Skip to main content

Full text of "The Pennsylvania magazine of history and biography"

See other formats 


I 


HANDBOUND 
AT  THE 


UNIVERSITY  OF 
TORONTO  PRESS 


• 


91- 


OK 


HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 


Vol.  XXVI. 


PHILADELPHIA: 
PUBLICATION    FUND    OF 
THE   HISTORICAL   SOCIETY   OF   PENNSYLVANIA, 

No.   1300   LOCUST    STREET. 
1902. 


CONTENTS  OF  VOLUME  XXVI. 


PAGE 

Commodore  John  Hazel  wood,  Commander  of  the  Pennsylvania  Navy 

in  the  Revolution.    ~ByJosiah  Oranville  Leach,  Esq.    (Portrait.)  .        1 

The  Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     By 

Francis  von  A.  Cabeen.     (Continued.)         .        .        .     7,207,335,443 

Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783.    By  Joseph  G.  Rosengarten.     (Map.)      25,245 

The  Lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Company  in  Merion.    By  Benjamin 

H.  Smith.     (Map.)         . 42 

William  Biles.    By  Miles  White,  Jr 58,  192,  348 

Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.   By  Lewis  Burd 

Walker.     (Concluded.} 71,224,322,464 

Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet.     "A  Letter  from  a  Merchant  in  London 

to  his  Nephew  in  North  America,"  1766.     (Concluded.}     .       81,255 

Philadelphische  Zeitung :  the  First  German  Newspaper  published 

in  America.     (Facsimile.} 91 

List  of  Patients  admitted  to  and  discharged  from  the  Marine  Hos- 
pital, Philadelphia,  1784.  By  Luther  R.  Kelker.  ...  92 

Memoirs  of  Brigadier-General  John  Lacey,  of  Pennsylvania.  ( Con- 
cluded.}  101,265 

Extracts  from  the  Journal  of  Charles  Clinton,  kept  during  the 
Voyage  from  Ireland  to  Pennsylvania,  1729.  By  Charles  H. 
Browning  ...........  112 

Letters  of  Presidents  of  the  United  States  and   "Ladies  of  the 

White  House."     (Concluded.) 115,271 

Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775.  (Con- 
tinued.}  126,280,390,470 

In  Memoriam  Charles  Roberts 144 

Notes  and  Queries 145,  286,  401,  477 

Book  Notices 158,  413,  482 

Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.     By  Ernest  H.  Baldwin, 

Ph.D.     (Concluded.) 161,289,417 

The  late  Ferdinand  Julius  Dreer .285 

The  Capture  of  Stony  Point.     By  Hon.  Samuel  W.  Pennypacker, 

LL.D 360 

(iii) 


iv      •  Contents  of  Volume  XXVL 

PAGE 

Interesting  Letters  of  George  Morgan  and  Aaron  Burr.     By  Hon. 

G.  D.  W.  Vroom 370 

Kecord  of  Marriages  performed  by  Kev.  John  Conrad  Bucher,  1763- 

1769.     By  Lather  R.  Kelker 375 

Lithographic  Portraits  of  Albert  Newsam.    By  D.  McN.  Stauffer      .     382 
Washington's  Plan  for  the  Attack  at  Germantown.     By   C.   H. 

Lincoln  ............     387 

Letter  of  Benjamin  Franklin  to  David  Hall,  1765      .        .        .        .389 

New  Building  for  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  .        .        .    469 

The  late  Charles  Hare  Hutchinson 476 

Minutes  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  1902  .  .  .483 
Officers  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  .  .  .  .485 
Index  .  ,  489 


THE 

PENNSYLVANIA    MAGAZINE 

OF 

HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 

YOL.  XXYI.  1902.  No.  1. 


COMMODORE  JOHN    HAZLEWOOD,   COMMANDER  OF 
THE  PENNSYLVANIA  NAYY  IN  THE  EEYOLUTION. 

BY  JOSIAH    GRANVILLE   LEACH,    ESQ. 

John  Hazlewood,  one  of  the  most  noted  naval  officers  of 
Pennsylvania  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  was  born  in  Eng- 
land about  1726,  and  became  a  mariner,  and  in  early  life 
settled  in  Philadelphia.  In  1753  he  was  in  command  of 
the  ship  "  Susanna  and  Molly;"  in  1762,  of  the  ship  "  Grey- 
hound ;"  in  1763,  of  the  brig  "  Monckton ;"  in  1771,  of  the 
ship  "Sally;"  and  in  1774,  of  the  ship  "Rebecca."  The 
latter  was  one  of  the  largest  ships  sailing  at  that  time  from 
Philadelphia,  and  in  all  of  these  Captain  Hazlewood  traded 
with  foreign  ports,  chiefly  those  of  England.  "When,  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  Revolution,  it  became  necessary  to  organize 
naval  forces  for  the  defence  of  the  Colonies,  recourse  was 
had  for  naval  commanders  to  the  captains  in  the  merchant 
marine,  there  being  none  others  at  hand  whose  training  in 
any  way  fitted  them  for  such  service.  Philadelphia  was  ex- 
ceptionally fortunate  at  this  period  in  having  among  her 
citizens  many  sea-captains  of  large  experience,  and  she  fur- 
nished for  service  in  that  great  struggle  a  number  of  men 
who  made  records  that  would  have  done  honor  to  the  most 
thoroughly  trained  officers  in  the  best  naval  forces  of  the 
VOL.  xxvi. — 1  ( 1 ) 


2  Commodore  John  Hazlavood. 

world.  Of  such  may  be  mentioned  Stephen  Decatur, 
Thomas  Truxton,  Charles  Biddle,  Nicholas  Biddle,  John 
Barry,  and  John  Hazlewood. 

Commodore  Hazlewood's  earliest  known  service  in  the 
Revolution  was  in  1775.  In  July  of  that  year  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Committee  of  Safety  adopted  measures  for  the  defence 
of  the  Delaware  River.  The  naval  part  of  the  defence  was 
the  construction  of  war-ships,  floating  batteries,  and  fire- 
rafts,  and  the  sinking  of  obstructions  in  the  river,  known  as 
chevaux-de-frise.  By  December  28  ten  fire-rafts  had  been 
constructed,  and  Captain  Hazlewood  was  appointed  com- 
mander over  the  fleet  of  rafts.  In  May  following  he  was 
selected  by  the  Council  of  Safety  "  to  survey  the  river  from 
Billingsport  to  Fort  Island,"  and  also  "  to  Survey  the  Chan- 
nel on  the  East  side  of  the  Barr  opposite  to  Fort  Island," 
and  in  June  he  was  ordered  to  "  construct  and  immediately 
employ  persons  for  building  an  additional  Guard  Boat  for 
the  use  of  this  Province,"  and  on  the  21st  of  that  month 
the  Council  of  Safety 

Resolved,  That  John  Hazelwood,  Esq'r,  be  appointed  Captain  and 
superintendant  of  the  Fire  Vessels  &  Fire  Rafts,  and  to  the  Guard 
Boats,  and  that  he  be  allowed  for  his  Services  36  Dollars  p  month  &  4 
Rations,  to  commence  the  day  of  his  first  appointment,  being  the  28th 
of  December  last. 

In  July,  1776,  he  was  one  of  the  "  committee"  of  three  sent 
to  Poughkeepsie,  New  York,  to  devise  plans  for  the  obstruc- 
tion of  the  navigation  of  the  North  River  by  fire-vessels 
similar  to  those  in  use  on  the  Delaware,  and  the  "  Secret 
Committee"  mentions  that  Captain  Hazlewood  had  "  fitted 
out  a  fire  vessel  in  a  martial  manner,"  while  the  Convention 
of  the  Representatives  of  the  State  of  New  York  voted  him 
the  thanks  of  that  body  and  the  sum  of  three  hundred  dol- 
lars for  services  rendered  in  this  direction,  and  on  October 
10,  1776,  the  Continental  Congress  recognized  the  impor- 
tance of  this  service  by  voting  him  and  the  two  other  mem- 
bers of  his  committee  « pay  for  preparing  six  sail  of  fire 


Commodore  John  Hazlewood.  3 

ships  at  New  York."  At  a  later  date,  precisely  when  is  not 
known,  he  was  promoted  to  commodore  in  the  Pennsyl- 
vania navy,  and  he  is  so  styled  in  the  proceedings  of  the 
Supreme  Executive  Council,  August  26,  1777,  when  the 
Naval  Board  recommended  to  the  Council  that  they  make 
Commodore  Hazlewood  "  an  extra  allowance  for  his  great 
trouble  and  extra  attention"  in  "  attending  and  directing 
fire  ships  and  rafts,"  to  which  the  Council  responded  by  or- 
dering that  he  be  paid  one  hundred  pounds  for  his  "  extra 
service,"  etc.  Eleven  days  later  the  Council  bore  strong  tes- 
timony to  the  eminent  fitness  of  Commodore  Hazlewood  for 
the  highest  rank  in  its  navy  by  placing  him  in  actual  com- 
mand of  the  naval  force  of  the  State.  Howe's  army  was  at 
this  time  advancing  into  Pennsylvania  and  his  fleet  was 
expected  up  the  Delaware,  and  the  Council 

Ordered,  That  on  the  present  emergency,  when  the  Enemies'  Army 
endeavouring  to  penetrate  to  this  City,  may  be  aided  by  a  Fleet  in  the 
Delaware,  the  actual  Command  of  the  Naval  force  be  committed  to  John 
Hazlewood,  Esq'r,  as  Commodore  in  this  Department,  on  account  of  the 
Age  &  infirmities  of  Tho's  Seymour,  Esq'r,  his  superior  Officer,  as  it  is 
manifest  to  Council  that  Commodore  Seymour,  in  the  present  State  of 
his  Health,  cannot  be  capable  of  that  vigour  &  activity  which  are  essen- 
tial to  the  service  at  this  time  of  danger,  in  which  the  most  strenuous 
efforts  of  the  stoutest  will  be  necessary. 

On  the  day  this  appointment  was  made  the  Council  in- 
formed the  State  Navy  Board  of  their  action  in  the  follow- 
ing words : 

As  Council  cannot  justify  to  themselves  or  to  the  State,  that  the 
actual  command  of  the  naval  force  should  continue  in  the  hands  of 
Commodore  Seymour,  whose  health  is  very  uncertain  and  whose  age  is 
far  advanced,  they  have  resolved  to  commit  the  real  command  of  the 
same  to  Commodore  Hazlewood,  as  you  will  find  by  a  copy  of  the  resolve 
inclosed. 

Five  days  later  the  battle  of  Brandywine  was  fought,  and 
on  the  26th  of  that  month  (September)  the  British  entered 
Philadelphia.  A  portion  of  the  British  fleet  entered  the 
Delaware,  and  shortly  afterwards  Lord  Howe  sent  a  flag  to 


4  Commodore  John  Hazleioood. 

Commodore  Hazlewood,  demanding  a  surrender  of  the 
Pennsylvania  fleet,  promising  his  Majesty's  pardon  should 
he  comply  with  the  demand.  The  commodore  replied  that 
he  would  not  give  up  the  fleet,  but  would  defend  it  to  the 
last,  which  reply  came  to  the  attention  of  Congress,  and  that 
body,  on  October  17,  adopted  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  That  Congress  highly  approve  of  the  brave  and  spirited  con- 
duct of  Commodore  Hazlewood,  and  the  other  officers  and  men  concerned 
in  the  defence  of  the  river  Delaware,  and  of  their  undaunted  perseverance 
and  resolution  to  maintain  that  pass  to  the  City  of  Philadelphia  to  the 
utmost  extremity. 

On  October  22  a  British  land  force,  under  Count  Dunop, 
made  an  attack  on  Fort  Mercer,  at  Red  Bank,  and  at  the 
first  sound  of  the  count's  cannon,  the  British  fleet,  consist- 
ing of  the  "Augusta,"  a  new  sixty-four-gun  vessel,  the 
"  Roebuck,"  forty-four  guns,  the  "  Merlin"  frigate,  the  "  Liv- 
erpool," and  several  other  vessels,  attempted  to  make  its  way 
up  the  river  to  assist  the  attack.  The  fleet  under  Commo- 
dore Hazlewood  immediately  engaged  these  vessels  and 
drove  them  back.  Going  down  the  river,  the  "  Augusta"  and 
"  Merlin"  ran  aground,  hearing  of  which,  the  commodore 
hoisted  signal  to  engage,  and  the  action  soon  became  gen- 
eral. The  "  Augusta"  took  fire  and  blew  up  and  the 
"  Merlin"  was  burned  by  her  crew.  Congress  took  early 
notice  of  this  event,  and  honored  the  commodore  with  a 
sword  for  his  gallant  conduct,  as  appears  from  its  vote  of 
November  4,  1777" : 

Resolved,  That  Congress  have  an  high  sense  of  the  merit  of  Commo- 
dore Hazlewood,  commander  of  the  naval  force  in  the  Delaware  river, 
in  the  service  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  the  officers 
and  men  under  his  command,  in  their  late  gallant  defence  of  their  coun- 
try against  the  British  fleet,  whereby  two  of  their  men  of  war  were  de- 
stroyed, and  four  others  compelled  to  retire  ;  and  that  an  elegant  sword 
be  provided  by  the  marine  committee,  and  presented  to  Commodore 
Hazlewood. 

A  land  attack  by  the  British  for  the  reduction  of  Fort 
Miiflin  soon  followed,  during  which  the  fleet  was  actively 


Commodore  John  Hazlewood.  5 

engaged,  losing  in  one  day  thirty-eight  men  killed  and 
wounded.  The  fort  was  captured  on  November  16  and  on 
the  18th  a  council  of  war  convened  by  General  Washing- 
ton was  held  on  one  of  the  commodore's  ships,  at  which 
Major-General  Arthur  St.  Glair,  Major-General  Baron  de 
Kalb,  and  Brigadier-General  Henry  Knox  recommended 
that  the  commodore  "  with  the  first  favorable  wind  to  at- 
tempt passing  up  the  River  past  the  City  of  Philadelphia  to 
such  place  as  he  judge  proper."  This  was  accomplished  on 
the  night  of  the  21st,  when  twelve  armed  boats,  thirteen 
galleys,  province  sloop,  ammunition  sloop,  convention  brig 
and  accommodation  sloop,  one  provision  sloop,  two  flats 
with  stores,  and  one  schooner  passed  the  city  without  hav- 
ing a  shot  fired  at  them,  and  took  refuge  in  the  Delaware 
above  Burlington.  The  history  of  this  fleet  from  this  time 
forward  is  briefly  told  in  the  "  Pennsylvania  Archives," 
Second  Series,  Vol.  I.  pp.  235,  236,  and  an  interesting  ac- 
count of  its  previous  service  and  engagements,  after  the 
British  came  up  the  Delaware,  is  told  in  a  letter  from  Com- 
modore Hazlewood  to  President  Thomas  Wharton,  Jr., 
under  date  of  December  1,  1777,  printed  in  the  "Pennsyl- 
vania Archives,"  Second  Series,  Yol.  VI.  pp.  47-50.  In 
August,  1778,  the  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania  determined 
that  a  large  State  navy  was  unnecessary,  and  recommended 
that  the  greater  part  of  the  same  be  disbanded.  Such  dis- 
bandment  followed,  and  Commodore  Hazlewood — he  being 
the  last  to  hold  that  rank — and  many  others  officers  were 
discharged. 

In  the  summer  of  1779  Commodore  Hazlewood  was  one 
of  the  committee  of  citizens  chosen  at  a  public  meeting  in 
Philadelphia  to  raise,  by  house-to-house  subscription,  money 
for  the  support  of  the  army.  In  1780  he  was  appointed 
Commissary  of  Purchases  for  the  Continental  army,  in  the 
city  of  Philadelphia,  an  office  of  great  trust,  involving  the 
handling  of  large  sums  of  money.  On  one  occasion  (Sep- 
tember 7,  1780)  the  Supreme  Executive  Council  ordered 
that  an  order  be  drawn  in  his  favor  for  one  hundred  thou- 


6  Commodore  John  Hazlewood. 

sand  pounds  for  purchasing  supplies.  In  December  of  the 
same  year  he  was  appointed  Receiver  of  Provisions  for 
the  Pennsylvania  militia. 

Of  Commodore  Hazlewood's  life  subsequent  to  the  war 
but  little  is  known,  except  that  April  11,  1785,  he  was 
chosen  one  of  the  port  wardens  of  Philadelphia.  In  1772 
he  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  St.  George  Society,  and 
from  1779  until  1783  was  a  vestryman  of  Christ  Church. 
He  died  at  Philadelphia  on  the  1st  or  2d  of  March,  1800, 
aged  seventy-four,  and  was  buried  on  the  3d  of  that  month 
in  the  graveyard  of  St.  Peter's  Church. 

Captain  Charles  Willson  Peale,  artist  and  patriot,  thought 
Commodore  Hazlewood  worthy  for  his  collection  of  Amer- 
ican heroes,  and  the  portrait  painted  by  him  was  purchased 
by  the  city  of  Philadelphia  and  placed  in  Independence 
Hall. 

Commodore  Hazlewood  married  (1),  August  10,  1753, 
Mary,  daughter  of  Charles  Edgar,  a  merchant  of  Philadel- 
phia. She  died  December  1, 1769,  aged  thirty-six  years,  and 
he  married  (2),  July  17, 1771,  Esther,  widow  of  Samuel  Lea- 
cock  and  daughter  of  Plunkett  Fleeson,  Esq.  The  chil- 
dren that  he  is  known  to  have  had  are, — 

1.  Thomas  Hazlewood,  born  August  30,  1757;  died  in 
1788;  was  captain  in  the  Pennsylvania  navy  in  the  Revo- 
lution. 

2.  Frances   Hazlewood,   born   January   15,   1775;    died 
young. 

3.  Susan  Hazlewood,  died  September  19,  1794. 

4.  John  Hazlewood,  a  lieutenant  in  the  artillery  company 
raised  in  Philadelphia  in  1794,  and  in  service  in  the  "Western 
Expedition  of  that  year.     He  survived  his  father  only  a  few 
weeks,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Peter's  church  ground  April 
13,  1800. 

5.  Ann  Hazlewood,  living  at  the  date  of  her  father's  will, 
February  22,  1799. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 


THE   SOCIETY   OF   THE    SONS   OF  SAINT  TAMMANY 
OF  PHILADELPHIA. 

BY   FRANCIS   VON   A.  CABEEN. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  XXV.  page  451.) 

The  newspapers  of  the  time  had  long  accounts  of  "  The 
Bull  Baiting  in  Parliament,"  as  the  attack  of  "Wedderburn 
upon  Franklin  before  the  Privy  Council  was  called. 

On  Tuesday,  May  3,  a  very  exciting  event  took  place  in 
Philadelphia  in  consequence  of  the  publication  of  the  above 
facts,  and  as  it  shows  the  feelings  of  the  populace,  we  give 
a  very  full  account  taken  from  a  newspaper  of  the  day  fol- 
lowing : 

"  Yesterday  about  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  the  effi- 
gies of  Alexander  "Wedderburn,  Esq.,  convicted  of  traducing 
the  American  Colonies  and  insulting  their  Agent  before  his 
Majesty's  Privy  Council  for  doing  his  duty,  and  of  Thomas 
Hutchinson,  Esq.,  Governor  of  Massachusetts  Bay  convicted 
of  an  attempt  to  incense  Great  Britain  against  her  Colonies, 
were  put  into  a  cart  and  conducted  through  the  streets  of 
the  City.  On  the  breast  of  Wedderburn  the  following 
label  was  fixed : 

"  'THE  INFAMOUS 
WEDDERBURNE. 

A  pert  prime  Prater  of  a  scabby  Kace 
Guilt  in  his  Heart  and  Famine  in  his  Face ! 

(CHURCHILL  altered) 

Similis  Proteo  mutet — et  fallacior  Catalina 
Hunc  vos  Bratanni  cavete  !J 

"  He  availed  himself  of  the  licence  of  the  bar  to  insult 
the  venerable  Dr.  Franklin,  whose  knowledge  in  philosophy, 
universal  benevolence,  just  sentiments  of  liberty  and  inde- 


8       Society  of  the  Son$  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

fatigable  labors  to  promote  harmony  between  Britain  and 
her  Colonies  entitle  him  to  the  esteem  of  the  learned  of 
every  nation,  the  love  of  all  good  men  and  sincere  affection 
of  every  honest  Briton  and  American. 

"  But  the  base  born  sollicitor  who  attempted  to  turn  his 
learning,  benevolence  and  patriotism  into  ridicule  is  (like 
Hutchinson)  a  parricide  of  the  first  rank,  who  would  sacri- 
fice his  country,  his  liberty  and  his  God  and  delight  in  the 
carnage  of  the  most  faithful  British  subjects  in  America  to 
gain  promotion  at  court.  Such  horrid  monsters  are  a  dis- 
grace to  human  nature  and  justly  merit  our  utmost  detesta- 
tion and  the  gallows  to  which  they  are  assigned  and  then 
burnt  with  electric  Fire.  With  several  others  and  the  fol- 
lowing lines  from  Hudibras. 

"  '  So  a  wild  Tartar,  when  he  spies 
A  man  that's  handsome,  valiant,  wise 
If  he  can  kill  him  thinks  t' inherit 
His  wit,  his  beauty,  and  his  spirit, 
As  if  just  so  much  he  enjoy' d 
As  in  an  other  is  destroy' d.' 

"  On  Governor  Hutchinson's  heart  was  fixed  the  follow- 
ing label.  '  Governor  Hutchinson,  whom  we  now  consign 
to  the  gallows  and  flames  as  the  only  proper  reward  for 
double  dealing  and  treachery  to  his  native  country.' 

"  After  being  exposed  for  several  hours  they  were  hung 
and  burnt  in  the  evening  amidst  a  vast  concourse  of  people 
who  testified  their  resentment  against  the  originals  with  the 
loudest  acclamations."  l 

As  our  Society  was  yet  but  an  infant  in  comparison  with 
some  of  the  others  that  met  at  regular  stated  intervals 
during  the  year,  and  as  the  aims  of  its  members  were,  as 
we  believe,  very  pro-American,  as  against  the  mother  coun- 
try, the  exciting  times  upon  which  they  were  just  entering 
may,  along  with  desertions  from  their  ranks,  have  prevented 

1  Penna.  Gazette,  May  4,  1774. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.       9 

their  holding  a  meeting  as  usual.  Or  it  may  be  that,  owing 
to  their  previous  chronicler,  Goddard,  having  left  the  city 
early  in  the  year,  no  one  took  the  trouble  to  send  an  account 
of  their  proceedings  to  the  papers.  Certain  it  is  that  we 
have  searched  in  vain  in  the  prints  of  this  year  for  any 
notice  of  them.1 

Graydon,  in  his  Memoirs,  speaking  of  the  winter  of 
1774-75,  says,  "But  a  period  was  now  approaching  which 
tended  equally  to  interrupt  the  pursuits  of  pleasure  and  of 
business.  .  .  .  The  ministry  seemed  resolved  upon  enforcing 
their  assumed  right  of  taxing  the  colonies,  and  there  was  an 
equal  determination  on  the  part  of  America  to  resist  the 
pretention.  .  .  .  But  waving  analogies,  that  may  be  fitter 
for  illustrations  than  arguments,  the  merits  of  the  question 
were,  I  think,  on  the  side  of  the  colonies ;  and  the  inference 
that  the  authority  contended  for  by  Britain  would  ultimately 
reduce  them  to  vassalage  was  by  no  means  chimerical. 

"  This  being  generally  perceived  and  assented  to,  a  great 
proportion  and  perhaps  a  great  majority  of  the  most 
wealthy  and  respectable  in  each  of  the  provinces  was 
arrayed  in  opposition  to  the  Ministerial  claim.  I  speak  of 
the  early  stages  of  the  contest.  In  Pennsylvania  this  was 
certainly  the  case,  though  as  to  the  extent  to  which  the  op- 
position should  be  carried,  there  was  doubtless  a  great  di- 
versity of  opinion ;  Many  sincere  Whigs  considering  a  sep- 
aration from  the  Mother  country  as  the  greatest  evil  that 
could  befall  us.  The  Merchants  were  on  the  Whig  side 
with  few  exceptions ;  and  the  lawyers,  who,  from  the  bent 
of  their  studies,  as  well  as  their  habit  of  speaking  in  public 
were  best  qualified  to  take  a  lead  in  the  various  assemblies 

1  "ANXIOUS  INQUIRIES  OF  THE  SUNDAY  DISPATCH,  p.  34. — Sub- 
scriber wishes  to  know  the  origin  of  Tammany  Society? 

"It  was  originally  instituted  as  a  benevolent  society  on  the  com- 
mencement of  our  Government  in  order  to  protect  our  red  brethren  and 
induce  them  to  enter  into  treaties  of  peace  with  us  and  give  up  a  savage 
border  warfare.  They  were  originally  called  Sons  of  Liberty  and  Friends 
to  the  Constitution  and  Union  of  the  States." 


10     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

that  became  necessary,  were  little  less  unanimous  in  the 
same  cause." 

That  the  Tammany  Society  was  in  existence  in  1775  we 
can  infer  from  the  following  poem  that  was  addressed  to  it, 
and  we  must  frankly  add  that  this  is  the  only  record  we 
can  find  of  it  in  this  year. 

"  The  Address  of  Liberty,  to  the  Buckskins  of  Pennsylvania,  on 
hearing  of  the  intended  Provincial  Congress. 

"Fair  Liberty,  dear  Goddess  Bright — 
Wishing  to  set  the  Pennites  right — 
Thus  from  her  Throne,  in  candid  Strains, 
Addressed  her  Pennsylvan  Swain. 
Can  public  Virtue  by  me  stand, 

See  Faction  stalking  through  the  Land  ? 

Faction  that  Fiend,  begat  in  Hell- 
In  Boston  nurs'd — here  brought  to  dwell 
By  Congress,  who,  in  airy  Freak, 
Conven'd  to  plan  a  Republic  ? 
Will  Helmsmen  let  the  Ship  of  State, 
Meet  with  so  dire,  shipwreck' d  a  Fate  ? 
Can  Judges,  fam'd  for  Probity 

Sit  tame  Spectators  by,  and  see 

The  Laws  oppugn' d  by  Committee — 

Who  Laugh  at  Courts,  and  Loyalty  ? 

Can  peaceful  Quakers,  honest  Church, 

See  Congress  leave  them  in  the  Lurch, 

And  o'er  their  Heads  such  Vermin  perch ! 

Stop  Independents  !     Stop,  I  say  ! 

You  mean  to  fight — to  run  away  ; 

The  British  Thunder  you  defy, 

And  right  of  Parliament  deny  • 

Eevile  the  kind  Peace  making  Gage,1 

Who  with  great  Prudence  would  assuage 

The  fires  lit  up  by  H k's  Eage,2 

Which  unto  civil  Wars  must  tend,' 

Unless  the  Olive  Branch  we  send 

To  gen'rous  Britain  your  best  Friend. 

Stop,  Independents,  stop,  I  say  ! 

Attend  to  my  instructive  Lay ! 

|  General  Gage,  commander  of  the  British  forces  in  America 
Jonn  Hancock. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     11 

• 

Fysham  must  swing  on  yonder  Tree : — 
Dear  Friends,  an  Englishman  you'  11  see, 
Traytor  to  his  King  and  Country ! 
With  Hope  adorn'd  on  gallows  high, 
He'll  kick  in  Air,  in  Company 
With  the  Pennsylvan  Farmer  John* 

And  Charley  T ,  a  Kebel  Son,3 

For  Crime  by  Statute  called  Treason, 

Which  they  committed  without  Reason 

Well  read  in  Law  John  seem'd — Oh,  Shame  ! 

Not  so  was  it  with  poor  Fysham  ! 

For  ignorant,  alas,  was  he, 

Ignorant  as  e'er  Man  could  be  ! 

(Ignorance,  know  ye,  in  Law's  no  Plea) 

But  Farmer  John  inveigled  him, 

And  Charles  united  in  the  Scheme  ; 

But  Peace  the  Wight  enjoyed — dying — 

Both  were  by  his  side  a  crying, 

When  Eope  about  his  Neck  was  fix't, — 

He  clearly  saw  they  would  be  next 

Tuck't  up  aloft  on  self-same  Tree, 

That  he,  alas,  must  hanged  be  ! 

View,  Friends,  this  sad  Catastrophe, — 

Three  Rebels  hanging  on  one  Tree — 

Dead  as  Door  Nails — hung  for  Treason, 

Which  they  committed  out  of  Season, — 

Lives  lost — Estates  confiscated — 

Their  Fam'lies  left  discomfited,— 

A  horrid  Scene,  a  dismal  ditty — 

Good  lack-a-day — what  a  Pity  I 

Poor  Fysham  formly,  we're  told, 

Sold  goods  to  France  for  Sake  of  gold, 

'Tis  true  he  did,  in  Time  of  War, 

Yet  he  escaped  from  Rope  or  Tar  ; 

But  he's  o'ertak'n,  Hemp  has  reach' d  him — 

For  old  sin  his,  weight  has  stretch'd  him. — 


1  Captain  William  Heysham,  member  of  Fort  Saint  David  Society 
(State  in  Schuylkill,  page  402) ;  also  Hiltzheimer,  page  26  ;  also  Direc- 
tory, signed  Non-Importation  Resolutions,  member  of  the  City  Com- 
mittee of  Correspondence. 

2  John  Dickinson,  author  of  the  "  Farmer's  Letters." 

3  Charles  Thomson,  Secretary  of  Congress. 


12     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

View,  my  Headers,  this  sad  Picture  ! 
Hang  they  will  your  Gen'ral  Stricture. 
Unnat'ral  Deaths  some  Folks  must  dye, 
Sic  transit  gloria  mundi. 
Ah,  me  !  Deluded,  hoodwink'd  Cits, 
Eouse  from  your  Sleep,  resume  your  Wits  ! 
Honor  the  King,  obey  my  Laws  ! 
Don't  forfeit  Life  and  Lands  for  Straws  ! 
Had  those  mad  Bandits  been  discreet, 
They  ne'er  had  stretch'd  in  hempen  Sheet. 

"From  the  Temple  of  Liberty 
"  January  7th.  1775." 

It  may  not  be  out  of  place  here  to  give  a  short  account  of 
the  temper  of  the  times  at  this  period.1  The  news  of  the 
battles  of  Lexington  and  Concord  had  been  given  to  the 
public  in  an  extra  edition  of  the  newspapers  on  April  27.2 
The  feelings  of  the  people  of  the  city  were  so  much  inflamed 
by  the  news  of  the  conflicts  in  Massachusetts  that  a  self- 
exiled  Tory  from  this  Colony,  arriving  in  the  city  on  May  4, 
found  great  difficulty  in  securing  lodgings  when  he  made 
himself  known  to  the  people  from  whom  he  sought  shelter. 
His  friend,  on  receiving  him,  remarked,  "  We  will  protect 
you,  though  a  Tory."  3 

"We  find  in  a  newspaper  dated  Tuesday,  May  2,  1775,4 
that  on  the  Saturday  previous  the  Military  Associators  met 
and  determined  that  each  ward  of  the  city  should  form  one 
or  more  companies  of  soldiers.  Then  follows  a  list  of  those 
already  formed,  and  the  article  closes  as  follows :  "  In  short 
Mars  has  established  his  empire  in  this  populous  city,  and  it 
is  not  doubted  but  we  shall  have  in  a  few  weeks  from  this 
date  4000  men  well  equipped  for  our  defence  or  for  the 
assistance  of  our  neighbors.  Several  gentlemen  who  meas- 
ured the  ground  on  which  the  people  stood  at  the  meeting 
on  Saturday  are  of  the  opinion  that  their  number  amounted 
to  eight  thousand." 

1  May,  1775. 

2  Postscript  Penna.  Gazette. 

3  Ward's  Diary,  p.  26. 

4  Penna.  Evening  Post. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     13 

On  the  next  page  is  the  following  advertisement :  "  All 
persons  who  have  Fire  Arms  by  them  are  desired  to  give 
public  notice  thereof  and  dispose  of  them  at  a  moderate 
price  to  those  who  want  them.  It  is  supposed  that  there  are 
considerable  numbers  in  this  city  which  were  used  on  board 
vessels  during  the  War." 

We  can  see  that  it  was  hardly  a  time  for  dinners  and  jollifi- 
cations, but  rather  for  action ;  so,  for  the  time  being  at  least, 
our  members  were  the  followers  of  King  Tammany  as  against 
King  George.  The  warlike  conditions  of  the  times  urged 
them  to  remember  that  when  their  liberties  were  attacked 
they  must,  like  their  patron,  be  prepared  to  defend  them. 

The  next  record  we  find  is  the  following  poem,  which 
seems  to  us  to  prove  that  at  the  time  of  its  publication  our 
Society  was  still  in  existence  or  the  newspapers  would  hardly 
have  thought  it  worth  while  to  print  it,  for  in  those  days 
they  were  not  much  given  to  taking  up  space  with  matter 
of  local  interest.  It  is  also  interesting  to  note  the  fact  that 
in  the  introduction  its  members  are  referred  to  as  Sons  of 
Liberty.  This  may  have  been  merely  a  generic  term  for  all 
lovers  of  the  American  cause,  but  we  rather  think  not,  and 
that  the  editor  knew  what  was  most  likely  known  to  the 
majority  of  the  people  of  the  time,  that  the  moving  spirits 
in  the  Tammany  Society  were  those  who  were  either  mem- 
bers of  the  Sons  of  Liberty  or  at  least  held  their  pronounced 
views.  That  the  followers  of  Tammany  were  the  ones  for 
whom  the  poem  was  published  is  shown,  first,  by  the  sentence 
"  and  thinking  it  will  suit  extremely  well  for  the  first  of  May," 
which  day  was  the  one  always  celebrated  by  this  Society. 
Secondly,  in  the  last  line  the  poet  says,  "  And  hail  ev'ry  first 
of  Sweet  May,  my  brave  boys." 

"  The  following  humorous  song  was  solely  intended  for  the 
American  Tragi-comedy  entitled  The  Fall  of  British  Tyr- 
anny, or  American  Liberty  Triumphant,  of  five  acts  which 
is  now  in  the  press,  and  will  be  published  speedily.  Having 
been  favored  with  a  sight  of  the  manuscript  and  thinking  it 
will  suit  extremely  well  for  the  first  of  May,  the  printer  has 


14     Society  of  the  Sops  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

prevailed  upon  the  author  to  let  him  insert  it  in  the  Evening 
Post  on  the  eve  of  that  day  for  the  entertainment  of  his 
jovial  readers,  and  Sons  of  Liberty.1 

"  The  First  of  May,  A  new  Song  in  Praise  of  St.  Tammany,  the 

American  Saint — 
"  Tune,  The  hounds  are  all  out  &c. 
11  Of  St.  George  or  St.  Bute,  let  the  poet  laureat  sing, 
Of  Pharaoh  or  Pluto  of  old, 

While  he  rimes  forth  their  praise,  in  false  nattering  lays, 
I'll  sing  of  St.  Tamm'ny  the  bold,  my  brave  boys. 
Let  Hibernia's  sons  boast,  make  Patrick  their  toast, 
And  Scots  Andrew's  fame  spread  abroad, 
Potatoes  and  oates  and  Welch  Leeks  for  Welch  goats, 
Was  never  St.  Tammany's  food,  my  brave  boys. 
In  freedom's  bright  cause,  Tammany  pled  with  applause, 
And  reason' d  most  justly  from  nature  ; 
For  this,  this  was  his  song,  all,  all  the  day  long, 
Liberty's  the  right  of  each  creature,  brave  boys. 
Whilst  under  an  oak  his  great  parliament  sat, 
His  throne  was  the  crotch  of  the  tree, 
With  Solomon's  look,  without  statutes  or  book, 
He  wisely  sent  forth  his  decree,  my  brave  boys. 
His  subjects  stood  round,  not  the  least  noise  or  sound, 
Whilst  freedom  blaz'd  full  in  each  face  ; 
So  plain  were  the  laws,  and  each  pleaded  his  cause, 
That  might  Bute,  North  and  Mansfield  disgrace,  my  brave  boys. 
No  duties  nor  stamps,  their  blest  liberty  cramps, 
A  King,  tho'  no  tyrant  was  he ; 

He  did  oft'  times  declare,  nay  sometimes  would  swear, 
The  least  of  his  subjects  were  free,  my  brave  boys. 
He,  as  King  of  the  woods,  of  the  rivers  and  floods, 
Had  a  right  all  beasts  to  control  ; 
Yet  content  with  a  few,  to  give  nature  her  due, 
So  gen'rous  was  Tammany's  soul  !  my  brave  boys. 
In  the  morn  he  arose,  and  a  hunting  he  goes, 
Bold  Nimrod  his  second,  was  he  ; 
For  his  breakfast  he'd  take  a  large  venison  stake, 
And  dispis'd  your  flip-flops  and  tea,  my  brave  boys. 
While  all  in  a  row,  with  squaw,  dog  and  bow, 
Vermilion  adorning  his  face  ; 

1  Penna.  Evening  Post,  Tuesday,  April  30,  1776. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     15 

With  feathery  head  he  rang'd  the  woods  wide, 

Sure  St.  George  had  never  such  grace,  my  brave  boys  : 

His  jetty  black  hair,  such  as  Buckskin  saints  wear, 

Perfumed  with  bear's  grease  well  smear' d, 

Which  illum'd  the  saint's  face,  and  ran  down  apace, 

Like  the  oil  from  off  Aaron's  beard,  my  brave  boys. 

The  strong  nervous  deer,  with  amazing  career, 

In  swiftness  he'd  fairly  run  down, 

And,  like  Sampson,  wou'd tear  wolf,  lion  or  bear; 

Ne'er  was  such  a  saint  as  our  own,  my  brave  boys. 

When  he'd  run  down  a  stag,  he  behind  him  wou'd  lag, 

For  so  noble  a  soul  had  he  ! 

H'd  stop,  tho'  he  lost  it,  tradition  reports  it, 

To  give  him  fresh  chance  to  get  free,  my  brave  boys. 

From  his  quiver  he  drew  forth  an  arrow  so  keen, 

And  seiz'd  fast  his  imperial  bow  ; 

It  flew  straight  to  the  heart,  like  an  Israelite  dart ; 

Could  St.  Andrew  ever  do  so,  my  brave  boys  ? 

With  a  mighty  strong  aim,  and  a  masculine  bow, 

His  arrow  he  drew  to  the  head, 

And  as  sure  as  he  shot,  it  was  ever  his  lot, 

His  prey  it  fell  instantly  dead,  my  brave  boys. 

His  table  he  spread,  where  the  venison  bled  ; 

Be  thankful,  he  used  to  say  ; 

He'd  laugh  and  he'd  sing,  tho'  a  saint  and  a  king, 

And  sumptuously  dine  on  his  prey,  my  brave  boys. 

Then  over  the  hills,  o'er  the  mountains  and  rills, 

He'd  caper,  such  was  his  delight ; 

And  ne'er  in  his  days,  Indian  history  says, 

Did  lack  a  good  Supper  at  night,  my  brave  boys. 

On  an  old  stump  he  sat,  without  cap  or  hat, 

When  Supper  was  ready  to  eat ; 

Snap  his  dog,  he  stood  by,  and  cast  a  sheep's  eye, 

For  venison's  the  king  of  all  meat,  my  brave  boys. 

Like  Isaac  of  old,  and  both  cast  in  one  mould, 

Tho'  a  wigwam  was  Tamm'ny's  cottage, 

He  lov'd  sav'ry  meat,  such  that  patriarch  eat; 

Of  ven'son  and  squirrel  made  pottage,  my  brave  boys. 


As  old  age  came  on,  he  grew  blind,  deaf  and  dumb, 
Tho'  his  sport  'twere  hard  to  keep  from  it, 
Quite  tired  of  life,  bid  adieu  to  his  wife, 
Andblaz'd  like  the  tail  of  a  comit,  my  brave  boys. 


16     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

What  country  on  earth,  then  did  ever  give  birth, 

To  such  a  magnanimous  saint  ? 

His  acts  far  excel  all  that  history  tell, 

And  language  too  feeble  to  paint,  my  brave  boys. 

Now  to  finish  my  song,  a  full  flowing  bowl ; 

I'll  quaff  and  sing  the  long  day, 

And  with  punch  and  wine  paint  my  cheeks  for  my  saint, 

And  hail  ev'ry  first  of  Sweet  May,  my  brave  boys." 

Further,  in  looking  at  the  play l  itself,  which  was  pub- 
lished later  in  this  year,  we  find  that  the  prologue  was  spoken 
by  a  character  called  Mr.  Peter  Buckstail 2  (another  name 
for  a  Son  of  Saint  Tammany).  The  remarks  spoken  just 
before  the  song  by  a  player  called  Roger  are  as  follows: 

"  Roger With  all  my  heart !     Most  delightful  harmony ! 

This  is  the  First  of  May !  Our  shepherds  and  Nymphs  are 
celebrating  our  glorious  St.  Tammany's  day:  we'll  hear 
the  song  out  and  then  join  in  the  frolick,  and  chorus  it 
o'er  and  o'er  again.  This  day  shall  be  devoted  to  joy  and 
festivity."3  The  above  facts,  taken  together,  we  think 
make  good  our  claim  that  our  Society  existed  at  this  time. 
The  times  were  becoming  more  exciting,  for  on  May  1  a 
very  hotly  contested  election  was  held  in  Philadelphia,4 
and  the  Committee  of  Safety  passed  a  stringent  resolution 
concerning  paroled  prisoners;  at  the  same  meeting  they 
passed  the  following:  "The  Sisterhood  of  Bethlehem  having 
presented  this  Board  with  a  quantity  of  linen  rags  for  the 
benefit  of  such  as  may  be  wounded  in  the  service  of  this 
country.  Resolved :  That  this  instance  of  their  humanity 
be  thankfully  acknowledged."  5 

While,  as  we  have  said,  we  have  no  doubt  of  the  exist- 
ence of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  at  this  period,  it  may 
have  seemed  to  them  that  the  times  would  hardly  justify 

"The  Fall  of  British  Tyranny,  or  American  Liberty  Triumphant." 

Ibid.,  p.  7. 

Ibid.,  p.  35. 

Marshall's  Remembrances,  p.  77. 

Penna.  Evening  Post,  May  4,  1776. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     17 

their  meeting  in  a  festive  manner,  and  the  papers,  on  their 
part,  hardly  thought  it  necessary,  after  publishing  the  above 
poem,  to  take  up  further  room  when  their  space  was  needed 
for  more  stirring  items  of  news. 

It  may  be  well  to  see  what  other  societies  were  doing 
in  the  years  1775  and  1776,  and  by  referring  to  their  records 
we  find  that  "  The  Sons  of  St.  George  did  not  meet  after 
April  23rd.  1776  for  seven  years  and  they  began  to  feel  the 
effects  of  the  times  in  1774,  few  joining  the  Society."  * 

Saint  Andrew's  Society  had  only  seven  present  at  their 
meeting  in  1776. 

The  Friendly  Sons  of  Saint  Patrick  continued  to  hold 
their  meetings  until  December,  1775,  though  their  records 
show  that  they  held  a  meeting  in  1776  and  expelled  Thomas 
Batt  for  taking  an  active  part  against  the  liberties  of 
America. 

These  societies  were  organized  for  benevolent  purposes, 
held  monthly  meetings,  and  were  not  instituted,  as  the 
Tammany  Society  was,  for  patriotic  and  social  ends  with 
charity  as  a  side  issue;  hence  we  can  understand  that  if 
the  troublesome  times  interfered  with  the  above  societies, 
they  were  more  than  likely  to  prevent  the  social  feature  of 
Tammany  being  recognized,  while  the  patriotic  organiza- 
tion still  existed  even  if  its  numbers  had  been  reduced  by 
desertions  from  its  ranks  caused  by  the  approach  of  hos- 
tilities. 

Under  date  of  April  14, 1777,  we  read  in  the  newspapers 
of  that  date  a  resolution  of  Congress  concerning  the  threat- 
ened invasion  of  Pennsylvania.  On  April  22  an  order  from 
the  Committee  for  the  removal  of  stores  from  the  Delaware 
for  fear  of  their  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  British.  On 
April  26  people  bringing  provisions  into  Philadelphia  are 
allowed  to  take  them  out  again  if  the  place  they  take  them 
to  is  one  of  safety.  Instead  of  an  account  of  a  meeting 
of  the  Saint  Tammany  Society  on  May  1  of  this  year,  we 
find  in  the  papers  of  the  day  following  an  order  from  the 

1  Historical  Sketch  of  the  Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  George,  p.  11. 
VOL.  XXVI. — 2 


18     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

Pennsylvania  War  Office  for   an   assessment  of  blankets 
upon  the  people. 

"PENNA  WAR  OFFICE— May  2nd.,  1777. 
"  To  THE  PUBLIC. 

"The  Hon.  Maj.  Q-en'l.  Schuyler  having  informed  this 
board  that  a  considerable  body  of  Continental  Troops  by 
the  want  of  blankets,  are  retarded  from  joining  His  Excel- 
lency, Gen'l.  Washington,  and  requested  our  aid  in  collect- 
ing a  quantity  from  the  inhabitants  immediately.  We  can- 
not doubt  but  every  loyal  subject  of  the  United  States  that 
are  well  attached  to  the  cause  of  America  will  spare  all 
blankets  (receiving  the  value  of  the  same)  for  the  use  of  the 
Troops  which  they  conveniently  can.  And  as  the  making 
an  assessment  of  blankets  has  been  recommended  by  Con- 
gress as  a  measure  that  would  be  more  just  and  equal  to 
the  inhabitants  in  general  than  to  oppress  the  generous  and 
benevolent  only,  by  voluntary  contributions.  This  Board 
have,  therefore,  by  virtue  of  the  authority  given  them  by 
Congress  and  the  emergency  of  the  case  ordered  such  as- 
sessment to  be  made,  and  they  earnestly  request  the  aid  of 
all  friends  to  their  country  in  carrying  the  said  assessment 
into  execution,  as  the  health  of  the  Army,  a  consideration 
deserving  the  utmost  attention,  depends  upon  it." 

As  the  above  measure  affected  every  one  and  brought 
home  to  all  a  very  keen  sense  of  the  war  times  they  were 
living  in,  we  thought  it  well  to  insert  it  here,  so  as  to  make 
it  clear  why  our  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  did  not  meet. 
Many  citizens  had  left  the  city  for  other  places  considered 
less  likely  to  be  attacked,  such  as  Lancaster,  and  more  were 
preparing  to  follow.  We  know  that  some  of  those  who 
dined  with  the  Society  at  Byrn's  Tavern  in  1773  were  now 
with  Washington  at  Morristown,  New  Jersey,  waiting  and 
watching  for  the  next  move  of  the  British,  fearing  that  at 
any  moment  they  would  be  called  to  defend  not  only  the 
sentiments  they  toasted  at  their  last  dinner,  but  their  very 
firesides. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     19 

To  show  that  this  fear  of  invasion  was  pretty  generally 
felt,  we  give  the  following  card  that  appeared  in  the  papers 
in  the  early  part  of  May  of  this  year  : 

"  To  THE  PEOPLE  OF  PENNA. 

"  As  you  seem  to  be  apprehensive  that  the  enemy  will 
come  into  the  State,  if  you  wish  to  prevent  such  an  evil 
prepare  with  the  utmost  spirit  and  vigor  to  fight  them  and 
you  will  preserve  your  peace  and  safety. 

"Be  assured  that  the  infamous  Torries  are  spies  upon 
all  your  conduct  and  give  information  thereof  to  the  enemy 
who  will  determine  to  come  or  not  to  come  as  you  are  pre- 
pared or  not  prepared  to  fight  them. 

"  Your  path  of  duty  is  plain  and  easy — act  as  becometh 
men  with  spirit  and  vigor,  and  your  City  and  Country  will 
remain  in  safety. 

"  A  SOLDIER."  l 

In  the  winter  and  spring  of  the  year  1778  our  members 
who  had  espoused  the  cause  of  their  co*untry  were  compelled 
to  follow  the  example  of  their  patron  and  live  in  huts  at  Val- 
ley Forge,  with  hardly  any  more  protection  from  the  weather 
than  he  and  his  warriors  had  and  certainly  with  less  food, 
while  their  late  brethren  who  had  cast  their  lot  with  the  in- 
vaders were  assisting  them  in  preparing,  not  for  the  feast  of 
Saint  Tammany,  but  for  that  remarkable  performance  the 
Meschianza.  It  is  true  that  on  May  1  news  had  reached 
head-quarters  at  camp  of  the  treaty  between  France  and  the 
United  States,  and  of  course  the  news  was  whispered 
around  among  the  most  prominent  of  the  army.  So  on  this 
feast  day  of  their  saint  his  followers  had  to  be  satisfied  with 
a  repast  that  filled  their  hearts  with  hope,  while  their  stom- 
achs had  to  be  satisfied  with  flour  and  water  baked  over 
their  camp-fires.  On  June  18  of  this  year  the  British  army 
evacuated  Philadelphia,  never  to  return,  and  soon  the  ref- 
ugees returned  to  their  more  or  less  damaged  homes, 

1  Penna.  Evening  Post,  May  8,  1777. 


20     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

•  • 

resuming  as  best  they  could  the  interrupted  thread  of  their 
lives. 

On  May  1,  1779,  we  find  by  the  public  prints  that  Saint 
Tammany  had  once  more  resumed  his  sway,  and  that  his 
broad  spirit  had  animated  his  votaries  to  invite  the  followers 
of  foreign  saints  who  were  loyal  to  the  American  cause  to 
dine  with  his  sons  at  his  feast ;  and  while  we  have  no  de- 
tailed account  of  the  dinner,  there  is  no  doubt  that  his 
saintly  influence  inspired  them  all  to  put  forth  more  active 
exertions  in  behalf  of  his  beloved  country,  America. 

The  following  is  the  notice  of  the  dinner : 1 

"  The  sons  of  St.  Tammany  and  their  adopted  brethren 
of  St.  Patrick,  St.  Andrew  and  St.  George,  are  desired  to 
meet  this  day  being  the  first  of  May  at  the  Theatre  in  South- 
wark  2  at  two  o'clock.  Dinner  on  the  table  at  three  o'clock. 
£L  B.  The  dining  at  the  late  Proprietors 3  being  inconvenient 
the  Theatre  is  preferred  to  any  other  place." 

How  tantalizingly  short  the  notice  is !  no  account  of  the 
toasts,  songs,  or  speeches,  or  even  the  names  of  those  present, 
all  of  which  information  would  have  given  us  a  slight 
glimpse  of  the  real  feeling  of  the  times  as  held  by  the  true 
lovers  of  their  country. 

One  thing,  however,  it  shows, — namely,  that  the  organiza- 
tion had  survived  desertion  from  its  ranks  as  well  as  tempo- 
rary expulsion  from  its  home. 

Like  the  followers  of  the  saints  of  old,  treason  in  their 
midst  might  divide  them,  war  might  scatter  them,  but  at  the 
first  favorable  opportunity  they  would  gather  together  to 
worship  at  the  shrine  of  their  patron,  who  stood  for  freedom, 
liberty,  and  independence. 

The  selection  of  the  Southwark  Theatre  as  the  place  for 
holding  this  dinner  seems  to  us  to  have  been  dictated  by  a 
wish  on  the  part  of  the  members  of  the  Society  to  enter  a 

1  Penna.  Packet,  May  1,  1779. 
a  Situated  at  South  and  Apollo  Streets. 

3  Evidently  Springettsbury  is  meant,  and  must  have  been  used  as  a 
house  of  entertainment  after  it  had  been  confiscated. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     21 

protest  against  the  extravagances  of  the  times,  for  they 
abandoned  a  place  having  at  one  time  some  reputation,1  and 
selected  one  for  their  dinner  that  had  little  or  none.  This 
seems  to  have  been  their  first  step  in  democracy,  while  in 
later  years  their  distinguishing  characteristic  was  democratic 
freedom  or  simplicity. 

Search  as  we  may  in  this  year  (1780),  the  only  mention  we 
can  find  of  the  name  Tammany  or  Buckskin  is  the  noting 
of  the  arrival  at  Philadelphia  of  the  schooner  "  Buckskin," 
from  Havana,  after  a  long  and  tedious  passage  owing  to 
severe  gales  of  wind.2  Adverse  weather  was  certainly  pur- 
suing the  cherished  desires  of  our  Whigs,  whether  members 
of  the  Saint  Tammany  Society  or  not.  The  Continental 
currency  had  depreciated  to  such  an  extent  that  General 
"Washington,  writing  from  his  head-quarters  at  Morristown, 
ISfew  Jersey,  to  a  friend,  says  that "  he  doubted  if  a  wagon 
load  of  Continental  money  would  now  buy  a  wagon  load  of 
food."  The  situation  of  the  country  was  considered  so  serious 
by  the  authorities  of  Pennsylvania  that  they  thought  an  appeal 
to  heaven  a  necessity  to  assist  the  country  in  its  troubles,  so 
they  appointed  April  25  as  a  fast  day.  In  view  of  the  above 
state  of  affairs,  it  may  not  have  seemed  to  the  followers  of 
Saint  Tammany  that  it  would  be  proper  to  have  a  public 
celebration  and  jollification  when  they  all  felt  that  their 
hopes  and  expectations  were  in  such  jeopardy.  Three  years 
later  our  Society  was  spoken  of  as  the  Constitutional  Sons  of 
Saint  Tammany,  and  its  members  then  assembled  at  the 
country-seat  of  Mr.  Pole.  In  view  of  this,  it  is  well  to  note 
that  there  appeared  in  the  newspapers3  of  this  year  an  account 
of  the  meetings  of  "  The  Constitutional  Society."  The 
notice  of  its  second  meeting  this  year,  under  date  of  Febru- 
ary 3,  is  as  follows :  "  The  Constitutional  Society  meet  on 
Saturday  evening  next,  the  5th.  inst.  at  six  o'clock  precisely 
at  the  Dutch  Lutheran  School  House  in  Cherry  Alley. 

1  Westcott's  Historic  Mansions,  pp.  415,  423.     Situated  on  the  north 
side  of  Buttonwood  Street,  between  Seventeenth  and  Eighteenth  Streets. 

2  Penna.  Packet,  February  22,  1780.  3  Ibid.,  1780. 


$ 
22     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

Edward  Pole,  Secretary.  K  B.  The  room  will  be  accom- 
modated with  a  good  fire  in  the  stove."  The  members  of 
the  society  continued  to  meet  every  ten  days  or  two  weeks 
at  the  same  hour  and  place  until  March  18,  when  the  place 
was  changed  to  "  Mr.  Kidd's  School  House  in  Yidells  Alley 
near  the  Golden  Fleece  in  Second  St.  a  few  doors  below 
Chestnut  St."  Then,  on  April  1,  they  met  at  the  Court- 
House  at  the  same  hour  "  on  particular  business,"  and  on 
April  22  at  the  State-House,  "  when  a  question  of  consider- 
able importance  will  be  debated."  On  May  20,  the  last 
notice  of  them,1  they  met  as  above.  From  the  foregoing 
we  are  led  to  think  that  this  society  was  either  our  Sons  of 
Saint  Tammany  under  another  name,  or  that  it  was  the 
nucleus  around  which  the  Saint  Tammany  Society  gathered 
on  great  occasions.  Most  likely  the  members  of  the  Consti- 
tutional Society  were  the  real  active  political  workers  of  the 
larger  Tammany  organization.  Certainly  it  is  a  curious  coin- 
cidence that  their  secretary's  country-seat  should  be  taken 
within  three  years  as  the  meeting-place  of  the  followers  of 
our  saint,  and  we  hardly  think  that  this  meeting-place  would 
have  been  chosen  without  it  being  very  well  understood  by 
all  that  the  two  societies  were  to  all  intents  and  purposes 
one  and  the  same.  The  lines  between  Whigs  and  Tories 
were  very  strictly  drawn  at  this  time,  as  is  shown  by  the 
following:  "Dec.  12th.  A  Hint — It  is  expected  that  no 
man  who  has  not  taken  a  decisive  part  in  favour  of  American 
Independence  will  in  future  intrude  on  the  dancing  assembly 
of  the  city,  such  characters  are  either  too  detestable  or  too 
insignificant  for  "Whig  Society.  The  company  of  those  who 
were  so  insensible  of  the  rights  of  mankind  and  of  personal 
honour,  as  to  join  the  enemies  of  their  country  on  the  most 

1  In  the  United  States  Magazine  of  1779,  p.  99,  is  a  notice  of  this 
society  :  "Resolved  by  the  Constitutional  Society  of  Philadelphia  that 
two  persons  be  appointed  to  prepare  and  deliver  on  the  4th  of  June  [?] 
next,  the  anniversary  of  our  glorious  Independence,  the  one  an  oration 
on  the  advantages  of  that  Independence ;  the  other  an  Eulogium  in 
memory  of  those  brave  men  who  have  fallen  in  defence  of  our  rights 
and  privileges." 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     23 

gloomy  moment  of  the  revolution  cannot  be  admitted.  The 
subscription  paper  thro'  accident  has  been  handed  to  some 
characters  of  this  description."  1  The  spirits  of  our  Whig 
friends  had  evidently  been  cheered  by  the  hopeful  news  from 
the  Southern  army,  and  they  were  therefore  more  ready  to 
yield  to  a  little  recreation  at  this  time  than  during  the  darker 
days  of  the  past  spring. 

While  the  British  captured  the  city  of  Philadelphia  in 
1777,  and  held  it  until  June  of  the  year  following,  our 
French  allies  certainly  had  possession  of  the  hearts  and 
minds  of  the  citizens  of  this  city  during  the  year  1781. 
The  principal  social  events  were  either  given  by  or  to  the 
French  officers,  and  "  the  most  Christian  Monarch  Louis 
XVI."  held  as  high  a  place  in  the  estimation  of  all  lovers  of 
American  independence  as  did  the  Commander-in-Chief  of 
the  Continental  army.  Notices  of  the  Constitutional  Society 
now  disappear  from  the  newspapers  and  contemporaneous 
prints,  and  there  is  no  mention  of  the  followers  of  Saint 
Tammany.  All  the  social  functions  noticed,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  a  dinner  given  by  citizens  on  February  3  to  the 
officers  of  the  army  and  navy,2  were  in  honor  of  the  French 
alliance.  Where  we  would  expect  to  find  an  account  of  a 
dinner  given  in  honor  of  our  saint,  there  appears  instead  the 
following  account:  "Friday  last,  May  4th.,  the  Chevalier 
De  La  Touche,  Captain  of  the  Herminious  frigate,  gave  on 
board  his  vessel  an  elegant  entertainment  to  his  excellency 
the  President,  and  the  honourable  members  of  Congress, 
to  his  excellency  the  President,  and  the  honourable  Vice- 
President  and  council  of  the  State :  in  presence  of  his  ex- 
cellency the  Chevalier  De  La  Luzerne,  Monsiur  De  Marbois, 
M.  Holker  and  a  great  number  of  military  and  civil  officers, 
and  gentlemen  of  both  nations.  On  his  arrival  and  de- 
parture, the  President  of  congress  was  saluted  by  thirteen 
guns.  The  frigate  was  elegantly  decorated,  and  all  her 
colours  flying  afforded  a  pleasing  sight  to  several  thousand 

1  Penna.  Packet,  December  12,  1780. 

2  Ibid.,  February  3,  1781. 


24    Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

of  people  standing  on  the  shore.     After  dinner  the  following 

toasts  were  drank : * 

Guns  fired. 

I.  The  United  States  of  America           ...     21 
II.  The  King  of  France 21 

III.  The  King  of  Spain    .  .     21 

IV.  The  Queen  of  France 21 

Y.  The  United  Provinces  of  Holland      .         .         .13 

VI.  The  State  of  Pennsylvania         .         .         .         .13 
VIT.  General  "Washington  and  the  Army  .         .13 

VIII.  General  Rochambeau  and  the  French  Army       .       9 
IX.  Generals  Greene,  Lafayette,  Steuben  and  their 

Troops 9 

X.  Admiral  Destouches  and  the  French  Fleet          .       9 

XI.  The  American  Ministers  in  Europe    ...       9 

XII.  Success  of  the  Campaign  .....       9 

XIII.  Eternity  of  the  Alliance 9 

"  The  elegancy  of  the  entertainment  was  universally  ad- 
mired, and  the  novelty  of  a  ball  on  ship  board  was  com- 
mented on." 2 

1  Penna.  Packet,  May  8,  1781. 

2  Freeman's  Journal,  May  16,  1781. 

(To  be  continued.) 


i1    Ff  -V 

>        '  *    j 


• 


**teo  vrvc^k* 

>^v»^Vk  frtwWin 

•^S*N^^I^A! 


rsK*sX«  ,**«*& 

p^**»«^V%A»^ 
liiV^  -^    ^ 


J»f 


|^J&r-"*«f*J4fc     >^ 

^    V 


3^, 


•* 


OPERATIONS    OF    HOWE'S    ARMY 


D    OF    ELK    TO    THE    BRANDYWINE. 


>^3 


Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783.  25 


POPf  'S  JOUKNAL,   1777-1783. 

BY   JOSEPH    G.    ROSENGABTEN. 

[In  the  city  library  at  Bayreuth  there  is  a  manuscript  with  the  for- 
midable title  ' '  History  of  the  North  American  War,  especially  of  the 
part  taken  in  it  by  the  two  regiments  from  Bayreuth  and  Anspach, 
described  by  one  who  served  in  the  Bayreuth  Kegiment,  named  Stephan 
Popp,  from  1777-1783.  I  was  twenty-two  years  of  age  when  we 
marched  to  America."  At  the  close  of  the  Journal  there  follows  a 
song  in  eight  verses  on  the  marching  forth  of  the  Bayreuth  troops,  and 
then  a  curious  ' '  Prayer  on  the  Transfer  of  the  Bayreuth- Anspach  lands 
to  Prussia."  On  the  right  hand  is  a  column  with  the  Lord's  Prayer 
divided  in  an  arbitrary  fashion,  on  the  left  an  address  to  King  Frederick 
William  the  Second  of  Prussia.  If  that  is  read  alone,  he  is  praised ; 
but  if  the  lines  be  read  so  as  to  include  those  of  the  Lord's  Prayer,  the 
whole  meaning  is  changed  into  a  bitter  attack  on  the  Prussian  annexation. 
Then  follow  two  entries,  one  dated  August  9,  1795,  the  other  May  25, 
1796  ;  so  that  the  writer  seems  to  have  been  alive  at  that  time.  Bound 
up  with  this  manuscript  are  three  maps  in  pencil :  one  of  the  Hudson 
from  Fort  Constitution  to  Esopus,  and  a  legend  that  it  shows  the  opera- 
tions of  General  Clinton  in  September  and  October,  1777,  when  he 
seized  Forts  Constitution,  Montgomery,  and  Clinton,  and  destroyed 
them,  while  General  Vaughn  seized  and  burnt  Esopus  and  brought 
away  400  head  of  cattle  and  400  sheep  ;  100  rebels  were  killed  and  300 
captured,  with  100  cannon,  12,236  pounds  of  powder,  1852  cartridges, 
much  provision,  and  the  chain  stretched  across  the  river  ;  the  loss  on 
the  royal  side  included  Lieutenant-Colonel  Campbell,  2  majors,  the 
Polish  Count  of  Grabowsky,  Clinton's  adjutant,  4  officers,  and  41 
privates;  13  officers  and  144  soldiers  wounded  and  20  missing.  The 
second  map  is  a  plan  of  the  landing  of  General  Howe  and  his  brother 
at  the  point  where  the  Elk  Kiver  falls  into  the  Chesapeake,  and  the 
advance  of  General  Knyphausen  to  Cecil  Court-House,  and  another 
column  under  Lord  Cornwallis  to  Head  of  Elk,  the  two  corps  joining 
at  Pencader  September  3.  The  Americans  left  their  position  near 
Wilmington,  the  English  came  through  Newark  and  camped  at  Ho- 
kessen.  General  Washington  left  his  camp  and  seized  the  heights  of 
the  Brandywine.  On  September  11  the.  two  armies  met  and  the  Ameri- 
cans retreated  to  Chester,  then  crossed  the  Schuylkill.  The  Americans 
lost  300  killed,  600  wounded,  400  prisoners,  and  11  cannon.  The 


26  Popg's  Journal,  1777-1788. 

English  lost  1  brigadier-general,  1  lieutenant-colonel,  3  captains,  5 
lieutenants,  2  ensigns,  14  subalterns,  and  133  soldiers  killed ;  2  lieu- 
tenant-colonels, 1  major,  23  captains,  38  lieutenants,  15  ensigns,  64 
subalterns,  6  drummers,  and  790  soldiers  wounded,  and  1  captain  and 
19  soldiers  missing  ;  altogether  1118  men.  The  map  covers  the  territory 
from  below  Salem,  on  the  Delaware,  and  Georgetown  and  Baltimore,  on 
the  Chesapeake,  to  Chester  and  Ephrata  and  Manheim  and  Lancaster 
and  the  Susquehanna,  and  has  a  small  sketch  of  the  positions  of  the 
Americans  and  English  at  the  battle  of  the  Brandywine,  on  September 
11,  1777. 

The  third  map  is  a  plan  of  Philadelphia  and  vicinity  as  far  as 
Frankford,  Germantown,  Merion,  and  Darby,  and  of  the  attack  on 
Fort  Eed  Bank  on  October  22,  and  the  works  on  Fort  Island,  with 
the  following  legend:  "Philadelphia  and  neighborhood:  1.  Philadel- 
phia, with  the  lines  of  the  Americans  surrounding  it.  2.  The  position 
of  General  Washington's  camp  between  Germantown  and  the  Schuylkill. 
3.  Engagement  of  October  4,  to  the  loss  of  the  Americans.  4.  Crossing 
of  the  Delaware  by  Colonel  Donop  at  Cooper's  Creek  to  dislodge  the 
Americans  from  their  entrenched  position.  5.  Fort  Eed  Bank,  with  the 
unsuccessful  attack  in  which  Colonol  Donop  and  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Minnigeroda  were  wounded.  6.  Fort  Island.  7.  Fort  Mud  Island, 
where  the  Delaware  is  blockaded  by  a  Spanish  barrier  and  sunken 
ships."  They  are  evidently  the  work  of  a  good  German  military 
engineer.  A  copy  of  this  manuscript  with  the  maps  is  in  a  private 
collection  in  Philadelphia.] 

^777.  January  26. — Lieut.  Col.  Schlammersdorf  [of  the 
Guards]  at  7  P.M.  gave  orders  to  Major  von  Seybothen  x 
that  all  leaves  should  be  recalled  and  all  preparations  com- 
pleted by  working  day  and  night,  so  as  to  be  ready  to  move 
on  a  moment's  notice. 

February  2. — Orders  were  issued  that  the  Regiment  should 

be  ready  to  take  the  field  in  three  weeks, Col.  von  Voit 2 

was  assigned  the  command,  and  directed  to  fill  the  ranks 
with  young  men  from  all  the  villages  in  the  neighborhood. 
This  excited  the  laments  of  fathers,  mothers  and  families, 
who  came  every  day  to  bid  farewell  to  their  sons,  brothers 

Franz  Johann  Heinrich  Wilhelm  Christian  von  Seybothen. 
2  When  Colonel  August  Valentin  Voit  von  Saltzburg  took  command 
of  the  regiment  it  consisted  of  five  companies,  including  one  of  light 
infantry,  one  of  grenadiers,  and  one  of  artillery. 


Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783.  27 

and  friends.  Some  of  the  soldiers  were  glad,  and  I  was  of 
the  number,  for  I  had  long  wanted  to  see  something  of  the 
world.  Others  were  filled  with  grief  and  sorrow  at  leaving 
home,  and  there  was  on  their  side  sighing,  while  I  and  those 
of  my  way  of  thinking  were  enjoying  the  prospect  of  leaving 
our  mother  country  for  the  new  world. 

February  27. — At  6  P.M.  we  received  our  first  English 
supplies  and  pay  for  five  days  in  advance. 

February  28. — Reveille  awakened  us  for  our  new  service 
and  the  Generale  was  beaten  to  begin  our  march — that  night 
the  Regiment  was  quartered  one  half  in  Miickendorf,  the 
other  half  ^  in  Streiberg. 

March  1. — Marched  to  Burgersdorf. 

March  £.— To  Fiirth. 

March  3.— To  Ketteldorf. 

March  £. — To  Anspach,  where  after  inspection  by  the 
Prince,  we  were  quartered  on  the  citizens,  remaining  until — 

March  7 — when  we  marched  to  Birnheim. 

March  9. — To  Ostenheim. 

March  10. — Put  on  board  boats  at  Ochsenfurt,  but  so 
closely  packed  that  many  of  the  men  both  of  the  Anspach 
and  Bayreuth  regiments  had  to  stand  up  all  night.  We 
sang  hymns  and  had  prayers. 

The  next  day  we  were  put  on  board  ship  and  many  of  the 
men  threatening  to  refuse,  the  non-commissioned  officers 
were  ordered  to  use  heavy  whips  to  enforce  obedience,  and 
later  to  fire  on  the  malcontents,  so  that  some  thirty  men 
were  wounded, — this  so  angered  their  comrades  that  they 
made  a  sharp  attack  on  the  Yagers  and  drove  them  off  with 
the  bayonet.  Many  men  deserted  from  both  Regiments,  but 
six  of  them  were  recaptured  and  sent  along  to  America. 
At  last  the  Prince  came  on  board  and  asked  the  men  if  they 
were  not  willing  to  go, — no  one  said  no, — then  he  asked 
what  they  wanted,  and  there  was  a  long  string  of  requests, 
which  the  Prince  said  he  would  satisfy.  Then  we  started 
on  our  voyage,  in  boats  enough  to  make  us  comfortable,  the 
Prince  accompanying  us. 


28  Papgs  Journal,  1777-1783. 

March  14. — At  Hanau  we  got  on  larger  ships. 

March  15. — We  reached  the  Kiver  Rhine. 

March  16. — We  sailed  down  the  Ehine. 

March  25. — We  took  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  British 
King  after  reaching  JSTymwegen. 

March  27. — Went  on  board  the  English  ships. 

March  28. — Were  supplied  with  bedding  for  our  sea 
voyage ;  each  man  got  two  heavy  blankets,  2  light  blankets, 
2  straw  sacks,  3  pillows  filled  with  hair, — after  seeing  us 
supplied  and  settled  on  board  ship,  the  Prince  bade  us  good 
bye  and  returned  to  his  home. 

March  29. — Early  in  the  morning  we  heard  the  sailors 
busy  over  our  heads,  but  no  soldier  was  allowed  to  go  up  on 
deck, — we  were  moved  out  to  sea,  and  waited  until 

March  31 — when  the  anchor  was  lifted,  and  we  sailed  for 
Portsmouth,  England, — the  sea  grew  rougher,  the  land  dis- 
appeared, the  men  were  suffering  from  sea  sickness,  and 
many  of  them  vowed  to  sin  no  more  if  they  could  only  get 
safely  on  shore  again. 

April  3. — We  reached  Portsmouth  and  stayed  there  five 
days,  waiting  for  Hessian  recruits. 

April  7. — Our  Fleet  of  16  ships  under  escort  of  a  74  gun 
ship  sailed  on  signal. 

May  2. — We  reached  the  Azores. 

June  3. — We  reached  the  harbor  of  New  York,  after 
much  stormy  weather  on  the  voyage. 

June  4- — The  birthday  of  King  George  the  3rd  was  cele- 
brated by  guns  fired  on  all  the  men  of  war  and  ships  in  the 
harbor, — over  300  in  all. 

June  7. — We  landed  on  Staaten  Island  and  went  into 
Camp.  Hardly  had  we  settled  for  our  first  night  on  shore, 
before  there  was  heavy  firing,  but  nothing  came  of  it. 

June  11. — We  marched  to  Amboy  and  joined  the  army 
of  Gen1  Howe,  meeting  many  German  and  English  regi- 
ments on  the  way. 

June  12.— Made  camp  in  Amboy,  all  looking  hopelessly 
wasted  and  neglected. 


Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783.  29 

June,  14.. — The  Hessian  Yagers  joined  us. 

June  22. — The  English  army  returned  from  Brunswick, 
which  they  had  burned  down,  and  we  marched  back  to 
Staaten  Island. 

July  23. — Alarm  of  an  attack  by  the  Kebels — they  lost 
300  prisoners  and  many  wounded  and  killed,  many  too  were 
drowned  in  crossing  the  river. 

August  2£. — The  Prisoners  of  War  were  taken  to  New 
York. 

September  4- — A  captain  and  30  men  deserted  from  the 
Rebels  and  enlisted  in  the  British  Army. 

September  11. — The  Grenadiers  made  a  foray  in  Jersey  and 
brought  back  many  head  of  cattle  and  negroes. 

September  19. — Six  of  our  deserters  were  brought  from 
Germany  and  rejoined  us. 

October  11. — The  rebel  Fort  Montgomery  was  captured, 
— our  Grenadiers  lost  Capt.  von  Eckert,  who  was  buried 
in  the  German  Evangelical  Church  in  New  York. 

October  15. — Went  on  board  ship  to  sail  up  the  North 
River  to  Albany  to  help  Gen1  Burgoyne,  who  is  besieged 
near  there. 

October  17. — He  was  obliged  to  surrender,  having  no  sup- 
plies and  no  prospect  of  succor. 

October  22. — We  returned  to  New  York. 

October  26. — Again  embarked,  part  of  a  fleet  of  40  sail 
under  cover  of  2  Frigates. 

October  29. — Sailed  from  Sandy  Hook. 

November  9. — Reached  the  River  Delaware. 

November  12. — Sailed  up  to  Fort  Billings  [Billingsport] 
which  was  cannonaded  by  six  English  men  of  war  for  three 
days  and  nights,  until  it  surrendered. 

November  18. — Landed  on  the  Jersey  shore. 

November  21. — Marched  into  the  country,  seizing  many 
head  of  cattle,  but  not  venturing  too  far  on  account  of  the 
Rebels. 

November  25. — Moved  near  Fort  Redbank,  which  had 
been  lost  by  Col.  Donop,  owing  to  his  attempt  to  take  it 


80  Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783. 

against  too  large  a  force, — he  lost  180  men  and  23  officers 
of  the  Hessian  Begiments.  We  were  6000  strong  with 
many  ships  in  the  Eiver.  The  Eebels  burned  their  ships 
and  abandoned  the  Fort,  so  we  were  ferried  over  the  river, 
and  with  flags  flying  and  bands  playing  marched  through 
Philadelphia,  but  saw  few  people  except  negroes. 

December  ^. — Gen1  Howe  with  a  force  of  from  12  to  13000 
men  moved  out  to  Germantown. 

December  5. — We  moved  into  the  Camp  of  the  English 
troops. 

December  8. — Gen1  Howe  returned  with  a  large  supply  of 
cattle,  provisions  and  cannon  captured  from  the  Rebels. 

December  13. — We  were  quartered  in  old  empty  houses  on 
Front  St.,  the  rooms  were  large,  well  papered,  but  very  cold, 
having  no  stoves  to  heat  them. 

December  22. — Moved  across  the  Schuylkill  in  very  cold 
weather, — lay  all  night  in  the  open,  although  it  was  snowing, 
and  our  supplies  of  food  were  very  scanty. 

December  28. — Eeturned  to  our  old  quarters  in  the  city. 

1778.  January  12. — The  English  Major  Zeidharss  0. 
Terwey  took  command  [  ?  ] . 

February  4. — A  Eebel  Picquet  of  30  men  were  taken 
prisoners  and  with  30  captured  officers  brought  into  the  city 
from  the  outposts. 

March  &?.— Col.  von  Eyb  of  the  Anspach  Beg*  came 
from  New  York  with  recruits  from  New  York. 

April  16. — Major  v.  Seyboth  was  made  Colonel,  and  my 
Captain  v.  Beust1  Major  of  the  Beg*. 

April  16.— Gen1  Clinton  came  from  New  York  and  took 
command  of  the  entire  English  army. 

May  11.— Col.  v.  Eyb  and  Lt.  Sichart  left  for  Germany. 

May  19. ~ Marched  to  Germantown  and  joined  the  Eng- 
lish force  there  after  4J  hours  of  heat  and  dust  which  ex- 
hausted our  men,— Germantown  is  half  an  hour  long  and 
full  of  Germans. 

1  Ernst  Friedrich  Carl  von  Beust,  who  was  captured  with  the  regiment 
at  Yorktown. 


Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783.  31 

Jane  8. — Marched  outside  the  city  to  be  reviewed  by  Lord 
Cornwallis. 

June  10. — At  2  A.M.  left  Philadelphia  and  embarked  on 
a  sloop  the  Betsy. 

June  11. — Passed  Newcastle. 

June  18. — Arrived  in  the  Hudson  River,  passing  Staaten 
Island,  anchored  off  New  York,  lay  there  until  the  20th, — 
then  moved  through  the  East  River  to  Long  Island, — which 
supplies  New  York  with  food,  for  it  is  a  fruitful  country, 
rich  in  harvests  of  grain,  fruit,  cattle.  The  people  are 
mostly  Hollanders,  loyal  to  the  Crown  and  neutral  in  the 
War.  We  lay  near  Hell  Gate  where  Capt.  v.  Molitor's * 
servant  fell  overboard  and  was  drowned.  We  were  well 
fed  and  had  beer  every  day,  but  the  musquitoes  were 
dreadful. 

July  9. — Sailed  through  Long  Island  Sound  to  Newport, 
in  Rhode  Island,  where  we  landed. 

July  15. — Marched  through  the  city  and  went  into  camp 
just  beyond.  The  country  is  poor,  but  the  fishing  is  the 
great  industry.  There  are  many  wealthy  people,  and  the 
women  very  handsome. 

July  20. — Crossed  over  to  Connanicut  Island. 

July  29. — Returned  to  the  mainland,  on  the  report  of  a 
French  fleet  in  sight, — all  the  batteries  were  fully  manned. 

July  30. — The  French  fleet  came  into  the  harbor. 

August  5. — Many  ships  sunk  in  the  harbor  to  keep  out  the 
French, — 3  Frigates  were  burned. 

August  8. — 8  French  men  of  war  engaged  in  a  heavy 
cannonade  with  the  British  ships  and  forts.  Our  fleet  was 
busy  signalling  and  many  Rebels  crossed  at  Bristol. 

August  10. — The  French  fleet  left  the  harbor  under  heavy 
fire  and  sailed  away. 

August  11. — Encamped  on  Tammany  Hill 2  and  made  a 
strong  position.  Many  of  the  Anspach  Regiment  deserted, 

1  Christian  Theodor  Sigismund  yon   Molitor,    who   surrendered    at 
Yorktown. 

2  Tammany  Hill  covered  the  left  flank  of  the  British  line. 


32  Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783. 

• 

rather  than  work  hard,  but  we  exchanged  shots  with  the 
Eehels  who  were  also  strengthening  their  position. 

August  14. — Had  a  violent  storm  of  rain  and  wind  for 
forty-eight  hours,  the  worst  in  all  my  campaigns. 

August  17.— The  Kebels,  20,000  strong,  under  Gen1  Sul- 
livan were  in  full  view. 

August  19. — Moved  to  the  rear  of  Tammany  Hill  to  es- 
cape the  heavy  fire  of  the  Rebel  guns. 

August  20. — The  French  fleet  returned, 

August  22 — but  sailed  away  again  in  the  night. 

August  29. — A  sharp  engagement  with  the  Rebels,  at  7 
A.M.  Adjutant  General  Lt.  Milzenburg  gave  us  orders  to 
march,  and  we  soon  came  in  view  of  the  enemy,  protected 
by  stone  walls, — we  exchanged  musketry  fire  until  the  cannon 
were  in  position  and  opened  on  them, — the  enemy  fell  back 
and  we  drove  them  to  Windmill  Hill,  inflicting  a  heavy  loss 
on  them. 

August  30. — The  enemy  left  the  island,  although  we  had 
only  6000  men,  far  less  than  their  force. 

September  1. — Gen1  Clinton  came  with  a  fleet  and  troops  to 
strengthen  the  British  force,  but  as  usual  too  late. 

September  3. — He  sailed  away  again  with  ships  and  men. 

September  6. — Corporal  Lindemeyer x  of  Capt,  v.  Beust's 
Company  was  made  2nd  Lieutenant. 

September  19. — Admiral  Byron  arrived  with  a  fleet  of  10 
men  of  war,  7  Frigates  and  some  small  Galliots, — I  was  on 
board  the  Admiral's  ship  with  the  Band  of  our  Regiment. 

October  11.—3QQ  Recruits  joined  with  20  officers,  among 
them  Lt.  Frederic  Nagler  and  Chaplain  Erb 2  and  Captain 
von  Dieskau. 

October  ./£.— The  chaplain  preached  from  the  37th  Psalm. 

October  29. — Went  into  winter  quarters  in  Newport,  in  old 
empty  houses,  very  badly  suited,  and  the  food  worse, — little 
bread  and  that  made  of  rice  and  Indian  corn  meal, — instead 
of  meat  bad  fish,  and  of  that  not  enough  to  thrive  on  and  too 

1  Johann  Hermann  Lindemeyer. 

2  Chaplain  Johann  Georg  Philip  Erb. 


^^0 


T*4JUft£0l>  r7^«  £ 


M  TJU*£? 

JioAoAcJU, 


**«r 


ner 


IUL 


tf*^ 


Wfcite, 


3C 

a> 


V 


^ 


> 
/   6( 

^ 
X 
o 


V 


PLAN    OF    PI 


[ND    VICINITY 


Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783.  33 

much  to  die  of  starvation.     We  had  to  bake  our  own  bread 
out  of  wretched  corn. 

December  14- — Admiral  Byron  sailed  for  the  West  Indies. 
It  began  to  snow  on  Christmas  night  and  continued  until  the 
27th,  the  snow  lay  3  to  4  feet  deep,  the  cold  was  very  severe, 
nine  men  of  one  of  our  regiments  were  frozen  to  death, 
twenty-three  men  had  their  hands  and  feet  badly  frost  bitten, 
— a  woman  with  two  little  children  was  frozen  to  death  in 
her  house.  Even  the  supply  of  drinking  water  was  frozen. 

