment  was  in  Friends*   Burial  Ground,  Arch  and  Fourth 

I.  Streets,    Philadelphia,    2nd    mo.,   22,    1810,   age    thirty-nine    years; 

'  disease,  decay ;  Locality,  row  18,  Grave  16  ;  District,  Southern.     The 

I  locality  has  no  significance— all  the  early  grave  mounds  in  this  ground 

I  were  levelled  about  seventy  years  ago  and  no  interments  earlier  than 

j  1848  can  be  identified.** 

If  Mr.  Stevenson  H.  Walsh,  another  member,  in  an  examination  of  the 

*  Records  of  the  Board  of  Health,  Philadelphia,  made  the  following  ex- 


A 
'        I 

fi  ^ 


Notes  and  Queries.  243 

tract  from  the  "  Interments  in  the  Friends*  Burial  Ground  from  the 
17th  of  2nd  month  to  the  24th,  1810,  Charles  Brown,  thirty-eight  years, 
of  Phisis  Pulmonalis. ' ' 

Letters  of  administration  on  the  estate  of  the  deceased  were  granted 
in  the  same  year  to  Elizabeth  L.  Brown,  widow,  and  Elijah  Brown, 
merchant.  Sureties  Armitt  Brown  and  James  Robertson,  merchants. 
No  account  of  the  Estate  appears — only  an  Inventory. 

Abstbacts  fbom  the  Personal  Account  op  Bichabd  Neave, 
Jr.,  during  his  residence  in  Philadelphia,  from  original  in  collection  of 
The  Historical  Society  of  PennsyWania. — 

1778 

February, — ^Made  a  yisit  of  ten  days  to  New  York,  taking  a  servant 
and  two  horses.  While  there  his  hair  dressing  cost  £1.2.6.  Theatre 
tickets  £1.18,  and  his  losses  at  the  Club,  £2.5.6. 

ifarcA.— Dinner  at  Clarks  10/6  ;  Supper  at  Frankford  7/6 ;  Theatre 
tickets  £8.2.6.  Gains  at  the  Club  £2.12.6.  Sold  a  silver-laced  waist- 
coat, £2. 

April, — Dinner  at  the  Falls -5/6,  and  Bums'.  15/  and  again  19/8. 
Theatre  tickets  17/6.     Lost  at  the  Club  15/. 

May, — Dinner  at  the  Falls,  10/.  Lost  to  Sam.  Morris,  £2.10.,  to  B. 
10/6  ;  won  of  Moylan,  8/6. 

Jttn«.— Dinner  at  Schuylkill  Club,  42/9.     Lost  to  John  Meas,  £2.15. 

July,^^ift  to  Dutch  Church,  20/;  Dinner  at  Musket's  18/.  Winter 
Club  at  DufTs,  £8.9.6.     Beaver  hat  for  self,  £2.4.0. 

August, — Sold  phaeton,  £55.  Supper  at  Glaus  7/6.  My  Club  din- 
ner, £2.14.8.  Turtle  at  Burns,  19/6.  4  pair  Silk  stockings,  £5. 
Dressing  my  hair  one  year,  £9.     Hair  ribbons,  2/4. 

September, — ^A  parrot  cage,  14/.     To  the  new  play,  1/8. 

October,—2  Bot.  Wine,  10/.  Expenses  to  Chester  with  T.  Read, 
£1.5.8. 

Navember,^Te&  at  Muskets,  8/8.  Tickets  for  the  play,  7/6.  1  pair 
new  shoes,  10/.  Carting  trunk  to  wharf  [for  New  York],  Hire  of  a 
chair,  8/.  1  pair  knee  buckels  £1,9.  [Spent  parts  of  the  months  of  No- 
vember 1778,  2\piid  to  end  of  April  1774,  in  New  York  City  with  2  horses 
and  servant  Toby.] 

1774 

January. — 1  Bot.  Turlington,  4/.  1  pair  black  breiches,  84/.  Suit 
of  clothes  for  Toby  16/  and  shoes  9/6.  Keyser's  Pills  17/.  Bridges  for 
hair  dressing  4  mo.  64/. 

May, — Returns  to  Philada. — expenses  of  journey  going  and  returning 
64/.     Dinner  at  Chester  6/9. 

August^^luh  at  Schuylkill  £2.10.     Drawing  Toby's  tooth  1/. 

September, — ^Tickets  for  theater  9/    Supper  at  Carsons  4/6. 

Letteb  op  Eliza  West,  Wife  op  Benjamin  West,  the  Abtist, 

TO  HEB  KisB  Folks  Robert  Shewell  and  Wife,  of  Painb- 

wick  Hall,  Bucks  Co.,  Pennsylvania. 

[The  original  letter  is  in  the  possession  of  Dr.  James  Hendrie  Lloyd, 

of  West  PUladelphia,  who  is  a  lineal  descendant  of  Robert  Shewell,  to 

whom  the  letter  is  addressed.     The  Mr.  Hunt  referred  to  is  the  father  of 

Leigh  Hunt,  the  poet     Leigh  Hunt  was  a  nephew  of  Mrs.  Benjamin 


244  Notes  and  Queries. 

West,  his  mother  having  been  a  daughter  of  Stephen  Shewell,  merchant, 

of  Philadelphia,  who  was  a  brother  of  the  artist's  wife,  Eliza  or  Elizabeth 

Shewell.] 

My  Dear  Cousins,  Bobt.  &  Sally, 

Altho'  I  have  not  heard  from  either  of  you,  yet  I  cannot  resist  the 
inclination  of  writing,  in  hopes  it  will  be  a  further  inducement  to  you, 
to  afford  me  the  pleasing  satisfaction  of  hearing  from  you.  You  will  no 
doubt  expect  that  I  should  say  something  of  your  son,  my  Cousin 
Thomas,  but  I  am  truly  sorry  to  be  under  the  necessity  of  acknowledg- 
ing that  I  have  not  seen  him  more  than  twice  or  thrice  since  his  arrival 
here.  —  which  is  to  me  the  more  unaccountable,  as  knowingly,  or  will- 
ingly, we  have  never  given  any  offense :  —  I  have  made  strict  enquiry  —  & 
never  yet  have  been  able  to  find  his  abode,  or  any  connection  by  which 
I  could  trace  him,  &  it  has  at  times  made  me  really  unhappy  ;  —  Mr. 
Hunt  told  me  a  long  while  ago,  that  he  had  left  London  and  was  gone 
on  a  Commercial  scheme  into  the  country ;  —  but  whether  he  has  returned 
to  America  or  not,  I  am  totally  ignorant. 

I  have  the  happiness  my  dr  Cousins  to  say  that  Mr.  West  and  our 
sons  are  perfectly  well,  that  my  health  still  fluctuates  tho'  I  think  my- 
self better  than  I  was  some  years  ago,  tho  still  troubled  with  Nervous  & 
Billions  Complaints,  —  I  stay  much  at  home  as  usual. 

As  to  News — it  grieves  me  to  reflect  on  the  deplorable  situation  the 
world  is  in,  — the  Thousands  that  have  perished,  &  are  likely  still  to  fall 
by  the  desolating  sword, —  Oh  1  (Jod  preserve  and  keep  us  ;  I  sincerely 
pray  that  America  may  be  enabled  to  preserve  her  neutrallity ;  — but 
sometimes  my  fears  will  prevail. 

I  have  sprained  my  thumb  some  time  ago,  &  it  is  at  present  so  painful 
that  I  can  scarcely  hold  the  pen,  therefore  will  only  beg  you  will  have  the 
goodness  to  remember  me  to  all  your  family. 

Accept  yourselves  my  dearest  Love  &  believe  me  most  truly  your 
affec.»  Eliza  West. 

London,  20  July  1798. 

Lbtteb  of  Samuel  Powelto  George  Roberts,  1768. — 

(For  other  letters  of  these  correspondents  see  Penna.  Mao.,  Vol.  xviii, 
pp  35-42.) 
Dear  Roberts, 

I  know  not  how  to  account  for  your  long  Silence,  or  what  can  have 
tempted  you  to  be  so  forgetful  of  your  Friend.  Not  a  Line  by  Budden, 
Tillet,  Osborne,  or  the  Ship  arrived  at  Bristol  a  few  Days  past.  Could 
I  imagine  this  Neglect  to  be  willful,  be  assured  I  would  not  write  you  a 
Syllable.  Crapton  says  he  has  a  line  from  you  in  which  you  enquire 
after  me.  I  will  not  condemn  you  unheard,  but  trust  to  Time  to  con- 
vince me  that  you  still  remember  I  am  an  Inhabitant  of  this  lower  World. 

What  in  the  Name  of  good  Luck  makes  you  export  so  many  People — 
no  less  than  24  in  Budden,  amongst  the  rest  Meinheer  Kepley  &  Hughey 
Forbes.  The  last  after  conversing  with  me  in  the  Coffee  Efouse  (the 
first  I  do  not  know)  enquired  how  my  father  did,  assuring  me  he  be- 
haved to  all  the  Passengers  with  particular  affieibility  and  good  nature. 
Budden  who  sat  by  maired  the  Joke,  by  asking  him  who  I  was — ^he  re- 
plied, A.  Allen — ^Indeed  I  fancy  I  shall  be  as  great  a  Stranger  to  most 
People  in  Philad'  on  my  Return  as  you  were. 

Morgan  still  in  Edinburgh  presents  Compliments  to  you.  He  is  near 
graduating  h  will  leave  Scotland  in  about  a  fortnight.    I  wish  you  had 


Hotes  and  Queries.  246 

been  with  me  yesterday — two  aoney  Bcot^s  Ladies,  my  Lord  Provosts 
Daughters,  did  me  the  Honor  of  taking  a  Dish  of  Tea  here.  You  see 
Robert  I  am  yisited  by  Ladies  of  better  Fashion  than  those  who  frequent 
the  Temple.  Will  you  go  to  Marybone  tonight?  The  Entertainment 
is  tolerable  &  quite  new  to  you.  On  Tuesday  night  the  Free  Masons 
with  their  Grand  Master,  (Lord  Ferrers)  were  there  at  Lowe's  Benefit. 
I  have  no  news  for  you,  save  Foote  has  brought  out  a  new  Piece  called 
the  Mayor  of  Garrett,  in  which  he  takes  off  among  others  Glover  (the 
author  of  Leonides)  a  Member  of  Parliament.  This  seemed  his  favorite 
Character,  but  he  has  been  obliged  to  drop  it.  Twas  droll  enough  and 
well  supported. 

I  beg  you  will  present  my  Compliments  to  Mr.  Charles  Thomson  A 
honest  Steel,  from  both  of  them  I  have  received  Letters,  but  cannot 
answer  them  now.  When  does  Harry  publish  the  Lower  County 
Georgies?  Or  will  not  the  Gknldess  emerge  from  the  Fens  and  Mud  to 
assist  him  in  the  arduous  Task? 

My  next  to  you,  if  you  give  me  any  encouragment  to  write,  will  be 
dated  from  Paris — ^I  am  now  on  Haste  and  only  scrawl  this  unconnected 
stuff  to  assure  you  you  are  not,  nor  can  be  forgotten  by 

Yours  Ac 

29  June  1768  S.  POWEL 

From  an  old  "sampler"  belonging  to  a  lady  of  Lewes, 
Delaware  : — 
William  Paynter,  son  of  8  and  £.  Paynter  was  bom  January  24^ 

1774. 
Jane  Jacobs,  daughter  of  A  and  E.  Jacobs  was  bom  October  20*^ 

1782. 
William  Paynter  and  Jane  Jacobs,  married  September  13^  1797. 
James  J.  Paynter,  b.  9-7-1798. 
Albert  J.  Paynter,  b-12-28-1800. 
Elizabeth  Paynter,  b-4-26-1802. 
William  Paynter,  b.  1-28-1804. 
Jane  Paynter,  b.  8-21-1806. 
Ann  Paynter,  b.  1-23-1807. 
Mary  S.  Paynter,  b.  3-21-1809. 
Sarah  M.  Paynter,  b.  3-22-1811. 
Hannah  Paynter,  departed  this  life  8-10-1813. 

Delaware  Bible  Reoordb. — ^The  following  records   have   been 
copied  from    the  Bible  belonging  to  Mrs.  Louisa  Moarshall,  Lewes, 
Delaware : 
John  Marshall  son  of  W"*  Marshall  and  Kitty  his  wife  (Catherine 

Maull)  b.  11-10-1802. 
Eliza  Rodney  West  daughter  of  William  and  Mary  West  b.  9-29- 

1806 
Burton  Marshall  son  of  John  and  Eliza  Marshall  b-5-28-1824.  at 

3P.  M 
William  Marshall  son  of  John  and  Eliza  Marshall  b.  7-5-1825,  at 

midnight 
Charles  M.  Marshall  son  of  John  and  Eliza  Marshall  b-7-14-1826. 

at  7  A.  M. 
Helen  Mar.  Marshall  daughter  of  John  and  Eliza  Marshall  b.   8- 

4-1829,  at  7  P.  M. 


246  Notes  and  Quarks. 

Elizabeth  R.  Marshall  daughter  of  John  and  Eliza  Marshall  b.  ^ 

2-1848 
George  Herbert  de  Orton  b.  9-25-1874 
Edgar  Marshall  de  Orton  b.  8-24-1877 
WiUiam  West,  father  of  Eliza  Rodney  West,  b.  10-15-1771  d.  12- 

1-1816 
Mary,  wife  of  W-  West  and  mother  of  Eliza  R.  West,  b  7-30-1776 

d  4.  28-1845 
John  Marshall  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Rodney  West,  Sept.  8^ 

1823  by  John  Finley.     Departed  this  life  3-8-1868 
William  Marshall,  the  father  of  John  Marshall,  was  bom  11-4-1774. 

d  6-21-1850,  \  past  10  P.  M. 
John  Marshall  son  of  John  Marshall  and  Eliza  Rodney  his  wife.  b. 

1-1-1831.  4  P.  M.,  Married  Lizzie  P.  Morris  1-26-1853 
Catherine  M.  MauU  wife  of  W-  Marshall  d.  11-27-1874,  aged  95 

years 
James  W.  Marshall  son  of  John  and  Eliza  Marshall  was  b-11-13- 

1832.  at  11  P.M. 
Elizabeth  Marshall  daughter  of  John  and  Eliza  Marshall  b.  8-6-1834, 

at  6  P.  M 
William  Marshall  son  of  John  and  Eliza  R.  Marshall   b.  4-26-1836 

at  12  P.  M.  d-3-2-1866 
David  A.  son  of  John  and  Eliza  R.  Marshall  b.  9-28-1838. 
Frances  Almira  Boggs  Marshall  daughter  of  John  and  Eliza  Marshall 

b  12-5-1840,  at  1  A.  M.  d.  11-15-1845 
Burton  Marshall  son  of  John  and  Eliza  R.  Marshall  d.  8-17.  aged  2 

months  and  25  days 
William  Marshall  son  of  John  and  Eliza  R.  Marshall  d.  9-5  aged  2 

months 
Elizabeth  daughter  of  John  and  Eliza  R.  Marshall  d-7-31 — aged  11 

months,  25  days 
Elizabeth  R.  de  Orton  daughter  of  John  and  Eliza  Marshall  d.  1-27- 

1880  at  6  P.  M. 
George  de  Orton  (her  husband)  d.  8-16-1880 
Eliza  Rodney  Marshall  d.  7-22-1882  in  the  76""  year  of  her  age 
Helen  Mar.  Marshall  d-11-9-1851. 

''Elizabeth  Rodney  youngest  daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  John  Mar- 
shall and  beloved  wife  of  George  de  Orton  " 

(Newspaper  cutting  pasted  in  Bible.) 

Fine  fob  Fibing  a  Cbackeb  ob  Squib  July  4,  1825. — Justice  of 
the  Peace  Eneu's  office,  was  at  200  Shippen  (now  Bainbridge)  Street. 
Commonwealth  ^ 

vs.  \     July  4th,  1825,  Personally  appeared  J.  Walker 

John  Walker.   )      and  pay'  Sixty  Seven  cents,  the  fine  for  firing  of  a 
cracker  or  Squib  on  this  day  on  the  Publick  Street. 

James  Eneu,  Jb., 

Justice  of  the  Peace. 

Battle — ^Pbice. — Copy  of  entries  in  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  which 
belonged  to  James  and  Mary  Price  of  Christiana  Mills,  New  Castle 
County,  Delaware,  and  is  now  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  William  J. 
Williams  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  deficient  in  title-page,  but  the  Psalter, 
bound  with  it,  was  "  Printed  by  J.  Barber,  for  J.  Holland,  at  the  Bible 


Notes  and  Queries.  247 

and  Ball,  and  W.  Taylor  at  the  Ship,  both  in  St.  Paurs  Church-yard, 
1707/'  The  record,  other  than  that  of  the  Battell  family  is  not 
consecutive. 

CHRI8TIAMNA  IClLU. 

Mary  Battell,  daughter  to  William  Battell  *  and  Pamellah  his  wife, 
was  bom  the  27**^  of  September,  at  eleven  o'clock  in  the  day  in  the 
year  1723. 

French  Battell  was  bom  the  16"»  day  of  July,  1725. 

Aves  Battell  was  bom  the  25"»  day  of  June,  1727. 

Sebeller  Battell  was  bom  the  6""  day  of  April,  1729. 

Elizabeth  Battell  was  born  the  30"^  August,  1780. 

In  another  hand  Mary  Price,  March  the  29***,  1752. 

♦  William  Battell  married  19  June,  1718,  PamelTrench  [Records  of 
Immanuel  Church,  New  Castle] ,  daughter  of  John  French.  The  will 
of  the  latter,  dated  22  November,  1728,  probated  12  December,  of  the 
same  year,  and  on  file  in  the  Registry  of  Wills  of  New  Castle  County, 
styled  him  ''Colonel  John  French  of  New  Castle  upon  Delaware, 
gentleman.''  In  it.  Colonel  French  named  wife  Eves,  daughters  Mary 
and  Sybilla  French,  sons-in-law  Robert  Robertson  and  Captain  William 
Battell  and  grand-children  Mary  Battell,  Avis  Battell  and  Mary  Robert- 
son, also  a  ''beloved  grand-son."  Colonel  French  was  a  familiar 
figure  in  Colonial  Pennsylvania,  serving  successively  as  Sheriff  of  New 
Castle  County,  Register  of  Wills,  Master  of  the  Court  of  Chancery, 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  a  member  of  the  Qoveraor's  Council 
at  the  time  of  his  death.  M.  A.  L. 

New  Cactlx,  December  9. 1749. 

Robert,  son  of  Mary  Mackys  was  bora  on  the  9^  of  this  inst,  about 

.  .  .  o'clock  in  the  morning. 
Mary  Price  departed  this  life  25  April,  1777. 
Ruth  Price,  daughter  of  James  Price  and  Mary  his  wife,  was  bom 

January  5**^,   1753,  about  12  o'clock  in  the  day  in  New  Castle 

Hundred. 
Ruth  Price  departed  this  Life  the  27***  Day  of  October  in  the  year 

1753,  in  the  tenth  month  of  her  age. 
Aves  Price  was  bom  on  Wednesday  at  eleven  o'clock  in  the  morning, 
,  26  March,  in  the  year  1755  in  Penn  Cader  Hundred,  New  Castle 

County. 
M.  James  Price,  April  the  22»*,  1759. 
Mary  Price  was  delivered  of  a  son  the  18*^  of  October,  1766,  which 

died  the  24"*  of  the  same  month. 
William  Price  was  bom  in  the  year  of  our  Lord,  9  April,  1761,  in 

Penn  Cader  Hundred  in  New  Castle  County. 
James  Price  departed  this  life  March  ye  25***  at  midnight,  1802. 
William  Price  Departed  this  life  March  ye  24***  about  4  o'clock  in 

the  afternoon,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord,  1803. 
Esther  Price  departed  this  Life  September  ye  16***  in  the  year  of  oar 

Lord  1773. 

Unifobms  of  ths  Officebs  and  Pbiyatbs  of  the  Continsntal 
Army  1779-1780.— 

At  the  request  of  a  correspondent,  the  following  orders  regulating  the 
uniforms  of  the  officers  and  privates  of  the  Continental  Army,  have 


248  Notes  and  Queries. 

been  copied  from  the  Orderly  Books  of  the  Gommander-in-Chief,  in  the 
poBseasion  of  the  United  States  Goyemment : 

Head  Quarters,  Moor^s  Bouse,  October  2,  1779, 

The  following  are  the  Uniforms  that  haye  been  determined  for  the 
troops  of  these  States  respectiyely  as  soon  as  the  state  of  the  public 
supplies  ever  permit  their  being  furnished 

New  Hampshire,  "j 

Massachusetts,  I  Blue  faced  with  White 

Rhode  Island,  |  Buttons  and  Lining  White. 

Connecticut.  J 

New  York,    )  Blue  faced  with  Buff, 
New  Jersey,  j  White  Lining  and  Buttons. 

Pennsylvania,  ^ 

Delaware,         i  Blue  faced  with  Red, 
Maryland,        f  Buttons  and  Lining  White. 
Virginia.         J 

xT/x^v,  r«ow>n«o  1  B^^®  ^*ced  with  Blue. 

K  SK  \^i^\  ••o'^  r^  fl  ""^H 

z^      .  '^~"""">  r  white  lace  or  tape.   Buttons  and 
^^'«'*-  J  Lining  White. 

.   ..jl  "j  Blue  faced  with  Scarlet.  Scarlet  Lining, 

f^  I  yellow  buttons,  yellow  bound  hats,  coats 

» JSi^ ,  A  «4.j4s«^—  I  edged  with  narrow  lace  or  tape  &  button 

Artillery  Artificers.  J  j^^f^  ^^^^  ^^^  ^^^  ^^ 

\  The  whole  Blue  faced 
Light  Dragoons,  l  with  AVhite — 

j  White  buttons  and  linings. 

Head  Quarters,  Short  HUls^  June  18,  1780. 

As  it  is  at  all  times  of  great  importance  both  for  the  sake  of  appear- 
ance and  for  the  r^ularity  of  service  that  the  different  military  Ranks 
should  be  distinguished  from  each  other  and  more  especially  at  present — 

The  Commander-in-Chief  has  thought  proper  to  establish  the  follow- 
ing distinctions,  and  strongly  recommends  it  to  all  the  Officers  to  en- 
deavor to  conform  to  them  as  speedily  as  possible. 

The  Major  Oeneral  to  wear  a  blue  coat  with  Buff  £Eicings  and  lining — 
yellow  buttons — ^white  or  buff  undercloaths — two  Epaulets,  with  two 
Stars  upon  each  and  a  black  and  white  Feather  in  the  Hat. 

The  Brigadier  Generals,  the  same  uniform  as  the  Major  Generals,  with 
the  difference  of  one  Star  instead  of  two,  and  a  white  feather. 

The  Colonels,  Lieutenant  Colonels  and  Majors,  the  uniforms  of  their 
regiments  and  two  Epaulettes. 

The  Captains,  the  uniforms  of  their  regiments  and  an  Epaulette  on 
the  right  shoulder. 

The  Subalterns,  the  uniform  of  their  regiment  and  an  Epaulette  on 
the  left  shoulder. 

The  Aides  de  Camp,  the  uniforms  of  their  ranks  and  Corps,  or  if  they 
belong  to  no  Corps,  of  their  General  Officer.    Those  of  tiie  Major  Gen- 


iVb^e^  and  Queries. 


249 


•ralB  and  Brigadier  Generals,  to  hare  a  green  feather  in  the  Hat.  Those 
of  the  Commander  in  Chief,  a  white  &  Green. 

The  Inspectors,  as  well  Suh  as  Brigadier — ^the  Uniforms  of  their  ranks 
and  Corps,  with  a  hlue  feather  in  the  Hat. 

The  Corps  of  Engineers  and  that  of  Sappers  and  Miners — a  hlue  coat 
with  huff  facings,  r^  lining,  huff  undercloaths  and  the  epaulettes  of  their 
respective  ranks. 

Such  of  the  Staff  as  have  military  rank  to  wear  the  uniform  of  their 
ranks  and  of  the  Corps  to  which  they  helong  in  the  line— such,  as  have 
no  military  rank  to  wear  plain  Coats  with  a  Cockade  and  Sword. 

All  officers  as  well  Warrant  as  Commissioned  to  wear  a  Cockade  and 
side  arms  either  a  sword  or  genteel  Bayonet 

Delaware  Militia  Company,  1803-1807. — Contributed  by  Rev. 
H.  B.  Turner. 

Joshua  Burton,  was  commissioned  by  Governor  James  Sykes,  of 
Delaware,  to  be  Captain  of  the  Fourth  Company,  in  the  Eighth  Regi- 
ment of  Militia,  June  25,  1801.  The  following  is  the  Muster  Roll  of 
the  Company  for  the  year  1803. 


Commisnoned 
Joshua  Burton, 
Paynter, 
Isaac  Waples, 


Sergeants, 
1**  Thomas  Burton, 
2*  James  Burton, 
3*  Thorns  Grice, 
4***  John  Lingo. 

Ist  Ciass, 
Cornelius  Burton, 
John  Lingo. 
Cannon  Prittyman, 
Arthur  Milby, 
Shaduck  Murrah. 


Sd  Class, 
William  Burton, 
Eli  Cary, 
Perry  Pool, 
Samuel  Burton, 
Woolsey  Burton, 
John  Hancock, 
Cannon  Smith. 

5th  aass 
Ebenezer  Lyons, 
David  Barker, 
Thomas  Shennor, 
Bagwell  Burton, 
Gilbert  B.  Poynters, 
Lewis  Lingo. 


Officers. 
Captain ; 
Lieutenant ; 
Ensign. 

(Corporals, 

1"^  Benjamin  Richards, 

2^  John  Burton, 

3^  James  Lingo, 

4**'  William  Hommons. 
2d  Class, 

Bagwell  Barker, 

Peter  Milby, 

Henry  Lingo, 

Jonathan  Cullin, 

Joseph  Milby, 

Peter  Marriner, 

Joseph  Waples. 

Mh  Class. 

Isaiah  Burton, 

William  Clark, 

John  Jones, 

John  Stockley, 

John  Burton, 

John  Cade. 

6th  Class. 
Robert  Marriner, 
Epraim  Gorden, 
Joseph  Fisher, 
Jonathan  Bell, 
Henry  Massey, 
Kindle  Batson, 
James  Hancock. 


250 


Notes  and  Queries. 


7th  Class. 

Benjamiu  Burton, 
Isaac  Waples, 
William  Wolfe, 
Jacob  Richards, 
William  Bagwell, 
James  Fossett, 
Isaac  Burton, 
Valentine  Pride. 


8th  Class. 

William  Morgan, 
Thomas  Poynter, 
Robert  Burton, 
Luke  Warrington, 
William  Harp. 


A  Roll  of  the  Commissioned,  non  commiBsioned  officers  and  priyate 
men  in  the  4th  Company  of  Militia  of  the  8th*  Regiment  in  Sussex 
County,  in  the  State  of  Delaware,  between  the  age  of  Eighteen  and 
Forty-five  years. 

Commissioned  Officers, 

Captain,       Joshua  Barton,  com.  14  Oct.  1807. 
Lieutenant,  Paynter  Frame,  **  " 

E^ign,        James  Burton,  **  ** 


Sergeants.  Corporals. 

37  years.  William  Lingo,  82  years. 

44      **  Robert  Marriner,  30      *' 

44      **  David  Hazzard,  34      '* 

41      '*  Bagwell  Burton,  27      '* 

Bank  and  File. 


Thomas  Burton, 
Isaiah  Burton, 
Jacob  Richards, 
Horatio  Collins, 

William  Bagwell,  30  years. 

Samuel  Burton,  28  '' 

Cornelius  Burton,  33  ** 

Robert  Thomson,  22  '' 

Kendal  Batson,  38  <' 

Lewis  Milby,  37  ** 

Burton  Warrington,  25  ** 

James  Warrin^n,  22  ** 

Thomas  Reynolds,  32  " 

John  Burton,  30  '* 

David  Barker,  30  ** 

George  Robinson,  38  *  * 

Benjamin  Burton,  20  '' 

John  Burton,  27  '* 

James  Burton,  24  *' 

Thomas  Sheppard,  23  '' 

Bagwell  Barker,  41  *' 

Lewis  Butcher,  25  " 

James  Hancock,  31  ** 

Henry  Lingo,  20  ** 

Morris  Abdel,  22  *' 

Isaiah  Cleft,  80  '' 

Joshua  Cary,  18  *' 

Noah  Reynolds,  18  ** 

James  Johnson,  23  '' 

Isaac  Prittyman,  29  " 


James  Collins,  20  years. 

Aytchless  Lingo,  21 

Perry  Pool,  88 

Kendal  Stevenson,  85 

Richard  Roach,  33 

James  Mumford,   ^  86 

Benj  Richards,  40 

William  Burton,  32 

Woolsey  Waples,  38 

Eli  Cary,  38 

Cannon  Prittyman,  35 

Henry  Lingo,  27 

Wm  Blizzard,  30 

Peter  Waples,  40 

James  Davidson,  28 

Zadock  Evans,  85 

Joseph  Barker,  19 

Wm  Brerecton,  20 

Elijah  Warrington,  19 

James  Lingo,  29 

Hopkins  Parsons,  27 

William  Reynolds,  22 

Samuel  Coffin,  22 

John  Roach,  28 

Jehu  Barker,  30 

William  Barker,  26 

Isaac  Lane,  88 


Notes  and  Queries.  251 

dtuetied* 

Mountain  Family: — "J.  Mountain,  from  New  Jeraey— English, 
about  1554.  Children  were :  Joseph,  John,  Richard,  Martha;  also 
half-brother,  Greorge  Qrinup.  Joseph  Mountain  married  Miss  £.  Drake; 
one  child,  Joanna.  Martha  Mountain  married  Captain  James  McPike," 
{f  circa  1789).  Extract  from  original  manuscript  dictated  by  the  late 
Judge  John  Mountain  McPike  (1795-1876),  which  is  now  preserved  in 
the  Museum  of  The  Newberry  Library,  Chicago ;  case  No.  II.  81.2 ; 
catalogue  No.  89080. 

The  same  manuscript  gives  the  names  of  the  ten  children  of  James 
McPike  and  Martha  Mountain,  his  wife,  in  the  order  following: — 
Joseph,  Richard,  Elizabeth,  Nancy,  Sarah,  John,  Haley,  George, 
Martha,  James.  Other  reliable  evidence  shows  that  the  full  name  of 
the  third  son  was  John  Mountain  McPike ;  hence  it  is  safe  to  infer  that 
he  was  named  after  his  maternal  grandfather,  described  above  as  "J. 
Mountain,''  though  it  is  possible  that  he  was,  instead,  (and  like  his 
brothers  Joseph  and  Richard)  named  after  a  maternal  uncle.  Be  this 
as  it  may,  these  facts  seem  to  assign  the  given  name  James  to  the  Mc- 
Pike family  as  such.  The  name  of  James  McPike's  &ther  is  unknown ; 
perhaps,  it,  also,  was  James.  He  is  said  to  have  been  a  linen-merchant, 
presumably  in  Edinburgh  or  London.  Can  any  reader  confirm  marriage 
of  T.  James  McPike  (Pike  or  Pyke)  to  Martha  Mountain,  about  1789, 
in  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania  or  Maryland? 

The  date  1554  above  given,  is  obviously  wrong :  the  year  1654  might 
be  more  nearly  correct  as  representing,  approximately,  the  period  of 
emigration  of  one  Mountain  frx>m  England  to  New  Jersey. 

Eugene  F  MgPikb. 

1  Park  Bow, 

Chicago,  niinoii. 

Rev.  Samuel  Kennedy. — ^I  shall  be  thankful  for  information  of  the 
parentage  and  descent  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Kennedy,  an  eminent  Presby- 
terian Minister  who  came  from  Scotland  to  America  before  1751  and 
had  a  church  at  Basking  Ridge,  New  Jersey,  where  he  died  in  1786. 

There  is  a  brief  account  of  him  in  the  Cyclopedia  of  American  Bi- 
ography, but  it  does  not  mention  his  father. 

Wm.  Hand  Bbowne. 
Johns  Hopkins  Unitkbsitt. 

JSooft  Vlotice0* 

The  Histobt  of  Nathaniel  Evans,  of  Cat  Fish  Cbbek,  and  Hib 
Descendants.    By  James  D.  Evans.  8vo,  pp.  104.    Illustrated. 

This  history,  interesting  not  only  to  the  Evans  and  allied  fiunilies,  but 
to  all  of  the  descendants  of  the  Welc^  settlers  of  the  Great  Pedee  Valley 
in  South  Carolina,  contains  the  first  authentic  record  of  their  £Eunilies 
from  the  earliest  knowledge  we  have  of  them  down  to  the  present  time. 
It  also  gives  the  names  of  the  emigrants  and  the  places  in  Wales  from 
whence  they  came,  their  first  settlements  in  Pennsylvania  and  their  re- 
moval to  the  *'  Welsh  Tracts,"  South  Carolina. 

The  history  contains,  besides  these  records,  many  other  original  docu- 
ments of  great  interest,  and  in  addition  to  the  full  and  exhaustive  history 
of  the  Evans  family,  includes  full  genealogies  of  the  collateral  fruniliet 
of  Daniel  of  Virginia,  North  and  South  Carolina,  Durham  of  North  and 


252  Notes  and  Queries. 

South  Carolina,  €rary,  Godbold,  Gregg,  McCollum  and  Powell  of  Vir- 
^nia ;  comprehenBiye  references,  in  foot  notes,  are  given  of  the  following 
families  :  Applewhite,  Baker,  Berry,  Bethea,  Blue,  Braddy,  Christian 
(of  Va.),  Davis,  Dixon,  Ellerbe,  Fladger,  Foxworth,  Gause,  Harrison 
(of  Va.),  Haseldon,  Jordan,  Lawson  (of  Ga.),  Lee  (of  Va.),  Leggett, 
McEachem,  Merchant  (of  Pa.),  Miles,  Orr  (of  Va.),  Peyton  (of  Va.), 
Power,  Riely  ^of  Va.) ,  Rogers,  Singletary,  Stevenson,  Stinson,  Weed 
(of  Conn.),  Witherspoon,  Woodberry,  Woodson  (of  Va.). 

There  are  fifteen  full  page  photogravures  on  parchment  vellum  paper, 
in  brown  tints,  of  old  family  portraits,  and  eight  cuts  of  coats  of  arms 
of  various  families.  Only  one  hundred  copies  have  been  published  for 
private  distribution.  The  price  is  six  dollars,  post-paid.  Address  the 
compiler  at  119  South  Fourth  Street,  Philadelphia. 

Maryland  Historical  Magazine.     Published  by  the  Maryland  His- 
torical Society.     Issued  quarterly,  at  $3  per  annum  to  subscribers,  at 
the  Athenaeum  Building,  Baltimore. 
We  have  received  the  first  number  (March)  of  this  new  quarterly  of 
history,  published  by  the  Maryland  Historical  Society,  and  tender  our 
congratulations  on  its  attractive  appearance,  and  best  wishes  for  its 
prosperity.     The  Society  and  the  State,  has  a  rich  collection  of  historical 
documents,  which,  through  the  medium  of  the  Magazine,  will  be  made 
accessible  to  students,  and  the  early  Colonial  history  of  Maryland  is  so 
closely  connected  with  that  of  Pennsylvania,  that  we  may  expect  the 
publication  of  much  valuable  material.     Orescite  et  multiplicamini  / 

Pike  Family  : — A  collection  of  notes  from  English  archives,  relat- 
ing to  the  Pike  family,  is  now  being  formed,  with  the  assistance  of  an 
experienced  and  reliable  record-searcher  in  London,  England.  The 
latter  has  already  supplied  several  interesting  notes  on  this  subject.  The 
material  of  course  consists  of  unpublished  data  obtained  from  the  Public 
Becord  Office,  British  Museum,  etc.  These  original  gleanings  will  be 
of  considerable  interest  to  many  other  fJEunilies,  and  will  probably  be 
published.     For  particulars,  address 

Eugene  E.  McPike, 
1  Park  Row,  Chicago,  HI. 

Publications  of  the  Genealogical  Society  of  Pennsylvania, 
Vol.  in.  No.  1.     Philadelphia,  1906.     8vo,  pp.  104. 

The  publications  of  this  Society  have  always  received  the  general 
approbation  of  its  members,  and  the  first  number  of  the  new  volume 
will  amply  satisfy  anticipations.  The  principal  contributions  are  a 
memoir  of  Charles  Swifl  Biche  Hildebum,  first  president  of  the  Society, 
by  Josiah  Granville  Leach  ;  Some  Genealogical  Obstacles  Considered,  by 
John  F.  Lewis ;  a  continuation  of  Abstract  of  Wills  at  Philadelphia, 
October  1697  to  January  1700  ;  and  Memoranda  from  the  Diary  of  John 
Dyer  of  Plumstead,  Bucks  County,  Penna.,  1763-1805. 

From  the  Reports  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  we  find  that  the  follow- 
ing records  have  been  copied  and  added  to  the  collection  ot  the  Society. 
Minutes  of  Middletown,  Bucks  Co.  M.  M.,  1755-1800  ;  Abstracts  Phila- 
delphia Wills,  1828-1825  ;  Marriages  and  Obituary  notices  in  Poulson's 
Advertiser,  1826-1 880;  Records  of  First  Reformed  Church,  Philadelphia, 
(presented  by  John  F.  Lewis) ;  Index  to  Exeter  M.  M.  (presented  by 


Notes  and  Queries.  253 

W.  M.  Mervine) ;  Eecords  Darby  M.  M.  (preeented  by  Morgan  Bunt- 
ing) ;  Register  of  St.  Paul's  P.  E.  Church,  Chester,  1704-1903 ;  Bur- 
lington and  Mount  Holly,  N.  J.  M.  M.  Records,  1678-1872 ;  Index  to 
Minutes  Burlington  M.  M.,  1720-1803  ;  Abstracts  of  Minutes  London- 
grove  M.  M„  1792-1867  ;  Abstracts  of  Minutes  Gwynedd  M.  M.  1714- 
1801  ;  Records  of  St.  John's  Church,  Concord;  Records  of  St.  Martin's 
Church,  Marcus  Hook  ;  and  in  course  of  preparation.  Book  of  Records 
of  Sussex  County,  Delaware,  1683-1696 ;  Abstracts  of  Wills,  Cumber- 
land Co.,  Penna.  (copied  to  1801);  Records  of  Reformed  Church, 
Falkner  Swamp  ;  Records  of  Presbyterian  Church,  Lewes,  Cool  Spring, 
Rehoboth  and  Indian  River,  Del. ,  and  Christ  P.  E.  Church,  Philadel- 
phia, complete  Records  with  index. 

Proceedings  and  Collections  of  the  Wyoming  Historical  and 
Geological  Society.    Vol.  IX.    WilkesBarre,  Pa.  1906.     8to, 
pp.  294.     Price  $3. 
The  present  volume  of  this  well  established  and  active  Society,  differs 
from  previous  issues  in  the  large  amount  of  Ethnological  matter  it  con- 
tains, and  the  illustrations  are  numerous.    Its  collections  in  this  depart- 
ment are  rich  in  fine  and  rare  local  specimens  of  the  aboriginal  art,  and 
deserve  the  prominence  given.    Pioneer  Physicians  of  Wyoming  Valley, 
1771-1826,  by  Dr.  F.  C.  Johnson  ;  The  Early  Bibliography  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, by  Hon.  S.  W.  Pennypacker ;  and  The  Expedition  of  Col.  Thomas 
Hartley  against  the  Indians  in  1778,  to  avenge  the  Massacre  of  Wyom- 
ing, by  Rev.  David  Craft,  are  among  the  historical  contributions  to  the 
volume.     A  £EU»imile  of  the  Zebulon  Butler  tablet,  placed  on  the  front 
wall  of  the  Society's  building,  forms  the  frontispiece. 

The  Tbue  Andrew  Jackson.  By  Cyrus  Townsend  Brady.  Phila- 
delphia: J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  1906.  8vo,  pp.  604.  Illus- 
trated. $2.00  net. 
Of  the  half  dozen  great  Americans  whose  names  have  added  lustre  to 
The  True  Biographies  Series^  none  made  history  more  rapidly  or  so  spec- 
tacularly as  the  hero  of  the  present  volume.  Mr.  Brady  has  been 
studying  the  career  of  our  seventh  President  for  many  years,  scarcely 
leaving  a  volume  unopened,  or  a  sketch  unread,  that  could  throw  light 
upon  Ms  many-sided  personality  and  the  many  contradict^iry  estimates  of 
it.  The  work  therefore,  is  a  notable  gathering  of  evidence  in  the  way 
of  opinions  and  anecdotes,  traced  back  to  authentic  sources,  offering 
conclusive  proof  of  every  point  the  author  desires  to  sustain.  An  ex- 
tended chronology  of  Jackson's  life  is  prefixed  to  the  volume,  which  the 
reader  will  find  of  great  value,  and  an  appendix  embraces  papers  of  his- 
torical importance  mentioned  in  the  text.  The  illustrations  are  numer- 
ous and  comprise  portraits,  facsimiles  of  letters  and  appropriate  views. 

Genealogical  Reseabch  in  England,  Scotland  and  Ireland. 

A  Handbook  fob  the  Student.    By  J.  Henry  Lea.    Boston, 

Mass.  1906.  pp.  112. 
A  very  large  and  constantly  increasing  number  of  persons,  both  in 
America  and  Great  Britain,  are  beginning  to  take  a  deep  interest  in 
genealogy,  and  are  no  longer  disposed  to  rest  content  with  the  names  of 
their  grandparents  or  remain  in  ignorance  of  their  origin.  To  America 
must  be  given  the  credit  for  the  inception  of  this  movement,  and  the 


254  Notes  and  Queries. 

rapid  growth  in  recent  yean  of  patriotic  societies  (whose  first  require- 
ments for  admission,  is  a  pedigree  as  clearly  proved  as  the  College  of 
Arms  would  exact),  has  given  a  great  impetus  to  the  study  of  the  past. 
This  handbook  is  the  result  of  twenty  years'  experience  in  genealogical 
research  in  Great  Britain,  and  treats  of  the  English  counties  and  their 
Probate  jurisdictions  ;  Will  Registers,  Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury, 
chronological  and  alphabetical ;  Will  B^^isters,  Consistory  and  Commis- 
sary Courts  of  London;  Marriage  Licenses;  Chancery  Proceedings, 
Herald's  Visitations  and  Probate  and  Diocesan  Begistries  in  England. 
In  Scotland,  the  Commissariot  Courts ;  Scotch  Shires  and  their  Com- 
missariot  jurisdictions  ;  Irish  counties  and  their  Diocesan  jurisdictions, 
Will  Indices  and  Admon  Indices  at  Dublin.  As  the  early  Welsh  records 
are  written  in  the  vernacular,  the  services  of  some  native  antiquary  are 
necessary.  The  work  will  prove  most  helpful  to  any  person  contem- 
plating genealogical  investigation  in  Great  Britain,  and  Mr.  Lea  advises 
the  inexperienced  to  first  devote  a  few  months'  careful  study  of  the 
ancient  handwritings,  particularly  those  of  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth 
centuries,  and  some  knowledge  of  Latin  is  requisite,  as  a  large  propor- 
tion of  the  records  are  written  in  that  language. 

A  HierroRY  of  the  United  States  and  Its  People  from  Their 
Earliest  Records  to  the  Present  Time.    By  EIroy  McKen- 
dree  Avery,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.     Vol.   IL     The  Burrows  Publishing 
Company,  Cleveland. 
This  magnificent  historical  work,  the  publishers  announce,  will  be 
extended  from  twelve  to  fifteen  volumes,  which  the  final  revisionary 
writing  and  the  material  to  be  used  has  made  necessary.     The  second 
volume,  of  which  we  can  give  only  a  preliminary  notice  now,  is  a  hand- 
some book,  and  too  much  cannot  be  said  in  praise  of  the  artistic  excel- 
lence of  the  illustrations,  and  the  maps  also,  are  uncommon  and  excep- 
tionally useful.    By  gradual  stages  the  work  is  unfolding  itself,  and  it  is 
not  probable  that  another  of  this  magnitude  will  again  be  undertaken  for 
a  long  series  of  years. 

A  Memoir  of  Dr.  James  Jackson  with  Sketches  of  His  Father 
Hon.  Jonathan  Jackson,  and  His  Brothers  Robert,  Henrt, 
Charles  and  Patrick  Tracy  Jackson  ;  and  Some  Account 
of  their  Ancestry.     By  James  Jackson  Putnam,  M.D.,  Hough- 
ton, Mifflin  &  Co.,  Boston.     1805.    8vo,  pp.  456.     Dlustrated. 
Price  $2.50. 
The  ancestors  of  the  subject  of  this  memoir  were  originally  an  English 
fiunily,  and  representatives  of  the  branch  from  which  he  descended. 
Christopher  Jackson  and  Susan  Johnson  his  wife,  of  London,  had  two 
sons,  John  and  Edward,  who  came  to  this  country,  the  former  in  1685, 
and  the  latter  in   1648,   and  settled  in  Cambridge,    Massachusetts. 
Edward  was  the  paternal  grandfiather  of  Dr.  James  Jackson. 

The  early  chapters  of  the  work  are  devoted  to  the  ancestry  of  the 
family  and  sketches  of  Jonathan  Jackson,  the  Tracy  and  Lowell  £Eunilies, 
and  Bobert,  Henry,  Charles  and  Patrick  Tracy  Jackson.  Dr.  James 
Jackson,  a  son  of  Jonathan  Jackson  and  Mary  Tracy,  was  bom  October 
8,  1771,  and  died  August  27,  1867.  After  graduating  from  Harvard  in 
1797,  he  began  to  read  medicine,  and  two  years  later  sailed  for  England 
to  complete  his  studies.     Returning  to  Boston  in  1800,  he  be^in  to 


Notes  and  Queries.  255 

practice  his  profenuon  for  the  enBuing  sixty hbix  yean.  The  facts  of  his 
career  are  given  definitely  and  authoritatiyely,  and  much  correspondence 
and  incidents  of  interest  are  related  in  connection  with  his  long  and 
distinguished  professional  life.  He  was  at  once  a  great  physician  and  a 
man  of  affairs,  whose  abilities,  character  and  charms  gained  for  him  the 
friendship  and  intimate  confidence  of  the  leading  men  of  the  day.  Dr. 
Jackson's  medical  writings  are  marked  by  soundness  of  judgment, 
accuracy  in  observation,  fine  discrimination,  sympathetic  insight  into 
human  nature  and  clearness  of  literary  style.  The  print,  paper,  illus- 
trations and  general  style  of  the  work,  leave  nothing  to  be  desired. 

The  Sevan  and  Naisbt  Libbart,  Birmingham,  England.  Charles 
Dickinson  Sturge  contributes  a  sketch  of  the  Bevan  and  Naisby  Library 
at  Birmingham,  England,  in  The  Journal  of  the  Friends'  Historical  So- 
ciety of  July,  1905,  from  which  we  quote  the  following  :  One  of  these 
[volumes]  is  probably  unique  :  it  is  a  Primmer,  edited  by  F.  D.  Pas- 
torius,  having  William  Penn's  book  plate  inside  the  cover,  and  on  the 
first  pages  a  written  address : — ^To  William  Penn,  the  Father  of  this 
Province,  and  lately  also  the  Father  of  John  Penn,  an  innocent  and 
hopefiil  babe : 

Since  Children  are  the  Lord's  Rewards, 

Who  get  them  may  rejoice ; 
Nay,  Neighbors,  upon  this  regard, 
May  make  a  gladsome  noise. 

Therefore,  us  thinks  we  dwell  so  near. 

Dear  Governor,  to  thy  gate, 
That  thou  mayst  lend  an  Ear  to  hear 

What  Babes  congratulate. 

God  bless  the  Child  (we  young  ones  cry,) 

And  add  firom  time  to  time 
To  William  Penn's  Posterity 

The  like  I     Here  end  our  Rime. 

But  fervent  prayers  will  not  end 

Of  honest  men  for  Thee, 
And  for  thy  happy  Government, 

With  whom  we  all  agree. 

FhUidelphlA  the  29th  day 
of  the  XI  month. 
Anno  1609/1700. 

Zechary  Whitpainb. 
Israel  Pembebton. 

ROBEBT  FBANCIS. 

John  White. 
Samuel  Cabpenteb. 
Henby  Pastobius. 
For  themselves  and  on  hehalf 
of  their  schoolfellows. 

Thb  Lindsay  Family  Association  of  Ambbiga.—- The  second 
annual  report  of  this  Association  has  been  received.  The  Department 
of  the  Historian,  which  comprises  notes,  queries,  and  answers,  is  fiill  of 
interesting  data,  and  the  request  is  made  for  more  items  concerning  the 


256  Notes  and  Queries. 

Lindsays  of  the  Counties  of  Philadelphia,  Chester,  Cumberland,  Blair, 
Indiana,  Allegheny,  Berks  and  Franklin.  The  Secretary  of  the  Associa- 
tion is  Mrs.  Margaret  Lindsay  Atkinson,  59  Waldeck  Street,  Dor- 
chester, Mass. 

Newport  Oub  Social  Capital.  By  Mrs.  John  King  Van  Rensselaer, 
Philadelphia,  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.,  1905.  folio  pp  402. 
It  is  more  usual  in  notices  of  fine  works  of  this  description,  to  reserve 
any  remarks  on  their  style  and  illustrations  for  a  concluding  paragraph, 
but  this  handsomely  printed  and  admirably  illustrated  volume,  deserves 
early  recognition  of  the  frontispiece  in  color  by  Hutt,  and  the  photo- 
frames  and  doubletones,  and  drawings  of  Edward  S.  Holloway.  The 
gathering  of  the  wealth  of  historical  data,  on  which  time,  care  and  in- 
telligence have  been  spent  without  stint,  leaves  nothing  to  be  desired, 
and  the  work  is  one  that  rightly  will  be  held  in  great  value. 

The  Twining  Family,  Dbbcendants  of  William  Twining,  Sr. 
OF    EASTHAM,    MASaACHUSETTS,    WHERE   He    Died    1659.     By 
Thomas   Jefferson    Twining,  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  1905.     8vo. 
pp.  167.     Illustrated. 
In  this  volume  both  author  and  publisher  have  given  us  of  their 
best.     Fifteen  years  ago  the  first  edition  appeared,  but  Mr.  Twining 
continued  his  researches,  and  in  this  revised  edition  has  brought  together 
much  new  and  important  data  firom  a  variety  of  sources.     The  greatest 
care  has  been  taken  to  give  a  complete  genealogical  account  of  each 
fiimily,  from  the  earliest  time  at  which  authoritative  records  of  them  oc- 
cur, and  the  notes  of  the  English,  Welsh  and  Nova  Scotia  families  of  the 
name  are  interesting.     There  is  much  data  relating  to  the  Pennsylvania 
branch  of  the  family,  which  in  1695,  settled  in  Bucks  county,  probably 
the  leading  centre  of  it  in  the  country.     The  illustrations  are  numerous 
and  a  comprehensive  index  will  aid  the  investigator. 

Tub   Pedigbee   of   William    Griffith,    John   Geiffith  and 
Griffith  Griffiths  (sons  of  Griffith  John,  of  the  Parish 
OF  Llanddewi  Brefi,  in  the  County  of  Cardigan,  South 
Wales,  Great  Britain),  Who  Bbmoyed  to  the  County  of 
Chester,  Pennsylvania;  in  the  Early  Part  of  the  XVin 
Century,  compiled  by  Thomas  Allen  Glenn,  Philadelphia,  1905. 
8vo,  pp.  85.     100  copies.    Privately  Printed. 
In  the  compilation  of  this  pedigree,  the  wills,  administrations  and 
inventories  at  the  Probate  Begistry  for  Carmarthen  ;  the  Bolls  of  the 
Feet  of   Fines   for   Cardiganshire,  fi:t)m  Edward  VI  to  George  III ; 
parish  registers  and  Exchequer  Bolls  from  Edward  I  to  George  III  were 
searched.     The  Subsidy  Bolls  and  Hearth  Tax  Bolls  of  Cardiganshire 
from  Henry  VU  and  Elizabeth  to  George  III ;  the  Visitations,  bills  at 
the    prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury,  MSS  at  Aberystwith  College, 
private  Welsh  pedigrees ;  the  records  at  the  Diocesan  Begistry,  Inquisi- 
tions Post  Mortem  and  a  great  many  other  archives  were  examined  in 
the  course  of  investigation.     The  volume  is  a  beautiful  specimen  of 
good  printing  and  book-making. 


/ 


RESIDENCE    OF    ST.  JOHN   DE    CREYECOEUR 
NEAR   CORNWALiL,  N-Y.  1778 


\u  ■ 


THE 

PENNSYLVANIA    MAGAZINE 

OF 

HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 

Vol.  XXX.  1906.  No.  3. 

THE    "AMEBIC AN    PARMEE"   ST.  JOHN    DE   CRilVE. 
CCEUR  AND  HIS  FAMOUS  "LETTERS"  (1735-1813). 

BT   F.  B.ySANBORN   OF   CONCORD,  MASS. 

A  century  and  a  quarter  ago  there  began  to  be  celebrated 
in  England  and  France  an  adventurous  Norman,  calling 
himself  an  Englishman,  by  birth,  and  further  claiming 
attention  on  the  ground  that  he  was  an  American  Farmer, 
describing  the  character,  condition,  pleasures  and  hardships 
of  his  class  in  the  Colonies,  fast  becoming  independent 
republics,  from  Canada  to  Florida,  and  from  the  Atlantic 
find  the  Hudson  to  the  Ohio.  He  wrote  enthusiastically  of 
Pennsylvania  and  its  Quakers,  of  the  Indian  tribes,  in  which 
he  professed  to  be  an  adoptive  member,  and  he  described 
the  scenery  and  manners  of  the  colonists  before  Chastellux, 
Brissot  and  Chateaubriand  travelled  among  them.  He 
wrote  in  English,  translated  his  letters  into  French,  and 
allowed  them  to  be  translated  into  Dutch  and  German ;  and 
in  these  various  languages  his  books  went  the  tour  of  Eu- 
rope and  were  read  in  royal  courts,  in  humble  homes,  and 
in  the  libraries  of  scholars.  From  an  incident  in  one  of  his 
volumes,  Kotzebue,  the  unwearied  playwright  of  Germany, 
borrowed  the  plot  of  his  "  Quaker  "  (describing  with  poetic 
-exaggeration  the  £&mily  history  of  Warner  Mifflin),  lately 
VOL.  XXX. — 17  (257) 


268      The  ^^ American  Farmer"  St.  John  De  Orhecceur. 

translated  for  the  Pennsylvania  Magazine.  The  Elector  of 
Bavaria,  who  made  himself  king,  Maximilian  of  Zwei- 
briicken,  told  St  John,  when  he  went  to  reside  in  Bavaria 
in  1806,  that  he  had  learned  much  from  the  American  Let- 
ters, as  did  thousands  of  others.  Yet  so  little  was  this  once 
fiunous  Frenchman  known  when  Professor  Wendell  of 
Harvard  wrote  his  "  History  of  American  Literature,"  that 
the  historian  did  not  know  the  date  of  his  birth,  the  partic- 
ulars of  his  career,  or  the  titles  of  his  French  books,  and 
could  only  quote  from  a  poor  English  edition  of  less  than  a 
quarter  part  of  his  writings.  I  have  therefore  thought  it 
well  to  devote  some  research  to  a  man  and  a  subject  which 
I  find  interesting,  and  have  made  the  man  and  his  copious 
French  biography,  ("  Saint  John  de  Crfevecoeur,  sa  Vie  et 
ses  Ouvrages")  somewhat  better  known,  I  trust,  in  this 
land  of  his  affections. 

Li  the  mingling  of  nationalities  which,  from  the  early 
part  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,  went  to  make  up  the  popu- 
lation of  what  is  now  the  United  States,  Frenchmen  had 
little  part  until  the  annexation  of  Louisiana  a  century  later. 
A  few  small  colonies  of  French  Protestants,  fleeing  from  the 
insensate  persecution  of  that  least  Christian  king,  Louis 
XIV,  planted  themselves  in  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island, 
New  York  and  South  Carolina,  and  brought  to  our  colonies 
the  distinguished  names  of  Baudouin,  Faneuil,  Jay,  Fre- 
neau,  De  Lancey,  Huger,  Sigourney,  and  others.  A  few  in 
Delaware  and  Pennsylvania  gave  lustre  by  their  virtues  to 
the  names  of  Benezet,  Boudinot,  Dupont  and  Duponceau. 
But  it  was  not  until  the  period  of  the  French  Revolution 
and  the  acquisition  of  Louisiana  that  Protestant  America 
became  attractive  to  the  French  Catholics,  who  in  their 
turn  had  to  flee  their  country,  and  seek  shelter  under  the 
flag  of  Washington.  The  Orleans  princes,  the  diplomatist 
Talleyrand,  and  twenty  years  later  the  Bonapartes,  Murats 
and  Moreaus,  came  hither  for  temporary  residence,  or  as 
explorers  of  our  new  Republic.  Chateaubriand,  Brissot  de 
Warville,  and  other  French  tourists  came  and  went, — some 


The  ^^ American  Farmer"  St.  John  De  Orhecoswr.     259 

returning  to  prosperity  and  fame,  others  to  the  guillotine. 
Lafayette,  the  most  distinguished  of  all,  survived  to  visit  in 
1824  the  republic  he  had  aided  in  defending,  and  to  direct 
in  France  the  Revolution  of  July,  1830. 

But  there  was  one  Frenchman  who  came  and  went  among 
us,  travelled  and  resided  here  long  before  our  Revolution  or 
that  in  France,  in  both  of  which  he  suffered  hardship; 
whose  early  history  is  mysterious,  and  who  became  dis- 
tinguished as  an  American  author  under  conditions  so 
peculiar,  and  so  little  known  to  the  mass  of  his  readers,  as 
to  make  his  career  no  less  interesting  than  most  novels. 
This  was  St.  John  de  Crfevecceur,  who  called  himself  for 
years  "  Hector  St.  John,"  and  perhaps  is  better  known  to- 
day under  that  assumed  name  than  by  his  own  baptismal 
one,  which  circumstances  led  him  to  renounce  and  resume. 
It  was  for  him  that  the  Vermont  town  of  St.  Johnsbury  was 
named ;  yet  till  a  year  or  two  ago,  even  the  learned  men  of 
that  town  did  not  know  his  story,  and  had  not  his  books  in 
their  great  library. 

There  is  an  ancient  city  in  Normandy,  Caen,  the  capital 
of  William  the  Norman  before  he  conquered  England,  and 
itself  conquered  by  Edward  IH  at  the  time  of  the  battle  of 
Crecy ;  now  a  fine  architectural  town  of  some  50,000  peo- 
ple. There,  in  the  17th  and  18th  centuries,  an  old  Norman 
family,  St.  John, — kindred,  no  doubt,  to  the  English  family 
of  the  same  name,  from  which  descended  Bolingbroke  the 
English  statesman,  and  Emerson,  the  American  sage,  had 
exchanged  the  profession  of  arms  for  civil  employments,  and 
had  settled  down  in  the  local  magistracy.  One  of  them, 
early  in  the  18th  century,  had  purchased  a  small  fief  not  far 
outside  the  city,  and  from  its  title  added  the  name  of  Crfeve- 
ccBur  to  his  fiamily  name,  and  by  courtesy  had  the  rank  of 
Marquis.  His  oldest  son,  Michael  Guillaume  St.  Jean  de 
CrfeveccBur,  bom  at  Caen,  January  31,  1736,  and  early 
taught  in  the  Jesuit  College  of  the  city,  is  the  subject  of  my 
story,  and  also  of  adventures  singularly  varied,  even  for  a 
Frenchman  in  the  epoch  of  the  great  Revolution.     He 


260      The  ^^ American  Farmer*'  St.  John  De  Orhecceur. 

learned  Latin  of  the  Jesuits  in  their  comfortless  high  school 
on  the  Hill  (du  Mont),  and  used  to  tell  his  children  that  he 
made  out  the  North  Star,  which  afterwards  guided  him 
through  the  Canadian  forests,  by  seeing  it  shining  into  his 
chamber,  as  he  lay  there  in  winter  nights,  sleepless  with 
cold.  His  uncle,  Jacques  de  Cr^vecoeur,  had  a  sister-in-law 
married  in  England,  near  Salisbury  Cathedral,  and  to  her  he 
was  sent  as  a  schoolboy,  in  some  escapade  or  family  emer- 
gency quite  unknown ;  and  he  completed  his  education,  such 
as  it  was,  in  England.  This  gave  him  a  competent  knowl- 
edge of  English  and  mathematics,  and  qualified  him  for  a 
land-surveyor,  an  occupation  which  he  followed,  like  Gteorge 
Washington,  in  the  American  Colonies,  as  early  as  1762. 
But  he  made  his  first  appearance  on  our  side  of  the  ocean 
about  1755,  as  an  engineer  in  Quebec,  and  a  French  officer 
in  the  war  of  1754-63,  between  the  Colonies  and  Canada. 
Nobody  knows  how  he  happened  to  come  over,  or  how  he 
left  Canada ;  but  after  assisting  in  one  or  two  of  Montcalm's 
campaigns,  in  which  Polsom  of  Exeter,  and  Stark  of  Man- 
chester, distinguished  themselves,  St.  John  disappears  from 
Canada,  and  is  next  seen  among  the  Pennsylvania  Quakers 
at  Shippensburg,  near  Carlisle.  He  always  retained  a  re- 
gard for  these  Quakers,  and  has  preserved  striking  anecdotes 
about  them,  whether  in  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland 
or  Nantucket.  He  took  up  a  farm,  in  New  Jersey  or  New 
York,  about  1764,  and  in  that  year,  before  he  was  30,  he 
became  naturalized  as  a  citizen  of  the  Province  of  New 
York.  In  1769  he  was  married  at  Westchester,  N.  Y.,  to 
Mehitable  Tippet,  a  young  woman  of  Huguenot  descent, 
and  the  ceremony  was  performed  by  Pastor  Tetard,  a  Hugue- 
not, settled  over  the  French  church  in  New  York  city.  In 
1770,  he  established  himself  with  his  wife  on  a  £&rm  near 
Cornwall,  in  Orange  County,  N.  Y. ;  and  there  his  daughter 
Fanny,  afterward  the  Countess  Otto,  was  bom  in  that  year. 
He  called  his  place  "  Pine  Hill  Farm,"  built  a  comfortable 
house  there,  to  replace  his  original  log-cabin,  and  in  1778 
drew  a  picture  of  it.     It  shows  St.  John  and  his  wife  sitting 


The  ^^ American  Farmer''  St.  John  De  Orheccsur.     261 

in  the  shade  of  maples,  at  some  distance  from  the  farm- 
house ;  whUe  a  negro  with  a  pair  of  horses  is  plowing  near 
by,  and  his  youngest  son,  then  four  years  old,  is  enjoying  a 
ride  in  a  sort  of  chfdr  fixed  to  the  beam  of  the  plow.  This 
boy,  Louis  by  name,  when  an  officer  in  ISTapoleon^s  cam- 
paign in  Russia,  (where  he  nearly  died  of  cold  and  hunger) 
remembered  this  ride  on  the  plow,  and  afterward  related 
the  incident  to  his  son,  who  was  a  civil  magistrate  in  France 
under  Louis  Philippe. 

WhUe  residing  on  this  £Etrm,  and  in  the  years  before  his 
marriage,  8t  John  had  traveled  extensively  in  Canada  and 
the  Colonies ;  had  visited  Bermuda,  South  Carolina,  Penn- 
sylvania and  Nantucket,  and  had  written  copious  notes  in 
English,  of  what  he  had  seen,  and  of  his  own  reflections 
on  colonial  life.  He  had  probably  printed  something  in  the 
provincial  newspapers;  but  he  reserved  his  best  observa- 
tions, in  the  form  of  letters,  to  be  published  in  volumes 
hereafter.  This  he  did  in  England  and  France,  from  1782 
to  1801,  attracting  much  notice  by  what  he  had  written. 
The  circumstances  of  this  publication  were  singular.  Dur- 
ing his  rambles  about  the  Colonies  and  among  tiie  Quakers, 
he  seems  to  have  long  preserved  his  neutrality  between  the 
American  patriots  of  the  Stamp  Act  period,  and  the  early 
days  of  our  Revolution,  and  the  Tory  loyalists.  He  was  a 
man  of  peace,  and  evidently  shared  the  sentiment  which 
Tennyson,  a  century  later  expressed : 

We  love  not  this  French  god,  this  child  of  hell. 
Wild  War  that  breaks  the  converse  of  the  wise. 

Indeed,  few  writers  have  better  described  the  miseries  and 
anxieties  of  Civil  War  than  St.  John  in  one  of  the  chapters  of 
his  *  Letters  of  an  American  Parmer,'  written  during  that 
worst  period  of  the  Revolutionary  struggle,  when  the  Brit- 
ish had  excited  the  Indians  of  the  Six  Nations  to  massacre 
and  ravage  at  Wyoming,  at  Cherry  Valley,  and  all  along 
the  boundary  of  that  narrow  strip  of  farms  and  villages 


262    .  The  ^^ American  Farmer  ^^  St.  John  De  Crhecoeur. 

which  made  up  the  Atlantic  States,  outside  of  New  Eng- 
land. In  this  strip  between  the  Hudson  and  the  Catskills 
and  neighboring  mountains,  lay  St.  John's  Pine  Hill  Farm, 
which,  in  nine  years  he  had  brought  to  a  high  state  of  cul- 
tivation. By  the  spring  of  1779  it  had  become  exposed  to 
raids  by  the  Tories  and  their  Indian  allies,  who  had  already 
destroyed  Wyoming,  and  raided  the  frontier  of  New  Jer- 
sey, where  in  Sussex  County,  St.  John  owned  another  farm. 
He  therefore  thought  it  needful,  exactly  for  what  reason  is 
unknown,  to  visit  his  father's  family  in  Normandy,  from 
which  he  had  long  been  separated,  and  perhaps  estranged. 
He  procured  a  safe-conduct  from  Gen.  MacDougal,  who 
commanded  the  American  army  near  West  Point,  in  April 
of  the  year  before  Arnold's  treason,  and  started  for  New 
York,  then  held  by  Sir  Henry  Clinton  and  a  British  army. 
He  had  no  difficulty  in  procuring  a  passport  from  Sir  Henry 
which  admitted  him  to  New  York,  where  he  had  many 
friends  among  the  loyalists, — one  in  particular,  William 
Beaton,  to  whom  many  of  his  famous  *  Letters '  were  ad- 
dressed. Once  in  the  city,  he  expected  no  difficulty  in  get- 
ting passage  in  some  English  vessel  to  London,  whence,  as 
a  neutral,  he  could  cross  over  to  France.  But  hardly  had 
he  reached  New  York  when  the  arrival  of  a  French  fleet  of 
war  vessels  off  the  city  caused  great  alarm,  and  occasioned 
St.  John's  arrest  as  a  French  spy.  He  was  thrown  into  the 
provost's  prison,  and  treated  with  much  severity,  in  spite  of 
the  interposition  of  his  loyalist  friends,  who  could  not  finally 
secure  his  release  on  bail  until  the  summer  of  1780.  He 
then  procured  a  passage  for  himself  and  his  elder  son, 
*  Ally,'  (Guillaume  Alexander)  in  one  of  a  fleet  of  mer- 
chant vessels  and  transports,  for  London,  in  September, 
1780,  more  than  a  year  after  he  had  left  his  farm  and  family. 
During  that  year  he  had  heard  from  them  occasionally,  but 
from  the  day  he  set  sail  he  lost  all  communication  with 
them  for  more  than  two  years.  In  that  interval  his  farm 
was  raided,  his  house  burnt,  and  his  wife  and  two  young 
children  had  fled  to  Westchester,  where  Madame  St  John 


The  ^^ American  Farmer''  St.  John  De  Orivecoeur.     263 

soon  died.  Misfortune  followed  her  husband  also ;  he  was 
wrecked  (as  he  says)  on  the  coast  of  Ireland,  and  had  to 
pass  the  winter  of  1780-81  in  Dublin.  In  the  spring  of 
1781  he  passed  over  to  London,  carrying  with  him  three 
folio  volumes  of  his  Letters,  from  which  he  made  up  that 
volume  of  selections  which  he  sold  to  a  London  publisher, 
Davies,  for  30  guineas.  With  the  proceeds  he  crossed  the 
sea  to  Ostend,  and  thence,  in  August  1781,  reached  Caen, 
and  his  father's  chateau  at  Pierpont,  near  the  seacoast  at 
Ver  in  Calvados. 

Hardly  had  he  been  welcomed  home,  when  one  of  those 
events  where  the  fact  is  stranger  than  any  fiction,  happened 
to  St.  John.  Five  Massachusetts  naval  ofiicers,  escaped 
from  an  English  prison,  had  crossed  the  Channel  in  a  sail- 
boat, and  landed  near  Ver  on  the  coast  of  lower  Normandy. 
They  spoke  no  French,  and  were  without  money  or  cloth- 
ing, except  what  they  wore.  St.  John,  so  well  acquainted 
with  English  that  he  had  kept  his  diaries  and  written  his 
letters  in  that  language,  heard  of  them,  met  them,  took 
them  to  his  father's  house,  and  otherwise  provided  for  them 
in  Caen,  whence,  in  October  1781,  he  sent  them,  by  the  in- 
tervention of  Dr.  Franklin,  then  at  Paris,  home  to  New- 
buryport  and  Boston,  where  they  arrived  in  November, 
after  the  surrender  of  Comwallis  at  Yorktown.  One  ot 
these  officers,  Lieut.  George  Little,  told  St  John  he  had  a 
cousin  in  Boston,  Captain  Gustavus  Fellowes,  a  merchant, 
who  might  procure  him  news  of  his  wife  and  children. 
Accordingly  St.  John  wrote  by  Little  to  Captain  Fellowes, 
enclosing  money  and  asking  him  to  use  it  for  the  relief  of 
his  family,  if  he  could  find  them,  and  they  needed  it.  Two 
years  more  passed,  while  St.  John  was  detained  in  France, 
making  acquaintance  in  high  quarters,  and  profiting  by  the 
success  of  his  English  book,  which  was  published  by  Davies 
early  in  1782,  and  instantly  became  famous.  An  edition 
appeared  in  Dublin  the  same  year;  a  revised  edition,  with 
a  good  index,  was  issued  by  Davies  in  1783 ;  and  St.  John 
in  the  meantime  had  made  a  French  translation  of  the  Let- 


264      The  ^^ American  Farmer''  St.  John  De  Crhecoewr. 

ters,  adding  much  French  to  the  English  edition  while 
making  his  version.  It  was  printed  in  Paris  in  1784,  with 
a  commendatory  introduction  by  Lacretelle. 

During  this,  his  first  visit  to  his  native  country  for  a 
quarter-century,  everything  went  well  with  St.  John. 
America  and  the  Americans  were  in  high  favor.  Franklin 
and  Washington  had  raised  our  national  reputation  to  its 
top-notch ;  the  possibilities  of  the  free  and  expanding  coun- 
try were  becoming  everywhere  known.  It  was  this  which 
gave  such  vogue  to  the  English  and  the  French  editions  ot 
the  <  Letters  of  an  American  Farmer.'  Their  English  was 
good,  but  not  faultiess, — ^their  French  still  less  so, — ^but 
their  fresh  view  of  nature  and  human  nature,  and  their  no- 
ble altruism  fell  in  well  with  the  prevailing  tone,  even  in 
England.  St.  John  had  to  revive  his  early  knowledge  of 
his  vernacular.  When  the  Countess  D'Houdetot,an  old  friend 
of  his  father,  the  Marquis  de  Cr^vecoeur,  and  an  admirer  of 
Franklin  and  Jefferson,  first  invited  him  to  the  gatherings 
of  the  learned  and  fashionable  group  of  which  she  was  the 
centre,  he  declined.*    Afterwards  he  said : 

"  As  I  had  heard  at  the  table  of  M.  Buffon  that  she  was  intimate 
with  learaed  men,  and  very  well  informed  herself,  a  notion  of  my 
ignorance,  even  of  my  own  language  struck  me  so  forcibly  that  pretend- 
ing a  temporary  inconvenience,  I  wrote  to  her  deferring  indefinitely  the 
honor  of  paying  respects  in  person,  and  returning  my  thanks.  Some- 
thing she  saw  in  my  letter,  which  I  composed  in  English  and  translated. 


^  St  John  reached  his  paternal  home  in  Normandy,  Aug.  2,  1781. 
August  10, 1781,  Mme.  D'Houdetot  wrote  to  Dr.  Franklin  recommending 
him  as  ' '  having  lost  the  greater  part  of  his  property  by  the  present  war.  *' 
The  twenty-seventh  of  August  he  wrote  himself  to  Franklin,  then  in 
Paris,  speaking  of  the  five  Americans,  and  saying,  '^  As  they  are  genteel, 
discreet  men  firom  the  Massachusetts,  I  have  placed  them  in  a  good  house 
and  procured  them  the  hospitality  of  the  city  of  Caen."  Later  in  the 
year,  he  informed  Franklin,  "The  Americans  who  escaped  firom  England 
last  summer  are  happily  embarked  for  Newbury,  in  Massachusetts," 
where  they  seem  to  have  arrived  in  November. 

Mme.  D*Houdetot  had  spoken  of  St.  John  to  Franklin  under  the 
name  of  Cr^veooeur  while  he  at  that  time  always  had  signed  himself  St. 


The  ** American  Farmer"  St.  John  De  Orivecceiar.     265 

hit  or  miflB,  pleased  her.  The  queer  turn  of  my  phrases,  and  my  use  of 
words  that  I  then  fiuided  were  good  French,  instead  of  making  her  de- 
spise a  man  who  did  not  know  his  natiye  tongue,  increased  her  desire  to 
see  me  .  .  .  By  persistence  and  by  little  imperceptible  flatteries  she  suc- 
ceeded, and  thus  made  a  new  man  of  me.  What  quick  progress  in  the 
knowledge  of  French  and  the  customs  of  good  society  in  France  did  my 
wish  to  merit  her  esteem  assure  to  me !  She  inyited  me  to  remain  at 
her  house,  and  I  was  soon  on  the  footing  of  an  old  friend  there." 

Through  her  influence  and  that  of  other  powerful  friendB 
Bt  John,  after  the  usual  delays  of  royal  courts,  received  the 
appointment  of  French  Consul  at  New  York  and,  as  soon 
as  he  had  put  his  French  version  of  the  Letters  in  the  way 
to  be  brought  out  &vorably  in  Paris,  St.  John  sailed  for 
America,  and  landed  in  New  York  while  the  British  garri- 
son still  held  the  town,  in  November,  1788.  Consequently 
he  was  there  to  see  and  describe  the  triumphal  entry  of 
Washington,  and  to  praise  the  tact  and  magnanimity  with 
which  that  noble  man  overcame  the  difficulties  of  reconcil- 
ing the  patriots  and  royalists.  This  part  of  St  John's  writ- 
ings has  never  been  translated,  and  is  practically  unknown 
to  those  antiquaries  who  of  late  have  been  reprinting  the 
accounts  of  Washington's  first  weeks  in  the  surrendered 
city,  where  Howe  and  Clinton  had  been  in  control  for  six  or 
seven  years. 

But  a  painful  surprise  awaited  him  in  New  York.  He 
had  heard  absolutely  nothing  from  Gustavus  Fellowes  since 
writing  to  him  in  Boston,  two  years  before.     Not  that  the 

John.  Explaining  this  to  Franklin  (Sept  26,  1781)  he  said,  in  his 
peculiar  English :  "  The  reason  of  the  mistake  proceeds  from  the  singu- 
larity of  the  French  costom,  which  renders  their  names  almost  arbitrary, 
and  often  leads  them  to  forget  their  family  ones.  It  is  in  consequence 
of  this  that  there  are  more  alias  dictios  in  this  than  in  any  other  country 
in  Europe.  The  name  of  our  fomily  is  St.  Jean,  in  English  St.  John — 
a  name  as  ancient  as  the  conquest  of  England  by  William  the  Bastard. 
I  am  so  great  a  stranger  to  the  manners  of  this,  though  my  natiye 
country  (having  quitted  it  very  young),  that  I  never  dreamt  I  had  any 
other  than  the  old  family  name.  I  was  greatly  astonished  when,  at  my 
late  return,  I  saw  myself  under  the  necessity  of  being  called  by  that  of 
CWveccBur." 


266       The  ^^ American  Farmer''  St.  John  De  Crhecoswr. 

Good  Samaritan  of  Boston  had  neglected  his  affitirs,  but 
because  the  letter  he  wrote  had  crossed  the  Atlantic  twice 
without  finding  St.  John,  and  was  then  lying  in  the  New 
York  Post  office,  informing  him  of  the  destruction  of  his 
Pine  Hill  house,  the  death  of  his  wife,  and  the  rescue  of  his 
two  children  from  dire  poverty  by  Captain  Fellowes,  in 
return  for  the  good  deed  of  St.  John  in  befriending  the 
Boston  naval  officers  on  the  coast  of  Normandy.  The  Eng- 
lish text  of  the  letter  of  Captain  Fellows  has  disappeared ; 
but  from  its  French  version  in  St.  John's  third  volume  of 
the  Letters,  issued  in  1787, 1  make  this  translation,  omit- 
ting the  less  essential  parts : — 

I  received  your  letter  of  September  29,  1781,  by  the  hands  of  the 
five  officers  of  the  naval  vessel  ''Protector.**  I  read  it  attentively. 
Your  readiness  to  assist  them  in  misfortune,  and  the  important  service 
you  did  them  made  on  my  mind  an  impression  so  strong  that  I  at  onoe 
took  all  the  steps  I  thought  needful  to  gain  information  by  letter  of  the 
state  of  your  £unily  in  Orange  County.  My  effort  was  in  vain  ;  the  war 
interrupted  all  communication.  I  then  made  up  my  mind  to  go  there 
myself,  and  told  my  wife,  who  approved  the  plan.  ''  "lis  no  more  than 
right,"  said  she.  ''The  fomily  of  our  worthy  fellow-citizen  are  perhaps 
in  trouble ;  the  British  and  the  Indians,  they  say,  have  made  many 
ravages  in  that  district.  My  dear,  let  us  do  for  him  and  his  what  he  did 
for  our  friends  on  the  coast  of  Normandy.'* 

A  week  after  I  left  Boston  I  was  lucky  enough  to  meet,  on  the  banks 
of  the  Hudson,  the  Sheriff  of  Orange  County,  Jesse  Woodhull,  Esq., 
who  as  Colonel  of  the  militia  was  with  his  raiment  at  the  post  of  Fish- 
kill.  Your  letter,  which  I  handed  him,  was  the  first  he  had  got  from 
you  since  you  left  the  British  prison  at  New  York.  He  asked  50  ques- 
tions about  you  and  Ally,  the  state  of  your  £unily,  your  misfortunes,  etc. 
I  learned  from  him  the  death  of  your  wife  and  the  sad  condition  of  the 
children  since  the  raid  of  the  savages  and  the  scarcity  of  food.  Horror- 
struck  at  the  news,  I  at  once  made  up  my  mind  to  bring  them  away  from 
that  unlucky  region,  carry  them  to  Boston,  and  bring  them  up  with  my 
own  children.  The  Sheriff  approved  my  plan.  He  said,  "  You  cannot 
do  a  greater  service  to  my  old  friend  and  good  neighbor,  Mr.  St.  John. 
The  Indians  and  the  war  have  broken  up  all  our  schools  and  the  Lord 
only  knows  how  we  are  to  educate  our  children.*' 

Fortunately  the  snow  was  deep,  and  the  roads  well  trodden.  I  at 
once  busied  myself  with  arrangements  for  getting  the  children  to  Boston 
as  comfortably  as  possible ;  and  especially  to  clothe  them  warmly.     My 


The  ^^ American  Farmer"  St.  John  De  Ortvecoeur.     267 

wife  had  proyided  for  that,  and  luckily, — for  eveiTthing  was  so  oat  of 
order  that  I  could  not  have  found  in  the  whole  county  of  Orange  either 
woolen  stuffo  or  suitable  flannels.  Before  leaving  Sheriff  Woodhull,  who 
invited  me  to  his  headquarters,  I  inquired  what  had  been  the  expenses 
of  the  children  since  the  death  of  their  mother,  and  offered  to  put  40 
guineas  in  his  hands.  He  would  not  take  it,  saying  that  the  sale  of 
some  horses  and  cattle,  which  had  escaped  the  plunderers,  had  brought 
money  enough  to  pay  for  their  support,  which  could  not  indeed  have 
cost  much,  judging  by  the  condition  I  found  them  in.  As  to  your  £uin 
and  outlands,  I  advised  him  never  to  allow  their  sale  without  your  con- 
sent. I  received  the  amount  of  your  bill  of  exchange,  and  shall  use  it 
for  the  good  of  the  children. 

Since  they  have  been  with  us  we  have  treated  them  as  our  own. 
They  are  good,  and  fortunately  we  have  a  boy  and  girl  of  their  ages, 
with  whom  they  live  on  the  best  of  terms.  My  wife  and  I  receive  them 
as  if  they  were  children  we  had  lost  and  recovered  ;  were  we  so  unfor- 
tunate as  never  to  see  or  hear  of  you  again,  we  should  educate  them  as 
our  own.  Not  knowing  what  religious  principles  you  had  given  them, 
I  take  them  to  church  with  my  household,  and  they  offer  to  God  the 
aame  worship  that  we  do.  If  you  receive  this,  please  tell  us  your  wishes 
on  this  point ;  we  shall  be  glad  to  conform  to  them.  I  shall  send  you 
copies  of  this  letter  until  I  get  some  reply. 

When  Sir  Fowell  Buxton  was  Beeking  financial  aid  from 
the  Britiflh  government  for  a  philanthropic  enterprise  in 
English  Africa,  and  found  a  cold  reception,  while  his 
kinsmen,  the  Quaker  Gumeys,  gave  him  liberally,  he  ex- 
claimed, "In  Downing  Street  I  found  princes  who  were 
stingy  merchants,  but  in  London  City  I  found  merchant 
princes.*' 

The  combination  in  Captain  Fellowes  of  the  exactness  ot 
a  merchant  and  the  generosity  of  a  prince,  is  very  striking, 
and  makes  us  wish  to  know  more  of  a  Bostonian  who  be- 
haved so  handsomely.  Thirty-two  years  ago  his  grand- 
daughter, Emily  Pierpont  Delesdemier,  undertook  to  give 
the  world  this  knowledge,  in  a  little  book  published  at  New 
York  by  Hurd  k  Houghton, — "  Fannie  St.  John,  a  Romantic 
Incident  of  the  American  Revolution."  Gustavus  Fellowes 
was  the  son  of  a  Cape  Ann  sea  captain,  and  had  himself 
commanded  vessels  sailing  out  of  Boston.     He  was  bom  in 


268      The  '^American  Farmer''  St.  John  De  Orhecoswr. 

1736,  a  year  after  St  John,  and  had  two  brothers,  Cornelias 
and  Nathaniel,  *  mariner-merchants,*  and  afterwards  coffee- 
planters  in  Cuba.  They  were  at  one  time  among  the 
wealthiest  of  their  class.  Cornelius  and  Gustavns  married 
cousins  named  Pierpont, — ^the  wife  of  Gustavus  being  Barah, 
daughter  of  James  Pierpont,  who  was  distantly  related  to 
the  Earls  of  Kingston,  of  whose  family  was  Lady  Mary  Pier- 
pont, better  known  by  her  married  name  of  Montagu.  Mrs. 
Fellowes  had  six  daughters  and  two  sons,  and  seven  of  these 
children  were  living  in  Washington  Street  near  Harvard, 
where  Captain  Fellowes  had  a  fine  house  and  a  large  garden, 
in  November,  1783,  when  Letombe,  the  French  Consul  at 
Boston,  called  to  inquire  if  the  two  children  of  St  John 
were  still  there.  They  were,  but  St  John,  hearing  they 
were  well  cared  for,  and  being  occupied  with  his  offi- 
cial and  private  affidrs  at  New  York,  did  not  see  them  till 
the  spring  of  1784.  He  found  Fanny,  a  tall  girl  of  18f 
who  told  him  her  little  story  as  follows : 

It  was  time,  dear  fother,  for  Proyidence  to  begin  to  show  &yor  to 
brother  Lewis  and  me,  when  Mr.  Fellowes  got  to  Westchester  where 
we  were.  For  we  had  neither  shoes  nor  stockings,  and  were  almost 
naked.  The  weather  was  cold,  and  the  other  children  there  were  much 
in  the  same  condition.  My  little  brother,  being  younger,  did  not  feel 
the  misery  of  our  lot  so  much  as  I,  but  he  cried  a  good  deal.  And  I 
who  remembered  so  well  your  tender  care  and  that  of  poor  Mother, — 
how  I  did  grieve  when  I  thought  of  all  that  I  and  'twas  very  often.  J. 
D.  and  his  wife,  not  knowing  who  this  Htranger  might  be,  that  came  to 
fetch  us  away,  did  all  they  could  to  make  us  stay  with  them.  They 
tried  to  alarm  little  brother,  and  he  began  to  cry,  and  say,  "I  don't 
want  to  go  with  that  man."  Mr.  Fellowes  had  to  take  him  by  force, 
poor  Philip  Lewis,  from  Mrs.  D.'s  arms,  he  crying  hard,  and  she 
crying  too.  I  said  to  them,  "  We  cannot  be  worse  off  than  we  are 
here;  why  should  you  want  to  keep  us?  You  have  nothing  to  give 
us  ;  you  can  hardly  supply  your  own  needs.  This  man  must  wish  us 
well, — else  he  would  not  have  come  such  a  long  way.  Perhaps  God 
sent  him." 

I  remember  this  too.  I  got  into  the  strange  man's  sleigh  with  the 
greatest  eagerness,  for  I  thought  it  would  take  me  away  from  the  place 
where  I  lost  my  mother,  and  had  suffered  so  many  things.  O,  Father ! 
you  don't  know  how  good  and  warm  were  the  clothes  this  good  man, 


The  ^* American  Farmer"  Sif.  John  De  Orhecceur.     269 

whom  God  sent  to  qb,  had  brought  with  him.  I  hugged  myself  with  joy 
when  I  put  them  on.  I  heard  afterwards  it  was  his  dear  wife,  my 
adopted  mother,  who,  inspired  by  heayen,  gaye  him  the  idea.  You 
could  not  yourself  haye  been  kinder  than  this  blessed  man  was,  in  our 
whole  journey.  When  we  had  a  big  riyer  to  cross  on  the  ice,  which 
he  knew  gaye  me  a  great  fright,  he  always  told  us  a  pretty  story,  to 
take  our  minds  off,  and  shorten  the  time.  When  we  got  to  Hartford, 
some  of  his  friends  there  asked  him  ''What  haye  you  got  in  your 
sleigh  V*  **  Two  lost  children  "  he  said, — "  I  lost  them,  and  haye  just 
got  'em  back.  I  am  taking  them  to  Boston,  where  my  wife  will  soon 
make  them  forget  all  they  had  to  bear.  We  haye  seyen  children  there 
now,  and  these  two  little  lost  lambs  will  make  nine."  That  was  just 
what  he  said. 

In  Boston  how  I  liked  being  pided,  put  in  warm  clothes,  haying 
enough  to  eat  when  I  was  hungry, — and  especially  not  to  be  afraid  of 
the  Indians.  Lewis  began  to  laugh  as  soon  as  we  got  here.  I  scolded 
him  well  for  haying  cried  at  Chester,  and  for  wanting  to  stay  there. 
They  put  me  to  sleep  the  first  night  with  Abigail,  the  oldest  daughter, 
who  is  near  my  age.  I  loye  her  as  if  she  were  my  own  sister ;  she  is 
politeness  and  gentleness  all  oyer.  Lewis  was  put  to  bed  with  little 
Gustayus,  who  is  only  fiye  months  older.  The  next  morning  Mrs.  Fel- 
lowes  combed  our  hair,  and  put  on  clothes  like  those  of  the  others,  and 
when  we  had  got  rested,  we  were  all  sent  to  school  together.  Not  only 
did  she  wash  and  dress  us  herself  eyery  morning,  but  she  had  us  sit  by 
her  at  the  table,  and  gaye  us  the  best  there  was  on  it ;  for  she  said, — 
''These  poor  children  haye  had  so  hard  a  time,  they  must  now  haye 
more  care  than  our  own."  When  she  went  yisiting  she  often  took  me 
instead  of  my  good  sister  Abby ;  especially  if  we  were  going  to  sail  in  the 
Harbor,  or  go  to  Castle  Island,  or  Bozbury,  Jamaica  Plain,  Cambridge 
or  Dorchester.  Abby,  who  is  goodness  itself,  would  often  say, — "  Yes, 
Mother,  take  Fanny  with  you.  I  shall  like  to  stay  at  home  and  take 
care  of  the  little  ones ;  Fanny  needs  a  good  time  more  than  I  do."  We 
now  take  turns  going  out,  or  else  go  together. 

I  haye  become  useftil  to  Mother,  too.  For  a  year  and  a  half  I  haye 
helped  her  eyery  morning,  along  with  Abby,  to  wash  and  dress  the 
younger  children,  and  send  them  to  school.  She  has  taught  me  to  sew, 
to  knit  and  to  spin  ;  I  mend  clothes,  make  bread,  and  do  a  little  cook- 
ing. She  has  a  baby  eight  months  old,  a  little  girl, — and  they  gaye 
her  my  name,  for  I  was  her  godmother.  They  named  a  whaleship 
Fanny,  too, — she  sailed  two  months  ago  for  Brazil.  I  hope  she  will 
come  back  with  a  good  lot  of  oil  I  When  little  Fanny  is  weaned, 
expect  to  haye  the  whole  care  of  her,  and  haye  her  sleep  with  me, 
and  be  no  more  trouble  to  her  mother.  I  want  you  should  call  her 
granddaughter. ' ' 


270      The  ^^ American  Farmer**  St.  John  De  Orivecceiar. 

This  artless  prattle  lets  us  see  the  whole  interior  of  the 
Boston  merchants  household.  These  were  the  men  cele* 
brated  by  Emerson : 

The  waves  that  rocked  them  on  the  deep 

To  them  their  secret  told  ; 
Said  the  winds  that  sung  their  lads  to  sleep, 

''  Like  us  be  free  and  bold  I" 
The  honest  wayes  refuse  to  slaves 
The  empire  of  the  ocean  caves. 

And  where  they  went  on  trade  intent 

They  did  what  freemen  can  ; 
Their  dauntless  ways  did  all  men  praise, — 

The  merchant  was  a  man. 
The  world  was  made  for  honest  trade, — 
To  plant  and  eat  be  none  afraid. 

The  honest  craftsman  we  promote, 

Disown  the  knave  and  fool ; 
Each  honest  man  shall  have  his  vote, 

Each  child  shall  have  his  school. 
For  what  avail  the  plow  or  sail, 
Or  land,  or  life, — ^if  freedom  fail  ? 

After  reaching  Boston  at  last,  and  embracing  his  children, 
St  John  spent  some  days  there,  and  went  to  church  on  Sun- 
day with  the  Fellowes  family.  His  daughter  whispered  to 
him  as  he  went, — perhaps  to  the  Old  South, — "  I  am  de- 
lighted that  you  will  go.  Our  neighbors,  who  have  so  often 
spoken  of  you,  and  were  so  glad  to  hear  you  were  coming, 
will  be  much  gratified  to  see  us,  father  and  children,  coming 
to  *  worship  with  them'."  ("  This  is  an  expression,"  says  St. 
John  aside, "  peculiar  to  Boston.")  "  This  reflection,"  he  says, 
"  was  very  touching.  Nor  was  I  less  touched  at  the  kind  of 
sensation  that  my  presence  in  the  church  seemed  to  cause. 
I  heard  some  persons  in  the  next  pew  say  softly,  <  That  is 
Fanny's  father,'  and  I  noticed  how  much  my  child  enjoyed 
this  mark  of  public  interest." 

"  What  was  my  surprise,"  he  adds,  "  on  coming  out  of 
church,  to  have  Mr.  Fellowes  introduce  me  to  the  five 
Americans   (George  Little,   Clement  Lemon,  Alexander 


The  ^^Ameriean  Farmer ^^  St  John  De  Orivecceur.     271 

Story,  Samuel  Wales  and  John  Collins),  whom  I  have  men- 
tioned as  met  by  me  in  Normandy.  Learning  that  I  was  to 
be  in  this  church,  they  had  come  there  on  purpose  to  see 
me.  A  crowd  of  citizens  then  came  up,  shook  my  hand, 
and  congratulated  me  on  my  happy  return,  and  on  finding 
my  children  in  such  good  hands.  *  It  is  to  your  worthy 
townsman,*  I  replied,  *that  I  owe  all  this, — under  that 
Divine  Providence  which  interested  him  in  them,  when  he 
did  not  know  their  father.'  Mr.  Fellowes  then  invited  the 
five  naval  oflicers  to  dine  with  us  at  his  house." 

Is  not  this  a  pleasing  picture  of  Boston  hospitality,  122 
years  ago  ?  The  two  children  at  this  time  were,  Louis 
Phillippe,  nine  and  a  half,  and  Fanny  (Frances  America)  in 
her  14th  year.  He  was  bom  Oct.  22,  1774,  and  she  nearly 
four  years  earlier, — ^Dec.  14,  1771.  Their  ages  were  incor- 
rectiy  given  by  St.  John,  but  we  now  have  their  birth- 
certificates.  Dates  were  never  his  strong  point,  and  he  may 
have  changed  them  to  suit  himself  He  had  left  his  Hudson 
River  farm  late  in  April,  1779,  and  sailed  for  England  Sept. 
1, 1780. 

St.  John  took  his  younger  son  with  him  to  France  in 
1785,  but  allowed  Fanny  to  remain  and  finish  her  girlish 
education  in  Boston,  remaining  in  the  family  of  Captain 
Fellowes,  but  soon  after  his  return  from  a  visit  to  France 
in  1787,  Fanny  went  to  live  with  him  in  New  York,  while 
Louis  and  Ally  were  at  school  in  France,  spent  their  vaca- 
tions with  Mme.  D'Houdetot,  and  frequently  dined  at  her 
house  with  Mr.  Jefferson,  then  the  successor  of  Franklin  at 
the  court  of  Louis  XVI.  Meanwhile,  a  young  German, 
Louis  (Ludwig  Wilhelm)  Otto,  bom  in  Baden  in  1754,  had 
come  to  New  York  in  1779,  as  a  member  of  the  French 
legation,  after  the  French  alliance ;  he  remained  there  and 
in  Philadelphia  until  1792, — rising  constantly  in  his  diplo- 
matic profession,  by  reason  of  his  knowledge  and  tact.  He 
was  attracted  by  the  young  Fanny  St.  John,  sixteen  years 
younger  than  himself,  and  they  were  married  in  a  New  York 
church  in  1790,  just  before  her  father  sailed  for  France  the 


272      The  ^^ American  Farmer"  St.  John  De  Orivec(BUT. 

last  time.     They  remained  in  America  till  1792,  and  then 
sailed  for  France  at  the  very  crisis  of  the  Revolution  there, 
.  J  in  which,  in  many  ways,  St.  John  and  his  friends  had  be- 

j;  *  come  involved.    St.  John  had  had  his  leave  of  absence  from 

|. :  his  consulate  extended  through  the  good  offices  of  his  friend 

{j  i  Lafayette ;  but  when  the  latter  fell  from  power,  and  left 

i  ■  France,  the  French  agents  in  America  were  all  recalled,  and 

|- ;  St.  John  became  a  suspected  *  aristocrat'     His  son-in-law, 

T  .  Otto,  however,  availed  himself  of  his  recall  to  secure  a  place 

^  .  in  the  Foreign  office,  at  first  under  Talleyrand,  and  after- 

|.  :  ward  under  the  extreme  revolutionists.     This  enabled  him 

I  I  to  protect  the  St.  Johns,  and,  after  Robespierre  was  over- 

!•  >  thrown,  to  serve  again  under  Talleyrand,  and  later  under 

[  Napoleon,  who  distinguished  him  personally,  and  trusted 

j'  '  him  in  diplomacy  more  than  Talleyrand.     Otto  was  made  a 

I  Coiint  of  the  Empire ;  his  daughter,  afterwards  a  Baroness 

under  the  Bourbons,  was  a  maid  of  honor  to  Josephine,  and 
the  family  remained  in  favor  until  St.  John  and  Otto  died, 
the  first  in  1813,  the  other  in  1817.  Fanny  St.  John  sur- 
vived till  1823. 

But  we  are  interested  also  in  the  Fellowes  family.    While 
f  their  adopted  child,  Fanny,  was  rising  in  fortune,  the  good 

Gastavus  lost  a  part  of  his  wealth,  sold  his  Boston  house  and 
garden,  and  removed  to  Machias  in  Maine,  to  engage  in  the 
Labrador  fishery.  There  he  met  another  family,  as  inter- 
esting as  his  own, — the  Lesdemiers  from  Geneva,  fiiends  of 
Albert  GhJlatin.  Lewis  Lesdemier  afterwards  married  a 
daughter  of  Mr.  Fellowes,  and  Miss  Emily  Lesdernier  was 
their  child. 

It  seems  surprising  that  nearly  all  the  comments  on  St 
John,  as  a  writer,  thinker  and  observer,  should  be  based 
wholly  on  the  imperfect  first  volume  of  his  *  Letters '  pub- 
lished in  England  in  1782,  under  circumstances  that 
restricted  his  expression  of  regard  for  the  revolted  Colonies, 
not  yet  acknowledged  by  George  HI  as  independent  States. 
This  English  edition,  though  somewhat  improved  in  the 
revision  of  1783,  was  in  fsLct  a  little  more  than  a  third  part 


[ 


The  ^^ American  Farmer'^  St.  John  De  Orhectjeur.     273 

of  the  contents  of  his  final  French  edition  of  1787.  It  con- 
tains less  than  100,000  words,  while  the  French  edition  has 
280,000.  K  to  this  we  add  the  contents  of  the  three  volumes 
of  1801,  we  shall  find  that  St.  John  published  in  French 
about  five  times  as  much  as  in  English ;  and  an  examination 
of  his  six  volumes  will  show  that  their  contents  are  a  far  more 
valuable  contribution  to  American  history,  topography  and 
social  conditions,  from  1757  to  1800,  than  any  other  con- 
temporary author  has  left  us.  Their  maps  and  engravings 
are  well  drawn  and  engraved,  their  information  is  generally 
accurate,  except  in  the  matter  of  dates,  and  they  supply  facts 
for  which  the  newspapers  and  public  documents  of  the 
period  might  be  searched  in  vain.  A  curious  interest  at* 
taches  to  the  vignettes  in  the  three  volumes  of  1787.  They 
are  circular,  like  medals,  and  may  have  been  designed  for 
such.  In  the  second  volume,  France,  helmeted  and  armed 
like  Pallas,  wields  her  spear  and  holds  forth  her  jieur^de-lis 
shield,  to  protect  America,  as  the  in&nt  Hercules,  strangling 
the  serpents,  against  the  rampant  British  lion.  The  legend 
around  the  circle  is  Horace's  line,  N(m  sine  dis  animosus  in- 
fans.  Below  this  device  are  the  dates  of  the  two  surrenders, 
—at  Saratoga,  Oct.  17, 1777,  and  Oct.  19, 1781,  at  York- 
town.  This  is  the  best  device  of  the  three.  The  first  volume 
has  a  funeral  monument,  on  which  are  inscribed  the  names 
of  Gen.  Warren,  Gen.  Wooster,  Gen.  Montgomery  and  Gen. 
Mercer;  beneath  the  monument,  outstretched  on  the  ground, 
lies  America,  in  Indian  undress,  mourning  for  her  slain  sons. 
The  legend  this  time  reads,  0,  Manes  Heroum^  vestra  libera 
est  patria.  In  the  third  volume,  the  figure  is  of  an  all-seeing 
eye,  from  which  radiates  beams  of  light  to  or  fix)m  thirteen 
stars  representing  the  new  States  of  our  Union,  with  the 
motto  around  them,  Nova  Gonstellatio.  To  carry  out  this 
series  of  allegories,  a  frontispiece  in  one  volume  represents 
America,  as  a  nursing  mother  in  Indian  dress,  with  hungry 
babes  clinging  about  her,  and  the  inscription  below,  Ubi 
LibertaSj  et  PaniSy  ibi  Patria. 

Of  the  general  accuracy  of  St.  John's   descriptions  of 
VOL.  xxx. — 18 


274      The  ^^ American  Farmer  ^^  St.  John  De  Orivecoeur. 

American  scenery  and  manners,  Brissot  de  Warville  speaks 
in  terms  of  praise,  and  his  language  shows  how  well  known 
were  the  French  "  Letters."  Arriving  at  New  York  from 
Boston  in  August,  1785,  Brissot  says, — 

"  I  am  reading  again  the  description  given  by  M.  Crfeve- 
coBur  of  this  part  of  the  United  States,  and  after  comparing 
all  the  particulars  with  what  I  have  yet  seen,  I  must  confess 
that  all  the  strokes  in  the  picture  are  faithful.  Albany  is 
the  chief  town  of  rural  New  York,  situated  where  the  Mo- 
hawk empties  into  the  North  River.  This  is  the  region  of 
which  M .  Crfevecoeur  has  given  a  sketch  so  enchanting ;  its 
rigorous  winters  he  has  transformed  into  delightftil  seasons 
for  men  who  chiefly  love  the  pleasures  of  Nature." 

Here  the  allusion  is  to  that  remarkable  picture  of  the  ap- 
proach of  winter,  the  scene  of  which  he  places  at  German 
Plats,  then  the  chief  town  of  Herkimer  county,  sixty  miles 
west  of  Schenectady,  in  the  Mohawk  valley.  It  is  now  a 
part  of  the  town  of  Herkimer,  and  has  lost  those  rural 
features  which  so  delighted  St.  John.  His  description  still 
applies,  however,  so  far  as  nature  is  concerned,  to  many 
hundred  townships  in  the  northeastern  States.  It  occurs  in 
the  French  edition  of  1787,  (Vol.  I.,  p.  289)  and,  abridged,  is 
as  follows : 

"  Among  the  physical  characteristics  of  our  climate  none 
seem  to  me  more  striking  than  the  beginning  of  our  winters, 
and  the  vehemence  with  which  their  first  rigor  comes  upon 
the  earth.  It  comes  down  from  heaven,  and  becomes  one  of 
heaven's  greatest  favors ;  for  what  should  we  do  but  for  the 
immense  body  of  our  useful  snows  ?  Thanks  to  them  we 
gather  abundantly  the  crops  that  we  cultivate.  The  deluge 
of  congealed  vapor  is,  in  spite  of  its  harsh  appearance,  a  vast 
mantle  that  covers  and  keeps  warm  the  grass  and  grain  of 
our  fields.  This  season  has  much  to  do  with  the  manage- 
ment of  the  creatures  on  a  great  farm ;  forced  to  abandon 
the  grass  of  our  fields  and  meadows,  they  pass  at  once  to  the 
fodder,  the  grain  and  other  food  which  man  collected  for 
them  when  vegetation  enriched  the  earth's  surfece.     This  is 


The  ^^ American  Farmer  ^^  St  John  De  Orhecosur.     275 

the  period  when  the  duties  of  a  large  farmer  become  more 
extended  and  absorbing.  He  must  draw  from  his  store- 
house all  the  kinds  of  subsistence  that  are  needed ;  he  must 
look  out  that  his  provision  may  be  enough  to  keep  all  his 
cattle  during  this  long  confinement,  which  often  covers  half 
the  year.  He  must  separate  each  class  of  creatures,  so  that 
the  stronger  may  not  trouble  the  weaker  ones ;  he  must  find 
the  most  suitable  place  to  water  them,  with  a  path  not  too 
slippery. 

<^  He  must  break  out  the  roads,  and  join  his  team  to 
those  of  his  neighbors  to  tread  down  the  snow  on  the 
highways  and  keep  them  open ;  and  must  have  the  means  of 
guarding  against  disease  and  accident,  and  a  remedy  for  them 
when  they  come.  Great  must  be  his  forethought,  knowledge 
and  activity,  in  order  to  supply  his  household  with  clothing 
and  food  during  five  months.  .  .  .  Soon  after  the  &11 
of  the  leaves  our  diflTerent  harvests, — of  potatoes,  maize, 
artichokes,  etc.,  occupy  all  our  time.  The  Indians  have 
given  us  their  local  information, — ^it  is  easy  for  us  to  foresee 
what  sort  of  winter  we  shall  have  by  the  number  of  husks 
that  cover  the  maize-ear,  and  by  the  doings  of  the  squirrel, 
when  he  steals  it  from  the  cornfield.  Every  wise  man 
must  prepare  for  the  roughest  season  Nature  can  give  us. 
The  things  then  needed  would  surprise  you.  He  must  look 
sharply  after  the  stables,  the  sheds,  the  barnyards  and  out- 
houses, the  stalls  in  which  the  cattle  are  to  be  kept,  the 
racks,  portable  or  fixed,  the  troughs,  cribs,  etc.  He  must 
repair  what  is  giving  way,  put  in  place  what  is  needed,  and 
find  suitable  covering,  secure  from  rain  and  snow,  for  the 
oornstalks,  hay  and  common  straw. 

"  The  great  rains  come  at  last,  and  fill  the  springs,  the 
brooks  and  the  swamps ;  it  is  an  infallible  sign,  to  which 
succeeds  a  sharp  freeze,  brought  by  the  northwest  wind. 
This  piercing  cold  bridges  with  ice  all  the  watery  places,  and 
prepares  the  earth  to  receive  the  great  mass  of  snows  that 
will  soon  follow ;  the  roads,  lately  impassable,  from  mud, 
become  open  and  easy.     Sometimes  after  this  rain,  there 


276      The  ^^ American  Farmer ''  St.  John  De  Orevecosur. 

comes  an  interval  of  quiet  and  warmth,  called  the  Indian 
summer ;  its  indications  are  the  absence  of  wind,  and  a 
general  smoky  appearance.  The  approach  of  winter  was 
doubtful  up  to  now ;  it  sets  in  toward  the  middle  of  Novem- 
ber, although,  oftentimes,  snows  and  slight  freezes  long 
precede  it.  .  .  .  Soon  the  northwest  wind,  that  great 
harbinger  of  cold,  ceases  to  blow ;  the  air  thickens  impercep- 
tibly and  the  sky  takes  a  gray  color  ;  you  feel  a  cold  that  at- 
tacks your  nose  and  fingers.  This  calm  lasts  a  little  while ; 
the  grand  regulator  of  our  seasons  begins  to  show  himself; 
a  dull  and  distant  sound  announces  some  great  change. 
The  wind  comes  round  northeast ;  the  sunlight  dims,  though 
you  see  no  cloud ;  a  general  darkness  seems  to  be  coming 
on.  Minute  atoms  fiill  at  last ;  you  can  hardly  see  them ; 
they  slowly  descend,  as  if  their  weight  were  about  equal  to 
that  of  the  atmosphere, — an  infetllible  sign  of  a  large  fidl  of 
snow.  Insensibly  the  number  and  volume  of  these  white 
particles  becomes  more  striking,  they  come  down  in  greater 
flakes ;  a  distant  wind  makes  itself  more  and  more  heard, 
with  a  sound  that  gains  as  it  approaches.  The  icy  element, 
so  long  expected,  appears  at  last  -in  all  its  pomp  of  Boreas, 
and  begins  to  give  to  all  objects  a  uniform  color.  The  force 
of  the  wind  increases.  The  cold  and  treacherous  calm 
changes  to  a  tempest,  driving  the  clouds  into  the  southwest 
with  the  greatest  speed ;  this  wind  howls  at  all  the  doors, 
sounds  in  all  the  chimneys,  and  whistles  in  sharpest  tones 
through  the  bare  branches  of  the  nearest  trees.  Sometimes 
this  great  snowfall  is  preceded  by  sleet,  which  spreads  a 
brilliant  glaze  over  the  ground,  the  trees,  the  buildings  and 
fences.  A  sad  sight  for  the  cattle ;  melancholy  and  solitary^ 
they  seek  shelter  and  cease  to  graze, — waiting,  with  backs 
to  the  wind,  till  the  storm  pass. 

"  What  a  sudden  change !  between  nightfall  and  morn- 
ing! the  autumn  landscape  has  vanished;  Nature  is  clad  in 
universal  splendor,  a  veil  of  dazzling  white  contrasts  with 
the  azure  sky.  Muddy  roads,  deep  in  mire,  become  icy  and 
solid  ways.    The  alarm  spreads  on  all  sides;   the  master, 


The  ^^ American  Farmer^'  St.  John  De  Orhecoeur.     277 

followed  by  his  people,  hastens  to  the  fields  where  the  cattle 
are,  lets  down  the  bars,  calls  them,  and  counts  them  as  they 
pass  out  The  oxen  and  cows,  taught  by  experience,  can 
find  the  place  where  they  were  fed  last  winter.  The  young 
cattle  follow  them;  all  move  slowly.  The  colts,  hard  to 
catch  while  they  were  at  liberty,  suddenly  become  tamer 
and  more  docile  to  the  hand  that  caresses  them.  The  sheep, 
burdened  with  their  fleeces,  overweighted  by  the  snow,  go 
forward  slowly,  with  continual  bleating  to  show  their  em- 
barrassing fears.  They  are  our  first  care,  and  receive  our 
attention.  Soon  the  horses  are  led  to  their  stalls,  the  cattle 
to  theirs ;  the  others,  according  to  age,  are  placed  in  the 
outhouses  and  in  the  quarters  assigned  to  each.  All  are 
now  in  safety ;  no  need  yet  to  feed  them ;  they  must  feel  the 
sting  of  hunger,  to  eat  of  their  own  accord  the  dry  fodder, 
and  forget  the  grass  that  nourished  them  but  now. 

"  The  watchfiil  eye  of  the  farmer  has  directed  all  this ; 
like  a  good  master  he  has  provided  for  the  security  of  all ; 
no  accident  has  happened.  He  returns  to  the  house  at  last, 
wading  through*  a  depth  of  snow  that  already  fills  the  roads. 
His  clothes,  plain,  but  warm  and  convenient,  are  covered 
with  sleet  and  icicles ;  his  face,  smitten  by  the  wind  and 
snowflakes,  is  red  and  swollen.  His  wife,  delighted  to  see 
him  back  before  nightfall,  congratulates  him,  and  offers  a 
mug  of  cider  spiced  with  ginger.  .  .  .  But  a  trouble 
annoys  them.  The  children  had  been  sent  in  the  morning 
to  a  distant  school ;  the  sun  was  shining  and  no  appearance 
of  snow ;  they  have  not  yet  come  home ;  where  can  they  be  ? 
The  mother  communicates  her  anxieties  to  her  spouse,  who 
already,  in  secret  shared  her  uneasiness ;  he  orders  one  of 
the  negroes  to  go  to  the  school-house  with  Bonny,  the  old, 
faithful  mare,  whose  fruitfulness  has  been  so  useful.  Tom 
obeys  in  haste,  mounts  without  saddle  or  bridle,  and  hurries 
through  snow  and  wind.  The  children  were  at  the  door, 
expecting  impatiently  the  aid  from  home ;  the  schoolmaster 
had  gone  and  left  them.  Soon  as  they  recognize  Tom  the 
"  good  nigger,"  they  utter  cries  of  joy,  which  is  increased 


278      The  ^'American  Farmer''  St.  John  De  Orkvecosur, 

by  the  pleasure  of  going  home  on  horseback.  After  patting 
two  behind,  he  puts  the  third  in  front  Rachel,  the  child  of 
a  poor  widow,  sees,  with  tears  in  her  eyes,  her  companions 
furnished  with  a  horse  and  a  slave ;  it  is  a  cruel  mortifica- 
tion ;  there  are  such  at  every  age.  "  Must  Rachel  stay  here 
alone  ?"  she  cries ;  "  my  mother  hasn't  got  a  horse  nor  a 
servant!"  'Tis  the  first  time  the  child  has  realized  her 
situation,  or  made  such  a  reflection.  The  negro,  touched  by 
her  tears,  and  to  please  his  master's  children,  after  several 
attempts,  puts  her  on  the  neck  of  Bonny." 

So  the  story  goes  on,  showing  how  they  get  safe  home, 
are  brushed  and  warmed  and  fed,  and  go  off  to  bed, — while 
the  father  watches  the  storm,  and  the  negroes  smoke  and 
tell  stories  in  the  kitchen,  etc.  The  details  of  winter  life  in 
a  new  settlement  are  well  given, — a  little  too  diffusely, 
perhaps,  but  showing  what  a  good  observer  St.  John  was. 

The  ten  years  between  St.  John's  landing  in  France,  in 
1790,  and  his  beginning  to  print  his  second  work  in  1800, 
were  troubled  and  dangerous  years  for  him  and  most  of  his 
earlier  friends.  Unable  to  get  an  extended  leave  of  absence 
from  his  consulship,  he  tried  for  a  pension  upon  giving  up 
the  post,  but  his  patrons  were  not  only  out  of  power, — they 
were  exiles  or  prisoners,  or  had  died  under  the  wrath  of  the 
French  people  against  the  'aristocrats.'.  The  Due  de  Roche- 
foucauld had  been  stoned  to  death  at  Gisors ;  Liancourt  had 
fled  to  England,  and  the  once  powerful  and  popular  Lafay- 
ette, whose  reception  in  America  was  enthusiastically  de- 
scribed by  St.  John  in  his  third  volume  of  1787,  had  fled 
from  France  and  was  imprisoned  in  an  imperial  dungeon. 
His  son,  George  Washington  Lafayette  was  met  at  Mount 
Vernon  by  Mr.  Latrobe  in  July  1797,  where  he  was  the  emi- 
grant guest  of  his  god&ther,  while  Lafayette  languished  in 
prison.  Even  Otto,  who  had  been  secure  in  the  foreign 
ofiEice  under  Danton's  clerk,  Deforgues,  was  himself  im- 
prisoned in  1794,  and  unable  to  extend  protection  to  his 
suspected  father-in-law.  At  this  crisis  St.  John  found 
friends  in  the  prosperous  banking  house  of  Col.  Swan  of 


The  ^^ American  Farmer  ^^  St.  John  De  Orkvecoswr.     279 

Boston,  at  whose  noisy  counting-room  he  used  to  write  his 
letters,  under  feigned  names  and  dates  to  his  sons,  ^  Ally '  at 
Hamburg,  in  a  branch  of  Swan's  bank,  and  Louis,  whom  in 
this  year,  1794,  he  had  sent  off  to  America  to  make  his  way 
as  a  pioneer  farmer,  like  his  father,  thirty  years  before. 
From  the  autumn  of  1794  till  April,  1796,  St.  John  himself 
lived  near  his  son  Ally  in  Altoona,  a  suburb  of  Hamburg,—^ 
James  Monroe,  who  reached  Paris  as  American  envoy  in 
the  summer  of  1794,  finding  himself  too  much  embarrassed 
by  his  delicate  situation,  after  the  downfall  of  Robespierre, 
to  repay  to  Otto  and  St.  John  the  services  they  had  rendered 
him,  as  they  thought. 

Returning  to  Paris  in  the  spring  of  1796,  St.  John  found 
he  had  been  elected  a  non-resident  member  of  the  French 
Academy,  in  one  of  its  sections,  and  he  met  with  the  mem- 
bers occasionally.  Later  in  that  year  he  joined  with  Otto 
in  the  purchase  of  a  small  estate  called  Lesches,  near  Meaux, 
and  the  river  Marne,  and  recalled  Louis  from  America  to 
take  part  in  the  farm  labors  there,  while  St.  John  himself 
remained  in  Normandy  with  his  aged  fether,  the  Marquis, 
who  did  not  die  till  1799. 

At  Lesches,  which  Louis  afterwards  left  to  join  the 
French  armies  in  Italy  and  Switzerland,  St.  John  edited  his 
second  work,  already  cited,  with  his  son  William  Alexander, 
(married  in  1798  to  a  lady  of  Normandy)  residing  on  the 
-estate  for  a  time;  while  his  son-in-law  Otto  had  gone  to 
Berlin  as  secretary  to  Sieyes,  ambassador  to  Prussia.  Thence 
he  was  sent  to  England  by  Napoleon,  where  he  made  all 
the  arrangements  for  the  treaty  of  Amiens.  After  his  recall 
from  England,  by  an  intrigue  of  Talleyrand,  (once  more  in 
the  foreign  office  under  Napoleon),  the  First  Consul  sent 
Otto  to  Munich,  to  represent  him  in  the  then  friendly 
country  of  Bavaria.  St.  John  joined  his  son-in-law  there  in 
1806,  and  at  once,  as  in  other  countries  where  he  dwelt  and 
visited,  fell  into  good  society,  and  saw  famous  persons. 
Maximilian  the  Elector,  who  had  made  himself  king,  told 
him  with  what  pleasure  he  had  read  the  American  Farmer's 


280       The  ^^ American  Farmer''  St.  John  Be  Orheccmr. 

Letters,  and  invited  him  to  dinner.  It  was  not  in  the  court 
circle,  however,  but  among  the  men  of  science,  with  whom 
Count  Rumford  had  lived  familiarly,  years  before,  that  St, 
John  found  himself  most  at  home.  He  admired  the  apti- 
tude of  the  Bavarians  for  art  and  the  sciences,  in  which  they 
have  since  become  so  distinguished.  "There  is  here  in 
Munich,"  he  wrote,  "  an  endowment  of  talent,  which  only 
needs  a  corresponding  endowment  of  research  to  show  itself 
highly  productive.  I  have  taken  the  liberty  to  speak  to  the 
king  about  this,  as  often  as  with  propriety  I  could  do  it." 
The  results  are  now  seen  everywhere  in  Bavaria. 

Mme.  D'Houdetot,  upon  St  John's  return  to  New  York, 
early  in  1787,  said  to  him,  a  few  days  before  he  left  her 
country  house  at  Sannois  for  L'Orient : 

**  My  friend,  you  are  leaving  your  two  dear  boys  here,  and  you  know 
my  fondness  for  these  young  sufferers  by  the  calamities  of  war.  From 
now  until  you  come  back,  I  will  adopt  them  ;  I  desire  that  they  should 
love  and  consider  me  as  their  mamma,  and  hope  they  will  call  me  by 
that  name.  We  shall  correspond  frequently.  Every  Thursday  I  will 
take  them  to  dine  with  Mr.  Jefferson  ;  every  Sunday  he  and  your  boys 
shall  dine  with  me ;  when  convenient  I  will  take  them  to  the  theatre. 
They  are  at  school,  but  they  shall  spend  all  their  vacation  ?nth  me, 
whether  I  remain  here  at  Sannois,  or  go  to  the  Marais  or  to  Mereville." 

She  kept  her  word  and  was  most  gratefully  remembered 
by  St.  John  at  her  death  in  1813,  at  the  age  of  82. 

Like  this  famous  woman,  St  John  was  very  faithful  in 
his  friendships.  He  had  received  many  civilities,  and  no 
doubt  his  fortunes  had  been  advanced  at  the  hands  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Quakers,  of  whom  he  always  spoke  well. 
They  were  quite  in  the  way  of  being  Tories  during  the 
Revolution, — at  least  the  older  Quakers, — and  Brissot,  when 
he  turned  against  his  friend  St.  John,  accused  him  of  having 
been  a  Tory  too,  and  very  much  afraid  that  secret  would  be 
revealed  to  his  American  finends.  Probably  he  did  not  at 
first  take  sides  with  the  patriots;  but  after  the  defeat  of 
Burgoyne  was  followed  by  the  French  alliance,  he  left  no 
doubt  on  which  side  his  sympathies  were.    His  long  sojourn 


The  ^^ American  Farmer^'  St.  John  De  Orhecosur.     281 

at  Nantucket,  where  the  Quakers  were  averse  to  the  ap- 
proaching war,  gives  color  to  the  story  that  he  hoped  for  a 
peaceful  solution  of  the  quarrel,  as  many  of  the  good  patriots 
did.  In  his  French  edition  of  the  "  Letters,"  he  has  some 
anecdotes  of  the  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware  Quakers  which 
do  not  appear  in  the  English  book.  One  of  these  chapters 
has  much  to  say  of  Warner  Mifflin  and  the  Vinings  of 
Delaware,  and  of  the  illustrious  Quaker  of  French  par- 
entage, Anthony  Benezet,  one  of  the  first  abolitionists  in 
America. 

Returning  from  Munich  in  1809,  St.  John  renewed  his 
acquaintance  with  Mme.  D'Houdetot,  with  Volney,  and 
other  ante-Revolutionary  friends.  By  this  time,  too,  his 
granddaughter  had  grown  up  and  was  soon  married  to  a 
rising  man  of  public  affairs,  the  Baron  Pelet  de  la  Loz^re, 
then  attached  to  the  Council  of  State,  (bom  1785,  died  1871) 
and  afterwards  prefect,  deputy,  peer,  and  twice  minister  of 
state  under  Louis  Philippe.  This  marriage  occurred  in 
1812,  and  proved  a  fortunate  one;  but  at  that  very  time  oc- 
curred the  disastrous  retreat  from  Russia,  in  which  Louis 
St.  John,  the  son  who  had  lived  in  Boston  and  New  Jersey, 
nearly  lost  his  life.  He  had  long  been  in  Napoleon's  army, 
— ^in  Italy  under  Massena,  and  elsewhere,  and  now  in  1812- 
13,  he  was  subjected  to  the  horrors  of  the  battle  of  Beresina, 
and  the  winter  retreat  to  Wilna  in  Poland.  Writing  to  his 
father  from  Leipzig,  (March  10,  1813),  Louis  said: 

<< I  am  quite  well,  and  all  my  wounds  are  healed.  I  can  only  thank 
the  Almighty  for  having  so  happily  escaped  the  terrible  destiny  that 
seemed  \p  await  me,  especially  when  I  had  been  stripped  by  the  Cos- 
sacks at  Wilna.  I  was  in  such  a  state  of  misery  and  weakness  that  I 
could  neither  fly  nor  fight ;  and  I  was  incapable  of  enduring  their  harsh 
treatment,  had  I  remiuned  in  the  power  of  those  barbarians.  No  wonder 
I  was  so  reduced ;  I  had  passed  many  icy  nights  in  the  open  air  irithout 
rest  or  sleep,  in  fear  of  freezing.  If  I  closed  my  eyes,  for  an  instant,  I 
opened  them  without  being  refireshed,  and  was  usually  waked  by  hunger. 
You  know,  father,  that  hunger,  like  sleep,  is  irresistible ;  you  had  occa- 
sion to  find  this  out  in  the  American  wilderness.  I  was  so  horribly 
wretched,  so  covered  with  vermin,  my  beard  of  such  a  length,  that  I  had 


282      The  ^^ American  Farmer'^  St.  John  De  Orhecoeur. 

only  a  distant  resemblance  to  a  human  being,  as  some  of  my  comrades 
have  since  told  me.  For  all  that,  I  was  never  so  happy  in  my  life  as 
when  I  escaped  from  Wilna.  I  dragged  myself  along,  half  frozen,  with- 
out gloves,  sticking  my  hands  in  my  pockets,  the  only  place  where  they 
could  get  a  bit  of  warmth.  In  such  a  disaster,  everybody  thinks  only  of 
himself.  Had  I  fallen  on  the  high  road,  nobody  would  have  stooped  to 
pick  me  up ;  and  probably  I  showed  myself  just  as  indifferent  towards 
more  than  one  who  needed  my  aid.  On  the  march  or  in  bivouac  we 
were  so  exasperated  by  suffering  that  every  one  shied  off  to  hide  a  bad 
crust  of  bread  that  he  was  secretly  gnawing." 

When  the  young  officer  reached  headquarters,  and  com- 
municated his  safety,  his  father  said,  "  This  resurrection  of 
Louis  has  made  me  ten  years  younger;"  but  St.  John  was 
already  near  his  end.  He  died  at  Sarcelles,  in  Count  Otto's 
house,  Nov.  12,  1813;  and  by  a  continuance  of  those  errors 
of  date  which  clung  to  his  career  through  life,  he  was 
entered  in  his  death  certificate  as  81  years  old,  when  in  fact 
he  lacked  two  months  and  a  half  of  being  79.  Perhaps  it 
was  this  certificate  which  caused  some  of  his  biographers  to 
speak  of  him  as  born  in  1731.  Others  say,  1738;  the  actual 
date  was  January  31, 1735.  His  obituary  in  the  Journal  of 
the  Empire  called  him  82,  and  spoke  of  him  as  "  Modest 
even  to  humility," — a  quality  rare  in  Frenchmen. 

At  intervals  during  the  century  and  a  quarter  since  St. 
John  began  to  be  known  as  an  author,  under  a  disguised 
name,  he  has  been  recognized  for  what  he  essentially  was, — 
an  artless  writer,  in  spite  of  his  many  innocent  arts  to  escape 
personal  annoyance,  and  as  true  a  philanthropist,  though 
not  so  amply  gifted  with  genius  and  political  wisdom  as  his 
fnends,  Franklin  and  Jeffisrson.  That  singularly  rare  vir- 
tue, unselfish  gratitude,  was  conspicuous  in  him,— ^and  we 
should  hardly  have  heard  of  his  sufferings  on  the  frontier, 
in  the  brutal  prison  of  New  York,  or  among  the  sans  culottes 
of  Paris,  were  it  not  for  the  effusion  of  his  thanks  to  his 
Quaker  friends  in  Pennsylvania,  his  loyalist  and  truly  loyal 
friend,  William  Seaton  of  New  York,  and  the  grandees  of 
France,  who  put  him  in  the  way  of  what  was  the  height  of 
his  ambition, — to  render  useful  service  to  his  two  countries, 


The  ^^ American  Farmer '^  St.  John  De  Orhecceur.     288 

America  and  France,  and  to  benefit  the  mass  of  mankind. 
In  doing  this,  and  almost  without  intending  it,  he  became 
every  now  and  then  an  admirable  writer.  He  saw  man  and 
Nature  cleariy  and  lovingly ;  he  described  what  he  saw  in 
the  first  language  that  occurred  to  him,  and  as  this  was  un- 
tutored and  never  imitated,  it  often  had  the  effect  of  genius. 
Like  the  receipt  for  good  writing  which  John  Brown's 
*  Paddy '  unconsciously  gave,  St.  John  in  his  diaries  and 
letters  was  "  afther  others,  and  niver  afther  himself  at  all,  at 
all."  If  he  did  not,  like  Brown,  rise  in  high  moments  into 
true  eloquence  or  the  conciseness  of  Thucydides,  it  was 
the  fault  of  his  two  vernaculars, — ^the  diffiise  English  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  and  the  late-acquired  French  prose, 
which  is  more  favorable  to  the  sententiousness  of  wit  than 
that  of  profound  wisdom.  But  even  so,  his  French  niay 
outlast,  in  its  best  examples,  the  posing  rhetoric  of  Chateau- 
briand, and  all  but  the  highest  flights  of  Danton  and  Mira- 
beau.  Far  inferior  in  sustained  elegance  and  descriptive 
charm  to  the  prose  of  St  Pierre,  it  has  now  and  then  all  the 
unforeseen  grace  and  native  strength  which  authors  by  pro- 
fession so  generally  lack. 

Having  dealt  in  his  first  series  of  Letters  chiefly  with  the 
scenery  of  the  northeastern  colonies  and  infant  States, 
though  he  had  introduced  visits  to  Carolina  and  Bermuda, 
St.  John,  while  weathering  the  storms  of  the  French  Revo- 
lution, seems  to  have  thought  it  proper,  in  a  new  series  to 
take  up  the  condition,  natural  advantages  and  social  habits 
of  the  southern  and  western  States,  the  Indian  tribes,  and 
Canada.  He  therefore  pieced  together  and  began  to  print 
at  Paris  in  1800,  a  new  three-volume  work  to  which  he  gave 
the  title  of  "  A  Journey  in  Upper  Pennsylvania,"  though 
little  of  it  was  devoted  to  that  backwoods  country  as  he  had 
known  it.  Probably  the  life  of  his  son  Louis  as  a  pioneer 
in  a  part  of  that  region  may  have  suggested  this  chapter. 
But  presently  he  turned  to  other  topics,  and  tells  a  long 
story  about  a  Carolina  planter,  an  old  man,  Mr.  Bull  by 
name,  who  had  left  his  home  on  the  Saluda  river  and  moved 


284      The  ^^ American  Farmer'^  St.  John  De  Oriveeceur. 

northward  through  the  moan  tain  region  with  his  family  and 
slaves  in  1778,  to  avoid  the  raids  of  the  Tories  and  savages, 
such  as  St.  John  had  sought  to  avoid  in  1779. 

They  planted  crops  each  year,  hunted  for  game,  and  fed 
their  cattle  and  horses  on  the  rich  pasturage  of  the  bottom- 
lands.    St.  John  makes  him  say : 

**  Alone  in  the  midst  of  these  vast  solitudes  we  had  for  witnesses  of 
our  labor  only  the  sweet  melodious  meadow-lark,  the  jay,  the  chattering 
boblincoln,  the  tufted  starling,  the  bold  king-bird,  the  shrill  whistling 
cat-bird,  and  the  thrushes  with  their  gentle,  harmonious  notes.  These 
birds,  with  the  mock-bird,  ignorant  of  the  destructive  power  of  man  were 
constantly  about  us,  and  seemed  to  view  us  ?nth  curiosity  rather  than 
terror.  Every  evening,  as  soon  as  the  sun  set,  great  flocks  of  cranes 
rose  slowly,  in  r^ular  and  majestic  spirals  to  a  great  height,  as  if  to 
catch  the  last  glimpse  of  the  sun,  whose  rays  sometimes  glanced  on  their 
whitish  fdngs  and  met  our  eyes  as  we  watched  them.  They  soon  came 
down  again  in  the  same  order  and  as  silently  in  the  places  they  had  just 
left.  This  spectacle  occurred  almost  daily  when  the  sky  was  dear,  and 
lasted  more  than  half  an  hour.  In  this  lovely  solitude  we  passed  our 
first  winter.  I  built  a  spacious,  comfortable  cabin  at  the  foot  of  one  of 
the  largest  oaks  I  ever  saw  ;  and  in  this  my  two  daughters  gave  birth  to 
the  two  grandsons  whom  you  see  here  ?nth  me.  In  memory  of  their 
birthplace  I  gave  them  the  name  of  Pacolet  and  Nawassa,  the  streams  at 
whose  confluence  I  had  built  my  cabin.'' 

This  was  near  the  Broad  river,  a  few  miles  south  of  North 
Carolina;  for  the  topography  of  St.  John  is  confirmed  by  his 
contemporary.  Dr.  Morse.  The  second  winter  he  was  near 
the  headwaters  of  the  Yadkin  river ;  the  third  near  those  of 
the  river  Dan,  not  far  from  a  mountain  called  Ararat.  In 
that  region  were  the  Carolina  Moravians  at  Wachovia, 
whose  chief  town,  Salem,  corresponding  to  Bethlehem  in 
Pennsylvania,  is  still  inhabited  by  these  pious  people.  The 
old  Noah  of  this  modern  Ararat  went  on  to  say, — 

"During  the  four  years  of  my  pilgrimage  I  think  I  must  have 
traversed  600  miles,  without  any  of  my  household  being  ill  a  single 
day, — so  salubrious  are  our  mountains.  It  was  time,  however,  for 
peace  to  be  made,  and  our  endurance,  our  courage  and  our  clothes 
were  getting  worn  out.  Finally,  in  May,  1782  I  returned  to  my  plan- 
tation on  the  Saluda,  which  two  old  servants  had  not  been  able  to  protect 


The  ^^ American  Farmer^'  St.  John  De  Orhecomr,     285 

from  pillage.  Great  was  their  joy  to  see  us  come  back  in  good  health, 
and  with  an  increase  of  the  family  of  seven  children,  two  white  and 
five  black, — together  with  54  young  cattle." 

In  the  moral  virtues  St  John  seems  to  have  been  a  mojiel, 
which  can  seldom  be  said  of  Frenchmen  who  have  not 
sincerely  devoted  themselves  to  religion.  His  great  grand- 
son and  biographer  Robert  St  John  de  Cr^vecoeur,  a  Roman 
Catholic,  says  of  him : 

''He  believed  firmly  in  God  and  in  the  immortality  of  the  soul ;  his 
poetic  and  enthusiastic  spirit  adored  the  Creator  in  his  works ;  but  a 
long  residence  among  American  Protestants  had  detached  him  firom  the 
true  Church,  and  the  railing  skepticism  of  the  Houdetot  circle  at  last  ex- 
tinguished the  faith  of  his  youth.  .  .  .  Profoundly  honorable,  and 
devoted  to  his  country, — intelligent  and  practical  in  talent,  unwearied 
in  bringing  things  to  the  use  and  love  of  the  people ;  in  literature  sincere 
and  of  good  intention  ;  he  added  to  the  good  fortune  of  achieving  some 
good  in  the  world,  a  merit  very  rare  among  his  contemporaries,  of  never 
doing  any  harm." 

This  is  rather  reserved  praise,  but  it  is  also  deserved,  as 
much  encomium  of  our  ancestors  oftentimes  is  not, — ^their 
chief  merit  in  our  eyes  having  been  to  have  made  room  for 
ourselves.  St  John  has  made  them  better  known  to  their 
descendants ;  and  if  he  has  complimented  them  too  highly, 
as  his  countrymen  sometimes  said,  it  was  through  his  inex- 
haustible optimism  and  good  nature,  which  neither  the 
French  Revolution  nor  the  approach  of  old  age  could  quite 
overcome.  This  did  not  prevent  him  from  seeing  that  evils 
existed,  and  that  they  proceeded  from  evil  men.  In  his 
account  of  our  backwoodsmen,  "frontiersmen,"  he  calls 
them,  and  of  slavery  in  Carolina,  his*  English  pages  differed 
a  little  from  the  later-written  French  version,  and  in  some 
respects  softened  the  picture. 

In  preparing  this  account  of  a  man  too  little  known,  I 

^St.  John  had  visited  Charleston  and  Georgetown,  S.  C,  before  the 
Revolution.  He  had  a  distaste  for  the  lawyers  there,  and  was  shocked 
at  the  slavery.  His  chapter  on  Warner  Mifflin  has  much  to  say  against 
slavery,  even  in  Delaware  and  Pennsylvania. 


286       37i€  ^^ American  Farmer'^  St.  John  De  Orivecomr. 

have  been  much  indebted  to  Mr.  S.  O.  Todd  of  St.  Johns- 
bury  Centre,  through  whom  the  American  public  have  been 
brought  into  communication  with  the  representatives  of  the 
St.  John  family  in  Paris.  These  are  the  widow  of  Robert 
St  John,  Madame  Marie  de  Crfevecoeur,  and  her  three  chil- 
dren, of  whom  the  eldest  is  Lionel  de  Crevecoeur,  by  whose 
kindness  the  engraving  of  Pine  Hill  Farm  has  been  obtained. 
Their  residence  is  120  Rue  Longchamps,  Paris,  and  the 
only  purchasable  copies  of  the  biography  so  often  cited  are 
in  their  control. 


Extracts  from  the  Journal  of  Rev.  Andreas  Sandel.     287 


BXTKACTS  FROM  THE  JOURNAL  OF  REV.  ANDREAS 
SANDEL,  PASTOR  OF  "GLORIA  DEI"  SWEDISH 
LUTHERAN    CHURCH,    PHILADELPHIA,  1702-1719. 

[The  Journal  of  Bev.  Andreas  Sandel  begins  with  the  date  of  his 
departure  from  Sweden,  August  21,  1701,  to  his  return,  November  25, 
1719,  and  contains  the  narrative  of  his  voyage  to  Maryland,  his  labors 
as  pastor  of  Giaria  Dei  congregation,  Philadelphia,  and  incidents  of  his 
return  voyage,  and  taking  charge  of  the  congregation  at  Hedemora, 
Sweden.  The  original  Swedish  MS.  is  entitled  ''Brief  Review  of  my 
Journey  to  West  India,  August  24,  1701,''  and  has  been  translated  by 
B.  Elfoing,  of  Stockholm.  The  following  extracts  relate  to  his  minis- 
terial labors,  while  in  charge  of  Wicacoa  parish,  Philadelphia. 

Andreas  Sandel,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Upsala,  Sweden,  was 
ordiuned  July  18,  1701,  by  Archbishop  Dr.  Eric  Benzelius,  and  the 
following  day  started  for  Stockholm,  to  procure  his  passports  and 
recommendatory  letters,  before  sailing  for  America.  After  spending 
some  weeks  in  London,  he  engaged  a  passage  on  the  ship  Josiah,  which 
set  sail  November  18,  1701,  and  reached  her  destination.  Herring  Bay, 
Calvert  County,  Maryland,  late  in  February  1702.  Here  he  engaged  a 
shallop  which  conveyed  him  to  Bohemia,  where  he  landed  March  10. 
Sandel  took  leave  of  his  congregation  June  25,  1719,  and  ?nth  his  wife 
and  two  children  sailed  for  Sweden.  He  married  Mary,  a  daughter  of 
Peter  and  Maria  Matson,  who  was  bom  in  1682,  at  Mantua  Creek,  West 
Jersey,  and  died  in  Sweden  in  1739.  Her  husband  survived  her  five 
years.] 

1702  March  11th. — ^Bohemia  where  we  landed  yesterday. 
In  company  with  a  mate  I  went  to  New  Caatle  on  horse- 
back, but  my  packages  were  sent  on  to  this  [Delaware]  bay, 
which  reaches  as  far  as  Philadelphia.  In  the  evening  ar- 
rived at  Christina,  where  Magister  Bjiirk  *  was  living.     From 

^Eric  BJorky  of  Westmania,  Sweden,  was  ordained  at  Upsala,  in 
October  of  1696.  He  sailed  from  London  in  February  1697,  and  after  a 
voyage  of  ten  weeks  the  ship  arrived  at  her  port  in  Maryland,  when  he 
set  out  for  Philadelphia,  which  he  reached  June  30,  1697.  He  was 
first  assigned  to  the  congregation  at  Cranehook,  and  later  to  Christina 
parish  on  the  Brandy  wine.  In  1713  he  was  appointed  Provost  of  the 
Swedish  churches  in  America,  successor  to  Provost  Rudman.  He  was 
recalled  to  Sweden  in  1714.     His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Peter  Stalcop. 


288    Extracts  frimi  the  Journal  of  Rev.  Andreas  Sandel. 

here  Mag.  Bjork  sent  a  note  with  Mons  Gioding,  (who 
came  to  Mag.  Bjork's  immediately  upon  having  learned  of 
my  arrival),  to  notify  Mag.  Rudman.* 

March  17. — Came  Mons  Gioding  with  H.  Tollstadius ;  * 
the  latter  informed  me  that  he  was  engaged  by  the  Wicacoa 
parish  to  !•*  of  May. 

March  18. — ^I  accompanied  H.  Tollstadius  to  Phila- 
delphia, 38  English  miles,  and  reached  there  that  night, 
when  I  showed  Magister  Rudman  my  passports  and  com- 
mendatory letters.  Notwithstanding  Tollstadius  had  been 
engaged  to  May  1st,  Mag.  Budman  thought  it  advisable  for 
me  to  enter  upon  my  charge  as  Rector,  and  asked  me  to 
preach  on  Palm  Sunday.  Accordingly,  I  returned  next 
day,  as  Mag.  Bjork's  lodgings  were  too  small,  and  rented  a 
room  close  by,  in  the  house  of  a  widow,  where  I  remained 
eight  days. 

March  21. — On  this.  Palm  Sunday,  I  preached  my  first 
sermon.  At  the  close  of  the  service,  my  passports  and  com- 
mendatory letters  were  read  to  the  parish  from  the  green 
sward  outside  of  the  church-gate,  and  in  the  name  of  the 
Lord,  I  succeeded  Mag.  Rudman.  Afterwards  the  Elders 
and  prominent  members  shook  me  by  the  hand,  bid  me 
welcome,  and  expressed  their  thanks  for  my  willingness  to 
undertake  such  a  long  voyage  in  their  behalf. 

^Andrtfu  Budman,  of  Grestricia,  Norrland,  first  ProvoBt  of  the  Swedish 
Churches  on  the  Delaware,  arrived  in  1697,  with  his  assistant  Eric 
Bj5rk.  Three  years  later  his  health  began  to  fail,  owing  to  pul- 
monary trouble,  and  it  was  with  difficulty  that  he  filled  his  duties. 
Andreas  Bandel  was  then  sent  in  1702  to  assist  him,  and  on  July 
19,  he  preached  his  farewell  sermon  at  ''Gloria  Dei.*'  Thinking 
that  a  change  ot  climate  would  prove  beneficial,  he  went  to  New  York 
to  take  charge  of  the  congregation  there,  but  it  was  too  much  of  an 
undertaking  for  him  and  he  returned  to  Philadelphia,  and  took  charge 
of  the  congr^ation  at  Oxford,  until  his  death  September  17,  1708. 
His  associate  Eric  Bjork,  preached  his  funeral  sermon  in  "Gloria 
Dei"  upon  the  text  Ps.  73.  24.     He  left  a  wife  and  two  daughters. 

*Lar8  IblUtadius,  who  intruded  his  services  and  gave  it  out  that  he 
was  appointed  instead  of  Sandel.  He  was  exposed  and  dismissed  from 
the  service  of  the  congregation. 


Hztracts  from  the  Journal  of  Bev.  Andreas  Sandd.    289 

As  I  could  not  be  accomodated  at  Mag.  Rudman's  or  ex- 
pect the  congregation  to  provide  lodgings  for  me  at  once, 
I  rented  a  room  with  board  at  the  house  of  a  doctor  of 
medicine,  named  Hober,  in  Philadelphia,  where  the  English 
clergymen  also  rented  rooms  with  board,  at  12  shillings  per 
week. 

AprU  1, — ^I  bought  of  Mag.  Rudman  his  small  watch  for 
£7.  10  •*•  equivalent  to  £11.  Penna.  money.  The  English 
clergymen  invited  me  to  accompany  them  to  the  prominent 
English  people  of  the  town,  in  order  to  become  acquainted 
with  them. 

April  20. — ^Bid  farewell  to  Dr.  Hober,  and  took  up  my 
residence  at  the  Rectory,  Passyunk,  and  arranged  for 
board  with  the  widow  Maier,  relect  of  A.  Rambo. 

April  S9. — Commenced  to  instruct  her  son  Peter  in  his 
school  and  religious  lessons. 

June  6. — To-day  being  Holy  Trinity  Sunday,  I  visited 
the  home  of  Eric  Keen,  where  many  of  his  neighbors  dined 
with  us,  and  in  the  evening  to  Mats  Keen. 

June  6. — ^Visited  Hans  Laican,  where  Mag.  Bjork  and 
Peter  Rambo  called  during  the  evening. 

June  7. — ^Visited  Lars  Bure  and  home  again  the  same 
night 

June  8. — The  English  clergymen,  with  two  merchants, 
Moore  and  Trent,  cdled  to  see  me. 

June  17. — Wrote  to  Sweden  for  the  first  time :  1.  To  the 
Consistory,  of  the  condition  of  the  parish ;  2.  Describing 
my  voyage  and  this  country;  3.  To  my  brother-in-law 
Mag.  Nybom,  to  G.  N.  and  Olop  B.  Jespre. 

June  20. — ^Bartered  away  my  horse  to  Jean  Kock,  as  he 
had  one  better  than  mine.     I  had  to  give  him  £  4.  14. 

June  21. — Sunday,  I  went  with  Mag.  Rudman  to  Nischa- 
mena,  [Neshamany]  to  baptize  Charles  Jon's  baby. 

JvTie  22. — Tonight  visited  Peter  Rambo. 

June  23. — We  returned  home  on  horseback.  I  left  my 
horse  at  Rambo's,  as  he  was  unfit  to  travel. 

June  28. — ^Brought   my  horse  over  to   Ghtbriel  Kock's 
VOL.  XXX. — 19 


290     Extracts  from  the  Journal  of  Bev.  Andreas  Sandel. 

island,  accompanied  by  Gabriel,  his  brother  Peter  Kock,  and 
Peter  Hainnean.  On  the  island  I  saw  the  remains  of  the 
fort  or  redoubt  the  Swedes  had  built  for  their  protection 
from  the  Dutch;  to  prevent  their  coming  up  the  South 
Fork.  Heard  a  funny  story.  A  person  at  his  brother's  was 
about  to  shoot  a  wild  turkey,  which  a  fox  was  trying  to 
catch,  which  seeing  the  man  hid  among  the  bushes,  and 
supposing  him  to  be  the  turkey,  rushed  headlong  on  the 
man,  who  caught  the  fox  by  the  ears. 

July  1. — ^Went  to  see  Nils  Jonson  to  request  him  to  tell 
his  brother  Jonas,  who  intended  to  marry  an  English  woman, 
Anne  Amesby,  to  request  her  to  procure  a  certificate 
whether  she  had  been  previously  married  or  not,  as  she  had 
come  over  from  England  quite  recently  and  had  been  sold. 

July  S, — Today  the  weather  was  stormy,  with  thunder 
and  lightning,  but  praised  be  God,  no  damage  was  reported. 

July  6, — In  the  Sunday  service  was  read  Mag.  Rudman's 
request  for  a  large  attendance  on  the  19th.,  as  on  that 
occasion  he  intended  to  preach  his  valedictory  sermon. 

July  6. — Came  Mag.  Rudman  to  visit  me  at  Passyunk. 
IJhad  earlier  been  to  town  to  visit  the  English  clergymen,  but 
they  were  engaged  and  could  not  return  with  me.  Mag. 
Rudman  slept  at  my  house. 

July  7. — Early  this  morning  rode  down  to  Christina  to 
see  Mr.  Bjork,  and  ask  his  advice,  if  it  ought  to  be  insisted 
upon  that  the  English  woman  should  wear  the  usual  bridal 
ornaments.  Negabat. 

July  10. — ^The  Queen  of  Denmark,  Prince  George's 
Princess,  was  procldmed  Queen  of  England,  as  she  was  sis- 
ter of  the  late  Elng  James.  It  took  place  at  the  Market 
place,  and  cannons  were  fired. 

July  IS. — ^Prayer  books  were  distributed  after  the  Sun- 
day service. 

July  IS. — Came  Mag.  Bjork  with  his  intended  bride  to 
Mag.  Rudman.  I  called  there  too,  with  Anders  Bengtson 
[a  Lay  reader]  to  consult  on  church  affiiirs. 

July  16. — Walked  from  Passyunk  to  Mag.  Rudmans,  in 


Extracts  from  the  Jokimal  of  Rev.  Andreas  ScmdeL    291 

order  to  again  pay  my  respects  to  Mag.  Bjork.  Mag.  Bad- 
man  and  I  escorted  his  sweetheart  about  the  town,  as  she 
had  not  seen  it  before. 

July  17. — ^Mag.  Bjork  and  I  returned  to  Christina. 

July  18. — ^Returning  from  Mag.  Rudmans  and  Bjorks  to- 
night, the  widow  with  whom  I  board,  informed  me  that 
Aur^n^  had  called  to  see  me,  to  learn  whether  he  could  have 
permission  to  keep  school,  as  he  had  been  told  by  Gtibriel 
Kock's  wife,  I  had  said  the  boy  he  had  with  him  fared 
badly,  a  fact  I  had  made  out  from  the  way  his  bodily  wants 
were  tended,  when  he  had  neither  a  cow  or  sow,  or  a  maid, 
nor  anything  else  requisite.  I  went  to  see  him  the  follow- 
ing night  and  we  talked  the  matter  over,  he  maintaining 
that  my  opinion  came  from  hatred  and  unchristian  feelings, 
and  I  contending  that  there  was  more  of  Christian  love  in 
my  conversation  than  his.  Finally  he  asked  if  he  might 
be  permitted  to  keep  school ;  he  meant  to  keep  to  the  princi- 
ples of  the  Sabbatarians,  and  those  he  intended  to  impart 
to  the  children.  To  this  I  replied,  he  should  not  by  any 
means. 

I  called  there  agidn,  to  make  my  peace  with  him,  as  it 
was  my  intention  tomorrow  to  make  my  peace  with  God. 
When  I  enquired  whether  he  deemed  it  sagacious  to  em- 
brace the  Sabbatarian  principles,  he  retorted  that  we  are 
idolaters  in  claiming  to  have  forgiveness  of  our  sins  by  the 
sacraments. 

Jvly  19. — Mag.  Rudman  today  preached  his  valedictory 
sermon.     Today  was  also  held  confession  and  communion. 

^Bev,  JonoB  Aurtn  of  Wermdand,  Sweden,  accompanied  Budman 
and  Bjork  to  America,  by  direction  of  King  Charles  XI,  particularly  to 
make  a  map  of  the  country  bordering  on  the  Delaware  and  a  description 
of  the  character  and  condition  of  the  settlers.  On  completing  this  work 
he  was  to  return  to  Sweden,  but  learning  of  the  death  of  the  King,  he  de- 
cided to  remain  longer.  He  became  interested  in  the  Sabbatarian  move- 
ment, and  published  an  almanac  in  which  he  gave  his  views,  to  which 
Bjdrk  replied  in  a  tract  in  English.  For  a  short  time  he  labored  among 
the  Indians  at  Conestoga,  at  Elk  Biver,  Maryland,  and  at  Bacoon,  New 
Jersey,  where  he  died  February  17,  1718. 


292    JExtracts  fro7n  the  Journal  of  Rev.  Andreas  Sandel. 

July  SO. — With  Anders  Bengteon  I  called  on  Mag.  Rud- 
man  whom  we  found  preparing  for  his  journey  to  New 
York.  All  three  of  us  went  to  town,  and  there  found  M. 
Thomas  for  whom  Mag.  Rudman  had  written  an  attest,  to 
which  I  added  my  signature.  Peter  Rambo,  Mats  Keen 
and  Eric  Keen  called  in  the  evening;  they  are  to  accom- 
pany him  part  of  the  way.  I  borrowed  a  horse,  and  late 
at  night  we  left  town  for  Hans  Laican's,  fourteen  miles 
distant. 

July  SI. — ^We  rode  in  the  morning  to  Takani  [Tacony] , 
where  an  English  clergyman  was  staying,  and  as  he  was  go- 
ing to  New  York,  he  would  accompany  Mag.  Rudman. 
The  Swedes  in  the  neighborhood  were  visited,  and  all  we 
called  on  escorted  him  to  the  ferry.  From  there  we  all 
returned  to  our  homes,  except  Jones,  the  organist,  who  will 
accompany  him  all  the  way.  I  went  to  Lars  Bure's  and 
staid  there  over  night. 

July  S2 — Jean  Kock  came  to  me  in  the  morning  and  we 
went  together  with  Lars  Bure  and  his  wife  to  Per  Rambo, 
where  after  eating,  he  and  his  wife  went  with  me,  first  to 
Matz  Keen,  who  with  his  wife,  went  to  Eric  Keen,  where 
we  all  had  our  noon  day  meal.  From  thence  I  went  to 
town  to  see  that  Mag.  Rudman's  things  were  taken  to  D. 
Hahl.  That  night  I  returned  to  Passyunk,  soaked  by  a 
steady  shower. 

July  26. — ^Began  to  teach  Jean  Kock's  son. 

July  27. — ^Began  to  teach  Per  Kock's  son  Israel,  Marta 
Kock's  daughter  Deborah  and  son  Gabriel,  and  also  Lars, 
the  son  of  Peter  Kock  Jr. 

July  29. — I  joined  in  marriage  the  first  couple,  viz. 
Jonas  Jonson,  a  Swede,  and  Anne  Amesby,  an  English 
woman,  in  the  English  language. 

August  28. — I  became  very  ill  with  the  ague  and  a  burn- 
ing fever,  continuing  steadily  and  unremittingly  up  to 
Michaelmas,  but  not  leaving  me  for  a  long  while  after- 
wards. 

September  20. — ^In  a  heavy  rain  1  went  down  to  Christina 


Extracts  from  the  Journal  of  Bev.  Andreas  SandeL     298 

to  say  the  banns  for  Mag.  Bjork  and  his  sweetheart  Stina 
Stalkop  who  afterwards  were  joined  in  marriage  October 
6th.  I  was  very  ill  in  the  intervening  time,  especially  did 
I  suflTer  from  a  severe  pain  below  the  breast-bone,  so  it  was 
with  the  very  greatest  difficulty  I  was  able  to  marry  them. 

1703  February  I4.. — The  English  ministers,  with  a  young 
merchant,  visited  me  at  Passyunk,  and  remained  until 
night,  when  they  rode  home  to  town. 

February  S6. — In  the  morning  I  went  to  town  to  accom- 
pany them  to  Frankford,  where  there  is  an  English  church. 
We  went  to  hear  Mr.  Kert  discourse  with  a  heretic,  Wil- 
liam David,  who  did  not  appear.  However,  Mr.  Kert  enu- 
merated his  six  errors.  On  leaving  the  church,  the  Sab- 
batarians came  up  to  Mr.  Kert,  to  discuss  some  texts  he 
had  quoted  in  his  sermon.  One  after  another  asked  per- 
mission to  talk  with  him  of  the  Seventh  day ;  then  Aor^n 
was  called  for,  who  stated  that  if  Mr.  Kert  wished  to  speak 
to  them,  he  was  willing.  Eight  days  later  they  came  to 
town,  (I  was  absent),  but  Mr.  William  David,  the  Sabba- 
tarian minister  and  Aur6n  were  present,  who  took  notes 
of  every  word  spoken  by  Mr.  Kert 

March  23. — In  the  Lord's  name,  I  sowed  Barley-corn  at 
the  rectory,  and  also  1/2  bush,  wheat  From  Anders  Bengt- 
son  I  got  1/2  bush.,  from  Maria  Bambo  1/2  bush.  Mons 
Kock,  the  son  of  Lars,  plowed  and  harrowed  with  my  own 
horses  and  impliments.  A  hard  rain  set  in  at  the  end  of 
the  sowing. 

March  31. — Sowed  1/2  bush,  of  Oats.  I  went  to  preach 
at  Kalkanhuken  [Chester  Co.]  and  after  the  service  Mag. 
Bjork  and  wife  came  there  with  Carl  Springer^  and  thence 
together  we  went  to  Passyunk. 

^  Carl  Chrutophenon  Springer^  a  Swede  by  birth,  whose  mother  was  a 
nurse  of  the  Queen.  While  in  the  service  of  Bev.  John  Leyonberg, 
minister  of  the  Swedish  congregation  in  London,  he  was  seized,  placed 
on  board  a  ship  bound  for  Virginia,  where  he  was  sold  as  a  servant  for 
five  years.  After  the  expiration  of  his  term,  he  traveled  to  his  country- 
men on  the  Delaware,  and  being  an  educated  and  intelligent  man,  was 
appointed  a  magistrate  at  Christina,  and  also  labored  energetically  for 
the  establishment  of  his  church  in  America. 


294     Utirads  fr(ym  the  Journal  of  Rev.  Andreas  SandeL 

April  1. — Today  being  the  fourth  of  the  Easter  holidays, 
Mag.  Bjork  preached  and  administered  the  Communion. 
All  of  us  proceeded  to  Per  Rambo's  after  the  service  and 
stayed  there  overnight.  The  next  day  we  visited  Lars 
Bure,  Matz  Keen,  Eric  Keen,  and  by  night  reached  Pass- 
yunk. 

April  S. — ^Mag.  Bjork  and  I  went  to  Anders  Bengtson. 
After  we  returned  home,  Mag.  Rudman  and  wife  came  to 
visit  me,  to  enable  him  to  complete  his  church  accounts 
and  attend  to  his  private  affairs. 

April  5. — Mag.  Rudman,  Jonas  Binder  and  I  went  down 
to  Christina  to  visit  Mag.  Bjork,  where  we  remained  until 
the  8th.,  and  returned  home  via  Aman's  Land  and  Kalkan- 
huken. 

April  11. — While  walking  to  Church  with  Mag.  Rud- 
man, I  became  quite  ill  and  was  unable  to  preach.  This 
illness  turned  into  pleuresy  in  the  right  side,  and  there 
at  Wicacoa  I  remained  laid  up  until  April  23d. 

[The  diary  contains  no  entries  between  this  date  and 
September  8.] 

September  8. — The  English  clergyman  (Diaconus),  Mr. 
Thomas,  left  for  England  to  be  ordained.  (The  day  before 
his  departure  I  accompanied  him  to  all  the  people  of 
prominence  to  bid  them  farewell.)  Owing  to  the  wind  he 
was  unable  to  cross  the  ferry.  Fortunately  I  met  him, 
loaned  him  one  of  my  horses,  and  went  with  him  to  Ben- 
jamin's ferry,  where  we  met  Mr.  Trent  and  his  wife  who 
also  intended  to  cross,  and  Mr.  Moor's  son,  who  is  to  ac- 
company Mr.  Thomas  to  England.  Here  I  bid  them  fare- 
well. 

[Between  September  IS  and  24,  the  diarist  and  Mag. 
Bjork,  visited  New  York  city.] 

September  24.. — The  night  I  arrived  home,  there  was  a 
fearftil  thunder  storm,  and  three  persons  were  killed. 

September  29. — ^Michaelmas  was  celebrated.  The  night 
before  a  severe  snow  storm  set  in,  and  enough  fell  to  last 
until  noon  of  the  following  day.     It  grew  very  cold  and  no 


Extracts  from  the  Journal  of  Rev.  Andreas  Sandd.     296 

one  in  this  country  can  recollect  such  masses  of  snow  at  this 
time  of  the  year  before. 

October  1, — Just  about  bed  time  a  violent  storm  came  up 
and  the  rain  fell  in  torrents, — nothing  like  it  ever  seen  be- 
fore.    Mag.  Bj6rk  was  visiting  me. 

[No  entries  between  October  1,  1703  and  February  1, 
1704.] 

1704,.  February  1. — In  the  name  of  the  Lord,  I  set  out  to 
offer  myself  in  marriage,  (on  the  other  side  of  the  river)  to 
Maria,  a  daughter  of  the  late  Per.  Matson  (a  Swede),  and 
arrived  there  after  dark. 

February  2. — In  the  morning  I  told  the  object  of  my 
visit,  and  she  sidd  yes^  as  did  her  mother. 

February  9. — ^Arrived  here  the  new  Gk>vemor,  Jean 
Evans,  a  Churchman.  The  banns  were  published  the  first 
time  for  me  and  Maria  Matson's  daughter. 

February  22. — To  Maria,  Per's  daughter,  I  was  married 
in  the  Lord's  name  at  Wicacoa  by  Mag.  Rudman.  The 
Governor  and  a  great  mamy  people  present. 

[No  entries  between  this  date  and  September  6.] 

September  6. — Mans  Kock's  son  Gabriel,  aged  16,  entered 
my  service. 

September  7. — Jean,  my  wife's  brother,  came  to  me  to  be 
educated. 

September  27. — I  went  to  preach  at  a  place  called  Egg 
Harbor,  as  some  Swedes  live  there.  In  crossing  the  river  I 
met  Elias  Tay's  wife,  and  accompanied  her  home. 

September  28. — In  the  morning  Matz  and  Eric  Keen 
came  to  Tay's,  to  accompany  me  a  part  way  on  my  journey, 
but  when  they  learned  that  I  desired  to  visit  all  the  Swedes 
living  thereabouts,  and  did  not  know  the  way  to  Little  Egg 
Harbor,  a  messenger  was  sent  in  the  night  to  MoUicka, 
over  the  river,  where  it  is  said  some  people  there  intended 
to  visit  in  the  same  neighborhood,  and  requested  them  to 
stop  for  us.  About  noon  they  arrived,  and  our  party  con- 
sisted of  Matz  Keen,  Eric  Keen,  Elias  Tay,  Carl  Stellman, 
Olef  MoUicka,  Lars  Kock,  and  an  Englishman,  Abraham 


296     Extracts  from  the  Journal  of  Bev.  Andreas  Sandel. 

Finnie.  Towards  evening  the  horses  of  the  party  who 
joined  us  at  Tay's,  became  tired,  but  still  we  ventured 
further,  and  at  sunset  reached  Little  Egg  Harbor. 

September  29. — I  preached  a  short  sermon  for  those  living 
here,  viz.  Mollicka's  mother,  a  widow,  her  daughter  and 
two  unmarried  sons,  and  a  married  son.  And.  Mollicka. 
No  more  Swedes  were  known  to  live  there — an  English 
family  said  to  live  nearby.  We  left  after  the  service 
(Matz  and  Eric  Keen,  Elias  Tay  and  Carl  Stellman)  and 
went  to  Big  Egg  Harbor,  where  other  Swedes  are  living — 
And.  Mollicka  showed  us  the  way.  We  had  to  cross 
numerous  inlets,  there  was  no  beaten  track,  there  was 
plenty  of  brushwood,  besides  swarms  of  mosquitoes  that 
molested  us.  As  we  approached  the  sea,  we  saw  vast 
meadows.  We  reached  our  destination  after  dark.  Eng- 
lish people  and  Swedes  live  here  on  the  fast  land.  I  was 
the  guest  of  Jonas  Stellman,  Elias  Tay's  brother  in  law,  the 
others  at  Peter  Stellmans. 

October  1. — I  preached  at  the  house  of  Qirsta  Fisk,  a 
Swede,  and  thither  gathered  all  the  Swedes,  and  as  there 
were  some  English  also  present,  I  made  some  remarks  in 
their  language.  After  the  service  I  baptized  10  children,  5 
Swedish  and  5  English. 

October  2. — ^In  company  with  Elias  Tay,  Matz  and  Eric 
Keen,  I  went  down  to  the  beach,  as  they  call  it,  a  dainty 
and  hard  sandy  shore,  with  turtles,  [Qt^^ry-Terrapin]  in 
plenty.  This  region  abounds  in  birds  and  fish, — ^the  latter 
can  be  caught  in  Summer  and  Winter  alike, — and  oysters 
too,  on  which  we  dined.  To-day  I  baptized  2  English 
in&nts. 

October  S. — ^Early  in  the  morning  we  started  for  home,  60 
miles  distant.  We  reached  Elias  Tay's  just  as  the  day  be- 
gan waning.  The  woods  we  passed  through  was  40  miles 
in  length. 

October  ^. — ^Back  again  at  Passyunk.  Pro  felici  itinere 
sit  Deo  laus ! 

October  IB. — With  Giosta  Giostason,  a  Swede,  and  Daniel 


Extracts  jrcm.  the  Journal  of  Bev.  Andreas  Sandd.     297 

Falckner,  a  German,  I  went  to  Mahanataning  [Manar 
tawny]  where  the  Swedes  have  10,000  acres  of  land.  Mans 
Jonson  has  taken  up  his  residence  there.  We  reached 
Gunnar  Rambo,  at  Matson's,  the  first  day. 

October  jffi.— Journeying  along  we  came  to  Mahanatan- 
ing. 

October  17. — ^Went  looking  about  the  country. 

October  18. — ^Home  again  after  dark,  exposed  to  a  hard 
rain  and  high  wind. 

November  ^. — ^I  went  down  to  Christina,  to  administer  the 
Communion  to  Mag.  Bjork  and  his  wife.  I  also  preached 
there,  the  English  minister,  Mr.  Evans,  preached  in  my 
stead  at  Wicacoa. 

November  IS. — ^With  Giosta  Giastason's  son  Jean,  went 
down  to  Christina,  where  he  was  married  to  Peter  Stackos' 
daughter. 

November  IS. — ^Returned  to  Giosta's  house,  where  my 
wife  had  arrived  earlier,  and  late  the  same  evening,  I 
started  for  home  alone,  as  my  wife  goes  to  Peter  Rambos'. 

November  24. Snow  began  to  fidl  occasionally  about  this 

date,  the  Winter  setting  in  earnestly. 

1706.    January  H ^A  violent  snow  storm  all  the  night 

through — at  midnight  there  was  sharp  thunder  with  flashes 
of  lightning. 

December  26 On  Christmas  Day  the  weather  bitterly 

cold. 

1706.     March  S Changes  in  the  monetary  system  took 

place,  and  many  other  enactments  to  go  into  effect  on  10th 
inst     Warm  weather  and  grass  begins  to  shoot. 

March  12 ^Mag.  Rudman  and  wife  visited  us  and  re- 
mained over  night. 

March  14.. — ^Mr.  ToUstadius  remained  over  night,  also 
Jean  Shute,  who  laid  the  floor  in  the  kitchen. 

March  16. — The  English  minister,  Mr.  Klubb,  and  Mr. 
Thomas,  a  merchant,  made  me  a  visit 

May  8. — Two  English  ministers,  Mr.  Evans  and  wife, 
and  Mr.  Moersie,  from  New  York,  visited  me.     With  Mr. 


298     Extracts  from  the  Journal  of  Rah  Andreas  Sandel. 

Rudman  and  wife  I  went  down  to  Christina,  to  commune 
Mr.  Bjork. 

May  16. — ^While  at  Christina  it  waa  rumored  that  the 
French  were  at  the  Capes  and  had  invaded  Hookilen.  All 
the  towns  on  the  river  were  much  aggitated.  In  Philadel- 
phia the  excitement  was  very  great,  and  the  people  armed 
themselves.  The  Quakers  with  their  families  and  goods, 
fled  to  the  woods.  Gov.  Evans  gathered  all  the  soldiers 
built  earthworks  and  placed  a  few  cannon.  A  sloop  from 
Hookilen,  brought  word  that  the  rumor  was  false. 

[No  entries  for  the  year  1707.] 

1708.  January  20.  I  was  taken  sick  with  pains  below 
the  breast,  in  the  back,  and  every  one  of  my  limbs,  and  did 
not  regain  my  health  for  three  weeks.  It  has  been  very 
sickly  in  Philadelphia  this  Winter  and  many  have  died. 
This  has  been  a  severe  Winter  too. 

March  S6. — ^Water  froze  hard  today.  One  of  my 
parishoners,  who  went  out  to  cut  wood,  took  some  small 
beer  in  an  earthen  jug,  and  when  he  wished  to  use  it,  found 
that  it  had  frozen  solid. 

August   IS Together  with    some   Swedes    I  went  to 

Mahanating,  where  I  preached  and  catechized  the  people. 

September  S7 ^With  some  Swedes,  I  visited  Egg  Harbor. 

November  1 ^A  meeting  was  arranged  by  Mr.  Boss,  the 

English  minister,  and  a  Sabbatarian,  William  Davis,  for  a 
discussion.  Mr.  Ross  invited  me  to  accompany  him.  No 
satisfactory  arrangement  as  to  the  discussion  being  agreed 
upon,  it  did  not  take  place. 

December This  month  42  high  Germans  came  to  Mar- 

atz  [?]  among  them  15  were  Lutherans,  and  they 
brought  with  them  a  minister,  Joshua  Kockerthal.  They 
settled  near  Albany,  where  the  Queen  of  England,  among 
other  acts  of  benevolence,  has  granted  them  ground,  and 
permission  to  build  a  Church. 

1709.  January  31 ^We  have  a  new  Governor,  Charles 

Gookin,  an  Irishman,  sent  by  Mr.  Penn. 

May  14. — The  Governor  in  Maratz  died.     Soon  after  his 


Extracts  from  the  Journal  of  Rev.  Andreas  Sandel.     299 

arrival,  about  OhristmaB,  the  former  Governor,  My  Lord 
Comberry  was  arrested  for  debt,  although  a  great  Lord  and 
related  to  the  Queen  of  England. 

Late  in  May  there  was  a  great  hurricane  pass  over  the 
town,  doing  much  damage  to  houses  and  chimneys. 

June  7 ^I  left  Passyunk  with  my  wife  and  children,  to 

make  a  home  at  our  own  place  at  Benjamin's  Ferry,  where 
I  have  built  a  house. 

At  the  end  of  this  month,  the  French  plundered  Hoorky- 
lelen,  [Lewes  ?]  taking  money,  goods  and  cattle. 

Li  the  middle  of  July  the  heat  was  intense,  with  a  long 
drought,  drying  up  every  thing  planted  in  the  soil,  corn  as 
well  as  buckwheat 

JvXy  SI. — The  men  here  were  mustered  in,  to  be  in  readi- 
ness to  meet  the  French,  who,  now  for  the  second  time, 
have  been  up  the  bay  as  far  as  Duck  Creek. 

(To  be  oontinued) 


800  Americans  First  Oreat  Library. 


THE  FIfiST  BOOKS  IMPORTED  BY  AMERICA'S  FIRST' 
GREAT  LIBRARY  :  1732. 

BY  ALBERT  J.  EDMUNDS. 

This  list,  with  the  subsequent  minute  of  explanation,  has 
been  copied  frora  the  MS.  Minutes  of  the  Library  Company 
of  Philadelphia,  through  the  kindness  of  George  Maurice 
Abbot  The  Minutes  be^n  at  November  8,  1731.  They 
were  copied  and  continued  by  Francis  Hopkinson  in  1759, 
the  actual  date  of  the  extant  MS. 

*  ABterisks  denote  books  not  secured  at  the  first  purchase.  See 
below.    A.J.  E. 

March,  17S2. 
Puftendorf  s  LitrodV     8*. 

♦  Dr.  Howel's  History  of  ye  World  3  Vol'.  F*. 
Rapin's  History  of  England.  12  VoP.  8*. 

♦  Salmon's  Modern  History. 
Vertot's  Revolutions. 
Plutarch's  Lives  in  Small  Vol.' 
Stanley's  Lives  of  ye  Philosophers. 
Annals  of  Tacitus  by  Gordon. 

♦  Collection  of  Voyages,  6  Vol'. 
Atlas  Geogra :  5  Vol'.  4to. 
Gordon's  Gramar. 
Brightiand's  Engl.  Grammar. 
Greenwood's  D*. 

♦  Johnson's  History  of  Animals. 
Architect :  by  Andw  Palladio. 

♦  Evelyns  Parallel   of   the   ancient  and    modern   Archi- 

tecture. 

^  The  first  American  Library  was  that  of  Harrard  College  (1638)  and 
the  second  the  old  public  library  of  New  York  (1700),  now  known  as 
the  New  York  Society  library.  But  the  former  was  a  college  library, 
not  a  public  one,  while  the  latter  was  dispersed  by  the  Rerolution,  and 
had  to  be  begun  all  over  again  after  the  peace.  The  Philadelphia 
Library  persisted. 


America's  Mrst  Oreat  Library.  801 

Bradley'B    Improvemts    of   Huflbandry    and    his   other 
Books  of  Gkurdening. 

Perkinson's  Herbal. 

Helvicus's  Chronology. 

Wood's  Institutes. 

Dechale's  Euclid. 

L'Hospital's  Conic  Sections  4to. 

Hayes  upon  Fluxions. 

Keil's  Astronomical  Lectures. 

Drake's  Anatomy. 

Sidney  on  Government 

Cato's  Letters. 

Sieurs  Du  Port  Royal  Mor*  Essays. 

Crousaz's  Art  of  Thinking. 

Spectators. 

Guardians. 

Tatiers. 

Puffendorf  s  Law  of  Nature  &c. 

Addison's  Works  in  12mo. 

Memorable  Things  of  Socrates. 

Turkish  Spy. 

Abridgm*  of  Phil:  Trans.  5  Vol'.  4to. 

Gravesend's  Nat :  Philos  :  2  Vol'.  8vo. 

Boerhaave's  Chymistry. 

The  Compleat  Tradesman. 

Bailey's  Dictionary — ^the  best. — 

Homer's  Iliad  and  Odyssey. 

Bayle's  Critical  Dictionary. 

Dryden's  Virgil. 

Ozanam's  Course  of  Mathem. :  5  Vol'. 

Catalogues. 

[For  books  added  later,  see  end.] 

[Signed]  Thomas  Godfrbt. 

William  Parsons 
Philip  Syno,  Jun" 
Bbn:  Franklin 
Anthony  Nicholas 
Robert  Gracb 


802  Americans  Firsi  Great  Library. 

November  U,  17S2. 

By  Capt  Comock  from  London  the  Company^s  Books 
arrived  the  latter  End  of  October,  with  Letters  and  Cata- 
logae  &c.  from  Thomas  HopMnson  in  good  Order.  But 
some  of  the  Books  sent  for  were  omitted,  as  being  oat  of 
Print  or  dear;  and  others  which  were  cheap  and  usefril 
added  by  F.  Hopkinson  who  gives  good  Reasons  for  both 
in  the  Margin  of  the  Catalogue  and  in  his  Letter  to  me, 
and  informs  the  Directors  he  had  the  Advice  of  T :  Cad- 
wallader  and  P.  Oollinson  in  this  negociation;  and  that 
Peter  Collinson  had  given  him  great  Assistance,  and  had 
moreover  made  the  Company  a  Present  of  two  valuable 
Books. 

The  Books  omitted  are  HowePs  History  of  the  World, 
Salmon's  modem  History,  Collection  of  Voyages,  Johnson's 
History  of  Animals,  Evelyn's  Parallel  of  Architecture, 
Parkinson's  Herbal,  Hayes  on  Fluxions,  Cato's  Letters, 
Bradley's  Books  of  Ghurdening  and  Bayle's  Critical 
Dictionary.* 

The  books  added  are,  the  Hertfordshire  Husbandman, 
Switzer's  Gardening,  Life  of  Charles  the  12th    King  of 
Sweden,  Allen's  Synopsis,  Travels  of  Cyrus,  Ray's  Wisdom 
of  God,  Lay  Monastry  [sic] ,  Milton's  Paradise  Lost  k  Be- 
;^  gained,  Historia  Literaria  16  Pamphlets,  Quincy's  Physical 

Ij  Lexicon   k  Philips's   Grammar.     [End  of  Extracts  from 

lifinutes.] 

The  price  of  this  first  load  of  books  was  <<  £45  sterling  at 
65  per  cent,  advance  the  current  rate."  This  fact,  together 
with  other  Notes  for  a  History  of  the  Library  Company, 
was  extracted  from  the  MS.  Minutes  by  an  anonymous 
writer  in  Waldie's  Port  Folio,  some  time  in  the  Thirties. 
The  author  was  the  librarian,  John  Jay  Smith.  The  exact 
words  of  the  MS.  Minutes  are : — "  Pay  to  Robert  Grace 
£74.5.0  for  his  Bill  of  Exchange  of  £45.  Steri«.  (with  65  p' 

^But  Bayle's  Dictionary  appears  in  the  Library *s  first  Catalogue, 
1741.    A.  J.  E. 


> 


Amenca'^  Fhrsi  Oreat  Library.  808 

c*.  Advance)  drawn  on  Peter  Collinson  &  payable  to  Tho* 
Hopkinson  to  purchase  Books  in  London  for  the  Use  of  the 
Library  Company  of  Philadelphia." 

The  books  were  first  stored  in  the  house  of  Robert 
Grace  in  Jones's  Alley,  now  Church  Street  Tn  1740  they 
were  taken  to  the  West  wing  of  the  State  House,  and  in 
1778  to  Carpenters'  Hall,  where  they  remained  until  the 
erection  of  the  first  Library  building  in  1790.  During  the 
Bevolution  they  were  used  by  British  officers,  who  paid  the 
required  fees  and  safely  returned  the  books.  Tn  1777  the 
library  room  was  occupied  by  sick  soldiers.  During  the 
war  importations  were  suspended,  and  in  1788  £200  were 
remitted  to  London  for  books  that  had  appeared  in  the 
interval.  One  of  these  was  Gibbon's  Decline  and  Fall  of 
the  Roman  Empire  (London,  1776-1788,  quarto,  6  vols.) 
At  the  time  of  peace,  the  earlier  editions  were  no  longer 
procurable,  except  for  the  later  volumes.  Li  the  Library 
Catalogue,  1789,  we  find  tiie  quarto  set  dated  1782-1788. 
This  set  is  still  at  the  Bidgway  Branch.  The  late  Charles 
R.  Hildeburn  once  told  me  that  copies  of  Gibbon  were  sold 
in  New  York  during  the  war,  because  that  city  was  in  the 
hands  of  the  English.  But  I  have  never  seen  a  copy  of  the 
first  edition  of  Vol.  I,  and  doubt  whether  one  exists  in 
America.  This  edition  was  sold  in  a  few  months,  and 
a  second  issued  the  same  year,  1776,  a  copy  of  which  I 
have. 

BiBLIOQRAPHT   OF  EaBLT   CATALOGUES. 

No.  1. 

A  I  Catalogue  |  of  |  Books  |  belonging  to  tiie  |  Library 
Company  |  of  |  Philadelphia.  |    Communiier  bona  profundere 
Deam  est.  \  Philadelphia:  Printed  by  B.  Franklin,  1741.  | 
16  mo.,  pp.  55  +  1-     [Short  account  of  the  Library  on  the 
last  page.] 

No.  2.  The  |  Charter  |  of  the  |  Library  Company  |  of  | 
Philadelphia.  |  Philadelphia  :  |    Printed    by  B.    Franklin, 
1746.  I  16  mo.,  pp.  8. 

No.  8.  Laws  |  of  the  |  Library  Company  |  of  |  Philadel- 


804  Amaiea^s  lirst  Oreat  Library. 

phia.  I  Made,  in  Pursnance  of  their  |  Charter,  |  At  a  Gen- 
eral Meeting,  |  held  in  the  Library,  on  the  Third  Day  |  of 
May,  1742.  |  Philadelphia  :  |  Printed  by  B.  Franklin, 
1746.  I  16  mo.,  pp.  15  +  28  [  +  4].  [With  Books  added 
to  the  Library  since  1741.     Also  Rales.] 

No.  4.  The  |  Charter,  |  Laws,  |    and  |  Catalogue    of 
Books,  I  of   the  |  Library    Company  |  of  |  Philadelphia.  | 
Cbmmuniter   bona    profundert    Deum    est  \  Philadelphia  :  | 
Printed  by  B.  Franklin,  and  D.  HalL  |  1757.  | 

12  mo.,  pp.  23  +  132.     [With  Short  Account  and  List 
of  Medals.] 

No.  5.  The  |  Charter,  |  Laws,  |  and  |  Catalogue     of 
Books,  I  of  the  |  Library    Company  |  of  |  Philadelphia.  | 
Oommuniter    bona    profundert  Deum  est  \  Philadelphia :  | 
Printed  by  B.  Franklin   and  D.  HalL  |  1764.  |  8  to.,  pp. 
26  +  150. 

[Short  Acooimt,  Medals,  and  Names  of  Members.] 

No.  6.  The  |  Charter,  |  Laws,  |  and  |  Catalogue  |  of  | 
Books,  I  of  the  I  Library    Company  |  of  |  Philadelphia.  | 
With  a  Short  Account  of  the  Library  prefixed.  |  G:fmmuniier 
bwui    profundere    Deum  est  \   Philadelphia:  |    Printed  by 
Joseph   Crnkshank,   in   SeeondStreet.  \    1770.  |  8  to.,  pp. 
S8  +  [816.] 

[Medals  and  List  of  Members  follow  tlie  Short  Accoant  at  the  be, 
fuminf .  The  present  STStem  of  nambering  appears  in  this  Catalofiie* 
the  nnmbeiB  which  were  used  in  the  Cstakgnes  of  1757  and  17d4  har- 
iQgbeen  changed.] 

No.  7.  The  |  Becond  Part  |  of  the  |  Catalogue  |  of  | 
Books,  I  of   the  |  Library    Company  |  of  |  Philadelphia.  | 
Cbmmuniter    bona    profwkdere   Deum  est.  \    Philadelphia  :  | 
Printed  by  R  Aitken,  Bookseller,  opposite  |  the  London 
Coffee-Hoose,  Front-Street.  |  1775.  |    8  to.,  pp.  67. 

Xo.  8.  A  I  Catalogue  |  of  the  |  Books,  |  belonging  to  | 
The  Library  Company  of  Philadelphia :  |  to  which  is  pre- 
fixed, I  a  short  account  |  of  the  |  institution.  |  with  the  | 
Charter,  Laws  and  Regulations.  |  CiHumuniter  bona  pro- 


America's  First  Oreat  Library.  305 

fiindere  Deorum  est.  |  Philadelphia  :  |  Printed  by  Zachariah 
Poulfion,  Junior,  in  Fourth-Street,  |  between  Market-Street 
and  Arch-Street.  |  1789.  |  8  vo.,  pp.  xl.  +  406  +  1. 

[Contains  List  of  Members  and  a  system  of  classification  under  Mem- 
ory, Reason  and  Imagination.] 

All  these  Catalogues  are  in  the  Library  of  the  Historical 
Society  of  Pennsylvania  (mostly  in  the  Gilpin  Branch)  ex- 
cept No.  7.  At  the  suggestion  of  Dr.  Jordan,  I  have 
searched,  at  the  Bidgway  Library,  for  the  extant  volumes 
of  the  first  importation.  Many  of  course  have  long  since 
perished  and  been  replaced.  Thus,  Pope's  Homer,  Dry- 
den's  Virgil,  and  Voltaire's  Life  of  Charles  Ail,  were  already 
lost  or  worn  out  at  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century,  and 
their  numbers  were  transferred  to  other  books.  With  these 
three  exceptions,  the  numbers  now  in  use  for  the  original 
books  or  their  successors,  are  the  same  as  they  stand  in  the 
Catalogue  of  1770.  Numbers  also  appear  in  the  Catalogues 
of  1767  and  1764,  but  these  were  discarded  in  favor  of  new 
ones.  Often  in  the  oldest  books,  the  numbers  of  1757  and 
1764  have  been  scratched  out  and  replaced  by  those  of  1770. 
Is  there  another  library  in  the  United  States  where  a  system 
of  numbering  has  persisted  for  a  hundred  and  thirty-six 
years,  and  where  the  handwriting  of  librarians  of  the 
French  and  Lidian  War  can  still  be  traced  upon  the  &ded 
covers  ? 

A  scheme  of  classification  appears  in  the  Catalogue  of 
1789,  wherein  all  works  are  arranged  under  three  heads : 
Memory,  Reason,  Imagination,  according  to  Bacon  and 
D'Alembert  This  Catalogue  also  tells  us  that  an  asterisk  de- 
notes pamphlets^-a  usage  since  adopted  by  The  Historical 
Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

But,  while  1789  saw  a  paper  classification,  there  was  no 
actual  one.  Indeed,  when  the  present  writer  proceeded  to 
classify  the  Locust  Street  Library  in  1889,  the  books  were 
still  on  the  shelves  numerically  under  the  old  four  sizes. 
Bunford  Samuel  had  previously  classified  the  Ridgway 
VOL.  xxx. — 20 


>  ; 


i 


806  Americans  IHrst  Great  Library. 

books,  but  those    at    the  main   library  were  not  finally 
arranged  until  the  early  nineties. 

Dr.  Jordan  suggests  that  the  following  books  may  be 
separated  as  antiquarian  curiosities,  by  a  future  board  of 
directors,  and  placed  in  a  case  by  themselves  with  the 
legend : 

Books  of  thb  First  Importation: 
A.  D.  1732. 

i  BoBRHAAVE. — ^Ncw  Method  of  Chemistry.     By  H.  Boer- 

j  haave.     London,  1727,    No.  116  Q. 

I  CoLLBCTiON  OF  VoYAGBS. — [Loudou,  1699  ?  6  vols.?   1729, 

!  4  vols,  in  Catalogue  of  1741.     One  volume  only  remains  of 

this  set,  but  its  title-page  is  gone.]     No.  796,  O. 

CoMPLBAT  Tradesman. — ^London,  1727-1732, 2  vols.  No. 
815  0. 

[Vol.  I.  is  Ed.  8,  1782,  wherein  the  first  word  is  spelt  ''Ck)mplete."] 

Crousaz. — ^New  treatise  of  the  Art  of  Thinking.    By  Mr, 

Crousaz.     London,  1724,  2  vols..  No.  387  O. 

Drakb. — ^Anthropologia  Nova;   or,  A  new  system   of 

Anatomy.     By  James  Drake.     Eds.  2  and   8.     London, 

I   j  1717-1728,  8  vols..  No.  168  O. 

Euclid.— The  Elements  of  Euclid  Explain'd.    By  F. 

!'.  i  Claud.    Francis  Milliet  de  Chales.    Ed.  7.     London,  1726, 

j:    ^  No.  928  O. 

;'    '  Gravesandb. — Mathematical  Elements  of  Natural  Philos- 

f" 

{t    •  ophy :  introduction  to  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  Philosophy.     By 

!•  William-James's   Gravesande.     Ed.   4.     London,  1781,  2 

vols..  No.  169  0. 

\  Guardian — 2  vols..  No.  69  D. 

[Title-pages  gone.] 

Helvicus. — The  Historical  and  Chronological  Theatre  of 
;,  Christopher  Helvicus.     London,  1687,  No.  227  F. 

'r  HiSTORiA  LiTTERARiA. — ^London,  1730-1782,  4  vols..  No. 

I  14  0. 

[Vols.  1,  8  and  4  are  extant.    This  is  the  only  bibliography  in  the 
/  present  list.] 


k 


Americans  First  Great  Ubrary.  807 

Keill. — ^Introduction  to  Natural  Philosophy;  or,  Philo- 
sophical Lectures  read  in  the  University  of  Oxford,  1700. 
By  John  Keill,  M.  D.,  Savilian  Professor  of  Astronomy. 
London,  1720,  No.  432  0. 

[In  MS.  on  the  fly-leaf  we  read:  ''Ex  Libris  Henrici  Jaffray  de 
Dalflpon  [Dalflson?]  1730."] 

Lay  Monastery. — London,  1714,  329  D. 

['*  Belonging  to  the  Library  Company  of  Philadelphia/'  in  MS.  on 
title-page.] 

L'HospiTAL. — ^Analytick  Treatise  of  Conick  Sections.  By 
the  Marquis  De  L'Hospital.     London,  1723,  No.  175  Q. 

Moll. — ^Atlas  Geographus.  By  Herman  Moll.  Lon- 
don, 1711-1717,  6  vols.,  No.  182  Q. 

OzANAM. — Oursus  Mathematicus.    By  Monsieur  Ozanam. 

London,  and  Oxford,  1712-1726,  5  vols..  No.  167  O. 

[The  originality  of  this  set  is  doubtful,  as  the  Catalogue  of  1770  has 
an  edition  of  1708,  No.  769  O.] 

Phillips. — ^A  Rational  Grammar  (Latin).  By  J.  T. 
Phillips.     Ed.  2.    London,  1731,  No.  301  D. 

Philosophical  Transactions. — John  Lowthorp.  Lon- 
don, 1731,  4  vols..  No.  161  Q. 

[Vols.  1-8,  Ed.  4 ;  Vol.  4,  Ed.  2.  Vol.  4 :  Abridged  by  Henry 
Jones.] 

Plutarch. — ^Plutarch's  Lives.  With  notes  from  M.  Da- 
cier.     London,  1727,  8  vols.  No.  11  0. 

Port  Royal  Essays. — Moral  Essays.  Written  in  French 
by  Messieurs  du  Port  Royal.  Ed.  4.  London,  1724,  4 
vols..  No.  40  D. 

PuPFENDORP. — Litroduction  to  the  History  of  Europe. 
By  Samuel  PuflTendorf.     Ed.  8.    London,  1719,  No.  143  0. 

[The  Catalogue  of  1741  says  1728.] 

Rapin  db  Thoyras. — History  of  England.  By  Mr.  De 
Rapin  Thoyras.  London,  1728-1730, 12  vols.  [Continued 
later.]     No.  642  O. 

[There  is  a  later  edition,  1757-1759  which  came  from  the  Assoda* 
tion  Library.     Here  the  name  is  correctly  given  :   Bapin  de  Thoyras.] 


^ 


I   ; 


n 

'   i  808  America's  First  Great  Library. 