December  29. — Marched  out  into  the  country, — could  buy 
only  frozen  potatoes  at  2  Spanish  Dollars  the  bushel, — for- 
tunately a  boat  brought  meat  and  rum  which  helped  us  to 
stand  the  cold. 

1779.     January. — We  got  little  food  and  that  very  poor. 

February  19. — A  supply  of  food  from  New  York. 

Marcji. — Half  of  the  Regiment  was  sick  with  scorbutic  dis- 
eases and  many  died. 

April  26. — Our  arms  and  equipments  arrived  at  last  after 
being  a  year  and  more  on  the  way. 

June  10. — Captain  v.  Seitz l  was  promoted  to  be  Major  of 
the  Anspach  Regiment. 

July  7. — Moved  our  Camp  from  Tammany  Hill  nearer  to 
the  town,  and  protected  and  decorated  it  with  boughs  and  a 
hedge  row. 

September  18. — Received  orders  and  got  ready  to  embark 

October  16 — on  a  fleet  of  transports  for  New  York. 

October  22. — A  Fleet  of  over  100  sail  carried  the  entire 
army  to  New  York. 

October  31. — Landed  and  went  into  camp  in  the  Bowery 
— very  cold  in  our  tents. 

November  19. — Salutes  fired  in  honor  of  victories  in  Georgia 
and  the  West  Indies. 

November  22. — On  account  of  the  cold  broke  camp  and 
were  quartered  in  an  old  brewery  on  the  North  River. 

1  Captain  Friedrich  Philipp  von  Seitz,  of  the  Grenadier  company. 
He  was  captured  at  Yorktown.     The  account  of  his  death  at  sea  is  re- 
lated farther  on  in  this  journal. 
VOL.  XXVI. — 3 


34  Poptfs  Journal,  1777-1788. 

December  14. — Our  invalids  were  sent  back  to  Germany. 

December  21. — Alarm  caused  by  a  rebel  attack  at  Paulus 
Hook,  which  was  resisted  successfully. 

1780.  January. — The  Forth  River  was  frozen  so  hard 
that  heavy  guns  were  carried  over  the  ice, — the  cold  weather 
lasted  all  the  month. 

January  12. — An  English  sentry  was  frozen  to  death  on 
his  post.  Many  soldiers  were  frost  bitten  in  their  quarters. 

January  15. — On  report  of  a  spy  that  the  Eebels  were 
moving  on  Amboy  a  large  force  was  prepared  to  move  there. 

January  16. — A  force  from  several  regiments  moved  to 
Paulus  Hook  and  through  Bergen  and  captured  a  rebel 
picket  of  30  men. 

February  22. — A  rumor  that  the  English  had  captured  a 
Spanish  fleet  from  Mexico  for  Cadiz  with  gold  and  silver  to 
the  value  of  £6  millions. 

March  24-. — Marched  to  Hackensack  in  New  Jersey, 
plundered  and  destroyed  and  brought  back  gold  and  silver 
ware  and  furniture  and  clothing. 

March  25. — Started  for  Morristown,  but  the  enemy  at- 
tacked us  in  force  costing  us  some  killed  many  wounded 
and  more  prisoners. 

April  8. — Went  to  Hackensack  for  hay  and  straw. 

May  10. — Reviewed  by  Gen1  Knyphausen  and  many  other 
officers. 

May  26. — Received  news  that  Gen1  Clinton  had  captured 
Charleston  in  South  Carolina  with  Gen1  Lincoln,  6000  men, 
200  cannon  and  many  ships. 

June  4. — Celebrated  the  birthday  of  King  George  the  3rd 
of  England. 

June  6. — Gen1  Knyphausen  led  a  force  of  6  to  7000  men 
over  Staaten  Island  to  attack  the  rebels  at  Elizabethtown, 
New  Jersey. 

Jane  7. — Attacked  the  enemy  with  heavy  loss  on  both 
sides, — moved  to  Springfield,  destroying  houses  on  the  way, 
but  losing  many  officers  and  men,  especially  of  the  German 
forces  and  in  the  Anspach  Reg*. 


Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783.  35 

June  8. — It  took  3  boats  to  carry  the  wounded  to  New 
York. 

June  17. — Moved  again  under  Gen1  Knyphausen. 

June  19. — Were  inspected  and  reviewed  by  Gen1  Clinton. 

June  23. — Attacked  the  enemy  beyond  Elizabethtown, 
drove  them,  but  they  stood  up  manfully  like  good  soldiers 
with  their  light  cannon,  until  our  heavy  guns  and  large  force 
pushed  them  on  both  flanks  back  to  Springfield,  where  we 
burned  houses  and  churches, — in  one  a  hundred  wounded, 
— but  a  spy  brought  word  that  Gen1  Washington  was  on  his 
way  from  Morristown  with  reinforcements,  and  on  our  way 
back  we  lost  many  men,  from  4  to  500, — while  the  Eebels 
lost  400  killed  and  300  wounded.  Among  our's  were  Capt. 
v.  Roeder  and  Lt.  Diemer.1  We  fell  back  all  night,  hungry 
and  thirsty  and  tired,  to  Staaten  Island,  but  a  heavy  thunder 
storm  kept  us  from  rest. 

June  25. — Moved  by  water  to  King's  Bridge  and  Fort 
Knyphausen  and  biouvacked  at  Phillippspoint, — sheltering 
ourselves  from  the  great  heat  by  boughs. 

July  1. — Received  our  tents  from  !N"ew  York — went  into 
Camp  and  extended  our  lines  from  the  North  to  the  East 
River.  Many  of  the  Anspach  and  some  of  our  Regiment 
deserted. 

July  20. — Moved  camp  to  Bloomingdale. 

July  24-- — Marched  to  New  York  and  went  into  camp  in 
an  orchard  in  the  Bowery, — the  shade  of  the  trees  was  a 
great  protection  from  the  hot  sun. 

July  25. — Gen1  Hyhner 2  died  and  was  buried  the  next 
day  with  great  military  service. 

1  Captain  Friedrich  Wilhelm  von  Eoeder  and  First  Lieutenant  Just 
von  Diemer. 

2  "On  Tuesday  the  25th  inst.  departed  this  life,  Major  General  De 
Hayne,  of  the  army  of  his  Serene  Highness  the  Landgrave  of  Hesse  Cassel, 
in  the  60th  year  of  his  age,  and  42d  of  his  service  in  the  armies  of  his 
Prince.     He  went  with  his  Excellency  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  upon  the  last 
successful  expedition  against  the  rebels  in  South  Carolina,  and  returned 
to  this  after  the  reduction  of  Charles  Town ;  but  while  there,  he  was 
attacked  by  a  consumption,  which  eventually  carried  him  oif,  to  the 


36  Poppas  Journal,  1777-1783. 

July  27. — Paymaster  Herrenbauer  *  of  our's  died. 

August  2. — A  deserter  Glatz  of  the  Eyb  Regiment,  and  8 
days  later  one  of  the  Anspach  Regiment  were  shot. 

September  22. — Great  celebration  in  New  York  of  Lord 
Cornwallis'  defeat  of  Gen1  Goetzsch  [Gates  ?]  in  South  Caro- 
lina and  the  capture  of  his  colors  and  cannon. 

September  25. — Gen1  Arnold  of  the  Rebels  arrived  in  E"ew 
York  on  a  shallop. 

October  9. — Gen1  Arnold  was  gazetted  a  Brigadier  General 
in  the  British  army. 

October  15. — The  Rebels  hung  Major  Andre,  Adjutant 
General,  at  Washington's  Camp  at  Tappan,  to  our  great 
grief.  He  ventured  in  other  clothes  than  his  uniform  into 
the  Rebel  Camp,  to  spy  out  their  strength  at  Fort  Hany- 
beint  [West  Point]  and  to  see  where  their  Regiments  were 
posted,  so  as  to  determine  where  it  was  best  to  attack  them, 
—this  he  had  discovered  and  was  on  his  Avay  back  when  at 
the  last  of  the  Rebel  outposts  he  was  stopped  and  asked 
what  he  was  doing  there, — he  said  he  was  the  son  of  a 
gentleman  living  near  the  river,  but  the  guard  said  he  knew 
no  one  of  the  name  he  gave, — he  offered  money,  as  much 
as  $1000,  but  the  men  took  him  to  the  post  headquarters, 
there  he  was  searched,  and  in  his  shoes  were  found  the 
plans  of  the  Fort,— he  was  tried  by  a  Court  Martial,  found 
guilty  of  being  a  spy  and  was  hanged, — he  behaved  with 

inexpressible  regret  of  all  the  gentlemen  of  the  British  and  Hessian 
army  here,  by  whom  his  merit,  as  a  most  gallant  officer,  polite  gentleman, 
and  sincere  friend,  was  highly  valued.  The  many  virtues  he  possessed 
endeared  him  to  all  who  had  the  honour  to  be  intimate  with  him,  and 
his  death  is  universally  lamented.  Last  Wednesday  afternoon  his  funeral 
was  attended  by  all  the  general  officers  in  this  garrison,  amongst  whom 
were  his  Excellency  Lieutenant  General  Eobertson,  and  Major  General 
Tryon,  Patison,  Philips,  Lossberg,  and  Hackenberg.  The  regiment  of 
Donop,  and  a  company  of  Anspach  grenadiers,  with  three  pieces  of 
cannon,  (from  each  of  which  three  rounds  were  fired)  marched  to  the 
place  of  interment,  where  his  remains  were  deposited  with  the  honours 
of  war." — New  York  Gazette  and  Weekly  Mercury,  July  31,  1780. 
1  Herrenbaur  had  formerly  been  adjutant  of  the  regiment. 


iflHT 


/f£&f*£  ff-L£  -ffS'£&£4&C-    fT&£  J-00C 


PLAN    OF    THE    B 


MMIM 

tun  x-   - 


o 


in    T*H  £r<mrisMt/t470n 


,  urn. 
ie    S 


gl  aJs,  u/^&lcfay    abcr  durtst 
aft  **>  ye 
zu 


r,  u.  33 


WHITEMARSH. 


'  **%  ^  '"'  %?  *  -  — -  A 

^^:V..        ™4&  // 


' 


.H3«A!V13T1HV 


Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783.  37 

great  bravery,  and  said  if  he  had  a  thousand  lives  he 
would  give  them  all  for  the  Crown  of  England  and  Great 
Britain. 

October  18. — 150  recruits  joined  us, — they  left  Anspach 
on  March  3rd. — We  got  orders  to  go  into  winter  quarters. 

October  19. — Quartered  in  the  same  Brewery — Lippner's 
— where  we  spent  the  winter  a  year  ago.  The  Anspach 
Regiment  was  quartered  in  a  church  in  Bloomingdale. 

November  12. — A  fleet  of  200  ships  with  provisions  arrived 
from  England. 

November  23. — An  alarm  on  Staaten  Island,  that  the 
Rebels  were  coming  from  Amboy  with  8000  French  from 
Rhode  Island,  and  we  were  all  in  readiness  to  move,  but 
nothing  came  of  it. 

December  25. — A  boat  with  19  men  was  lost  in  a  heavy 
storm  in  the  East  River. 

1781.  January  2. — The  Rebels  came  in  a  Flag  boat  from 
Sandy  Hook  with  40  men  and  4  cannon,  up  in  the  night  to 
try  to  seize  Gen1  Clinton  at  his  Head  Quarters  near  the 
North  River,  but  they  were  discovered  and  captured. 

January  17. — Gen1  Arnold  in  a  fleet  of  40  sail  with  a  body 
of  troops  mostly  volunteers  [Free  Corps  ?]  sailed  for  Vir- 
ginia to  land  and  seize  that  region. 

January  24- — Invalided  and  disabled  soldiers  sent  back  to 
Germany. 

January  25. — The  Rebels  made  a  foray  in  our  lines,  cap- 
tured many  prisoners  and  cattle  and  plundered  and  burned 
our  barracks  at  Maryfina  [?] . 

February  4.. — Gen1  Clinton  announced  the  safe  arrival  of 
Gen1  Arnold  in  Virginia,  and  his  capture  of  Richmond  with 
many  magazines. 

February  13. — A  spy  arrested  in  New  York  with  letters 
hidden  in  his  wig  and  the  lining  of  his  hat. 

March  18. — News  that  war  had  begun  against  Holland, 
Admiral  Rodney  captured  the  island  of  Eustachie,  and  an 
English  fleet  had  sailed  to  the  East  Indies  to  seize  the  Dutch 
islands  there. 


38  Pcpp'9  Journal,  1777-1788. 

April  28. Great  bonfires  in  Fort  George  in  honor  of  Lord 

Cornwallis'  victory  over  Gen1  Greene  in  South  Carolina. 

April  29.— Keceived  orders  to  sail  to  Virginia  and 

April  30 — went  aboard  ship,  making  with  the  English 
troops  a  fleet  of  30  sail. 

May  1. — Dropped  down  to  Staaten  Island, — the  43rd  Reg* 
embarked  with  us. 

May  is. — Our  fleet  now  counted  40  sail, — of  these  13 
men  of  war, — one  of  them  the  London  with  104  guns. 

May  14. — The  frigate  Rohbook  [Roebuck]  after  a  long 
chase  captured  an  American  vessel  fall  of  meal. 

May  19. — Arrived  in  Chesapeake  Bay, — in  a  heavy  fog, 
and  it  was  12  hours  after  the  other  ships. 

May  20. — Saw  the  coast  of  Virginia, — on  one  side  Hamp- 
ton, on  the  other  Newport  news, — sailed  up  the  James  River, 
— with  fine  farms  on  both  banks,  and  rich  crops  of  corn, 
tobacco,  cotton  [?]  and  orchards. 

May  22. — Heard  of  the  death  of  the  British  General 
Phillips. 

May  25. — Ordered  back  to  Chesapeake  Bay. 

May  27. — Landed  at  Norfolk  and  pitched  our  camp  at 
Portsmouth, — plenty  of  fish  and  oysters,  and  caught  crabs 
after  the  rain  in  our  tents  [?] .  Norfolk  was  a  pretty  town, 
but  it  was  burned  down  by  the  Rebels. 

June  11. — A  negroe  was  arrested  for  poisoning  our  wells, 
by  his  master's  order, — who  escaped, — many  of  the  English 
soldiers  died.  In  Portsmouth  Lord  Cornwallis  had  over 
a  thousand  negroes,  employed  to  cut  wood,  work  on  the 
trenches  etc. 

June  20. — Gen1  Leslie  issued  an  order  cautioning  the 
soldiers  against  exposing  themselves  by  day  to  the  sun  or  by 
night  to  the  heavy  dew.  We  were  ordered  to  send  every 
8  days  100  men  to  protect  the  lines  at  Great  Bridge,  12 
miles  out, — with  its  4  guns,  sheltered  in  a  heavy  forest. 

June  26. — A  force  of  30  of  our  men  were  sent  to  attack 
a  rebel  outpost  30  miles  from  Norfolk — it  was  taken  with 
20  prisoners  and  4  guns  dismounted. 


Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783.  39 

July  11. — Made  a  raid  into  the  country  and  brought  back 
cattle  and  other  provisions. 

July  15. — Went  aboard  ship  and  were  kept  for  12  days 
moving  and  anchored  alternately. 

July  29-31. — Eeached  Yorktown, — a  little  village, — 
most  of  the  owners  of  the  houses  had  left  them, — opposite 
is  Gloucester. 

August  1. — Landed  and  went  into  camp.  Lord  Corn- 
wallis  was  already  here  with  most  of  his  army, — only  a  small 
force  left  in  Portsmouth. 

August  11. — Trenches  dug  and  lines  thrown  up  in  Glou- 
cester, 

August  24- — and  in  Yorktown  too, — but  there  are  reports 
that  we  are  in  a  very  bad  situation. 

August  26. — A  French  Fleet  has  arrived  from  the  West 
Indies, — men  of  war  and  transports  with  troops — day  and 
night  we  are  at  work  strengthening  our  lines, — have  hardly 
time  to  eat  and  little  food, — but  we  are  getting  ready  to 
make  a  stout  defence. 

August  31. — The  French  ships  are  in  full  view — landed 
many  troops  from  Rhode  Island — French  soldiers  and  rebels 
are  marching  from  the  James  River  and  Williamsburg,  we 
are  in  daily  expectation  of  an  attack  by  land  and  by  water, 
— our  ships  landed  all  their  stores, — their  guns  put  on  our 
lines,  fire  ships  got  ready, — every  preparation  made  as 
rapidly  as  possible. 

September  2. — Four  French  men  of  war  guarded  all  the 
approaches.  Much  sickness  in  our  force— 1300  said  to  be  in 
the  hospitals. 

September  4- — Lt.  Schiihardt 1  of  our's  died.  Our  camp 
moved  forward,  so  as  to  be  out  of  reach  of  the  heavy  guns  of 
the  French  men  of  war. 

September  14- — The  woods  in  our  front  cut  down  to  pre- 
vent the  enemy  from  attacking  our  position.  All  roads 
blocked.  Tarleton's  Corps  and  the  Light  Infantry  sent  out 
every  day  on  patrol. 

1  Second  Lieutenant  Carl  Gottfried  Schuchard. 


40  Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783. 

• 

September  19.— Reports  that  the  enemy  had  sent  a  large 
force  by  small  boats  from  Baltimore.  Many  houses  torn 
down  to  strengthen  our  lines.  Palisades  and  deep  trenches 
put  in  front.  Powder  magazines  protected.  All  prepara- 
tions made  for  a  stout  resistance. 

September  22. — At  night  5  fireships  were  started  to  attack 
four  French  ships,  but  the  French  raised  anchor  and  moved 
out,  while  the  fireships  burned  up  and  did  no  harm, — the 
Captain  is  reported  to  have  set  fire  to  them  too  soon. 

September  28. — Alarm  in  camp  of  an  attack, — struck  our 
tents,  sent  all  baggage  into  the  town. 

September  29. — One  of  our  men  killed  and  two  wounded 
— many  of  the  English  and  Hessians  too, — at  night  moved 
into  our  lines,  as  the  enemy  was  advancing  on  them, — 3  of 
our  men  deserted  to  them. 

September  30. — A  wounded  rebel  Colonel  captured  by  our 
light  horse.  The  rebels  made  three  attacks  on  our  right 
redoubt,  but  were  driven  back  by  our  batteries'ahd  the  fire 
of  our  frigates, — with  heavy  loss.  The  French  sent  a  flag 
of  truce  asking  leave  to  bury  the  dead  and  carry  off  the 
wounded, — this  was  granted,  provided  they  came  without 
arms, — this  they  agreed  to,  and  the  dead  were  buried,  the 
wounded  removed  to  Williamsburg  where  there  were  hos- 
pitals,— their  loss  was  over  440, — we  have  had  a  trying 
month, — much  labor  and  little  food. 

October  1. — The  enemy  strengthened  his  lines,  working 
day  and  night, — but  had  no  guns  in  position,  so  with  our's 
we  fired  and  destroyed  as  much  of  their  work  as  possible, 
but  we  had  no  rest — always  waiting  for  the  alarm. 

October  9. — Still  no  firing  by  the  enemy,  although  we  kept 
discharging  our  guns  at  them, — the  French  protected  their 
lines  with  sand  bags,  our  batteries  too  were  sheltered.  De- 
serters came  over,  telling  us  that  Gen1  Washington  had 
come  from  Jersey  by  way  of  Baltimore,  with  8  to  10000 
men,  regulars  and  militia,  and  had  joined  Gen1  Greene, — 
the  French  were  commanded  by  the  Count  Rochambeau, 
the  Marquis  cle  la  Fayette,  the  Prince  of  Saarbruck  [Deux- 


Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783.  41 

Fonts] — 15,000  strong,  some  German    Regiments    among 
them. 

October  9. — At  3  P.M.  the  enemy  opened  from  their  left  a 
heavy  cannonade  on  our  right — with  a  battery  sheltered  in 
a  wooded  hill,  18  and  24  pounders.  At  night  their  right 
opened  fire  on  our  left,  and  set  on  fire  a  frigate,  which  was 
burnt  up. 

October  10. — The  heavy  fire  forced  us  to  throw  our  tents 
in  the  ditches, — the  enemy  threw  bombs,  100,  150  and  200 
pounders, — their  guns  were  18,  24  and  48  pounders, — we 
could  find  no  refuge  in  or  out  of  the  town, — the  people  fled 
to  the  water  side  and  hid  in  hastily  contrived  shelters  on  the 
banks,  but  many  of  them  were  killed  by  the  bursting  bombs. 
More  than  80  were  thus  lost,  besides  many  wounded  and 
their  houses  utterly  destroyed.  Our  ships  suffered  too, — 
under  the  heavy  fire,  for  the  enemy  fired  in  one  day  8600 
shot  from  their  heavy  guns  and  batteries.  Soldiers  and  sailors 
deserted  in  great  numbers, — the  Hessian  Regiment  v.  Bose 
lost  heavily,  although  it  was  in  our  rear,  in  the  second  line, 
but  in  full  range  of  the  enemy's  fire, — our  two  regiments 
lost  very  heavily  too, — the  Light  Infantry  posted  at  an  angle 
had  the  worst  position  and  heaviest  loss, — sailors  and  marines 
all  served  in  defending  our  lines  on  shore. 

October  11. — A  transport  ship  was  fired  by  the  enemy's 
guns  and  burned. 

October  12. — Another  transport  ship  burned. 

October  13. — The  enemy  lessened  their  fire,  but  worked 
steadily  strengthening  their  lines,  bringing  them  nearer  and 
nearer,  and  armed  another  battery  with  16  heavy  guns,  36, 
42  and  48  pounders. 

(To  be  continued. ) 


42     The  Lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Company  in  Merion. 


THE  LANDS  OF  EDWABD  JONES  AND  COMPANY  IN 

MEKION. 

BY   BENJAMIN    H.   SMITH. 

An  original  draft  and  return  of  survey  on  file  among  the 
records  at  Harrisburg,  a  copy  of  which  is  herewith  repro- 
duced, is  of  interest  and  value  as  showing  the  first  subdi- 
visions of  the  tract  the  outlines  of  which  are  represented 
on  Holme's  map  of  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania  and 
designated  as  the  land  of  "  Edward  Jones  and  Compan 
17  Families,"  and  on  the  original  draft  of  the  Welsh  Tract 
"  Edward  Joans  and  Company  Containg  2500  acres  being 
17  devisions."  Attached  to  the  draft  is  the  certificate  of 
David  Powell,  deputy  surveyor,  to  the  eifect  that  the  land 
was  "  laid  out  and  subdivided"  1  mo.  25, 1684,  in  pursuance 
of  a  warrant  from  the  Surveyor-General  dated  the  24th  day 
of  the  same  month.  We  have  some  evidence,  however, 
that  the  tract  was  subdivided  nearly  two  years  earlier  by 
Charles  Ashcom,  then  a  deputy  surveyor,  for  a  note  below 
the  certificate  reads  "  first  p  War*  per  me  datd  24th  6mo  82 
directed  to  C  Ashcom"  and  "  After  p  War*  from  ye  Govr 
datd  22d  lmo  83."  In  a  letter  from  Edward  Jones  to  John 
ap  Thomas,  dated  «  Skoolkill  River  ye  26th  of  ye  6  mo  1682," 
the  first  survey  by  Ashcom  is  evidently  the  one  referred  to 
in  the  following  passage  : 

"  Ye  name  of  town  lots  is  called  now  Wicoco ;  here  is  a  Crowd  of 
people  striving  for  ye  Country  land,  for  ye  town  lot  is  not  divided,  & 
therefore  we  are  forced  to  take  up  ye  Country  lots.  We  had  much  adoe 
to  get  a  grant  of  it,  but  it  Cost  us  4  or  5  days  attendance,  besides  some 
score  of  miles  we  traveled  before  we  brought  it  to  pass.  I  hope  it  will 
please  thee  and  the  rest  yt  are  concerned,  for  it  hath  most  rare  timber, 
I  have  not  seen  the  like  in  all  these  parts,  there  is  water  enough  beside. 
The  end  of  each  lot  will  be  on  a  river  as  large  or  larger  than  the  Dye  at 
Bala,  it  is  called  Skool  Kill  Eiver.  I  hope  the  Country  land  will  within 


9.4 


\         t'<. 


^ 


*        * 

H 

*  •' 


V!  5 


1    § 


IV2  ^ 

4i 

•t     2 


f'^-S    5 


K« 

t 

# 
> 


^ 
(t 
x 


5        3 

f5 

^    2*  5 

^   4\l 

'  *    •  *;  * 
D           ^ 

i| 

1 

3 

X 


N 


\ 


f.       v\ 


I  I  is  P. 

H4? 

5        V  I 


v& 

I  6 


!  ;  rl  yltf&r 
i  '  ?•      *  i 


The  Lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Company  in  Merion.     43 

this  four  days  [be]  surveyed  out.     The  rate  for  surveying  100  Acres  [is] 
twenty  shilling,  but  I  hope  better  orders  will  be  taken  shortly  about  it." 

At  the  date  of  this  letter  the  summer  was  far  advanced 
and  the  settlers  were  naturally  anxious  to  have  their  allot- 
ments located  as  soon  as  possible.  Owing  to  this  urgency, 
it  is  likely  that  the  original  lines  were  hastily  run  and  im- 
perfectly marked  on  the  ground,  to  correct  which  the  sub- 
se.quent  warrants  were  obtained  and  the  Powell  survey  of 
1684  executed.  Although  several  changes  in  title  had  been 
made  prior  to  that  date,  they  are  not  noted  on  the  draft.  It 
shows  seventeen  divisions,  the  several  areas  of  which  prac- 
tically agree  with  the  allotments  called  for  in  the  original 
deeds  to  the  seventeen  grantees.  Hence  we  may  safely  con- 
clude that  this  draft  shows  the  original  subdivision  that  was 
being  made  on  the  ground,  while  Edward  Jones  was  writing 
that  "  each  lot  will  be  on  a  river  as  large  or  larger  than  the 
Dye  at  Bala." 

The  seventeen  persons  l  concerned  in  this  purchase  had 
their  homes  in  the  neighborhoods  of  Bala  and  Dolgelly, 
Merionethshire,  Wales,  and  besides  being  neighbors  and 
friends,  were  more  or  less  connected  by  ties  of  blood  and 
intermarriage.  Prominent  and  respected  citizens  in  their 
own  country,  those  who  came  to  Pennsylvania  took  a  leading 
part  in  the  development  of  the  new  colony,  and  many  of 
their  descendants  have  borne  distinguished  names  in  litera- 
ture, science,  and  public  affairs.  Being  all,  by  convince- 
ment,  Quakers,  and  having  suffered  for  many  years  much 
annoyance,  loss  of  property,  and  even  imprisonment  by 
reason  of  the  severe  laws  against  non-conformists,  they  were 
among  the  first  to  appreciate  and  welcome  the  "  Concessions 
or  Constitucons"  published  by  William  Penn  July  11, 1681. 
In  accordance  therewith  they  subscribed  one  hundred  pounds 
for  the  purchase  of  five  thousand  acres  to  be  allotted  and 
set  out  in  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania.  The  deeds  of 

1  For  biographical  and  genealogical  notices  of  these  first  settlers  ot 
Merion,  see  Dr.  Levick's  papers  in  PENNA.  MAG.,  Vol.  IV.  pp.  301, 
471,  and  Glenn's  " Merion  in  the  Welsh  Tract." 


44 


The  Lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Company  in  Merion. 


lease  and  release  are  dated  September  16-17,  1681,  the 
grantees  named  being  John  Thomas,  of  Llaithgwn,  and 
Edward  Jones,  of  Bala,  who  afterwards  executed  deeds,  or 
declarations  of  trust,  to  the  other  contributors  and  to  each 
other,  covenanting  to  release  and  confirm  the  proportion  of 
land  to  which  each  was  entitled  by  reason  of  his  contribu- 
tion, as  soon  as  the  five  thousand  acres  should  be  laid  out. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  contributors  in  the  order  in 
which  their  names  appear  on  the  draft,  with  the  dates  of 
their  deeds,  amounts  subscribed,  and  the  number  of  acres 
to  which  each  was  entitled. 


£ 

s. 

d. 

Acres. 

1. 

John  Thomas,  of  Llaithgwn  .     . 

Apr. 

1, 

1682 

25 

0 

0 

1250 

2. 

Hugh  Eoberts,  of  Kiltalgarth 

Feb. 

28, 

1681 

12 

10 

0 

625 

3. 

William  ap  Edward,  of  Ucheldre 

Apr. 

1, 

1682 

3 

2 

6 

156J 

4. 

Edward  Eees,  of  Kiltalgarth  .     . 

Apr. 

1, 

1682 

3 

2 

6 

1561 

5. 

Edward  Jones,  of  Bala       .     .     . 

Apr. 

1, 

1682 

6 

5 

0 

312£ 

6. 

Edward  Owen,  of  Doleyserre  .     . 

Apr. 

1, 

1682 

6 

5 

0 

312J 

7. 

John  ap  Edward,  of  Nant  Lleidiog 

Mch. 

18, 

1681 

6 

5 

0 

312£ 

8. 

Eobert  David,  of  Gwernevel  Is- 

mynydd  . 

Mch. 

18, 

1681 

6 

5 

o 

312£ 

9. 

Eees  John  William,  of  Llanglynin 

Apr. 

1, 

1682 

3 

2 

6 

1561 

10. 

Thomas  Prichard,  of  Nant  Lleidiog 

Apr. 

1, 

1682 

3 

2 

6 

1561 

11. 

Gainor  Eobert,  of  Kiltalgarth     . 

Apr. 

1, 

1682 

3 

2 

6 

1561 

12. 

Cadwalader  Morgan,  of  Gwernevel 

Apr. 

1, 

1682 

3 

2 

6 

156J 

13. 

Thomas  Lloyd,  of  Llangower  .     . 

Apr. 

1, 

1682 

3 

2 

6 

156J 

14. 

William  John,  of  Bettws  .     .     . 

Apr. 

1, 

1682 

3 

2 

6 

1561 

15. 

John  Watkin,  of  Gwernevel    .     . 

Apr. 

1, 

1682 

3 

2 

6 

1561 

16. 

Hugh  John,  of  Nant  Lleidiog     . 

Mch. 

18, 

1681 

3 

2 

6 

1561 

17. 

Evan  Eees,  of  Penmaen     .     . 

Mch. 

18, 

1681 

6 

5 

0 

312£ 

£100     0     0     5000 

Having  thus  secured  land  rights  in  the  new  Province 
which  would  enable  them  to  settle  together  in  one  place 
and  at  the  same  time  afford  means  of  support,  these  people 
made  active  preparations  for  the  long  voyage  which  was  to 
separate  them  permanently  from  their  old  homes.  The  first 
to  depart  were  Edward  Jones,  Edward  Rees,  Eobert  David, 
William  ap  Edward  and  probably  his  brother  John  ap 
Edward,  and  William  John,  with  their  families  and  servants, 
who  arrived  in  the  Schuylkill  River  6  mo.  13,  1682,  on  the 


The  Lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Company  in  Merion.     45 

ship  "  Lyon,"  from  Liverpool,  John  Compton,  master,  and, 
as  we  have  seen,  lost  no  time  in  selecting  a  suitable  tract  of 
land  for  their  future  homes.  Remembering  their  native 
county  in  Wales,  they  called  the  new  settlement  Meirion  or 
Merion,  which  name,  for  some  time,  was  confined  to  the  tract 
under  consideration.  It  extends  along  the  city  line  from 
the  Schuylkill  Eiver  to  a  short  distance  beyond  Overbrook, 
and  northwestward  to  a  point  opposite  Manayunk,  having 
an  average  width  of  two  miles.  It  includes  Merion  and 
Narberth  on  the  main  line,  and  Bala  and  Cynwyd  Stations 
on  the  Schuylkill  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 
The  old  Lancaster  Road  traverses  the  tract  diagonally  for 
two  and  a  half  miles. 

The  grant  from  William  Penn  carried  with  it  the  privilege 
of  taking  up  "  in  the  first  great  town  or  city"  the  propor- 
tion of  ten  acres  for  every  five  hundred  acres  purchased, 
which  in  this  case  amounted  to  one  hundred  acres.  Edward 
Jones,  in  the  letter  above  mentioned,  says  "  ye  town  lot  is  not 
divided,  &  therefore  we  are  forced  to  take  up  ye  Country  lots." 
We  accordingly  find  that  the  town  lots  were  not  surveyed 
at  that  time,  and,  on  account  of  the  urgent  demand  for  "  y° 
Country  land,"  the  remaining  four  thousand  nine  hundred 
acres  could  not  be  taken  up  in  one  place  convenient  to  the 
city.  It  was  determined,  therefore,  to  locate  half  of  the  grant 
at  once  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  have  it  subdivided  so 
that  each  purchaser  should  have  half  of  his  allotment  there. 
The  draft  shows  how  closely  this  plan  was  carried-  out,  the 
areas  of  the  several  lots  thereon  aggregating  two  thousand 
four  hundred  and  forty-four  and  three-quarters  acres.1  The 
other  moiety  of  the  grant  was  surveyed  in  G-oshen  by  virtue 
of  the  general  warrant  for  the  survey  of  the  Welsh  Tract 
dated  1  mo.  13,  1684,  and  is  shown  on  the  draft  of  the 
Welsh  Tract  at  the  head  of  Chester  Creek,  bearing  the 
name  of  "  Griffith  Owen  and  Corny  2400  acres."  The  one 
hundred  acres  of  city  lots  appurtenant  to  the  grant,  denomi- 

1  The  actual  area,  according  to  modern  surveys,  is  about  three  thousand 
two  hundred  acres. 


46     The  Lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Company  in  Merion. 

nated  Liberty  land,  was  surveyed  in  one  tract  in  Blockley 
2  mo.  23,  1692. 

Upwards  of  twenty  years  elapsed  before  the  titles  to 
these  Merion  and  Goshen  lands  were  confirmed  by  patents, 
and  in  the  mean  time  many  changes  both  in  ownership  and 
boundaries  had  been  made,  either  through  inheritance  from 
the  original  owners  or  by  sales  or  exchanges  of  lands,  with 
or  without  formal  conveyances.  Taking  up  the  subdivisions 
in  the  order  shown  on  the  draft,  the  following  notes  will  ' 
illustrate  some  of  the  changes  and  furnish  the  names  of 
subsequent  owners,  who  should  also  have  the  credit  of  being 
among  the  first  settlers  of  Merion. 

1.  Katherin  Thomas  ye  Relict  of  John  Thomas  612a.  John 
ap  Thomas,  of  Llaithgwn,  Commot  of  Penllyn,  trustee 
with  Edward  Jones,  and  owner  of  a  one-fourth  interest 
in  the  purchase,  was  not  destined  to  come  to  Pennsylva- 
nia, but  died  at  his  home  in  "Wales  3  mo.  3,  1683,  having 
devised  his  rights  in  the  twelve  hundred  and  fifty  acres 
to  his  four  sons  Thomas,  Robert,  Evan,  and  Cadwalader 
John  in  equal  shares.  The  widow  Katherin,  with  her  chil- 
dren, accompanied  by  Hugh  Robert  and  his  wife -Jane  (ap 
Owen)  and  children,  his  sister  Gainer  Robert  (ap  Hugh), 
and  probably  Hugh  John  Thomas,  Cadwalader  Morgan,  and 
John  Roberts,  of  Caernarvon,  arrived  at  Philadelphia  about 
the  middle  of  November,  1683,  on  the  ship  "  Morning  Star," 
from  Liverpool,  Thomas  Hayes,  master.  Katherin  Thomas 
settled  upon  the  tract  of  six  hundred  and  twelve  acres,  which 
had  been  laid  out  for  her  husband  the  preceding  year,  and 
which  they  called  "  Gelli  yr  Cochiad."  The  records  show 
that  she  soon  acquired  other  real  estate.  The  following 
summer  she  purchased  a  dwelling-house,  "  lately  erected," 
with  one  hundred  and  fifty  acres  on  the  west  side  of  the 
Schuylkill  in  Philadelphia,  between  the  lands  of  Barnabas 
Willcox  and  Joseph  Harrison.  Five  years  later  she  bought 
of  Joseph  Wood,  of  Woods  Mount,  Darby,  five  hundred 
acres  of  land  on  the  Schuylkill,  immediately  north  of  the 


The  Lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Company  in  Merion.     47 

Merion  land,  the  deed  being  dated  December  10,  1689. 
This  plantation  was  called  "  Glanrason,"  and  doubtless  was 
first  settled  and  improved  by  Katherin  Thomas  or  her  sons. 
It  is  the  tract  bearing  erroneously  the  name  of  William 
Sharlow  on  Holme's  map.  It  was,  however,  first  surveyed 
to  William  Wood  7  mo.  30,  1684,  and  confirmed  by  patent 
to  his  son  Joseph  in  1689.  The  next  tract  above,  of  five 
hundred  acres,  was  the  one  surveyed  at  the  same  time  to 
Sharlow,  and  was  afterwards  called  "  Mount  Ararat  Planta- 
tion." Robert  Jones,  son  of  Katherin,  obtained  a  patent 
for  one  hundred  and  sixty-five  acres  of  the  Sharlow  tract 
February  12, 1704.  Katherin  Thomas  died  11  mo.  18, 1697, 
and  her  son  Evan  a  month  later. 

The  remainder  of  the  John  Thomas  purchase  was  laid  out 
in  Goshen,  on  Chester  Creek,  between  the  lands  of  Hugh 
Robert  and  Edward  Rees.  Thomas,  Robert,  and  Cadwalader 
Jones  obtained  a  patent  for  both  the  Merion  and  Goshen 
tracts  11  mo.  3,  1703,  the  former  having  been  found,  on 
resurvey,  to  contain  six  hundred  and  seventy-nine  acres  and 
the  latter  six  hundred  and  thirty-five  acres.  Some  of  these 
lands  still  remain  in  possession  of  the  family. 

&  Hugh  Eobart  306a.  Hugh  Roberts,  of  Kiltalgarth,  who 
arrived  in  Pennsylvania  in  November,  1683,  settled  with  his 
family  on  the  tract  that  had  been  allotted  to  him,  containing 
three  hundred  and  six  acres.  In  addition,  he  bought  the 
share  of  John  Watkin  4  mo.  23,  1684,  and  the  adjoining 
seventy-six  and  a  half  acres  of  William  ap  Edward  6  mo. 
17,  1694.  He  soon  became  an  extensive  land-owner,  the 
records  showing  conveyances  from  John  ap  John  and 
Thomas  Wynne  for  nine  hundred  acres,  from  Peter  Young, 
of  Bristol,  for  five  hundred  acres,  from  Francis  Cook  (in 
right  of  James  Claypoole)  for  four  hundred  acres,  and  from 
Wood  and  Sharlow.  These  lands  were  surveyed  in  the 
upper  part  of  the  Welsh  Tract  and  in  Merion  and  Blockley. 
The  Goshen  tract,  containing  five  hundred  and  forty-nine 
acres,  was  surveyed  on  Ridley  Creek,  between  the  lands  of 


48     The  Lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Company  in  Merion. 

the  Jones  brothers  first  mentioned,  John  Eoberts,  and 
Griffith  Owen.  The  upper  portion,  containing  two  hundred 
and  ninety-five  acres,  was  sold  to  Cadwalader  Ellis,  and  the 
balance,  containing  on  resurvey  three  hundred  and  thirty- 
eight  acres,  was  confirmed  by  patent  to  the  executors  of 
Hugh  Roberts,  March  26, 1706.  On  March  23, 1701,  Hugh 
Roberts  obtained  a  patent  for  two  hundred  acres  in  Blockley, 
on  the  old  Lancaster  Road,  which  he  called  "  Chestnut  Hill," 
and  where  he  resided  until  his  death  6  mo.  18, 1702.  This 
plantation,  with  adjoining  lands  purchased  of  Wood  and 
Sharlow,  was  devised  to  his  youngest  son,  Edward  Roberts. 
A  large  part  of  these  lands  is  now  within  the  limits  of 
Fairmount  Park,  that  portion  known  as  George's  Hill  having 
been  presented  to  the  city  by  Jesse  and  Rebecca  George, 
whose  ancestors  derived  their  title  from  Edward  Roberts. 

Hugh  Roberts  devised  his  Merion  lands  to  his  sons  Robert 
and  Owen,  who,  on  March  26,  1706,  obtained  patents  for 
them  in  two  tracts  containing  two  hundred  and  twenty  and 
two  hundred  and  thirty-one  acres  respectively.  By  deed 
dated  October  16,  1707,  Robert  Roberts,  then  residing  in 
the  Province  of  Maryland,  conveyed  the  above  two  hundred 
and  twenty  acres  to  Edward  Rees,  together  with  ten  acres 
at  the  head  of  Mill  Creek,  which  had  also  been  willed  to 
him  by  his  father  under  the  name  of  "  Clean  John3  Meadow." 
The  tract  conveyed  to  Edward  Rees  extended  along  the  old 
Lancaster  Road  from  the  Merion  Friends'  Meeting-House 
to  the  junction  of  the  Gulf  Road.  As  to  the  two  hundred 
and  thirty-one  acres  comprising  the  easterly  end  of  the 
original  purchase,  Ann  Roberts,  of  Nantmell  Township, 
Chester  County,  widow  of  Owen  Roberts,  conveyed  the 
same  to  Jonathan  Jones,  of  Merion,  by  lease  and  release 
October  13-14,  1726. 

3.  William  Edward  76]j2a.  William  ap  Edward  or  Bed- 
ward^  son  of  Edward  ap  John,  of  Cynlas,  near  Bala,  with 
his  wife  Jane  (ap  John  ap  Edward)  and  daughters  Elizabeth 
and  Katherin,  arrived  in  1682  on  the  ship  «  Lyon,"  as  before 


The  Lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Company  in  Merion.     49 

mentioned.  The  draft  shows  one  hundred  and  fifty-three 
and  a  quarter  acres  in  his  name  and  that  of  his  fellow- 
passenger  Edward  Rees,  with  the  division  line  partly  drawn. 
William  ap  Edward's  half  extended  from  that  line  to  the 
Schuylkill,  with  the  courses  of  the  side  lines  changed  to 
conform  to  a  small  stream  flowing  into  the  river,  and  on  this 
tract  he  doubtless  built  his  temporary  cabin  or  dugout  in 
the  fall  of  1682,  in  which  the  family  continued  to  live  until 
their  removal  to  Blockley.  The  one  hundred  acres  of 
Liberty  land,  surveyed  in  Blockley  2  mo.  23, 1692,  as  above 
related,  were  conveyed  by  the  owners  to  William  ap  Edward 
10  mo.  27,  1693,  which  may  approximate  the  date  of  his 
removal.  Having  purchased  other  rights  to  Liberty  land, 
he  obtained  a  patent  for  the  whole  in  one  tract  of  two 
hundred  and  seven  acres  nine  perches  3  mo.  4, 1702.  The 
present  suburban  town  of  Overbrook  is  upon  this  land. 
William  Edward  conveyed  his  original  purchase  of  seventy- 
six  and  a  half  acres  in  Merion  to  Hugh  Roberts  6  mo.  17, 
1694,  and  his  seventy-five  acres  in  G-oshen  to  Robert  William 
January  21, 1703.  He  continued  to  reside  upon  his  Blockley 
plantation  until  his  death  in  1714,  having  devised  the  same 
to  his  only  son  Edward  William,  whose  wife  Ellin  or  Eleanor 
was  the  daughter  of  David  Lawrence,  of  Haverford.  Wil- 
liam ap  Edward's  first  wife,  Katherin,  was  a  daughter  of 
Robert  ap  Hugh  and  therefore  a  sister  of  Hugh  and  Gainor 
Robert. 

4.  Edward  Eees  763I*.  Edward  Rees,  of  Kiltalgarth, 
settled  in  1682  on  the  west  half  of  the  tract  on  which  his 
name  is  associated  with  that  of  William  Edward  on  the 
draft.  He  purchased  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  acres  of 
the  adjoining  land  of  Thomas  Lloyd,  the  deputy  Governor, 
5  mo.  5,  1691,  and  two  acres  of  Edward  Jones,  which,  with 
his  original  purchase,  were  confirmed  to  him  by  patent 
January  1,  1704,  the  three  parcels  containing  together  one 
hundred  and  ninety  acres.  The  Merion  Meeting-House  lot 
occupies  the  northeast  corner  of  this  patent,  being  divided 

VOL.  XXVI.- 


50     The  Lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Company  in  Marion. 

from  the  main  portion  by  the  old  Lancaster  Road.  Having 
purchased  the  adjoining  plantation  on  the  north,  containing 
two  hundred  and  twenty  acres,  of  Robert  Roberts  in  1707, 
as  before  related,  he  granted  one  moiety  of  both  tracts  to 
the  use  of  his  son  Rees  Frees  and  his  wife  Sarah,  only 
daughter  of  David  Meredith,  late  of  Plymouth,  in  a  mar- 
riage settlement  dated  August  7,  1708.  Edward  Rees  sold 
his  land  in  Goshen,  together  with  seventy-eight  acres  bought 
of  John  William  in  1697,  to  Ellis  David  January  9, 1707-8. 
This  land  was  on  Chester  Creek,  between  the  lands  of 
Thomas  Jones  and  brothers  and  Evan  Jones  and  company, 
and,  with  other  lands,  was  confirmed  by  patent  to  David 
Davis,  son  of  Ellis,  October  10,  1735.  Edward  Rees  died 
at  his  home  in  Merion  in  1728. 

5.  Edward  Joans  153^?.  Edward  Jones,  of  Bala,  Chi- 
rurgeon,  sometimes  called  Edward  Jones,  Senior,  who  arrived 
in  1682,  was  trustee  with  John  ap  Thomas,  and  took  a  leading 
part  in  the  selection  and  subdivision  of  the  land  in  Merion. 
The  draft  shows  his  own  allotment  as  a  narrow  strip  ex- 
tending from  the  Schuylkill  to  the  west  boundary  of  the 
grant,  but  his  patent  for  one  hundred  and  fifty  acres  (4  mo. 
22,  1703)  comprises  the  west  half  only  of  that  strip  and 
the  west  half  of  the  adjoining  allotment  of  Edward  Owen, 
implying  an  exchange  in  ownership  before  the  date  of  the 
patent.  At  about  the  same  time  (4  mo.  21,  1703)  he  ob- 
tained a  patent  for  the  adjacent  tract  on  the  south  containing 
one  hundred  and  eighty-eight  acres,  which  he  had  purchased 
of  Edward  Jones,  Junior.  Dr.  Edward  Jones  and  Mary 
his  wife  were  still  living  upon  their  Merion  lands  in  1731, 
when  they  gave  them  by  deed  to  their  son  John  Jones,  who 
afterwards  removed  to  Philadelphia,  and  sold  the  lands  to 
Anthony  Tunis  in  1741.  The  road  leading  eastward  from 
Merion  Meeting-IIouse  forms  part  of  the  north  boundary  of 
this  tract,  which  crosses  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  near 
Narberth  Station. 

With  the  above  patents  to  Edward  Jones  were  included 


The  Lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Company  in  Merion.     51 

two  tracts  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  acres  and  four 
hundred  and  two  acres  in  Goshen,  located  to  the  eastward 
of  Griffith  Owen's  land,  the  title  to  which  was  derived  from 
his  original  purchase  and  rights  bought  of  Edward  Jones, 
Junior,  and  Richard  ap  Thomas.  He  sold  three  hundred 
acres  of  these  lands  to  Robert  Williams  in  1707  and  the 
balance  to  Ellis  Williams  in  1720.  He  also  held  a  patent 
for  one  hundred  and  sixty-one  acres  in  Blockley  on  the  old 
Lancaster  Road,  adjoining  the  Merion  line,  and  bounded  by 
lands  of  William  Edward,  Jonathan  Wynne,  and  Hugh 
Roberts.  Dr.  Edward  Jones  died  in  1737,  aged  ninety-two 
years. 

6.  Edward  Owen  153^?.  The  time  of  the  arrival  of  Ed- 
ward Owen  is  not  known,  but  at  the  date  of  his  deed 
(April  1, 1682)  he  is  mentioned  therein  as  late  of  Doleyserre 
in  the  county  of  Merioneth,  and  may  have  been  in  Penn- 
sylvania or  on  his  way  there  at  that  early  period.  At  that 
time  the  Merion  lands  had  not  been  surveyed,  which  may 
account  for  his  settlement  at  Duck  Creek  in  New  Castle 
County,  at  which  place  he  resided  when  he  executed  (1  mo. 
9,  1684-5)  an  assignment  of  his  interest  in  his  three  hundred 
and  twelve  and  a  half  acres  to  his  brother  Griffith  Owen, 
"  Practicioner  in  Physick,"  who  in  the  mean  time  had  settled 
upon  the  Merion  allotment.  By  deed  dated  1  mo.  1,  1694, 
Dr.  Griffith  Owen  conveyed  the  latter  to  Robert  David,  who 
owned  the  adjoining  tract.  It  then  comprised  the  east  half 
of  the  lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Edward  Owen,  as  shown 
upon  the  old  draft.  Griffith  Owen,  having  purchased  other 
land  rights  of  Richard  Davis,  of  Denbigh,  and  of  the  Com- 
missioners of  Property,  had  the  whole  surveyed  in  one  tract 
in  Goshen  containing  seven  hundred  and  seventy-five  acres, 
which  was  confirmed  to  him  by  patent  December  13,  1703. 
The  Goshen  Friends'  Meeting-House  and  graveyard  are 
located  near  the  middle  of  this  tract,  the  land  having  been 
granted  by  Griffith  Owen  to  trustees  for  those  uses.  He 
afterwards  conveyed  thirty-three  acres  to  Robert  William, 


52     The  Lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Company  in  Merion. 

the  deed  being  dated  October  21,  1707.  He  also  bought 
four  hundred  and  forty-one  acres  in  Goshen  of  John  Fincher 
November  17,  1705,  a  tract  which  had  been  formerly  sur- 
veyed to  Hugh  Eoberts,  but  resurveyed  and  patented  to 
Fincher  by  order  of  the  Commissioners  May  27,  1705. 
Griffith  Owen  devised  this  land  to  his  four  daughters,  Sarah 
Minshall,  Rebecca  Minshall,  Jane  Coppock,  and  Ann  Whit- 
pain,  and  the  large  tract  to  his  three  sons,  John,  Edward, 
and  Griffith  Owen,  who  in  1725  sold  it  to  Stephen  Beaks, 
of  West  Town.  At  that  time  the  eldest  son,  John,  was  a 
"  mariner,"  and  Edward  and  Griffith  "  practicioners  in  phys- 
ick"  in  Philadelphia.  Dr.  Griffith  Owen's  will  is  dated 
1  mo.  15,  1716. 


7.  Edward  Joans  Jur  ISS1!^.  John  ap  Edward,  who  proba- 
bly arrived  with  his  brother  William  on  the  ship  "  Lyon"  in 
1682,  died  the  following  year,  and  his  eldest  son,  Evan,  to 
whom  his  three  hundred  and  twelve  and  a  half  acres  had  been 
devised,  having  also  died,  the  land  descended  to  his  surviving 
son  and  heir  at  law,  Edward  ap  John,  who  was  commonly 
called  Edward  Jones,  Junior,  to  distinguish  him  from  Edward 
Jones,  Senior,  the  surgeon.  The  Merion  allotment  was  trav- 
ersed by  the  old  Lancaster  Road,  and  extended  across  the 
present  line  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  between  Merion  and 
ISTarberth  Station.  Edward  Jones,  Junior,  soon  after  attaining 
his  majority,  conveyed  both  his  Merion  and  Goshen  lands  to 
Edward  Jones,  Senior,  2  mo.  13,  1703,  as  before  mentioned. 


8.  Robert  David  IJ^S1^.  Robert  David,  of  Gwernevel, 
settled  on  the  tract  bearing  his  name  on  the  draft  in  the  fall 
of  1682  and  lived  there  for  fifty  years.  Having  purchased 
the  adjoining  one  hundred  and  fifty  acres  on  the  north  (1  mo. 
1,  1694)  of  Dr.  Griffith  Owen,  he  sold  off  twenty-five  acres 
to  Richard  Walter  in  1694  and  obtained  a  patent  for  the 
remainder,  containing  two  hundred  and  eighty  acres,  5  mo. 
20,  1703.  In  addition  to  his  original  purchase,  Robert  David 
bought  one  moiety,  or  one  hundred  and  fifty  six  and  a  quarter 


The  Lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Company  in  Merion.     53 

acres,  of  that  of  Evan  Kees,  of  Penmaen,  5  mo.  28,  1683, 
seventy-five  acres  of  which  he  sold  to  Richard  Walter  De- 
cember 1,  1694.  The  balance,  together  with  his  own  rights 
and  land  purchased  of  Richard  Thomas,  was  surveyed  in 
one  tract  of  three  hundred  and  forty-six  acres  in  Goshen 
and  included  in  the  patent  above  mentioned.  Robert  David 
died  in  October,  1732,  having  devised  his  plantations  in 
Merion  and  Goshen  to  his  only  son  Thomas  David.  The 
Goshen  land  was  located  on  Chester  Creek,  between  the 
tracts  of  Griffith  Owen  and  John  Roberts. 

9.  Rees  Joans  761\2a.  Rees  John  William,  of  Llanglynin, 
commonly  appearing  in  the  records  as  Rees  John  or  Jones, 
arrived  with  his  wife  Hannah  and  three  children  on  the 
ship  "  Vine,"  of  Liverpool,  7  mo.  17,  1684.  Before  leaving 
Wales  he  had  purchased  (July  16,  1684)  the  rights  of 
Thomas  Prichard  to  one  hundred  and  fifty-six  and  a  quarter 
acres,  so  that  he  was  entitled,  in  all,  to  three  hundred  and 
twelve  and  a  half  acres.  He  settled  upon  the  tract  bearing 
the  name  of  Thomas  Richard  on  the  draft,  and  which  in- 
cludes the  present  site  of  Merion  Station.  By  deed  dated 
4  mo.  18,  1694,  he  conveyed  seventy-six  and  a  half  acres  of 
his  land  on  the  Schuylkill  to  Cadwalader  Morgan,  who 
owned  the  adjacent  land.  Rees  John  William  died  in  1702, 
having  devised  his  dwelling  and  plantation  in  Merion  to  his 
son  Richard  Jones,  and  his  land  in  Goshen  to  his  sons  Evan 
and  John  Jones.  The  latter  tract  was  on  Chester  Creek, 
between  the  lands  of  David  Davis  and  Richard  ap  Thomas. 

Richard  Jones  (November  8, 1720)  bought  thirty-nine  and 
a  half  acres  adjoining  his  Merion  land,  of  John  Roberts,  a 
nephew  of  Thomas  Lloyd,  of  Llangower,  and  having  re- 
moved to  Goshen,  he  and  his  wife  Rebecca,  by  lease  and 
release  dated  June  26-27,  1729,  conveyed  their  Merion 
plantation,  then  containing  one  hundred  and  fifty-five  acres, 
to  Hugh  Evans,  in  Merion.  His  tract  of  one  hundred  and 
fifty-seven  acres  in  Goshen  adjoined  that  of  his  brothers 
Evan  and  John,  and  was  bounded  by  the  lands  of  Griffith 


54     The  Lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Company  in  Merion. 

Owen  and  Thomas  Lloyd.  The  title  to  a  portion  of  this 
tract  was  derived  from  his  uncle  Evan  John  William,  a 
purchaser  under  Eichard  Davies. 

10.  Thomas  Richard  761j2a.  Thomas  ap  Eichard,  or 
Prichard,  did  not  come  to  Pennsylvania,  but  assigned  his 
rights  in  the  purchase  to  Eees  John  William  July  16,  1684, 
as  above  related. 

11.  Gaynor  Eobart  761]?.  Gainor  Eobert,  of  Kiltalgarth, 
spinster,  was  a  passenger,  with  her  brother  Hugh  Eobert, 
on  the  ship  "  Morning  Star."  She  became  the  wife  of  John 
Roberts,  of  Caernarvon,  1  mo.  20,  1784.  John  Roberts 
arrived  at  Philadelphia  9  mo.  16,  1683,  probably  also  on  the 
"  Morning  Star,"  and  settled  at  the  place  he  called  Pencoid, 
which  is  on  the  easterly  end  of  the  tract  bearing  the  name 
of  Evan  Eees  on  the  draft,  which  land  he  held  in  right  of 
his  wife's  original  purchase,  and  it  has  ever  since  continued 
in  possession  of  the  family.  Under  the  notice  of  Eobert 
David  (No.  8)  it  was  mentioned  that  Evan  Eees,  of  Pen- 
maen,  by  deed  dated  5  mo.  28,  1683,  had  assigned  one 
moiety  of  his  purchase  to  Eobert  David,  the  Merion  portion 
of  which  was  the  half  of  the  tract,  or  seventy-six  and  a 
half  acres,  next  the  Schuylkill.  But  as  this  half  was  soon 
after  in  possession  of  John  Eoberts  and  wife,  and  the 
original  tract  of  Gainor  Eobert,  of  the  same  area,  in  the 
ownership  of  Eobert  David,  we  may,  in  the  absence  of 
records,  infer  that  an  exchange  of  the  lands  was  made  at 
about  that  time.  By  deed  dated  December  1,  1694,  Eobert 
David  conveyed  the  last-mentioned  tract  (originally  Gaynor 
Eobert's),  with  twenty-five  acres  adjacent,  to  Eichard  Walter, 
who  obtained  a  patent  for  the  same  4  mo.  8,  1703,  the  area 
on  resurvey  proving  to  be  one  hundred  and  seventeen  acres. 
This  land  is  on  the  old  Lancaster  Eoad  about  half  a  mile 
north  of  the  city  line. 

John  Eoberts  purchased  (7  mo.  7, 1687)  the  Goshen  allot- 
ments of  Hugh  John  and  Cadwalader  Morgan,  containing 


The  Lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Company  in  Merion.     55 

one  hundred  and  fifty-six  acres,  which,  with  the  land  there  in 
right  of  his  wife,  was  resurveyed  by  warrant  dated  10  mo. 
22,  1701,  and  found  to  contain  two  hundred  and  sixty-two 
acres.  This  land  was  on  Chester  Creek,  between  the  large 
tract  of  Hugh  Roberts  on  the  east  and  the  land  of  Robert 
David  on  the  west. 

12.  Cadwalader  Morgan  761j2a.     Cadwalader   Morgan,   of 
Gwernevel,   also  probably   a   passenger  on  the  "  Morning 
Star"  in  1683,  settled  with  his  family  on  his  Merion  allot- 
ment on  the  Schuylkill,  and  increased  his  holding  by  pur- 
chase of  the  adjoining  seventy-six  and  a  half  acres  of  Rees 
John  William  on  the  north  and  west,  and  the  seventy-six 
and  a  half  acres  of  John  Williams  (son  of  William  John) 
on  the  southeast,  the  deeds  being  dated  4  mo.  18,  1694. 
This  land  was  all  resurveyed  in  one  tract  of  two  hundred 
and  twenty-three   and  a  half  acres  in  1701.     Cadwalader 
Morgan  bought  the  adjoining  land  of  Hugh  Jones  (Hugh 
John  Thomas),  containing   ninety-two  acres,  January   19, 
1707-8,  and  on  May  30,  1709,  sold  both  tracts  to  Robert 
Evans.     These  lands  afterwards  passed  into  possession  of 
the  Roberts  family.     Cadwalader  Morgan  died  in  Merion 
in  1711. 

13.  Thomas  Lloyd  761j2a.     Thomas  Lloyd,  of  Llangower 
Parish,  Penllyn,  devised  his  share  in  the  purchase  to  his 
nephew  John  Roberts,  who  sold  the  east  end  of  the  Merion 
tract,  containing  thirty-seven  and  a  half  acres,  to  Griffith 
John  prior  to  1703,  and  the  west  end,  containing  thirty-nine 
and  a  half  acres,  to  Richard  Jones  November  8, 1720.     At 
that  time  John  Roberts  and  Mary  his  wife  lived  in  Chelten- 
ham Township,  Philadelphia.     John   Roberts   held   about 
one  hundred  and  fifty-three  acres  in  Goshen,  half  in  right 
of  Thomas  Lloyd  and  half  through  a  grant  or   gift  from 
Evan  John  William,  who  had  purchased  one  hundred  and 
fifty-six  and  a  quarter  acres  of  Richard  Davies  in  1682. 
Thomas  Lloyd  did  not  emigrate  to  Pennsylvania. 


56     The  Lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Company  in  Merion. 

14.  William  Joans  76%a.     It  is  not  certainly  known  that 
"William  John,  of  Bettws,  ever  settled  upon  his  Merion  allot- 
ment.    His  nuncupative  will,  proved  1  mo.  1,  1685,  fur- 
nishes us  with  the  names  of  his  four  children,  John,  Alice, 
Katherine,   and    Gwen  "William,   who   had   chosen   Hugh 
Eoberts  and  John  Eoberts,  of  Merion,  feoffees  in  trust.     By 
deed  poll  dated  4  mo.  18, 1694,  the  son  John  William  con- 
veyed the  Merion  tract  to   Cadwalader  Morgan,  and  the 
seventy-eight  acres  in  Goshen  to  Edward  Sees  6  mo.  13, 
1697,  who  sold  the  same  to  Ellis  David  January  9,  1707-8. 

15.  John  Wattkin  761l2a.     John   "Watkin,    of    Gwernevel, 
Bachelor,  by  deed  dated  4  mo.  23, 1684,  conveyed  his  Merion 
and  Goshen  lands  to  Hugh  Roberts,  who  (5  mo.  26,  1688) 
conveyed  the  seventy-six  and  a  half  acres  in  Merion,  shown 
upon  the  draft,  to  Abel  Thomas,  who  was  probably  the  first 
settler  thereon. 

16.  Hugh  John  Thomas  761l2a.     Hugh  John  Thomas,   of 
ISTant  Lleidiog,  Parish  of  Llanvawr,  commonly  known  as 
Hugh  Jones,  and  probably  a  passenger  on  the  ship  "  Morning 
Star,"  settled  upon  the  tract  allotted  to  him  soon  after  his 
arrival.     He  obtained  a  patent  for  his  land  November  8, 
1703,  the  resurvey  making  the  area  ninety-two  acres.     Hugh 
Jones  removed  to  Plymouth,  and  by  deed  dated  January 
19,  1707-8,  in  which  his  son-in-law  Rowland  Richard  joined, 
he  conveyed  his  Merion  plantation  to  Cadwalader  Morgan. 
Hugh  Jones  sold  his  seventy-eight  acres  in  Goshen  to  John 
Roberts,  of  Pencoyd,  as  before  related. 

17.  Evan  Eees  153^?.     Evan  Rees,  of  Penmaen,  by  deed 
dated   July  28,   1683,  conveyed    one  moiety  of  his  three 
hundred  and  twelve  and  a  half  acres  to  Robert  David  and 
one  moiety  to  Griffith  John,  and  his  name  is  no  further 
associated  with  the  settlement  of  Merion.     The  moiety  con- 
veyed to  Robert  David  has  already  been  noticed.     Griffith 
John,  having  purchased,  in  addition,  thirty-seven  and  a  half 


The  Lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Company  in  Merion.     57 

acres  of  John  Roberts,  the  nephew  of  Thomas  Lloyd,  ob- 
tained a  patent  for  the  whole  in  one  tract  of  one  hundred 
and  ninety-two  acres  November  8,  1703.  This  land  was 
on  the  old  Lancaster  Road,  next  the  city  line,  and  included 
the  easterly  ends  of  the  allotments  of  Thomas  Lloyd  and 
John  Watkin  and  part  of  the  west  half  of  that  of  Evan 
Rees,  as  shown  on  the  draft.  Griffith  John  was  a  son  of 
John  ap  Evan,  and  therefore  first  cousin  to  Jane  (ap  Owen), 
the  wife  of  Hugh  Roberts.  He  was  the  first  settler  on  his 
Merion  land,  and  resided  there  until  his  death  in  1707.  He 
devised  his  dwelling  and  plantation  to  his  son  John  Griffith, 
who  married  Grace  Foulke,  and  whose  descendants  con- 
tinued to  occupy  the  land  for  many  years. 


58  William  Biles. 

WILLIAM  BILES. 

BY   MILES   WHITE,  JR.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

At  what  time  the  Biles  family  first  settled  in  Dorsetshire, 
and  whence  they  originally  came,  is  uncertain.  The  earliest 
recorded  will  of  any  of  the  name,  in  either  the  Consistory 
Court  or  the  Archdeaconry  Court  at  Blandford,  is  that  of 
Dorothy  Biles,  of  Dorchester,  in  1693.1  The  wills  of  Josiah 
Byles,  of  Dorchester,  in  1707,  and  of  four  others  who  resided 
at  Woodland,  Holwell,  Weymouth,  and  Shilling  Okeford, 
are  all  that  appear  of  record  prior  to  1710,  which  would 
seem  to  indicate  that  the  family  had  not  then  been  long  resi- 
dent there. 

The  Register  of  the  Parish  of  St.  John  the  Baptist,  of 
Devizes,  Wilts,  shows  that  12  isTov.,  1593,  Josias  Byle  mar- 
ried Anne  Lye ; 2  and  Alumni  Oxoniemes  1500-1714  contains 
the  names  of  two  Byles,  as  follows : 

"Byle,  William,  <  serviens'  of  Cornwall,  Exeter  Coll., 
matric.  26  Oct.,  1660,  B.A.  1664,  M.A.  1667. 

"  Byles,  John,  s.  Daniel  of  Dorchester,  Dorset,  p.p.  Exeter 
Coll.,  matric.  20  Nov.,  1685;  aged  16,  B.A.  1689." 

The  latter  was  probably  related  to  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  who,  however,  always  spelt  his  name  "  Biles,"  though 
in  contemporary  records  it  was  frequently  spelt  "  Byles."  3 

1  Index  Library,  British  Record  Society. 

1  N.  Eng.  Hist,  and  Gen.  Reg.,  vol.  li.  p.  186. 

8  A  writer  in  the  N.  Eng.  Hist,  and  Gen.  Reg.  (vol.  vii.  p.  300) 
has  said  that  "this  name  has  undergone  more  varieties  of  spelling  than 
one  would  suppose  possible  in  so  short  a  syllable.  Farmer  spells  it 
'  Byles,'  'Byley'  and  '  Bylie.'  In  the  H.  and  G.  Reg.  for  1849,  p.  55,  it 
is  spelt  '  Byly.'  Mr.  Stone  in  his  History  of  Beverly  spells  it  'Byles.'  " 

In  the  Visitation  of  Cornwwall,  1620  (Harleian  Soc.  Pub.,  vol.  ix.), 
the  name  appears  as  Bill,  Byll,  Beyle,  Byle,  Bile,  Beele,  Beile,  Belli, 
Beale,  Biell,  Biele,  and  Debyll,  and  it  is  stated  that  there  are  numerous 
entries  of  the  name  of  Beele  in  the  Eegisters  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Ewe, 
and  that  Roger  Beyle  and  Walter  Byle  were  both  members  of  Parlia- 


William  Biles.  59 

The   names   of  the   parents    of  William,    Charles,   and 
Thomas  Biles  do  not  appear  in  any  account  of  the  first 

ment  in  the  time  of  Edward  III.,  and  that  William  Biell  was  an  Alder- 
man of  the  Towne  and  Borroughe  of  Saltashe  in  co.  Cornwall  in  1620. 

The  Hertfordshire  family  of  Bill  was  a  prominent  one  there  from 
about  1400.  (Notes  and  Queries,  1st  ser.,  vols.  vii.  p.  286,  x.  p.  530,  xi. 
p.  49  ;  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.,  vol.  v.  p.  29.)  Of  this  family  was  Kev.  Wm. 
Bill,  Master  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  1546,  Master  of  Trinity 
College,  1551,  one  of  Committee  to  prepare  form  of  Prayer  Book,  1559, 
first  Dean  of  Westminster  Abbey,  1560,  and  Lord  Almoner  to  Queen 
Elizabeth.  A  branch  of  this  family  settled  in  Staffordshire  and  their  de- 
scendants now  live  at  Farley  Hall. 

There  were  several  early  settlers  of  New  England  who  were  named 
Bill,  Bills  or  Billes,  Byles  and  Byley  (Savage's  Geneal.  Diet.,  vol.  i.  pp. 
177,  179,  326) ;  of  these  Josiah  Byles,  the  father  of  the  noted  preacher 
Eev.  Mather  Byles,  came  from  Winchester,  co.  Hants,  prior  to  1695. 
Henry  Byley  came,  in  1638,  in  the  "Bevis"  of  Southampton,  from  Sal- 
isbury, where  the  name  of  the  family  is  found  in  Eegisters  of  St.  Ed- 
munds Parish  between  1582  and  1636  (N.  Eng.  Hist,  and  Gen.  Reg.,  vol. 
li.  pp.  181-8)  as  Bile,  Biley,  Byle,  Byley,  and  Bylie ;  and  his  grand- 
father describes  himself  in  his  will  dated  18  Oct.,  1633,  proved  23  June, 
1634,  as  Henry  Biley  the  elder,  of  New  Saruin,  Wilts  (Ibid.,  vol.  Hi. 
p.  44). 

There  was  also  a  Thomas  Bills,  of  Barnstable,  Mass,  (probably  the 
son  of  William,  who  settled  at  Barnstable  in  1640,  and  who  may  have 
been  the  Willen  Bill  of  Great  Torrington  in  Devonshire  (Ibid.,  vol.  xiv. 
p.  341),  who  at  the  age  of  28  took  oath  of  allegiance  at  Dartmouth,  20 
Feby.,  1634),  who  1st  married  3  Oct.,  1672,  Ann,  dau.  of  Wm.  Twining, 
by  whom  he  had  two  daus.  Ann  and  Elizabeth,  mentioned  in  will  of  Wm. 
Twining  (Phila.  Wills,  Liber  B,  fol.  402)  ;  and  2dly  married  2  May, 
1676,  Joanna  Twining  (said  by  Savage  to  be  niece  of  above  Wm.  Twin- 
ing and  by  Twining  Genealogy  to  have  been  his  dau.),  by  whom  he  had 
three  sons  and  three  daus.  ;  most  of  whom  were  born  at  Eastharn,  Mass. 
(N.  Eng.  Hist,  and  Gen.  Reg.,  vol.  vi.  p.  43),  where  he  removed  from 
Barnstable,  and  where  he  was  living  in  1695.  Wm.  Twining  removed 
from  Mass.,  and  settled  in  Bucks  Co.,  Penna.,  and  Thomas  Bills  and 
family  settled  in  New  Jersey,  and  were  members  of  Shrewsbury  Mo. 
Mtg  of  Friends,  the  Kegister  of  which  shows  the  dates  of  death  of 
Thomas  and  Joanna  to  have  been  respectively  2nd  mo.  2,  1721,  and  4th 
mo.  4,  1723. 

Some  of  the  above-mentioned  persons  may  have  been  of  the  same 
family  as  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  but  no  proof  thereof  haa  been 
obtained. 


60  William  Biles. 

named,  and  it  is  not  certain  whether  there  were  other  chil- 
dren or  not,  and  very  little  is  known  of  their  early  life  and 
occupations. 

When  William  Biles  became  a  Friend,  and  whom  and 
when  he  married,  may  possibly  be  shown  by  the  Minutes  of 
Friends'  Meeting  in  Dorsetshire ;  but  the  Eegister  does  not 
contain  this  information,  nor  does  it  make  mention  of  any 
of  his  brothers  or  their  families.  It  does,  however,  show  the 
names  and  dates  of  birth  of  five  of  his  children. 

Pemberton's  List  of  Arrivals 1  states  that  "  William  Biles, 
of  Dorchester,  in  the  County  of  Dorset,  vile  monger,  and 
Johannah,  his  wife,  arrived  in  Delaware  river,  in  the  <  Eliza- 
beth &  Sarah'  of  Waymouth,  the  4th  of  the  4th  M°  1679.2 
Children.  William,  George,  John,  Elizabeth,  Johanah,  Re- 
becca and  Mary  Biles.  Servants.  Edward  Hancock,  to  serve 
8  years :  loose  the  last  of  the  3d  M°  1687.  To  have  50  acres 
of  land.  Elizabeth  Petty,  to  serve  7  years :  loose  the  last 
of  the  3d  M°  1686.  To  have  50  acres  of  land. 

"  Charles  Biles,  of  the  town  and  County  above.  Arrived 
in  the  ship  aforesaid,  the  time  aforesaid." 

Pemberton  is  in  error  as  to  Rebecca  and  Mary  Biles  hav- 
ing come,  with  their  parents,  from  England.  His  List  was 
not  made  until  1684,3  and  he  evidently  recorded  all  seven 
of  William  Biles's  children,  who  were  living  at  that  time, 
instead  of  the  five  who  actually  came  with  him. 

Whether  Charles  Biles  brought  with  him  a  wife  is  un- 
known ;  no  record  of  his  marriage  or  death  has  been  found, 
and  as  no  wife  or  children  are  recorded  in  the  List,  it  is 
quite  probable  that  he  married  in  America.  He  was  a 

1  PA.  MAG.  HIST.  AND  BIOG.,  vol.  ix.  p.  225;  Battle's  Bucks  Co.,  p. 
677. 

2  One  recent  account  states  that  they  "  landed  in  New  Castle  County, 
Delaware,  April  4  [sic]  1679."    I  have  been  unable  to  find  any  corrob- 
oration  of  this  statement,  and  believe  it  erroneous,  and  that  they  landed 
in  New  Jersey.     See  Smith's  Hist.  N.  J.,  p.  109  ;  also  Hist.  Delaware 
Co.,  Pa.,  p.  447. 

3  PA.  MAG.  HIST.  AND  BIOG.,  vol.  ix.  p.  223  ;  Publications  So.  Hist. 
Assoc.,  vol.  v.  p.  391. 


William  Biles.  61 

brother  of  William,  and  appears  to  have  always  resided  in 
ISTew  Jersey.  He  died  and  his  widow  remarried  prior  to 
March  9,  1697/8,  as  shown  by  a  deed,  dated  that  day,1  but 
signed  June  8,  1698,  between  Joseph  Wood,  of  Bucks  Co., 
Penna.,  yeoman,  and  Sarah,  late  widow  of  Charles  Biles,  of 
Maidenhead,  Burlington  Co.,  West  Jersey,  deceased,  and 
Alexander  Biles,  second  son  of  said  Charles  Biles  and  Sarah 
Biles,  now  Sarah  Brearly,  in  which  mention  is  also  made  of 
"  ye  two  daughters  of  Charles  Biles,"  names  not  given. 

Charles  Biles  also  had  a  son  John,  for  the  will  of  John 
Biles,  of  Maidenhead,  Hunterdon  Co.,  yeoman,  dated  May 
29,  1740,  was  probated  July  22,  1740.2  In  it  mention  is 
made  of  his  wife  Elizabeth,  daughter  Sarah,  two  sons  John 
and  Charles,  and  the  Executors  were  "my  wife  and  my 
brother  Alexander  Biles." 

Charles  Biles  in  1694,  in  a  deed,  describes  himself  as  "  of 
Maidenhead,  Province  West  New  Jersey,  yeoman,"  and  10th 
mo.  13, 1695,3  he  purchased  of  John  English,  of  Burlington 
Co.,  200  acres  "  above  ye  ffalls  of  the  Delaware," 4 

Proud  mentions  William  Biles  as  among  those  of  the 
Society  of  Friends  who  arrived  in  the  Province  of  ISTew 
Jersey  before  the  grant  of  Pennsylvania  to  William  Penn, 
and  who  appear  to  be  mentioned  as  active  and  useful,  not 
only  in  their  own  religious  society,  but  most  of  them  also 
in  a  civil  capacity  in  and  about  Burlington.5 

How  long  William  Biles  tarried  in  New  Jersey  is  not 
certain.  The  biographical  sketch  of  him  in  The  Friend6 
says  he  "  appears  to  have  resided  a  time  at  Burlington,"  and 
in  the  History  of  Burlington  and  Mercer  Counties 7  it  is  stated 
that  he  settled  at  Burlington ;  while  W.  J.  Buck,  in  his  His- 
tory of  Bucks  County*  says  he  settled  in  Bucks  County  in 

1  W.  J.  Deeds,  Liber  B,  fol.  658. 
'  W.  J.  Wills,  Liber  4,  fol  247. 
s  All  dates  in  this  article  are  Old  Style. 
*  N.  J.  Deeds,  Liber  B,  fol  593. 
6  Hist.  Penna.,  vol.  i.  p.  159  n. 

6  Vol.  xxviii.  p.  102. 

7  P.  113 ;  see  also  Eaum's  Hist.  N.  J.,  vol.  i.  p.  106.  8  P.  20. 


62  William  Biles. 

1679.  He  seems  to  have  held  large  tracts  of  land  in  Few 
Jersey,  which,  however,  all  seem  to  have  been  purchased 
after  he  settled  in  Bucks  County,  Pa. 

The  first  purchase  appears  to  have  been  that  tract  described  in  a  deed l 
from  Thomas  Green,  of  Maidenhead,  Burlington  Co.,  West  New  Jersey, 
yeoman,  to  William  Biles,  of  County  of  Bucks,  province  of  Penna.,  Mer- 
chant, dated  10  day  of  ye  month  called  Aprill,  1696,  and  acknowledged 
the  3d  of  ye  first  month,  1697,  before  Mahlon  Stacy,  Justice,  as  300 
acres,  being  part  of  400  acres,  lying  above  ye  ffalls  within  ye  territories 
of  Maidenhead.  Consideration  £55. 

In  other  deeds  he  is  described  as  "William  Biles  of  Bucks  County, 
Gent,"  "William  Byles  of  Bucks  County,  yeoman,"  and  "  William  Biles 
of  Bucks  County,  Merchant."  His  purchases  were  located  principally 
in  Burlington  and  Salem  Counties,2  and  also  included  "^part  of  a 
share  of  land  in  West  New  Jersey,  America,"  and  "T\  of  T^  of  a 
whole  propriety  in  West  Jersey."  In  1702  he  was  appointed  by  Wil- 
liam Crouch,  of  London,  Upholsterer,  and  James  Wass,  of  London, 
Chirurgeon,  as  their  attorney,8  and  as  such  conveyed  various  tracts  of 
land  to  John  Bryarly  and  John  Swift,  of  New  Jersey,  and  to  John 
Hough,  of  Bucks  Co.,  Pa. 

In  1704  Joseph  Wass,  of  London,  sailed  for  America,  and  James  Wass, 
Sr.,  Chyrurgion,  appointed  William  Biles  and  Edward  Shippen,  of  Pa., 
Merchants,  Joseph  Wass,  now  on  a  voyage  to  Pa.,  and  Joshua  Barkstead, 
late  of  London,  now  of  W.  N.  J.  his  attys,4  and  they  in  1705  conveyed 
to  Eobt.  Ayers,  of  Rhode  Island,  2200  acres  in  Salem  Co.  and  to  Thomas 
Stanford  300  acres  called  Quiahocking  Islands. 

September  15  and  16, 1707,  James  Wass  sold  to  William  Biles  all  his 
several  tracts  of  land  in  or  near  Quahoking,  Cohanzie  and  Morris  Eiver 
in  W.  N.  J.5  and  William  Biles,  in  1709  (after  he  had  made  his  will  in 
which  he  bequeathed  these  tracts),  conveyed  to  Joseph  Kirkbride,  of 
Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  and  Thomas  Lambert,  of  Burlington  Co.,  W.  N.  J.,  parts 
of  two  tracts,  one  called  Quohokin  containing  4500  acres  and  the  other 
being  10,000  acres  in  Salem  Co.,  bordering  on  Morris  Eiver  and  Dela- 
ware Bay. 

Through  his  large  landed  interest  he  became  a  member 
of  the  "  Council  of  Proprietors  of  Western  Division  of  New 

i  N.  J.  Deeds,  Liber  B,  fol  630. 

3  N.  J.  Deeds,  Liber  E,fol.  741 ;  AAA,  fol.  132,  133,  134,  139,  140, 
141,  142,  220,  252;  BB,  fol.  275,  309,  310. 

3  Ibid.,  AAA,  fol.  89,  148,  149,  151,  153,  154. 

4  Ibid.,  AAA,  fol.  115,  184,  203. 

Ibid.,  BBB,/o£.  345  and  347;  AAA,  fol.  412  and  413. 


William  Biles.  63 

Jersey,"  and  when  that  body,  14  November,  1706,  received 
in  Council  from  the  Gov.  Lord  Cornbury  a  Prohibition  to 
granting  any  warrants  for  laying  out  lands  &c.,  and  a  Peti- 
tion from  Proprietors  and  Purchasers  of  West  Jersey,  to  Lord 
Cornbury,  was  drawn  up,  asking  for  the  removal  of  the 
prohibition,  we  find  William  Biles l  among  the  signers. 

In  1680  the  first  regular  correspondence  between  the 
Friends  in  America  and  London  Yearly  Meeting  was  begun 
by  an  epistle  from  the  Monthly  Meeting  at  Burlington,2  in 
which  it  was  particularly  urged  that,  in  order  to  prevent  im- 
postors and  designing  persons  from  coming  among  them,  no 
Friends  should  remove  to  them  without  certificates  from  the 
Society  where  they  had  previously  lived.  This  epistle  was 
signed  by  those  present  at  the  meeting,  and  afterwards  by 
William  Biles 3  and  some  others  who  were  not  present. 

The  birth  of  William  Biles's  daughter  Rebeckah  in  1680 
is  entered  in  the  Records  of  Burlington  Monthly  Meeting, 
and  he  was  doubtless  then  a  member  of  that  meeting,  on 
whichever  side  of  the  Delaware  River  he  then  resided. 
For  although  in  Bucks  County  "  the  Quakers  had  a  regular 
and  established  meeting,  for  religious  worship,  before  the 
country  bore  the  name  of  Pennsylvania," 4  which  meeting  was 
held  at  the  houses  of  William  Yardley,  William  Biles,5  and 
others,  yet  there  was  no  monthly  meeting  until  1683,  when 
the  .  first  one  was  set  up  at  the  house  of  William  Biles,  and 
continued  to  be  held  at  houses  of  Friends  till  1690,  when  the 
first  Falls  Meeting-House  was  built  near  Fallsington,  which 
was  the  first  building  for  worship  erected  in  the  county.6 

It  was  probably  on  'the  door  of  William  Biles's  house  that 
Phineas  Pemberton,  in  1683,  placed  a  notice  of  the  estab- 

1  N.  J.  Archives,  1st  ser.,  vol.  iii.  p.  165. 

2  Proud's  Hist.  Penna.,  vol.  i.  p.  159. 

3  Smith's   Hist.  Penna.  in   Hazard's  Register,  vol.  vi.  p.   182 ;   The 
Friend,  vol.  xviii.  p.  407. 

4  Proud's  Hist.  Penna.,  vol.  i.  p.  217  n. 

6  Smith's  Hist.  Penna.  in  Hazard's  Register,  vol.  vii.  p.  116 ;  Friends' 
Miscellany,  vol.  vii.  p.  29. 

6  Buck's  Bucks  Co.,  Penna.,  p.  81. 


64  .     William  Biles. 

lishment  of  the  weekly  post  in  response  to  the  request  01  the 
Governor,1  "  carefully  to  publish"  this  information  "  on  the 
meeting  house  door,  and  other  public  places." 

In  1679  Jasper  Dankers  made  a  copy  of  a  map  of  the  Dela- 
ware Eiver  from  Burlington  to  Trenton,  which  has  been 
supposed  to  have  been  made  by  some  English  surveyors.  On 
this  map 2  "William  Biles  is  shown  to  have  309  acres  on  the 
west  side  of  the  Delaware  Eiver,  and  the  road  from  Burling- 
ton to  "  ye  ffalls"  passed  through  it.  Holme's  Map  of  Bucks 
Co.,  Pa.,  begun  in  1681,  shows  that  he  owned  two  tracts  of 
land  fronting  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  that  William  and 
Charles  Biles  owned  together  another  tract  some  little  dis- 
tance back  from  the  river.3 

Davis,  in  his  History  of  Bucks  County,  says 4  that  "  in  the 
summer  and  fall  of  1679  and  spring  of  1680  several  English 
settlers  took  up  land  on  the  river  bank  just  below  the  falls. 
.  .  .  William  Biles,  three  hundred  and  nine  acres.  ...  He 
was  a  man  of  talent  and  influence  and  a  leader;"  and  in 
another  place  he  says,5  "  Of  the  original  settlers  in  Falls, 
several  of  them  were  there  before  the  country  came  into 
Penn's  possession.  They  purchased  the  land  of  Sir  Ed- 
mund Andros,  who  represented  the  Duke  of  York,  and 
were  settled  along  the  Delaware  from  the  falls  down; 
among  whom  were  William  Biles  [and  others] ,  whose  lands 
bordered  on  the  river.  These  grants  were  made  in  1678  or 
1679,  that  of  Biles  embraced  327  acres,  for  which  Penn's 

1  Friends'  Miscellany,  vol.  vii.  pp.  28  and  29. 

2  Burlington  and  Mercer  Cos.,  p.  56. 

3  This  last-mentioned  tract  contained  472  acres,  and  was  granted  by 
warrant  dated  2nd  mo.  13,  1683,  laid  out  by  Surveyor  4th  mo.  13,  1683, 
and  confirmed  by  Letters  Patent  from  William  Penn  dated  5th  mo.  29, 
1684.     William  and  Charles  Biles  divided  this  tract  8th  mo.  14,  1686 
(Bucks  Co.  Deeds,  Liber  1,  fol  102  and  105),  and  Charles  sold  his  equal 
half,  containing  236  acres,  to  Abel  Janney  7th  mo.  12,  1694,  and  Wil- 
liam sold  his  moiety  of  236  acres  to  John  Cuff  or  Luff  8th  mo.  18,  1686. 

4  P.  35. 

5  Pp.  103  and  104  ;  see  also  Buck's  Bucks  Co.,  Penna.,  p.  80  ;  Hazard's 
Annals  of  Penna.,  p.  468. 


William  Biles.  65 

warrant  is  dated  9th,  8th  month,  1684,  surveyed  23d,  same 
month,  and  patented  31st,  llth  month." 

These  two  accounts  probably  refer  to  the  same  tract,  as  the  below 
mentioned  deeds  (which  I  am  informed  by  Mr.  W.  S.  Ely,  who  made 
the  examination  for  me,  are  all  under  which  William  Biles  obtained  pos- 
session, so  far  as  the  records  show)  do  not  convey  two  tracts  of  this  size 
and  description.  There  are  two  patents  recorded  from  Penn  to  William 
Biles,  one1  dated  1st  mo.  31,  1684,  for  306  acres,  for  which  warrant  had 
been  issued  by  Sir  Edmund  Andros  in  1679  and  from  Penn  3rd  mo.  9, 
1684  ;  the  other8  for  173  acres,  dated  5th  mo.  31,  1684,  containing  the 
same  recital.  This  last  tract  of  173  acres  William  conveyed  2nd  mo.  14, 
1693,  to  Samuel  Beakes,8  and  the  former  he  deeded  4th  mo.  14, 1698,  to 
his  son  William  Biles,  Jr.,  cooper,  as  the  "Farm  and  Tract  in  Falls 
Township  whereon  I  live,  containing  309  acres." 

3rd  mo.  16,  1701,  William  Biles  conveyed  to  William  White*  100 
acres  which  had  been  patented  to  Philip  Conway  5th  mo.  15,  1684,  and 
by  him  conveyed,  by  endorsement  thereon,  to  Thomas  Biles,  brother  of 
William,  ' '  and  said  William  purchasing  same  had  it  confirmed  by 
patent  from  Penn  dated  March  llth,  1692,"  but  no  such  patent  appears 
of  record  in  Bucks  County.  Ann  Milcombe  conveyed  8th  mo.  6,  1685, 
to  William  Biles  200  acres  patented  to  her  in  1684,  which  he,  5th  mo.  5, 
1688,  deeded  to  Joseph  English ;  and  said  English,  10th  mo.  10,  1688, 
conveyed  to  Biles  102  acres  patented  to  English  in  1687. 6  Henry  Baker, 
7th  mo.  1, 1698,  conveyed  to  Biles  two  tracts  of  100  acres  and  190  acres,8 
which  William  conveyed  to  his  son  John  3rd  mo,  24,  1707,  as  300  acres. 
In  1705  there  appears  also  to  have  been  issued  a  patent  to  William 
Biles 7  for  472  acres  in  two  tracts,  one  of  343  acres  for  300  made  up  of 
Rowland's  and  Bennett's  entries,  and  the  other  129  acres  for  100  of  Har- 
rison's ;  and  these  two  tracts  correspond  in  size  to  those  shown  on  Cut- 
ler's map  of  1703,  as  then  belonging  to  William  Biles,  situated  very 
near  the  northwestern  corner  of  the  Manor  of  Pennsbury,  on  the  Bris- 
tol Township  line,  and  it  was  probably  to  this  tract,  or  the  Atkinson  one 
mentioned  below,  that  William  Penn  referred  in  his  letter  of  7th  mo.  30, 
1705,  to  Governor  Evans. 

1  Bucks  Co.  Deeds,  Liber  11,  fol.  467. 
1  Ibid.,  Liber  2,  fol.  60. 
8  Ibid.,  Liber  2,  fol.  61 ;  Liber  5,  fol.  208. 
*Ibid.,  Liber  3,  fol.  38. 

5  Ibid.,  Liber  1,  fol.  9,  182,  196. 

6  Ibid.,  Liber  -2,  fol.  205;  Liber  5,  fol.  133  ;  Pa.  Arch.,  2d  ser.,  vol. 
xix.  p.  423. 

7  Ibid.,  p.  473. 

VOL.  XXVI. — 5 


66  %     William  Mies. 

A  tract  of  800  acres  which  Thomas  Atkinson  took  up  but  did  not  pay 
for  was,  after  the  marriage  of  William  Biles  to  his  widow,  released  by 
her  three  sons  Isaac,  William,  and  Samuel,  as  they  severally  became  of 
age,  to  George  Biles  for  a  consideration,1  and  from  him  it  passed  through 
Solomon  Warder  to  William  Biles,  Sr.,  and  from  him  in  1707  to  William 
Paxson. 

Davis  tells  us  that3  "  Biles' s  island,  in  the  Delaware,  a  mile  below  the 
falls,  and  containing  300  acres,  was  sold  to  William  Biles  about  1680  by 
Orecton,  Nannacus,  Nenemblahocking,  and  Patelana,  free  native  In- 
dians, in  consideration  of  £10,  but  was  not  actually  conveyed  by  deed. 
The  19th  of  March,  1729,  Lappewins  and  Captain  Cumbansh,  two  In- 
dian 'Sackemen,'  and  heirs  and  successors  of  the  Indians  above  named, 
confirmed  the  said  island  to  William  Biles,  Jr.,3  son  of  William  Biles, 
the  elder,  now  deceased,  in  consideration  of  seven  pounds  in  Indian 
goods.  The  deed  contained  a  warranty  against  the  grantors,  their  heirs, 
and  all  other  Indians." 

Davis  furthermore  states  that 4  ' '  Biles  became  a  large  land  owner.  He 
sold  5000  acres  in  this  county  near  Neshaminy  to  William  Lawrence 
[and  others],  but  the  purchasers  could  find  only  2000  acres.  In  1718 
James  Logan  issued  an  order  to  survey  3000  additional  acres,  not  already 
settled  or  surveyed."  The  Land  Records  show  that  William  Biles,  as 
attorney  in  fact  for  Thomas  Hudson,  conveyed  several  thousand  acres 
in  Bucks  County  to  various  individuals  ;  and  that  these  5000  did  not 
belong  to  him  individually  is  shown  by  the  Minutes  of  the  Board  of 
Property  of  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania,5  which  state  that  William 
Lawrence  and  others  ' '  purchased  of  William  Biles  late  of  sd.  County 
5000  acres  of  Land  in  the  sd.  County  belonging  to  one  Thomas  Hudson 
whose  Atty  he  then  was,"  etc.,  and  that  "The  whole  5000  acres  was 
formerly  surveyed  and  sold  to  the  above  Persons  of  Long  Island  by  Wil- 
liam Biles,  under  certain  Bounds,  but  the  greater  part  being  under  an 
earlier  survey  to  Dennis  Rochford,  is  taken  by  his  assignees." 

Proud  also  states  that6  William  Biles  was  a  preacher 
among  the  Quakers,  among  the  first  settlers  there,  where 
he  appears  to  have  taken  up  land,  under  Governor  Andros, 
of  New  York,  prior  to  William  Penn's  grant  of  the  Prov- 
ince. He  is  said  to  have  been  a  very  useful  person  both  in 

1  Bucks  Co.  Deeds,  Liber  3,  fol.  86,  167. 

*  Hist.  Bucks  Co.,  p.  117. 

3  Bucks  Co.  Deeds,  Liber  26,  fol.  380. 

*  Hist.  Bucks  Co.,  p.  104. 

5  Pa.  Arch.,  2d  ser.,  vol.  xix.  pp.  682,  693,  697. 

6  Hist.  Petma.,  vol.  i.  p.  237  n. 


William  Biles.  67 

the  civil  and  religious  line,  being  often  in  the  Council  and 
Assembly.1 

In  fact,  he  was  an  office-holder  before  the  Province  passed 
from  under  the  Duke  of  York  to  William  Penn,  for  he 
held  office  under  the  Pro-Provincial  Government.2  It  has 
been  said  that  in  1680  "  the  only  European  settlements 
comprised  within  its  [Pennsylvania's]  limits  were  included 
in  Upland  county,  and  were  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  of 
Upland  Court;"3  and  the  records  of  that  Court  show  that 
October  13,  1680,  land  was  laid  out  by  order  of  this  Court 
"  on  ye  west  syde  of  delowr  Rivr  and  on  ye  South  East  syde 
of  hataorackan  Creeke,"4  which  was  about  Pennsbury 
Manor  in  Bucks  County. 

Though  no  record  of  the  appointment  of  officers  nor  the 
establishment  of  such  a  Court  has  been  found  (the  Minutes 
of  the  Governor  and  Council  of  New  York,  1678-1683, 
not  being  in  existence,  so  far  as  known),  yet  Colonial  docu- 
ments still  preserved  at  Albany  show  clearly  that  there  was 
in  1680  a  Court  at  Crewcorne,  or  Creekehorne,  and  that 
William  Biles  was  a  member  thereof. 

No  mention  of  this  Court  has  been  found  elsewhere  than 
in  published  records  of  the  State  of  New  York,  and  no  his- 
torians of  Pennsylvania  or  of  Bucks  County  allude  to  it. 

In  reply  to  inquiries,  Dr.  William  H.  Egle  writes  me 
that  "  Crookhorne  in  Falls  Township,  Bucks  county,  was 
the  first  seat  of  justice  of  the  county,"  and  General  W.  W.  H. 
Davis  writes,  "  Crewcorne  was  on  the  Penna.  side  of  the 
Delaware  at  Trenton  Falls.  It  had  no  surveyed  bounds, 
but  a  frontier  settlement  and  local  court  was  held  there. 
The  Upland  Court  had  jurisdiction  in  Bucks  to  the  falls. 
The  Court  at  Manhattan  had  jurisdiction  in  Bucks  in  the 

1  Vide  Pa.  Arch.,  2d  ser.,  vol.  ix.  pp.  623,  752-754;  Duke  of  York's 
Laws,  pp.  485,  507,  523,  536,  552,  559,  565,  576,  577. 

a  Pa.  Arch.,  2d  ser.,  vol.  ix.  p.  616. 

9  Smith's  Hist.  Delaware  Co.,  Pa.,  p.  125 ;  Mem.  Pa.  Hist.  Soc.,  vol. 
vii.  p.  81. 

4  Ibid.,  vol.  vii.  pp.  185,  203. 


68  «     William  Biles. 

matter  of  Probate  of  Wills.  My  second  edition  of  History 
of  Bucks  Co.  will  have  new  matter  about  Crewcorne." 

The  "  new  town  of  Crewcorne"  at  the  Falls  must  have 
been  the  first  settlement  of  what  is  now  Morrisville.  "  Gil- 
bert Wheeler  called  his  house  <  Crookhorn,'  a  name  long 
forgotten,"  says  Davis,1  and  John  Wood,  whose  plantation 
included  the  present  site  of  Morrisville,  described  himself 
in  his  will,  1692,  as  "John  Wood  of  Crookhorn  in  the 
County  of  Bucks." 

In  N.  Y.  Colonial  Documents 2  is  a  Petition  of  "  Inhabitants 
of  the  new  town,  near  the  falls  of  the  Delaware,  called 
Crewcorne,  against  the  sale  of  liquor  to  the  Indians,"  dated 
«  April  ye  12th  1680"  and  addressed  "  To  ye  Worthy  Gover- 
nor of  New  Yorke,"  and  stating  that  Gilbert  Wheeler's 
and  Peter  Aldrixman's  houses  and  another  one  had  been 
"  broake  open  by  Indians."  This  petition  was  signed  by 
ten  persons,  and  the  first  name  is  "  Wilh.  Biles."  He  proba- 
bly delivered  it  in  person,  for  we  find,  under  the  heading3 
"  Memorandum  of  papers  delivered  to  Wm.  Biles,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  new  court  at  the  falls  of  the  Delaware,"  the 
following : 

«Wm  Biles  one  of  there  new  made  Cort  there  &  this  day  sworne 
under  the  penalty  of  perjury.  Apr.  21-1680. 

lt  1.  His  Commission. 

"2.  A  Warr*  to  summon  Gilb.  Wheeler  &  P.  Abr.  to  appeare  here 
for  selling  drincks  to  ye  Indyans. 

"  3.  An  abstract  about  ye  Eecords. 

"4.  An  order  to  Dan  :  Willet  to  returne  Power  of  Magistrate. 

"5.  An  order  to  have  a  returne  about  Rolf.  Hoskin,  drowned  by 
Burlington. " 

The  matter  was  later  presented  to  the  Council,  as  appears 
from  the  following  entry : 4 

1  Hist.  Bucks  Co.,  p.  104. 

2  Vol.  xii.  pp.  645,  646. 

8  Ibid.,  p.  646;    Calendar  N.  Y.  Hist.  Mss.,  pt.  ii.  p.  87. 
'  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  vol.  xii.  p.  650. 


William  Biles.  69 

"Sundry  entries  respecting  Upland,  New  Castle  and  Burlington. 

"At  a  Councell  &c  May  21.  1680. 

"Pres*  the  Go  :  &  Councell. 

"A  peticon  from  the  Inhabitants  at  the  Falls  about  abuse  of  drunken 
Indyans  &c. 

"Peter  Alricks  house  at  his  Island  near  ye  Falls  &  Gilbert  Wheeler 
house  broken  open. 

"A  returne  from  the  Commission"  of  Burlington  at  Delaware  of  8 
men  for  magistrates  according  to  order. 

"A  returne  from  the  Const,  of  Creekehorne  at  the  Falls,  of  the 
names  of  4  for  magistrates  according  to  order  likewise,"  etc. 

The  liquor  question  did  not  rest  here,  however,  for  there 
is  preserved  the  "  Complaint  of  sundry  inhabitants  of  Crew- 
corne,  on  the  Delaware,  against  Gilbert  Wheeler  for  selling 
rum  to  the  Indians,"  dated  "  Crewcorne  Sep.  ye  13th  1680,"  * 
addressed  "  To  ye  Honorable  Governor  of  1ST.  Yorke,"  in 
which,  after  detailing  the  great  fear  and  damage  they  are 
subjected  to,  they  request  that  selling  the  Indians  "  strong 
Liquors  may  be  wholely  suppressed  amongst  us  by  virtue 
of  a  Warrant  from  yor  Honor  to  make  distress  upon  proof 
given  to  ye  Elected  Commissioner  for  ye  time  to  Come  for 
breach  of  that  Abreviate  of  ye  Law  which  Will.  Biles 
brought  us ;  woh  when  we  made  our  Complaint  to  him  he 
told  us  his  order  ws  nothing  worth,  wch  we  accounted  ws 
sufficient  but  by  his  words  we  perseave  that  he  intends  to 
sell  Rum  himself;  so  hopeing  yor  Honor  in  charity  will  help 
us  we  remain,"  etc. 

The  Minutes  of  Falls  Monthly  Meeting  hereafter  referred 
to  show  the  accuracy  of  the  surmise  of  his  neighbors  as  to 
William  Biles's  intention  to  sell  rum  to  the  Indians,  and 
the  records  of  Upland  Court  show  that  Gilbert  Wheeler's 
actions  were  not  permitted  to  go  unpunished. 

The  last  actual  session  of  the  Upland  Court  under  the 
Duke  of  York  was  held  at  Kingsesse  14th  June,  1681,  and 
William  Biles  was  present  and  appeared  in  various  roles.2 

1  N.  Y.  Col  Doc.,  pp.  658,  659. 

3  Mem.  Pa.  Hist.  Soc.,  vol.  vii.  pp.  189,  190,  194;  Davis' s  Hist. 
Bucks  Co.,  p.  40 ;  Hist.  Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  pp.  18,  363;  PA.  MAG.  HIST. 
AND  BIOG.,  vol.  iii.  p.  263. 


70  William  Biles. 

• 

He  informed  the  Court  that  Robert  Michill,  next  heir  of 
Robert  Hoskins,  deceased,  was  living  in  England,  and  desired 
him  to  take  care  of  the  estate  of  the  deceased  in  this 
country.  He  was  one  of  the  jurors  in  the  case  of  Lasse  Dai- 
boo  against  Swen  Lorn.  As  "  Constable  att  ye  faals"  he 
gave  information  against  "  Gilbert  wheeler  att  ye  sd  faals, 
for  selling  of  strong  Licquors  by  retayle  to  ye  Indians  Con- 
trary to  ye  Lawe  &  ye  forwarning  of  ye  sd  Constable,"  and 
"Wheeler  was  fined  four  pounds  and  costs.  The  last  act  of 
the  judges,  before  adjourning  "  till  ye  2d  Teusday  [13th] 
of  ye  month  of  Septembr  next,"  was  to  appoint  "  William 
Boyles  to  bee  survr  &  overseer  of  ye  highwayes  from  the 
faales  to  Poetquessink  Creek;  hee  to  take  care  that  ye  sd 
highwayes  be  made  good  &  passable,  wth  bridges  over  all 
myry  &  dirty  places." 

Before  the  time  adjourned  to  had  arrived,  notice  was 
received 1  from  "  Commander  and  Councill,"  dated  New 
York,  21st  June,  1681,  that  William  Penn  had  obtained 
Letters  Patents  to  the  Province,  and  the  Duke  of  York's 
authority  had  ceased ;  "  the  old  Court  closed  its  session 
the  13th  of  September  and  the  new  Court  opened  the  next 
day  [?] .  Among  the  business  transacted  was  the  appoint- 
ment of  William  Biles  and  Robert  Lucas,  who  lived  at  the 
falls,  justices  of  the  peace,2  and  pounds,  shillings  and  pence 
were  declared  to  be  the  currency  of  the  country."  The 
first  entry  in  the  Records  of  Chester  County  Court  shows 
that  it  was  held  at  Upland  September  13,  1681,  and  that 
Mr.  William  Byles  was  one  of  the  justices  present.3 

1  Mem.  Pa.  Hist.  Soc.,  vol.  vii.  pp.  195,  196. 

2  Davis's  Hist.  Bucks  Co.,  p.  55;  Pa.  Arch.,  2d  ser.,  vol.  ix.  p.  617. 

3  Hist.  Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  p.  18  ;  Hazard's  Annals  of  Penna.,  p.  525. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.      71 


LIFE  OF  MAEGAEET  SHIPPEN,  WIFE  OF  BENEDICT 

AENOLD. 

BY   LEWIS    BURD   WALKER. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  XXV.  page  497.) 

[To  Mrs.  Arnold,  No.  1  Mortimer  Street,  Cavendish  Square,  London.'] 

PHILADA  3  March  1793 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY 

Your  favor  of  the  5th  December  was  very  acceptable,  but  am 
very  sorry  my  drafts  arrived  at  such  a  period  as  obliged  you  to 
sell  Stocks  at  so  low  a  rate,  but  as  that  cannot  now  be  helped  we 
must  not  repine.  The  Money  for  which  I  sold  the  Bill  was  im- 
mediately put  into  a  State  of  Activity.  £585  Currency  was  in- 
vested in  3  shares  in  the  Bank  of  North  America  £1220.9.0  in 
Bonds  and  Mortgages  in  New  Jersey  at  7  p  cent  Interest  &  the 
Eemainder  has  been  employed  in  discounting  Notes  at  6  p  cent 
payable  in  a  few  months,  that  I  may  have  the  Money  under  my 
Command  to  apply  to  such  purposes  as  may  appear  most  benefi- 
cial to  you.  The  Bank  Shares  were  purchased  at  30  p  cent  ad- 
vance, so  that  your  real  Capital  there  is  only  £450,  on  which  I  re- 
ceived a  Dividend  the  10th  of  January  of  7£  p  ct  for  half  a  year — 
this  however  was  an  accidental  large  Dividend  which  is  not  to  be 
expected  again  being  the  product  of  receipts  on  account  of  large 
prior  Debts  due  to  the  Bank. 

The  state  of  this  Bank  has  been  altered  within  this  month 
owing  to  a  project  in  our  Legislature  to  establish  another  Bank 
by  the  Name  of  Pennsylvania  Bank,  of  which  Government  is  to 
hold  a  considerable  Share ;  this  has  lowered  the  price  of  Shares 
in  the  other  Bank  &  will  certainly  lessen  its  profits  in  Case  the 
project  takes  effect,  which  however  is  not  yet  perfected,  as  the 
Bill  has  had  but  one  reading  in  the  lower  House  &  may  possibly 
fall  through,  as  it  meets  with  much  Opposition.  I  shall  watch 
Events,  in  order  to  make  the  most  of  your  Money,  either  by 
purchasing  more  Shares  in  the  old  Bank  at  the  reduced  prices ; 


$ 

72      Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

or  if  the  new  one  succeeds  by  purchasing  some  Shares  in  that, 
or  by  taking  Advantage  of  other  Occurrences  as  they  arise. 

I  am  more  disinclined  than  ever  to  embark  any  of  your 
Money  in  trade,  as  daily  proofs  of  its  precariousness  appear. 
Mr  Lea  has  lately  met  with  an  important  Disappointment,  which 
however  has  neither  affected  his  Capital  or  his  Credit.  A  House 
in  Dublin  sent  him  orders  last  Summer  to  purchase  and  ship  a 
quantity  of  Philadelphia  Eum  &  to  draw  Bills  on  London  for 
his  Eeimbursement.  The  quantity  being  great  he  could  not  im- 
mediately make  the  purchases,  he  however  compleated  the  order 
in  a  reasonable  time,  and  one  of  his  own  Vessels  arriving,  he 
shipt  the  whole  in  her  for  Dublin.  When  the  Eum  arrived 
there,  the  Demand  for  that  Article  had  lessened  &  the  price  fallen 
very  considerably;  this  induced  the  House  who  gave  the  order 
to  refuse  to  receive  the  Cargo,  upon  the  pretence  that  the  orders 
were  not  soon  enough  executed  &  that  Mr  Lea  had  delayed 
shipping  it  till  the  Arrival  of  his  own  Vessel  in  order  to  give 
her  the  benefit  of  the  freight. — the  Consequence  was  that  the 
Vessel  was  obliged  to  bring  the  Eum  back  again  to  Philadelphia, 
so  that  she  lost  her  whole  freight  both  going  and  returning.  In 
addition  to  this  they  stopped  the  Payment  of  Mr  Lea's  Bills  in 
London,  which  would  have  subjected  him  to  the  payment  of  20 
p  cent  damages  on  about  £6000  Sterling,  if  he  had  not  had  friends 
there  to  take  up  the  Bills  for  his  honour.  This  being  an  object  of 
magnitude  he  found  it  necessary  last  fall  to  embark  for  Dublin 
in  order  to  get  Compensation  either  by  Arbitration  or  a  Law 
Suit,  he  is  now  there  but  expects  to  return  in  the  Spring. 

Sally  bears  her  "Widowhood  tolerably  well,  &  living  so  near 
our  House,  she  spends  most  of  her  time  with  us. 

The  Situation  of  the  french  Affairs  &  the  possible  Effect  they 
may  have  on  the  political  State  of  England  has  filled  us  with 
much  Anxiety  on  your  Account.  We  are  however  in  some 
measure  comforted  with  the  Intelligence  that  most  of  the  better 
kind  of  people  are  likely  to  unite  for  the  Support  of  the  Gov- 
ernment and  Constitution  of  the  Kingdom.  We  in  this  Country, 
having  a  Eepublican  cast,  are  apt  to  suppose  there  are  many 
abuses  in  England,  which  call  for  a  Eeformation ;  altho'  this 
may  be  true,  yet  surely  it  is  wiser  to  submit  to  these  abuses  for 
a  time,  than  to  risque  a  total  Overthrow  of  the  Edifice,  by  too 
sudden  an  Attempt  to  repair  the  rotten  parts  of  it.  If  a  War 
should  really  take  place,  it  will  smother  the  flame — and  probably 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.      73 

be  attended  with  another  Consequence  of  a  more  private  nature ; 
that  of  providing  for  a  certain  friend  of  yours,  in  his  own  way. 
We  are  all  well,  thank  God — &  wish  every  happiness  to  you 
and  yours.  I  am  &c 

EDWARD  SHIPPEN. 

P.  S.     Your  Mama  always  wishes  me  to  be  particular  in  re- 
membering her  best  love. 


PHILADA  8  Aug«  1793 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY 

Your  favor  of  the  5th  of  June  came  to  hand  by  the  packet, 
which  by  the  by,  I  take  to  be  the  most  certain  Conveyance, 
your  Sisters  having  complained  of  the  miscarriage  of  many  late 
Letters  sent  to  you  in  other  "Ways.  I  have  observed  with  pleas- 
ure your  prospect  of  Advantage  from  the  plan  for  transferring  & 
paying  the  dividends  of  American  Stock  by  the  London  &  Mid- 
dlesex Bank.  It  seems  to  afford  a  reasonable  prospect  of  Suc- 
cess, but  must  in  its  nature  be  principally  confined  to  the  In- 
habitants of  Great  Britain  ;  as  where  people  disposed  to  purchase 
American  Stock  will  be  encouraged  by  the  Confidence  naturally 
to  be  placed  in  so  respectable  a  Bank  &  the  facility  with  which 
the  business  will  be  transacted.  As  to  the  other  part  of  the 
plan  respecting  the  Sale  of  Stock  remitted  by  the  Americans, 
the  Success  is  more  problematical.  At  present  Stock  is  seldom 
sent  to  England  for  sale  but  by  way  of  Eemittance  for  the  pay- 
ment of  Debts,  in  which  cases  they  are  usually  sent  to  the  Mer- 
chants to  whom  money  is  due  from  the  Remitters,  and  who 
have  hitherto  charged  only  one  per  cent  for  selling.  It  is  how- 
ever suggested  in  the  printed  plan  that  the  extraordinary  advan- 
tage of  a  Sale  at  a  general  &  respectable  Office,  which  may 
probably  concenter  the  greatest  part  of  the  Stock  will  more  than 
ballance  the  additional  Commission ;  it  is  not  improbable  that 
this  may  prove  to  be  the  Case,  if  it  should  really  become  a  gen- 
eral Office  resorted  to  by  buyers  and  sellers ; — in  which  case  the 
Merchants  in  London  to  whom  Stock  is  sent  from  America  for 
sale,  will  find  it  for  the  advantage  of  their  Constituents  rather 
to  place  it  there  for  sale,  than  to  sell  it  themselves.  The  greatest 
objection  to  the  general  plan  seems  to  me  to  be  the  difficulty  & 
Expense  of  procuring  the  Receipt  of  the  Dividends  here  &  the 


74      Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

.9 

Eemittance  to  England — it  cannot  be  expected  that  this  can  be 
done  by  private  people  without  a  Commission,  which  with  the 
fluctuating  price  &  occasional  risque  of  Bills  of  Exchange  are 
discouraging  Circumstances.  If  indeed  (as  you  suggest)  the 
Bank  of  the  United  States  will  pay  the  dividends  in  England 
free  from  Expence  and  that  payment  can  be  procured  to  be 
made  to  the  London  &  Middlesex  Bank,  it  will  answer  the  Ob- 
jection. But  it  must  be  understood  that  Mr.  Willing  as  Presi- 
dent of  the  Bank  of  the  United  States,  altho'  he  may  make  this 
Engagement  with  the  Consent  of  the  Directors  of  the  bank,  as 
to  Sank  Stock,  may  not  be  able  to  do  the  like  with  regard  to  the 
6  per  cent  &  the  3  per  Gent  Stock  of  the  United  States,  which  he 
has  nothing  to  do  with,  except  that  those  dividends  are  likewise 
payable  at  the  Bank  by  Act  of  Congress.  It  is  however  possi- 
ble for  aught  I  know,  that  the  Instructions  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  may  also  justify  him  in  this.  As  the  thing  is  new 
yet  &  I  do  not  mix  a  great  deal  with  the  world,  I  am  not  able 
to  give  you  the  Sentiments  of  the  people  here  upon  the  Subject, 
but  it  strikes  me  it  must  be  considered  in  a  favorable  light  as 
tending  to  enlarge  the  Market  for  our  Stock  &  to  interest  men 
of  property  in  your  country  in  the  success  &  prosperity  of  this. 

I  am  not  acquainted  with  Mr  Isaac  Bremson  the  Agent  for 
the  Trustees  at  New  York,  but  Col.  Wadsworth  of  Connecticut 
is  of  my  Acquaintance  &  unquestionably  a  man  of  fortune  & 
Character — he  is  a  Member  of  Congress  &  usually  resides  in  this 
City  in  the  Winter,  but  during  the  Eecess  of  Congress  is  always 
at  home. 

I  have  directed  the  Publishing  in  our  Newspaper  the  printed 
Plan  you  inclosed  to  me,  having  first  made  the  Alteration  from 
Six  to  Sixty  days. 

We  are  much  grieved,  my  dear  Child,  to  hear  of  your  Indis- 
position, but  you  may  rest  assured  it  by  no  means  resembles 
your  Mamma's  Complaint  nor  can  it  be  hereditary.  She  was 
first  attacked  with  the  Eheumatism  after  a  severe  fit  of  the  fever 
&  ague  to  which  she  attributes  the  Origin  of  her  disorder,  the 
swelling  of  her  Ancles  &c,  was  only  the  Effect  of  Pain,  &  not  at 
all  of  the  nature  you  describe  yours  to  be.  As  you  have  the  best 
medical  assistance,  and  have  by  nature  a  good  Constitution,!  have 
great  hopes  of  a  speedy  Recovery.  The  best  Succedaneum  for 
Exercise  &  in  general  the  best  Cure  for  all  chronic  Complaints  is 
a  rigid  Abstinence  in  your  Diet.  Every  Person's  own  Observa- 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.      75 

tion  will  instruct  them  what  kind  of  food  sits  easiest  upon  them, 
it  is  not  enough  to  confine  yourself  to  one  dish  at  a  meal  but 
this  must  be  of  the  lightest  &  simplest  kind  &  very  little  in 
Quantity.  I  am  under  the  necessity  of  practising  this  lesson  for 
an  obstinate  headache  which  I  have  laboured  under  for  nearly 
two  years  past.  After  trying  all  that  Physicians  could  prescribe 
I  am  compelled  to  be  my  own  Doctor.  I  live  chiefly  on  milk  & 
Vegetable  diet  &  if  I  now  &  then  take  animal  food  it  must  be 
of  the  softest  &  tenderest  kind  not  so  much  at  a  time  as  would 
fill  a  common  Spoon ; — by  this  means  &  this  only  I  am  able  to 
enjoy  any  tolerable  health.  If  I  were  to  transgress  any  of  my 
own  rules  I  am  sure  to  pay  for  it — but  with  this  rigid  Absti- 
nence I  do  tolerably  well,  altho'  a  little  reduced  in  flesh  for  want 
of  taking  the  quantity  of  food  I  have  been  used  to.  Your 
Mama  has  had  a  longer  fit  of  her  Disorder  this  year  than  usual.  It 
did  not  attack  her  till  March,  but  continued  three  or  four  months, 
&  even  now  she  can  only  hobble  about  the  house  with  the  As- 
sistance of  one  Crutch.  It  is  indeed  time  for  us  both  to  look  to 
our  Journey's  End.  Your  Sisters  and  their  Families  are  all  well. 
I  shall  remit  you  this  Fall  the  Interest  Money  arising  from  your 
Deposit  in  my  hands. 

I  am  &c 

EDWARD  SHIPPEN. 


PHIL  AD  A  24  Dec  1793 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY 

I  wrote  you  on  the  8th  of  November  being  then  in  a  place  of 
retirement  to  avoid  the  Contagious  Fever,  which  then  raged  in 
this  City  &  carried  oif  above  4000  people  among  whom,  our 
friend  Mr  Lea  was  one.  We  are  again  settled  in  town  &  the 
disease  seems  entirely  to  have  left  us.  Your  Sister  has  recovered 
her  spirits  tolerably  well  &  remains  with  us  during  the  Winter. 

I  have  been  endeavouring  to  procure  a  Bill  of  Exchange  to 
enable  me  to  remit  the  Interest  &  Dividends  of  your  Money. 
Bills  are  at  this  time  very  scarce  &  high.  I  have  however  at 
length  got  one  for  £143.8.9  Sterling  at  170  Exchange  which  I 
enclose  payable  to  Messrs  Dorset  &  Co  your  Bankers  or  their 
order,  preferring  for  prudential  reasons  the  use  of  their  name  to 
yours.  I  shall  forward  you  another  of  the  Bills  by  the  next 
Packet,  and  shall  at  the  same  time  send  you  a  Statement  of  your 
Account.  I  have  a  few  days  ago  purchased  for  you  3  shares  in 


76      Life  of  Margaret^  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

our  new  Bank  called  the  Bank  of  Pennsylvania  at  7  p  cent  ad- 
vance. This  Bank  is  under  the  Patronage  of  our  State  Govern- 
ment &  promises  to  be  a  safe  &  profitable  place  to  invest  some 
of  your  money.  Altho'  I  gave  30  p  cent  advance  for  your  3 
shares  in  the  Bank  of  North  America,  yet  it  turns  out  advanta- 
geously for  you,  as  a  dividend  was  made  in  January  last  of  7J 
p  C  for  half  a  year  &  another  Dividend  in  July  of  6  p  Ct  which  is 
13£  p  Ct  for  the  first  year.  In  this  Bank  of  North  America  no 
shares  are  now  to  be  purchased.  I  have  had  thoughts  of  getting 
for  you  a  few  shares  in  the  Bank  of  the  United  States,  but  the 
vague  reports  of  the  danger  of  our  being  somehow  or  other  en- 
gaged in  the  War  has  hitherto  deterred  me ;  that  Bank  would  cer- 

O       O 

tainly  be  more  affected  by  National  Measures  than  either  of  the 
others.  If  however  I  see  the  prospect  of  our  remaining  at  Peace 
confirmed,  I  may  yet  invest  some  of  your  Money  there.  The  Ease 
&  Certainty  of  receiving  a  handsome  Interest  from  Bank  Stock 
disposes  me  to  prefer  that  kind  of  property  to  any  other  pro- 
vided Safety  is  not  sacrificed.  I  send  this  letter  by  way  of 
Dublin,  not  having  been  able  to  get  a  Bill  to  go  by  the  late  Lon- 
don Yessels  at  less  than  175  p  ct.  Exchange. 

We  are  all  tolerably  well  and  wish  you  &  yours  every  felicity. 
I  am  most  affectionately  Yours. 

EDWARD  SHIPPEN. 


PHILADA  29  June  1794 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY, 

I  received  your  agreeable  favor  of  the  5th  of  March,  but  none 
which  it  refers  to — certainly  too  many  of  the  Letters  between 
us  miscarry — for  which  reason  I  would  not  wish  you  to  explain 
any  thing  which  partakes  of  a  public  Nature.  My  dear  Child 
I  have  been  almost  broken  hearted  for  some  time  past  on  ac- 
count of  the  loss  of  your  dear  Mamma ;  the  stroke  took  me  un- 
prepared. I  left  her  as  well,  or  rather  better  than  she  had  been 
for  some  months  to  go  a  long  Circuit.  On  my  return  I  found 
her  dead. — Conceive  my  distress — I  will  not  endeavour  to  paint 
it — I  have  lost  the  Staff  of  my  Age  &  care  not  how  soon  I  follow 
her.  I  have  indeed  affectionate  Children  who  do  their  utmost 
to  console  me.— Sally  &  her  Children  live  with  me,  &  will  con- 
tinue to  do  so.  She  is  chearful  &  blessed  with  a  natural  Dispo- 
sition to  withstand  affliction.  I  know  my  dear  Child  how  the 
first  Account  you  received  of  your  Mother's  death  must  have 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.      77 

afflicted  you.  Your  Sensibility  is  great  &  your  Affection  for 
her  was  strong.  God  assist  us  all  to  bear  the  evils  he  thinks  fit 
to  exercise  us  with.  I  am  my  dear  Child 

most  affectionately  yours 

EDWARD  SHIPPEN. 

P.  S.  I  wish  much  to  hear  whether  the  Bill  I  sent  you  is 
paid — if  however  it  should  be  protested  there  can  be  no  loss  but 
delay. 

PHILAD  9th  August  1794 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY 

I  received  your  favor  of  the  6th  of  May  inclosing  a  protested 
Bill  of  Exchange  drawn  by  John  Nicholson  for  £143.8.9  Sterling, 
in  lieu  of  which  I  have  got  from  him  &  now  inclose  you  two 
other  Bills  drawn  by  James  Green  leaf  &  indorsed  by  Nicholson 
&  by  Eobt  Morris  for  £100  Sterling  each  amounting  to  £200. 
which  I  hope  will  be  paid.  The  difference  I  paid  him  in  cash 
being  £27.10.6.  Sterling  which  at  180  p  Ct  Ex  amounted  to 
£49.10.11  Currency  the  protested  bill  being  thus  settled. 

143.  8.  9  the  Bill  protested 
7.  0  Cost  of  protest 

28  13  9  Damages  20  p  ct. 
172  9~6 

27    10    6  Balance  paid  to  Nicholson 


£200      0    0  Sterling  in  the  two  Bills 

now  sent  you.  Altho  Nicholson's  Bill  which  I  sent  you  was 
protested  for  non-payment,  yet  another  Bill  drawn  &  indorsed  by 
the  same  persons  for  the  large  sum  of  £5000  Sterling  &  remitted 
at  the  same  time  by  your  sister  Sally  to  Mr  Gorman  met  with  a 
better  fate :  the  contents  having  been  paid  to  Mr  Gorman  after 
an  actual  protest. 

The  last  letter  I  wrote  you  was  dated  the  29th  of  June  in  which 
I  was  under  the  painful  necessity  of  informing  you  of  the  death 
of  your  dear  Mother,  an  Event  which  nothing  could  possibly 
have  reconciled  to  me  but  the  knowledge  that  her  disorder  was 
so  painful,  &  so  frequently  repeated  that  death  could  scarcely  be 
considered  an  Evil,  &  that  a  Life  of  Virtue  must  have  secured 
her  a  blessed  Existence  in  a  better  World. 

The  Family  are  all  well  &  join  with  me  in  best  Love  to  you 
and  yours  Yours  affectionately. 

EDWARD  SHIPPEN. 


, 
78      Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

[  To  Mrs.  Arnold,  Queen  Ann  Street,  East,  London^] 

PHIL  ADA  17  Sept  1794 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY 

We  were  made  very  happy  in  hearing  of  your  welfare  after  a 
certain  Event.  I  sincerely  hope  the  little  one  may  contribute  to 
your  happiness. 

I  sent  you  on  the  9th  of  last  month  Per  Capt  Thompson  via 
Liverpool  two  Bills  of  Exchange  for  £100  Sterling  each,  being 
the  amount  of  Nicholson's  protested  Bill  &  Damages  together 
with  the  Sum  of  £27.10.6  Sterling  added,  to  make  up  the  total 
of  £200  Sterling.  I  now  inclose  second  Bills  of  the  same  Setts. 

As  the  fall  advances,  the  Shipments  from  hence  will  increase, 
which  may  possibly  bring  down  the  Exchange,  which  is  at  pres- 
ent &  has  been  for  many  months  extravagantly  high — at  any 
rate  I  shall  forward  to  you  a  years  Interest  on  your  Bonds  & 
Mortgages  and  Bank  Dividends. 

I  am  much  pleased  to  hear  Mr  Jay  has  had  a  favorable  Recep- 
tion at  your  Court  &  that  there  is  a  probability  of  Peace  being 
continued  between  the  two  Countries.  The  Situation  of  Ensr- 

O 

land  must  be  very  critical,  as  the  french  appear  to  carry  all 
before  them  in  Flanders.  On  every  Account  &  particularly  on 
Yours  I  wish  to  see  a  general  Peace  succeed  to  these  dreadful 
tumults  which  infest  the  World.  We  are  not  exempt  from  them 
even  here — there  is  at  present  a  Call  for  15000  of  the  Militia  to 
go  to  our  Western  Frontiers  to  quell  an  Insurrection  of  our  own 
People  on  Account  of  the  Excise  on  Whiskey. 

Every  body  you  love  here,  are  well.  My  Dear  Peggy  I  sin- 
cerely wish  you  every  blessing  which  this  World  &  the  next  can 
bestow.  Affectionately  yours, 

EDWARD  SHIPPEN. 

PHIL  ADA  17th  Decent  1794 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY 

Although  it  is  long  since  I  had  the  pleasure  of  hearing  from 
you,  yet  I  natter  myself  that  all  is  well  with  you  &  yours.  I 
wait  with  some  degree  of  Impatience  to  hear  of  the  fate  of  the 
two  Bills  of  Exchange  of  £100  Sterling  each  which  I  forwarded 
you  by  two  different  Vessels  in  August  &  September  last  by  Way 
of  Liverpool.  I  should  have  no  doubt  of  their  being  paid,  but 
on  Accot  of  their  being  drawn  on  Amsterdam  payable  in  London. 
Since  which  we  have  heard  of  such  Disturbances  in  Holland  that 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.      79 

it  is  possible  some  Obstructions  to  their  being  paid  may  arise  on 
that  Accot.  The  Drawer  &  Indorsers  are  however  very  able  to 
make  Amends.  In  truth  there  has  been  all  the  last  Summer 
&  fall  so  great  a  Scarcity  of  Bills  which  had  any  prospect  of 
being  good,  that  really  I  had  no  Choice.  And  now  altho  I  have 
been  constantly  upon  the  look-out  I  can  find  but  one  substantial 
person  who  is  drawing  &  that  at  the  enormous  Kate  of  185  p 
cent  Exchange.  I  have  however  thought  it  best  to  purchase 
one  for  £100  Sterling  drawn  by  Mr  John  Wilcocks  which  I  in- 
close you  indorsed  to  Messrs  Dorset  &  Co  to  be  negotiated  on 
your  Accot.  On  the  other  side  I  give  you  a  statement  of  your 
Money  transactions  since  I  undertook  the  charge  of  them,  by 
which  you  will  observe  the  present  Eemittance  of  £100  Sterling 
exceeds  the  Balance  in  my  hands ;  but  as  I  shall  soon  be  reim- 
bursed by  Dividends  and  Interest,  I  thought  it  best  not  to  lose 
the  present  Opportunity  of  purchasing  and  remitting  so  good  a 
Bill  as  Mr  Wilcocks' s,  altho  the  whole  money  was  not  received, 
more  especially  as  you  have  not  had  the  good  fortune  to  receive 
the  amount  of  the  Bills  I  before  remitted. 

The  family  are  all  well  &  join  with  me  in  best  Love  to  you  & 
yours.  Your  Sisters  I  believe  have  written  you  several  letters 
lately.  God  bless  you  my  dear  Child. 

I  am  most  affectionately  Yours, 

EDWARD  SHIPPEN. 


PHILADA  14*  July  1795 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY 

I  am  happy  to  hear  of  your  good  health  by  your  favor  of  the 
6th  of  March.  I  find  the  fate  of  Mr  Wilcocks' s  Bill  was  not 
known  as  it  was  to  be  negotiated  at  Hamburgh.  Altho  public 
Affairs  on  the  Continent  are  in  a  distracted  way,  yet  I  have  no 
doubt  Mr  Wilcocks's  Bill  will  be  honored. 

I  have  had  much  trouble  with  regard  to  Greenleaf 's  Bills,  in- 
dorsed by  Morris  &  Nicholson ;  the  latter  Gentleman  gave  me 
every  reason  to  expect  that  I  should  be  reimbursed  the  money 
with  the  Damages  in  a  very  short  time  after  the  Bills  came  to 
hand — but  I  have  been  put  off  from  time  to  time  so  that  at 
length  I  was  compelled  as  all  the  other  Bill  holders  were,  to  take 
Mr  Greenleaf 's  Notes  payable  one  half  in  four  months  &  the 
other  half  in  Six  Months.  Finding  however  within  these  few 
days  that  Mr  John  Swanwick  was  drawing  on  London  &  know- 


80      Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

ing  him  to  be  an  able  man  I  thought  it  best  to  purchase  a  Bill 
from  him  with  my  own  money  amounting  to  the  Principal  In- 
terest &  Damages  of  Greenleaf  's  Bills  at  175  p  Cent  Exchange. 
One  of  these  Bills  I  now  inclose  &  hope  it  will  be  duly  honored. 
I  will  take  my  chance  of  being  reimbursed  by  Greenleaf 's 
Notes  when  they  shall  become  due. 

While  the  War  continues  to  rage  in  Europe  I  do  not  wonder 
that  many  people  in  England  should  wish  to  invest  some  part 
of  their  property  in  America.  We  have  every  reason  to  believe 
their  property  would  be  safe  in  this  Country.  Our  Government 
is  firm  &  heartily  disposed  to  continue  at  peace  with  all  the 
World — some  hot-headed  people  would  willingly  work  up  a 
Quarrel  with  England,  but  their  Attempts  will  all  prove  inef- 
fectual. The  Treaty  made  by  Ld  Greenville  &  Mr  Jay  is  ratified 
by  the  Senate  except  the  12th  Article  which  regards  our  trade 
with  the  British  Islands  in  the  West  Indies.  This  &  perhaps 
some  other  parts  of  the  Treaty  will  be  the  Subjects  of  future 
discussion,  there  being  many  Complaints  here  of  a  want  of 
reciprocity  in  some  of  the  Articles. 

If  any  of  your  particular  Friends  should  be  at  a  loss  for  some 
person  here  to  negotiate  an  Investment  of  any  part  of  their 
property  in  this  Country,  I  should,  to  oblige  you,  be  willing  to 
give  them  my  Assistance,  or  perhaps  it  might  be  as  well  either 
to  join  Mr  Burd  with  me  or  to  appoint  him  alone,  he  being 
now  engaged  with  your  Sister  Sally  in  some  Mercantile  Business. 

The  Family  are  all  in  good  health  &  join  me  in  the  sincerest 
Wishes  for  your  health  &  Welfare. 

I  am  &c. 

EDWARD  SHIPPEN. 
(To  be  continued.) 


Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet.  81 


DEAJST  TUCKEE'S  PAMPHLET. 

"A  LETTER  FROM  A  MERCHANT  IN  LONDON  TO  HIS  NEPHEW  IN 
NORTH  AMERICA,"  1766. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  XXV.  page  526.) 

Perhaps  you  will  say,  and  I  think,  it  is  the  only  thing  left 
for  you  to  say  in  excuse  for  such  Proceedings,  that  you  have 
other  Public  Taxes  to  pay,  besides  those  which  the  British 
Parliament  now  requires.  Undoubtedly  you  have,  for  your 
Provincial  and  other  Taxes  are  likewise  to  be  paid :  But 
here  let  me  ask,  is  not  this  our  Case  also  ?  and  have  not  we 
many  other  Taxes  to  discharge  besides  those  which  belong 
to  the  Public,  and  are  to  be  accounted  for  at  the  Exchequer  ? 
— Surely  we  have :  "Witness  our  County  Taxes,  Militia  Taxes, 
Poor  Taxes,  Vagrant  Taxes,  Bridge  Taxes,  High  Road  and 
Turnpike  Taxes,  Watch  Taxes,  Lamps  and  Scavenger  Taxes, 
&c.  &c.  &c. — all  of  them  as  numerous  and  as  burthensome 
as  any  that  you  can  mention.1  And  yet  with  all  this  Burthen, 
yea,  with  an  additional  Weight  of  a  National  Debt  of  18  1. 
Sterling  per  Head, — we  require  of  each  of  you  to  contribute 
only  One  Shilling  to  every  Twenty  from  each  of  us ! 2 — yes ; 
and  this  Shilling  too  to  be  spent  in  your  own  Country,  for  the 
Support  of  your  own  Civil  and  Military  Establishments  ; — 
together  with  many  Shillings  drawn  from  us  for  the  same 
Purpose.3 — Alas !  had  you  been  in  our  Situation,  and  we  in 

1  And  have  we  not  all  these  Taxes  too,  as  well  as  you,  and  our  Pro- 
vincial or  Public  Taxes  besides  ?     And  over  and  above,  have  we  not  new 
Roads  to  make,  new  Bridges  to  build,  Churches  &  Colleges  to  found,  & 
a'  Number  of  other  Things  to  do  that  your  Fathers  have  done  for  you 
and  which  you  inherit  from  them,  but  which  we  are  oblig'd  to  pay  for 
out  of  our  present  Labour.     [B.  F.] 

2  How  fond  he  is  of  this  One  Shilling  and  twenty  !     [B.  F.] 

8  Who  has  desired  this  of  you,  &  who  can  trust  you  to  lay  it  out  ? 
If  you  are  thus  to  provide  for  our  Civil  and  military  Establishments, 
what  use  will  there  afterwards  be  for  our  Assemblies  ?     [B.  F.] 
VOL.  XXVI. — 6 


82  Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet. 

yours,  would  you  have  been  content  with  our  paying  so 
small,  so  inconsiderable  a  Share  of  the  Public  Expences  ? 
And  yet,  small  and  inconsiderable  as  this  Share  is,  you  will 
not  pay  it. — No,  you  will  not !  and  be  it  at  our  Peril,  if  we 
demand  it.1 

Now,  my  Friend,  were  Reason  and  Argument,  were 
Justice,  Equity,  or  Candour  to  be  allowed  by  you  to  have 
any  concern  in  this  Affair;  I  would  then  say,  that  you 
Americans  are  the  most  unfortunate  People  in  the  World 
in  your  Management  of  the  present  Controversy.  Unfor- 
tunate you  are ;  because  the  very  Attempts  you  make  to- 
wards setting  forth  your  Inability,  prove  to  a  Demonstration, 
that  you  are  abundantly  able,  were  you  but  truly  willing  to 
pay  this  Tax.  For  how  ?  and  in  what  Manner  do  you  prove 
your  Allegations  ?  Why  truly,  by  breaking  forth  into  Riots 
and  Insurrections,  and  by  committing  every  kind  of  Vio- 
lence, that  can  cause  Trade  to  stagnate,  and  Industry  to 
cease.2  And  is  this  the  Method,  which  you  have  chosen  to 
pursue,  in  order  to  make  the  World  believe,  that  you  are  a 
poor  People  ?  Is  this  the  Proof  you  bring,  that  the  Stamp 
Duty  is  a  Burthen  too  heavy  for  you  to  bear  ?  Surely,  if 
you  had  really  intended  our  Conviction,  you  would  have 
chosen  some  other  Medium  : 3 — and  were  your  Inability,  or 
Poverty  the  single  Point  in  question,  you  would  not  have 
taken  to  such  Courses,  as  must  infallibly  render  you  still  the 
poorer.  For  in  fact,  if,  after  all  your  Complaints  of  Poverty, 
you  can  still  afford  to  idle  away  your  Time,  and  to  waste 
Days,  and  Weeks,  in  Outrages  and  Uproars ; 4  what  else  do 
you  prove,  but  that  you  are  a  prodigal,  and  extravagant 

1  No.     We  will  pay  nothing  on  Compulsion.      [B.  F.] 

2  The  Americans  never  brought  Riots  as  Arguments.     It  is  unjust  to 
charge  two  or  three  Riots  in  particular  Places  upon  all  America.     Look 
for  Arguments  in  the  Petitions  &  Remonstrances  of  the  Assemblies,  who 
detest  Riots,  of  which  there  are  ten  in  England  for  one  in  America. 
[B.  F.] 

3  How  impudent  it  is  to  insinuate  that  the  Americans  chose  no  other 
Medium.     [B.  F.] 

4  When?    Where?     [B.  F.] 


Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet.  83 

People  ?  For  you  must  acknowledge,  that  if  but  half  of 
this  Time  were  spent,  as  it  ought  to  be,  in  honest  Industry 
and  useful  Labour,  it  would  have  been  more  than  sufficient 
to  have  paid  double  the  Tax  which  is  now  required. 

But  you  will  still  say,  that  though  the  Tax  may  be  allowed 
(nay  indeed  it  must  be  allowed)  to  be  very  moderate,  every 
thing  considered,  and  not  at  all  excessive ;  "  It  may  never- 
theless be  laid  on,  very  unseasonably;  it  may  be  wrong- 
timed,  and  ill-digested." 

Now,  here  I  must  own,  that  I  am  somewhat  at  a  loss  how 
to  answer  you,  because  I  am  not  quite  certain  that  I  under- 
stand your  Meaning.  If,  for  Example,  by  the  term  ill- 
digested^  you  would  insinuate,  that  the  American  Stamp 
Duty  would  grind  the  Faces  of  the  Poor,  and  permit  the 
Rich  to  escape ; — that  it  would  affect  the  Necessaries,  and 
not  the  Superfluities  of  Life; — that  it  would  prevent  the 
Building  of  Houses,  or  the  Clearing  of  Lands,  or  the  Cul- 
tivation of  Estates  already  cleared ; — or  lastly,  that  it  would 
diminish  the  Number  of  your  Shipping,  or  stop  the  Pay  of 
your  Sailors ; — if  these,  or  any  of  these  are  the  Evils,  which 
you  would  lay  to  the  Charge  of  the  Stamp  Duty ;  nothing 
upon  Earth  could  be  a  falser  Charge :  and  you  could  not 
give  a  stronger  Proof  either  of  your  Defect  of  Judgment, 
or  Want  of  Integrity  than  by  uttering  such  Assertions  as 
these; — Assertions,  which  both  daily  Experience  and  the 
Nature  of  Things  evidently  demonstrate  to  be  void  of  Truth. 
— We  in  Britain  have  been  subject  to  a  Stamp  Duty  for  many, 
very  many  years ; — a  Duty  much  higher  than  that  which  is 
intended  for  America :  and  yet  we  know  by  long  Experience, 
that  it  hath  not  been  attended  with  any  of  the  dreadful  Con- 
sequences which  are  here  supposed. 

Again,  as  to  the  wrong-timing ,  or  the  Unseasonableness  of 
this  Tax : — If  by  this  you  mean  to  say,  that  it  was  laid  on, 
at  a  Time,  when  you  were  poorer,  and  less  able  to  bear  it, 
than  you  were  before ; — that  is  false  also.  For  you  never 
were  richer,  and  you  never  were  more  able  to  contribute 
your  Quota  towards  the  general  Expences,  than  at  the  June- 


, 
84  Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet. 

• 

ture  of  laying  on  this  Tax.  To  prove  this,  let  it  be  observed, 
that  just  before  this  Event,  you  had  not  only  been  draining 
the  Mother  Country  dry  by  the  immense  Sums  drawn  from 
us  to  pay  our  Fleets  and  Armies,  when  acting  in  Defence  of 
America ; ! — and  that  your  Jobbers  &  Contractors  2  had  not 
only  been  sucking  our  Blood  and  Vitals  by  their  extortionate 
Demands ; — but  you  had  also  been  enriched  by  the  Spoils, 
and  by  the  Traffic  of  the  numerous  Colonies  of  France  and 
Spain.  For  you  were  continually  acting  the  double  Part 
either  of  Trade,  or  "War,  of  Smuggling,  or  Privateering, 
according  to  the  Prospect  of  greater  Gain.3  And  while  we 
at  home  were  exerting  our  utmost  to  put  a  speedy  End  to 
the  War  by  an  honourable  Peace ; — you  on  the  contrary 
were  endeavouring  to  prolong  it  as  much  as  possible ;  and 
were  supplying  our  Enemies  with  all  Manner  of  Provisions, 
and  all  Sorts  of  warlike  Stores  for  that  Purpose.4  Nay ;  be- 
cause forsooth  a  Part  of  these  ill-gotten  Riches  were  laid 
out  in  English  Manufactures  (there  being  at  that  Time 
hardly  a  Possibility  of  purchasing  any  but  English,  when 
our  Fleets  were  absolute  Masters  of  the  Sea)  your  Advocates 
and  Authors  trumpeted  aloud  the  prodigious  Profits  of  this 
North  American  Trade; — not  considering,  or  rather  not 
willing  that  we  should  consider,  that  while  a  few  Indi- 
viduals were  getting  Thousands,  the  Public  was  spending 
Millions. 

Once  more :  If  by  the  Epithet  unseasonable,  you  would  be 

1  Defence  of  your  Trade  in  America.      [B.  F.] 

2  Your  Jobbers  &  Contractors  if  you  please.     We  had  none  of  those 
dainty  Morsels.      [B.  F.] 

3  Is  the  War  we  made  on  your  Enemies  then  among  our  Offences  ? 
[B.  F.]  _ 

4  An  infamous  Lie  !     They  always  have  warlike  Stores  cheaper  than 
ours  :  Our  supplying  them  with  Provisions  was  a  Cry  only  to  found  an 
Embargo  on  for  the  Benefit  of  English  Contractors,  that  they  might  buy 
our  Provisions  cheaper.     All  this  Page  is  Falshood  &  Misrepresenta- 
tion.    Money  was  actually  much  scarcer  in  the  Colonies  after  the  War 
than  before.     This  is  a  Fact  known  to  all  that  know  anything  of  them. 
[B.  F.] 


Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet.  85 

understood  to  mean,  that  there  was  no  need  of  taxing  you  at 
all  at  that  Juncture ;  because  the  Mother  Country  was  still  as  able 
to  carry  the  additional  Load,  which  you  had  brought  upon  us,  as 
she  had  been  to  bear  all  the  rest : l  if  this  be  your  Meaning,  I 
must  tell  you  once  for  all,  that  you  are  egregiously  mistaken. 
For  we  can  hear  no  more :  we  cannot  support  ourselves 
under  heavier  Taxations,  even  were  we  ever  so  willing :  we 
have  strained  every  Nerve  already,  and  have  no  Resources 
left  for  new  Impositions.  Therefore  let  what  will  come 
of  the  present  Affairs,  let  the  Stamp  Duty  be  repealed,  or 
not ;  still  the  Expences  of  America  must  be  borne  by  the 
Americans  in  some  Form,  or  under  some  Denomination  or 
other.2 

But  after  all ;  perhaps  you  meant  none  of  these  Things ; 
perhaps  you  meant  to  insinuate  (though  it  was  Prudence  in 
you  not  to  speak  out)  that  the  late  Act  was  ill-contrived  and 
ill-timed  ;  because  it  was  made  at  a  Juncture,  when  neither  the 
French,3  nor  Indians  were  in  your  Hear  to  frighten,  nor  the 
English  Fleets  and  Armies  on  your  Front  to  force  you  to  a 
Compliance.  Perhaps  this  was  your  real  Meaning :  and  if 
it  was,  it  must  be  confessed,  that  in  that  Sense,  the  late  Act 
was  not  well-timed ;  and  that  a  much  properer  Season  might 
have  been  chosen.  For  had  the  Law  been  made  five  or  six 
Years  before,  when  you  were  moving  Heaven  and  Earth 

1  Infamous  Lie  !     [B.  F.] 

2  Undoubtedly.      We    don't    desire    you    to    bear   our    Expences. 
[B.  F.] 

3  It  seems  a  prevailing  Opinion  in  England,  that  Fear  of  their  French 
Neighbours  would  have  kept  the  Colonies  in  Obedience  to  the  Parlia- 
ment; and  that  if  the  French  Power  had  not  been  subdu'd,  no  Oppo- 
sition would  have  been  made  to  the  Stamp  Act.     A  very  groundless 
Notion.     On  the  contrary,  Had  the  French  Power  continued,  to  which 
the  Americans  might  have  had  Recourse  in  case  of  Oppression  from 
Parliament,  Parliament  would  not  have  dared  to  oppress  them.     It  was 
the  Employm*  of  50,000  Men  at  Land,  &  a  Fleet  on  the  Coast,  five 
years  to  subdue  the  French  only.     Half  the  Land  Army  were  Provin- 
cials.    Suppose  the  British  25000  had  acted  by  themselves  with  all  the 
Colonies  against  them  ;  what  time  would  it  have  taken  to  subdue  the 
whole?     [B.  F.] 


36  Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet. 

with  your  Cries  and  Lamentations  j1  not  a  Tongue  would 
then  have  uttered  a  Word  against  it ;  all  your  Orators  would 
have  displayed  their  Eloquence  on  other  Topics ;  and  even 
American  Patriotism  itself  would  at  that  Season  have  made 
no  Difficulty  in  acknowledging,  that  the  Mother  Country 
had  a  Eight  to  the  Obedience  of  the  Colonies  in  Return  for 
her  kind  and  generous  Protection.2 

Upon  the  whole  therefore,  what  is  the  Cause  of  such  an 
amazing  Outcry  as  you  raise  at  present? — Not  the  Stamp 
Duty  itself :  all  the  world  are  agreed  on  that  Head:  and 
none  can  be  so  ignorant,  or  so  stupid,  as  not  to  see,  that  this 
is  a  mere  Sham  and  Pretence.  What  then  are  the  real 
Grievances,  seeing  that  the  Things  which  you  alledge  are 
only  the  pretended  ones  ?  Why,  some  of  you  are  exasperated 
against  the  Mother  Country,  on  the  Account  of  the  Revival  of 
certain  Restrictions  laid  upon  their  Trade: — I  say,3  it  has  been 
the  System  of  every  European  Power,  which  had  Colonies  in 
that  Part  of  the  World,  to  confine  (as  far  as  Laws  can  con- 
fine) the  Trade  of  the  Colonies  to  the  Mother  Country,  and 
to  exclude  all  others,  under  the  Penalty  of  Confiscation,  &c. 
from  partaking  in  it.  Thus,  the  Trade  of  the  Spanish 
Colonies  is  confined  by  Law  to  Old  Spain, — the  Trade  of 
the  Brazils  to  Portugal, — the  Trade  of  Martinico  and  the 
other  French  Colonies  to  Old  France, — and  the  Trade  of 
Curacoe  and  Surinam  to  Holland.  But  in  one  Instance  the 
Hollanders  make  an  Exception  (perhaps  a  wise  one)  viz.  in 
the  Case  of  Eustatia,  which  is  open  to  all  the  World.  Now, 
that  the  English  thought  themselves  entitled  to  the  same 
Right  over  their  Colonies,  which  other  Nations  claim  over 
theirs,  and  that  they  exercised  the  same  Right  by  making 
what  Regulations  they  pleased,  may  be  seen  by  the  following 
Acts  of  Parliament,  viz.  12  of  Car.  II.  Chap.  18.— 15  of 
Car.  II.  Ch.  7.— 22  and  23  of  C.  II.  Cli.  26.— 25  of  C.  II. 

1  It  is  wonderful  where  the  English  drew  this  Notion  !     The  Americans 
know  nothing  of  it.      [B.  F.] 

2  The  Protection  was  mutual.      [B.  F.] 

3  Ever  since  the  Discovery  of  America  [false.     B.  F.] . 


Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet.  87 

Ch.  7.— 7  and  8  of  Will.  III.  Ch.  23.— 10  and  11  of  W.  III. 
Ch.  22.— 3  and  4  of  Ann.  Ch.  5  and  10.  8  of  Ann.  Ch.  13. 

-12  of  Ann.  Ch.  9.— 1  of  G.  I.  Ch.  26.— 3  of  G.  I.  Ch.  21. 
—8  of  G.  I.  Ch.  15  and  18.— 11  of  G.  I.  Chap.  20.— 12  of 
G.  I.  Ch.  5.— 2  of  G.  H.  Ch.  28  and  35.— 3  of  G.  II.  Ch.  28. 
—4  of  G.  II.  Ch.  15.— 5  of  G.  II.  Ch.  9.— 6  of  G.  II.  Ch.  13. 

—8  of  G.  II.  Ch.  28.— 11  of  G.  II.  Ch.  29.— 12  of  G.  II. 
Ch.  30.— 15  and  16  of  G.  II.  Ch.  33.— With  many  others 
of  a  later  Date.  I  might  also  mention  the  Laws  made  in 
the  Reign  of  his  present  Majesty;  but  as  these  Laws  are 
now  the  Point  in  controversy,  I  forbear  Revival;  for  the 
same  Restrictions  have  been  the  standing  Rules  of  Gov- 
ernment from  the  Beginning;1  though  not  enforced  at  all 
Times  with  equal  Strictness.  During  the  late  War,  you 
Americans  could  not  import  the  Manufactures  of  other 
Nations  (which  it  is  your  constant  Aim  to  do,2  and  the  Aim 
of  the  Mother  Country  always  to  prevent)  so  conveniently 
as  you  can  in  times  of  Peace : 3  and  therefore,  there  was  no 
Need  of  watching  you  so  narrowly,  as  far  as  that  Branch 
of  Trade  was  concerned.  But  immediately  upon  the  Peace, 
the  various  Manufactures  of  Europe,  particularly  those  of 
France,4  which  could  not  find  Yent  before,  were  spread,  as 
it  were,  over  all  your  Colonies,  to  the  prodigious  Detriment 
of  your  Mother  Country.5  And  therefore  our  late  Set  of 
Ministers  acted  certainly  right,  in  putting  in  Force  the  Laws 
of  their  Country ;  in  order  to  check  this  growing  Evil. — If 
in  so  doing,  they  committed  any  Error ;  or,  if  the  Persons 
to  whom  the  Execution  of  these  Laws  were  intrusted,  ex- 
ceeded their  Instructions ;  there  is  no  Doubt  to  be  made, 

1  Not  from  the  Beginning.  Look  below  at  your  List  of  Acts.  The 
first  of  them  is  in  the  12  of  Cha.  II.  Threescore  years  after  the  Begin- 
ning of  Settlements  in  America.  [B.  F.] 

1  An  absolute  Lie.      [B.  F.] 

3  More  conveniently  if  we  had  lik'd  them.  But  the  Truth  is,  that 
Foreign  Manufactures  are  not  to  the  Taste  of  the  Americans.  [B.  F.] 

*  Not  a  single  Manufacture  of  France,  except  Brandy  if  that  be  one, 
every  used  in  America.  [B.  F.] 

6  A  vile  Lie.     [B.  F.] 


88  Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet. 

<% 

but  that  all  this  will  be  rectified  by  the  present  Administra- 
tion. And  having  done  that,  they  will  have  done  all  that  in 
Reason  you  can  expect  from  them.  But  alas !  the  Expec- 
tations of  an  American  carry  him  much  farther:  For  he 
will  ever  complain  and  smuggle,  and  smuggle  and  complain, 
till  all  Restraints  are  removed,  and  till  he  can  both  buy  and 
sell,  whenever,  and  wheresoever  he  pleases.1  Any  thing 
short  of  this,  is  still  a  Grievance,  a  Badge  of  Slavery, — an 
Usurpation  on  the  natural  Rights  and  Liberties  of  a  free 
People,  and  I  know  not  how  many  bad  Things  besides. 

But,  my  good  Friend,  be  assured,  that  these  are  Re- 
straints, which  neither  the  present,  nor  any  future  Ministry 
can  exempt  you  from.  They  are  the  standing  Laws  of  the 
Kingdom ; 2  and  God  forbid,  that  we  should  allow  that  dis- 
pensing Power  to  our  Ministers,  which  we  so  justly  deny  to 
our  Kings.  In  short,  while  you  are  a  Colony,  you  must  be 
subordinate  to  the  Mother  Country.3  These  are  the  Terms 
arid  Conditions,  on  which  you  were  permitted  to  make  your 
first  Settlements : 4  they  are  the  Terms  and  Conditions,  on 
which  alone  you  can  be  entitled  to  the  Assistance  and  Pro- 
tection of  Great  Britain ; 5 — they  are  also  the  fundamental 
Laws  of  the  Realm ; — and  I  will  add  farther,  that  if  we  are 
obliged  to  pay  many  Bounties  for  the  Importation  of  your 
Goods,  and  are  excluded  from  purchasing  such  Goods,  in 
other  Countries  (where  we  might  purchase  them  on  much 
cheaper  Terms)  in  order  to  promote  your  Interest;6 — by 
Parity  of  Reason  you  ought  to  be  subject  to  the  like  Exclu- 
sions, in  order  to  promote  ours.  This  then  being  the  Case ; 
do  not  expect,  from  the  present  Ministry  that,  which  is  im- 

1  Infinitely  more  Smuggling  in  England  !     Not  a  Member  of  Parl* 
that  has  not  Smuggled  Goods  on  his  Wrists.     [B.  F.] 
2  They  are  Laws  in  the  Kingdom.      [B.  F.] 
8  To  the  King  only.      [B.  F.] 
*  Ignorance.      [B.  F.] 

5  By  suffering  us  to  enjoin  our  Eights,  you  may  expect  our  Assist- 
ance, &  not  otherwise.      [B.  F.] 

6  Not  at  all  to  promote  our  Interest,  but  your  own.     See  p.  23,  24, 
25.      [B.  F.] 


Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet.  89 

possible  for  any  Set  of  Ministers  to  grant.  All  that  they 
can  do,  is  to  connive  a  while  at  your  unlawful  Proceedings. 
But  this  can  be  but  of  short  Duration  :  For  as  soon  as  ever 
fresh  Remonstrances  are  made  by  the  British  Manufacturers, 
and  British  Merchants ;  the  Ministry  must  renew  the  Orders 
of  their  Predecessors ;  they  must  inforce  the  Laws ;  they 
must  require  Searches,  and  Confiscations  to  be  made :  And 
then  the  present  Ministers  will  draw  upon  themselves,  for 
doing  their  duty,  just  the  same  Execrations,  which  you  now 
bestow  upon  the  last. 

So  much  as  to  your  first  Grievance.  And  as  to  your 
Second,  it  is,  beyond  Doubt,  of  a  Nature  still  worse.  For 
many  among  you  are  sorely  concerned  that  they  cannot  pay 
their  British  Debts  with  an  American  Sponge.1  This  is  an 
intolerable  Grievance:  and  they  long  for  the  Day,  when 
they  shall  be  freed  from  this  galling  Chain.  Our  Merchants 
in  London,  Bristol,  Liverpool,  Glasgow,  &c.  &c.  perfectly 
understand  your  many  Hints  and  Inuendoes  to  us,  on  this 
Head.  But  indeed,  lest  we  should  be  so  dull  as  not  to 
comprehend  your  Meaning,  you  have  spoken  out,  and  pro- 
posed an  open  Association  against  paying  your  just  Debts.2 
Had  our  Debtors  in  any  other  Part  of  the  Globe,  had  the 
French  or  Spaniards  proposed  the  like,  (and  surely  they  have 
all  at  least  an  equal  Right,)  what  Name  would  you  have 
given  to  such  Proceedings  ? 3 — But  I  forget :  You  are  not 
the  faithless  French  or  Spaniards :  You  are  ourselves  :  You 
are  honest  Englishmen. 

Your  third  Grievance  is  the  Sovereignty  of  Great  Britain. 
For  you  want  to  be  independent :  You  wish  to  be  an  Em- 
pire by  itself,  and  to  be  no  longer  the  Province  of  another.4 
This  Spirit  is  uppermost;  and  this  Principle  is  visible  in 

1  Another  infamous  Lie  I     [B.  F.] 

2  Who  proposed  this,  you  lying  Villain !     [B.  F.] 

8  Had  the  French  or  Spaniards  rais'd  such  a  Lie  on  you,  what 
Name  would  you  have  given  them.  [B.  F.] 

4  We  were  always  distinct  separate  States  under  the  same  Soverign. 
[B.  F.] 


90  Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet. 

all  your  Speeches,  and  all  your  Writings,  even  when  you 
take  some  Pains  to  disguise  it.  "  What !  an  Island  !  A  Spot 
such  as  this  to  command  the  great  and  mighty  Continent 
of  Forth  America!  Preposterous!  A  Continent,  whose 
Inhabitants  double  every  five  and  twenty  Years !  Who 
therefore,  within  a  Century  and  an  Half  will  be  upwards 
of  an  hundred  and  twenty  Millions  of  Souls ! — Forbid  it 
Patriotism,  forbid  it  Politics,  that  such  a  great  and  mighty 
Empire  as  this,  should  be  held  in  subjection  by  the  paultry 
Kingdom  of  Great  Britain ! — Rather  let  the  Seat  of  Empire 
be  transferred :  And  let  it  be  fixt,  where  it  ought  to  be,  viz. 
in  Great  America !"  * 

1  A  Silly  Speech  Mr  Dean  has  made  for  us.      [B.  F.] 
(To  be  continued.) 


No.  J. 


Wadelphjde  Zeitung 


S  A  MBS  TAG,  dor  6  Mey.  1732, 


ir  *//*  tetitfihe  Eitimbner  der  Vwvintz 


ACHDEM  ich  von  verfchic- 
denen  teutfchen  Einwohnerh 
dicfcs  Landes  bin  crfuchet 
worden,eine  teutfche  Zeitung 
usgchen  zu  laflen,  und  ihnen  daripncn 
las  vonxehmfte  und  merckwiirdigfte 

ues,  fo  hicr  und  in  Europa  vorfallen 

nochtc,  zu  communiciren  ;  doeh  abcr 

iiicrzu  viclc  muhe,   grofle  corfefpon- 

jtentzundauchUnkoften  erfordcrt  wer 

Jlcn  ;  Als  habc  mich  entfchlofien,  dc- 

icn  teutfchen  zu  lieb   gegenwlrtiges 

Jpccimen  davon  heraus  iu  geben,  und 

hnen  dabcy  die  Conditioner  wclchc 

othwendig  zu  der  continuation  derfel- 

en  erfordert  werdcn,bekcnt  zu  machen. 

Erftiich,  miifteii  zum  wcnigften,  urn 
ie  unkoftcndicdarauflaufFen,  gut  zu 
nachen,  300  ftucks  konnen  gcdruckc 
ind  debitiret  werdcn,  und  miifte  in  je- 
er Townfhip  dazu  ein  mann  ansge* 
nachet  werden,  welchcr  mir  wiflen  lief- 
c,wie  vielZeimrigenjedesmahlan  thn 
niiften  gefandt  werdcn,  und  dor  fie  dan 
vciterscinenjeglichcn  zuftellen  und  die 
>ezahlung  daVor  einfordern  miifte. 

Vor  jecje  Zeitung  mufs  jahrlich  10 
>hillinge  erleget,  unddavon  allequar- 
al  ilh.  6d.  bezahlet  werdcn. 

Dagegen  verfpreche  ich  auf  meiner 
cite,  dutch  gute  Cor.refpondemz  die 
ch  in  Holland  und  England  babe  alle 
eit  das  merkwiirdigfte  uad  neuefte  fo 
a  Europa  und  auch  hier  pafliret^ 


wocnc  einaiahl,  nemlich  SormaEends  ia 
gegenwartiger  form  ciner  Zeitung, 
nebit  denen  fchliFen  fo  hier  abgehen 
und  ankommcn,  und  auch  das  ftdgeW 
cxler  fallen  des  Preiflcs  dcrQuter,  uhd 
was  fonft  fcu  wfiea  dienlieb 
ZAI  machen. 

Advcrtiflemente  oder  Bekant 
chungen,  wclchc  man  an  mich  ichickert 
mochte,  follen  das  erftc  mahJvof  .3  fcill* 
3  mahl  aber  vor  5 ihil;  hinein  gcfetzefc 
werden, 

Und  weit  ich  nutzlich  erachtt  did 
gantze  befchrcibuqg  der  aufrichtung 
dieferprovintz,  mit  alien  derfelbcnprir 
vilcgien,,rechten  und  gdetzen,  bej*  cr* 
mangelung  geni^famcr  Neuigkeiten? 
darincn  bekandt  zu  machen;  folte  niche 
undienlicb  feyn,  dafs  ein  jeder,  zumaht 
wcr  kinder  hat,  dkfe  Zeitungen  wohl 
bewah,re>  und  am  ende  des  jahres  an 
einanderhefTte ;  zumahlda  folchedanti 
gleichfam  als  eine  Chronica  dienen  kon- 
nen, die  vorigen  Gefchrchte  daraus  za 
erfehett)  und  die  folgendc'defto  beilec 
zu  verftehen. 

Auch  wird  anbey  zu  bedencJccn  gc* 
gcben,  ob  es  nicht  rahtfam  ware,  fa 
jeder  groflenTownfliipeinen  reitenden 
Boten  zu  beftellen,  welcher  afle  woche 
einmahl  nach  der  ftadt  reiten  und  was 
ein  jeder  da  zu  beftellen  hat,  mit  neh- 
men  konne 

So  bald  nun -dip  obgemeldte  at  ^.ah! 
der  Unterichreibcr  vorhanden,  wclchc? 
fo  bald  als  moglich  crfuche  in  Phila- 
delphia 


r  Wafer,  odermGer- 
nwntown  an  aniel  Mackinct  zu  ubcr- 
fcpdcn,  foil  die  wochentliche  continu- 
ation erfolgen;  bifs  dahin  bleibe  Euer 
illcrfeits  Dierfwilliger 

L.  Timothee, 

. 


DAmit  der  gencigte  Lefer  die  folgende  Zei- 
tungen  und  was  darinnen  foil  g;emeldet  wer- 
«5cnj  befler  verftehen  m6ge,  habe  dienlich  erach- 
tec  cinen  kurtz.cn  hiftorifchen  bcricht  von  denen 
gcgcnwartigen  conjun&uren  in  Europa  vorab  gc- 
hcn  zu  laifeu. 

T  U  H  K  E  Y  E  N. 

In  Turkeycn  hat  fich  verwichenes  jahr  cine 
jnerkwuVdige  revolution  zugetragen  ;  cin  gcrin- 
ger  menfch,  gab  vor  dafs  er  cin  Prophet  ware, 
und  ein  geficht  gehabr  hatte,  dafs  weil  der  kricg 
ccgcn  den  Romifchen  Keyfer  ib  wohl  als  gegen 
Fcrficn  fo  unglilcklich  ausgefailen,  man  den  Sul- 
tan abfetzen  und  einen  neuenproclamiren  mufte, 
ftu  welchec  fich  die  Janitfcharen  endlich  gefu- 
£et,  das  Serrail  dberwaltiget,  den  fohn  des  ietzt 
abgefetztcn  Sultans  heraus  gCiOgen,  und  procla- 
jnirct,  und  feinen  Ohm  in  feine  ftatt  ins  gefang- 
•aifs  gefetzt  habcn,  worauf  iich  der  tumult  zwar 
<rft  etwas  geleget,  doch  aber  einige  zoic  hemach 
•vicder  ausgebrochen,  und  durch  die  zeitige  und 
^utc  voifehung  des  neuen  Sultans  und  abfetzung 
<ies  eritenViiiers  gcftillet  wordea.  Man  fchreibet 
«us  fflen  vom  12  Dec.  Dafs  die  Turcken  eine 
Volkommeae  Vi£loria  ubei  diePerfianererhalten, 
40000  mann  getodtct,  und  103  Stftcke  gefchuts 
lamt  allcr  Sagage  erobert  habben. 