\   I 

f   i  Ray. — Three  Physico-Theological  Discourses.     By  John 

Ray.     Ed.  4.     London,  1732,  No.  683  O. 

[The  Catalogue  of  1741  gives  no  date,  but  that  of  1770  has  1728.] 
SiDNBY. — Discourses  concerning  Government.     By  Al- 
gernon Sidney.     Ed.  2.     London,  1704,  No.  77  F. 

Stanley. — History  of  Philosophy :  Lives  of  the  Philoso- 
phers. By  Thomas  Stanley.   Ed.  3.   London,  1701,^0. 175  F. 

»    ;  SwiTZER. — Dissertation  on  the  true  Cythisus  of  the  An- 

cients.    By  Stephen  Switzer.     With  Catalogue  of  Seeds 
London,  1731,  No.  809  O.     [Bound  up  with  his  Compen- 
dious Method  of  raising  Brocoli  Ac.    Ed.  5 :  London,  1731.] 

i    ■  Tacitus. — ^Works  of  Tacitus :  (Annals  and  History.     By 

I    i  T.  Gordon).     London  1728-1731,  2  vols.  No.  171  F. 

^    !  [Tatlbr.]     The  Lucubrations  of  Isaac  Bickerstaff,  Esq ; 

[   ■  London,  1728,  3  vols.,  No.  227  D. 

r   I  Turkish  Spy. — The  Eight  Volumes  of  Letters  writ  by  a 

I    :  Turkish  Spy  who  liv'd  Five  and  Forty  Years  undiscovered 

-  at  Paris.     Ed.  9.     London,  1730,  8  vols.,  No.  53  D. 

« ■ 
1^    ]  [VoIb.  8  and  4  have  the  name  of  the  Library  in  MS.  on  the  fly-leaf, 

;    • ,  together  with  the  Latin  motto.] 

:    : '  Vbrtot. — History  of  the  Revolutions  in  Spain.     By  the 

;  Abbot  Vertot     London,  1724,  3  vols,  in  five.  No.  179  O. 

[Catalogue  of  1741  has  the  same  author's  Bevolutions  of  Rome,  Por- 
I  tugal  and  Sweden.] 

Xbnophon. — The  Memorable  Things  of  Socrates.    Writ- 
;:    .  ten  by  Xenophon.     Translated  by  Edward  Bysshe.     Ed.  2. 

London,  1722,  No.  204  O. 

Xenophon's   Cyropsedia  had  been  already  renewed  in 
^  1746,  and  therefore  is  ineligible  for  our  list     Also  under 

suspicion  are  the  following : — 

;.  Collection  of  Voyages 

Guardian 
k  Ozanam's  Mathematics 

'  Puffendorf 's  History  of  Europe 

Bay's  Discourses. 

But  I  have  given  them  the  benefit  of  the  doubt.  All  books 
not  found  in  the  Catalogue  of  1741  are  excluded.  Our  list 
contains  80  distinct  works  in  84  volumes. 


Washington's  Household  Account  Booky  1798^1797      309 


WASHINGTON'S  HOUSEHOLD  ACCOUNT  BOOK, 
1793-1797. 

(Continued  from  page  186.) 

Jvly  1st.  179i. 
Cash           Dr  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U.  8. 
Reed  on  accot  of  the  Presidents  Com- 
pensation     1000. 

Omitted  17th.  of  June 
Stable  Exps                                 Dr  to  Cash 
pd  for  34  bo  Oats  4/6 20.40 

2nd  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Stable  Exps  for  36  bush  Oats  at  4/6   .     .     21.60 
House   Exps  pd  Ann  Emerson  a  yrs 

wages 33.33 

Contgt  Exps  pd  for  6  mos  etc.  of  G.  W. 

Custis 7.83      62.26 

Srd 

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Contgt  Exps  pd  Jesse  Sharpies  in  full  per 

biU&rect 6.41 

D*  pd  Saml  McLane  in  full  p.  D^  .     .     .     20.03 
D'  pd  for  10  yds  gauze  to  cover  pictures 

and  glasses 2.67 

Contgt  Exps.  pd  J.  Parrish  for  a  white 

hat  for  ye  Presidt 7.00 

D^  pd  Jno.  Whitesides  for  sundries  for 

Mrs.  Washington 8.77 

Do  pd.   Est.   John   Stillas,  mending  a 

spring  clock 8. 

House  Exps  pd  I.  &  Ed.  Pennington  in 

full  for  sugar 131.43 


810     WashingUm's  Household  Account  Book,  ITOS^-irQ?. 

D^  pd  Dr.  Bass  pr  bill 4.20 

D*.  pd  Ben.  Dorsey  in  full  for  groceries 

per  bill 58.63 

D^  pd  Jno  Gaceer  2  mos  wages  to  1  inst  22.00   254.14 

Sth  

House  Exps  Dr  to  Cash. 

Pd  Patty  Chaning  one  mos  wages      .     .        6.00 

7th  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash. 

House  Exps  pd  for  2  cords  wood  etc  .     .       7.50 

James  Q^rmain,  deliv'd  him  to  purchase 

sundries  for  the  Household    ....     76.92 

Contiugt  Exps  pd  for  a  mat  for  the  yel- 
low Room       18.31    102.73 

Sth  

Contingt  Exps  Dr  to  Cash. 

Gave  2  poor  men  (by  order)      ....        1.50 

Pd  for  a  pr  shoes  for  Martin     ....       1.50        3.00 

9th  

House  Exps                                Dr  to  Cash. 
Pd  for  3  1/4  cords  of  Oak  6  cords  Hic- 
kory woody  wharfage  &  haulmg     .     .     43.  43.00 
Cash          Dr  to  the  Treasury  of  the  XT.  S. 
Reed  on  accot  of  the  Presidents  Com- 
pensation                  1000. 

imh  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Pd  Amos  Wickersbam  for  a  pipe  of  old 

wine 240. 

House  Exps  pd  James  Andre  a  mo's 

wages 8. 

Oontgt  Exps    delivd  Mrs    Washington  15. 

D^  pd  drayage  of  wine 40 

D^  pd  for  a  pocket  book  for  El.  Custis 

(by  order) 6. 


Wa8hingt(nC8  Household  Account  Book^  179S''1797.    311 

D*.  pd  for  D*.  presented  by  the  Presi- 
dent to  Nat  Greene 2.88 

D^  pd  for  a  locket  &c  presented  by  D^  to 

D^ ,     .     .     .       4.00 

D*.  pd  for  a  pr  of  scissors  for  Mrs  Wash- 
ington         1.00     276.78 

Uth  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contg  Exps  pd  for  a  pocket  book  for  G. 
W.  Oustis  pr  order 2.38 

D*.  gave  by  the  President  towards  build- 
ing a  Universal  Church  in  Phila    .     .     10.00 

D".  gave  a  poor  man  by  order    .     .     .       1.00 

D*.  pd  for  keeping  Wilheleminina   jail  6 

or  6  days .67 

D*.  pd  Jno  Fenno  for  2  copies  of  the 

Gazette  of  the  U.  S.  to  11  June     .     .       9.12 

D*.  pd  do  for  Ben  Russel  for  Columbian 

Centinal 10.67 

House  exps  pd  for  carrying  in  wood  .     .       1.20 

James  Germain  delivd  him  to  purchase 

sundries  for  ye  House 101.77  186.76 

16th  

-Contg  Exp  Dr  to  Cash 

pd  Michl  Roberts  for  6  pocket  hakfe  for 

Mrs  Washington 4.80 

pd  Mrs  Lockyar  for  6  D^  for  D^    .     .     .       4.80        9.60 

16th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Stable  exps  pd  for  22  bush  Oats    .     .     .     18.20 
Congt  Exps  for  halg  2  pipes  of  wine 

from  ye  wharf  &  stowing  them  in  the 

cellar 2.00      16.20 

18th  

House  Exps  Dr.  to  Cash. 

Pd  for  seven  cords  wood,  whar&ge  etc.  28.64 


812    Waahmgton's  Household  Account  Book,  irOS-^irOT. 

eist 

Sundries  Dr  to  Caah. 

Jas   Germain,  delivd   him  to  purchase 

sundries  for  the  house 111.81 

Contgt  Exps  delivd  Lan  A.  Washington 

to  pay  his  hair  dresser      .     .  •  .     .     .      4.00     116.81 

££nd  

Contgt  Exps  Dr  to  Cash 

delivd  to  Jno  Tracey  by  order,  formerly 
servant  to  Colo  Lyle  to  bear  his  exps 
to  that  place— to  be  repaid  to  Mr 
Pearce 6.00 

Uth  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contingt  Exps  pd  for  a  Greek  Testar 

ment  for  G.  W.  Custis 1.75 

Ditto  pd  B.  McChenachan  &  P.  Moore 

for  table  Linen  etc  per  bill    ....     88.70 
D\  pd  Eliz  Bhodes  for  work  done  for 

Mrs  Washington 7.07 

House  Exps  pd  Stephen  Collins  &  Son 

for  two  pipes  of  old  M*  Wine    .     .     .    638.88   630.86 
Cash           Dr  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U.  S. 
Becd  on  accot  of  the  Presidents  Com- 
pensation    1000. 

geth  

Stable  Exps  Dr  to  Cash. 

pd  for  79  bush  of  Oats  @  2/6  ...     .     32.33 

29th  

Contgt  Exps  Dr  to  Cash. 

pd  Michl  Roberts  in  full  for  stationary 

etc  per  bill 21.28 

pd  for  Nos.  36  &  36  of  Careys  Geogy  for 

the  President  and  Mrs  Washington     .  1.00 

pd  for  do  for  Lan  A.  Washington      .     .  .60 

Pd  for  pr  shoes  for  Molly  by  order    .     .  1.40     24.13 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797.    318 


SOth 


Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Contgt  Exps  pd  Chat  for  sund's  for  Mrs 

Washington  per  bill 

D^  delivd  to  Mrs  Washington  .... 
D°.  delivd  to  Lan  A.  Washington  to  bear 

his  expenses  to  Virginia 

D**.  delivd  to  the  President 

Stable  Exps  pd  Wm.  Crouch  for  16  tons 

of  Hay  to  be  delivered  as  wanted  .     . 

August  1st 


Dr  to  Cash 
Andr6 


Sundries 
House  Exps.   p'd    Jas 

wages 

D^  p'd  Jno  Greene  a  mos  wages    . 
D*.  pd  Lewis  List  3  mos  wages 
D^  pd  for  mutton  and  potatoes     . 
Stable  Exp's.  pd  for  2  bush  OatB  4/6 
Contgt  Exps.  pd  for  2  chain  pots  . 

^th  ^ 


a    mos 


Sundries 
House 


Exps  for  V2  l>^8hl 


Dr  to  Cash. 
Indian  meal 


Stable  Exp's.  for  bush  bran 
5th  


Sundries                                       Dr  to  Cash 
Contgt  Exps.  p'd  for  mending  2  tables 
D**.  p'd  Jacob  Freitz  for  a  cow  and  calf 
House  Exps.  p'd  for  24  beef  16/a  q'veal 
7/10  1  q'  Lamb  3/9  Eggs  1/9  Vege- 
tables 2/7   


6th 


Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

House  Exps.  pd  Ann  Emerson  on  ac't 

wages 

Contgt  Exps.  p'd  for  2  milk  pails  .     .     . 


3.00 
20.00 

80. 

10. 

280.       343.00 


8.00 
11.00 
24.00 

1.25 

1.20 
.87     45.82 


.53 

.40         .98 


.75 
43.38 


4.33     48.41 


10. 
.40     10.40 


814      WashingUm's  Household  Account  Book,  1798^1797. 

7th  

House  Exps.  Dr  to  Caah. 

p'd  for  Vegetables  and  eggs 1.00 

8th  

House  Exps.  Dr  to  Gash. 

p'd  for  1  qr  lamb  5/3  28  beef  20/  vege- 
tables 8'  4  watermelons  7/6   ...     .  4.60 

9th  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

House  Exps.  p'd  for  cabbage  beans  eggs 

k  cucumbers 1.25 

Ditto  p'd  Jacob  Baur  on  acco't  of  wages   120. 

D*.  p'd  by  (J.  G.)  Fanny 7 

Frank  for  4  days  work 2.14 

D^  p'd  (by  do)  for  sawing  wood    ...  75 

James  Germain — deliv'd  him  to  purchase 

sund's  for  the  house 259.84 

Contgt  Exps  pd.  (by  J.  Q.)  for  a  pr. 
shoes  for  Davy  A;  2  pr  for  the  Dutch 
girls 8.18 

Stable  Exps  for  9  bush  bran     ....       8.52   890.18 

Contgt  Exp's  p'd  L  C.  MoUer  for  teach- 
ing Miss  Custis  k  for  sundry  articles 
per  bill 125.27 

Cash  dr.*  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U.  S. 

Rec'd  on  accot  of  the  Presidents  Com- 
pensation       1000. 

11th 

Oontingt  Exps  Dr  to  Cash. 

p'd  for  bleeding  Dutch  girl 20 

p'd  for  three  milk  pans .25         .45 

l<ith  

Sundries                                    Dr.  to  Cash. 
House  Exp's  p'd  for  Eggs  k  vegetables  .     .         .90 
D^  1  barrel  of  potatoes 67 


WashingUm's  Household  Account  Bookj  1793^1797.     816 

Contg't  Exp'B.  p'd  for  putting  a  shelf  in 

Mrs.  Wn  room  by  her  desire    ...         .60 
D*.  p*d  for  making  table  cloths  etc    .      .       1.80        8.97 

l^th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Contingt  Exp's.  p'd  M  &  Mrs  Groom- 
bridge  for  instructing  Miss  Nelly 
Custis  in  embroidery  k  drawing     .     .     15.94 

D^  p'd  Thomas  Palmer  for  shoes  for  D*.       2.67 

House  Exp's.  p'd  Mary  Bailey  a  mos 

wages 6.00     23.61 

16th.  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

House  Exp's  p'd  for  10  ^,  beef  6/10  Eggs 

&  vegetables  8/8  Indian  Com  6  .     .     .       2.00 

Contingt  Exp's.  for  a  pr   of  shoes  for 

Hercules 1.60 

Stable  Exp's.  for  600  wt  of  Hay   .     .     .       6.00       9.60 

16th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contingt  Exp's  for  hauling  two  loads  of 

furniture  from  Phila  to  Qermantown       6.00 
D*.  pd  for  No  37  of  Careys  Geog'y  for 

the  President  and  Mrs  W 60 

House  Exp's.  p'd  Patty  Channing  wages 

in  fiill  to  this  day 9.00 

D^  p'd  for  3  cords  of  Hickory  wood .  .  18.00 
D".  p'd  butchers  bill  for  the  laat  week  .  16.40 
Stable  exp's.  p'd  for  a  bush,  of  bran  .     .         .38     49.28 

19th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

House  exp's.  p'd  for  29  *^  beef  2  V^  vege- 

ables  7, 1  butter  Vg 8.84 

D*.  for  1  bl.  Indian  com  meal    ....       1.07 

Stable  Exp's.  p'd  for  one  bl  of  chop't  rye 

&2bar'lbran 1.25       6.16 


816   Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  1793-^1797. 

91st 

House  Exp's.  Dr.  to  Cash 

p'd  for  16  »*  of  beef 1.42 

Vegetables .75 

1  butter  pat 40        2.67 

gjgnd  

Contingt  Exp's.  Dr  to  Cash. 

Exp's  for  keeping  Martin  in  the  work- 
house for  misbehaviour  16  days      .     .       2.14 

P'd  boatmen  for  taking  German  servants 
to  &  from  the  ship  for  the  President  to 
look  at 75 

Pd  Cap  Chris.  Franklin  for  the  passage 
etc.  of  John  Klein  for  which  he  is  to 
serve  three  years 57.10 

for  drawing  Indentures 1.00      60.99 

eSrd  

Contgt  Exps  Dr  to  Cash. 

Gbve  Oney  to  buy  a  pr  of  shoes,  by 

order 1.25 

SSth  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contgt  Exps.  pd  for  a  pr  of  shoes  for 

Geo.  W.  Custis 1.00 

House  Exps.  pd  for  4^  doz  Eggs  Vr  V2 

vegetables  V4  V2  Damsons  \    .        .    .       1.50        2.50 

26th  

Contingt  Exps.  Dr  to  Cash 

delivd  to  Mrs.  Washington  to  pay  M. 
Whitlock  for  filling  Miss  El.  Custis 
teeth 12.00 

S8th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

House  exps.  pd  for  17  of  butter  @  25c       4.25 
2|  doz  eggs 87 


Washington's  Household  Account  Bookj  1798-1797.    817 

buns .06 

Contingt  Exps.  gave   a  poor   man — ^by 

order 1.00 

Gave  Baar  to  buy  a  stick  of  pomatum 

for  Mrs.  W-n 25        6.98 

29th  

House  Exps.  Dr  to  Cash 

pd  for  11  **  of  beef  \  vegetables  peaches       1.87 

1  bl  potatoes 67 

Salt 26       2.79 

SOth  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Stable  Exps.  pd  per  700  Hay     ....       7.00 
House  Exps.  pd  for  16  **  beef  12/a  p"  do 

for  soap  2/  Cucumbers  5c       ....       1.93       8.98 

September  1st. 

House  Exps  Dr  to  Cash. 

pd  for  liver .20 

8  ^*  beef  &  leg 1.00 

Vegetables 52        1,72 

Cash— Dr  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U.  S. 
Becd  on  accot  of  the  Presidents  com- 
pensation     1000. 

Snd  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Stable  Exp  pd  for  8  bs  bran  and  one  of 

rye* 1.60 

Contgt  Exp.  gave  a  poor  woman  by 
order 25        1.85 

8rd   

House  Exps  Dr.  to  Cash 

pd.  for  8  **  beef  &  a  leg  of  do     .     .     .     .        1.00 
12>»»butter  and  2JdozEgg's     ....        8.88        4.88 


818    Washington's  Household  Account  Book^  179S''1797. 

ith 

Bunds  Dr  to  Cash 

House  Exps-pd  for  beef .75 

D^  pd  Pat  Kennedy  on  •/«  wages     .     .  13.00 

Oontingt  Exps  pd  for:  a  75/.  powder 
flask    9/4J      ^^^   shot   1/lOJ    powder 

1/lOJ— 6  Flints  6^  for  Geo  W.  Custis  .  11.82 

D^  pd  for  a  whip  for  E.  P.  Custis      .     .  2.00      27.67 

6th  

House  Exps  Dr  to  Cash 

pd  for  21^*  beef 15/9 

leg  of  do 2/ 

Sundry  vegetables 7/6 

8'*  Mutton 4/8 

£1.9.11  8.99 

6th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

James  Germain,  delivd  him  to  pay  for  abt 
88  cords  wood — ^to  pay  his  weekly  accot 
during  4  weeks — &  to  discharge  Sun- 
dry bills — as  renderd  this  day  .     .     .    821.00 

Contingt  Exps  pd  for  going  to  and 
from  the  Ship  to  procure  servents   .     .        2.00 

D*.  for  drawing  2  Indentures   ....        2.00 

Ditto  pd  B.  Bohlen  for  2  Dutch  servants 
afl  follows  Jo.  Henry  Waskan  £25.19.0 
Marg*  Held 24.  4.6 

£60.  8.6    133.80 '968.80 

8th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contingt  Exps    paid   for  a  pr  of  shoes 

for  Austin 1.67 

House  Exps  pd  for  J  Lamb  6/.  vege- 
tables 6/     1.47       3.14 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S--1797.    819 
9th 


Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

pd  Jno  Fraley  for  repairs  to  the  Stables 

in  Germantown 6.00 

D°  pd  Ben  Lehman  for  plank  k  scant- 
ling for  D* 11.62 

D^  pd  C.  Wirtz  for  nails 1.67 

House   exps  pd  Petr   Deal   in    full  for 

beef  and  mutton  from  7  Aug    .     .     .      30.00      49.29 

10th  

Sundries  D'  to  Cash. 

Contingt  Exps  Gbve  a  poor  frenchman 

by  order 7.00 

House  Exps  pd  for  12  bo  Indian  meal         .50 
D^  1  bo  potatoes   5/.   2"^  butter  8/9— 
vegetables  67—       .......       1.97       9.47 

12th  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Contgt  Exps,  pd  Gteo  Hark's  black- 
smith for  sundry  jobs  per  bill     .     .     .        8.14 

D^  gave  a  poor  old  man 1.00 

House  exps  pd  Lewis  List  his  wages  in 
fall  to  this  day,  when  dischargd  in- 
cluding a  mos  pay  given  him  by  the 
President 19.20      28.84 

ISth  


Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Contingt  Exps  pd  for  Fig  blue   .     .     .      12.00 
D^  for  a  Shot  bag  for  Geo  W.  Custis 

omitted  before 1.00 

House  Exps  pd  for  10**  butter    .     .     .       2.50        3.62 

15th  

Sundries  D'  to  Cash 

Contingt  Exps,  gave  Geo  W.  Custis  to 
buy  powder  &  shot  by  order     ...  .25 


820     Washington's  Household  Account  Bookj  179S-1797. 

House  Exps  pd  for  14  >»»  of  beef  8/2  leg 

of  do  1/10  1/2  2  qts  of  vinegar  12  @        1.46 
Stable  Exps  pd  for  700  of  Hay    .     .     .        7.00       8.71 

16th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

House  Exps,  pd  for  16  **  of  beef  12/. 
leg  of  do  2/4  1  qr.  Mutton  5/10 
Peaches,  Egg's,  beans  etc  12/19  Plums 
2/4  5   Chickens  9/41/2 5.95 

Stable  Exps  pd  for  2  bush  bran   ...         .74       6.69 

JSth  

House  Exps  Dr  to  Cash 

1  qr.  lamb  6/.  Eggs  3/9 

Vegetables  4/8  two  tongues  8/9.  2  lb. 

butter  8/9  Salt  peter— 11  @     .     .     .       2.91        2.91 

19th  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

House    Exps  pd    Henry    Bohlen   mos 

wages 8. 

D^  pd  Butchers  bill  in  full      ....      14.14 

D^  a  1^  of  beef 27 

House  Exps  pd  for  12  lb  butter     .     .     .        8.00 

D^  bakers  bill  in  full 16.76 

Contingt  Expens  pd  for  tuition  of  Gteo 

W.  Custis 4.12 

D*.  gave  a  poor  woman 1.00 

D^  gave  Bain  to  buy  pomatum  for  Mrs. 

Washington 87     47.66 

20th 

Contingt  Exps  Dr.  to  Cash 

for  hauling  goods  from  Germantown  .  .        7.00 
Delivd  to  Mrs.  Washington      ....      42.00      49.00 

£2nd  

Sundries                                    Dr.  to  Cash. 
Jam's  Germain,  delivd  him  to   pay  his 
weekly  accot  for  two  weeks  &  to  dis- 
charge sundry  bills 178.02 


WashmgUm's  Household  Account  Book,  1798^1797.    821 

Oontingt  Exps,  pd  for  ferriage  of  the 
President  etc  going  to  see  the  Militia 
at  Peter's  farm .26 

D^  pd  Fred  Sliker  in  full  for  painting  k 

glazing  per  bill 28.20    201.47 

Uth  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Contingt  Exps-pd  Isaac  Frank's  in  full 

for  house  rent  etc,  at  Germantown     .    201.60 
Stable  Exps  pd  D^  for  1600  lb  Hay    .    .      16.00    217.60 

f^6th  

House  Exps  Dr  to  Cash. 

House  Exps  pd  Henry  Bohlen  a  mos 

wages 8.00 

D*.  pd  Ben  Dorsey  in  full  for  groceries 

per  bill 66.28 

Contingt  Exps  pd  Mr.  Smart  for  sun- 
dries for  Mrs.  Washington    ....      42.75 

D^  pd  Jno  Jones  for  sundry  jobs  pr. 
bill 6.07 

D*.  pd.  duties  on  a  pipe  of  wine  from 

Ostend 58.61    179.71 

Cash — ^Dr.  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U.  S. 

Reed  for  the  use  of  the  President      .     .  2000.00 

eeth 

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Contingt  Exps-pd  Wm  Nichols  collec- 
tor duties  on  the  Presidents  carriges     80.00 

Contingt  Exps  pd  for  4  black  silk 
handkerchiefi  &  a  pr  of  hose  for  ser- 
vants             6.00 

D^  gave  J  Baur  to  buy  pomatum  for  ye 

President .25 

House  Exps  pd  I  &  E  Pennington  in 

full  for  sugar 56.94     92.19 

VOL.  XXX. — 21 


J  822    Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S'-'1797. 


^th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Caah. 

Stable  Exps  pd  for  52  bush  Oats     .      .      24.26 
Contgt    Exps    pd    for    2    pr.     bathing 

breeches  for  servants 12.00 

i  D^  pd  Chas  Kirkham  for  sunds  for  Mrs 

:  Washington 21.97      58.28 

?  Cash — Dr  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U.  S. 

*  Reed  for  the  use  of  the  President     .      .  1000.00 

;  £9th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contgt  Exps  delivd  the  President  when 
setting  out  on  a  journey  to  the  western 
Counties  of  Pennsylvania     ....  1000. 
J  D°.  pd  for  4  pr.  hose  for  Mr.  Washington        3.20 

Contgt  exps.   pd   for  an   Ivory    memo. 

book  for  the  President .67 

D^  pd  for  a  pr  of  bullet  molds  for  the 

Presidents  pistols 1.00 

D*.  pd.  I  Gallagher  in  full  for  china.     .    158.15 
D^  delivd  Mrs.  Washington      .     .     ,     .    124.00 
D**. — ^Left  with  her   to   defray   the   ex- 
penses of  the  family  during  the  Presi- 
dents absence 1060. 

Stable  Expens.  pd  for  9  bush  of  shorts        3.30 
House  Exps.  pd  I  Baur  in  foil  to   25 

Inst 32.00 

D^  pd  J  Qaceer  3  mos  wages    ....      33.00 
D*.  delivd  J  Germain  to  pay  Mary  Baily 
in  full  to  the  time  she  left  the  Presi- 
dent's family 16.67 

D**.  pd  Pat  Kennedy  on  Vc  o{  wages  .     .      85.00 
I>\  pd.  Mrs  Emerson  2  mos  wages    .     .      22.22 
D^  pd  J.  Germain  on  •/,  Ditto      .     .     .      60.00 
J.  Germain  delivd  him  to  purchase  sun- 
dries for  the  household 80.07  2629.28 


Was}dngtm'sH(msehddAce(nmiBook,179S->1797.   828 

October  S9th 

Contg  Exps                                  Dr  to  Cash 
Ghtve   the  4  servants  who  travelled  to 
the  westward  with  the  President  ea  $2 
by  his  order 8.00        8.00 

Slsi  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Gave  a  poor  begger,  by  order   .     .     .     •       1.00 
Stable  Exps  pd  for  800  bundels  straw     .     15.00 

2  doz  brooms 2.00 

92  bush  Oats 86.80      64.80 

Cash — ^Dr.  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U.  S. 
Reed  on  accot  of  the  President's  com- 
pensation     8000.00 

November  Srd 

Contingt  Exps  Dr  to  Cash 

Paid  for  repairing  stoves 8.00 

for  12  Glass  rummers  k  a  bottle  for  bit- 
ters   • 6.47 

Lent  Tim   Mountford  by  order  of  the 
President  to  be  repaid  on  demd.    .     .    125. 
since  charged  to  acco't  of  T.  Lear  by 
his  desire 

P'd  Jno  Bartholemy  for  teaching  Miss 

Custis  french  4  months 10.67    144.14 


{' 


ith  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash. 

House  Exps  pd  Pettit  &  Bayard  for  2 

pipes  old  M*  Wine  Shpped  by  J.  M. 

Pintard  for  the  Presidents  use  .  .  .  494.62 
Stable  Exps.  pd  for  60  bush  Oats  .  .  24.00 
Contingt  Exps.  pd  for  \  cord  wood  and 

hauling  for  a  poor  woman  by  order  of 

Mrs.  W 2.78 


824    Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797. 

Ghtve  Hercules  to  pay  for  mending  his 

shoes     .     • 76 

D^  pd  for  tuition  of  G.  W.  Custis      .     .       6.00    527.15 

6ih  

Sundries.  Dr.  to  Cash. 

|B|                                              House  Exps  pd  for  3^  cords  of  wood      .  22.50 

I                                               D^  for  12  Bottels  Champaign   ....  18.33 

J                                               D^  pd  Andre  on  accot  of  wages    .    .     .  15.00 

'                                              D^  pdfor  25  bundelsofstraw  .     .     .     .  1.25 

Bn.  Dandridge  pd  him  on  accot  of  sal- 
ary    800.00    862.08 

7ih  

(  A  Bunds  Dr  to  Cash 

Contgt  Exps  pd  for  the  history  of  the 
French  revolution  for  Mrs.  Washing- 

f  I  ton 2.00 

J  Contgt  Exps  pd  for  Call  to  clean  servts 

a  clothes .60 

D*.  pd  for  hair  powder  etc  for  the  presi- 
dent             4.47 

House  Exps.  pd  for  150  "»  of  soap  @  13d     16.56      28.55 

8ih 

Sundries  D'  to  Cash. 

Stable  Exps  pd  for  87  bush  Oats    .     .     .     34.80 
House   Exps   pd  Jno  Shee  Esq.  (City 
Treasurer)  for  one  years  rent  of  the 
House  occupied  by  the  President    .     .  1888.88  1868.18 

lOih  

SundV  D'.  to  Cash 

Jas.  G^rmaiuy  delivd    him  to  purchase 

sundries  for  the  House 112.90 

House  Exps  pd  J.  G.  for  72  >i 

candles £5.  5.9 

1  box  lemons 2.  8.9 

1  doz  plates 1.12.6 

1  lb  indigo 6. 

£9.18  26.78 


Washingtim's  Household  Account  Book,  1798-1797.    326 

Contgt  Exps  pd  by  do  for  a  pr.  of  shoes 

for  Jno  Klein 1.25 

D^  pd  for  2  copies  Coxes  View  of  the  U. 

S.  for  the  President 4.25 

144.18 

nth 

The  Presidents  Accot  Proper. 

Dr.  to  Cash. 
Pd  Capt  Mitchell  in  foil  for  the  Pas- 
sage of  a  carpenter  and  family  sent  to 
Mount  Vernon   by  the  President  in 
Sept  last 80.00 

Uih  

Contgt  Exps  Dr.  to  Cash, 

pd  Jno  Phile  for  sunds  per  bill      .     .     .  13.78 

ISih,  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Contingt    Exps.    pd.  Geo.  Bertault    in 
foil  for  making  k  putting  down  carpets 
ft  for  sundry  jobs  pr.  bill       ....     53.98 
Ditto  pd  Jo  Lusby  for  carpentering    .     .     87.06 
D^  gave  a  poor  man  by  order   ....       2.00 
Stable  Exps.  pd  for  100  bundls  straw     .       6.00    149.04 

17ih,  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

House  Exps  pd  Henry  Bohlen  on  accot 

of  wages •     .     .     .      16. 

James  Germain,  delivd  him  to  purchase 

sundries  for  the  House 105.86 

D^  delivd  him  in  advance  for  do —    .     .   100.00 
Contgt  Exps  delivd  to  J  G.  to  pay  for 

sundries  pr.  bill 8.86 

Stable  Exps.  pd.  C.  Kanck  for  19  bush. 

shorts 8.87    289.11 


826     Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  1793^1797. 

18th  

Contgt  Exps  Dr.  to  Cash 

pd  for  10  tickets  of  admission  to  the  ex- 
hibition of  fireworks 5.00 

delivd  James  to  by  a  pr.  shoes       .     .     .       1.25        6.25 

^^th  

JaB.  Germain  Dr.  to  Cash. 

Jas.  Germain   delivd  him   to  purchase 

sundries  for  the  house 107.21 

House  exps  pd  by  J.  G.  to  pay  for  a  bar- 
rel of  Soap  etc 3.53 

Do  for  barrel  of  Oil 32.40 

D\  pd  a  woman  for  1  days  work  in  the 

kitchen .50 

Contgt  Exps.  pd  freight  of  a  barrel  to 

Alexandria 25 

D'.  pd    S.  Paul  for  sunds  hot  for    the 

house  women 7.60 

Stable  Exps  pd  by  J.  G.  for  shorts       .     .       4.50    155.99 
Cash— Dr.  to  the   Treasury  of  the  U.  S. 

Becd  on  accot  of  the  Presidents  compen- 
sation       1000. 

05th   

Contingt  Exps  Dr  to  Cash 

pd  Wm  Robertson  for  painting  two  pic- 
tures of  the  President  &  one  of  Mrs. 
Washington 170. 

gave  Moll  to  buy  a  brush  &  paint  for  Mrs 

Wroom 50    170.50 

06th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Stable  exps  pd  for  50  bundls  of  straw       2.50 
House  Exps.  pd  Mrs  Emerson  on  accot 

of  wages 20.00      22.50 


WashmgUm's  Household  Account  Book,  1793-1797.    327 

S9th  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Stable  Exps  pd  137  yi  bush  of  oats     .     .  68.75 
Contingt  Exps  delivd  to  the  President     .       8.00 

D^  pd  Mrs.  Washington 2.00 

J)\  pd  for  6  tickets  French  concert     .     .  6.00      88.75 

December  1st  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Jas.  Germain  delivd  him   to   purchase 

sundries  for  the  house 152.48 

House  exps  pd  by  J*  G'  for  starch      .     .     12.72 

I>\  pd  (Julian)  cook  8  mos.  wages      .     .     86.00    201.20 

^d 

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

House  Exps  pd.  Jas  Andr6  on  a/c  of  wages     1 5.00 
Contgt   Exps.    delivd    Moll   to  pay  for 
work  done  for  Mrs  Wn  by  order    .     .         .66      15.66 

Srd  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Contingt  Exps  pd  for  essence  for  the 

toothache  for  G.  W.  Custis    ....         .26 
D*.  pd.  H  Capron  for  teaching  Miss  E. 

Custis 81.47 

D*.  gave  Austin  to  buy  stuff  to  mend  his 

small  clothes .87 

D*.  pd  for  Williams  Letters  k  Davidson's 

sermon  for  Mrs  W 1.46 

House  Exps  pd  James  Baur  in  full  to  this 

day 88.00 

D\  pd  Pat  Kennedy  on  a/c  of  wages  .     .     18.00 
Stable  Exps  pd  Chs  Eanck  for  30  bus. 

Shorts 14.00    103.54 

4th  

Contgt  Exps  Dr  to  Cash. 

pd.  for  10  Tickets  old  Theatre  ....  10.00 


828   Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  1793^1797. 

Bih 

Contgt  Exps                               Dr  to  Cash. 
Delivd  to  Mrs.  Washington       .     .     •    •       6.00 
gave  a  poor  beggar 1.60        6.50 

6th  


Sundrs  D'.  to  Cash. 

Contgt  exps.  pd  C.  Chat,  for  Jewellers 

work  done  for  Mrs  Washington  .  .  36.77 
D'.  pd  for  2  pr.  stockings  for  Austin  .  2.83 
Stable  Exps  pd  for  75  bush  Oats   .     .     .     31.66      70.76 

Sth 


Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

James  Germain,  delivd  him  to  pay  his 

accot  to  this  day 37.28 

House  Exps  pd.  by  J*.  G*.  Mary  Lefler 

for  9  days  work 4.60 

D*.  pd  for  sundry  milk  pots  k  pans     .     .       8.96 

D'.  pd.  for  putting  up  stoves  in  Octo.  last       1.25 

House  Exps  pd.  Jas.  Germain  in  full  for 
wages  to  this  day  with  an  allowance  of 
10  gui' by  the  President 108.88 

D*.  pd.  Julian  (cook)  in  full       ....       9.38 

Stable  exps  pd  for  2  doz  brooms    .     .     .       2.00 

Contgt  Exps  gave  a  sailor  who  brot  from 
the  wharf  a  ps  of  beef  sent  to  the  Presi- 
dent by  M.  Parrish,  Hamburgh  ...         .50 

Fred  Ejt,  delivd  him  to  purchase  sundries 

for  ye  house 1.50    812.14 

9th  


Contgt  Exps  Dr.  to  Cash, 

delivd    Mrs.  Washington    to  pay   Eliz 

Rhodes  for  work 1.70 

pd  for  No'  88,  89,  40,  41,  42  k  43  of 

Carey's  Geogy  2  Cops 8.00        4.70 


Washmgion's  Household  Accomt  Booky  1793-1797.     829 


nth 


Contgt  Exps  Dr.  to  Cash 
gave  a  poor  soldier 1.00 

Cash — Dr.  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U.  8. 
Reed  on  accot  of  the  Presidents  Compen- 
sation   2000. 

ISth  


Sunds  Dr.  to  Cash 

House  Exps.  pd.  Bent  Dorsaj  in  full .     .   108.87 

Contgt  Exps  pd.  Js.  M*.  Alpin  in  full  for 
the  tayloring  for  the  President  and 
family  • 479.88 

D^  gave   Mr.  Van   Ghiarsbeek's  servant 

who  brot  a  keg  of  nuts 26 

Stable  Exps  pd  for  100  bunds  of  straw    .       5.60    689.46 

16th  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Fred  Kitt  delivd  him  to  purchase  sun- 
dries for  the  Household 146.79 

House  ExpS)  delivd  D^  to  pay  for  sunds 

pr  bills 116.28 

Contgt  Exps  delivd  D*.  to  purchase  sunds 
afi  pr  bills 14.66    276.72 

17th  


Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Contgt  Exps  delivd  Austin  to  bear  his 

expenses  to  k  from  Virginia  ....      20.00 
Stable  Exps  pd.  for  63  >^  bush  Oats    .     .     27.60      47.60 


19th 


Contingt  Exps.  D'  to  Cash. 

Delivd.  Mrs    Washington    to   pay    Mrs 

Tarbet 6.81 

do.  pd  Jno.  Jones   for   mending  locks 

bells  etc 6.88      12.14 


830    Washington's  Household  Account  Book^  1793-1797. 

£Oth 

Sundrs.  Dr  to  Cash. 

Contgt  Exps.  pd.  Mrs.  Semaire  for  work 

done  for  Mrs  W  &  Miss  Custis  .     .     .      16.89 
Stable  Exps.  pd.  for  200  bundles  straw  .      12.  28.89 

S9nd  

Fred  Kitt  Dr.  to  Cash 

Delivd  him  to  purchase  sunds  for  the 
House 81.79 

£Srd 

Contgt  Exps  Dr.  to  Cash. 

pd  for  Nos  44  of  Careys  Geogy  for  the 

President  &  Mrs  W— .50 

Uth  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Stable  exps.  pd  for  67  bush  Oats   .     .     .  26.80 

Contingt  Exps  pd.  M.  Roberts  for  sun- 
dries pr.  bill    10.29 

D*.  gave  Moll  to  buy  a  pr.  shoes  pr  order  1.50 

Contgt  Exps— delivd  P  Kitt  to  pay  for  1 

parrot  and  cage  by  order  of  Mrs.  W.  .  45/. 

1  Wine  Cock 4/6. 

2  Clothes  Baskets 18/. 

Mending  table  cloth 5/. 

9J57  48.26 

^th  

Bn.  Dandridge  Dr  to  Cash. 

pd.  you  on  a/c  salary 800. 

^9th  

Sundries  D'.  to  Cash. 

Contingt  Exps.  pd.  Richd    Marley  for 

shoes  for  Miss  E.  P.  Custis  &  others     .      15.11 

D'.  pd.  for  a  Stirrup  with  Morocco  Slip- 
per for  E.  Custis 4.00 


Washington's  BousehM  Account  Book,  nQS-irO?.   331 

D^  delivd  M.  Kitt  to  pay  for  3  pr.  stock- 
ings for  Washington     ....     24/. 

2  table  Images 5/. 

portage  of  appels 4/. 

Sp.  of  turpentine 1/6.       4.60 

D^  gave  2  sailors  who  brot.  a  parcel  of 

Fish  sent  by  Wm  Gibbs    .  * 50 

House  Exps  pd    H  Bheaff  in  full  for 

Wines  and  spirits 111.97 

D'.  delivd  M.  Kitts  to  pay  for  one  bottle 
bitters 3/9. 

Wax  tapers  for  lamps 8/. 

Spices 16/. 

9**pwnt 8/. 

5  day's  hire  of  a  cook      ....     75/.     18.97 

Fred  Kitt  delivd  him  to  purchase  sunds     99.79    249.94 

(To  be  Continued.) 


882     Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County^  Pennsylvania. 


ATKINSON  FAMILIES  OF  BUCKS  COUNTY,  PENN- 
SYLVANIA. 

BY  OLIVER  HOUQH. 

(Continued  from  page  287.) 

{Addenda  rdaiing  to  4.  lioae  Atkimon,  On  11  mo.  24,  1712,  [Jan., 
1718,  N.  S.)  Isaac  Atkinson,  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania,  pur- 
chased 160  acres  in  Nottingham  Township,  Burlington  County,  West 
Jersey,  from  John  Rogers,  of  that  place,  (W.  J.  Deeds,  liber  P,  folio 
100).  This  was  about  a  month  before  he  requested  a  certificate  of  re- 
moval from  Falls  Mo.  Mtg.  to  Chesterfield  Mo.  Mtg.  and  confirms  the 
supposition  advanced  on  page  228  that  he  lived  near  what  is  now 
Trenton,  for  its  site  was  within  that  township.  This  Nottingham 
Township  was  afterwards  subdivided,  none  of  the  resulting  parts  retain- 
ing the  name  ;  its  original  area  is  now  all  within  Mercer  County.  On 
April  16,  1715,  Isaac  Atkinson,  being  then  of  Nottingham  Township, 
re-fold  this  160  acres  to  John  Rogers,  (W.  J.  Deeds,  liber  N,  folio  801). 
Their  return  to  Bucks  County  must  have  been  between  this  date  and 
October  of  the  same  year,  when  Sarah  presented  her  certificate  to  Falls 
Mo.  Mtg. 

Oorrectiom  to  page  237,  Footnotes  2  and  8  are  there  transposed  ;  the 
dates  of  the  deaths  of  William  and  Margaret's  children,  Rachel,  Isaac 
and  Thomas,  should  be  referred  to  Falls  Mo.  Mtg.  register,  and  Re- 
becca's to  Martindale's  MSS ;  not  vice  vena  as  it  there  appears. 

On  Bamepage  line  14,  for  17!B5,'] 

6.  Samuel  Atkinson,  born  July  17,  1685,  ^  in  Bristol 
Township,  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania,  died  Feb.  21, 
1775,  *  in  Chester  Township,  Burlington  County,  New  Jer- 
sey, youngest  son  of  Thomas  and  Jane  Atkinson.  *  He 
was  bom  on  his  father's  plantation  and  lived  there  till  about 
three  years  old,  spending  the  rest  of  his  minority  on  one  or 

^  Middletown  Mo.  Mtg.  register. 

'  Obituary  notice  in  Pennsylvania  Oazette. 

'For  much  information  concerning  Samuel  Atkinson  and  his  de- 
scendants, and  references  for  original  sources  of  the  same,  I  take  this 
opportunity  of  acknowledging  my  indebtedness  to  Miss  Helen  Kirkbride 
Morton,  of  Philadelphia,  and  Dr.  W.  S.  Long,  of  Haddonfield,  N.  J. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania.    888 

other  of  the  plantations  of  his  step-fiather,  William  Biles,  in 
Palls  Township,  first  that  on  the  Delaware  River  and  then 
that  which  William  Penn  complained  encroached  on  his 
Manor  of  Pennsbury.  After  coming  of  age  he  continued  in 
the  same  township  until  his  removal  to  West  Jersey,  in  1714, 
in  which  year  he  is  still  spoken  of  as  "  of  Falls  Township," 
and  he  no  doubt  lived  with  some  of  his  Biles  relatives  on 
the  same  land,  as  he  had  none  of  his  own  in  Bucks  County. 
On  6  mo.  4,  1714,  he  requested  a  certificate  of  removal  firom 
Falls  Monthly  Meeting,  and  the  next  day  declared  his  in- 
tentions of  marriage  with  Ruth  Beakes  at  Chesterfield 
Monthly  Meeting  in  West  Jersey,  to  which  she  belonged. 
He  may  have  stayed  temporarily  with  his  brother  Isaac, 
then  living  in  Nottingham  Township,  near  Ruth's  home, 
but  after  their  marriage  the  following  month,  he  took  up 
his  abode  on  his  wife's  property  in  Nottingham  Township, 
she  being  a  lady  of  large  landed  estate. 

On  9  mo.  5, 1719,  Samuel  Atkinson  having  already  re- 
moved with  his  family  within  the  bounds  of  "  New  Town  " 
(Newton)  Meeting,  requested  a  certificate  from  Chesterfield 
Monthly  Meeting,  which  was  issued  10  mo.  3.  Newton 
Meeting  a  constituent  of  Gloucester  Mo.  Mtg.  (now  Had- 
donfield  Mo.  Mtg.)  was  held  at  Newton  in  Gloucester 
County,  but  included  within  its  compass  Chester  Township, 
Burlington  County,  and  it  was  in  the  latter  township  that 
Samuel  Atkinson  had  located.  He  presented  his  certificate 
to  Newton  Mo.  Mtg.  1  mo.  14, 1719/20. 

He  had  purchased  land  in  (as  well  as  removed  to)  Chester 
Township  before  applying  to  Chesterfield  for  the  certificate, 
as  will  be  seen  in  the  account  below.  (Chesterfield  and 
Chester  should  not  be  confused ;  the  two  townships  were  on 
opposite  sides  of  Burlington  County,  and  there  was  a 
Friends  meeting  in  each,  the  former  being  also  a  monthly 
meeting.  Samuel  never  lived  in  Chesterfield  Township,  but 
in  Nottingham  Township,  within  the  compass  of  Chesterfield 
Monthly  Meeting,  and  from  Nottingham  Township  removed 
to    Chester.  Township,  within  the  compass  of  Newton  or 


834    Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  Onmty,  Pennsylvania. 

Gloucester  Monthly  Meeting.)  The  following  accounts  of 
Samuel  Atkinson's  lands  are  restricted  to  those  in  his  own 
right,  and  such  of  his  wife's  as  they  had  made  their  home ; 
to  include  all  of  hers  it  would  be  necessary  to  give  a  history 
of  the  great  landed  property  of  her  father,  Mahlon  Stacy, 
one  of  the  principal  proprietors  of  the  Province  of  West 
Jersey,  and  her  brother,  Mahlon  Stacy,  Jr. 

In  1707/8  he  released'  to  William  Paxson,  all  his  interest  in  his 
father's  land  which  his  mother  had  sold  to  George  Biles,  and  Paxson 
afterwards  purchased. 

By  deed*  of  March  X3,  1718/9,  Samuel  Atkinson  and  Ruth  his 
wife,  released  to  William  Trent,  of  Philadelphia,  two  tracts  in  Notting- 
ham Township ;  one  of  100  acres,  which  William  Emley  by  ¥rill  April 
21,  1704  (it  then  adjoining  Mahlon  Stacy^s  land)  gave  his  daughter 
Mary  ¥rife  of  John  Heywood,  who  sold  Nov.  26  &  27,  1707,  to  William 
Beakes,  who  by  will  March  24,  1710,  deyised  it  to  his  son  Edmund 
Beakes  (it  being  the  plantation  William  Beakes  then  dwelt  on),  who 
sold  it  Nov.  2  &  8,  1713  to  his  step-mother,  Ruth  Beakes  (afterwards 
Samuel  Atkinson's  wife) ;  the  other  also  of  100  acres  adjoining  the  north 
side  of  the  above  plantation,  originally  belonging  to  Mahlon  Stacy, 
Senior,  who  on  Jan.  28  &  29,  1677  conveyed  to  Thomas  Lambert, 
Senior,  1/12  part  of  1/100  part  of  West  Jersey,  whose  son  and  heir 
Thomas  Lambert  on  July  19  &  20,  1714,  confirmed  the  100  acres  to  the 
same  Ruth  Beakes,  (now  Atkinson).  These  adjoining  lands  forming 
one  plantation  were  the  residence  of  Samuel  and  Ruth  until  their 
removal  to  Chester  Township. 

On  Sept.  20,  1719,  Samuel  Atkinson,  "  late  of  Nottingham  Town- 
ship,'' bought  of  Thomas  Adams,  of  Chester  Township,  288  acres  in 
the  latter  township  (Adams'  late  dwelling  place),  also  a  meadow  of  12 
acres  in  Evesham  Township,  adjoining  Thomas  Hooten's  dwelling.' 
(Evesham  and  Chester  then  adjoined,  the  modem  township  of  Mt. 
Laurel,  which  now  separates  them,  having  been  laid  off  firom  the  former 


^  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  8,  p.  404 ;  deed  not  fully  dated ;  it  was  ac- 
knowledged March  9,  1707,  [1707/8]. 

*  West  Jersey  Deeds,  liber  DD,  folio  879.  Samuel  and  Ruth's  resi- 
dence is  given  as  Burlington  County,  no  township  stated.  William 
Trent  was  the  founder  of  Trenton,  which  stood  on  land  originally  be- 
longing to  Ruth's  father,  Mahlon  Stacy. 

*  W.  J.  Deeds,  liber  HH,  folio  225.  In  another  deed  this  is  stated 
to  have  been  2S7}i  acres. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania.     336 

in  1872 ;  the  meadow  was  most  likely  in  the  part  now  Mt.  Laurel 
Township.) 

On  Dec.  4,  1722,  Samnel  Atkinson,  then  of  Chester  Township,  bought 
of  Robert  and  Benjamin  '^Field,  of  Mansfield  Township,  200  acres  in 
Chester  Twp.  adjoining  the  above,  part  of  800  acres  acquired  by  the 
Field's  father,  also  Benjamin.^ 

He  had  thus  a  plantation  (not  counting  the  meadow  in  Evesham)  of 
488  acres.  By  deed  of  Dec  19,  1764,  he  conveyed  to  his  son  Samuel 
Atkinson,  Junior,  the  greater  part  of  this,  871  acres.*  Of  the 
67  acres  remaining  no  record  has  been  found  of  its  disposal ;  it  is  most 
likely  he  retained  it  to  live  on  himself,  and  that  it  formed  part  of  his 
residuary  estate  left  to  his  two  daughters,  though  it  is  not  mentioned  in 
the  inventory,  nor  specifically  in  his  will. 

June  2,  1763,  Samuel  Atkinson,  Edward  Hollinshead,  Samuel  Stokes 
and  Benjamin  Hollinshead,  signed  an  agreement,  fixing  lines  and 
comers  of  their  lands,  which  had  become  uncertain.' 

On  April  27,  1765,  Samuel  Atkinson  joined  Silas  Crispin  and  others, 
all  of  Burlington  County,  in  a  quit  claim  to  Thomas  Wetherill,  of 
Burlington  City,  to  certain  lands  at  Little  Egg  Harbor,  in  settlement 
of  disputed  lands. ^  What  Samuel  Atkinson's  personal  interest  was 
in  these  lands,  is  unknown  to  the  writer. 

The  Atkinsons  of  New  Jersey,  (p.  29),  says  he  settled  in 
Chester  Township  before  1719,  when  he  bought  "  a  large 
tract  of  land  of  Thomas  Adams,  adjoining  his  own,  and 
where  he  then  lived."  But  we  have  seen  above  that  the 
purchase  from  Adams  was  the  first  he  made  here,  and  that 
it  was  the  purchase  from  the  Fields  that  adjoined  the  land 
already  his.  The  sale  of  Ruth^s  Nottingham  plantation  in 
March,  1718/9,  and  the  meeting's  certificate,  prove  that  it 
was  within  the  year  1719  that  they  moved,  some  time  be-, 
fore  November.  The  book  quoted  gives  quite  a  good  ac- 
count of  Samuel  Atkinson,  having  a  few  small  errors  like 
the  one  just  mentioned,  but  it  fails  to  identify  him  as  the 

» W.  J.  Deeds,  Uber  HH,  folio  220. 

'  W.  J.  Deeds,  liber  U,  folio  528.  Matlack  MS,  p.  d29,  has  a  note 
that  Samuel  Atkinson  sold  66  acres  to  Nehemiah  Haines,  but  gives  no 
date  nor  reference  to  record.  This  would  account  for  all  but  the  12 
acres  of  meadow  in  Evesham. 

» W.  J.  Deeds,  liber  U,  folio  110. 

*  W.  J.  Deeds,  liber  W,  foHo  266. 


336    Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ^  Pennsylvania. 

son  of  Thomas  of  Bucks  County,  and  has  some  very  wild 
speculations  as  to  his  parentage.  It  cites  the  statement  in 
his  will  (see  below)  of  his  father  being  entitled  to  a  lot  in 
Philadelphia,  because  he  "came  to  Philadelphia  with 
William  Penn,  and  rendered  him  some  service,"  and  then 
deduces  from  accounts  quoted  by  Thomas  Shourds  in  hia 
History  of  Fenivick's  Colony^  that  these  services  were  the 
furnishing  beef  and  pork  to  the  Proprietary  by  one  James 
Atkinson,  presumably  a  butcher,  and  that  therefore  James 
was  the  fietther  of  Samuel,  confirmed  by  the  name  J.  Atkin- 
son being  found  on  a  plan  of  the  Province  (outside  the 
city).  But  Samuel  himself  gives  the  true  reason  in  hia 
will,  that  is,  that  it  was  in  right  of  his  father's  purchase  of 
600  acres,  and  that  he  saw  his  &ther's  name  on  a  plan  of  the 
city  (probably  Holme's  "  Portrwture ")  not  a  map  of  the 
Province  at  large.  And  it  is  likely  that  the  James  Atkinson 
mentioned  in  the  beef  and  pork  accounts  was  not  really  a 
butcher,  but  the  large  landowner  of  that  name  both  in 
Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey,  who  married  the  widow  of 
Mark  Newbie. 

But  to  quote  the  authenticated  parts  of  this  account : 
"  This  tract "  [the  Adams  purchase]  "  is  at  the  easterly  end 
of  Moorestown  (then  Bodmantown),  and  lies  on  both  sides 
of  the  King's  Boad,  extending  from  Salem  to  Burlington,  as 
laid  out  in  1681.''  '^  His  dwelling  was  a  stately  mansion 
for  the  day  in  which  it  was  built,  for  Samuel  was  a  man  of 
considerable  estate,  and  his  good  wife,  Buth,  a  daughter  of 
Mahlon  Stacy,  had  brought  him  a  large  fortune."  *'  He 
was  a  man  of  influence  in  his  neighborhood,  as  well  in  the 
meeting,  of  which  he  was  a  consistent  member,  as  in  the 
political  movements  of  the  times  then  agitating  the  Colony." 

There  had  been  a  dwelling  already  on  the  Adams  tract, 
but  Samuel  Atkinson  either  remodelled  it  on  an  extensive 
scale,  or  built  another.  At  the  time  the  above  was  written 
(1890)  part  of  it  was  still  standing,  but  no  longer  in  posses- 
sion of  a  descendant  The  same  account  says  that  Stacy 
Atkinson,  who  died  about  1780,  grandson  of  Samuel,  was 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County^  Pennsylvania.     887 

the  last  of  the  name  owning  any  of  the  ancestral  acres. 
The  house  is  now  about  one  mile  from  Stanwick  Station  on 
the  Camden  k  Burlington  Co.  R  R. 

Samuel  Atkinson  did  indeed  live  in  lordly  style  on  his 
fine  plantation,  and  with  the  really  "  large  fortune  "  of  his 
wife  they  were  without  doubt  wealthy  beyond  any  in  the 
township,  the  Rodmans  and  Adamses  perhaps  excepted.^ 
Ruth's  inheritance  from  her  father,  while  large,  was  even 
more  extensive  from  her  brother,  Mahlon  Stacy,  Jr.,  who 
died  intestate  and  childless.  Samuel  joined  Ruth  and  the 
other  heirs  of  her  brother  in  many  sales  of  his  property, 
but  these  have  not  been  included  in  account  of  his  land 
transactions  above,  for  reasons  there  stated,  and  especially 
as  they  did  not  keep  any  of  the  land.  The  Atkinsons  of 
New  Jersey  states  that  Mahlon  Stacy,  Jr.,  lived  the  latter 
part  of  his  life  with  Samuel  and  Ruth  <<  on  the  old  home- 
stead,'* presumably  the  Stacy  homestead,  but  they  had  re- 
moved from  any  Stacy  property  long  before  his  death  (1744), 
and  a  deed  from  his  sister  Mary  Pownall  to  her  nephew 
Thomas  Atkinson,'  states  that  her  brother  Mahlon  had 
lived  just  before  his  death  at  Bridgeton,  (now  Mt  Holly). 

On  Samuel  Atkinson's  plantation  was  a  family  burying 
ground,  where  he  and  his  wife  are  buried,  and  some  of 
their  descendants ;  a  separate  lot  adjoined  it  for  the  burial 
of  slaves.'  He  owned  a  considerable  number  of  slaves,  as 
did  most  Quaker  gentlemen  in  New  Jersey  in  his  day. 
This  family  graveyard  has  shared  the  fate  of  many  other 
such  after  the  surrounding  land  has  been  alienated  from 
the  family;  it  is  in  a  state  of  great  neglect. 

'  Dn.  John  and  Thomas  Bodman,  originally  from  Long  Island,  and 
anceston  of  the  Bucks  County  fiimily  of  that  name.  The  Adamses 
were  descended  from  Miyor  John  Fenwick,  once  Proprietor  of  Fen- 
wick*8  Colony. 

*May  81,  1742,  W.  J.  Deeds,  Uber  C.F.,  folio  174.  This  Thomas 
Atkinson  was  son  of  Samuel  and  Bath. 

*  Woodward  &  Hageman*s  JBistary  of  BurUngUm  County,  (Phila., 
1888),  p.  268  ;  The  Atkinsons  of  New  Jersey,  p.  82. 
VOL.  XXX. — 22 


338    Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  Coimtj/j  Pennsylvania. 

Samuel  Atkinson^s  name  appears  on  the  list  of  freeholders 
in  Chester  Township,  returned  by  Thomas  Hunloke,  Sheriff 
of  Burlington  County,  April  15,  1745.^  This  does  not 
mean  the  office  of  Chosen  Freeholder,  a  township  official, 
usually  abbreviated  to  Freeholder,  an  office  he  at  one 
time  held,  but  this  list  simply  shows  the  owners  of  land 
there  at  that  time.  Samuel,  like  his  brother  William,  was 
active  in  politics,  but  while  his  influence  was  great  in  the 
political  affairs  of  his  township  and  county,  the  offices  he 
held,  though  numerous,  were  only  minor  ones.  Neverthe- 
less, in  his  day  politics  was  the  gentieman's  vocation,  and 
the  small  local  positions  were  frequentiy  filled  by  men  of 
the  highest  standing,  as  they  are  in  England  still.  After 
the  Revolution  many  of  these  offices  came  to  be  considered 
too  trivial  for  men  of  means  or  position,  and  so  it  has 
continued,  until  the  present  generation  has  no  true  concep- 
tion of  the  idea  of  their  ancestors  in  accepting  them. 
Samuel  Atkinson  was  Freeholder  of  Chester  Township 
1725, 1726,  1727  and  1728;  Overseer  of  the  Poor,  1726, 
1727,  1728  and  1729 ;  Assessor,  1722,  1728,  1724,  1785, 
1786,  1737  and  1764;  Collector  (of  taxes),  1734;  Surveyor 
of  Boads  (the  modem  supervisor  *)  1738  to  1746,  inclusive ; 
Surveyor  for  Chester  Township,  elected  1  mo.  7, 1747.* 

Samuel  Atkinson  was  a  birthright  member  of  the  Society 

>  Penna  Mao.,  xxix,  425. 

*  This  position  recalls  the  fiict  that  in  a  few  localitieB  there  has  been 
an  awakening  very  recently  from  the  state  of  affidrs  mentioned  above, 
and  that  in  a  few  places  (notably  some  townships  near  Philadelphia) 
men  of  great  wealth  and  high  social  position  are,  to  the  benefit  of  their 
townships  and  boroughs,  taking  sach  offices  as  road  sapenrisors,  etc. 

'  The  above  list  has  been  compiled  from  the  Court  Book  of  Beoords, 
Burlington  County,  p.  206  ;  the  First  Minute  Book  of  Chester  Town- 
ship, commenced  1693 ;  and  the  Matlack  MS,  in  possession  of  The 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  pp.  177,  278,  820,  322.  A  Samuel 
Atkinson  was  Freeholder  in  1774  and  1776,  who  was  no  doubt  the  son 
of  this  Samuel,  as  the  latter  was  then  nearly  90  years  old,  and  died 
in  the  latter  year.  A  Samuel  Atkinson  was  Constable  in  1772,  who 
may  have  been  neither,  certainly  not  the  father. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County^  Pennsylvania.     389 

of  Friends,  and  grew  up  under  the  care  ot  Falls  Monthly 
Meeting  (in  Bucks  Quarter),  attending  Falls  particular 
meeting.  In  1714  he  changed  his  membership  to  Chester- 
field Monthly  Meeting  (in  Burlington  Quarter),  and  the 
particular  meeting  of  the  same  name,  there  being  none 
nearer  to  Trenton  while  he  lived  there.  In  1719  he  changed 
again  to  Gloucester  Monthly  Meeting  (then  in  Salem 
Quarter),  and  his  particular  meeting  was  at  first  Newton, 
but  within  a  year  after  his  settlement  there,  a  meeting  had 
been  established  at  Chester,  and  attached  to  Gloucester 
Monthly.  Mitchener^s  JSarly  Quakerism^  p.  123,  has  this : 
''  Samuel  Smith  says,  the  meeting-house  at  Chester  was 
built  and  the  meeting  settled  there  in  1721.  But  the  Ches- 
terfield records  mention  assisting  Chester  Friends  to  rebuild 
their  meeting-house,  which  had  been  burned  in  that  year. 
The  meeting  had  probably  existed  prior  to  that  date."  The 
fire  was  really  the  year  before;  compare  the  minute  of 
Falls  Monthly  Meeting  (p.  232  above)  when  William  At- 
kinson, brother  of  Samuel,  was  appointed  8  mo.  5, 1720, 
on  a  ^^  committee  to  collect  subscriptions  from  Bristol  meet- 
ing to  assist  in  rebuilding  Chester  Meeting  House,  Burling- 
ton County,  destroyed  by  fire."  So  there  must  have  been 
a  meeting  at  Chester  very  shortiy  after  SamueFs  arrival, 
and  the  first  meeting-house  burned  when  quite  new,  per- 
haps while  unfinished.  While  he  first  attended  Newton 
meeting,  he  no  doubt  at  once  commenced  to  help  organize 
one  at  Chester,  the  advent  of  his  family  probably  being  the 
cause  of  establishing  the  new  congregation.  Newton 
meeting  has  since  been  <^  laid  down  '^  and  Chester  meeting 
is  now  called  Moorestown  meeting,  but  not  till  aft;er  Samuel 
Atidnson^s  death.  Before  1760  Gloucester  Mo.  Mtg.  had 
come  to  be  called  Haddonfield  Mo.  Mtg.,  and  in  that  year 
Evesham  Mo.  Mtg.  was  divided  from  it,  including  Evesham 
and  Chester  particular  meetings ;  so  after  that  date  SamuePs 
membership  was  in  the  new  monthly  meeting  of  Evesham, 
provided  he  continued  a  Friend  till  then,  which  is  doubtful 
as  we  shall  see  below,  (though  he  was  buried  in  the 
Friends*  burying  ground  at  Moorestown). 


840    Aikmsan  Families  of  Bucks  County j  Pennsyhama. 

Samuel  Atkinson  took  no  active  part  in  the  affidrs  of 
Chesterfield  Mo.  Mtg.  while  a  member  there,  the  only  men- 
tion of  him  in  its  minutes  being  the  declaration  of  his  in- 
tention of  marriage,  and  the  request  for  and  granting  of  his 
certificate  to  "  New  Town  Meeting  in  Qlocester  County." 

But  in  Haddonfield  (early  Gloucester)  Mo.  Mtg.  he  served 
on  committees  9  mo.  14,  1720;  6  mo.  IS,  1722;  6  mo.  12, 
1723;  8  mo.  12, 1730;  and  8  mo.  13,  1740.  He  was  made 
an  Overseer  of  Chester  Meeting  1  mo.  12,  1721  [1720/^  ?] 
and  released  from  that  position  at  his  own  request  4  mo.  18, 
1726 ;  and  a  representative  to  the  (Salem)  Quarterly  Meet- 
ing, 6  mo.  12, 1723  and  1  mo.  9, 1729  [1728/,?]. 

On  8  mo.  12, 1730,  he  requested  a  certificate  for  Stacy 
Beakes  (his  stepnson)  to  Falls  Mo.  Mtg.,  and  on  2  mo.  9, 
1739,  one  for  his  son  Thomas  Atkinson  to  Burlington  Mo. 
Mtg.  On  6  mo.  11, 1759,  <^  Samuel  Atkinson  disunited  as 
a  member  of  this  meeting,"  but  whether  it  was  our  subject 
or  not  is  uncertain ;  there  were  other  Samuel  Atkinsons 
within  the  compass  of  Haddonfield  Mo.  Mtg.,  besides  his 
son,  who  is  mentioned  however  as  ^^  Samuel  Atkinson, 
Junr.^'  But  as  he  was  buried  in  the  Friends^  graveyard  it 
is  likely  this  minute  refers  to  another.^ 

Samuel  Atkinson  died  in  Chester  Township,  Burlington 
County,  New  Jersey,  Feb.  21, 1775,  aged  nearly  90  years. 
The  following  obituary  notice  of  him  appeared  in  the  Pernio 
sylvania  Ghzeiie  of  March  1,  1775 :  * 

"  On  Taeeday  mommg,  the  21"^.  alt,  departed  thlB  life,  in  Burling- 
ton County,  New-Jeney,  Samubl  Atkinson,  in  the  90*^  year  of  his 


'  His  name  certainly  does  not  occur  again  in  the  minutes  of  Haddon- 
field Mo.  Mtg.  but  this  proves  nothing,  as  shortly  after  this  date  Eves- 
ham Mo.  Mtg.  was  established,  to  which  his  membership  if  he  still 
retained  it,  would  have  been  transferred ;  and  the  writer  has  not  exam- 
ined the  minutes  of  that  meeting.  The  above  statements  are  from  the 
several  meeting  records  in  custody  of  their  appropriate  officials. 

'  In  Index  to  Obihuiry  NoHces  PublUhed  in  the  Fennsylwmia  Oazdte^ 
PXKNA.  Mag.,  X,  334,  the  date  of  this  paper  is  incorrectly  given  as 
Feb.  24. 


Atkinsm  Families  of  Bucks  County ^  Pennsylvania.     341 

age,  and  on  the  Thimday  following  his  remains  were  deposited  in 
Frienda  burying-ground  at  Moores-Town: 

In  every  period  and  station  in  life,  he  supported  the  character  of  an 
honed  man,  which  secared  him  the  esteem  of  those  who  were  acquainted 
with  his  virtues. — With  a  tender  and  benevolent  heart,  he  possessed 
extensive  knowledge  and  good  abilities,  which  he  always  cheerfully 
exerted  for  the  benefit  of  his  fellow-creatures.  He  endured  all  the  in- 
firmities of  old  age  with  christian  fortitude  and  resignation,  leaving  this 
world  with  a  well-grounded  hope  of  un&ding  joys,  in  a  kingdom  '  not 
made  with  hand$,  eternal  in  the  Beavent,*  " 

His  will*  was  dated  4  mo.  18,  1769,  and  proved  at 
Burlington,  April  18,  1775,  and  the  inventory  dated  3 
mo.  27,  1776.  He  left  his  son  Thomas  five  shillings, "  hav- 
ing heretofore  paid  for  him  more  than  I  could  afford."  To 
his  son  Samuel  five  shillings,  ^^  I  having  done  sufficiently 
for  him  already.''  Also  to  son  Samuel  mulatto  man  Adam. 
To  daughter  Rebecca  mulatto  boy  Lott  To  daughter 
Buth  two  mulatto  boys  Noah  and  Andrew.  To  son 
Thomas's  two  sons  William  and  John  mulatto  boy  Uz. 
"Whereas  Governor  William  Penn  deceased  (as  I  have 
been  very  well  informed)  did  promise  my  deceased  Father 
if  he  would  take  up  five  hundred  acres  of  land  within  his 
province  he  would  give  him  a  lott  in  Philadelphia  together 
with  liberty  land,  and  my  Father  did  take  un  fiff^r  huQJrrd 
acres  as  by  the  Survey  on  recop^TSS^fsi^peBT  and  dy^ 
soon  after;  and  the  proprietor  did  honestly  and  justly  lay 
out  a  lott  accordingly,  which  I  have  seen  in  a  plan  or  map 
of  the  City  with  my  Father's  name  thereon,  which  said  lott 
and  liberty  lands  which  belongeth  or  appertains  to  me  I  give 
and  devise  unto  my  two  above  said  Daughters  their  heirs 
and  assigns  forever  to  be  equally  divided  between  them." 
(Whether  the  daughters  ever  obtained  possession  of  these 
lots  is  questionable).  Qe  appointed  his  sons-in-law,  Joshua 
Bispham  and  Thomas  Say,  executors.  He  directed  that  the 
persons  to  whom  his  slaves  were  left  should  teach  them  to 
read  the  holy  Scriptures ;  and  that  when  the  slaves  reached 
the  age  of  thirty-five  they  were  to  be  freed,  if  they  behaved 

>  N.  J.  Wills,  liber  17,  folio  168.    Burlington  files  1778-1777. 


342     Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ,  PennsytvarUcu 

well,  otherwise  to  remain  in  servitude  for  life.  All  his 
residuary  estate  to  be  Equally  divided  between  his  two 
daughters. 

Samuel  Atkinson  married  7  mo.  12, 1714,  at  the  house 
of  Mahlon  Stacy  (the  bride's  brother)  under  care  of  Chester- 
field Monthly  Meeting,*  Ruth  (Stacy)  Beakes,  (bom  1  mo. 
80,  1680,*  died  6  mo  9,  1755,'  daughter  of  Mahlon  and 
Rebecca  (Ely)  Stacy,  of  "  Ballifield,"  Nottington  Township, 
Burlington  County,  West  Jersey,  and  widow  of  William 
Beakes,  also  of  Nottingham  Township.  Mahlon  Stacy,  her 
fether,  one  of  the  Lords  Proprietors  of  the  Province  of  West 
Jersey,  (owning  one  quarter  of  a  tenth),  was  one  of  the 
greatest  men  of  that  Province,  and  through  his  daughters 
was  ancestor  of  many  of  the  leading  families  of  Bucks 
County,  Pennsylvania,  as  Pownall,  Kirkbride,  Janney, 
Beakes,  etc.,  as  well  as  of  New  Jersey.  He  was  of  the 
landed  gentry  in  England,  being  a  Stacy  of  Ballifield,  in 
Yorkshire,  whose  pedigree  is  given  in  Rev.  Joseph  Hunt- 
er's History  of  HaUamshire.  [For  further  particulars  of  the 
Stacy  family  see  Note  F.]  William  Beakes,  Ruth  Stacy's 
first  husband,  was  of  a  Bucks  County  family  quite  distin- 
guished in  early  times ;  see  Note  G. 

In  Woodward  &  Hageman's  History  of  Burlington  & 
Mercer  Coanties,  fiusing  page  664  is  a  map  of  <<  The  Site  of 
Trenton  in  1714,  copied  from  Basse's  Book  of  Surveys  by 

^  List  of  marriages  in  Chesterfield  Mo.  Mtg.  pablished  in  Penna. 
Mao.,  ix,  849.  It  !lias  been  claimed  that  in  this  list  sometimes  the 
date  of  the  second  declaration  has  been  taken  as  the  date  of  marriage ; 
bat  the  minates  of  the  Mo.  Mtg.  show  that  the  second  declaration  in 
this  case  was  7  mo.  2,  so  the  12th  is  no  doabt  the  date  of  marriage. 

'Chesterfield  Mo.  Mtg.  register;  Burlington  Mo.  Mtg.  gives  7  mo., 
bat  Chesterfield  is  taken  to  be  correct. 

'  Matlack  MS.  p.  907.  In  list  of  burials  in  Friends  Graveyard  at 
Chester  Meeting,  Moorestown,  p.  282,  Matlack  MS.,  hers  is  recorded 
as  6  mo.  10,  1754,  but  evidently  should  be  the  next  year.  Matlack's 
lists  of  burials,  officials,  etc.  are  generally  correct,  as  taken  firom  official 
lists  ;  some  of  his  biographical  data,  however,  being  firom  hearsay,  are 
firequently  wide  of  the  mark. 


Atkinson  FcmUUes  of  Bucks  Onmtj/j  Pennsylvania.     848 

Olias.  R  Hutchinson/^  This  shows  Mahlon  Stacy's  planta- 
tion of  800  acres,  on  the  Delaware  River  and  both  sides  of 
Assunpink  Creek ;  this  is  all  now  within  the  city  of  Tren- 
ton. Mahlon  Stacy  called  it  "  Ballifield  '*  from  his  ances- 
tral home  in  England.  Adjoining  this  tract  on  the  south, 
is  shown  "  Ruth  Beaks  Plantation,"  also  with  a  frontage  on 
the  Delaware,  near  the  bank  of  which  is  indicated  "R. 
Beakes  House."  This  is  where  Samuel  and  Ruth  dwelt 
after  their  marriage ;  it  was  the  100  acres  bought  from  her 
step-son,  Edmund  Beakes,  mentioned  above.  Ruth  also 
inherited  large  quantities  of  land  from  her  father  and 
brother,  an  account  of  which  more  properly  belongs  to  a 
history  of  the  Stacy  family ;  and  as  such  a  work  is  now  in 
preparation,  the  reader  is  referred  to  it  for  further  particu- 
lars.,  [See  Note  F.] 

Samuel  and  Ruth  (Stacy-Beakes)  Atkinson  had  issue,  (no 
meeting  records  of  their  births  have  been  found,  so  their 
relative  ages  are  uncertain,  though  Thomas  was  eldest  son; 
also  there  may  have  been  others  who  died  young) : 

21.  Thomas  Atkinson,  b. 
Mar. ,  Sasannah  Shinn. 

22.  Samubl  Atkinson,  b. ,  d.  Oct  — ,  1781.* 

Mar. ,  Ann  Coate. 

28.    Rebecca  Atkinson,  b. ,  d. . 

Mar.  let,  1  mo.  12,  1739,  Thomas  Badd,  Jr. 
2nd,  10  mo.  8,  1758,  Thomas  Say,  M.  D.' 

24,    Ruth  Atkinson,  b. ,  d. . 

Mar.  Feb.  — ,  1748,  Joehua  Bispham.' 
The  Atkinsons  of  New  Jersey,  p.  82,  gives  two  more  children,  John 
and  William,  bat  these  are  shown  by  SamueFs  will  to  have  been  grand- 
children, sons  of  Thomas.  It  also  gives  Rebecca's  first  husband  as 
Joshua  Wright  instead  of  Thomas  Budd,  Jr. ;  it  was  really  her  aunt 
Rebecca  Stacy  who  married  Joshua  Wright    In  Isaac  ds  Backel  CblUns, 


*  Evidence  of  his  will. 

*Qee  Life  and  Writings  of  Thomas  Say,  edited  by  his  son,  Phila. 
1796.     He  had  been  married  before. 

'She  was  his  second  wife.  See  Memoranda  Qmceming  the  Family 
of  Bispham,  by  William  Bispham,  N.  Y.  1890. 


844    Atkinson  FamUies  of  Bucks  Counh/^  Pennsylvania. 

Appendix,  p.  160,  Samael  and  Bath  are  given  twelve  children;  the  liat 
■eems  to  be  oompoeed  of  a  mixture  of  the  children  of  Samael  and  Ruth, 
and  those  of  their  son  Samael,  Jr.,  with  some  added  not  known  to  be- 
long to  either.  This  book  also  makes  Thomas  Budd  marry  Bebecca 
(Stacy)  Wright,  instead  of  her  niece  Bebecca  Atkinson,  as  he  really  did. 
It  has  some  other  errors  to  be  noted  in  Note  F. 

12.  William  Atkinson,  Jr.,  bom  9  mo.  18,  1709,^ 
in  Bristol  Township,  Bucks  County,  died  1794  in  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  son  of  William  and  Mary  (Hough) 
Atkinson,  lived  in  early  life  in  the  Borough  of  Bristol,  but 
ahout  1780  (in  which  year  he  came  of  age)  removed  to 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  where  he  in  time  established  him- 
self as  a  shipbuilder,  thus  becoming  a  pioneer  in  one  of 
Philadelphia's  most  famous  industries.  He  purchased 
several  pieces  of  real  estate  in  the  city. 

By  deed  of  release'  dated  March  4,  1730,  William  Atkinson,  then  of 
the  city  of  Philadelphia,  bought  of  Philip  Syng  and  Elizabeth  his  wife, 
a  lot  on  the  south  side  of  Gilbert*s  Alley,  15  feet  wide  and  51  feet  deep, 
part  of  a  larger  lot  which  Syng  had  bought  of  the  executors  of  Arthur 
Wells.     He  disposed  of  this  by  his  will. 

By  deed'  of  Nov.  8,  1751,  he  bought  of  the  heirs  of  Samuel  Fisher, 
deceased,  a  house  and  lot  on  the  west  side  of  Delaware  Front  Street,  20 
ft  4  in  wide  and  85  ft.  S}i  in  deep,  part  of  a  larger  lot  originally 
granted  to  Richard  Bull ;  this  was  bounded  on  the  north  partly  by  his 
lot  already  mentioned.    He  disposed  of  this  also  by  will. 

By  deed*  of  April  17,  1752  he  bought  of  John  Dumer  &  Eliza- 
beth his  wife  a  lot  (including  a  dwelling  house  and  other  buildings)  on 
the  north  side  of  Sassafras  Street^  38  feet  wide  and  51  feet  deep,  part 
of  a  larger  lot  inherited  by  said  Elizabeth  Dumer,  from  her  fiither, 
John  Fumis.  This  was  not  mentioned  specifically  in  his  will,  but  was 
probably  included  in  his  residuary  estate,  as  no  record  of  his  previous 
disposal  of  it  has  been  found. 

On  Feb.  18,  1758,  he  bought^  of  his  father's  executors,  Joseph 
Atkinson  and  Rachel  Stapler  (with  her  husband  Thomas  Stapler),  tiie 
lot  in  Bristol  Borough  that  his  father  had  purchased  from  John  Bor- 
rodaile  in  1712.    He  probably  re-conveyed  this  to  his  brother  Joseph. 

>  Register  of  Falls  Mo.  Mtg. 

<  Phila.  Deed  Book  H3,  page  357. 

*  u  «.        u    D59^    «    400^ 

*  **  •*        **    H3,     *'    887. 

*  Bucks  Ck).  Deed  Book  10,  p.  55. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Sucks  County ^  Pennsytvania.    845 

The  lot  on  Gilbert's  Alley  had  no  house  on  it  at  the  time 
he  bought  it,  but  he  soon  erected  a  brick  dwelling  which 
he  made  his  residence  the  rest  of  his  life.  This  alley,  after- 
wards called  Elfreth's  Alley,  (from  Jeremiah  Elfreth  who 
bought  the  southwest  comer  of  Front  Street  and  the  alley), 
and  sometimes  Preston's  Alley,  ran  from  Front  to  Second 
Streets,  between  and  parallel  to  Mulberry  (Arch)  and  Sassa- 
fras (Race)  Streets ;  it  is  now  part  of  Cherry  Street  These 
small  streets  or  alleys,  off  Front  Street,  now  entirely  given 
over  to  warehouses  or  the  poorest  class  of  dwellings,  were 
then  all  occupied  by  fEunilies  in  very  good  circumstances, 
and  with  Front  Street  itself,  up  to  the  end  of  the  18th 
century,  constituted  the  most  exclusive  residential  locality 
in  the  city.  William  Atkinson  was  living  here  when  Daniel 
Stanton  and  John  Pemberton  made  their  visitation  to 
Friends'  fiEunilies  in  the  city,  1757  to  1760;^  as  his  son-in- 
law,  Israel  Cassell's,  name  also  occurs  on  their  list  as  living 
in  the  same  street,  he  no  doubt  lived  with  William  AtHn- 
8on. 

The  house  on  the  west  side  of  Front  Street  (the  back  of 
which  lot  adjoined  the  back  of  his  home  lot),  was  also,  of 
course,  between  the  present  Arch  and  Race  Streets ;  that 
and  the  house  on  the  north  side  of  Sassafras  (Race)  Street, 
he  apparently  purchased  for  investment  only. 

By  his  will*  dated  May  81, 1788,  proved  Sept  15, 1794, 
he  left  his  house  and  lot  on  Elfreth's  Alley,  and  the  house 
and  lot  on  Front  street,  partiy  adjoining  the  same,  to  his 
grandchildren  (the  children  of  his  deceased  daughter  Re- 
becca Cassell),  Sarah,  wife  of  Peter  Letelier,  Mary,  wife  of 
Josiah  Paul,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Jeremiah  Smith,  Lydia 
Cassell,  Arnold  Cassell  and  Rebecca  Cassell ;  and  to  tliem 
also  he  left  all  residue  of  his  estate,  not  specified ;  James 
Hartiey,  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  merchant,  was  made 
sole  executor. 

All  his  children  except  Rebecca  seem  to  have  died  before 

^  Bee  their  list  of  Friends'  fiuniliee  Tisited  in  Pbnna.  Mag.,  vol.  xyi. 
« Phila.  Will  Book  x,  p.  112. 


846    AthxMcn  FamBtks  of  Bucks  Omniy^  Pennsylvania. 

him  unmarried,  or  at  least  without  issue.  These  grand- 
children, and  their  father  Israel  Cassell,  lived  with  him,  the 
elder  ones  until  marriage,  the  younger  until  his  death. 

William  Atkinson,  Jr.  married  7  mo.  24,  1734,  at  Phila. 
Meeting,*  Sarah  Pawley,  daughter  of  George  and  Mary 
(Janney)  Pawley,  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia.*  Mary 
(Janney)  Pawley  the  mother  of  Sarah,  was  Sister  of  Handle 
Janney,  a  wealthy  citizen  of  Philadelphia,  connected  by 
his  marriage  with  Frances  Righton,  of  a  distinguished 
Barbadoes  family,  with  many  prominent  Philadelphia  fami- 
lies such  as  Biddle  and  Masters  (the  latter  being  allied  with 
the  Penns) ;  Bandle  was  also  a  large  landholder  in  Cecil 
County,  Maryland.  Another  brother,  Thomas  Janney,  was 
ancestor  of  a  well-known  femily  in  Cecil  County,  and  the 
widow  of  his  son  Isaac  married  Benjamin  Hough,  nephew 
of  Mary  Hough,  mother  of  William  Atkinson,  Jr.  Their 
father,  William  Janney,  of  the  parish  of  Mobberley,  Ches- 
hire, England,  (whose  wife  was  Deborah  Webb,  of  Inkstrey, 
StaflTordshire),  was  a  first>oousin,  of  Thomas  Janney,  Pro* 
vincial  Councillor  of  Pennsylvania.*  William  and  Sarah 
(Pawley)  Atkinson  had  issue : 

(Births  from  Falls  Mo.  Mtg.  register). 

26.     Mabt  Atkinson,  b.  10.1.  1736,  d.  before  1788,  probably  unm. 
26.     Rebecca  Atkinson,  b.  6.16.  1737,  d.  before  1788. 
Mar.  6  mo.  26,  1766,  Israel  Cassell. « 


^  Register  of  Phila.  Mo.  Mtg. 

'The  Phila.  Mo.  Mtg.  roister  has:  Mary  Pawley  died  2  mo.  7, 
1718,  wife  of  Geoige;  George  Pawley  buried  10  mo.  1,  1721,  "not  a 
Friend.'' 

'For  further  particulars  see  The  Quaker  Janneys  qf  Cheshire,  by 
Miles  White,  Jr.,  in  Publications  qf  the  Southern  History  Association, 
vol.  viii. 

^  Son  of  Arnold  and  Lydia  (Fordham)  Cassell ;  Lydia  being  daughter 
of  Benjamin  Fordham,  of  Annapolis,  Md.  Arnold  Cassell  was  son  of 
Arnold  and  Susanna  (de  la  Plaine)  Cassell,  and  grandson  of  Johannes 
Cassell,  one  of  the  leading  men  in  early  G^rmantown,  and  one  of  the 
councilmen  (called  *' committeemen")  named  in  the  borough  charter. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  Oowity,  Pennsylvania.    847 

27.  Joseph  Atkinson,  b.  6.6.  1789,  d.  7.18.1747.* 

28.  William  Atkinson,  b,  3.16.  1741/2,  d.  before  1788,  probably 
unm. 

In  some  copies  of  the  Falls  register  in  the  Hist.  Soc.  of  Penna. 
library,  Rebecca's  birth  has  been  miscopied  1784,  and  in  one  of  them 
sbe  has  been  placed  at  the  head  of  the  list  on  this  accoant,  but  in  the 
original  she  appears  in  the  second  place  where  she  belongs. 


May  81,  1691.  His  son  Arnold  married  9  mo.  2,  1698,  Susanna  de  la 
Plaine,  of  a  noble  Huguenot  family  settled  in  New  York,  whose  mother 
was  Susanna  Gresson,  of  a  similar  fiunily,  then  of  New  York,  now 
mostly  transplanted  into  Philadelphia ;  one  of  their  daughters,  Ver- 
onica, married  Isaac  Warner,  son  of  John,  and  grandson  of  William 
Warner  (I)  of  Blockley. 
*  Falls  Mo.  Mtg.  register. 

(To  be  continued.) 


848  Servants  and  Apprentices  Bound  by  James  Hamilton. 


"SERVANTS  AND  APPRENTICES  BOUND  AND  AS- 
SIGNED BEFORE  JAMES  HAMILTON  MAYOR  OP 
PHILADELPHIA,  1745." 

CONTRIBUTED  BY  OSOROS  W.  NSIBLS,  CHESTER,  PENNA. 

October  Sd.  1745. 
(Passengers  per  snow  George,  Capt.  Ambler.) 

Charles  Carrd,  from  Dublin,  consideration  £14  paid  by 
John  Carpenter  of  Gloucester  township  N.  J.  to  Robert 
Wakelj  for  his  passage  and  in  further  consideration  of 
Carpenter  teaching  him  trade  of  a  weaver — apprenticed  for 
five  yeart. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  Nicholas  Smithy  from  Dublin,  to 
Nehamiah  Baker  of  Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  consideration  £15.  to 
serve  four  years  from  Sept.  22,  1745,  and  to  have  custom- 
ary dues. 

Bryan  Dignan,  from  Dublin,  consideration  £15.  paid  by 
Edward  Goff  of  Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  to  Robert  Wakely  for 
passage  money — servant  to  said  Goff  for  five  years. 

John  Havey^  from  Dublin,  consideration  £15.  paid  by 
Joseph  Phipps  jun.  of  Chester  Co.  Pa.,  to  Robert  Wakely 
passage  money  to  Penna.,  servant  to  said  Phipps  for  term 
of  five  years  Robert  Wakely  assigns  Bobert  Burleigh,  from 
Dublin,  to  Richard  Smith  of  Salem  N.  J.,  consideration 
£14.10/,  to  serve  four  years  and  customary  dues. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  Manus  MarUy,  from  Dublin,  to 
Robert  Craig  of  Bucks  Co.  Pa.,  consideration  £14.15/  to 
serve  five  years  from  Sept  22,  1745,  and  customary  dues. 

William  Adair,  servant  to  William  Campbell,  of  Chester 
Co.  Pa.,  with  consent  of  master  goes  aa  servant  to  William 
Clymer,  of  Philada.,  mariner,  for  two  years.  Consideration 
£8.15/  and  customary  dues. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  John  SuUivan,  from  Dublin,  to 


Servants  and  Apprentices  Bound  by  James  Hamilton.  849 

John  Potts  of  Philada.  consideration  £15.10/  to  serve  four 
years  from  Sept.  22  1745,  and  customary  dues. 

Bobert  Wakely  assigns  John  Rielj/j  (from  Dublin),  to 
John  PottB  of  Philada.  Consideration  £15.10/.  to  serve 
four  years  from  Sept.  22  1745,  with  customary  dues. 

Bobert  Wakely  assigns  Daniel  CunneUj  from  Dublin,  to 
John  Potts  of  Philada.  Consideration  £15.10/  to  serve  four 
years  from  Sept  22  1745,  and  customary  dues. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  Thomas  Keaton^  from  Dublin,  to 
John  Potts,  of  Philada.  Conditions  £15.10/  to  serve  four 
years  from  Sept  22  1745,  with  customary  dues. 

Bobert  Wakely  assigns  Qmstantine  McChiire,  of  Dublin, 
to  George  Taylor  of  Philada.  Co.  Consideration  £16.10/ 
to  serve  four  years  from  Sept.  22  last,  with  customary  dues. 

Bobert  Wakely  assigns  Timothy  Wright,  from  Dublin  to 
George  Taylor  of  Philada  County.  Consideration  £15.10/ 
to  serve  four  years  from  Sept.  22  1745,  with  customary 
dues. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  PhiUp  Egan,  from  Dublin,  to 
George  Taylor  of  Philada  County.  Consideration  £15.10/ 
to  serve  four  years  fit>m  Sept  22  1745,  with  customary 
dues. 

Conyngham  k  Gku*diner  assign  John  Steen,  from  London- 
derry, in  the  ship  Woodstock,  G^o  Axton  Com'  to  Joseph 
England  of  Chester  County — Consideration  £12.  to  serve 
four  years  from  18  September  last. 

October  Srd. 

Robert  Dixon  assigns  Mary  Caffery  for  the  remainder  ot 
her  time  to  Charles  Moore  of  Phila.  hatter,  to  serve  five 
years  from  July  11, 1748.  Consideration  £12.  and  custom- 
ary dues. 

Samuel  Powdl,  (son  of  Mary  Powell)  binds  himself  by 
consent  of  mother,  apprentice  to  William  Moode,  shoe- 
maker, for  seven  years  and  five  months  from  this  date,  and 
is  to  have  nine  months  schooling  at  writing  and  reading, 
and  at  the  expiration  of  his  time  one  complete  suit  of  new 
apparel. 


850  Servants  and  Apprentices  Bound  6y  James  Hamilton. 

October  j^th. 

John  Inglis  assigns  Anthony  Adanis  (an  East  Indian  from 
Scotland  in  ship  Anne  Galley,  Capt.  Houston),  to  serve 
Thomas  Mullan  six  years  from  Sept.  20  last  Consideration 
£18.  and  customary  dues. 

Patrick  Kirk  (from  Dublin,  on  snow  George  Capt.  Am- 
bler) in  consideration  £15.  for  passage,  to  Robert  Wakely 
and  in  further  consideration  of  being  taught  trade  of 
butcher,  binds  himself  an  apprentice  and  servant  to  Edward 
Ash,  Philada.  Co.  to  serve  five  years  from  date  &  to  have 
customary  dues. 

John  Allen  assigns  John  Moor  (a  servant  from  Ireland  in 
the  brig*  Carolina,  Capt  John  Allen)  to  serve  Thomas 
Pazton  four  years  from  Oct  8d  inst.  Consideration 
£18.  10/  and  to  have  customary  dues. 

October  5th. 

Edward  Dowers  assigns  Michael  Colleyy  (a  servant  from 
Ireland  on  the  ship  Bolton,  Capt.  Edward  Dowers),  to  serve 
Thomas  Bailey  and  his  assigns  four  years  from  Oct.  4  1745. 
Consideration  £16. — to  have  customary  dues. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  Timothy  Ryan^  (a  servant  from 
Dublin)  to  serve  John  McCormick  k  his  assigns  four  years 
from  Sept.  22  1746.  Consideration  £14.10/,  with  customary 
dues. 

Edward  Dowers  assigns  John  Welchj  (a  servant  from  Ire- 
land in  Ship  Bolton),  to  serve  Anthony  Turner,  of  Frederick 
Co.  Va.,  four  years  from  Oct  4  1745 — customary  dues. 
Consideration  £16. 

Edward  Dowers  assigns  John  Brook,  (a  servant  from 
Ireland  in  ship  Bolton)  to  Alexander  Crookshank,  cord- 
wainer,  three  years  and  a  half  from  Oct  4th  1745,  Consid- 
eration £20.^-customary  dues. 

Edward  Dowers  assigns  Alexander  Birch,  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  ship  Bolton)  to  Abraham  Farrington,  Burling- 
ton Co.  N.  J.,  for  four  years  from  Oct  4th  1745.  Consid- 
eration £17. — customary  dues. 


Servants  and  Appretiiices  Bound  by  James  Hamilton.  361 

Edward  Dowers  assigns  John  Smithy  (a  servant  from  Ire- 
land on  ship  Bolton)  to  serve  William  Lawrence  of  Aliens- 
town  N.  J.  four  years  from  Oct  4  1745.  Consideration 
£17. — customary  dues. 

Edward  Dowers  assigns  Boger  Maker  f  (Servant  from 
Ireland,  on  ship  Bolton),  to  TVllliam  Lawrence  of  Aliens- 
town,  N.  J.  for  four  years  from  Oct  4  1745.  Consideration 
£17. — customary  dues. 

Edward  Dowers  assigns  James  Harding^  (an  Irish  servant 
on  ship  Bolton)  to  William  Lawrence  of  Allenstown  N.  J. 
for  four  years  from  Oct  4  1745.  Consideration  £17., — 
customary  dues. 

Edward  Dowers  assigns  Edward  RoyaU  (a  servant  from 
Ireland  on  ship  Bolton),  to  William  Gte,rwood  of  Philada. 
for  four  years.     Consideration  £16.  customary  dues. 

Robert  Wakely —  WiUiam  Murrough  (a  servant  from  Ire- 
land on  snow  Gheorge)  to  Ebenezer  Brown,  four  years  from 
Sept  22  last.     Consideration  £15. — customary  dues. 