Auch  wird^von  Witn  unferm  *)J#r.<  17^2.  ge- 
fchricben,  dafs  fo  wohl  der  Sultan  als  auch  der 
grofs  Vizier  zu  <iem  Keyferiichen  Refidenten  in 
Conftantinopel  ibli  gefagt  naben,  dafs  die  Pforte 
7\var  gerne  den  frkden  unterhalten  wolte,  dafs 
«ber  das  Volck  und  die  imiit/.  fo  nach  krieg  ver- 
langet  mit  dencn  Cbriften,  dafs  marifaftgeiU'im- 
gen  fey  ihncn  nachzugeben, 

i4ir.ffrd.t*n  den  22  Feb.  Zeitungcn  aus  Wien 
bcrichtcn,  <iafs  man  alda  von  Conihntinopel  vcr- 
nomrpscn,  dafi  die  Pforte  einen  2,0  jthtigen  Waf- 
feii-flillftarid  wit  Pcrfien  getrotFen,  und  dai!s  dec 
Grofs-Sultan  an  den  K6'n?g  von  Engelatid  ge- 
fchusben  iabe,  dafs  im  fall  Ihre  Britannifchc 
Mujefta!:.fich  dem  vornehnsen  der  Turcken  ^rk- 
deifety.en  niochte,  das  commerclum  mit-Enge- 
land  foke  verboten  werdcn.  Woraus  man  math 
jnaflev4af$  ftc  -.viiicns  findgcgeu  dk  Chrilk 


ITALIEN. 

E$  ift  ichon  vor  einiger  /eit  in  der  Infill  Corj 
fica,  untcrdie  Republic  Genua  gehorig,  ein  gro* 
fct  aufftand  gefehehen  der  crft  zwar  gering  fchien 
doch  nachhcro  fchr  /ugenommen,  und  zu  einei 
ftffentlichen  rebellion  aur.gefchlagen.  Die  Ein- 
wohner  derfelben  Inful  geben  in  ihrem  Manifefll 
vor,  dais  fie  frey  gebohrne  Leute  find  und  voi 
den  Genuefern  als  Sclaven  behandeic  werdenJ 
deswegen  fie  ehren  und  pflichts  halbcn  angcdrun-j 
gen  waren  ,  diefes  unertr^gliche  joch  von  der 
Hals  zxk  werften.  Die  Genuefer  haben  daraul) 
bey  dem  Key fer  um  HulfFe  angehalten,  wckhei 
ihnen  auch  fchon  zu  2  rnahlen  Hu'lffs-Troupped 
gefbnden  ,  doch  haben  iie  mit  allcrihrer  machJ 
noch  nicht  -yicl  konnen  zu  wege  bringcn.  Alad 
hat  disfals  folgende  Zeitung. 

sfmjlerdam  den  \i  Feb.  1732.  Von  Baftia  wiic! 
untcrrn  21.  verwichenen  monaths  berichtet,  dafSJ 
einige  Priefters  von  Corfica  nach  Cal  vi  gekommcnj 
alwo  800  tcutfche  Trouppen  in  feeletzung  lagenj 
und  den  Gouvcrneur  deffelben  orts  verfichertj 
dafs  die  Einwohner  von  Calefctana  und  ColbarJ 
nur  auf  cine  gute  gelegenheit  warteten,  fich  an 
die  Republic  zu  unterwcrffen,  und  begehretcn 
dais  einige  trouppen  mo'chten  gefendet  werdeoj 
in  diefen  2  pla'tzen  poiTefTion  ^u  nehmen.  Wo! 
rauf  der  Governeur  400  Mann  von  der  Garnifor 
dahin  abgefendet,  welche  aber,  da  fie  nahe  bcjj 
Cale^tana  kamen,  von  einer  groflerj  jnenge  del 
Malcontenten  die  fich  da  vcrborgen  hadden,  un-j 
verfehens  uberfaiien,  umgeben  und  in  ftucken  pjcj 
hauen  worden,  ansgenommen  80  die  das  Gliiclj 
hatten  iich  mir  der  flucht  zu  falviren. 
DEUTSCHLAND. 
ImErti-StifFt  Salt^burg  hat  man  einige  zeit  hJ 
angefangen  die  Protcftanten  auf  das  hefFtigfte  zn 
verfolgen,  die  fie  fich  dann  dariiber  an  verfchiel 
denen  protcitantiichen  HSften  beklaget  docH 
noch  itur  zeit  damit  nichts  gewinnen  konncnl 
und  wird  deswegen  folgerides  berichtet : 

Regetubitrg  den  10.  Sept,  Die  letttc  BricfFI 
von  Sah'Sburg  bringen  mit,  dafs  alcia  eine  Coml 
mifllon  ift  berahmet  wordcn,  die  hefchvTehranl 
gen  dei  Proteftanten  zu  tmtcifuclien.  Aus  eincji; 
an  die  CommifTurien  €bergel>enen  Regiucr  erhcj 
let^  dafs  die  anzah!  dtrer*ib  fich  zur  proteilanta 
Ichen  Religion  bekennen,  fich  auf  17800.  per  fa 
r,cn  crftrccket.  Ihr  begchren  ift>  dafs  man  snneJ 
erlauben  ibile  ihren  Gottc.-dienft  in  der  ftille  zi 
haken,  <iie  Bfichei  ra  Icfen  weiche  davon  ban! 
delrjs  and  fie  nicht  zwingen  in  die  RdmifdJ 
Kirchea  zu  |jehen.  Doch  die  Clerifey  fetzet  iicl 
febr  gegen  diefe  puncten, 
^  Von  Miinchen  v/ird  gefchrieben,  dafs  herein! 
einige  Beyerifche  Regimenre  nach  den  graatzeiH 
you  Salubuig  im  aarnanch  begiifii-ri.  wdche/lcl 

Ml 


f  Ida  iu  6'coo.  K  ayferltchen,  und  4000,  Reichs- 
,  tiouppen  ftfgen,  und  denen  Proreftanten,  die  die 
WaHen  ergriflfch  haben,  wiederftand  thua  fallen. 
^Ue  die  Hauler  fo  auf  den  Baftionen  der  Sradr 
Salrzburg  getarxkn,  find  bifs  auf  deugrund  de- 
;  moiiiefc*  und  den?n  Malcontenren  aller  pals  nach 
j  Infpruck  acid  Lentfc  abgefchnitten. 

Von  Saitibarg  hat  man,  dais  den  2  2.  October 
550  Dragonew  von  des  Printfcen  Eugcnii  Regi- 
ment 22.geiangene  dahin  gebracht  habcn  in  drey 
i  Wagens,  welche  der  Bilchoft"  vor  feinem  Pallaft 
!  Mirabel  hat  (ehenvorbey  paffiren;  und  dafs  100 
,5altsburger  Soldaten  nach  dem  Gcbdrge  gefchi- 
;cket  die  andereii  zu  verftsircken,  weil  die  Rebel- 
ilen  drohcn,  Priefter  und  Ambtleute  tod  zufchla- 
gen,  im  fall  diefe  Gefangene  nicht  wieder  ?<u- 
ruck  gefendet  werden  :  Auch  werden  den  24. 
noch  800  Mann  von  Oeftereich  erwartet,  weiche 
ifich  zu  denen  200.  die  4  tage  iuvor  angekom- 
men,  fflgen  follen. 

Auch  wird  von  Wien  berichtet,  dafs  oachdem 
die  Keyferlichen  Regimenter  von  Jorger,  Ait- 
iDaun  und  Wurmbrand  auf  den  (Jrantae 


rantaen  des 

lEitxbilsthurns  angekommen,  die  in  dem  Gebiir- 

;ge  Hch  suf  hakende  Rebellen  z-iemiich  ftille  wor* 

den,  und  nur  bisweilen  Bittfchreiben  eiugeben  , 

;  worinncn  fie  fich  uber  die  unertr^glich«  Taxen 

(befchwehren,    und  Freyheit  crfuchen    aus  dem 

,  lande  zu  gehen  ,  welches  ihnen  aber  von  denen 

(  Dragonern  des  Printz  Eugenii,  die  von  Lentz  bifs 

.auf    das  Salt^burgifche   Territorium    gepoftiret 

fe  y  n  ,  ge  weh  ret  wird. 

Rejrensbur%fa\*  20*  Dscemb.  Am  15.  diefcs  mo- 

naths  hielten  die  Evangeliichen  StSndc  cine  Con- 

feienz,  worinnen  der  Chur-Sachfifche  Gefandte 

,cinen  Entwurf  lals  cines  Memorials  an  den  Mi- 

i  oifter  von  Saltsburg,  den  freyen  abzug  der  ge- 

dachten  Proteftanten  aus  dem  Ertfftittt  betref- 

fendet  welches  gucgefunden  und  befchloifeii  wur- 

de  cs  gedachten  Nlinifter  ZM  libergeben.    DieE- 

vangelifchen  StSnde  haben  ein  Memorial  von  ci- 

.iaem  gewiflcn  Saltiburger,  tiahmens  MeydSf  em- 

pfangen,  diefes  innhalts:    Dais  felbiojer,  nach- 

dem  erfich  von  di  rctiriict,  und  wieder  zur&ck 

gegangen  fcine  Verwandtcn  lu  bciuchen,   zu 

jKufitcin  im  Tyroliichen  aireltner,  mit  ftiicken 

gebunden  und  uach  Salts:burg  gebj-acht  worden  , 

Soch  hcmachmals  wieder  loft  gebffwnj  mit  be- 

,  fehl  fich  fa  gleich  fort  zu  packcn  and  weder  fein 

Weib  ucd  Kinder,  noca  et  was  von  (einen  G^- 

,tcrn  mit  au  nehmen  ,  und  im  fall  er  wicder  k2- 

me,  fbhe  ev  auf  die  Gaiercn  gebracht  werden. 

Auch  lauffet  cia  Geuiclu,  da£  etliche  handere 

>  Proteftanten  unter  eiuer  Efcorte  Soldaten  auf  die 

Beyerifche  Gramsen  find  gebracht  worden,  well 

,  ihnen  aber  von  denen  fkyern  dei  eingang  in  ihr 

l-wid  ift  gcweigcrr*  imd  der  pafi  ubcrall  verwch- 


ret  worden,  haben  fie  5  wochcn  iang  auf  det 
Landftraffe  fich  aufhahen,  und  acht  tage  und 
nachte  unter  dem  freyen  Hinunel  vie  das  Vteh 
liegen  mfifleu,  bifs  fie  cndlkh  eriaobnis  bekom- 
men  habcn,  nach  Tyrol  zu  gehen. 

Augsburg,  den  26.  Jan.  Es  wird  uberirtupt 
angemercket,  dais  die  auHuhrungdcrSaltzhurgi- 
fchen  Proteftanten  in  ihremthun  und  wefenfehr 
dberexn  kommt  mit  dem  Lcbcn  der  erilea  Chn- 
ften,  unter  den  HeydnKchen  Keyfera,  zu  zeiten 
der  Apoftcl.  Einige  unter  ihnen  haben  cin  Lied 
oder  Pfalm  gemacht  auf  dem  wege  da  fie  ihr 
Land  verlaJfen  muftent  und  fungen  es  tis  ihrem 
und  ihrer  GcfeiHchafit  u  oft  ;  cs  lautet  in  xhrcr 
SprachcaUb: 

I.  Icb  bin  ein  arr/ter  Extilavt  ; 

-Acb  !  So  tbu  ich  mtebjcbreibcn^ 
Man  tbtit  wKbaurdcmVaUrlatid^ 

Umb  Gottes  Won  vtrtreibtn. 
a.  Das  wsifs  f 

Es  ift  dtr  aucbfo  ga 
yctzf  wiU  icb  dtin  Nacbfolg  erfiyt?9 

Herr^  macbs  nacb  dem 

3.  Ein  Pilgrim  bin  icb  bait 
Mafs  rctfivfrcmbdcjtrjffin} 

Das  bin  icb  dicb,  mem  Gott  und  Birr, 
Dti  witft  wicb  uicbt  verlaffen. 

4.  Den  Glauben  bab  icb  frey  beksmit> 
Das  darfficb  iiiicb  nicbl  fibamei^ 

Waun  man  wicbgltich  em  Kerzer  uexnt* 
Und  that  mir$  leben  nebmen. 

5.  Kelt  en  und  Band  war  mirmein  Ebr, 
I]  in  yefus  will  en  ztt  did  den  , 

Und  diefss  tnacbt  die  Glattbens-tebr, 

Und  nicbt  mem  bSs  vtrftbttlden* 
<J.  Mftfs  icbgieicbfort^in  Gottcs  Nttbm% 


So  weifs  icbfchon  die  Himmeh  Krobn 
Werd  icb  ein  mabl  be  kommen. 

7.  So  tnafs  icb  lent  vox  meinen  Hartft 

Di*  &»*«n\m>ifsicb!aff^ 
Das    wcuHgc  5     J          M 

Mein  Gott^  es  treibt  wir  zabren 
Zit  wavdercx  frembde  Straj/in> 

8.  Mein  Gott  fxbr  mcb  in  etmn 
W<*  icb  dein  ffort  kan  balm* 

Datm  Mill  icb  micb  ftubcyi/id  ffatb 
Iu  meitteM  bsrtzcn  labcu. 


V.  Soil  icb  in  diefem  Jamnunbal 
Nocb  f anger  in  armutb  lebev. 

So  bofficb  docby  Got*  wird  mir  dorr 
Em  beflere  Wobuung  geben 

GROSS  BR1TT ANIEN. 

Nachdem  die  Friedcnsund  Kiiegs-afFairen  in 
Europe  cine  geraumc  zcit  her  auf  cinen  fcfcr 
wanckelbahrcn  fufs  geftanden,  und  man  einige 
Jahrc  allexeit  in  den  waf&n  ftehcnd  dcnen  Fri*- 
cienr-handlungen  obgclcgen,  fo  hat  doch  cndlich 
qcrKonig  von  Giof?  Buttanien,  durch  dca  ihm 
beywohncnden  Eiffer  das  befte  feine/  Umertha- 
ncn  t\i  bevotderen ,  die  letxte  hand  ans  we*ck 
gcfchlagcn,  und  dutch  cincii  Tia&aat ,  wekheu 
cr  den  id'.  Mertz  verwichenen  Jahies  zu  Wien 
rait  dem  Kcyfcr  gemachcr,  4en  Mriederf  und  die 
Runc^n  Europa  befcftiget-;  Z,u  diefem  Tra&aafc 
ift  Spanien-tmd  Holland,  aueh  gdtreten-:  Franc jt- 
fj^ch  allein  lebeinet  dariiber  (ehir  unverentfgt  ?,u 
fcyYi.  Und  ««il  der  JCeyfet  und  Engeland  (idk 
darinnen  verpfiichret  den  Infant  von  Spanieri  Dor. 
Carlof,  fls  Erb-prin^  tier  Hertiogthflmer  ToT- 
cana-cid  Parma  mit  6000  Maim  Spanifchc  TMU- 
fco  inltalicn  eiewftihrca;  foha;  diefem  zufol- 
gc  dcr  K(5nig  von  Engcland  cine  ECquader  uti- 
ter  dem  Admiral  Wager  narh  Baftelpna  gcfchi- 
-6ctf  fich  alda  TU  dcr  Sjranifchen  Fl6tte  zu  fflU 
gen  und  die  6000.  ^Spame*s  nach  Livorno  zu 
n-aiffpfirtirent  wctehe  IntfQdu&ion  auch.gliick- 
hch  vo<  fich  gegahgen,  und  anlals  gcgeben  zU 
ctacr  Anr«de  des  K^mgs  am  13.  Jan. an  die  tcy- 
•rfe  Hlaftr  dcs  Parloments,  welche' wir  wegen  en- 
gc  des  raums  aufeine  andeie  Geicgcnheit  verfpa* 
/en  wollcn. 

1  Lender,  den  19.  Jtx.  Vcrwkhenen  Mtttwoch  a- 
bends  um  9  uhr,  gab  der  Graff*  Bothmar ,  eriter 
Mimfter  der  Hajjnovenfchcn  aiFairen,  in  feinem 
Hauf?  in  S.  James  Park,  nach  ciner  lang  gewKhr- 
«cn  unpaiisHcljkeit,  dcr  2/eirlichkcit  guce  aacht, 
Er  hat  dber  zo .  Jahr  in  Engeland  gewohnct. 
SeirrLeichnam  foU<t  bnllhmiret,  nach  Hannover 
gcbracht  und  bey.  feincnVoreltern-^ur  Erdenbe- 
ihttet  wciden. 

Zow^den.;.  Feb.  -In  c'mem  Schreiben  von 
Barcelona  wird  gcmcldet,  dafs  vor  2  Tageti  an 
die  daiigen  Intendamer  ordrc  gckommcn,  cine 
Armec  vor)  ;ooco.  M  un  ferb'g  tu  halren,  und 
puthjge'anftahrca  rhachen,  dafs  felbige  den  ^5. 
Merii  ntfbft  alter  data  gchiii^cn  ArtHlerie  Irfin- 
'iic  eingclchiffct  werdcn  dcx:h  weifs  noch  nie- 
woraufdictesmochte  angefdien  feyn. 


PHILADELPHIA.  6,  Mey. 

Von  Martha's  Vineyard  hat  man,  dafs  die  vot  i| 
einiger  teit  allda  angekommene  Pfaltwr,  wcl- 
che  auf  ihrer  langen  reife  von  Rotterdam  fo  ubd  il 
find  behandett  worden,   mit  Capitain  Loyd  ace  I 
coxdiret  habcn  fit  hiehcr  tu  ftihren.,  \md  werdenJ 
nunmehro  tfglich  crwactct. 
-  VonEngcTand  wild  befcftiget,  dafs  dcr  Pro- 1 
prietor -dielen  Frdhliog  noch  hier  ankommen  wctt  i 
de,  auch  dafs  er  alsdanA^fbtgcods   dem  Ver- 1 
gleich  mir  My  lord  Baltimore  gefroifea,  die  Linic 
lauffcb  laiten  wolle. 

Am  vcTwichenen  Sonnrag  nachmittape  untet  -1 
wahrcndem  Gottesdienft  cmftund  hier  eio  hefitU 
gcr  bwntl  in  Mr  Badcocks  Bwdrhaufc.    Einje»l 
dec  lief  eilends  aus  der  Kirchen,  und  rand  fich 
eine  gioife  menge  Vokks  bey  dem  Eeucr,  doch  I 
konte  das  Geb&  nicht  errerter  werden,    Wenol 
ts  des  nachts  auscebiochcn.odcr  das  Waifer nicht 
eben  hoch  in  dem  eraben  gewcfen  wSre;  foltcjj 
ein  viel  gr&Tetcr  ichadc  daraos  Isaben  ko'npen  ' 
CMtftehen,  weii  tlio  Flamme  ichon  vetfchcidcdd 
anderc  HSufer  ergriffen.  Die  Brandfpru'fzen  tha-^ 
ten  bey  dicfer  Gelegwihcit  groflfe  dicnfte,  und  j*| 
derman  -war  willig  %u  helffen,  dergcitak,  dais  danj 
Wohnhauf$  noch ,   w icwohl  nicht  oh o e  ich*den, 
ift  ertettct  worden, 

VeigangeneWoGhe  hat  es  fich  bcg«ben,da&eJty 
i^e  Fratt>  wclche  einige  wit  savor  fehr  melancho- 
ifiTch  gcwefcn,  in  einem  Sloop  das  Rivier  hinab 
gefahren,  und  die  Gelegenheit  wahrgcnommen, 
wcnnniemand  in  der  Qbins^war,  eine  Flintegc-i 
nommen  und  an  den  fpringet  dcsHahnsein  ft  rick 
gebunden,  das  Miindloch  imter  dk  Bruft  |eftc^| 
let  und  fich  alfb  ferbft-erfchoflen,  dafs  det  Schull 
linten  ncben  der  Schuher  heriu5  gangen,  und  Mi 
wenige  ftunden  hertiach  daran  gettorben. 

Hier  fwd  nattfolgetiJe  Schifft  ehtgelauffen. 
Brig.  Warren,  Tho  Ratnfty?  von  Dublin. 
Snow  Lovely  Haonah,  JWiIcocks,von 
Sloop  Dove,  John  Rice,  von  South  Carolina* 
Sloop  Johns ,  Ahr  Hayes,  'von  North  Carolina 
Ship  Diamond,  Will.  Donaldfbn,  von  Briftol.  | 
Snow  Mary  Ann,  Lab  Pearce,  vonbv  Chriftophcx 

Preifs  founder  G&tet.  Weit«en  der  Bufchcl  a 
ichill.  6-  pence.  Fein  Mehl,  der  Centner  8  fch 
Mittel  Brod  12.  fch.   gemengt,  10.  fbh,    braun 
9  If  h.  Rum,  ein  Gallon  2.  fch.  4.  p.    Melaffe'i 
1 5.  p. 

B  E  KE  NT  M  A  C  H  U  N  G. 
rother  Kleber-Saamcn  vor  WAjj 

Ikhen  preifszttbekommen  bey  George  Fitzwater 
>  Ph/ladelphia. 


Gedruckt  bey  B. Franklin  in  dcr  Marck-ftrafs,  we 
^-citungen  zu  bekommen  und  Bckandtnvachungcn M  b  ftcllcn 


Philadelphische  Zeitung.  91 


PHILADELPHISCHE  ZEITUNG: 

THE  FIRST  GERMAN  NEWSPAPER  PUBLISHED  IN  AMERICA. 

In  the  PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE  for  October,  1900,  we 
gave  a  fac-simile  of  the  second  number  of  the  Philadelphische 
Zeitung,  published  by  Franklin, — the  first  newspaper  printed 
in  the  German  language  in  America, — and  we  now  take 
pleasure  in  reproducing  in  fac-simile  the  first  number,  issued 
on  May  6,  1732. 

The  editor,  Louis  Timothee,  announces  "  An  alle  teutsche 
Einwohner  der  Provintz  Pennsylvanien;"  that  at  the  solici- 
tation of  many  Germans  it  had  been  determined  to  publish 
a  German  newspaper  to  contain  the  most  important  and 
reliable  items  of  local  and  foreign  news,  shipping  news,  and 
reports  of  the  markets.  In  the  event  of  a  lack  of  news  at 
any  time,  a  history  of  the  founding  of  the  Province  and  its 
laws  would  be  printed. 

To  insure  success  to  the  enterprise  three  hundred  copies 
should  be  printed  and  sold,  and  to  accomplish  this,  agents  or 
canvassers  should  be  appointed  in  every  township.  Caspar 
Wistar,  in  Philadelphia,  or  Daniel  Mackinet,  in  Germantown, 
will  receive  subscriptions. 

The  enterprise,  for  lack  of  support,  proved  unsuccessful ; 
for  when  the  second  number  was  issued,  June  24,  1732,  it 
was  announced  that  under  fifty  subscriptions  had  been  se- 
cured. As  number  one  was  issued  as  a  specimen  copy,  at- 
tention  is  directed  to  the  difference  in  type  and  arrangement 
of  the  title  and  imprint  with  that  of  number  two ;  otherwise 
the  make-up  is  the  same. 


92     Patients  in  the  Marine  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  1784. 


LIST  OF  PATIENTS  ADMITTED  TO  AND  DISCHARGED 
FROM    THE   MARINE   HOSPITAL,    PHILADELPHIA, 

1784. 


TRANSCRIBED  FROM  THE  ORIGINAL  AT  HARRISBURG,  PENNSYLVANIA, 
BY   LUTHER   R.     KELKER. 


List  of  People  received  into  the  Marine  Hospital  out  of 
Sundry  Vessels  in  the  year  1784. 

Ship  Queen  of  France. 

Barnard  Maleen,  died  July  4. 
Brig  Frances. 

Catherine  Moore,  cured  and  discharged. 

Ann  McFadden,         "  « 

Eliz.  Osburne,  "  " 

Eobt.  King,  "  « 

Eleanor  McQuire        "  " 

Jno.  McKoble,  "  « 

Thos  Connelly,  «  « 

Owen  Boat,  "  " 

Dan1  Fitzgerald,         "  « 

Wm  Fallen,  « 

Hector  Dalton,  "  " 

Jno.  M°Cabe,  "  " 

Miles  Neal,  died  May  9. 
Ship  Etruria. 

Anastia  Pocowick,  cured  and  discharged. 

Christian  Calabria,     "  « 
Brig  Jane. 

Tho8  Mahool,  cured  and  discharged. 


Patients  in  the  Marine  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  1784.      93 

Ship  Providence. 

Eleanor  Haley,        cured  and  discharged. 

Jno.  Trainer,  "  « 

Morris  Conner,  "  « 

Dan1  Murphy,  "  " 

James  Baltor,  "  " 

Wm  Ailton,  «  « 

Jno.  Barry,  "  « 

Jno.  Lynch,  "  « 

Ed.  Moore,  "  " 

Denis  Driget,  "  " 

Mary  Moore,  "  " 

Eichd  Welsh,  « 

Eob*  Allen,  « 

Tho8  Coleston,  «  « 

Jno.  Sparin,  "  " 

Humphrey  Cohoon,  "  " 

Andrew  Cantler,  "  " 

Wm  Byron,  «  « 

Eleanor  Henesy,  "  " 

Jno.  Collier,  "  « 

James  Welsh,  "  " 

Denis  Hollard,  "  " 

James  Stapleton,  "  " 

Peter  Talbot,  «  « 

John  Calm,  "  " 

Margaret  Smith,  "  " 

John  Emerson,  "  " 

Jeremiah  Lynch,  "  " 

Wm  Pikleston,  "  « 

Daniel  Murphy,  "  " 

Morris  Conner,  u  " 

William  Ware,  "  " 

Geo.  Buckstone,  "  " 

Eichard  Welsh,  «  « 

Jno.  Dougherty,  "  " 

Eliz.  Ailton,  "  " 


, 
94      Patients  in  the  Marine  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  1784. 

Mary  Leeson,    cured  and  discharged. 

Denis  Hollard,     " 

William  Storr,     " 

Geo.  Buckstone,  "  " 

William  Moon,  died  June  10. 

Schooner  Polly. 

Philip  Prosser,  died  July  9. 

Ship  Sally. 

Jno.  Anderson,  died  July  19. 

Ship  Hankey. 

Chas.  Newman,      cured  and  discharged. 

James  Butler,  u  " 

Wm  Halfpenny,  " 

Benj.  Summerfield,  "  " 

Jno.  Galvin,  "  " 

Pat.  Reily,  "  " 

Eichd  Ruton,  "  " 

Sam1  Bennet,  "  " 

Martin  Tully,  «  « 

Jno.  Hackett,  "  " 

Wm  McMahon,  " 

Jno.  Summers,  "  " 

Jno.  Murphy,  "  " 

Cubbin  Kenam,  u  " 

James  Butler,  "  " 

Jno.  Sutton,  "  " 

Henry  Harris,  "  " 

Ann  Morris,  u  " 

Mary  Ennis,  u  " 

Margaret  Kenam,  "  " 

James  Quigley,  u  " 

James  Day,  "  « 

Jno.  Shanks,  "  " 

Pat.  Shannon,  "  « 

Pat.  Reily,  »  « 

Jno.  Welsh,  "  « 

Flary  Kenam,  "  « 


Patients  in  the  Marine  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  1784.      95 

Robt.  Beatty,  cured  and  discharged. 

Jno.  Belgar,       "  " 

Wm  McMahoon,  "  « 

"Wm  Halfpenny,  "  " 

Cameron,    "  " 

Jno.  Day,  "  « 

Pat.  Shannon,    "  « 

Jno.  Belgar,        "  « 

Wm  McMahoon,  ".  « 

N.  Kirkpatrick,  died  July  23rd. 
Schooner  Experiment. 

Andrew  Thunder,  died  September  7th. 
Brig1  William. 

Hugh  Karney,         cured  and  discharged. 

James  Fewal,  "  " 

William  Branson,      "  " 

"William  Young,         "  « 

Tho8  Lodin,  «  « 

Francis  Barriett,        "  " 

William  Carr,  "  " 

Daniel  Contry,  "  « 

Sarah  McGomery,       "  " 

Eliz.  Finley,  "  « 

James  Kenny,  "  " 

Mary  Murphy,  "  " 

Mary  McClaine,          "  « 

Mary  McKenny,         "  " 

Sarah  Sale,  "  " 

Francis  Richmond,    "  " 

Catherine  Murray,     "  " 

Rose  Graham,  "  " 

Edward  Shields,         "  " 

Pat.  Hicky, 

Pat.  Boylen, 

Pat.  McHan,  "  " 

Pat.  Kelly, 

Pat.  Todd, 


«  " 

«  « 


" 


» 
96      Patients  in  the  Marine  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  1784. 

Mack  Pews,  cured  and  discharged. 

Owen  Brady,  "  " 

Jno.  Rheagen,  "  " 

Richard  Kennedy,  "  " 

Robert  Johnston,  "  " 

John  Forsyth,  « 

Barney  Connel,  "  " 

Thomas  Whagen,  "  " 
Pat.  Byrnes, 

Feliz  Fitzsimons,  "  " 

Barney  Cameron,  "  " 

James  McGanty,  "  " 

Daniel  Hogan,  "  " 

Thomas  London,  "  " 

Barclay  Murphy,  "  " 

Isabell  Connelly,  "  " 

Isabell  Evans,  "  " 

Ann  Morrison,  "  " 

Jno.  Burnside,  "  " 

Pat.  Moore,  "  " 

Peter  Cain,  "  " 

Jno.  Caming,  "  « 

Els  Donokony,  "  « 

Cohburn  McKin,  "  « 

Peter  Kelly,  « 

Robt.  Johnston,  "  « 

William  Youn^,  "  « 

O  / 

Margaret  White,  "  « 

Francis  Richmond,    "  « 

William  Carr,  "  « 

Brig1  Fame. 

Barnett  S\^ler,      cured  and  discharged. 

Jno.  Tunks,  "  « 

James  Ellis,  "  « 

William  Brown,  "  « 

Brig.  P.  A.  [torn] . 

Charles,  a  Negro,  cured  and  discharged. 


Patients  in  the  Marine  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  1784..      97 

Ship  Faithful  Steward. 

Charles  Barr,  cured. 
Ship  Three  Brothers. 

Mary  Bell,  cured. 

Jane  Carlisle,  " 

Robt.  Gilber,  « 

Connelly  Leeper,  " 

Arthur  Crahen,  " 

Martha  Henry,  « 

Chris.  Buchanan,  " 
Buchanan,  " 

Jno.  Buchanan,  " 

James  Buchanan,  " 
Buchanan,  " 

Angus  Moore,  " 

Daniel  G-allaher,  « 
Ship  Congress. 

James  Halfpenny,  cured  and  discharged. 
Susannah  Murphy,    "  " 

James  Southerland,  "  « 

James  Ross,  «  « 

Jane  Coddin,  "  « 

William  McGee,  "  « 

James  Campbell,  "  « 

Agnes  Smith,  "  " 

Samuel  Smith,  "  " 

Eliza  Kagg,  "  « 

Felix  Kirk,  «  « 

Martha  Todd,  «  « 

Eleanor  Browne,  "  " 

Hugh  Dormis,  "  " 

William  Hockey,  "  « 

Mary  Waddle,  "  " 

Jno.  Fletcher,  "  " 

Thomas  Sherrin,  "  " 

Jos.  Farney,  "  « 

Sarah  Arthur,  "  " 

VOL.  xxvi. — 7 


98      Patients  in  the  Marine  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  1784.. 

Pheley  Keith,         cured  and  discharged. 

Thomas  Keith, 

Francis  Ethirington,  " 

Martha  Campbell,  " 

Ann  Morton, 

Ann  Widney, 

Henry  Lylly, 

Jno.  McElroy, 

Charles  Widney,  " 

John  Phillips, 

Pat.  Mackey,  " 

Edward  Sweeney,  "  " 

John  Magee,  " 

Sarah  Smith, 

Robert  Grayson,  "  " 

Robert  Grimes,  " 

James  McMullen,  "  " 

Oliver  O'Hara,  " 

James  Carr,  "  " 

Pat.  Kean, 

John  Morrow,  "  " 

Joseph  McGallagier,  "  " 

Pat.  Williams,  " 

William  Stewart,  "  " 

John  Spence,  "  " 

John  McGuire,  "  " 

William  Stewart,  "  " 

Margaret  Stewart,  "  " 

Barney  McCarney,  "  " 

William  Dempsey,  "  " 

Jno.  McGuire,  "  " 

Malcolm  McKain,  "  " 

Mary  McCroskin,  "  " 

James  McMullen,  "  " 

John  Collins,  "  " 

John  Hawthorn,  "  " 

James  McKeal,  "  " 


Patients  in  the  Marine  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  1784.      99 

James  Gallagher,  cured  and  discharged. 

Samuel  Steele,  "  " 

Thomas  Eakler,         "  « 

Charles  Dougherty,  "  « 

John  McGuire,  "  « 

Barney  McCarney,     "  « 

Dennis  Dougherty,    "  " 

James  McLaughlin,   "  « 

Pelick  London,          "  « 

John  H  [awkins  ?] ,    "  « 

Pat.  Landon,  "  «  • 

James  McLaughlin,   "  « 

Francis  Moore,  died. 

Isaac  Vincent,  " 

and  three  children,      " 
Ship  Hope. 

John  E-odgers,  cured. 

Thomas  Carborough,       " 

James  "Watson,  " 

Edward  Hart,  " 

Eliz.  McEntire,  « 

Margaret  Jones,  " 

Horatia  Garnett,  " 

John  Sprat,  " 

Neal  M°Daniel,  " 

Pat.  McGaggen,  " 

Michael  McDiff,  « 

Eliz.  Smith,  « 

Edward  Hollywood,          " 

Thomas  Templeton,          " 

Henry  Harding,  " 

Ann  Murphy,  " 

John  Eodgers,  died  Sept.  25. 

JSTegro  man,  died  Oct.  6. 

John  Campbell,  died. 
Ship  Gehemraaden. 

Margaret  Shields  and  child, 


100     Patients  in  the  Marine  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  1784-. 

Henry  Gordon, 
Peter  Wathoner, 
John  Keyer, 
Martin  Myrnick, 
Francis  Sevin, 
Paul  Keblett, 
Michael  Shea, 
John  Conoch, 

Albright  Medasser,  died  Oct.  24. 

Mr.  Nicholas  Fitzsimmons,  the  Steward  of  the  Hospital, 
diedJJune  4th. 

Cured  and  discharged,  260 
Died,  16 

276  Total. 

JOHN  JONES, 

Health  Officer. 


Memoirs  of  Brigadier- General  John  Lacey,  of  Penna.     101 


MEMOIES    OF    BBIGADIEK-GENEKAL    JOHN    LACEY, 
OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  XXV.  page  515.) 

Gen1  Washington  having  collected  his  scattered  Troops 
made  a  Dash  on  the  Enemy  at  Trenton,  after  the  Capture 
of  the  Hessions  there,  and  giving  Gen1  How  the  slip,  the 
detail  of  which  Manuvre  is  already  before  the  Public,  by 
this  masterly  stroke  the  Enemy  was  made  to  retire  from 
the  Banks  of  the  Delaware,  and  remained  quiet  at  Bruns- 
wick in  the  State  of  New  Jersey  untill  the  opening  of  the 
Campaign  the  insuing  summer.  On  his  leaving  our  Neigh- 
bourhood the  tranquility  and  fearfull  apprehentions  of  the 
People  were  allayed ;  but  I  soon  discovered  a  radical  change 
had  taken  place  in  the  Political  sentiments  of  my  Neigh- 
bours and  acquaintances,  during  my  Absence.  A  sullen 
vindictive  and  malignant  spirit  seme  to  have  taken  hold  of  a 
large  portion  of  the  People  in  this  County,  whose  Hostility  to 
the  Revolution  was  too  apparent  not  to  be  noticed,  and  semed 
only  waiting  a  good  opertunity  to  brake  forth  openly  in  fa- 
vour of  England,  and  against  their  own  Country — Threats 
and  meanances  where  used  by  them,  when  in  Company  of 
those  they  dare  to  use  them.  Happy  for  the  Whigs,  how- 
ever, the  Tories  were  a  set  of  Paltroons  and  Cowards,  afraid 
Openly  to  espouse  their  Cause,  and  declare  themselves. 
While  the  Whigs  on  the  other  hand  acted  Openly,  avowed 
their  intentions,  and  determination  to  live  free  &  Indepen- 
dent or  die  gloriously  in  the  struggle  fighting  for  their 
Country.  The  Tories  sneekingly  continued  to  Act  under 
Cover,  giving  secret  information,  when  ever  they  could  to 
the  British,  rediculing  the  American  Officers,  and  using 
every  means  they  could  invent  to  discourage  the  Whigs — 
and  disswaid  them  from  joining  the  American  army — or 


102     Memoirs  of  Brigadier- General  John  Lacey,  of  Penna. 

Militia In  Bucks  County  it  was  hard  to  say  which  party 

was  the  most  numerous — a  great  part  of  the  disaffected 
were  persons  Who  made  a  Plea  of  Consience  in  refusing 
to  bear  arms — this  was  a  deadly  blow  to  the  Party — &  this 
cause  more  than  any  other  gave  a  strong  preponderance  in 
favour  of  the  Revolution,  untill  the  active  and  unseasing 
persiveriance  of  the  Whigs,  carryed  all  before  them  and 
bore  down  all  opposition  by  their  sturdyness  and  firm  persi- 
verance  in  favour  of  the  Revolution.  The  change  of  Pol- 
liticks,  and  principles,  when  I  left  the  country  with  my 
company,  all  was  peace  and  harmony  among  the  People  in 
the  neighbourhood  on  my  return  they  appeared  all  hostile 
to  each  other,  Whig  &  Tory  in  a  state  little  better  than 
open  Enemies,  they  were  Worse,  especially  the  Tories,  for 
they  were  secretly  doing  the  Wigs  all  the  harm  they  could 
possibly  do — Traducing,  villifying  and  in  all  ways  and 
means  committing  hidden  acts  to  weaken  the  americans 
cause,  and  applauding  the  British,  representing  the  Power 
of  Great  Britton  to  be  Omnipotent — and  that  it  was  the 
highth  of  madness  &  folly  to  oppose  her,  thus  throwing 
every  Clog  in  the  Way  that  lay  in  their  power.  I  almost 
begun  to  doubt  whither  I  had  not  mistaken  my  Native 
Country,  for  that  of  an  Enemies — The  Hostility  of  the 
Tories  was  so  great  to  Indipendance,  that  nothing  but 
cowardice  alone  prevented  their  Taking  up  arms  and  openly 
declaring  themselves  in  favour  of  and  joining  the  British 
Army.  They  actually  did  every  thing  they  dare  do,  by  en- 
couraging the  youth  to  go  over  and  join  the  British,  and 
Actually  did  send  many  to  them.  The  Legislature  under 
the  New  Constitution  were  Sitting  in  Philada — and  were 
progressing  in  Acts  to  Organize  the  Government — They  had 
a  New  Militia  Law  to  make,  which  they  passed  on  the  17th 
of  March  A.D.  1777.  It  was  requisite  the  People  should 
be  Armed,  organized  and  put  in  readiness  as  soon  as  possi- 
ble to  be  ready  to  oppose  the  progress  of  the  Enemy  the 
Next  Campaign,  Who  it  was  expected,  would  make  great 
efforts  to  overrun  the  Country  and  take  possession  of  Philad* 


Memoirs  of  Brigadier-General  John  Lacey,  of  Penna.     103 

—It  was  highly  important  this  Act  should  go  into  operation 
immediately.  I  was  applyed  to  by  my  Uncle  Wilkinson  one 
of  the  Members  of  Assembly  from  Bucks  County,  to  Ac- 
cept the  Commission  of  sub  Lieutenant  for  the  County 

In  order  to  fasilitate  the  operation  of  this  Law — The  Leg- 
islature had  provided  in  it — the  establishment  of  a  kind 
of  Civil  and  Military  Trybunal  under  officers  called — L* 
Lieutenant — and  Sub  Lieutenants  in  each  County — With  the 

of  Colo1  and  Lieu*  Colonels — Who  were  to  hold  Courts 

to  Class  and  district  the  Millitia  and  to  organize  them  into 
Regiments  and  Companies,  hold  the  Elections  for  Officers — 
and  to  call  out  the  Classes,  find  Substitutes  in  place  of  De- 
linquents— To  assess  or  cause  the  Assessments  on  Delin- 
quents to  be  collected  and  paid  into  the  State  Treasury— with 
other  extensive  Powers  enumerated  in  the  Law.  I  agreed 
to  Accept  the  appointment.  Joseph  Kirkbride  Esq  one  of 
the  members  of  Assembly  from  this  county  was  appointed 
the  Lieut — John  Gill,  myself — Sam1  Smith  and  Andrew 
Keichline  were  chosen  the  sub  Lieut8 — My  Commission 
dated  22  Day  of  March  1777.  We  were  summoned  to 
meet  by  the  Lieut  Colo1  Kirkbride  at  New  Town  to  enter  upon 
the  Functions  of  our  Office.  Having  seen  some  service  and 
knowing  More  of  Military  matters  than  any  of  my  brethren 
in  office.  I  became  a  very  active  and  useful  Member.  We 
immediately  commenced  in  our  duty — Appointed  persons  in 
each  Township  in  the  County  to  take  the  names  of  all  Male 
White  inhabitants  between  the  Ages  of  Eighteen  and  fifty 
three,  with  orders  to  make  returns  to  us  on  a  sertain  Day 
named  in  their  order  to  which  time  we  adjoined;  The 
Persons  so  employed  being  urged  to  make  all  possible  dis- 
patch, executed  their  orders,  with  punctual  exactness,  when 
we  proceeded  to  divide  the  County  into  five  Districts — allot- 
ing  each  districts  to  Compose  one  Regimt — each  Regiment  to 
be  commanded  by  One  Colo.  Lieut  Col  and  one  Major.  To 
be  divided  into  Eight  Companies  each  Company  to  be  com- 
manded by  One  Capt  one  Lieut — and  one  Ensign — Elections 
were  held  and  the  officers  Chosen,  with  such  Hasitity  that 


104     Memoirs  of  Brigadier- General  John  Lacey,  of  Penna. 

on  my  being  sent  with  the  returns  of  the  Names  of  the 
Officers  Chosen,  to  the  Executive  Council  in  Philad*  I  was 
Complimented  by  them  on  being  the  First  of  the  Counties 
who  had  made  returns  of  their  Elections  of  Officers.  John 
Armstrong  Esqr  of  Cumberland  County  was  Appointed  by 
the  Executive  Council  a  Major  Gen1  he  had  been  a  Colo1 
last  French  and  Indian  War  where  he  served  with  Reputa- 
tion, he  was  now  an  Old  Man,  but  stood  high  as  a  Friend  to 
the  Independence  and  Liberty  of  his  Country,  and  in  private 
life  of  unblemished  Character.  John  Cadwallader  Sam1 
Merridith  and  James  Potter  Esqrs  were  appointed  Brigadier 
Gen? — These  were  doubtless  all  good  appointments,  except- 
ing Merridith  Who  was  quite  an  unmilitary  Character  his 
declining  to  accept  the  appointment  was  no  detriment  to  the 
service — Cadwallader's  rejection  was  seriously  to  be  re- 
gretted, he  was  an  Active,  enterprising  and  spirited  Man ; 
but  unfortunately  these  two  Men  had  leaged  themselves  with 
the  party  hostile  to  the  New  Constitution,  determined  to 
oppose  all  measures  used  to  carry  it  into  operation — Their 
enmity  to  it  was  so  great,  they  intirely  overlooked  the  fatal 
effects  their  opposition  might  produce  in  distroying  the 
general  Cause  of  Independence,  by  their  disorganization, 
and  imbarisment,  they  would  give  the  Goverment  very  un- 
wisely Judging  this  to  be  the  proper  time  to  reform,  the 
Constitution,  while  the  Enemy  was  at  our  Gates — indeed 
Among  us,  within  Our  Doors,  for  we  had  a  formadable 
Enemy  in  the  numerous  Tories  in  the  City  and  Philada  and 
Bucks  Counties  who  ketched  at  this  opposition,  and  fand 
the  Flame  they  had  seen  so  Auspiciously  began  Among  the 
Wigs  themselves  as  they  conceived,  and  which  they  hailed 
as  a  happy  Omen  of  their  sertain  tryumph  and  victory.— 

Many  of  the  First  Characters  in  the  State,  out  of  a  dislike 
of  some  of  the  Sections  of  this  Constitution,  on  account  of 
giving  too  Much  Power  to  the  Legislature,  it  having  but  one 
Branch,  and  on  the  whole  being  too  loose  and  Democratic— 
exhited  a  most  formadable  opposition  by  those  who  called 
themselves  the  Nobility  and  better  sort  of  the  People. 


Memoirs  of  Brigadier- General  John  Lacey,  of  Penna.     105 

The  Militia  of  the  District  in  which  I  lived  chose  me 
Lieut  Colo1  which  I  Accepted — this  appointment  not  inter- 
fering with  my  other  Commission  as  Sub  Lieut.  I  con- 
tinued to  act  in  both  capasities — The  Commission  of  Lieut 
Colo1  was  dated  the  sixth  day  of  May  1777 — several  drafts 
were  made  from  the  Militia  to  join  the  Main  Army  under 
Genl  Washington  to  oppose  the  Enemy  who  had  landed  at 
the  Head  of  Elk  in  the  State  of  Maryland  and  were  ad- 
vancing through  the  State  of  Dalaware  arrived  at  the 
Brandawine — Where  a  decisive  engagement  of  the  two 
armies  obliged  Genl  Washington  to  retire  with  his  flying 
Troops  to  the  East  Bank  of  the  Schoolkill — The  enemy 
following — crossed  the  schoolkill  and  entered  the  City  of 
Philada  without  farther  opposition, — Genl  Washington  hav- 
ing taken  a  strong  position  in  the  upper  end  of  Philada 
County  made  no  effort  to  stop  the  advance  of  the  Enemy 
to  the  City — Genl  Howe  having  placed  a  part  of  his  Troops 
on  the  Hights  of  Germantown  a  village  about  5  Miles  from 
the  City.  Genl  Washington  conceiving  this  a  favourable 
object  put  his  troops  in  Motion  and  made  a  vigerous  attack 
on  the  Enemy  who  were  unapprised  of  his  movements  untill 
their  Sentries  hailed  the  advanced  Colloms  of  our  Troops — 
WTio  rushed  forward  drove  the  Enemy  on  all  Quarters  and 
took  possession  of  their  Camp — this  would  have  been  a  de- 
cisive day  in  favour  of  america — had  not  the  american 
Troops  halted  to  dislodge  a  few  of  the  Enemy  who  had 
taken  shelter  in  a  large  stone  House  belonging  to  Benj 
Chew — which  so  retarded  their  progress  the  Enemy  had 
time  to  Eally  and  being  supported  by  fresh  Troops  from  the 
City — The  American  army  were  stoped  in  their  persuit — 
broaken  parties  coming  up  in  persuit  of  the  flying  Enemy 
to  the  new  formed  line  of  the  British  troops  were  unable  to 
force  them  a  second  time,  had  to  fall  back,  the  Enemy 
taking  advantage  of  their  disorder  advanced— the  American 
Troops  not  being  able  to  form  were  pushed  back  in  turn, 
the  Gen1  finding  the  Day  lost  ordered  a  retreat  which  was 
done  in  Tollorable  order — thus  ended  an  affare  that  on  the 


, 
106     Memoirs  of  Brigadier- General  John  Lacey,  of  Penna. 

onset  promised  so  fair  and  which  we  had  every  assurance  to 
believe,  had  it  not  been  for  the  stoppage  at  Chews  House 
would  have  been  a  Compleat  victory ;  but  he  that  holds  the 
distinies  of  Battles  and  events  in  his  own  hands,  had  decreed 
it  should  be  otherwise.  After  this  the  Enemy  retired  to  the 
City  and  Genl  Washington  encamped  in  a  very  advantagaus 
position  on  the  Hights  of  White  Marsh.  Altho  I  had  no 
Command  at  this  time  I  was  with  the  Militia  in  the  above 
affare — They  were  posted  on  the  right  of  the  American 
Army  with  orders  to  turn  the  Enemies  left — before  they 
came  to  the  place  alloted  them  the  Enemy  were  gone,  and 
their  New  line  was  formed  so  far  to  the  left  I  saw  their  was 
little  likelyhood  of  their  coming  into  contact  with  them. 
I  rode  forward  to  where  the  Main  Army  was  engaged  and 
had  an  opertunity  of  seeing  the  manner  in  which  the  affare 
was  conducted — We  had  full  possession  of  the  Enemies 
Camp  which  was  on  fire  in  many  places  Dead  and  Wounded 
Men  laying  strewed  about  on  all  Quarters — When  the  Order 
for  Retreat  came  the  American  Troops  were  in  much  dis- 
order those  in  front  who  had  been  driven  back  by  the 
Enemy  falling  on  those  in  the  Rear  increased  the  Confusion, 
It  was  impossible  to  form  Troops  in  such  order  as  to  oppose 
the  advancing  Enemy  a  general  retreat  was  inevitably  neces- 
sary to  save  the  American  Army  from  a  general  rout. 

The  affare  of  Chews  House,  was  not,  in  my  mind,  the 
only  cause  for  the  loss  of  this  Battle,  their  were  others  equally 
important.  Genl  Greens  Division  composing  the  left  wing 
of  the  Armey,  was  either  led  astray  by  their  Guide,  or  mis- 
took their  way,  wandered  so  far  to  the  left,  they  never  came 
into  the  action — the  right  wing  composed  of  the  Pennsy* 
Militia  of  about  four  thousand — in  like  manner  being  so  far 
to  the  right,  neither  of  which,  I  have  ever  been  able  to  learn 
saw  the  Enemy  that  Day.  Had  they  equally  acted  their 
part  with  that  of  the  Senter,  commanded  in  person  by  Genl 
Washington  and  pushed  the  Enemies  flanks  with  spirit  and 
alairity,  as  they  ought  to  have  done — they  must  have  been 
prevented  of  forming  a  second  line,  as  they  did  without 


Memoirs  of  Brigadier- General  John  Lacey,  of  Penna.     107 

opposition,  and  after  rallying  having  none  to  contend  with 
but  the  senter  Division  of  the  American  Armey  and  only 
part  of  that,  the  other  having  halted  at  Chews  House — Those 
who  did  advance  in  persuit  of  the  flying  enemy  being  broken 
and  out  of  Order,  were  unable  to  make  any  impression  on 
the  Enemy,  thus  drawn  up  in  Order,  soon  gave  way — The 
fate  of  the  Day  so  favourable  to  the  American  Arms  on 
the  onset  instantly  changed  sides.  Genl  Washington  per- 
sieving  the  Day  lost,  gave  a  general  order  for  retreat. — 

The  time  of  the  Militia  from  Bucks  County  was  up  the 
last  of  Oct.  Others  were  Ordered  by  the  Executive  Council 
to  be  ready  to  releave  them.  They  were  required  by  the 
Lieutenants  to  rendesvous  at  New  Town — their  not  being  a 
Collo18  Command,  and  altho,  it  was  not  my  Toor  according 
to  rotation,  the  Lieut  Cornal  whose  duty  it  was  to  go,  con- 
sented for  me  to  take  his  place.  Having  collected  the  Men 
principly  substitutes  between  three  or  four  Hundred,  left 
New  Town  and  joined  Genl  Potter's  Brigade  at  White 
Marsh  the  begining  of  the  Month  of  November,  not  long 
after  Our  arrival  the  British  Armey  advanced  from  the  City 
and  took  post  on  Chestnut  Hill,  the  two  Armies  being  in 
sight  of  each  other :  frequent  reincountres  insued  between 
the  advanced  Parties,  in  one  of  which  Genl.  Ervine  Com- 
manding a  Brigade  of  the  Pennsya  Militia  was  Wounded 
and  taken  prisoner — my  regiment  was  in  several  of  those 
combats — in  attacking  and  driving  in  the  Enemies  Picquets, 
who  being  reinforced,  we  were  driven  in  turn,  thus  alter- 
nately advancing  and  retreating  schrimminsing  was  kep  up 
for  several  Days,  a  general  engagement  was  daily  expected. 
The  Enemy  after  reconitering,  and  examining  the  Ameri- 
can Armey,  finding  them  so  strong  and  well  posted  declined 
the  Combat  and  retired  to  the  City.  After  which  Genl 
Potters  Brigade  was  ordered  to  take  post  on  the  West  side 
of  the  schoolkill  we  passed  over  at  a  Ford  a  few  miles 
below  the  Sweeds  Ford  and  encamped  about  three  Miles 
from  the  Gulf  Mills  on  the  Main  Road  leading  from  thence 
to  Philada.  Next  morning  the  Day  of  about 


108     Memoirs  of  Brigadier- General  John  Lacey,  of  Penna. 

day  brake  we  were  alarmed  by  Colo1  Edward  Heston  that 
the  British  were  advancing  up  the  Gulf  Road — My  Regi- 
ment was  posted  with  its  right  to  the  Main  road,  on  an 
Ememance,  two  other  regiments,  one  on  my  left  the  Other 
on  the  right  the   remainder  of  the   Brigade   was   drawn 
off  by  Gen1   Potter  and  posted  on  a   hight   about  half  a 
mile  in  our  rear,  to  cover  our  retreat,     on  the  Enemies  ap- 
pearance, about  two  Hundred  Yards  in  Our  Front  I  ordered 
my  men  to  commence  firing,  which  was  continued  for  three 
rounds,  when  the  Enemy  opened  a  Battery  of  Cannon  with 
a  discharge  of  small  arms  we  however  stood  our  ground, 
the  men  not  offering  to  give  Way  untill  I  saw  the  Enemy 
advancing  on  Our  Flanks  both  the  Regiments  to  my  left  as 
well  as  on  my  right  gave  way  and  retired  on  the  first  Fire, 
left  us  exposed  on  both  fianks,  I  ordered  a  retreat — three 
or  four  Men  were  cut  down  by  the  fire  of  the  Enemy  whose 
Bodies  left — we  retired  into  a  Hollow — observing  the  Can- 
non Balls  fired  by  the  Enemy  pass  over  our  Heads  cutting 
the  Tops  of  the  trees  and  striking  the  rising  ground  in  our 
front — the  ground  on  which  we  were  first  formed  and  for 
some  distance  back  being  Woods — I  ordered  the  Men  to 
Halt  a  few  Moments  untill  the  Enemy  seased  firing — when 
we  passed  the  line  formed  in  Our  Rear  by  Gen1  Potter  and 
took  post  a  few  Hundred  yards  in  their  rear  to  cover  their 
retreat.     The  Enemy  were  soon  up  to  the  second  line  which 
stood  but  one  fire  before  they  broak  and  fell  back  upon  us. 
I  tryed,  as  well  as  Potter  and  many  of  the  other  officers  to 
rally  them  but  in  vain— the  Enemy  advancing  we  gave  them 
a  fire  or  two  when  a  Genl.  rout  insued — every  one  making 
the  best  of  his  way — many  of  the  men  threw  away  their 
guns,  that  they  might  be  less  cumbered  in  running — I  was 
among  the  Rear,  and  having  in  attempting  to  rally  the  Men 
got  some  distance  from  the  Road— came  to  a  fence  which  I 
got  my  Horse  over  without  much  difficulty;  but  on  coming 
to  a  second  fence  after  passing  over  a  field,  it  being  one  side 
of  a  lane  leading  from  the  schoolkill  to  the  Gulf  road  and 
stout.     I  called  to  the  men  who  were  passing  over  it  to  throw 


Memoirs  of  Brigadier- General  John  Lacey,  of  Penna.     109 

off  a  rider,  all  being  in  such  a  hurry  thought  of  nothing 
but  self  preservation,  took  no  notice  but  left  me  to  get  over 
as  well  as  I  could.     Twice  did  I  run  my  Horse  against  the 
Fence  without  effect,  on  the  third  effort  it  gave  way,  I  found 
myself  in  a  lane  rode  full  speed  to  the  Main  Road  about 
two  Hundred  Yards  on  entering  which  I  discovered  a  Collom 
of  the  Enemies  Horse  on  the  top  of  the  Hill  about  fifty 
yards  from  me,  they  called  to  surrender.     I  halted ;  but  on 
casting  my  Eyes  down  the  Eoad  saw  our  flying  Troops 
about  two  hundred  yards  below — by  a  mere  machanical 
movement  without  time  to  think  I  clapt  spurs  to  my  Horse 
and  laying  flat  upon  his  weathen  went  full  speed  after  them 
— The  Enemy  fired  their  Pistols  or  Carbines  at  me. — I  heard 
the  Bullets  wish  by  me.     Two  Dragoons  persued  me,  finding 
them  gaining  upon  me  on  coming  up  with  the  hindmost 
troops,   I   ordered  them   to   turn   about  and  fire,  several 
Muskets  were  discharged,  as  the  men  ran — by  firing  off 
their  sholders  without  stoping  or  turning  about — conceiving 
myself  in  more  danger  by  this  mode  of  firing  from  my  own 
men  than  the  Enemy  called  upon  them  to  seace  firing  or 
they  would  shoot  me.     On  my  gaining  the  rear  of  the  re- 
treating Troops  one  of  the  Troopers  took  up  his  Horse,  the 
other  being  a  Horse  of  too  much  mettle  refused  to  yield  to 
his  rider,  dashed  among  the  men  and  were  both  shot  down 
togeather.     The  event  was  so  sudden,  and  instantanious,  it 
was   impossible   to   save  either  man  or  Horse,  more  than 
twenty  guns  being  discharged  at  them  on  the  same  moment, 
we  passed  the  Gulf  Mills,  came  to  the  s weeds  Ford  where 
we  found  Genl.  Washington  with  the  american  army.     Who 
had  left  White  Marsh  were  on  their  Way  to  the  Valley  Forge 
on  the  West  side  of  the  schoolkill  to  take  up  their  Winter 
Quarters.     Genl.  Washington  in  his  Orders  next  Day  re- 
turned my  Regiment  his  thanks  for  their  Conduct  in  the 
late  reincountre  with  the  Enemy.     On  the  returns  from  the 
Captains  our  loss  was  one  Officer  and  seventeen  Privates 
missing,     what  part  were  killed  Wounded  or  taken  prisoners 
could  not  be  assertained.     we  were  again  Ordered  to  take 


110     Memoirs  of  Brigadier- General  John  Lacey,  of  Penna. 

post  on  the  West  side  of  the  Schoolkill.  The  main  army 
passed  on  to  the  Valley  Forge,  erected  Log  Huts  in  regular 
Order  of  an  encampment,  the  Ground  heing  covered  with 
Timber.  Genl.  Potter  ordered  a  General  Court  Martial  of 
which  I  was  appointed  the  Judge  advocate,  for  the  tryal  of 
those  men  who  had  thrown  away  their  arms  in  the  late  re- 
treat from  the  Enemy,  several  were  found  guilty  of  throw- 
ing away  their  muskets  Cartouch  Boxes  knapsack,  some 
Ordered  to  pay  for  them  and  others  adjudged  to  be  Pub- 
lickly  Whiped  I  was  not  a  little  grattifyed  to  find,  not  a 
single  Gun,  knapsack  Cartouch  Box  or  Blanket  missing  in 
my  Kegiment,  which  was  highly  Honourable  to  them.  Genl. 
Potter  ordered  the  sentence  of  the  Court  to  be  put  in  Execu- 
tion, and  several  Men  were  actually  whiped,  from  fifteen  to 
thirty  lashes  which  caused  much  murmuring  among  the 
Militia  the  General  was  highly  s ensured  for  it,  the  Men 
became  so  exasperated  I  really  dreaded  a  mutiny  but  the 
Brigade  being  Ordered  to  join  the  other  part  of  the  Militia, 
under  the  Command  of  Genl.  Armstrong  at  North  "Wales — 
the  men  became  tranquil  and  passifyed.  The  following  ex- 
tract of  a  letter  to  me  from  Genl.  Armstrong  will  give  a 
better  Idea  of  what  effect  the  severity  of  this  Discipline  had 
on  the  minds  of  the  People,  whose  friends  were  sufferers  by 
the  Judgement  of  the  aforesd  Court  Martial  inflicted  by  Order 
of  Genl.  Potter. 

CARLISLE  28th  Jany  1778 
DEAR  COLOL 

The  Bearers  time  will  only  admit  me  to  tell  you  that  a 
great  deal  of  heat  and  publick  clamour  hath  gone  abroad 
against  Genl.  Potter  and  the  Members  of  a  Certain  Court 
Martial  held  by  his  Orders,  the  sentence  of  which  they  say 
was  to  punish  with  whiping  &  also  paying  for  the  Arms 
thrown  away,  which  they  consider  as  a  double  Punishment 
for  one  offence.  In  this  peice  of  discipline  its  like  some 
persons  where  Whiped  who  in  other  respects  had  been  well 
behaved,  and  when  at  home  are  Creditable  People  I  am 
persuaded  on  the  other  hand  that  the  whole  matter  is  not 


Memoirs  of  Brigadier-General  John  Lacey,  of  Penna.     Ill 

fairly  stated,  and  really  concerned  that  the  thing  happened, 
which  is  still  the  more  disagreeable  as  their  is  not  a  full 
oppertunity  of  obviating  the  Peoples  objections,  they  being 
so  far  detached  from  one  another — That  instance  of  disci- 
pline was  no  doubt  too  high ;  but,  .however  some  of  them 
might  have  fully  deserved  it,  a  necessary  policy  was  against 
it,  and  it  grieves  me  that  an  Officer  possessed  of  many  good 
Qualities  as  Genl  Potter  is,  should  have  such  a  Clamour 
raised  against  him  on  this  occasion,  as  it  is  cheifly  Western 
People  who  have  been  offended,  thears  no  mention  made 
of  you,  so  that  I  suppose  you  will  escape  the  Censure. 
I  am  Dear  Colo1  your  Affectionate 
Servt 

JOHN  ARMSTRONG 
COLLN    LACEY. 

(To  be  continued.) 


' 
112     Extracts  from  the  Journal  of  Charles  Clinton,  1729. 


EXTEACTS  FKOM  THE  JOUENAL  OF  CHAELES  CLIN- 
TON, KEPT  DUEING  THE  VOYAGE  FEOM  IEELAND 
TO  PENNSYLYANIA,  1729. 

CONTRIBUTED    BY   CHARLES   H.    BROWNING. 

[In  the  New  York  State  Library  at  Albany  will  be  found  a  few  leaves 
of  the  journal  of  Charles  Clinton,  kept  during  his  voyage  on  the  ship 
"George  and  Ann,"  bound  from  Ireland  to  Pennsylvania,  May  9  to 
October  4,  1729.  Some  terribly  contagious  disease  must  have  broken 
out  on  the  ship  and  become  epidemic,  for  he  records  one  hundred  deaths 
of  men,  women,  and  children  as  having  occurred  in  about  four  months 
at  sea.  The  distress  of  these  Pennsylvania  emigrants  can  hardly  be  im- 
agined. However  grewsome  reading  the  death-list  is,  it  may  be  genea- 
logically useful.] 

A  Journal  of  my  Voyage  and  Travels  from  the  County  of 
Longford,  in  the  Kingdom  of  Ireland  to  Pensilvania  in  America, 
Anno  Dom°  1729. 

I  took  my  Journey  from  the  county  Longford  on  friday 
the  9th  day  of  May.  Came  to  Dublin  ye  12th  do.  Entered 
on  ship  Board  the  ship  call'd  the  George  and  Ann  ye  18th, 
sett  sail  the  20th,  came  to  anchor  at  Glanarm  on  the  24th, 
where  Matt.  McClawghry  and  his  wife  and  2  of  his  family 
went  on  shoar  and  quit  their  voyage.  Sett  sail  from 
Glanarm  on  ye  25th,  and  came  to  anchor  at  Green  Castle 
in  the  Lough  of  derry  the  26th,  where  we  stay'd  till  ye 
29th,  then  sett  sail  in  company  with  the  John  of  Dublin 
bound  for  New  Castle  in  the  same  country.  .  .  .  June 
ya  2d,  we  had  a  fair  breese  for  our  westerly  course.  .  .  . 
A  Return  of  the  pr'sons  that  Died  on  board  ye  George  and 
Ann. 


Extracts  from  the  Journal  of  Charles  Clinton,  1729.     113 

James  Wilson's  child,  James  McDowel's  child, 

a  serv*  of  Mr.  Cruise's,  a  child  of  James  Thompson's, 

another  serv*  of  his,  a  child  of  John  Brook's, 

another  serv*  of  his,   .  a  child  of  James  Majore's, 

a  child  of  James  Thompson's,  a  child  of  Eobert  Frazer's, 

a  child  of  Thorn.  Delap's,  a  serv*  of  Cruice's, 

a  child  of  John  Beatty's,  a  child  of  John  Brook's, 

a  girle  of  Kobt.  Frazer's,  a  child  of  Alex.  Mitchel's, 

a  son  of  James  Majore's,  Rob*  Todd, 

a  son  of  James  M°Dowel's,  a  serv*  of  Cruice's, 

another  serv*  of  Cruice's,  a  child  of  Walter  Davis, 

John  Darke,  Thorn8  Cowan, 

John  McCay,  a  son  of  Robert  Frazer's, 

a  son  of  Chris  Beatty,  another  son  of  his, 

a  Brother  of  Will,  hamilton's,  will  gray, 
my  own  Daughter  (at  night)  on  2  of  August, 

a  child  of  James  Majore's,  a  Daughter  of  widdow  hamilton, 

James  Majore's  wife,  Thorn,  delap's  wife, 

Alexr  Mitchel,  a  child  of  James  Thompson's, 

Walter  Davis  his  wife,  Widdow  Hamilton, 

Rob*  Gray,  a  child  of  widdow  hamilton's, 

Walter  Davis,  Jane  Armstrong, 

a  child  of  Jam.  Majore's,  another  serv*  of  Cruise's, 
William  Gordon,  M°Cutchan, 

my  son  James  on  ye  28th  of  August  1729  at  7  in  ye  morn, 

a  son  of  James  Majore's,  a  brother  of  Andw  McDowell's, 
Two  daughters  of  James  McDowelPs,  Robert  Frazer, 

a  daughter  of  Walter  Davis' s,  Will  Hamilton, 
Patt  McCann  serv*  to  Tho  Armstrong, 
James  Green  serv*  to  Alex.  Mitchell, 

widdow  Gordon's  Daughter,  Fran.  Nicholson, 
James  Morray  died  Thursday  11th  of  Sr 

a  serv*  of  Mr.  Cruise's,  a  son  of  John  Beatty's, 

a  sister  of  Andw  McDow ell's,  Margery  Armstrong, 

a  daughter  of  John  Beatty's,  a  serv*  of  Mr.  Cruise's, 

two  of  Mr.  Cruise's  men  servt3,  James  Brown, 

James  Thompson's  wife,  Two  of  John  Beatty's  children, 

a  Daughter  of  James  M°DowelFs,  a  Daughter  of  Thorn.  Delap's, 

a  serv*  of  Mr.  Cruise's,  a  child  of  widdow  Mitchell's, 

John  Oliver's  wife,  James  Majore's  eldest  Daughter, 

John  Crook,  a  sailor,  Jos.  Stafford, 

John  McDowell,  John  Beatty, 

and*  M°DowelPs  sister,  James  Wilson's  wife, 

James  McDo well's  wife,  John  Beatty's  wife, 
VOL.  XXVI. — 8 


J 
114     Extracts  from  the  Journal  of  Charles  Clinton,  1729. 

^ 

Sarah  Hamilton  will  Hamilton's  sister, 

Thorn.  Armstrong  died  monday  ye  29th  of  7br, 

Isabella  Johnston,  Edwd  Norris, 

Marg*  McClaughry,  widdow  Frazer's  daughter, 

And*  McDowell's  brother,  Jos.  McClaughry, 

Mattw  McClaughry,  James  Barkley, 

a  young  sister  of  Andw  McDowelPs, 

Thorn.  Delap,  his  daughter  Katherine. 

Discovered  Land  on  ye  Continent  of  America  ye  4th  day 
of  8ber  1729. 


Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House."     115 


LETTEES  OF  PEESIDENTS  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES 
AND   "LADIES   OF   THE   WHITE   HOUSE." 

(Continued  from  Vol.  XXV.  page  536.) 

WASHINGTON  June  23d  1840 
GENTLEMEN, 

I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
polite  invitation  of  the  20th  instant  to  join  my  fellow  citi- 
zens at  Philadelphia  in  celehrating  the  approaching  national 
Anniversary — Nothing  surely  could  give  me  greater  pleas- 
ure ;  but  I  regret  to  say  that  my  constant  and  unremitted 
duties  on  the  committee  of  Elections,  which,  for  many 
weeks  past,  have  wholly  excluded  me  from  all  participation 
in  the  proceedings  of  the  House,  will,  from  necessity,  compel 
me  to  forego  that  enjoyment. 

Certainly  there  has  been  no  time  since  the  close  of  the 
Eevolution  when  the  true  friends  of  constitutional  liberty 
have  had  more  reason,  than  now,  to  gather  around  the  altar 
of  freedom,  and  light  the  torch  of  patriotism  from  its  con- 
secrated fires.  I  rejoice  to  feel  that  we  are  now  witnessing 
the  expiring  agonies  of  a  dynasty  that  came  into  power 
upon  professions  and  pledges,  the  most  sacred ;  which  have 
been  violated  in  a  manner  the  most  shameless  and  disgrace- 
ful. Pledged  to  one  presidential  term,  it  continued  two — 
Pledged  to  retrench  the  expenses  of  government,  it  has  more 
than  trebled  them — Pledged  to  reform  abuses  in  the  Execu- 
tive department,  it  has  corruptly  multiplied  them  beyond 
all  former  example — Professing  to  give  us  a  better  currency, 
it  has  destroyed  the  best  the  world  ever  knew — professing 
to  be  the  friend  of  the  poor,  it  first  deprived  them  of  em- 
ployment, and  now  proposes  permanently  to  reduce  their 
wages  to  the  verge  of  starvation  fixed  in  European  govern- 
ments— professing  democracy,  it  has  its  agents  traversing 
Europe  hunting  out  the  practices  of  Monarchical  govern- 


. 
116     Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House." 

ments  to  introduce  them  here— professing  abhorrence  of 
a  National  Bank;  it  proposes  to  establish  one  in  the  Sub 
Treasury  more  powerful,  more  dangerous  and  more  liable 
to  corruption  than  any  with  which  a  deceived  and  insulted 
nation  was  ever  cursed ;  Professing  Eepublicanism,  its  lead- 
ing measures  tend  to  consolidation  and  to  the  concentration 
of  all  power  in  the  hands  of  the  Executive. 

A  party  that  has  thus  notoriously  violated  all  pledges  and 
shamelessly  thrown  off  the  garb  of  hypocrisy  by  which  it 
sought  power  will  be  unscrupulous  in  the  use  of  any  means 
to  retain  it.  Hence  the  infamous  slander  and  defamation 
by  which  a  subsidized  press  has  attempted  to  blacken  the 
character  and  tarnish  the  fair  fame  of  one  of  the  purest, 
noblest  and  most  disinterested  patriots  of  the  present  day, 
merely  because  he  has  received  an  unsolicited  nomination 
for  the  Presidential  chair. — Hence  the  bold  and  shameless 
refusal  of  the  Administration  party  in  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives to  permit  any  enquiry  into  the  alleged  abuses  of 
the  government — Hence  the  arbitrary  exercise  of  power  to 
suppress  all  debate  in  the  House  by  which  their  infamy  and 
corruption  would  be  exposed ;  And  hence  the  unparalleled 
outrage  by  which  a  sovereign  state  of  the  Revolution  has 
been  disfranchised. 

But  their  mad  efforts  are  all  in  vain — The  days  of  this 
abominable  administration  are  numbered.  The  loathsome 
stench  of  its  corruption,  hypocrisy  and  wickedness  loads  the 
tainted  air  and  calls  down  upon  its  unrighteous  head,  the 
concentrated  curse  of  an  insulted  and  plundered  nation — 
The  People  with  a  unanimity  unexampled  and  an  energy  as 
resistless  as  the  torrent  of  Niagara  will  sweep  them  from 
the  high  places  which  they  have  desecrated  and  polluted, 
and  by  electing  WILLIAM  HENRY  HARRISON  bring  back  the 
government  to  its  original  purity  and  republican  simplicity. 

But  I  have  already  said  more  than  I  intended  when  I 
took  up  my  pen — I  write  in  much  haste  and  must  be  par- 
doned for  any  verbal  inaccuracies — At  all  events,  my  heart 
will  be  with  you  on  that  great  Jubilee,  and  you  will  please 


Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House."     117 

accept  my  most  grateful  acknowledgements  for  the  high 
honor  you  have  done  me  by  your  invitation ;  and  you  will 
please  also  pardon  me  for  presenting  through  you  to  my 
fellow  citizens  on  that  occasion  the  following  sentiment. 

THE  UNION — The   bond  of  brotherhood  formed  by  the 
patriotic  Whigs  of  the  Eevolution — May  their  true  descend- 
ants, the  Whigs  of  1840,  preserve  it  from  the  foul  touch  of 
nullification  and  the  corroding  rust  of  Federal  Locofocoism. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be 

Your  most  obt.  sert  & 

Fellow  citizen 

MlLLARD   FlLLMORE1 

Messrs. 

CHARLES  A.  REPPLIER 
JOHN  MILLAR 
S.  C.  COOPER 

PHILADELPHIA 

WASHINGTON  March  21st  1838 
DEAR  CYRUS 

Last  evening  I  had  the  pleasure  of  receiving  your  letter 
of  the  11th  inst.,  and  be  assured  it  received  a  most  hearty 
welcome.  I  feel  much  depressed  in  spirits  and  melancholy. 
The  heartrending  intelligence  of  my  dear  Mother's  death 
has  withered  the  vivacity  of  my  heart.  I  know  not  how  to 
be  reconciled  to  it.  The  thought  that  my  dear  Mother  has 
gone  forever — that  I  can  no  more  see  her  smile  greeting 
my  return — no  more  hear  her  voice  speaking  in  accents  of 
kindness  and  affection,  almost  overwhelms  me.  Yet  I  can 
scarcely  realise  that  she  is  gone. — 

Probably  you  have  heard  the  particulars  of  her  illness. 

Tell  your  father  that  she  died  in  full  faith  of  finding  a 
better  world,  Yet  she  expressed  a  great  desire  to  see  her 
children  once  more  before  in  this  world. 

Oh,  that  she  could  have  seen  us  all  once  more  before  she 
died — Oh,  that  I  had  been  with  her  what  a  consolation  it 

1  Dreer  Collection,  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 


' 
118     Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House." 

would  have  been  to  me,  but  it  is  past,  I  will  not  trust  myself 
longer  to  write  on  the  subject. 

You  enquire  about  my  health.  It  is  very  good  now,  but 
I  was  quite  ill  after  I  arrived  here,  was  under  the  care  of 
the  Physician  about  2  weeks.  You  recollect  the  dreadful 
cough  I  had  when  you  were  at  Buffalo.  I  was  unable  to 
bear  the  fatigue  of  travelling  but  was  obliged  to  come  then, 
if  at  all,  I  suffered  very  much  on  my  journey  from  my 
cough,  and  the  only  way  I  could  relieve  it,  was  to  keep 
my  stomach  nauceated  with  medicine.  My  system  of  course 
became  more  and  more  deranged,  my  lungs  weaker  and 
more  irritable  and  my  cough  no  better.  I  was  besides 
threatened  with  the  bilious  fever,  but  powerful  medicine, 
great  care,  and  a  mild  climate,  have  restored  me  to  usual 
health. 

I  regret  to  hear  of  your  lame  hand,  I  suspect  felons  are 
painful  beyond  description.  That  was  a  sufficient  excuse  for 
not  writing  me  before,  but  I  hope  that  excuse  will  remain 
no  longer — I  shall  always  be  happy  to  hear  from  you,  as 
often  as  you  find  it  convenient  to  write. 

I  understood  you  had  dreadful  travelling  from  Buffalo 
home.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  you  had  not  remained  a 
few  days  longer,  but  how  imperfect  is  our  knowledge  of  the 
future.  It  is  possible  that  Mrs.  Charles  Egan  is  no  more — 
both  old  and  young  are  the  victims  of  death.  How  uncer- 
tain is  life — Nothing  certain  but  death. 

The  sensation  created  by  Mr.  Cilley's  death  is  almost 
universal  particularly  in  the  northern  states — Petitions  are 
continually  coming  in,  to  be  presented  to  Congress  praying 
that  something  might  be  done  to  prevent  it  for  the  future — 
I  sincerely  wish  a  stigma  might  be  affixed  to  the  practice, 
Nothing  else  would  so  likely  prevent  it. 

It  was  indeed  a  dreadful  sight  to  see  his  lifeless  body 
taken  from  the  carriage,  which  but  a  few  hours  before  had 
conveyed  him  away  in  health.  The  spectacle  seems  before 
my  eyes  now.  I  had  but  just  learned  that  they  had  gone 
out  to  fight,  had  heard  nothing  farther  until  the  carriage 


Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House"     119 

which  brought  home  the  body,  too  plainly  told  the  result, 
as  I  happened  to  step  to  my  window  and  saw  him  carried 
into  his  boarding  house,  which  is  opposite  this,  across  the 
street,  it  made  a  deep  impression  on  me,  as  it  has  on  many 
others.  Thus  in  one  rash  hour  is  a  wife  and  5  helpless 
children  deprived  of  their  friend  and  protector.  Another 
Member,  Mr  Carter,  from  the  same  state,  and  in  the  same 
boarding  house  died  one  week  ago  to  day.  His  wife  left  the 
city  this  morning  to  return  home,  a  melancholy  and  singular 
coincidence. 

I  have  rec'd  one  letter  from  Mrs.  Stow  this  winter,  I  re- 
gret to  learn  her  health  continues  poor.  Her  husband  has 
been  sick  also.  Has  she  returned  ?  Our  friends  in  Lagrance 
were  in  usual  health  the  last  I  heard.  Ask  your  father  to 
write  to  me.  remember  me  affectionately  to  him — also  to 
your  Mother — write  soon  to  your  affectionate  aunt — Heaven 
bless  you 

ABIGAIL  FiLLMORE1 

Mr.  Fillmore  is  at  the  Capitol,  but  I  know  he  wishes  to 
send  his  love, 

I  shall  return  home  in  2  or  3  weeks. 

ANDOVER,  MASS.  Dec.  24,  1861 
To  HON.  WM.  H.  SEWARD 

Secretary  of  State,  "Washington,  D.  C. 

SIR 

A  package  endorsed  "  Department  of  State  TL  S.  A," 
franked  by  "  W.  Hunter  Ch  Ck"  and  addressed  "  to  Frank- 
lin Pierce  Esquire  Concord  New  Hampshire"  was  received 
by  me  to  day,  having  been  forwarded  from  the  place  of  my 
residence.  But  for  the  stamped  envelope  and  the  hand- 
writing of  Mr.  Hunter,  with  which  I  am  familiar,  I  should 
probably  have  regarded  the  enclosures,  as  an  idle  attempt 
at  imposition,  in  which  your  name  had  been  surreptitiously 
used.  I  must,  I  suppose,  though  I  do  so  reluctantly,  now 
view  it  in  a  different  light. 

1  Dreer  Collection,  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 


120     Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House." 

In  the  note  bearing  your  signature,  you  say,  "  I  enclose 
an  extract  from  a  letter  received  at  this  Department  from 
which  it  would  appear  that  you  are  a  member  of  a  secret 
league  the  object  of  which  is  to  overthrow  this  Govern- 
ment. Any  explanations  upon  the  subject  which  you  may 
offer  would  be  acceptable." 

It  is  not  easy  to  conceive  how  any  person  could  give  cre- 
dence to,  or  entertain  for  a  moment,  the  idea  that  I  am 
now,  or  have  ever  been  connected  with  a  secret  league,  or 
with  any  league  the  object  of  which  was  or  is  the  overthrow 
of  the  Government  of  my  Country.  Surprize,  however 
only  increases  as  I  pass  from  your  note  to  the  "  extract"  to 
which  you  refer,  as  a  sufficient  basis  for  an  official  commu- 
nication. Incoherent  and  meaningless  as  this  extract,  from 
the  vagaries  of  an  anonymous  correspondent,  seems  to  me 
to  be,  it  is  not  a  little  singular  that  it  should  have  been  sent 
for  explanation  to  one,  who,  during  his  whole  life,  has  never 
belonged  to  any  secret  league,  society  or  association.  My 
name  does  not  appear  in  the  "  extract"  and  as  there  is  not 
the  slightest  ground  for  any  reference  to  me  in  the  connec- 
tion indicated  I  take  it  for  granted  that  your  inference  is 
wholly  erroneous  and  that  neither  I,  nor  anything  which  I 
ever  said  or  did  was  in  the  mind  of  the  writer.  Nothing 
but  the  gravity  of  the  insinuation — the  high  official  source 
whence  it  emanates,  and  the  distracted  condition  of  our 
recently  united,  prosperous  and  happy  Country,  could  pos- 
sibly lift  this  matter  above  ridicule  and  contempt.  Not, 
therefore,  because  "  explanations"  "  would  be  acceptable" 
but  because  this  correspondence  is  to  hold  a  place  upon  the 
files  of  the  Department  of  State,  long  beyond  the  duration 
of  your  life  or  mine,  and  because  I  would  leave,  so  far  as  I 
am  concerned,  no  ambiguity  upon  the  record,  it  is  proper, 
perhaps  it  is  my  duty,  to  add,  that  my  loyalty  will  never 
be  successfully  impugned,  so  long  as  I  enjoy  the  constitu- 
tional rights  which  pertain  to  every  citizen  of  the  Republic 
and  especially  the  inestimable  right  to  be  informed  of  the 
nature  and  cause  of  accusation  and  to  be  confronted  face  to 


Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House."     121 

face  with  my  accusers — Love  for  our  whole  Cpuntry — 
respect  for  the  reserved  rights  of  the  States— reverence  for 
the  Constitution  and  devotion  to  the  Noble  Union  which 
for  so  many  years  reposed  in  security  upon  that  sacred  in- 
strument, have  been  interwoven  with  my  best  hopes  for 
civil  liberty,  my  deepest  emotions  and  my  sternest  pur- 
poses from  youth  to  age.  If  I  have  failed  to  illustrate  this, 
in  official  station — in  private  life,  and  under  all  circum- 
stances, where  it  became  me  to  speak  or  act,  I  have  labored 
under  a  singular  delusion,  consciousness  of  which  would 
embitter  more  than  anything  else  the  present  hour  and 
such  remaining  hours  or  years,  as  may  be  in  reserve  for  me. 
I  am,  Sir,  your  obedient  Servant 

FRANKLIN  PIERCE* 

REV.  DR.  FRENCH — 
DEAR  SIR — 

I  make  an  acknowledgment  of  your  unexpected  and  in- 
teresting letter  lest  you  should  suppose  it  met  with  an  unap- 
preciative  reception — May  you  have  divine  aid  in  all  the  cares 
and  duties  of  your  present  position.  Be  assured  of  the  sin- 
cere interest  with  which  I  am  respectfully  yours 

JANE  M.  PIERCE  2 

WASHINGTON,  Nov.  16,  '56. 