October  7th. 

Jawjts  Thomson^  late  of  New  Brunswick,  East  Jersey, 
binds  himself  an  apprentice  to  Jonathan  Durell  of  Philada., 
potter,  to  learn  the  art  and  mystery  of  a  Potter  for  five 
years  from  the  18th  Sept  1745 ;  to  have  two  quarters  of 
year  night  schooling  and  at  expiration  of  the  said  term  to 
have  two  suits  of  apparel,  one  whereof  to  be  new. 

Nathaniel  Ambler  assigns  Francis  M^Carni,  (servant  from 
Ireland  on  snow  George)  to  serve  John  FuUerton  four  years 
from  Sept  22d  last     Consideration  £19. — customary  dues. 

Jacob  Casdrop  and  John  Johnson,  Overseers  of  the  Poor 
of  the  Northern  Liberties  bind  Elizabeth  Downey^  a  poor 
child,  of  ten  years  of  age,  with  her  own  consent  and  accord, 
to  Charles  Juisian  of  Philada  Co.,  as  an  apprentice  for  eight 
years  from  this  date— the  said  girl  to  be  taught  to  read  k 
write,  and  at  expiration  of  the  said  time  to  have  two  suits 
of  apparel,  one  of  which  is  to  be  new. 

John  Erwin  assigns  William  Stewart  (a  servant  from  Ire- 
land, on  snow  George,  Capt  Benj  Buck,)  to  William  Moode, 


852  Servants  and  Apprentices  Bound  by  James  Hamilton. 

for  four  years  from  Oct.  2.  1745.     Consideration  £22. — 
customary  dues. 

Edward  Dowers  assigns  Peter  Dolan^  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  ship  Bolton)  to  John  Earkbride  of  Bucks  Co. 
for  four  years  from  Oct  4  1746.  Consideration  £17. — cus- 
tomary dues. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  Mary  WUliamsonj  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  snow  George),  to  Anthony  Newhouse,  of  Philada. 
Co.,  for  four  years  from  Sept  22  1745,  Consideration  £13. 
customary  dues. 

Restore  Lippincott  assigns  Johi  Kennedy  for  remainder 
of  his  time,  four  years  from  Sept.  22,  1745  to  Joseph  Burr, 
of  West  Jersey.     Consideration  £16.^-customary  dues. 

John  Chase^  late  of  Liverpool,  England,  in  consideration 
of  £10.  paid  Capt  Dowers  for  his  passage  binds  himself  a 
servant  to  Thomas  Bartow,  of  Chester,  for  three  years  and 
a  half  from  this  date — ^to  have  customary  dues. 

October  8th. 

John  Reardon  assigns  Margery  Nicholson^  for  the  remain- 
der of  her  time,  five  years  from  22  June  last  to  Reuben 
Swain  of  Cape  May,  West  Jersey,  consideration  £14.10/. — 
customary  dues. 

John  Erwin  assigns  Bryan  M^Cann  (a  servant  from 
Ireland)  to  Samuel  Rejmolds  of  Lancaster  Co.  for  four  years 
from  Oct  2  1746. — customary  dues. 

John  Gardner^  from  Ireland  in  brig  Cleveland,  Capt  W" 
Robinson,  in  consideration  of  £8.  paid  by  John  Faires  of 
Philada,  cordwainer,  to  said  Robinson  for  his  passage,  binds 
himself  a  servant  to  said  John  Faires,  for  the  term  of 
eighteen  months  from  this  date. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  Luke  Kelly  (a  servant  on  snow 
George,  from  Ireland)  to  Robert  Dunwiddie  for  four  years 
from  Sept  22,  1746,  consideration  £15.10/,  customary  dues. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Rare  Edwin  Prints.  858 


RARE  EDWIN  PRINTS. 

BT  MANTLE  FIELDING. 

Two  engraved  portraits  by  David  Edwin  have  recently 
<^ome  under  my  notice  that  are  not  only  extremely  rare,  but 
as  far  as  can  now  be  ascertained  are  practically  unique.  In 
one  instance  only  an  unlettered  impression,  printed  on  satin 
is  known,  and  the  print  here  described  is  the  first  impres- 
sion that  has  appeared  printed  on  paper,  with  the  engraver^s 
name.  In  the  second  instance,  the  portrait  is  unknown  to 
any  collector  of  Edwin's  work. 

It  is  surprising  that  only  one  copy  of  these  plates  should 
have  survived  until  our  time ;  and  when  it  is  considered  that 
one  of  the  portraits  is  an  engraving  of  George  Washington, 
it  is  of  added  interest.  The  collector  naturally  turns  to  his 
catalogues  of  the  engraved  portraits  of  Washington,  by 
William  S.  Baker,  published  1880,  and  to  the  work  by 
Charles  Henry  Hart,  published  by  the  Grolier  Club  1904 ; 
also  to  the  catalogues  of  the  collections  formed  by  Hon. 
Hampton  L.  Carson,  and  Hon.  James  T.  Mitchell.  The 
engraving  seems  however  to  have  eluded  all  these  collectors, 
with  the  exception  of  the  unlettered  impression  printed  on 
satin,  referred  to  as  the  work  of  an  unknown  engraver  in 
Baker  391,  and  Hart  273.  In  the  "  Catalogue  of  the  En- 
graved  Work  of  David  Edwin,"  which  I  published  in  1905, 
mention  is  made  of  a  beautiful  little  set  of  portraits  pub- 
lished by  T.  B.  Freeman,  Philadelphia  in  1798,  comprising 
as  far  as  known,  Mr.  John  Kemble,  Mrs.  Merry,  Mr.  J.  E. 
Harwood,  and  Mr.  John  Bernard.  All  of  these  portraits 
are  now  extremely  scarce ;  of  the  Bernard  portrait,  only 
three  copies  are  known  to  exist,  and  one  of  these  is  cut 
close.  Of  the  Harwood  portrait,  we  have  only  restrikes 
from  the  original  plate ;  and  it  is  safe  to  say  an  original  is 
unknown,  as  the  great  collection  of  theatrical  portraits 
VOL.  XXX. — 28 


864  Rare  Edwin  Prints. 

J  formed  by  the  late  Augustin  Daly  of  New  York,  and  which 

!he  was  thirty  years  in  collecting,  had  only  the  modem 
restrike.     This  portrait  of  Washington  seems  to  be  similar 
"  to  the  other  portraits  of  this  set,  resembling  it  in  general 

-:  appearance,  and  in  size,  and  lettering.     The  engraving  also 

;  resembles  in  general  description  and  measurement  Baker 

i  No.  208,  and  Hart  No.  869,  but  in  comparison  with  this 

i  print.  Hart  No.  859  shows  the  well-known  Stuart  type,  while 

the  print  in  question  differs  from  it  in  the  general  arrange- 
ment, being  from  the  Birch  type.  The  following  is  the  com- 
'  plete  description  noted  from  the  print.     Unfortunately  it 

i  is  not  a  perfect  copy  as  it  has  been  somewhat  cut  down. 

!  Washington,  Georqe. 

r 

I  (William  Birch  type.) 

I  Full  bust,  to  left.     Oval  with  border  line  2/16".     T.  B. 

Freeman  Excudit —    D.  Edwin  Sculpt/ 

The  second  print  is  a  folio  portrait  of  Alexander  I".  This 
is  a  very  interesting  example  of  Edwin's  work.  It  was  pub- 
lished in  Philadelphia  18—,  there  does  not  seem  to  be  any 
other  copy  known  among  the  collections.  The  following  is 
a  description  as  noted  from  the  print. 

Alexander  I.  of  Russia. 
Bust  in  uniform,  to  left.  "L*"  de  St  Aubin  del — ^D. 
Edwin  SculpV  Alexander/  Emperor  and  Autocrate  of  all 
the  Russias/  Philadelphia.  Published  Oct.  6*^.  1814  N^  72 
Chesnut  Street/  Hight  5.12/16"  Width  4.6/16''.  Vig- 
nette without  background. 


Christian  Oobrechtj  Artist  and  Inventor.  856 


CHRISTIAN  GOBRBCHT,  ARTIST  AND  INVENTOR. 

BT  0HARLS8   GOBRBOHT  DARRAOH. 

John  ChriBtophcr  Qobrecht,  the  father  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  a  clergyman  of  the  German  Reformed  Church 
m  Pennsylvania,  was  born  in  Angerstein,  Germany,  Octo- 
ber 11, 1788,  and  emigrated  to  Philadelphia  in  1755.  Be- 
tween the  years  of  1766  and  1806,  he  was  minister  in  charge 
of  congregations  in  Lancaster,  York  and  other  counties.  He 
died  at  the  advanced  age  of  82  years.  His  wife  was  Eliza- 
beth Sands,  born  in  1746,  whose  great-great-grand&ther 
James  Sands  was  born  in  England  in  1622,  landed  at  Ply- 
mouth, Mass.,  in  1642,  and  was  one  of  the  early  settlers 
of  Block  Island,  where  he  died  in  1695.  The  Rev.  John 
Christopher  and  Elizabeth  Gobrecht  had  ten  children,  of 
whom  Christopher  was  the  seventh. 

Christian  Gobrecht  was  bom  in  Hanover,  Penna.,  De- 
cember 28,  1785.  At  an  early  age  he  developed  an  origi- 
nality and  taste  for  art  There  are  among  the  collections  of 
the  BKstorical  Society,  a  drawing-book,  dated  1794,  when 
he  was  ten  years  of  dge,  in  which  are  original  sketches  illus- 
trating topics  of  the  day,  drawn  with  an  accuracy  of  percep- 
tion and  strength  of  pencil  remarkable  in  one  so  young,  and 
also  one  dated  1802,  showing  more  fully-developed  talents. 

Early  in  life  he  was  apprenticed  to  a  clock-maker  in 
Manheim,  Penna.  He  taught  himself  the  art  of  engraving 
and  dye-sinking.  He  subsequently  established  himself  in 
Baltimore,  Md.,  where  he  associated  with  William  H.  Free- 
man. He  removed  from  Baltimore  to  Philadelphia  in  1810 
or  1811. 

Previous  to  1810,  he  invented  a  novel  medal-ruling  ma- 
chine, in  which  the  ruler  was  stationary,  and  the  board  upon 
which  the  plate  to  be  ruled  was  placed,  moved,  and  carried 
the  plate.     This  medal-ruling  machine  was  subsequently 


856  Christian  Oobrecht^  Artist  and  Inventor. 

perfected  so  as  to  rule  waved  lines,  and  in  1817  the  first 
specimen  of  this  art  was  exhibited  in  the  head  of  Alexander 
of  Russia. 

The  invention  of  this  machine,  which  revolutionized  the 
art  and  has  been  and  is  of  inestimable  value,  had  many 
claimants,  both  in  this  country  and  in  Europe.  A  contro- 
versy of  nearly  thirty  years,  from  1816  to  1848,  has  left, 
even  up  to  the  present  time,  the  original  inventor's  name  in 
doubt,  notwithstanding  the  disavowal  of  the  principal  claim- 
ant, who  made  no  claims  until  after  1880,  although  the 
firm  of  which  he  was  a  member  had  a  machine,  made  under 
the  directions  of  Mr.  Gobrecht,  and  for  which  they  paid 
him  a  royalty.  In  1816,  Mr.  Gobrecht  was  employed  by 
Messrs.  Murray,  Draper,  Fairman  &  Co.,  Banknote  En- 
gravers of  Philadelphia,  and  the  medal-ruling  machine 
invented  by  him  was  in  use  by  that  firm,  Alva  Mason,  Mr. 
Freeman,  Mr.  Spencer,  Col.  C.  G.  Childs,  and  Rawdon, 
Clark  &  Co.,  of  Albany,  between  the  years  of  1817  and 
1826. 

Among  Mr.  Gobrecht's  earliest  portrait  plates  is  that  of 
George  Washington  for  "D.  Kingston's  New  American 
Biographical  Dictionary,"  published  in  Baltimore  in  1810. 
Other  examples  of  his  work  are  engravings  of — 

Portraits  of  Dr.  B.  S.  Barton,  published  in  The  Port  Folio; 

Rev.  Thomas  Baldwin ; 

Benjamin  Franklin  (for  Delaplaine's  Repository) ; 

Rev.  Andrew  Fuller ; 

Abraham  Rees  (frontispiece  to  Rees's  Encyclopjedia) ; 

David  Rittenhouse  (for  Delaplaine) ; 

Benjamin  Rush  (for  Delaplaine). 

Sometime  between  the  years  1816  and  1821,  Mr.  Gobrecht 
invented  and  manufactured  a  reed  organ,  made  of  an  assem- 
blage of  metallic  tongues  placed  in  a  case  and  operated  with 
a  bellows  and  keys.  The  first  instrument  was  disposed  of 
to  a  gentleman  in  Lancaster,  Penna.,  and  subsequently 
another  instrument  was  made  in  1832,  which  is  in  posses- 
sion of  the  writer's  fitmily.     This  reed  organ  seems  to  be 


Christian  Oobrechtj  Artist  and  Inventor.  367 

the  first  example  of  what  is  the  now  common  cabinet  organ, 
and  it  is  interesting  to  know  that  it  preceded  the  invention 
of  the  accordion. 

In  1832,  Mr.  Gobrecht  made  application  to  President 
Monroe  for  the  position  of  engraver  and  die-sinker  to  the 
United  States  Mint  in  Philadelphia,  and  in  1836  received 
an  appointment  as  assistant  to  William  Eneas.  During  the 
latter  year,  he  designed  what  is  known  as  the  "  Gobrecht 
dollar,"  the  original  design  showing  the  well-known  sitting 
Goddess  of  Liberty  on  the  obverse,  with  a  flying  eagle  on 
the  reverse  side.  The  design  on  the  obverse  was  adopted 
for  all  of  the  silver  currency,  and  was  used  on  the  dollar 
until  1831,  when  it  was  demonetized,  and  on  the  minor  coin 
until  1891.  The  flying  eagle,  originally  designed  for  the 
silver  dollar,  was  subsequently  used  on  the  nickel  penny. 

As  a  die-sinker,  Mr.  Gt)brecht  was  unexcelled,  and  among 
the  best  examples  of  his  handiwork,  may  be  noted  the  Award 
Medal  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  executed  in  1826;  the  Car- 
roll Medal,  the  Charles  Willson  Peale  Medal  (admission  to 
Peale^s  Museum) ;  the  seal  of  St.  Peter's  Church,  Philadel- 
phia; the  Award  Medal  of  the  Massachusetts  Charitable 
Mechanics'  Society ;  the  seal  of  the  Pennsylvania  Institution 
for  the  Instruction  of  the  Blind  (portrait  of  John  Milton) ; 
the  Award  Medal  of  the  New  England  Society  for  the  Pro- 
motion of  Manu&ctures  and  the  Mechanic  Arts,  the  first 
award  of  which  was  made  to  Mr.  Gobrecht  for  "the  genius, 
taste  and  skill  which  he  has  evinced  in  executing  the  dies 
therefor." 

Mr.  Gobrecht  was  the  twenty-fifth  member  of  the  Franklin 
Institute  to  affix  his  signature  to  the  Charter  and  By-Laws 
of  the  Institution.  He  was  a  member  of  its  Board  of  Man- 
agement from  Jan.  1828  to  Dec.  1830,  and  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Science  and  Arts  from  1834  until  his  death. 

At  the  death  of  William  £neas,  Mr.  Gobrecht  was  ap- 
pointed Engraver  of  the  Mint  of  the  United  States  at 
Philadelphia  by  President  Martin  Van  Buren,  which  position 
he  held  until  his  death  on  July  23, 1844. 

Christian  Gobrecht  married.  May  81, 1818,  Mary  Hewes, 


858  Christian  Oobrecht^  Artist  and  Inventor. 

widow  of  Daniel  Hewee,  and  the  daughter  of  Thomas 
Hamilton  and  Bebecca  Leaming.  Their  children  were 
Christianna  Elizabeth,  Bebecca  Mary,  Charles  Joseph,  and 
William  Henry.  Christiana  Elizabeth  married  Dr. 
William  Darrach.  Rebecca  and  Charles  both  died  unmar- 
ried. William  Henry  studied  medicine  and  became  a  noted 
surgeon,  author  and  artist,  who  served  during  the  War  of 
the  Rebellion  as  Brigade  Surgeon  for  Oten.  Hancock,  and 
was  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Surgery  in  the  Cincinnati 
College  of  Medicine. 


General  Oreene^s  Letter  to  General  Washington.       359 


LETTER   OF  GENERAL  NATH'L.  GREENE  TO  GEN'L. 
WASHINGTON,  1781. 

[Manuscript  Collection  The  Hifltorical  Society  of  PennsjlTania.] 

Head  Quabtebs  MABiiiis  Tavebv  Nkab 
Febgxtbok's  Swamp  South  Cabolina 

September  11,  1781 
Sib 

Li  my  despatch  of  the  25  of  August  I  informed  your  Ex- 
cellency that  we  were  on  our  march  for  Fryday's  ferry 
to  form  a  junction  with  the  State  Troops,  and  a  Body  of 
Militia  collecting  at  that  place,  with  an  intention  to  make  an 
attack  upon  the  British  Army  laying  at  Colonel  Thompsons 
near  McCords  ferry,  On  the  27  on  our  arrival  near  fipy- 
day's  ferry  I  got  intelligence  that  the  Enemy  were  retiring. 

We  crossed  the  River  at  Howell's  ferry  and  took  poet  at 
Mottes  plantation,  Here  I  got  intelligence  that  the  Enemy 
had  halted  at  the  Eutaw  Springs  about  forty  miles  below 
us ;  and  that  they  had  received  a  reinforcement  and  were 
making  preparations  to  establish  a  permanent  post  there. 
To  prevent  this  I  was  determined  rather  to  hazard  an  action, 
notwithstanding  our  numbers  were  greatly  inferior  to  theirs. 
On  the  5^  we  began  our  march  our  baggage  and  stores 
having  been  orderd  to  Howell's  ferry  under  a  proper  guard. 
We  moved  by  slow  and  easy  marches  as  well  to  disguise  our 
real  intention  as  to  ^ve  General  Marion  an  opportunity  to 
join  us  who  had  been  detached  for  the  support  of  Colonel 
Harding  a  report  of  which  I  transmitted  in  my  letter  of  the 
5^  dated  at  Maybricks  Creek,  General  Marion  joined  us 
on  the  Evening  of  the  7th  at  Burdells  plantation  seven  miles 
from  the  Enemy's  Camp, 

We  made  the  following  disposition  and  marched  at  4 
o'clock  the  next  morning  to  attack  the  Enemy.  Our  front 
Line  was  composed  of  four  small  Battalions  of  Militia  two 


860       General  Greenes  Letter  to  General  Washingtmu 

of  North  and  two  of  South  Carolinians  one  of  the  South 
Carolinians  was  under  the  immediate  command  of  Brigadier 
General  Marion,  and  was  posted  on  the  right,  who  also 
commanded  the  front  Line,  the  two  North  Carolina  Battalions 
under  the  command  of  Colonel  Malmady  was  posted  in  the 
centre  and  the  other  South  Carolina  Battalion  under  the 
command  of  General  Pickens  was  posted  upon  the  left, 

Our  second  Line  consisted  of  three  small  Brigades  of 
Continental  Troops,  one  from  North  Carolina,  one  from 
Virginia,  and  one  from  Maryland.  The  North  Carolinians 
were  formed  into  three  Battalions  under  the  command  of 
Lieut,  Colonel  Ash,  Majors  Armstrong  and  Blount,  the 
whole  commanded  by  General  Sumner  and  posted  upon 
the  right,  The  Virginians  consisted  of  two  Battalions 
commanded  by  Major  Snead  and  Captain  Edmonds,  and 
the  whole  by  Lieut,  Colonel  Campbell,  and  posted  in  the 
center.  The  Marylanders  also  consisted  of  two  Battalions 
commanded  by  Lieut,  Colonel  Howard,  and  Major  Hard- 
mfm  and  the  Brigade  by  Colonel  Williams  the  Dep^  Adju- 
tant General  to  liie  Army,  and  were  posted  upon  the  left, 
Lieut,  Colonel  Lee  with  his  Legion  cover'd  our  right  flank, 
and  Lieut,  Col.  Henderson  with  the  State  Troops  com- 
manded by  Lieut,  Colonels  Hampton,  Middleton  and  Polk, 
our  left,  Lieut,  Colonel  Washington  with  his  Horse  and  the 
Deleware  Troops  under  Captain  Kirkwood  formed  a  Corps 
De  reserve.  Two  three  pounders  under  Captain  Lieut 
Ghdns  advanced  with  the  front  Line  and  two  sixes  under 
Captain  Browne  with  the  second. 

The  Legion  and  State  Troops  formed  our  advance  and 
were  to  retire  upon  the  flanks  upon  the  Enemy's  forming, 
In  this  order  we  moved  on  to  the  attack,  the  Legion  and 
State  Troops  fell  in  with  a  party  of  the  Enemy's  Horse  and 
foot  about  four  miles  from  their  Camp,  who  mistaking  our 
people  for  a  party  of  Militia  charged  them  briskly,  but  were 
soon  convinced  of  their  mistake  by  the  reception  they  met 
with,  the  Lifiemtry  of  the  State  Troops  kept  up  a  heavy  fire, 
and  the  Legion  in  front  under  Captain  Rudolph  charged 


General  Ghreene's  Letter  to  Oeneral  Washington.       361 

them  with  fixed  Bayonets,  they  fled  on  all  sides  leaving  four 
or  five  dead  on  the  ground  and  several  more  wounded.  As 
this  was  supposed  to  be  the  advance  of  the  British  Army 
our  front  Line  was  orderd  to  form  and  move  on  briskly  in 
Line,  The  Legion  and  State  Troops  to  take  their  position 
upon  the  fianks.  All  the  country  is  covered  with  Timber 
rom  the  place  the  action  began  to  the  Eutaw  Springs,  The 
firing  began  again  betweto  two  and  three  miles  from  the 
British  Camp, 

The  Militia  were  orderd  to  keep  advancing  as  they  fired, 
The  Enemy's  advanced  parties  were  soon  driven  in  and  a 
most  tremendous  fire  began  on  both  sides  from  right  to  left 
and  the  Legion  and  State  Troops  were  closely  engaged. 

General  Marion,  Colonel  Malmady  and  General  Pickens 
conducted  the  Troops  with  great  gallantry,  and  good  con- 
duct, and  the  Militia  fought  with  a  degree  of  Spirit  and 
firmness  that  reflects  the  highest  honor  upon  this  class  of 
Soldiers,  But  the  Enemy's  fire  being  greatly  superior  to 
ours,  and  continuing  to  advance,  the  Militia  began  to  ^ve 
ground. 

The  North  Carolina  Brigade  under  General  Sumner  was 
orderd  up  to  their  support.  These  were  all  new  Levies, 
and  had  been  under  discipline  but  little  more  than  a  month, 
notwithstanding  which  they  fought  with  a  degree  of  obsti- 
nacy that  would  do  honor  to  the  best  veterans  and  I  could 
hardly  tell  which  to  admire  most,  the  gallantry  of  the 
Ofiicers  or  the  bravery  of  the  Troops,  They  kept  up  a 
heavy  and  well  directed  fire,  and  the  enemy  returned  it 
with  equal  spirit,  for  they  really  fought  worthy  of  a  better 
cause,  and  great  execution  was  done  on  both  sides.  In  this 
stage  of  the  action  the  Virginians  under  Lieut.  Colonel 
Campbell,  and  the  Maryland  Troops  under  Colonel  Wil- 
liams were  led  on  to  a  brisk  charge  with  trailed  arms, 
through  a  heavy  Cannonade  and  a  shower  of  Musquet 
Balls, 

Nothing  could  exceed  the  gallantry  and  firmness  of  both 
Officers  and  Men  upon  this  occasion,     They  preserved  order 


362       QeriercU  Oreen^s  Letter  to  Greneral  Washingtcvu 

and  pressed  on  with  such  unshaken  resolution  that  they  bore 
down  all  before  them,  The  Enemy  were  routed  in  all 
quarters,  Lieut  Colonel  Lee  had  with  great  address,  gal- 
lantry and  good  conduct  turned  the  Enemy's  left  flank  and 
was  charging  them  in  rear  at  the  same  time  the  Virginia 
and  Maryland  Troops  were  charging  them  in  front.  A 
most  valuable  officer  Lieut.  Colonel  Henderson  got  wounded 
early  in  the  action,  and  Lieut.  Colonel  Hampton  who  com- 
manded the  State  Cavalry,  and  who  fortunately  succeeded 
Lt.  Col.  Henderson  in  command,  charged  a  party  of  the 
Enemy  and  took  upwards  of  One  hundred  prisoners  Lieut. 
Colonel  Washington  brought  up  the  Corps  De  reserve  upon 
the  left;  where  the  Enemy  seemed  to  be  disposed  to  make 
farther  resistance  and  charged  them  so  briskly  with  the 
Cavalry  and  Capt.  Kirkwoods  Li&ntry  as  gave  them  no 
time  to  rally  or  form,  Lieut.  Colonel  Polk  &  Middleton 
who  commanded  the  State  Lifantry  were  no  less  conspic- 
uous for  their  good  conduct,  than  for  their  intrepidity,  and 
the  troops  under  their  command  gave  a  specimen  of  what 
may  be  expected  from  men  naturally  brave  when  improved 
by  proper  discipline,  Captain  Lieut.  Gains  who  com- 
manded the  two  three  Pounders  with  the  front  Line  did 
great  execution  untiU  his  pieces  were  dismounted. 

We  kept  close  at  the  Eutaw  Huts  after  they  broke  until 
we  got  into  their  Camp,  and  a  great  number  of  prisoners 
were  continually  falling  into  our  hands,  and  some  hundreds 
of  the  Fugitives  run  off  towards  Charles  Town,  But  a 
party  threw  themselves  into  a  large  three  story  brick  House 
which  stands  near  the  spring,  others  took  post  in  a  pic- 
quetted  Garden,  while  others  were  lodged  in  an  impene- 
trable thicket  consisting  of  a  cragged  shrubb  called  a  black 
Jack. 

Thus  secured  in  front,  and  upon  the  right  by  the  House 
and  a  steep  Ravine,  upon  the  left  by  the  picquetted  Garden, 
and  the  impenetrable  Shrubbs,  and  the  rear  also  being  se- 
cured by  the  Springs  and  deep  hollow  ways  the  Enemy 
renewed  the  action,    Every  exertion  was  made  to  dislodge 


General  Qreme^s  Letter  to  Grcneral  Washington.       368 

them,  Lieut.  Colonel  Washington  made  most  astonishing 
efforts  to  get  through  the  Thickett  to  charge  the  Enemy  in 
the  Rear,  but  found  it  impracticable,  had  his  Horse  shot 
under  him,  and  was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner.  Four 
six  pounders  were  orderd  up  before  the  House,  two  of  our 
own  and  two  of  the  Enemy's  which  they  had  abandoned 
and  they  were  pushed  on  so  much  under  the  command  of 
the  fire  from  the  House,  and  the  Party  in  the  Thicketts  as 
rendered  it  impracticable  to  bring  them  off  again  when  the 
troops  were  ordered  to  retire,  Never  were  pieces  better 
served,  most  of  the  men  and  officers  were  either  killed  or 
wounded. — ^Washington  failing  in  his  charge  upon  the  left, 
and  the  Legion  baffled  in  an  attempt  upon  the  right,  and 
finding  our  Infantry  galled  by  the  fire  of  the  Enemy,  and 
our  ammunition  mostly  consumed,  tho  both  officers  and  men 
continued  to  exhibit  uncommon  acts  of  heroism,  I  thought 
proper  to  retire  out  of  the  House  and  draw  up  the  Troops 
at  a  little  distance  in  the  Woods  not  thinking  it  advisable  to 
attempt  to  push  our  advantages  further,  being  persuaded 
the  Enemy  could  not  hold  the  post  many  Hours,  and  that 
our  chance  to  attack  them  on  the  retreat  was  better  than  a 
second  attempt  to  dislodge  them,  in  which,  if  we  succeeded, 
it  must  be  attended  with  considerable  loss. 

We  collected  all  our  wounded  except  such  as  were  under 
the  command  of  the  fire  of  the  House,  and  retired  to  the 
ground  from  which  we  marched  in  the  morning,  there  being 
no  water  nearer,  and  the  Troops  ready  to  faint  with  the 
heat,  and  want  of  refreshment,  the  action  having  continued 
near  four  hours.  I  left  on  the  field  of  Action  a  strong  Pic- 
quett  and  early  the  next  morning  detached  General  Marion, 
and  Lieut  Colonel  Lee  with  the  Legion  Horse  between 
Eutaw  and  Charles  Town,  to  prevent  any  reinforcement 
from  coming  to  the  relief  of  the  Enemy,  and  also  to  retard 
their  march  should  they  attempt  to  retire,  and  give  time  for 
the  Army  to  fall  upon  their  rear  and  put  a  finishing  stroke 
to  their  successes.  We  left  two  pieces  of  our  ArttUlery  in 
the  hands  of  the  Enemy,  and  brought  of  one  of  theirs.     On 


364       General  Greent^s  Letter  to  General  Washington. 

the  evening  of  the  9th  the  Enemy  retired  leaving  upwards 
of  70  of  their  wounded  behind  them,  and  not  less  than  1000 
stand  of  Arms  that  were  picked  upon  the  field,  and  found 
broke  and  concealed  in  the  Eutaw  Springs.  They  stove  be- 
tween twenty  and  thirty  Puncheons  of  Rum,  and  destroyed 
a  great  variety  of  other  Stores  which  they  had  not  carriages 
to  carry  ofi".  We  persued  them  the  moment  we  got  intelli- 
gence of  their  retiring.  But  they  formed  a  junction  with 
Major  McArthur  at  this  place,  Qen^  Marion  and  Lieut. 
Colonel  Lee  not  having  a  force  sufficient  to  prevent  it.  But 
on  our  approach  they  retired  to  the  neighborhood  of 
Charles  Town,  We  have  taken  500  prisoners  including  the 
wounded,  the  Enemy  left  behind ;  and  I  think  they  cannot 
have  sufierd  less  than  600  more  in  killed  and  wounded, 
The  Fugitives  that  fled  from  the  field  of  Battle  spread  such 
an  alarm  that  the  Enemy  burnt  their  Stores  at  Dorchester 
and  abandoned  the  post  at  fair  Lawn,  and  a  great  number 
of  Negroes  and  others  were  employed  in  falling  Trees 
across  the  road  for  some  miles  without  the  Gtetes  of  Charles 
Town, 

Nothing  but  the  brick  House,  and  the  peculiar  strength 
of  the  position  at  Eutaw  saved  the  remains  of  the  British 
Army  from  being  all  made  Prisoners, 

We  persued  them  as  far  as  this  place  but  not  being  able 
to  overtake  them  we  shall  halt  a  day  or  two  to  refresh ;  and 
then  take  our  old  position  on  the  high  Hills  of  Santee. 

I  think  myself  principally  indebted  for  the  victory  we 
obtained  to  the  free  use  made  of  the  Bayonet  by  the  Vir- 
ginians and  Marylanders,  the  Lifantry  of  the  Legion  and 
Captain  Kirkwoods  Light  Lifantry,  and  tho'  few  Armies 
ever  exhibited  equal  bravery  with  ours  in  general,  yet  the 
conduct  and  intrepidity  of  these  Corps  were  peculiarly  con- 
spicuous, Lieut,  Col,  Campbell  fell  as  he  was  leading  on  his 
Troops  to  the  Charge,  and  tho  he  fell  with  distinguished 
marks  of  honor  yet  his  loss  is  much  to  be  regretted ;  He 
was  the  great  soldier  and  the  firm  patriot, — 

Our  loss  in  officers  is  considerably  more  from  their  value 


Oeneral  Oreene's  Letter  to  General  Washington.      365 

than  their  number,  for  never  did  either  men  or  officers  offer 
their  blood  more  willingly  in  the  service  of  their  Country. 
I  cannot  help  acknowledging  my  obligations  to  Colonel 
Williams  for  his  great  activity  on  this  and  many  other  occa- 
sions in  forming  the  army,  and  for  his  uncommon  intre- 
pidity in  leading  on  the  Maryland  Troops  to  the  charge, 
which  exceeded  anything  I  ever  saw,  I  also  feel  myself 
greatly  indebted  to  Captains  Pierce  and  Pendleton,  Major 
Hyrne  and  Captain  Shubrick,  my  Aids  de  Camp  for  their 
Activity  and  good  conduct  throughout  the  whole  of  the 
Action, 

This  dispatch  will  be  handed  your  Excellency  by  Cap- 
tain Pierce,  to  whom  I  beg  leave  to  refer  you  for  further 
particulars, 
I  have  the  honor  to  be  with  great  respect 
Your  Excellency's 

Most  Obedient  and  most 

humble  servant 
Nath^  Greene 


.9  ^xZ^Xh  ±SZ  JTStS^^TLTjJL^ 


A-rraiBTTao  3r  Ksr:&  ;rDra»  larrx. 


X'lnn  "im  ^ifi  ifTlliiuuiitt  uut  Aoiu^  J'Miui»  -wim  1*113.  i&as^ 
S-irii  fay  \<  -Oft  Ilni  auuuii  I''*1S  miini:  -iut  Jtii  ir  jim Oiimr 
XL  '^Aft  axbriivuui  i^iur  'iiB:  "nirt  (117  u:  "iii^  ^r^stskL 

Zjsa^iui    tmitfarasr    uf   ITuiiniift  nut  JLine  ^nius  -vat. 

ii  ijvir  .a  "hit  juiraiiMr  "hift  it  t*?  it  -iut  -rnttt 

JSiaauv^a  ton^rinsr  if  7!u:aidft  nut  *ini»  7*iiu!»  ir»  itira. 

-sut  uharuvuift  "Sut  T^si  107  wf  -ift  iroiik. 

luxiutgrxuk  'TiA  iaiUjCirar  \i  r^xiumw  nut  ^ints  ^'^intis  ^v^k 
v>r!i  "tiit  >a  taj  ••!?  tiui  ka.  311:110.  ir  !»•  ibtinr  -±4*  Ilii 
ixiyir  Ji  iut  ishisrurj-XLA  j*  :3ixri  147  :€  -fut  vi^k. 

l&^aa  ir>a  ^if  Tutr.matt  nut  Aia*  ^;iie»  -¥tm  a*:rL  "ie  Uti 

iSrin  tasj  "A  isj^  lii.  3i*--acL  IT*\  lAoor  j*  «e:iiit  iincr 
ii  ^iut  au^mrn^  'i*  irK  -taj  -sif  j*  -ViKs. 

7^  liai  'ifl^'  'iiif  j^  11  Ua^ivdL  1712  iiAjfe  an.  ii^ixr  ziwc  tu 

lL^  1  «rL  4acj  ^>f  'Xft  id  sl/jAsL  171<  j£f!j«c:  ait  iai  b:izr  5a. 

^jTm0A'^  I&  'jsnaAJf^  itg^KTJtA  doft  Ii£fe  tLe  -fek  day  or  :aie 
^tfc  Ryyc-d*.  1727  I&  ^bk  il  y  ^>st  14  m^xcik  of  hs  ae«- 
ItotL  tLk  daoBfbfiCT  ofTETu  ioid  VnaidiM  Jcjum  w  ben 


Oerualogieal  Records  of  the  Jones  Family.  867 

the  7th  day  of  ye  4*^  mo.  1741  about  ye  7th  hour  in  ye 
afternoon  it  being  ye  first  day  of  ye  week. 

1764  Lewis  Jones  his  Book  Bought  of  Ruth  Jones 
Daughter  of  Evan  Jones  deseased  for  five  Shilings. 

My  Dear  husband  Lewis  Jones  Departed  this  Life  the  3 
day  of  ye  4  month  1778  being  ye  6  Day  of  the  Week  &  was 
buried  ye  5  of  the  month  aged  72  years  10  months  &  27 
Days. 

Our  dear  Mother  Katharine  Jones  Departed  this  Life  the 
9th  Day  of  the  1  M**  1794  about  6  o'clock  in  the  morning 
aged  85  years  2  mo  &  20  Days. 

Joseph  Jones  my  Son  Departed  This  Life  the  12th  day 
of  ye  8  month  1788  abought  half  past  7  in  the  Evening 
aged  40  years  1  month  &  25  Days. 

Ruth  Lewis  the  daughter  of  Evan  Jones  Departed  this 
life  28  day  of  5  month  1785.  Ageed  44  years  1  month  & 
21  Days. 

Dear  Mother  Katharine  Jones  departed  this  life  the  9th 
Day  of  the  1  M**  1794  about  6  o'clock  in  the  morning. 

Our  dear  Father  Thomas  Jones  departed  this  Life  ye  4th 
day  of  ye  8  mo  1727  being  the  fourth  Day  of  the  week 
&  was  buryed  the  6  day  following  aged  about  57  years  & 
10  month. 

Our  dear  Mother  Ann  Jones  departed  this  Life  ye  14** 
day  of  ye  9th  mo  1782  being  the  third  day  of  the 
week  &  was  buryed  the  16  of  ye  said  month  aged  about  59 
years. 

My  dear  Wife  Elizabeth  Jones  departed  this  Life  ye  8 
day  of  the  2*  mo  1785  being  the  third  day  of  ye  week  &  waa 
buryed  the  11th  day  of  ye  sd.  month  aged  about  47  years 
&  5  months. 

Ann  a  bom  Daughter  of  William  Horn  and  ye  sd.  Eliza- 
beth was  bom  ye  24***  day  of  9th  mo  173  J  about  five  o'clock 
in  y*  morning.  William  Hom  Departed  this  life  on  20  day 
of  ye  12mol78J. 

Our  Sister  Mary  Jones  departed  this  Life  ye  28  day  of 
ye  2  mo.  1740  being  the  fourth  day  of  the  week  &  was 


868  Chnealogieal  Becords  of  the  Jones  Family. 

Buried  the  25th  of  ye  sd  mo  aged  about  26  years  ft  three 
months. 

My  dear  Wife  Priscilla  Jones  departed  this  Life  ye  25th 
day  of  the  10th  mo  1742  being  the  Seventh  day  of  the  week 
ft  was  Buried  the  27th  day  of  ye  sd  mo  aged  about  23  years 
and  some  months. 

The  4th  day  of  ye  12  mo  following  my  daughter  Ruth 
went  to  my  father  in  Law  John  Jones  to  live. 

Our  Brother  Eavan  Jones  Departed  this  Life  the  28th 
Day  of  the  5*^  mo  1748  being  the  5  Day  of  the  week  and 
whas  buried  the  30  of  the  said  mo  aged  38  years  and  8 
months. 

Our  Sister  Elisabeth  Jones  Departed  this  Life  the  3d  of 
ye  8  month  1765  being  ye  7  day  of  the  week  and  was  buried 
the  4  day  of  ye  month  aged  58  years  8  months  ft  25  days. 

John  Jones  Son  of  David  ft  Catharine  Jones  his  Wife 
was  Bom  31  Day  of  the  9  Mounth  1697. 

James  Jones  the  Son  David  ft  Catharine  Jones  his  Wife 
was  Born  the  31  day  of  5  mounth  1699. 

Susanna  Jones  Daughter  of  David  ft  Catharine  Jones  his 
Wife  was  Born  the  24  day  of  the  9  Mounth  1702. 

John  Jones  Son  of  David  ft  Catharine  Jones  his  wife  was 
born  the  16  day  of  the  2  Mounth  170  7^. 

Lewis  Jones  Son  of  David  ft  Catharine  Jones  his  wife  was 
born  th.  27  of  the  2  mounth  1705. 

David  Jones  Son  of  David  and  Catharine  Jones  his  Wife 
was  born  the  14  of  the  5  Mounth  1706. 

David  Jones  Son  of  David  ft  Catharine  Jones  his  Wife 
Departed  this  Life  the  24  of  the  Sixth  Mounth  1729. 

Isaac  Jones  Son  of  David  ft  Catharine  Jones  his  Wife  was 
born  the  1  day  of  th.  7  Mounth  1708. 

Alee  Jones  the  Daughter  of  David  ft  Catharine  Jones  his 
Wife  was  born  the  1  day  of  the  4  Mounth  1710.  Alee  De- 
parted this  Life  the  24  day  of  the  10  Mounth  1710. 

Ellin  the  Daughter  of  David  ft  Catharine  Jones  was  bom 
the  11  day  of  the  11  Mounth  1713. 

Elizabeth  Departed  this  Life  11  of  the  10  Mounth  1714. 


Qemahgical  Records  of  the  Jones  Family.  369 

Jacob  Jones  Son  of  David  k  Catharine  Jones  was  born 
the  30  of  the  2  Mounth  1716. 

EUin  Departed  this  Life  the  6  of  12  Mounth  1764. 

David  Jones  Son  of  Lewis  Jones  and  Catharine  his  Wife 
was  bom  ye  29  of  ye  8  mo  1783. 

Stih  Jones  Son  of  Lewis  Jones  and  Catharine  his  Wife 
was  born  ye  8th  of  ye  12  mo  1735/6. 

Seth  Jones  Departed  this  Life  ye  10th  of  ye  2  mo.  1736. 

Ann  Jones  Daughter  of  Lewis  Jones  and  Catharine  his 
Wife  was  born  10th  of  ye  12  mo  1736/7. 

Thomas  Jones  Son  of  Lewis  Jones  and  Catharine  his 
Wife  was  born  ye  9th  of  ye  4  mo.  1739. 

Isaac  Jones  Son  of  Lewis  Jones  and  Catharine  his  Wife 
was  born  ye  12  of  ye  9  mo  1741. 

Isaac  Jones  Departed  this  Life  ye  7th  of  ye  7th  mo  1742. 

Joseph  Jones  Son  of  Lewis  Jones  and  Catharine  his  Wife 
was  born  ye  17th  of  ye  4  mo  1743. 

Thomas  Jones  Departed  this  Life  ye  14th  of  ye  5  mo 
1745. 

Lewis  Jones  Son  of  Lewis  Jones  and  Catharine  his  Wife 
was  bom  ye  17th  of  ye  8  mo  1745. 

David  Jones  departed  this  life  6  mo  the  20  1810  about 
half  past  10  o'clock  in  the  evening  aged  76  Years  7  Months 
k  13  Days. 

Joseph  Jones  Departed  this  Life  ye  12th  of  ye  8  mo  1788. 

Ann  Jones  departed  this  life  10  m  21st  1814  aged  77 
years  8  Months  k  21  Days. 

Jane  Jones  departed  this  life  4  mo  9th  1815  aged  72 
years  9  mo  and  22  Days. 

John  the  Son  of  Thomas  and  Ann  Jones  departed  this 
Life  the  12th  day  of  the  2*  month  1706  about  ye  6th  or  7th 
hour  in  the  morning  being  the  6th  day  of  the  week  and  was 
buryed  the  14th  day  being  the  first  day  following. 

The  holy  bible  Containing  the  old  and  new 
Testament  being  the  writtings  of  ye 
prophets  and  apostles  as  were  moved 
by  the  holy  Ghost. 
VOL.  XXX. — 24 


870  Genealogical  Records  of  the  Jones  Family, 


1! 

I* 
,1 


Katherine  ye  Daughter  of  Thomas  and  Anne  Jones  de- 
parted the  16th  day  of  the  4th  month  1706  abt  ye  11**^  hour 
(the  first  day  of  the  week)  in  the  morning  k  was  buryed  the 
next  day  following. 

Our  Dear  father  John  Thomas  of  Llaithgwm  in  the  Com- 
mott  of  Penllyn  in  the  County  of  Meirioneth  in  North 
Wales  departed  this  Life  the  8d  day  of  ye  3*  month  1683 
being  the  5th  day  of  the  week  k  was  buryed  at  friends 
burying  place  at  Havodbadog  in  the  said  Commett  and 
County  ye  5th  Day  of  the  said  month. 

Our  dear  Sister  Sydney  Jones  departed  this  Life  the  29th 
day  of  the  7th  month  1683  as  we  were  a  coming  from  ye 
said  place  to  Pennsilvania  on  board  ye  ship  Morning  Star 
of  Chester  Thomas  Hayes  Master. 

Our  Dear  Sister  Mary  Jones  departed  this  Life  the  18th 
day  of  ye  8th  month  1683  at  Sea  in  the  said  Journey. 

Our  Relations  hereafter  written  departed  this  Life  at  our 
house  called  Gelli  y  Cochiaid  (excepting  Hugh  Bo:)  in  the 
Township  of  Meirion  in  ye  County  of  Philadelphia  in  the 
Province  of  Pennsilvania  and  they  (&  he  also)  were  buryed 
at  friends  burying  place  by  ye  meeting  house  in  ye  said 
Meirion. 

Hugh  Boberts  the  son  of  Brother  Bobert  Boberts  &  Sister 
Katherine  was  bom  ye  31st  day  of  ye  11*^  month  169f  at 
our  sd  house  k  departed  the  4th  day  of  the  5th  month 
1697. 

Our  dear  sister  Katherine  departed  this  Life  ye  12th  day 
of  ye  5th  month  about  noone  1697  k  she  was  buryed  next 
day. 

Our  dear  Mother  Katherine  Tho.  departed  this  Life  the 
18th  day  of  ye  11^  month  about  2*  or  3*  hour  in  ye  morn- 
ing (as  we  thought)  k  she  was  buryed  next  day  1697. 

Our  Dear  Brother  Evan  Jones  departed  this  Life  the  27th 
day  of  the  12*^  month  169  J  being  something  past  midnight 
(as  we  thought)  abt  ye  first  hour  in  ye  morning. 

Our  Nephew  John  Bees  son  of  Brother  Bees  Evans  ft 
Sister  Elizabeth  departed  this  Life  the  23*  day  of  the  3* 


Genealogical  Hecords  of  the  Jones  Family.  871 

month  1700  at  12**"  hour  in  ye  night  on  board  ye  Ship 
called  ye  Tyger  of  Bristol  John  Hort  Commander. 

father  in  Law  GriflSith  John  departed  this  Life  the  7th 
day  of  the  5""  month  1707  being  the  Second  day  of  the  week 
and  was  buryed  the  next  day  at  Meirion  Burying  place  by 
the  meeting  house. 

William  Miller  a  Servant  Lad  departed  this  Life  ye  14*^ 
day  of  ye  1**  mo  174  J  it  being  ye  first  day  &  was  buried  the 
next  day  aged  about  19  years,  he  was  four  days  sick  with 
Itch  and  fever. 


872 


Notes  and  Queries. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 
flotes. 

List  of  Gifts  and  Donors  to  the  Historical  Society  of 
Pennsylvania,  1905.— 

Letter-Book  of  Michael  Hillegas  (Treasurer  of  the  United  States), 
1777-1782  ;  from  Charles  Lockrey. 

Orderly-Book  of  Gapt.  John  Nice,  Pennsylvania  State  Regiment  of 
Foot,  Col.  Walter  Stewart,  from  Mrs.  Anne  N.  James. 

Copies  of  Registry  of  Wills,  Administrations  and  Marriages  of  Kent 
and  Sussex  counties,  Delaware  ;  Journal  of  Rev.  William  Becket,  1728- 
1742,  missionary  at  Lewes ;  Waste  Book  of  the  Inn  at  Lewes,  1812- 
1813,  from  Rev.  C.  H.  B.  Turner. 

Diaries  of  Aaron  Learning,  of  Gape  May,  New  Jersey,  1760-51,  1761, 
1776,  1777,  4  vols,  from  J.  Granville  Leach. 

Swedish  Bible,  containing  theStille  Family  records,  from  Mrs.  Charles 
J.  Still6. 

Collection  of  autograph  letters  of  Presidents  of  the  United  States,  from 
Washington  to  Lincoln,  from  estate  of  William  Welsh. 

Portraits  of  Governors  James  Hamilton  and  Samuel  W.  Pennypacker 
and  Generals  George  Gordon  Meade  and  Winfield  Scott  Hancock,  of 
Pennsylvania,  from  William  Henry  Jordan. 

Portraits  of  Colonels  Servor  and  Gravenstein,  of  the  Philadelphia 
Militia,  from  Mrs.  M.  R.  Marks. 

Portrait  of  Mrs.  John  Redman,  frt)m  Estate  Mary  C.  Coxe. 

Broadside-Rules  of  the  <*  Philadelphia  Assembly,"  season  1812-13, 
from  Mrs.  Mary  £.  Robins. 

Membership  Certificate  in  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati  of  Col.  Sharp 
Delaney,  from  John  and  Anna  W.  Bunting. 

The  Humphreys  Manuscripts,  consisting  of  upwards  of  150  letters 
written  to  Joshua  Humphreys,  United  States  Naval  Constructor,  by  Paul 
Revere,  Captains  John  Barry,  Thomas  Truxtun,  William  Bainbridge, 
Timothy  Pickering,  General  Knox,  Oliver  Wolcott,  Benjamin  Stoddart, 
Peter  Muhlenberg,  and  others ;  three  of  his  letter-books  ;  also  two  letter- 
books  of  Clement  Humphreys,  from  Miss  Letitia  Humphreys. 

Fifty-eight  books  from  Estate  Mrs.  John  T.  Lewis. 

Twenty-five  books,  629  pamphlets  and  1017  manuscripts  and  miscel- 
laneous, from  Estate  C.  Godfrey  Leland,  through  Mrs  John  Harrison. 

History  of  Yorkshire,  England,  6  vols.,  from  J.  Lowson  Potts,  Shef- 
field. 

Fourteen  Manuscripts  for  '*  Shippen  Papers,"  from  Evans  W.  Shippen. 

Bust  of  Hon.  Thomas  Williams,  of  Pennsylvania,  from  Miss  Mary  C. 
Williams. 

Life  Gen.  William  T.  Sherman,  1  vol.,  and  portion  of  the  coverlet 
that  was  on  the  bed  on  which  Franklin  died,  from  Edwin  Robins. 

Ten  volumes,  from  the  Genealogical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

Sixty-five  books  and  11  paiiiphlets,  from  estate  Louis  E.  French. 

Twenty-five  letters  of  James  and  Sarah  Burd,  Edward  Shippen,  of 


.Notes  and  Queries.  873 

Lancaster,  and  Dr.  William  Shippen  ;  three  yols.  English  Parish  Reg- 
isters, from  Col.  W.  Brooke  Rawle. 

Thirteen  books,  187  pamphlets,  from  Dr.  C.  H.  Vinton. 

Ninety-six  books  and  59  pamphlets,  from  Masonic  Library. 

Twenty-nine  books  and  421  pamphlets,  from  Chief  Justice  James  T. 
Mitchell. 

Two  hundred  and  seventy-five  pamphlets,  from  Miss  Josephine  Carr. 

Fifty-seven  books  and  pamphlets,  from  Miss  M.  A.  Leach. 

Sixty-nine  genealogical  pamphlets,  frx)m  Thomas  Allen  Glenn. 

Nineteen  books  and  236  pamphlets  from  the  Trustees  of  the  Publica- 
tion Fund. 

The  following  donors  have  also  added  to  the  collections  of  the  society  : 

Hon.  S.  W.  Pennypacker,  Hon.  Hampton  L.  Carson,  Israel  W. 
Morris,  John  F.  Lewis,  Thomas  Willing  Balch,  William  G.  Thomas, 
Major  W.  H.  Lambert,  the  Misses  Elliot,  Mrs.  E.  D.  Davis,  Foster  C. 
Griffith,  Dr.  DeForest  Willard,  John  G.  Freeze,  Frederick  Schober, 
Albert  J.  Edmunds,  Dr.  Edmund  J.  Lee,  Dr.  A.  C.  Peale,  Louis  Ash- 
brook,  Mrs.  Henry  M.  Boise,  Stephen  W.  White,  W.  A.  Reynolds, 
Julius  F.  Sachase,  Charles  F.  Jenkins,  Charles  H.  Hart,  Worthington 
C.  Ford,  Miss  M.  F.  Grant,  Dr.  J.  A.  Green,  Rev.  S.  F.  Hotchkin, 
Nathaniel  Paine,  Miss  Anne  H.  Wharton,  Mrs.  Hampton  L.  Carson, 
Col.  John  P.  Nicholson,  A.  W.  Pentland,  Mrs.  J.  L.  Levering,  J.  M. 
Hartman,  Mrs.  James  Carstairs,  Miss  £.  L.  Tenbrook,  Mrs.  Alfred 
Tucker,  Richard  Y.  Cook,  Miss  Emily  Carpenter,  J.  W.  T.  Scott,  Sam- 
uel Small,  Jr.,  Dr.  W.  W.  Keen,  A.  A.  Meader,  Miss  J.  C.  Wylie,  Col. 
John  Jacob  Astor,  John  C.  Trautwine,  Jr.,  Mrs.  B.  H.  Shepherd,  Mrs. 
M.  S.  Rowland,  Mrs.  J.  Frank  Cottman,  Boyd  Crumrine,  Edwin  Swift 
Balch,  M.  I.  J.  Griffin,  Mrs.  J.  M.  Longacre,  Estate  of  Reuben  Haines, 
J.  W.  Iredell,  Jr.,  Joseph  Willcox,  the  Misses  Cresson,  Charles  Mar- 
shall, Dr.  Thomas  H.  Streets,  U.  S.  N.,  Gen.  Charles  E.  Davis,  U.  S. 
A.,  Dr.  R.  G.  Curtin,  R.  D.  Fisher,  Mrs.  Ashbel  Welsh,  C.  G.  Nichol- 
son, Prof.  C.  F.  Himes,  Rev.  H.  O.  Gibbons,  Dr.  W.  H.  Read,  Rev. 
M.  R.  Minnich,  Mrs.  William  Johnson,  Dr.  J.  E  Stillwell,  Capt  N.  W. 
Evans,  John  H.  Burrell,  Charles  W.  Sparhawk,  Clarence  B.  Moore, 
James  D.  Evans,  Albert  Matthews,  George  Getz,  Mrs.  Joseph  Howland, 
Miss  M.  D.  Purves,  B.  A.  Konkle,  Dr.  R.  G.  Le  Conte,  H.  E.  Wallace, 
Jr.,  Charles  S.  Bradford,  Col.  Charles  H.  Converse,  Miss  Mary  Sinnott, 
Prof.  S.  J.  Coffin,  Herbert  Du  Puy,  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell,  John  W.  Jordan. 

Important  acquisiiians  through  purchase  are : 

Poor  Richard  Almanacs,  for  the  years  1740,  1742,  1761. 

Sermon  preached  in  St.  Stephen's  Church,  Cecil  Co.,  Maryland,  by 
Rev.  William  Barroll,  Franklin  A  Hall,  1765. 

The  Accession  and  Record  Book  of  Peale's  Museum,  1804,  1842,  Ac- 
count Book  of  the  Museum,  1794-1804,  a  Sketch  book  of  Titian  R, 
Peale,  80  letters  of  George  Ord  to  T.  R.  Peale,  30  letters,  of  Pennsyl- 
vania officers  of  the  Revolution. 

Twenty-nine  books  and  12  pamphlets  of  American,  English,  Scotch 
and  Irish  records,  registers  and  genealogies. 

Lafayette's  Visit  to  The  United  States,  1824-25. — 

In  writing  out,  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  out  in  book  form,  the 
itinerary  of  General  Lafayette  when  he  was  our  **  Nation's  Guest,"  from 
information   contained  in  the  journal  of  the  General's  secretary,  who 


874 


Noiea  and  Queries. 


accompanied  him,  and  from  contemporary  newspapers,  from  letters,  and 
interviews  with  people  who  had  seen  him  on  this  tour,  I  have  found  the 
following  interesting  items,  that  particularly  interested  the  GeneraL 
That  General  Lafayette,  was  wounded  in  a  leg  at  the  battle  of  Brandy- 
wine,  when  only  five  days  past  the  twenty-first  anniyersary  of  his  birth, 
is  well  known.  When  on  his  tour  over  the  twenty-four  United  States,  in 
1824-25,  this  mishap  was  brought  to  his  mind  by  orators  almost  every 
day,  and  almost  hourly  in  some  days,  and  it  was  the  reminders  of  that 
episode,  that  affected  him  most,  and  often  brought  tears  to  his  eyes. 

At  Hartford,  Conn.,  General  Daniel  Wadsworth  exhibited  to  his  won- 
dering eyes,  the  identical  military  sash,  still  showing  the  blood  stains, 
which  was  first  bound  around  his  wounded  leg.  Young  Lafayette  had 
presented  it  to  General  Swift,  firom  whom  General  Wadsworth  received 
it.  General  Lafayette  said  he  remembered  the  circumstance,  and  recog- 
nized the  sash.  At  Catskill,  N.  Y.,  he  again  met  Sam  Foster,  who  was 
his  servant  at  the  time  he  was  wounded,  and  who  attended  to  him. 

At  Bristol,  Pa.,  he  met  Mrs  Bessonette,  who  nursed  him  aft«r  he  was 
wounded,  and  before  he  was  taken  to  Bethlehem.  At  Philadelphia,  he 
met  Sergeant  Wallace  who  carried  him  to  his  horse  after  he  waa 
wounded.  The  young  General,  it  wUl  be  recalled,  had  dismounted  so 
he  could  better  encourage  the  patriots  to  stay  and  fight  it  out,  as  they 
were  inclined  to  fall  back. 

At  Chester,  Pa.,  of  course  he  was  taken  to  see  the  house, ^  where  his 
wound  was  dressed  when  he  was  brought  from  the  battle  field 

At  Chester  he  also  met  John  Caldwell,  who  had  been  a  BeTolutionary 
soldier,  and  it  is  said  the  General  recognized  him  as  one  who  assisted  in 
dressing  his  wound.  Here  he  also  met  a  son  of  the  Mrs  Mary  (GK)rman) 
Lyons  who  dressed  his  wound. 

At  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  he  met  Ckilbreath  Wilson,  who  helped  to  carry 
him  aft«r  he  was  wounded,  and  fought  for  the  honor  of  carrying  him 
alone. 

At  Meadville,  Pa.,  he  met  Dr.  Magaw,  of  Franklin,  who  dressed  his 
wound  at  Chester. 

At  Philadelphia,  it  is  also  said  that  he  met  Isabel  McCloskey,  who 
had  lived  near  to  where  La&yette  was  wounded.  She  contributed  her 
lingerie  to  bind  up  the  youthfiil  Generars  leg.  She  is  said  to  have  ex- 
hibited to  the  General  the  very  bullet  that  struck  him,  and  then  lodged 
in  a  near-by  stone  wall,  from  which  she  picked  it  out,  right  after  the  bat- 
tle. But  this  was  disputed,  for  it  was  denied  that  there  was  a  stone  wall 
near  where  the  General  fell.  Chables  H.  Bbow5ING. 

Ardmore,  Pa. 

The  Philadelphia  Assemblies. — Information  recently  obtained  en- 
ables me  to  correct  a  statement  on  page  158  of  the  magazine,  to  the 
effect  that  1850  was  the  last  year  before  the  Civil  War  in  which  the 
Assemblies  were  given.  They  were  probably  given  all  through  the 
fifties,  including  the  winter  of  1859-60.      Thomas  Willing  Balch. 


^  Which  house  in  Chester  is  not  recorded.  There  were  several  houses 
there  that  claimed  the  honor  of  having  been  the  house  where  his  wound 
was  dressed.  One  of  these  was  variously  known  as  the  Robert  Barber 
house  ;  Mrs.  Mary  Withey  of  Withey's  tavern,  subsequently  the  Col- 
umbia House,  and  another  the  Ladomus  house. 


Notes  and  Qiteries.  876 

Extracts  fbom  the  Minutbb  of  Carlisle  and  Caldbeck 
Monthly  Meetings  of  Friends^Gumberland  County,  England. — 

The  Mo»y  Meeting  held  att  Hiberrie,  the  23*  of  1"  Mo.  17{i 

A  young  man  (to  witTho.  Skelton)now  a  member  of  Carlisle  Meeting, 
proposes  his  Inclination  of  removing  into  America  to  setle  there. 

Caldbeck  Monthly  Meeting,  22*  of  6«»  Mo.  1722. 

Abram  Scott  lay  before  this  Meeting  his  Inclination  of  Removall  to 
Sotteli  in  America. 

Att  a  Mo^y  Meeting  held  at  Carlisle  the  6*^  day  of  ye  12  m""  173^  a  re- 
quest for  a  Certificate  being  to  this  Meeting  upon  the  Acount  of  W** 
Nicklson  going  to  America  Th®  Mittchiencon  and  John  Dockway  and 
Richard  Waite  is  ordered  to  Write  him  one. 

20*»»of7»^Mol769. 

At  this  Meets  a  Certificate  was  signed  on  behalfe  of  Will"'  Calyert 
directed  to  Pensilvania. 

Minutes  Enter*  at  Mo*^  Meet*  at  Carlisle  18*^  7"»  Mo.  1760. 

At  this  Meet*  A  Certificate  or  an  Addition  to  one  formerly  giyen  was 
given  out  on  behalfe  of  W"  Calvert  Directed  to  the  Mo*^  Meet*  in  Newark 
in  Pensilvania  he  appearing  Clear  on  Enquirv  on  the  Acc^  of  Marriage 
Ac. 

22*  of  2*  Mo.  1760. 

Becd  a  Certificate  from  Ballinacree  Ireland  on  behalfe  of  Thomas 
Backhouse  now  residing  in  Moorhous  Meet'  appears  firee  as  to  Marriage. 

lyth^fouiMo.  1762. 
At  this  Meet*  a  Certificate  was  signed  on  acc^of  Joseph  Stordy  remov- 
ing to  Carolina,  directed  to  Friends  of  that  place. 

18»^of6"»Mo.  1764. 
Daniel  Dockray's  Removal  to  Rhode  Island,  directed  to  the  M^^  Meet- 
ing there. 

W.  M.  Mervine. 

The  Mary  Washington  Letter  of  the  Etting  Collection  of 
The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

The  following  account  of  the  acquisition  of  the  Mary  Washington  letter 
by  the  late  Col.  Frank  M.  Etting,  is  somewhat  curious.  **  Shortly  after 
coming  to  Baltimore,  in  August  1862,  I  was  informed  that  there  existed 
two  letters  of  Mary  Washington,  the  mother  of  Gen.  Greorge  Washing- 
ton ;  one  being  still  in  Virginia,  in  the  hands  of  the  family,  the  other  in 
the  possession  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Dalrymple,  who  had  obtained  it  from  the 
family  in  exchange  for  a  sewing-machine. 

''I  determined  then  and  there  never  to  lose  sight  of  this  greatest  of 
literary  autographic  curiosities.  The  first  opportunity  that  offered  I  re- 
quested to  be  introduced  to  Dr.  Dalrymple,  and  this  occurred  at  the  His- 
torical Society  on  Thursday  evening  last.  After  the  usual  civilities,  I 
was  invited  by  the  Doctor  to  the  Maryland  College,  of  which  he  is  the 
President,  to  see  this  letter  after  which  I  had  inquired.  On  Saturday 
afternoon,  with  a  portfolio  of  autographic  curiosities  I  wended  my  way 
to  Dr.  Dalrymple' s  sanctum,  determined  to  offer  him  almost  anything 
in  my  portfolio  that  he  might  fancy  as  a  substitute  for  his  Mary  Wash- 
ington. Nearly  a  full  set  of  autographs  of  Kings  and  Queens  of  Eng- 
land, with  fine  portraits  by  Virtue,  nor  a  splendid  letter  of  William  Penn 


876 


Notes  and  Queries. 


proved  snj  temptation,  and  in  the  course  of  farther  diaooiuBe  on  the 
subject,  I  suggested  that  I  would  give  $150.  for  it  Much  to  my  anr- 
prise  he  said,  '  I  will  take  it'  The  rejoinder  hj  me,  '  Agreed,  and  I  am 
much  obliged  to  70U  too/  was  met  by,  '  You  are  certainly  jokiiig,  am't 
you  ? '  '  No '  I  replied,  whereupon  he  handed  me  the  treaaorey  and  sit- 
ting down  at  his  table,  I  wrote  an  informal  check  to  his  order  for  the 
amount  This  Check  I  reclaimed,  in  consequence  of  its  informality,  and 
with  Dr.  Dalrymple's  endonement  thereon  is  preserved." 


An  Interesting  Revolutionary  Letter;  contributed  by  Mr. 
Israel  W.  Morris. — 

Lower  Marlbro  Sunday 

Jan'y  12»»»  1777. 
Dear  Sir 

I  had  the  Honor,  to  receive  your  favor  <&  have  the  Pleasure  to  aend 
your  Cloth  &  yam. 

I  Congratulate  you  on  Washingtons  success,  &  Condole  with  you  on 
the  Loss  of  Cadwalader,  &  other  Brave  Fellows,  who  fell  in  the  cause  of 
their  Coimtry,  There  is  Room  Enough  in  Heaven,  /  hope  for  all  such, 
&  to  spare,  for  you  d:  I.  when  we  Depart  Hence  to  be  no  more  soon. 

If  Gen^  Washington  is  well  supported,  the  British  Army  in  the  Month 
of  March  next,  will  not  be  of  more  consequence,  than  the  Common 
Frogs,  who  Generally  sound  their  spring  Notes,  at  that  season,  nor  Half 
BO  much,  as  Bull  Frogs  which  are  fit  for  a  French-Man's  Dish ;  &  had 
Our  Qen\  been  at  first,  Properly  strengthened,  we  shou'd  have  had  Peace 
before  now,  &  perhaps  on  more  Wholesome  Terms,  than  we  may  ever 
Have  it     Then  we  may  Dictate  Ourselves. 

I  most  Heartily  wish,  That  Dickinson  <&  Co.  may  not  have  Deserted, 
tho  I  acknowledge,  that  his  L're  to  S.  C,  on  our  Form  of  Government, 
as  fabricated  by  Our  first  Committee,  Lessened  my  Esteem,  for  The  PoU- 
riotick  Farmer, 

M"  Fitzhugh  Joins  in  comp'**  to  you  &  y'  Family 
I  am  Dear  sir 

Y"  Affectionately 

WiLL~  Fitzhugh 


1 

I 


f4: 


Letters  from  the  Joshua  Humphreys  Collection  of  The 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. — 

Boston,  Jany.  21,  1801. 
Sir: 

After  a  long  time  I  have  the  pleasure  to  aquaint  you,  that  I  have  at 
last  smelted  and  refined  the  Copper  Ore  you  sent  me  ;  my  business  was 
such,  that  I  could  not  pay  attention  to  it  sooner.  I  had  a  very  difficult 
task  of  it,  My  apparatus  is  not  calculated  for  Smelting  Ore ;  but  for  re- 
fining Copper. — I  suppose  I  wasted  nearly  double  what  I  got. — ^I  had  it 
all  to  pound  by  hand  and  the  hearth  of  my  Furnace  is  too  large  for  such 
small  quantitys,  which  caused  a  great  deal  of  work ;  I  refine  1800  lb.  at 
a  time,  so  you  will  think  that  30  lb.  must  waste  a  great  deal,  which  was 
the  quantity  of  fine  Copper  I  got  out  of  it.  I  Rolled  part  of  it  into  small 
Sheets,  one  of  which  I  will  send  you  by  the  first  opportunity,  either  by 
land,  or  Sea.  I  have  inclosed  one  Sheet  to  Mr.  Stoddert  the  Naval 
Secretary,  which  went  by  post. 

I  could  not  Roll  the  sheets  wider,  as  the  Mill  is  the  largest  in  the 


Notes  and  Queries.  877 

Town,  and  belongs  to  a  SilTersmith. — I  haye  purchased  me  a  Slitting 
Mill,  and  am  prepareing  to  Roll  Copper  into  Sheets  after  the  English 
Method,  which  I  expect  to  compleat  before  June. — I  have  finished  and 
delivered  into  the  Continental  Store  upwards  of  60,000  lb.  of  Bolts  and 
Spikes,  enough  to  compleat  one  Seyenty-four  Gunship,  and  hope  to 
compleat  two  soon. 

I  am.  Sir,  with  every  sentiment  of  esteem. 
Your  hum.  serv. 

Paul  Revere. 
Mr.  Joshua  Humphreys. 

Nav.  Dep.  26th  Oct.  1801. 
Sir. 

As  it  is  not  intended  that  either  of  the  74's  shall  be  commenced  until 
all  the  timber  is  duly  prepared  and  properly  seasoned,  the  station  which 
you  hold,  as  Navy  Constructor,  has  become  unnecessary,  and  I  can  un- 
derstand the  necessity,  though  very  reluctantly,  of  informing  you  that 
your  services  will  be  dispensed  with  after  the  Ist  of  November  next — up 
to  which  period  you  will  be  pleased  to  make  out  your  account  and  trans- 
mit it  to  the  Accountant  for  settlement. 

You  will  I  trust  be  duly  sensible  how  very  painftil  it  is  to  me  to  make 
to  you  this  unpleasant  communication — and  be  persuaded,  sir,  my  sensi- 
bility is  increased  by  considerations  resulting  fh)m  a  knowledge  of  your 
worth — and  the  uniformly  good  and  useful  character  you  have  sustained 
since  you  have  been  in  the  employ  of  the  Department. — But  it  is  hoped 
that  should  your  services  be  hereafter  required,  that  you  will  not  with- 
hold them. 

I  have  the  Honor  to  be, 
with  great  respect, 

sir,  your  mo.  ob.  serv. 

Rd.  Smith. 
Joshua  Humphreys,  Esq. 

P.  S.  You  will  be  pleased  to  deliver  to  Mr.  George  Harrison  all  the 
public  property  of  what  nature  soever  pertaining  to  the  Navy  in  your 
possession  or  under  your  control,  of  which  you  will  render  to  him  a 
complete  inventory,  and  transmit  a  duplicate  inventory  with  Mr.  Har- 
rison's receipt  for  the  same  to  this  Department.  Rd.  Smith. 


Navy  Department 

17th  Novem.  1806. 
Sir: 

It  being  determined  that  a  building  yard,  and  Dock  for  seasoning 
Timber  for  the  use  of  the  Navy  of  the  United  States  shall  be  established 
in  or  near  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  I  have  decided  on  the  grounds  of 
Mess.  Anthony  <&  Luke  Morris,  and  Mr.  Allen  in  the  District  of  South- 
wark,  contiguous  to,  and  adjoining  about  540  foot  front  on  the  River 
Delaware,  and  thence  back  to  Front  Street,  as  being  the  most  eligible, 
because  to  be  obtained  immediately,  which  is  not  the  case  with  the 
place  above  the  City.  I  have  therefore  to  request  that  you  will  purchase 
on  behalf  of  the  United  States  the  two  Lots  belonging  to  Messrs.  An- 
thony <&  Luke  Morris,  and  the  Lot  belonging  to  Mr.  Allen,  being  the 


378 


Noiea  and  Queries. 


grounds  before  recited,  on  the  best  terms  practicable,  not  exceeding 
however,  for  the  whole  the  sum  of  86,000  ds.  Having  concluded  the 
purchases,  and  secured  the  titles  to  the  property  in  the  United  States,  by 
sufficient  Deeds  in  fee  simple,  which  you  will  transmit  to  this  office  as 
soon  thereafter  as  may  be,  you  will  proceed  to  have  erected  a  sufficient 
wharf  for  building  and  launching  Ships  of  74  Guns,  and  a  Dock  for 
docking  timber,  which  ought  to  be  large  enough  to  contain  the  timber 
for  two  74  Gun  Ships  and  more,  if  to  be  made  without  very  great  ex- 
pense— For  the  purchase  monies  you  will  please  draw  on  me  at  sight — 

I  have  the  honor  to  be 

Sir 
Yr.  mo.  ob.  Serv. 

Ben.  Stoddert 
Joshua  Humphreys,  Esq. 


Return  of  the  Numbers  Wanting  to  Compleat  the  Conti- 
nental Troops  as  taken  from  the  returns  of  the  muster  master  general 
for  the  month  of  December  1777. 


BIR 

SEVERAL 

} 

iVantino  to  compleat 

States  and  th 

1    S 
1    s 

Quotas. 

1  ^ 

5 

en 

} 

1 

1 

New  Hampshire 

8  battallions 

48 

76 

16 

1509 

1649 

Massachusetts  Bay 

16 

do 

78 

86 

35 

4476 

4670 

Rhode  Island 

2 

do 

8 

19 

731 

758 

Connecticut 

8 

do 

13 

12 

1584 

1609 

New  York 

4 

do 

12 

32 

8 

1345 

1397 

New  Jersey 

4 

do 

19 

47 

10 

1629 

1705 

Pennsylvania 

12 

do 

63 

165 

48 

4515 

4791 

Delaware 

I 

do 

9 

12 

3 

407 

431 

Maryland 

8 

do 

72 

120 

09 

3259 

3520 

Virginia 

15 

do 

13 

112 

71 

4736 

4982 

North  Carolina 

9 

do 

244 

224 

51 

4525 

5044 

30506 

State  of  New  Jersey, 
Office  of  Adjutant-General, 

Trenton,  May  14,  1906. 
I  hereby  certify  that  the  above  return  is  a  true  copy  of  the  original 
now  on  file  in  this  office. 

R.  Heber  Brientnall, 

Adj  utant-G«neral. 


Notes  and  Queries.  879 

Wright — ^Batten,  family  records,  in  the  possession  of  Miss  Emily 
Bobbins,  Swedesboro,  Gloucester  county,  New  Jersey. 

Susanna  Wright  daughter  of  Ezekiel  &  Mary  Wright,  was  born  Sept. 
25,  1749. 

Edith  Wright  daughter  of  Ezekiel  A  Mary  Wright,  was  bom  Jan.  1, 
1760.. 

Jacob  Wright  was  bom  Jan.  10,  1763. 

Catharine  was  bom  Jan.  1,  1764. 

Ezekiel  was  bom  Jan.  24,  1767. 

Enoch  was  bom  Oct.  16,  1768. 

Israel  was  bom  Jan.  20.  1761. 

Mary  was  bom  Sept.  6,  1764. 

Jemima  was  bom  Feb.  2,  1769. 

Ezekiel  Wright  departed  this  life  Apr.  11,  1771. 


Zara  Batten  son  of  Edward  A  Edith  Batten  was  bom  Oct.  26,  1770. 

Mary  Batten  March  20,  1778. 

Jemima  was  bom  Nov.  17,  1776. 

Edward  was  bom  Feb.  24,  1778. 

Edith  was  bom  Aug.  3,  1780. 

Ann  was  bom  Mar.  11,  1782. 

Catharine  was  bom  Dec.  17,  1786. 

Edward  Batten  departed  this  life  May  7,  1787. 

W.  M.  Mervike. 

FRANKLI17  Portraits. — Supplementary  to  my  notes  of  inquiry  as  to 
the  present  whereabouts  of  the  Franklin  family  portraits,  that  were 
printed  in  the  Pennsylvania  Magazine  of  History  ani>  Biogra- 
phy for  April  1906,  p.  241,  I  give  the  following  extracts  from  some  un- 
published letters  from  Oovemor  William  Franklin  to  William  Strahan, 
the  printer,  of  London. 

Feb.  18, 1766. — **  Pray  hasten  Mr  Ramsay  with  the  King  and  Queen's 
picture  and  send  it  over  with  mine  at  Mr  Wilson's." 

Dec.  14,  1762. — '*  When  you  obtain  the  King's  Picture,  Mrs  Frank- 
lin desires  you  will  be  so  good  as  to  call  on  Mr  Wilson  in  Queen's  Street 
for  a  picture  he  drew  of  me  and  presented  to  her.  " 

April  26,  1763. — "You  wont  forget  to  pack  up  my  picture  at  Wil- 
son's in  the  same  box  with  the  King's  and  if  the  miniatures  are  done 
please  send  them  by  the  first  opportunity  to  Philada." 

Oct  14,  1763. — **  Pray  have  you  received  the  King's  picture  from  the 
Jewel  Office.  Have  you  got  my  picture  from  Wilson  and  the  miniatures 
from  Myers  or  Jefferies?" 

Nov.  16,  1763. — **My  father  desires  Mr  Cham berlyn  would  make  a 
good  copy  of  his  picture  which  was  done  for  Colonel  Ludwell.  Let  it 
be  put  in  a  handsome  gilt  frame  and  sent  over  as  soon  as  it  can  be  well 
done  by  him." 

Dec.  18,  1763. — ''I  wish  the  King  and  Queen's  pictures  were  finished 
as  there  is  no  picture  of  either  of  them  (except  the  prints)  yet  sent  to 
N.  America.  Please  to  tell  Myers  (if  it  is  possible  that  he  has  not  yet 
finished  the  Miniatures)  that  Mrs  Franklin  would  be  glad  to  have  them 
made  a  little  fatter,  as  I  have  increased  considerably  in  flesh  since  I  left 
London.  But  care  must  be  taken  not  to  alter  the  likeness.  She  would 
also  be  glad  to  have  my  father's  picture  from  Mr  Chamberlyn's  (which 


880  Notes  and  Queries. 

I  wrote  for  in  my  last)  and  mine  from  Wilson's  as  our  dining  room  re- 
mains unfurnished  for  want  of  them." 

May  1,   1764.— Endorsed  by  Strahan:  "June  22,   1764,  Gave    Mr 
Chamberlin  the  order.  " 

April  20,  1771. — Beujamin  Franklin  to  William  Franklin. 
"  By  this  ship  I  send  the  Picture  that  you  leffc  with  Meyer.     He  has 
never  yet  finished  the  Miniatures.     The  other  Pictures  I  send  with  it  are 
for  my  own  house,  but  this  you  may  take  to  yours.  '' 

This  last  letter  fixes  approximately  the  date  of  Franklin's  letter  to 
Meyer,  printed  on  p.  107,  of  the  current  volume  of  this  magazine.  Wil- 
son's portrait  of  William  Franklin  is  probably  the  one  in  possession  of 
Dr.  Thomas  Hewson  Bache,  that  was  etched  by  Albert  Rosenthal,  when 
it  hung  in  the  Philadelphia  Library.  If  I  mistake  not  there  is  a  com- 
panion portrait  of  the  Governor's  wife.  A  portrait  of  Franklin  by  Cham- 
berlin, is  owned  by  Mr.  Victor  Van  der  Weyer,  of  London,  Eng.,  who 
inherited  it  from  his  grandfather,  Joshua  Bates,  of  Boston,  U.  S.  A., 
but  we  do  not  know  whether  it  is  the  one  painted  for  Col.  Ludwell  or  a 
replica.  A  copy  by  G.  D.  Leslie,  is  in  the  Memorial  Hall,  Harvard 
University.  This  portrait  was  finely  engraved  contemporaneously,  by 
Edward  Fisher,  in  mezzotint.  The  portrait  of  the  King,  by  Ramsay, 
that  now  hangs  in  the  old  State  House,  Philadelphia,  may  be  the  identi- 
cal canvas  alluded  to  in  the  letters,  for  when  it  was  purchased  by  Mr. 
Joseph  Harrison,  half  a  century  ago,  it  was  upon  the  information  that 
^  *'  it  had  been  painted  by  the  King's  order  for  the  State  House  in  Phila- 

j  delphia"  and  ''not  sent  out  on  account  of  the  troubles  that  were  brew- 

[  ing  between  the  colonies  and  the  mother  country." 

|.  Charles  Henry  Hart. 

•  McPiKE  Family.— The  manuscript  dictated  by  the  late  Judge  John 

;.  Mountain  McPike  (1795-1876),  cited  in  the  Pennsylvania  Magazine 

for  April,  1906  (xxx.,  251)  contains  this  paragraph : — 

'* M'Pike  from  Scotland  [married]  to  Miss  Haley  (or  Haly)  from 

England;  she  was  granddaughter  of  Sir  [?Dr.]  Edmund  Haley  (as- 
tronomer) England,  children  were  :  James  M'Pike  ;  Miss  M'Pike  ;  Miss 

;'  M'Pike  married  M' Donald  of  Ireland." 

f  Other  traditions  preserved  in  writing  indicate  that  James  McPike 

emigrated  to  Baltimore,  Maryland,  in  1772  and  was  stationed  at  Balti- 
more as  a  recruiting  sergeant  at  the  beginning  of  the  Revolution.  Can 
any  reader  cite  records?  Eugene  F.  McPike 

1  Park  Row,  Chicago,  111. 

Rev.  Aeneas  Ross. — The  Rev.  Aeneas  Ross  bom  in  171.6  ;  was  As- 
sistant Rector  of  Christ  Church,  Philadelphia  from  1741  to  1743,  and 
j  at  Oxford  and  Whitemarsh.     In  1745  he  married  and  resided  in  German- 

town,  and  later  removed  to  New  Castle  Delaware,  where  he  died.  In- 
formation is  requested  concerning  his  wife  and  children 

Richard  S.  Rodney. 
New  Castle,  Del. 

i  Parsons. — Isaac  Parsons,    of  Bucks  County,   Pennsylvania,   born 

Nov.  12,  1748;  died  Sept.  26,  1818 ;  married  1st.  Apr.  16,  1772,  Ans- 

'  trus  Shadowill.     Married  2nd.  Elizabeth  Brodnax  who  was  bom  May 


Notes  and  Queries.  381 

19,  1755  ;  died  Jan.  15,  1827.     Information,  especially  of  Isaac  and 
his  second  wife,  desired.  W.  M.  Mekvine. 

Maybury. — ^Richard  May  bury,  (Mabury  or  Mayberry,)  bom  about 
1772  in  Hunterdon  Coun^,  New  Jersey.  Information  concerning 
Richard  or  other  Mayburys  of  New  Jersey  desired. 

W.  M.  Mekvine. 

Mountain  Family. — ^The  following  items  have  been  contributed  by 
Mr.  Ogden  D.  Wilkinson,  from  original  data  in  his  possession.  Inden- 
ture made  July  25,  1749,  between  Joseph  Mountain  of  Bucks  county, 
Pa.,  cooper  [only  son  and  heir  at  law  of  Richard  Mountain,  late  of  the 
same  place,  brewer,  deceased,  but  heretofore  of  the  parish  of  Andover, 
in  the  county  of  Hampshire,  England,  who  was  eldest  son  and  heir  at 
law  of  Richajtl  Mountain,  late  of  same  place,  and  his  wife  who  was  the 
only  daughter  and  child  of  John  Dallamano,  late  of  Andover]  and 
Katherino,  his  wife,  etc.  The  witnesses  were  Thomas  Rodman  and 
Joseph  Scattergood. 

'*  Upon  inquiry,  I  understand  that  Joseph  Mountains'  great  grandfather 
John  Dellamano  made  his  will  and  deceased  in  ye  year  1672  (which  will 
tis  supposed  is  at  Winchester  where  it  was  proved)  he  left  only  a  daugh- 
ter who  was  first  wife  to  Joseph's  grandfather  viz;  Richard  Mountain 
who  made  his  will  ye  fifth  day  of  January  1701  by  which  will  he  gave  a 
messuage  tenm't  lands  and  premises  lying  in  Andover,  (which  he  saith 
he  purchased  of  Amy  Walters  widow)  unto  his  wife  Ann  (being  his  sec- 
ond wife  by  report)  for  her  life  if  she  remained  unmarried,  he  also  (by 
that  will)  gave  her  another  messuage  tenemant  and  brick  kiln  and  close 
thereunto  adjoining  and  lands  and  premises  in  Andover  which  he  saith 
he  purchased  of  Jno.  Dellamano,  for  her  life  as  before,  giving  her  the 
power  to  dispose  of  the  said  messuage  &c  by  deed  or  will  to  any  of  his 
children  as  she  thot  Htt  but  if  she  maryed  or  dyed  without  so  disposing 
of  it  then  he  gave  it  to  her  sons  Joseph  Mountain  and  Benjamin  Moun- 
tain and  their  assigns  forever.  Then  he  gives  eighteen  acres  of  land 
diBspersed  (or  lying)  in  ye  common  of  fields  Andover  and  one  barn  one 
close  behind  the  same,  (which  were  purchased  by  his  father)  unto  his 
daughter  Ann  Gray  for  her  life  but  if  his  son  Richard  did  not  return 
within  seven  years  next  after  he  decease  that  then  he  gave  ye  said  lands 
and  close  to  him  ye  said  Richard  he  paying  within  six  months  after  his 
return  forty  pounds  to  the  said  Ann  Gray,  but  if  he  did  not  return  in 
that  time  then  to  ye  said  sons  Joseph  and  Benjamin  forever.  Which 
last  eighteen  acres  &c  I  under-stand  ye  said  Joseph  and  Benjamin  have 
been  at  law  about  and  it  has  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  attorney  Cor- 
nelius Tyrrell  and  he  tis  supposed  has  sold. 

**  This  eighteen  acres  and  ^  seem  to  be  ye  chief  ye  youngman  can  lay 
claim  to  except  he  can  get  a  copy  of  his  great  grandfather'  will  and  dis- 
cover what  lands  he  left,  or  ye  joynture  of  his  grandfather  Richard 
Mountain's  wife,  which  joynture  tis  supposed  is  now  in  ye  hands  of 
John  Cullum  Esq:  at  St  Edmundsbury  in  Suffolk. 

''Twas  Recken'd  that  John  Dellamano  had  a  good  estate  of  about 
eighty  pounds  .  .  .  and  that  twas  a  question  whether  this 
young  man's  grandfather  was  ever  marryed  to  his  second  wife  ye  mother 


882  Notes  and  Queries, 

of  ye  said  Joseph  and  Benjamin  Mountain  in  ye  possession  of  ye  widow 
of  Joseph  Mountain  in  Winchester. 

**The  house  of  ye  possession  of  Ann  Hohhs  wife  of  Thomas  Hobhs  of 
Andover  yet  called  the  brick  kiln  Ac.  barn  in  ye  possession  of  Benjamin 
Bird  of  Andover.  The  barn  and  close  behind  in  ye  possession  of  John 
Daniel  of  Andover — ^The  eighteen  acres  in  the  possctision  of  Cornelius 
Tyrrell  an  attorney  except  sold  by  him,  tis  supposed  he  know  ye  title 
not  to  be  good  and  therefore  sold  it,  John  Hide  wife  Barbara  says  she 
had  10  pounds  offered  to  her  several  times  if  she  would  set  her  hand  to  the 
writings  tho  above  said  Joseph  Mountain  has  .  .  .  trying  to  sell  it  viz. 
ye  18  acres  &c.  but  his  brother  and  he  went  to  law  about  it  and  so  it  fell 
into  ye  above  said  attorney *s  hands  for  charges  of  ye  law. 

''  Ann  Gray  was  sister  to  Richard  Mountain  ye  young  man's  father ; 
and  mother  to  Barbart  Hide  that  wrote  to  him  about  his  affairs.'' 

JSooli  Vlotices. 

The  Declaration  of  Independence,  its  History.  By  John  H. 
Hazelton  Esq.  New  York,  Dodd,  Mead  &  Ck).,  1906.  8vo.  pp  629. 
Illustrated.    Price  $4.50  net 

The  work  begins  with  the  events  of  the  three  years  prior  to  July  4, 
1776,  showing  the  initial  steps  towards  independence  taken  by  the  Col- 
onies and  the  condition  of  affairs  prevailing ;  followed  by  chapters  on 
the  dnifting  of  the  Declaration ;  the  signing ;  the  effect  of  the  Declara- 
tion ;  the  first  anniversary  celebration  in  Philadelphia ;  the  whereabouts 
of  the  document  since  1776 ;  the  Appendix  ;  and  notes  to  the  Text  and 
Appendix. 

What  must  strike  the  reader  at  the  outset,  is  the  thoroughness  of  Mr. 
Hazelton' 8  work,  and  the  impartial  manner  in  which  he  deals  with  de- 
batable questions  that  arise  from  time  to  time,  and  presenting  his  con- 
clusions in  clear  and  terse  form.  At  last  we  have  a  reliable  history  of 
the  great  American  document,  for  original  sources  only  have  been  its 
basis,  which  ought  to  meet  with  as  cordial  a  welcome  by  present  readers, 
as  it  is  likely  to  be  appreciated  by  future  generations,  who  will  thank  the 
author  for  his  sound  piece  of  work,  and  consult  it  as  an  authority  of  no 
small  value.  Altogether  this  is  a  work  we  can  commend  as  one  of 
marked  importance.  Like  all  similar  works  issued  by  the  publishers 
this  volume  is  produced  in  attractive  form. 

The  Ancestry  and  Posterity  of  John  Lea  of  Christian  Mil- 
ford,    Wiltshire,     England    and  of    Pennsylvania,    in 
America,  1503-1906.     By  James  Henry  Lea  and  George  Henry 
Lea,  Philadelphia  and  New  York.  Lea  Brothers  &  Co.,  1906.  8vo, 
pp.611.     Illustrated.     Price  $10.00. 
This  work  embraces  a  history  of  the  ancestry  and  posterity  of  John 
Lea,  of  Wiltshire,  England,  in  male  and  female  lines,  covering  a  period 
of  over  four  hundred  years, — ^two  hundred  years  in  England,  prior  to 
the  emigration,  and  a  similar  period  from  the  landing  on  the  Delaware, 
of  the  earliest  known  ancestor  to  the  latest  living  descendant,  and  gives 
a  direct  family  line  of  no  less  than  seventeen  generations.    The  English 
section  gives  twelve  of  the  principal  families  of  the  name  in  England, 
with  arms  ;  the  American  gives  the  accounts  of  John  Lea  and  Hannah 
Hopson,  his  wife,  and  pedigrees  of  ten  generations  of  the  family,  in 
both  male  and  female  branches.     Great  care  and  intelligence  has  been 


Notes  and  Queries.  383 

spent  in  collecting  the  immense  amount  of  data  that  has  been  brought 
to  light,  and  the  work  will  always  be  held  rightly  in  high  value.  The 
general  appearance  of  the  volume  is  excellent  and  the  printing  clear, 
and  the  numerous  full  page  illustrations,  portraits,  silhouettes  and 
signatures,  form  a  striking  and  important  feature.  Copies  may  be 
obtained  of  the  publishers,  706-710  Sansom  Street,  Philadelphia. 

Annals  of  the  Sinnott,  Booebs,  CJoffin,  Corlieb,  Reeves, 
BoDiNE  AND  Allied  Families.  By  Mary  Elizabeth  Sinnott,  edited 
by  Josiah  Granville  Leach,  L.L.  B.  Printed  for  private  circulation, 
Philadelphia  1905.     4  to  pp.  278.     Illustrated. 

Even  a  glance  at  the  contents  of  this  volume  will  show  how  judiciously 
it  has  been  designed,  and  the  interest  it  cannot  fall  to  have  for  all  who 
are  connected  with  the  families  of  which  it  treats.  All  that  unwearied 
industry  and  research  can  acquire  has  been  done,  and  as  a  piece  of  work, 
it  certainly  reflects  the  highest  credit  on  the  compiler  and  editor,  and 
has  fsii  too  few  companions  of  its  kind.  Regarded  merely  as  a  specimen 
of  typography,  the  book  is  a  real  delight  to  the  eye  and  fully  satisfies 
our  idecd.  In  addition  to  the  fomilies  noted  in  the  title,  the  Hammond, 
Winslow,  Jess,  Lippincott,  Wing,  West  and  May  hew' s  branches  have 
been  developed. 

History  of  the  United  States  of  America.  By  Henry  William 

Elson.     With  Two  Hundred  Illustrations  Selected  and 

Edited  by  Charles  Henry  Hart,  New  York.     Published  for 

the  Review  of  Reviews  Company,  by  the  Macmillan  Company, 

London,  Macmillan  &  Co.,  Ltd.  1905.     5  vols,  8vo,  pp.  xxxiii, 

821  ;  xvi.  281  ;  xi,  269 ;  ziii,  870 ;  ix,  228. 

Professor  Bison's  history  was  recogniased  on  its  first  publication  as 

filling  a  much  needed  and  long  felt  want,  it  being  for  this  country  what 

Green's  history  of  England  is  for  the  mother  country,  a  well  written, 

readable  and  interesting  work  for  the  general  reading  public,  historically 

accurate  and  treated  in  an  impartial  spirit,  giving  a  thorough  survey  of 

the  important  epochs  through  which  the  country  has  passed  from  its 

discovery  down  to  the  inauguration  of  President  Roosevelt,  March  4, 

1905. 

This  new  edition  has  a  distinctive  feature  never  before  introduced 
into  a  historical  work.  The  employment  of  a  recognized  expert  to  select 
the  illustrations  so  that  every  portrait  reproduced  can  be  accepted  with- 
out questioning,  as  a  guaranteed  veritable  likeness  of  the  person  repre- 
sented. Mr.  Hart,  in  his  ** Proem  to  the  Illustrations,"  says,  ''In  this 
work  nothing  but  original  portraits  have  been  used  and  consequently 
many  familiar  faces  usually  found  in  illustrated  histories  will  be  noted 
by  their  absence."  Among  the  latter  the  two  most  prominent  omitted 
are  Columbus  and  William  Penn,  Mr.  Hart  saying,  "  There  is  certainly 
no  portrait  of  Columbus  and  it  is  extremely  doubtful  if  there  is  any  of 
Penn."  This  last  statement  opens  a  very  large  and  important  subject 
and  without  committing  ourselves,  it  is  one  that  needs  a  more  exhaus- 
tive scientific  investigation  than  it  has  yet  received.  Among  the  many 
portraits  here  reproduced  for  the  first  time  the  most  interesting  his- 
torically is,  we  think,  that  of  Sir  George  Carteret,  as  heretofore,  although 
much  sought  for,  none  has  been  known  to  exist.     Instead  of  a  bare  list 


384 


Notes  and  Queries. 


of  illustrations,  as  usually  found  in  illustrated  books,  each  volume  con- 
tains an  annotated  index  to  the  illustrations  therein,  full  of  valuable 
and  recondite  information  and  each  portrait  has  inscribed  upon  it  the 
birth  and  death  dates  of  the  subject,  and,  when  obtainable,  the  date  of 
the  portrait,  thus  giving,  at  a  glance,  the  age  to  which  the  subject 
attained,  the  time  his  career  covered  and  the  period  of  the  portrait 
presented.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  old  method  of  slipshoKl,  hap- 
hazard illustration  has  gone  by  and  a  new  era  been  established.  Mr. 
Hart  has  contributed  to  volume  3  a  chapter  on  150  years  of  American 
art  and  the  general  index  to  the  work  covers  50  double  column  pages 
and  seems  to  be  exhaustive. 