I   respond   most   sincerely  &  earnestly  to  the  excellent 

prayers  for  our  beloved  country. 

FRANKLIN  PIERCE 
Addressed 

REV.  DR.  FRENCH 

WEST  POINT 

N  YORK. 

WHEATLAND,  NEAR  LANCASTER,  21  January  1852 
MY  DEAR  SIR 

Numerous  &  pressing  engagements,  with  the  fact  that  I 
had  nothing  of  the  least  importance  to  communicate,  have 

1  Collection  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

2  Dreer  Collection,  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 


122     Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House." 

prevented  me  from  acknowledging  your  letter  at  an  earlier 
period.  I  have  had  to  contend  in  my  own  State  with  a 
violent  &  factious  opposition.  I  never  considered  them 
strong ;  but  their  extreme  weakness  has  surprised  me.  My 
position  with  the  Democracy  of  Pennsylvania  is  now  stronger 
than  it  has  ever  been  heretofore ;  &  they  will  present  my 
name  before  the  Baltimore  Convention  in  an  enthusiastic  & 
decided  manner.  The  idea  is  deeply  engraved  on  the  minds 
of  our  people,  whether  "Whig  or  Democrat,  that  after  waiting 
more  than  sixty  years,  they  are  entitled  to  a  Candidate ;  & 
this  will  be  pressed  with  all  their  energy. 

I  should  'ere  this  have  visited  Washington  ;  but  I  feel  an 
unconquerable  repugnance  against  any  thing  like  personal 
electioneering  for  the  highest  office  in  the  world.  This 
honor,  above  all  earthly  honors,  shall  never  be  degraded  in 
my  person ;  no,  not  even  to  secure  a  favorable  result.  I  may, 
notwithstanding,  probably  pass  a  week  or  ten  days  in  Wash- 
ington as  quietly  as  possible  during  the  month  of  February. 

When  you  were  last  here  we  gave  you  a  cold  reception. 
Since  that  time  I  have  had  a  furnace  fixed  in  the  cellar 
which  renders  the  house  comfortable  in  the  coldest  weather. 
The  thermometer  yesterday  morning  at  sunrise  stood  at  12° 
below  zero.  When  you  visit  us  again  which  I  hope  may  be 
soon,  besides  a  cordial  welcome,  we  shall  give  you  a  warm 
reception. 

I  have  read  Commodore  Stockton's  speech  against  flogging 
in  the  Navy  with  peculiar  pleasure.  "What  a  reflection  it 
would  be  upon  our  country  &  the  civilisation  of  the  nine- 
teenth century  for  Congress  to  enact  that  American  Citizens 
who  enter  the  Navy  as  sailors  shall  be  subjected  to  the  in- 
famous punishment  of  the  lash.  This  very  circumstance 
has  hitherto  prevented  respectable  young  men  from  entering 
the  service ;  &  those  who  have  done  so  &  been  flogged  have 
lost  all  self  respect.  I  hope  there  is  no  danger  of  the  pas- 
sage of  any  such  law.  Nothing  could  more  effectually  in- 
jure the  Navy  in  the  estimation  of  the  Country  than  the 
restoration  of  the  lash. 


Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House"     123 

Miss  Harriet  has  been  in  Pittsburg  for  the  last  two  months 
&  may  probably  pass  the  remainder  of  the  winter  there. 
Miss  Hetty  desires  to  be  kindly  remembered  to  you. 
from  your  friend 

very  respectfully 

JAMES  BUCHANAN  l 
GENERAL  JAMES  SHIELDS 

EXECUTIVE  MANSION 

Friday  May  18/60 
DEAR  MR.  MACALESTER 

The  Japanese  have  come — but  as  they  have  had  a  long 
journey  they  require  much  time  to  rest,  etc — so  that  the 
entertainments  that  are  to  be  given  in  their  honour  will  ex- 
tend over  the  next  month — during  which  time  it  is  impos- 
sible for  Lily  to  fix  any  day  for  leaving,  or  think  about 
home  in  any  way — so  I  hope  you  will  not  suggest  it. 

She  went  out  this  morning  at  10 — for  a  romantic  stroll 
with  Mr.  Woodbury  &  I  know  not  when  they  will  return. 
Col.  Hardee  is  also  here  &  is  so  agreeable  that  I  almost 
regret  the  deep  impression  Lily  has  made  there — for  it  ex- 
cludes me  from  all  hope.  I  hope  you  will  attend  to  all  my 
suggestions,  &  allow  us  to  make  our  own  arrangements 
here — &  believe  me 

Yours  very  sincerely 

H.    LANE2 

SPKINGFIELD,  ILLS.  April  30,  1859. 
HON.  S.  P.  CHASE 

DEAR  SIR 

Eeaching  home  yesterday  I  found  your  kind  note  of  the 
14th  informing  me  that  you  have  given  Mr.  Whitney  the 
appointment  he  desired ;  and  also  mentioning  the  present 
encouraging  aspects  of  the  Republican  cause — and  our  Illi- 
nois canvass  of  last  year.  I  thank  you  for  the  appointment 
— Allow  me  also  to  thank  you  as  being  one  of  the  very  few 

1  Dreer  Collection,  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

2  Ibid. 


124     Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House." 

distinguished  men,  whose  sympathy  we  in  Illinois  did 
receive  last  year,  of  all  those  whose  sympathy  we  thought 
we  had  reason  to  expect. 

Of  course  I  would  have  preferred  success ;  but  failing  in 
that,  I  have  no  regrets  for  having  rejected  all  advice  to  the 
contrary,  and  resolutely  made  the  struggle — Had  we  thrown 
ourselves  into  the  arms  of  Douglas,  as  re-electing  him  by 
our  votes  would  have  done,  the  Republican  cause  would 
have  been  annihilated  in  Illinois,  and,  as  I  think,  demoral- 
ized and  prostrated  everywhere  for  years,  if  not  forever — 
As  it  is,  in  the  language  of  Benton  "  we  are  clean"  and  the 
Republican  star  gradually  rises  higher  everywhere — 

Yours  truly 

A.    LINCOLN.1 


EXECUTIVE  MANSION 
MY  DEAR  MADAME 

Your  bonnets  were  received  on  yesterday — The  black 
with  colors — I  liked  very  much. — Also  the  blk  crape — I 
wished  a  much  finer  blk  straw  bonnet  for  mourning — with- 
out the  gloss.  Could  you  not  get  such  a  one  ?  I  want  you 
to  send  me  a  bow  of  blk  crape,  for  the  top  of  the  blk  straw 
bonnet,  exactly  like  the  one,  on  top  the  blk  crape  bonnet — 
of  the  same  crape  two  bows  on  each  side  of  the  loup — 
bound — like  the  other — I  wrote  you  about  the  veils — did 
you  receive  the  letter — I  want  you  to  select  me  the  very  finest, 
&  blackest  &  lightest  long  crape  veil  &  bordered  as  they 
bring  them— Please  get  me  the  finest  that  can  be  obtained— 
Want  a  short  very  very  fine  blk  crape  veil,  round  corners  & 
folds  around— Want  one  of  very  fine  blk  silk  net— with  folds 
around  for  summer — round  at  corners  &  short— The  long 

veil  I  should  like  to  have  by  Friday — want  it  very  fine blk 

&  light — please  send  this,  immediately. 

I  liked  the  undersleeves  &  collars— Please  have  me  two 
more,  white  &  blk  collars  mixed,  with  cuffs  to  match— no 

1  Dreer  Collection,  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 


Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House"     125 

undersleeves — I  want  the  genteelest  &  tastiest  you  can  find 
or  have  made — I  liked  the  style  of  the  blk  &  white  reversed 
— Do  not  forget  the  bow,  for  the  bonnet — And  the  long  veil, 
I  want  immediately  I  have  your  money  ready  for  you — 

Very  truly  yours 

MRS.  LINCOLN  1 
1  Dreer  Collection,  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

(To  be  continued.) 


126     Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


§ 


§ 

^ 

| 

8 

l 

10 

t> 
i> 

w      c8 

f 

3 

•2 

o3 

a 

es 

1 

* 

rH 

^      dj 

cS 

£} 

Oi 

PH 

PH 

tp» 

ci 

C<1 
!>• 

rH 

<f 

Tl 

Philadel; 

ffl 
| 

1 

O 

Philadel 

Philadel 

1 
1 

Province 

HH 

W 

PH 

Kl 

44 

1 

HH 

£^ 

P 

S 

GET  GF  PHILAD 

t- 

1 

M 
H 

'o 

Osiers 

James  McCullough 
James  Eddy 

Eobert  Jessop 
all  of  Philadelphia 

John  Powntney 

J 

^  'o    oT 

w  sS 

III 

Henry  Lisle 
of  Philadelphia 

Alexander  Hutchinso: 
John  Wallace 

Thomas  Wallace 

all  of  Glasgow,  Gi 
Britain 
Hugh  Wallace 
of  Jamaica 
Archibald  Hilhouse 

of  Philadelphia 

Alexander  Alexander 
of  Philadelphia 

PM 

a 

s 

*_i 

[•£) 

<c 

o> 

^_ 

p 

w 

1 

£    1 

0> 

5 

'So 

1 

a 

1    5 

c 

t-S 

p 

rj 

o 

'^3 
G 

o 

*B 

1 

2 

"3 

£ 

h 

Q 

C3 

fl 

b 

O 

£0 

S 

•  f-H 

p 

g 

o 

£ 

§ 

ji 

'o 

W 

H? 

CH 
• — i 

w 

<y: 


1 


•c 


o 

& 
w 


.3 
I 


1-5 
\0 


Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775.     127 


§ 


•a  -a 


I 


f 

S 
.S* 

S 
CQ 


I 


128     Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


M 


«J 

2 

OH 

13 


& 

13 

•E  1*1 
1 1.  is  1 3 

s  8^%- 

|W.g    ISM'S 

|-5li5^'3 

^    o        t>    o    o 

EH    t-5  (^    h-5    r-s 


r^      d      O) 

{II 

03     ^^^        QQ 

3  1  i 


& 

-4J 

"bfi 


d 
d 
3 
'C 

PQ 

.S" 
S 
CO 


p 

!K 

i?i 


§Jp. 

^  -s  a 

CO   OQ   OQ 


OQ 


P50Q 


02 


<3j    <D    aj 
d    d    d 


Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775.     129 


o        o 

<M  iO 


1  I 

PQ         rr> 


W 


JS 


^ 


PQ 


§• 

^O 

S 


I 

ri 

w 
I 

I 

OQ 


I  I 


02 


OQ 


CO 


VOL.  XXVI. — 9 


ISO     £%  Registers  far  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


•a 


*  & 


•a 


O 


OH 

I, 


1     "a! 

^     PP 


£ 


i-o         o 

rH  CO 


OQ 


PQ 

I 

53 


QQ 


52 

A  PH 

m 

o 


S 


r/j 


Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775.     131 


90 


s 


3     03 


H) 


o 


<o 

•r 

PQ 
o 

a 

I 

CO 

S 

ivateers 

1 
3 

8 

_kT 

^ 

£ 

o 

? 

Pennsylvania 

^ 
3 

1 

Sloop  Stanw 

-§ 

ci 

1 

d" 

a 
<1 

^ 

1 

I 

tf 

S 

1 

Philadelphia 

Philadelphia 

Philadelphia 

.S 


S 

a 

•a 


1     ! 


I. 

1 

1 


- 

r 

53 


1 


13 


CXD 


132    Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


|jr 

i  1 

—  Continued. 

!M 

S  jf1 

8  w 

r£3      ^2 

1             » 

'S         o        1 

Q^                   ^)                 »fH 

§    ^d         1 
>  J?  >          % 

1 

!> 

! 

i 

vO 
t^ 
I> 

1 

2  w  2       § 

PH        PH         O 

1 

1 

i 

3 

<N 

t~ 

T-H 

s 

3 

f" 

^T* 

a 

1a 

r—  H                                      CD 

F  PHILADELP: 

Owners 
John  Mathelin 
Ephraim  Gilbert 
Joseph  Mathelin 
all  of  Bermuda 

John  Hazelwood 
of  Philadelphia 
John  Wilcox 
of  Philadelphia 
Eobert  Savage 
of  Bermuda 

John  Campbell 
Alex.  Eobinson 
both  of  St.  Chr: 
Jn°  Eobinson 

of  Philadelphia 
Henry  Drinker 
Abel  James 

both  of  Philade 
Thomas  Willing 
of  Philadelphia 
Attwood  Shute,  E 
John  Kidd 

0 

H 

§ 

.2 

02                                     CO 

g 

1 

a 

W 

1   1 

te       ,J3         ! 

i 

P 

W 

B 

§   ^ 

i    S    1 

1 

1 

1 

« 

g 

1 

1  i  & 

1-5 

1 

0 

H 

0 

fl 

pQ 

a 

W 
PH 

1  1 

£    « 

I-J                  CQ 

>>         o> 

i    ^     fr 

3 

1" 

PH 

k-H 

a 

£             ®             rf 

^       PQ       S 

£ 

§ 

| 

w 

02 

8 
•8 

1   |    1 

8 

| 

£ 

m 

&       w       w 

53 

5S 

OQ 

(N 

00             00             O 

«o 

VO 

fc- 

^^ 

TH              T-H              rH 

cq 

T-H 

T-H 

| 

0 

O               0               O 

o 

g 

8 

^ 

^     to     to 

p 

p 

Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775.     133 


.2 


8  8 


*  S  1 

S-tfSJ  -a 

•g|**  § 

s  g  §  ii  'i 

fe  ^   g  ns  s 

<<  fW  Oi 


•s  s 

S  S 

8  a 

3  £ 


w 

I 

,0 

(§ 


I 


134    5^>  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


•S  I 

fl    o 


fi* 


6     I 


ffi 

S 

<8 

•g 

PH 

2 

F  PHILADELP: 

Owners 

Abraham  Judah 

Andrew  Franburg 
Eichard  McWillia 
all  of  Newcastle 

ware 
Thomas  Willing 

of  Philadelphia 
Joseph  Turner 

John  Mifflin 
Samuel  Mifflin 

John  Stamper 
William  Humphri 

Wm  Dowell 
John  Gibson 

all  of  Philadelp 

James  Pemberton 
Peter  Reeve 

"<3             o3 

Ills* 

£§^|£  s 

SiiSSf* 

O      ;-H      ««_(                                           £3 
rO     ^        0        CD      a         «,      rg 

t>            o3    t>     fl     O 
^           H-5^l-5l-5 

S 
"3 

o 

H 

2 

,    S3 

f-H 

( 

(D 

S  j^ 

c$ 

<x> 

O> 

& 

W 

§    ^ 

^H 

"ft 

-Bi*            c3 

H 

^  ^ 

02 

a 

o3 

M             « 

PH 

V 

1 

0 

«       S 

Cu 

1 

1 

H? 

S 

fi    1 

g 


O    -2 

S   « 
«  I 


*bfi  PH 

PQ       o! 


.a 


CO 


u 


1 


Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775.     135 


a  13 

8  £ 

a  T> 

o                 *S  nd 

O     ^2     £     C  * 

SlS'fl  3 


la 


IH  I, 

'o       13   a 
1^13 

Pn   O2  ^    -g 

o    8    o  | 
O        « 


I 


pq 


'  ! 

*•  o 

&  ^ 

Q  -C 


OQ 


I 


S     "ff 


136     filfe>  JRegisters  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


Marylan 


elph 


ladelphi 


F 


-g-s 

OQ      § 

I" 

lljrfl 


•  M     ," 

£^  I 


£    E    c    a 

.pq    §  ^ 

^        ^H     q^     ^^ 

S  ^  S  g 

PH 


»—  1 

03 

.a 

1 

«a 

a 

^d 

^H 

PH 

OF  PHILADELP: 

Owners 
Samuel  Howell 

of  Philadelphia 

Richard  Neave 

d 

O     a? 

•§  I 

O     c* 

Q}     ri 

^  I 
•c  g, 

«l 

S    d 

§      rd 

all  of  Philadelp 
Daniel  Roberdeau 

o 

lo 

^ 

>. 
(H 
fl 
O 

5 

both  of  Philade: 
Samuel  Purviance 

d 

|3 
hs 

£ 

i 
^ 

c 
HS 

f 

Sg 

"o  f§ 

Sam1  Oldman 
both  of  Philade] 

H 

2 

d 

M 

W 

1       rd 

0 

o 

o 

SH 

cc 
c^ 

3 

S 

""o 

1 

(H 

pq 

rn 

M 

« 

HH 

1 

^ 

0) 

^ 

g 

£ 

03 

0 

P§ 

§ 

1 

s  2  ^ 


g  I  - 

C^  ^       ^H 


OQ 


P 

-+-J 

"fcfl 

pq 


pq 


Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775.     137 


i 

-3 


PH 


•a 
1 
1 


i         i 

I  |  fjfmlj 

<-a    >»  S    l>^fc».    osrtro    ^I"'c31 


<s 


I 

d 


11 

CC 


•§ 

i— i 

i 

8 
I 


)0 


138     Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


s 


o        o 

CO  O 


.1          8 


M 


ft 

(-5 

w 
n 
<i 
^ 
i— i 

ft 

PH 

fe 
O 


hJO 


Lu 
Ph 


• 


S 


.2 

bD 

g 

*>» 


J     -8 


02 


I 


b 


bb 


Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775.     139 


iC 

t> 

^<s 


B 

I 


1  w  §  a 
d  .&S  3 

Jd 

02 

If 

O    'fl 
*      PH 


^>       . 


M 


e 


er 


II 


itiip 
P«?itj 


CO 


QD 


ti 


-a 

13 


.2  rg 

a  &  a      s 

If  111, 


«^^^<^Prv]i-          ^^Orv]'1 

rd        d      ^ H  00  e^91^OJ  «4H 

l-dS~t?r2d'"3_|*rH  HuS'S— H 

<3ts^aJ§a^;3itsaai:a 


a     o 


3 


o    3    o 

-§  k  -S 

CC          CO 


^ 


•** 


05 


1 


^       t5 

O        O 


140     Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


w 

w 

Q 
<J 
^ 

I-H 

w 

PH 

§ 


!=l      r^ 


o3   2  ^ 

&M 
»  PH  O 

III 
III 


III 
Sal 


ho 


05  PH 

!  | 

£     & 


all  of 
William 


1        Ji     •» 

rS^  fl 

o>  '-  o3 

Us  .Is! 
I  fi  g  <§  (§  I  5 

f-s^-s-fl 

?llill« 

1% 


II1! 


o 


W 


i 

53 


Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  17%6-1775.     141 


Lewis  Town,  Suss< 
on  Delaware 

Philadelphia 

| 

.2 

23 

|ft 

I 

1       ^ 
E?       f2 

I        1 

1 

1 

«y> 

ie  A  Capture 
Philadelphia 

03 

•£• 

S    PH 

c3 

-^^ 

r> 

Benjamin  Pyne 
of  Philadelphi 

Thomas  Firman 

fc 

Si 

*l 

d  13 

-gg 
Ha  ^ 

Wm  Wishart 
Mima  Edwards, 

Samuel  Purvianc 
all  of  Philadel 

John  Eelfe 
of  Philadelphi 

Benjamin  Bower 

Joseph  Stretton 
Mess"  Workman 

d 
5 

2 

of  Virginia 
Q  Eichard  Neave 

of  London 
Samuel  Howel 

5  James  Abercrom 
Preston  Payne 

^ 

1 

V 

r2 

9 

2 

.2 

0 

-4^ 

o 

iJ3 

^^ 

Q        tlQ 

"rj 

•c 

(T) 

^ 

o3  -S 

0 

^ 

PQ 

l^ 

^ 

rQ     ^ 

d 

en 

g 

^ri 

£ 

0 

a 

| 

1 

ro 

la 

f£ 

1 3 
I -5 

6| 

ft^O 

ii 


142     Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


Philadelphia 


Philadelphia 


6  s 


-< 

HH 

£ 

> 

w 

Pu, 

6 

8 

3D 

'o 

G 

c 

PHILADEL 

Ownen 
eo.  Anderson 

ohn  Mitchell 

bC 
| 

0 

CH 

c 

5 
O 

^ 

8 

£ 

-: 

V 

£ 

k» 

a 

J3 

0 

O 

0) 

£ 

CH 

0 

homas  Parkins 

homas  James 

fe 

O 

hj 

«e 

H 

H 

O 

H 

P^ 

^ 
o 

«+-! 

0 

JA 

s 

1 

& 

'd 

3 

£ 

<D 

^ 

^3 

m 
% 

1 

§ 

CO 

a 

1 

t-i 
<D 

5 

'd 

CH 

0 

^ 

rd 

PH 

o 

t 

0> 

J 

1 

S 
HS 

mander 

.2  0  -2  S 

^    o  ^    53 

rrr 


3.    3 


per 
d 


llfll 

s  o  . a  A  <s 


B 


rd  a     g 

^^^ 


p 
all 


M 


Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775.     143 


•R 


d    c- 


3^.8 

jiiii 


der  Simon  Shurlock 

Thomas  Alexander  Shurlock 

both  of  Philadelphia 

William  Moore 

x 

6 

JB 

^ 
0 

o> 

5 

'P 

1 

J 

0 

~s 

^ 

Samuel  House 
William  Eitchie 

all  of  Philadelphia 

ner  John  McMichael 

•& 


^      O    JB      3 

_2     co   "T3     * 

^3    a   r*   ^3 


5  ^ 

1  § 

11 


I 


I 

144  In  Memoriam  Charles  Roberts. 


Hn  flDemoriam  Cbarles  IRoberts* 

We  regret  to  announce  the  death  of  Charles  Roberts,  a 
Councillor  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  January 
23,  1902.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Society  March 
27,  1871,  and  of  its  Council  January  21,  1884. 

Charles  Eoberts,  son  of  Elihu  and  Anne  Pettit  Roberts, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  21,  1846,  and  was  a  de- 
scendant of  Cadwalader  Roberts,  who  came  to  Pennsylvania 
in  1698  from  Bala,  Wales.  He  was  educated  in  the  Friends' 
schools  of  this  city,  and  graduated  from  Haverford  College 
in  1864.  In  the  latter  year  he  entered  commercial  life  with 
Whitall,  Tatum  &  Co.,  and  from  1869  to  1885  was  a  partner 
in  the  firm.  In  1891  he  was  elected  Vice-President  and  in 
1895  President  of  the  Spring  Garden  Insurance  Company. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  also  connected  with  the 
following  institutions  :  Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences,  Horticultural  Society,  Zoological  Society, 
Franklin  Institute,  Photographic  Society,  Genealogical  So- 
ciety, Geographical  Society,  Colonial  Society,  Fairmount 
Park  Art  Association,  Apprentices'  Library,  Fuel  Saving 
Fund  Society,  William  Penn  Charter  School,  Commission 
on  the  Restoration  of  Independence  Hall  of  Philadelphia, 
and  the  American  Historical  Association,  Historical  Society 
of  Salem,  New  Jersey,  Wisconsin  Historical  Society. 

Mr.  Roberts  was  an  enthusiastic  antiquarian;  his  collec- 
tion of  manuscripts  and  printed  works  relating  to  Friends 
is  unsurpassed  in  this  country,  and  he  had  also  gathered 
a  large  and  valuable  collection  of  autographs. . 

For  nearly  eighteen  years  Mr.  Roberts  represented  his 
ward  in  Common  Council,  thirteen  years  of  which  as  a 
member  of  its  Finance  Committee,  for  which  his  sound 
business  habits  so  well  qualified  him.  He  was  upright, 
earnest,  and  useful  in  his  services  in  the  municipal  legislature. 


Notes  and  Queries.  145 


NOTES  AND   QUEEIES. 

Iftotes. 

PAY  EOLL  OF  CAPT.  THOMAS  FERGUSON'S  VOLUNTEER 

FROM  13TH  AUG.  TO  13TH  SEPTEMBER  1778. — 

Capt.,  Tho8  Ferguson;  Lieuts.,  James  Brandon,  William  Campbell; 

Ensign  Isaac  Bodine. 

Serg*  Eob*  Love. 

Jona  Ashbridge,  Cleary  Campbell, 

Cooksong  Long,  Eobert  Riley, 

William  Crawford,  Jas.  Armstrong, 

Sam1  Campbell,  Jno.  M°Michael, 

Wm  McGrawdy,  Henry  McCracken, 

James  Irwin,  James  McSwaine, 

John  Price,  Wm  Hiddens, 

Hugh  Mckles,  Jno.  Baird. 
Wm  Mchatten, 

LIST  OF  ARMED  VESSELS  FROM  PORT  OF  PHILADELPHIA,  1776- 
1777,  WITH  FORM  OF  BOND. — 

Know  all  Men  by  these  Presents,  That  we  ...  are  held  and  firmly 
bound  to  John  Hancock  Esqr  President  of  the  United  Colonies  of  New- 
Hampshire,  Massachusetts-Bay,  Rhode-Island,  Connecticut,  New- York, 
New- Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  the  Counties  of  New- Castle,  Kent  and  Sussex, 
on  Delaware,  Maryland,  Virginia,  North- Carolina,  South- Carolina,  and 
Georgia,  in  the  Penalty  of  ...  Thousand  Dollars,  to  be  paid  to  the 
said  John  Hancock  Esqr  or  his  certain  Attorney,  Executors,  Adminis- 
trators, or  Assigns,  in  Trust  for  the  Use  of  the  said  United  Colonies  : 
To  which  Payment  well  and  truly  to  be  done,  We  do  bind  Ourselves, 
our  Heirs,  Executors,  and  Administrators  jointly  and  severally,  firmly 
by  these  Presents.  Sealed  with  our  Seals,  and  dated  .  .  .  Day  of  ... 
in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1777. 

The  Condition  of  the  Obligation  is  such,  that  if  the  Above-bounden 
.  .  .  who  is  Commander  of  the  .  .  .  called  the  .  .  .  belonging  to 
...  of  Philadelphia  in  the  Colony  of  Pennsylvania  mounting  .  .  . 
Carriage  Guns,  and  navigated  by  ...  Men,  and  who  hath  applied  for 
a  Commission  or  Letters  of  Marque  and  Eeprisal,  to  arm,  equip  and 
set  forth  to  Sea,  the  said  ...  as  a  private  Ship  of  War,  and  to  make 
Captures  of  British  Vessels  and  Cargoes,  shall  not  exceed  or  transgress 
the  Powers  and  Authorities  which  shall  be  contained  in  the  said  Com- 
mission, but  shall  in  all  Things  observe  and  conduct  himself,  and  govern 
his  Crew,  by  and  according  to  the  same  and  certain  Instructions  there- 
with to  be  delivered,  and  such  other  Instructions  as  may  hereafter  be 
given  to  him  ;  and  shall  make  Separation  for  all  Damages  sustained  by 
any  Misconduct  or  unwarrantable  Proceedings  of  Himself  or  the  Officers 
or  Crew  of  said  .  .  .  Then  this  Obligation  shall  be  void,  or  else  remain 
in  Force. 

VOL.  XXVI. — 10 


146 


•Notes  and  Queries. 


CO  CO  O  CO  O  <M         «0         O  CO  ^  CO  O 


CO  CO 


o 

05 


O  1C  O  G^l  1C  O 
O  CO  Tfl  rH  <N  C<1 


;g 


o  10  o  o  ic  ve> 

VO  rH  rH  (N   <M  b- 


gg 


d      a 


a   a 
fc?^ 


g      5 
t> 


^ 


—  .  d 


OCOCOOCOOOCOrH 
CO  rH 


rH  CO  1C  rH 


&,         « 


ii» 


fe 

^&- 


-  ^,2^-C 
co  co  co  PQ 


03 

w 


il 


l 

t-i      03    -+J 


o.       '    '    0 
bO          0^,40    PH^ 

5>rH      ,2  ^  'o  ,3  Id  'S 
CO        COCOCOCO 


3PS 

g^ 


be 


Notes  and  Queries. 


147 


COOOOCNiOiOiOOOOOOiOiOOOiOO 


o 
O 

la 


I1 

°1 


o 

t 


$    o 

fc-  & 


O    O 


ra  CQ 


00 
0    £ 


§  8  52 
£»,S  ® 

8^^ 


PQ 


'lll^wlSjrssSiS 

tf9iflfl0l1b*4£?4.4.»1s 


-,  o,^  5T  .  S 
J^I^S  S-g 
Q  OQ  OQ  1-5  1-5  1-^ 


& 


*£-!-  l-l1 

P^5  -e  ^  ^  o  L> 


|||  |-g|  §  b£l2 

l8i«*J8z2s2 


.1     £  SP 

OQ        S3  PQ 

8  a  >> 


OQ  PQ  "    CC  pS  OD  £  CCOQ  WC» 


0 

*sr 


f 

.^   o  .^;   <w  rS 

^«H^M^ 


bo    •  t»0 

TJ-g-    -   'C  = 
PQ  cc  PQ 


148 


Notes  and  Queries. 


A  ROLL  OF  RECRUITS  ENLISTED  BY  LIEUT.  ARCHIBALD  CAMPBELL 

AND   MUSTERED   BY   ESQR   HENRY,  APRIL   26,   1778.— 

John  Graham,  William  Flanagan, 

John  Grimes,  Ludwig  Warner, 

James  M°Gee,  Michal  Moran, 

John  Hundley,  James  Wright, 

Joseph  Holtry. 

A  RETURN  OF  RECRUITS  INLISTED  BY  LIEUT.  ARCHD  CAMPBELL 
OF  THE  6TH  PENNA  REG?  LT  COL.  JOSIAH  HARMAR  ESQ.  AUG.  26, 

1778.— 

August  19. 


John  Shull, 
Adam  Swager, 
Angus  Mclntosh, 
John  Berry, 
Terrence  McDonald, 
Robert  Ormright, 
Walter  Motley, 
Michael  Kelly, 


22. 

23.  Deserted. 
23. 
24. 
24. 
24. 
26. 
ARCHD  CAMPBELL, 

Lt.  6*  P.  R. 


ENLISTING  THREE  RECRUITS  FOR  THE  5TH  PENNA.  REGT.  PHILADA. 
JULY  30,  1778.— 

Michael  Druit,  John  King, 

John  Gillespie. 

JAMES  M°CULLOCH,  Lieut. 

RETURN  OF  RECRUITS  ENLISTED  BY  CAPT.  ROBERT  CONNELLY 
FOR  THE  4TH  BATTLN  OF  PENNA.    COL.  WILLIAM  BUTLER  —  OCT.  23, 

1778.— 

Sept. 


Patrick  Shannon, 
John  Welch, 
Daniel  Driskel, 
John  Merritt, 
Peter  Barry, 
John  Davis, 
John  McCoy, 
Nicholas  Revelee, 
William  Abbott, 
John  Kenan, 
Thos  Pentland, 
Dennis  Cliny, 
Thomas  Gilky, 
John  Jigney, 
Peter  Hay, 
Charles  Paster, 
John  Kean, 
Nail  Blue, 
John  Jemison, 
George  Kelly, 
Richard  Avis, 
Henry  Shannon, 
Solomon  Stonecomer, 


Oct. 


8 
9 
7 

11 
12 
17 
27 
9 

10 
10 
15 
14 
16 
16 
16 
20 
17 
20 
19 
22 
22 

19 


Deserted  Oct.  14. 


Deserted. 


Deserted  Oct.  19. 
Deserted  Oct.  23. 


Deserted. 


Notes  and  Queries. 


149 


A  EETTJRN  OF  KECRUITS  ENLISTED 
LIEUT  OF  THE  SIXTH  PENNA.  EEGT. 
10TH,  1778—. 

Joshua  Still,  Aug.  26 

Patrick  Lowry,  "     26 

Eichard  Ward,  "     31 

John  Alexander          Sept.     1 
Frederick  Wiltmar,        "       1 


BY  ARCHD.  CAMPBELL  CAPT 
COL.  HARMAR  ESQR  SEPTR 


William  Studley, 
Shawnee  John, 
Eichard  Eddows, 
Abram  Sing, 


Sept. 


2 
8 

4 
10 


ARCHD  CAMPBELL. 


EETURN  OF  EECRTJITS  ENLISTED  BY  CAPT.  EGBERT  CONNELLY, 
CAPT.  JOHN  PARSONS  FOR  THE  4™  AND  11™  PENNSYLVANIA 
EEGIMENTS,  FOR  SERVICE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA, 
Nov.  8,  1778.— 

John  Smith,  March  30. 

Jn°  Henry,  April      1. 

Peter  Fritz,  March  31. 


William  McKelwain, 

April 

13. 

Hans  Shank, 

May 

14. 

Joseph  Smith, 

April 

29. 

Thomas  Harrison, 

May 

24,  deserted  May  27. 

Henry  Hicer, 

n 

15. 

James  Callaghan, 

April 

23. 

Casper  Shleker, 

« 

22. 

Conrad  Hyne, 

May 

7. 

Francis  Herman, 

April 

22,  deserted  April  25. 

William  Davis, 

a 

5. 

Jacob  Weiss, 

May 

15. 

Jeremiah  Eichards, 

April 

5. 

Frederick  Hill, 

June 

8. 

Abraham  Solomon, 

tt 

14. 

Stoffel  Mingle, 

May 

12. 

Christian  Beckel, 

June 

9. 

William  Pink, 

March 

9. 

William  Douglass, 

tt 

16,  deserted  June  17. 

Casper  Hill, 

tt 

8. 

Abraham  Price, 

April 

5. 

Nicholas  Home, 

May 

7. 

Jacob  Crider, 

C  I 

24. 

John  Hill, 

April 

29.     Attestation  lost. 

Wm  Depon, 

tt 

22. 

Christian  Lewalt, 

March 

3. 

Jno.  Lethrin, 

(4 

26. 

LIST  OF  EECRUITS  ENLISTED 
1782.  Daniel  Sullivan 
John  Stewart 
William  Schutz 
Jacob  Shirk 
Eichard  Allison 
William  Eobinson 
William  Wade 
William  Maypowder 


BY  CAPT.  JOHN  DOYLE.— 
John  Gordon 
Luke  Jolly 
James  Anderson 
1783.  Eichard  Hackett 
Eichard  Biggs 
James  Davidson 
Daniel  Mclntire. 


EICHD  HUMPTON, 
Recruiting  Service  Penna  Line. 


*                                      "  ' 
150                              Notes  and  Queries. 

Q 

ACCOUNTS  OF  THE  COMPANY  COMMANDED   BY   CAPT.  JEREMIAH 
LOCHEEY,   STATIONED  IN  WESTMORELAND  COUNTY  FOR  THE  DE- 

FENCE OF  THE  FRONTIERS,  1780.  — 

Commencement. 

Ending. 

Jeremiah  Lochrey,  Capt. 

April  10 

Dec.  15 

James  Irwin,  Lieut. 

"     10 

Oct.   10 

William  Ralston,  Sergt. 

"     11 

"     10 

"             "          Ensign 

Oct.    11 

Dec.  15 

Joseph  Eobinson,  Lieut. 

"      11 

"     15 

Thomas  McCall,  Serg4 

April  22 

"     15 

Norman  McLeod,    ' 

"     22 

"     15 

Geo.  Brannon, 

Oct.    11 

"     15 

Michael  Hare,  private, 

April  25 

Oct.   10 

"      Serg't. 

Oct.    11 

Dec.  15 

John  Mifflin,                  private, 

April  17 

Oct.   10 

William  Breavor, 

a 

"     13 

"     10 

John  Hays, 

a 

"     11 

"     10 

Daniel  McConnell, 

it 

"     15 

"     10 

Adam  Pricker, 

tt 

"     19 

Dec.  15 

James  Pinks, 

(l 

"     20 

"     15 

Abraham  Festis, 

a 

"     20 

Oct.  15 

Isaac  Pollings, 

1  1 

"     15 

"     15 

Jacob  Rudolph, 

it 

"     14 

Dec.  15 

Solomon  Aitkins, 

i  t 

«     17 

Oct.   10 

George  Hillis, 

(  i 

«     17 

Dec.  15 

Andrew  Herboch, 

(( 

"     19 

Oct.  10 

Joseph  Lynn, 

t  t 

"     25 

"     10 

James  Shellin, 

tt 

"     25 

Dec.  15 

Lewis  Williams, 

1  1 

"     20 

Oct.   15 

Thomas  Cunningham, 

it 

"     26 

"     15 

John  Mellton, 

1  1 

"     26 

"     15 

Jacob  Barrickman, 

it 

«     26 

"     15 

Joshua  Kennedy, 

tt 

"     26 

"     15 

Jeremiah  Gullion, 

t 

"     18 

"     15 

John  Gullion, 

t 

Oct.    11 

Dec.  15 

Daniel  Kahili. 

t 

"      11 

"     15 

Samuel  Patterson, 

t 

"      11 

"     15 

Samuel  Wilson, 

( 

"      11 

"     15 

Kerrey  Quigley, 

t 

"      11 

"     15 

Walter  McPherson, 

t 

"      11 

"     15 

Robert  Donohoo, 

t 

"      11 

"     15 

John  Hazleton, 

t 

"      11 

«     15 

Geo  Donnelly, 

' 

"      11 

"     15 

John  Brothers, 

t 

"      11 

"     15 

John  Moore, 

t 

"      11 

"     15 

Michael  Jordan, 

t 

"      11 

"     15 

Andrew  Stewart, 

t 

"      11 

"     15 

JEREMIAH  LOCHREY 
ACCOUNT  OF  BALANCES    DUE  THE  NON-COMMISSIONED  OFFICERS 

AND   PRIVATES   OF   CAPT.    BOYD'S   COMPANY   OF   RANGERS. — 

Sergeants:  Henry  Dugan,  David  Beates,  William  Ward,  Dovington 
Price. 


Notes  and  Queries.  151 

Corporals :  William  Alligans,  Stephen  Gobble,  Abram  Boddle,  Mar- 
shall Gallowy. 

Privates:  Torrence  Grimes,  Joseph  Martin,  dec'd.,  Felix  McKinney, 
Jno.  Whelair,  Richard  Corps  [?],  John  Thomas,  dec'd.,  John  Crossin, 
James  Grimes,  Henry  Simens,  James  Hall,  Joshua  Burton,  Samuel 
Hassell,  William  Jones,  George  Jones,  Low  Curtz,  Eobert  Aitkins, 
John  Downey,  James  Paxton,  Jacob  Creirston,  John  Conrad,  dec'd., 
Samuel  Samson,  Isaac  Arters,  John  Grimes,  Daniel  Colvert,  Samuel 
Kennedy,  Solomon  Sparks,  Benjamin  Frazer,  Stephen  Archer,  William 
Tucker,  dec'd.,  William  Nichols,  dec'd.,  John  Downey  Jr.,  Moses  Bow- 
man, John  Arters. 

FROM  THE  LIST  OF  RECRUITS  FOR  THE  FIFTH  PENNSYLVANIA 
LINE,  made,  by  Lieutenant  James  McCulloch,  we  find  that  the  follow- 
ing names  do  not  appear  on  the  Roster  of  the  regiment  as  given  in  the 
Pennsylvania  Archives,  Second  Series,  Vol.  X.  : 

William  Hollis,  April  11,  1778. 

John  Watt,  April  12,  1778. 

James  Haslet,  May  9,  1778. 

William  Johns,  May  26,  1778. 

Michael  Deburgh,  May  26,  1778. 

John  McClean,  May  27,  1778. 

John  Flaherty,  June  1,  1778. 

John  James,  July  25,  1778. 

Nathaniel  Weelwright,  July  25,  1778. 

Michael  Druid,  July  28,  1778. 

LIST  OF  RECRUITS  OBTAINED  BY  LIEUTENANT  THOMAS  BOYD, 
PENNSYLVANIA  STATE  REGIMENT,  1777. — 

Andrew  Mills,              April  25.  John  King,  May    1. 

William  Spencer,             "     28.  Ferdinand  Iwartz,  "       5. 

John  Simmons,                "     29.  Philip  Smith,  "       5. 

John  Stewart,                   "     30.  Baltzar  Hartzough,  "     18. 
Archibald  Dougherty,     "       1. 

A  ROLL  OF  MILITIA  STATIONED  AT  PRICKET'S  FORT,  MONONGA- 
HELA  COUNTY,  UNDER  CAPT.  ZADOCK  SPRINGER,  1777. — 
Capt.  Springer,       enlisted  July  15. 


Ensign  Hayman, 
Serg*  Husk, 
Martin  Hardin, 
Valentine  McDonald, 
Christian  Coffman, 
David  Reed, 


23. 
15. 
15. 
15. 
15. 
15. 


Ichabod  Stanberry,       "         "      15. 
John  Monear,  "         "      17. 

Richard  Fields,  "         "     17. 

Elijah  Kerr,  "         "     20. 

Patrick  Morgan,  "         "     23. 

Jacob  Feigley,  "         "     28. 

Emas  Pittegon,  "         "     19. 

I  hereby  Certify  that  the  above  is  a  true  account  of  the  men  stationed 
at  Pricket's  Fort  under  my  Command,  this  3d  day  of  August,  1777. 

ZADOCK  SPRINGER. 


152  Notes  and  Queries. 

£ 

PAY  EOLL  OF  CAPTAIN  ANDREW  McKEE's  Co.  OF  THE  4TH.  CLASS 
CUMBERLAND  Co.  MILITIA  in  the  Service  of  the  United  States,  Com- 
manded by  Col.  Samuel  Lyon,  Commencing  Nov.  4th  1777. 

Captain,  Andrew  McKee. 

First  Lieut.  Matthew  Laird. 

Second  do.    Alex.  Litle. 

Sergeants,  John  Watson, 
do.          Moses  Watson, 
do.          William  French. 

Privates. 

John  Love.  James  Ealson. 

German  Jacobs.  Alen  Sexon. 

John  Parker.  George  Litle. 

Win.  Aplebee.  William  McKee. 

Frederick  Duie.  Hugh  McMulen. 

John  Wierhorn.  Alen  Leeper. 

Jacob  Clouser.  Samuel  Eead. 

George  Coiner.  John  Stitt. 

James  Eobinson.  Christian  Lafery. 

John  Leeth.  William  Greer. 

Andrew  Galbraith.  Nicholas  Bush. 

George  Jamison.  George  Nimmon. 

Henry  Deerfield.  Henry  Hays. 

Eobert  Stevenson.  Charles  O'Nail. 

Frederick  Eeinhart.  John  Caruthers. 

Philip  Miler.  Pence  Long. 

Jacob  Atchinson. 

LIST  OF  EECRUITS  OBTAINED  BY  WILLIAM  HUSTON,  ADJUTANT 
OF  COL.  THOMAS  HARTLEY'S  PENNSYLVANIA  LINE,  1778. — 

Joseph  Williams,  Eobert  Pendergrass, 

James  Johnston,  William  Hastings, 

John  Menholm,  Ephraim  Donnelly, 

Hugh  Sweeney,  James  Wright, 

James  Thornton,  James  Homes, 

Joshua  Green,  John  Smith, 

William  Adden,  Barnabas  Turner, 

John  Gray,  James  Dougherty. 
Pat.  Eyons, 

THE  STATE  OF  PENNSYLVANIA  IN  ACCOUNT  WITH  CAPT.  ALEX. 
PARKER  FOR  EECRUITING  THE  FOLLOWING  EECRUITS,  viz  : 

John  Hackenburg,  John  McGinniss, 

John  Biddle,  James  Juson, 

Patrick  Handly,  George  Gee, 

Ed.  Price,  John  Merson, 

Adam  Clealand,  James  O'Neil, 

John  Hanah,  John  Jurden, 

Thomas  Gelty,  James  Eobinson. 

ALEX.  PARKER, 

Oapt.  2d  Penna.  Regt. 


Notes  and  Queries. 


153 


LIST  OF  EECRUITS  FOR  THE  FIRST  AND  THIRTEENTH  PENNSYL- 
VANIA LINE,  BY  LIEUT.  JOSEPH  COLLIER,  1778. — 


Thirteenth  Penna.  Line. 


First  Penna.  Line. 

Jacob  Hardy,  Oct.  14th. 

William  Burns,  "  24th. 

Kobert  Hurst,  "  26th. 

William  McMun,  Nov.  9th. 

Andrew  Kays,  "  16th. 

Jacob  Cleggs,  "  28th. 

John  Wilcott,  Dec.  7th. 

James  Learney,  "  8th. 

Eobert  Squires,  "  20th. 

John  Solsman,  "  29th. 
James  McCartney, 
James  Jones, 


EETURN  OF  CAPT.  I.  CRAIG'S  COMPANY  OF  ARTILLERY,  at  Fort 
Pitt,  March  30,  1781. 


Jacob  Herst, 
Martin  Brahet, 
Thomas  Bigley, 
James  Christey, 
Arthur  McCue, 
John  Twener, 
John  Anderson, 
John  Coghran, 
William  Stewart, 
Alexander  Ewing, 
Kobert  Sternon, 
John  McCleand, 
Jacob  Slegal, 

Jany     16th. 
13th. 
"        26th. 
Feb.        6th. 
"        12th. 
March    2d. 
"        3d. 
"       7th. 
"      19th. 
"      19th. 
"      28th. 
April    20th. 
"      23d. 

Thomas  Wiggins, 

William  Clark, 
Timothy  Lane, 

James  Fitzsimons, 
Jonathan  Trickle, 
James  Burns  Senr., 
Patrick  Crawford, 
Charles  Eitz, 
Peter  Olinger, 
Barney  Cunningham, 


Elias  Williams. 
Corporals. 

Bombadiers. 
Matrosses. 


Samuel  Blackwood, 

John  Harris. 
Peter  Tybout, 

John  Tome, 
Charles  Conrad, 
James  Burns  Jr., 
Conrad  Hartman, 
George  Thompson, 
John  Gretzinger. 


THE  ANCESTRY  OF  EGBERT  MORRIS,  THE  "FINANCIER  OF  THE 
EEVOLUTION." — In  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Orphans'  Court  of 
Dorchester  County,  Maryland,  is  a  record-book  which  originally  had 
been  Ledger  B  of  Eobert  Morris,  the  father  of  the  ' '  Financier  of  the 
Eevolution."  On  its  first  page  is  the  account  of  "Eobert  Morris 
Junior,"  who  is  charged  "To  Bal.  from  Leg1"  A  to  the  time  you  left 
Liverpool,  £46.15.6  stg,"  and  followed  by  sundry  charges  for  cash, 
clothing,  books,  etc.,  between  1748  and  1750. 

Laus  Deo  Maryland —  1747 — 

Ledger  B. 

Belonging  to  and  containing  the  Accounts  and  Dealings  of  the  sub- 
scriber, son  of  Andrew  Morris,  mariner,  and  Mauslin  his  wife  of  Liver- 
pool in  the  County  of  Lancaster  in  Great  Britain,  where  the  subscriber 
was  Born  April  the  Seventh  Day,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  Thousand 
seven  Hundred  &  Eleven.  On  the  17th  of  April  1747  the  Ballances 
Transferred  from  a  Former  Ledger  into  this  were  Justly  Due  to  and  from 

[signed]        EGBERT  MORRIS. 


154  Notes  and  Queries. 

Following  the  account  of  "Robert  Morris  Junior"  is  "An  Acct.  of 
Merchandise  Received  at  Sundry  Times  on  Account  of  Foster  Cunliffe 
Esq  &  Sons,"  and  of  shipments  of  tobacco  made  on  the  "Cunliffe," 
Captain  John  Prichard,  in  June  and  November,  1743. 

ROBERT  MORRIS  JUNIOR  Dr. 

Pennsylvau.     ofprlin™ 
Currency.       btemnS- 

1748 

To  Bal  from  Ledgr  A  to  the  time  you 

left  Liverpool     .         .         .  14.15.6 

Sept.  17.  To  Mr  Robert  Greenawaya  Book  5/  paid 

you -  10.0 

Octo.  20.  To  Cash  so  much  given  you  at  sundry 

times 3.10.0 

To   Cash  paid  for  Books  £4.2.  forward- 
ing 15/8     4.17.8 

To  Mr.  Geo.  Okill  for  Sundries  to  July 

20  as  per  his  bill        .         .         .         .        4.   5.5£ 
Nov     1.  To  Sundry  Books  as  per  Catalogue,  Prime 

Cost 8.   5.0 

To  Blue  Braid  Cloth  with   Shaloon  & 

buttons  for  suit  of  Clothes  .  1.10.0 

To  Penknives  1  fountain  Pen  1  Pencill 
Sundries    ......  13.6 

1749 
May     1.  To  4  White  &   Check  Shirts,    6  Caps, 

1  hankf  1  pr.  gt.  Canebank         .         .  2.15.6 

June    9.  To  Mr  Robt.  Greenaway  for  Sundries  to 

this  Day 15.   8.8 

July  10.  To  6 \  doz  Bottles  Ale    ....        4.11.0 
Oct.   11.  To  4  p.  light  p.  Dave  Jones  .         .         1.10.0 

To  G.  Okill  omitted  in  a  former  a/c        .  15.0 

1750 

Sept.  10.  To  Drs  for  a  slate  and  2  pr  Stockings     .  18.6 

To    Robert    Greenaway    for    schooling 

Books  per  Acct 18.   5.2 

To  Cash  for  1  Pistole     .         .         .         .         1.  7.0 
To  paper  money  23/1  1  Pistole  pd  for  a 
pr.  Fustian 2.10.0 

The  Lord  giveth  and  The  Lord  taketh 
away     Blessed  be  the  name  of  the  Lord. 

THE  REV.  JOHN  MONTGOMERY,  A.M.,  whose  untimely  death  is 
noted  by  Mrs.  Arnold  in  her  letter  of  October  5,  1802,  to  her  father 
(PENNA.  MAG.,  Vol.  XXV.  p.  481),  was  a  graduate  of  the  Philadelphia 
College  and  Academy  in  1766.  On  his  return  from  England,  whither 
he  went  for  ordination,  he  became  rector  of  St.  Anne's,  Annapolis,  and 
in  1775  married  Margaret,  daughter  of  Hon.  Walter  Dulany,  of  that 
city.  In  a  few  years  they  went  to  England,  whither  some  of  his  wife's 
Tory  kin  had  preceded  them,  and  for  some  time  dwelt  in  London, 
where  he  was  occupied  in  clerical  duties  ;  and  about  1798  he  was  pre- 
sented to  the  living  of  Ledbury  by  the  Bishop  of  Hereford,  where  he  is 
buried.  Many  of  his  letters  are  preserved  in  the  Dulany  family  in 


Notes  and  Queries. 


155 


Maryland,  and  are  quoted  from  by  Miss  Murray  in  her  "  One  Hundred 
Years  Ago."  The  printer  of  Mrs.  Arnold's  letter  gave  his  wife's  name 
"Miss  Delancy  of  Maryland,"  and  Hertfordshire  instead  of  Hereford. 

T.  H.  M. 


A  RARE  WORK  added  to  the  library  of  the  Historical  Society  of 
Pennsylvania.  — 

Beschreibung  |  Der  in  America  neu-erfundenen  |  Provinz  |  Pensylva- 
nien.  |  Derer  Inwohner  Gesetz  Arth  Sit  |  ten  und  Gebrauch:  |  Auch 
samtlicher  Keviren  des  Landes  |  Sonderlich  der  Haupt-Stadt  |  Phila- 
delphia |  Alles  glaubwurdigest  |  Ausz  des  Gouverneurs  darinnen  erstat- 
teten  |  Nachricht. 

In  Verlegung  bey  Henrich  Hensz  an  der  Banco  im  Jahr  1684. 
Title,  one  leaf.     Text,  32  pp.     Plan  of  Philadelphia. 


4to. 


(Slueries. 

MINOR. — Genealogical  data  is  wanted  of  Nicholas  Minor,  who  served 
in  Lee's  Light  Horse  during  the  Revolution. 

J.  E.  M. 

STEDMAN — COOKE. — Alexander  Stedman  married,  at  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Philadelphia,  July  23,  1792,  Juliet  Cooke,  of  Virginia. 
Wanted,  names  of  parents  of  Alexander  and  Juliet. 

C.   H.  C. 

HULL. — Who  were  the  parents,  brothers  or  sisters,  of  Sergeant  John 
Hull,  of  the  Thirteenth  and  Seventh  Regiments  Virginia  Continental 
Line,  Revolutionary  War?  He  died  in  Pittsburg  about  1805. 

0.  S.  DECKER. 

GRINNELL. — Information  is  requested  concerning  Thomas  Grinnell, 
who  during  a  part  of  the  Revolution  commanded  the  ship  "Congress." 
He  was  captured  and  taken  to  England,  and  afterwards  returned  to 
America,  and  died  in  1818. 

E.  G.  P. 
NEW  YORK. 

ALEXANDER. — In  the  ' '  Pennsylvania  Archives,' '  Second  Series,  under 
the  head  of  "Pennsylvania  in  the  Revolution,"  there  is  given  the  ser- 
vices of  Alexander  Alexander.  Can  any  reader  of  the  Magazine  state 
anything  further  in  regard  to  his  history,  such  as  from  what  county  did 
he  go  to  the  war,  his  nationality,  and  what  became  of  him  afterwards  ? 


TAYLOR. — John  Taylor  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1765  ;  Sarah 
Butler  was  born  in  Chester,  Pennsylvania,  June  1,  1766  ;  they  were 
married  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  Philadelphia,  June  1,  1789.  Afterwards 
they  moved  to  Trenton  and  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey.  Can  any  one 
give  information  which  will  aid  in  tracing  the  ancestry  of  John  Taylor  ? 

W.  H.  T. 


156  Notes  and  Queries. 

MILLER.— Henry  Miller,  of  Broad  Top,  Huntingdon  County,  Penn- 
sylvania, was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812  and  was  shot  in  the  leg  by  an 
Indian.  Can  any  reader  of  the  Magazine  state  in  what  company  or 
regiment  he  was  or  anything  of  his  history  ?  Several  Henry  Millers 
are  found  in  the  list  of  Pennsylvania  troops  in  the  war,  but  nothing  has 
been  seen  to  clearly  identify  this  one. 

W.  A.  MILLER. 

LIBRARY  OF  CONGRESS,  WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

WASHINGTON  PORTRAIT. — In  Samuel's  ''Index  to  American  Por- 
traits" in  the  PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE  for  October,  1901,  there  is 
a  portrait  noted  of  Washington  in  Noah  Webster's  Spelling-Book,  Hart- 
ford, 1783,  Frontispiece.  Can  any  of  your  readers  give  a  description 
of  this  portrait,  as  to  whether  it  is  engraved  on  copper,  wood,  or  type- 
metal,  and  where  a  copy  of  it  may  be  found  ?  The  author  of  the  Index 
has  mislaid  his  notes  of  this  picture. 

CHARLES  HENRY  HART. 

PORTRAIT  OF  WASHINGTON. — The  Burlington  Library  Company,  of 
Burlington,  New  Jersey,  by  bequest  from  Jane  D.  Gauntt,  has  recently 
come  into  possession  of  a  life-size  bust  portrait  of  George  Washington.  It 
is  painted  on  glass,  and  has  been  treasured  by  the  family  for  many  years 
as  a  rare  and  valuable  work.  The  tradition  in  the  family  is  ' '  that  there 
were  eight  of  them  painted,  and  that  this  came  from  a  relative  of  the  donor, 
a  Mr.  Allen,  who  was  an  importing  merchant  in  the  East  India  trade  in 
the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth  century." 

It  will  be  of  much  interest  to  the  Library  Company  if  any  of  the 
readers  of  the  PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE  can  give  any  information 
relating  to  it. 

E.  J.  BUTTON. 

BURLINGTON,  NEW  JERSEY. 

PORTER  FAMILIES  OF  CHESTER  COUNTY  AND  YORK  COUNTY, 
PENNSYLVANIA. — In  Egle's  "Notes  and  Queries,"  1897,  p.  121,  sub- 
stantially identical  with  the  version  originally  contained  in  the  ' '  Sketch 
of  the  M'Creary  Family,"  by  Miss  Harriet  M'Creary,  Gettysburg, 
Pennsylvania,  1882,  it  is  stated  that  these  Porters  were  descended  from 
John  Porter,  colonist,  of  Windsor,  Connecticut,  through  his  eldest  son, 
John  Porter,  Jr.,  the  connecting  link,  according  to  Miss  M'Creary's 
account,  being  set  forth  as  follows  : 

"3rd  Generation — Samuel,  fourth  son  of  John  and  Mary  (Stanley) 
Porter,  was  born  March  5th,  1664.  He  left  Connecticut  and  went 
southward — settled  in  the  southern  part  of  Chester  County,  Pa.,  where 
his  family  appear  to  have  been  prosperous  and  respectable,  and  were 
considered  wealthy  farmers  in  their  day.  And  when  the  country  west 
of  the  Susquehanna  Eiver  was  thrown  open  to  settlers  two  of  his  grand- 
sons, Nathaniel  and  William  Porter  (brothers)  crossed  the  river  and 
settled  in  York  (now  Adams)  County.  Nathaniel,  who  was  several 
years  older  than  his  brother,  had  married  Sarah  Maffitt,  a  lady  of  Scotch 
parentage,  of  Cecil  County,  Md." 

In  the  "National  Illustrated  Magazine,"  Vol.  I.,  No.  7,  Washington, 
D.C.,  1884,  the  biographer  of  Governor  James  D.  Porter,  of  Tennessee, 
says  of  Samuel  that  he  "settled  in  Chester  County,  Pa.,  married  and 
reared  a  large  family ;  his  son  William,  born  1695,  owned  and  lived 
upon  his  father's  homestead." 


Notes  and  Queries.  157 

That  this  pedigree  is  not  correct  is  shown  by  a  search  of  the  records 
deposited  in  the  State  Library  at  Hartford,  Connecticut.  "Samuell 
sonn  of  John  Porter  was  borne  :  march  5-1664"  ("Connecticut  Colony 
Land  Records/'  Vol.  I.  folio  54,  "Windsor  children's  age")  ;  "Samuel 
Porter  Dyed  November  16th  1694."  (Ibid.,  p.  50) ;  Agreement  dated 
January  12,  1688,  regarding  the  lands  of  "or  father  John  Porter  of 
Windsor,"  signed  by  John  Porter,  James  Porter,  Nathaniel  Porter,  and 
Samuel  Porter  ;  "  An  agreement  between  ye  brethern  of  Samuell  Porter 
deceased  of  Windsor  concerning  ye  devition  of  his  estate,"  signed  by 
John  Porter,  Timothy  Lomas,  Joseph  Porter,  '"  w«»  ye  consent  of  his 
guardean  Jno  Moore."  James  Porter,  Hezekiah  Porter,  Enoch  Drake, 
Thomas  Lomas,  Nathaniel  Porter,  Nathaniel  Lomas ;  "A  Speciall  Court 
held  at  Hartford  Decembr  25,  1694."  .  .  .  "  An  Inventory  of  the  estate 
of  Samuel  porter  was  exhibited  in  court  &  oath  made  by  John  porter 
that  there  was  a  True  presentment  of  the  estate  of  the  deceased  so  far  as 
at  prsent  he  knows  &  If  more  comes  to  knowledg  he  will  cause  it  to  be 
aded  to  the  Inventory.  This  Court  Grants  administration  on  the  estate 
to  James  &  Nathaniel  porter  who  are  to  pay  the  debt  in  the  first  place  & 
the  remaynder  of  the  estate  is  to  be  distributed  to  each  of  the  brothers  & 
sisters  by  equall  proportion  and  [  ?]  heyden  &  return  strong  are  to 
distribute  the  estate  to  the  legatees  the  lands  to  be  wholly  to  the  sonns  & 
If  any  land  fall  to  the  sons  more  then  their  portions  comes  to  they  are  to 
pay  to  their  sisters  what  they  shall  be  appoynted  by  the  said  Strong  & 
Heyden  ;"  "  Windsor  december  19  :  1694.  An  Inventory  taken  of  the 
Estate  of  Samuel  porter  deceased."  Eeal  and  personal  amounting  to 
£210.  "  The  Legatees  or  those  next  of  kind  The  Bretheren  &  sisters  of 
samuel  porter  John  Porter  James  porter  Nath  Porter  Hezekiah  porter 
Joseph  Porter  Sarah  drake  Hannah  Loomys  Eebecka  Loomys  Kuth 
Loomys."  ("Hartford  Probate  Records,"  Vol.  V.  p.  278,  and  Re- 
verse End,  p.  196.) 

Accepting  the  above  evidence  as  conclusive,  the  authentic  pedigree 
begins  with  William  Porter,  who  married  Mary  Price,  daughter  of 
Thomas  and  Ann  Price.  There  appears  to  be  no  evidence  that  he 
"  owned  and  lived  upon  his  father's  homestead."  His  first  land  warrant 
(Churchman  Papers)  was  dated  May  10,  1734,  and  was  for  land  located 
in  Elk  Township,  a  little  west  of  Lewisville,  Chester  County.  In  1688  a 
"William  Porter  was  among  the  witnesses  who  signed  the  marriage  cer- 
tificate of  Henry  Hollingsworth  of  New  Castle,  Pa."  (PESTNA.  MAG., 
Vol.  XXII.  p.  376);  "1718.  William  Porter.  Kennett.  Servant- 
unmarried"  appeared  on  the  list  of  taxables  ;  and  April  16,  1727,  Wil- 
liam Porter  was  a  witness  to  the  will  of  William  Reynolds,  of  West  Not- 
tingham. Probably  the  last-mentioned  William  Porter  was  the  only  one 
identical  with  the  subject  of  this  note. 

William  Porter  was  commissioned  a  captain  for  the  French  and  Indian 
War,  February  8,  1747-8,  in  the  Associate  Regiments  of  Chester  County 
("Penna.  Archives,"  Second  Series,  Vol.  II.  p.  506).  His  will,  pro- 
bated at  West  Chester  August  3,  1749,  does  not  mention  a  son  Nathaniel, 
but  there  was  one  of  that  name  who  had  a  brother  William,  who  was  a 
son  of  James  Porter,  of  West  Nantmeal. 

William  Porter,  "heir  at  Law"  of  William  and  Mary  Porter  (Deed 
Book  Z,  p.  429,  West  Chester,  Pennsylvania),  married  Sarah  Piersol, 
daughter  of  John  and  Alice  Piersol,  of  Chester  County,  and  not  Sarah 
Percival,  as  in  pp.  72,  73  and  Chart,  "The  Ancestry  of  Benjamin 


158  Notes  and  Queries. 

Harrison,"  by  Charles  P.   Keith,  Esq.     They  were  great-great-grand- 
parents of  Benjamin  Harrison,  President  of  the  United  States. 

Further  information  concerning  the  ancestry  and  descendants  of  the 
various  Porter  families  of  Chester  County  and  York  County,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  of  Delaware  and  Maryland,  will  be  appreciated  by  the 
undersigned. 

PORTER  FARQUHARSON  COPE. 

4806  CHESTER  AVENUE,  PHILADELPHIA. 


motices. 

THE  PIONEER  WOMEN  OF  WYOMING.  An  Address  before  the  Wy- 
oming Valley  Chapter  Daughters  of  the  American  Kevolution. 
By  Frederick  C.  Johnson,  M.D. 

There  is  no  field  where  women' s  share  of  labor  and  suffering  has  been 
greater  than  in  the  pioneer  community  of  the  Wyoming  Valley.  Of 
her  devotion,  her  self-sacrifice,  and  her  undaunted  courage  and  heroism 
Dr.  Johnson  rehearses  in  his  admirable  historical  address. 

A  COMPREHENSIVE  METHOD  OF  ARRANGEMENT  FOR  GENEALOGI- 
CAL EECORDS,  by  Frank  W.  Haskell,  is  the  title  of  a  handy  little 
volume,  in  which  he  presents  his  method  of  numerical  designation, 
decimal  and  digital,  for  the  arrangement  of  genealogical  records.  To 
those  who  are  engaged  in  this  work  an  examination  of  the  system  will  be 
of  service.  Copies  may  be  had  by  addressing  the  compiler,  Niagara 
Falls,  New  York. 

THE  BATTLE  OF  PELL'S  POINT  (OR  PELHAM),  OCTOBER  18,  1776.  By 
William  Abbott.  New  York,  1902.  8vo,  pp.  26.  Edition  limited 
to  five  hundred  copies.  Price,  $2.00. 

The  battle  of  Pell's  Point,  or  Pelham  Moor,  in  Westchester  County, 
New  York,  was  a  stubbornly  contested  engagement  between  a  large  force 
of  British  troops  and  a  small  detachment  of  Americans,  which  followed 
the  evacuation  of  the  city  of  New  York  by  Washington's  army.  The 
work,  which  is  based  on  original  documents,  is  liberally  illustrated  with 
scenes  of  the  battle-field,  portraits  of  the  officers  participating,  and  a 
map. 

A  CALENDAR  OF  WASHINGTON  MANUSCRIPTS  IN  THE  LIBRARY  OF 
CONGRESS.  By  Herbert  Friedenwald,  Ph.D.  Washington,  1901. 
Pp.  315. 

The  calendar  is  in  two  parts, — manuscripts  that  were  written  by  Wash- 
ington or  under  his  authority  and  documents  received  by  him.  Notable 
among  the  documents  are  the  Virginia  Articles  of  Association  of  1770  ; 
papers  relating  to  Sullivan's  Indian  expedition,  and  letters  relating  to 
the  founding  of  the  city  of  Washington.  Of  the  documents  to  Wash- 
ington are  many  dating  from  1778  to  1782,  illustrating  the  means  em- 
ployed for  obtaining  information  respecting  the  movements  of  the  enemy. 
The  index  of  names  will  greatly  aid  the  investigator. 

THE   QUAKER  :  A  STUDY  IN  COSTUME.     BY  Amelia  Mott  Gummere. 

Philadelphia,  1901.     12mo,  pp.  232. 

The  traditional  idea  of  Quakerism  always  carries  with  it  a  suggestion 
of  peculiarity  in  dress,  and  this  peculiarity  has  been  so  marked  that 


Notes  and  Queries.  159 

Quaker  life  can  hardly  be  portrayed  without  an  understanding  of  the 
garb.  Quaker  dress  and  customs  have  varied  as  the  times  have  changed, 
and  they  notably  fall  in  the  period  of  persecution,  the  reactionary 
period,  and  the  modern  period.  In  developing  these  changes,  the  coat, 
the  hat,  beards  and  wigs,  the  Quakeress  and  the  evolution  of  her  bonnet, 
are  exhaustively  and  interestingly  presented.  This  handsome  volume  is 
liberally  illustrated  with  historic  portraits  and  original  designs  of  cos- 
tumes, and  is  from  the  press  of  Ferris  &  Leach. 

ATWATER  HISTORY  AND  GENEALOGY.     By  Francis  Atwater.     Meri- 

den,  Connecticut,  1901.     8vo,  pp.  492. 

The  ancestors  of  the  Atwaters  of  America  are  traced  to  the  county  of 
Kent,  England,  where  the  earliest  mention  of  the  name  appears  in  a 
cartulary  of  the  Cathedral  church  of  Canterbury  before  the  year  1257. 
The  brothers  Joshua  and  David  Atwater,  with  their  sister  Ann,  the  first 
of  the  family  to  come  to  America,  arrived  at  Boston  in  1637,  and  were, 
with  others,  the  founders  of  the  New  Haven  Colony.  The  descendants 
of  Joshua  having  become  extinct  in  the  male  line,  the  genealogy  mainly 
embraces  the  descendants  of  David,  who  married  Damaris  Sayre,  and 
died  in  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  in  October  of  1692.  The  Atwater 
arms  in  colors,  a  pedigree  chart,  numerous  illustrations,  and  an  ex- 
haustive index  of  names  add  to  the  value  of  the  work. 

MASSACHUSETTS  VITAL  RECORDS. — The  New  England  Historic 
Genealogical  Society  proposes  to  publish,  by  a  fund  set  apart  from  the 
bequest  of  Robert  Henry  Eddy  to  the  Society,  the  Vital  Records  (births, 
marriages,  and  deaths)  of  towns  in  Massachusetts,  from  their  beginning 
to  the  year  1845,  whose  records  are  not  already  printed  or  in  process  or 
contemplation  of  printing.  There  are  about  one  hundred  and  ninety 
of  such  towns,  estimated  to  require  an  average  of  one  hundred  and  fifty 
printed  pages  for  each  town,  and  it  is  intended  to  issue,  in  books  of  oc- 
tavo size,  in  clear  type,  on  good  paper,  and  with  suitable  binding,  the 
records  of  as  many  towns  as  practicable  during  each  year  until  the  work 
is  completed.  The  Society  now  offers,  until  July  1,  1902,  the  privilege 
of  subscribing  to  this  invaluable  series  of  records  at  the  uniform  rate  of 
one  cent  per  printed  page,  which,  if  six  hundred  copies  are  printed, 
will  be  about  the  actual  cost.  This  includes  binding.  Only  a  limited 
number  of  copies  will  be  printed  ;  the  type  will  then  be  distributed  and 
the  extra  copies  held  on  sale  at  a  considerable  advance  on  the  subscrip- 
tion price.  The  records  of  each  town  will  form  a  separate  volume,  and 
any  number  of  copies  of  the  records  of  any  one  town  may  be  had  if  or- 
dered before  the  work  goes  to  press. 

All  communications  should  be  addressed  to  the  editor,  Henry  Ernest 
Woods,  18  Somerset  Street,  Boston,  Massachusetts. 

HISTORICAL  COLLECTIONS  RELATING  TO  THE  POTTS  FAMILY.  By 
Thomas  Maxwell  Potts.  8vo,  pp.  792.  Rubricated  Title  ;  Illustra- 
tions, 69  ;  Autographs,  37  ;  Tabulated  Pedigrees,  37.  The  Indexes 
cover  more  than  10,000  references.  Price,  in  buckram,  $5.00; 
half  morocco,  $6.00. 

This  historical  and  genealogical  work  is  a  handsome  volume,  and  has 
been  compiled  from  the  voluminous  accumulations  of  many  years  of 
labor  and  wide  and  critical  research.  It  is  divided  into  three  parts  : 


160  Notes  and  Queries. 

The  Potts  Family  in  Great  Britain.  By  the  late  William  John  Potts. 
This  section  is  preceded  by  a  chapter  upon  the  arms  of  Pott  or  Potts, 
and  treats  of  the  family  from  early  periods  in  the  counties  of  Chester, 
Derby,  Stafford,  Salop,  Norfolk,  Bedford,  Kent,  as  well  as  of  Wales, 
Scotland,  and  Ireland,  embracing  copious  abstracts  from  parish  regis- 
ters, abstracts  of  wills,  indexes  to  wills  and  administrations,  memorial 
inscriptions,  heralds'  visitations,  coats  of  arms,  biographies,  and  miscel- 
laneous memoranda.  The  Potts  Family  in  America.  This  section  con- 
tains some  account  of  the  first  settlers  in  America  bearing  the  name  of 
Potts,  and  also  of  branches  of  the  family  who  settled  in  Pennsylvania, 
New  Jersey,  Maryland,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Ala- 
bama, Georgia,  Mississippi,  Kentucky,  and  other  places.  Tabulated 
pedigrees  are  appended  to  many  chapters,  which  show  the  family  affilia- 
tions at  a  glance.  One  chapter  is  devoted  to  the  "  Solution  of  the  Old 
Potts  Puzzle,' '  and  another  to  the  kinship  of  the  Potts  of  Pennsylvania. 
David  Potts,  of  Philadelphia  County,  Pennsylvania,  and  his  Descendants. 
This  section  is  an  historic  genealogy  of  this  particular  line  of  the  Potts 
family,  from  the  settlement  in  the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  century 
down  to  the  present  time.  The  book  is  printed  on  heavy  tinted  paper, 
and  illustrated  with  portraits,  homes,  autographs,  arms,  etc. 

Address  all  communications  to  the  compiler  at  Canonsburg,  Pennsyl- 
vania. 


uP-- 

4     MSjFTji 

.    <- I,  K.t.-SUrf  ^IGW. 

OJJy\ntMUrr,.<HWH«''»!l«S.' 

a&NW    i-jW-F 


dar-Dl 


THE 

PENNSYLVANIA    MAGAZINE 

OF 

HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 

VOL.  XXYI.  1902.  No.  2. 

JOSEPH  GALLOWAY,  THE  LOYALIST  POLITICIAN. 

BY   ERNEST    H.    BALDWIN,    PH.D. 
A    YOUTH    AND    LAWYER. 

Joseph  Galloway  was  born  in  the  town  of  West  River, 
Anne  Arundel  County,  Maryland,  in  the  year  1731.1  His 
great-grandfather,  Richard  Galloway,  of  London,  England, 
acquired  considerable  land  in  Lord  Baltimore's  province  in 
1662,  thus  indicating  that  he  was  a  man  of  good  fortune 
and  respectability.2  Richard  Galloway's  grandson,  Peter 
Bines  Galloway,  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Rigbie  by 
Friends'  ceremony  in  Anne  Arundel,  "  llth  Month,  9th, 
1715,"  and  became  the  father  of  Joseph.3 

In  1740  Peter  Galloway  removed  with  his  family  to  Kent 
upon  Delaware,  not  far  from  the  city  of  Philadelphia.4  The 

1  Examination,  edited  by  Balch.     This  is  the  date  accepted  by  Tyler 
(Lit.  Hist.  Am.  Rev.,  Vol.   I.  p.   370);  other  authorities  give  "about 
1730."     See  "The  Thomas  Book"  and  "Biog.  Diet." 

2  "The  Thomas  Book,"  pp.  318-320. 

3  ' '  Minutes  of  Friends'  Meetings,  Anne  Arundel  County,  Maryland. ' ' 
Peter  Galloway's  mother  died  in  England  and  was  buried  in  the  Friends' 
Burying  Ground  in  Bunfields.     Another  relative,  Ann  by  name,  was  a 
Quaker  authoress. 

4  Ibid. 

VOL.  xxvi. — 11  ( 161 ) 


162  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

reason  for  this  change  of  residence  is  not  quite  clear,  but  is 
probably  to  be  found  in  the  possession  of  property  interests 
in  that  region.1  However  that  may  be,  its  influence  upon 
the  future  career  of  young  Joseph  was  very  important,  for 
it  placed  Philadelphia,  with  all  its  advantages  and  attrac- 
tions, within  his  reach. 

The  death  of  Peter  Galloway,  while  Joseph  was  still 
quite  young,  leaving  a  large  landed  property,  may  have 
induced  the  boy  to  choose  the  study  of  the  law,  and  thus  fit 
himself  for  the  proper  care  of  such  an  estate.2  And  the 
example  of  other  sons  of  Maryland  in  seeking  the  more 
attractive  field  of  Philadelphia  for  the  exercise  of  their 
talents  may  have  had  some  influence  in  fixing  such  a  deter- 
mination in  his  mind,  and  caused  him  to  seek  that  city  for 
his  legal  studies  and  future  home. 

After  suitable  training,  probably  under  the  direction  ot 
some  prominent  lawyer,  Mr.  Galloway  was  admitted  to  the 
Bar  and  allowed  to  plead  before  the  Supreme  Court  ot 
Pennsylvania  as  early  as  1749,  or  before  he  was  twenty 
years  old.  In  the  meanwhile  he  had  obtained  a  good 
social  standing,  and  as  early  as  1748  had  been  made  a 
member  of  the  Schuylkill  Fishing  Company,  a  club  com- 
posed of  the  most  prominent  and  aristocratic  men  of 
Philadelphia.3 

1  The  Minutes  of  the  Board  of  Property.     (Penna.  Archives,  Second 
Series,  Vol.  XIX.  p.  758.) 

2  That  Peter  Galloway  was  a  man  of  large  landed  property  appears 
from  advertisements  concerning  the  settlement  of  his  estate. 

3  Martin's  "Bench  and  Bar  of  Philadelphia."     Just  how  old  Joseph 
Galloway  was  when  he  went  to  Philadelphia  is  uncertain.     He  was 
made  a  member  of   the  Schuylkill   Fishing  Company  May  1,   1748 
("History  of  the  Schuylkill  Fishing  Co."),  and  it  is  reasonable  to  sup- 
pose that  he  was  a  resident  there  for  a  year  or  two  before  he  gained  such 
a  social  recognition. 

There  is  no  evidence  that  Mr.  Galloway  studied  law  in  the  Temple, 
London.  In  his  examination  before  the  Parliamentary  Commission  in 
1779  he  made  no  mention  of  having  studied  in  England.  And  in  a 
letter  written  by  his  friend,  Ambrose  Serle,  in  1778,  from  New  York, 
where  Galloway  was  then  staying,  is  a  statement  of  the  latter's  intention 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  163 

Mr.  Galloway  still  further  enhanced  his  prospects  by  his 
marriage  in  1753  with  Grace  Growden,  the  daughter  of 
Lawrence  Growden,  an  influential  character  and  a  former 
Speaker  of  Assembly.1  The  Growdens  were  the  owners  ot 
the  famous  iron-works  at  Durham,  Pennsylvania,  and  pos- 
sessed large  means.  This  alliance  with  a  wealthy  and  in- 
fluential family,  added  to  his  native  talents,  which  were  ot 
high  order,  made  Mr.  Galloway,  as  yet  but  twenty-three 
years  old,  one  of  the  leading  young  lawyers  of  the  city. 

The  court  dockets  of  the  time  indicate  that  Mr.  Galloway 
rapidly  acquired  a  large  practice.  And  this  was  not  con- 
fined to  the  Pennsylvania  courts  only,  but  extended  to  those 
of  the  Delaware  Counties  and  to  the  Supreme  Court  ot 
I^"ew  Jersey.2  He  was  counsel  in  civil  rather  than  criminal 
cases,  and  was  a  real-estate  lawyer  primarily;  his  extant 
briefs  in  both  public  and  private  libraries  relate  chiefly  to 
land  claims,  legality  of  surveys,  and  deeds  of  sale  or  lease. 

The  careless  and  inaccurate  methods  of  surveyors  and 
the  neglect  in  the  recording  of  warrants  resulted  in  con- 
flicting claims,  and  the  services  of  a  lawyer  versed  in  the 
intricacies  of  real-estate  law  were  in  great  demand.3  In 
that  branch  of  the  law  Mr.  Galloway  became  a  recognized 

to  visit  England  "for  the  first  time"  (Stevens,  "  Facsimiles,"  No.  2053). 
Finally,  correspondence  with  the  four  Inns  of  Court,  London,  elicits  the 
information  that  the  name  of  Joseph  Galloway  nowhere  appears  upon 
their  records. 

1  Mr.  Galloway  was  married  in  Christ  Church,  Philadelphia,  and,  in 
Quaker  phraseology,  "  by  a  priest"  (Marriage  Eecords  of  Christ  Church). 
This  marriage  was  a  happy  one,  and  its  issue  consisted  of  three  sons,  all 
of  whom  died  very  young,  and  a  daughter,  Elizabeth,  who  lived  to 
share  her  father's  exile  and  subsequently  married  in  England.     (See 
Keith's  "Provincial  Councillors.") 

It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  John  Dickinson,  Mr.  Galloway's  lifelong 
rival,  also  married  the  daughter  of  a  Speaker  of  Assembly,  Mr.  Norris, 
and  that  both  subsequently  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  such  political  in- 
fluence and  advice. 

2  Examination,  edited  by  Balch. 

3  See  W.    E.    Shepherd,    "History  of  Proprietary   Government  in 
Pennsylvania." 


164  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

authority.  Suits  for  the  recovery  of  debts,  knotty  ques- 
tions connected  with  the  execution  of  wills,  and  admiralty 
cases  also  occupied  his  attention.  Thus  he  was  largely 
concerned  with  matters  relating  to  property  rights.  This 
important  fact  should  not  be  overlooked  in  seeking  an  ex- 
planation of  his  later  conduct.  Not  only  was  he  a  large  land- 
owner himself,  but  he  was  thrown  into  the  closest  relations 
with  property  holders,  and  learned  to  regard  them  and  their 
interests  as  paramount  and  the  protection  of  property  as 
one  of  the  most  essential  duties  of  government.1 

The  autograph  briefs  of  Mr.  Galloway  illustrate  the  great 
care  and  thoroughness  with  which  he  prepared  for  the  cases 
placed  in  his  charge,  and  show  that  he  was  systematic  in  the 
conduct  of  them.  The  questions  he  proposed  to  ask  wit- 
nesses were  carefully  worded  and  written  out  beforehand ; 
and  the  various  courses  to  be  pursued,  depending  upon  the 
different  answers  which  might  be  given,  were  outlined. 
The  careful  attention  to  detail  and  the  close  application 
practised  by  him  were  excellent  training  for  the  leadership 
he  was  to  take  in  Provincial  affairs  in  later  years,  and  laid 
the  foundation  for  the  place  he  occupied  in  the  front  rank 
of  Pennsylvania  lawyers.  It  is  not  surprising  that  his  ser- 
vices were  in  demand  in  the  most  important  civil  suits  in 
the  Province  from  1760  on,  especially  land  suits  in  which 
the  Proprietor  was  a  party;  or  that  in  1769  he  was  one  of 
the  three  members  of  the  Ear  called  to  testify  before  the 
Supreme  Court  as  to  "  the  custom  in  the  province  in  taking 
acknowledgments  of  deeds  by  married  women/7  2 

Mr.  Galloway's  legal  talents  were  of  especial  service  in 

1  Besides   the  large  property  inherited  by  Mr.   Galloway  and  that 
obtained  by  marriage,  he  came  into  the  possession  of  considerable  as  a 
legal  adviser,  often  receiving  a  certain  proportion  of  the  land  in  dispute 
as  his  fee  (Testimony  before  the  Loyalist  Commission,  MSB.  Congres- 
sional Library).     This  was  a  not  uncommon  practice.     At  the  time  of 
the  breaking  out  of   the  ^Revolution   Mr.  Galloway   was  one  of   the 
wealthiest  men  in  the  Colonies.    His  estate,  which  was  confiscated  by  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania,  was  estimated  to  be  worth  forty  thousand  pounds. 

2  MS.  Penna.  Reports  145,  Law  Association  Library,  Philadelphia, 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  165 

the  Pennsylvania  Assembly,  of  which  body  he  became  a 
member  in  1756.  In  the  drafting  of  laws  the  wording  of 
which  required  special  care  he  was  of  great  assistance.  In 
1758  he  was  manager  of  the  prosecution  before  the  Assem- 
bly of  the  Moore-Smith  libel  case.  In  1759  he  was  very 
prominent  in  the  advocacy  of  a  bill  for  recording  warrants  and 
surveys,  a  subject  with  which  he  was  fully  competent  to  deal. 

As  further  evidence  of  his  legal  attainments,  contem- 
porary testimony  may  be  offered.  In  the  course  of  a  debate 
held  in  the  Assembly  in  1761,  "  Mr.  Galloway  remarkably 
displayed  his  talents  of  eloquence  and  an  extensive  knowl- 
edge of  the  laws  of  England  and  the  judicial  processes  used 
in  our  mother  country."  l  Another  writer  mentions  him  as  a 
"  favorite  pleader"  in  the  courts.2  He  frequently  met  as  his 
legal  opponents  John  Dickinson,  Andrew  and  James  Allen, 
and  James  Tilghman,  all  famous  Philadelphia  barristers.3 

In  recognition  of  his  attainments  as  a  lawyer  and  public 
man,  Mr.  Galloway  was  given  the  degree  of  LL.D.  by  Prince- 
ton College  in  1769.4  At  that  time  he  was  the  most  promi- 
nent lawyer  and  politician  residing  in  the  Province  of  Penn- 
sylvania.5 

A    MEMBER    OF   ASSEMBLY. 

Political  conditions  in  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1756  were  unusual.  A  Colony  founded  and  largely  con- 
trolled by  a  religious  sect  whose  principles  forbade  war 
found  it  necessary  to  levy  military  taxes  and  provide  for 
military  enlistments.  The  savage  fighting  of  the  French 
and  Indian  War  was  going  on  right  at  its  own  doors.  The 
Quaker  majority  in  control  of  the  Assembly  met  this  situ- 
ation tardily  and  with  reluctance ;  they  themselves  claimed 

1  Samuel  Foulke's  Journal,  PENNA.  MAG.,  Vol.  VIII.  p.  409. 

2  PENNA.  MAG.,  Vol.  XIX.  p.  266. 

3  The  Diary  of  Jacob  Hiltzheimer,  p.  27. 

4  Records  of  Princeton  College.     This  honor  may  have  been  given  at 
the  suggestion  of  William  Franklin,  Governor  of  New  Jersey,  and  an 
intimate  friend  of  Mr.  Galloway. 

5  Benjamin  Franklin  was  at  that  time  residing  in  England,  and  Mr. 
Galloway  was  Speaker  of  the  Assembly. 


166  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

exemption  from  military  service  by  charter,  and  held  it 
to  be  the  duty  of  the  Proprietors  alone  to  protect  the 
Province. 

Although  a  militia  law  had  been  passed,  it  was  not  com- 
pulsory, and  was  declared  inadequate  to  the  situation  by  the 
Privy  Council ;  and  that  body  further  asserted  that  "  there 
was  no  cause  to  hope  for  other  measures  whilst  the  majority 
of  the  Assembly  consisted  of  persons  whose  avowed  princi- 
ples were  against  military  services."  l 

Unwilling  to  support  these  military  measures,  however, 
some  of  the  Quakers,  members  of  the  Assembly,  resigned.2 
Others,  opposed  to  more  effective  measures,  following  the 
advice  of  their  more  conscientious  leaders,  retired  and  de- 
clined a  re-election.3  It  then  became  necessary  to  send  men 
to  the  Assembly  who  would  not  scruple  to  vote  suitable 
military  protection,  and  at  the  same  time  would  serve  the 
interests  of  the  Quaker  party  and  its  German  followers. 
Mr.  Galloway  was  such  a  man.  His  qualifications  for  a 
seat  in  the  Provincial  Assembly  were  conspicuous.  Several 
years'  experience  as  a  successful  lawyer  made  him  familiar 
with  the  laws  and  the  principles  of  legislation ;  he  was  a 
practised  and  effective  speaker;  the  possession  of  consider- 
able property  made  him  conservative  and  a  proper  guardian 
of  such  interests ;  he  had  talent,  social  position,  and  influence ; 
he  was  by  training  and  association  an  adherent  and  sup- 
porter of  the  Quaker  party,  and  had  not  the  slightest  objec- 
tion to  voting  that  other  men  should  go  to  war.4 

The  earliest  mention  of  Mr.  Galloway's  name  in  coimec- 

1  Gordon,  "History  of  Pennsylvania,"  p.  339. 

2  Votes  of  Assembly,  Vol.  IV.  p.  564. 

3  Isaac  Sharpless,  "A  Quaker  Experiment  in  Government,"  p.  224. 

4  The  name  of  Joseph  Galloway  does  not  appear  on  any  of  the  records 
of  Friends'  Meetings  in  Philadelphia ;  but  that  he  was  of  Quaker  parent- 
age and  training  admits  of  no  doubt  ("Kecords  of  Friends'  Meetings, 
Anne  Arundel  Co.,  Md.").     In  an  autograph  letter  of  1756   (Smith 
MS.,  Vol.  V.,  Phila.  Library  Co.)  he  uses  the  Friendly  expressions 
"thee"  and  "thine;"   in  his  later  correspondence  he  ceased  to  use 
these  forms. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  167 

tion  with  a  seat  in  the  Assembly,  so  far  as  has  been  discov- 
ered, is  contained  in  a  letter  from  Edward  Shippen  to  his 
father,  dated  Philadelphia,  September  19,  1756,  only  ten 
days  before  the  election : 

"No  ticket  is  yet  settled  for  this  county  [Philadelphia],"  he  writes, 
"nor  can  any  be  until  the  result  of  the  yearly  meeting  at  Burlington  is 
known.  Galloway  and  Baynton  are  talked  of  by  some — Jacob  Duch6 
and  Coleman  by  others — nothing  fixed.*'  * 

The  question  then  being  discussed  at  the  "  yearly  meek 
ing"  was  whether  the  former  Quaker  members  of  the  As- 
sembly should  stand  for  re-election.  Their  refusal  to  do  so 
opened  the  way  for  Mr.  Galloway.  The  stricter  Quakers 
objected  even  to  taking  part  in  the  election,  and  sought  to 
prevent  their  sect  from  obtaining  a  majority  in  the  next 
House.  Others,  however,  feared  ill  consequences  might 
result  from  inactivity,  and  probably  supported  Mr.  Galloway 
for  reasons  mentioned  above.2  He  was,  therefore,  elected  a 
member  of  the  Assembly  from  Philadelphia  County  October 
1,  1756.3 

It  will  not  be  inappropriate  at  this  point  to  consider  for  a 
moment  the  character  of  the  body  of  which  Mr.  Galloway 
had  become  a  member,  in  which  he  was  to  take  such  a 
prominent  position,  and  over  which  he  was  destined  to 
exercise  so  much  control. 

1  "Shippen  Papers,''  edited  by  Thomas  Balch,  p.  63. 

2  There  is  an  interesting  letter  on  this  subject  written  by  James  Pem- 
berton  to   Samuel   Fothergill,    "Eleventh   month,   1756"   (quoted   in 
Sharpless,  "A  Quaker  Experiment  in  Government,"  p.  257)  : 

"...  such  friends  who  had  most  regard  to  the  preserving  our  testimony  inviolate, 
thought  it  best  to  decline  interesting  themselves  in  the  election  any  further  than  to 
prevent  a  majority  of  those  professing  with  us  being  returned  as  Representatives  in  the 
Assembly  and  would  have  preferred  that  not  one  under  the  name  should  be  chosen,  and 
for  this  reason  declined  voting  themselves,  and  many  others  influenced  by  their  ex- 
ample acted  in  like  manner  ;  but  notwithstanding  this  there  were  too  many  under  our 
name  active  in  the  election,  whom  no  arguments  could  prevail  with  to  desist,  and  by 
this  means,  and  the  apprehensions  of  others  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  ill-consequences 
of  being  inactive,  there  are  in  this  county  of  eight  members  of  the  House,  two  called 
Quakers,  and  one  that  was  owned  last  year,  and  another  who  comes  to  meeting,  but 
not  joined  in  membership." 

Was  the  latter  not  Galloway  ? 

3  Votes  of  Assembly. 


168  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

The  Colonial  Assembly  of  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth 
century  was  a  very  different  body  from  that  of  its  lineal 
descendant  of  the  twentieth.  Its  numbers  were  small,  the 
average  degree  of  intelligence  was  moderate,  its  methods  of 
conducting  business  were  careless,  and  its  facilities  for  print- 
ing, securing  information,  and  communication  with  con- 
stituents were  extremely  limited.  And  the  majority,  some- 
what ignorant,  inexperienced,  and  prejudiced,  were  apt  to 
follow,  rather  blindly,  the  leadership  of  a  man  of  educa- 
tion, and  one  who  was  able  and  disposed  to  take  the  initia- 
tive and  form  policies.1 

The  Provincial  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania,  while  it  pos- 
sessed the  above  characteristics,  was  in  some  important 
respects  different  from  its  contemporaries.  It  was  com- 
posed of  mixed  elements,  representing  not  only  different 
nationalities,  but  also  various  religious  creeds.  It  possessed 
valuable  privileges  not  accorded  to  other  Assemblies.  It 
met  and  adjourned  at  pleasure;  it  was  not  subject  to  disso- 
lution and  prorogation  by  the  Governor.  Its  rules  of  pro- 
cedure were  in  advance  of  those  of  its  sister  Assemblies ; 
its  Speaker  possessed  powers  unusual  for  those  times :  he 
could  nominate  members  of  committees  and  check  dilatory 
tactics.2 

These  rights  had  not  been  won  without  difficulty,  and 
they  were  adhered  to  with  great  tenacity.  At  the  time  of 
Mr.  Galloway's  entrance  to  the  Assembly,  and  for  many 
years  preceding,  that  body  regarded  its  interests  and  those 
of  .the  people  it  represented  as  opposed  to  those  of  the  Pro- 
prietors. This  idea  found  expression  in  endless  quarrels  over 
such  subjects  as  taxation,  appointments  to  office,  military 
defence,  and  Governors'  instructions. 

Benjamin  Franklin  was  the  most   influential   leader  ot 

1  This  estimate  of  the  Colonial  Assembly  is  based  on  extensive  reading 
of  the  proceedings   of  such   bodies,   contemporary   descriptions,   and 
opinions  of  those  who  have  made  a  more  careful  study  of  the  subject. 

2  L.  G.  McConachie,   "Congressional  Committees,"  Appendix;  M. 
P.  Follett,  "The  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives." 


Joseph  Galloway  j  the  Loyalist  Politician.  169 

the  Assembly  party  in  1756,  and  it  was  partly  due  to  his 
exertions  that  military  measures  had  been  carried  during 
the  last  two  years.  The  election  of  Mr.  Galloway  provided 
Franklin  with  an  able  assistant  in  his  efforts  to  secure  suit- 
able defence  and  at  the  same  time  compel  the  Proprietors 
to  bear  their  just  share  of  the  burden  of  taxation. 

The  minutes  of  the  Assembly  for  the  year  1756  reveal 
the  fact  that  Mr.  Galloway  took  an  active  part  in  the  pro- 
ceedings of  that  body  from  the  first,  and  that  his  talents 
were  immediately  called  into  service.  The  Assembly  met 
October  14, 1756,  and  on  the  20th  Mr.  Galloway  was  placed 
at  the  head  of  a  committee  "  to  prepare  and  bring  in  a  Bill 
for  prohibiting  the  exportation  of  provisions,  naval  or  war- 
like stores  from  this  province  to  the  French."  *  A  few  days 
later  he  was  sent  with  another  member  to  wait  on  the 
Governor  with  an  inquiry.2  On  the  28th  he  was  placed  at 
the  head  of  another  committee,  with  Franklin  as  a  member, 
"  to  prepare  and  bring  in  a  Bill  for  forming  and  regulating 
a  militia  in  this  province." 3 

On  November  23  the  following  significant  record  ap- 
pears :  "  Ordered  that  Mr.  Galloway  and  Franklin  do  pre- 
pare a  draught  of  a  message  to  the  Governor  desiring  he 
would  be  pleased  to  lay  before  the  house  such  of  the  Pro- 
prietary instructions  to  him  as  relate  to  matters  of  legisla- 
tion ;  also  a  copy  of  the  late  conference  with  the  Indians  at 
Easton." 4  This  was  designed  partly  as  a  precautionary  meas- 
ure to  prevent  delay  in  legislation,  and  partly  to  learn  whether 
the  Assembly  would  have  just  cause  for  complaint.  A  new 
Governor,  William  Denny,  was  then  in  office,  and  better 
things  were  hoped  of  his  administration  than  had  been 
experienced  under  his  immediate  predecessor;  but  in  this 
they  were  disappointed.  His  -  instructions  infringed  the 
rights  of  the  Assembly,  they  said,  and  prevented  the  enact- 
ment of  necessary  and  just  laws.  But  Governor  Denny  was 

1  Votes  of  Assembly,  October  20,  1756.     2  Ibid.,  October  26,  1756. 
9  Ibid.,  October  28,  1756.  *  Ibid.,  November  23,  1756. 


I 

170  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

determined  to  abide  by  his  instructions,  and  consequently 
soon  became  involved  in  a  quarrel  with  the  Assembly. 

The  first  dispute  arose  over  the  question  of  excise,  and 
the  Assembly,  owing  to  the  exigency  of  the  war,  yielded. 
A  disagreement  over  the  quartering  of  troops  on  inn- 
keepers in  Philadelphia  occupied  its  attention  also.  In 
all  these  troubles  Mr.  Galloway  was  very  prominent  as  a 
committeeman  or  as  a  medium  between  the  Assembly  and 
the  Governor,  duties  which  required  tact  and  a  knowledge 
of  the  laws  and  facts.  And  in  the  discussions  in  the  Assem- 
bly he  and  Franklin  did  most  of  the  gnawing  on  these 
bones  of  contention. 

But  military  affairs  reached  a  low  ebb  early  in  1757,  and 
a  grant  of  one  hundred  thousand  pounds  had  been  voted  by 
the  Assembly,  in  accordance  with  a  bill  drawn  up  by  a  com- 
mittee of  which  Galloway  and  Franklin  were  members.1 
This  bill  provided  for  the  taxation  of  Proprietary  estates, 
and  on  this  account  was  rejected  by  the  Governor.  Neces- 
sity compelled  the  Assembly  to  yield  again,  and  it  was 
further  influenced  by  the  fact  that  the  Province  was  then  in 
disfavor  at  London,  owing  to  complaints  which  had  been 
made  to  the  Privy  Council.  But  while  it  thus  acceded 
to  the  Governor's  wishes,  at  the  same  time  it  resolved 
"  that  a  Commissioner  or  Commissioners  be  appointed  to 
go  Home  to  England  in  behalf  of  the  people,  to  solicit  the 
removal  of  the  grievances  we  labor  under  by  reason  of  Pro- 
prietary instructions."  The  Speaker,  Mr.  Norris,  and  Ben- 
jamin Franklin  were  appointed  the  Commissioners.2 

The  importance  of  this  action  in  the  career  of  Mr.  Gallo- 
way lay  in  the  fact  that  upon  Franklin's  departure  for  Eng- 
land the  management  of  the  Anti-Proprietary  party  in  the 
Assembly  was  left  in  his  hands.  One  evidence  of  this  ap- 
pears in  the  minutes  of  the  Assembly.  Mr.  Galloway  was 
immediately  assigned  to  the  places  left  vacant  by  Franklin 
on  the  committees.3  The  two  most  important  of  these 

1  Votes  of  Assembly,  January  22,  1757.  2  Ibid.,  January  28,  1757. 

3  Ibid.,  April  1  and  9,  1757. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  171 

committees  were  those  of  Grievances  and  Correspond- 
ence. 

A  further  examination  of  the  minutes  of  the  Assembly 
for  the  years  1756-57  gives  abundant  evidence  of  the  promi- 
nence of  Mr.  Galloway  in  the  public  affairs  of  the  Province 
so  early  in  his  public  career.  In  preparing  answers  to  Gov- 
ernors' messages,  resolutions,  congratulatory  addresses,  and 
instructions  to  Commissioners  his  services  were  constantly 
in  demand ;  measures  for  defence,  equalization  of  taxation, 
repair  of  roads,  care  of  the  poor  refugees  from  Kova  Scotia, 
and  for  the  regulation  of  trade  and  Indian  affairs — all  were 
prepared  with  the  assistance  of  Mr.  Galloway.1 

The  conduct  of  this  young  lawmaker  during  his  first  year 
as  a  member  of  the  House  marked  him  as  an  active  supporter 
of  the  Assembly  party  in  its  opposition  to  the  Proprietary 
pretensions,  and,  after  the  departure  of  Franklin,  as  one  ot 
its  recognized  leaders.  And  in  no  way  was  his  attitude 
towards  the  Proprietors  more  plainly  manifested  than  in  his 
conduct  as  Indian  Commissioner,  an  office  to  which  he  was 
appointed  by  the  Assembly  April  9,  1757.2  The  occasion 
of  this  appointment  was  the  attempt  to  bring  about  peace 
with  the  Delaware  and  Shawanese  Indians,  who  had  joined 
the  French  in  the  war,  but  who  now  seemed  inclined  to 
bury  the  hatchet,  provided  their  own  grievances  were  re- 
dressed. These  Indians  complained  of  injustice  in  connec- 
tion with  the  sale  of  their  lands  and  demanded  satisfaction.3 
They  requested  the  production  and  examination  of  the  title- 
deeds,  in  order  that  the  truth  ot  their  claims  might  be 
proved.  These  demands  were  opposed  by  the  Proprietors, 
but  seemed  entirely  reasonable  to  the  Quakers,  who  sought 
to  obtain  justice  for  the  Indians  and  thus  secure  a  lasting 
peace. 

A  "  Friendly  Association"  had  been  formed  by  the  lead- 

i  Votes  of  Assembly,  1756-57.  2  Ibid.,  April  9,  1757. 

8  The  famous  "Walking  Purchase"  ol  1737  was  one  cause  of  com- 
plaint. (Sharpless,  "A  History  of  Quaker  Government  in  Pennsyl- 
vania," p.  24.) 


$ 
172  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

ing  members  of  that  sect  with  the  object  of  furthering  the 
success  of  the  negotiations  by  gifts  to  the  Indians,  thus 
regaining  and  preserving  peace  by  pacific  measures.  They 
were  seconded  in  their  efforts  by  the  Assembly  agents,  who 
were  not  disinclined  to  have  the  Proprietary  shortcomings 
exhibited.1 

Conferences  held  with  the  Indians  in  1756  had  been 
inconclusive,  but  those  planned  for  the  summer  of  1757 
promised  much  in  the  way  of  a  settlement  of  the  troubles, 
and  neighboring  Colonies  were  to  be  represented. 

Soon  after  their  appointment  as  Indian  Commissioners, 
Mr.  Galloway  and  William  Masters  wrote  Governor  Denny, 
urging  that  particular  care  be  used  to  learn  the  cause  for 
the  complaints  of  the  Indians  at  the  coming  conferences, 
and  praying  that  a  spirit  of  conciliation  be  shown  in  con- 
ducting the  negotiations.  This  was  really  in  the  nature  of 
a  warning  that  the  Indians  would  be  supported  in  their  just 
claims  by  the  Quaker  party.2 

The  Governor  objected  to  the  plan  of  the  members  of  the 
"  Friendly  Association"  to  be  present  at  the  conferences  and 
forbade  their  giving  gifts  to  the  Indians.  He  was  unable  to 
prevent  this,  however,  and  Tedyuscimg,  the  Indian  chief, 
refused  to  treat  without  their  presence.  The  wily  Indian 
also  demanded  a  clerk  of  his  own,  a  suggestion  which  was 
no  doubt  of  Quaker  origin  and  for  which  Mr.  Galloway  was 
probably  in  part  responsible.  Evidence  of  this  appears  in 

1  Sharpless,  "A  History  of  Quaker  Government  in  Pennsylvania,"  pp. 
24,  30,  36. 

2  Lancaster,   May  6,    1757  :    "  we  now  experimentally  find  that  the 
persons  concerned  in  former  treaties  .   .   .  have  been  too  negligent  in 
making  the  proper  inquiries  into  their  complaints  and  searching  into  the 
justice  of  them  .   .   .  too  ready  to  postpone  making  them  the  small  com- 
pensation with  which  they  might  have  been  easily  satisfied.  .  .   .  We 
entreat  your  Honor  to  make  a  full  disquisition  of  the  Indians   now 
present  .   .  .  into  the  complaints  and  injuries  .   .   .  and  into  every  other 
piece  of  injustice  that  may  be  suggested  against  any  person  whatever 
concerned  in  this  government  that  .   .   .  satisfaction  may  be  made  to  the 
Indians  .   .   ."     (Penna.  Archives,  Vol.    III.  pp.  160,  161.) 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  173 

a  letter  of  George  Croghan,  who  was  present  at  the  Easton 
conference,  to  Sir  William  Johnson,  in  which  an  account  ot 
the  proceedings  is  given  : 

"  In  the  evening  [July  22]  after  the  conference  was  over  I  met  some 
of  the  Provincial  Commissioners  in  the  Street  who  asked  me  if  the 
Governor  had  allowed  the  Indians  a  Clerk.  I  told  them  that  Tedyuscung 
was  well  satisfied  that  none  but  the  Clerk  I  had  brought  with  me  should 
take  down  the  minutes :  On  which  Mr.  Galloway  and  Mr.  Masters  two  of 
the  Provincial  Commissioners  said,  if  the  Governor  did  not  allow  the 
Indians  a  Clerk,  they  would  set  off  home,  and  take  the  Provincial 
presents  with  them  and  not  give  a  single  shirt  to  the  Indians.  Now  as  I 
found  Tedyuscung  and  his  council  was  well  satisfied  without  one  both 
before  those  people  came  to  town  and  in  the  conference  this  day,  I  can't 
help  thinking  that  those  people  have  insinuated  to  him  that  justice 
would  not  be  done  him,  and  put  him  on  asking  one  to  carry  something 
that  might  favor  themselves  in  some  of  their  views.  .  .  ."  l 

The  following  morning  (July  23)  Tedyuscung  informed 
the  Commissioners  that  Governor  Denny  had  refused  his 
request  for  a  clerk,  and  that  he  would  not  treat  without  one. 
The  Commissioners  then  drew  up  a  formal  remonstrance 
which  they  presented  to  the  Governor  the  same  day.  This 
was  read  to  the  Governor  by  Mr.  Galloway,  who  insisted  that 
the  Indian's  request  be  granted.2  The  Governor  was  com- 
pelled to  accede  to  the  wishes  of  the  Commissioners,  but  he 
in  turn  remonstrated  with  them  for  their  interference  and 
forbade  them  to  transact  any  business  with  the  Indians.3 

1  "Documents  Relating  to  the  Colonial  History  of  New  York,"  Vol. 
VII.  p.  322. 

2  Ibid.,  pp.  291,  292. 

3  Gordon,    "Hist,    of  Penna.,"   p.    360.      That  the    Commissioners 
used  the  clerk,  Charles  Thomson,  to  good  advantage  in  embarrassing  the 
Proprietary  Governor  appears  from  Croghan' s  letter. 

"  Those  people  by  his  having  a  clerk,  they  had  a  Counsellor  for  themselves,  to  put 
Tedyuscung  in  mind  what  they  wanted  him  to  say,  and  it  appeared  very  clearly  one 
day  when  he  had  got  his  speech  drawn  up  in  writing  and  desired  his  clerk  to  read  it  off 
as  a  lawyer  would  put  in  a  plea  at  the  bar.  ..." 

Croghan  objected  to  this  also,  made  Tedyuscung  deliver  his  own 
speech,  and  complained  to  Sir  William  Johnson  that  the  conduct  of  the 
Quakers  was  derogatory  to  the  Royal  Prerogative,  and  based  on  private 
interests. 


' 
174  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

In  a  reply  to  this,  written  August  1,  1757  (Easton),  the 
Commissioners  vindicated  their  conduct,  reminded  the  Gov- 
ernor of  their  joint  power  in  the  disposition  of  public  money, 
and  declared  that  they  would  always  remonstrate  when  there 
was  reason  for  it.1  The  incident  left  a  rather  bitter  feeling 
between  the  Governor  and  the  Assembly  party,  and  is  impor- 
tant in  that  it  made  Mr.  Galloway  still  more  prominent  as 
a  leader  of  the  opposition  to  Proprietary  rule  and  caused  the 
succeeding  quarrels  with  the  Governor  to  take  on  a  more 
virulent  character. 

Two  controversies  in  which  Mr.  Galloway  was  concerned 
occurred  during  this  early  period  of  his  career  as  an  Assem- 
blyman, and  will  be  briefly  mentioned  here. 

The  first  of  these  disputes,  known  as  the  Moore-Smith 
affair,  began  immediately  after  the  Indian  conferences  of 
1757.  Throughout  the  session  of  1756-57  petitions  had 
been  sent  to  the  Assembly  complaining  of  one  "William 
Moore,  Esq.,  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  Chester  County, 
charging  him  with  arbitrary  and  extortionate  practices.  No 
action  was  taken  upon  these  petitions  until  Mr.  Galloway 
was  assigned  to  the  Committee  of  Grievances  (in  the  place 
of  Benjamin  Franklin),  when  the  subject  was  taken  up  and 
referred  to  that  committee.2  At  the  same  time  the  clerk 
was  ordered  to  notify  Moore  that  the  House  would  inquire 
into  the  charges  against  him  at  the  next  session.  On  August 
25  the  case  was  heard  and  Moore  was  granted  further  time 
to  prepare  his  defence.  Upon  his  failure  to  appear  later,  it 
was  decided  on  September  27  that  Moore  ought  to  be 
removed  from  office,  and  Mr.  Galloway  was  appointed  on 
the  committee  to  prepare  an  address  to  the  Governor  asking 
him  to  make  the  desired  removal.  No  further  action  was 
taken  on  the  subject  until  the  first  session  of  the  next 
Assembly. 

Meanwhile  Mr.  Moore  had  written  an  address  to  the 
Governor  defending  his  conduct  and  criticising  the  action  of 

1  " Colonial  Kecords,"  Vol.  VII.  p.  094. 

2  Votes  of  Assembly,  April  1,  1757. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  175 

the  Assembly.  This  was  deemed  libellous  by  the  House, 
and  the  Sergeant-at-arms  was  sent  to  apprehend  Moore; 
at  the  same  time,  William  Smith,  the  college  provost,  who 
was  suspected  of  being  the  author  of  Moore's  address,  was 
ordered  to  appear  before  the  House. 

The  Governor,  in  a  message  to  the  Assembly,  refused  to 
remove  Moore  without  a  hearing,  and  declared  that  that 
was  impossible  because  the  House  held  the  accused  as  a 
prisoner.  The  Assembly  then  decided  to  impeach  Moore, 
and  requested  the  Governor  to  appoint  a  day  for  that  pur- 
pose. At  the  same  time  Mr.  Galloway  was  chosen  to  pre- 
pare articles  of  impeachment.  The  Governor  refused  this 
request,  however,  claiming  the  right  to  act  independently  of 
the  Assembly.  At  the  same  time  both  Moore  and  Smith 
refused  to  recant  and  submit.  The  only  outcome  of  the 
affair  was  the  increased  bitterness  it  provoked  between  the 
Assembly  and  the  Governor,  for  the  origin  of  it  lay  in  the 
fact  that  Moore  was  an  obnoxious  Proprietary  officer,  and 
Smith  the  author  of  a  slanderous  pamphlet  urging  the 
Crown  to  forbid  Quakers  the  right  of  membership  in  the 
Assembly.1 

The  animosities  aroused  by  this  affair  probably  influenced 
the  Governor  in  precipitating  the  next  quarrel,  which 
occurred  in  1758,  and  which  served  still  more  to  widen  the 
gulf  between  the  Assembly  and  Proprietors.  The  Governor 
refused  his  assent  to  another  money  bill  because  of  the 
Commissioners  named  in  the  act.  Mr.  Galloway  had  the 
honor  to  be  one  of  these  Commissioners.  They  were 
charged  with  disregard  of  the  Governor,  expenditure  of 
money  without  his  consent,  and  neglect  to  render  proper 
accounts. 

The  Commissioners  answered  these  charges  before  the 

1  The  whole  controversy  appears  on  the  minutes  of  the  Assembly. 
The  Habeas  Corpus  Act  was  suspended  as  regarded  the  two  accused ; 
but  they  both  secured  their  release  and  Smith  went  to  England,  where 
he  was  successful  in  an  appeal  to  the  Privy  Council ;  the  House  was 
censured. 


I 

176  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

Assembly  April  5,  1758;  they  were  pleased  that  the  Gov- 
ernor had  not  charged  them  with  appropriating  money  for 
their  own  use;  admitted  their  refusal  to  defray  needless 
expense;  denied  the  charge  of  neglect;  and  showed  that 
the  Governor  had  approved  their  expenditures.1  This  spirited 
defence  irritated  the  Governor,  and  he  vented  his  spleen 
upon  two  members  of  the  House  who  waited  on  him  on 
business.  The  Assembly  resented  this  treatment  of  its 
members  and  remonstrated,  thus  adding  fuel  to  the  fire.  Mr. 
Galloway  appeared  throughout  as  in  no  way  inclined  to  con- 
ciliation, and  exhibited  a  disputatious,  if  not  resentful,  spirit. 
He  was  only  accumulating  a  measure  of  dissatisfaction  with 
Proprietary  institutions  which  a  few  years  later  he  was  called 
upon  to  express  in  terms  which  would  serve  as  a  party 
platform  in  an  exciting  period  of  Pennsylvania  politics. 

The  prominence  acquired  by  Mr.  Galloway  as  a  leader  in 
the  Assembly  during  the  first  year  of  his  political  career 
continued  without  interruption  during  the  following  years. 
A  brief  mention  of  the  more  important  features  of  legis- 
lation from  1758  to  1764  will  indicate  how  his  talents  were 
employed. 

Late  in  1758  he  was  again  sent  as  a  Commissioner  to 
Easton,  to  another  conference  with  the  Indians,  at  which 
the  Governor  in  vain  sought  to  have  Tedyuscung  withdraw 
his  charges  of  fraud  against  the  Proprietors.  In  his  report 
of  this  conference  the  Governor  wrote  as  follows :  "  We 
cannot  but  impute  the  said  Tedyuscung's  making  the  base 
charge  of  forgery  against  the  Proprietaries  to  the  malicious 
suggestions  and  management  of  some  wicked  people,  enemies 
to  the  Proprietaries.2  ..." 

On  account  of  his  absence  in  connection  with  this  con- 
ference Mr.  Galloway  did  not  appear  in  the  Assembly  after 
his  third  election  until  November  16,  1758.3  Abuses  con- 
nected with  the  military  service  and  Indian  trade  then  en- 

1  Votes  of  Assembly,  April  5,  1758. 

3  "Colonial  Records,"  Vol.  VIII.  p.  243. 

8  Votes  of  Assembly,  November  16,  1758. 


Joseph  G-alloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 


177 


gaged  his  attention.  In  the  following  year  (April  21, 1759) 
he  was  on  a  committee  ordered  "  to  collect  all  the  treaties 
held  with  the  several  tribes  of  Indians  by  this  province, 
from  the  first  settlement  thereof,  and  to  see  the  same 
printed  in  a  small  folio  volume,  on  good  strong  paper." 
The  same  committee  was  to  collect  all  the  laws  of  the  Prov- 
ince and  prepare  bills :  first,  for  amending  the  laws  for 
establishing  courts  of  justice  in  the  Province;  second, 
establishing  an  office  for  recording  warrants  and  surveys ; 
and,  third,  for  regulating  the  inns  and  taverns  within  the 
Province.1  A  month  later  several  of  the  religious  sects, 
hearing  "  with  real  concern"  that  a  "  company  of  Stage 
Players  would  erect  a  theatre  and  exhibit  plays,"  petitioned 
the  Assembly  to  prohibit  "  such  ensnaring  and  irreligious 
entertainments."  So  Mr.  Galloway  headed  a  committee  to 
bring  in  a  bill  prohibiting  theatres  and  suppressing  lotteries ; 
and  a  few  days  later  one  for  the  "  relief  of  heirs,  Devises 
and  assigns  of  persons  born  out  of  the  King's  legiance." 

Mr.  Galloway's  connection  with  the  framing  of  some  of 
these  bills  is  shown  particularly  in  connection  with  that 
concerning  warrants  and  surveys.  A  bill  was  passed  by  the 
Assembly,  but  vetoed  by  the  Governor  in  a  message  which 
contained  some  observations  made  by  several  prominent 
lawyers,  members  of  the  Governor's  Council,  to  whom  the 
bill  had  been  referred  for  criticism.2  The  bill  was  returned 
to  the  Governor,  who  vetoed  it  again.  On  July  4  a  new 
bill  was  framed  and  passed  by  the  House. 

"  A  member  then  presenting  to  the  chair  a  paper  of  remarks  upon  the 
observations  sent  down  by  his  Honor  on  the  former  draught  of  a  bill  for 
the  said  purpose," 

the  House  decided  to  send  it  with  the  bill.3  And  in  the 
message  to  the  Governor  occur  the  following  words : 

"  We  herewith  send  such  remarks  made  upon  those  observations  by 
a  gentleman  of  the  law,  a  member  of  our  house,  in  point  of  law  and 
reason. "  * 


1  Votes  of  Assembly,  April  21,  1759. 
3  Ibid.,  July  4,  1759. 

VOL.  XXVI. — 12 


3  Ibid.,  June  13,  1759. 

4  Provincial  Archives. 


178  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

^ 

These  "  remarks,"  the  author  of  which  was  Mr.  Galloway, 
played  a  very  important  part  in  this  controversy.  They 
give  evidence  of  careful  thought,  an  acquaintance  with  the 
subject,  and  a  skill  in  fencing  which  made  Mr.  Galloway  a 
dangerous  opponent  in  all  such  bouts.1 

In  1760  Mr.  Galloway,  in  connection  with  a  bill  granting 
one  hundred  thousand  pounds  for  military  supplies,  fought 
a  successful  battle  with  the  Governor  over  the  question  of 
preserving  to  the  Assembly  the  disposal  of  the  money  and 
forbidding  the  Governor  to  assist  in  its  expenditure.  The 
Governor  was  compelled  to  yield  the  point,  owing  to  the 
determination  of  the  Assembly  to  adhere  to  its  resolution. 

In  the  following  year  military  measures  engaged  the 
attention  of  Mr.  Galloway  largely,  and  as  a  Provincial  Com- 
missioner he  was  very  active  in  the  administration  of  affairs. 
His  activity  was  little  affected  by  the  return  of  Franklin 
from  his  successful  mission  in  1763.  He  resumed  his  inti- 
mate relations  with  the  famous  philosopher  and  continued 
his  opposition  to  the  Proprietary  rule.  At  the  end  of  each 
session  he  was  granted  a  sum  of  money  for  extra  services, 
showing  that  his  talents  were  much  in  demand  in  the 
House.2  At  the  close  of  the  French  and  Indian  "War  he 
was  one  of  the  two  most  active  politicians  in  the  Province 
of  Pennsylvania.3 

AN    OPPONENT    OF    PROPRIETORS. 

The  year  1764  was  an  eventful  one  in  the  annals  of  Penn- 
sylvania politics.  That  Quaker  Colony  was  stirred  from 

1  A  detailed  account  of  this  particular  bill  is  not  within  the  province  ot 
this  thesis.    It  will  not  be  out  of  place,  however,  to  state  that  its  object  was 
to  prevent  the  injustice  which  often  resulted  from  the  confusion  into 
which  the  carelessness  of  Proprietary  officers  had  thrown  land  titles.    (See 
W.  E.  Shepherd,  "  History  of  Proprietary  Government  in  Pennsylvania.") 

The  method  by  which  the  Governor's  sanction  of  the  bill  was  ob- 
tained and  the  uses  to  which  it  was  put  by  some  lawyers  were  causes  for 
serious  charges  later.  Galloway  himself  was  accused  of  taking  advantage 
of  it  to  deprive  some  poor  Germans  of  their  lands. 

2  Votes  of  Assembly,  September  27,  1759  ;  September  26,  1761,  etc. 

3  Franklin  was  the  other. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  179 

centre  to  circumference  over  the  bold  proposition  to  change 
the  form  of  government  and  make  it  a  Royal  Province. 
Owing  to  the  prominent  part  taken  by  Mr.  Galloway  in 
this  movement,  the  year  was  also  an  important  one  in  his 
career.  He  not  only  suffered  a  defeat  at  the  polls,  but, 
what  was  far  more  unfortunate,  he  entered  upon  a  bitter 
feud  with  John  Dickinson. 

In  the  apparently  irreconcilable  differences  between  the 
Assembly  and  Proprietors  may  be  found  the  reason  for  the 
measure  which  occasioned  the  heated  political  quarrel  of 
1764.  The  complaints  made  of  the  Quakers  in  the  manage- 
ment of  Indian  affairs,  the  quarrels  over  supply  bills  and 
taxation,  and  the  continual  bickerings  with  the  Proprietors 
about  assessors,  Governors'  instructions,  and  the  appoint- 
ment of  judges  had  exhausted  the  patience  of  the  popular 
or  Assembly  party. 

An  affair  which  greatly  aggravated  the  animosity  between 
the  two  parties  early  in  1764  was  what  is  knowji  in  history 
as  the  "Paxton  Riot."  This  unfortunate  occurrence  had 
its  origin  in  the  continued  Indian  depredations  on  the 
western  frontier,  and  the  feeling  among  the  excitable 
Scotch-Irish  in  Lancaster  County  that  suitable  protection 
could  not  be  obtained  from  the  Quaker  party  in  control  ot 
the  Provincial  Assembly.  In  their  desperation  they  took 
things  into  their  own  hands.  A  party  of  fifty  or  more 
frontiersmen  deliberately  massacred  the  few  friendly  Indians, 
wards  of  the  government,  living  at  Conestoga.  The  act, 
committed  in  the  most  shocking  manner,  met  with  the 
most  vehement  denunciation  in  Philadelphia.  This  served 
merely  to  still  more  irritate  the  frontiersmen,  who  not  only 
defended  their  conduct,  but  threatened  a  war  of  extermi- 
nation against  all  Indians,  friendly  or  hostile. 

Fears  were  entertained  for  the  safety  of  the  Moravian 
Indian  converts,  and  they  were  removed  to  Philadelphia 
and  lodged  in  the  city  barracks.  This  open  and  avowed 
protection  of  the  Indians  exasperated  the  westerners,  and 
they  started  for  Philadelphia  with  the  alleged  purpose  or 


180  Joseph  Galloway ,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

killing  the  Indians  and  punishing  the  Quakers.  The  city 
was  greatly  alarmed.  Military  companies  were  organized, 
and  even  the  Quakers  shouldered  guns  and  drilled.1  The 
wildest  rumors  were  current  as  to  the  numbers  and  anger 
of  the  Irish. 

But  the  fierce  Indian-hunters,  when  they  learned  of  the 
effective  measures  for  protection  taken  in  the  city,  halted  at 
Germantown.  A  delegation  of  leading  men,  among  whom 
were  Franklin  and  Galloway,  went  out  to  meet  the  insur- 
gents, heard  their  grievances,  promised  to  consider  certain 
reforms,  and  persuaded  the  majority  of  them  to  return 
home.2  They  left  a  committee  to  enter  the  city  and  present 
a  petition  to  the  Assembly.  They  demanded  the  banish- 
ment of  the  Indians,  a  promise  not  to  try  the  Paxton  mur- 
derers in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  and  a  larger  representa- 
tion in  the  Assembly  for  the  border  counties.3  These 
demands  were  never  acceded  to,  the  murderers  were  never 
tried  anywhere,  and  the  only  result  of  the  affair  was  the 
bitter  feeling  it  left  against  the  Quakers  and  the  Quaker 
party.  And  they,  on  the  other  hand,  were  filled  with  appre- 
hension lest  the  riotous  Presbyterians  should  get  the  legis- 
lative as  well  as  the  executive  branch  of  the  government 
into  their  hands.4  The  participation  of  Mr.  Galloway  in 
this  affair  was  never  forgotten  by  the  Paxton  Boys;  and 
ten  years  later,  when  a  greater  quarrel  was  brewing,  they 
subjected  him  to  insult. 

The  immediate  occasion  of  the  proposition  to  abolish  the 
Proprietorship,  however,  was  a  new  quarrel  over  taxation, 
which  followed  closely  upon  the  excitement  of  the  Paxton 
riot.  The  agreement  which  Franklin  had  made  with  the 

1  Muhlenberg,  Diary. 

2  "Shippen  Papers,"  p.  204.     Reed's  "Life  and  Correspondence  of 
President  Heed,"  p.  35.     The  action  finally  taken  was  to  provide  for  the 
more  effective  administration  of  the  courts  in  the  counties  ! 

8  Sharpless,  "A  History  of  Quaker  Government  in  Pennsylvania," 
p.  47. 
4  Ibid.,  p.  67.     Letter  of  James  Pemberton  to  Samuel  Fothergill. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  181 

Proprietors  in  1759  regarding  the  taxation  of  their  estates 
provided  that  the  unimproved  lands  of  the  Proprietors 
should  be  assessed  as  low  as  the  lowest  rate  at  which  similar 
lands  of  the  people  were  assessed.  Early  in  1764  a  bill 
granting  fifty  thousand  pounds  for  an  Indian  campaign  was 
returned  by  the  Governor,  with  the  demand  that  the  best 
unimproved  lands  of  the  Proprietors  be  taxed  at  the  rate 
paid  by  the  people  for  their  worst  lands. 

Owing  to  the  pressing  necessity  of  war,  the  Assembly,  in 
disgust  at  the  mean  advantage  taken  by  the  Proprietors, 
agreed  to  the  demand.  But  at  the  same  time  it  ap- 
pointed a  committee,  at  the  head  of  which  stood  Mr.  Gal- 
loway, to  consider  and  report  upon  the  grievances  of  the 
Province.1 

The  report  of  this  committee,  presented  March  24,  1764, 
and  consisting  of  twenty-six  resolutions  penned  by  Mr.  Gal- 
loway, placed  at  the  door  of  the  Proprietaries  the  responsi- 
bility for  all  their  troubles.  The  chief  causes  of  complaint 
against  them  were :  their  private  instructions  to  the  Deputy 
Governor,  their  claims  to  exemption  from  taxation,  their 
appointment  of  judges  during  pleasure,  their  abuse  of  the 
right  to  issue  licenses  to  taverns,  and  their  attempt  to  con- 
trol the  militia.  Their  growing  power,  resulting  from  the 
continual  increase  of  their  estates,  it  was  asserted,  would 
not  only  tend  to  render  them  absolute,  but  endanger  the 
prerogatives  of  the  Crown  as  well  as  the  liberties  of  the 
people.2 

The  Assembly  having  adopted  the  resolutions,  then 
decided  that 

' '  as  all  hope  of  happiness  under  the  proprietary  government  were  at  an 
end,  they  would  adjourn  in  order  to  consult  the  people,  whether  an 
humble  address  should  be  drawn  up,  and  transmitted  to  his  Majesty, 
praying  that  he  would  be  graciously  pleased  to  take  the  people  of  this 
province  under  his  immediate  protection  and  government.8  .  .  ." 

1  Votes  of  Assembly,  March,  1764.  2  Ibid. 

8  Ibid. 


182  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

^ 

In  the  mean  time  petitions  requesting  a  change  of  govern- 
ment were  circulated  and  signed  by  many  of  the  Quakers.1 
These  were  presented  to  the  Assembly  when  it  reconvened 
a  few  weeks  later.  A  resolution  to  send  a  petition  asking 
the  Crown  to  resume  the  government  of  the  Province  was 
then  adopted.  This  measure  encountered  the  strenuous 
opposition  of  John  Dickinson,  and  was  disapproved  by  the 
aged  Speaker,  Isaac  Morris. 

John  Dickinson,  while  not  a  partisan  of  the  Proprietors, 
proved  to  be  one  of  their  best  allies  in  this  dispute.  His 
speech  against  the  proposed  petition  was  an  able  one. 
Owing  to  ill  health  he  had  had  no  opportunity  to  offer  his 
objections  to  the  measure  until  it  reached  its  final  stages  in 
the  House.2  The  substance  of  his  argument  was  that  the 
time  for  seeking  a  change  in  the  government  was  an  ex- 
tremely unfavorable  one.  The  Province  was  in  disfavor  at 
London,  and  the  exceptional  privileges  then  enjoyed  might 
be  taken  away.  The  Church  of  England  might  be  estab- 
lished in  Pennsylvania  and  the  Quakers  disfranchised. 
Besides,  a  standing  army  might  be  quartered  among  them. 
He  admitted  their  grievances,  but  believed  that  by  obtain- 
ing their  request  they  would  merely  jump  from  the  frying- 
pan  into  the  fire.3 

Mr.  Galloway's  reply  to  these  objections  was  as  follows  : 
He  said  he  would  not  "  take  up  the  time  of  the  House  in 
making  large  protestations"  of  his  sincerity,  or  that  his  con- 

1  The  Proprietary  party  declared  that  these  petitions  were  obtained  as 
follows  :  "  Taverns  were  engaged,  many  of  the  poorer  and  more  dependent 
kind  of  laboring  people  in  town  were  invited  thither  by  night,  the  fear 
of  being  turned  out  of  business  and  the  eloquence  of  a  punch  bowl  pre- 
vailed on  many  to  sign  the  petition  for  the  good  of  their  country." 
(Plain  Dealer,  No.  3.) 

Counter-petitions  containing  some  ten  thousand  names  were  sent  to 
the  Proprietors.  It  was  charged  that  these  were  obtained  by  "  persuad- 
ing the  inmates  of  barracks  and  children  twelve  years  old  to  sign." 
(Scribbler.} 

2  Reply  to  the  speech  of  Joseph  Galloway. 

3  Dickinson's  speech  in  the  Assembly. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  183 

duct  was  "  actuated  by  an  ardent  desire  to  restore  the  almost 
expiring  liberties"  of  his  country.  He  had  shown  a  "  steady 
uniformity  of  conduct  in  support  of  public  liberty,"  and 
needed  to  make  no  professions.  He  had  not  the  "vanity 
to  hope"  that  if  "  we  cannot  now  succeed  in  removing  the 
prejudices  occasioned  by  Proprietary  misrepresentations  we 
shall  ever  see  the  day,  while  the  powers  of  government  are 
united  with  immense  property,  that  Proprietary  influences 
of  ministerial  prejudice  against  us  will  cease."  But  he 
feared  a  little  time  would  show  them  "in  the  ridiculous 
light  that  Horace  shows  his  Clown,  who  meeting  a  river  in 
his  road  sat  down  on  the  bank  to  wait  till  the  stream  should 
pass  him."  That  the  ministry  should  take  advantage  of  the 
circumstances  and  deprive  them  of  any  of  their  "just  liber- 
ties," he  thought  an  unwarranted  supposition.  He  expa- 
tiated upon  the  virtues  of  the  King,  and  pictured  the 
advantages  of  a  royal  government.  He  declared  that  their 
condition  would  be  far  better  if  they  enjoyed  only  such 
privileges  as  were  granted  the  neighboring  provinces.  He 
pictured  the  armed  mobs  coming  to  the  city,  "  nor  was  the 
government  capable  of  defending  itself  or  the  people  under 
its  care.  No,  sir,  our  present  safety,  and,  for  aught  I  know, 
our  present  existence,  is  owing  to  the  King's  troops,  and  a 
few  brave  Volunteers,  the  friends  of  liberty,  and  of  public 
virtue."  "A  military  establishment  is  already  and  will  be 
more  effectually  established  in  the  colonies.  This  seems  the 
determined,  unalterable  resolution  of  the  British  Parlia- 
ment." Nothing  else  would  ever  secure  them  protection  in 
their  present  disunited  state.  "  There  is  no  alternative  be- 
tween this  measure  and  a  general  union  to  ensure  us  pro- 
tection against  the  foreign  invader.  Such  an  union  has 
been  already  rejected  and  such  an  one  we  shall  now  never 
enjoy.  Our  superiors  think  it  convenient  to  keep  us  in 
another  state;  and  therefore  we  shall  undoubtedly  have 
this  measure  .  .  .  established  whether  the  government  is 
changed  or  not."  It  would  be  far  better  to  have  it  under 
the  King  than  under  the  Proprietors.  In  conclusion  he  de- 


J 
184  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

clared  their  condition  comparable  to  a  human  constitution 
with  a  disease.  Some  remedy  was  necessary,  but  waiting 
for  a  more  favorable  opportunity  was  to  act  on  the  advice  of 
a  "  quack." 

"The  powers  of  legislation  truly  resemble  the  soul  which  animates 
and  directs  the  conduct  and  behavior  of  the  political  institution.  An 
upright  administration  of  Justice  resembles  the  active  blood  which  by 
its  pure  and  uninterrupted  course,  preserves  and  supports  its  health  and 
vigor.  In  these  two  vital  parts,  with  many  others,  the  fever  of  ambi- 
tion and  arbitrary  power  is  and  has  been  continually  raging  with  unre- 
mitting violence.  The  powers  of  legislation  are  so  checked  and  con- 
trolled, that  they  are  almost  annihilated.  The  courts  of  judicature  are 
so  dependent  on  proprietary  influence  that  wherever  proprietary  interest 
is  in  question,  the  stream  of  justice  becomes  so  turbid  and  thick,  that  it 
can  no  longer  discharge  its  duty,  security  of  life  and  estate  is  become  an 
empty  name,  and  the  spirit  of  liberty,  distrest  and  worn  out  by  ineffec- 
tual efforts  for  her  preservation,  is  verging  fast  to  a  dissolution.  Nothing 
but  a  Koyal  medicine  expeditiously  administered  can  possibly  revive  or 
restore  her,  and  if  such  a  medicine  can  be  obtained  before  the  midnight 
gloom  approaches  and  fatal  death  puts  an  end  to  our  struggles,  shall  we 
not  do  it?"1 

Dickinson's  attack  on  the  Assembly's  policy  had  no 
immediate  effect;  no  postponement  of  the  question  to 
further  consideration,  even,  could  be  obtained.  The  resolu- 
tion was  passed  with  but  four  dissenting  votes,  and  a  request 
to  have  their  protest  entered  on  the  minutes  was  denied  the 
minority.2 

This  debate  between  Mr.  Galloway  and  Mr.  Dickinson  to 
a  certain  extent  prepared  the  way  for  the  unfortunate  feud 
which  was  started  a  few  weeks  later.  Soon  after  the  ad- 
journment of  the  Assembly  Dickinson's  speech  was  printed 
as  a  pamphlet,  with  an  introduction  by  "William  Smith,  the 
college  provost,  and  distributed  by  the  Proprietary  party  as 

1  This  interesting  specimen  of  Galloway's  early  attempts  at  the  use  of 
figurative  language  was  greatly  derided  by  Dickinson  in  his  "Keply," 
and  Galloway  seems  to  have  given  up  the  attempts  in  his  later  produc- 
tions. 

2  Votes  of  Assembly.     Mr.  Galloway  was  to  meet  with  the  same  expe- 
rience ten  years  later  in  the  Continental  Congress. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  185 

a  campaign  document.  Shortly  after  there  appeared  another 
pamphlet  entitled  "  The  Speech  of  Joseph  Galloway,  Esq., 
in  Answer  to  the  Speech  of  John  Dickinson,  Delivered  in 
the  House  of  Assembly  of  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania, 
May  24th,  1764." 

This  pamphlet  contained,  besides  the  author's  arguments 
in  favor  of  the  Royal  petition,  several  accusations  against  his 
rival  and  opponent,  Mr.  Dickinson.  The  latter  immediately 
took  umbrage  at  this,  and  sent  Galloway  a  challenge,  which 
was  declined.1  He  then  published  a  "  Reply,"  in  which  he 
designated  Mr.  Galloway's  "speech"  as  "pretended,"  and 
declared  that  not  a  sentence  of  it  had  ever  been  spoken  in 
the  House.2  He  "  was  not  surprised  to  find  that  a  person 
who  treated  his  own  character  with  such  license  should  not 
be  unsparing  of  others."  Mr.  Galloway  had  accused  him  of 

1  "  Writings  of  John  Dickinson,"  Memoirs  Hist.  Soc.  of  Penna.     The 
Monthly  Review,  January,   1765.     That  a  Quaker  should  challenge  a 
Quaker  may  well  cause  surprise.     It  only  indicates  what  anger  had  been 
aroused  in  Dickinson's  breast.     In  his  "Reply"  he  taunts  Galloway 
for  his  refusal  thus  :   ' '  Presumptuous  indeed  must  I  appear  should  I 
venture  into  these  lists,  against  a  person  who  wields  the  weapons  of  wordy 
war — the  only  weapons  he  dares  to  wield.  .   .   . " 

2  That  this  speech  was  ever  delivered  in   the  Assembly  as  printed 
Galloway  never  claimed.     He  did  claim  that  the  "  substance"  of  it  was 
so  delivered,  however,  and  obtained  affidavits  from  members  of  the 
Assembly  in  support  of  his  assertion.     After  Dickinson  had  finished 
speaking,  Galloway  arose  to  reply ;  but  before  he  had  proceeded  very 
far  the  aged  Speaker,  Mr.  Norris,  was  taken  ill,  and  the  House  ad- 
journed.    Mr.  Dickinson  was  requested  to  leave  his  speech  (which  was 
committed  to  paper)  on  the  table,  that  members  might  peruse  it.     He 
declined,  giving  as  a  reason  that  it  was  not  in  suitable  form,  although 
he  was  told  that  only  the  substance  was  desired  for  examination,  and  not 
the  "stile  or  method."     But  he  promised  to  perfect  it  and  give  it  to 
Mr.  Galloway  that  evening.     When  Galloway  called  for  it,  it  was  not 
ready.     Taken  to  the  House  next  day,  no  one  called  for  it,  and  after 
that  time  the  resolution  was  not  again  debated  at  length.     The  "sub- 
stance' '  of  Galloway's  speech  had  probably  been  delivered  in  the  Assem- 
bly when  the  question  of  a  change  was  first  broached,  and  long  before 
Dickinson  delivered  his  speech.     This  whole  controversy  is  contained 
in  Galloway's  "To  the  Public,"   Philadelphia,  September  29,   1764, 
and  Dickinson's  "Reply." 


I 
186  Joseph  G-alloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

being  influenced  in  his  conduct  by  a  "  restless  thirst  after 
promotion — a  fondness  to  serve  the  purposes  of  power  from 
an  expectation  of  being  rewarded  with  posts  of  honor  and 
profit."  But  he  had  not  "  given  himself  an  office  of  profit 
every  year  since  he  had  been  a  representative,"  nor  had  he 
"  enriched  himself  with  a  lucrative  post  torn  from  the  old 
age  of  a  worthy  man ;"  he  had  not  lined  "  his  pockets"  with 
spoils  in  "vile  jobs;"  nor  bought  with  the  public  money 
"  commissions  of  judges"  in  courts  where  he  practised  for 
his  "most  intimate  friends;"  he  had  not  "juggled  in  dirty 
cabals"  about  the  offices  ot  Chief-Justice  and  Attorney- 
General  ;  he  had  not  taken  "  raw  councils"  in  "  taverns"  for 
"  regulating  the  conduct  of  Pennsylvania." 

These  counter-charges  against  Mr.  Galloway  it  would 
probably  be  difficult  either  to  prove  or  disprove  at  this  late 
day.  They  are  of  such  a  nature  that  circumstantial  evi- 
dence alone  could  not  prove  them.  And  they  are  charges 
which  would  be  apt  to  be  brought  against  a  successful  rival 
for  political  honors,  particularly  at  the  time  of  this  quarrel 
between  the  two  men.  Mr.  Galloway  was  a  politician,  and 
his  influence  was,  no  doubt,  exerted  in  favor  of  friends, 
whose  aid  would  be  most  useful  to  him  in  his  political  am- 
bitions. His  acts  need  not  have  been  necessarily  corrupt  or 
detrimental  to  the  public  service.  Indeed,  had  they  been 
Mr.  Galloway  would  not,  in  all  probability,  have  maintained 
his  leadership  so  many  years,  and  the  fact  that  he  did  retain 
the  confidence  of  his  constituents  so  long  is  a  sufficient 
answer  to  these  charges. 

Anger  and  hatred  on  the  part  of  Dickinson,  and  malice 
and  envy  on  the  part  of  Galloway,  characterized  the  bitter 
invectives  they  hurled  at  each  other  during  this  summer 
campaign  of  1764.  The  unfortunate  breach  between  them 
was  never  healed,  and  the  resentment  which  rankled  in 
their  breasts  and  frequently  showed  itself  in  the  political 
contests  lasted  throughout  the  rest  of  their  days.1 

1  There  is  reason  to  believe  that  Galloway's  influence  served  to  keep 
Dickinson  out  of  the  Assembly  for  a  number  of  years.  And  it  was 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  187 

But  this  pamphlet  duel,  while  important,  was  but  one 
phase  of  the  exciting  pamphlet  war  which  was  waged 
between  the  advocates  of  Royal  government  and  their  adver- 
saries, the  supporters  of  Proprietary  rule.  No  denunciation 
was  too  vehement,  no  accusation  too  bold,  and  no  warning 
too  absurd  to  be  printed  and  circulated  by  both  parties. 
And  no  clearer  evidence  could  be  given  of  the  influence  of 
Mr.  Galloway  as  a  politician  and  leader  in  Pennsylvania 
than  is  contained  in  some  of  the  pamphlets  and  broadsides 
issued  during  this  campaign. 

A  pamphlet  entitled  The  Plain  Dealer,  "No.  3,  was  espe- 
cially severe  in  its  denunciation  of  Mr.  Galloway.  It  dealt 
with  his  defence  of  the  Assembly  resolves,  his  conduct  as 
Indian  Commissioner,  and  his  connection  with  the  purchase 
of  laws  from  Governor  Denny.1 

"  Our  Quaker  Lawyer  and  Politician  has  the  impudence 
to  deny  everything  that  has  been  urged  concerning  the 
inhumanity  ...  of  a  Quaker  Assembly.  He  says,  the 
right  and  power  of  superintending  the  protection  of  the 
frontiers  were  solely  in  the  Governor.  The  Assembly  never 
had  the  disposal  of  a  single  farthing  of  the  public  money. 
The  Commissioners  only  had  the  power  of  applying  the 
money  with  the  Governor's  consent  to  particular  uses.2 

certainly  due  to  his  action  that  Dickinson  was  kept  out  of  the  first  Con- 
tinental Congress  until  near  the  close  of  the  session. 

Dickinson  frequently  took  occasion  to  vent  his  spite  on  Galloway.  In 
the  celebrated  "Farmer's  Letters"  he  clearly  has  Galloway  in  mind  in 
several  instances. 

During  this  campaign  ol  1764  Dickinson  published  an  article  in 
which  he  ridiculed  Galloway's  "  Speech."  It  was  entitled  "  A  Receipt 
to  make  a  Speech." 

1  It  asserted  that  the  law  concerning  "Warrants  and  Surveys,"  in 
which  Mr.  Galloway  was  interested,  had  been  obtained  by  purchase. 

' '  I  shall  not  tire  the  reader  with  observations  on  the  rest  of  the  laws 
which  we  bought ;  they  are  much  of  a  stamp.  I  find  that  our  lawyers 
can  say  pretty  things  of  them  all."  (Plain  Dealer,  No.  3.) 

2  Mr.  Galloway  had  published  some  "Explanatory  Remarks"  on  the 
resolves. 


188  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

Does  this  man  believe  there  is  such  a  thing  as  truth  and 
falsehood,  when  he  abuses  the  public  in  this  manner  ? 

"  Were  it  not  that  this  lawyer  was  the  leading  man  in  our 
late  Assembly  and  therefore  a  gentleman  of  singular  con- 
sequence, I  should  not  have  taken  the  trouble  of  conversing 
so  long  with  a  person  that  discovers  such  an  absolute  con- 
tempt of  truth/' 

The  Anti-Proprietary  party  published  a  number  of  satirical 
pieces  with  the  object  of  bringing  the  Presbyterians  into  dis- 
repute with  the  Quakers.1  One  entitled  "  A  Looking  Glass 
for  Presbyterians"  gave  an  account  of  the  supposed  proceed- 
ings of  a  Council  of  Presbyterian  ministers  and  elders,  held  at 
Lancaster,  August  28, 1764,  to  settle  the  election.2  A  mock 
prayer  of  the  Moderator  contained  the  following  petition : 

"  Oh  do  thou  confound  these  cursed  Quakers,  that  are 
endeavoring  to  bring  us  under  a  kingly  yoke  .  .  .  confound 
our  enemies  the  Assembly  .  .  .  pour  down  in  a  particular 
manner  thy  judgments  upon  F — n  and  G — y,  and  let  the 
thunderbolts  of  thy  vengeance  sink  them  down  to  the  lower 
regions  ...  let  the  King's  name  become  odious  and  stink 
in  the  nostrils  of  the  Dutch  and  let  them  join  heartily  with 
us  thy  servants  in  turning  out  the  present  members  ot 
Assembly  and  in  putting  in  such  men  as  shall  be  subservient 
to  all  our  present  and  future  views  for  the  good  of  thy 
kirk.  .  .  ."  The  meeting  decided  that  if  only  Franklin  and 
Galloway  could  be  turned  out  of  the  Assembly  "  the  rest 
would  be  like  a  body  without  a  head." 

1  The  hostility  of  the  Presbyterians  towards  the  Quakers  was  a  char- 
acteristic feature  of  this  campaign.      In  a  pamphlet  entitled   "  Plain 
Truth"  they  declared  that  "to  govern  was  repugnant  to  the  avowed 
principles  of  the  Quakers."     This  was  answered  in  "Plain  Truth  found 
to  be  Plain  Falsehood"  with  the  retort,  "to  be  governed  is  absolutely 
repugnant  to  the  avowed  principles  of  the  Presbyterians." 

2  This  pamphlet  encouraged  the  Presbyterians  to  expect  great  things 
when  they  secured  control  of  the  government :  taxes  to  support  their 
ministers,    laws  compelling  everybody  to  attend   their   meetings,  and 
exemption  of  Proprietary  estates  from  taxation  forever.     The  absurdity 
of  this  must  have  served  to  defeat  its  purpose. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  189 

The  election  which  occurred  October  1  and  2,  1764,  and 
at  which  the  Proprietary  party  hoped  to  gain  control  of  the 
Assembly,  and  thus  prevent  the  sending  of  the  petition  to 
the  Crown,  was  one  of  great  excitement.  The  defeat  of 
Franklin  and  Galloway  was  particularly  desired  and  the 
greatest  exertions  were  directed  to  that  end.  A  contem- 
porary letter  gives  a  vivid  account  of  the  day's  doings.1 

"Our  late  election  .  .  .  was  really  a  hard  fought  one,  and  managed 
with  more  decency  and  good  manners  than  would  have  been  expected 
from  such  irritated  partisans  as  appeared  as  the  champions  on  each  side. 
A  number  of  squibs,  quarters,  and  half  sheets  were  thrown  among  the 
populace  on  the  day  of  election,  some  so  copious  as  to  aim  at  the  general 
dispute,  and  others,  more  confined,  to  Mr.  Dickinson  and  Mr.  Galloway, 
with  now  and  then  a  skit  at  the  Doctor,  but  these  had  little  or  no  effect." 

The  poll  was  opened  at  about  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning 
and  voting  continued  until  three  o'clock  the  next  afternoon. 
The  aged  and  lame  were  brought  in  chairs  and  litters; 
horsemen  were  dispatched  to  Germantown  for  recruits ;  in 
all  nearly  four  thousand  votes  were  cast.  The  vote  was  a 
close  one,  and  both  Franklin  and  Galloway  were  defeated. 

"Mr.  Franklin  died  like  a  philosopher.  But  Mr.  Galloway  agonized 
in  death  like  a  mortal  deist,  who  has  no  hopes  of  a  future  existence." 

Mr.  Galloway's  activity  and  prominence  in  connection 
with  this  Proprietary  dispute  were  later  referred  to  by  his 
enemies  as  evidence  that  at  one  time  he  was  a  leader  of  the 
popular  party  and  a  bold  defender  of  the  people's  rights, 
but  that  he  later  deserted  and  joined  the  royalist  side.  But 
this  charge  is  irrelevant  and  deceptive.  The  affair  had  not 
the  remotest  connection  with  the  Revolutionary  quarrel. 
Furthermore,  the  "  people"  in  this  dispute  were  about  evenly 
divided  between  the  two  parties,  and  Mr.  Galloway  was  a 
leader  of  that  party  which  desired  a  Eoyal  government. 

Whatever  Mr.  Galloway's  hopes  of  a  future  political  exist- 
ence may  have  been  after  his  defeat  of  1764,  he  enjoyed  a 

i  Mr.  Pettit  to  Mr.  Reed,  November  3, 1764.  (Reed's  "  Life  of  Reed," 
Vol.  I.  p.  36.  ) 


190  Joseph  G-alloway,  the,  Loyalist  Politician. 

political  resurrection  the  very  next  year.  And  his  corre- 
spondence with  Franklin,  who  had  been  sent  abroad  to 
present  the  petition  to  the  Crown,  shows  that  he  was  among 
the  quick  and  not  the  dead.  The  proposed  change  of  gov- 
ernment was  the  burden  of  these  letters,  and  further  com- 
plaints of  Proprietary  injustice  and  new  arguments  for  the 
change  were  forwarded  to  Franklin  to  aid  in  conducting 
their  petition  to  a  successful  issue.  The  partiality  shown  by 
the  Proprietors  to  the  lower  counties,  their  failure  to  execute 
the  laws  and  bring  wrongdoers  to  justice,  the  reinstatement 
of  "William  Moore  as  justice  in  Chester  County,  and  the 
offensive  treatment  of  Quaker  partisans  were  all  offered  as 
additional  reasons  for  the  change.1 

"  A  strange  government  this,"  wrote  Galloway,  "  in  which 
loyalty  and  affection  to  the  sovereign  are  made  criminal, 
while  a  servile  submission  and  implicit  obedience  to  the 
unjust  and  oppressive  measures  of  a  private  subject  are  the 
only  path  to  promotion." 2 

But  the  measure  so  greatly  desired  by  Mr.  Galloway  met 
with  little  encouragement  in  England,  and  even  the  Quakers 
who  first  supported  it  began  to  doubt  the  wisdom  of  it,  and 
instructed  Franklin  to  move  cautiously  in  the  matter.  Early 
in  1765  a  report  was  circulated  in  Philadelphia  that  the 
petition  had  been  refused  even  a  hearing  by  the  Crown. 
Mr.  Galloway  was  greatly  agitated  over  this,  and,  while 
Franklin's  letters  contained  no  confirmation  of  this  story, 
yet  Mr.  Galloway  wrote  him  a  long  letter  concerning  it.3 
He  informed  him  how  busy  he  had  been  trying  to  counteract 
the  bad  influence  of  this  report ;  how  anxious  the  Assembly 
was  to  learn  the  result  of  the  petition ;  how  determined  they 
were  to  persevere  in  their  efforts ;  and  what  distress  would 
ensue  upon  a  failure. 

'Galloway  to  Franklin,  November  23,  1764.  (Sparks,  " Franklin's 
Works,"  Vol.  VII.  p.  276.) 

2  Ibid. 

3  Ibid.,  February  27,  1765.     (Bigelow,  "  Franklin's  Works,"  Vol.  III. 
p.  372.) 


Joseph  Galloway ,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  191 

"  Wherefore  I  hope  the  petitions,  as  you  have  written,  and  I  have  con- 
fidently declared,  are  not  rejected  or  laid  aside,  but  will  be  resumed  when 
the  more  important  American  affairs  are  settled.  Nothing  less  than  a 
change,  I  think,  will  satisfy  the  people  ;  certain  I  am  a  dismission  with- 
out a  hearing  never  can,  but,  I  fear,  will  throw  this  already  unhappy  prov- 
ince into  equal  disorder  and  confusion  with  its  neighboring  colonies. 

"  You  will  therefore  be  pleased  to  inform  me  in  what  state  the  petitions 
are  before  his  Majesty's  Council  by  the  earliest  opportunity,  that  I  may 
be  enabled  to  satisfy  the  people,  who  rely  upon  us  with  certainty.  In 
the  meantime,  be  assured  that  nothing  in  my  power  shall  be  wanting  to 
preserve  the  peace  and  render  them  easy  ' ' 

Mr.  Galloway's  energies  in  behalf  of  this  unwise  measure 
were  wasted ;  and  its  progress  was  interrupted  by  the  sudden 
rise  of  a  new  subject  for  discussion,  far  more  important  in 
its  influence  upon  the  future,  not  only  of  Mr.  Galloway,  but 
of  the  Colonies.  This  was  the  Stamp  Act. 

(To  be  continued.) 


I 

192  William  Biles. 


WILLIAM   BILES. 

BY   MILES   WHITE,  JR.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

(Continued  from  page  70.) 

William  Biles,  at  different  times,  was  a  witness  to  many 
wills,  deeds,  etc.,  and  the  fac-simile  of  his  signature,  given 
herein,  is  taken  from  the 
will  of  Jacob  Janney,  of 
Bucks  County,  dated  8th 
mo.  2,  1708,  and  still  preserved  in  the  office  of  the  Register 
of  Wills  at  Philadelphia. 

An  election  was  ordered  for  February  20, 1682,  for  mem- 
bers of  Council  and  Assembly,  to  be  holden  at  Philadelphia 
March  10  following,  when  William  Biles,  Christopher  Tay- 
lor, and  James  Harrison  were  elected  to  the  Council  from 
Bucks  County.1 

The  first  session  of  this  first  Council  was  held  in  Phila- 
delphia 1st  mo.  10,  1682/3,  and  was  presided  over  by 
William  Penn  in  person ; 2  William  Biles  was  present,  and 
seems  to  have  been  regular  in  his  attendance  during  its 
sessions  and  to  have  taken  an  important  part  in  framing 
the  laws;  on  the  16th,  21st,  and  26th  insts.  he  was  ap- 
pointed on  committees  to  which  were  referred  the  prepara- 
tion of  various  bills  for  the  Council,3  and  on  7th  mo.  8, 
1683,  he  and  three  others  were  appointed  "  to  bring  in  a 
Bill  concerning  horses  goeing  out  and  comeing  into  this 
Province."  He  was  also  present  (2d  mo.  2,  1683)  when  the 
Great  Charter  was  read  and  thankfully  received,  and  was 
one  of  those  who  signed  it.4 

We   find   that,  according  to  the   entry  in  the   original 

1  Davis' s  Hist.  Bucks  Co.,  p.  65. 

2  Colonial  Records,  vol.  i.  p.  1  ;    Proud' s  Hist.  Penna.,  vol  i.  p.  235  ; 
Delaware  Register,  vol.  i.  p.  331. 

3  Colonial  Records,  vol  i.  pp.  6,  8,  11,  24. 

4  Ibid.,  pp.  xl,  16  ;  Proud' s  Hist.  Penna.,  vol.  i.  p.  239 ;  vol.  ii.  Ap- 
pendix, p.  28;  Davis's  Hist.  Bucks  Co.,  p.  G5. 


William  Biles.  193 

records  of  Bucks  County  of  16  84,1  showing  ear-marks  or 
brands,  that  William  Biles,  "William  Biles,  Jr.,  and  Charles 
Biles  were  then  owners  of  cattle. 

On  May  22,  1684,  the  Provincial  Council  appointed2 
"  One  Inferior  receiver  in  Every  County,  who  shall  receive 
directions  from  ye  Deputy  Treasurer,  who  shall  receive  In- 
structions from  ye  Govr  and  Councill;  who  Shall  not  be 
allowed  above  20  Ib.  p.  year;"  among  whom  was  "Wm. 
Biles,  for  Bucks;"  and  on  February  11,  1685,  William 
Biles  and  others  were  appointed  to  lay  out  a  road  in  Bucks 
County.3  The  Council  (2d  mo.  6,  1685)  "  Ordered  that  a 
Comission  be  drawne  for  James  Harrison,  Tho:  Janney, 
Wm.  Yardley,  Wm.  Biles,  Wm.  Beaks,  John  Ottor,  Edmd 
Bennet  &  Jno.  Swift,  to  be  Justices  of  the  Peace  for  ye 
County  of  Bucks,  the  year  Ensueing." 4  Until  the  Revolu- 
tion, justices  of  the  peace  were  judges  in  the  County  Courts 
in  Pennsylvania. 

The  Council 6  (10th  mo.  1,  1685),  having  been  requested 
that  a  "  Speciall  Comission  be  granted  for  ye  Tryall  of  David 
Davis  the  next  Court,  who  is  a  Prisoner  in  ye  County  of 
Bucks,  on  suspition  of  killing  his  servant,"  unanimously 
agreed  "  that  a  Comission  be  Expeditiously  prepared  for  y- 
authorising  &  Impowring  of  James  Harrison,  Arthur  Cook, 
Tho.  Janney,  Wm.  Yardley,  Wm.  Biles,  to  be  special 
Comiss™  to  hear  and  Determine  all  heinous  and  Enormous 
Crimes  that  shall  be  brought  before  them  in  ye  County  of 
Bucks,  in  a  Court  there  to  begin  on  ye  10th  Ins*,  by  them  to 
be  held." 

The  first  session  of  the  Assembly  to  which  William  Biles 
was  elected  was  that  of  1686,  beginning  3d  mo.  10  at  Phil- 
adelphia, and  on  3d  mo.  11  he  and  Cornelius  Empson  were 
fined  twelve  pence  each  for  being  absent  the  previous  day ; 6 

1  Colonial  Records,  p.  77. 

3  Ibid.,  vol.  i.  p.  67 ;  Battle's  Bucks  Co.,  p.  194. 

8  Ibid.,  p.  184.  *  Ibid.,  vol.  i.  p.  76. 

5  Ibid.,  p.  114 ;  Battle's  Bucks  Co.,  p.  246. 

6  Votes  of  Assembly,  vol.  i.  pt.  1,  p.  37. 
VOL.  XXVI. — 13 


194  William  Biles. 

and  William  Yardley  and  he  were  appointed  a  committee 
to  acquaint  the  Council  that  the  Assembly  desired  to  meet 
the  President  and  Council  in  a  full  body.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Council  and  Assembly  for  so  many  years  that  an 
enumeration  of  all  the  committees  on  which  he  served 
would  occupy  too  much  space,  and  mention  of  only  some 
of  the  more  important  ones  must  suffice.  He  was  fre- 
quently appointed  to  acquaint  the  Council  of  the  acts  or 
desires  of  the  Assembly,  and  was  often  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  "Aggrievances,"  through  the  medium  of 
which  much  of  the  ordinary  business  of  the  Assembly  was 
first  brought  before  the  House. 

In  1687  the  tax  levied  was  given  to  William  Biles  to 
collect;1  and  in  this  year  we  are  informed2  that  "Wm. 
Biles,  the  only  merchant  along  the  Delaware  who  imported 
and  sold  Rum,  a  leading  Friend,  and  several  times  elected 
to  the  Assembly,  was  called  to  account  for  selling  rum  to 
the  Indians,  and  Thomas  Janney  and  William  Yardley  were 
appointed  to  wait  on  him."  He  said  to  them 3  that  it  was 
"  not  against  the  Law  neither  doth  he  know  that  it  is  any 
evil  to  do  so,  but  however,  if  Friends  desire  him  not  to  do 
it,  he  will  for  the  future  forbear  it;"  which  caused  a  writer 
in  the  Friends'  Intelligencer  to  say,  "  It  was  a  remarkable  act 
of  a  Christian  man  that  he  should  discontinue  to  sell  rum 
to  the  Indians,  on  account  of  the  desire  of  his  brethren, 
when  it  was  neither  a  violation  of  law  nor  the  Discipline." 

In  1689  he  served  his  second  term  in  the  Assembly,  and 
was  present  at  the  opening  session,  3d  mo.  10;  and  he  and 
Joseph  Fisher  were  requested  to  find  out  whether  the  Gov- 
ernor and  Council  could  listen  to  some  proposals  from  the 
Assembly.4  He  was  appointed  also  on  the  Committee  on 
"Aggrievances." 

1  Battle's  Bucks  Co.,  p.  189. 

2  Da  vis's  Hist.  Bucks  Co.,  p.  835. 

3  MS.  Minutes  Falls  Monthly  Meeting ;   Friends'  Intelligencer,  vol. 
Ivi.  p.  489. 

4  Votes  of  Assembly,  vol.  i.  pt.  1,  p.  48. 


William  Biles.  195 

On  llth  mo.  2,  1689/90,  the  Council1  ordered  that 
"Commissions  of  ye  Peace  be  made  for  all  y'  Counties, 
and  these  persons  ffollowing  to  be  Inserted,  (viz)  Bucks  Co. 
Arth.  Cook,  Jos.  Growdon,  Wm.  Yardly,  Tho.  Janney, 
Wm.  Byles,  ISTich.  Newlin,  Jon  Brock,  Hen.  Baker." 

In  March,  1690,  the  grand  jury  thought  it  necessary  that 
the  county  be  divided  into  townships,  and  the  court,  at  its 
next  session,  ordered  Henry  Baker  and  eleven  others,  in- 
cluding William  Biles,  to  meet  together  at  the  court-house 
the  day  before  the  next  court  and  perform  this  service ;  for 
some  reason  this  order  was  not  obeyed,  and  at  the  Septem- 
ber term,  1692,  the  court  again  took  up  the  matter  and  ap- 
pointed a  jury,  on  which  were  Arthur  Cook2  and  twelve 
others,  including  William  Biles  (nine  members  of  the 
former  jury  being  reappointed),  and  ordered  them  "  or  the 
greater  number  of  them  to  meet  together  at  the  meeting- 
house at  Neshaminah  the  27th  day  of  this  instant,  and 
divide  this  county  into  townships,"  which  they  accordingly 
did. 

Only  fragments  of  the  minutes  of  Councils  for  1692  and 
1693  (prior  to  April  26,  when  Governor  Fletcher  arrived) 
remain;  and  though  William  Biles  was  a  member3  for 
these  sessions,  it  is  not  known  whether  or  not  he  took  an 
active  part  in  the  proceedings. 

The  Council  of  1693 4  "  came  on  the  scene  in  the  midst 
of  very  unsettled  times;  the  dissensions  of  the  past  two 
years  were  still  rampant,  while  hardly  had  the  Council 
begun  its  administration  when  it  was  deposed  by  the  arrival 
of  Governor  Fletcher,  with  his  commission  from  the  Crown, 
to  assume  Penn's  government,  and  was  supplanted  by  a  new 
Council  appointed  by  him,"  and  William  Biles,  who  had 

1  Colonial  Records,  vol.  i.  p.  278;  Buck's  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  p.  23. 

2  Publications  So.  Hist.  Assoc.,  vol.  v.  pp.  393,  394;  Battle's  Bucks 
Co.,  p.  190 ;  Davis's  Hist.  Bucks  Co.,  p.  101 ;  PA.  MAG.  HIST.  AND 
BIOG.,  vol.  xviii.  p.  24. 

3  Charter  to   William  Penn  and  Duke  of  York's  Laws,  p.  537 ;   PA. 
MAG.  HIST.  AND  BIOG.,  vol.  xi.  pp.  151-159. 

4  Ibid.,  vol.  xviii.  p.  25. 


f 
196  William  Biles. 

•j 

been  elected  for  the  years  1692,  1693,  and  1694,  went  out 
of  the  Council. 

In  1694  William  Biles  was  again  in  the  Assembly  which 
met  2d  mo.  10,  1694,  at  Philadelphia,  and  served  on  the 
Committee  on  "Aggrievances,"  *  and  on  4th  mo.  9  he  and 
three  others  were  ordered  to  attend  the  Governor  and 
Council,  with  the  Remonstrance  drawn  in  answer  to  the 
Queen's  letter  and  Governor's  speech,  and  to  inquire  what 
had  been  done  concerning  the  bills  sent  up. 