Some  of  the  Ancbstobs  axd  Descendants  of  Samuel  Contebse 
Sb.,  of  Thompson  Parish,  Eillinoly,  Conn.  Major  James 

CONVERS,    OF  WOBURN,    MaSS.    HON.  HeMAN    AlLEK  M.    C.    OP 

Milton    and    Burlington,   Vermont.    Captain  Jonathan 
BiXBT,  Sr.,  OF  KiLLiNOLY,  CoNN.     Ck)mpleted    and  edited  by 
Charles  Allen  Converse.     Boston,   Mass.    2   vols.   4to  pp.    961. 
Illustrated. 
It  is  a  pleasure  to  congratulate  Col.  Converse  on  the  accomplishment 
of  this  notable  record.     He  has  taken  no  limited  or  restricted  view  of  his 
duty  as  a  genealogist,  or  his  taste  and  knowledge  as  an  antiquarian,  in 
tracing  in  an  interesting  and  informative  manner,  the  history  of  his 
fiunily  and  related  lines.     A  vast  amount  of  valuable  information  has 
been  brought  together  frobi  Colonial  and  later  records,  church  registers, 
private  papers,  fkmily  Bibles,  histories  and  genealogies.     It  is  a  source 
of  honest  and  commendable  pride  that  his  ancestors  for  generations  in 
this  land  have  done  their  part  as  self-supporting  citizens  for  their  neighbor- 
hood, their  colony,  their  State  and  their  country.     Appended  to  the 
genealogies  are  many  valuable  notices  of  families,  the  whole  liberally 
illustrated.     The  two  volumes  are  beautifully  printed,  and  a  very  full 
index  helpful. 


.  :^/*t^fmi4^^  Junior  y//  /Jj^4m//e//i^^^^  //^^^^jf  ^'^^^^ 


THE 

PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE 

OF 

HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 

Vol.  XXX.  1906.  No.  4 

FBEDEBIKA  BABONESS  BIEDESEL. 

BT  UNA  SINNI0K80N. 

[The  wife  of  the  genend  in  command  of  the  Bnuuwick  and  Heseian 
troops  hired  bj  the  king  of  England  for  the  purpose  of  conquering  her 
revolted  colonies  in  America,  would  from  this  fact  alone  interest  us. 
When  there  is  added  to  this  the  pleasure  of  knowing  that  the  ladj 
actually  followed  to  this  continent  her  husband,  on  the  "voyage  of 
duty/'  as  she  herself  calls  it,  and  being  the  gifted  daughter  of  a 
distinguished  soldier,  adapted  herself  to  circumstances  and  such  society 
as  the  vicissitudes  of  war  allowed,  and  became  the  friend  of  such  men 
of  Revolutionary  fame  as  Washington  and  Schuyler,  there  seems  a 
special  reason  for  presenting  a  sketch  of  this  bright,  observing  woman, 
taken  from  her  letters.  One  almost  regrets  that  Fate  decreed  such  a 
lovable  and  charming  woman  to  be  on  the  ''other  side ' *  in  that  struggle 
for  so  great  a  cause  as  American  independence.  However,  time 
changes  the  face  of  many  things  in  the  course  of  events,  and  it  was  in 
the  Riedesel  house  in  Leipzigerstrasse,  Berlin,  now  the  War  Office, 
that  it  was  decided,  a  few  years  ago,  that  a  Oerman  should  be  the 
commander  of  the  allied  forces  sent  to  China,  and  the  American  troops 
were  among  those  under  this  command.] 

Frederika  von  Massow,  afterwards  Baroness  Riedesel, 
was  born  in  1746  in  Brandenburg,  in  Gtermany.  Her 
fetber,  von  Massow,  was  commissioned  by  Frederick  II, 
governing  president  of  the  allied  army,  and  acting  as  com- 
missary in  chief  was  obliged  to  remain  a  long  time  at  the 
VOL.  80—25.  (885) 


386  Frederika  Baroness  Riedesd. 

theatre  of  war,  and  not  wishing  to  be  separated  from  his 
family,  had  them  domiciled  near  him.  Though  he  himself 
seems  to  have  been  a  genial  gentleman  and  his  wife  an 
amiable  and  hospitable  lady,  it  is  evident  that  the  beautifol 
and  lovely  daughters,  not  only  by  their  grace  and  unaffected 
manners  drew  many  young  officers  to  their  house,  but  even 
bewitched  the  older  and  more  experienced  generals. 

Frederika  or  Fritschen — as  she  was  known  among  her 
family — met  in  this  way  the  young  cavalry  captain  Baron 
Riedesel,  to  whom,  after  the  various  and  adverse  circum- 
stances due  to  the  war  permitted,  she  was  married  when 
she  was  little  more  than  sixteen  years  old. 

From  her  portrait,  painted  by  the  celebrated  Tischbein, 
she  looks  very  much  the  smart  demoiselle  of  the  court  ot 
Versailles,  with  a  slim  and  tapering  waist,  and  decked  out 
in  all  the  loveliness  of  silk  and  lace  so  dear  to  the  feminine 
heart;  from  what  is  said  of  her  from  the  very  earliest  time 
she  seemed  to  have  been  possessed  of  innumerable  charms 
as  well  as  good  looks.  That  she  was  a  most  noble,  devoted 
and  intelligent  wife  and  mother  is  attested  not  only  in  her 
own  life  and  letters,  but  by  those  of  her  husband  and 
children.  The  child-like  faith  in  Providence,  which  led 
her  to  leave  a  luxurious  home  and  powerful  friends,  and 
follow  her  husband  across  a  pathless  sea  into  a  strange 
land,  then  almost  a  wilderness,  for  the  sake  of  sharing  with 
him  his  trials  and  hardships,  affords  an  example  well  worth 
study  and  admiration.  Nor  can  one  read  such  touching 
records  of  devoted,  conjugal  love,  chastened  and  sanctified 
by  an  unaffected  religious  experience,  without  the  con- 
sdousness  of  a  high  ideal  of  £Edth  and  duty. 

On  the  twenty-first  of  December  1762  she  was  married 
at  Neuhaus,  when  her  popularity  and  the  esteem  in  which 
her  young  husband  was  held  by  the  Duke  Ferdinand,  heir 
to  the  throne  of  Brunswick,  seem  to  have  made  of  it,  for 
the  whole  town  and  garrison,  a  gala  day. 

This  was  an  age  of  war  and  warfare,  for  shortly  after  the 
few  short  years  of  respite  from  the  hostile  strife  of  the 


Frederika  Baroness  RiedeseL  387 

Seven  Years  War  in  Europe,  the  American  Bevolution 
carried  Baron  Riedesel  to  this  country  as  Msgor  General  of 
the  Brunswick  troops,  and  hither  his  young  wife  and  her 
three  little  girls  soon  followed  him.  On  the  sixteenth  of 
April,  1777,  in  the  man-of-war  Blonde,  they  set  sail  from 
Bristol,  in  England,  for  America,  and  on  the  eleventh  of 
June  they  landed  safely  at  Quebec  after  the  tribulations  of 
crossing  in  a  sailing  ship.  Nevertlieless,  brave  and  busy, 
(for  her  children  and  all  her  servants  were  seasick) 
Baroness  Riedesel  writes  of  many  things  she  was  able  to 
accomplish  besides  the  care  of  her  little  family  on  this  long 
voyage ;  embroidering  nightcaps  and  purses,  and  making 
many  useful  additions  to  her  children's  wardrobe.  With  a 
throbbing  heart  she  finds  herself  at  the  haven  of  her  desire, 
and  though  her  beloved  husband  could  not  be  there  to 
meet  her  upon  her  arrival,  with  delight  she  wrote,  "  It  is  a 
ravishing  sight  to  see  the  shores  at  this  place ! "  The 
great  cataract  of  Montmorency,  the  surrounding  moun- 
tains, are  described  in  her  letters,  and  with  interest  she 
notices  and  describes  the  quaint  caps  and  cloaks,  the 
costumes  of  patrician  and  peasant  in  the  town. 

Her  husband,  unable  to  meet  her,  wrote  her,  with  that 
depth  of  feeling  common  to  most  Germans,  "You  are 
welcome  my  dear  Angel,  to  the  Canadian  continent !  '*  and 
from  this  time  on  they  both  kept  a  diary  of  how  they  spent 
their  days,  so  each  should  know  what  the  other  was  doing 
when  they  were  separated.  These  diaries,  in  the  form  of 
letters,  not  only  give  a  graphic  picture  of  stirring  occur- 
rences, but  paint,  also,  with  much  breadth  and  spirit  the 
men  and  women  of  those  days. 

From  Canada,  where  Baroness  Riedesel  joined  her 
husband  some  three  or  four  days  after  her  landing,  having 
journeyed  to  reach  him  Anally  by  caleche  and  canoe,  she 
tells  an  amusing  and  typical  story  of  her  driver,  "  They  are 
everlastingly  talking  to  their  horses ;  when  they  were  not 
lashing  them  or  singing,  they  cried  "  Allons,  mon  prince ! 
Pour  mon  general !  ",  oftener  however  they  said,  "  Fi-donc, 


388  Frederika  Baroness  Riedesd. 

Madame !  "  this  last  the  Baronees  thought  designed  for 
her,  and  asked,  "  PlaiUI  ?  "  "  Oh,"  replied  the  fellow,  **  ce 
n'est  que  mou  cheval,  la  petite  coquine !  "  Leaving  their 
caleche  they  took  to  a  canoe  in  which,  she  said,  "  we  were 
obliged  with  considerable  trouble  to  preserve  our  exact 
equilibrium !  " 

In  meeting  with  her  husband  her  joy  was  beyond  all 
description  and  after  but  two  happy  days  together  they 
were  obliged  to  part  again  for  a  time.  General  RiedeBel 
departing  with  his  troops  against  the  enemy,  left  his  wife 
much  cast  down,  a  stranger  in  a  strange  land,  but  she  soon 
settied  herself  and  her  little  ones  in  the  convent  of  the 
Ursulines  at  Quebec,  where  her  liveliness  and  good  sense 
assisted  her  to  make  friends  with  the  nuns,  among  whom 
she  found  some  very  lovely  persons,  and  she  again  appears 
to  keep  herself  as  busily  engaged  as  ever  with  the  children, 
sewing  and  reading. 

The  end  of  the  summer  Gheneral  Burgoyne  gave  General 
Riedesel  permission  to  have  his  wife  and  children  with  him 
and  they  accordingly  spent  a  few  weeks  very  pleasantly  at 
Red  House,  General  Burgoyne's  headquarters,  the  site  in 
earlier  days  of  a  fort  and  in  a  part  of  the  country  now  in 
New  York  state. 

Then  hostilities  began  in  earnest,  and  the  American 
Army,  which  at  the  end  of  June  counted  but  four  or  five 
thousand  strong,  had  now  by  the  beginning  of  July, 
increased  to  between  fourteen  and  twenty  thousand  men. 
To  the  Germans  the  mode  of  war  in  which  they  were 
engaged  was  entirely  new  and  temptations  to  desert  were 
in  themselves  very  great. 

The  spirited  and  honourable  character  of  General 
Riedesel,  however,  was  just  the  one  to  cope  with  such  trials 
and  they  were  soon  settled.  The  Baroness  and  the  little 
girls  were  at  last  with  the  General  on  the  very  scene  of 
action,  along  the  banks  of  the  Hudson  river,  with  the 
British,  and  meeting  with  skirmishes  or  small  engage- 
ments, of  all  of  which,  and  of  such  councils  of  war  as  were 


^KltJctre^ 


Frederika  Baroness  Riedesel.  389 

held  among  the  British  generals,  and  of  the  propositions 
and  arrangements  suggested  and  planned  by  them. 
Baroness  Riedesel  has  written  faithfully  and  clearly  in  her 
letters,  which  are  invaluable  indeed  as  history,  to  us, 
to-day. 

Besides  all  this  Frederika  yon  Biedesel  with  her  ready 
energy  was  ever  relieving  and  comforting  the  sick,  the 
wounded  and  the  dying. 

Going  with  the  army  in  hercaleche  in  which  were  safely 
tucked  away  her  children  and  servants,  she  never  fails  to 
note  the  place  and  people  she  met,  and  of  tiiie  Americans 
she  says,  ^^  though  it  cost  us  dearly,  every  one  of  them  was 
a  soldier  by  nature,  and  the  thought  of  fighting  for  their 
Fatherland  and  their  freedom  inspired  them  with  still 
greater  courage.**  On  the  seventh  of  October  the  fighting 
seems  to  have  been  more  serious  than  ever,  and  after  the 
death  of  General  Frazer,  and  with  her  own  husband 
constantiy  in  mortal  danger,  even  this  brave  woman  cannot 
but  write  on  hearing  the  terrible  cannonading,  "I  was 
more  dead  than  alive,"  and  no  wonder,  for  she,  in  her 
kindness  and  thoughtfiilness  for  others,  particularly  her 
adored  husband,  was  often  exposed  to  the  utmost  risks  her- 
self. During  the  long  march  following  these  distressing 
days,  Lady  Ackland,  who  was  also  accompanying  her 
husband,  was  advised  by  Baroness  Riedesel,  Ackland 
having  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  Americans  and  being 
ill,  to  return  to  him,  that  she  might  make  herself  useful  to 
him  in  his  present  situation.  After  yielding  to  the 
Baroness's  solicitations  and  having  sent  a  messenger, 
through  his  adjutant,  begging  General  Burgoyne's  permis- 
sion to  leave  the  camp,  his  consent  was  obtained.  The 
English  chaplain  Mr.  Brudenel  accompanied  Lady 
Ackland,  bearing  a  flag  of  truce  together  they  crossed  the 
Hudson  in  a  small  boat  to  the  enemy.  "There  is,  I 
believe,  a  beautiftil  engraving  in  existence,  of  this  event," 
Baroness  Riedesel  writes,  but  better  than  this  print,  is  the 
gallant  answer  which  General  Gates  returned  by  chaplain 


390 


Frederika  Baroness  Riedesd. 


PRKSKKT  (1867)  APPKARANOlfi  OF  THK   HOUSE,  IV  THK   CKLLAB  OF  WHICH 
BAROITKSS  RISDE8XL  STATED  DURING  THE  CANNONADE. 


THE  CELLAR. 


Frederika  Baroness  Riedesel.  391 

Brudenel,  to  the  letter  General  Burgoyne  had  sent  this 
American  general  by  Lady  Ackland,  recommending  her  to 
his  protection. 

Upon  seeing  Lady  Ackland  safely  dispatched,  Baroness 
Riedesel  and  her  family  moved  on  with  the  army  in  its 
painful  march,  through  wind  and  weather,  the  savages,  as 
she  calls  the  Indians,  who  were  fighting  with  their  army, 
having  lost  all  courage  and  gone  in  every  direction  to  their 
homes;  and  on  the  9th  of  October  toward  evening  they 
came  at  last  to  Saratoga.  Wet  to  the  skin,  and  with  not  a 
place  in  which  to  change  her  clothing,  she  undressed  her 
children  and  before  a  good  fire  they  laid  themselves  down 
together  on  some  straw.  Gteneral  Phillips,  who  is  described 
by  his  contemporaries  as  an  honourable,  just  and  upright 
man,  is  said  to  have  wished  this  courageous  woman  might 
have  been  their  commanding  general,  rather  than  the 
unpopular  (even  among  many  of  the  English)  Burgoyne> 
who  in  order  to  cover  his  retreat,  caused  the  beautiful  houses 
and  mills  belonging  to  Gteneral  Schuyler  to  be  burned. 

Great  misery  and  disorder  prevailed  in  the  army,  and  in 
a  house  in  which  this  accomplished  and  dignified  woman 
sought  shelter  for  herself  and  her  children,  she  aided  and 
assisted  in  the  most  sensible  and  direct  way  those  poor, 
firightened,  ill  and  wounded  creatures,  acting  the  part  of  an 
Angel-of-comfort  among  the  sufferers,  and  ready  to  perform 
every  friendly  service,  even  such  from  which  the  tender 
mind  of  a  woman  might  recoil.  Those  poor  distracted  ones 
obeying  her  more  readily  than  their  superior  officers. 

The  exposed  position  in  which  the  British  were  placed 
was  not  to  last  much  longer,  and  on  the  17th  of  October 
they  capitulated.  The  generals  waited  upon  the  American 
General-in-chief,  Gates,  and  the  troops  laid  down  their  arms 
and  surrendered  themselves  prisoners  of  war.  The  Baron- 
ess was  sent  for  by  her  husband  to  come  to  him  with  their 
children;  she  therefore  obeyed  and  in  the  passage  through 
the  American  camp,  observed  with  great  satisfaction,  that 
no  one  caat  scornful   glances  at  them.     On  the  contrary, 


392  Frederika  Baroness  Rxedesel. 

they  all  greeted  her,  even  showing  compassion  on  iheir 
countenances  at  seeing  a  mother  with  her  little  children  in 
such  a  position.  She  rather  feared  coming  into  the  enemy's 
camp,  the  situation  being  something  entirely  new  to  her, 
however  when  approaching  the  tents,  a  noble  looking  man 
came  toward  her,  and  taking  the  children  out  of  the  caleche, 
embraced  and  kissed  them,  and  then  with  tears  in  his  eyes 
helped  her  to  alight  "  You  tremble,"  said  he  to  the  Bar- 
oness, "  fear  nothing."  Upon  which  she  replied,  "  no,  for 
you  are  so  kind,  and  have  been  so  tender  toward  my  chil- 
dren, that  it  has  inspired  me  with  courage."  He  then  led 
them  to  the  tent  of  General  Gates,  with  whom  they  found 
generals  Burgoyne  and  Phillips.  ^^You  may  dismiss  all 
your  apprehensions,  for  your  sufferings  are  at  an  end,"  said 
General  Burgoyne  to  her,  to  which  she  answered, "  I  should 
be  acting  very  wrongly  to  have  any  more  anxiety,  when  our 
chief  has  none."  After  even  more  kindness  from  the  same 
gentleman  who  had  first  met  her,  she  learned  that  he  was 
tiie  American  general  Schuyler,  who,  when  they  had  finished 
dining,  invited  them  to  take  up  their  residence  at  his  house 
in  Albany.  They  accepted,  and  immediately  set  out  on 
their  journey  of  some  two  days  to  reach  that  place.  When 
they  arrived  in  Albany,  where  they  had  so  often  longed  to 
be,  but  came  not  as  they  had  supposed  they  should,  as 
victors,  they  were  received  in  the  most  friendly  fashion  by 
the  good  General  Schuyler  and  his  wife  and  daughters,  who 
showed  them  the  most  marked  courtesy,  as  well  as  General 
Burgoyne,  although  he  had  caused  without  any  necessity 
their  magnificent  house  to  be  burned.  "  But,"  she  writes, 
"  they  treated  us  as  people  who  knew  how  to  forget  their 
losses  in  the  misfortune  of  others."  Even  General  Bur- 
goyne was  deeply  moved  at  their  magnanimity,  and  said  to 
General  Schuyler, "  is  it  to  me,  who  have  done  you  so  much 
injury,  that  you  show  so  much  kindness ! "  After  some 
days  with  the  Schuylers  they  set  out  for  Boston,  both  fam- 
ilies seemingly  very  reluctant  to  part  from  the  other.  At 
last  they  arrived,  with  their  American  guard  at  Boston, 


Frederika  Baroness  Riedesel.  393 

from  which  town,  after  some  three  weeks  stay,  they  were 
removed  to  Cambridge,  and  were  lodged,  writes  the  Bar- 
oness, in  one  of  the  most  beautiful  houses  of  the  place. 
"  Never,"  she  writes, "  had  I  chanced  upon  such  an  agreeable 
situation."  Here  Baroness  Riedesel  and  those  of  the  cap- 
tives who  were  with  them,  entertwned  and  were  entertained, 
and  though  they  found  themselves  surrounded  by  many 
most  violent  patriots,  on  the  whole  they  received  Idndness 
from  the  Americans  and  the  prisoners  sought  by  every 
means  to  show  their  gratitude. 

As  winter  approached  they  were  sent  to  Virginia.  It 
was  in  November  of  the  year  1778  that  the  Baroness  with 
her  children,  her  husband,  and  the  army,  again  made  a 
long  weary  journey,  going  from  Cambridge  to  Virginia  over 
almost  impassable  roads,  and  through  storm  and  tempest, 
and  though  they  met  with  kindness  from  the  American 
officers,  the  jeers  and  rudeness  of  over  zealous  patriots  were 
disgraceful. 

Breaking  the  journey  at  Hartford,  in  the  Province  of 
Connecticut,  they  there  met  La  Fayette,  whom  they  seem  ' 
to  have  found  very  agreeable  indeed,  and  at  Fishkill  where 
they  crossed  the  Hudson,  Washington  and  his  staff  arrived. 
The  great  man  seems  to  have  impressed  them  well,  and  a 
Brunswick  officer  speaking  of  the  General  on  this  occasion, 
naively  said :  "  that  it  is  a  pity  a  man  of  his  character  and 
talents  is  a  rebel  to  his  king." 

In  February  of  the  new  year  1779  their  destination  was 
reached,  after  travelling  some  twelve  weeks  and  making  a 
journey  of  678  English  miles.  At  Colle  near  Charlottsville 
in  Virginia,  these  captives  of  war  were  now  settled  for  a 
time  and  tiiere  General  Riedesel  had  built  for  his  family  a 
large  house,  at  a  cost  of  a  hundred  guineas.  "It  was 
exceedingly  pretty,"  wrote  the  Baroness,  however  they  never 
lived  in  it,  as  the  heat  in  summer  bothered  them  a  good 
deal  and  General  Riedesel  having  had  a  sun  stroke,  they 
repaired  for  a  short  time  to  Frederick-spring  for  the  use  of 
the  baths  there,  and  while  here  met  General  Washington's 


394  Frederika  Baroness  Riedesel. 

family  and  a  Madame  ^^  Oarel "  ,  ^  who  though  an  ardent 
patriot  was  a  reasonable  and  most  lovable  woman.  She  and 
Baroness  Riedesel  became  great  friends,  spending  their 
afternoons  together,  when  Captain  Geismar  would  play  the 
violin  and  the  Baroness  sang  Italian  airs,  which  gave  all 
great  pleasure.  One  day  while  thus  engaged,  a  countryman, 
firom  whom  they  had  endeavored  by  many  Idnd  words  to 
obtain  fresh  butter,  came  in  upon  them.  As  the  Americans 
generally  are  fond  of  music,  he  listened  attentively,  and 
when  the  Baroness  had  finished,  asked  her  to  sing  once 
more.  She  asked  him  sportively  what  he  would  give  her 
for  it?  saying  she  did  nothing  gratis.  <^Two  pounds  of 
butter,"  he  at  once  answered.  The  idea  pleased  her  so  well, 
that  she  began  to  sing.  "  Play  another  one,"  said  he,  ae 
soon  as  she  had  finished  that,  ^<  but  something  lively."  At 
length  she  sang  so  much,  that  the  next  morning  he  brought 
her  four  or  five  pounds  of  the  coveted  butter.  He  also  had 
his  wife  with  him.  Thus  she  succeded  in  winning  their 
affection  and  from  this  time  forth  lacked  for  nothing.  The 
best  of  the  joke  was,  that  the  good  soul  actually  believed 
the  Baroness  wished  to  be  paid  for  singing,  and  won- 
dered much  when  she  paid  them  for  the  butter  which  they 
supposed  they  had  already  sold. 

The  Baroness  describes  the  dancing  of  the  negroes,  as 
she  saw  it  in  the  south,  and  the  Virginia  reel  of  the  gentry ; 
describes  also  the  landed  proprietors  and  their  slaves  as  they 
existed  at  that  time,  and  enjoys  the  beauty  of  the  country, 
though  wild  and  rugged,  as  it  then  was. 

During  their  sojourn  at  these  baths.  General  Riedesel 
received  news  that  he  and  General  Phillips  with  their 
adjutanb3  were  to  go  to  New  York  in  order  to  be  exchanged. 
Madame  Garel  then  invited  them  to  visit  her  at  her 
country  seat,  in  the  Province  of  Maryland,  on  their  way 
north.     The   picture  of  charming  hospitality   they   there 

*  Garel — aa  Baroness  Riedesel  writes,  in  reality  Carroll.  The  lady 
haying  been  a  Mrs.  Carroll  of  the  well  known  and  distinguished  Carrolls 
of  Carrollton  in  Maryland. 


Frederika  Baroness  Riedesel.  396 

found  awaiting  them  is  given  with  the  truest  appreciation 
by  the  Baroness. 

"  I  had  advised  Madame  Garel  of  my  arrival,"  she  writes, 
^^  and  she  sent  a  man  on  horseback  to  meet  me.  After  I 
had  passed  through  a  very  pretty  hamlet,  inhabited  by  pure 
negroes — each  of  whom  had  his  garden,  and  understood 
some  handicraft — ^we  drove  through  a  large  court-yard,  to 
a  very  beautiful  house,  where  the  whole  family  received  us 
with  a  joyful  welcome.  The  fietmily  consisted  of  an  old 
father-in-law,  eighty-four  years  of  age,  of  a  sprightly 
humour  and  the  most  extreme  neatness,  upon  whose  vener- 
able countenance,  appeared  happy  contentment;  four  per- 
fectly lovely  grandchildren ;  and  their  kind,  beloved  mother, 
our  amiable  hostess.  We  were  served  upon  silver,  and 
entertained,  not,  it  is  true,  with  much  display,  but  with 
taste.  Nothing  was  wanting  for  comfort  She  said  to  me 
that,  as  she  hoped  I  would  remain  with  her  a  long  time,  she 
had  received  me  as  if  I  belonged  to  the  family. 

<^  The  garden  was  magnificent;  and  on  the  following  day, 
she  drove  us  out  to  show  us  the  vineyard,  which  was 
splendid,  and  displayed  great  taste,  in  fact  exceeding  my 
expectations.  First  we  went  through  a  great  fruit  garden. 
Then  we  ascended  the  vineyard  by  a  winding  path,  which 
led  to  the  top  of  the  hill.  Between  every  two  vines,  a 
poplar-rose  and  an  amaranth  grew.  The  effect  of  this 
arrangement  was  to  give  a  magnificent  appearance  to  every 
part  of  the  vineyard,  to  one  looking  down  from  the  top, 
such  a  one,  indeed,  that  for  beauty,  I  have  not  found  its 
equal  in  any  part  of  America  which  I  have  seen.  The  hus- 
band of  Madame  Gkirel  had  traveled  abroad,  and  gathered 
these  ideas  of  the  laying  out  of  grounds  in  England  and  in 
Prance.  In  other  respects  he  was  not  very  lovable,  but 
rather  brusque  and  niggardly,  and  not  at  all  suited  to  his 
wife,  who,  although  she  never  showed  it  by  outward  signs, 
nevertheless  did  not  appear  to  be  happy.  Her  father-in-law 
she  loved  very  much. 

"  Not  far  from  this  estate  was  a  town,  called  Baltimore, 


396  Frederika  Baroness  Riedesd. 

which  they  told  me  was  very  pretty,  and  inhabited  by  many 
amiable  families.  We  received  a  visit  from  an  intimate 
friend  of  our  hostess.  Both  these  women  reminded  me  ot 
Rousseau's  Heloise  and  her  friend,  and  the  old  father  of 
the  husband  of  Heloise.  Madame  was  as  full  of  tender 
feeling  as  she,  and  would,  I  believe,  have  gladly  had  a  St. 
Preux  for  a  husband.  We  arranged  for  her  a  temple 
adorned  with  flowers.  The  lovely  agreeable  Madame  Garel 
is  now  dead ;  and  her  family,  but  especially  her  children, 
have  met  with  a  great  loss.  We  remained  here  eight  or 
ten  days,  and  our  parting  was  very  sad.  They  supplied  us 
with  provisions  of  the  best  quality,  enough  to  last  for  a 
long  time.  We  however,  did  not  need  them,  aa  the  royal- 
ist, through  friendly  feeling,  and  the  others  through  custom, 
welcomed  us  kindly  and  furnished  us  with  everything 
needful  for  sustenance.  In  this  country  it  would  be  held 
a  crime  to  refuse  hospitality  to  a  traveler.'' 

From  Maryland  into  Pennsylvania,  where  they  stopped 
at  Yorktown  and  Bethlehem,  in  that  beautiful  country 
settled  by  the  Moravians,  and  on  to  Elizabethtown,  in  the 
Province  of  New  Jersey  and  so  near  to  New  York  they 
journeyed,  counting  on  the  happiness,  now  almost  at  hand, 
awaiting  them  there,  but  only  to  be  disappointed,  for  at 
Elizabethtown  th^y  received  a  letter  with  an  order  to  return 
south  again,  as  the  Congress  had  refused  to  ratify  the  ex- 
change. Shattered  as  the  Baroness's  hopes  now  were,  she 
did  not  allow  her  courage  to  fail  her,  and  took  this  news 
as  collectedly  as  the  bravest,  although  she  was  ill  and  suf- 
fering, expecting  soon  to  give  birth  to  a  child.  They  re- 
turned to  Bethlehem,  where  after  a  residence  of  six  weeks, 
they  received  permission  to  go  to  New  York  again.  They 
passed  through  Elizabethtown  for  the  second  time,  where 
they  were  most  kindly  received,  and  there  embarked  on 
the  Hudson  river  and  reached  New  York  late  in  the  even- 
ing. Here,  by  the  greatest  kindness  and  delicacy,  they 
were  installed  in  the  very  elegant  town  house  of  General 
^Tryon,   who    had   bidden  his    servants    not    to    tell   the 


Frederika  Baroness  Riedesel.  397 

Baroness  where  she  had  been  taken,  for  fear  she  would  not 
accept  of  this  gift.  (This  house  subsequently  and  until  late 
years  was  the  site  of  the  Bank  of  New  York.)  This  noble- 
minded  man,  however,  in  order  to  avoid  their  thanks, 
crossed  over  to  Long  Island  where  he  had  a  provisional 
command. 

All  her  wishes  were  anticipated,  and  her  one  fear  was  lest 
she  (when  the  truth  reached  her,)  should  abuse  so  much 
hospitality  and  kindness.  Everything  at  that  time  was  at 
the  highest  price.  Many  articles  of  food  could  not  be  ob- 
tained at  all,  and  others  were  so  dear  as  to  exhaust  the 
means  of  the  wealthiest,  who  hitherto  had  kept  up  their  six 
courses,  their  side  services,  and  a  great  deal  of  fish,  flesh 
and  fowl,  as  was  then  in  fashion.  While  here  the  small- 
pox raged  violently,  and  having  been  offered  a  house,  an 
hour's  ride  out  of  the  town,  by  General  Clinton,  they  re- 
moved there,  and  had  the  children  inoculated  with  the 
small-pox — ^^^an  operation,"  writes  Baroness  Riedesel, 
^^  which  would  have  been  dangerous  to  have  performed  in 
the  city." 

On  their  return  to  New  York  she  found  the  dwell- 
ing, which  had  been  built  for  them,  at  the  expense  of 
the  British  nation,  finished  and  fitted  throughout  with 
mahogany  furniture.  The  expense  this  would  occasion 
frightened  her,  as  she  had  already  received  the  greatest 
possible  kindness  and  courtesy  from  the  English.  They, 
in  fact,  overwhelmed  them  with  distinguished  marks  of 
sincere  friendship,  for  which  they  were  in  a  great  measure, 
to  thank  Gteneral  Phillips,  who  in  New  York  was  very 
much  beloved,  and  was  so  strong  a  friend  to  them,  that  it 
was  declared  that  whatever  was  done  for  the  Riedesels, 
would  flatter  him  more  than  if  done  for  himself. 

As  the  birthday  of  the  Queen  of  England  approached, 
they  wished  to  celebrate  the  day  with  a  great  fete ;  and  it 
was  the  general  wish,  partly  to  please  Gteneral  Phillips  and 
partly  to  make  the  Baroness  forget  her  own  sufferings,  to 
confer  on  her  the  distinguished  honour  of  being  queen  of 


/ 


398  Frederika  Baroness  Riedesd. 

the  ball.  At  length  the  great  day  arrived,  and  the  Baron- 
ess, representing  the  qaeen,  had  the  pleasure  of  having  the 
whole  company  assembled  introduced  to  her.  At  six  in 
the  afternoon  she  was  obliged  to  drive  in  a  carriage  seated 
(q)poaite  two  generals,  to  the  ball,  where  they  were  received 
with  kettle-drums  and  trumpets,  and  at  supper  to  sit  under 
a  canopy,  and  drink  the  first  toast  So  much  touched  was 
the  Baroness  by  all  the  marks  of  friendship  she  received 
that  although  extremely  tired,  in  order  to  show  her  grati- 
tude she  remained  as  long  as  possible,  even  till  two  in  the 
morning. 

Not  only  on  this  occasion,  but  during  her  whole  sojourn 
in  New  York,  the  Biedesels  were  loaded  with  so  much 
kindness,  that  they  passed  the  winter  very  pleasantly,  with 
the  exception  of  suffering  intensely  with  the  cold.  In  vain 
did  Sir  Henry  Clinton  issue  proclamations  to  the  farmers 
of  Long  Island  to  send  in  their  wood.  The  demand  for 
fnel  could  not  be  supplied,  and  the  Baroness  Biedesel,  the 
caressed  of  all  the  army,  suffered  severely  in  that  inclement 
winter. 

Orders  were  given  to  cut  down  some  of  the  trees  in  the 
great  avenue  in  front  of  the  cily.  This  was  probably  the 
present  Wall  street,  but  all  the  principal  highways  were 
adorned  at  this  period  with  luxuriant  shade  trees.  A 
traveler  at  this  time  visiting  New  York  describes  the  chiet 
streets  as  being  all  planted  with  magnificent  trees,  which  in 
summer  gave  them  a  fine  appearance,  and  during  the  exces- 
sive heat  afforded  a  cooling  shade.  Therefore,  as  can  be 
imagined,  many  protested  at  such  proceedings  as  foiling 
these  town  trees,  and  chief  among  them  to  object  was  die 
Baroness  Riedesel,  who  in  spite  of  such  dire  need  as  she 
felt  for  the  wood,  objected  much  to  such  considerable 
damage  as  the  cutting  down  of  them  would  entail. 

About  this  time,  an  old  acquaintance,  who  had  known 
the  Baroness  in  her  ^Ihood,  the  Hessian  Oeneral  Loos, 
came  to  New  York.  Upon  meeting  her  again  he  ex- 
claimed, <<  Why!  what  has  become  of  your  slender  waist, 


Frederika  Baroness  Riedesd.  390 

your  beautiful  complexion  and  your  &ir  white  hands? 
They  are  gone,  but  in  their  stead  you  have  seen  many 
lands ;  and  when  you  return  home  you  will  be  called  upon 
by  this  one  and  that  one  of  your  acquaintance  to  relate 
your  adventures,  and  perhaps,  the  very  next  instant,  those 
very  ladies  who  first  asked  you,  will  out  of  envy,  declare 
your  narrative  wearisome,  and  while  playing  with  their 
fans,  will  say,  *  The  woman  can  talk  of  nothing  but  Amer- 
ica.' "  As  the  Baroness  knew  it  was  his  custom  to  speak 
the  plain  truth,  with  her  charming  amiability,  she  thanked 
him  for  his  warning,  promising  to  guard  herself  against  the 
weakness  of  constantly  talking  of  this  journey,  into  which 
fault  she  felt  she  easily  might  fall.  On  her  side,  however, 
she  counseled  him,  that  when  with  other  women,  he  should 
also  guard  himself  against  speaking  of  the  perishability  of 
their  charms,  as  he  might  find  many  who  would  not  take  it 
as  good  naturedly  as  she  had. 

The  seventh  day  of  March  1780  a  daughter  was  born  to 
the  Biedesels  who,  it  had  already  been  arranged  were  the 
child  a  boy,  should  be  christened  Americus,  but  being  a 
girl,  they  immediately  called  America. 

The  rest  of  the  winter  seems  to  have  been  passed  agree- 
ably in  spite  of  no  little  anidety  on  the  part  of  the  Baroness 
for  fear  the  children  or  her  husband  should  contract  the 
small-pox,  as  the  latter  was  fiu*  from  being  in  robust  health 
after  all  the  exposures  that  the  war  and  the  climate  had 
subjected  him  to. 

Oeneral  Sir  Henry  Clinton  invited  them  to  q>end  the 
summer  at  his  country  seat,  a  delightful  residence,  having 
a  most  beautiful  situation,  orchard  and  meadows  and  the 
Hudson  river  running  directly  in  front  of  the  house.  Every- 
thing was  placed  at  their  disposal,  including  firuits  of  the 
most  delicious  flavor,  more  indeed  than  they  could  eat  so 
that  their  servants  also  feasted  on  peaches  even  to  satiety, 
and  their  horses,  which  roamed  through  the  orchards, 
eagerly  ate  firuits  off  the  trees,  disdaining  that  on  the 
ground,  which  they  had  gathered  to  give  to  the  pigs  to 


400  Frederika  Baroness  RiedeseL 

fatten  them.  Peaches,  apricots  and  other  fmits  were  raised 
here  without  espaliers  and  had  trunks  as  thick  as  those  of 
ordinary  trees. 

"  Not  far  from  us,"  writes  the  Baroness,  "  were  the  Hell- 
gates,  which  are  dangerous  breakers  for  the  ships  to  pass 
through  up  the  river.  We  often  saw  ships  in  danger,  but 
only  one  was  wrecked  and  went  to  pieces  during  our  stay 
at  this  place." 

General  Clinton  came  often  to  visit  them,  sometimes 
accompanied  by  only  one  aid-de-camp.  On  one  of  these 
occasions,  he  had  with  him  the  unfortunate — ^as  he  after- 
wards became — Major  Andr6,  who  the  day  after,  set  out 
upon  the  fatal  expedition,  in  which  he  was  captured  as  a 
spy.  "It  was  very  sad,"  wrote  the  Baroness,  "that  this 
pre-eminently  excellent  young  man  should  have  fiEdlen  a 
victim  to  his  zeal  and  his  kind  heart,  which  led  him  to 
undertake  such  a  precarious  errand  instead  of  leaving  it  to 
older  and  known  officers  to  whom  properly  the  duty 
belonged,  but  whom  on  that  very  account  (as  they  would 
be  more  exposed  to  danger),  he  wished  to  save." 

They  remained  the  entire  summer  of  1780,  upon  this 
lovely  estate.  Two  Miss  Robinsons  came  to  share  their 
loneliness,  and  enliven  their  company,  but  a  fortnight  pre- 
vious to  the  Riedesels  return  to  the  city,  news  of  the  arrival 
of  a  ship  from  England  bringing  over  the  latest  fiishions, 
took  these  ladies  back  again  to  town.  On  the  Baroness's 
return  to  the  city  she  scarcely  recognized  them  in  their  odd 
and  actually  laughable  garb,  which  a  very  pretty  woman, 
just  over  from  England,  had  imposed  upon  them  and  other 
New  York  ladies.  The  taste  for  fashionable  frivolity  and 
display  seems  to  have  been  totally  unaffected  by  the 
privations  of  the  gloomy  winter  which  followed. 

In  the  autumn  of  1780  General  Riedesel  and  General 
Phillips  were  finally  exchanged;  and  by  the  spring  of  1781, 
General  lUedesel  having  been  given  a  command  on  Long 
Island,  we  find  them  settled  there  in  a  house  where  again 
they  were  fortunate  in    having  a  magnificent    prospect, 


Frederika  Baroness  Riedesel.  401 

though  in  danger  of  constantly  attempted  surprises  by  the 
Americans  in  order  to  take  prisoners.  Every  evening  they 
could  see  from  their  windows  the  city  of  New  York  lighted 
up  and  it's  reflection  in  the  water.  They  could  also  hear 
the  beating  of  the  drums,  and  if  everything  was  particularly 
still,  even  the  calls  of  the  sentinels.  Another  day  a  fleet 
of  thirty  ships  approached  under  full  sail,  and  anchored 
between  them  and  the  city. 

Among  the  troops  under  General  RiedeBel's  command  at 
this  place  were  the  English  light  dragoons  who  evidently 
loved  their  commander  and  his  wife  exceedingly,  and  on 
one  occasion  when  the  English  ofiicers  had  been  dining 
with  them,  her  husband  said  that  he  would  accompany 
them  back  to  their  camp,  whereupon  they  very  politely 
begged  the  Baroness  to  go  with  the  party.  She  accepted, 
seated  herself  m  a  carriage,  and  reached  the  camp  in 
advance  of  them.  Much  to  her  surprise  she  was  greeted 
with  military  honours,  even  to  the  beating  of  drums  which 
quite  confused  her,  so  that  she  remarked  to  an  ofiicer  that 
this  was  not  suitable  to  her,  and  that  German  women  were 
not  accustomed  to  such  distinctions.  But  he  at  once 
answered  that  their  whole  corps  could  not  sufficientiy 
honor  the  wife  of  a  general  who,  as  their  commanding 
ofiicer,  had  treated  them  with  so  much  kindness ;  and  more 
than  all  this,  they  would  never  forget  what  she  had  done 
for  their  comrades  at  Saratoga. 

The  time  of  their  departure  was  very  uncertain,  and  as 
the  health  of  General  lUedesel  did  not  improve,  and  more- 
over his  presence  was  necessary  to  that  portion  of  his  corps 
which  had  remained  behind  in  Canada,  General  Clinton 
was  finally  induced  to  send  him  thither,  although  he  loved 
him  so  much  that  he  parted  from  him  with  regret.  This 
friendship  continued  between  them — ^although  separated — 
until  death;  and  the  Riedesel  family  continued  for  more 
than  one  generation  to  keep  up  a  friendly  intercourse  with 
succeeding  generations  of  Clintons. 

About  this  time  they  also  parted  from  General  Phillips^ 
VOL.  XXX. — 26 


402  Frederika  Baroness  Riedesd. 

who  was  sent  on  an  expedition  to  Carolina.  The  parting 
on  both  sides  was  painful,  and  as  this  excellent  man  died 
there,  they  never  beheld  him  again. 

Their  departure  was  at  last  determined  for  the  month  of 
July ;  accordingly  they  set  sail  and  after  a  most  distressing 
voyage,  with  illness,  fogs  and  all  kinds  of  mishaps  reached 
Quebec. 

Arriving  in  the  middle  of  September  in  Canada  and 
making  friends  at  once  with  the  generally  difficult  English 
Lieutenant  General  Haldimand,  who  with  great  friendliness 
deplores  that  no  fit  dwelling  was  ready  for  them  at  Sorel 
upon  their  arrival,  but  points  out  to  the  Baroness  that  this 
post  is  of  such  considerable  importance,  that  he  knew  of  no 
one  so  capable  of  filling  it  as  her  husband.  Such  appre- 
ciation of  her  spouse  easily  won  Baroness  Riedesel  and  we 
soon  find  her  delighting  in  a  house  built  for  them,  which 
was  in  readiness  for  their  reception  on  Christmas-eve,  and 
there  they  celebrated  that  blessed  holiday  and  ate  an 
English  Christmas  pie. 

"Upon  the  walls  pretty  paper  hangings  were  pasted," 
writes  the  Baroness,  "and  we  really  had  quite  a  spruce 
residence.  We  had  a  large  dining-room,  and  near  by,  a 
pretty  room  for  my  husband,  close  to  which  was  our  sleep- 
ing i^artment:  then  came  a  little  nursery,  to  which  was 
attached  a  small  closet  also  prettily  fitted  up  especially  for 
our  eldest  daughter ;  and  last  of  all  a  large  and  beautiful 
parlor,  which  we  used  as  a  sitting  room.  The  entry  resem- 
bled more  a  fine  apartment  Along  it's  sides  were  benches, 
and  in  it  stood  a  great  stove,  from  which  strong  pipes 
extended  to  the  ceiling  and  heated  the  whole  house." 

Thus  they  lived  most  comfortably  and  never  seem  to 
have  suffered  from  the  cold,  or  the  severity  of  the  Canadian 
winters.  What  they  missed  in  society  by  being  at  Sorel, 
they  made  up  for  by  visits  of  five  and  six  weeks  at  a  time 
at  Quebec,  and  soon  we  find  the  intrepid  Baroness  em- 
barked upon  a  journey  to  Montreal,  going  by  sledge  along 
the  frozen  St  Lawrence  to  spend  a  week  there. 


Frederika  Baroness  Riedesel.  403 

Ab  the  Beason  for  planting  came  round  her  husband  con- 
verted the  large  patch  of  ground  round  their  house  at  Sorel 
into  a  productive  garden,  in  which  he  planted  twelve  hun- 
dred fruit  trees  and  a  few  vegetables,  and  made  this  garden 
not  only  ornamental,  but  useful.  Everything  grew  splen- 
didly ;  and  in  the  evening  they  amused  themselves  picking 
cucumbers,  which  the  Baroness  pickled,  German  fashion, 
and  made  presents  of  to  her  Canadian  fiiends.  In  fact, 
they  lived  upon  a  magnificent  farm,  keeping  cows,  a  large 
number  of  fowls,  and  Virginia  pigs,  funny  little,  black, 
short-legged  things.  The  Baroness  made  her  own  butter, 
and  felt  truly  this  was  the  promised  land.  They  made  the 
acquaintance  of  the  cranberry  at  this  time,  which  the  In- 
dians called  ottocas,  and  which  to-day  are  sold  in  the 
markets  at  Montreal  by  this  name.  The  soldiers  also  had 
their  gardens  attached  to  their  barracks,  her  husband  giv- 
ing them  seeds.  There  was  considerable  rivalry  among 
these  fellows  aa  to  which  could  prepare  the  best  meal.  They 
divided  regularly  with  one  another  all  their  work,  as  some 
worked  in  the  garden;  some  did  the  cooking;  some  kept 
the  barracks  clean ;  others  again  went  out  into  the  forest 
and  cut  wood,  and  each  company  went  fishing  in  turn,  and 
all  were  so  considerate  as  to  send  some  of  the  fish  which 
they  caught  to  the  Baroness.  In  this  way  they  had  fish 
two  and  three  times  a  week.  Notwithstanding  all  this,  all 
looked  wistfully  toward  their  native  land. 

While  in  Canada  there  was  another  daughter  bom  to  the 
Riedesels,  whom  they  called  Canada,  but  who  they  were 
destined  to  loose,  and  the  beloved  little  one  was  buried  in 
Sorel.  In  order  to  dissipate  their  sorrow,  General  Haldi- 
mand,  in  the  summer  of  1783,  begged  his  firiends  to  visit 
him  in  Quebec.  They  had,  however,  when  the  invitation 
came,  just  heard  of  the  death  of  General  Riedesel's  fitther, 
and  this,  very  naturally,  made  them  long  more  than  ever 
to  return  to  Europe.  The  Baroness  also  wished  very  much 
to  see  her  own  dear  mother,  brothers  and  sisters  once  more. 
Had  it  not  been  for  this  homesickness,  they  would  have  been 


404  Frederika  Baroness  Riedesel. 

perfectly  contented  in  Canada ;  for  the  climate  agreed  well 
with  them  all,  and  they  were  beloved  by,  and  on  a  very 
pleasant  footing  with  the  people.  News  had  been  received 
that  as  the  preliminaries  of  peace  had  already  been  signed, 
their  troops  would,  perhaps,  be  sent  back  to  Europe  that 
year.  General  Haldimand  also,  very  much  wished  to  re- 
turn to  England,  and  had  gone  so  for  as  to  solicit  his  recall. 
They  often  formed  plans  to  make  the  return  voyage  to- 
gether. One  day  when  at  his  house,  walking  together  in 
the  garden,  a  number  of  vessels  arrived  in  the  harbour,  and 
among  others,  a  very  beautiful  ship  anchored  at  the  foot  of 
the  mountain.  General  Haldimand  said,  ^^  Those  are  cer- 
tainly the  vessels  that  are  to  take  your  troops  back  to 
Europe.     Perhaps  we  shaU  make  the  journey  together.'* 

Two  days  afterwards,  he  called  upon  the  Baroness,  and 
with  tears  in  his  eyes  told  her  they  must  separate.  <^  You 
are  to  go,  but  I  must  remain.  I  shall  miss  you  very  much. 
I  have  found  in  your  entire  family  friends  such  as  are  sel- 
dom met  with.  I  had  hoped  we  should  have  returned  to- 
gether but  the  King  has  ordered  it  otherwise  and  I  must 
obey  him.  Meanwhile  I  have  myself  examined  the  ship 
that  was  chosen  for  you,  and  finding  it  unsafe  and  not  as 
good  as  I  wish  for  you,  I  have  assumed  the  responsibility 
of  hiring  and  having  it  put  in  proper  order,  for  the  oc- 
cupation of  yourself  and  your  family,  the  one  we  admired 
from  my  garden.  Now  go  and  look  at  it,  and  order  it  fitted 
up  for  your  comfort  exactly  as  you  wish.  Your  husband  is 
about  to  go  to  Sorel,  and  it  would  be  well  for  you  to  ac- 
company him  thither  to  make  all  necessary  arrangements 
for  your  voyage,  but  you  must  return  here  soon  and  give 
me  your  company  for  the  little  time  that  will  remain  to  you 
before  your  departure."  He  then  left  her  deeply  moved. 
She  started  immediately  for  Sorel,  and  upon  finishing  the 
necessary  packing  returned  to  Quebec,  prepared  to  set  sail 
as  soon  as  their  ship  was  ready  for  them. 

On  their  departure.  General  Riedesel  sent  to  the  good 
General  Haldimand  his  favorite  mare,  with  her  beautiful 


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Frederika  Baroness  Riedesel.  405 

foal;  and  in  return  he  sent  the  Baroness  a  magnificent 
muff  and  tippit  of  sable,  to  remind  them  of  the  land  where 
they  had  so  long  resided. 

Two  days  before  their  departure,  the  English  officers 
paid  them  the  attention — ^in  a  comedy  which  they  gave 
twice  a  week, — of  ^ving  at  the  end  of  the  performance,  a 
truly  touching  song,  expressive  of  their  regret  at  the  de- 
parture of  their  troops ;  and  closing  with  thanking  General 
Biedesel  for  his  kind  treatment  of  each  one  of  them,  and 
with  wishing  them  a  prosperous  journey. 

After  her  husband  had  seen  to  the  embarkation  of  the 
troops,  they  took  dinner  and  tea  with  General  Haldimand ; 
after  which  he  escorted  them  to  the  ship,  where  they  took 
a  right  hearty  but  sad  farewell  of  him,  and  several  others 
who  had  showed  them  friendliness. 

It  was  the  middle  of  August  when  they  set  out  on  their 
return  journey  home,  and  they  arrived  at  Portsmouth  about 
the  middle  of  the  following  September.  "  Our  hearts  were 
very  light  as  we  stepped  upon  the  land,"  wrote  the  Baroness 
to  her  mother,  "  and  I  thanked  God  for  the  happy  reunion 
of  us  all,  and  especially  for  having  preserved  my  husband 
to  me."  They  almost  immediately  set  out  for  London 
where  they  were  presented  to  their  majesties,  who  received 
them  with  extraordinary  graciousness.  They,  surrounded 
by  the  princesses,  their  daughters,  all  seated  before  the 
chimney-fire,  the  queen,  the  princesses  and  Baroness  Itied- 
esel  forming  a  half  circle,  her  husband,  with  the  Elng, 
standing  in  the  centre  close  to  the  fire  while  tea  and  cakes 
were  passed  round.  His  Majesty  said  to  the  Baroness  that 
he  had  followed  her  everywhere  and  oft;en  inquired  after 
her  and  always  heard  with  delight  that  she  was  well,  con- 
tented and  beloved  by  everyone.  About  nine  o'clock  in  the 
evening  the  Prince  of  Wales  came  in.  His  young  sisters 
flocked  round  him  and  he  embraced  them  and  danced  them 
about.  In  short  the  royal  family  had  such  a  peculiar  gift 
for  removing  all  restraint  that  one  could  readily  imagine 
himself  to  be  in  a  cheerful  circle  of  his  own  station  in  life. 


406  Frederika  Baroness  Riedesel. 

During  her  short  sojourn  in  London  at  this  time  the 
Baroness  had  the  pleasure  of  meeting  Lord  North  and 
Mr.  Fox;  she  also  made  some  trips  to  the  surrounding 
country  and  to  become  better  acquainted  with  London  and 
ita  vicinity  went  to  see  the  most  note-worthy  objects  of 
interest. 

The  news  that  the  fleet  that  was  to  take  them  to  Ger- 
many was  in  sailing  trim,  hurried  them  away  and  having 
made  a  great  journey  (for  those  days),  they  were  soon 
safely  landed  once  again  in  Germany.  They  remained  a  day 
in  Stade  where  they  had  landed,  and  from  there  the  Baron- 
ess, directed  by  her  beloved  husband  as  ever,  went  on  to 
Wolfenbuttel. 

Here  she  found  the  family  mansion  in  the  same  order 
as  she  had  left  it  on  her  departure  for  America.  Good 
friends  had  come  expressly  to  do  this  for  their  recep- 
tion and  also  prepared  a  capital  supper;  after  refreshing 
themselves  with  it.  Baroness  Riedesel  retired  to  rest  with  a 
feeling  of  hearty  and  sincere  thanks  to  God  for  having  pre- 
served her  through  so  many  and  manifold  dangers,  but 
especially  for  His  having  so  graciously  watched  over  all  her 
family,  and,  she  writes,  "  for  the  precious  gift  of  my  little 
daughter  America." 

About  a  week  afterward  she  had  the  great  satisfaction  of 
seeing  her  husband  with  his  own  troops,  pass  through  the 
city.  "  But  it  is  beyond  my  power  to  describe  my  emotions, 
at  beholding  my  beloved,  upright  husband,  who,  the  whole 
time  had  lived  solely  for  his  duty,  and  who  had  constantly 
been  so  unwearied  in  helping  and  assisting,  as  far  as  possi- 
ble those  who  had  been  entrusted  to  him — standing,  with 
tears  of  joy  in  his  eyes,  in  the  midst  of  his  soldiers,  who  in 
turn  were  surrounded  by  a  joyous  and  sorrowful  crowd  of 
fathers,  mothers,  wives,  children,  sisters  and  friends — all 
pressing  round  him  to  see  again  their  loved  ones." 

The  following  day  they  went  to  Brunswick,  where  they 
dined  at  court  and  met  again,  after  this  long  separa- 
tion many   friends.      "  Welches  eine  grosse  Freude,  aber 


Frederika  Baroness  Riedesel.  407 

zugleich  eine  Gtemiithsbewegung  in  mir  erregte,  die  mich 
bis  infl  Innerste  erschiitterte."  * 

Agwn  in  Germany,  in  the  adored  Fatherland,  and  better 
still,  once  more  in  her  own  home.  Baroness  Riedesel  enjoyed 
a  respite  from  the  alarms  of  war  for  four  happy  years,  when 
her  husband  was  advanced  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant  Gen- 
eral, and  was  sent  to  Holland  to  support  the  cause  of  the 
Stadtholder;  after  which  he  returned  to  Lauterbach,  the 
ancestral  castle  and  ^^  Landgut"  of  the  Riedesels  in  Hesse. 

In  1794  he  was  appointed  commandant  of  the  city  ot 
Brunswick,  and  died  there  in  1800.  Baroness  Riedesel 
survived  her  husband  eight  years,  and  after  a  most  happy 
life,  idolized  by  all  her  family,  and  especially  her  nine  chil- 
dren and  a  host  of  friends,  she  died  at  Berlin,  on  the  29th 
of  March,  1808,  at  the  age  of  sixty-two.  She  rests  by  the 
side  of  her  beloved  consort  in  the  family  vault  at  Lauter- 
bach. Her  only  son,  George,  died  in  1854,  at  Buchwald  in 
Silesia,  the  home  of  her  gifted  and  distinguished  daughter, 
Frederika,  who  had  accompanied  her  mother  in  all  her 
wanderings  in  America,  and  who  as  Countess  Reden  was 
one  of  the  most  celebrated  women  of  her  day,  on  warm 
terms  of  friendship  with  the  prominent  men  of  the  time ; 
and  after  her  death  the  king  of  Prussia,  Frederick  William, 
caused  a  beautiful  monument  to  be  erected  to  her  memory. 
Baroness  RiedesePs  son  left  but  one  daughter,  with  whom 
this  branch  of  the  Riedesel  family  died  out.  America  be- 
came the  Countess  Bernsdorf,  and  was,  like  all  her  wonder- 
ful mother's  daughters,  a  delightful  woman. 

With  Montaigne,  "  As  for  the  tales  I  borrow,  I  charge 
them  upon  the  conscience  of  those  from  whom  I  have 
them." 

Whatever  may  have  been  General  Burgoyne's  reputation 
or  Baroness  Riedesel's  opinion  of  him,  we  know  that  this 
country    and   the    public  in  general   considered  him   an 

^  This  was  great  joy  ;  but  excited  in  me,  at  the  same  time,  emotions 
which  moved  my  innermost  soul. 


408 


Frederika  Baroness  Riedesel. 


accomplished  gentleman,  and  a  gallant  officer.  And  of  a 
war,  which  it  is  easy  to  suppoee,  would  necesBarily  bear  the 
stamp  of  the  strongest  animooities,  the  most  incensed  pas- 
sions, and  a  depth  of  feeling  peculiar  to  civil  dissensions,  it 
is  a  proud  thing,  indeed,  to  read  that  not  only  humanity, 
but  urbanity,  kindness,  and  genuine  sympathy,  were  shown 
to  the  captives,  and  to  have  it  in  documentary  evidence  as 
agreeable  as  that  with  which  the  Baroness  Riedesel  in  her 
experience  presents  it. 


Des  Neuerofeuten  Bilder  Saal  vol.  xvil,  published  in  Numberg, 
Qermany  in  1782,  contains  an  article  on  the  *<  English- American  war'\ 
covering  the  period  from  1776  to  1780.  The  following  is  a  translation 
of  the  account  of  the  capitulation  of  Burgoyne's  army  to  Crates,  and  a 
reproduction  of  the  quaint  etching  which  illustrates  the  text  "  Upon 
the  day  after  the  terms  of  capitulation  had  been  agreed  upon,  and  the 
documents  signed  and  exchanged,  the  whole  army,  at  the  appointed 
hour  marched  out  from  camp  with  bands  playing  and  colors  flying,  to 
the  plain  designated  for  the  surrender.  At  the  same  time  the  whole 
American  army  was  ordered  out  by  Qenl.  Gates  and  drawn  up  opposite 
their  late  foes,  and^the  order  given  for  them  to  '  about  face  *  and  re- 
main in  that  position  until  the  surrender  was  completed.  Even  the 
twenty-four  companies  of  Grenadiers,  who  were  paraded  at  the  same 
time  and  place,  had  to  obey  the  same  order  and  lower  their  colors,  so 
that  the  Royal  troops  might  not  have  any  witnesses  to  this  scene  of 
their  humiliation.  Even  General  Gates  did  not  wish  to  be  a  witness  to 
this  sad  scene,  and  closed  the  curtain  of  his  carriage  until  all  was 
over ;  which  extraordinary  action  and  noble  consideration,  gained  ibr 
him  the  esteem  and^admiration  of  the  whole  Eoglish  army.*' 


The  Wilsan  Portrait  of  Franklin.  409 


THE  WILSON  PORTRAIT  OF  FRANKLEN; 
EARL  GREY'S  GIFT  TO  THE  NATION. 

BY  CHABLES  HENBY  HABT. 

The  bi-centennary  of  the  birth  of  Benjamin  Franklin 
occurred  on  Januaiy  17,  1906,  but  curiously  and  unhistori- 
cally  wafl  not  celebrated  until  three  months  later,  on  April 
17,  which  was  the  day  and  month  of  his  death ;  and  the 
most  important  event,  as  also  the  most  interesting  incident, 
connected  with  the  celebration  was  the  graceful  restitution 
to  this  country,  by  Albert  Henry  George  Grey,  4th  Earl 
Grey  and  Governor  General  of  Canada,  since  1904,  of  the 
portrait  of  Franklin  carried  away  from  Philadelphia,  in 
1778,  by  his  great-grand&ther.  Major-general  Sir  Charles 
Grey,  as  one  of  the  spoils  of  war,  when  the  British 
evacuated  that  city.  Franklin's  house  was  the  quarters  for 
several  officers  including  M^jor  Andr6.  Andr6  was  an 
aide  on  Grey's  staff  and  Grey  doubtless  also  had  his  quarters 
in  Franklin's  house.  After  the  British  left  Philadelphia, 
Franklin's  son-in-law,  Richard  Bache,  wrote  to  him,  July 
14,  1778,  "A  Captain  Andr6  also  took  with  him  the 
picture  of  you  which  hung  in  the  dining  room.  The  rest 
of  the  pictures  are  safe."  It  now  would  appear  that  it 
Andr6  did  take  the  picture,  he  only  took  it  for  his  com- 
manding officer,  as  it  was  carried  to  England  and  for  more 
than  a  century  and  a  quarter  hung  in  Howick  House,  the 
Iforthumbrian  home  of  the  Greys.  Earl  Grey  announced 
his  intention  to  restore  the  portrait  to  this  country  at  the 
Pilgrim  Society  dinner,  in  New  York,  on  March  31st  A 
week  later  it  was  shipped  from  England  by  the  American 
ambassador,  Mr.  Reid,  directed  to  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  and  it  reached  New  York,  April  14th.  It 
was  sent  at  once  to  Washington  and  immediately  re-shipped 
to  Philadelphia,  where  it  arrived  on  Monday  the  16th,  the 


410  The  Wilson  Portrait  of  Franklin. 

day  preceding  the  opening  of  the  bi-centennary  commemo- 
rative services  and  was  placed  on  exhibition  at  the  Penn- 
sylvania Academy  of  the  Fine  Arts,  where  the  photograph 
was  taken  from  which  the  accompanying  excellent  photo- 
gravure was  made. 

Believing  in  giving  honor  to  whom  honor  is  due,  I  wish 
to  record  the  incidents  that  led  up  to  Earl  Grey*s  generous 
act  In  1900,  Mr.  Francis  Rawle,  of  Philadelphia,  was  in 
London  with  Mr.  Choate,  the  American  ambassador,  when 
Mr.  Choate  mentioned  to  Mr.  Rawle  having  recently  seen 
at  Earl  Grey's  home,  in  Northumberland,  a  portrait  of 
Franklin,  hanging  in  the  library,  over  the  mantel-piece,  which 
Earl  Grey  told  Mr.  Choate  had  long  been  in  the  family,  and 
that  the  tradition  was  that  Msgor  Andre  had  taken  it  from 
Franklin's  house,  in  Philadelphia,  during  the  British  occu- 
pation of  that  city.  Mr.  Rawle  naturally  was  much  inter- 
ested in  this  narration  and  upon  his  return  to  Philadelphia 
started  to  investigate  the  subject,  when  he  found  in  my 
article  on  "  The  Life  Portraits  of  Franklin,"  in  McClure's 
Magazine,  for  January  1897,  a  confirmation  of  Earl  Grey's 
traditions.  Mr.  Rawle  apprised  Mr.  Choate  of  what  he 
had  learned  and  asked  him  whether  he  would  care  to 
suggest  to  Earl  Grey  the  propriety  of  returning  the  portrait 
to  this  country.  This  was  the  germ  that  grew  so  splen- 
didly. But  Mr.  Rawle  did  not  leave  it  to  grow  alone  and 
uncared  for.  Finding  that  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell  knew  Earl 
Grey,  Mr.  Rawle  persuaded  him  to  write  to  the  Governor 
General  of  Canada  on  the  subject  and  later  it  was  brought 
again  to  Earl  Grey's  attention  by  a  gentleman  who  visited 
him  at  Ottawa  House.  These  influences  were  followed  up 
by  a  letter  from  Mr.  Rawle  to  Earl  Grey. 

PHiLA.DKLPHiA,  December  16, 1905 
Sir;  — 

It  came  to  my  knowledge  several  years  ago  that  you  have  in  your 
possession  the  portrait  of  Franklin  which  has  been  lost  to  the  world 
since  the  British  occupation  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 
Everything  relating  to  Franklin  has  a  double  interest  as  we  approach 


The  WUson  Portrait  of  Franklin.  411 

the  two  hundreth  anniyeraary  of  his  birth  on  January  6th  (0.  8.) 
This  anniversary  will  be  widely  celebrated,  but  chiefly  by  the  American 
Philosophical  Society,  founded  by  Franklin,  to  which  the  State  of 
Penna.  has  made  a  large  appropriation  of  funds  for  the  purpose,  thus 
indicating  in  a  most  unusual  way  the  importance  of  the  event.  That 
learned  Society  was  the  special  child  of  Franklin's  love  and  was 
enriched  by  many  gifts  from  him  of  his  papers  and  manuscripts. 
Under  these  special  circumstances  I  venture  to  ask  if  I  am  correctly 
informed  as  to  this  portrait  being  in  your  possession  and,  if  so,  to  ask 
whether  you  will  tell  me  what  is  known  of  its  history  before  it  came 
into  the  possession  of  your  fiunily  and  since.  I  assume  that  General 
Qrey,  who  held  high  command  in  the  British  army,  was  your  ancestor 
and  that  your  present  ownership  is  connected  with  him.  The  enclosed 
article,  in  one  of  our  periodicals,  will  give  you  such  information  as  we 
have  here  as  to  the  making  of  this  portrait  and  its  loss.  I  trust  that 
the  public  interest  that  is  felt  in  everything  relating  to  Franklin  in  this 
country  and  indeed  everywhere,  will  be  my  sufficient  excuse  for  making 
these  inquiries.     I  am,  with  great  respect 

Very  truly  yours 

Francis  Bawle 

To  this  letter  Earl  Qrey  promptly  replied ; — 

Ottawa.  20th  December  1906 
Dear  Sir ; — 

I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letter  and  to 
inform  you  that  the  picture  you  refer  to  is  in  my  house  in  Northum- 
berland. It  was  taken  by  Major  Andr6  from  Franklin's  house,  in 
Philadelphia,  and  handed  to  my  Great-grandfather,  General  Grey.  I 
am  much  obliged  to  you  for  sending  me  the  article  from  McClure's 
Magazine.  It  has  always  been  a  tradition  in  my  family  that  Franklin 
referred  with  regret  to  the  loss  of  his  portrait  on  the  ground  that  it  was 
generally  admitted  to  be  a  very  faithful  likeness.  I  asked  Mr.  Lowell 
if  he  could  obtain  for  me  any  documentary  evidence  confirming  this 
tradition.  He  made  a  diligent  search  but  failed.  Franklin's  letters 
quoted  in  the  article  you  have  been  good  enough  to  send  me,  and  which 
I  am  very  glad  to  possess,  have  given  me  the  documentary  evidence  I 
was  so  anxious  to  obtain.     I  remain 

Yours  faithfully 
To  Francis  Rawle  Esq.  Grey 

In  sending  to  me  copies  of  these  letters  Mr.  Rawle  writes, 
"It  was  through  your  learning  on  the  subject  that  the 
history  of  the  portrait  was  made  clear  to  Lord  Grey.     I 


412  The  Wilson  Pwirait  of  Franklin. 

Bent  him  a  copy  of  your  article  in  McClure's  Magazine." 
It  ifl  certainly  very  gratifying  to  have  been  the  means  of 
establishing  the  identity  of  the  portrait  in  Earl  Grey's 
possession  with  the  one  taken  from  Franklin's  house,  by 
Major  Andre,  and  thus,  indirectly,  of  its  restoration  to  this 
country,  for,  until  Earl  Grey  was  satisfied  that  the  portrait 
he  had  was  the  one  taken  from  Franklin's  house,  there  was 
no  good  reason  he  should  part  with  it  The  "  documentary 
evidence"  that  Earl  Grey  "was  so  anxious  to  obtain"  is 
contained  in  the  following  paragraph  in  my  article  (p.  264). 

"  Edward  Duffield,  one  of  Franklin's  executors,  had  a  portrait  that 
was  'supposed  to  have  been  done  by  West',  but  clearly  could  not  have 
been  unless  he  copied  it  It  now  belongs  to  one  of  Franklin's  deAcend- 
antSy  Dr.  Thomas  Hewson  Bache,  of  Philadelphia,  and  from  its  rigidity 
and  hardness  would  seem  without  doubt  to  be  a  not  very  faithful  copy 
of  the  portrait  painted  by  Benjamin  Wilson,  which  is  now  known  only 
through  McArdell's  meziotinto,  published  in  1761,  and  not  reproduced 
here,  because  so  similar  to  the  Pratt  portrait  of  about  the  same  era. 

"  Wilson's  picture  is  doubtless  the  one  Franklin  refers  to  in  writing 
to  his  wife  from  London,  June,  1758 :  *  I  fancy  I  see  more  likeness 
in  her  [their  daughter's]  picture  than  I  did  at  first  Yours  is  at  the 
painter's,  who  is  to  copy  and  do  me  of  the  same  size.'  This  match  por- 
trait of  Franklin  was  carried  off  from  his  house,  in  Philadelphia,  when 
the  British  occupied  the  city,  and  Major  Andr6,  who  lived  in  Franklin's 
house,  has  the  odium  of  the  pillage.  Relative  to  this  circumstance, 
Franklin  writes  from  Philadelphia,  October  28,  1788,  to  Madame  La- 
voisier, an  accomplished  amateur,  the  wife  of  the  great  chemist,  and  after- 
wards of  the  American,  Count  Bumford :  '  I  have  a  long  time  been 
disabled  from  writing  to  my  dear  friend  by  a  severe  fit  of  the  gout,  or  I 
should  sooner  have  returned  my  thanks  for  her  very  kind  present  of  the 
portrait  which  she  has  done  me  the  honor  to  make  of  me.  It  is  allowed 
by  those  who  have  seen  it  to  have  great  merit  as  a  picture  in  every 
respect ;  but  what  paticularly  endears  it  to  me  is  the  hand  that  drew  it 
Our  English  enemies,  when  they  were  in  possession  of  this  city  and  my 
house,  made  a  prisoner  of  my  portrait  and  carried  it  off  with  them,  leav- 
ing that  of  its  companion,  my  wife,  by  itself,  a  kind  of  widow.  You 
have  repUced  the  husband,  and  the  lady  seems  to  smile  as  well  pleased.'  *' 

The  restored  portrait  is  on  canvas,  24x30,  and  has 
recently  been  cleaned.  It  is  well  drawn,  solidly  modelled 
and  full  of  expression  that  shows  it  clearly  to  have  been 


The  WUson  Portrait  of  Franklin.  413 

painted  from  life  and  is  plainly  signed,  in  the  lower  right 
comer,  «  B.  WILSON  1759  ".  This  signature  confirms  the 
two  opinions  expressed  by  me  when  I  said  the  WUson  paint- 
ing was  without  dx>ubt  the  one  Andri  has  the  odium  of  having 
carried  off,  and  that  the  portrait  that  had  belonged  to  Edward 
Duffield,  "  supposed  to  have  been  done  by  West,"  is  a  copy 
of  the  Wilson  portrait^  whether  by  West  or  by  some  other 
painter;  and  Earl  Qrey's  picture  shows  it  plainly  to  be  a 
copy,  and  not  a  very  good  one  either,  of  the  Wilson  paint- 
ing. This  is  the  portrait  of  Franklin  also  that  has  done 
duty  for  Roger  Williams  of  whom  there  is  no  authentic 
likeness. 

Benjamin  Wilson  (1781-1788)  was  one  of  the  lesser 
prominent  portrait  painters  of  the  eighteenth  century.  He 
introduced  more  light  and  shade  into  his  pictures  than  had 
before  been  common  and  his  heads  have  more  warmth  of 
color  and  a  greater  nearness  to  nature  than  those  painted 
by  most  of  his  contemporaries.  Upon  returning  from  a  two 
year's  residence  in  Dublin,  in  1760,  he  occupied  the  house  in 
Great  Queen's  Street,  Lincoln  Inn  Fields,  that  had  been  the 
home  of  Sir  Godfrey  Kueller,  and  soon  was  making  a  con- 
siderable income  at  his  profession.  Always  a  student  of 
electricity  he  published  a  number  of  works  upon  the  subject 
and  invented  and  exhibited  a  large  electrical  apparatus 
which  won  for  him,  in  1761,  election  to  fellowship  in  the 
Royal  Society,  which  society,  nine  years  later,  awarded  to 
him  its  gold  medal.  He  had  a  long  controversy  with 
Franklin  as  to  whether  lightning  conductors  should  be 
round  or  pointed  at  the  top  and  was  supported  in  his  view 
by  George  HI,  who  declared  his  experiments  were  suflicient 
to  convince  the  old  apple  women  in  Covent  Garden. 
Wilson  was  also  an  etcher  of  much  ability  and  in  1766,  at 
the  time  of  the  repeal  of  the  Stamp  Act,  etched  the  famous 
caricature  called  "  The  Repeal  of  Miss  Amer-Stamp."     It 

^  A  reproduction  of  the  Daffield  picture  can  be  found  for  compari- 
son in  the  illustrated  edition  of  Parkman's  Montcalm  and  Wolfe. 
Boston,  1899.  Vol.  I,  p.  484. 


414  The  Wilson  Portrait  of  Franklin. 

was  sold  at  a  shilling  and  was  so  popular  that  it  brought 
him  £100  in  four  days.  On  the  fifth  day  it  was  pirated 
and  two  inferior  versions  produced  at  six  pence.  From  his 
scientific  attainments  and  political  attachments  it  can  readily 
be  understood  that  the  painting  of  a  portrait  of  Benjamin 
Franklin  was  no  perfunctory  work  but  a  labor  of  love  ot 
particular  interest  to  both  painter  and  sitter.  That  this 
portrait  of  1759,  restored  by  Earl  Qrey  is  not  the  only 
portrait  of  Franklin  painted  by  Wilson,  is  made  very  clear 
by  Franklin's  letters  to  Mrs.  Franklin  of  August  14,  1771, 
and  to  Dr.  Thomas  Bond  of  February  5,  1772.  He  writes 
to  his  wife  "  I  am  glad  to  hear  .  .  .  that  the  pictures  were 
safe  arrived  .  .  .  Let  me  know  whether  Dr.  Bond  likes 
the  new  one,  if  so  the  old  one  is  to  be  returned  hither  to 
Mr.  Wilson,  the  Pmnter".  And  to  Doctor  Bond  he  writes 
"  When  I  was  last  at  your  house  *  I  observed  that  the  Paint 
of  the  Picture  you  had  was  all  cracked.  I  complain'd  of  it 
to  the  Painter.  He  acknowledged  that  in  that  Picture  and 
three  others  he  had  made  Trial  of  a  new  Varnish  which 
had  been  attended  with  this  mischievous  effect  and  offer'd 
to  make  amends  if  I  would  sit  to  him  agiun  by  drawing  a 
new  Picture  gratis,  only  on  this  condition  that  the  old  one 
should  be  return'd  to  him.  I  wrote  this  to  Mrs.  Franklin 
who  should  have  acquainted  you  with  it,  but  I  suppose 
forgot  it.  He  was  five  or  six  years  finishing  it,  having 
much  other  business.  If  therefore  you  like  the  new  one 
best,  please  to  put  the  old  one  in  a  box  and  send  it  by  the 
next  Ship  hither,  as  the  Painter  expects  to  have  one  or  the 
other  returned."  Whether  Doctor  Bond  kept  the  old  or 
the  new  portrait  we  do  not  know,  but  we  do  know,  from 
the  letters  above,  quoted  from  the  originals  in  the  American 
Philosophical  Society,  that  Wilson  painted  a  second  por- 
trait of  Franklin  between  1765  and  1771,  and  how  interest- 
ing it  would  be  to  know  where  it  is.     May  we  not  hope 

^  This  must  have  been  between  November  1762  and  November  1764, 
when  Franklin  was  in  Pliiladelphia,  between  his  second  and  third  visits 
to  England. 


The  Wilson  Portrait  of  Franklin.  415 

that  Earl  Grey's  gracious  act  and  example  in  restoring  the 
first  Wilson  picture  may  lead  to  the  recovery  of  this  second 
Wilson  portrait  of  Benjamin  Franklin. 

Heretofore  the  Wilson  portrait  of  Franklin  has  been 
known  only  by  the  mezzotint  of  it  by  James  McArdell, 
published  in  1761,  and  although  he  is  one  of  the  foremost 
of  British  mezzotint  scrapers,  the  recovered  painting  shows 
that  he  took  great  liberties  with  the  painting  in  reproducing 
it.  He  not  only  made  it  a  three-quarter  length,  standing 
by  a  table  with  a  book  in  one  hand  while  with  the  other  he 
points  to  the  streak  of  lightning,  but  he  changed  the 
expression  of  the  face  arid  expanded  the  already  too  bulky 
wig,  so  that  this  timely  gift  of  the  distinguished  Governor 
General  of  Canada,  gives  us  a  new  portrait  of  him  of  whom 
Turgot  wrote,  He  snatched  the  thunderbolt  from  Heaven  and 
the  sceptre  from  Tyrants.  The  future  home  of  this  valuable 
portrait  is  to  be  the  White  House,  at  Washington,  accord- 
ing to  Earl  Grey's  letter  of  restoration  to  the  President. 

GOYKRMMXNT  HOUU,  OTTAWA,  Feb.  8,  1906 

My  dear  Mr.  President ; — 

The  fortane  of  war  and  the  accident  of  inheritance  have  made  me 
the  owner  of  the  portrait  of  Franklin  which  Major  Andr^  took  oat  of 
his  honse  in  Philadelphia  and  gave  to  his  friend  and  commanding 
officer,  my  great-grand&ther  General  Sir  Charles  Qrey.  This  portrait 
which  Franklin  stated  was  '*  Allowed  by  those  who  have  seen  it  to  have 
great  merit  as  a  picture  in  every  respect "  ^  has  for  over  a  century  occu- 
pied the  chief  place  of  honor  on  the  walls  of  my  Northumbrian  home. 

Mr.  Choate  has .  suggested  to  me  that  the  approaching  Franklin 
bi-centennary  celebration  at  Philadelphia,  on  the  20th  of  April  pro- 
vides a  fitting  opportunity  for  restoring  to  the  American  people  a 
picture  which  they  will  be  glad  to  recover.  I  inllingly  fall  in  with  his 
suggestion.  In  a  letter  from  Franklin  dated  Oct  23,  1788,  to  Madame 
Lavoisier  he  says ; — '*  Our  English  enemies  when  they  were  in  possession 
of  this  city  and  my  house  made  a  prisoner  of  my  portrait  and  carried  it 


^  It  is  curious  that  Earl  Grey  should  have  made  such  a  mistake  as  to 
apply  this  statement  by  Franklin  to  the  restored  Wilson  picture  when 
it  was  written  by  Franklin  to  Madame  Lavoisier  in  regard  to  the  portrait 
of  him  she  had  painted  and  not  in  reference  to  the  portrait  carried  off  by 
Andr^.    Vide  extract  from  letter  supra,  which  Earl  Qrey  quotes. 


416  The  Wilson  PaHrait  of  Franklin. 

off  inth  them ''.  As  your  Elnglish  friend  I  desire  to  g^ye  my  prisoner, 
after  the  lapse  of  130  years,  his  liberty,  and  shall  be  obliged  if  you  will 
name  the  officer  into  whose  custody  you  wish  me  to  deliver  him.  If 
agreeable  to  you  I  should  be  much  pleased  if  he  should  find  a  final 
resting  place  in  the  White  House,  but  I  leave  the  decision  of  this 
matter  entirely  to  you. 

I  remain,  dear  Mr.  President,  vrith  great  respect, 

and  in  all  Mendship,  yours  truly 

Grey. 
P.  S.    I  should  like  the  announcement  of  my  restoration  of  the 
Franklin  portrait  to  the  American  people  to  be  made  by  Mr.  Choate  at 
Philadelphia,  on  April  20th. 

Upon  the  order  of  Mr.  Ohoate,  the  well-known  Ameri- 
can artist,  William  M.  Chase,  made  a  copy  of  the  Wilson 
portrait  of  Franklin  for  presentation  to  Earl  Grey,  that  it 
may  hang  on  the  wall  in  Howick  House  where  the  original 
hung  for  so  many  years. 


Journal  of  Isaac  Zane  to  Wyoming.  417 


JOURNAL  OP  ISAAC  ZANE  TO  WYOMING,  1768. 

BT  JOSEPH  H.   OOATES. 

[In  the  spring  of  1758,  TeedTuscung,  the  Delaware  King,  and  his  fol- 
lowers, removed  to  Wyoming,  where  agreeably  to  his  request  and  the 
conditions  of  a  treaty  with  Gk>yemor  William  Denny,  a  town  was  built 
for  them  on  the  east  side  of  the  Susquehanna,  marked  on  early  maps  of 
the  Province  as  "  Teedyuscung's  Town."  Here  he  resided  until  he  was 
burned  to  death  while  asleep  in  his  cabin  in  the  night  of  April  19,  1768, 
it  is  believed  at  the  instigation  of  the  Iroquois.  John  Hughes,  who 
was  appointed  by  the  Governor  to  superintend  the  building  of  the  town, 
set  out  for  Wyoming  May  12,  frith  between  fifty  and  sixty  carpenters, 
masons  and  laborers,  where  they  arrived  one  week  later.  The  work 
progressed  until  the  27th  when  one  of  the  masons  was  killed  and  scalped 
by  a  party  of  *'  Enemy  Indians,'*  then  much  uneasiness  followed  among 
the  workmen,  but  by  June  2,  ten  houses  mostly  20x16,  and  one  24x16 
of  squared  logs  and  dovetailed  were  erected,  some  ground  plowed, 
and  rails  split  to  fence  in  the  town.  Hughes  returned  to  Philadelphia 
June  5. 

At  a  meeting  of  Trustees  and  Treasurer  of  the  Friendly  Association 
at  Israel  Pemberton's  the  20th  of  Fifth  Month  1758. 

*  *  *  <<  The  Gk>Temor  having  lately  given  a  Commission  to  John 
Hughes  and  others  to  hire  workmen  A  go  up  to  Wyoming  A  assist  the 
Indians  in  building  a  town  A  making  a  settlement  there,  A  opening  a 
waggon  road  to  it,  in  pursuance  of  which  John  Hughes  sett  out  a  few 
days  since  frith  a  number  of  workmen,  and  we  being  now  informed  that 
a  considerable  number  of  Indians  joined  them  at  Bethlehem,  and  went 
forward  firom  thence  on  Third  day  the  16th  instant,  so  that  there*s  a 
prospect  of  this  necessary  work  at  last  being  performed,  on  consideration 
of  which  the  same  motives  which  have  heretofore  induced  us  to  engage 
in  a  desirable  work  of  restoring  Peace,  still  prevailing,  and  Isaac  Zane 
of  whose  hearty  and  constant  endeavors  therein  we  have  had  abundant 
experience,  now  informed  us  that  John  Hughes  had  signified  to  Friends 
that  he  should  be  glad  of  his  assistance  and  company,  but  that  a  state  of 
health  would  not  then  permit,  but  he  being  now  *  *  *  Wyoming 
and  assist  the  Provincial  Oommissioners  in  the  buildings,  and  making 
the  settlement  proposed,  it  is  unanimously  agreed  that  out  of  the  ftmd 
of  our  Ass*n  he  shall  be  paid  to  his  satisfsustion  for  such  services,  and 
that  he  be  authorized  to  take  frith  him  some  carpenters  and  bricklayers 
VOL.  XXX. — ^27 


418  Journal  of  Isaac  Zane  to  Wyoming. 

and  an  interpreter  and  such  other  aflsistantB  as  he  may  think  necessary, 
and  on  his  arrival  at  Wyoming  he  is  desired  to  offer  his  service  to  assist 
the  Provincial  Commissioners  in  the  work,  and  if  it  should  appear  to 
him  that  anything  more  is  necessary  than  they  are  willing  to  gett  at  ye 
Puhlic  Expense,  either  in  building  the  houses,  opening  the  road,  or 
otherwise,  in  that  Case  he  is  authorized  to  engage  workmen  and  gett  all 
such  necessary  matters  accomplished,  for  all  which  it  is  agreed  he  shall 
be  paid  out  of  the  stock  under  our  care,  and  for  his  present  supply  an 
order  was  drawn  on  the  Treasurer  for  the  sum  of  One  hundred  Pounds 
and  signed  by  all  of  the  Trustees  present,  and  Israel  &  James  Pember- 
ton,  Jorem  Warder  &  James  Shoemaker  are  desired  to  assist  him  in  pro- 
curing horses  and  what  else  may  be  necessary  towards  fitting  himself 
and  those  who  go  with  him  for  the  journey.'* 

The  Journal  of  Zane  is  written  in  a  parchment  covered  book,  but  the 
concluding  pages  are  missing.] 

On  the  2l8t  of  the  5th  mo.  1758  I  set  out  to  go  to 
Wjomink  to  aasist  in  makeing  ye  Indian  Settelment  there, 
and  there  was  with  me  Nethanial  Gofortb,  Nathan  Zane, 
Joshu  Yarnal  &  2  of  my  prentises  and  a  bought  servant  yt 
understood  ye  Mohock  tunge, — and  lodged  that  night  at 
Ben  Davises.^ 

S£nd — ^We  went  to  tohickon  Creeke  the  waters  being  so 
high  that  we  were  forst  to  stay  at  Saml  Deans  till  next 
Day. 

<gSd — We  set  off  with  the  wagen,  the  water  being  fain, 
and  got  to  Bethleham  (it  being  about  18  mils)  about  |  past 
9  a  clock,  and  ye  wagin  of  provition  and  goods  came  up 
about  2  a  clock  and  went  forward,  but  N.  G.  &  I  stayd  to 
git  som  Indians  to  go  wt  us.  We  aplyd  to  Span^ngburge,* 
the  cheef  man  among  ye  Moravians,  for  gides,  he  recom- 
mended frederick  post,'  a  Dutch  man,  who  he  sayd  had 

^Ben  Davis's  inn  on  the  road  to  Bethlehem,  four  miles  north  of 
Whitemanh  church. 

'  Bishop  A.  Q.  Spangenberg. 

'Christian  Frederick  Post,  the  well  known  Moravian  missionary 
among  the  Indians.  His  first  wife  was  Bachael,  a  Wampanoag,  bap- 
tized in  1743,  died  1747,  his  second,  Agnes,  a  Delaware,  baptized  in 
1749,  died  1761.     Her  sister  waa  the  wife  of  Teedyuscung's  oldest  son* 


Journal  of  Isaac  Zane  to  Wyoming.  419 

had  2  Indian  Wives,  but  he  wa«  gon  to  fort  Allin  *  to  git 
loogs,  he  also  sent  a  man  to  Nazarath  to  git  Nicodemafi  A 
his  son  Zacarias^for  whom  we  weaghted  till  night  and  then 
the  mesenger  brought  word  yt  one  was  lame  &  the  other 
had  a  sick  child  and  yt  they  were  that  Day  com  there  to 
plant  &  so  could  not  go  with  us — by  this  time  night  came 
on  &  we  still  without  gides. 

i84^h — ^We  went  early  from  John  Jones  *  our  last  nights 
quarters  to  try  if  Indian  Zaheous  *  would  go.  his  wife  being 
big  with  child  was  not  willing  to  part  with  him,  but  she  at 
last  agreed  to  let  him  go  if  I  would  give  her  some  necessays 
and  then  he  might  stay  afi  long  as  he  pleased,  as  soon  as 
we  had  agreed  with  him,  2  more  Indians  Came,  one  they 
cald  Qeore  who  cold  speake  English  well  But  the  other  who 
they  cald  David  none.  David  agred  to  go  redily,  but  georg 
was  not  willing  till  after  a  while  Indian  Jonathan  came  and 
redily  asented  to  go.  George  seeing  that,  sayd  well  if  Jona- 
than will  go  I  will  go  too.  So  we  now  had  4  pilots  and  set 
off  from  Bethleham  about  10  a  Clock  &  John  Jones  with 
OS.  on  our  way  to  Fort  Allin  we  met  an  old  Indian  man 
ft  his  wife  going  to  Bethleham  to  sell  bever  furr.  we  askt 
them  if  they  had  heard  any  newes  he  sayd  he  had  been  8 
monthes  from  home  a  hunting  &  could  tell  but  lide  what 
past  at  home,  we  got  to  Fort  Allin  before  night  and  we 
were  Exceeding  kindly  treated  there  by  ye  Ensine,  he  being 
the  Cheaf  Command  (ye  Captun  being  gon  to  Ohio). 

^Fort  Allen,  built  by  Franklin  in  January  of  1756,  stood  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Lehigh  river,  nearly  opposite  the  mouth  of  Mahoning 
creek,  where  Weiasport  was  commenced  in  1785.  The  well  of  the  fort 
is  still  in  &ir  repair. 

'Nioodemus  and  Zacharias,  Delawares,  were  Moravian  converts. 
The  latter  was  frequently  employed  as  a  guide  and  runner  by  the 
Province. 

'John  Jones,  bom  1714,  in  Upper  Merion,  Philadelphia  county, in 
1751  purchased  500  acres  of  land  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Lehigh 
adjoining  the  Moravian  tract  on  the  east     He  died  in  1781. 

4  Zacheous,  and  the  other  Indians  mentioned  in  the  first  part  of  the 
Journal  were  Delawares  and  Moravian  converts. 


420  Journal  of  Isaac  Zane  to  Wyoming. 

96th. — While  the  horses  was  giting  over  I  writ  home  k 
then  prepard  to  go  forward.  But  in  ye  swiming  the  horses 
my  lad  Bolding  was  Drawn  over  bord  by  the  horse  But  wt 
dificalty  got  safe  to  land,  here  we  found  Frederick  Post 
who  redily  agred  to  go  wt  us.  we  packed  up  our  goods  as 
well  as  we  could,  every  one  taking  a  share,  the  Indians  and 
all,  and  along  we  went  in  good  heart  and  in  about  an  hoar 
it  began  to  rain  abundantly,  the  wehter  being  hot  we 
Dedind  puting  on  Clothes  to  keep  us  Dry.  but  submited  to 
be  as  weet  as  the  ndne  woulde  make  us  ft  so  kept  on 
our  way  and  near  night  we  arived  at  a  wigwam  wt  2 
Squawes  one  of  which  was  the  wife  of  G^rge,  one  of  our 
^des.  when  he  came  within  call  he  gave  a  hollow  (which 
is  usal)  yt  they  might  not  be  afrited.  here  we  tuck  up  our 
lod^ng  in  a  great  vale  by  a  rapid  water  cald  [torn]  and 
Dryd  our  Clothes  a  litle  and  slept  well  that  night 

S6tK — We  after  a  good  nights  Best  arose  Early  getherd 
our  thing  to  gether  went  forward  over  great  hills  &  Dales 
ft  large  streems  of  water  &  vew'  the  theikis  of  real  pine 
Swamps,  the  qurios  pine  for  Masts  I  have  not  before  seen 
the  Like,  for  higth  Bigness  ft  streatness.  that  altho  I 
thoug  the  land  was  not  worth  4d  a  Hundred  acres  yet  if  the 
lumber  was  near  navagable  water  so  yt  it  Might  be  Bedily 
transported  it  would  be  worth  after  ye  rate  of  £800  an  acre 
but  as  it  is  good  for  nothing.  But  most  of  ye  land  is  a 
poor  Sovana  which  the  Indians  bum  once  in  8  or  4  years 
and  kills  such  scrub  wood  as  grow  on  it  Except  in  som 
very  stony  or  very  wet  land  and  for  many  miles  going  I  did 
not  see  a  hand  ftiU  of  grass  growing  but  there  is  sundry 
sorts  of  plants  of  Evergreens,  somthing  like  ground  Ive.  I 
think  for  a  Day  to  gether  we  saw  no  living  animal  save  such 
we  brought  with  us.  (a)  at  night  we  lodged  in  a  pine 
swamp  and  as  we  lay  in  bed  had  the  pleasure  of  observ- 
ing the  Motions  of  ye  Starrs  ft  I  was  redy  to  think  yt  those 
yt  Discovered  the  Corses  of  the  planits  had  the  advantag  of 
this  sort  of  lodging. 

S7th. — ^We  got  out  of   our  beds  soon  and  the  Indians 


Journal  of  Isaac  Zane  to  Wyoming.  421 

afiisted  to  git  our  horses  as  they  Did  yesterday  morning,  for 
if  they  had  not  it  would  a  been  Deficalt  to  a  got  em.  we 
got  along  this  Day  to  the  foot  of  the  last  mountun  where 
there  was  a  number  of  Indian  stayd  by  reason  of  a  woman 
being  sick,  and  afi  it  grew  Dark  there  Come  home  8  young 
men  who  had  been  a  hunting  ft  they  brough  Each  of  them 
a  Dear  with  em  &  they  gave  us  2  quarters  of  venson — ^here 
we  got  good  pasture  for  our  horses  ft  rested  well  our  selves. 

S8th. — it  being  ye  first  Day  of  ye  week  we  set  forward  ft 
past  over  the  mountain  and  came  to  a  fertile  sile  ft  to  rich 
pleans.  and  about  11  a  Clock  came  to  ye  town  where  John 
Hues  [Hughes]  told  me  one  of  there  men  was  kild  and 
scalped  by  enemy  Indians,  which  flung  the  workmen  in 
great  disorder  and  that  they  Indians  and  all  had  Determined 
to  go  home  next  Day,  but  Titeusquand  [Teedyuscung]  who 
I  was  told  had  been  weaping  for  his  sad  Disaster  in  the 
Death  of  J.  Croker,  cheard  up  his  Countanance  ft  came  to 
me  ft  bid  me  wellcom  and  was  glad  to  see  me  to.  before  I 
came  IHteusquand  had  proposed  to  have  a  further  Confer- 
ance  what  was  best  to  be  done  in  the  present  Deficalte  ft  to 
see  whether  there  proposal  of  returning  home  the  next  Day 
was  right  or  no.  and  they  were  jost  going  to  meet  as  I 
came  But  seeing  they  Delayd  it  till  I  got  my  thing  setled 
and  now  my  coming  Seemed  to  put  some  spirit  in  the  In- 
dians, they  soone  prepared  for  the  Deliberation  afore  s'. 
and  accordingly  he  proseeded  and  sayd. 