In  1695  Joseph  Growden,  Phineas  Pemberton,  and  Wil- 
liam Biles  were  elected  from  Bucks  County  to  the  Council 
which  met  on  April  20,2  and  on  the  22d  the  return  of  the 
Sheriff  of  Bucks  County  of  representatives  in  Council  was 
read  and  rejected,  "  becaus  it  did  not  mention  the  day  of 
their  election,  nor  the  rexive  years  for  which  the  members 
were  to  serve ;" 3  and  on  the  24th  it  was  "  Ordered,  that  new 
writts  be  issued  for  their  election  of  representatives  upon  ye 
8th  of  May  next,"  when  William  Biles  was  elected  for  one 
year.  On  May  28  he  and  one  member  from  each  of  the 
other  counties  "  were  appointed  to  Consider  of  a  new  frame 
&  modell  of  governm*  &  to  make  report  to  the  Governo1  & 
Councill  this  afternoon."  They  reported, — 

"That  they  had  made  some  attempts,  but  Could  not  agree  upon  a 
new  frame,"  and  Governor  Markham  appointed  the  same  committee  to 
meet  with  him  about  it.  The  next  day  they  reported4  "  That  nothing 
could  be  agreed  upon  in  ordr  to  a  new  modell  of  governm1  notwithstand- 
ing all  ye  pains  &  time  spent  about  ye  same."  The  Governor  addressed 
the  Council,  and  upbraided  them  for  taking  up  much  time  in  endeavor- 
ing to  lay  aside  the  Charter,  which  had  previously  been  thankfully 
accepted,  and  endeavoring  unsuccessfully  to  make  a  more  easy  frame  of 
government ;  and  since  the  object  of  their  meeting  was  to  advise  with 
him  in  matters  relating  to  the  government,  he  informed  them  that  the 
Queen,  upon  the  21st  of  August,  1694,  had  signified,  "That  a  Quota 
not  exceeding  eighty  men,  with  their  officers,  or  the  value  of  the  chairges 

1  Votes  of  Assembly,  vol.  i.  pt.  1,  p.  88. 

2  Battle's  Bucks  Co.,  p.  200. 

3  Colonial  Records,  vol.  i.  pp.  447,  448. 
'Ibid.,  pp.  450,  451. 


William  Biles.  197 

of  maintaining  y*  same,  be  the  measure  of  the  assistance  to  be  given  by 
ye  sd  province  of  pennsilvania  &  Countrie  of  Newcastle  for  ye  defence 
&  securitie  of  the  province  of  New- York,"  etc. 

This  question  occupied  the  attention  of  the  Legislature 
for  more  than  one  session,  for  in  1696  *  we  again  find  Wil- 
liam Biles  a  member  of  the  Assembly  which  met  8th  mo. 
26  at  Philadelphia,  and  on  the  30th  he  was  appointed  on  a 
committee  to  consider  a  way  to  answer  the  Queen's  letter 
and  preserve  the  people's  privileges.2  On  the  31st  they 
reported  that  they  had  an  expedient  ready  to  answer  the 
Queen's  letter,  but  that  they  recommended  before  this  was 
put  into  effect  the  provisions  of  the  old  Charter  (that  before 
Governor  Fletcher's  time)  in  regard  to  election  of  Council- 
lors and  Assemblymen  should  be  put  in  force. 

William  Biles  was  returned,  as  elected,  to  the  Council 
that  met  in  Philadelphia  May  10, 1698,  and  took  his  seat  on 
the  llth  inst. ; 3  and  likewise  to  the  Council  that  met  May 
10,  1699,4  on  which  date  he  "  did  subscribe  the  declaraon 
of  fidelity,  the  profession  of  the  Christian  belief,  &  the  test." 

The  Council  which  met  March  30,  1700,  received  on 
April  1  the  return  of  the  Sheriff  of  Bucks  County  of  rep- 
resentatives in  Council,  from  which  it  appears  that  William 
Biles  was  elected  for  two  years,5  and  appeared  and  took  his 
seat;  and  on  April  10,  the  question  of  laws  for  securing  the 
people's  property  in  Overplus  Lands  being  debated  and  left 
to  the  consideration  of  the  Governor  and  Council,  "y* 
prov.  Gov.  appointed  John  Simcoke,  Joseph  Growdon 
and  Wm.  Biles 6  to  meet  him  att  night  to  consider  yrof,  & 
as  neer  as  might  be,  to  adjust  ye  rates  of  overplus  Lands, 
according  to  their  neerness  to  or  remoteness  from  ye  town 
of  Philadelphia." 

On  June  7,  1700,  the  opposition  between  the  members  of 

1  Colonial  Records,  p.  468. 

2  Votes  of  Assembly,  vol.  i.  pt.  1,  p.  94. 
5  Colonial  Records,  vol.  i.  p.  515. 

4  Ibid.,  p.  536.  5  Ibid.,  p.  568.  •  Ibid.,  p.  573. 


198  William  Biles. 

the  upper  and  lower  counties  about  the  number  of  members 
and  representatives,  charges,  etc.,  prevented  an  agreement 
about  the  proposed  new  Charter,1  and  it  having  been  voted 
that  they  would  not  be  governed  by  the  old  Charter,  but 
that  Penn  should  resume  government  under  letters  patent 
of  King  Charles  II.,  the  Speaker,  in  behalf  of  the  repre- 
sentatives in  Assembly,  William  Biles  and  John  Hill,  in 
behalf  of  those  in  Council,  for  the  Province  and  territories 
respectively,  by  the  unanimous  consent  of  all  members 
present  of  both  Council  and  Assembly,  took  the  Charter 
and  delivered  it  up  to  the  Proprietary  and  Governor. 

On  October  24,  at  a  Council  held  at  New  Castle,  the 
Proprietary  "sent  for  ph.  pemberton,  "Wm.  Biles  &  Jn° 
Blunston,2  who  having  been  qualified  to  be  of  ye  Council, 
took  yr  places  att  ye  board." 

As  William  Biles  went  to  England  in  1701,  he  was 
absent  from  the  meetings  of  Council  that  year. 

Not  only  was  he  a  member  of  the  Council  for  the  years 
1698-1701,  as  above  stated,  but  he  was  also  during  the 
years  1699-1701  a  Puisne  Judge,  or  one  of  the  Justices  of 
the  highest  court  in  the  Province.3  Prior  to  1790  the  Court 
of  Oyer  and  Terminer,  for  trial  of  higher  crimes  and  appeal, 
was  held  by  the  Justices  of  the  Provincial  or  Supreme 
Court,  Avho  made  a  circuit  of  the  counties  at  stated  times, 
and  we  find  that  on  April  18,  1699,  Edward  Shippen,  Cor- 
nelius Enipson,  and  William  Biles  held  court  at  Chester. 

In  1700  Phineas  Pemberton,  William  Biles,  and  Richard 
Hough  were  appointed  Judges  of  a  Court  of  Inquiry  "  For 
the  compleat  Settling  and  Establishing  of  Affairs  of  Prop- 
erty in  this  the  County  of  Bucks."  That  the  powers  of  this 
Court  were  very  extensive  is  shown  by  their  commission 
signed  by  William  Penn  10th  mo.  18,  1700,  which  is  given 
in  full  in  Buck's  History  of  Bucks  County* 

During  the  early  days  of  the  Province  there  were  no 

1  Colonial  Records,  p.  588.  3  Ibid.,  p.  592. 

8  Pa.  Arch.,  2d  ser.,  vol.  ix.  p.  630  ;  Hist.  Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  p.  370. 

*  P.  23  ;  see  Battle's  Bucks  Co.,  p.  366. 


William  Biles.  199 

lawyers  there,  but  William  Biles  and  others  appeared  for 
their  neighbors  and  friends,  and  were  called  attorneys.  It 
also  appears  that  in  December,  1702,  the  court  adjourned 
to  William  Biles's  house ;  *  this  was  soon  after  his  return 
from  England. 

At  the  Assembly  begun  at  Philadelphia  on  October  15, 
1703,  William  Biles  was  present  and  signed  the  declaration 
and  test,2  and  on  August  21,  1704,  he  informed  the  House,3 
"  that  Nathaniel  Puckle  had  a  Letter  from  the  Proprietary  to 
be  communicated  to  several  Persons  here,  encouraging 
them  to  insist  upon  the  Privileges  of  their  Charter  and 
Laws,  and  not  tamely  give  them  up ;  and  instanced  what 
Advantage  it  has  been  to  the  People  of  Rhode-Island,  Con- 
necticut, and  other  Proprietary  Governments,  to  assert  their 
Eights,"  etc. 

James  Logan,  writing  to  Penn  9th  mo.  22,  1704,  says,4 
"  That  ridiculous  old  man,  W.  Biles,  frequently  affirms  they 
will  never  grant  one  penny  on  any  account  till  they  have 
all  their  privileges  explained  and  confirmed." 

In  1704  the  animosity  between  the  Proprietary's  adherents 
and  his  opponents,  which  had  long  been  an  undercurrent 
in  politics,  broke  forth  with  great  violence,  and  the  country 
became  distinctly  divided  into  two  political  parties,  the 
Proprietary  or  Aristocratic  and  the  Popular  or  Democratic, 
the  former  under  the  leadership  of  Logan  and  the  latter 
under  that  of  David  Lloyd.  William  Biles  belonged  to  the 
latter,  while  some  of  his  neighbors  and  personal  friends  be- 
longed to  the  former,  and  were  his  bitter  political  enemies. 

Logan  spoke  in  such  strongly  adverse  terms  of  the  promi- 
nent members  of  the  Popular  party  that  the  editor  of  the 
Penn-Logan  Correspondence  felt  called  upon  several  times  to 
make  excuses  for  him,  and  to  say,5 "  such  was  the  Secretary's 

1  Battle's  Bucks  Co.,  pp.  250,  205. 

*  Proud' s  Hist.  Penna.,  vol.  i.  p.  455  n. 

3  Historical  Review  of  Const,  and  Govt.  of  Penna.,  p.  65  n. 

4  Penn-Logan  Corresp.,  vol.  i.  p.  344. 

5  Ibid.,  vol.  ii.  p.  34. 


200  William  Biles. 

• 

zeal  for  the  Proprietary  interests  that  he  was  not  inclined 
to  regard  with  favor  those  who  were  arrayed  against  them." 
In  his  letters  to  Penn  he  says,1 — 

"This  people  think  privileges  their  due,  and  all  that  can  be  grasped 
to  be  their  native  right.  .  .  .  They  think  it  their  business  to  secure  them- 
selves against  a  queen's  government;"  and  again,2  "The  generality, 
however,  are  honestly  and  well  inclined,  and  out  of  assembly  are  very 
good  men  ;  but  when  got  together,  I  know  not  how  they  are  infatuated 
and  led  by  smooth  stories. " 

The  fact  that  Logan  spoke  in  harsh  terms  of  the  public  acts  of  Biles 
and  others  does  not  seem  to  have  affected  his  regard  for  and  intercourse 
with  them  personally  ;  for,  after  the  Evans  affair  had  occurred,  we  find 
him  writing  to  William  Biles  under  date  of  8th  mo.  11,  1708,8  begin- 
ning the  letter,  "Loving  Friend,"  and  closing  it,  "I  am  thy  well- 
wishing  friend. ' '  This  letter  was  partly  in  regard  to  a  claim  of  certain 
persons  to  Biles's  Island,  and  Logan  states,  "I  will  spare  no  pains  nor 
cost  to  convince  these  persons,  whoever  they  are,  that  they  have  been 
in  the  wrong,"  etc. 

William  Biles  was  Treasurer  of  Bucks  County  in  1704,4 
and  also  collector  of  money  granted  the  Proprietary  by  the 
Legislature ;  and  on  March  28 5  he  and  the  other  collectors 
of  this  fund  were  summoned  to  attend  the  Council,  and  "  to 
answer  for  their  neglect  in  Collecting  ye  sd  Tax  within  their 
several  Districts."  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Assembly 
which  met  at  Philadelphia  October  14,  1704,  and  was  one 
of  the  committee 6  to  which  the  bill  for  "  the  Affirmations 
to  pass  in  Lieu  of  Oaths,"  etc.,  was  committed,  8th  mo.  26, 
and  9th  mo.  14  on  the  committee  to  prepare  the  Votes  of 
Assembly  for  publication,  and  on  adjournment  of  the  Assem- 
bly (3d  mo.  23,  1705)  was  sued  by  Governor  Evans  in  an 
action  of  £2000  pounds,  as  related  by  Logan,7  "for  say- 
ing these  words  on  the  llth-month  last;  <  He  is  but  a 

1  Penn-Logan  Corresp.,  vol.  i.  p.  299. 

2  Ibid.,  vol.  i.  p.  323. 

3  Ibid.,  vol.  ii.  p.  299. 

4  Pa.  Arch.,  2d  ser.,  vol.  ix.  pp.  744,  743. 
9  Colonial  Records,  vol.  ii.  p.  124. 

6  Votes  of  Assembly,  vol.  i.  pt.  2,  p.  22. 

7  Penn-Logan  Corresp.,  vol.  ii.  p.  33. 


William  Biles.  201 

boy ;  he  is  not  fit  to  be  our  Governour.  We'll  kick  him  out  ; 
we'll  kick  him  out.'  And  at  the  ensuing  Court,  himself  not 
appearing,  and  David  Lloyd,  his  attorney,  demurring  upon 
a  plea  of  privilege  as  an  Assemblyman,  which  was  over- 
ruled, he  was  ordered  to  plead  over  and  come  to  an  issu- 
able  plea;  but  this  he  refused,  and  therefore  judgment  went 
against  him  yesterday.  A  jury  of  inquiry  sat  upon  the 
damages,  and  found  £300  to  the  Governour." l 

"William  Biles  wrote  a  letter  to  Governor  Evans,  the 
original  of  which  is  now  in  the  library  of  the  Historical 
Society  of  Pennsylvania.  It  has  never  been  published,  and 
is  as  follows : 

[3d  mo.  1706.] 

"To  John  Evans  Esqr  Liftenant  Govenr  of  the  provience  of  pensil- 
vania. 

"the  pettition  of  Wm  Biles  of  ye  County  of  bucks  In  all  humble 
manner  sheweth 

"that  thou  was  pleased  to  comence  an  action  against  me  upon  Sup- 
posesion  that  I  had  spoken  sum  scandelous  words  of  thee  but  thorough 
the  Inadvertansy  or  desine  of  the  shreife  hee  Sumoned  me  upon  the  day 
that  I  was  actually  conserned  In  the  servis  of  the  assembley  of  this 
provience  which  ocationed  me  to  plead  or  Insist  upon  my  priviledge  as 
I  was  and  am  a  member  of  that  assembley  and  for  that  and  no  other 
Keason  I  declined  Answering  thy  declaration  and  making  further  de- 
fense to  thy  suit  and  had  it  not  been  for  yt  I  doubt  not  but  I  would 
have  prodused  such  proofe  as  might  have  Invalidated  that  single  evi- 
dence given  against  me  or  at  Least  Rendered  It  In  Efectuall  to  main- 
taine  thy — declaration  and  for  my  owne  part  I  can  singly  say  that  I  do 
not  Remember  that  I  ever  spoke  those  words  as  A  Leaged  In  yt  declara- 
tion but  In  Regard  thou  hast  given  unto  such  Information  and  conserned 
so  much  displeasure  against  me  and  although  thou  hast  given  mee  sum 
discouragement  to  make  any  further  Application  to  thee  upon  that 
account  never  the  Less  I  hope  thou  will  not  be  oifended  at  these  few 
Leines  whear  by  I  do  signifie  unto  thee  as  before  I  have  done  that  I  am 

1  The  editor  of  Penn-Logan  Correspondence  (vol.  ii.  p.  131)  remarks 
that  "The  plain  import  of  the  words  was  that  Evans  was  a  boy,  and 
deserved  to  be  turned  out ;  the  correctness  of  which  was  shown  in  the 
fact  that  suit  was  brought  in  a  spirit  of  boyish  petulance,  and  with  the 
hope  that  some  money  might  be  made  out  of  it.  His  course  (as  shown 
in  Logan's  letter  of  4th  mo.  12,  1706)  fully  establishes  the  truth  of 
Biles' s  statement,  and  much  more." 


I 

202  William  Biles. 

hearttily  sorrey  for  any  words  by  me  spoaken  at  any  time  conserning 
thee  which  hath  given  thee  any  Just  ocation  of  ofence  neither  did  I 
ever  act  any  thing  against  thee  to  thy  hurt  therefore  I  desiar  that  thou 
would  be  pleased  to  pas  by  yt  which  cannot  be  recaled  and  for  the  future 
I  do  Intend  to  be  carfull  of  ofending  thee 

"WM   BILES." 

As  this  affair  has  caused  William  Biles  more  notoriety 
than  any  other  event,  it  will  probably  be  of  interest  to  note 
some  of  the  actions  taken  by  the  Assembly  and  Council  in 
regard  thereto,  as  it  occupied  the  attention  of  both  Houses 
on  several  days,  and  the  Votes  of  Assembly  and  Colonial 
Records  contain  the  proceedings  in  full.1  Before  doing  this, 
however,  it  will  be  well  to  make  some  investigation  as  to 
Governor  Evans. 

John  Evans,  who  succeeded  Hamilton  as  Deputy  Governor 
in  1704,  was  at  the  time  of  his  appointment  only  twenty-six 
years  of  age,  was  an  officer  of  the  Queen's  household,  and 
in  consequence  of  his  previous  surroundings  had  little  sym- 
pathy with  the  life  and  character  of  Pennsylvania  Friends.2 
With  his  first  interview  with  the  Assembly  began  a  quarrel 
which,  owing  to  his  want  of  tact  and  his  disorderly  life, 
eventually  enabled  the  faction  of  David  Lloyd  to  thwart  all 
his  projects.3 

Benjamin  Franklin  says  of  him,4 — 

"So  unpopular  was  he,  that  an  unanimous  Vote  of  Thanks  to  the 
Proprietary  was  passed  on  his  being  removed,  almost  before  his  Face, 
for  he  was  still  a  Resident  amongst  them." 

Rev.  Edward  D.  Neill  concludes  his  narrative  of  Evans's 
chastisement  by  a  countryman,  whom  he  had  ordered  to 
turn  his  loaded  wagon  out  of  the  road  so  that  he,  who  was 
on  foot,  might  pass,  with  the  statement  that  "At  length  the 

1  Votes  of  Assembly,  vol.  i.  pt.  2,  pp.  43-48  ;  Colonial  Records,  vol.  ii. 
pp.  205-209. 

2  Armor's  Lives  of  the  Governors  of  Penna.,  pp.  118-121  ;  Egle's  His- 
tory of  Penna.,  p.  61. 

3  Keith's  Lives  of  Provincial  Councillors,  p.  7. 

4  Historical  Review  of  Const,  and  Govt.  of  Penna.,  p.  71. 


William  Biles.  203 

waggoner  discovered  that  every  governor  was  not  a  gentle- 
man, and  that  he  had  assaulted  Governor  Evans ;" *  and  adds, 
"  the  private  life  of  Evans  was  as  censurable  as  his  public 
conduct." 

William  Penn  wrote  to  Governor  Evans  7th  mo.  30, 
1705,2— 

' '  Much  is  said  of  the  Lewdnes  of  Pennsylvania.  I  beg  of  thee  to  have 
regard  to  my  Character  and  give  not  that  advantage  against  ine  either 
with  God  or  good  or  bad  men  whose  ill  use  of  it  I  most  fear,  on  a  publick 
acct.  I  have  just  now  Kec'd  thine  of  5th  5  mo  (July)  and  am  very  Sorry 
that  wicked  man  D.  L.  could  blow  up  any  of  his  Mermidons  to  such  a 
pitch  of  brutishness  as  thy  Acct.  of  William  Biles  relates  that  is  a  meer 
vox  et  praeterea  nihil,  a  Coxcomb,  and  a  Prag-matick  in  graine.  That 
fellow's  plantation  is  a  Robbery  upon  Pennsbury,3  and  if  there  be  a 
grant,  was  not  a  purchase  from  me,  nor  any  Towed  Land  writs,  for  it 
was  surveyed  long  before  and  done  in  my  absence,  formerly,  and  Judge 
Mompresson  can  tell  if  I  may  not  be  deceived,  in  my  Grant  as  well  as 
the  Crown,  be  it  King  or  Queen, — Since,  if  confirmed,  it  was  upon 
Surprize,  and  rattle  an  Inquisition  about  his  eares,  if  not  a  prosecution. 
And  know  that  when  the  time  is  expired  of  Session  he  may  be  taken  to 
task,  Since  the  Service  he  may  pretend  he  was  to  attend  is  over.  And 
first  complain  to  the  Friends,  and  if  they  wont  or  cant  bow  him  to  make 
Satisfaction,  take  it  by  Law  thy  Selfe.  Pray  mind  what  I  say,  be 
Secret,  which  is  discreet,  and  fall  on  him  or  any  other  such  unruly 
People  at  once,  and  make  Some  one  Example  "to  terrific  the  rest.  Thou 
hast  not  only  my  leave,  but  liking  and  encouragement  whether  called 
Quakers  or  others. ' ' 

Governor  Evans's  subsequent  action  in  regard  to  William 
Biles  is  thus  shown  to  have  been  fully  approved  by  Penn, 
who  perhaps  was  aware  that  in  1629,  having  "  obtained  the 
opinion  of  the  judges  that  privilege  of  parliament  did  not 
protect  a  member  from  prosecution  after  the  close  of  the 
session  for  offences  committed  during  it,"  the  Attorn  ey- 

1  N.  Eng.  Hist,  and  Gen.  Register,  vol.  xxvi.  pp.  423,  424. 

2  Ibid.,  p.  427. 

8  The  plantation  referred  to  must  have  been  the  one  near  the  north- 
western boundary  of  the  manor,  for  which  patent  was  issued  in  1705, 
as  per  minutes  of  the  Board  of  Property,  Pa.  Arch.,  2d  ser.,  vol. 
xix.  p.  473. 


t 

204  William  Biles. 

^ 

General,  Sir  Robert  Heath,1  instituted  proceedings  against 
Holies,  Eliot,  Selden,  and  other  members,  and  obtained 
judgment  against  them  of  imprisonment  during  the  King's 
pleasure. 

Penn's  description  of  William  Biles  is  not  upheld  by  later 
historians,  whose  estimates  are  condensed  in  Dr.  George 
Smith's  statement,2  that  "  He  was  a  man  of  ability  and  the 
strictest  integrity."  Logan,  sharing  Penn's  animosity,  said 
of  him,3  "  he  very  much  influences  that  debauched  County 
of  Bucks,  in  which  there  is  now  scarce  any  one  man  ot 
worth  left." 

However,  we  find  that  on  4th  mo.  12,  1705,  William 
Biles  complained  to  the  Assembly  "against  the  Justices 
and  Sheriff  of  the  County  of  Philadelphia,  for  a  Breach  ot 
Priviledge,"  and  it  was  ordered  to  be  considered  the  next 
week.  On  the  19th  the  House  decided4  "That  it  is  a 
Breach  of  Priviledge  of  this  House,  that  any  Member  duly 
elected  to  serve  in  Assembly,  shall,  without  the  Leave  ot 
the  House,  be  summoned  or  drawn,  or  in  any  wise  com- 
pelled, during  the  Session  or  Continuance  of  Assembly,  to 
appear  at  any  inferior  Court  in  this  Province,  upon  any 
Pleas  or  Complaints,  excepting  for  Treason,  Felony,  or 
Breach  of  the  Peace,"  and  in  the  afternoon,  upon  further 
consideration  and  debate,  it  was  decided  that  the  Sheriff 
who  summoned  William  Biles  to  answer  the  action  against 
him,  and  the  four  Justices  of  the  Court  who  denied  him  "  his 
Priviledge  by  over-ruling  his  Plea  in  that  Behalf,  have  com- 
mitted a  manifest  Breach  of  Priviledge  against  this  House." 

On  the  20th  a  message  from  the  Governor  to  the  House 
of  Representatives  was  drawn  up,  read  in  the  Council,5  and 
approved  of,  in  which  he  stated  that  William  Biles  had  used 
the  most  scandalous  and  seditious  expressions  against  him, 

1  Diet,  of  Nat.  Biog.,  vol.  xxv.  p.  347. 

2  Hist.  Delaware  Co.,  Pa.,  p.  447. 

3  Penn-Logan  Corresp.,  vol.  ii.  p.  34. 

4  Votes  of  Assembly,  vol.  i.  pt.  2,  p.  43. 

5  Colonial  Records,  vol.  ii.  p.  205. 


William  Biles.  205 

and  he  demanded  that  they  expel  Biles  from  the  House  and 
advise  him  of  their  action  without  delay.  This  message 
was  read  in  the  House  that  day  and  ordered  to  he  read 
again  the  next  day.  On  the  21st,  after  it  had  been  again 
read  and  William  Biles  had  withdrawn,  and  the  matter  had 
heen  debated,the  minutes  state  that, "The  Question  being  put, 
that  the  said  William  Biles  be  expelled  this  House,  according 
to  the  Governor's  Eequest  ?  It  passed  in  the  Negative. 

"  Ordered.  That  an  Address  to  the  Governor  be  drawn  con- 
cerning the  said  William.  Biles,  which  shall  comprize  the  Opin- 
ion and  Kesolves  of  this  House  relating  to  the  Premises." 

On  the  22d  the  Address,  which  had  been  prepared,  was 
read  before  the  House,  agreed  to,  and  ordered  to  be  signed 
by  the  Speaker  and  presented  to  the  Governor,  who  on  the 
23d  laid  it  before  the  Council.  In  it  the  House  stated  that, 
while  not  justifying  such  words  as  were  alleged  to  have 
been  spoken,  nevertheless,  the  manner  of  proceedings  against 
William  Biles  was  very  offensive  to  the  House,  and  that  the 
Sheriff  who  served  the  writ  and  the  Justices  who  heard  the 
case  committed  a  manifest  breach  of  privilege  against  the 
House ;  and  as  they  were  tender  of  the  privileges  of  the 
House,  so  they  would  gladly  show  their  resentment  of  all 
indignities  offered  to  the  Governor ;  but  they  found  no  suf- 
ficient ground  for  expelling  William  Biles  from  the  House, 
and  requested  that  he  be  given  an  opportunity  to  call  and 
vindicate  himself,  so  far  as  he  can. 

The  minutes  of  Council  show  that  it  was  the  unanimous 
opinion  of  the  Board  that  it  was  useless  to  spend  longer 
time  conferring  with  the  then  present  House,  and  was  most 
advisable  to  end  further  debates  by  dismissing  them.  Ac- 
cordingly the  Governor  requested  the  attendance  of  the 
Speaker  with  the  whole  House,  made  them  a  sharp  speech, 
refused  to  let  the  Speaker  be  heard  in  vindication  of  the 
House,  and  dismissed  them. 

James  Logan,  in  a  long  letter  to  William  Penn,1  stated 
substantially  that — 

1  Penn-Logan  Corresp.,  vol.  ii.  pp.  131-133. 


206  William  Biles. 

% 

' '  The  Yearly  Meeting  sent  for  Biles  to  town,  and  condemned  him  for 
it,  and  made  some  intercession  in  his  behalf,  stating  it  would  be  gener- 
ous in  the  Governour  to  forgive  him  all ;  the  Assembly  also  in  12th  mo. 
interceded  for  him  and  the  Governour  assured  Edward  Shippen  and  the 
other  messengers  from  the  House  that  he  never  designed  to  injure  W. 
Biles,  and  gave  them  his  word  that  if  ever  he  found  cause  to  give  him 
any  further  trouble  he  would  first  acquaint  them  therewith.  In  1st  mo. 
William  Biles  relying  upon  the  assurances  of  Edward  Shippen  and 
others  concluded  he  might  safely  venture  to  town.  He  met  the  Gover- 
nour, shook  hands  with  him,  and  all  seemed  well ;  yet  the  Govr.  went 
to  Robt.  Ashton's  and  caused  a  writ  to  be  drawn  which  he  had  signed 
and  at  the  same  time  wrote  a  letter  to  Edward  Shippen  and  the  others 
which  he  took  care  should  not  be  delivered  until  after  the  Sheriff  had 
arrested  Wm.  Biles.  These  members  of  Assembly  hurried  to  the  Gov- 
ernour, with  great  concern,  but  could  not  move  him,  nor  could  I  though 
I  pleaded  with  him  for  nearly  an  hour,  telling  him  that  the  Government 
would  greatly  suffer  by  such  dishonorable  proceedings.  I  laboured  to 
get  others  to  speak  to  him  on  the  subject,  and  prevailed  on  the  Sheriff 
to  keep  his  prisoner  at  the  public  house  where  he  had  taken  him,  until 
it  was  evident  that  all  intercession  was  in  vain,  when  he  was  committed. 
Divers  Friends  were  much  concerned  and  the  women  took  very  good 
care  of  William  in  prison.  When  I  came  home  I  wrote  a  long  remon- 
strative  letter  to  the  Governour,  which  I  delivered  the  next  day  and  for 
about  an  hour  endeavored  by  the  most  pressing  and  cogent  arguments  to 
dissuade  him  from  his  course.  William  was  kept  a  close  prisoner  for 
about  a  month,  until  the  Governour  saw  he  could  never  get  any  money 
by  it,  but  lost  his  own  interest  with  the  Country  and  his  Friends. 
'Twas  this,  however,  that  first  caused  people  to  look  about  them.  But 
however  this  ended,  the  disgust  at  one  time  was  high." 

Another  writer  upon  the  subject  says,1 — 

"but  finally  finding  the  whole  community  incensed  against  him  for 
the  course  he  was  pursuing,  he  released  his  prisoner  without  the  fine. 
William  was  satisfied  that  he  had  allowed  the  warmth  of  his  feelings  to 
get  the  better  of  his  judgment  when  he  had  spoken  the  honest  convic- 
tions of  his  "mind,  relative  to  the  weak-minded,  quarrelsome  Governor, 
and  he  hesitated  not  to  condemn  his  so  speaking.  It  does  not  appear 
but  that  he  was  as  useful  in  religious  as  well  as  civil  concerns  after- 
wards, as  he  had  been  before  this  affair  took  place.'1 

1  The  Friend,  vol.  xxviii.  p.  109. 
(To  be  continued.) 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     207 


THE   SOCIETY   OF   THE    SONS   OF   SAINT  TAMMANY 
OF  PHILADELPHIA. 

BY   FRANCIS   VON   A.  CABEEN. 

(Continued  from  page  24.) 

The  Continental  money  at  this  time  had  risen  to  two 
hundred  and  twenty  dollars  of  it  to  one  dollar  of  hard 
money,  and  we  are  led  to  believe  that  our  Whig  friends 
had  little  of  either  kind  to  invest  in  public  dinners.  In 
this  connection  we  wish  to  call  the  reader's  attention  to 
a  curious  notice  in  the  Journal l  of  "A  Society  of  Gentle- 
men," who  proposed  to  punish  all  those  people  who  had 
settled  or  offered  to  settle  debts  contracted  in  hard  money 
in  the  depreciated  paper  money  by  publishing  their  names 
in  the  papers.  The  article  closes  with  "  by  order  of  the 
society,  John  Fielding,  Secretary."  Who  they  were  we 
cannot  say,  but  the  sentiments  expressed  are  very  similar  to 
those  held  by  our  friends  of  the  Tammany  Society. 

The  fifth  anniversary  of  Independence  Day  was  celebrated 
by  a  cold  collation  given  to  the  officers  of  the  allied  armies 
at  the  State-House.  The  account  of  it  says,  "  No  doubt 
every  WTiig  will  rejoice  on  the  happy  occasion,  and  every 
Tory,  when  he  views  the  situation  of  his  friends  the  British 
must  hang  his  head  and  before  the  next  it  is  highly  probable 
will  hang  himself."2  It  is  not  within  the  scope  of  our 
history  to  give  all  the  public  festivities  that  took  place  this 
year ;  but  there  is  one  account  of  an  entertainment  which 
we  think  worthy  of  insertion,  for  the  reason  that  it  is  ex- 
actly in  line  with  what  the  Saint  Tammany  Society  did 
themselves  a  few  years  later. 

On  the  17th  instant  about  forty-two  Indian  chiefs  and 

1  Freeman's  Journal,  May  9,  1781.  *  Ibid.,  July  4,  1781. 


208     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Hammany  of  Philadelphia. 

warriors  waited  upon  his  Excellency  the  Minister  of  France.1 
He  offered  them  various  presents,  which  they  received  with 
great  pleasure,  and  after  having  exchanged  the  following 
speeches,  they  sat  down  to  dinner,  where  they  behaved  with 
cheerfulness  and  affability,  and  expressed  by  their  toasts  and 
conversation  their  great  attachment  to  Congress  and  their  sin- 
cere friendship  for  the  French  nation.  His  Excellency  said, — 

"Brothers,  Sachems  and  Warriors  of  the  Oneidas,  Tuscaroras,  and 
Cachnewagues. — Open  your  ears  and  hear  what  I  have  to  say  to  you  as 
the  representative  of  your  old  friend  and  father  the  King  of  France. 
Brother — It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  see  you  face  to  face  after  your 
long  journey.  I  thank  the  Great  Spirit  for  giving  us  this  opportunity  of 
speaking  together  at  this  place  ;  I  hope  the  road  will  soon  be  open  and 
freed  from  briars  and  thorns,  that  you  may  safely  travel  to  and  from 
the  great  council  fire  kindled  at  Philadelphia  by  the  United  States  of 
America,  the  friends  and  allies  of  the  King  your  father.  Brother — I 
have  no  doubt  the  council  fire  will  burn  brighter  the  longer  it  continues, 
and  for  this  end  we  must  all  strive  together  and  heap  so  much  wood 
upon  it,  that  it  will  reach  the  skies  and  be  seen  and  felt  by  all  the 
nations,  giving  light  and  warmth  to  our  friends  and  striking  our  ene- 
mies with  terror,  and  threatening  their  destruction.  Brother — As  your 
Father  and  the  United  States  of  America  have  joined  their  councils  and 
arms  in  one  common  cause,  they  have  now  but  one  head  and  one  heart, 
and  they  have  bound  themselves  together  by  a  strong  covenant  of  chain 
which  no  power  on  earth  is  able  to  break.  The  King  your  father  re- 
gards with  sincere  friendship  all  those  who  take  hold  of  the  covenant 
chain.  He  therefore  will  take  particular  pleasure  in  showing  his  esteem 
for  such  faithful  friends  to  the  cause  of  France  and  America  as  those  of 
the  Oneidas,  Tuscaroras  and  Cachnewagues,  who  have  submitted  even  to 
abandon  their  country  rather  than  have  their  eyes  blinded  like  many  of 
your  Indian  brethren  by  British  arts  and  deceitful  practices.  Brother — 
I  advise  you  to  continue  to  hold  fast  this  chain  of  friendship,  and  keep 
your  part  of  it  free  from  all  rust,  making  it  so  bright,  that  none  can 
look  upon  it  whose  eyes  are  not  strong  and  clear  and  their  intentions 
honest,  without  being  covered  with  shame  and  confusion.  Brother — 
You  may  rest  assured  that  the  King  your  father  has  sent  powerful 
succours  to  the  assistance  of  his  beloved  friends  the  United  States  ot 
America,  and  from  our  joint  endeavours  with  the  blessing  of  God,  we 
have  reason  to  hope  for  the  most  prosperous  end  of  the  war.  We  will 
then  tie  our  covenant  chain  to  a  mountain,  so  that  it  will  hold  fast  for- 
ever and  bind  our  two  nations  and  all  their  friends  together  as  long  as 
1  Freeman's  Journal,  October  3,  1781. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     209 

the  sun  and  moon  endure.  Brother — I  beg  your  acceptance  of  a  few 
articles  which  I  present  as  a  small  token  of  my  esteem  and  which  I  give 
to  make  the  countenances  of  your  wise  men  more  cheerful,  and  sharpen 
the  tomahawks  of  your  warriors  that  they  may  fight  manfully  against  our 
common  enemy.  Brother — I  wish  you  a  safe  and  speedy  return  to  your 
families,  and  I  pray  the  Almighty  to  cover  your  heads  with  his  holy 
protection,  that  you  and  your  children's  children  may  sit  down  under 
the  shade  of  your  own  trees  and  smoke  your  pipes  in  peace,  growing  to 
your  own  grounds  like  a  strong  oak  which  shall  take  such  deep  root  that 
no  storm  shall  hereafter  be  able  to  blow  it  down.  But  all  the  nations 
shall  gather  under  its  branches  for  shelter  and  shall  hang  up  their  belts 
on  its  boughs,  and  being  no  more  deceived  by  our  enemies  shall  be  ruled 
by  the  wisdom  of  your  counsellors,  as  long  as  the  stars  remain  in  the 
Heavens  or  the  rivers  flow." 

Answer  of  the  Indian  chief  Arara  (or  Grasshopper)  to 
his  Excellency  the  Minister  of  France : 

"Father — We  have  heard  thy  words  and  we  shall  repeat  them  to  our 
warriors,  to  our  women  and  to  our  children,  and  we  shall  bring  them 
thy  presents.  We  have  seen  with  joy  the  union  subsisting  between  the 
sons  of  our  father  that  lives  on  the  other  side  of  the  great  lake,  and  our 
brethren  the  inhabitants  of  the  United  States.  Father — We  have  tied 
to  a  mountain  of  rock  the  chain  that  binds  us  to  thee,  nothing  is  able 
to  break  it,  and  we  shall  keep  it  clean  from  rust  that  it  may  last  as  long 
as  the  stars  of  the  firmament.  Father — While  we  stayed  in  our  habita- 
tions at  Schenectady  we  saw  little  beautiful  birds  that  came  to  us,  and 
acquainted  us  with  what  they  had  seen  on  the  other  side  of  the  great 
lake.  They  have  told  us  that  our  father  and  our  mother  are  beloved  by 
their  children  but  that  they  had  not  yet  got  a  son  who  might  at  once 
become  our  father  and  the  father  of  their  great  family.  Tell  him  that 
we  hope  they  will  soon  be  blessed  with  a  son,  whom  the  children  of  our 
children  will  call  their  father.  Father — When  the  French  and  English 
buried  their  hatchets  in  a  hole  as  deep  as  the  great  lake,  when  they 
broke  their  fire  locks  after  the  last  war,  the  French  Governor  assembled 
us  and  told  us  the  following  words  :  '  Take  this  wampum  and  preserve 
carefully  these  hatchets.  Be  always  the  faithful  friends  of  your  father 
the  King  of  France.  He  is  obliged  to  leave  you  to-day,  and  he 
advises  you  to  live  in  peace  with  the  King  of  England ;  but  if  ever 
he  treats  you  in  a  manner  contrary  to  the  laws  of  justice,  the  King  ol 
France  your  father,  or  his  warriors  will  come  to  assist  you  by  another 
road.'  Father — We  see  that  thou  hast  not  deceived  us  ;  we  shall  main- 
tain the  fires  of  our  councils  in  a  constant  friendship,  with  our  father, 
and  inform  our  friends  of  what  we  have  seen  and  heard." 
VOL.  XXVI. — 14 


* 
210     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

Here  the  Indian  chief  took  out  of  a  bag  a  large  wampum, 
on  the  extremities  of  which  were  the  name  of  Louis  and  the 
figure  of  two  hatchets.  He  presented  them  to  the  Chevalier 
de  la  Luzerne,  that  he  might  examine  them. 

While  the  newspapers  did  not  give  any  account  of  our 
Philadelphia  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  having  a  dinner, 
there  is  in  the  possession  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Penn- 
sylvania an  original  paper  showing  the  organization,  by-laws, 
etc.,  of  a  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  organized  in  New  Jersey 
on  May  1  of  this  year.  We  give  a  copy  of  this  docu- 
ment, which  follows  closely  the  Philadelphia  Society : 

"  The  Constitution  of  the  New  Jersey  Society  of  the  Sons  of  St. 
Tamminy  No.  1. 

"I. 

"That  we  will  meet  annually  on  the  first  day  of  May  for  the  celebra- 
tion of  our  Saint  at  such  place  as  shall  be  notified  by  the  President  in 
the  public  prints  :  Provided  however  that  if  any  of  the  days  appointed 
for  the  convening  of  the  society  should  happen  to  be  the  Sabbath  it  will 
be  postponed  untill  the  nionday  following. 

"II. 

' '  That  on  the  first  of  May  annually  the  members  of  the  Society  shall 
meet  to  choose  a  President  Vice  President  &  thirteen  members  for  the 
council  three  of  whom  shall  be  a  quorum,  to  meet  at  such  times  &  places 
as  the  President  shall  direct  to  transact  the  business  of  the  Society  as 
invested  in  them  by  these  articles. 

"III. 

"That  the  President  &  Council  on  the  2nd  of  May  annually  shall 
elect  a  secretary  &  Treasurer  for  the  society. 

"IV. 

"That  the  Council  shall  have  the  power  of  admitting  new  members, 
constituting  them  sons  of  St.  Tamminy  &  issuing  certificates  to  them 
under  the  seal  of  the  society  &  sign  of  the  President  attested  by  the  Sec- 
retary :  Provided  that  no  person  be  admitted  as  a  member  but  such  as 
is  of  good  report. 

"V. 

"That  any  member  who  shall  behave  in  a  disorderly  &  disgraceful 
manner  shall  be  suspended  or  expelled  the  society  by  a  majority  of 
members  at  their  annual  meeting. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     211 

1  'VI. 

' '  That  every  person  at  his  admittance  pay  into  the  Treasury  the  sum 
of  four  dollars  ;  and  that  every  member  pay  therein  annually  the  sum  of 
one  Dollar. 

"VII. 

"That  the  Council  shall  have  the  ordering  and  disposal  of  the  public 
money  with  rendering  a  satisfactory  account  to  the  society  annually  on 
the  last  of  May  :  Provided  also  that  all  charitable  donations  shall  first 
extend  to  the  poor  of  the  society. 

"VIII. 

' '  That  the  Treasurer  on  the  first  day  of  May  annually  shall  lay  his 
accounts  properly  adjusted  before  the  Council  for  liquidation. 

"IX. 

"That  any  article  of  the  Constitution  shall  be  subject  to  alteration  or 
addition  for  two  years  by  a  majority  of  voices  at  the  annual  meeting  on  the 
1st  of  May  ;  but  after  that  time  they  will  not  be  subject  to  any  alteration 
but  shall  be  subject  to  addition. 

"X. 

"That  every  person  at  his  admittance  into  the  Society  subscribe  to 
the  above  articles. 

"Signed  on  the  1st  Day  of  May  1782. 

"  J.  N.  GUMMING,  President 
"EBEN  ELMER,  Secretary 
"VLNER  VANZANDT,  Counsel 
"W.  HELMS,  Counsel 
"LR.  HALSEY,  Counsel 

Nath'l  Bowman  Sam' el  Seely 

Ben.  Osmun  John  Hopper 

Derick  Lane  Sam.  Beading 

A.  Weymon  Sam.  Conn 

John  Pintard  Wm.  Anderson 

Mos.  G.  Elmer  Jacob  Harris 

Sam'l  M.  Shute  John  Keucastle  (?) 

Francis  Luse  Absalom  Martin 

G.  Mead  Jona.  Forman 

John  Bishop  Jos.  Breck 

A.  Brooks  Peter  Faulkner 

Nathan  Wilkison  John  Blair 

Jacob  Flyer  Wm.  Tuttle 

Jere'h  Bui  lard  Jona.  Holmes 

Jno.  Holmes  Edmund  D.  Thomas 

Abr.  Stout  John  Peck 

Wm.  Piatt  Wm.  Kersey" 


212     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

Many  reasons  may  be  given  as  to  why  our  friends  did  not 
have  a  public  celebration  this  year  on  the  anniversary  ot 
their  patron's  day,  but  the  real  reason  seems  to  us  to  have 
been  a  reluctance  on  their  part  to  compete  with  the  elegant 
affairs  given  by  the  French  officials  or  the  entertainments 
ordered  by  Congress.  They  also  may  have  felt  that  their 
celebration,  being  of  a  purely  American  character,  would 
hardly  seem  gracious  at  a  time  when  their  country  was 
being  assisted  in  its  battles  by  a  people  that  did  not  speak 
their  language,  some  of  whom  even  had  just  then  for  the 
first  time  set  foot  upon  this  continent.  If  the  surrender  of 
Cornwallis  had  taken  place  in  April  of  this  year  instead  of 
in  October,  we  think  that  our  followers  of  the  brave  old 
Indian  would  have  revived  the  well-known  custom  of  their 
aboriginal  fathers,  of  having  a  feast  after  they  had  van- 
quished an  enemy. 

The  general  condition  of  the  country  in  the  year  1782  is 
so  well  stated  in  a  newspaper,  dated  May  8,  that  we  give  it 
at  length : T 

"A  correspondent  observes  that  though  the  advices  from  New  York 
most  clearly  indicate  a  very  great  change  in  the  sentiments  and  councils 
of  our  enemy,  gentlemen  of  the  best  information  see  with  some  concern 
that  the  reports  and  expectations  are  greatly  exaggerated.  Independence 
is  not  acknowledged,  as  many  have  hastily  supposed,  nor  is  there  any 
declared  intention  of  withdrawing  the  troops  from  this  country,  which 
were  the  explicit  terms  held  out  by  Congress  as  previous  requisites  to  a 
negotiation  at  a  time  when  consistent  with  our  engagements  to  our  great 
ally,  we  could  have  entered  into  a  treaty  ;  but  the  ground  is  now  changed 
in  that  respect ;  eventual  engagements  are  become  permanent ;  and  giving 
the  utmost  stretch  to  our  hopes  of  relief  we  cannot  suppose  Great 
Britain  seriously  means  to  treat  with  us  in  America,  but  on  terms  utterly 
inconsistent  with  our  interest  and  honour.  Prudence  and  policy  both 
dictate  to  us  not  to  relax  in  any  preparation,  but  while  we  wish  for 
peace  to  be  provided  for  war.  In  fact  there  are  too  many  concurrent 
circumstances  to  leave  us  in  doubt  that  the  British  Ministry  are  endeav- 
ouring to  sow  discord  among  us,  to  weaken  the  happy  confidence  sub- 
sisting between  us  and  our  ally  and  that  aim  by  the  arts  of  corruption 
to  effect  what  arms  have  failed  to  accomplish.  Suspicion  under  these 

1  Freeman's  Journal,  May  8,  1782. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     213 

circumstances  is  wisdom  and  especially  if  we  reflect  that  if  Great 
Britain  really  means  fairly  the  path  of  negotiation  in  Europe  is  too 
plain  to  be  missed,  but  by  design.  Whenever  she  is  disposed  to  ac- 
knowledge our  independence  we  have  Ministers  there  to  treat  in  concert 
with  those  of  our  ally  and  that  acknowledgement  being  made  the  great 
object  of  the  war  between  her  and  France  is  at  an  end.  But  the  truth 
is  that  she  still  natters  herself  with  the  delusive  hope  of  retaining  our 
dependence  in  some  degree  and  at  all  events  to  detatch  us  from  the 
alliance.  By  comparing  all  accounts  there  is  reason  to  expect  a  third 
set  of  olive  branches  commissioners  from  Britain  gifted  with  a  double 
portion  of  lying  deceitful  and  equivocal  spirit  that  actuated  Governor 
Johnstone  and  the  evil  beasts  that  accompanied  him  to  America." 


The  situation  might  be  summed  up  by  saying  that  the 
community  folded  its  hands  and  waited  for  peace.  Where 
we  should  expect  to  meet  an  account  of  our  Society  in  May, 
we  find  in  its  place  a  long  description  of  the  celebration l 
held  in  honor  of  the  birth  of  the  Dauphin  of  France,  which 
was  announced  formally  to  Congress  by  the  French  Minis- 
ter, after  which  a  dinner  was  given  at  the  City  Tavern 2  at 
5  P.M.  by  Congress,  with  the  usual  thirteen  toasts,  and  fol- 
lowed in  the  evening  by  fireworks  on  the  State-House  Green. 
The  celebration  of  the  Fourth  of  July  this  year  was  as 
follows:3 


"The  Anniversary  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  was  cele- 
brated here  in  the  true  Kepublican  style,  as  if  every  vestage  of  Mo- 
narchical Trappings  was  done  away.  .  .  .  An  elegant  cold  collation  was 
provided  at  the  house  of  the  President  of  Congress,  where  a  number  of 
gentlemen  without  formality  partook  of  the  fare  ;  and  were  plentifully 
regaled  with  the  best  of  liquors  about  1  o'clock  P.M.  The  Federal 
salute  was  fired  by  a  detachment  of  Artillery  on  the  State  House  Green, 
several  companies  of  gentlemen  assembled  in  different  parts  of  the  city 
and  spent  the  day  and  evening  with  that  heart-felt  joy  which  impreg- 
nated every  principled  breast  on  the  glorious  occasion." 

1  Independent  Gazetteer,  May  18,  1782 ;  Freeman's  Journal,  May 
15,  1782. 

*  Situated  on  west  side  of  Second  Street,  north  of  Walnut,  at  south- 
west corner  of  present  Gold  Street. 

1  Independent,  July  6,  1782. 


'    9 

214     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

That  our  patriotic  Sons  were  still  an  active  force  in  the 
community  is  shown  by  the  following  poem  which  appeared 
in  one  of  the  newspapers  of  this  year.  They  also  may  have 
been  one  of  the  "  several  companies  of  gentlemen"  men- 
tioned above. 

"  The  Prophecy  of  King  Tammany.1 

"The  Indian  Chief  who,  fam'd  of  yore 
Saw  Europe's  sons  ad  vent' ring  here 

Look'd  sorrowing  to  the  crowded  shore, 

And  sighing  dropt  a  tear : 
He  saw  them  half  his  world  explore, 
He  saw  them  draw  the  shining  blade, 
He  saw  their  hostile  ranks  display' d, 
And  cannons  blazing  thro'  that  shade, 
Where  only  peace  was  known  before. 

' '  Ah  what  unequal  arms  !  he  cry'd, 
How  are  thou  fall'n  my  country's  pride, 

The  rural  sylvan  reign  ! 
Far  from  our  pleasing  shores  to  go 
To  Western  Rivers,  winding  slow, 
Is  this  the  boon  the  Gods  bestow  ? 
What  have  we  done,  great  patrons,  say, 
That  strangers  seize  our  woods  away, 
And  drive  us  naked  from  our  native  plain  ? 

' '  Rage  and  revenge  inspire  my  soul, 
And  passion  burns  without  control ; 
Hence  strangers,  to  your  native  shore, 
Far  from  our  Indian  shades  retire. 
Remove  these  Gods  that  vomit  fire, 
And  stain  with  blood  these  ravag'd  glades  no  more. 

' '  In  vain  I  weep,  in  vain  I  sigh, 
These  strangers  all  our  arms  defy, 
As  they  advance  our  chieftains  die  I — 

What  can  their  hosts  oppose  ? 
The  bow  has  lost  its  wonted  spring, 
The  arrow  faulters  on  the  wing, 
Nor  carries  ruin  from  the  string 
To  end  their  being  and  our  woes. 

1  Freeman's  Journal,  December  11,  1782. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     215 

* '  Yes  yes — I  see  our  nation  bends  ; 
The  Gods  no  longer  are  our  friends, 
But  why  these  weak  complaints  and  sighs  ? 
Are  there  not  gardens  in  the  West, 
Where  all  our  far  fam'd  Sachems  rest  ? 
I'll  go  an  unexpected  guest ; 
And  the  dark  horrors  of  the  way  despise. 

"  Ev'n  now  the  thundering  peals  draw  nigh, 
'Tis  theirs  to  triumph,  ours  to  die  ! 
But  mark  me,  Christians,  ere  I  go — 
Thou  too  shalt  have  thy  share  of  woe, 
The  time  rolls  on,  not  moving  slow, 
When  hostile  squadrons  for  your  blood  shall  come, 
And  ravage  all  your  shore  ! 
Your  warriors  and  your  children  slay, 
And  some  in  dismal  dungeons  lay, 
Or  lead  them  captive  far  away, 
To  climes  unknown,  thro'  seas  untry'd  before. 

"When  struggling  long,  at  last  with  pain, 
You  brake  a  cruel  tyrant's  chain, 
That  never  shall  be  joined  again, 
When  half  your  foes  are  homeward  fled, 
And  hosts  on  hosts  in  triumph  fled, 
And  hundreds  maim'd  and  thousands  dead, 
A  timid  race  shall  then  succeed, 
Shall  slight  the  virtues  of  the  firmer  race, 
That  brought  your  tyrants  to  disgrace, 
Shall  give  your  honours  to  an  odious  train, 
Who  shunn'd  all  conflicts  on  the  main, 
And  dar'd  no  battles  on  the  plain, 
Whose  little  souls  sunk  in  the  gloomy  day, 
When  Virtues  only  could  support  the  fray, 
And  sunshine  friends  keep  off,  or  ran  away. 

"So  spoke  the  chief,  and  rais'd  his  funeral  pyre — 
Around  him  soon  the  crackling  flames  ascend  ; 
He  smil'd  amid  the  fervours  of  the  fire, 
To  think  his  troubles  were  so  near  their  end, 
Till  the  freed  soul,  her  debt  to  nature  paid, 
Rose  from  the  ashes  that  her  prison  made, 
And  sought  the  world  unknown,  and  dark  oblivion's  shade. " 


216     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

• 

The  above  poem  was  directed  at  Congress,  whose  tem- 
porizing methods  were  greatly  censured  by  all  stanch 
Whigs,  such  as  were  members  of  the  Saint  Tammany 
Society. 

The  long-looked-for  heralds  of  peace  arrived  in  this 
country  March  12,  1783,  in  the  shape  of  a  preliminary 
treaty,  and  on  April  19  of  this  year  there  was  a  cessation 
of  hostilities,  just  eight  years  after  the  battle  of  Lexington.1 
In  consequence  of  such  a  joyful  state  of  affairs,  our  loyal 
Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  took  occasion  on  May  1  to  cele- 
brate the  event  in  a  befitting  style,  as  follows :  "...  On 
Thursday  May  first  many  respected  inhabitants  of  Phila- 
delphia elated  with  the  glorious  proposals  of  peace  and 
public  happiness  and  desirous  of  reviving  the  former  good 
old  custom  of  the  country  in  commemorating  Tammany's 
Day  assembled  on  the  Banks  of  the  Schuylkill  dressed  and 
distinguished  in  buck  tails  and  feathers  very  expressive  of 
the  occasion." 2  Thus  starts  one  account,  but  a  fuller  one 
runs  this  way : 3 

"  On  Thursday  last  being  the  anniversary  of  the  tutelar  St.  of  Penn- 
sylvania, the  state  flag  was  hoisted  at  Mr.  Pole's  seat  on  the  Banks  of 
Schuylkill;  the  flag  of  France  was  displayed  on  the  right,  and  that 
of  the  States  of  Holland  on  the  left  ;  The  flag  staff  of  each  was  decorated 
with  garlands  suitable  to  the  day.  The  constitutional  Sons  of  Saint 
Tammany  being  collected  to  the  number  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  and 
upwards,  the  day  was  celebrated  according  to  the  good  old  custom  of 
our  worthy  forefathers.  At  noon  thirteen  Sachems  or  Chiefs  were 
appointed  and  invested  with  supreme  authority  for  the  day.  These 
having  retired  awhile  to  council  returned  and  proclaimed  that  they  had 
chosen  a  chief  and  a  Secretary — that  they  had  unanimously  and  firmly 
'  resolved  to  exercise  to  the  utmost  the  authority  committed  to  them  to 
compel  every  man  to  do  perfectly  as  he  pleases  during  the  day.  Pro- 
vided always  nevertheless  that  he  shall  leave  every  other  man  to  do  so 
too ;  by  which  means  it  is  confidently  expected  that  peace  and  good 
order  will  be  preserved ;  but  if  any  man  shall  presume  to  do  otherwise 

1  Hildreth's  ''History  of  the  United  States,"  vol.  iii.  p.  433. 

2  Independent  Gazetteer,  May  3,  1783. 
5  Freeman's  Journal,  May  7,  1783. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     217 

he  shall  be  heartily  laughed  at  for  his  folly.'  The  Company  gave  three 
cheers  the  cannon  fired  and  the  band  of  music  struck  up  St.  Tammany's 
Day.  The  Secretary  then  produced  the  hatchet,  reminded  the  warriors, 
hunters  and  young  men  that  it  had  been  war  and  was  now  peace  ;  that 
like  men  we  had  struck  that  hatchet  into  the  head  of  our  enemy  and  he 
had  submitted.  He  asked  if  they  would  bury  it?  The  affirmative  being 
agreed  upon,  it  was  interred  in  due  form,  each  man  casting  a  stone  upon 
it.  The  cannon  fired  and  the  band  played  Yankee  Doodle.  The  Sec- 
retary then  reminded  them  of  the  good  old  custom  used  by  our  ancestors 
on  like  occasions  of  smoking  the  Calumet  or  pipe  of  peace,  whereupon  it 
was  resolved  it  should  then  be  done.  A  new  calumet  was  produced, 
the  bowl  of  which  was  a  huge  ram's  horn  gilded  with  thirteen  stars  ; 
the  stem  had  a  reed  six  feet  in  length  elegantly  decorated  with  thirteen 
beautiful  peacock  feathers.  This  calumet  was  accepted  with  a  general 
shout  of  joy  and  being  filled  and  lighted  was  smoked  not  only  by  our 
chief  and  his  Sachems,  but  also  by  all  present.  The  cannon  fired  again 
and  the  band  played  Great  Washington.  In  the  mean  time  the  treat  ot 
the  day  being  prepared  in  a  proper  cabin  set  up  for  the  purpose  at  the 
head  of  which  was  the  portraiture  of  our  brave  old  saint  with  this  well 
known  motto  Kawanio  Chee  Keeteru,  above  was  an  elegant  design  of 
the  siege  of  Yorktown  in  front  of  which  were  his  excellency  General 
Washington  and  the  count  de  Kochambeau.  The  company  having  par- 
taken of  the  feast  in  a  style  of  freedom  and  cheerful  simplicity  that 
would  have  given  a  high  relish  to  the  homeliest  fare,  every  countenance 
was  enlivened  with  a  glow  of  generous  joy  and  every  heart  opened. 
The  following  thirteen  toasts  were  drank. 

"1.  St.  Tammany  and  the  Constitution  of  Pennsylvania  Kawanio 
Chee  Keeteru. 

"2.  The  United  States.  May  the  thirteen  stars  shine  with  underived 
lustre,  and  the  thirteen  stripes  be  a  terror  to  tyrants  forever. 

"3.  Louis  the  XVI,  the  defender  of  the  rights  of  mankind,  and  the 
French  Nation.  May  the  lily  and  the  laurel  flourish  together  as  long 
as  the  stars  shine. 

"4.  The  States  of  Holland. 

"5.  General  Washington  and  the  army.  May  justice  gratitude  and 
respect  amply  repay  their  services  and  sufferings. 

"6.  The  officers,  soldiers  and  seamen  of  the  army  and  navy  oi 
France,  who  have  fought  in  the  cause  of  America.  May  their  blood 
which  has  been  spilt  and  intermingled  with  ours  be  a  lasting  cement  of 
mutual  interest. 

"  7.  May  the  enemies  of  America  never  be  restored  to  her  confidence. 

"  8.  The  immortal  memory  of  those  worthies  who  have  fallen  by  the 
savage  hand  of  Britain  ;  whether  in  the  field,  in  jails,  on  the  ocean,  or 
on  board  their  infectious  and  loathsome  prison  ships.  Can  the  tears  of 


218     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

repenting  Britons  wash  from  their  flag  the  stain  of  such  precious 
blood? 

1 '  9.  Freedom  to  those,  in  every  part  of  the  world,  who  dare  contend 
for  it. 

"10.  The  friends  of  liberty  in  Ireland.  May  the  harp  be  tuned  to 
independence  and  be  touched  by  skillful  hands. 

"11.  The  yeomanry  of  the  land.  May  those  who  have  been  Whigs 
in  the  worst  of  times  duly  respect  themselves. 

"12.  Free  commerce  with  the  world. 

"13.  'Virtue  liberty  and  independence.'  May  America  be  an 
Asylum  to  the  oppressed  of  all  countries  throughout  all  ages. 

' '  At  the  giving  of  each  toast  the  cannon  fired,  and  the  whole  com- 
pany gave  three  cheers,  but  when  General  Washington  and  the  army 
were  named  they  swelled  spontaneously  to  thirteen,  and  upon  naming 
1  the  friends  of  liberty  in  Ireland'  and  the  '  tuning  of  the  harp  to  inde- 
pendence' the  Sons  of  St.  Tammany  anticipating  the  day  in  which  the 
brave  Sons  of  St.  Patrick  shall  be  free  and  happy  as  ourselves  burst 
into  thirteen  shouts  of  joy,  and  the  band  struck  up  '  St.  Patrick's  Day 
in  the  morning.' 

"  When  the  toasts  were  ended  our  chief  sung  the  first  stanza  of  the 
original  song  in  praise  of  St.  Tammany,  and  the  remainder  was  sung 
with  great  spirit  by  Mr.  Leacock. 

"  Song  for  St.    Tammany' '$  Day. 

"  The  Old  Song. 

( '  Of  Andrew,  of  Patrick,  of  David,  &  George, 
What  mighty  achievements  we  hear  ! 
While  no  one  relates  great  Tammany's  feats, 
Although  more  heroic  by  far,  my  brave  boys, 
Although  more  heroic  by  far. 

"  These  heroes  fought  only  as  fancy  inspired, 
As  by  their  own  stories  we  find  ; 
Whilst  Tammany,  he  fought  only  to  free, 
From  cruel  oppression  mankind,  my  brave  boys, 
From  cruel  oppression  mankind. 

"When  our  country  was  young  and  our  numbers  were  few, 
To  our  fathers  his  friendship  was  shown, 
(For  he  e'er  would  oppose  whom  he  took  for  his  foes), 
And  made  our  misfortunes  his  own,  my  brave  boys, 
And  he  made  our  misfortunes  his  own. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     219 

"  At  length  growing  old  and  quite  worn  out  with  years, 
As  history  doth  truly  proclaim, 
His  wigwam  was  fired,  he  nobly  expired, 
And  flew  to  the  skies  in  a  flame,  my  brave  boys, 
And  flew  to  the  skies  in  a  flame. 

''Other  songs  in  honour  of  our  Saint  were  likewise  sung.  The  war- 
riors were  so  highly  pleased  with  the  gaiety  and  spirit  of  our  chief  that 
they  bore  him  on  their  shoulders  from  the  green  into  his  cabin  amidst 
the  shouts  of  all  present.  After  sunset  the  colours  were  struck  by  a 
signal  from  the  cannon  ;  our  chief  his  sachems  and  warriors  marched 
into  the  city  in  proper  file;  the  band  playing  'St.  Tammany's  Day' 
before  them.  They  saluted  the  Minister  of  France,  and  proceeded  to 
the  Coffee  House,  where  giving  three  cheers  every  man  returned  in 
peace  to  his  own  house." 

It  is  well  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  above  account 
says  that  the  chief  and  his  sachems  were  dressed  in  "  buck 
skins  and  feathers,"  for,  as  we  have  seen  by  Eddis's  letters 
from  Annapolis  in  1771,  it  was  then  the  custom  in  Maryland 
on  May  Day  to  celebrate  Tammany's  memory ;  therefore,  in 
Pennsylvania  it  must  have  been  followed  long  before  the 
celebration  took  root  in  what  was  then  far-off  Maryland. 
Our  Sons  were  merely  returning  to  the  early  customs  of  the 
followers  of  the  brave  old  saint,  which  evidently  had  been 
omitted  when  the  Society  was  first  formed,  as  no  mention  is 
made  of  them  by  any  of  their  chroniclers  from  1772  up  to 
this  occasion.  The  site  of  this  jollification  was  at  what  was 
known  in  those  days  as  Mr.  Pole's  seat  on  the  Schuylkill, 
though  the  property  was  owned  by  Mr.  D.  Beveridge,  and 
was  so  designated  in  the  accounts  of  this  Society's  proceed- 
ings three  years  later.  It  was  situated  on  the  west  bank 
of  the  river,  between  what  was  then  known  as  the  Upper 
Ferry  bridge,  now  called  Callowhill  Street  bridge,  and  the 
lower  end  of  the  Fairmount  locks.  The  extent  of  the 
property  was  twenty-nine  acres,  and  it  was  shaped  like  a 
triangle,  with  the  river  for  a  base.  Beveridge's  house  is 
one  of  the  houses  that  are  marked  on  Yarley's  Map.  The 
reason  for  its  being  called  Pole's  was  that  Edward  Pole  had 
on  the  river  banks  of  this  property  a  place  where  sportsmen 


220     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

could  obtain  all  the  facilities  for  indulging  in  their  pastimes, 
such  as  boats,  fishing-tackle,  etc.  Pole's  advertisement  was 
one  of  the  most  prominent  in  the  papers  of  the  day,  and  at 
his  place  of  business  in  the  city  he  sold  all  kinds  of  fishing- 
tackle,  guns,  etc.  Pole  was,  of  course,  a  member  of  the 
organization,  and  most  likely  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
feast.  "We  have  seen  that  Pole  was  the  Secretary  of  the 
Constitutional  Society,  and  probably  was  chosen  on  this 
occasion  to  fill  the  same  office  for  the  Sons.  From  the 
very  detailed  account  which  appears  in  the  Freeman's  Jour- 
nal, we  are  satisfied  that  its  owner,  Mr.  Francis  Bailey,  was 
one  of  this  goodly  company,  for  he  certainly  subscribed  to 
their  ideas  in  every  way.  We  fortunately  are  able  to  give 
the  reader  a  short  account  of  the  singer  of  the  "  original 
song."  He  was  a  Mr.  John  Leacock,  and  a  member  of  the 
Schuylkill  Fishing  Company,  having  held  the  office  of  coro- 
ner in  that  organization.  He  was  born  in  1729,  married 
October  7,  1771,  to  Miss  Martha  Ogilby,  died  November 
16,  1802,  and  was  buried  in  Christ  Church-yard.  He  was 
one  of  the  signers  of  the  Non-Importation  resolution  of 
1765,  and  in  1777  he  owned  a  vineyard  in  Lower  Merion, 
Philadelphia  County,  and  set  up  a  lottery  for  the  encourage- 
ment of  the  vine.  He  also  held  the  office  of  coroner  of  the 
city  of  Philadelphia  from  1785  up  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
and  was  the  owner  of  a  house  of  entertainment  on  Water 
Street,  between  Arch  and  Race.1  He  was  unquestionably  a 
man  of  prominence,  and,  from  his  having  been  selected  to 
render  the  song  of  the  day,  he  must  have  had  some  reputa- 
tion as  a  vocalist.  Our  "  Buck  Skins"  certainly  were  great 
believers  in  democracy  of  a  very  broad  character,  as  shown 
by  the  announcement  for  their  guidance  for  the  day. 

Their  adherence  to  State  rights  is  evident,  for  the  State 
flag  was  given  the  post  of  honor,  flanked  on  either  side  by 
the  flags  of  France  and  Holland,  and  nothing  is  said  of  any 
United  States  flag  being  erected  upon  the  ground.  Their 

1  History  Schuylkill  Fishing  Company,  p.  366 ;  Philadelphia  Direc- 
tory, 1790. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     221 

first  toast  further  shows  their  predilections,  for  it  was  to 
Tammany  (a  Pennsylvanian)  and  the  Constitution  of  Penn- 
sylvania, while  the  second  place  on  their  list  was  held  by 
the  United  States.  However,  they,  like  the  rest  of  the  peo- 
ple, had  caught  "the  epidemic  phrenzy"  of  the  supreme 
sovereignty  of  the  separate  States,1  which  was  cured  in 
great  measure  by  that  able  address  of  General  Washington 
to  the  Governors  of  the  several  States  after  his  surrender  ot 
his  commission  as  commander-in-chief.  While  closing  this 
year's  account  of  our  Society,  it  is  worth  while  to  note  that 
ten  days  later  than  the  above  meeting,  on  the  banks  of 
the  Hudson,  was  organized  another  society, — "  The  Order 
of  the  Cincinnati," — to  which  our  Sons  were  later  on  in 
their  existence  much  opposed.  . 

The  next  record  of  our  Society  is  found  in  two  news- 
papers of  1784,  in  precisely  the  same  words,  as  follows: 2 

"On  Saturday  the  first  of  May,  the  Sons  of  St.  Tammany  met  at  Mr. 
Poole's  seat  on  Schuylkill  in  order  to  celebrate  the  day.  The  State  flag 
was  hoisted  in  the  centre  and  those  of  France  and  the  United  Nether- 
lands on  the  right  and  left,  decorated  with  garlands  suitable  to  the 
occasion.  Upon  the  discharge  of  three  cannon,  the  colours  were  dis- 
played and  the  festival  began.  The  chief  and  sachems  were  elected — 
council  fire  kindled — the  law  of  liberty  proclaimed — the  calumet  was 
smoked,  and  the  dance  to  the  calabash  performed.  When  the  feast  was 
prepared,  and  the  Sons  of  St.  Tammany  seated,  intelligence  was  received 
that  General  Washington  had  just  arrived  in  the  city.  One  of  the 
company  with  a  voice  of  exultation  cried  out  '  General  Washington  is 
arrived  huzza,'  no  sooner  was  the  voice  heard  than  the  air  was  rent  by 
a  general  cry  of  '  General  Washington  is  arrived  huzza.'  The  sentence 
was  drank  as  a  toast,  and  '  encore  !  encore  !'  being  heard  on  every  side  a 
second  bumper  was  filled,  and  the  wigwam  again  shook  with  '  General 
Washington  is  arrived  huzza.'  The  ceremony  of  the  feast  being  ended 
and  the  company  seated  on  the  grass,  the  following  thirteen  toasts  were 
drank,  under  the  discharge  of  the  artillery,  and  with  music  adapted  to 
each,  viz.  : 

"  1.  St.  Tammany,  and  the  day,  music  St.  Tammany. 

"2.  The  United  States — May  the  benign  influence  of  the  thirteen 
stars  be  shed  in  every  quarter  of  the  world — Music  Yankee  Doodle. 

1  Hamilton,  vol.  i.  p.  403. 

2  Pennsylvania  Packet,  May  6,  and  Freeman's  Journal,  May  5,  1784. 


222     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

^ 

< '  3.  Louis  XVI  the  defender  of  the  rights  of  mankind.  May  his 
people  be  as  happy  as  he  is  great  and  good.  Broglio's  March. 

"4.  The  United  Netherlands.     Washington's  March. 

"  5.  George  Washington — Clinton's  retreat. 

"6.  The  citizen  soldiers  of  America,  and  the  Army  and  Navy  of 
France — Capture  of  Cornwallis. 

"7.  The  Militia  of  Pennsylvania — Levan's  Cotillion. 

"8.  Our  friends  who  have  fallen  in  the  war,  may  they  live  forever  in 
the  hearts  of  a  free  and  grateful  people.  Rosalind's  Castle. 

"  9.  The  best  Whigs  in  the  worst  of  times.     Sweet  Hope. 

"  10.  Encreasing  lustre  to  the  stars  of  America,  and  unfading  bloom 
to  the  lilies  of  France.  Stoney  Point  and  Broglio's  March. 

"11.  May  the  people  of  Ireland  enjoy  the  freedom  of  Americans. 
St.  Patrick's  day  in  the  morning. 

"12.  Free  trade  in  American  bottoms  and  peace  with  all  the  world. 
Washington's  resignation. 

"13.  The  land  we  live  in,  and  our  free  constitution.  'Kawanio 
Ghee  Keeteru'  (i.e.  :  These  God  has  given  us,  and  we  will  defend  them). 
Music  Liberty  Hall. 

"St.  Tammany's  song  being  sung,  a  gentleman  in  a  complete  powwow 
dress  appeared  and  performed  a  maneta  dance.  The  dress  was  at  once 
ludicrous  and  terrible,  but  the  character  was  well  supported  and  the 
dance  performed  with  great  spirit.  The  company  having  learned  that 
General  Washington  dined  with  the  financier  general,1  they  marched 
with  the  music  before  them  to  his  door,  where  they  halted,  and  gave  his 
excellency  thirteen  cheers,  and  at  the  same  time  thirteen  cannon  were 
fired  on  the  banks  of  the  Schuylkill,  then  passing  on  to  the  houses  of 
the  Ministers  of  France 2  and  the  United  Netherlands,3  they  gave  each  of 
them  seven  cheers,  and  retired  each  man  to  his  own  home.  Having 
spent  the  day  in  the  most  perfect  harmony,  every  man  determined  to  do 
his  best  to  perpetuate  the  name  of  St.  Tammany,  who  had  so  kindly 
and  cordially  welcomed  our  ancestors  to  this  fruitful  country." 

In  this  era  of  scepticism  and  carping  criticism  of  the 
patriots  who  made  this  great  nation  it  is  pleasant  to  find 
from  the  foregoing  account  such  a  spontaneous  outburst  of 
enthusiasm  over  the  greatest  patriot  of  them  all,  our  vener- 

1  Eobert  Morris's  house,  on  Market  Street,  between  Fifth  and  Sixth, 
next  to  corner  of  Fifth,  on  south  side. — Philadelphia  Directory,  1785. 

2  M.   de  Marbois,  Penn  (Water)   Street,   between   Pine   and  South 
Streets. — Ibid. 

3  Francis  Van  Berckel,  276  High  Street  (Market).— Ibid. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     223 

ated  Washington.  We  notice  from  the  order  of  the  toasts 
upon  this  occasion  that  the  State  is  not  as  prominent  as  it 
had  been  the  previous  year,  and  that  the  United  States  seem 
to  be  more  in  evidence.  This  change  in  sentiment  was  one 
that  Washington  strove  for  with  all  his  personal  influence, 
for  he  saw  that  peace  had  not  been  formally  declared  before 
British  interests  were  at  work  trying  by  inciting  jealousy 
between  the  different  States  to  bring  about  the  disintegra- 
tion of  the  confederacy.1  In  June  of  this  year  we  find  our 
"Friends  of  the  Constitution"  once  more  calling  their 
members  together  "  to  prevent,"  as  they  say,  "  a  change  in 
the  fundamentals  of  our  excellent  government," 2  There  is 
also  a  notice  later  in  the  year  that  "  the  St.  Tammany  Fire 
Company  meet  at  the  house  of  Captain  John  Barker  on 
Friday  1st  October  next  at  7  o'clock  in  the  evening." 
Whether  this  company  was  composed  only  of  members  of 
the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  or  not  we  cannot  say,  for  the 
above  is  the  only  notice  we  find  of  their  existence.3 

The  Philadelphia  City  Directory  of  1785  gives  Captain 
John  Barker  as  "  inn-keeper  and  taylor,"  at  the  sign  of  St. 
Tammany,  on  Arch  Street,  between  Second  and  Third 
Streets. 

1  Sparks,  vol.  ix.  pp.  12,  13. 

8  Freeman's  Journal,  June  16,  1784. 

8  Ibid.,  September  29. 

j(To  be  continued.) 


224    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 


LIFE  OF  MAEGAEET  SHIPPEN,  WIFE  OF  BENEDICT 

AENOLD. 

BY   LEWIS   BUBD   WALKER. 

(Continued  from  page  80.) 

PHILADA.  20th  Jany.  1796. 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY, 

xJ  am  much  pleased  to  hear  by  your  Letters  to  your  Sisters 
that  you  are  in  tolerable  health.  I  shall  be  better  pleased  to 
hear  of  your  perfect  Eecovery  which  from  the  soundness  of 
your  Constitution  &  the  good  advice  you  are  surrounded  with, 
we  are  sanguine  enough  to  expect.  I  must  at  the  same  time 
suggest  that  in  most  chronical  Cases  Experience  proves  an 
Attention  to  diet  and  a  strict  regimen  is  generally  more  available 
than  any  other  thing  the  faculty  can  prescribe :  indeed  in  those 
cases  it  is  little  more  than  a  Compliance  with  form  to  consult 
Physicians  at  all.  I  have  myself  long  done  with  them,  being 
convinced  from  a  steady  attention  to  my  own  case  that  they  are 
able  to  do  very  little,  if  anything  more  for  me  than  I  can  do  for 
myself.  The  headache  which  has  afflicted  me  for  four  years  & 
upwards  I  know  proceeds  from  the  Stomach,  I  therefore  direct 
all  my  attention  to  that  Organ.  If  I  transgress  ever  so  little 
either  in  quality  or  quantity  of  food  I  am  certain  of  being  tor- 
mented Avith  3  or  4  hours  headache  ;  if  on  the  contrary  I  intirely 
refrain  from  animal  food  or  take  only  a  very  small  quantity  of 
the  lightest  kind  £  subsist  chiefly  on  milk  &  Vegetables  I  am 
as  certain  of  escaping  every  symptom  of  the  Complaint.  This 
you  will  say,  is  having  a  disorder  more  in  my  own  power  than 
most  people  have ;  this  is  true,  but  in  a  certain  degree  it  is  the 
same  with  every  chronick  Case. 

I  am  descending  fast  into  the  Yale  of  years,  and  altho  I  seem 
now  to  have  some  command  over  my  disorder,  yet  I  cannot 
reasonably  expect  it  will  long  continue.  You  are  in  the  prime 
of  life,  and  if  you  should  find  abstinence  as  much  a  Eemedy  as 
I  have  done,  the  good  Effects  may  possibly  continue  with  you 
for  a  long  Course  of  Years— which  Heaven  Grant ! 

I  find  you  have  passed  some  time  in  the  Country  during  the 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.    225 

last  Summer,  which  I  concluded  must  have  been  the  Case  from 
our  not  hearing  from  you  for  Six  or  Eight  Months. 

You  have  mentioned  to  Sally  that  Swan  wick's  Bill  is  paid,  but 
I  have  not  yet  heard  of  the  fate  of  Mr.  Wilcock's  Bill,  which 
however  I  presume  must  have  been  honoured,  or  you  would  have 
returned  it  with  a  protest. 

I  now  inclose  you  a  Bill  for  £100  Sterling  drawn  by  Peter 
Blight  which  I  purchased  at  the  rate  of  60  per  cent  advance, 
Exchange  being  now  lower  than  usual ;  I  could  I  believe,  have 
got  one  for  58  but  not  from  so  substantial  a  Drawer. 

I  have  lately  at  the  request  of  your  Sisters,  got  my  Picture 
taken  by  one  Mr.  Stewart,  who  is  said  to  have  been  eminent  in 
London ; — it  is  thought  to  be  a  strong  likeness ;  I  have  therefore 
employed  a  Mr.  Trot  a  young  man  of  talents  in  that  way  to  take 
a  Copy  of  it  in  miniature.  When  finished  I  shall  embrace  the 
first  good  Opportunity  of  transmitting  it  to  you,  as  I  flatter 
myself  it  will  be  an  acceptable  present. 

My  best  Love  to  all  your  family.     I  am  my  dear  Child 

Your  affectionate  father. 


PHILADA.  19th  April  1796. 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY, 

I  had  the  pleasure  of  receiving  yours  of  the  12th  of  January 
and  was  made  truly  happy  by  hearing  of  the  Eecovery  of  your 
health,  as  well  as  of  the  good  prospects  of  your  two  sons.  I 
sincerely  pray  that  every  Blessing  may  attend  you  &  yours.  1 
observe  Swanwick's  Bill  is  paid,  and  hope  the  same  as  to  Peter 
Blight's  Bill  for  £100  Sterling  which  I  transmitted  to  you  in 
January  last. 

I  mentioned  to  you  in  my  last  that  I  meant  to  send  you  a 
small  portrait  taken  from  an  excellent  picture  drawn  for  me  by 
Mr.  Stewart.  I  accordingly  embrace  the  Opportunity  of  Mr. 
Alexander  Foster's  going  to  London,  to  forward  it  to  you ;  he 
has  been  kind  enough  to  promise  to  deliver  it  himself.  I  am  not 
certain  whether  this  Gentleman  is  known  to  you  or  not.  You 
may  probably  have  heard  that  he  formerly  paid  his  Addresses  to 
your  Sister  Sally.  And  altho  he  was  not  a  favored  Lover  &  she 
preferred  another  Gentleman,  he  still  I  am  told  continues  his 
Admiration  of  her,  but  without  any  prospect  of  Success ;  he  has 
made  a  handsome  fortune  by  trade  &  if  he  could  divest  himself 
VOL.  XXVI. — 15 


226    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

of  this   Attachment  might   still  be   happy   in   a   matrimonial 
Connection. 

Our  Congress  is  now  deliberating  upon  the  Treaty  with  Great 
Britain,  and  altho  some  warmth  has  appeared  &  there  is  a 
majority  who  dislike  the  treaty ;  Yet  I  have  no  doubt  they  will 
finally  make  the  Appropriations  necessary  to  carry  it  into  Execu- 
tion. All  the  Commercial  Cities  are  daily  petitioning  them  to 
that  Effect. 

My  real  Love  and  best  wishes  attend  you,  My  dear  Child. 

I  am  &c. 


PHILADELPHIA  26th  July  1796. 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY, 

Your  favor  of  the  2nd  May  now  before  me  affords  me  real 
pleasure,  as  it  promises  an  effectual  remedy  for  your  Disorder. 
If  there  is  any  one  Specific  for  Chronical  Complaints,  it  is  cer- 
tainly Abstinence. 

I  have  received  the  Amount  of  Peter  Blight's  protested  Bill 
together  with  the  20  per  cent  Damages  &  costs  of  protest,  and 
immediately  laid  out  the  money  in  another  Bill  drawn  by  John 
Swanwick  in  my  favor  for  £120.7.0  Sterling.  I  have  likewise 
purchased  another  Bill  of  John  Swanwick  for  £100.  Sterling  out 
of  money  arising  from  the  Interest  of  your  Securities  &  dividends 
of  Bank  Shares  in  my  hands.  Exchange  at  162?  p.  C.  advance: 
both  these  Bills  I  have  indorsed  to  Messrs  Dorset  &  Co  for  your 
Use  &  herein  inclose. 

I  hope  before  this  you  have  received  the  Picture  I  promised 
you,  it  was  committed  to  the  care  of  Mr.  Alex.  Foster  a  merchant 

who  went  passenger   in  the  Ship and   sailed  from  hence 

about  the  1st  of  May  &  promised  to  deliver  it  himself.  I  am 
made  happy  in  believing  it  will  be  to  you  an  acceptable  present. 
You  may  be  assured  my  dear  Child,  I  can  never  be  unmindful 
of  you.  I  know  the  tenderness  of  your  nature,  and  that  your 
affectionate  Endeavors,  would  not  be  wanting  to  contribute  to 
the  comfort  of  my  latter  days,  if  our  evil  Stars  had  not  sepa- 
rated us. 