Brothers,  Commishners  ft  friends  present  I  think  it  well 
to  let  you  know  ft  take  your  advise  in  what  I  am  about  to 
Do.  While  the  wound  that  I  just  now  rec'  is  fresh  for  I 
look  on  the  murder  of  this  man  Desind  a  stroke  against  me 
ft  not  the  English,  I  propose  to  send  to  the  Mohocks  (I  So- 
pose  he  ment  the  Six  Nations)  and  say  Uncles  you  told  me 
to  cum  ft  setle  in  this  place  ft  I  have  Done  as  you  directed, 
and  sat  Down  ft  gethered  a  few  sticks  together  ft  made  a  fire 
ft  got  my  friends  about  me  and  Now  I  am  strock  in  a  Crue 
manner. 

Uncles,  you  say  you  are  wise  and  know  a  great  Deal  ft 


422  Journal  of  Isaac  Zane  to  Wyoming. 

can  see  far.  Now  I  Desire  you  to  see  who  has  strock  me 
and  let  me  know.  I  have  sent  a  Club  that  I  was  struck 
with  for  you  to  look  at  &  see  if  you  know  whose  Cloob  it 
is.  (there  was  a  club  with  ye  letters  R.  J.  neetly  cut  in  it 
Ukele  french  work)  and  the  scalping  knife  left.  Titeusquand 
sending  these  three  men  wt  this  messauge  lookt  to  me  as 
tho  he  thought  the  Enemyes  now  near  the  frontears  and 
that  did  this  mischief  at  waomink  must  needs  a  been  by  the 
aprobation  of  som  of  the  6  Nations.  John  Hues  told  him 
yt  if  they  would  stay  there  he  would  yet  Do  ye  houses  but 
if  not  he  would  not. 

After  this  a  litle  Titeusquand  told  us  he  had  consulted 
his  people  whether  to  go  back  among  the  English  or  stay, 
here,  and  they  had  Determined  to  stay,  for  that  he  beleaved 
the  man  was  kild  in  order  to  make  him  run  away  that  they 
might  laugh  at  him  and  say  ah  see  Titeusquand  is  still 
without  a  home  se  what  is  becom  of  the  thing  he  so  mutch 
talked  of. 

In  the  dusk  of  ye  Euaning  I  aquinted  the  king  yt  his  Ifr* 
had  sent  som  good  tobacco  to  smoke,  he  cald  his  right 
hand  men,  went  to  the  End  of  the  East  plean ;  we  seated 
ourselves  lit  our  pipe  smok*  round  and  I  informed  them  the 
reason  of  my  Coming  and  intention  thereof.  They  exprest 
mutch  satisfaction  therewith  and  after  a  time  of  solid  Disl 
course  of  sundry  afairs  then  Depending  we  Broke  up,  and 
the  King  &  I  went  and  had  some  private  conversation  and 
I  abserveing  Indians  passing  too  &  frowe  thought  it  proper 
to  acquint  him  yt  his  friend  had  sent  some  things  to  him  to 
finable  him  to  Do  such  good  Deeds  and  servises  as  might 
be  found  proper,  and  that  no  time  should  be  lost  I  let  him 
know  he  might  have  such  things  as  I  had  there  when  he 
pleased. 

The  Commishiners  respectfully  urged  me  to  lodg  with 
them  which  I  accepted  of. 

^9th — ^We  set  to  work  at  Building  the  houses,  spliting  of 
reals,  makeing  of  plowes  &  rakes  &  other  thing  and  went 
on  well  this  Day  and  got  a  great  Deal  of  work  Done. 


Journal  of  Isaac  Zane  to  Wyoming.  423 

In  the  fore  part  of  ye  Day  I  presented  the  King  with  a 
Confirmation  of  My  being  there  by  the  aprobation  of  his 
fr*  ye  Quakers,  on  which  he  Immediately  cald  the  mesen- 
gers  proposed  to  be  sent  on  the  afore  s"*  messuage  to  the 
mohocks  and  gave  them  the  matter  he  proposed  to  be  sent 
in  charge. 

SOth. — ^We  kept  on  working  tho  a  reany  Day  and  in  the 
Euaning  there  come  Bill  Sock  an  old  Senace  &  another  who 
they  sayd  was  Bomd  at  Conestoga,  who  stay  in  there  cano 
till  Titeusquand  cald  them  a  shore,  when  Jno.  Hues  had  a 
litle  talk  with  them  but  I  did  not  hear  what  it  was,  after 
which  I  was  aprised  they  were  a  going  off.  I  followed  them 
and  askt  them  if  they  wanted  any  thing  or  whether  they 
would  eat  any  thing,  they  replyd  yers.  but  it  being  rany 
I  could  git  no  place  to  convers  with  im  so  I  tuck  them  into 
one  of  ye  Indians  apartments  but  they  did  not  like  one 
another,  besides  ye  white  people  were  for  crouding  to  hear 
what  past  so  that  we  could  not  have  any  Conversation  then, 
however  I  gave  them  a  good  piece  of  cheas  ft  went  to  try 
to  git  som  bread,  but  I  soon  found  the  white  people  were 
very  uneasy  at  there  being  there.  Especily  because  they 
now  talked  of  staying  all  night  &  it  was  suposed  I  was  the 
cause  of  it  at  which  I  grew  uneasy  &  forebore  to  convers 
with  them  a  while. 

Slst — These  3  Indians  having  stayd  all  night  and  Bill 
Sock  in  the  Dead  of  ye  night  came  to  one  of  the  watch  men 
and  askt  how  long  we  Intended  to  stay  there,  the  jelocy 
of  our  people  still  incress*.  I  now  resolved  to  converse 
freely  with  them,  accordingly  I  asked  ye  young  man  after 
several  persons  at  Tiaoga.  he  making  but  litle  reply  one 
of  the  other  Indians  yt  was  with  him  told  me  yt  he  knew 
nothing  of  such  persons  I  asked  after  for  he  was  bomd  at 
Canestoga  and  had  lived  there  all  his  Days,  yet  I  beleave 
he  had  murder  in  his  heairt,  which  afterwards  I  was  ftirther 
persweaded  of  from  an  account  of  a  Dutch  mans  being  kild 
near  to  Shamokin  &  scalped  and  that  it  was  very  like  one 
of  these  three  men  had  Done  it  &  it  has  since  lookt  to  me 


424  Journal  of  Isaac  Zane  to  Wyoming. 

jt  the  young  Indian  yt  was  pented  black  had  the  scalp  with 
him.  with  which  perhaps  he  expected  to  had  in  fever  with 
the  Sinaces  yt  is  in  the  Intres  of  the  french  where  he  was 
like  to  go.  these  Indians  as  I  stand  informed  have  Done 
great  hurt  to  the  English  and  continue  to  Bo. 

I  tuck  freedom  in  talking  with  these  3  Indians,  I  now 
having  receaved  an  opinion  yt  the  mingos  were  Dissatisfied 
with  the  building  on  this  land  for  the  Delawers  without 
having  the  consent  of  6  nation  Indians  to  whome  this  land 
belongs,  and  that  tho  they  had  permited  ye  Delawers  to 
live  there  yt  the  land  belongd  to  ye  mingos.  a  sertin  Senice 
Indian  told  me  the  land  yt  ye  Shawnes  lived  on  belongd  to 
the  6  nations  and  that  hey  had  only  lent  it  to  the  Shawnes, 
so  in  like  maner  yt  the  Delawares  only  have  posestion  on 
sufferance  but  no  title  to  it,  now  considering  the  matter 
might  be  very  hurtfiill  mad  me  the  more  free  with  them^  I 
told  them  the  Englis  was  Desirious  to  Do  all  the  Indians 
good  and  that  was  the  very  reason  yt  we  were  com  to  this 
place  to  asist  the  Indians  to  make  them  a  good  setlement 
for  we  mutch  Desired  to  see  them  Do  well,  but  if  anything 
yt  we  did  was  Displease  to  the  Indians,  ft  if  the  Lidians 
would  like  men  of  honer  tell  us  of  it  we  would  leave  off  for 
our  Intent  was  to  please  them  and  not  Displease  them,  and 
I  told  them  it  wafi  unmanly  to  hurt  any  body  without  first 
telling  what  they  Did  it  for.  for  the  Indians  to  com  and 
kill  and  run  away  like  wovels  or  Dogs  and  never  tell  us 
what  they  Did  it  for  as  som  had  Done  a  Day  or  2  a  go, 
who  killd  a  young  man  yt  came  here  to  Do  for  the  Indians 
and  carre  away  his  sculp  ft  clothes  was  a  very  great  Dis- 
gress  to  them  and  might  in  the  end  prove  a  ruin  to  the 
Indians  if  they  did  not  stop  in  time.  I  Desired  yt  ye 
Indians  would  beheave  like  men  and  if  any  thing  apeared 
to  them  to  be  rong  to  go  and  tell  ye  ofender  of  it 
with  this  Discorse  they  apeared  well  pleased  and  so  they 
went  away  about  10  a  clock  and  soon  after  shewed  us 
a  mark  of  friendship  which  was,  as  they  went  across 
the  River  about  6  miles  above  the  town  they  found  (as 


Journal  of  Isaac  Zane  to  Wyoming.  425 

afterwards  we  had  cause  to  beleave)  a  number  of  canews  and 
padles  a  lying  on  ye  shore  (which  beyound  Bought  a  large 
number  of  Enemys  had  brought  there  and  were  gon  to  Do 
hurt  at  ye  Menisink)  they  tuck  28  of  ye  padles  and  put 
them  in  a  bark  cano  ft  set  her  a  Drift  to  flote  Down  the 
streem  in  order  to  give  us  notis  there  was  Enemyes  near  us 
and  might  be  in  Danger  as  they  soposed.  When  this  cano 
with  padles  came  Down  and  our  people  sawe  the  number 
of  padles  were  mutch  surprised  but  nether  Indian  or  white 
man  Gould  unfold  the  story  or  resolve  on  the  meaning  ye 
looked  on  the  matter  as  somthing  of  a  very  Extrodinary 
meaning  after  a  considerable  time  spent  in  pondering  the 
Mistary  Titeusquand  advanced  in  an  heroick  manner  all- 
most  naked  only  a  mantle  about  him  and  a  belt  in  his  hand 
and  says  hear  brothers !  I'l  take  this  and  I  will  go  and  talk 
with  them  (for  he  thought  there  was  Enemys  a  coming) 
and  may  be  they  will  hear  me,  but  if  they  will  kill  me  and 
not  hear  me,  I  will  Dye;  he  cald  for  his  horse,  mounted 
and  away  he  went  and  2  Indians  run  afoot  with  him. 

Alitle  after  night  the  King  returned  wt  this  Interpeta- 
tion,  I  have  been  says  he  7  miles  up  the  river  where  I  have 
found  more  canos  ft  padles  which  was  brought  here  by 
french  Indians  who  have  been  and  stoal  horses  and  com 
back  and  are  gon  home;  for  the  tracks  on  the  shore  of 
these  yt  came  with  the  canos  are  old  and  a  most  worn 
out  but  the  horse  tracks  are  fresh  to  be  seen.  And  as  for 
the  canos  coming  Down  wt  padles,  these  men  yt  went  up 
today  put  the  padles  in  ye  cano  and  sent  her  wt  the  streem 
yt  we  might  see  how  matters  stood;  this  story  passefied 
som  but  many  were  in  great  fears  ft  many  of  the  men  did 
lide  but  keep  watch  or  gard.  and  many  of  the  company 
urged  mutch  to  go  home,  and  some  of  them  say  it  was 
madness  to  stay  there  to  expose  their  lives  to  so  great  Dan- 
ger when  at  the  same  time  might  live  at  home  in  Ease  ft 
plenty.  I  told  them  they  did  not  consider  the  thing  right 
for  the  poor  frontears  were  continually  in  as  mutch  Danger 
as  we  now  were,  and  it  would  be  well  for  them  to  consider 


426  Journal  of  Isaac  Zane  to  Wyoming. 

yt  they  did  not  live  above  80  to  40  miles  from  the  frontears 
and  if  these  Dwelt  between  you  &  ye  wilderness  should 
move  away  then  you  should  be  the  front  and  in  as  great 
Danger  as  you  are  now  and  should  it  not  be  as  mutch  your 
care  to  make  peace  as  those  yt  Dwel  on  ye  front  (tho  you 
live  a  few  miles  forther  in  the  setled  contry). 

Seeing  somany  of  the  men  so  bent  on  going  home  and 
backward  to  work  the  Comishiners  told  the  men  as  soon 
as  they  had  finished  10  houses  they  might  go  home,  after 
this  promis  it  was  hard  to  git  hands  to  Do  any  work  besides 
the  s*  houses.  So  that  we  could  git  no  plowing  Done  but 
what  was  done  by  J.  H.  H.  D.  &  J.  J.  and  worse  off  for 
horses  then  men  but  we  tuck  mine  tho  he  was  mutch  hurt 
ft  J.  J.  and  with  Deffitculty  got  ye  3rd  and  so  we  got  some 
land  plowed. 

6mo.  1. — A  task  being  given  the  were  prity  brisk  to  work 
at  the  houses  I  wt  som  Indians  £  Goforth  kept  clearing  a 
piece  of  land  at  the  East  End  of  the  town  for  a  gardin,  wt 
expectation  to  ^t  it  plowed,  (an  erasure  here)  but  could  git 
nether  men  nor  horses  to  Do  it.  here  came  an  old  Indian 
and  his  wife  and  stayd  a  Day  or  2.  I  went  and  spent  part 
of  an  euaning  in  talking  with  him  he  ether  could  or  would 
not  ^ve  any  Intelagence  of  the  Cituation  of  afairs  In  the 
Indian  Contry.  But  he  told  me  he  was  Bornd  In  the  Jer- 
sey and  could  remember  many  things,  amongst  the  rest 
he  teld  a  story  which  made  himself  k  the  other  Indians 
presant  laugh  very  heartily  (which  wase)  I  remember  says 
he  to  a  have  heard  the  old  men  tell  that  when  the  first  ship 
came  to  this  contry  when  the  Lidian  cheafe  saw  it  they  tuck 
it  to  be  a  god  that  was  com  to  visit  them  and  expecting 
som  benefits  by  this  visit  the  spread  there  matchcoats  k 
made  redy  to  pay  Divine  adoration  to  it.  by  this  relation 
it  apeared  the  antiant  Indians  were  in  the  custom  of  paying 
adoration  to  a  Devine  being. 


Servants  and  Apprentices  Bound  by  James  Hamilton.  427 


"ACCOUNT  OF  SERVANTS  BOUND  AND  ASSIGNED 
BEFORE  JAMES  HAMILTON,  MAYOR  OF  PHILA- 
DELPfflA.'' 

CONTRIBUTED  BY  GEOSGE  W.  NEIBLE,  CHESTER,  PENNA. 
(Continaed  from  page  852.) 

October  P,  174S. 

George  OKilP  assigned  Jioger  McDonnell^  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  in  Brig*  CUveland,  Wm.  Robinson,  master),  to 
William  Miller,  Chester  Co.,  to  serve  three  years  from  Oct. 
5,  1745.     Consideration  £11.5.,  with  customary  dues. 

John  Inglis  assigned  Agnes  Mdn^  (a  servant  from 
Scotland,  on  ship  Anne  Gkdley,  Capt  Houston)  to  William 
Miller,  Chester  Co.,  to  serve  five  years  from  Sept  20,  1745 
Consideration  £15.,  to  have  customary  dues. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  Thomas  Martin^  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  Snow  George,  Capt  Ambler)  to  Daniel  Griffith, 
Chester  Co.  Consideration  £16.  to  serve  four  years  from 
Sept.  22, 1745,  and  customary  dues. 

Edward  Dowers  assigns  William  Smithy  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  ship  Bolton,  Capt.  Edw.  Dowers),  to  William 
Sandwith,  of  Philadelphia^to  serve  four  years  from  Oct.  4, 
1745.     Consideration  £17,  and  have  customary  dues. 

Conyngham  &  Gardner  assigns  Catherine  McGinnis  (a 
servant  from  Ireland,  on  the  Snow  John,  Capt  Thos. 
Marshall),  to  John  Bell,  Chester  Co.,  for  three  years  and  a 
half  from  Sept  3, 1745.  Consideration  £12,  with  custom- 
ary dues. 

Edward  Dowers  assigns  Bryan  O^Hara^  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  ship  Bolton,  himself  master),  to  Robert  Christy, 
of  Phila.,  to  serve  four  years  from  Oct  4,  1745.  Consid- 
eration £18,  with  customary  dues. 

James  Simpky  late  of  the  County  of  Tyrone,  Ireland,  in 


428  Servants  and  Apprentices  Bound  by  James  Hamilton. 

consideratioii  of  his  passage  from  Ireland  to  Pennsjlvania, 
indents  himself  voluntarily  to  Edward  Dowers,  of  Phila., 
mariner,  as  a  servant  and  appointed  for  nine  years  from 
Oct.  4,  1745 ;  to  have  two  suits  of  apparel,  one  to  be  new 
at  the  end  of  the  term. 

Edward  Dowers  assigns  Thomas  Hethertortj  (a  servant 
from  Ireland,  on  ship  Bolton,  himself  master),  to  Samuel 
Ainsworth,  of  Lancaster  Co.,  for  four  years  from  Oct  4, 
1745.     Consideration  £16,  with  customary  dues. 

John  Erwin  assigns  WUUam  Holdercroftj  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  Snow  George,  Capt  Benj.  Burk),  to  Josiah 
Abbetson,  Gloucester  Co.,  W.  Jersey,  for  four  years,  from 
Oct  2,  1746.     Consideration  £16,  with  customary  dues. 

Edward  Dowers  assigns  James  SimpUy  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  ship  Bolton),  to  Isaac  Norris,  Esq.,  Phila.  Co., 
for  nine  years  from  Oct  4,  1746.  Consideration  £10,  to 
have  two  suits  of  apparel  at  end  of  term,  one  to  be  new. 

John  Murphy,  late  of  Eilldair,  Ireland,  in  consideration 
of  £16.  paid  by  Daniel  Heister,  of  Phila.  Co.,  to  Edward 
Dowers,  for  his  passage  from  Ireland,  and  in  ftirther  con- 
sideration of  being  taught  the  trade  of  a  Tanner  and  Cur 
rier,  binds  himself  a  servant  for  five  years,  from  Oct  4, 
1745.     To  have  two  suits  of  apparel,  one  to  be  new. 

October  11. 

Edward  Dowers  assigns  Domimck  MeaJth,  (a  servant  from 
Ireland  on  ship  Bolton),  to  Theophilus  Simontown,  of  Lan- 
caster Co.,  for  four  years,  from  Oct  4, 1746.  Consideration 
£15.  15,  with  customary  dues. 

WUUam,  Gardner  J  late  of  Antrim  Ireland,  in  considera- 
tion of  £11.9.  paid  William  Robinson  for  his  passage  to 
Penna.,  by  Robert  Shields,  of  Hunterdon  Co.,  West  Jersey, 
indents  himself  a  servant  of  said  Shields,  for  two  years, 
eight  mo.  and  two  weeks.  At  end  of  term  one  new  suit  of 
apparel. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  Thomas  Pritchit,  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  Snow  George)  to  John  Thomas,  of  Phila.  Co., 


Servants  and  Apprentices  Bound  by  James  Hamilton.  429 

for  foar  yeare,  from  Sept.  22, 1745.     Consideration  £18.10 
with  customary  dues. 

Edward  Dowers  assigns  John  Brimj  (a  servant  from 
Ireland  on  ship  Bolton),  to  Henry  Brooks,  Salem  Co.,  West 
Jersey,  for  four  years,  from  Oct.  4,  1745.  Consideration 
£17.,  customary  dues. 

October  IS. 

Edward  Dowers  assigns  IjaJtia  Morgan^  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  ship  Bolton),  to  David  Spear,  Bucks  Co.,  to 
serve  four  years,  from  Oct.  4,  1745.  Consideration  £16., 
with  customary  dues. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  John  Gannerj  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  Snow  George)  to  John  Boss,  of  Lancaster  Co., 
to  serve  four  years,  from  Sept  22,  1745.  Consideration 
£14.10,  with  customary  dues. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  John  Mahan,  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  Snow  George)  to  John  Ross,  of  Lancaster  Co., 
to  serve  four  years,  from  Sept  22,  1745.  Consideration 
£14.10,  with  customary  dues. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  Patrick  TunbridgCj  (a  servant 
from  Ireland,  on  Snow  George)  to  John  Ross,  of  Lancaster 
Co.,  to  serve  four  years,  from  Sept  22, 1745.  Consideration 
£16,  with  customary  dues. 

Robert  Blacky  (son  of  Elizabeth  Black,  widow)  an  in&nt 
of  seven  years  or  thereabouts,  by  and  with  the  consent  of 
his  mother,  (who  was  likewise  present  and  expressed  her 
consent)  in  consideration  of  his  being  educated  and  main- 
tained, and  his  being  taught  to  read  and  write,  binds  him- 
self a  servant  to  Andrew  Hodge,  of  Philadelphia  Co.,  baker, 
for  thirteen  years  and  five  months  from  this  date,  and  at 
expiration  of  term  to  have  one  suit  of  new  apparel  besides 
his  old  ones. 

Matthew  Gleave  assigns  John  Marlay^  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  the  Snow  George),  to  serve  four  years,  from 
Sept  22.     Consideration  £20,  with  customary  dues. 

Thomas  PagCj  late  of  Dublin,  in  consideration  of  £16. 
paid  by  John  Jones,  of  Whitemarsh,  for  his  passage  from 


430  Servants  and  Apprentices  Bound  by  James  Hamilton. 

Ireland  and  of  his  being  taught  the  trade  of  a  cooper, 
indents  himself  for  six  years,  eleven  months  and  twenty-two 
days,  from  this  date,  and  at  expiration  of  time  to  have  two 
suits  of  apparel,  one  of  which  is  to  be  new  and  forty 
shillings  in  money. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  Patrick  White^  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  the  snow  George),  to  Silas  Pawin,  of  Philada, 
for  four  years,  from  Sept.  22,  1746.  Consideration  £16, 
with  customary  dues. 

John  Erwin  assigns  Daniel  FearoUj  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  snow  George),  to  James  Downey,  of  Prince 
George  Co.,  Md.,  for  four  years,  from  Oct  2,  1746.  Con- 
sideration £16.10,  customary  dues. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  Bryan  Biely^  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  Snow  George),  to  George  Walker,  of  Chester 
Co.,  for  five  years.     Consideration  £16,  customary  dues. 

John  Erwin  assigns  Edward  McDonnell^  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  Snow  George),  to  John  Ross,  of  Lancaster  Co., 
to  serve  nine  years  from  Oct.  2,  1745.  Consideration  £16, 
to  have  customary  dues. 

John  Erwin  assigns  Hector  McLene^  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  snow  George),  to  John  Ross  of  Lancaster  Co., 
for  four  years,  from  Oct.  2.  1745.  Consideration  £18, 
customary  dues. 

October  H. 

John  Erwin  assigns  Patrick  Duffy^  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  Snow  George),  to  John  Allison,  of  Lancaster, 
for  four  years,  from  Oct  2  1745.  Consideration  £17.10., 
customary  dues. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  James  IMtLcj  (a  servant  from 
Ireland,  on  Snow  George),  to  James  Allison,  of  Lancaster 
Co.,  for  four  years  from  Sept  22,  1745.  Consideration 
£14,  usual  dues. 

Conyngham  &  Gardner  assigns  Barnard  Kerr^  (a  servant 
from  Ireland,  on  ship  Woodstock)  to  John  Katteringer,  for 
four  years  from  Sept  18  1745.  Consideration  £18. — 
customary  dues. 


Servants  and^Apprentices  Bound  by  James  Hamilton.  431 

James  Mahatkj  from  Ireland,  in  ship  Bolton,  in  considera- 
tion of  £16.  paid  for  his  passage,  indents  himself  to  Ezekiel 
Forman  of  East  Jersey,  for  three  years  eleven  months  & 
twenty  days, — ^two  suits  of  apparel,  one  to  be  new,  and  forty 
shillings  proclamation  money. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  Patrick  Bryan  (a  servant  from 
Ireland  on  Snow  George)  to  Thomas  McKee  of  Lancaster 
Co.,  to  serve  five  years,  from  Sept  22nd  1746.  Consider- 
ation £15.,  customary  dues. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  Michael  Redmond  (a  servant  from 
Ireland  on  snow  George),  to  Thomas  McKee  of  Lancaster 
Co.,  to  serve  four  years,  from  Sept.  22d,  1746.  Consider- 
ation £16.,  customary  dues. 

Edward  Dowes  assigns  James  Dougharty  (a  servant  from 
Ireland  on  Ship  Bolton)  to  David  Lawrence  of  Chester  Co., 
to  serve  four  years  from  Oct.  4th,  1745.  Consideration 
£16.     Customary  dues. 

William  Robinson  assigns  Samuel  Davison  (a  servant  from 
Ireland  on  Brg*  Cleveland)  to  Samuel  Rowland  of  Sussex 
Co.,  to  serve  five  years  from  Oct  6th  1746.  Consideration 
£16.     Customary  dues. 

John  Gill  (late  servant  to  Morris  Morris  of  Phila., 
brewer;  in  consideration  of  £2  paid  by  Dr.  Cadwalader 
Evans  to  said  Morris  for  remainder  of  his  time)  indents 
himself  to  Dr.  Evans  for  two  years,  one  month  and  fourteen 
days  from  this  date,  to  have  one  new  suit  of  apparel. 

October  15th. 

Teddy  (yianshalin  (late  of  the  Kingdom  of  Ireland).  In 
consideration  of  £14  paid  by  Robert  Worrel  of  Phila.  to 
James  Moor  for  his  passage  and  in  ftirther  consideration  of 
his  being  taught  the  trade  of  a  shoemaker  indents  himself 
a  servant  to  the  s^d  Robert  Worrel  for  four  years  from  this 
date,  to  have  customary  dues. 

John  Allen  assigns  Hugh  Moore  (a  servant  from  Ireland 
in  the  Brig*  Carolina)  to  John  Johnson  of  Phila.  Tallow- 
chandler  to  serve  four  years  from  Oct  8rd  1745.  Consider- 
ation £18  10. — ^to  have  customary  dues. 


\ 


r 


f 


432  Servants  and  Apprentices  Bound  by  James  HamiUan. 

John  Allen  assigns  lUchard  Johnston  (a  servant  firom 
Ireland  in  the  Brig*  Carolina)  to  Hugh  Hodge  of  Phila. 
Tobacconist  to  serve  seven  years  from  Oct  8rd  1745.  Con- 
sideration £12 — to  have  customary  dues. 

John  Inglis  assigns  Hugh  McDonald  (a  servant  from  Scot- 
land in  the  ship  Anne  Gtdley)  to  Philip  White  of  Bucks  Co., 
to  serve  six  years  from  Sept.  20  1746.  Consideration  £18 
— ^to  have  customary  dues. 

John  Inglis  assigns  WUHam  Cock  (a  servant  from  Scotland 
in  the  ship  Anne  Gtelley)  to  William  Davis  of  Bucks  Co.,  to 
serve  four  years  from  Sept.  20th  1745.  consideration  £18 — 
to  have  customary  dues. 

EUzabeth  Shaw  (late  of  the  Kingdom  of  Ireland),  in  con- 
sideration of  ten  pounds,  eleven  shillings  and  nine  pence 
paid  by  Baptist  Clark  of  Lancaster  Co.  to  John  Erwin  for 
her  passage,  indents  herself  a  servant  to  Baptist  Clark  for 
three  years  and  three  months  from  this  date  to  have 
customary  dues. 

Charles  West  (late  of  the  Kingdom  of  Ireland),  in  consid- 
eration of  ten  pounds,  ten  shillings  paid  by  Mr.  McMeen  ot 
Lancaster  Co.  to  John  Erwin  for  his  passage,  indents  him- 
self a  servant  to  William  McMeen  for  three  years,  eleven 
months  and  nineteen  days  from  this  date.     Customary  dues. 

Mary  Hazkton  (late  of  the  Kingdom  of  Ireland)  in  con- 
sideration of  ten  pounds  ten  shillings  paid  by  William 
McMeen  of  Lancaster  Co.  to  John  Erwin  for  his  passage 
indents  himself  a  servant  to  William  McMeen  for  three 
years  eleven  months  and  nineteen  days  from  this  date ;  to 
have  customary  dues. 

Archibald  Armstrong  (late  of  the  Kingdom  of  Ireland)  in 
consideration  of  ten  pounds  ten  shillings  paid  by  William 
McMeen  of  Lancaster  Co.,  to  John  Erwin,  for  his  passage, 
indents  himself  a  servant  to  William  McMeen  for  three 
years  and  a  half  from  this  date ;  to  have  customary  dues. 

Jacob  Heasheyj  jun.,  in  consideration  of  twelve  pounds 
paid  by  Lawrence  Good  of  Bucks  Co.,  to  John  Markill,  for 
the  remainder  of  his  time,  by  and  with  the  consent  and 


Servants  and  Apprentices  Bound  by  James  Hamilton.  433 

approbation  of  his  father  Jacob  Heashey  who  was  present 
&  expressed  his  consent,  indents  himself  as  servant  to 
Lawrence  Qt>od  for  nine  years  and  three  months  from  this 
date,  to  have  at  the  expiration  of  his  time  one  complete 
suit  of  new  apparel  and  one  cow. 

Oct(J)er  16th. 

John  Inglis  assigns  Robert  Man  (a  servant  from  Scotland 
in  the  ship  Anne  Ghdley)  to  Mahlon  Elrkbride  to  serve  foar 
years  from  Sept.  20th  1745;  consideration  £14.  to  have 
customary  dues. 

James  Ghrdner^  late  of  Lancaster  Co.  in  consideration  ot 
£22.  paid  by  John  Howell  of  Phila.,  tanner,  for  his  use  and 
at  his  request,  indents  himself  a  servant  to  John  Howell  for 
three  years  from  this  date;  to  have  one  new  suit  of 
apparel. 

Bobert  Wakely  assigns  Daniel  ITcaulei/  (a  servant  from 
L*eland  in  the  Snow  George)  to  William  Branson  of  Phila. 
to  serve  four  years  from  Sept  22nd  1745;  consideration 
£15:10s ;  to  have  customary  dues. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  WilUam  Cosgrave  (a  servant 
from  Ireland  in  the  Snow  George)  to  William  Branson  to 
serve  four  years  from  Sept.  22nd  1745;  consideration 
£15:10/ — ^to  have  customary  dues. 

Bobert  Wakely  assigns  John  Grenan  (a  servant  from 
Lreland  in  the  snow  George)  to  William  Branson  of  Phila., 
to  serve  four  years  from  Sept.  22nd  1745  : — consideration 
£15:10/.  to  have  the  customary  dues. 

Bobert  Wakely  assigns  Dermis  Bryan  (a  servant  from 
Lreland  in  the  snow  George)  to  William  Branson  of  Phila, 
to  serve  four  years  from  Sept.  22nd  1746 ; — consideration 
£15:10/  and  to  have  the  customary  dues. 

Andrew  Frank,  late  of  Lancaster  Co.  Li  consideration 
of  £12.  paid  for  his  use  and  at  his  request,  by  Henry 
Bostler  of  Lancaster,  indents  himself  a  servant  to  Henry 
Bostier  for  two  years  from  this  date; — ^without  freedom 
dues. 

Hendriek  Decker,  in  consideration  of  8  pistoles  paid  by 
VOL.  XXX. — 28 


434  Servants  and  Apprentices  Bound  by  James  Hamilton. 

Joseph  Pennock  of  Chester  Co.,  for  his  passage  from 
Holland,  indents  himself  a  servant  to  Joseph  Pennock  for 
eight  years  from  this  date.     To  have  the  customary  dues. 

Mart/  Jones  (an  infant  of  one  year)  in  consideration  of 
her  maintenance  and  education  with  consent  and  approba- 
tion of  her  mother,  Jane  Jones,  binds  herself  a  servant  to 
John  Warmes  and  Mary  his  wife,  for  seventeen  years  from 
this  date ;  is  to  learn  to  read  and  have  the  customary  dues. 

a-iober  17th. 

Peter  Knepley  in  consideration  of  thirteen  pounds,  six 
shillings  and  six  pence,  paid  by  Caspar  Wistar  of  Phila.,  to 
Capt  John  Brecune  for  his  passage  from  England,  indents 
himself  a  servant  to  said  Wistar  for  six  years  from  this 
date.    To  have  customary  dues. 

Jacob  Becktelly  in  consideration  of  thirteen  pounds,  eight 
shillings,  paid  by  Caspar  Wistar  of  Phila.,  to  Capt.  John 
Brecune  for  his  passage  from  England,  indents  himself  a 
servant  to  Caspar  Wistar  for  four  years  from  this  date,  to 
have  customary  dues. 

Elisha  Boss,  assigns  Grizzil  AlcCala  for  the  remainder  of 
her  time,  five  years  from  last  June  22nd,  to  William  Wood 
of  Phila.  for  the  consideration  of  £10.  the  oaid  servant  to 
have  customary  dues. 

John  Erwin  assigns  Patrick  Monaghan  (a  servant  from 
Ireland  on  the  snow  George)  to  Andrew  Buchanan  of  Lan- 
caster Co.  for  four  years  from  Oct  2nd.  1746.  Considera- 
tion £27: — to  have  customary  dues. 

October  18th. 

Samuel  Howell  assigns  George  Gibson  to  John  Head  Jr., 
for  the  remainder  of  his  time  for  one  year  from  last  July 
15th.     Consideration  £12.  12.  6. 

James  McAlice  assigns  John  Roe  to  Dr.  Thomas  Graeme 
for  the  remainder  of  his  time  four  years  from  last  April 
28th.     Consideration  £18. 

Anne  Paterson^  in  consideration  of  £10. —  paid  by  John 
Hopkins  of  Phila.  for  her  passage  from  Ireland,  to  Samuel 


Servants  and  Apprentices  Bound  by  James  Hamilton.  435 

McCall  Jr.  indents  herself  a  servant  to  John  Hopkins  for 
five  years  from  this  date;  to  have  customary  dues. 

John  Freeman  y  by  the  consent  and  approbation  of  his 
mother  Anne  Marie  Freeman,  testified  by  her  signing  his 
Indenture,  indents  himself  as  apprentice  to  John  Moses 
Conty  for  eight  years  from  this  date,  is  to  be  taught  to  read 
and  write  the  German  language,  and  to  have  five  pounds 
at  the  expiration  of  his  time  instead  of  freedom  dues,  and 
tools  and  implements  befitting  a  journeyman  shoemaker. 

Henry  Miller  assigns  John  Michael  to  Thomas  Bond  of 
Phila.,  for  the  remainder  of  his  time  fourteen  years  from 
Nov.  19ih  1741.  Consideration  £16 — to  have  the  customary 
dues. 

Arthur  Burrows  assigns  Agnes  Leagen  (a  servant  from 
Ireland)  to  William  Murdoch  of  Phila.,  taylor — to  serve  five 
years  from  June  17th,  1745.  Consideration  £13: — to  have 
the  customary  dues. 

William  Hamilton  assigns  John  Gillaspy  (a  servant  from 
Ireland)  to  James  Baird,  of  Orange  Co.,  Virginia,  for  three 
years  and  a  half  from  Sept.  1st,  1746.  Consideration 
£11.10,  to  have  customary  dues. 

October  19th. 

Thomas  WilUmnson,  in  consideration  of  £19,  paid  by 
Robert  Fleming  of  Phila.  to  Capt.  John  Allen  for  his  passage 
from  Ireland,  and  his  being  taught  the  art  of  a  barber  and 
peruke  maker,  indents  himself  a  servant  to  Robert  Fleming 
for  four  years,  eleven  months  and  seventeen  days  from  this 
date.     Customary  dues. 

Jacob  Casdrop  and  John  Johnson,  overseers  of  the  poor 
for  the  Northern  Liberties  bind  Deborah  Dobson,  a  poor  child 
(2  yrs  and  9  months)  to  Frederick  Gyger  to  serve  him 
fifteen  years  and  three  months  from  this  date,  the  said  child 
to  be  taught  to  read  and  write  the  English  language,  and 
to  knit,  sew  and  spin,  and  at  the  end  of  her  time  to  have 
one  new  suit  of  apparel   besides   her  old  ones. 

Samuel  Mumma  assigns  Anne  Strawbridge  to  Benjamin 
Mason  of  Phila.  Co.,   for  the  remainder  of  her  time  three 


436  Servants  and  Apprentices  Bound  by  James  HamHtan. 

years  from  August  4th,   1746.     Consideration   £9,  10; — 
to  have  customary  dues. 

October  eist. 

William  Robinson  assigns  Bobert  McOrery  (a  servant  from 
Ireland  in  the  Brig  Cleveland)  to  Thomas  Broome  of  Phila. 
for  seven  years  from  Oct  5th,  1745.  Consideration  £16. 10; 
to  have  customary  dues. 

Bobert  Wakely  assigns  Saunders  Gampbdl  (a  servant  from 
Ireland  in  the  snow  G^rge)  to  Samuel  Birchfield  for  seven 
years  fr^m  Sept.  22d,  1745.  Consideration  £15: —  to  have 
the  customary  dues. 

October  e»nd. 

Bobert  Wakely  assigns  Paul  PhiUUps  (a  servant  Ireland 
in  the  snow  George)  to  Anthony  Morris  Jr.  for  four  years 
fix)m  Sept  22nd,  1745.  Consideration  £15.,  to  have  cus- 
tomary dues. 

John  GoUinSy  of  Phila.,  laborer,  in  consideration  of  £10.4 
by  him  due  and  owing  to  Daniel  Boyle  of  Phila.,  County 
yeoman,  indents  himself  a  servant  to  Daniel  Boyle  for  one 
year  and  a  half  from  this  date. 

Abram  Masorij  late  of  Kent  County,  on  Delaware,  indents 
himself  an  apprentice  to  Joseph  Jones  of  Phila.,  for  six 
years,  three  months  and  twenty-one  days,  from  October 
2l8t,  1745,  to  have  two  winters  schooling  at  a  boarding 
school  to  learn  to  write  and  cypher,  one  of  the  sidd  winter 
schooling  to  be  paid  for  by  Joseph  Jones,  the  other  by 
Joseph  Mason,  brother  to  Abram,  to  be  taught  the  art  or 
mystery  of  a  joiner  or  cabinet  maker  and  at  the  expiration 
of  the  said  time  to  have  two  suits  of  apparel,  one  of  which 
is  to  be  new. 

Robert  Wakely  assigns  Thomas  McGvire^  (a  servant  from 
Ireland  in  the  snow  George)  to  William  Caughdry  for  four 
years  from  Sept.  22nd,  1746.  Consideration  £16;  customary 
dues. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Marriages  From  Squire  Var^  Booskirk'a  Docket.    437 


MABBIAOES  FBOM  SQXnBB  VAN  BOOSKIBK'S 
DOCKET. 

OONTBIBX7TED  BT  MAHLON  VAN  BOOBKIBX,  ESQ. 

[Marriages  solemnized  by  Mahlon  van  Booskirk,  Esq., 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  Montgomery  County,  1812  to  1839, 
Mr.  Van  Booskirk  was  commissioned  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace  for  District  No.  9,  composed  of  the  Townships  of 
Moreland  and  Upper  Dublin,  Montgomery  County,  Pa.,  by 
Gov.  Simon  Bnyder,  6  May,  1811,  and  held  said  commis- 
sion until  his  death  in  1840.] 

13  January,  1812.  Isa/ie  Milner  of  Sadsbury  Township, 
Lancaster  County,  to  Sarah  BadeUff  of  Moreland  Town- 
ship, Montgomery  Counly. 

,  1812.    Joseph  Williams  to  Jianey  Simesan,  both 

of  Moreland  Township. 

8  April,  1818.  David  Terry  to  Sarah  Darren,  both  of 
Moreland  Township. 

2  December,  1813.  James  Hawkens  to  Susaruxh  McDowellj 
both  of  Moreland  Township. 

3  February,  1814.  Daniel  Walton  of  Horsham  Township 
to  Mizabeth  Walton  of  Moreland  Township. 

14  February,  1814.  John  Bower  of  Moreland  Township 
to  Mary  Huntsman  of  Plumsted  Township,  Bucks  County. 

7  April,  1814.  John  Lukens  Barnes  of  Upper  Dublin 
Township  to  Catherine  MeUn  of  Abington  Township. 


i    i 


f 


438    Marriages  From  Squire  Van  Booskirk^s  DockH. 

12  November,  1814.     Jacob  Brand  of  Moreland  Town- 
ahip  to  Margaret  Dole  of  Horsham  Township. 

24  November,  1814.      WHliam  Gray  to  Susanah  Fisher^ 

both  of  Moreland  Township. 

* 

81  December,  1814.     James  Austin  to  Caroline  Paid,  both 

of  Moreland  Township. 

* 

28  September,  1815.     Job  Slack  of  Milton  Township  to 

Bebecca  Searls  of  Bensalem  Township,  both  of  Bucks  Co. 

* 

7  October,  1815.     Job  Simpson  of  New  Britton  Town- 
ship to  Elizabeth  Rice  of  Warrington  Township,  both   of 

Bucks  Co. 

* 

26  November,  1816.     James   Virtue  to  Ann  Levingston^ 
both  of  Horsham  Township. 

* 

19  December,  1816.     Charles  Walton  to  Christiana  Land, 

both  of  Moreland  Township. 

* 

81  December,  1815.     James  Anderson  to  Rachel  (hner^ 
both  of  Moreland  Township.^ 

31  December,  1816.    Joseph  Freeman  of  Moreland  Town- 
ship, Montgomery  County  to  Rachel of  Moreland 

Twp.,  Philadelphia  County. 

.     James    Anderson   to   Rachel    Omer^ 

both  of  Upper  Dublin  Township.^ 

9  May,  1816.     Thomas  Peniiigton  to  Ann  Hooker^  both  of 
Horsham  Township. 

28  March,  1816.     John  Walker  of  Bucks  County  to  Ann 
Yame  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia. 


)  ^  Are  probably  the  same  marriage. 


Marriages  From  Squire  Van  Booskirk^s  Docket.  439 

9  May,  1816.     Alexander  Himmebieh  to  Elizabeth  Mtnorij 
both  of  Montgomery  County 

16  December,  1816.     Samuel  Boys  to  Ann  WaltoUy  both 
of  Moreland  Township. 

* 

29  December,  1816.     Jehu  Jones  to  Elizabeth  Chandler^ 
both  of  Moreland  Township. 

26  November,  1817.     Anu)s  Palmer  to  Silve  AkenSj  both 
of  Bucks  County. 

1  January,  1819.     Philip  Matty  to  Margaret  RichardSj 

both  of  Warminster,  Bucks  County. 

* 

27  May,  1819.     Cornelius  Coeds  to  Nancy  SulUvan^  both 
of  Hatborough. 

14  June,  1819.     John  Day  to  Ann  Walker j  both  of  More- 
land  Township. 

25    October,   1819.     John    Williams  to  Elizabeth  Mont- 
gomery y  both  of  Moreland  Township. 

* 

2  November,   1819.     Berry   Melony  to  Hannah  MUter, 

both  of  Moreland  Township. 

* 

18  December,  1819.     Joseph  Lawson  to  Jane   Whitehead^ 
both  of  Moreland  Township 

10  January,  1820.     Absalom  R.   Shaw  to   Sarah  Pratt^ 

both  of  Bucks  County. 

* 

14  January,  1820.     John  Morris  to  Charlotte  Fishery  both 
of  Moreland  Township. 

20  August,  1820.     Joseph  Collins  to  Hannah  Groodwiny 
both  of  Moreland  Township. 


440    Marriages  From  Squire  Van  Booakirk's  Docket. 

30  November,  1820.    John  Sogers  to  Abigal    TomUnson^ 
both  of  Hatborough. 

2  December,  1820.     John  Chester  of  HorBhran  Township 
to  Jane  Derry  of  Warrington  Bucks  Co. 

6  January,  1821.     Benjamin  Jams  of  Montgomery  Town- 
ship to  Martha  Tyson  of  Upper  Dublin  Township. 

116  February,  1821.     John  Hanbeard  to  Ann  WaltoHy  both 
of  Hatborough. 

8  April,  1821.     John  Harrop  of  Moreland  Township  to 
Eliza  ThomaSj  same  place. 

29  August,  1821.    John  Meloy  of  Moreland  to  Ghmer 

Sines  of  the  same  place. 

* 

29  November,  1821.     Peter    Tyson  to  Sarah  FUzwaUry 
both  of  Upper  Dublin  Township. 

26  December,  1821.    John  Wilson  of  Horsham  Township 
to  Jane  Johnson  of  Warwick  Township  Bucks  Co. 

! 

'  24  January,  1822.    Mathew  HallowM  of  Abington  Town- 

I  ship  to  Ann  Omrad  of  Horsham  Township. 

♦ 

14  February,   1822.     Oeorge  H.   Pawling  of  Horsham 

Towhship  to  Kesiah  Hawkins  of  Moreland  Township. 

^  * 

j  14  March,   1822,    WiUiam    Wallace  to   Maria  Howard^ 

both  of  Bucks  County. 

17  March,  1822,  BXi  Summers  to  Nizabeih  Walton,  both 
of  Horsham  Township. 

6  October,  1822,   William  Yerkes  of  New  Jersey  to  Ann 
Domer  of  Moreland  Township. 


Marriages  From^Squire  Van  Booskirk's  Docket.    441 

81  December,  1822,  Thomas  Vanhom  of  Abington  Town- 
ship to  Mariah  Reece^  both  of  Montgomery  County. 

25  December,  1828,  Fronds  Rem  to  Sarah  Raneyy  both 
of  Moreland  Township. 

8  January,  1824.    Srus  Homer  of  Upper  Dublin  Town- 
ship to  Elizabeth  Marple  of  Moreland  Township. 

15  January,  1824,  Seth  Biggs  to  Mary  Vanartsdaleriy  both 
of  Moreland  Township. 

29  May,  1824,  Abraham  AUen  to  Martha  Qmnardy  both 
of  Horsham  Township. 

3  June,  1824,  Isaac  Striclder  to  Eachd  Edwards^  both  of 
Philadelphia  County. 

8  November,  1825,  Thomas  T/son  of  Abington  Town- 
ship to  Sort/  Tyson  of  Upper  Dublin  Township. 

8  December,  1825,  Isaac  Roberts  to  Elizabeth  Springer^ 
both  of  Moreland  Township. 

4  May,  1826,  Thomas  Brown  of  Northampton  Township 
to  Claudene  Paxon  of  Newtown,  both  of  Bucks  County. 

2  November,  1826,  Biram  Oooper  to  Ezabel  Conrad  at 
Hatborough. 

16  November,  1826,  WilUam  Tyson  to  Hannah  Fitzwaier, 
both  of  Upper  Dublin  Township. 

* 

80  December,  1826,  Thomas  Potts  of  Upper  Dublin 
Township  to  Caroline  Cooper  of  Horsham  Township. 

5  March,  1827,  Leuns  Bilbum  of  Horsham  Township  to 
Grace  Oilbert  of  Warminster  Township-Bucks  Co. 


-•    I 


i 

t 

1 

(  442    Marriages  From  Squire  Van  BoosHrk^s  Docket. 

I  8  March,  1827,  David  Homer  to  Ann  Lukens,  both  of 

;  Upper  Dublin  Township. 

I  * 

20  April,  1827,  John  Doud  to  EUzabeth  Mooland^  botb  of 
Bucks  County. 

22  May,  1827,  Benjamin  HaUoioell  of  Abington  Township 

to  Rachel  S.  Stevens. 

* 

25  December,  1828,  George  Reason  of  Moreland  Town- 
ship to  Ann  King  of  Bucks  County. 

23  April,  1829,  Robert  Dresser  of  Horsham  Township  to 
Hannah  Meloy  of  Moreland  Township. 

10   September,    1829,    Jaxiob  Sentman    of    Warminster 

Township,  Bucks  Couuty  to  Sarah  Biggs  of  the  same  place. 

* 

10  March,  1830,  Able  Kimble  to  Sophia  Stradling,  both  of 
Moreland  Township. 

* 

13  May,  1830,  Abraham  Stevens  of  Byberry  Township, 
Philada.  County  to  Jane  Ervine  of  Southampton,  Bucks 
County. 

* 

31  December,  1830,  Isaac  Brown  to  Eliza  HalloweUy  both 

of  Moreland  Township. 

* 

8  February,  1832,  Nathan  McLean  to  Jane  Warner^  both 
of  Moreland  Township. 


^( 


f9  February,  1832,  John  Fisher  to  Mary  Ann  Houghman^ 
both  of  Moreland  Township. 

1 .  1  March,  1832,  Samuel   Wildunger  to  Rachel  Houghmanj 

both  of  Moreland  Township. 


Marriages  From  Squire  Van  Booskirk's  Docket.    443 

8  March,  1882,  Samuel  SUvy  to  Sarah  Hough,  both  of 
Moreland  Township. 

19  August,  1882,    Theophiles  Harres  of  Lower  Dublin 
Twp,  to  Eleanor  Merret  of  Moreland  Township. 

4  March,  1833,  George  Alien  to  Pheby  Mickelstortj  both  of 

Upper  Dublin  Township. 

* 

9  June,   1888,  Elias  Jones  of   Horsham   Township  to 
Martha  Ward  of  the  same  place. 

1  August,  1838,  Thomas  Sines  to  Fhebg  Logan^  both  of 
Northampton  Township,  Bucks  County. 

4c 

19  October,  1833,  Charles  Dominie  of  Horsham  Township 
to  Elizabeth  Walker  of  Moreland  Township. 

28  November,  1833,  Isaac  S.  Harry  to  Elizabeth   Walker^ 
both  of  Moreland  Township. 

18  February,  1834,  John  Ganges  to  Mary  Bice,  both  of 
Warminster  Township,  Bucks  County. 

4c 

16  February,  1834,  Thomas  Carr  to  Elizabeth  Ridge,  both 
of  Moreland  Township. 

4c 

21   March,  1835,  Amos  Harry  of  Attleborough,  Bucks 
Co.,  to  Martha  Krier  of  Moreland  Township. 

4c 

12  March,  1836,  Jeremiah    Webster  of  Abington  Town- 
ship, to  Sarah  Hallowell  of  Moreland  Township. 

4c 

9  July,  1836,   William  Homer  of  Upper  Dublin  Town- 
ship, to  Martha  Macalester  of  Abington  Township. 

4c 

16  August,  1836,  Henry  Reynolds  to  Catharine  Berrell, 
both  of  Upper  Dublin  Township. 


I 

t 

Y 
i 

\ 


444    Marriages  From  Squire  Van  Booskirk^s  Docket. 

29  September,  1886,  MahUm  Hibbs  to  Anna   Bosseter^ 
both  of  Witpain  Township,  Montgomery  Connly. 

14  December,  1887,  Azor  Aerbaueh  to  Elizabeth  Brandy 
both  of  Moreland  Township, 

15  March,  1888,  Bubin  Brand  to  Ann  Boleam,  both  of 
Moreland  Township. 

22  December,  1888,  William  C.  Waltm  of  Warrick  Twp, 
Bucks  County  to  Margaret  Potts  of  Upper  Dublin  Twp. 

14  February,  1889,  Isaac  Walton  of  Lower  Dublin  Twp, 
Philadelphia  County  to  Catherine  Beeve  of  Bensalem  Twp, 
Bucks  County. 

11  April,  1839,  John  Spenser  of  Upper  Dublin  Twp,  to 
EUza  New  of  the  same  place. 

80  June,  1889,  Isaac  Wildargar  to  Susannah  WmdoTj 
both  of  Moreland  Township. 


Extracts  From  the  Journal  of  Rev.  Andreas  Sandel.  445 


BXTRA0T8  FROM  THE  JOTJBNAL  OP  EBV.  ANDBBAS 
SANDBL,  PASTOB  OP  "GLOBIA  DEI"  SWEDISH 
LUTHEBAN  CHUBOH,  PHILADELPHIA,  1702-1719. 

(Continued  from  page  299.) 

1710.  October  16. — ^In  company  with  Elias  Tay,  Jean 
Bengtson  and  Jonaa  Buirstrom,  I  went  to  Egg  Harbor  and 
lodged  with  Peter  Stellman.  The  following  evening  we 
visited  Jons  Stellman,  and  I  preached  two  sermons,  one 
Swedish  the  other  English,  and  the  next  day  started  for 
home. 

October  S9. — ^Along  with  some  Swedes  I  went  to  Alaha- 
watany  to  preach.  Arrived  there  the  following  day,  and 
on  31st,  I  preached  in  Swedish  and  English,  and  baptized 
an  English  baby.  With  me  then  were  Hans  Laican,  Sven 
Bambo,  Peter  Bambo  and  Marcos  Holing.  Betomed  home 
Nov.  1st 

November  IS. — Set  out  for  Mr.  J.  Aar6n's  wedding,  with 
Jons  Stellman  and  Jonas  Buirstrom.  Beached  Christina 
and  slept  at  Mag.  Bjork's. 

November  14,. — ^Beached  Elk  river  shortly  after  noon,  and 
were  invited  there  to  the  wedding  of  a  Swede  named  Peter 
Larson,  but  Mr.  Aur6n  who  was  to  marry  him  had  not 
arrived,  and  intending  to  go  &rther,  we  hastened  on  as  soon 
as  we  had  partaken  of  the  noonday  meal.  It  was  sixteen 
English  miles  to  Capt  Haosson's,  but  taking  a  wrong  path 
leading  to  Turk's  [Turkey]  Point,  and  going  six  miles  out 
of  our  way,  we  came  to  a  house  near  a  wood  and  the  man 
took  us  to  North  East  river,  and  it  was  near  daybreak  before 
we  arrived  at  Capt  Johan  Hausson's,  who  lives  1}  miles 
from  the  Susquehanna,  where  we  remained  the  following 
day  and  night 

November  16. — We  left  Hausson's  for  Mr.  Auren's  wed- 
ding ;  had  to  go  back  eight  miles  as  he  lived  east  of  the  river. 


446  Extracts  From  the  Journal  of  Rev.  Andreas  SandeL 

Mr.  Auren  was  married  by  Mag.  Bjork  to  Hans  GioetasoD's 
daughter  Lydia.  We  nighted  at  Anders  Nelson,  more  than 
a  mile  from  Auren's  house. 

November  17, — In  the  morning  we  returned  to  AarSn^s 
house  and  having  breakfasted,  started  for  home,  in  the 
company  of  nine  Swedes.  Mag.  Bjork  and  I  went  to  visit 
the  widow  of  Peter  Stalkop,  where  we  remained  over  nights 

November  18, — This  morning  resumed  our  journey  home- 
ward,— spent  a  few  hours  at  Mag.  Bjork's  and  then 
proceded  to  my  house. 

[No  record  for  the  year  1711,  except  those  of  letters 
written  to  England  and  Sweden.] 

1712.  May  1. — Arrived  two  ministers  from  Sweden,  Ma^. 
Anders  Hesselius  *  and  Abram  Lidenius,*  sent  by  the  govern- 
ment (the  king  being  in  Poland)  and  Bishop  Svedberg,  in 
order  to  relieve  Mag.  Eric  Bjork. 

Noveinber  20. — The  books  from  Sweden  sent  by  the  King 
were  received :  10  large  Bibles,  860  Hymn  books,  of  three 
different  kinds  and  12  copies  of  a  Qerman  book  called 
"Pursten  Lehre." 

1713.  February  16. — Mag.  Jonas  Auren  diedatBatkung's 
Hook  and  was  buried  by  me  February  25,  in  the  church. 

March  4' — Attended  a  meeting  of  clergymen  at  Bur- 
lington: Mag.  Bjork  and  me  with  English  clergymen  from 
Pennsylvania.  The  ministers  of  East  and  West  Jersey, 
with  the  exception  of  Mr.  Talbot,*  not  attending,  no  result 
was  attained. 

^Andreas  Hesselius^  who  succeeded  Mag.  BjOrk  in  May  of  1713,  at 
Christina.  He  was  recalled  to  Sweden  in  1722.  While  in  America  he 
translated  Bishop  Svedberg's  **  God's  Holy  Law  of  Destiny/*  and  after 
his  return  to  Sweden,  published  **  A  short  relation  of  the  present  con- 
dition of  the  Swedish  Church  in  America,  with  impartial  thoughts  in 
regard  to  its  further  extension.'' 

'  John  AbrcLham  lAdenius,  after  a  short  service  at  Christina,  was  trans- 
ferred to  Pennsneck  and  Raccoon,  West  Jersey.  He  was  a  man  of 
remarkable  industry  and  was  greatly  beloved  for  his  zeal  and  attractiye 
manners.     In  1717  he  was  recalled  to  Sweden. 

» Rev,  John  Ihlbot,  see  Penn.  Mag.  Hist.  &  Bioo.  Vol.  Ill,  p.  82. 


Extracts  From  the  Journal  of  Rev.  Andreas  Sandel.  447 

November  6. — ^A  new  church  at  Oxford,  8  miles  from 
Philadelphia,  was  consecrated.  Mag.  Bjork  and  I  and  five 
English  ministers  were  present.  Mr.  Talbot  preached  on 
Acts  viii,  24.  There  were  no  special  ceremonies,  only  those 
in  use  every  Sunday,  except  that  in  the  first  lesson  Solo- 
mon's prayer  in  consecrating  the  temple  was  read,  and  at 
the  end  of  the  sermon,  Mr.  Talbot  prayed  to  God  for  those 
who  are  to  proclaim  God's  word  there.  The  church  was 
named  Holy  Trinity. 

1714., — The  month  of  January  was  so  warm,  that  I  saw 
blossoms  in  the  woods  on  the  24. 

The  spring  likewise  was  very  mild,  and  on  April  16, 1 
saw  that  the  rye  had  headed. 

Mag.  Bjork  preached  his  farewell  sermons  at  Wicacoa, 
and  the  Sunday  following  at  Christina. 

May  6. — ^Letters  were  written  by  the  Wicacoa  and  Chris- 
tina parishes  to  the  King  of  Sweden,  the  Royal  Council 
and  to  Bishop  Svedberg,  tendering  their  humble  thanks  for 
the  kindness  shown  them  in  sending  over  the  two  clergymen 
and  hymn  books. 

June  S9. — Mag.  Bjork  with  his  wife  and  five  children 
departed  for  Sweden,  after  having  had  charge  of  Christian 
parish  for  seventeen  years.  Many  parishoners  and  friends, 
Swedes  and  English,  accompanied  him  part  way  to  Bohemia. 
Mag.  Hesselius,  Ledenius  and  myself  remained  with  him. 

July  1 — ^A  boat  from  the  vessel  came  for  Mag.  Bjork, 
when  Mag.  Hesselius  and  his  ynf^  returned  home;  Mr. 
Lidenius  and  I  remained  to  see  the  vessel  sail. 

July  2. — ^Not  all  of  Mag.  Bjork's  things  having  arrived, 
they  did  not  sail  until  later  in  the  day.  John  Van  der  Weer 
and  wife  and  Hendrick  von  Brunjahan  were  also  pas- 
sengers. Shortiy  after  they  sailed  Lidenius  and  I  mounted 
our  horses  and  started  homeward.  We  nighted  at  St. 
George,  and  next  day  reached  New  Castle.  Lidenius 
crossed  the  river  and  I  proceeded  to  Lucas  Stedhams. 

July  4. — I  preached  at  New  Castle  and  Mr.  Hesselius  at 
Wicacoa. 


448  Extracts  From  the  Journal  of  Rev.  Andreas  Sandel. 

August. — Mr.  Jesper  Svedberg,  son  of  the  Bishop  came 
to  Philadelphia,  and  lodged  with  GoBtayos  Heasilias/  the 
portrait  painter.  Some  months  later  he  came  to  my  house 
to  live. 

1715.  January. — The  English  minister  Mr.  Francis  Phil- 
lips was  thrown  into  prison  by  Mr.  [John]  Moore  and 
[William]  Trent,  for  some  slanders  he  had  circulated  in 
regard  to  their  fiuinilies.  This  caused  a  large  division  in 
the  church,  the  principal  members  of  the  parish  would  not 
attend  the  services  and  neither  could  they  deprive  him  of 
his  office,  until  instructions  were  received  from  England.' 
They  asked  to  be  allowed  to  attend  the  Wicacoa  church 
and  for  me  to  preach  to  them,  which  I  agreed  to  do.  The 
Sunday  I  preached  to  them,  was  the  first  Sunday  in  Lent, 
and  my  church  became  so  crowded,  that  I  had  finally  to 
request  them  to  seek  some  other  place  for  worship.  They 
selected  the  Court-house,  and  Mr.  Guemey  became  their 
minister. 

May  9. — ^In  company  with  several  English  clergymen, 
Mr.  Talbot,  Guerney  and  Clubb,*  I  went  up  to  Radnor  where 
r  ■  I  we  laid  the  comer-stone  of  a  church. 

In  this  month  some  singular  flies  came  out  of  the 
ground;  the  English  call  them  locusts.  When  they  left 
the  ground  holes  could  be  seen  everywhere  in  the  roada 
and  especially  in  the  woods.  They  were  then  encased  in 
shells,  out  of  which  they  crawled.  It  seemed  most  wonder- 
ful how  being  covered  with  the  shell  they  were  able  to 
burrow  their  way  in  the  hard  ground.  When  they  began 
to  fly  they  made  a  peculiar  noise,  and  being  found  in  great 
multitudes   all  over   the  country,  their  noise  made    the 

I  ^  Oustavus  HesBclius,  see  Penn.  Mag.  Hist.  &  Bioo.  Vol.  XXIX,  p. 

129 

'  Suspended  and  finally  removed. 

*  Rev.  John  Clubb,  a  Welshman,  for  sometime  was  schoolmaster  in 
Philadelphia,  and  also  assisted  Bev.  Evan  Evans.  He  also  preached  to 
the  Welsh  settlers  at  Radnor  and  vicinity,  and  became  rector  of  Holy 
Trinity  Church,  Oxford.     He  died  in  December  of  1715. 


if 


(! 


Extracts  From  the  Journal  of  Rev.  Andreas  Sandd.  449 

cow-beUs  inaudible  in  the  woods.  They  were  also  destructive, 
making  slits  in  the  bark  of  the  trees,  where  they  deposited 
their  worms,  which  withered  the  branches.  Swine  and 
poultry  ate  them,  but  what  was  more  astonishing,  when 
they  first  appeared  some  of  the  people  split  them  open  and 
eat  them,  holding  them  to  be  of  the  same  kind  as  those 
said  to  have  been  eaten  by  John  the  Baptist  These  locusts 
lasted  not  longer  than  up  to  June  10,  and  disappeared  in 
the  woods. 

June  IS. — ^We,  clergymen,  had  a  meeting  at  Chester. 
There  were  present  Mr.  Roes,^  Clubb,  Humphreys*  and  my- 
self. We  consulted  how  to  arrange  the  services  during  the 
suspension  of  Mr.  Phillips,  and  agreed  that  Mr.  Talbot 
begin  first,  and  be  followed  by  Mr.  Humphreys,  Sandel, 
Boss,  and  Clubb,  until  another  minister  arrives  from  Eng- 
land. [Oct  9,  a  Mr.  Barron,  a  stranger,  came  to  take 
charge,  and  Oct  15,  orders  were  received  from  the  Bishop 
removing  Mr.  Phillips  and  the  other  minister.] 

June  14,. — Mr.  Guemey  left  for  New  York  by  order  of 
the  Bishop. 

We  sent  our  Magdalene  to  the  sewing-school  of  Mrs. 
Andros  in  Philadelphia,  and  to  board  at  Bei\ja  Morgan, 
where  we  had  to  pay  six  shillings  per  week,  and  ten  pence 
for  the  schooling. 

June  17. — The  rye  harvest  commenced  in  some  places. 

October  SO. — Mr.  Abraham  Lidenius  was  introduced  by 
me  to  be  teacher  in  the  Raccoon,  Kesiband  and  Pennsneck 
[New  Jersey]  parishes,  according  to  Bishop  Svedberg's 
orders. 

This  year  has  been  a  very  abundant  one,  wheat  costing 
not  over  two  shillings  three  pence,  rye,  twenty  pence, 
barley,  twenty-two  pence  and  oats,  sixteen  pence  per 
bushel,  and  apples,  six  shillings  per  barreL 

^  Rev,  Oeorge  Ron^  miasionaiy  at  New  Castle,  Delaware,  was  learned 
and  highly  esteemed. 

'  Rev.  John  Humphreys,  for  some  time  sdioolmaster,  and  in  charge 
of  the  congregation  at  Chester. 
VOL.  XXX. — 29 


450  Extracts  From  the  Journal  of  Rev.  Andreas  Sandel. 

1716,  January  12. — A  dreadful  thing  happened  in  Phila- 
delphia to  the  wife  of  a  butcher,  who  had  quarreled  with 
her  husband.  He  aaked  her  to  make  their  bed,  but  she  re- 
fused. Continuing  to  refuse,  he  told  her  he  would  turn  her 
out  of  the  house,  but  she  told  him  if  he  did  so,  she  woald 
break  every  window  pane,  and  invoked  the  devil  to  come 
for  her  if  she  did  not  do  it  The  husband  led  her  out  of 
the  house,  she  became  highly  excited,  broke  some  of  the 
panes,  and  through  the  kitchen  made  her  way  up  to  the 
attic,  with  a  candle,  and  laid  down  on  the  bed  greatly  dis- 
turbed on  account  of  her  promise.  Then  she  heard  some- 
body coming  up  the  stairs,  but  saw  no  one— this  was 
repeated  for  half  an  hour.  Becoming  more  and  more  agi- 
tated, fearing  her  aw^ul  invocation  was  about  to  be  realized, 
she  went  down  to  her  husband,  telling  him  of  her  anguish 
and  asking  him  to  aid  her.  Laying  down  on  a  bench  near 
the  hearth,  she  perceived  a  dark  human  face,  making  horrid 
grimmaces  with  mouth  wide  open  and  the  teeth  gnashing. 
Then  she  became  thoroughly  terrified,  and  asked  her  hus- 
band to  read  to  her  Psalms  XXT,  which  he  did,  and  the 
face  disappeared.  Soon  afterwards  she  perceived  at  the 
window,  one  of  which  she  had  broken  panes,  that  some- 
one was  standing  there  with  both  arms  extended  through 
the  window,  by  which  her  fright  was  made  greater.  Then 
the  figure  approached  and  passed  her,  but  she  could  not  see 
where  it  disappeared.  Her  husband  then  clasped  his  arms 
around  her,  when  the  fumes  of  brimstone  became  so  strong 
they  could  not  remtdn  in  doors,  and  these  fumes  were  ap- 
parent to  all  who  came  in  later.  At  one  oVlock  she  sent 
for  the  minister,  who  also  came  and  prayed  with  her  the 
next  day.  Many  persons  visited  her,  but  she  had  to  fold 
her  hands  over  her  knees  to  keep  from  trembling.  A  few 
days  later  the  same  woman  related  to  me  and  two  other 
clergymen,  Mr.  Boss  and  Smith,  this  story. 

January  18. — ^A  horse  was  drowned  in  a  foot  and  a  half 
of  water  in  a  singular  manner.  He  was  drinking  out  of  a 
hole  in  the  ice,  when  both  his  hind  legs  slid  and  his  head 


Extracts  From  the  Journal  of  Rev.  Andreas  Sandel,  451 

was  thrust  under  the  ice  and  there  remdned  until  he  was 
drowned. 

1717,  May  28. — My  daughter  Magdalene  was  taken  to 
Dr.  Monckton,  to  stay  there  some  years,  to  learn  sewing  Ac. 

May  81. — A  new  Governor,  Mr.  Keith,  a  Scotchman,  ar- 
rived here,  sent  by  Mr.  Penn  with  the  King's  approbation. 

August  1. — The  rectory  at  Passayunk  was  burnt  down  by 
fire. 

August  £6. — ^A  violent  storm  of  wind  and  rain  set  in.  In 
Philadelphia  many  craft  were  damaged,  a  sloop  capsized, 
boats  were  damaged,  many  trees  in  the  woods  blown  down, 
and  the  damage  calculated  at  several  thousand  pounds. 

1718,  April  £8. — The  night  was  severely  cold  and  ice 
formed.     The  frost  damaged  quantities  of  fruit. 

July  9. — ^I  wrote  to  Bishop  Svedberg,  Mr.  Bjork,  Oriot, 
and  two  letters  to  Mr.  Norberg  in  London.  One  of  these 
letters  was  about  my  journey  homewards. 

In  December  of  1717, 1  was  called  home  by  His  Migesty 
King  Charles  XTT,  which  reached  me  May  28, 1718.  I  be- 
gan thereupon  to  prepare  for  my  journey  with  wife  and 
children  in  the  following  year.  In  the  month  of  June  1719, 
in  those  critical  war  times,  I  set  out  on  my  troublesome 
journey  in  the  name  of  the  Lord.  I  sailed  in  the  Mary 
Galley,  Capt.  Stephen  Simons,  leaving  Philadelphia  June 
25,  for  Chester.  Subsequently  I  came  there  with  my  wife 
and  children,  accompanied  by  the  Swedes  in  great  numbers. 
On  the  29th  Capt  Simons  came  for  us.  The  sails  were 
set,  but  owing  to  a  head  wind,  we  only  proceeded  to  Marcus 
Hook,  where  I  visited  the  English  minister  Mr.  Humph- 
reys. On  the  80th  arrived  off  Christina  and  later  New 
Castle.  July  1,  sailed  with  a  fair  wind  to  Bombay  Hook, 
where  we  anchored,  the  following  day  it  was  calm  with  a 
head  wind,  and  we  had  to  beat  to  windward  down  the  bay. 
Since  the  day  before  a  sloop  had  followed  us,  and  when  we 
anchored  it  did  the  same,  which  frightened  the  captain  as 
he  suspected  her  of  being  a  pirate.  Accordingly  the  cap- 
tain sent  his  mate  with  a  crew  in  a  boat,  to  ascertain  whither 


I' 


452  Extracts  From  the  Journal  of  Rev.  Andreas  Sandd. 

the  sloop  was  bound,  aa  if  he  wanted  to  have  some  letters 
forwarded,  but  in  reality  to  find  out  whether  she  was  armed 
as  a  pirate.  They  ascertained  that  the  ci^tain  was  a  stranger 
in  these  waters,  and  for  that  reason  kept  near  us,  and  was 
bound  for  Bermuda.  On  July  6,  we  arrived  off  Lewestown, 
and  with  the  captain  I  visited  the  town,  where  we  supplied 
ourselves  with  casks  of  water  and  poultry.  The  following 
day  the  weather  being  fair  we  put  to  sea,  but  sighting  a 
pirate  which  had  been  off  the  ci^es  for  a  week,  we  put 
back.  Supposing  we  were  bound  for  the  West  Indies,  she 
sailed  to  the  south-ward  and  when  out  of  sight,  we  went  to 
sea  again,  and  continued  our  voyage. 


Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  Ireland.  453 

PEirsrSYLVANIA  GLEANINGS  IN  lEBLAND. 

BY    LOTHBOP    WITHINGTON. 

[The  following  notes  from  Irish  records  have  been  gath- 
ered by  me  incidentally  in  the  course  of  many  years^  occsr 
sional  research  in  Dublin  and  elsewhere  concerning  various 
Ulster  emigrant  families,  the  first  and  most  important  being 
the  connection  of  our  famous  General  Bichard  Mont- 
gomery, the  hero  of  Quebec.  As  a  fact  the  Montgomerys 
overshadow  the  whole  of  Ulster,  just  as  the  Fitzgeralds  do 
the  rest  of  Ireland.  It  is  said  that  Lord  Mount  Alexander 
at  one  time  could  ride  at  the  head  of  a  regiment  all  Mont- 
gomerys. In  the  last  Irish  Parliament  were  no  less  than 
six  Montgomerys,  the  handsomest  men  not  only  in  the 
Parliament  but  in  Ireland  according  to  tradition.  The 
ramifications  of  the  Ulster  Montgomerys  are  endless  and 
various  branches  had  scions  in  Pennsylvania.  I  have 
included  all  references  to  ^'  America^'  in  Ulster  femilies  of 
the  18th  Century  as  referring  either  to  Pennsylvania  or  to 
the  allied  settlements  along  the  Southern  Alleghany  chain, 
and  the  little  islet  in  New  Hampshire,  which  are  only 
branches  of  the  great  exodus  to  the  Keystone  colony. 

LOTHROP  WiTHINOTON. 
80  Little  RoflMU  Street,  W.  0. 
London.] 

Samuel  Montgombrt,  Eilley  Cappel,  county  Ardmagh. 
Will  17  June  1742;  proved  6  December  1748.  To  wife 
Margaret  ye  farm  with  what  Phelemy  Curtayne  tsams  and 
Ned  McOnathy  possesses,  to  her  and  her  three  youngest 
sons,  Hugh,  William,  and  John  Montgomery,  if  she  marry 
to  be  divided  to  the  three  children.  Goods  and  chattels 
in  four  skones,  but  as  in  articles  with  John  Williams  that 
if  each  child  has  £80  my  daughter  Rose  is  to  have  a  child's 
part  of  the  remainder,  etc.  etc.  To  son  Samuel  Mont- 
gomery parcel  of  land  Widow  Todd  formerly  possessed 


454  Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  Ireland. 

and  land  Hugh  and  Patrick  Conlin  possessed,  about  60 
acres.  To  daughter  Jane  lease  of  Aughneaclough  and 
£40.  To  son  James  Montgoraerv  a  lease  of  Cornean's 
land  of  ye  Tate.  Witnesses :  William  Montgomery,  John 
McBride,  Mathew  Hall. 

Diocese  of  Armagh^  filed  laill. 

William  Montoombry,  Kila  Capel  parish,  in  county 
Armagh,  farmer.  Will  27  March  1769 ;  proved  10  April 
1769.  To  son  Joseph  Montgomery,  that  part  of  Farme  of 
Land  in  Killa  Capell  which  I  hold  under  Arthur  Graham, 
Esq.,  in  my  actual  possession,  being  three  fields  or  parks, 
from  the  orchard  ditch  round  to  big  Meadow  ditch, 
meared  and  bounded  by  the  Wartoh  Ditch  between  John 
McKinley's  barn  in  Drumga  and  Alexander  Hogg's  Farm 
in  !^lein,  18  acres,  to  hold  during  lives  of  my  brother 
Joseph  Montgomery  of  Killa  Cappel  aforesaid  and  James 
Montgomery  of  Ballygawley,  county  Tyrone,  to  have 
the  original,  pay  the  rent  of  £2.5s.6d,  etc.  To  wife  Mar- 
garet and  son  James,  rest  of  said  farm  with  the  orchard, 
etc.  To  son  William  Montgomery  rent  of  £1.2s.9d.  etc. 
Wife's  portion  after  her  decease  to  son  Robert  Montgomery, 
now  in  America,  and  his  heirs,  then  to  son  Samuel  Mont- 
gomery, now  in  America,  and  his  heirs.  To  son  Joseph 
Montgomery  lower  room  of  dwelling  house.  To  wife 
Margaret  furniture  in  upper  room  and  in  the  parlour.  To 
wife  and  son  James  Montgomery  rest  of  home,  but  to  be 
divided  if  wife  wishes  to  live  elsewhere,  etc.  etc.  To  son 
John  Montgomery  £14  if  he  make  no  trouble  at  law,  etc. 
etc.  To  wife  Margaret  £20.  To  son  William  Montgomery 
["now  in  America"  erased].  To  son  James  £10.  To 
son  Samuel  Montgomery,  now  in  America,  £30.  To  two 
nieces,  Margaret  and  Jane  Montgomery,  daughters  of  said 
son  John  Montgomery,  £10  each,  if  he  gives  no  trouble. 
To  son  Robert,  now  in  America,  £10.  If  more,  equally  to 
wife  Margaret  and  sons  John,  William,  Joseph,  James, 
Samuel,  and  Robert;  but  if  not  enough,  legacies  to  be 


Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  Ireland,  455 

diminished  in  proportion.  Executors:  brother  Joseph 
Montgomery  of  Kilia  Cappel  and  Cousin  Samuel  Mont- 
gomery of  Armagh.  Witnesses:  John  Wright,  Sarie 
Wilkinson,  Ja3.  Doobin. 

Diocese  of  Armaghyjiled  mil. 

Samubl  Montgomery,  Armagh,  county  Armagh,  mer- 
chant Will  8  January  1779 ;  proved  12  June  1779.  To 
son  Samuel  Montgomery  farm  in  Kille  Capell,  meared  by 
John  Montgomery  on  one  side  and  William  Montgomery 
on  other  side,  the  road  to  Outleek  on  one  side  and  bog 
on  other,  with  house  etc.  to  hold  till  end  of  lease.  To 
daughter  Mary  Montgomery  Killner  capell  that  John 
Montgomery  holds,  etc.  To  daughter  Ann  part  of  ferm 
in  Killa  Capell  meared  by  John  Mason,  William  Black,  the 
road,  etc.  to  end  of  lease.  To  daughter  Margaret  Mont- 
gomery "Mossfields"  etc.  in  Killa  Cappell  purchased  of 
Hugh  Montgomery.  To  son  Samuel  Montgomery  part  of 
dwelling  house  in  Market  Street,  Armagh,  etc.  etc.  To 
daughter  Margaret  Montgomery  part  of  ditto  and  shop 
next  to  Scotch  Street,  etc.  etc.  To  daughters  Mary  and 
Ann  houses  in  Barrick  Street.  Money  and  goods  to  son 
Samuel  Montgomery  and  8  daughters,  Margaret,  Mary  and 
Ann  Montgomery.  To  daughters  Mary  and  Ann  meadow 
in  Killa  Cappell  next  to  John  Montgomery  to  enable  them 
to  pay  their  rent  Executors:  son  Samuel  Montgomery 
and  daughter  Margaret  Montgomery.  Overseers :  William 
Montgomery.  Witnesses :  George  Cochran,  Wm.  Cochran, 
William  Montgomery. 

Diocese  of  Armagh,  filed  will, 

Elizabbth  Montgomery,  Sackville  Street,  City  of  Dublin, 
widow.  Will  13  January  1769 :  proved  .  .  .  1770.  All 
estate  to  David  Richardson  of  Drumin,  county  Tyrone, 
Esq.,  in  trust  for  sister  Catherine  Richardson  of  Richmount, 
said  county  Tyrone,  etc.  To  brother  Robert  Montgomery 
of  Brandwin,  large  silver  cup  etc.  and  the  part  of  rent  of 


f 


456  Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  Ireland. 

Barn  let  to  me  by  Rev.  Thomas  Hastings.  To  sister  Jane 
Brooke,  Angle  Johnson,  Dorothea  Dobson,  Brother  Jack- 
son Wray,  Sister  Wray  his  wife,  and  Brother  Gnstavus 
Brooke,  £10  each.  To  my  sister  Dorothea  Dobson  best 
negligee,  and  £250  to  her  children,  Robert  Dobson,  Jane 
Dobson,  and  Elizabeth  Dobson.  To  my  nephew  William 
Richardson,  now  Ensign  in  America,  £100,  and  in  case  he 
shall  not  return,  to  David  Richardson,  Esq.,  above  in  trust 
for  sister  Catherine  Richardson.  To  neece  Rosy  Grove  £10 
or  clothes.  Executors :  David  Richardson  and  sister  Cath- 
erine. To  my  two  apprentices  John  Russell  and  Elizabeth 
Gray  £2.58.6d.  each.  Witnesses:  Gilbert  Kelbie,  James 
Huggins,  Arthur  Starkey. 

Prerogative  Courl  of  Ireland,  Will  Book  74,  {1770)  folio  82. 

Olivia  Barr,  town  and  county  of  Monaghan.  Will  13 
October  1774;  proved  16  November  1774.  To  neece 
Anna  Catherine  Hamilton,  wife  of  Rev.  James  Hamilton 
of  New  Buildings,  £20.  To  neice  Olivia  Reade  als  Flem- 
ing £20.  To  neece  Anna  Catharine  Fleming  £20.  To 
neece  Margaret  Dobbin  als  Cumming  £20.  To  neece 
Olivia  Eonsellagh  £8.  To  David  Moore,  son  to  Margaret 
Moore  £4.  To  sister  Margaret  Fleming,  best  gown.  Rest 
of  apparrell  to  sisters  Arabella  Cumming  and  Margaret 
Fleming.  To  servant  Catherine  Neal,  blankets,  etc.  etc. 
To  nephew  David  Rogers,  now  in  America,  £20.  Robert 
Kelly  in  East  Indies  promised  to  remit  me  £50,  and  said 
£50  to  Olivia  Lowry  als  Picken.  Rest  of  estate  to  said 
Anna  Hamilton,  Margaret  Dobbin,  Olivia  Lowry  ofe  Picken, 
and  David  Rogers.  Executor:  Rev.  James  Hamilton  of 
New  Buildings,  near  Monaghan,  and  Archibald  Dubbin  of 
Monaghan,  Innkeeper.  Witnesses :  Mary  Baxter,  William 
Lowry,  Jno.  Dennington. 

Diocese  of  Clogher,  filed  wUL 


Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  Ireland. 


467 


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458  Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  Ireland. 

Archibald  Shaw,  now  of  City  of  Philadelphia,  late  of 
Kingdom  of  Ireland,  son  of  Thomas  Shaw  of  Strard,  parish 
of  Ballinhoy,  county  Antrim,  Ireland.  Will  7  May  1785  : 
proved  1787.  Executors:  Smith  Ramage,  Esq.,  of  Dublin, 
and  kinsman  Alex.  Kenney,  late  of  Ireland  but  at  present 
of  Philadelphia.  To  cousins  Neil,  John,  Mary,  and  Samuel 
Kenny,  children  of  Dennis  and  Catherine  Kenney,  £100. 
To  cousin  Molly  McLean  and  her  daughter  KAtherine 
McLean  £25.  To  cousin  Nancy  McLean,  maid  servant  to 
my  mother,  £25.  Goods  to  my  parents,  Thomas  and 
Isabella  Shaw,  for  their  lives,  then  to  sister  McPhall  and 
her  husband  Archibald  McPhall,  to  their  children,  etc. 
Witnesses:  Alex.  Kenney,  Thos.  Bayley,  Jno.  Shaw. 
[Sentence  in  grant  book.] 

Prerogative  Court  of  Ireland,  Will  Book  108. 
{1787— K—W),  folio  190. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797.  459 


WASHINGTON'S  HOUSEHOLD  ACCOUNT  BOOK, 
1793-1797. 

(Continued  from  page  331.) 

January  1st.  1796. 

Contg't  Exp'fl.  Dr  to  Cash. 

Gave  the  carrier  of  Dunlap's  paper    .     .  1. 

do.  for  Fenno'fl 1. 

do.  for  Bache'B 1. 

Gh^ve  Watchmen 8.  6.00 

Srd  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Contg't  Exp's  p'd  for  2  pr  cotton  hose— 

per  order  of  Mrs.  Wn 2.22 

D*.  p'd.  Jesse  Sharpless  in  full  to  last  of 

Dec.  for  sund's  pr  bill 88.49 

D*.  p'd.  Thos  Dobson  in  full  pr.  bill    .     .     69.85 
D*.  p'd  I.  Price  for  a  watch  for  Wash" 

Custis  pr  order 28. 

D*.  gave  the  carrier  of  Brown's  paper    .       1.00 
House  Exp's  p'd  John  Gaceer  in  fiill  to 

end  of  1794 22.00 

D*.  p'd  Jn'o  Andr6  do 10.00 

House  Exp's  p'd  Isaac  k  Ed  Pennington 

in  full  for  sugar 148.84 

D*-  p'd.  Henry  Bohlen  in  full  to  the  end 

of  1794 12. 

D^  p'd  Ann  Emerson  do 14.45    885.85 

Cash ^Dr  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U. 

States  Rec'd  on  acco't  of   the  Presi- 
dent's Compensation 1000. 


I 


■I 

; 


460  Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797. 

5th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

House  Exp's  p'd  for   12  cords  hickory 

wood  wharfage  &  sawing 94.53 

D*.  p'd  by  F.  Ett,  Mary  Leffler  18  days 

work 9. 

4  days  hire  of  a  cook 8. 

Stable  Exp's.  p'd.  Godfrey  Gobler  in  full  for 

shoeing  horses  to  the  1st  of  Dec.  last     36. 
Contg't  Exp's  p'd.  Ditto  for  sundries  pr. 

bill 15.03 

D*.  p'd  by  F.  Ett  for  freight  of  apples 

from  New  York 1.20 


jj  Linniment  for  Hercules .26 

i  Starch  8/.  Hair  ribbon  5/ 1.80 

f!  I>.  p'd.  Joseph  Cooke  in  full  pr.  bill  .     .     29.25 


D*.  p'd  for  Jefferson's  Notes  for  the  Presd't       1.50 

Fred  EU  deliv'd  him  to  purchase  sund's    185.33  381.89 

7th  

Conting't  Dr  to  Cash. 

p'd  for  8  seats  New  Theatre      ....       8.00 

p'd  for  4  p'r.  silk  hose  for  the  President     14.67     22.67 

8th  . 

Conting't  Exp's  Dr  to  Cash, 

p'd.  Jno  Whitesides  for  sunds  pr.  bill  for 

Mrs.  Washington  k  E.  Custis     .     .     .  68.30 

10th  

Conting't  Exp's.  Dr  to  Cash 

p'd  Henry  Ingle  for  sundry  jobs  pr.  bill  18.88 
p'd  Mrs.  Clarke  for  sundry  repairs  to 

Carriage  &  harness 21.90 

p'd  Walter  Johnson  for  do  k  do.  her  bill  52.60     92.88 

mth  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

House  exp's  p'd  Jno.  Shay  3-mos  wages     15.00 


Washington's  Horisehold  Account  Book,  179S-1797.  461 

D^  deliv'd  F.  Kitt  to  pay  for  soap  k  can- 
dles pr  bill £14.21 

Com  for  hogs 19.08 

£15.49     40.63 

Contg^t  Exp's  gave  Qn^y  to  buy  a  pr.  of 
shoes  pr  order 1.54 

D*.  p'd.  by  F.  Kitt  for  glazing  windows   .      1.75 

D^  p'd  by  do.  for  sund's.  bill  £4.15  pd 
by  do  to  Thomas  Passmore  pr.  bill 
2.10.6J •     .     .     .     .     17.60 

D^  p'd  for  a  pr  Spectacles  for  the  Presi- 
dent         6.00 

Fred  Ett  deliv'd  him  to  pay  his  weekly 
bills.     .     , 167.42    249.94 

Uth  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Stable  Exp's.  p'd  for  40  bush  oats .     .     .     15.55 
Conting't  Exp's  p'd  for  black  ball       .     .       1.00      16.55 
Cash— Dr.  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U.  S. 
Rec'd  on  acco't  of  the  Presidents  com- 
pensation    1000. 

16ih  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

House  Exp's.  p'd  James  Andre  in   fall       4.00 
Conting't  Exp's  p'd  for  a  quaters  tuition 
of  G.  W.  P.  Custis 5.50        9.50 

19th  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Conting't  Exp's  p'd  the  estate  of  Ja* 

Reynolds  for  picture  firames  etc — ^per 

bill  &  rec't^ 88.27 

D*.  p'd.  Dunlap  k  Claypoole  for  the  Daily 

Advert  to  end  of  1794 8.67 

D*.  p'd  Jno  Sproul  for  putting  a  window 

in  the  wash-house 20.00 


462  Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  1793-^1797. 


P'd  by  F.  Ett  for  2  pr  stockingB  for  Henry 

7/.  4  chamb.  pots  12/.  2  wash  baains 

7/6  4  Ewers  10/.  twine  4/.  paper  2/. 

thread  6/ •     .       6.24 

Fred  Kitt  deliv^d,  him  to  pay  his  weekly 

accounts 105.82 

House  Exp's  p'd  Bent  Dorsey  for  61b  tea 

A  a  bbl  of  sugar 49.88 

D^  p'd  I.  &  E.  Pennington  for  sugar  pr. 

bill 68.69 

D*.  p'd  for  a  box  of  Spermaceti  candles  14.78 
D^  p'd  by  F.  Kitt  for  16  days  hire  of  a 

kitchen   girl 20/7 


do    do    2  days 7/6 

1  bottle  salad  oil 10/. . 

Sundry   spices 45/. 

9  yds.  toweling 13/6 

13  days  hire  of  a  cook  ....      120/. 

£10.16.7 

28.88 

Stable  Exp's.  p'd  for  50  bandl's  of  straw 

3.88 

£Oth 

889.06 


Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Conting't  Exps.  p'd.  for  4  concert  tickets 


4.— 


D*.  gave  a  poor  man 1.50 

D^  deliv'd  Mrs.  Washington    ....       7.00 
Stable  Exp^s.  gave  John  to  buy  3  horse 

brushes   1    oil   brush   &    1    carriage 

brush 2.60     16.00 

ggnd  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

House  Exp's.  p'd.  Joseph  Anthony  for 

lamp    glasses 21.78 

D*.   p'd.   Benj.   W.  Morris  in  full  for 

Porter  to  the  end  of  1794     ....    120.66 
Contg't  Exp's.  p'd.  Moody  Jackson  for 

filling  the  Ice  House 67.00    199.29 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797.  463 

mth  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash. 

Contg^t  Exp's.  deliv'd  to   Mrs  W'-n.  to 

pay  for  three  months  schooling  of  a 

poor  giri — 1.67 

D'.  p'd.  for  box  New  Theatre     .     .     .        8.00 
D^  p'd.  by  F.  Ett  3  hdkf  s  for  serv't. 

girls  10/.  hauling  charcoal  2/6.  hair 

ribbon  for  Mrs  W.  11.  6  yds  linen 

for    apron's   18/.     1    new    bucket    k 

repairing  others  8/.     brushes  81/10 — 

£8.11,3        9.50 
D*.-  p'd  for  a  pair  of  Spectacles  for  Mrs 

Washington 8.50 

D^  deliv'd  her 25.00 

Fred  Ett  deliv'd.  him  to  pay  his  weekly 

acco't 158.87 

House  Exp's  p'd.  by  F.  Kitt  for  spirits 

8/.  6  water  glass  15/.  bottle  of  bitters 

15/.  100  bushels  charcoal  75/.     £5.8.0      14.40    220.44 

^ih  

House  Exp's.  Dr.  to  Cash. 

p'd.  Eliz  Simplon  9  mos  wages  in  full  to 

end  of  1794 45.  45.00 

»9ih  

Conting't  Exp's.  Dr.  to  Cash. 

pd.  Isaac  Franks  for  stockings  per  bill        3.90 
D*.  p'd  for  No's.  45  A  46  for  the  Presi- 
dent A  Mrs.  Wash- 1.00 1.00        4.90 

February  2nd 

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash. 

Conting't  exp's — ^gave  a  poor  man     .     .        1.50 
D^  p'd.  for  a  box  New  Theatre     .     .     .        8.00 
D'.  p'd.  by  F.  Kitt  for  the  President  4/9 
for  a  p'r.  hose ;  pills  for  Hercules  2/6. 
2  pr.  shoes  for  footman  30/.    paper  4/. 


464  Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S^17ff7. 

glazing    several    windows   16/8.     for 

sandry  tube  k  pails  82/ 

£6.8.0J      18.74 
Hoase   exp's.   pd  John   Gku^eer  a  moe 

wages 11.00 

D*.  p'd  F.  Ett  for  6  lb  paint  .     .       5/. 

10  bush  of  sand 16/. 

Isinglass 15/. 

Jas  Shay  in  full 45/. 

£4.0.0      10.67 
Fred    Bdtt    deliv^d    him     to    pay    his 

weekly  account 178.83    223.24 

Srd 

Contingt  Exp's.                           Dr  to  Cash, 
pd  for  4  oz   cabbage  seed  ^  oz  Cauli- 
flower &  ^  an  oz  Savoy 2.30 

6th  

Contingent  Exp's  Dr  to  Cash. 

p'd  for  Eliz.  &  Ella.  Custis  to  see  Museum         .50 

gave  a  poor  woman  by  order    ....        1.00        1.60 

7th   

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash. 

Stable  Exp's.  pd  for  168  bush  of  Oats  8/.      67.20 

I>.  pd  for  12.  do •        4.80 

Contgt  Exp's  p'd  for  a  pr.  of  very  extra 
shoes  for  the  President 5.00 

D*.  gave  a  poor  beggar  by  order   ...        1.00 

House  exp's  p'd  for  7^  cords  wood  haul- 
ing etc       63.16    141.16 

Cash— D'.  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U.  S. 
Rec'd  on  acco't  of  the  Presidents  com- 
pensation    8000. 

9th  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash. 

Fred  Kitt,  delivd  him  to  pay  his  weekly 

accot 131.46 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797.  465 

House  Exp's.  pd  for  F.  Ett  for  6  Wine 

glasses 15/ 

sawing  k  piling  wood  ....  49/9 

tining  kitchen  utensils      .     .     .  60/ 

2  bott.  oil 22/ 

3  *•.  preservd  fruit 2/6 

1  "^  Chockolate 22. 

12  bott  mustard 15/ 

1   do.  rack 7/6 

1  box  soap 96/8 

£14.10.5  88.74 
House  Exp's  pM  Ben*  Dorsey  for  a  bag 

of  coffee 24.78 

Contingt  Exp's  p'd  by  F.  K.  tor  a  comb 

k  pomatum  for  Mrs  Washington  .  .  1.00 
D*.  p'd  J.  Phile  for  sunds.  pr  bill .  .  .  8.87 
D^  p'd.  Chas.  Eirkham  for  sunds.  per 

bill 4.62    204.47 

10th  

Sundries  D'.  to  Cash. 

House  exp's.  p'd.  Pat  Kennedy  2  mos 

wages 22.00 

Stable  exps.  pd.  for  72  bush.  Oats  .  8/  28.80 
Contg't  Exp's  pd  for  2  pss.  Cotton  for 

shirts  for  the  President 40-00 

jy.    deliv'd.    Mrs    W'n.    to    pay    Mrs 

Wright 15.08 

D*.  p'd.  for  play  tickets  for  Eliz.  Ellen,  k 

Wafih*   Custis 8.00    108.88 

11th  

Stable  Exp's.  D'  to  Cash. 

p'd.  for  9  bush  Shorts 4.20 

nth  

Sund's.  D'.  to  Cash. 

Stable  Exp's  p'd.    Jacob    Hiltzheimer 
in  full  for  pasturage  of  Mares  k  colts      15.77 
VOL.  XXX. — 80 


i 


r 

i  466  Wa^hingim!^  Household  Account  Book,  1793^1797. 

Contg^t  Exp'8.  p'd  Starr  &  Bedford  for 
ehoes  etc  for  the  &mily  to  the  end  of 

1794 52.47 

D*.  delivd.  Mrs.  W"» 20.00 

D*.  p*d  for  play  tickets  for  Eliz  Ellen,  k 

W.  Custis 8.00      91.24 

letk 

Sundries  D'  to  Cash 

Stable  Exp's.  pd  for  50  bund  of  straw     .        3.50 
Fred  Kitt  delivd  him  to  pay  his  weekly 

acco't 196.08 

f                                           House  Exp's.  pd  by  F.  K  for  18  yd  of 
I;  toweling 24/ 

!'*                                               6  wine  glasses 12/- 
do.         do 9/6 

t  saltpeter   4/.     hire   of   woman    three 

:  days  washing  11/3  4  lb  Cake  3/9 

\  £3.4.6—   8.60 

i;  Conting't  Exp's.  p'd  by  F.  K3tt  for  medi- 

cine  for  Servts  4/8-  a  pr.   shoes  for 
:'  boy  9/4  2  handk  for  Mrs  Wn   13/3 

hair  rollers  for  Miss  Custis  11.  twine 

5/.   3  pr.  sugar  tongs  41/6  1  ironing 

blanket  11/3  glazing  windows  7/6 
\  £4.17.6—12.47    220.65 

17  th 

Conting't  Exp's                          Dr.  to  Cash 
p'd  for  a  piece  of  linen  for  Mrs  Wash- 
ington         27.00 

deliv'd  to  G.  W.  Custis  by  order  to  buy 

a  box  of  paints 2.34 

p'd  for  a  pen  knife  for  office  use   ...        1.00      80.34 

18ih  

Stable  Exp's  Dr.  to  Cash. 

p'd  for  2  &  f  hundred  of  Straw     .     .     .       19.26      19.25 


\^ 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  1798^1797.  467 

Slst  

Stable  Exp'8  Dr.  to  Cash 

p'd.  for  69  bush,  of  Oats  @  31     .     .     .      27.60 

p'd  for  68i  do  @  2/10 26.88      68.48 

2Srd  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash. 

Contg't  Exp's.  gave  a  poor  woman  pr. 

order 1.00 

Fred  Bdtt,  deliv'd  him  to  pay  for  weekly 

acco't 126.18 

House  Exp's.  p'd   by  F.   Ett  6  cords 

wood,  cutting  and  stowing   .  ^16.18.1 

10  »*  of  paint 10. 

6  week  hire  of  a  cook      .     .        6.7.6 

Sheep  skin  to  clean  silver     .         2.00 

£23.27.7  63.70 

Ditto  p'd  I.  k  E.  Pennington  for  sugar  28.86 
D^   pd.  B*.  Dorsey  for  candles  as  per 

bill 22.58 

D*.  p'd  for  a  bbl.  of  Soap 8.00    244.31 

2ith  

Conting't  Exp's.  D'.  to  Cash. 

gave  a  poor  beggar  pr.  order    ....        1.00 
p'd.  for  play  tickets  for  Eliz,  Ellen.  &  WV 

Custis 3.00 

p'd  freight  of  2  Casks  of  seed  to  Alex- 
andria                1.26        5.25 

eeth 

Sundries  D'.  to  Cash. 

Conting't  Exp's.  delivd  to  Mrs.  Wash- 
ington to  pay  a  bill 42.46 

D*.  gave  a  beggar  pr.  order      ....        2.00 

The  Presidt's  acco't  proper  p'd  for  8  bush 
of  Clover  seed  k  a  Cask  to  send  to 
Mount  Vernon 36.60 


if 

468  WaMngiiyn:^  Household  Account  Book,  1793^1797. 

Stable  Exp's.  gave  John  to  buy  \  yd. 

Coating  k  a  whip  Staff 1.00      82.05 

28ih  

Conting't  Exp's.  D'.  to  Caeh. 

p'd  Jno.  McElwee  for  a  Japan'd  toilet 

Glass  for  Mrs.  Washington   ....      20. 
Deliv'd   Mrs.    Washington    to   give    a 

French  woman ^  .     .      26.  45.00 

March  Snd. 

yf  Sundries  D'.  to  Cash. 

If  Fred  Kitt,  deliv'd  him  to  pay  his  weekly 

jlr  acco't 183.90 

I '.  House  Exp's.  p'd.  Fred  Ett  on  acco't  of 

j*  wages 40.00 

7  T)\  p'd.  by  F.  Kitt  for  6  cd's  of  wood 

cutting  etc £15.10.0 

a  woman  for  7  days  washing    .     1.18 
1^  mos.  wages  to  !Etchen  maid     2.6.10 


1 '/ 


I 


£19.4.10  51.31 
J)\  p'd.  L  &  E.  Pennington  for  105  lb. 

sugar 26.67 

J)\  p'd.  for  bbl.  lamp  Oil 16.44 

D*.  p'd.  for  a  box  of  brown  Soap    .     .     .  12.80 

D*.  for  sweeping  chimneys  in  full     .     .  20.60 
Contg't  Exp's.  pd  by  F.  Kitt  3  pr.  stock- 
ings for  footman  15/.  and  for  mending 

glass  ware  7/9 2.50    858.12 

.    Srd. 

Sundries  D'.  to  Cash. 

House  Exp's.  p'd.  Jno  Gaceer  a  months 

wages 11.00 

Contingt  Exp's.  pd.  for  the  American 
Repository  for  the  President     ...  .50      11-50 


Wia^hington'a  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797.  469 

7ih  

Conting't  Exp's.  D'.  to  Caeh. 

p'd.  for  box  New  Theatre 8.00 

p'd.  for  the  President  Mrs.  Washington 

etc  to  see  Peale's  Museum    ....       1.50        9.60 

9th  


Sundries  D'.  to  Cash 

Fred  Kitt  delivd  him  to  pay  his  weekly 

account's 151.08 

Stable  Exp's.  pd.  for  18c  2.  qre  of  Hay     18.50    169.53 

10th  

Sundries  D'.  to  Cash. 

Conting't  Exp's.  p'd.  Mrs  Smart  for  sun- 
dries for  Mrs.  Washington  and  Miss 

Ell.  Custis 158.32 

D**.  gave  a  beggar  by  order  of  Mrs  W.    .        1.00 
House  Exp's.  pd.  Jas  Anthony  k  Son  for 

a  Cask  of  Lamp  Oil 25.60    184.92 

11th  

Sundries  D'.  to  Cash. 

The  Presidents  acco't  proper  p'd.  Run- 
del   &  Miergatroyd    for     778  Ellp's 

Oznab's  @  1/5  1/2 151.28 

D*.  lent  Mr.  Chas  L.  Carter  by  order  of 
the  President  (to  be  repaid  on  his  re- 
turn from  the  East  Indies)     .     .     .    200.00 
Contingt  Exp's,  p'd.  for  a  play  ticket  for 
Eliz    Custis— &    2    do.    for    Eliz    k 
Elean.  omitted 3.00     854.28 

ISth  

Contingt  Exp's  D'.  to  Cash. 

p'd.  for  freight  of  sunds'.  from  here  to 

Alexa 2.24 

p'd.  Jno  Penno  in  full  to  End  of  1794  for 

the  Gazette  of  the  U.  States     .     .     .        8.66  10 .90 


470  Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S--1797. 

Uih  

Sund's.                                       D'.  to  Cash. 
Coiiting't  Exp's,  delivd  to   Mrs  Wash- 
ington     27.63 

Stable  Exps— p'd  for  6  bash,  of  Shorts        2.80 

30.43 

16ih  

Sundries  D'.  to  Cash 

Fred  Kitt,  delivd  him  to  pay  his  weekly 

accounts 252.81 

House  Exp's.  pd.  by  P.  Bdtt  for  a  woman 
for  2  weeks  sewing  20/.  do  for  2  days 
washing  8/.  2  hooks  9@  2  pr.  Nut 
crackers  6/.3  milk  pans,  6/.  Lamp  wicks 
2/6.  Sawing  3  cords  of  wood  14.  haul- 
ing 2  do.  9/.  6  Cord's  of  Wood  wharf- 
age etc.  26  8/2@  

£16,7,6.     48.66    296.47 

17ih  

Conting't  Exp's.  D'.  to  Cash 

p'd.  D'.  Spencer  for  attend'g  Miss  &  Mr. 

Custis  &  for  tooth  powder     ....  10.00 

p'd.  for  repairing  and  putting  up  2  stoves  8.00 
p'd  M.  Carey  for  adding  2  maps  to  War 

Atlas  for  the  President .60 

p'd.  Gun  Smith  for  cleaning  W.  Custis 

Gun 90     14.40 

17ih  

Cash — ^Dr  to  the  Treasury  of  the  TJ. 
States  Rec'd  on  acco't  of  the  Presi- 
dents Compensation 2000. 

19ih 

Conting't  Exp's.  D'  to  Cash. 

p'd  Cenas  for  instructing  Miss  El'  Custis 

in  drawing 16. 

gave  a  beggar  by  order 2.  17.00 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797.  471 

2Srd  

Sundries  D'.  to  Cash 

Fred  Ett  delivd  him  to  pay  his  weekly 

accounts' 158.46 

House  Exp's.  p'd   by  P.  K.  for   8^  cords 

wood,  hauling  etc.    .     .     .     JC28.11.7 

Corn  for  fowls,  pr.  bill       ...    1.  2.4 

a  box  Candles 3.  6.0 

^bbleSoap 12.6 

£28.12.5—76.38 
J>\    p'd  for    a  bbl   of   Flour    had    at 

Germantown 7.7 

House  Exp's.  bo't.   Ben't   D^^  for    a 

bbl.  bro.  sugar 35.00 

D^  p'd  I.  &  E.  Pennington  for  75***  sugar 

&  27**'  of  d'ble  sugar 28.28 

Conting't  Exp's,  gave  a  poor  woman,  by 

Mrs.  W"  order 1.00 

D^  p'd.  by  F.  Kitt  for  pair  rollers  for 

the  President H  .lid 

Mending  serv'ts  shoes      ...        8.  6 

bleeding  sert's 12.  6 

glazing  windows 4.  8 

Castor  oil  etc  for  sick  servants  .        4.  2 

2  brushes 4.  9 

rotten  stone  to  clean  andirons  etc    1. 
Lead- water  for  sick  girl  ...        1. 

£1.17.6 
D^  p'd  D'.  Shippen  his  acco't  in  fall  .     .      45.5      356.09 

^ih  

Conting't  Exp's.  Dr.  to  Cash. 

Gave  Oney  by  order  of  Mrs.  Washington 

to  pay  for  making  a  gown     ....  .60 

p'd.  for  2  play  tickets  for  Eliz  &  E  Custis        2.00        2.60 


472  Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797. 


SOth 


i 


4 

i 


Sundries  D'.  to  Cash. 

Conting't  Exp's.  p'd  Mr.  M.  Dennott, 
for  Expenses  of  the  President  when  at 
Bedford  last  fall,  the  account  there 
p'd.  having  been  found  to  be  erroneous 

D*.  p'd.  Sam'l  M'Lear  in  fall  for  leather 
breeches  etc 

D'.  p'd.  Chas  Kirkham  for  14J  yd's  linen 

D*.  p'd.  do  for  th^.  etc 

D^  p'd.  for  making  shirts  for  Henry  . 

D*.  p'd.  Thos  Passmore  pr'.  bill     .     . 

D^  deliv'd.  Mrs.  Washington    .     .     . 

House  Exps'.  p'd  Martin  Kline  in  fall 

D*.  p'd.  for  6  cd's  of  wood  etc        .     . 

D*.  p'd  by  Fred  Kitt,  for  1  mos  hire  of 
a  Edtchen  maid  3/6  4  brushes  6/6  6yds, 
house  cloths  5/.  whitting  &  paper  7/. 
a  woman  for  clean,  ye  house  4/.  2  rat 
traps  4/6 £3-4.6 

Fred  Kitt,  deliv'd,  him  to  pay  his  weekly 
a/c't 

Slst  


18.03 

19.33 

4.84 

2.41 

2.08 

2.18 

26.33 

20.00 

88.37 


House  Exp's.  D'.  to  Cash 

p'd.  Pat  Kennedy  two  mos.  wages     .     . 

p'd.  Mrs.  Emerson  6  mo's  I>\  8  of  a"*  in 

advance 

April  Isi  


Sundries  D'.  to  Cash 

Conting't  Exp's,  p'd.  for  Millers  Guide 

for  the  President 

House  Exp's.  p'd.  Fred  Kitt  on  acco't  of 

his  wages 

Snd  

Sundries  Dr  to  Cash 

Conting't  Exp's.  p'd  Robert  Coe  in  fall 


8.60 
95.84    236.96 

22.00 

66.66      88.66 

3.00 
20.00      28.00 


.  Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797.  473 

for  brushes — ^pr.  bill 17.34 

D*  p'd  Is.  McAlpine  in  full  for  tayloring  162.66 

D^  pd  J.  Sharpless  in  full  for  sundries  3.40 
D^  p'd.  Dr.  Kuhn  in  full  for  attending 

etc 43.00 

Stable  Exp's.  p'd  for  9  bush  shorts  .  .  4.20 
House  Exp's  p'd  Henry  Bohlen  a  quarters 

wages 24.00    264.60 

ith  

Contingt  Exp's.  D'.  to  Cash 

P'd.  Walter  Johnson  in  advance  for  a 

Coachee  for  the  President     ....  100. 

6th   

Sundries  D'.  to  Cash. 

Contingt  Exp's.  p'd.  John  Whitesides  for 

sund's.  per  bill  &  Rx 66.38 

D*.  p'd  by  F.  !Ktts  for  shoes  for  servants 

pr  bill  48/8,  hair  ribbon  1/10  Nurse 

for  Wilhelmena  12/ —   8.38 

D*.  gave  a  beggar  by  the  Ps'  order  .  .  1.10 
D*.  p'd  B.  P.  Bache  in  full  for  his  paper 

to  the  first  inst 26. 

Fred  Eitt  deliv'd  him  to  purchase  sunds  146.96 
House  Exp's.  p'd  by  P  K  for  a  box  of 

Candles  48  lb £4.10.0 

Cutting  three  cords  wood.  16/6 

Beer  glasses 16/. 

Sand 10/.— 18.67 

D^  p'd  Jas.  Andr6  on  acco't  of  wages    .      26.00    289.88 

7th  

Sundries  D'.  to  Cash 

Contg't  Exp's.  p'd  for  a  qr's  tuition  of 

G.  W.  Custis 6.38 

House  Exp's.  p'd.  F.  Ritt  on  acco't  of 

wages 20.00 


I 


I 


I 


474  Washington' ^  Household  Account  Book,  179S^1797. 

D*.  p'd.  Mary  Letter  for  washing  %\ 

moB 19.60 

D^  I.  &  Edw.  Pennington  for  sugar — pr. 

bai 85.94      80.77 

nth 

Sundries  D'  to  Cash. 

Conting't  Exp's.  p'd.  John  Clarke  in  full 

for  sundry  jo'bs  pr.  bill 27.40 

D^  p'd.  for  pen  knife  for  the  President        1.25 
Stable   Exp's.  p'd.  W-  Crouch  for  14f 

cwtofHayetc 16.27      43.92 

ISih  

Sundries  D'.  to  Cash. 

Fred    K3tt,    delivd    him     to    purchase 

sund's 144.46 

House  Exp's.   p'd.   by  F.   K.   for   two 

Cords   of  wood    cutting  etc.  £4.15.2 

\\  mo*  wages  of  a  cook  £7.17.6  4  lb 

of  Paint  8/9, 

£12.16.5  34.20 
D*.  p'd  Jno.  Gaceer  a  mos.  wages  .  .  11.00 
D^  p'd.  Henry  Bohlen  in  full  ....  8.00 
Contingt  Exp's.   p'd.  by   F.   K.    for    2 

brushes  5/7J,  Pomatum  4/8.  2  hand'fe 

for  John  6/ •     .     .        2.04 

D*'**  deliv'd  to  the  President  when  going 

to  Virginia  60  Guen 287.11 

D^  deliv'd  to  Mrs  Washington      .     .     .    160.        686.80 

Cash Yy.  to  the  President  of  the  U.  S 

Rec'd.  on  acco't  of  the  Presidents  Com- 
pensation    600.00 

May  4,th  

Sundries  D'.  to  Cash. 


^^  Conting't  Exp's.  p'd.  B.  Dandridge  balce' 

J  of  acco't  of  exp's.  going  to  M*  Vernon      19.87 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  1793-1797.  475 

D'.  p'd.  for  a  box  in  the  New  Theatre        8.00 

D****  p'd  by  F.  Kitt  for  a  pair  of  Shoes 
for  Henry  &  for  a  hatt  £1.13.6  black- 
ing for  shoes  1/11  brushes  6/9  Wax 
1/10  paper  3/.  hair  Rollers  1/.  John 
Phile  p'r.  bill  3.  7.  6.     .     .     .     £6.56      16.74 

Fred  Kitt  deliv'd,  him  to  pay  his  weekly 

acco't  from  the  13*^  of  April      .     .     .    267.92 

House  Exp's.  p'd  by  F.  Kitt  for  5  J  Cords 
of  wood  etc  £14.3.11  1  days  washing 
4/.  4  do  Whitewash  30/.  15  das  cook- 
ing—bill 13.14.3  Cutting  wood  7/6     . 


£32.12.2      86.95 

Ditto  pd  6  bar  apples 18.        416.98 

Cash— D'.  to  the  Treasury  of  the  U. 
States  Rec'd  on  acco't  of  the  Presi- 
dents Compensation 1500.00 

7th  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash. 

Gave  a  beggar  by  order  1.00     ....        1.00 
House    Exp's.    p'd.   Pat    Kennedy    his 

wages  in  full 13.75      14.75 

Sth  


Sundries  D'.  to  Cash 

House  Exp's.  p'd  for  22  cords'  of 
Hickorywood  &  one  cord  of  Oak  & 
wharfage  @  7.50 71.02 

D^  p'd.  Fred  Kitt  on  acco't.  of  wages      50. 

Stable  Exp's.  p'd.  for  12  bush  of  shortB        6.40 

D'.  p'd  for  50  bundl's  of  straw      .     .     .        4.00    231.42 

gth  


Sundrie's  D'.  to  Cash. 

House    Exp's    p'd  Jno   Qticeer   a   mos 

wages 11.00 


>( 


I 


*  476  Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  179S-1797. 

'■'  Contg't  Exp's.  p'd.  Jno  Fenno  for  Benj. 

:•  Russell  for  the  Columbia  dentinal  .     .        2.35 

D*.  gave  a  beggar  by  order 1.50      14.85 

11th  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

Fred  Bjtt,  deliv'd  him  to  pay  his  weekly 

j  acco't 162.68 

>  House  Exp's.  p'd  by  F.  K.  for   1  mos 

'  washing  45/.  8  days  kitchen  wok  13/6 

i  piling  4  1/3  5  lb  paint  5/.  hauling  23 

cords  wood  103/6  1  days  hire  of  a  cook 

15/.  

£11.3.3       29.76 
p'd.   by  F.  Kitt  for   drayage  of    a  box 
from  Wharf    1/10  Box  of   pills'  3/9, 

shoes  for  servts  18/9 3.24 

D*.  p'd.  for  2  pr'  stockings  &  2  fronts  for 

John  &  Henry 3.00    198.58 

Uth 

Contg't  Expens  D'.  to  Cash. 

^  5  Paid  T.  Stephens  for  books  for  President      18. 

.f  p''.  H  &  P.  Rice  for  do  for  do    ...     .        9.88      27.88 

15th  

Conting't  Exp's.  !>:.  .to  Cash. 

The  Presidents  acco't  proper — pd  Ellis. 

Yamell  for  2doz  Cradling  Syths  1  doz 

?  Grass  do 37.33 

^  p'd.  for  63  bb.  of  Sheet  Iron  to  send  to 

^  Mt.  Vernon 7.00     44.88 

i  16th  

•  Contingt  Exp's.  D^.  to  Caah. 

For  box  at  New  Theatre 8.00 

18th  

i  Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash 

^r  Fred  Kitt  deliv'd  him  to  purchase  sund's    146.04 

\  ]  House  Exp's.  p'd.  by  F.  K.  for  2  days 


f 


Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  1793-1797.  477 

hire  for  a  cook  30/.  2  salt  glasses  5/.  2 
bowles  8/3.  1  silver  brush  3/3  Gallahr 
for  wine  glasses  55/. 

£7.9.6      19.93 

House  Exp's.  p'd.  Ben't  Dorsey  in  full  for 

Groceries  pr.  bill 27.40 

Conting't  Exp's  p'd  by  F.  K  for  6  lb  of 
hair  powder  k  3  pots  of  pomatum  for 
the  President 1.60 

D*.  gave  a  poor  woman  by  order   .     .     .        1.50    196.47 

eoth 

Sundries  D'.  to  Cash. 

House    Exp^s.    p^d.    Eliz   Simpson   her 

wages  in   full 23.33 

Contg't  Exp's.  gave  Molly  to  buy  stock- 
ings for  her  self  &  Oney  by  order.  3.56      26.83 

eist  

Contg't  Exp's.  Dr.  to  Cash 

Ghtve  a  poor  woman  by  order  of  the 

President 1.00 

p'd.  Dan'l  Hading  for  muff  etc  by  order 

of  Mrs.  Washington 42.33      43.33 

e2nd  

Contingt  Exp's  D'.  to  Cash. 

Gave    to    a  poor    Frenchman    by  the 

Presidents  order 2.60 

p'd.  for  a  phial  of  Red  Ink  k  an  oz.  of 

pomice —   .60        2.50 

eSrd  

Stable  Exp's.  D;.  to  Cash. 

Paid  for  67  bush,  ot  Oats 32.35 

26th  

Sundries  Dr.  to  Cash. 

Fred  Kitt,  delivd  him  to  purchase  sund- 
ries for  the  House 140.02 

House  Exp's.  p'd.  by  F.  K.  for  4  bush 


1 


478  Washington's  Household  Account  Book,  1798^1707. 

sand  6/.  2  days  hire  of  a  cook  80/.  1 
month  hire  for  a  washwoman  45/.  2 

days  kitchen  work  9/ 

£4.10.12      12.00 
Ditto  p'd.  James   Andre'   on   accot  of 

wages 11.00 

Contgt  Exp's  p'd.  by  F.  K  on  a  keg  of 
nuts  from  N.  Orleans  12/3,  shoes  for 
John  &  mend'g  shoes  19/6 — 8  yds  of 
linen  for  the  mangle     ....     80/ 

£3.2.8       8.35 
Ditto  gave  G.  W.  Custis  to  buy  powder 
fl!  &  shot  pr.  order 25    171.62 

ii|-  ^th 

Sundries  D'.  to  Cash 

Contingt  Exp's.   p'd.   for  box  at  New 

Theatre 8.00 

Stable  exp's.  p'd  for  6  bush's  of  shorts       3.60      11.60 

28th  

Sundries  D'.  to  Cash. 

Contg't  Exp's.  p'd  H'y  Capron  for  teach- 

'!  f-  ing  Nelly  Custis  music 21.33 

D*.  p'd.  for  8  yds  cotton — pr.  bill  for  a 

gown  for  Wilhelmena 4.83 

D*.  deliv'd  to  Mrs.  Washington     ...      45.75 
D^  pd  Parry  &  Musgrove  for  a  Jacket  & 
'  if  sleeve  buttons  for  Mrs  W     .     .     .     .      17.00 

\  House  Exp's.  p'd  I.  &  8.  Pennington  for 

J  sugar  pr  bill 49.87 

^  D^  p'd.  Ross  &  Simson  for  220  lb— best 

y  Coffee 55. 

\  D'.  p'd  Ben't  Dorsey  for  Groceries     .     .      26.79 

D*.  p'd.  for  a  box  of  candl's  k  a  bbl.  of 

Soap  pr.  bill 16.08    236.65 

(To  be  continued) 


t 

il 


.;; 


% 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania.  479 


ATKINSON  FAMILIES    OF    BUCKS    COUNTY,   PBNN- 
SYLVANIA. 

BY  OLIVEB  HOUGH. 
(Continaed  from  page  847.) 

14.  Joseph  Atkinson,  son  of  William  and  Mary  (Hough) 
Atkinson,  was  born  10  mo.  5, 1716,  in  the  town  of  Bristol, 
Bucks  County,  lived  there  all  his  life,  and  died  there  in  the 
early  part  of  1781.  He  succeeded  his  fietther  as  one  of 
Bristol's  leading  citizens;  besides  his  activity  in  public  and 
meeting  afifdrs,  he  conducted  a  cooperage  business,  which 
in  Bristol,  as  in  Philadelphia,  has  always  been  a  business 
esteemed  fit  for  well-bom  men  to  engage  in,  and  one  which 
has  founded  the  fortunes  of  many  prominent  families  in 
both  cities.  Joseph  Atkinson  became  quite  wealthy  by  it, 
and  purchased  considerable  real  estate  in  the  town. 

By  deed  ^  of  Oct.  13,  1747,  Joseph  Atkinson  bought  of  Samuel 
CSarey  of  Newtown,  and  Sarah  his  wife,  a  house  and  lot  in  Bristol  bor- 
ough (size  not  mentioned)  which  had  been  sold  by  John  Hall  and 
Hannah  his  wife  to  Samson  Carey  and  left  by  him  to  Samuel  Carey. 

On  2  mo.  (April)  27,  1749,  he  bought'  of  the  executors  of  Benjamin 
Harris,  the  4  acres  in  Bristol  Township,  that  his  &ther,  William  Atkin- 
son, had  sold  Harris,  July  24,  1714.  This  Joseph  sold*  to  John 
Baldwin  on  Feb.  6,  1755. 

By  deed«  of  July  18,  1749,  Adam  Harker  of  Middletown  Township 
sold  Joseph  Atkinson,  two  lots  in  Bristol  borough,  one  of  10  acres  on 
Mill  Street,  the  other  of  4  acres  adjoining,  both  on  the  road  from 
Otter's  Bridge  to  Bristol. 

As  one  of  his  father's  executors,  Joseph  Atkinson  joined  the  other, 


1  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  10,  page  87. 

'  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  9,  page  276.    This  deed  is  not  dated,  but  the 
receipt  is  dated  as  above. 

*  Bucks  County  Deed  Book  9,  page  277. 

*  Bucks  County  Deed  Book  10,  page  89. 


>: 


•J 


I 


480  AtkvMon  Families  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania. 

nster  Bachel,  and  her  hiubaiid  Thomas  Stapler,  in  selling '  their  brother 
William  Atkinson,  Jr.,  Feb.  18,  1758,  the  lot  on  the  north  side  of  Mill 
Street,  Bristol,  that  their  &ther  had  bought  from  John  Borradftflein  171 S. 

On  August  17,  1759,  Anthony  Wilson,  of  Middletown  Township, 
sold'  Joseph  Atkinson  a  lot  wide  on  south  side  of  Baddiife  Street, 
Bristol,  going  back  48  feet  to  low  water  mark  in  the  Delaware  BiTer, 
next  to  Anthony  Burton's  lot 

On  March  26, 1762,  the  same  Anthony  Wilson  (then  of  Bristol  bor- 
ough), and  Anne  his  wife,  sold  *  Joseph  Atkinson  two  lots  in  Bristol  bor- 
ough, devised  to  said  Anne  by  her  &ther,  Henry  Nelson  of  Middletown* 
One  of  these  was  the  last  mentioned. 

'  '  Joeeph  AtkinBon  was  elected  a  Common  Councilman  of 

Bristol  in  1749  and  served  until  1755,  in  which  year  he  was 
■  ;•  '  made  Second  Burgess,  which  position  he  held  for  three 

I J  {  years  1755, 1756  and  1757;  at  the  expiration  of  this  time, 

1  in  1758,  he  resumed  his  place  as  a  Councilman,  holding 

f  office  until  1775,  when  the  Revolution  upset  the  old  corpo- 

ration.   He  was  in  office  continuously  27  years. 
1^  :  In  the  afl^rs  of  Falls  Monthly  Meeting  he  was  quite  as 

prominent  as  his  father,  his  particular  meeting  being  like- 
wise that  of  Bristol.  During  Joseph's  time  it  became  cus- 
tomary to  send  regular  representatives  from  the  particular 
to  the  monthly  meeting,  though  of  course,  all  members 
were  privileged  to  attend  the  latter,  as  before.  He  first 
appeared  as  representative  from  Bristol  Meeting  at  the  Falls 
Monthly  Meeting  of  4  mo.  7,  1756,  and  very  frequently 
afterwards.  He  was  appointed  an  overseer  for  Bristol 
Meeting  1  mo.  7, 1756/6. 
J ..  Between  1746  and  1766  he  served  on  about  40  commit>- 

'.  '  tees  of  Falls  Monthly  Meeting,  and  doubtless  on  a  propor- 

^  tionate  number  during  the  rest  of  his  life,  (the  minutes  not 

\  having  been  examined  on  this  point  aft;er  the  latter  year). 

Some  of  these  and  similar  services  were: 

At  a  monthly  meeting  held  11  mo.  1,  1745/6.  William  Atkinson 
being  the  only  Burviving  trustee  of  the  grave  ground,  it  was  agreed 


f 


1^ 

I: 


>  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  10,  page  55. 
'  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  10,  page  202. 
'Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  11,  page  148. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania,  481 

that  the  deed  be  renewed  again  and  placed  in  trust  to  Joseph  Atkinson 
and  others  ;  see  deed  below. 

2  mo.  2,  1746.  Joseph  Atkinson  appointed  one  of  the  trustees  for 
the  bequest  of  John  Large. 

9  mo.  1,  1756.  The  subscriptions  of  Friends  of  Makefield  toward 
repairs  of  Bristol  Meeting  House  put  in  care  of  Joseph  Atkinson. 

3  mo.  7,  1764.  Rules  of  Discipline  loaned  to  Joseph  Atkinson  for 
one  month. 

12  mo.  5,  1764.  Joseph  Atkinson  one  of  a  committee  on  the  pro- 
posal to  build  an  addition  to  the  Meeting  House. 

Besides  the  trusteeships  by  appointment  of  the  monthly  meeting  he 
was  custodian  of  other  money  for  Friends  :  John  Harker  of  Moreland 
Township,  Philadelphia  County,  by  will  (dated  March  7,  1755,  proved 
May  5,  1755)  ^  left  a  sum  of  money  to  Thomas  Stapler  and  Joseph 
Atkinson,  of  Bristol,  Bucks  County,  in  trust  for  the  ''Quaker  Meeting 
Houses''  at  Bristol  and  *'Bybary." 

As  trustee  of  real  estate  of  Falls  Monthly  Meeting  he 
took  part  in  the  following  transfers : 

On  May  18,  1738,  Joseph  Kirkbride,  William  Blakey,  Samuel  Bunt- 
ing, John  Hutchinson,  Jr.,  Thomas  Marriott,  Jr.,  and  Joseph  Atkin- 
son, were  trustees  to  whom  William  Atkinson,  survivor  of  former 
trustees,  conveyed '  two  lots  in  Bristol  borough,  one  of  4  acres  and  one 
of  19  perches  at  the  comer  of  Market  and  Wood  Streets.  By  deed  * 
of  12  mo.  7,  1774,  Joseph  Atkinson,  sole  survivor  of  the  above,  con- 
veyed the  same  premises  to  Phineas  Buckley,  Richard  Hartshome, 
William  Bidgood,  Jr.,  James  Moon,  Jr.,  John  Hutchinson  and  Joseph 
Balderston,  the  new  trustees.     This  was  Samuel  Carpenter's  gift. 

On  Feb.  1,  1745,  (by  virtue  of  the  meeting's  order  quoted  above) 
William  Atkinson,  survivor  of  former  trustees,  conveyed  ^  a  tract  5 
perches  square  in  Falls  Township,  (John  Rowland's  gift)  to  the  new 
trustees  Thomas  Watson,  Joseph  Wharton,  Edmund  Lovett  and  Joseph 
Atkinson.  By  deed*  of  9  mo.  15,  1778,  Thomas  Watson  being 
deceased,  the  three  last-mentioned,  as  survivors,  conveyed  this  lot  to 


>  Phila.  Co.  Will  Book  K,  page  292. 
•Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  10,  page  181 ;  recorded  1760. 
'Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  17,  page 208. 

*  Deed  not  found  on  record,  but  &ct  recited  in  deed  of  9  mo.  15, 
1773,  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  17,  page  213. 
» Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  17,  page  218. 
VOL.  XXX. — 31 


i 


i» 


li  482  Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ^  Pennsylvania. 

I  Mmrk  Watoon,  Edward  Bayley,  Jr.,  Samuel  Brown,  John  Brown,  Jr., 

j  aod  Mosea  Moon. 

{  Joaeph's  tnmafer,  12  mo.  7,  1774,  aa  ion  and  heir  of  William  Atkin- 

!  son,  last  Burviying  trustee,  of  the  Janney  and  Burgess  gifta,  to  new 

trustees  has  been  mentioned  under  William  Atkinson. 

'j  Joseph  Atkinson  was  chosen  as  a  representative  firom 

J  Falls  Monthly  to  Buck's  Quarterly  Meeting,  8  mo.  7, 1746; 

:;  9  mo.  6,  1751,  0.  8.;  2  mo.  5, 1752,  K  8.;  and  from  that 

time,  on  an  average  of  at  least  one  quarterly  meeting   a 

year,  until  his  death. 

By  his  wilV  dated  11  mo.  6,  1780,  proved  May  4,  1781, 

(;  he  left  one-third  of  his  estate  to  his  wife  8arah,  and  the 

/ 1  remainder  to  his  children  Mary,  Elizabeth,  Anne,  Joseph, 

Archibald,  James  and  Abigail. 
Joseph  Atkinson  married  first,  10  mo.  [Dec]  8, 1748,  at 
; :  Burlington  Meeting,*  Jennet  Cowgill,  of  the  City  of  Burl- 

jj  ington,   daughter  of   Edmund    Cowgill,    then    deceased. 

Joseph  had  asked  Falls  Mo.  Mtg.  6  mo.  3, 1743,  for  a  cer- 
tificate to  Burlington  Mo.  Mtg.  to  accomplish  this  marriage; 
it  was  granted  7  mo.  3. 

There  were  a  number  of  early  settlers  named  Cowgill  in 
J  f  i  Burlington  County  and  Bucks  County  whose  relationship 

has  not  been  definitely  settled.  Ellen  Cowgill,  widow,  and 
"family"  (names  not  given  in  record),  arrived  in  the 
"Welcome"  with  William  Penn,  and  settled  in  Bucks 
County.  Ralph  Cowgill  arrived  in  the  "Friends  Adven- 
ture," 7  mo.  28, 1682  and  settled  in  Bucks  County;  later  he 
married,  first,  8arah,  daughter  of  Randall  Blackshaw,  of 
Bucks  County,  and  second,  8arah  Pancoast  of  the  town  of 
A  Burlington;  after  which  he  moved  to  Burlington  County. 

Jane  Cowgill,  of  Neshamina,  Bucks  County,  married  8  mo. 
25,  1685,  at  the  house  of  Nicholas  Wain,'  8tephen  8and8, 
of  the  same  place;  among  the  witnesses  was  John  Cowgill. 


f  1 


'; 


\  1  Bucks  Co.  Will  Book  4,  page  112, 

'  Register  of  Burlington  Mo.  Mtg. 
*  Register  of  Middletown  Mo.  Mtg. 


)■■ 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County y  Pennsylvania.  483 

Jennett  Cowgill,  married  12  mo.  2,  1687,  at  Burlington 
Meeting  House,*  Bernard  Lane,  both  of  Burlington;  John 
and  Ralph  Cowgill,  Stephen  and  Jane  Sands  among  the 
witnesses.  John  Cowgill  married  first  8  mo.  19, 1693,  at 
Neshamina  Meeting,^  Bridget,  daughter  of  Thomas  and 
Agnes  (Hathornthwaite)  Croasdale,  of  Neshamina,  also 
"Welcome"  passengers;  second,  1703,  Rachel,  widow  of 
Job  Bunting,  and  daughter  of  Henry  Baker ;  see  note  D. 
Edmund  Cowgill,  of  Newtown  Township,  Bucks  County, 
married  3  mo.  29,  1702,  at  Middletown  Meeting,*  Cath- 
arine Blaker,  of  said  county;  (they  had  a  son,  Ed- 
mund, b.  1.  10.  1702/3,  d.  1.  22.  1702/3)';  Catharine 
died  2  mo.  2,  1703'  and  Edmund  then  moved  to  Bur- 
lington, where,  in  1707,  he  married  Ann  Osborne*;  Jen- 
net, wife  of  Joseph  Atkinson  was  no  doubt  daughter  by 
this  second  marriage.  As  the  dates  of  the  marriages  of 
Jane,  Jennet,  John  and  Edmund  above  show  they  must 
have  been  born  abroad,  they  were  most  likely  the  children 
of  Ellen  Cowgill,  widow,  of  the  "  Welcome,"  whose  family 
is  stated  to  have  accompanied  her,  but  whose  names  are  not 
given  in  the  record  of  arrival.  Ralph  was  probably  an 
older  son.  This  is  borne  out  to  some  eirtent  by  their  sign- 
ing each  other's  marriage  certificates,  as  mentioned,  and  it 
has  been  proven  that  Ralph  was  brother  to  Jennet  Lane, 
so  similar  relationship  of  the  rest  is  reasonably  certain. 

At  Falls  Monthly  Meeting  3  mo.  2,  1744,  a  certificate 
for  Jennet  Atkinson  from  Burlington  Monthly  Meeting, 
was  read  and  received.  She  was  appointed  on  committees 
of  Falls,  3  mo.  7, 1746;  8  mo.  5,  and  9  mo.  2, 1748;  7  mo. 
4, 1751;  and  8  mo.  7,  1754.  She  was  appointed  an  over- 
seer for  Bristol  Meeting  11  mo.  7,  1758;  and  on  1  mo.  2, 
1760  Ruth  Buckley  and  Sarah  Large  were  appointed  over- 
seers in  room  of  Jennet  Atkinson,  deceased,  and  Rachel 

^  Register  of  Burlington  Mo.  Mtg. 
'Register of  Middletown  Mo.  Mtg. 
'  Register  of  Middletown  Mo.  Mtg. 
^  Proposed  intentions  8  mo.  6,  1707  ;  minutes  of  Burlington  Mo.  Mtg. 


i; 


484  Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania. 

Stapler,  removed.  The  latter  was  Joseph  Atkinson's  sister 
Rachel,  who  had  married  Thomas  Stapler. 

Joseph  Atkinson  married  second,  April  13,  1762,  Sarah 

Silver*;    though    of    a  Burlington    County    family     she 

appeared  with  Joseph  at   Falls    Monthly    Meeting    and 

declared  intentions  of  marriage  3  mo.  3  and  4  mo.  7,  1762. 

The   names   of  her  parents  are   unknown  to  the  present 

V\  writer*;   some  of   her    near  relatives   moved   to   Harford 

*  \  County,  Maryland,  where  the  fiimily  has  long  been  promi- 

l\  nent.     Sarah  Atkinson  was   appointed  on   committees  of 

l\  Falls  Monthly  Meeting  10  mo.  5,  and  11  mo.  2, 1768;  4  mo. 

6,  5  mo.  4  and  11  mo.  2,  1774. 

Joseph  Atkinson  had  issue,  (the  first  three  by  first  wife, 
and  the  rest  by  second)  : 

29.  Mary   Atkinson,  b.  .     Mar. Watson, 

before  1787. 

30.  Elizabeth  Atkinson,  b. .     Unmar.  1787. 

31.  Annb  Atkinson,  b.    .      Mar.  Shaw, 

before  1787. 

Elizabeth  and  Anne  applied  to  FallB  Mo.  Mtg.  5  mo.  1,  1771^  for  a 
;' ''  certificate  to  Burlington  Mo.  Mtg.  which  was  granted  8  mo.  7. 

J  r  32.    Joseph  Atkinson,  b.  

'  f\  Mar.  5  mo.  22,  1788,  at  Plumstead  Meeting,  Rachel  Child,*  daugh- 

ter of  Isaac,  of  Abington  Township,  Montgomery  County.  Isaac  Child, 
a  minister  of  Friends,  was  son  of  Cephas  and  Mary  (Atkifuan)  Child; 
the  latter  was  of  the  Christopher  and  John  Atkinson  £Eimily,  which  see. 

33.     Archibald  Atkinson,  b. 

A  Revolutionary  Soldier. 


;:! 


I 


;  I 


^Minutes  of  Falls  Mo.  Mtg.  5  mo.  5,  1762,  when  the  marriage  waa 

reported  as  accomplished  on  the  13th  of  the  last  month. 

\  \  '  She  was  perhaps  a  cousin  of  Joseph's  first  wife  Jennet  Cowgill.     At 

\  Chesterfield  Mo.  Mtg.  (Burlington  County)  2  mo.  7,  1720,  Archibald 

^  Silver  and  Mary  Cowgill,   daughter  of  Ralph  and  Susan,   declared 

intentions  of  marriage ;  these  were  probably  Sarah's  parents,  as  she 
had  a  son  Archibald. 
'  Register  of  Buckingham  Mo.  Mtg. 


1 


\: 


Atkinson  FamUies  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania.  485 

84.  Jambs  Atkinson,  b. 

85.  Abigail  Atkinson,  b. 


Aliscellaneous  Notes,  Page  68.  It  was  hoped  that  before  these  notes 
went  to  press,  the  discovery  of  Thomas  Atkinson's  certificate,  or  at 
least  a  record  of  it  on  the  hooks  of  one  of  the  meetings  he  belonged  to 
in  America,  would  settle  the  question  as  to  whether  it  had  been  issued 
by  Beamsley  particular,  or  Enaresborough  Monthly  Meeting;  but  a 
thorough  search  of  the  records  of  Burlington,  Haddon  field  (formerly 
Gloucester),  Middletown  and  Falls  Monthly  Meetings,  as  well  as  those 
of  Bucks  Quarter,  has  failed  to  disclose  it 

Pages  7£  and  76,  Some  explanation  of  Thomas  and  Jane  Atkinson*s 
change  of  membership  without  certificate  firom  Neshamina  to  Falls  Mo. 
Mtg.  in  1686  is  found  in  the  minutes  of  Bucks  Quarterly  Meeting,  8 
mo.  5,  1686  :  ''It  being  demanded  what  monthly  meeting  the  middle 
lot  should  belong  to  Edmund  Lovet  and  Thomas  Adkinson  two  members 

of  the  said  meeting Reported  that  they  Enclined  to  Joyne  to  the 

monthly  meeting  at  the  fiills  to  wch  this  meeting  assented  and  it  was 
accordingly  agreed  that  they  shold  appertaine  and  joyne  with  the  said 
meeting  at  the  falls."  The  ''middle  lots,"  among  which  Thomas 
Atkinson's  plantation  was  situated,  were  those  between  the  lots  fronting 
on  the  Delaware  River  in  Falls  and  Bristol,  and  the  lots  fronting  on 
Neshaminy  Creek  in  Middletown  and  Bristol,  and  included  lands  in  all 
three  townships. 

NOTE  A. 

Thomas  Atkinson,  of  the  parish  of  Cartmel,  County  Lancaster, 
England,  was  bom,  according  to  statements  in  his  own  writings,  in 
1604 ;  he  was  therefore  much  older  than  the  Thomas  Atkinson  who 
went  firom  Yorkshire  to  America,  but  he  lived  until  after  the  latter  had 
emigrated,  so  there  is  some  danger  of  his  being  mistaken  for  the  latter, 
especially  as  his  gospel  labors  often  extended  into  Yorkshire  and  West- 
moreland, which  adjoined  his  own  county.  For  instance,  among 
epistles  recorded  in  London  Yearly  Meeting,  are  some  signed  by  Thomas 
Atkinson  (and  others) :  one  firom  a  meeting  of  Friends  of  the  northern 
counties  held  at  Scalehouse,  4  mo.  5,  1658 ;  one  firom  a  meeting  at 
Skipton,  4  mo.  29,  1658 ;  and  one  firom  a  meeting  at  Kendal  (West- 
moreland) 1  mo.  9,  1661.  This  Thomas  Atkinson,  of  Lancashire, 
became  quite  prominent  among  Friends  and  ia  supposed  to  have  been  a 
minister  of  their  Society,  though  the  writer  has  seen  no  actual  state- 
ment to  that  effect 

Besse's  Sufferings  of  Friends  relates  several  instances  of  his  persecu- 
tion :    Lancashire,  1659.  Thomas  Atkinson  suffered  imprisonment  for 


486  Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania. 


i\ 


i 


tithes,  5  months.  In  the  same  year,  ''From  John  Barrow,  nomaa 
Athinmm,  James  Taylor,  and  Richard  Fell,  Goods  were  taken  bj  Dia- 
tresses  for  Tithes  to  the  Value  of  27/.  13 «.  2d:*  1668.  Thomaa 
Atkinson  and  others  had  cattle  and  sheep  taken  from  them  by  distrov 
for  tithes.  1672.  Thomas  Atkinson  and  others  suffered  by  distress  of 
cattle  and  goods.  1678.  Thomas  Atkinson  lost  cattle  and  goods  to  the 
value  of  £4.  Other  instances  are  told  in  his  own  writings  (see  below). 
I  First  PubHshers  qf  Truth,  (supplement  to  the  Journal  qf  FriaM  JERs- 

iarieal  Society)  p.  42,  has :  '*  And  in  the  year  1674,  the  sd  John  Wilkin- 
;  son,  John  Bumyeat,  John  Qrave,  John  TiflSn,  Tho  Carleton  A  Tho: 

Atkinson  all  had  meets  at  the  sd  John  Nicholson's  house ; "  this  was  si 
Crosfield,  a  branch  of  Pardshaw  meeting  in  Cumberland.  All  sach 
references  in  Friends'  publications  seem  to  refer  to  the  Lancashire 
Friend,  and  not  to  the  Yorkshire-Pennsylvania  Thomas  Atkinson. 

He  was  author  of  two  works  mentioned  in  Joseph  Smith's  Oaiahgue 
qf  Friends^  Books : 

— ^The  Christian's  Testimony  against  Tythes,  In  an  Account  of  the 
great  Spoil  and  Rapine  committed  by  the  Bishop  of  Chester's  Tythe- 
Farmer,   at  Cartmell,   in  Lancashire,  upon  the  people  there  called 

i\  Quakers,  in  the  years  1677  and  1678.     4  to.     Printed  in  the  year 

f  ;  1678. 

'  i  — ^An  Exhortation  to  all  People.     4  to.     No  printer's  name  or  place. 

[1684.]  <<  Writ  in  the  8*^  month,  in  the  Year  of  Christ,  1684.  And 
in  the  80th  year  of  my  Age.     T.  Atkinson."    A  postscript  is  addressed 

;  to   "  Edward  Wilson,  who  art  a  Justice  qf  Peace,  within  Westmore- 

f\  land." 

The  Christianas  TssHmony  tells  that  Thomas  Preston  (the  younger), 
the  Bishop  of  Chester's  Tythe-Farmer  for  the  parish  of  Cartmel,  came 
to  a  meeting  at  Height  in  that  parish,  8  mo.  7,  1677,  as  it  was  break- 
ing up  and  called  out :  ''  And  where  is  that  Tho.  Atkinson  that  old 
Rogue  of  all  Rogues  t    This  and  such  like  was  the  Language  he  then 

« ;  used  against  an  ancient  grave  Penon  of  Seventy  three  Years  of  Age." 

, '  Thomas  Atkinson  himself  figures  in  other  episodes  in  this  book,  to 

■  which  the  reader  is  referred  for  a  full  account. 

Although  apparently  no  relation  to  the  Yorkshire  Thomas  Atkinson, 
it  seems  very  likely  that  the  Lancashire  Thomas  Atkinson  was  related 
to  Christopher  and  John  the  founders  of  the  other  Bucks  County  Atkin- 
son family,  for  they  lived  not  fiu-  apart  in  the  same  county  and  had  a 
common  religion,  which  was  not  that  of  the  majority  of  their  neigh- 
bors.    The  parish  of  Cartmel,  in  which  Thomas  Atkinson   resided, 

f  is    thus    described   in    Lewis's    Topographical  Didumary   (5th    ed) : 

**CARTMEL  {St  Mary),  a  parish,  in  the  union  of  Ulveestokk, 
hundred  of  Lonsdale,  north  of  the  sands,  N.  Division  of  the  county 
palatine  of  Lakcaster  ;  containing  4924  inhabitants.     The  town  of 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bvcks  County ^  Pennsylvania.  487 

Cartmel  stands  in  the  townships  of  Lower  Allithwaite  and  Upper 
Holker,  14  miles  (n.  w.  by  k.)  from  Liancaster.  The  parish  is  bounded 
on  the  south  by  the  bay  of  Morecambe,  into  which  it  extends  for  a  con- 
siderable distance,  where  at  low  water  there  is  a  passage  over  the  sands 
to  Bolton  :  the  longer  coone  over  these  sands  is  nine  miles ;  the  shorter, 
over  that  part  called  the  Leyen  sands,  is  four  miles."  Morecambe  Bay 
divides  Lancashire  into  two  entirely  unconnected  parts,  the  head  of  the 
bay  running  into  the  County  of  Westmoreland.  Scotforth,  in  Lancaster 
parish,  where  Christopher  and  John  Atkinson  lived,  though  *' south  of 
the  sands,''  i.  e.  across  the  bay  from  Cartmel,  was  still  in  the  same  hun- 
dred of  Lonsdale,  and  as  the  described  distances  indicate,  not  so  far 
away  but  that  intercourse  between  the  two  places  was  easy  and  frequent. 
Also,  Christopher  Atkinson's  wife,  Margaret  Fell,  lived  in  Cartmel 
before  marriage,  and  her  &ther,  Christopher  Fell,  is  mentioned  in  The 
ChriiHan^i  IhiHnumy  againtt  Tythei, 

NOTE   B. 

As  a  sketch  of  Richard  Hough's  life  has  already  been  published  in 
this  magazine  (XVIII,  2(^-34),  it  will  be  necessary  to  give  here  only 
some  additional  matter  and  a  few  corrections.  In  the  list  of  years  he 
was  a  Member  of  Assembly  on  page  24  of  that  sketch,  the  year  1699 
was  omitted,  but  it  is  included  further  on  (p.  26)  in  the  detaOed 
account  of  his  participation  in  the  proceedings  of  that  body. 

The  statement  made  on  page  28  of  the  same  article,  viz.:  *< Before 
the  Falls  Meeting-House,  the  first  in  the  county,  was  built,  in  1690, 
his  house  was  one  of  the  meeting  places,"  needs  some  explanation  and 
may  be  somewhat  expanded :  Falls  was  not  the  first  meeting  house  in 
the  county,  for  that  at  Middletown  had  been  built  as  early  as  4  mo.  7, 
1688,  on  which  date  a  monthly  meeting  was  held  there.  Falls  meeting 
house  was  begun  in  1689,  but  as  will  be  seen  in  some  minutes  quoted 
below,  was  still  unfinished  in  9  mo.  1691,  and  some  interior  work  was 
still  to  be  done  as  late  as  9  mo.  1693,  which  accounts  for  meetings  being 
held  at  private  houses  as  late  as  the  winter  of  1694.  The  minutes  of 
Falls  Monthly  Meeting  (either  men's  or  women*s),  mention  43  monthly 
meetings  held  at  Richard  Hough*s  house  between  (and  including)  that 
of  1  mo.  4,  1684/5,  and  that  of  11  mo.  2,  1694 ;  perhaps  there  were 
some  others,  when  the  minutes  are  silent  as  to  the  place  of  holding. 
As  to  the  Bucks  Quarterly  Meeting  being  held  there,  we  find  in 
Michener's  Early  Quakerism,  (p.  75)  :  **  Although  the  meeting  houses 
at  the  Falls  and  at  Neshaminy  (Middletown)  had  both  been  built  for 
several  years,  yet  the  Quarterly  Meeting  continued  to  be  held  at  the 
houses  of  William  Biles,  Nicholas  Wain,  Richard  Hough,  Joshua 
Hoopes,  and  others,  up  to  the  year  1696."    The  minutes  of  Bucks 


488  Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania. 

Qaarter  mention  that  the  meeting  was  held  at  Richard  Hough's  6  mo. 
5,  1685 ;  3  mo.  5,  1686 ;  6  mo.  15,  1688 ;  and  9  mo.  20,  1689.> 

It  is  to  be  presumed  that  Richard  Hongh  was  a  representatiye  to  the 
Quarterly  Meeting  (from  Falls  Mo.  Mtg.)  whenever  the  same  was  held 
at  his  house  ;  the  other  meetings  at  which  the  minutes  note  his  presence 
were  the  six  dates  given  below  when  he  was  sent  to  the  Yearly  Meeting ; 
Falls  Monthly  minutes  only  mention  his  appointment  as  a  representa- 
tive to  the  Quarterly  12  mo.  3,  1702,  and  12  mo.  7,  1704;  no  doubt  he 
was  one  oflener. 

In  early  times  each  monthly  meeting  sent  a  representative  to  the 
Yearly  Meeting,  but  when  the  quarterly  meetings  became  fully  organ- 
ized, they  alone  sent  such  delegates.  Richard  Hough  was  appointed 
representative  to  the  Yearly  Meeting  by  Falls  Monthly,  7  mo.  1,  1686 ; 
and  by  Bucks  Quarter,  6  mo.  25,  1698 ;  6  mo.  31,  1699  (on  which 
occasion  he  was  chosen  to  take  Quarterly's  collections  to  the  Yearly)  ; 

6  mo.  10,  1701 ;  6  mo.  27, 1702  ;  6  mo.  26,  1703  ;  and  6  mo.  31,  1704. 
He  was  made  an  overseer  of  Falls  Meeting  2  mo.  2, 1701.     On  2  mo. 

2,  1690,  he  was  made  a  trustee  for  the  meeting  house  and  graveyard, 
and  on  9  mo.  8,  1698,  it  was  agreed  that  the  deeds  for  both  be  given 
into  his  sole  custody.  On  5  mo.  4,  1705,  Hough  being  deceased  these 
were  delivered  to  Joseph  Ejrkbride.     Between  11  mo.  2,  1683,   and 

7  mo.  6,  1704,  he  served  on  over  sixty  committees  of  Falls  Monthly 
Meeting,  besides  a  number  of  special  appointments ;  some  of  the  im- 

Iportant  ones  were  (the  dates  being  those  of  appointment)  : 
V  12  mo.  6, 1688.    *'  This  meeting  doth  order  that  Richard  Hough  doth 

;  1  keep  the  Book  for  Records  and  record  therein  all  foreign  certificates.'' 

^  f  1  mo.  7,  1687/8.     ''  Ordered  that  Richard  Hough  for  the  burying  place 

on  the  hill  and  that  end  of  the  meeting  take  care  to  give  an  account  of 
all  Births  and  Burials."  He  kept  this  book  until  his  death.  At  the 
meeting  of  2  mo.  4,  1705,  it  was  delivered  to  Joseph  Kirkbride. 
Through  a  copyist's  error  transcribing  the  date,  the  footnote  on  page 
229  of  the  present  article,  makes  Richard  turn  over  the  book  himself, 
2  mo.  4,  1704,  but  in  reality  it  was  delivered  to  Kirkbride  a  year  later, 
after  Hough's  death.  He  was  on  committees  for  fencing  the  burying 
place  on  Slate-pit  Hill,  1  mo.  3, 1685/6,  7  mo.  6, 1688,  and  11  mo.  8, 1698. 
On  2  mo.  3,  1689,  he  was  on  the  committee  to  select  a  site  for  Falls 
Meeting  House,  and  thereafter  served  on  many  committees  and  special 


r ,  '  Before  6  mo.  4,  1686,  the  quarterly  meeting  was  held  the  same 

day  as  that  month's  monthly  meeting ;  at  a  combined  meeting  held  that 
day  at  William  Biles's,  it  was  decided,  (it  being  found  inconvenient  to 
transact  quarterly  and  monthly  meeting  business  the  same  day),  in 
future  to  hold  the  quarterly  meeting  separately  on  the  Fourth-day  of 
the  third  week  in  the  month. 


r- 


)l 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bv^cks  County y  Pennsylvania.  489 

aaBignmente  in  relation  to  its  building  ;  one  of  the  latter  being  9  mo.  4, 
1691,  to  speak  to  the  carpenter  to  get  it  completed,  showing  it  was  then 
still  unfinished  (see  above).  And  6  mo.  2,  1699,  he  was  appointed  one  of 
a  committee  to  have  an  addition  built. 

4  mo.  3,  1702.  On  committee  to  collect  an  account  of  all  public 
Friends  belonging  to  Falls  Mo.  Mtg.,  that  had  died  since  its  beginning, 
to  send  to  Friends  in  England,  to  be  recorded  there. 

Margery  (Clows)  Hough,  wife  of  Richard,  was  also  active  in  the 
monthly  meeting.  She  was  appointed  representative  to  the  Quarterly 
Meeting  6  mo.  6,  1707  ;  6  mo.  2,  1710  ;  and  9  mo.  3,  1713.  She  was 
made  an  overseer  of  Falls  Meeting  7  mo.  4,  1695,  and  apparently 
relieved  later,  for  she  was  again  chosen  9  mo.  2,  1720,  holding  the 
position  at  her  death ;  on  12  mo.  1,  1720,  Mary  Burroughs  was 
appointed  in  place  of  Margery  Hough,  deceased.  She  served  on  47 
committees  of  the  monthly  meeting  between  7  mo.  6,  1689,  and  2  mo.  1, 
1719. 

Richard  and  Margery  (Clows)  Hough  had  issue  (the  footnote  on 
page  33  of  article  Richard  Hough  Penna.  Mao.,  XVIII,  as  to  births 
of  four  of  these  children,  should  read  Middletown  Monthly  Meeting,  not 
Quarterly) : 

Mabt,  married  William  Atkinson  ;  see  text. 

Richard,  married,  first,  1711/2,  He$ter  {Baker^Yardley)  Broume, 
daughter  of  Henry  Baker ;  see  note  D ;  second,  7  mo.  27, 1717,  Deborah 
Qumley,  of  Philadelphia,  widow  of  John  Gumley,  of  New  Castle 
County.     Richard  Hough  was  a  Justice  of  the  Bucks  County  Court. 

Sajlah,  married  Isaac  Atkinson  ;  see  text 

John,  bom  7  mo.  18,  1693 ;  married  1718,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Philip  and  Julianna  Taylor,  of  Oxford  Township,  Philadelphia.  John 
Hough  was  a  Justice  of  the  Bucks  County  Court. 

Joseph,  bom  8  mo.  17,  1695,  died  May  10, 1773 ;  married  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Nathaniel  and  Elizabeth  (Dungan)  West,  and  grand- 
daughter of  Rev.  Thomas  Dungan.  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  Hough  had 
nine  children,  of  whom  their  daughter  Sarah,  married  Jamen  Radcliffe, 
son  of  Edward  and  PAe6f  (Baker)  Raddle,  Joseph  Hough,  son  of 
Joseph  and  Elizabeth,  married  Mary  Tompkins,  and  their  son  Joseph 
married  Rebecca  Raddle,  daughter  of  John  and  Rebecca  (West) 
Radcliffe,  and  granddaughter  of  Edward  and  Phebe.  See  Notes  D 
andE. 

NOTE  C. 

Leonard  Shallcross,  by  will  ^  dated  Feb.  28,  1729/30,  proved  Nov. 
16,  1730,  lefl  his  house  and  plantation  to  his  son  Leonard  ;   £10  each 


» Bucks  Co.  Will  Book  1,  p.  134. 


J 


I 

{ 

\ 
t 

I 

'  490  Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County f  Pennsylvania. 

I 

!  to  his  sons  William  and  Joseph  ;  £20  each  to  hia  danghten  Bebeeca 

{  and  Rachel ;  and  one  ahiliing  to  hia  son  John  ;   and  made  his  wilb 

f  Sarah  sole  executrix.     No  deed  has  been  found  on  record  to  show  his 

'  purchase  of  the  land  mentioned,  nor  how  many  acres  there  were,  bat  a 

I  mortgage '  from  John  Fisher  to  Samuel  Baker,  9  mo.  8,  1718,  aecored 

I  on  land  in  Makefield  Township,   mentions  Leonard  Shallcroea'a  land 

adjoining,  and  a  deed  for  the  Fisher  tract  in  1722  shows  ShallcroeB  atill 
I  owned  the  same  place. 

f  Very  little  is  known  of  Leonard  Shallcross,  especially  his  early  life 

,  and  birthplace.      John  Shallcross,  Esq.,  of  Frankford,  Philadelphim, 

f  wrote  an  account  of  the  fiimily  many  years  ago,  firom  which  BeT.  S.  F. 

Hotchkin,  in  his  BrtMtol  Pike,  (Phila.,  1898X  drew  the  following  (p.  40) : 
"  In  1704,  John,  Leonard  and  Joseph,  brothers,  came  to  America  firom 
Derbyshire,  England,  and  settled  in  Oxford  township.  The  old  home- 
stead, a  stone  dwelling  house,  was  located  upon  the  southeast  side  of 
the  Bustleton  Turnpike  Road  about  two  miles  aboTe  Frankford.  The 
house  is  still  standing,  and  is  occupied  by  a  descendant  of  the  fiunily. 
r  ;f  In  1708,  John  Shallcross,  the  oldest  of  the  the  brothers,  purchased  from 

Mary  Fletcher  two  tracts  of  land,  containing  together  about  877  acres, 
extending  from  the  Bustleton  to  the  Bristol  Boad.  These  tracts  were 
divided  into  several  farms,  many  of  which  are  still  occupied  by  different 
branches  of  the  family.  Joseph,  one  of  the  brothera,  removed  to 
Chester  County  and  leaves  descendants,  some  of  whom  are  still  residing 
in  Delaware  and  Chester  Counties."  But  there  is  a  complete  absence 
of  any  contemporary  account  of  their  arrival,  whence  they  came,  how 
they  came,  or  any  details  of  their  settlement,  until  John  bought  the 
land  in  Oxford  in  1708.  And  there  is  at  least  some  ground  for  question 
whether  the  Joseph  who  went  to  Chester  County  was  a  brother  or 
nephew  of  John  and  Leonard.  As  to  their  coming  firom  Derbyshire, 
there  can  be  little  doubt  that  they  were  younger  sons  (or  sons  of  a 
younger  son)  of  the  gentle  family  of  Shallcross  of  Shallcross,  in  that 
part  of  Derbyshire  called  'The  Peak,'  made  familiar  to  the  general 
f    :  reader  by  Sir  Walter  Scott's  novel,  Ftveril  of  the  Peak.     In  this  fiimily, 

which  held  the  lordship  of  Shallcross  almost,  if  not  quite,  as  far  back  as 
the  Conquest,  the  given  name  Leonard  was  a  favorite ;  one  of  its  bearers 
j  M  was  head  of  the  family  at  the  time  of  the  Spanish  Armada. 

John  Shallcross  married  8  mo.  29,  1710,  Hannah  Fletcher.'  In  his 
will*  dated  6  mo.  13,  1754,  proved  Sept.  11,  1758,  he  mentioned  his 
nephews  and  nieces,  Leonard,  Joseph,  William,  Ann,  Ruth,  Bebeeca 
and  Rachel  Shallcross,    brother-in-law   Edward  Brooks,   sister-in-law 


r 


X 


'i   .  *  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  4,  p.  200. 

kfr;  ^  *  Register  of  Abington  Mo.  Mtg. 

"  !  »  Phila.  Co.  Will  Book  L,  p.  165. 


1^ 


iir 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania.  491 

Catharine  Wilmarton,  widow  of  Paul,  and  kinswoman  Hannah 
Bobison ;  executore,  wife  Hannah  and  nephew  Leonard  ShallcroflB. 
The  Shallcroes  nephews  and  nieces  were  children  of  his  brother  Leonard, 
except  Ann  and  Ruth,  who  were  wives  of  nephews.  He  left  his  real 
estate  (or  part  of  it)  in  Oxford  Township  to  the  nephew  Leonard,  who 
was  already  living  there  before  his  ancle's  death.  Hannah  Shallcroes, 
widow  of  John,  by  will »  dated  10  mo.  25,  1758,  proved  Sept.  5,  1759, 
left  her  property  to  John,  Hannah,  Mary,  Elizabeth,  Paul  and  Rebecca, 
children  of  her  kinsman  John  Wilmartin ;  Elisabeth,  Mary  and 
Edward,  children  of  her  cousin  Hannah  Robison,  (daughter  of  Edward 
Brooks)  ;  and  Mary,  wife  of  Joseph  Shallcross ;  she  made  her  oonsin 
Hannah  Robison,  executrix. 

NOTE  D. 

As  the  account  of  Henry  Baker  mentioned  in  the  text  has  already 
appeared  in  print,  space  here  will  only  permit  a  few  additions  and 
corrections  to  that  sketch,  and  a  recapitulation  of  Henry  Baker*s 
children,  with  some  second  marriages  of  theirs  omitted  by  Mr.  White. 
In  the  abstract  of  his  will  given  there  a  legacy  is  mentioned  to  Samuel 
Canby ;  this  should  be  cousin  Sarah  Ganby,  £  5,  "  which  I  lent  her 
mother." 

Henry  Baker's  residence  and  principal  tract  in  Bucks  Co.  was  about 
500  acres  on  the  Delaware  River,  next  below  Richard  Hough*8  in 
Makefield  (now  Upper  Makefield)  Township.  In  an  account  of  Falls 
Meeting  and  places  within  its  compass  in  early  times,  written  about 
1855  by  Wm.  J.  Buck  and  E.  D.  Buckman,  conUined  in  a  MS.  book 
called  FrierM  Monthly  Meeting  Beoords,  Buckt  County,  now  in  possess- 
ion of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  it  is  stated  that  Henry 
Baker*  s  was  the  first  plantation  below  the  present  Taylorsville,  and  that 
the  old  mansion  was  still  standing,  the  land  being  then  owned  by 
Mahlon  K.  Taylor.  But  in  a  later  passage  the  authors  said  they 
believed  the  Baker  mansion  had  stood  on  the  site  of  the  new  house  built 
by  Janney  Dawes  on  the  Taylorsville  lane,  at  the  canal  bridge.  Baker 
also  owned  land  in  Wrightstown,  Newtown  and  Falls  Townships,  and 
was  one  of  the  original  lot  holders  in  the  borough  of  Bristol.  The 
Upper  Makefield  and  Wrightstown  tracts  are  shown  on  Holme's  Map  ; 
the  others  he  bought  at  a  later  date. 

Henry  Baker  was  foreman  of  the  first  grand  jury  of  Bucks  County  in 
1685,  and  a  member  of  the  commission  appointed  September,  1692,  to 
divide  the  county  into  townships.  He  was  made  a  Justice  of  the  Bucks 
County  Court,  by  order  of  the  Provincial  Council  of  11  mo.  2,  1689/90. 
He  was  also  a  Member  of  the  Provincial  Assembly  in  1685, 1687, 1688, 


^Phila.  Co.  Will  Book  L,  p.  312. 


492  Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania. 

1690  And  1698.  He  belonged  finst  to  Neshamina  (MkEdletown)  and 
afterwank  to  Falls  Monthly  Meeting,  and  took  a  Tery  prominent  part 
in  their  affairs,  meetings  being  sometimeB  held  at  his  house  before  the 
meeting  houses  were  built ;  he  was  also  a  representative  in  the  Quar- 
terly and  Yearly  Meetings. 

Henry  Baker  had  issue  by  his  first  wife,  Margaret  EUundman : 

(1).  Rachel^  bom  in  Lancashire,  2  mo.  28,  1669;  married  fiist^ 
4  mo.  27,  1689,  at  her  (kther*s  house.  Job  Bunting  of  West  New  Jersey; 
they  were  ancestors  of  the  Bucks  County  branch  of  the  Bunting  fiunily. 
Mr.  White's  article  calls  him  '«Bobert»"  following  the  EUatorieal 
Society  of  Pennsylvania's  copy  of  Middletown  Mo.  Mtg.  register,  where 
the  copyist's  mistake  makes  it  so ;  Penna,  Arch.,  2  ser.,  vol.  IX,  pp. 
219  <&  220,  has  the  same  error.  Rachel  married  second,  in  1703,  John 
Cowgill,  of  Middletown  Township  ;  see  remarks  on  Oowgill  fiunily  under 
14.  Joseph  Atkinson.  Mr.  White's  sketch  does  not  mention  this 
second  marriage. 

(2).  Nathan,  bom  in  Lancashire,  10  mo.  21,  1670 ;  died  there  5  mo. 
27,  1680,  buried  5  mo.  28. 

(8).  Sarah,  born  in  Lancashire,  8  mo.  18,  1672;  died  in  Penna., 
2  mo.—,  1715,  buried  2  mo.  29.  She  married  first,  8  mo.  18,  1692, 
Stephen  Wilson,  of  Bucks  Co.  ;  their  son  John  WU$on,  married,  1728, 
Jane  Atkinson  (No.  7  in  text),  daughter  of  I$aae,  (No.  4)  and  Sarah 
{Hough)  Atkinson.  Sarah  (Baker)  Wilson  married  second,  8  mo.  19, 
1708,  Isaac  Milnor,  of  Bucks  Co.  She  was  a  minister  of  Friends  and 
an  account  of  her  is  given  in  The  Friend  (Phila.),  vol.  XXVIIT,  p.  197. 

(4).  Rebecca,  born  in  Lancashire,  6  mo.  24,  1674,  married  1695, 
John  Wilsford,  of  West  New  Jersey. 

(5).  Samuel,  bom  in  Lancashire,  8  mo.  1,  1676  ;  married  in  Bucka 
Co.  9  mo.  4,  1708,  Rachel,  daughter  of  Willoughby  Warder,  of  said 
county.  He  inherited  most  of  his  father's  land,  including  the  home 
plantation  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  made  additional  purchases.  He 
was  a  Justice  of  the  Bucks  County  Court^  being  first  commissioned 
March  6,  1708 ;  Member  of  Assembly,  1710  and  1711 ;  and  a  County 
Commissioner  in  1722.  Like  his  father,  he  was  active  in  the  affidrs  of 
Falls  Monthly  Meeting. 

(6).  Phebe,  born  in  Lancashire,  5  mo.  26,  1678 ;  married  first,  in 
Bucks  Co.,  6  mo.  18,  1703,  her  step-brother,  Edward  Raddiffe,  son  of 
James  and  Mary,  the  latter  having  married  Henry  Baker  after  James 
Radclifie's  death.  It  was  this  Phebe  Radclifie  to  whom  William 
Atkinson  vn-ote  the  letter  of  1721,  quoted  firom  in  account  of  him  above. 
See  Note  £,  where  her  own  and  her  descendants'  connections  with  the 
Atkinson,  Hough,  and  other  fiunilies  mentioned  in  this  article,  will 
^.  appear  more  at  length.     Phebe  married  second,  in  1722,  William  Stock- 

dale  ;  he  was  related  by  marriage  to  the  other  (Christopher  and  John) 


;!f 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ,  Pennsylvania.  493 

AtkinBon  family,  and  some  account  of  him  will  be  given  in  Part  II. 
Phebe's  second  marriage  is  not  noted  in  Mr.  White's  Henry  Baker, 

(7).  Heder,  born  in  Lancashire,  6  mo.  28,  1680  ;  married  first,  1700, 
Thomas  Yardley,  son  of  William  and  Jane  (Heath)  Yardley,  of  Bucks 
Co.  ;  second,  1704,  William  Browne,  son  of  James  and  Honour  Browne, 
of  Chichester,  Chester  Co.  ;  third,  1711/2,  Richard  Hough,  son  of 
Richard  and  Margery  {Claws)  Hough;  see  Note  B. 

(8).  Nathan,  bom  in  Lancashire,  1  mo.  8,  1684  (1684/5?);  married 
in  Penna.,  May  15,  1705,  Sarah,  daughter  of  Jeremiah  Collett,  of 
Chester  Co. ;  they  lived  in  Chester  County,  and  afterwards  removed  to 
Maryland. 

(9).  Henry,  bom  in  Bucks  Co.,  12  mo.  12,  1685,  died  there  12  mo. 
16,  1685. 

Margaret  (Hardman)  Baker,  first  wife  of  Henry,  died  in  1688,  and 
was  buried  6  mo.  5.  He  married  second,  8  mo.  13,  1692,  under  care 
of  Middletown  Mo.  Mtg.,  3fary  (Rawsthome)  Radcliffe,  widow  of  JameB 
Raddiffe,  of  Bucks  Co. ;  see  Note  E.     They  had  issue  : 

(10).  Margaret,  bom  in  Bucks  County,  6  Mo.  4,  1698,  died  there 
6  mo.  20,  1748 ;  married  4  mo.  5,  1722,  William  Atkutbon  (No.  5), 
son  of  Thomas  and  Jane. 

NOTE  E. 

A  note  to  Records  of  the  Hall  Family,  Penn.  Mag.,  XI,  815,  says: 
''James  Badclifie,  of  Chapel  Hill,  in  Bosendale,  County  Lancaster, 
England,  (probably  brother  to  John  Badclifie,  bom  in  1657,  son  of 
Richard  and  Alice  BadclifTe,  of  Bosendale),  married  June  1,  1678,  the 
widow  Mary  Rawthorpe  at  her  own  house  in  Olden  ; ''  etc.  From  some 
authorities  quoted  below  it  will  be  seen  that  James  Badclifie' s  fiither 
was  probably  James  not  Richard,  his  mother  being  Alice  as  stated  ;  also 
that  the  widow  Mary  Rawthorpe  should  be  Rawsthome,  and  that  Olden 
should  be  Holden, 

Rossendale  (not  Rosendale)  is  the  territory  which  formerly  comprised 
the  Forest  of  Rossendale  (and  sometimes  is  still  so  called,  although  dis- 
forested in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII).  It  includes  a  number  of  town- 
ships, and  is  within  the  parish  of  Whalley,  Blackbum  Hundred,  Lanca- 
shire. Thomas  Newbigging  in  his  History  of  Rossendale  (2?^  ed.,  Baw- 
tenstall,  1893,  p.  82)  says  :  ''  We  must  view  Rossendale  as  constituting 
A  portion  of  the  Hundred  of  Blackburn,  or  Honour  of  Clitheroe,  parcel 
of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster."  Again:  ''Previous  to  and  at  the  time 
of  the  Norman  Conquest,  (A.  D.  1066),  the  four  forests  Pendle,  Traw- 
den,  Rossendale,  and  Accrington  were  embraced  in  the  general  name 
of  the  *  Forest  of  Blackburnshire.'  "  ''  The  forests  at  that  time  were  not 
comprised  within  the  limits  of  any  township  or  other  subdivision  of 
property  or  estate."     The  History  oj  the  County  Palatine  and  Duchy  of 


i 


I 


I'. 


I 


494  Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania. 


y  LancoMUr,  bj  Edward  Baines,  Esq.,  M.  P.,  (London,  1886),  toI.  Ill, 

p.  274,  has :     ''The  chase ^  of  Bossendale,  including  Brandwood,  Chope 

) .  and  Lench,  originally  members  of  it,  contains  not  less  than  25  aqoare 

I'  miles,  or  15,860  statute  acres."    "In  4  Edw.  II  it  was  divided  into 

V*  eleven  vaccaries,  or  oow-pastaree."     "  In  22  Henry  VII  the  nomber  of 

vaccaries,  now  called  booths,  had  increased  to  nineteen.*'     "These 

booths  were  the  foundations  of  townships." 

The  name  of  RadcllfTe  has  been  connected  with  this  region  from  very 

; :  early  times.     In  17  Edw.  Ill  (1848)  Richard  de  Radeclyve  [Baddiffe,] 

;'  Master  Forester,  had  a  suit  with  the  Abbot  and  Convent  of  Whalley,  in 

which  it  was  shown  that  Thomas,  Earl  of  Lancaster  had  granted  the 

office  of  Forester  to  Richard  Mereclesdene,  [Marsden,]  who  in  the  reign 

of  Edward  III  had  granted  his  estate  in  the  office  to  Richard  de  Rade- 

;.-  clyve,  whose  right  was  confirmed  by  Queen  Isabella,  to  whom  her  son, 

King  Edward  III,  had  granted  the  forest  for  life.     The  "Compotus  of 

Blackbnmshire,"  by  Thomas,  Lord  Stanley,  Master  Forester  and  Chief 

Steward,  [Book]  A.   Edward  IV.,  (4  to,  in  the  office  of  the  Duchy  of 

Lancaster),  shows  that  Jacobo  RadclifT  de  RadclifT  paid  a  rent  of  £8,  lOs. 

:  for  his  holding,  the  Park  of  Musbury.     Chapel  Hill,  the  residence  of 

James  Radclifie  before  his  removal  to  Pennsylvania,  was  near  to,  if  not 

adjoining,  the  Park  of  Musbury,  and  the  records  of  his  arrival  in  the 

said  province  state  that  he  came  from  "Mousebury*' or  ''Musberry." 

The  recurrence  of  the  names  Richard  and  James  (Jacobo)  in  his  family 

'  '  strengthens  the  presumption  that  he  was  descend^  firom  the  Radcliffes 

i  '  who  held  the  Park  of  Musbury  in  the  time  of  Edward  FV.    That  no 

;]  ]  such  line  of  descent  has  been  yet  established  is  most  likely  due  to  a  lack 

|.  of  any  genealogical  investigation  into  the  matter,  and  a  careful  search 

:,  •  of  records  would  very  probably  show  the  supposed  connection  to  be  a 

fact 

Chapel  Hill,  besides  being  the  name  of  a  real  hill,  was  also  the  name 
given  the  freehold  tract  of  land  and  dwelling,  situated  on  the  same, 
owned  by  James  Radclifie,  and  presumably  by  some  generations  of  his 
fiunily  before  him.     For  a  description  of  this  Radclifie  property,  as 


^  The  difierence  between  a  forest  and  a  chase  has  been  explained 
above  in  the  account  of  the  Forest  of  Knaresborough.  Newbigging 
also  says:  ''A  Forest  difiers  from  a  Chase  in  three  things — ^in  ita 
Laws,  its  Officers,  and  in  its  particular  Courts.  The  king  appropriated 
the  Forests  for  his  own  special  use  and  pleasure.  With  Chases  and 
Parks  it  was  otherwise ;  these  could  be  constructed  under  a  license,  and 
owned  and  held  by  any  subject.  '*  '  *  The  Forests  of  Lancaster,  in  which 
was  included  the  Forest  of  Rossendale,  were  *  *  *  exceptions ;  for 
before  they  became  the  property  of  the  Crown,  they  were  under  the 
Forest  Laws.'* 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania.  495 

well  as  some  mention  of  the  Ceunily,  we  quote  firom  Bambles  Bound 
RoMcndaUy  by  J.  Marshall  Mather,  (Ist  series,  1888,  pub.  by  J.  J. 
Biley,  Rosmndale  Free  Press  Office,  Bawtenstall,  and  News  Office,  Dar- 
wen),  pp.  55  et  seq.  :  ''  Chapel  Hill  is  rightly  named,  its  ecclesiastical 
associations  reaching  back  to  ante-reformation  times.  It  was  originally 
a  retreat  for  a  brotherhood  of  Roman  Catholic  recluses,  who  built  and 
inhabited  the  old  farmstead  now  adjoining  the  burial  ground ;  and  the 
remains  of  a  piscina,  recessed  within  the  crumbling  walls  a  little  above 
the  porch,  are  still  to  be  seen.  It  is  generally  supposed  that  the  name 
'  Chapel  Hill '  was  derived  firom  its  associations  with  the  Friends'  Meet- 
ing House ;  but  this  is  not  so,  for  amongst  the  earliest  recorded  births 
are  those  of  younger  children  of  James  and  Alice  Radcliff,  of  '  Chapel 
Hill.'  This  at  once  proves  the  name  as  associated  ¥rith  the  farmstead 
prior  to  the  advent  of  Quakerism."  '^  Quakerism  was  introduced  into 
Bossendale  by  William  Dewsbury  and  Thomas  Stubbs,  about  the  year 
1653."  ''The  first  to  embrace  the  message  of  Dewsbury  and  Stnbbs 
were  Susan  Heyworth,  widow,  and  Mary  Birtwistle,  widow.  Following 
these  we  find  among  the  earlier  names — Henry  Birtwistle,  Widow 
Bawsthome,  of  Olden  (Holden),  Jas.  Rishton,  senr.,  and  Alice  Rat- 
cliffe — whose  son  and  daughter,  James  and  Alice  Ratcliffe,  became 
prominent  members  of  the  sect,  Alice  being  given  to  much  hospitality 
and  entertaining  of  Friends  at  her  home  at  Chapel  Hill,  and  her  brother 
James  granting  the  present  square  of  ground  on  trust  to  the  Society." 
This  ground  was  that  on  which  the  Friends  located  their  meeting-house 
and  burying  ground  about  1663 ;  an  account  of  these  is  given  by  New- 
bigging,  page  220,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred  as  it  is  somewhat 
beyond  the  scope  of  this  sketch.  Quoting  again  from  Mather :  "  It  is 
also  worthy  of  record  that  in  1684,  James  Radcliffe,  Henry  Crook, 
Henry  Hargreavee,  Nicholas  Rawsthorne,  John  Rawsthome,  John  Har- 
greaves,  Abraham  Heyworth,  Richard  Mather,  William  Jackson,  and 
Alice  Hargreaves,  all  of  Rossendale  Meeting  House,  were  committed 
prisoners  by  order  of  the  Quarter  Sessions,  at  Manchester,  upon  an 
indictment  for  being  at  two  peaceable  meetings  in  Musbury  and 
Haslingden." 

Besse,  in  Sufferings  of  IHen<is,  vol.  1,  chapter  on  Lancashire,  notices 
the  last-mentioned  incident,  as  well  as  some  previous  similar  ones  : 
Feb.  17, 1660.  Richard,  James  and  Isabel  Radcliffe,  Mary  and  Alice 
Roysteron  [no  doubt  Rawsthome]  were  among  those  apprehended  at  a 
meeting  at  Haslenden,  ''and  kept  with  a  Guard  all  Night"  On  the 
31st  of  July,  1670,  some  Friends  met  at  John  Ashton's  house  were 
taken  without  a  warrant  and  kept  in  the  Court  house  all  night  and  next 
day  taken  before  Lawrence  Rawthom  of  Newhall,  J.  P.,  and  sent  to  the 
House  of  Correction  in  Manchester  ;  James  Radcliffe  was  one  of  them. 
(The  Rawsthome  fiunily  appears  to  have  been  divided  on  the  subject  of 


496  Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania. 

religion).  On  January  19,  1684  [1684/5]  James  Baddife  and  ollien» 
[their  names  are  given  above  in  quotatioa  from  Mather,  this  being  the 
same  incident],  were  in  prison  for  meeting;  a  few  days  after,  thej  were 
indicted  at  Manchester  sessions  and  recommitted  to  prison.  P.  829. 
1684.  *' Some  time  before  this"  [last  incident,  Jan.  19,  1684/5]  ''two 
bold  Informers  came  to  the  House  of  Abraham  Hajfworih  of  Ro$mdaiey 
when  the  Meeting  there  was  breaking  up :  They  went  and  made  Infin^ 
mation  that  Jama  Raidiff  preached  there,  who  was  not  at  that  Meeting ; 
however  the  Justices  upon  this  Evidence  fined  him  20(.  for  which  the 
Officers  broke  open  five  Doors,  and  took  away  twelTe  Kine  and  an  Horse 
worth  39/.''  Alice  Badclifie  had  bedding,  pewter,  etc  taken,  worth 
16s. 

James  Raddiffe,  bom  about  1645,^  was  no  doubt  the  son  of  the 
James  and  Alice  Radclifie,  the  record  of  whose  younger  children's 
births  is  mentioned  by  Mather,  as  above.  He  became  a  minister  of  the 
Society  of  Friends.  He  married  June  1, 1673,  at  the  bride's  own  honae 
in  Holden,  Mary  Bawsthome,  who  was  that  Widow  Bawsthome,  of 
Holden,  mentioned  by  Mather  as  one  of  the  earliest  converts  to  Quaker- 
ism in  Bossendale.  The  Bawsthomes  were  a  prominent,  perhaps  the 
most  prominent,  gentle  family  in  Bossendale.  One  of  them  was 
Edward  Bawsthome  of  Newhall,  one  of  the  six  captains  who  assisted 
the  Countess  of  Derby  in  the  defense  of  Lathom  House  in  1643,  and  was 
afterwards  made  Colonel  of  infiuitry  by  Prince  Bupert,  dying  about 
1646.  This  Edward's  mother  was  daughter  of  Bobert  Holden  of 
J  Holden,  which  may  account  for  Widow  Bawsthome  having  property  in 

Holden  ;  though  we  do  not  know  at  present  which  of  the  Bawsthomes 
i^  was  Mary's  first  husband,  nor  her  maiden  name.     Fbiter's  Lanoathire 

Pedigrees  includes  one  of  this  family  under  the  name  of  ''Bosthome, 
of  Penwortham  and  Hutton,"  but  as  it  is  very  incomplete  it  does  not 
help  us  on  this  point  Several  of  the  £unily  joined  the  Society  of 
Friends. 

In  1685,  James  and  Mary  Badclifie,  with  their  four  children,  removed 
to  Pennsylvania.  The  ZAst  of  Arrivali  kept  in  that  province  recorded 
them  as  '*  James  Ratclife,  Mary  Ratclife,  Bichard  Batclife,  Edward 
BatcUfe,  Rebecca  Ratclife,  Bachel  Batclife,  fi^e  persons  from  Mouse- 
bury  in  Lancashire."  A  note  in  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsyl- 
vania's copy  of  Middletown  Monthly  Meeting  register,  apparently  taken 
from  the  certificate  record  book,  says :  '*  James  Badclifie,  of  Musberry, 
in  Rosen  dale,  county  Liancaster,  brought  a  certificate  dated  4  m  18th 
1685."    Both  these  names  mean  the  Park  of  Musbury  mentioned  above. 


1'! 


I 


^  His  widow's  account  of  him  says  he  was  imprisoned  when  about 
l!^  fifteen  years  old,  which  was  doubtless  the  occasion  in  1660  mentioned 

by  Besse  ;  which  gives  us  the  above  date. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County f  Pennsylvania,  497 

They  went  first  to  Middletown  Township/  Bucks  County,  but  very  soon 
removed  to  Wrightstown  (not  then  organized  as  a  township),  where 
James  Badcliffe  bought  200  acres  of  land  from  James  Harrison  (though 
his  deed'  was  not  made  until  12  mo.  10,  1689,  and  then  from  Phineas 
Pemberton,  as  husband  of  Phebe,  only  daughter  and  heiress  of  Harri- 
son). This  is  shown  on  Holme's  Map,  on  the  Neshaminy,  between 
James  Harrison's  and  Herbert  Springett's  lands.  The  Minutes  of  the 
Board  of  Property,  session  6  mo.  13,  1712,  state  that  a  resurvey  showed 
this  tract  to  be  355  acres.  Samuel  Smith,  the  historian,  writing  of 
Wrightstown  Meeting  says:  "In  the  year  1686,  James  Badcliff,  a 
noted  public  Friend,  removed  to  settle  at  Wrightstown,  near  John 
Chapman*B.  For  the  care  of  the!»e  two  families,  a  meeting  was  held 
sometimes  at  their  houses,  which  Continued  for  the  most  part  till  about 
1690.'*  This  statement  has  been  quoted  in  Michener's  Early  Quaker- 
inn  (p.  80),  and  repeated  in  Davis's  History  of  Buckt  (hurUy,  (Uted., 
p.  255),  and  is  doubtless  correct.  Wrightstown  Meeting,  thus  estab- 
lished, was  one  of  the  constituents  of  Middletown  Monthly  Meeting,  to 
which  the  Radclifie's  already  belonged.  James  Badcliffe  was  appointed 
on  committees  of  Middletown  Mo.  Mtg.  12  mo.  2,  1687  ;  1  mo.  1,  1688 
[1687/8]  ;  6  mo.  2,  1688,  (two) ;  11  mo.  2,  and  12  mo.  6,  1689. 

He  died  1  mo.  [March]  29,  1690.  His  widow's  "Testimony"  con- 
cerning him  was  published  by  the  Yearly  Meeting  in  A  OoUeetion  of 
Memorials,  (Phila.,  1787),  p.  13.  A  sketch  of  his  life  has  also  been 
published  in  7%€  JFHend,  vol.  27,  (Phila.,  1854),  p.  218.  After  his 
death  his  widow  married  for  her  third  husband,  Henry  Baker,  as  stated 
in  Note  D.  After  Baker's  death,  about  1701,  she  seems  to  have  lived 
awhile  in  Middletown  Township,  with  her  son  Edward  and  daughters 
Rachel  and  Rebecca  Radcliffe  and  Margaret  Baker,  as  that  is  given  as 
Rachel's  residence  at  the  time  of  her  marriage,  10  mo.  17,  1702.  Very 
shortly  after  this  she  took  her  two  remaining  daughters  into  the  town 
of  Bristol  to  live,  and  stayed  there  until  her  death  8  mo.  18,  1715.  On 
12  mo.  15,  1704,  she  joined  with  her  four  Radcliffe  children  in  the  sale' 
of  James  Radcliffe' s  Wrightstown  land.  James  and  Mary  Radcliffe  had 
issue  (all  born  in  England,  but  births  recorded  on  the  Middletown  Mo. 
Mtg.  register) : 

Richard,  bom  4  mo.  [June]  8,  1675;  married  1  mo.  [March]  31, 
1709,  in  the  town  of  Bristol,^  Martha  Stapler,  daughter  of  Stephen,  of 

^  Davis's  History  of  Bucks  County,  1st  ed.,  p.  163,  mentions 
James  and  Mary  Radcliffe  and  four  children  as  among  the  early  settlers 
in  Middletown  Township. 

'  Bucks  Go.  Deed  Book  1,  p.  334. 

*  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  8,  p.  411. 

«  Register  of  Falls  Mo.  Mtg. 
VOL.  XXX. — 82 


498  Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ,  Pennsylvania. 

Philadelphia.  They  lived  in  Falls  TownBhip.  At  the  session  of  the 
Board  of  Property,  8  mo.  7,  1713,  he  was  granted  a  lease  for  11  years, 
on  about  100  acres  in  Pennsbury  Manor,  between  Bridge  Creek  and 
George  Heathcott*s.  Richard  and  Martha  are  not  known  to  have  had 
any  children. 

Edtoard,  bom  8  mo.  [Oct]  14,  1678,  died  8  mo.  27,  1714 ;  married 
6  mo.  18,  1703,  at  Fall's  Meeting  House,  ^  Phebe  Baker ^  (his  step-sister), 
daughter  of  Henry  and  Margaret  (Hardman)  Baker  ;  see  Note  D.  He 
had  just  previously  moved  from  Middletown  to  Bristol  Township  and 
continued  all  his  life.  On  10  mo.  18,  1707,  he  bought'  of  John  Cow- 
gill,  of  Trevose,  in  Bensalem  Township,  and  Rachel  his  wife,  200  acres 
of  land  in  Bristol  Tp.,  100  of  which  had  been  patented  to  Thomas 
Dungan,  Sr.,  Oct  1,  1692,  and  the  other  100  to  Clement  Dungan,  Jan. 
7,  1692;  these  had  been  sold  by  Clement,  Thomas,  Jr.,  Jeremiah  and 
John  Dungan,  to  Walter  Pumphrey,  2  mo.  2,  1698,  and  by  the  latter 
to  Job  Bunting,  5  mo.  16,  1702  ;  both  these  tracts  have  been  described 
under  4.  I8.\AC  Atkinson  above,  who  owned  other  portions  of  the 
tracts  of  which  these  were  originally  part  Rachel  (hwgiU  who  was  the 
real  seller,  as  relict  and  sole  executrix  of  her  former  husband,  Job 
Bunting,  was  daughter  of  Henry  Baker,  and  sister-in-law  of  Edward 
Radcliffe ;  her  marriages  have  been  mentioned  in  Note  D.  Edward  and 
Phebe  had  two  sons :  James,  who  married  Sarah  Bough,  daughter  of 
Joseph,  and  granddaughter  of  Richard  Bough ;  and  John,  who  married 
Rebecca  West^  and  had  among  other  children,  Rebecca,  who  married 
Jouph  Hough,  son  of  Joseph,  of  Joseph,  of  Richard ;  see  Note  B. 

Rachd,  bom  2  mo.  [April]  16,  1682;  married  10  mo.  17,  1702,  at 
Middletown  Meeting,'  William  Hay  hurst  She  was  then  living  in 
Middletown  Township.  William  was  buried  6  mo.  2, 1713,  and  Rachel 
2  mo.  4,  1715. 

Rebecca,  bom  11  mo.  [Jan.]  11,  1684/5,  died  8  mo.  11,  1714;  mar- 
ried 4  mo.  21,  1708,  in  the  town  of  Bristol,^  John  Ball,  of  that  town. 
Their  issue  is  given  in  Records  of  the  Ball  Ihmily,  oj  Bristol,  Pennsyl- 
vania, Penna.  Mag.,  XI,  309.  John  Hall  married  second,  Sarah 
Baldwin,  and  third,  Hannah  Atkinson,  (No.  11),  daughter  of 
William  (No.  5)  and  Mary  (Hough)  Atkinson. 

NOTE  F. 

The  Stacy  family  history  mentioned  in  the  text  is  being  prepared, 
under  the  title  An  Historical  Narrative  and  OenecUogy  of  the  Ely,  Stacy 


^  Register  of  Falls  Mo.  Mtg. 
'  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  8,  p.  406. 
*  Register  of  Middletown  Mo.  Mtg. 
^  Register  of  Falls  Mo.  Mtg. 


> 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania.  499 

and  Revell  Ihmilies,  Who  Founded  Trenton,  Province  of  Wat  Jersey, 
1678-168S,  by  Warren  S.  Ely,  Doyleetown,  Pa.,  W.  S.  Long,  M.  D., 
Haddonfield,  N.  J.  and  D.  B.  Ely,  Montclair,  N.  J. 

In  Isaac  and  Bachel  Ooliins,  (Phila.,  1898),  Appendix,  p.  149,  a 
short  genealogy  of  the  early  generations  of  the  Stacy  family  is  given, 
the  arrangement  of  which  is  rather  confusing  without  close  study,  and 
in  one  instance  is  absolutely  incorrect.     It  begins : 

"I. — Mahlon  Stacy  came   from  England  in   1678,  and  left  one 
son,  named  Mahlon,  who  married  Sarah  Bainbridge. 
Issue: 

II. — 1.  Mary  Stacy  married  Reuben  Pounal. 

II. — 2.  Sarah  Stacy  married  Joseph  Eirkbride." 
Etc.,  etc. 

It  would  at  first  glance  appear  that  Mary,  Sarah,  and  the  other  chil- 
dren that  follow  were  issue  of  Mahlon  Stacy,  Jr.,  (who  had  no  chil- 
dren) ;  but  the  roman  numerals  indicate  correctly  they  were  children  of 
the  elder  Mahlon.  But  the  third  daughter,  "  II.— 8.  Bebecca  Stacy 
married  Joshua  Wright,''  appears  again  (p.  150)  as  "II. — 6.  Bebecca 
married  Thomas  Budd."  This  is  an  error;  Bebecca  (Stacy)  Wright 
married  second,  Thomas  Potts,  which  marriage  is  not  mentioned ;  it 
was  her  niece  Bebecca  Atkinson,  (III. — 5.  in  the  table)  who  married 
Thomas  Budd.  (See  list  of  children  of  Samuel  and  Buth  Atkinson  in 
the  text  above.) 

A  presumably  correct  list  of  Mahlon  Stacy's  children,  with  years  of 
their  births,  is  given  in  some  **  Stacy e  Notes,"  in  ITie  Literary  Era, 
vol.  y,  (Phila.,  1898),  p.  59 ;  the  name  of  the  contributor  of  these 
notes  does  not  appear,  but  it  was  doubtless  Thomas  Allen  Qlenn,  the 
editor  of  the  genealogical  department  of  the  magazine,  who  to  the  pres- 
ent writer's  own  knowledge,  made  some  researches  in  England  on  the 
Stacy  family.  These  "  Stacye  Notes''  do  not  give  all  the  marriages  of 
the  children  ;  those  below  have  been  supplied  firom  authentic  sources. 
This  list  agrees  with  that  in  raster  of  Chesterfield  Mo.  Mtg.  from  which 
the  dates  of  birth  below,  are  taken,  except  that  in  the  '* Stacye  Notes" 
Sarah's  birth  is  given  as  1676. 

Issue  of  Mahlon  and  Bebecca  (Ely)  Stacy  : 

1.  John,  b.  9.80.  1671,  at  Dore-House,  Hansworth,  Yorkshire,  died 
prior  to  his  father. 

2.  Elizabeth,  b.  8.17.  1678,  married  Abel  Janney. 
8.     Sarah,  b.  7.4.  1675,  married  Joseph  Kirkbride. 

4.  Mary,  b.  4.12.  1677,  married  Beuben  Pownall. 

5.  Buth,  b.  1.30.  1680,  married  first,  William  Beakea,  see  Note 
G.  ;  second,  Samuel  Atkinson,  (No.  6). 

6.  Bebecca,  b.  7.80.  1682,  died  in  infancy. 


I 


r 

} 


500  Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania. 

7.  IM>eoca,  b.  4.8.  1684,  married  first,  Joshua  Wright;  second, 
Thomas  Potts. 

8.  Mahlon,  b.  2.7.  1686,  married  Sarah  Bainbridge;  died  s.  p. 

The  discrepancy  in  the  date  of  Ruth's  birth,  between  the  Chesterfield 
and  Burlington  Mo.  Mtg.  registers,  (mentioned  in  footnote,  p.  342),  can 
be  accounted  for  on  the  supposition  that  the  latter  ignored  the  first 
Rebecca  altogether,  but  used  the  month  of  her  birth  for  her  elder  sister, 
Ruth. 

NOTEG.' 

William  Beakes,  of  the  parish  of  Backwell,  County  Somerset,  Eng- 
land, married  3  mo.  12,  1661,  at  North  Somerset  Mtg.,  Mary  Wall  (or 
Wain)  of  Olverstone.  (Register  of  No.  Somerset  Mo.  Mtg.)  William 
was  perhaps  son  of  Edmund  Beakes,  of  Portshead  in  the  northern  part 
of  Somersetshire,  one  of  the  earliest  converts  to  Quakerism  in  that 
region,  the  births  (but  not  William's),  marriages  and  burials  of  several 
of  whose  children  appear  on  the  register  of  North  Somerset  Monthly 
Meeting. 

William  and  Mary  Beakes,  with  their  son  Abraham  came  to  Pennsyl- 
vania in  the  "Bristol  Merchant,"  arriving  in  the  Delaware  River,  in 
12  mo.  1682.  Their  sons  Stephen,  Samuel  and  William  also  came  over, 
and  probably  at  the  same  time,  but  being  of  age  were  not  included  with 
their  parents  in  the  List  of  Arrivals.  William  Beakes  had  by  deeds  of 
lease  and  release,  July  26  &  27,  1681,  purchased  firom  Wm.  Penn  1000 
acres  of  land  in  Pennsylvania.  Thb  land,  or  part  of  it,  was  laid  out  to 
him  in  Bucks  County ;  Holme's  Map  shows  two  tracts  on  the  Delaware 
River,  in  that  part  originally  considered  to  be  in  Falls  Township,  but 
after  the  official  division  of  1692  in  Makefield.  A  300  acre  plantation 
"  near  the  Falls,'*  one  of  the  above,  was  patented  to  his  heirs  and  execu- 
tors, by  the  Commissioners  of  Property,  11  mo.  9,  1688.  In  right  of 
his  1000  acres  purchase,  he  had  two  lots  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia, 
one  on  Delaware  Front  St.,  20  feet  wide,  going  back  396  ft.  to  2nd 
St,  and  one  on  High  (Market)  St.,  26  ft.  front  and  306  feet  deep  ;  the 
warrant  for  these  was  dated  5  mo.  22,  1684 ;  surveyed  9  mo.  1,  1691 ; 
return  9  mo.  5  A  10,  1692  ;•  they  may  be  seen  on  Holme's  *'  Portrait- 
ure" of  the  city. 

William  Beakes  was  a  Member  of  Assembly  of  the  Province  of  Penn- 
sylvania, 1684  and  1685 ;  and  a  Justice  of  the  Bucks  County  Court, 
commissioned  April  6,  1685.     He  died  7  mo.  14,  1687,  intestate,  and 


'  For  much  of  the  material  in  this  note,  especially  the  English 
records,  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Warren  S.  Ely,  of  Doylestown,  Pa.,  a 
descendant  of  the  first  William  Beakes.— O.  H. 

'  Phila.  Exemplification  Records,  Book  7,  page  129. 


Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County ,  Pennsylvania.  501 

letters  of  administration  were  granted  his  widow,  Mary  Beakes,  9  mo. 
5,  1687.*  She  died  11  mo.  4,  1696,  [Jan.  1695/6]. «  They  had 
issue  ;  (births  of  Stephen  and  Samuel  from  raster  of  No.  Somerset  Mo. 
Mtg.): 

William,  b. ;  see  below. 

Stephen,  b.  2  mo.  28,  1665  ;  married  8  mo.  81,  1688,  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  William  Biles.  Stephen  Beakes  was  a  Member  of  Assem- 
bly, 1697.  He  bought  203  acres  of  Lionel  Britton,*  8  mo.  10,  1688 ; 
shown  on  Holme's  Map  in  Britton's  name.  He  made  a  deed  of  trust  ^ 
of  his  property  to  Samuel  Beakes  and  Phineas  Pemberton,  for  his  own 
use  during  life  and  after  his  decease  to  the  use  of  his  wife  Elizabeth, 
until  his  son  John  attained  the  age  of  21  years.  After  Stephen's  death 
his  widow  married  Matthew  Hughes. 

Samuel,  b.  1  mo.  14, 1666/7 ;  married  (circ.1694?)  Joanna  Biles,  sister 
of  his  brother  Stephen's  ¥rife.  For  account  of  the  Biles  family,  see 
WUliam  Biles,  by  Miles  White,  Jr.,  Penna.  Mao,,  XXVI,  58-70, 
192-206,  848-859.  Samuel  Beakes  was  a  Member  of  Assembly,  1705 
(vice  Peter  Worrall,  dec'd),  1707,  1708,  1709  and  1716/7  {vice  Thomas 
Stackhouse,  elected  1716,  but  refused  to  serve).  He  was  Sheriff  of  Bucks 
County  1695-1701.  He  bought  120  acres  of  Richard  Ridgway,*  4  mo. 
8,  1691  ;  shown  on  Holme's  Map  in  Ridgway*s  name. 

Abraham,  b. ;  married  Margaret  Hoopes,  daughter  of  Joshua 

and  Isabel,  of  Makefield  Township.  Joshua  Hoopes  was  one  of  the 
leading  men  in  early  Bucks  County,  being  a  member  of  Assembly  in 
1686,  '88,  '92,  '95,  '96,  '97,  1700,  '01,  '03,  '05,  '08,  '09,  and  1711,  but 
later  he  moved  to  Chester  County,  with  which  county  his  descendants 
have  been  prominently  identified.  Abraham  Beakes  and  wife  accom- 
panied her  family  to  Chester  County,  Abraham  dying  there  in  1708, 
and  his  widow  afterwards  marrying  John  Todhunter. 

William  Beakes  (II),  son  of  William  and  Mary  (Wain)  Beakes,  was 
High  Sheriff  of  Bucks  County  in  1689.  He  obtained  from  the  other 
heirs  of  his  father,  viz :  Mary,  widow  and  administratrix,  and  Stephen, 
Samuel  and  Abraham,  sons  of  William  Beakes,  deceased,  the  800  acre 
plantation,  which  the  Commissioners  of  Property  had  in  1688  patented 


*  Bucks  Co.  Adm'n  Book  A,  vol.  7,  p.  83. 

'  Middletown  Mo.  Mtg.  register  has  the  date  11  mo.  4,  1696, 
which  would  ordinarily  mean  January,  1696/7,  but  the  probate  of  her 
will  shows  that  in  this  instance  the  new  year  has  been  used,  and  that  it 
should  be  1695/6.  Her  will  was  dated  12  mo.  5,  1694/5  and  proved  12 
mo.  28,  1695/6. 

»  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  1,  p.  197. 

*  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  3,  p.  64. 

*  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Book  1,  p.  361. 


502    Atkinson  Families  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania. 


to  them  all.^  On  12  mo.  18,  1689,  William  Beakes  (II)  made  a  deed 
of  trust  *  to  John  Worrilow  of  Chester  and  Walter  Worrilow  of  Phila- 
delphia, for  this  plantation,  ''in  consideration  of  a  marriage  shortly 
(bj  Ood's  permission)  to  be  held  and  solemnized  between  the  said  Wil- 
liam Beakes  and  Elizabeth  Worrilow  daughter  of  Thomas  Worrilow  of 
the  County  of  Chester  in  this  Province  and  for  the  future  good  and 
advancement  of  ye  sd  Elizabeth/'  William  and  Elizabeth  sold  this 
March  20,  1694,  to  John  Snowden. 

William  Beakes  married  first,  about  1690,  Elizabeth  Worrilow, 
daughter  of  Thomas,  of  Chester  Co.  They  lived  until  about  1694  on 
the  800  acre  plantation  in  Falls  (or  Makefield)  Township,  already  men- 
tioned, after  which  they  moved  to  Burlington  County,  West  Jersey. 
They  had  probably  already  moved  when  they  made  the  deed  to  Snow- 
den, as  two  of  the  witnesses  were  Burlington  County  men,  Thomas 
Lambert  and  William  Emley.  On  Nov.  26  <&  27,  1707,  Beakes  pur- 
chased from  William  Emley,  100  acres  in  Nottingham  Township, 
adjoining  Mahlon  Stacy's  land  ;  he  lived  here  the  rest  of  his  life,  his 
first  wife  Elizabeth  dying  here.  By  his  will  March  24,  1710,  he 
devised  it  to  his  son  Edmund.  William  and  Elizabeth  (Worrilow) 
Beakes  had  issue ;  (births  Ifrom  register  of  Middletown  Mo.  Mtg.)  : 

William,  bom  8  mo.  3,  1691,  died  young. 

Edmund,  bom  8  mo.  3,  1692.  Inherited  his  father's  plantation  of 
100  acres  in  Nottingham  Township,  and  sold  it  Nov.  2  <&  3,  1713,  to 
his  step-mother,  Ruth  Beakes,  as  stated  under  6.  Samuel  Atkinson 
above. 

Walter,  bom  11  mo.  25,  1693/4,  died  12  mo.  8,  1702,  (register  Falls 
Mo.  Mtg.). 

William  Beakes  married  second,  JRuth  Stacy,  daughter  of  Mahlon  and 
Rebecca  (Ely)  Stacy ;  see  note  F.     They  had  issue : 

Sarah,  married  8  mo.  29,  1730,  Thomas  Potts,  Jr.,  of  Mansfield  Tp., 
Burlington  Co.,  son  by  the  first  wife,  of  that  Thomas  Potts,  whose 
second  wife  was  Rebecca  (Stacy)  Wright,  sister  to  Sarah*s  mother ;  see 
Note  F.     Their  son,  Stacy  Potts,  was  sometime  Mayor  of  Trenton. 

Stacy,  removed  to  Bucks  County,  Pa. ;  on  8  mo.  12,  1730  his  step- 
father, Samuel  Atkinson  requested  a  certificate  for  him  from  Haddon- 
field  (Qloucester)  Mo.  Mtg.  to  Falls  Mo.  Mtg.  He  lived  in  Makefield 
Township,  and  married  2  mo.  19,  1733,  at  Falls  Mtg.,  Mary  Bicker- 
dike,  of  Falls  Tp. 
Nathan, 

After  William  Beakes's  death,  his  widow  Buth,  married  7  mo.  12, 
1714,  Samuel  Atkinson  (No.  6),  son  of  Thomas  and  Jane. 

(To  be  continued.) 

^  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Books  2,  pp.  35  and  40. 

*  Bucks  Co.  Deed  Books  1,  p.  312,  and  2,  p.  38. 


Notes  and  Queries.  503 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 
flotee. 

Letter  of  Captain  John  Barry  to  Naval  Constructor  Joshua 

Humphreys,  in  the  '' Humphreys  Papers/'  The  Historical  Society  of 

Penosylvania. — 

Frigate  U.  States  in  Nantasket  Road. 
July  22d,  1796. 

Dear  Sir, 

It  is  not  in  my  power  at  present  to  reply  fUlly  to  your  letter,  but  so 
much  I  can  say,  that  in  sailing  out  of  the  Delaware,  the  ship  drew 
twenty  two  feet  6  inches  water  abaft,  and  twenty  feet  forward.  No  ship 
ever  went  to  sea  answers  her  helm  better,  and  in  all  probability  will 
surpass  everything  afloat.  Captn.  Decatur  thought  he  could  sail  with 
anything,  for  he  never  saw  a  vessel  he  could  not  come  up  with  or  leave 
with  ease,  until  he  got  alongside  of  the  United  States.  He  with  me  is 
of  opinion  that  she  will  sail  with  anything  that  floats ;  she  is  rather 
tender,  but  when  I  get  clear  of  the  Firewood  between  decks  and  some 
of  the  lumber  on  deck  I  hope  she  will  be  stifier.  The  day  I  left  the 
capes  I  discovered  your  favorite  foretop  Mast  sprung,  but  nursed  it  until 
I  got  here.  I  have  got  it  down,  and  am  now  getting  another  up,  that 
I  hope  will  do  better.  I  beg  you  will  make  my  best  respects  to  Mrs. 
Humphreys  and  family  and  believe  me  long 

Dear  Sir 
Your  Obedt  humble  Servt. 

John  Barry 

Rare  Edwin  PRiNTS.—On  page  854  of  the  Pennsylvania  Maga- 
zine OF  History  and  Biography  for  July,  1906,  Mantle  Fielding 
says  "The  engraving  [Washington]  also  resembles  in  general  descrip- 
tion and  measurement  Baker  208  and  Hart  859,  but  in  comparison  with 
this  print  Hart  No.  859  shows  the  well  known  Stuart  type  while  the 
print  in  question  differs  from  it  in  the  general  arrangement  being  from 
the  Birch  type."  Had  Mr.  Fielding  carefully  studied  my  Chialogue  of 
the  Engraved  Portraits  of  Washington,  he  would  have  found  the  print  he 
thinks  he  has  discovered  described  under  Hart  278,  and  would  have 
read  this  note: — ''The  only  impression  of  this  print  that  I  know  is 
upon  satin,  without  any  lettering.  It  is  well  executed,  and,  but  for  the 
bad  drawing,  might  be  ascribed  to  David  Edwin,  whose  work  it  much 
resembles."  The  impression  on  satin  is  in  the  Baker  collection  of 
Washington  Portraits,  in  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  (Baker 
891)  and  the  newly  found  one  on  paper  belongs  to  Mr.  Henry  Whelen, 
Jr.,  who  advised  me  of  his  find  in  the  following  note. 

Philadelphia,  April  20, 1906. 

My  Dear  Hart  : — 

I  recently  secured  a  very  fine  copy  of  your  No.  278,  signed  by  Edwin, 
so  you  were  right  in  your  note.    It  is  cut  down  oval  to  the  outside  line 


504  Notes  and  Queries. 

80  there  is  no  title  to  report  to  you.     I  thought  you  might  like  to  make 
a  note  of  it  Youn  very  tniTy 

Hemry  Whelen,  Jr. 

To  Charles  Henry  Hart  Esq 

The  publication  of  this  correction  will  keep  others  firom  following  Mr. 
Fielding's  error. 

Charleb  Henry  Habt. 

Letters  op  Col.  Frakcts  Johnson  to  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne. 

BaxnoL  May  81, 1777. 
Dear  General — 

I  fear  by  your  not  writing  one  single  scrape  of  a  Pen  to  me,  since 
your  arrival  at  Head  Quarters,  that  you  are  under  an  apprehension  I 
have  neglected  you. 

To  remove  such  an  idea,  I  will  only  mention,  I  have  repeatedly  writ- 
ten to  you  since  I  left  Ticonderoga,  copies  of  which  Letters  I  yet  have 
in  my  possession. 

I  am  heartily  sorry  I  could  not  have  enjoyed  the  happiness  of  seeing 
you,  before  I  left  the  camp,  I  expect  however  in  a  few  days  to  do  myself 
that  pleasure. 

The  remainder  of  my  Regt  have  not  yet  received  their  proportion  or 
Blankets  (by  this  you  see  that  business  goes  on  much  in  the  old  Tract), 
this  deficiency  however,  I  shall  fully  supply  to-morrow,  Captns  Vernon 
<&  Potts  left  this  place  to-day,  in  order  to  draw  pay  for  their  Companies. 
Dr.  Sir  you  cannot  conceive  the  trouble  &  Anxiety  I  have  experienced, 
because  of  the  unsettled  state  of  the  Regimental  Accounts,  By  Heavens, 
My  very  Brain  is  (as  it  were)  eodled  into  a  kind  of  PaUy,  composed  of  old 
Musty  Papers  dt  Accounts — 

Please  to  inform  Major  Robinson  I  should  have  been  with  him  sooner, 
but  business  is  not  easily  done  in  Philada.  to  this  I  would  add,  I  have 
been  exceedingly  unwell.  My  old  Complaint  (the  billions  fever)  has 
again  visited  me — Yesterday  it  attacked  me  rudely.  I  have  now  two 
Bottles  of  Spaw  Water  A  a  small  table  of  Medicines  before  me, — a  gen- 
teel repast  you  will  say,  to  sit  down  to  especially  for  a  soldier.  My  Man 
Wm.  has  this  inst.  bro't  in  a  Bottle  of  Buttermilk,  A  another  large  paper 
of  Medicines,  which  must  be  of  a  formidable  nature  indeed,  when  you  are 
inform' d  that  the  following,  brake  Jaw  names  were  written  on  the  out- 
side of  it  (Viz)  Absorbents,  Alkalines,  Neutrals,  Soap,  AstringentSy 
Means,  Tonics,  Antizymics,  Emetics  &  Deviletics. 

The  fever  is  somewhat  abated  A  I  trust,  that  notwithstanding  my 
Damned  Ckdicoe  Oonstitutiony  I  shall  yet  live  to  be  a  Soldier,  die  one,  I 
am  persuaded  I  may.  My  best  respects  to  my  worthy  friends  Gknls. 
Greene.<&  Lincoln — 

I  am  Ever  Yours  Ac 

F.  Johnston. 

Cross  Roads  March  Slot  1778. 
Dear  Genl. 

I  should  have  written  you  by  my  friend  Coll.  Delany,  but  his  Motions 
were  too  sudden  for  me.  He  (contrary  to  the  old  Maxim  of  Philosophy 
''  Great  Bodies  move  slow  ")  moves  most  rapidly,  indeed  he  moved  from 


Notes  and  Queries.  506 

here  in  a  tangent,  before  I  was  aware  of  it — bo  that  I  had  it  not  in  my 
power  to  trouble  you  sooner  with  my  scrolls — 

I  congratulate  you  on  that  arriyal  of  my  worthy  friend  Ck)l].  Frazer, 
I  long  to  hear  the  particulars  of  his  escape.  Poor  Hannums  too,  I  learn 
has  been  equally  fortunate. 

It  is  needless  for  me  to  remind  you  of  my  desire  to  be  in  the  Staff  De- 
partment, I  have  talked  over  this  matter  with  you  at  large  already,  &  I 
trust  furnished  you  with  such  cogent  reasons  for  desiring  a  change  in  my 
situation,  as  will  prove  satis&ctory  to  you. 

But  enough  of  this — ^These  are  sordid,  selfish  ideas,  unworthy  of  a  Pa- 
triot A  beneath  a  soldier, — ^but  Mrs.  J — ^n  looking  over  my  Shoulder  cries 
out,  they  are  generous  Sentiments  becoming  -a  Hus — d  A  father  of  a  fam- 
ily- 

My  worthy  friend  Mr.  Reed  will  cooperate  with  you,  his  Interest  is 
great  &  I  doubt  not  his  willingness  to  oblige  me. 

Perhaps  I  might  be  appointed  Muster  Master  Genl.  to  the  army,  this 
is  an  office  I  wish  for,  I  am  sure  I  could  fill  it.  However  in  the  midst 
of  your  endeavors  for  me,  forget  not  my  Bank,  thtU  I  will  never  part 
with,  on  any  terms,  till  I  am  compelled — perhaps  my  weak,  crazy  Con- 
stitution may  compel  me,  but  I  have  better  expectations. 

In  a  few  weeks,  I  trust,  with  gentle  Exercise  A  cautious  living,  to  be 
able  to  join  you,  when  I  shall  be  wholly  guided  by  your  Determina- 
tions— 

I  should  be  glad  you  would  suffer  my  friend  Mr.  Delany  &  any  other 
Gkntn.  to  value  the  Sorrel  Horse,  as  I  can  get  a  most  noble  Saddle  Horse 
for  him — pray  let  me  know  poor  Paddy's  fate.  My  Compts.  to  Major 
Fishboume,  tell  him  I  am  greaty  indebted  to  him  for  his  firiendly  Let- 
ter which  I  will  answer  as  soon  as  possible. 

I  am  Dr  Gknl. 
Sincerely  Yours 

F.  Johnston. 

Babon  Steuben's  Questions  on  Fabming,— 

at  Steuben  the  28  of  May— 1791 
Baron  Steuben  requests  Mr.  Sizer  to  write  his  answers  to  the  following 
Queries. 
Q.  1.  The  Saw  Mill  beeing  in  perfect  Ordre,  How  many  feet  of  board 

can  be  Sawd  in  24  hours 
Sizers  Answer,  the  mill  in  rpair  in  twenty  four  Hours,   will  Saw  800 

feet  of  Boards. 
Q,  2.  How  many  Days  in  the  Year  may  be  rakened  that  the  Mill  can 

work. 
Am,  The  Mill  will  run  120  Days  in  a  Year. 
Q,  3.  What  is  the  currant  priss  of  1000  f ;  Boards  ? 
Ans.  The  price  of  1000  feet  of  Boards  5  D  : 
Q.  4.  When  these  60  Acres  are  fit  for  the  plow,  A  the  Saw  Mill  in 

Ordre,  what  nomber  of  hands  will  a  farmer   require,   for  the 

Cultivating  of  the  Land,  A  attending  the  Mill  ? 
Ans. 

Q,  5.  How  many  Yoak  of  Oxen  ?  for  the  same  Objects  ? 
Ans.  Three  Yoak  of  Oxen  will  be  needed. 
Q.  6.  To  Clear  one  Acres  of  those  where  the  Trees  are  only  cut  Down,  to 

Clearing  cutting  Down  the  remainig  trees  to  bum  A  preparing 


506 


Notes  and  Queries. 


for  the  plow,  Will  this  cost?  Leving  the  Aches  to  those  who 
Clear?  Calculet  to  DolUra? 
Ans,  To  Clear  one  Acres  will  cost  6  Dollars. 
Q.  7.  What  are  the  Wages  of  a  man,  hired  by  the  Year  ? 
Ans.  The  wages  of  a  man  by  the  Year,  60  D  ; 
Q.  8.  What  the  Wages  of  a  boy  by  the  Year. 
Am,  A  boys  wages  per ;  year,  80  D. 
Q.  9.  What  the  Wages  of  a  Woman  by  the  Year 
Ans.  The  wages  of  a  Woman  p  ;  years  26  D  : 
Q.  10.  What  the  Hier  of  a  Yook  of  Oxen  for  a  Season. 
Ans,  The  Hire  of  a  yoak  of  Oxen  for  Season  20  D  : 
Q.  11.  What  Quantity  of  Salt  Pork,  &  of  flower  will  be  requisite,  for 

Six  months  for  a  familly  of  6  persons  ?  Calculated  by  Barrils. 
Am,  Two  Barrels  of  Pork  &  Six  of  flower 
Q,  12.  How  many  Bouchels  of  Wheet  may  be  the  produced  of  one 

Acre,  on  my  Sixty  Acres,  in  a  commmon  year? 
Afu.  One  Acre  may  produce  15  Bouchell  Wheet  on  an  Everage  is  com- 
mon. 
Q,  18.  What  may  be  reckoned  the  profit,  in  Dollars,  fix>m  on  Acre 

planted  with  indien  Com  ? 
Ans.  One  Acre  planted  with  indien  Com  15,  D  : 
Q.  14.   What  the  profit  in  planting  Potaetos?    All  the  Calculations 

are  to  be  made  out  in  Silver  Dollars. 
Am,  One  Acre  Potatoes  may  produce  100  Bouchels  ad  2V|  p  :  B.  25. — 
Q.  15.  What  will  be    the  cost,  for  sawing,   the  Timber,  bords   etc 

necessairy  for  the  Construction  of  a  Grist  mill  ? 
Arts.  Boards  or  the  Grist  mill  8000  feet    .         .         .  15  D. 

probably  1000  feet  of  Plank.  ....         10. 

Studing  Sc  joice  &  whel  Timber        ....  5. 

30^ 
the  Largest 


Q,  16.  What  the  same  Articles  for  building  a  Bam  of 

Size? 
Ans,  for  a  Bam  50  f ;  long  by  80. 

4650  feet  of  Boards        .  .... 

for  Thraching  &  Stabel  flor 

800  f ;  of  plank  at  1  Doll 


Ans, 


.         .         .         .         •       24J 

J8_ 

82} 

17.  What  is  the  Value  of  a  Bouchel  of  Wheet  on  this  Spot  or  in 
the  Neihberhood  ? 
The  Value  of  a  B.  of  wheet  6Va 

By  this  Calculation — 
The  Expences  &  profits  of  the  Saw-Mill  &  the  60  Acres  Square 
in  Clearing  A.  Burning  fit  for  the  Plow  would  stand  thus :  for 
the  year  from  the  1.  of  Aug  ;  91.  to  92  the  Same  day. 

Produce  of  the  farm  &  Saw-mill        .         .         .         1242} 
Expence    .  ....  ...  665} 


Profit 


577. 


Funeral  of  Aabon  Burb,  referred  to  in  a  letter  dated  Princeton 
Sept.  16,  1836.  *' While  I  write  they  are  drumming  and  trumpeting 
poor  old  Aaron  Burr  to  his  grave.  The  funeral  is  very  pompous  for 
our  little  place.     A  great  retinue  of  mourners  !   nnd&t  command  of 


Notes  and  Qtieries.  507 

Judge  Edwards,  and  the  grandson  of  Pres.  Edwards,  also  Swartout 
BurPs  second  as  pall  bearer,  are  here  from  New  York  and  other  places. 
Burr  will  be  laid  at  the  feet  of  his  father,  the  president  They  say  he 
died  in  Christian  faith  ...  !>  Carnahan  preaches  the  funeral  sermon, 
which  he  has  been  keeping  in  pickle  for  six  months  .  ." 

A  State  House  Item,  original  in  the  Collections  of  The  Historical 
Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

1735  The  Honourable  John  Penn  Esquire  Dr. 

To  drawing  the  Elivation  of  the  Frount  one  End  the  Roof  Balconey 
Chimneys  and  Torret  of  the  State  House  With  the  fronts  and  Plans  of 
the  Two  offisces  and  Piazzas  allso  the  Plans  of  the  first  and  second  floors 
of  the  State  House 

p  Edbojnd  Woolley  £  5''(K'0 

Beced  the  22^  of  July  1736  of  James  Steel  the  above  mentioned  five 

Pounds 

p  me  Edmund  Woolley 

Letter  of  Rev.  Francis  Alison,  1776. — 

Philao*  October  ye  16 1776 
Cozen  Robert, 

I  received  a  letter  from  you  by  Colonel  Housacre,  &  one  by  an  ex- 
press named  Lukis,  which  is  dated  ye  first  of  this  month.  I  did  not  re- 
ceive ye  Letter  by  Housacre  in  time  to  get  ye  money,  before  he  went  to 
see  his  friend  at  Lebanon,  but  expect  it  on  his  return.  I  saw  y'  brother 
since  I  got  y^  letter,  who  was  determined  to  go  to  you,  or  into  ye  army 
if  I  could  promise  him  a  post  more  readily  than  you  could.  I  could 
not  serve  him,  &  I  questioned  whether  you  could,  as  men  who  had 
served  in  ye  Campaign  expected  &  deserved  posts  better  than  new  hands. 
I  also  learned  that  he  came  ofi*  in  a  sniff,  &  as  you  were  soon  to  be  home 
I  advised  him  to  avoid  expense  &  travel  'till  your  return,  &  this  he  did, 
but  left  a  letter  for  you  which  I  will  send  you. 

As  yr.  Regiments  are  to  be  ofiered  new  commissions,  and  men  will  be 
commissioned  to  fill  them,  by  the  Generars  approbation,  I  am  at  a  loss 
how  to  serve  you.  I  find  y^  your  necessities  &  inclinations  draw  you  to 
Philad^,  but  they  want  to  continue  as  many  as  they  can  officers  &  pri- 
vates of  your  Regiment.  As  Benj'  can  expect  no  advancement,  y'  I  can 
think  of,  I  have  procured  him  a  Surgeons  place  in  ye  new  Battalion, 
called  ye  12^  now  forming,  ye  officers  &  men  are  mostly  of  Northumer- 
land  and  Northamption  Counties.  As  it  would  give  me  pleasure  to  have 
your  appointmemt  nearer,  and  as  I  thouhgt  you  might  think  it  not 
friendly  to  part  you  from  my  son  as  soon  as  he  was  appointed,  I  apply' d 
for  a  first  Lieutenancy  in  ye  same  Regiment  for  you,  for  50  Captains  had 
applied  &  some  had  gotten  commissions  before  Benjamin  was  appointed 
&  I  could  not  get  you  in  that  Corps  a  better  birth.  This  evening  I 
spoke  to  President  Hancock  to  know  when  the  Express  went  off,  & 
mentioned  you.  He  told  me  all  ye  new  commissions  for  your  Regiment 
would  be  filled  by  the  appointment  of  our  Council  of  Safety  with  ye  ap- 
probation of  ye  General  Gates,  &  he  desired  me  to  try  to  get  y'  board  to 
appoint  you  a  Capt.  &  he  would  write  to  ye  General  in  your  favor  and 
to  another  field  officer.  I  will  desire  him  to  write  in  your  favor,  go  as 
it  will,  but  I  know  not  but  a  Lieutenancy  on  our  Frontiers  might  l^  ac- 
ceptable as  a  Captaincy  among  strangers,  especially  since  all  ye  officers 


* 


N 


i 


508  Notes  and  Queries. 

have  lately  had  their  pay  advanced,  Surgeons  and  Chaplains  excepted, 
who»e  pay  had  been  already  advanced*  I  think  a  Lieutenant  has  as 
much  or  more  than  a  Captain  had  formerly,  A  possibly  this  may  be 
worth  examining  when  you  receive  ye  last  months  pay.  Your  case  as 
a  first  lieutenant  lies  before  ye  Board,  tomorrow  Mr.  H —  desired  me  to 
try  if  they  would  make  you  a  Captain  in  ye  battalion  to  which  you  now 
belong.  I  know  not  what  to  do,  nor  which  would  best  please  you  ; 
could  I  get  you  a  first  Lieutenant,  A  first  on  ye  Boll  to  be  in  the  way  of 
Preferment  I  would  rather  chuse  it ;  but  a  Capt  may  sound  best  in  your 
ears.  I  wish  you  peace  with  Cod,  &  healdi  and  Prosperity,  and  am 
with  great  sincerity  yours  to  serve  you  Fra.  Alison 

P.  8.  Yesterday  my  petition  in  your  favor,  signed  also  by  several 
officers  of  ye  12*^  Battalion,  was  set  aside  for  two  reasons  ;  first  because 
there  were  a  vast  number  of  applications  for  Captains,  Lieutenants  &c 
earlier  than  ye  one  I  gave  in  for  you  ;  and  secondly  because  they  were 
unwilling  to  break  your  battalion.  I  have  got  President  Hancock  to 
write  to  Qen.  Gkites  in  your  favor,  &  if  you  can  get  a  recommendation 
from  him,  or  a  Certificate  in  your  favor  from  ye  Colonel  or  Lieutenant 
Col.  or  any  commanding  officers,  declaring  ye  good  behavior,  and  send 
it  to  me  without  delay  I  will  try  to  get  you  a  Captaincy  in  ye  II'  Bat- 
tation  ;  is  in  ye  own,  or  where  ever  you  would  rather  serve,  but  write  me 
by  ye  Post,  or  as  soon  as  you  can.  This  goes  under  President  Hancock 
cover,  &  will  be  safe,  wait  on  ye  General  &  ask  if  any  thing  be  written 
to  him  in  your  favor. 

Ye  ll*''  Battation  will  be  raised  under  a  famed  Virginia  Col.  whose 
name  I  forgot — here  I  can  have  some  interest.  F.  Alison. 

\  Death  of  Rev.  Richard  Eddy,  S.  T.  D. — We  regret  to  announce 

the  death  of  the  Rev.  Richard  Eddy,  S.  T.  D.,  from  1865-1868  Librar- 
ian of  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  bom  in  Provi- 
dence, K  I.,  June  21,  1828,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  years  com- 

/ ,  menced  to  study  for  the  minis^  of  the  Univenalist  Chuit^.     In  1850 

jj .  he  was  ordained  at  Frankfort,  N.  Y.,  and  held  pastorates  at  Frankfort, 

Rome,  Buffalo,  and  Canton,  N.  Y. ;  First  and  Second  Churches  in 
this  city ;  Franklin,  Gloucester,  Melrose,  and  Chatham,  Mass. ;  Provi- 
dence, East  Providence,  and  G^rgiaville,  K  I.  During  the  Civil  War 
he  served  as  Chaplain  of  the  60&  New  York  Volunteer  Infimtry,  and 
subsequently  compiled  a  history  of  the  regiment  In  addition  to  his 
pastoral  duties  he  was  a  versatile  and  prolific  writer ;  he  edited  7%« 
UniverBcdUt  Qttarterly,  for  six  years,  the  Uhiversalist  RegUter,  for  eigh- 

*'  teen  years,  and  his  ''  Universalism  in  America,"  a  work  which  involved 

thirty  years  of  research,  is  not  only  a  denominational  history,  but  one 
of  contemporary  religious  thought  and  of  progressive  liberal  ideas. 
For  many  years  he  was  Secretary  of  the  Universalist  Historical  So- 
ciety, and  since  1899,  its  President.  In  1883,  Tufls  College  conferred 
on  him  the  d^ree  of  S.  T.  D.  His  funeral  services  were  held  at  Glou- 
cester on  Sunday,  August  18,  1906. 

;  The  Mecklenberq  Declakation  of  Independence. — ^In  Septem- 

per  of  1904,  O.  J.  Lehman,  of  Bethania,  North  Carolina,  discovered 
f  among  the  papers  in  the  Moravian  Archives  in  that  town,  an  histori- 

/  cal  sketch,  bluing  on  its  cover  the  title  ''  Bruchstueck,  Aufsaz  von  den 

\ 


Notes  and  Queries.  509 

Vorkommenheiten  waehrend  dein  Revolutions.  Kriegewelche  einen 
Bezug  auf  die  Wachau  batten  bis  Ende  1779,"  40  pp.  In  tbis  sketcb 
Mr.  Lebman  found  a  pointed  reference  to  tbe  mucb  discussed  "Meck- 
lenburg Declaration  of  Independence,"  wbicb  be  translated  and  sent  to 
tbe  Charlotte  Observer.  Tbe  paragrapb  and  its  translation  are  as  fol- 
lows:  "Icb  kan  zu  Ende  des  1775  sten  Jabres  nicbt  unangemerkt 
lassen,  dasz  scbon  in  Sommer  selbigen  Jabres,  dasz  ist  im  May,  Juny, 
Oder  July,  die  County  Mecklenburg  in  Nord  Carolina  sicb  fuer  so  frey 
u.  independent  von  England  declarirte  u.  solcbe  Einricbtung  zur  Ver- 
waltung  der  G^eseze  unter  sicb  macbte,  als  jamalen  der  Continental  Con- 
gress bemacb  in  Ganze  getban.  Dieser  Congress  aber  sabe  dieses  Ver- 
&bren  als  zu  fruebzeitig  an."  ("I  cannot  leave  unmentioned  at  tbe  end 
of  tbe  year  1775,  tbat  already  in  tbe  Summer  of  tbis  year,  tbat  is  in 
May,  June  or  July,  tbe  County  of  Mecklenburg  declared  itself  free  and 
independent  of  Eogland,  and  made  sucb  arrangements  for  tbe  adminis- 
tration of  tbe  laws  among  tbemselves,  as  later  tbe  Continental  Con- 
gress made  for  all.  Tbis  Congress,  bowever,  considered  tbese  proceed- 
ings premature.") 

Miss  Adelaide  L.  Fries,  of  tbe  Wacboria  Historical  Society,  Salem, 
N.  C,  bas  recently  prepared  an  exbaustive  paper,  in  wbicb  sbe  proves 
tbe  autbenticity  of  tbe  document,  and  tbat  tbe  autbor  was  Traugott 
Bagge,  an  able  man  of  affairs,  who  lived  in  Salem,  on  tbe  Moravian 
tract  during  tbe  Revolution,  and  died  tbere  in  April  of  1800. 

In  tbe  Moravian  Archives,  at  Betblebem,  Penna.,  tbere  is  also  a 
document,  prepared  by  Rev.  Jobn  Ettwein,  wbicb  reviews  tbe  events  ot 
tbe  Revolution,  but  mainly  those  which  relate  to  Pennsylvania. 

Querfee* 

Infobmation  Wanted  of  Eably  Medical  Qbaduates  of  the 

University  of  Pennsylvania. 

Information  in  regard  to  any  of  tbe  following  named  graduates  in 
Medicine  of  tbe  University  of  Pennsylvania  is  desired  by  tbe  Alumni 
Catalogue  Committee.  Specially  wished  is  exact  information  as  to 
full  name,  date  and  place  of  death.  Academic  degrees  received,  and 
public  offices  held.  Letters  should  be  addressed  to  Dr.  Ewing  Jordan, 
Library,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia. 

1801  Geddy,  John  C,  Va. 

Bibb,  Wmiam  Wyatt,  G.  J^^^oS^^^.^ 

S^T!"'  ^'^^""""l'  S^-  M^reeiy,  jSieph,  Del. 

Gartley,  Samuel,  Pa.  McDonald.  Thompson,  Va. 

Hodge,  Benjamin  Combs,  W.  In-     ^ace,  Jobn,  Md. 

T      u    Tirii-      o.    u       T^    u     .  Meredith,  Charles,  Pa. 

Jacobs  William  Stephen,  Brabant.  Morris.  Charles,  Va. 

Lockette,  Henry  Wilson,  Va.  kelson,  William,  Va. 

Eoebuck,  Jarvis,  St  Croix.  Qswald,  John,  S.  C. 

Semmes.  Thomae^Md.  p^ce,  Thomas  D.,  Va. 

Tongue,  James,  Md.  Rogers,  Patrick  Kerr,  Ireland. 

X3Q2  Rowan,  Thomas,  N.  J. 
Thomas,  George  G.,  Va. 

Doreey,  John  Syng,  Pa.  Thompson,  Hedge,  N.  J. 

Duvall,  Grafton,  Md.  Washington,  William,  Va. 

Foissine,  Peter,  S.  C.  Whiteford,  Hugh,  Md. 


510 


Notes  and  Queries. 


f 


.  P 


1803 
Ashton,  Henry,  Va. 
Carter,  Robert,  Va. 
Downey,  William,  Md. 
Forpin,  John,  S.  C. 
Holmes,  Robert,  Va. 
Hutchinson,  James,  Pa. 
Mitchell,  John  S.,  Pa. 
Pendergrast,  Grarrett  Elliot,  Miss. 
Scott,  Franklin,  Va. 
Spencer,  Oliver  Hatfield,  La. 
Stevenson,  Cosmo  Gord<m,  Md. 
Walker,  John  M.,  Va. 
Walmsley,  Thomas,  Pa. 
Wilson,  Daniel,  Va. 
Young,  John  R.,  Md. 

1804 

Archer,  James,  Md. 
Atlee,  Edwin  Augustus,  Pa. 
Brockenbrough,  Austin,  Jr.,  Va. 
Camp,  John  H.,  Va. 
Cocke,  James,  Va. 
Darlington,  William,  Del. 
Firth,  Stubbins,  N.  J. 
Griffiths,  Elijah,  Pa. 
Hoskins,  John,  Va. 
Miller,  Peter,  Pa. 
Parker,  John,  N.  C. 
Pugh,  Whitmell  Hill,  N.  C. 
Rush,  John,  Pa. 
Shaw,  William,  Pa.  (?) 
Tyler,  William,  Md. 

1805 
Bryarly,  Wakeman,  Md. 
Burwell,  Lewis,  Va. 
Cleaver,  Isaac,  Pa. 
Cooke,  John,  Ga. 
Cooke,  John  Esten,  Va. 
Dangerfield,  Henry  P.,  Va. 
De  Butts,  Elisha,  Md. 
Douglass,  John,  Va. 
Evans,  George,  N.  C. 
Ewell,  Thomas,  Va. 
Gray,  Henry  M.,  Va. 
Howard,  William,  Va. 
Legare,  Daniel,  S.  C. 
Madison,  James,  Va. 
Mitchell,  George  Edward,  Md. 
Rees,  John  Thomas,  Md. 
Robertson,  Felix,  Tenn. 
Savin,  Richard  L.,  Md. 
Smith,  Thomas,  St.  Croix. 


1806 
Bloodgood,  Joseph,  N.  Y. 
Claiborne,  Devereux  J.,  Va. 
Cocke,  Charles,  Va. 
Creager,  Lewis.  Md. 
Cunningham,  Robert  M.,  Pa. 
D'Oyley,  Daniel.  S.  C. 
Dudley,  Benjamin  Winslow,  Kj. 
Floyd,  John,  Ky. 
Green,  Enoch  A.,  N.  J. 
Hall,  Richard  Wilmot,  Md. 
Hart,  John,  N.  C. 
McCall,  Edwin  L.,  Ga. 
McFarlane,  John  Henry,  Pa. 
Mathews,  Samuel  J.,  Va. 
Newcomb,  Daniel,  N.  H. 
Selby,  William  F.,  Md. 
Simmons,  William  H.,  S.  C. 
Tucker,  Samuel,  N.  J. 
Tucker,  Wright,  Va. 
Wacker,  Jacob  David,  Swabia. 

1807 
Anderson,  Edward,  Md. 
Baldwin,  William,  Del. 
Beasley,  Peter  J.,  Va. 
Britton,  John  De,  St.  Croix. 
Brown,  Richard,  D.  C. 
Bryant,  Thomas,  Pa. 
Clark,  Elisha  C,  Va. 
Custis,  Peter,  Va. 
Dobbins,  Daniel,  Va. 
Du  Pont,  Cornelius,  S.  C. 
Ferguson,  Samuel  Wragg,  S.  C. 
Gilmer,  John,  Va. 
Glenn,  James,  Pa. 
Grey,  Thomas  B.  W.,  Va. 
Hoomes,  William,  D.  C. 
Kello,  James,  Va. 
Knight,  Alexander,  Pa. 
Lowber,  Edward,  Del. 
McDowell,  James,  Ky. 
Miller,  Robert,  Va. 
Minor,  James,  Va. 
Moore,  David,  Va. 
Neill,  Henry,  Pa. 
Nelson,  William  R.,  Va. 
Ramsay,  John  Witherspoon,  S.  C. 
Robinson.  Charles  B.,  Va. 
Shattuck,  George  Cheyne,  Mass. 
Smith,  Samuel  B.,  Pa. 
Steptoe,  William,  Va. 
Thomas,  James,  Md. 
Thornton,  George  A..  Va. 


Notes  and  Queries.  611 

M  ABBH^  LL — Stout — Prall — Clark. — 

AfarshalL  Conrad  Marshall  of  Hopewell  twp.,  Hunterdon  Co.,  N.  J., 
is  said  to  have  settled  on  the  top  of  the  "  Witchamenting"  Mountain, 
two  miles  north  of  Pennington,  prior  to  the  Revolution.  He  is  said  to 
have  been  born  in  1729  and  to  have  died  1813.  He  had  a  son  John, 
born  1762,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  one  of  whose  grandsons,  James 
Wilson  Marshall,  was  the  discoverer  of  gold  in  California.  I  am  very 
anxious  to  learn  anything  at  all  concerning  this  Conrad  Marshall.  So 
far  I  have  been  unable  to  find  a  single  record  of  his  name  except  in 
fiunily  papers.  His  mother  was  probably  a  German.  I  shall  be  glad 
to  pay  for  information  concerning  the  ancestry  of  Conrad  Marshall. 

Stout^Prall,  Benjamin  Stout  was  married  in  New  Jersey,  probably 
Hunterdon  County,  Sept.  8,  1808,  to  Ruth  Prall.  Benjamin  is  believed 
to  have  been  a  son  of  Abner  Stout,  and  to  have  been  descended  from 
Richard  Stout  of  Middletown,  N.  J.,  whose  ancestry  I  am  trying  to 
trace  back  in  England,  with  some  success.  I  am  very  anxious  to  get 
the  line  from  Richard  to  this  Benjamin. 

Clark,  I  wish  to  learn  the  parentage  of  one  James  Clark,  bom  about 
1730-5  who  died  at  Amwell,  N.  J.,  about  1774,  leaving  a  wife  Hannah 
and  children  James,  John,  George,  Mary,  Thomas  and  Elizabeth.  I 
have  found  that  the  &mily  were  Presbyterians,  or  I  would  think  that 
they  were  members  of  the  Stoney  Brook  Clarks.     Can  anyone  help? 

Chas.  C.  Gardner, 

853  South  11th  St, 

Newark,  N.  J. 

Mountain  Family. — A  correspondent  in  London,  England,  sends 
me  the  following  marriage  licenses  for  Hampshire,  England — 

John  Mountain,  1736,  Andover,  and  Jane  Elcombe. 

Joseph  Mountain,  Andover,  and  Anne  Spearing  of  Winchester,  1726. 

Samuel  Mountain  of  Stockbridge,  and  Mary  Sutton,  Andover,  1709. 

Benjamin  Mountain,  of  Andover,  and  Eliz.  Penton,  of  Winchester, 
1726. 

John  Mountain,  of  Romsey,  and  Sarah  Shipton,  of  Andover,  1716. 

Robert  Mountain,  of  Winchester,  and  Eliz.  Leader,  1774. 

Eugene  F.  McPike. 

JSooft  noticed. 

History  of  the  **Bucktail8" — Kane  Rifle  Regiment  of  the 
Pennsylvania    Reserve    Corps.     (13th    Pennsylvania    Re- 
serves, 42d   of  the   line.)    By    O.  R.   Howard   Thomson   and 
William  H.  Ranch,  Philadelphia,  1906.    8vo.  pp.  466.    Illustrated. 
It  was  through  the  far  sightedness  of  Pennsylvania's  ''War  Gk>v- 
ernor,''  Andrew  Gregg  Curtin,  that  the  ** Pennsylvania  Reserves," 
composed  of  thirteen  regiments  of  infantry  was  organized,  which  won  by 
its  achievements  a  reputation  unequaled  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 
The  Thirteenth  Regiment,  *'  Bucktails,''  whose  history  and  services  are 
under  notice,  was  organized  by  Col.  Thomas  L.  Kane,  and  commanded 
later  by  Charles  J.   Biddle,  Hugh  McNeil,  Charles  F.  Taylor,  A.  E. 
Niles  and  E.  A.  Irvin,  participated  in  all  the  battles  and  skirmishes  from 
Draensville  to  Bethesda  Church,  when  its  term  of  service  expired.     The 
collection  and  publication  of  the  records  of  heroism  and  military  achieve- 
ments of  this  celebrated  regiment  has  been  successfully  accomplished 


k  % 


I 


512  Notes  and  Queries. 

by  the  compilers,  and  the  muBter  rolls  of  the  Field  and  Staff  Officeza, 
and  the  ten  companies  with  their  officers  and  men,  are  particularly 
valuable  for  the  details  which  they  contain.  The  index  to  names 
and  places  is  quite  full. 

Annual  Pboceedinos  Psnnbylyania  Soccbtt  of  Sons  of  the 
Revolution,    1905-1906.      Edited     by     Ethan    Allen     Weaver, 
S«»creUry,  Philadelphia,  1906.  8vo.  pp.  79.    Illastrated. 
This  attractive  publication  contains  a  list  of  the  officers  ;  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  eighteenth  annual  meeting  of  the  Society ;  the  Necrological 
Roll ;  and  the  seventeenth  annual  sermon,  preached  by  Rev.  Thomas  E. 
Green,  General  Chaplain  of  the  Society.     The  illustrationa  comprise 
reproductions  in  colors  of  the  flags  of  Col.  John  Proctor's  Independent 
Battalion    of  Westmorland  county  and  the  Floating  Batteries;  the 
bronze  tablets  erected  on  the  Northern  Liberties  school  house,  (site  of 
the  Barracks),  and  Independence  Hall ;  the  house  in  which  G^n.  Hugh 
Mercer  died,  and  St.  Peter's  P.  E.  Church. 

Local  Histobical  and  Biographical  Notbs  Collected  f&om  the 
Files  of  Newspapebs  Published  in  Easton,  Pbnna.  By 
Ethan  Allen  Weaver,  1906.   8vo.  pp.  819. 

Any  one  interested  in  the  history  of  Easton,  Northampton  County, 
will  find  in  this  work  a  wealth  of  historical  and  biographical  material, 
which  has  been  judiciously  selected  from  the  newspaper  press  of  that 
city.  The  edition  is  very  limited,  but  a  copy  wiU  be  found  in  the 
library  of  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

The   Pennsylvania   German   Society.    Vou    XV.    1906.    8vo. 

Illustrated. 

This  volume  contains,  in  addition  to  the  Proceedings  and  addresses 
at  the  Germantown,  October  25, 1904,  three  historical  papers  of  interest 
and  value :  The  Pennsylvania  German  in  the  French  and  Indian 
War,  by  H.  M.  M.  Richards ;  Frederick  the  Great  and  the  United  States, 
by  J.  G.  Bosengarten  ;  and  Old  Historic  Germantown,  by  N.  H.  Keyser, 
D.  D.  S.  Mr.  Richard's  paper  is  a  timely  contribution  to  an  important 
epoch  in  the  history  of  our  Commonwealth.  The  illustrations  are 
numerous,  and  the  edition  limited  to  550  copies. 


Officers  of  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.  513 


OFFICERS 


OF  THB 

HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


president. 
Hon.  Samuel  Whitaker  Penntpackeb. 

honorary  vi  cb*pre8idbnt8. 
Hon.  Craig  Biddle,  Henry  C.  Lea. 

vice-presidents. 

Hon.  James  T.  Mitchell,  William  Brooks  Rawlb, 

Hon.  Charlemagne  Tower,  George  Harrison  Fisher, 

Hon.  Hampton  L.  Carson. 

recording  secretary. 
Thomas  Willing  Balch. 

corresponding  secretary. 
John  Bach  McMaster. 

treasurer. 
Francis  Howard  Williams, 

AUDITOR. 

Richard  McCall  Cadwalader* 
VOL,  XXX. — 88 


514  Ofiiemrs  of  The  HiHaneal  SociMy  of  Penfuyhania. 


CURATOR. 

Grboory  B.  Keek. 


librarian. 
John  W.  Jordan. 

assistant  librarian. 
Ernest  Spofford. 


assistant  librarian,  in  charge  of  manuscripts. 
Jennie  C.  Wylie. 

historiographer. 
J.  Qran¥Ille  Leach. 


councillors. 

John  C.  Browne,  Samuel  Castner,  Jr., 

William  H.  Lambert,  John  F.  Lewis, 

Charles  Morton  Smith,  Edward  Robins, 

Simon  Gratz,  Israel  W.  Morris, 

William  Drayton,  John  T.  Morris. 

Hon.  William  Potter,  Hon.  William  P.  Potter. 

The  Ck)uncil  of  the  Society  is  composed  of  the  President,  Vice* 
Presidents,  Recording  Secretary,  Corresponding  Secretary,  Treasurer, 
Auditor,  and  the  twelve  Councillors*  Hon«  James  T.  Mitchell  is  Presi- 
dent and  Gregory  B.  Keen  is  Secretary  of  the  Council. 

trustees  of  the  publication  fund. 

Hon.  S.  W.  Pennypacker,  Hon.  James  T.  Mitchell 

Simon  Grat2» 

(John  W.  Jordan,  Editor  of  Publications.) 


V" 


trustees  of  the  binding  fund. 

Hon.  S.  W.  Pennypacker,  Hon.  James  T.  Mitchblz^ 

Simon  Gratz. 


Officers  of  The  Hisiarieal  Society  of  Pennsylvania.  515 


TBUBTESB  OF  THE  LIBRARY  7UKD. 

Hon.  S.  W.  Peknypacker,  John  Bach  MclfAtTER, 

Gregory  B.  Keen. 


trustees  of  the  qilpin  library. 

Hon.  S.  W.  Pennypacker,  Oeorob  Harrison  Fibher, 

William  Brooke  Bawle,  '  Simon  Gratz, 

Hon.  James  T.  Mitchell. 


TRUSTEES    OF    THE   ENDOWMENT    FUND    AND    THE 
MISCELLANEOUS    TRUST    FUNDS. 

Hon.  8.  W.  Pennypacker,  Hon.  Hampton  L.  Carson, 

Richard  M.  Cadwalader. 


TRUSTEES    OF    THE    FERDINAND    J.    DREER  COL- 
LECTION   OF    MANUSCRIPTS. 

Hon.  8.  W.  Pennypacker,  William  Brooks  Rawle; 

Hon.  Hampton  L.  Carson,  Gregory  B.  Keen, 

Edwin  Greblb  Dbeeb. 


trustees  of  the  pennsylvania  historical 
study  encouragement  fund. 

Hon.  S.  W.  Pennypacker,  William  Brooke  Rawlb, 

Gregory  B.  Keen. 


TRUSTEES  of  THE  BUILDING  FUND. 

Hon.  S.  W.  Pennypacker,  William  Brooks  Rawls, 

John  F.  Lewis. 


I  (   I 


516  Officers  of  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 


STATED  HEETINQ& 

Janoary  14,  1907.  Hay  18,  1907. 

March  11,  1907.  NoTember  11, 1907. 

January  18, 1908. 


Annual  memberehip    .        •        •  .     $5.00 

Life  membership 60.00 

Publication  Fund,  life  subscription     •        •        .25.00 
Pennsylvania  Magazine,  per  annum  (to  non-sub- 
scribers to  the  Publication  Fund)    •        •        ,8.00 

Payments  may  be  made  to  the  Curator  at  the  Hall,  1800  Locoat 
Street. 


INDEX. 


<  Family 


of  Taloe  in  genealogical  reiearch  are  printed  in  CAPITALS ;  names  of 
places  in  ito^ief.) 


Abstracts  from  letter  Tench  Coxe  to 
the  President,  lia-121 

Abstracts  from  personal  account  of 
Richard  Neave,  Jr.,  243 

ACKLAND,  Lady,  889 ;  husband  taken 
prisoner  and  joins  him,  389 ;  courte- 
sies of  Oen.  Gates,  30 

Alexander  I,  of  Russia,  print  by  Ed- 
win, 854 

Alison,  EeT.  Francis,  letter  to  Robert 
Alison,  507 

Amant'  Land,  294 

''American  Farmer,*'  St  John  de 
Crevecoeur  and  his  famous  "  Let- 
ters/* by  F.  B.  Sanborn,  257 

ANTHONY,  Family  record  of.  109 

ARMSTRONG,  Captain  James,  of  Lee*B 
Legion,  122 

Armstrong,  Major,  360 

Arnold,  General,  101,  208 

Articles  of  agreement  between  Benja- 
min Franklin  and  Lewis  Tlmoth6e, 
104 

Ash,  Lieut  Col.,  360 

Assemblies  of  Philadelphia,  history  of, 
122;  organized,  134 

ATKINSON  Famil.es  of  Bucks  County, 
Pennsylvania,  by  Oliver  Hough,  57, 
220.  332,  479 

ATKINSON.  Isaac,  220-224;  marries 
Sarah  Hough,  issue.  225 

ATKINSON,  Jane,  wife  of  Thomas.  75 ; 
children  of,  76;  marries  second 
William  Biles,  77;  death,  79 

ATKINSON.  John,  59;  early  Friend. 
63 ;  member  Knaresborougb  meeting, 
64;   death,   6G;   children.   66 

ATKINSON.  Joseph,  479-482 ;  married 
first  Janet  Cowglll,  482;  second 
Sarah  Silver.  484 ;  issue  of  both 
marriages,  484-485 

ATKINSON.  Samuel.  332-340;  death. 
840 :  will  341 ;  married  Ruth  (Stacy) 
Beakes,  342;  Issue.  343 

ATKINSON.  Sarah  (Hough)  marries 
Leonard  Shalicross.   225 

ATKINSON,  Thomas,  founder  of  Bucks 
Co.,  family,  66;  jolni  Friends,  68; 


death,  73;  biographical  notes.  73; 
will,   75 

ATKINSON,  William,  226-234;  mar- 
ries first  Mary  Hough,  236;  issue, 
236;  second,  Margaret  Baker,  236; 
issue,  237 

ATKINSON,  William,  Jr.,  844-345; 
will,  345;  married  Mary  Pawiey, 
346;   issue,   346 

ATKINSON  Family  Notes,  486-502 

AUREN,  Rev.  Jonas,  291,  445,  446 

Balch,  Thomas  Willing  contributes  the 
Swift   Family  of  Philadelphia,   129 

Bailey,  Col.,  101,  208 

Baldwin,  Col.,  97,  101,  103,  207,  208 

Bartlett,  Ensign,  95 

Hartley,  Ensign,  216 

BARR,  Olivia,  will  of,  466 

BARRY,  Capt  John,  letter  to  Joshua 
Humphreys,  503 

BATTEN-WRIGHT  Family  records, 
379 

BATTLE  genealogical  notes,  246 

BATTLE-PRICE  records,  246 

Beadeis,  Col.,  217 

Bcnfamin't  Ferry,  299  y 

BILES,  William,  marries  widow,  Jane  y^ 
Atkinson,  77;  death.  79 

Bibliography  of  early  catalogues,  Li- 
brary Company  of  Philadelphia,  803 

BJORK.  Eric,  287,  288.  289.  290,  291, 
293.  294.  295.  297,  445,  446,  447 

Blount,  Major.  360 

Bond.  Col..  92,  97,  217 

Rook  Notices.  124,  251,  382,  511 

Boude.  Dr.,  85 

BOWDEN.  William,  and  Farquahar 
Kerlock.  ledger  of,  121 

Brief  History  of  the  Monongahela 
Bridge.  Pittsburgh,  Penna.,  by  Her- 
bert DuPuy.  187 

BROWN,  Charles  Brockden,  burial 
place  of.  by  George  Vaux,  Senr.,  242 ; 
by  Stevenson  H.  Walsh,  248 

isrowne.  Capt.,  360 

Brudenel,  Chaplain,  889.  891 

Bure,  Lars,  289,  292,  294 

517 


i 


618 


IndtXt 


Burr,  Aaron,  fnntral  of,  606 
Borgoyiw,   0«ii.,   888,   889.   881.   892. 

407 
BorrUl.  Col-  218.  217 
BURTON,  Capt  Joahiia.  roU  of  oon- 

panj,  249-260 
Bust  of  Frmnklln  attrlbatod  to  Cen»- 

ehl,  the  work  of  Cafflere,  by  Cbarica 

Henry  Hart,  241 

Cifflere  makes  bust  of  Franklin,  241 

CALLOWUILL.  Tbomaa,  80;  extracts 
from  will,  81 

Campbell.  Lieut  Col.,  860,  864 

CampbeU.  CoL.  D.  Q.  IL  O..  218 

CarMtto  and  OoUbeck  Friends*  Min- 
utes, by  W.  M.  Merrine.  876 

Carpenter,  Samuel,  80 

Carson,  Hon.  Hampton  L.,  William 
Penn  as  a  Law  OWer,  1 

Chandos.  Duke  of,  107 

Christy,  Lieut..  94.  102.  108,  216 

Church,  Capt.  216 

CLARK  Family,  query  of.  122 

CLARK.  James,  811 

CUNTON,  Sir  Henry,  897.  898,  399, 
401 

CLUBB.  Rer.  John.  448.  449 

Coates,  Joseph  H.,  contributes  Journal 
of  Isaac  Zant  to  Wyoming,  1768, 
417 

€M4be6k  and  OarMtle  Frienda*  lilnntca, 
876 

Collins.  John.  271 

Continental  Army,  quotas  of  States  to 
complete,  1777,  878 ;  uniforms  of  of- 
ficers and  priTatea.  1779-^0,  247 

CouTentlde  Act,  Penn  a  Tictim  of,  7 ; 
trial  under,  8-21 

COWOILL,  Janet,  first  wife  Joseph 
Atkinson,  482 

COXB,  Tench,  letter  to  the  President 
on  possible  dissatisfaction  of  France, 
1797,  118-121 

Crane,  Major,  97 

CREYBCOSUR,  St  John  de.  aHa$  Hec- 
tor St  John,  bom,  269;  educated, 
260;  In  Canada.  260;  at  Shippens- 
burg,  260;  New  York.  260;  marries 
and  resides  in  Orange  Co.,  260 ;  Pine 
Hill  Farm,  daughter  Fanny  bom. 
260;  Tlsits  Canada,  Bermuda,  South 
Carolina,  PennsylTanIa  and  Nantuck- 
et 262;  imprisoned  In  New  York, 
262 ;  sails  with  son  for  London,  262 ; 
home  destroyed,  262;  wife  dies, 
268 ;  at  Dublin.  268 ;  sells  *'  Letters  *' 
to  London  publisher,  268;  Tlsits 
France,  268;  aids  Massachusetts 
naTal  ofllcers,  268;  ** Letters**  pub- 


In     F"gi«*«^,     Dublin     and 
France,   268;   Countess  d'Hondetot. 
264;    returns   to   New   York,    285; 
letter  of  Capt  FeUows.  266;  Tlslta 
children,    268;   returns   to   Franca, 
271;  daughter  Fanny  marries  Lnd- 
wlg  W.  Otto,  271;  editlona  of  hia 
works,  272 ;  meaiber  of  French  Acad- 
emy, 279 ;  dies,  282 
CREVBCCEnR,  Frances  America,  271 
CREVBCOSUR.  Louis    PhUlippe,    271 
CRBYBOEUR.  WUhelm    Alexander. 
279 

Darrach.  Charies  O.,  contributes  Chris- 
tian Gobfecht.  artlat  and  Inventor. 
866 

Dayton.  CoL,  101,  906.  207.  212,  S18» 
214,  216 

Decatur,  Capt  Stephen.  608 

DeHaaa,  Col..  216,  217 

D*HOUDBTOT,  Countess,  264.  271,  280 

DBLANBY,  CoL,  Sharps,  604.  806 

Deiawturt  Bible  records,  248 

DeUwart  MUltia  Company,  1808  and 
1807.  249,  260 

DBLBSDBRNIBR.  Bmlly  Pterpont,. 
**  Fannie  St  John,  a  RomaaUc  Inel- 
dent  of  the  American  Rsfohitloa,'* 
267 

DIGOS.  Thomas,  letter  to  FrankUn* 
1779.  106 

Doughty,  CoL,  92 

DnPuy,  Hwbert.  eoatrtbiites  Brief  Hla> 
tory  of  the  Monongahtfa  Bridgsw 
PIttabnrgh.  Pa..  187 


Barly  Alnmnl  of  UnlTerslty  at 

sylTanla,  122,  128 
EDDY.  Rer.  Richard,  death  of.  808 
Fidmonda,  Capt,  860 
Edmunds,   Albert  J.,   contributes  Tba 

First  Books  Imported  by  AsMrica'a 

First  great  Library,  1782,  800 
Edwin,    Rare    Printa    contributed    br 

ManUe  Fielding,  868 
Edwin,  Prints,  608 
Boo  Hmrbor,  296,  296,  298,  446 
Jfataio  Bpringt,  861.  868.  864 

FELLOWS.  Capt  OosUtus,  288,  2dS.. 

267.  268 
FIELD,  John,  80 
Fielding.  Mantle,  contributes  Bare  Bd- 

wln  Prints,  868 
Fine  for  firing  a  cracker  or  sqalh,  246^ 
First    Books    Imported    by    AaMriea*s 

First  great  Ubrary,  1782,  by  Albert 

J.  Edmunds,  800;  liat  of  them,  80» 
FITZHUGH.    William.    BerolatlOBaffr 

letter  ot  276 


Indtu 


519 


Frame  of  GoTemment  for  PeniftiylTA- 
Dia,  6 

France,  dlaaatlsfactioik  of;  agaiiuit 
United  SUtes,  118,  121 

FRANKLIN,  Benjamin,  articlet  of 
ainreement  with  Lewia  TimottaCe,  104  ; 
letter  to  Thomas  Dins,  106;  letter 
to  Mr.  Meyer,  107 ;  letter  from  Mrs. 
Franklin,  108;  Initiated  into  St 
John's  Lodge,  288;  elected  Grand 
Master,  238;  appointed  ProTincial 
Grand  Master  of  Penna.,  289;  de- 
posed and  appointed  Depnty  Grand 
Master,  239 ;  Tisits  Boston  and  Lon- 
don, 239;  French  Lodges,  240; 
Franklin  Portraits  hy  Charles  Henry 
Hart,  242 ;  portraits  from  letters  of 
Got.  William  Franklin  and  William 
Strahan,  379;  Got.  William  Frank- 
lin concerning  father's  portrait,  880 

FBAZER,  Gen.,  death  of,  389 

FREDBRIKA  BARONESS  RIEDESEL, 
by  Llna  Sinnlckson,  385 

Friends'  Burial  Ground,  Fourth  and 
Arch  streets,  Charles  Brockden 
Brown  buried  there,  242 

Fries,  A.  L.,  on  Mecklenberg  Declara- 
tion of  Independence,  609 

Gains,  Capt-Lieut,  360,  862 

Gates,  Gen.,  889,  391,  392 

Gifts  and  Donors  to  The  Historical 
Society  of  PennsylTanla,  372 

GOBRBCHT,  Christian,  artist  and  in- 
▼enter,  by  Charles  G.  Darrach,  365 ; 
ReT.  John  Christopher  Gobrecht 
father,  355;  birth,  856;  apprenticed 
to  dockmaker,  355;  self-Uught  en- 
graver and  die  sinker,  355 ;  Invents 
medal  ruling  machine,  855;  list  of 
portrait  plates,  356 ;  invents  reed  or- 
gan, 356;  designs  "Gobrecht  Dol- 
lar." 357;  medals  and  seals,  357; 
member  of  Franklin  Institute,  357; 
Engraver  U.  S.  Mint,  857;  married 
Mary   Hughes,   357;  issue,  358 

Ctoforth,  Nathaniel,  visit  to  Wyoming, 
418.  426 

GOLDNET,  Henry,  80 

GOOKIN.  Gov.  Charles,  298 

GRAEME,  Dr.,  85 

Grafton,  Duke  of,  107 

Greaton,  Capt.,  92 

Greene,  Gen.,  101,  208,  210;  letter  to 
Washington,  859 

GREY,  Earl,  letter  to  Francis  Rawle. 
411 ;  portrait  of  Franklin  described, 
418;  letter  to  President  Roosevelt. 
415 

HACKETT,  John,  84 


Haldimand.  Lieut  Geo.,  402,  404^  406 

Hand,  Col.,  92,  101 

Handly,  Brigade  Major,  98 

Hampton,  Col.,  860,  362 

Hardman,  Major,  860 

Hart,  Charles  Henry,  contributes 
Franklin  portraits,  241,  242 ;  Wilson 
portraits  of  Franklin,  Earl  Grey's 
gift  to  the  Nation,  409 

HARTLEY,  Ueut  Col.  Thomas,  101. 
103 

HATTON,  John,  letter  to  John  Swift 
138 

Heath,  Gen.,  92,  93,  97,  101,  114,  208 

HEATHCOTE,  Gilbert  80 

Henderson,  Lieut  Col.,  362 

HESSELIUS,  Anders,  arrives  from 
Sweden,  446,  447 

HBWES,  Mary,  married  Christian  Go- 
brecht 857 

Hill,  Richard,  80 

History  of  PhiladelphU  Assemblies,  122 

Hitchcock,  Col.,  101,  208 

Hough,  Oliver,  contributes  Atkinson 
Families  of  Bucks  Co.,  Pennm.,  67, 
220,  832,  479 

Howard,  Lieut  Col.,  860 

Hughes,  John,  421,  423 

HUMPHRIES,  Rev.  John,  449,  461 

HUMPHRIES,  Joshua,  Naval  Con- 
structor, letters,  376 ;  and  from  Paul 
Revere  and  Richard  Smith,  877 ;  Ban- 
Jamin  Stoddert  878;  Capt  John 
Barry,  508 

Huntington,  Gen.,  101,  208 

Hyme,  Major,  366 

INGLIS,   John,  director  of  Assembly, 

134 
Inscriptions    on    some    tombstones   at 

Yorktown,  Va.,  108 
IRISH   WILLS,   Samuel   Montgomery, 

458;     William     Montgomery,    454; 

Samuel  Montgomery,  455;  Elisabeth 

Montgomery,  455;  Olivia  Barr,  456 
Irvine,  Col.,   101,   116,  206,  207,  212, 

213,  214,  217 

Johnston,  Lieut.,  99 

JOHNSTON,  Col.  Francis,  letters  to 
Gen.  Wayne,  115.  116.  117.  504 

JONES  Family  of  Wales  and  Pennsyl- 
vania, genealogical  records,  contrib- 
uted by  Lewis  Jones  Levick,  866 

Journal  of  Rev.  Andreas  Sandel,  pas- 
tor of  "  Gloria  Del "  Swedish  Luth- 
eran Church.  Philadelphia,  1702- 
1719,  287.  446 

Journal  of  Isaac  Zane  to  Wyoming, 
1758,  contributed  by  Joseph  H. 
Coates.  417 


620 


Jndex. 


KalkanhuheH,  294 
KBBN,   Eric,   280,   292,  295,   296 
KENNEDY,  Rer.  Samael,  qaery  of,  251 
KBRLOCK,    Parquhar,   and   W.    Bow- 
den*!  Ledger,  121 
Kockerthal,  Joshua,  298 
KOLLOCK,  Magdalen,  flnt  wife,  150; 
Rebecca,  second  wife  of  John  Swift, 
150 
Kirkwood.  Capt,  SGO,  862,  864 
KNIPE,  Christian,  soldier  of  the  Rer- 
olntlon,  117 

Lacey,  Capt.,  100,  102 

Lafayette's  rislt  to  Lnlted  SUtes, 
1824-25,  873 

LARDNER,  Lynford,  director  of  As- 
sembly* 184 

LBS,  Qen.  Charles,  captured,  114 

I.e«,  Ueut  Col.,  860,  862,  868,  864 

Lemon,  Clement,  270 

Leonard.  Col.,  101 

LBSDBRNIER,  Lewis.  272 

Letters  of  Capt.  John  Barry  to  Joshua 
Humphreys,  508;  Thomas  Dlggs  to 
B.  Franklin,  106;  Mrs.  Pranklln  to 
husband.  108 ;  Col.  Francis  Johnston 
to  Gen.  Wayne,  115,  116.  117,  504 ; 
Capt  James  Moore  to  Col.  Wayne, 
118,  114.  115;  Admiral  Sir  W.  Penn. 
117 ;  Timothy  Pickering  to  James  and 
John  McHenry,  110,  111,  112,  113; 
Samuel  Powel  to  George  Roberts, 
244;  Edward  Shlppen  of  Lancaster  to 
son.  85 ;  EUsa  West.  248 

LBVICK,  Lewis  Jones,  records  of  Jones 
Family  of  Wales  and  Pennsylrania, 
866 

Lewea  (Del.),  French  plunder  it,  290 

Library  Company  of  Philadelphia,  bib- 
liography of  early  catalogues,  808; 
first  importation  of  books,  806 

LIDBNIUS,  Rer.  Abram,  446,  447, 
449 

Little.  Col.,  101,  208 

LITTLE,  Lieut  George,  263,  270 

lAtUe  Egg  Harbor,  295,  296 

LIVINGSTON,  Robert  C,  marries 
Alice  Swift  150 

LOGAN.  James.  80 

LOWTHBR,  Margaret  80 

McArthur,  Major.  864 

McCALL,    Margaret    marries    Joseph 

Swift  156 
McDougal.  Col.,  92.  101,  207,  208,  209 
McHenry.  Lieut,  103 
McHenry.     James    and     John,     letter 

from  Timothy   Pickering,   110.   Ill, 

112,  118 


McKlnney,  Ueut,  102 

McPIKB  Family,  880 

McVBAGH,  Col.  Benjamin,  Third 
Philadelphia  Militia,  117 

Malmady,  Col.,  860,  861 

Marion,  Gen.,  859,  860,  861,  863,  864 

Marony,  Capt,  96,  100 

MARRIAGES  from  Squire  Van  Booa- 
kirk*s  Docket  487 

MARSHALL  genealogical  notes,  245 

MARSHALL,  Conrad,  511 

Martin,  CoL,  92 

MASON,  Thomas,  extracts  from  will, 
88 

Masonic  Chronology  of  Benjamin 
Franklin  contributed  by  Julius  F. 
Sachse,  288 

Maxwell,  Col.,  217 

MATBURT,   Richard,  881 

Mceklenherg  Declaration  of  Indepen- 
dence, 508 

Medal  ruling  machine  inrented  by  C. 
Gobrecht  855 

Medical  Graduates  of  Unirerslty  of 
Pennsylrania,  information  wante<l. 
509 

Meyer,  ,  B.  Franklin  to,  107 

Middleton,  Col.,  860,  862 

Mifflin,  Col^  208 

Monongahela  Bridge,  list  of  stock- 
holders, 191;  officers,  192;  cere- 
monies attending  opening.  194 

Moore,  Capt  James,  letter  to  CoL  An- 
thony Wayne,  118,  114,  115 

Moore,  John,  448 

Moore,  Capt,  216 

MONTGOMERY,  wills  of  Samuel,  458 ; 
William,  454;  Elisabeth,  456; 
Samuel  (of  Armagh),  455 ;  pedigree 
chart.   457 

MOUNTAIN  Family,  251,  881,  511 

NEAVE.  Richard,  Jr.,  248 

Nelble,  George  W.,  contributes  Ser- 
rants  and  Apprentices  bound  and 
assigned  before  James  Hamilton, 
Mayor  of  Philadelphia,  348,  427 

Nlzon,  Col..  101,  108,  208 

NORRIS.  Isaac,  80 

Notes  and  Queries,  104.  241.  872,  508 

Ogden,  Lieut  Col.,  213.  217 

Orderly  Book  Fourth  Pennsylrania 
Battalion,  Col.  Anthony  Wayne, 
1776,  91,  206 

OTTO,  Ludwig  William.  271 ;  marries 
Fanny  St  John,  271;  death,  272 

Parsons.  Gen.,  101,  208 
PARSONS,  Isaac  880 
Patterson.  Col..  92.  217 
PATNTBR,  genealogical  notes,  245 


I' 


Index. 


$21 


Pendleton,  Capt,  365 

PENN.  William,  ai  a  Law  Giver,  con- 
tributed by  Hon.  H.  L.  Caraon,  1; 
Frame  of  Government  for  Pennaylra- 
nla,  6,  21;  rlctlm  of  Conventicle 
Act,  7 ;  trial,  8-21 

PBNN,  Admiral  Sir  William,  letter  of, 
117 

PBNN,  Hannah,  80,  81 ;  John,  81,  82 ; 
Margaret,  81 ;  Thomas,  82 ;  William, 
80;  WillUm    (son),  80 

Pennaylranla,  Unirerslty  of,  Alamni, 
122,  123;  medical  gradaatea,  500 

Pennsylranla  Gleanings  in  Ehigland,  by 
Lothrop  Withington,  80 ;  in  Ireland, 
453 

PENROSE,  Bartholomew,  83;  James, 
83 

PENROSE,  Thomas,  82;  wife  Elisa- 
beth, 82;  children  Anne,  Thomas 
and  Elisabeth  Lowe,  83 

Phillips,  Rer.  Francis,  imprisoned  for 
slander,  448,  440 

Pickens  Gen.,  380,  361 

Pierce,  Capt,  365 

Polk,  Col.,  360,  362 

Potts,  Capt.,  504 

Porter,  Col.,  217 

POWEL,  Samuel,  letter  to  George  Rob- 
erts, 244 

PRATT,  Rath,  511 

Prescott,  Col.,  208,  200 

PRESTON,  Samuel,  80 

PRICE-BATTLE  records,  246,  247 

Putnam,  Col.  chief  engineer,  102 

RAMBO,  Peter,  280,  202,  204,  207,  445 

Rawle,  Francis,  suggests  to  Ambas- 
sador Choate  restitution  of  Frank- 
lin's portrait,  410;  letter  to  and 
from  Earl  Grey,  410,  411 

Rawle,  W.  Brooke,  presents  letter  of 
Edward  Shippen  of  Lancaster,  85 

Bead,  Col.,  101,  206,  207,  208.  217 

Record  of  Anthony  family  of  Phila- 
delphia, 100 

Revere,  Paul,  letter  to  Joshna  Hnmoh- 
reys.  Naval  Constructor,  877 

Revolutionary  letter,  876 

RIEDESEL,  Baron,  weds  Frederlka 
von  Massow,  885 ;  commands  Bruns- 
wick troops  in  America,  387;  lands 
at  Quebec,  387;  with  Burgoyne*s 
army,  388 ;  wife  joins  him,  380  Bur- 
goyne*s  surrender,  301 ;  vent  to  Bos- 
ton and  Virginia,  80.1;  meets 
Washington  and  Lafayette,  303 ;  has 
sunstroke,  303;  at  Frederick  Spring 
Baths,  804;  to  New  York  for  ex- 
change, 804;  exchanged  and  given 
command  on  Long  Island,  400;  or- 


dered to  Canada,  401;  retoms  to 
Europe,  405;  promoted  Lieutenant 
General,  407 ;  sent  to  Holland.  407 ; 
died  in  Brunswick,  407 

RIEDESEL,  Baroness,  bom,  385;  por- 
trait by  Tischbeln,  386;  marriage, 
386;  husband  commands  Brunswick 
troop  in  the  Revolution,  881;  joins 
her  husband  in  Canada,  887;  hus- 
band prisoner  of  war,  joins  him, 
302;  meets  Gen.  Gates,  302;  Gen. 
Schuyler,  302;  guest  of  the  Schuy- 
lers*  302;  to  Virginia,  303;  meets 
Washington  and  Lafayette,  808; 
with  Washington's  family  at  Fred- 
erick Springs,  303;  guests  of  the 
Carrolls,  304;  at  York  and  Bethle- 
hem, 306;  guest  of  Gen.  Tryon, 
306;  Queen's  birthday  celebrated, 
308 ;  meets  Gen.  Loos,  308 ;  birth  of 
a  daughter,  300 ;  occupies  Sir  Henry 
Clinton's  country  seat,  300;  ICajor 
Andre's  visit,  400;  on  Long  Island, 
401 ;  in  Canada,  402 ;  daughter  bom 
there,  403 ;  returns  to  England.  405 ; 
visits  Royal  family,  405 ;  at  home  in 
Wolfenbuttel,  406 ;  husband  and  son 
George  die,  407 ;  death,  407 

Rights  of  Jurors,  decision  by  Lord 
Chief  Justice  of  England,  20 

Ritzman,  Col.,  02,   101,  207,  208 

ROBERTS,  George,  letter  from  Samuel 
Powel,  244 

Robinson,  Capt,  214 

Robinson,  Major,  504 

Rockingham,  Lord,  107 

ROSS,  Rev.  .SSneas,  380;  Rev.  George, 
440 

BUDMAN,  Rev.  Andreas,  288,  280, 
200,  201,  202,  204,  208 

Rudolph.  Capt,  360 

Ryan,   Lieut,  216 

St  Clair,  CoL,  217.  210 

ST.   JOHN   Family,  250 

8L  Johntbury,  Vt.,  250 

Sachse,  Julius  F.,  contributes  Masonic 
Chronology  of  Benjamin  Franklin, 
238 

Sampler  of  lady  of  Lewes,  Delaware, 
245 

Sanbom,  F.  B.,  contributes  the  "  Amer- 
ican Farmer,"  St  John  de  Creve- 
coeur  and  his  famous  "Letters," 
257 

SANDEL,  Rev.  Andreas,  Journal  of, 
287,  445;  preaches  first  sermon  at 
"Gloria  Dei,"  288;  remains  of 
Swedish  fort,  200;  visits  English 
clergymen,  200;  to  Tacony,  202; 
203 ;  preaches  at  Kalkanhnken,  203 ; 


I  -^  ' 


ttt 


Index. 


l/r 


UtatM*  2M:  Got.  BTmM  tfrHw. 
396:  marries  Maria  Matwa.  396: 
Tlslta  Bgf  Harbor  and  Ttdaltj  and 
pcMcbM,  295,  296,  445:  at  Maaa- 
tawny.  297:  Frrach  at  the  Capta. 
398:  Got.  Gookin  arrtvM.  298:  at- 
tend! wedding  at  Blk  rlTer,  445: 
bortee  Jonas  Anren,  446 :  at  Bnrllnff- 
ton,  N.  J.,  446:  ehnrcli  at  Oxford 
consecrated,  447:  preaches  at  New 
Castle.  447:  Jasper  STedberg.  448: 
at  Radnor,  448:  POt  of  locosts. 
448:  at  Chester,  449:  Got.  Keith 
arrlres,  451:  rlotent  storm,  451: 
sails  for  Sweden,  451 

SCHUYLER.  Gen.  Philip,  honss  and 
mills  bnmed  bj  BnTgoyne,  891:  es- 
terUins  the  Riedeseis,  892 

Senrants  and  Apprentices  bound  and 
assigned  before  Jametf  Hamilton, 
Mayor  of  Philadelphia,  1745,  848, 
427 

Sharp,  Col.,  217 

Shelbnme,  Lord,  107 

SHIPPBN.  Edward,  of  Lancaster,  let- 
ter to  son,  85 :  Joseph,  86 

Shnbrick,  Major,  365 

SILVER,  Sarah,  second  wife  Joseph 
Atkinson.  484 

SiUiman,  CoL,  92 

Slnnickson,  Llna,  contribntes  Frad- 
erlka.  Baroness  Riedesel,  885 

Smith.  Lieat,  102,  103,  216 

SMITH,  Richard,  letter  to  Joshna 
Humphreys,  877 

Soead,  Major,  860 

Soldier  of  the  ReTOlntion,  117 

Spencer,  Gen.,  101,  208 

SPRINGER.  Carl  C  298 

SPRINGBTT,  Maria,  80 

SUlkop.  SUna,  293,  446 

SUrk,  Col.,  02,  93.  98,  101,  206,  207 

State  Hou$e  item,  507 

Sterling,  Lord,  92,  101,  208 

Steuben,  Baron,  queries  about  farm- 
ing, 506 

Stoddert,  Benjamin,  letter  to  Joshua 
Humphreys,   878 

STOUT.  Benjamin.  511 

Story.  Alexander,  270 

Strahan,  William,  Concerning  portrait 
of  Pranklln,  880 

SuUiran,  Gen^  101,  209 

Sumner,  Gen..  860,  361 

SWIFT  Family  of  Philadelphia,  by 
Thomas  Willing  Balch,  129 

SWIFT,  Alice,  150 

SWIFT.  Charies.  150 

SWIFT,  John,  130,  181,  188,  184,  135. 
188,  189-149,  150 


SWIFT.  John  (son  of  Charles),  aat^ 
ried  Mary  Tmxtoo,  150:  la  war  oC 
1812,  151 :  rscalTes  Laf^ttts.  151 ; 
Mayor,  151 ;  Heuy  Clay  his  gwsat, 
151 

SWIFT,  Joseph,  180,  181,  182,  ISS, 
152,  154,  156 

SWIFT.  Mary,  130,  188 

Swartwont,  CoL,  92 

TALBOT,  Rer.  John,  446,  447,  448,  449 
Taicott.  CoL.  92 
TAYLOR.  Abram.  130,  181 
Teedyuscung.  in  Wyoming  Valley,  417 ; 

town  built  for  him.  417:  burned  to 

death.  417,  421.  422,  423,  426 
Thomson,  Gen.,  92 
Tlmothte,  Lewis,  articles  of  agreement 

with  B.  Franklin,  104 
TIPPET,  Mehltable,  married  de  Crava- 

coBur,  260 
TollsUdius.  Lars,  288,  297 
Townsend,   Lord,   107 
TRENT.  WiUiam.  448 
Tupper,  CoL,  210 

Uniforms  of  officers  and  priTatea  of 
Continental   Army,   177»-1780,   247 

VAN  BOOSKIRK,   Marriage  Docket*, 

437 
Vamum.  CoL,  101,  208 
Vaughan,  Lord  Chief  JusHce,  dedsloa 

of,  on  rights  of  jurors.  20 
Vsux,  George,  Senr.,  contributes  burial 

place  of  Charlea  Brocfcdea  Brown, 

242  ^ 

Vernon,  Ensign,  216 
Vernon,  Captain,  504 

Walsh.  Sterenson  H.,  notes  on  Imrlal 

place  of  Charles  Brocfcden  Brown, 

248 
WALDENFIBLD.  Sairael,  80 
Wales,    Samuel,   271 
WALLACE,  John,  director  of  issMaliiy, 

184 
Ward.  Col.,  02 
Ward.  Gen..  101.  208 
WASHINGTON'S    Hooaebold   Aceoant 

Book.    1798-97,    80.    158.    809.   459 
Washington,    Gen.,    letter   from    Gan. 

Greene.  859 
WASHINGTON,  Mary,  how  letter  ot 

was  obtained.  875 
Washington,  Lieut.  Col..  860.  862.  8tS 
Washington  print  by  Edwin.  854 
WAYNE.  Col.  Anthony.  Orderly  Book 

Fourth      Pennsylvania      Battalion, 

17761  91,  206 


Index. 


62t 


WATNB,  CoL  Anthonr.  02,  OS.  101. 
118.  115.  200.  207.  218,  214,  215. 
217;  Lettera  from  Capt  Jamoi 
Moore.  118-115;  from  Col.  FrancU 
Johnitoii.   115-117.   504 

Webb,  Col..  02.   08,   101,  208 

WEST,  Ellsa,  letter  to  her  klnefolk 
in  PeniuqrlTaiila,  248 

WeymoQth.  Lord.  107 

Wbeeler,  Capt.,   108 

WHITBURT,  Lleot.  Nathan,  08 

White.  Lieot  Col..  218.  215 

WHITE,  John,  180,  181,  188 

Wind,  Col..  101.  207.  200,  211.  212, 
218,  214.  217 

Wines.  Col.,  206,  207 

Williams,  Col..  860,  861,  865 

Wlinams,  Lient  Col.,  216 

Williamson,  Lieut.,  102,  108 

WILLING,  EUsa  Moore,  married  Jo- 
seph  Swift,   158 

Willis, .  101,  208.  200 


WILSON  portrait  of  Vfuiklln,  Bart 
Orey*s  gift  to  the  Nation,  by  Charles 
Henry  Hart,  400 ;'  biogra^iy  of  art- 
ist, 418 

Winshlp,  Capt.  108 

Withinarton,  Lothrop^  Pennsylvania 
gleanings  in  England,  80;  in  Ire- 
land, 458 

WRIGHT-BATTEN  fkimily  records, 
870 

Wyomino,  town  built  for  Teedynseong 
at,  417 

Tamall,  Joshua,  goes  to  Wyoming,  418 
Yorhtovm,  Ta.,  inscription  on   tomb- 
stones at,  108 

Zane,  Isaac,  sets  out  for  Wyoming,  418 ; 
at  Bethlehem,  418;  obtains  guides. 
410;  at  Fort  Allen,  410;  Prederick 
Post,  420 ;  building  of  Teedyuscung's 
town,  422;  BiU  Sock  Tisits  town 


OCTOBER.    1 906    fl^  i=    '^      No.  120 


Vol.  XXX. 


THE 


PENNSYLVANIA 
MAGAZINE 


or 


HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY 


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CONTENTS. 


PAaa 

i-r«>lt>rik.'i  Uaroncws  Uiedescl.     I5y  /.//*•'  Simiichon,     {Ittuftraftd)     885 

TIjo  WilHon  r-'itniii  of  Krauklin  ;  Karl  CJrey's  Gift  to  the  Nation. 

\\y  1  hi.-!'-'  Il-nrit  Ihtrt.     {J'urfnut.) 409 

Jtiiirnjil  of  N;i:i»'  /aius  Id  Wyoming.  17()«.     By  J^mph  If,  C'^'itcs.     417 
'•  A. •«••■. in;  of  Servants  H-zund  iiud  .\sjsigncJ  l»efore  James  Ilamil- 
toii,  M:i\<iruf  rhil.i«ici|«hi:i.*'      Ily  d'ojryc  W,  yeiU(.    {Con^ 
//•I/.;/.; 427 

Marri.i/.H  In  mi  J^-juiri?  V.m  Iloo-^kirk's  IV-ket.     By  Mahlon  Vn/i 

Iin<(,ri' 437 

KxiiM't-  from  \\iv.  Journal  of  Hev.  Andreas  Sandfl,  Pastor  of 
"<Jl«»ri;i  l)-i**  SwtMli-U  LiUlu-rau  Church,  Phihidelphia, 
17«j2-1711».     (f':nr'.i-fr-i) 446 

r^nii-vlvania   *  iI«':iiiihL's    in    In-land.     l>y    L'^fhrop    Wifhingfon, 

: '.•'•*''//».- /.y 453 

W:..-!iini.'tMnV  If..n-.h/ld  Ac- ..Juit-1'M..k,  17lK^-17l*7.  (Continved.)     459 

Ailiin^'.n  J'amilit  -   .,f  T.icks  i.'ounly,  rcnusylvania.     By   OltVir 

/i,-:i'.      trw/':«/.'..''.) 470 

N.iW  •<  ,inl  Queries 503 

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U':: -.ra  if  t!:e  ns!«ri«;a!  ^-ii  i"iy  "f  iVun.-ylvania.       .         .         .  518 

Iii.i^x 617 


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