There  is  one  disagreeable  business,  which  I  am  always  averse 
to  make  the  Subject  of  our  Correspondence.  I  mean  the  busi- 
ness of  your  Brother  Edward.  I  have  repeatedly  tried  what 
could  be  done  with  Footman,  who  always  says  that  what  with 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.    227 

the  Losses  they  sustained  in  Common  with  almost  all  others  who 
followed  trade  at  that  time  together  with  Neddy's  Expenses  in 
going  abroad  &  settling  &  maintaining  his  family  in  Philadelphia, 
there  is  nothing  left  to  satisfy  your  demand.  I  believe  only  a 
part  of  this  Story,  but  am  obliged  to  rest  satisfied  with  it.  As 
however  he  is  my  Son  &  has  an  encreasing  family  which  are  and 
must  be  dependant  upon  me  for  a  support  unless  he  can  be  put 
into  some  Situation  to  enable  him  to  make  provision  for  them 
himself,  which  this  heavy  debt  while  it  hangs  over  him  will  for- 
ever obstruct. 

I  have  therefore  conceived  the  Idea  of  endeavouring  to  com- 
pound it  for  him  provided  I  can  do  it  without  in  cumbering  my 
own  Affairs  for  the  short  time  I  have  to  live.  I  would  therefore 
make  this  proposition  for  your  &  Gr.  A's  Consideration,  which 
you  will  either  accept  or  reject  as  you  think  proper  without  any 
fear  of  giving  me  the  least  displeasure  by  either  Alternative. 

As  a  consideration  for  discharging  him  from  the  demand,  I 
would  agree  to  give  my  Obligation  for  the  sum  of  fifteen  hun- 
dred pounds  sterling ;  the  principal  to  become  payable  within 
one  year  after  my  decease,  but  the  Interest  of  Six  per  cent  to  be 
regularly  paid  upon  it  every  year  during  my  Life.  If  this 
proposition  should  be  accepted  and  the  Bond  delivered  up  with 
a  discharge  and  acknowledgement  of  Satisfaction  of  the  Judgment 
entered  in  our  Supreme  Court,  (which  may  be  done  by  impower- 
ing  Mr.  John  Mifflin  the  Attorney  who  obtained  the  Judgment, 
or  any  other  person  for  that  purpose)  I  will  then  execute  a 
Bond  to  Mr  Burd  as  your  Trustee,  for  the  Sum  and  on  the  terms 
above  mentioned. 

In  this  attempt  of  mine  to  get  Neddy  discharged  of  a  debt, 
which  he  will  never  be  able  to  pay,  I  have  no  Yiew  ever  to  put 
it  again  in  his  power  to  trade  or  make  any  improper  use  of 
Money,  but  simply  to  give  him  some  heart  to  use  his  endeavours 
to  maintain  his  family :  the  present  plan  for  that  purpose  is  this 
Doctor  M°Ilvaine  has  all  the  best  medical  business  at  Burlington, 
but  being  often  confined  with  the  Gout  sometimes  attended  with 
dangerous  symptoms,  is  under  the  necessity  of  declining  a  great 
part  of  his  business,  which  he  might  retain  if  he  could  join  him- 
self in  partnership  with  a  healthy,  active  Man  who  could  take  the 
laborious  part,  of  riding  &c. ;  for  this  purpose  he  expresses  a 
willingness  to  take  your  brother  into  the  business ;  this  we  think 
affords  a  reasonable  prospect  of  procuring  (at  least  in  part)  a 


, 

228    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

present  Support  for  his  family,  and  probably  in  the  end  lay  the 
foundation  of  his  succeeding  Doctor  Mcllvaine  in  his  whole 
business  whenever  he  shall  be  obliged  or  disposed  to  decline  it 
altogether. 

The  Family  are  all  well  &  join  me  most  cordially  in  wishing 
you  &  yours  all  imaginable  happiness. 

I  am  &c. 


PHILADA.  12th  Aug.  1796. 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY, 

This  serves  to  inclose  second  Bills  of  two  Setts  transmitted  to 
you  about  a  fortnight  since,  one  for  £120.7.0  Sterling  being  the 
Amo*  of  Peter  Blight's  protested  Bill  for  £100.  with  Damages, 
the  other  a  new  Draft  for  £100  Sterling.  The  first  Bills  of  these 
Setts  1  sent  you  in  a  letter  of  the  26th  of  last  month,  in  which  I 
acquainted  you  of  my  having  sent  the  Picture  by  Mr.  Alex. 
Foster,  and  in  which  I  likewise  mentioned  a  proposition  relating 
to  your  Brother  Edward.  That  Letter  I  hope  you  have  received 
before  this.  I  think  it  went  by  a  Ship  called  the  Hebe. 
My  best  Love  attends  you  &  yours.  My  dear  daughter 

most  affectionately  yours 

E.  S. 


PHILADA.  6  April,  1797. 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY, 

I  am  much  rejoiced  to  learn  by  your  letter  to  your  Sister  Burd 
that  you  are  in  a  fair  way  of  being  restored  to  your  health.  I 
was  indeed  much  alarmed  at  the  Situation  you  described  in  your 
favor  to  me  of  the  7th  of  October  last.  I  hope  by  Care  and 
Attention  (qualities  you  always  possessed)  together  with  the 
best  medical  assistance,  you  will  be  in  no  danger  of  falling  a 
Sacrifice  to  such  dreadful  Attacks  as  you  have  lately  been  sub- 
ject to. 

I  am  pleased  to  hear  that  Swanwick's  Bills  are  paid ;  I  have 
for  some  time  past  supposed  that  to  be  the  Case,  or  I  should 
have  long  ago  received  a  protest  for  non-payment.  It  is  not 
easy  of  late  to  meet  with  Bills  of  Exchange  drawn  by  such  men 
as  are  altogether  unexceptionable. 

The  Spirit  of  Enterprize  has  of  late  stalked  with  such  gigantic 
Strides  as  to  infatuate  all  ranks  of  people,  and  there  is  by  no 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.    229 

means  such  Confidence  in  men  of  reputed  fortunes  and  prudence 
as  used  to  exist.  I  have  however  faith  in  the  inclosed  Bill  for 
£140  Sterling  drawn  by  Willings  &  Francis,  for  which  I  gave 
what  is  called  par,  viz  16f  p  Cent  advance.  I  have  endorsed  it 
as  usual  to  Messrs.  Dorset  &  Company  for  your  use. 

The  Bank  of  Pennsylvania  received  a  little  shock  last  Winter 
by  the  Misbehavior  of  Mr.  Barclay  the  President,  but  it  soon 
recovered  after  an  inspection  into  its  funds  and  is  now  in 
as  good  credit  as  ever.  Shares  in  that  bank  sell  at  20  p  cent 
advance. 

The  plan  relating  to  your  Brother's  Debt,  must  I  believe  at 
present  rest.  I  have  many  reasons  for  not  wishing  to  take  an 
Assignment  of  his  Bond. 

We  are  all  sorry  to  hear  that  Lord  Malmsbury's  Mission  has 
failed  of  Success,  we  had  hopes  of  Peace,  they  appear  now  to 
be  blasted  and  we  in  some  danger  of  being  implicated  in  the 
War.  We  shall  however  be  very  shy  upon  that  Subject,  and 
nothing  short  of  hard  blows  will  bring  us  to  it. 

I  presume  your  Sister  Betsy  will  give  you  the  history  of  your 
Cousin  Nancy  Allen's  Affair.  Women  as  well  as  Men  seem  in 
these  days  to  be  alike  infatuated.  I  would  if  possible  have 
assisted  the  family  in  this  business,  having  a  grateful  remem- 
brance of  their  friendly  Offices  to  you,  when  you  were  last  with 
us,  but  I  fear  nothing  will  prevent  that  charming  Girl  from 
rushing  into  destruction. 

My  best  Love  to  you  And  all  that  you  love. 

I  am  &c. 


PHILADA.  28th  October  1797. 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY, 

Not  having  heard  from  you  for  many  months,  &  your  Sister 
Betsy  having  rece'd  a  Letter  from  you  by  the  William  Penn  with- 
out your  mentioning  a  Kemittance  I  made  you  last  April,  I  am 
apprehensive  either  that  my  Letters  have  not  been  received  or 
your  Answer  miscarried.  On  the  6th  April  last  I  enclosed  you  a 
Bill  of  Exchange  drawn  by  Willing  &  Francis  on  John  &  Francis 
Baring  &  Co  dated  the  5th  April  1797  for  £140  Sterling  in  my 
favor  payable  on  [  ]  days  Sight  &  by  me  indorsed  to  Messrs 
Dorset  &  Company  for  your  Use.  One  Bill  of  the  Sett  went  by 
the  packet  &  another  by  the  Brig  Friendship.  I  cannot  but  hope 
one  of  them  at  least  got  safe  to  hand. 


' 
230    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

We  returned  but  yesterday  from  the  Country  after  an  Absence 
of  near  three  months  on  Acco't  of  the  Yellow  Fever  in  the  City, 
which  has  at  length  subsided,  &  we  esteem  ourselves  safe  in  our 
old  habitation ;  the  great  number  of  the  Citizens  who  retired 
into  the  Country  on  this  Occasion,  has  been  probably  the  Cause 
of  the  fever  not  proving  so  fatal  as  in  the  year  1793,  when  four 
times  the  number  died  in  the  same  time.  I  am  happy  to  inform 
you  that  none  of  our  friends  have  felt  the  ill  Effects  of  it.  I 
have  been  for  the  greater  part  of  this  month  on  the  Circuit  and 
have  one  more  County  to  go  to  before  I  settle  down  for  the 
Winter. 

My  kind  Love  to  all  your  family  &  friends.     I  am  &c 

P.S.  lest  any  Accident  may  have  happened  to  my  former 
letters,  I  inclose  you  the  third  Bill  of  the  Sett. 


PHILADA.  16th  July  1798. 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY, 

We  have  had  such  alarming  Accounts  respecting  the  intended 
Invasion  &  probable  Success  of  the  all-powerful  Frenchmen 
against  your  devoted  Country  that  my  feelings  regarding  you 
have  been  all  alive  &  I  have  delayed  writing  till  some  favourable 
Accots  should  arrive  that  I  might  be  sure  a  letter  would  reach 
you  in  London. 

And  altho'  \ve  do  not  yet  hear  of  any  Suspension  of  prepara- 
tions for  that  purpose,  yet  I  cannot  now  but  conclude  either 
that  the  Invasion  has  been  declined  or  if  attempted  will  finally 
fail.  Our  Situation  here  is  indeed  critical.  We  have  mortally 
offended  the  Conqueror  of  the  World  by  making  a  Treaty  with 
England  without  their  leave  &  in  some  respects  unfavourable  to 
their  Commerce.  For  this  Offence  we  are  never  to  be  forgiven, 
and  are  threatened  with  all  the  Evils  they  have  inflicted  upon 
Venice,  &  Switzerland.  Our  Ladies  particularly  are  fearful  of  a 
Yisit,  if  not  of  the  Guillotine,  and  are  meditating  some  plans  of 
Retreat  from  the  large  Cities,  where  the  depredations  are  most 
likely  to  fall.  I  have  myself  no  apprehensions  of  that  kind. 
We  are  making  such  preparations  for  their  reception  &  there 
seems  to  be  of  late  such  Unanimity  in  our  people  on  the  Subject 
of  Resistance  that  any  Attempt  upon  us  must  prove  fatal  to 
themselves.  Our  naval  force  is  already  such  as  to  put  our  coast- 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.    231 

ing  trade  out  of  danger,  &  no  privateers  will  hereafter  venture 
to  consider  this  as  cruising  Ground.  We  have  lately  brought 
one  of  them  into  port,  and  altho  no  express  declaration  of  War 
has  yet  taken  place,  Yet  this  Vessel  is  considered  as  fair  game, 
having  made  some  prizes  on  the  Coast,  &  will  probably  be  con- 
demned. War  is  a  great  Evil  &  I  pray  God  to  defend  us  all 
from  the  direful  Effects  of  it. 

I  inclose  you  a  Bill  of  Exchange  for  £130  Sterling  purchased 
at  par  indorsed  as  usual  to  Messrs.  Dorset  &  Co  for  your  Use. 

Really  the  times  have  been  so  critical,  &  there  has  been  such 
a  Revolution  as  to  the  Fortunes  of  our  Merchants  that  it  has  not 
been  an  easy  matter  to  get  Bills  free  from  some  Risk.  I  know 
not  the  drawer  of  this  Bill,  but  the  Indorser,  Mordecai  Lewis  is 
certainly  safe,  if  there  is  any  Safety  among  us. 

The  Family  are  all  well  &  join  me  in  best  Love  to  you  &  Yours. 


PHILADA.,  18th  Febry.  1799. 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY, 

1  was  rejoiced  to  receive  your  affectionate  Letter  of  the  28th 
Oct.,  having  received  none  before  for  a  long  time.  Some  time 
after  my  return  from  our  Asylum  in  the  Country,  a  young  Gen- 
tleman called  on  me,  of  the  name  of  Sheddon,  who  enquired 
whether  I  had  received  a  Letter  from  you,  of  which  he  was  the 
Bearer.  On  my  answering  in  the  negative,  he  informed  me 
that  having  arrived  at  New  York,  and  not  then  thinking  it  safe 
on  account  of  the  Sickness  to  proceed  to  Philada.,  he  had  com- 
mitted the  care  of  it  to  young  Andrew  Allen  his  fellow  Passen- 
ger. This  Letter  however  has  never  come  to  hand,  nor  did  Mr. 
Allen  ever  call  upon  me,  to  make  any  Apology  till  about  a  fort- 
night ago,  having  then  heard  from  many  of  his  friends  that  I 
had  frequently  complained  of  his  Negligence.  All  he  could  then 
say  was  that  he  had  put  the  Letter  into  the  Post  Office  at  Bristol 
not  knowing  the  place  of  my  retirement  in  the  Country.  Mr. 
Sheddon  was  certainly  not  to  blame,  he  has  been  several  times 
since  at  our  house  &  complains  much  of  Mr.  Allen's  uncivil 
behaviour. 

I  was  very  happy  to  hear  of  your  receiving  benefit  to  your 
health  from  Sea  bathing :  it  should  of  course  be  repeated  at  the 
proper  Season.  I  am  likewise  much  pleased  at  the  good  Spirits 
you  seem  to  enjoy  from  the  favourable  Circumstances  you  men- 


232    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedwt  Arnold. 

tion  with  regard  to  your  Sons.  God  grant  you  may  be  made 
happy  in  their  prosperity  &  that  of  the  rest  of  your  family. 

I  am  much  delighted  to  hear  of  your  acquaintance  with  my 
old  &  good  friend  Mrs.  Willis.  I  remember  her  &  the  kindness 
she  manifested  to  me  with  ye  greatest  pleasure.  I  felt  a  warmth 
at  my  heart  in  reading  her  tender  expressions  with  regard  to  me 
which  you  have  detailed.  Your  Saucy  Sister  Sally  charges  me 
with  betraying  much  Vanity  in  shewing  your  letter  to  many  of 
our  friends ;  it  could  only  be,  she  says,  to  exhibit  Mrs.  Willis's 
flattering  Sentiments  in  my  favour. 

I  inclose  you  a  Bill  of  Exchange  for  £150  Sterling  which  I 
purchased  at  the  moderate  Exchange  of  57 £  p  Ct  advance.  I 
have  as  usual  indorsed  it  to  Dorset  &  Co  for  your  use. 

Some  of  your  money  has  been  paid  in,  and  am  now  consider- 
ing of  the  best  way  of  Disposing  of  it.  Our  Government  has 
advertised  for  a  loan  of  five  Millions  of  Dollars  at  8  p  Cent 
Interest.  The  Subscriptions  are  all  to  be  made  on  the  same  day 
&  there  is  no  doubt  of  their  filling  immediately.  I  am  balancing 
between  a  Subscription  to  this  loan  &  buying  6  p  Cent  Stock 
which  may  now  be  had  at  160  in  the  pound.  Bank  Stock  of  the 
United  States  sells  at  20  p  Cent  advance,  and  that  of  the  Bank 
of  Pennsylvania  at  about  the  same  price :  the  North  America 
Bank  stock  is  much  higher  &  seldom  to  be  got,  the  last  that  was 
sold  brought  50  p  Cent  advance ;  the  Dividends  of  the  last  are 
generally  12  p  Cent  per  annum  on  the  original  Subscriptions,  the 
2  former  at  about  8  p  cent. 

Our  Quarrel  with  the  French  is  not  yet  made  up ;  their  late 
bad  Success  in  Europe  has  in  some  degree  lowered  their  tone, 
but  no  serious  advances  have  been  yet  made  by  them  towards  an 
Accommodation.  We  are  determined  to  be  in  a  State  of  prepara- 
tion for  fear  of  the  worst,  Congress  have  voted  for  an  Equipment 
of  Six  74  Gun  Ships,  besides  a  large  number  of  smaller  armed 
Vessels.  Our  trade  is  already  rendered  safer  by  the  frigates  and 
armed  Ships  which  are  already  on  the  Ocean,  besides  the  benefits 
we  have  received  from  British  Convoys. 


6  March  1799. 
My  DEAR  PEGGY, 

I  wrote  you  by  the  Chesterfield  packet,  the  18th  of  last  month  ; 
my  letter  together  with  the  whole  mail  was  sunk  by  the  Captain 
at  New  Yorkj  out  of  resentment  for  being  served  with  a  Writ. 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.    233 

(Here  I  repeat  part  of  former  letter.) 

I  inclose  you  second  Bill  of  Exchange  for  £150  Sterling  (the 
first  having  been  sunk  with  the  mail)  which  I  purchased  at 
57|  p  Cent  advance,  &  have  as  usual  indorsed  it  to  Dorset  &  Co. 
for  your  use.  Some  of  your  money  has  been  paid  in,  and  I  am 
taking  advantage  of  a  loan  to  our  Government  of  5  Millions  of 
dollars  at  8  p'  cent  Interest;  the  Subscriptions  have  much  ex- 
ceeded the  loan,  so  that  none  will  get  the  whole  of  what  they 
subscribed ;  what  the  deductions  from  each  Subscription  will  be, 
is  not  yet  known ;  but  I  expect  for  you  about  1400  dollars. 

Bank  Stock  of  the  United  States  sells  at  about  23  p.  cent 
advance,  that  of  Pennsylvania  at  about  20,  &  the  North  America 
at  45  p  cent,  which  last  is  seldom  to  be  got. 

We  have  had  Mr.  Sheddon  frequently  with  us,  on  the  presump- 
tion that  your  lost  letter  contained  a  Eecommendation  of  him. 


PHILADA  10th  July  1799 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY, 

I  much  fear  my  two  last  Letters  have  miscarried,  one  dated 
18th  Feby  last  &  the  other  on  the  6th  of  March  containing  first  & 
Second  Bills  of  a  Sett  of  Exchange  for  £150  Sterling  at  Sixty 
days  sight  by  Philips  Cramond  &  Co  on  Messrs  Thellusson 
Brothers,  London  dated  18th  Feby  1799  in  my  favour  &  by  me 
indorsed  to  Messrs  Dorset  &  Company  or  Order:  the  Letter 
which  inclosed  the  first  of  the  Sett  was  intended  to  be  sent  by  the 
Chesterfield  packet  &  was  forwarded  by  the  post  to  New  York 
for  that  purpose.  In  some  Squabbel  between  the  Capt  of  the 
packet  &  the  Sheriffs  Officer  at  New  York,  the  Mail  was 
thrown  overboard  &  the  Merchants  here  were  advised  to  for- 
ward Duplicates  of  their  Letters  to  be  sent  by  the  same  Vessel. 
I  did  the  like,  but  I  afterwards  learnt,  that  the  first  Letters 
were  recovered,  so  it  is  most  probable  both  Letters  went  in  the 
same  Vessel.  I  have  lately  seen  an  Account  in  the  Newspaper 
of  the  Chesterfield  packet  having  been  captured  by  the  French. 
I  therefore  now  inclose  you  the  third  Bill  of  the  Sett,  altho'  it  is 
the  only  remaining  one  in  my  hands. 

Some  of  your  Money  having  been  paid  into  my  hands  last 
Winter,  I  thought  proper  to  invest  it  in  Subscriptions  to  a  loan 
of  the  Government  at  the  Interest  of  8  p  cent  p  annum.  I  could 
only  at  first  get  in  1400  dollars,  but  some  time  after  I  purchased 


234    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

an  additional  1400  dollars  at  5  p  cent  advance  on  the  first  pay- 
ment. This  sum  of  2800  dollars  I  pay  in  by  8  monthly  install- 
ments, at  350  dollars  each  month,  the  last  payment  to  be  made 
on  the  10th  of  October  next.  I  have  now  paid  in  5  of  the  Install- 
ments &  shall  soon  be  intitled  to  Certificates  carrying  8  p  cent, 
Interest  for  one  half  of  the  Subscription ;  the  Certificates  for 
the  other  half  of  the  Installments  will  I  presume  be  delivered  in 
October  when  the  whole  will  be  paid  into  the  treasury.  This 
mode  of  investing  your  money  I  believe  will  be  the  most  bene- 
ficial for  you,  as  I  expect  the  Interest  will  be  regularly  paid  half 
yearly. 

The  Family  are  all  well  &  join  with  me  in  every  Wish  for  your 
health  &  happiness. 

I  am  &c. 


PHILADA  I8'  Nov  1799 
DE  PEGGY ; 

On  the  other  side  you  will  find  a  copy  of  the  last  Letter  I 
wrote  by  the  Ship  Adriana,  which  I  hope  came  safely  to  your 
hands.  Since  which  I  have  received  your  agreeable  favor  of  the 
9th  of  August,  wherein  you  express  your  Apprehensions  of  our 
Safety,  on  account  of  the  prevailing  fever  which  has  raged  here 
for  about  three  months  past ; — it  has  now,  thank  G-od,  intirely 
subsided  and  we  consequently  a  few  days  past  returned  to  our 
usual  habitation  in  the  City,  all  perfectly  well. 

You  seem  very  desirous  to  prosecute  a  Scheme  of  Speculation 
with  the  money  you  have  in  this  Country.  I  shall  give  you  all 
the  Assistance  in  my  power  to  perfect  it ;  altho  I  am  not  quite 
certain  the  train  it  is  now  in  here  would  not  prove  as  profitable 
as  the  one  you  project. 

I  have  been  at  some  pains  to  interest  you  as  far  as  possible  in 
our  8  p  cent  Loan,  as  apparently  the  most  profitable  of  any  plan 
of  disposing  of  your  money  here ;  I  have  accordingly  invested 
for  you  to  the  amount  of  2800  Dollars  at  8  p  cent  Interest  pay- 
able half  yearly ; — this  Stock  in  order  to  comply  with  your 
request  I  must  sell  in  the  Market,  altho  at  present  it  has  not 
risen  above  par. — you  have  likewise  three  Shares  in  the  Bank  of 
North  America  which  will  sell  from  45  to  50  p  Cent  advance  on 
the  original  sum ;  both  these  I  shall  as  soon  as  possible  convert 
into  money  &  invest  in  Bills  of  Exchange  on  London  which  at 
present  may  be  had  at  about  £150  currency  for  £100  Sterling. 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.    235 

The  five  shares  which  you  have  in  the  Pennsylvania  Bank  1 
would  not  wish  to  sell  immediately,  as  the  price  of  that  stock  is 
at  present  very  low,  not  above  13  or  14  p  Cent  advance  on  the 
original  price,  yet  perhaps  if  I  can  find  a  cash  purchaser  and  good 
Bills  I  may  likewise  dispose  of  those  shares  in  order  to  comply 
with  your  wishes.  The  remainder  of  your  money  being  at 
interest,  some  at  7  p  Cent  &  some  at  6,  I  cannot  expect  to  call  in 
on  a  sudden,  but  will  do  it  as  soon  as  it  is  practicable.  As  sev- 
eral Yessels  are  put  up  for  different  ports  in  England,  I  expect 
shortly  to  begin  the  operation  you  desire. 

I  am  &c. 


PHILADA  30  Dec  1799 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY 

I  have  been  for  some  time  past  anxious  to  hear  whether  the 
Bill  of  Exchange  for  £150  Sterling  which  I  purchased  for  you 
last  Febry,  has  been  received  &  paid — the  two  first  Bills  of  the 
Sett,  I  have  reason  to  think  were  captured,  the  third  &  last 
Bill  I  sent  p  the  Ship  Adriana  last  July,  which  I  hope  got  safe 
to  hand,  as  I  see  by  the  News  papers  a  Ship  of  that  Name  is  put 
up  in  London,  to  sail  for  Philada  about  the  1st  of  November. 

There  has  been  of  late  such  a  rise  in  Bills  of  Exchange  that  I 
doubt  whether  your  projected  plan  communicated  to  me  by  your 
letter  of  the  9th  of  August  last  can  be  put  in  execution.  I  lost 
no  time  after  the  receipt  of  that  letter  to  employ  a  broker  to 
sell  your  bank  stock  for  the  purpose  of  investing  the  proceeds 
in  Bills  of  Exchange.  I  found  in  2  or  3  days  afterwards  that 
Bills  were  rising  from  150  to  155  &  soon  to  160  and  are  now  at 
165  or  par.  I  immediately  stopt  the  sale  of  your  Bank  shares 
to  give  a  little  time  for  the  falling  of  bills.  The  Broker  had 
however  sold  one  of  your  shares  in  the  Bank  of  North  America 
for  50  p  cent  advance  &  two  of  your  shares  in  the  Bank  of  Penn- 
sylvania at  13  p  cent  advance ; — the  money  arising  from  these 
sales  I  deposited  in  the  bank  of  the  United  States,  where  it  yet 
remains.  I  see  no  prospect  at  present  of  getting  Bills  under 
par,  so  that  unless  I  receive  further  orders  from  you,  I  shall 
endeavour  to  reinvest  that  money  in  one  or  other  of  our  banks. 
I  thought  it  lucky  the  Broker  had  not  disposed  of  your  8  p 
cents  before  this  change  had  taken  place  especially  as  I  have 
lately  heard  that  dollars  in  England  have  risen  considerably, 
which  circumstance  must  likewise  have  interfered  with  your 


236    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

project.  As  soon  as  I  receive  Dividends  from  the  Banks  &  8 
per  cent  Interest  from  the  Treasury  I  shall  purchase  a  Bill  for 
you  in  order  to  remit  your  annual  Interest,  let  the  price  of  Bills 
be  what  it  may.  I  have  been  so  much  engaged  in  Court  for  six 
weeks  past,  that  I  have  had  but  little  opportunity  of  knowing 
how  the  mercantile  Concerns  of  the  Country  go  on. 

My  time  has  been  the  more  engaged,  as  I  have  lately  received 
the  Appointment  of  Chief  Justice  of  the  State  in  the  room  of 
Mr  McKean,  who  has  been  elected  Governor. 

The  Salary  of  Chief  Justice  is  one  thousand  pounds  Currency 
per  annum,  yet  I  do  not  think  it  will  be  prudent  in  me  to  hold 
the  Office  for  any  great  length  of  time  even  if  Providence  should 
prolong  my  life ;  the  increasing  labor  of  business  to  a  man  so 
far  advanced  in  years  will  probably  tend  to  impair  my  faculties 
as  well  as  health.  The  story  of  the  Arch  Bishop  of  Granada  in 
Gil  Bias  has  often  occurred  to  me ;  and  I  cannot  bear  the  idea  of 
betraying  the  loss  of  Intellect  to  others  before  I  discovered  it  in 
myself.  My  health,  thank  God,  as  yet  has  not  declined,  indeed 
my  headache  has  in  a  great  measure  left  me.  Yet  being  turned 
of  Seventy,  I  have  no  reason  to  expect  any  long  enjoyment 
of  that  valuable  blessing ;  altho  my  friends  are  kind  enough  to 
natter  me  that  by  constantly  riding  the  Circuit,  I  shall  long 
retain  it. 

I  hope  your  charming  little  daughter  is  in  better  health  than 
when  you  wrote.  I  have  been  told  by  others  that  she  is  very 
delicate.  Your  niece  Peggy  Burd  is  to  be  married  in  a  few  days 
to  her  Cousin  Dan.  Coxe,  who  has  made  a  handsome  fortune  in 
trade. 

Your  sister  Sally  enjoys  fine  health  and  does  not  pine  for  the 
loss  of  Mr  Foster  who  died  with  the  Yellow  fever  last  Summer: 
it  is  thought  he  retained  his  unsuccessful  passion  to  the  last. 

If  Bills  of  Exchange  return  to  the  low  price  they  bore  two 
or  three  months  ago,  your  plan  may  be  yet  prosecuted  if  you 
chuse  it; — for  which  I  will  endeavour  to  get  in  what  money 
remains  at  interest  in  private  hands  &  invest  it  in  some  Stock 
which  may  be  readily  sold  whenever  you  think  proper.  I  am 
with  much  love  to  you  &  yours 


PHILADA  3  May  1800 
DR.  PEGGY 

I  received  your  very  wellcome  Letter  of  the  5th  of  February  a 
few  days  ago  ;— and  am  glad  to  find  the  last  years  bill  for  £150 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.    237 

is  paid.  I  now  inclose  you  another  for  the  same  sum,  which 
cost  at  the  rate  of  172 £  p  cent  Exchange.  I  have  reason  to  be 
still  better  pleased  that  I  had  not  an  opportunity  of  remitting 
your  Money  at  the  time  you  requested  it,  as  most  of  the  drawers 
at  that  time  have  met  with  misfortunes  and  particularly  Mr. 
Peter  Blight  who  was  then  the  principal  Drawer  and  tho  before 
esteemed  a  very  prosperous  man  has  since  stopped  payment  & 
will  in  all  probability  finally  break  for  a  very  large  Sum.  The 
three  shares  of  Bank  Stock  which  I  wrote  you  I  had  sold  in 
order  to  buy  Bills,  I  consider  as  still  remaining  yours,  having 
applied  the  money  to  my  own  use,  as  if  my  own  Shares  were 
sold  instead  of  yours. 

You  request  to  know  the  situation  of  the  lands  on  Susque- 
hannah  River  claimed  by  the  Connecticut  people.  I  am  in 
hopes  that  dispute  is  in  a  way  of  being  at  last  settled.  Our 
Legislature  passed  a  law  last  year  to  encourage  the  Pennsyl- 
vania claimants  to  convey  their  property  in  the  Seventeen  Town- 
ships settled  by  the  Connecticut  people  to  the  State,  to  enable 
them  to  convey  to  the  Settlers  at  a  less  price  provided  40.000 
acres  were  conveyed  to  the  State  within  a  limited  time ; — that 
number  of  acres  &  more  have  already  been  transferred,  and 
Commissioners  are  appointed  to  value  the  Lands,  who  are  limited 
to  estimate  the  best  Lands  no  higher  than  five  dollars  p  acre  & 
the  worst  Lands  at  one  dollar  &  the  others  at  intermediate 
prices  according  to  their  Yalue,  when  the  whole  is  completed 
the  State  will  pay  the  Pennsylvania  Claimants  at  these  rates,  & 
sell  them  out  to  the  Connecticut  Settlers  at  about  half  the  prices 
thus  allowed,  at  which  rate  it  is  presumed  there  will  be  but  little 
doubt  of  their  accepting  them.  There  are  however  other  lands 
settled  by  the  Connecticut  people  not  within  those  Seventeen 
townships,  and  not  included  in  this  Arrangement ; — these  lands 
it  is  presumed  the  Settlers  will  be  compelled  to  give  up,  as  the 
Settlements  on  them  were  made  after  the  decree  at  Trenton 
which  fixt  the  right  to  be  in  Pennsylvania.  The  Value  of 
Lands  in  that  Country  it  is  not  possible  to  ascertain  without 
knowing  their  Situation  and  Quality.  The  Lands  which  lie  on 
the  River  are  for  the  most  part  the  most  valuable :  some  of  them, 
bottom  lands,  may  be  worth  perhaps  Six  dollars  an  acre,  other 
Lands  may  not  be  worth  more  than  half  or  a  quarter  of  a  dollar 
an  acre.  Many  Mountains  &  stony  &  barren  lands  have  been 
included  in  some  of  the  Surveys.  Lands  lying  at  a  distance 


238    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

Hf 

from  the  Eiver,  not  settled  by  the  Connecticut  people  &  surveyed 
some  time  ago  under  Pennsylvania  Eights,  good  in  quality,  may 
be  bought  here  for  about  one  dollar  per  Acre,  taking  a  large 
quantity  together. 

I  am  delighted  to  hear  of  the  probable  prosperity  &  good 
establishments  of  your  Sons  &  the  returning  health  of  your 
charming  daughter ;  this  pleasure  is  alloyed  however  by  what 
you  say  concerning  your  own  Situation,  the  fullness  of  blood  you 
complain  of  can  only  be  abated  by  a  Eegimen  &  Evacuants.  I 
mean  not  however  to  prescribe  as  you  live  in  a  Country  where 
the  best  advice  may  be  had. 

Your  Cousin  Betsy  Lawrence  (formerly  Betsy  Allen)  died  a 
few  days  ago  of  a  Consumption.  Mr  Tench  Francis  died 
yesterday  of  the  Gout,  and  your  Aunt  Lawrence  is  expected  to 
go  in  a  few  days  from  the  effects  of  more  than  one  appoplectic 
Stroke. 

Your  Cousin  Nancy  Allen,  a  charming  Woman,  is  going  off  in 
another  way,  being  bent  on  marriage  with  a  Mr  Greenleaf,  mau- 
gre  all  the  remonstrances  of  her  friends. 

All  the  branches  of  our  own  family  are  well  and  join  sincerely 
in  best  Love  to  you  &  Yours.  I  am  my  dear  Peggy  most  Affect1* 
Yours, 


PHILADA  23  May  1801 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY 

I  am  this  minute  setting  off  on  a  Circuit  &  so  hurried  that  I 
have  but  just  time  to  inclose  you  a  Bill  of  Exchange  fur  £150 
Sterling  drawn  by  Jeremiah  Warder  on  Eathbone,  Hughes  & 
Duncan  of  Liverpool  but  payable  in  London,  Exchange  at  160. 

All  that  you  love  and  love  you  here  are  well  &  join  me  in  best 
affection  to  you  &  yours. 

I  am  Dear  Peggy  most  affect'ly  yours 

P.S.  You  have  probably  heard  of  your  Sister  Sally's  loss  of 
her  little  boy,  who  died  about  2  or  three  months  ago.  He  was 
a  beautiful  Child  about  8  or  9  years  old. 


PHILADA  4th  August  1801 

MY   DEAR   DAUGHTER 

With  equal  pleasure  &  pain  I  received  your  last  letter  of  the  1st 
of  June  thro'  Mr  Bond ;  pleasure  that  you  seem  to  have  no  com- 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.    239 

plaints  as  to  your  health  &  pain  that  you  seem  struggling  with 
some  pecuniary  embarrassments,  which. you  do  not  disclose,  but 
I  presume  must  arise  from  some  unsuccessful  negotiation.  I 
have  been  always  fearful  of  engaging  in  plans  of  Speculation 
which,  failing  of  success,  might  strike  too  deep  in  their  conse- 
quences ; — every  calamity  however  is  rendered  heavier  by  being 
suffered  to  dwell  upon  the  mind ;  exert  yourself  my  dear  child, 
&  permit  not  your  spirits  to  be  too  deeply  affected,  or  bad 
health  will  follow. 

I  hope  the  Bill,  I  remitted  to  you  on  the  23rd  of  May  last  for 
£150  Sterling  has  been  received  and  paid.  I  have  now  agreeably 
to  your  desire  remitted  to  Miss  Fitch  for  your  Use  a  Bill  of 
Exchange  for  £500  Sterling  drawn  by  Thomas  &  John  Clifford 
on  Wm  &  John  Dowell  of  Bristol  but  payable  in  London. 

I  hope  you  have  heard  of  the  Welfare  of  your  Son  James,  as 
the  affairs  of  Egypt  appear  to  be  in  a  favorable  train  for  England. 

I  am  much  obliged  to  Mrs  Liston  for  calling  upon  you  as  she 
promised  us  she  would  do ;  you  say  she  gave  you  much  informa- 
tion respecting  the  family,  one  article  of  which  I  presume  (from 
what  you  write  to  your  sister  Betsy)  is  that  Sally  is  about  to  be 
married ;  if  this  had  been  a  matter  fixed,  she  would  certainly 
before  this  have  communicated  it  to  you,  but  the  world  is  too  apt 
to  pronounce  positively  upon  such  subjects  before  the  parties 
themselves  have  made  up  their  minds  upon  them ; — the  truth  is 
that  Mr  Lawrence  has  been  very  attentive  to  her  for  some  time 
past  &  I  have  reason  to  think  him  not  disagreeable  to  her — but 
there  are  two  strong  objections,  which  may  possibly  prevent  the 
match  from  ever  taking  place,  lgt  the  Children  by  two  former 
Wives,  two  of  them  young  Women  living  in  his  family  &  2nd  the 
leaving  Philadelphia  to  reside  in  New  York  which  she  seems 
much  averse  to,  at  least  during  my  life  : — the  latter  objection  I 
believe  he  would  have  no  difficulty  in  removing,  as  he  is  a  Man 
of  handsome  fortune  &  could  reside  without  inconvenience  in 
any  part  of  America — but  the  former  objection  cannot  well  be 
obviated  unless  his  elder  Children  could  be  married  off; — in  this 
doubtful  state  the  subject  remains  &  will  probably  remain  for 
some  time.  I  thought  proper  to  apprize  you  of  the  truth  as  I 
find  the  Report  has  reached  England  &  you  should  know  the 
whole. 

In  order  to  raise  the  £500  Sterling  I  have  sold  four  of  your 
Shares  in  the  bank  of  Pennsylvania,  at  a  good  advance. 


J 
240    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

4 

PHILADA  10th  August  1801 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY 

On  the  4th  Inst  I  inclosed  to  Miss  Fitch  agreeably  to  your 
direction  a  Bill  of  Exchange  for  £500  Sterling  under  cover  to 
John  Lane,  Esq.,  at  the  same  time  I  wrote  a  Line  to  you.  I 
have  now  sent  another  Bill  of  the  same  Sett  under  the  same 
Cover. 

Since  the  receipt  of  your  last  letter  of  the  1st  of  June,  we  have 
seen  a  Newspaper  Account  of  Gen1  A's  death  &  most  heartily 
sympathize  with  you  on  this  occasion.  I  am  at  a  loss  to  think 
what  would  be  the  most  eligible  plan  of  life  for  you  in  future, 
probably  you  have  by  this  time  settled  it  for  yourself;  if  you 
should  incline  to  come  to  America,  I  shall  receive  you  into  my 
house  &  Arms  with  the  most  heartfelt  Welcome ;  in  that  case 
your  little  lovely  daughter  will  accompany  you.  I  cannot  help 
however  suspecting  that  the  Situation  of  your  dear  Sons  will 
obstruct  such  a  resolution ;  their  Country  is  certainly  England ; 
there  they  must  expect  their  Advancement  in  life,  to  which  you 
will  probably  think  your  presence  will  abundantly  Contribute, 
independently  of  the  uneasiness  you  would  endure  in  parting 
with  them.  Whatever  your  plan  may  be,  you  will  undoubtedly 
communicate  it  to  me,  &  in  whatever  way  I  can  afford  you 
assistance  you  may  rely  on  my  best  endeavours  to  do  it. 

My  best  love  attends  you  &  yours.  I  am  most  sincerely  yr 
affect  father. 


PHILADA  10  Nov  1801 

MY   DEAR   DAUGHTER 

On  my  return  from  a  long  Circuit  a  few  days  ago  I  received 
your  two  favors  of  the  5th  of  July  &  5th  of  August.  You  may  be 
assured  I  could  not  read  the  distressing  account  of  your  Situation 
with  indifference,  nor  indeed  without  extreme  Pain.  I  wish  I 
could  fly  to  afford  you  every  comfort  &  advice  in  my  power,  but 
age  &  every  circumstance  of  my  life  forbid  it.  You  are  in  some 
degree  happy  in  having  made  friends  who  interest  themselves 
in  your  behalf,  still  you  are  deprived  of  your  natural  connec- 
tions. 

I  will  make  no  reflections  upon  the  causes  of  your  distress ; 
sometimes  the  best  planned  Schemes  fail  through  unavoidable 
Accidents ;  it  is  of  less  consequence  to  account  for  Misfortunes, 
than  to  apply  the  most  practicable  means  to  alleviate  them. 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.    241 

I  observe  the  General's  property,  though  not  large,  is  much 
dispersed  and  difficult  to  collect.  If  it  were  possible  for  me  to 
give  any  assistance  with  regard  to  the  Canada  Lands  I  should 
with  great  alacrity  make  the  Attempt,  but  that  Country  &  ours 
are  as  separate  as  to  their  internal  Concerns  as  if  they  lay  in 
different  quarters  of  the  globe,  nor  have  a  friend  there  to  whom 
I  could  apply  for  help. 

I  am  much  grieved  to  find  you  have  a  reliance  upon  your 
brother's  debt.  I  thought  you  had  long  since  been  convinced  of 
his  inability  to  pay  it ;  both  he  &  his  partner  Footman  became 
insolvent  &  the  latter  when  he  died  left  many  heavy  debts  which 
his  little  property  was  totally  insufficient  to  discharge.  As  to 
your  brother,  he  is  not  possessed  of  a  single  Shilling:  he  is  in- 
deed incapable  of  supporting  his  large  family  of  Children  by 
the  little  business  he  has  in  his  profession  at  Burlington  without 
my  continual  contributions ;  without  them  he  &  they  must  in- 
deed starve.  As  to  my  paying  that  large  debt  which  he  owes 
to  you,  I  am  by  no  means  bound  or  inclined  to  do  it ;  altho  it  be 
a  debt  from  one  child  to  another.  I  never  participated  in  the 
contracting  it,  nor  did  I  suspect  it  existed  till  more  than  two 
years  after.  If  the  creditors  of  General  Arnold  should  be  dis- 
posed to  commence  a  prosecution  against  him  he  will  doubtless 
take  the  advantage  of  the  general  bankrupt  Law  of  the  United 
States.  Notwithstanding  the  unfavorable  state  of  that  busi- 
ness, I  have  made  a  provision  in  my  Will  for  compounding  the 
debt,  altho  with  a  sum  much  inferior  to  the  demand ;  this  is  all 
I  am  capable  of  doing,  considering  my  present  Situation. 
Altho'  I  may  be  said  to  be  possessed  of  a  handsome  property, 
yet  it  lies  in  such  a  way  as  that  it  cannot  command  money,  it 
consisting  chiefly  of  back  lands  &  houses  in  this  City,  the  Eents 
of  which  are  much  reduced  &  subject  to  heavy  taxes.  I  indeed 
hold  at  present  an  Office  which  yields  £1000  a  year  our  Money 
but  that  Office  I  must  soon  resign,  as  my  advanced  Age,  con- 
sidering the  severe  duty,  I  am  bound  to  perform,  incapacitates 
me  from  executing  it  to  my  own  Satisfaction. 

After  this  I  shall  have  need  of  all  the  produce  of  my  Estate 
(which  at  most  is  but  a  very  moderate  one)  for  my  Support,  in 
the  way  I  have  been  used  to  live. 

My  son  Edward  altho  entitled  to  less  of  my  Confidence  than 
my  other  Children,  must  be  prevented  from  suffering  real  want 
&  this  will  necessarily  add  to  my  Expenses. 
VOL.  XXVI. — 16 


' 
242    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

• 

The  Bill  of  Exchange  for  £500  Sterling  which  you  desired  me 
to  send,  I  hope  is  long  since  accepted,  having  transmitted  it  to 
Miss  Fitch  as  long  ago  as  the  4th  of  August.  Whatever  upon 
Reflection  you  desire  me  to  do  with  the  Eemainder  of  your 
Money  shall  be  complied  with,  altho  I  was  in  hopes  that  the 
whole  would  have  been  suffered  to  remain  here  as  yielding  you 
a  better  interest  than  can  be  got  in  England.  This  money  I 
have  no  idea  of  General  Arnold's  creditors  having  any  hold  of; 
it  was  made  up  of  the  Savings  of  your  own  pension,  trans- 
mitted to  me  for  the  separate  use  of  yourself  &  your  Children  & 
never  having  been  in  his  possession  can  in  no  way  I  think  be 
considered  as  his  property  or  subject  to  his  debts. 

I  most  heartily  sympathize  with  you  in  your  distresses  which 
must  likewise  be  increased  by  the  public  distresses  of  the  Coun- 
try you  inhabit ;  by  a  threatened  Invasion  &  enormous  taxes.  It 
is  in  vain  however  to  repine,  altho  we  cannot  avoid  feeling.  God 
send  you  fortitude  to  carry  you  through.  I  feel  much  obliged  to 
Mr  Coxe  &  the  Miss  Fitch's  for  their  very  kind  attention  to  you 
&  your  affairs. 

My  best  Love  to  your  dear  Children,  and  believe  me  to  be 
what  I  ever  shall  be  in  sincerity  &  truth, 

Your  very  affect  &  loving 

FATHER. 

P.S.  Please  to  tender  my  very  respectful  &  grateful  Compli- 
ments to  Miss  Fitch  for  her  most  obliging  Letter  at  a  time 
when  your  distress  being  so  heavy  upon  you  as  to  disable  you 
from  writing  yourself. 


PHILADA  7th  Feby  1802 
MY  DEAR  DAUGHTER  ; 


I  had  the  pleasure  of  receiving  your  Affectionate  Letter  of 
the  2nd  of  December  last  a  few  days  ago : — that  pleasure  how- 
ever was  far  from  being  unmixed  with  Pain,  considering  the 
distressed  State  of  your  mind  arising  from  the  embarrassed 
State  of  your  Affairs  and  the  great  trouble  and  anxiety  neces- 
sarily attendant  upon  your  Situation.  You  have  however  natu- 
rally a  Strength  of  mind  which  with  the  Exertions  you  are 
capable  of,  will  I  flatter  myself  enable  you  to  go  through  your 
arduous  task  to  your  Satisfaction.  I  am  sensible  of  the  great  & 
uncommon  difficulties  you  have  had  to  struggle  with,  beyond 
which  usually  falls  to  the  lot  of  most  of  your  Sex.  Yet  I  be- 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.    243 

Beech  you,  be  not  too  much  dismayed,  call  forth  all  your  mental 
&  bodily  faculties  to  your  assistance,  and  let  the  well  being  of 
your  dear  Children  stimulate  you  to  every  exertion  in  your 
Power :  it  is  a  very  painful  Eeflection,  for  an  old  man  descend- 
ing gradually  to  his  grave,  to  find  a  beloved  Child  so  distressed 
without  having  the  power  of  affording  her  any  essential  relief: 
if  I  was  a  younger  man  I  would  not  hesitate  to  take  a  voyage  to 
England  to  endeavour  to  comfort  you :  as  it  is  I  am  too  feeble 
to  attempt  it.  God  bless  you  my  dear  Child,  &  support  you 
under  your  Afflictions.  It  must  be  some  consolation  to  you  (as 
it  is  to  me)  that  your  two  eldest  boys  are  in  so  fair  a  Eoad  to 
prosperity.  Their  Activity  with  your  good  Advice,  I  fear  not 
will  bring  great  Comfort  to  your  mind — guard  them  against  the 
extravagance  that  young  men  in  their  Situation  are  frequently 
prone  to ;  the  Army  is  a  School  of  Honor,  but  it  is  likewise  a 
School  of  Dissipation  and  the  more  their  Spirit,  the  more  their 
danger. 

As  to  your  Claim  to  lands  in  Canada,  it  was  natural  for  you 
to  suppose  I  might  give  you  some  proper  advice,  as  I  reside  in 
the  same  quarter  of  the  Globe,  but  really  there  is  not  a  creature 
there  that  I  have  any  knowledge  of,  nor  do  I  know  who  to  apply 
to  here,  that  can  give  me  information  or  assistance  on  that 
Subject ; — it  seems  to  me  that  if  you  can  get  any  thing  of  Value 
for  your  Claim  in  England,  it  would  be  as  well  to  sell  it,  unless 
you  have  a  prospect  of  sending  over  one  of  your  Sons  to  look  after 
it,  which  is  not  likely  to  be  the  Case. 

Every  time  I  think  of  my  Son's  Debt  to  you,  I  feel  a  pang  at 
my  heart.  In  my  last  I  wrote  you  all  I  can  say  on  that  Sub- 
ject ;  I  shall  subjoin  to  this  an  extract  from  that  letter,  lest  the 
original  should  have  miscarried.  I  applied  to  Mr  John  Mifflin, 
to  know  what  has  been  done  with  Edward's  Bond,  he  tells  me 
that  all  the  papers  relating  to  that  subject  were  forwarded  to 
Mr  William  Sheddin  of  New  York  from  whom  they  had  been 
originally  received. 

As  to  the  Estate  at  Mount  Pleasant,  M°Pherson's  debt  to 
Osborne  swallowed  it  all  up,  except  about  30  acres  which  was 
subject  to  similar  Mortgage  to  one  Mason,  which  I  believe  neither 
General  Arnold  nor  myself  knew  any  thing  of,  this  has  not  been 
yet  sold  under  the  Mortgage,  but  I  expect  every  day  to  hear  of 
the  commencement  of  some  proceedings  against  it.  I  believe 
little  if  anything  is  to  be  expected  from  it.  I  will  however  agree- 


244    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

ably  to  your  request  transmit  you  by  the  next  opportunity  a 
Copy  of  the  Settlement  from  the  Office  where  it  is  recorded. 

This  being  about  the  time  of  receiving  your  Bank  Dividends, 
and  it  being  expected  that  Exchange  will  rise,  I  inclose  you  a 
Bill  of  Exchange  for  £120  Sterling  drawn  by  Jeremiah  Warder 
on  William  Barber  &  Co.  Merchants  in  Liverpool,  but  payable  in 
London,  at  par,  indorsed  to  yourself. 

I  am  with  true  affection  my  dear  Peggy, 
Yours  &c. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783.  245 


POPP'S  JOURNAL,  1777-1783. 

BY   JOSEPH    G.    ROSENGARTEN. 

(Concluded  from  page  41.) 

October  H. — Heavy  attack  in  force, — the  enemy  seized  one 
of  our  redoubts  and  made  an  attack  on  our  right  wing,  but 
were  forced  back  with  heavy  loss, — then  attacked  our  left, 
and  the  French  grenadiers  stormed  our  line,  without  firing 
a  shot,  captured  a  hundred  of  our  men  on  the  advanced 
line,  killed  and  wounded  those  who  refused  to  surrender, — 
made  a  great  noise  with  their  shouting,  seized  our  lines  and 
turned  them,  and  with  3  or  4000  men  held  them.  Our 
whole  force  was  sent  forward  to  strengthen  our  left,  for  a 
general  attack  was  ordered  and  we  could  distinctly  hear  and 
understand  the  orders  given  in  German  to  the  enemy's 
German  troops, — we  did  our  best  to  save  our  guns  and  to 
keep  the  enemy  at  bay. 

October  15. — Heavy  firing  on  both  sides — 

October  16. — Between  3  and  4  A.M.  Major  Anderson  led 
some  200  of  the  Light  Infantry  in  an  attack  on  the  enemy's 
lines, — directed  on  their  centre,  where  there  was  a  battery 
of  14  guns, — but  by  his  quickness  he  was  able  to  return 
with  no  very  heavy  loss, — at  day  break  the  enemy  opened 
fire  from  a  new  battery  of  18  guns,  and  it  was  the  severest 
we  had  yet  had.  Our  sick  and  wounded  were  carried  over 
to  Gloucester.  We  saw  another  battery  going  up  on  our 
right,  with  10  Bombs  and  24  to  32  Pounders,  and  knew 
that  it  would  soon  open  fire.  That  night  the  Light  Infantry 
was  sent  to  Gloucester,  and  our  two  Kegiments  replaced  them 
in  their  exposed  position  in  the  advance  with  300  men, — 
the  hope  was  to  force  a  way  through  on  the  Gloucester  side 
and  beat  a  retreat  to  Maryland,  for  it  was  plain  that  our  posi- 
tion was  no  longer  tenable  unless  we  had  reinforcements. 


I 

246  Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783. 

• 

"We  had  no  rest  or  sleep,  for  the  enemy  kept  up  heavy  firing 
and  pushed  their  lines  forward  within  a  stone's  throw,  with  a 
battery  of  14  guns  and  approaches  and  trenches  so  well 
made  that  it  was  only  a  matter  of  a  few  days  before  we 
would  be  completely  surrounded  and  hemmed  in  under 
their  concentrated  fire. 

October  17. — The  enemy  opened  a  heavier  fire  than  at  any 
time  and  from  all  sides  at  once.  The  Light  Infantry  re- 
turned from  Gloucester,  reporting  that  it  was  impossible  to 
escape  in  that  direction,  for  it  was  all  closely  surrounded  by 
the  enemy, — French  and  American  soldiers  covering  every 
outlet.  Lord  Cornwallis  himself  visited  the  works  and  saw 
how  near  the  enemy  had  come.  He  returned  to  his  head- 
quarters and  at  once  sent  the  first  flag  of  truce,  which  was 
very  civilly  treated.  The  English  troops  at  once  began  to 
destroy  their  tents,  ruin  their  arms,  and  prepare  for  sur- 
render. At  12  o'clock  another  flag  of  truce  was  sent, — 
firing  ceased, — there  were  messages  going  through  the  lines, 
and  we  were  all  heartily  glad  the  fighting  was  over.  To- 
wards 7  P.M.  there  was  a  violent  explosion  of  one  of  our 
magazines, — some  of  the  English  soldiers  sent  to  fill  bombs 
with  powder  there  had  drunk  too  much  brandy,  were  care- 
less, and  set  fire,  which  cost  13  lives, — among  them  an 
Anspach  soldier  standing  guard  near  by. 

October  18. — Quiet  all  day,  while  flags  of  truce  were 
coming  and  going,  negotiating  terms  of  surrender.  2  French 
ships  took  position  near  the  Hessian  lines. 

October  19. — The  terms  of  surrender  finally  agreed  on. 
At  12  M.  our  lines  were  withdrawn  and  the  French  and 
Americans  marched  in  and  took  possession  of  our  works, 
lines,  magazines,  and  storehouses, — nothing  was  disturbed, 
and  our  arms  and  equipments  were  left  to  us.  Everything 
was  done  in  regular  military  way.  We  were  heartily  glad 
the  siege  was  over,  for  we  all  thought  there  would  be  another 
attack, — if  Gen1  Cornwallis  had  delayed  the  surrender,  the 
French  Grenadiers  were  to  lead  it, — during  the  siege  the 
enemy  had  fired  more  than  8000  great  bombs,  of  from  100 


Papp's  Journal,  1777-1783.  247 

to  150  and  200  pounds.  On  the  day  of  the  surrender 
Corporal  Popp  was  promoted  to  Lieutenant.  The  force 
that  surrendered  consisted  of  the  following  troops  : 

English : 

The  Royal  Guards  (3rd  Reg*.)  43d.,  17th,  23d.,  80th,  70th 
(or  Scottish  Greens),  71st  (or  Scottish  Whites),  The  Light 
Infantry — six  battalions,  but  weak  in  numbers, — they  were 
fine  young  fellows,  picked  out  from  all  the  Regiments;  the 
Royal  American  Rangers,  a  Squadron  of  English  Light 
Horse, — Tarleton's,  the  Carolina  Militia,  two  companies  of 
English  Cannoniers  and  Engineers,  60  men ;  a  force  of  Pon- 
toniers, — Carpenters  and  Bridge  builders;  the  sailors  and 
marines  belonging  to  the  ships. 

German  Troops: 

The  two  Anspach  Regiments,  von  Yoigt's  and  Seyboth's, 
with  Artillery  and  Yagers;  Hessian  Regiments,  the  Crown 
Prince's  and  v.  Bose's,  with  their  Artillery  and  Yagers. 

The  Officers:  Lord  Cornwallis,  Lt.  Gen1;  General  O'Hara; 
Cols.  v.  Yoigt  and  Seyboth;  14  Lt.  Cols.;  16  Majors;  97 
Captains;  180  Lieutenants;  55  Ensigns;  4  Chaplains;  10 
Adjutants;  18  Quarter  Masters;  18  Doctors;  25  Feld- 
scherer  [army  surgeons]  ;  385  Kon  Commissioned  Officers; 
79  Musicians;  6339  Soldiers;  1  Town  Major;  1  Commis- 
sary; 1  Quartermaster  Sergeant, — in  all  7247. — 

There  were  44  Deserters  during  the  siege,  most  of  them 
from  our  two  Regiments. 

The  Artillery:  37  Brass  Guns;  51  Iron;  15  Mortars;  29 
Bombs;  31  Field  Forges;  5  Ship's  Guns,  169  in  all.— 24 
Flags  and  Standards— £2113  in  the  War  Chest. 

Provisions  : 

59  Casks  Salt  Meat;  97  Casks  Meal ;  18  Casks  Rum ;  43 
Casks  French  Wine  and  Brandy;  Sugar;  Tea;  Chocolate 


248  Popp9s  Journal,  1777-1783. 

• 
etc.,  on  the  Dutch  ships  in  the  harbor,  in  camp  and  in  the 

Magazines,  besides  the  supplies  burned  on  the  ships  valued 
at  £9600. 

Of  munitions  of  war  there  were  left  only  23  kegs  of 
powder. 

The  Ships  surrendered  were :  3  Frigates ;  5  Fire  Ships ;  39 
Transports ;  6  American  vessels  captured  by  us ;  19  Row- 
boats  and  sailboats;  7  Private  Ships;  2  Dutch  Merchant- 
men; 1  Cruiser  of  20  guns, — in  all  82,  with  840  men. 

Our  dead  and  wounded  were  753, — in  our  two  regi- 
ments 47. 

October  19. — At  3-4  P.M.  all  of  Lord  Cornwallis'  troops, 
with  all  our  personal  effects  and  our  side  arms,  colors  covered, 
marched  out  of  our  lines  on  the  Williamsburg  road,  between 
the  Regiments  of  the  enemy,  which  were  all  drawn  up,  with 
colors  flying  and  bands  playing, — our  drums  beating, — the 
French  were  on  our  right  in  parade,  their  General  at  the 
head, — fine  looking  young  fellows  the  soldiers  were, — on 
our  left  the  Americans,  mostly  regular,  but  the  Virginia 
militia  too, — but  to  look  on  them  and  on  the  others  was  like 
day  and  night.  "We  were  astonished  at  the  great  force  and 
we  were  only  a  Corporal's  Guard  compared  to  their  over- 
whelming numbers.  They  were  well  supplied  and  equipped 
in  every  way.  We  were  marched  to  a  level  plain,  where 
the  French  Hussars  formed  a  circle  around  us,  and  there  we 
lay  down  our  arms  etc.  All  the  French  and  American 
Generals  were  there. — Count  Rochambeau,  the  Marquis  De 
La  Fayette,  the  Prince  of  Saarbriick,  [Deux-Ponts] ,  Gen1 
Washington,  Gen1  Greene,  Gen1  Sumter,  who  showed  great 
kindness  to  our  men.  After  depositing  our  arms,  we 
marched  back  to  our  camps  and  had  leave  to  go  where  we 
pleased.  The  French  were  very  friendly,  the  Americans 
too. — No  one  was  allowed  to  go  into  our  Camp — The  French 
mounted  guard  and  patrol  over  it.  Lt.  Hayder  *  [sic]  of 
our's  returned  and  told  us  how  he  and  some  English  and 
German  troops  had  been  taken  prisoners. 

1  Query,  First  Lieutenant  Moritz  Wilhelm  von  der  Heydte. 


Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783.  249 

October  20. — Remained  within  our  lines.  The  French 
hoisted  white  flags  on  our  ships,  the  Americans  on  our 
ditches  around  Yorktown.  We  got  no  bread,  but  only 
flour, — no  rum,  only  water. 

October  23. — At  3  P.M.  marched  as  prisoners  of  war 
out  of  Yorktown,  guarded  by  the  Virginia  Militia  under 
Gen1  Loesen  [?]  and  Major  Jamens  [?], — marched  5  or  6 
miles,  camped  in  the  open  air, — our  tents  were  left  behind, 
— but  we  were  glad  to  get  off  so  well, — our  officers  were 
allowed  to  keep  their  swords. 

October  24- — Marched  through  Williamsburg  and  went 
into  camp  on  a  hill  beyond  it,  and  got  our  first  supply  ot 
provisions  from  the  Americans, — fresh  meat,  meal  etc.,  we 
got  wood  and  water  in  the  town.  A  good  many  of  our 
deserters  came  to  see  us,  but  we  gave  them  a  rough  welcome 
to  show  our  contempt.  Much  provision  was  brought  for 
sale  by  the  farmers,  who  were  glad  to  get  our  silver  for  it. 
Williamsburg  is  an  attractive  place,  with  good  buildings, 
church  with  steeple,  town  hall  and  prison  all  built  of  brick. 
The  French  and  Americans  had  hospitals  here  for  their  sick 
and  wounded  and  kept  them  well  guarded. 

October  22-25. — Marched  18-20  Virginia  miles, — two  of 
them  make  one  of  our's. 

October  26. — Reached  Fredericksburg, — where  we  found 
a  good  many  Germans  settled — went  2  miles  beyond  and 
camped  on  the  banks  of  a  fresh  water  stream  the  '  Krappa 
Hannah'  [sic  for  Rappahannock] ,  named  after  the  first  set- 
tlers,— the  Germans  call  it  the  Hannah  River, — it  is  the 
dividing  line  between  old  and  new  Virginia.  [?]  — Provisions 
were  offered  us  cheap  but  we  had  no  money — There  are  a 
good  many  Indians  still  in  New  Virginia, — and  only  seven 
years  ago,  they  fell  on  the  farmers  and  settlers  near  Win- 
chester. We  had  wretched  weather,  rain  every  day,  poor 
provisions. 

October  31. — We  rested  for  a  day. 

November  1. — Crossed  the  river  and  marched  through 
Falmouth. 


250  Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783. 

£j 

November  2. — Part  of  our  force  was  sent  to  Maryland, 
Fort  Frederick, — including  the  two  Hessian  Regiments, 
Crown  Prince  and  Bose. 

November  3. — Saw  the  high  blue  mountains  on  our  left. 

November  4. — Crossed  the  Eiver  Scandar  or  Jonathan, 
[sic]  in  some  places  it  was  very  deep,  and  cold  and  wet 
with  little  food  we  had  to  march  to  keep  warm — 

November  5. — Reached  Winchester — a  poor  town  in  a  poor 
country — many  German  settlers — we  went  four  miles  further 
to  Fort  Frederick  Barracks  in  a  thick  wood, — a  wretched 
place.  It  was  built  of  logs,  filled  in  with  clay,  loose  in 
many  places, — every  where  going  to  pieces,  nowhere  pro- 
tected from  rain  and  dew, — snow  and  wind  drove  in, — 
the  open  fire  filled  it  with  smoke, — we  went  to  the  neigh- 
boring farmers  and  borrowed  shovels  and  hatchets  and  saws 
and  at  last  made  ourselves  at  least  some  shelter.  Each 
hut  was  filled  with  from  32  to  36  men, — we  had  been 
marching  20  days  in  making  240  Virginia  miles  from  York- 
town.  We  had  no  bread,  only  meal  with  which  to  make  it, — 
twice  we  got  salt  meat,  once  fresh  meat  and  salt.  We  were 
left  free  to  come  and  go  as  we  liked,  many  got  work  on  the 
neighboring  farms,  and  we  were  often  dependent  on  what 
we  got  there  for  food.  Hunger  and  cold  we  endured  often. 

1782.  January  26. — Orders  to  march  after  11  weeks  in 
Winchester.  The  English  prisoners  left  for  Fredericktown 
in  Maryland,  thence  to  go  to  Lancaster,  in  Pennsylvania, 
the  birth  place  of  the  wife  of  our  Captain  v.  Reitzenstein, 
—her  maiden  name  was  Sehenkmayer. 

January  27. — Marched  from  the  Barracks  at  10  A.M. 
under  orders  of  Col.  Hanson  and  Woods  of  the  local  militia. 
Our  sick  remained  behind  as  well  as  those  who  were  working 
on  the  farms  around.  The  people  don't  like  our  German 
soldiers,  although  some  of  our  officers  got  married  and  took 
their  wives  home  to  Germany.  Some  of  our  officers  went 
to  Philada.  and  tried  to  get  Congress  to  release  us,  but  did 
not  succeed.  From  Winchester  to  Fredericktown  40  miles, — 
the  first  day  we  marched  12  miles  and  lay  in  the  open  field 


Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783.  251 

all  night,  in  the  snow ;  we  built  big  fires,  but  could  not  keep 
warm  in  the  cold  weather.  We  were  badly  clothed, — had 
neither  shoes  nor  stockings, — many  sold  their  equipments 
to  get  food, — our  clothes  were  in  rags, — there  were  no  good 
coats  or  breeches  in  the  two  Regiments. — 

January  28. — Marched  9  miles, — forded  the  Opequan  [?] 
and  halted  half  frozen  for  half  an  hour. 

January  29. — Reached  Schipperston  on  the  River  Bett 
Thommak  [Shepherdstown  on  the  Potomac] .  The  river 
was  frozen,  so  that  we  could  not  cross  either  in  boats  or  on 
the  ice,  and  it  was  fearfully  cold, — fortunately  we  lay  under 
a  hill  which  kept  off  the  wind.  The  fires  we  made  did  not 
keep  us  warm  and  we  had  to  keep  moving  all  night.  Then 
the  Militia  Colonel  on  horseback,  its  feet  wrapped  up  in  rags, 
of  which  we  had  a  plentiful  supply,  led  us  over  the  river 
which  was  frozen  solidly. 

January  30. — We  got  men  and  baggage  wagons  safely 
over, — the  farmers  said  they  had  never  seen  the  river  so 
frozen. — We  marched  to  Sharpsburg,  4  miles, — were  quar- 
tered in  the  houses, — most  of  the  owners  were  Germans 
and  very  kind  to  us, — gave  us  good  food  and  warm  rooms, 
and  our  supplies  came  from  Fredericktown, — I  got  one 
night's  good  sleep  and  it  rested  me. 

January  31. — Marched  early  and  reached  Middletown  at 
noon, — 12  miles  off, — and  then  9  miles  more  brought  us  to 
Fredericktown  that  night.  Were  quartered  in  the  stone 
barrack, — built  by  the  King  of  England  and  very  comfort- 
ably arranged.  The  town  is  well  laid  out,  houses  built  of 
brick, — two  churches,  one  German  Lutheran,  the  other 
German  Reformed, — with  towers  and  organs,  and  bells, — 
besides  those  of  the  Dunkers,  the  Catholics  and  the  English 
Reformed, — but  these  have  no  towers  or  bells  or  organs. 
The  people  are  mostly  Germans  from  Suabia,  some  are  the 
exiled  Salzburgers.  Our  quarters  were  in  bad  condition, 
except  those  in  the  Poor  House. 

February  1. — The  English  troops  started  for  Lancaster  in 
Penna., — and  the  two  German  Regiments,  Crown  Prince 


t 
252  Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783. 

% 
and  Bose,   were  brought  from  the  Poor  House  into  the 

Barracks. 

February  26. — Finally  got  into  our  own  quarters — the  hall 
of  the  Anspach  Regiment  was  moved  down,  and  the  Bay- 
reuth  Regiment  was  one  half  up,  the  other  half  down  stairs. 
We  got  very  impatient  from  our  crowded  condition, — 46 
men  in  one  little  room, — we  could  not  keep  clean. 

April  30. — Our  clothing  was  hardly  decent,  and  fortu- 
nately a  fresh  supply  came,  with  our  pay  for  five  months, — 
we  celebrated  the  birthdays  of  our  Prince  and  Princess  with 
an  illumination  of  2  or  300  lights, — many  people  came  from 
the  town  to  see  it.  We  finally  made  our  rooms  warm  and 
comfortable. 

1783. — Learned  of  peace  between  England  and  the  Prov- 
inces of  ]STorth  America, — could  not  at  first  believe  the  news 
told  us  by  some  of  our  men,  until  it  was  confirmed  by 
people  of  the  town.  The  two  Companies  of  Militia  got 
orders  to  go  home — we  heard  the  bells  of  the  town  ringing 
and  the  people  hurraing  and  the  two  Militia  Companies 
marched  through  the  town  with  white  flags  as  emblems  ol 
peace.  Then  came  a  message  from  Philadelphia  to  the 
Commander  of  the  Militia  in  Fredericktown,  which  he  sent 
us.  The  Reformed  Church  celebrated  peace  on  the  13th, — 
Palm  Sunday,  and  the  Pastor  preached  on  a  text  from  Judges 
verse  24.  On  the  3rd  day  of  the  Easter  holidays  there  was 
a  general  celebration, — cannon  firing  all  day, — the  two  City 
Companies  and  the  Militia  paraded  with  white  flags  with  thir- 
teen stripes  for  the  thirteen  Colonies.  Our  American  guard 
was  withdrawn  and  we  were  left  quite  free.  The  American 
officers  and  gentlemen  gave  a  greatball, — at  9  P.M.  there  were 
fire  works, — which  our  cannoniers  made, — the  whole  town 
was  illuminated  and  there  was  a  great  fire  of  small  arms, — we 
shared  in  the  rejoicing,  for  we  knew  we  should  soon  be  free. 

March  13. — At  last  after  nineteen  months  we  are  free, — 
marched  into  Pennsylvania,  passed  the  Maanachges  [Mo- 
nocacy]  River,  had  a  fierce  thunder,  rain  and  wind  storm, — 
we  marched  for  nineteen  days  and  finally  reached  Staaten 


Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783.  253 

Island,  rested  a  day,  then  under  orders  from  New  York, 
crossed  to  Long  Island, — marched  to  Springfield,  lay  there 
in  the  Farm  houses  several  days,  without  any  duty,  then  got 
guns  and  sabres  and  were  regularly  assigned  to  our  position 
as  part  of  the  army  again. 

May  3. — Orders  to  go  on  board  ship  with  our  baggage. 

May  5. — Left  Springfield,  but  after  an  hour's  march  were 
halted  for  the  night  until  the  baggage  was  loaded  on  the  ship. 

May  6. — Went  on  board  ship  to  our  great  delight. 

May  11. — At  break  of  day  with  cannon  firing  we  sailed 
and  were  soon  out  of  sight  of  New  York, — we  had  another 
ship  in  company,  at  3  P.M.  were  out  of  sight  of  land. — 
Soon  lost  sight  of  the  other  ship. 

May  12. — Our  ship  is  the  Sibilla, — captured  by  the  Eng- 
lish from  the  French, — it  was  a  Frigate  of  32  guns, — quite 
new  and  well  equipped.  We  had  at  first  favorable  weather, 
but  the  head  winds  flooded  the  ship  with  water,  and  40  men 
had  to  pump  day  and  night  to  keep  it  out,  for  it  filled  from 
5  to  8  feet, — the  ship  had  received  18  cannon  shot  when  it 
was  taken,  and  some  of  these  were  still  open,  so  we  worked 
with  a  will  to  keep  her  afloat. 

May  22 — The  weather  grew  stormier  and  the  ship's  car- 
penter said  he  might  have  to  cut  away  the  mainmast  to 
keep  the  ship  steady. 

May  23. — The  storm  grew  worse  and  worse — Our  Field 
carpenters  were  called  on  deck  to  help  the  sailors  cut  away 
the  mast, — and  after  that  was  done  the  storm  broke,  but  we 
had  to  keep  at  the  pumps,  while  a  jury  mast  was  rigged  up. 
The  women  and  many  of  the  men  were  dreadfully  fright- 
ened. Our  Major  von  Seitz  was  very  ill  and  his  life  des- 
paired of. — 

September  1. — He  died — and  after  waiting  until 

September  5 — was  buried  at  sea.  Two  hours  later  and 
we  saw  land, — but  it  was  the  Scilly  Islands,  and  we  had  to 
keep  out  at  sea,  for  many  vessels  had  been  wrecked  and 
plundered  there.  At  10  P.M.  met  a  ship  from  Portsmouth 
and  warned  it  of  the  dangers  of  the  Scilly  Islands. 


254  Popp's  Journal,  1777-1783. 

• 
September  6. — At  3  P.M.  were  off  Plymouth  and  fired  tor 

a  Pilot,  but  he  told  us  we  could  not  get  into  the  harbor  on 
account  of  the  fog,  so  we  kept  on — and  finally  reached 
Portsmouth  and  were  soon  safely  anchored.  We  were 
warmly  greeted  by  the  other  transports  for  it  was  reported 
that  we  had  been  lost. — 

September  13. — Were  put  on  another  ship, — the  Sibilla 
had  carried  834  soldiers,  besides  women  and  children.  We 
were  now  divided  and  half  put  on  another  transport.  The 
Sibilla  was  condemned. — 

September  19. — Set  out  for  Bremen,  after  taking  a  pilot. 

September  26. — Anchored  in  the  Thames  and  were  be- 
calmed for  several  days. 

October  1. — Sailed  at  last  and  then  saw  the  German  coast, 
— our  men  were  delighted  to  be  near  home  again. 

October  4- — In  sight  of  shore  and  saw  the  villages — 

October  7. — Reached  Bremerlee  and  anchored — ate  our 
last  English  provisions. 

October  8. — Got  into  small  sail  boats, — in  doing  so  the  wife 
of  one  of  the  soldiers  fell  into  the  water  with  400  Spanish 
Dollars, — and  was  lost. 

October  10. — Reached  Bremen, — remained  there  eight 
days. 

October  18. — Embarked  in  boats  drawn  by  horses. 

October  22. — Hoyen. 

October  24.. — Mmburg. 

October  25 — Stolzenau. 

October  26. — Schlisselburg. 

October  27. — Petershagen. 

October  28. — Minclen. 

November  2. — Hameln. 

November  17. — Left  our  boats  and  marched  until 

December  10 — when  we  reached  Bayreuth. 

The  author  begs  his  reader  to  excuse  his  bad  spelling,  and 
to  preserve  his  little  book,  for  it  gave  him  pleasure  to  recall 
his  campaign  in  America. 


Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet  255 


DEAN  TUCKEE'S  PAMPHLET. 

"A    LETTER   FROM   A   MERCHANT   IN   LONDON   TO    HIS   NEPHEW   IN 
NORTH   AMERICA,"    1766. 

(Concluded  from  page  90.) 

Now,  my  good  Friend,  I  will  not  stay  to  dispute  with 
you  the  Calculations,  on  which  your  Orators,  Philosophers, 
and  Politicians  have,  for  some  years  past,  grounded  these 
extravagant  Conceits ;  (though  I  think l  the  Calculations 
themselves  both  false,  and  absurd ;)  but  I  will  only  say,  that 
while  we  have  the  Power,  we  may  command  your  Obe- 
dience, if  we  please : — And  that  it  will  be  Time  enough 
for  you  to  propose  the  making  us  a  Province  to  America, 
when  you  shall  find  yourselves  able  to  execute  the  Project. 

In  the  mean  time,  the  great  Question  is,  What  Course 
are  we  to  take  ?  And  what  are  we  to  do  with  you  ;  before 
you  become  this  great  and  formidable  People  ? — Plain  and 
evident  it  is  by  the  whole  Tenor  of  your  Conduct,  that  you 
endeavour,  with  all  your  might,  to  drive  us  to  Extremities. 
For  no  kind  of  Outrage,  or  Insult  is  omitted  on  your  Part, 
that  can  irritate  Individuals,  or  provoke  a  Government  to 
chastise  the  Insolence,  not  to  say,  the  Eebellion  of  its  Sub- 
jects;2 and  you  do  not  seem  at  all  disposed  to  leave  Room 
for  an  Accomodation.  In  short,  the  Sword  is  the  only 
Choice,  which  you  will  permit  us  to  make ; — unless  we  will 
chuse  to  give  you  entirely  up,  and  subscribe  a  Recantation. 
Upon  those  Terms  indeed,  you  will  deign  to  acknowledge 
the  Power  and  Authority  of  a  British  Parliament : — That 

1  Your  Thought,  Mr  Dean,  avails  little  against  Fact.     [B.  F.] 

2  On  the  Contrary,  It  is  you  English  that  endeavour  by  every  kind  of 
Outrage  &  Insult  to  drive  us  to  Extremities.     Witness  your  Troops 
quarter' d  upon  us,  Your  Dissolution  of  our  Assemblies,  &c.  &c.  &c. 
[B.F.] 


256  Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet. 

is,  you  will  allow,  that  we  have  a  Eight  and  a  Power  to 
give  you  Bounties,  and  to  pay  your  Expences ; 1 — but  no 
other.  A  strange  Kind  of  Allegiance  this !  And  the  first 
that  has  ever  yet  appeared  in  the  History  of  Mankind ! 

However,  this  being  the  Case,  shall  we  now  compel  you, 
by  Force  of  Arms,  to  do  your  Duty  ? — Shall  we  procrasti- 
nate your  Compulsion  ? — Or  shall  we  entirely  give  you  up ; 
and  have  no  other  Connections  with  you,  than  if  you  had 
been  so  many  Sovereign  States,  or  Independent  Kingdoms  ? 
One  or  other  of  these  three  will  probably  be  resolved  upon. 
And  if  it  should  be  the  first,  I  do  not  think,  that  we  have 
any  Cause  to  fear  the  Event,  or  to  doubt  of  Success. 

For  though  your  Populace  may  rob  and  plunder  the 
naked  and  defenceless ;  this  will  not  do  the  Business,  when 
a  regular  Force  is  brought  against  them.  And  a  British 
Army,  which  performed  so  many  brave  Actions  in  Ger- 
many, will  hardly  fly  before  an  American  Mob;  not  to 
mention,  that  our  Officers  and  Soldiers,  who  passed  several 
Campaigns  with  your  Provincials  in  America,2  saw  nothing 
either  in  their  Conduct,  or  their  Courage,  which  could  in- 
spire them  with  a  Dread  of  seeing  the  Provincials  a  second 
time. — Neither  should  we  have  the  least  Cause  to  suspect 
the  Fidelity  of  our  Troops,  any  more  than  their  Bravery — 
notwithstanding  the  base  Insinuations  of  some  of  your 
Friends  here ;  (if  indeed  such  Persons  deserve  to  be  called 
your  Friends,  who  are  in  reality  your  greatest  Foes,  and 
whom  you  will  find  to  be  so  at  the  last ;)  notwithstanding, 
I  say,  their  Insinuations  of  the  Feasibility  of  corrupting  his 
Majesty's  Forces,  when  sent  over,  by  Means  of  large  Bribes, 
or  double  Pay.3  This  is  a  Surmise,  as  weak  as  it  is  wicked  : 
For  the  Honour  of  the  British  Soldiery,  let  me  tell  you,  is 
not  so  easily  corrupted.  The  French  in  Europe  never  found 
it  so,  with  all  their  Gold,  or  all  their  Skill  for  Intrigue,  and 
insinuating  Address.  "What  then,  in  the  Name  of  Wonder, 

1  We  desire  neither.      [B.  F.] 

2  And  who  did  little  or  nothing  without  'em.      [B.  F.] 

3  A  ridiculous  Imagination  of  the  Author's  own  Head  !     [B.  F.] 


Dean  jfucker's  Pamphlet.  257 

have  you  to  tempt  them  with  in  America,  which  is  thus  to 
overcome,  at  once,  all  their  former  sense  of  Duty,  all  the 
Tyes  of  Conscience,  Loyalty  and  Honour? — Besides,  my 
Friend,  if  you  really  are  so  rich,  as  to  be  able  to  give  double 
Pay,  to  our  Troops,  in  a  wrong  Cause ;  do  not  grudge,  let 
me  beseech  you,  to  give  one  third  of  single  Pay,  (for  we  ask 
no  more)  in  a  right  one : — And  let  it  not  be  said,  that  you 
complain  of  Poverty,  and  plead  an  Inability  to  pay  your 
just  Debts,  at  the  very  Instant  that  you  boast  of  the  scan- 
dalous Use,  which  you  intend  to  make  of  your  Riches.1 

But  notwithstanding  all  this,  I  am  not  for  having  Recourse 
to  Military  Operations.  For  granting,  that  we  shall  be  vic- 
torious ;  still  it  is  proper  to  enquire,  before  we  begin,  How 
are  we  to  be  benefited  by  our  Victories  ?  And  what  Fruits 
are  to  result  from  making  you  a  conquered  People  ? — Not 
an  Increase  of  Trade :  that  is  impossible :  For  a  Shop-keeper 
will  never  get  the  more  Custom  by  beating  his  Customers : 
And  what  is  true  of  a  Shop-keeper,  is  true  of  a  Shop-keep- 
ing Nation.  We  may  indeed  vex  and  plague  you,  by  sta- 
tioning a  great  Number  of  Ships  to  cruize  along  your  Coasts ; 
and  we  may  appoint  an  Army  of  Custom-house  Officers  to 
patrolle  (after  a  Manner)  two  thousand  Miles  by  Land.  But 
while  we  are  doing  these  Things  against  you,  what  shall  we 
be  doing  for  ourselves  ?  Not  much,  I  am  afraid :  For  we 
shall  only  make  you  the  more  ingenious,  the  more  intent, 
and  the  more  inventive  to  deceive  us.  We  shall  sharpen 
your  Wits,  which  are  pretty  sharp  already,  to  elude  our 
Searches,  and  to  bribe  and  corrupt  our  Officers.  And  after 
that  is  done,  we  may  perhaps  oblige  you  to  buy  the  Value 
of  twenty,  or  thirty  thousand  Pounds  of  British  Manufac- 
tures, more  than  you  would  otherwise  have  done; — at  the 
Expence  of  two,  or  three  hundred  thousand  Pounds  Loss 
to  Great  Britain,  spent  in  Salaries,  Wages,  Ships,  Forts,  and 
other  incidental  Charges.  Is  this  now  a  gainful  Trade,  and 
fit  to  be  encouraged  in  a  commercial  Nation,  so  many  Mil- 
lions in  Debt  already  ?  And  yet  this  is  the  best,  which  we 
1  A  silly  Lie !  No  such  Boast  was  ever  made.  [B.  F.] 
VOL.  XXVI. — 17 


258  Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet. 

% 

can  expect  by  forcing  you  to  trade  with  us,  against  your 
Wills,  and  against  your  Interests.1 

Therefore  such  a  Measure  as  this  being  evidently  detri- 
mental to  the  Mother  Country ;  I  will  now  consider  the 
Second  Proposal,  viz.  to  procrastinate  your  Compulsion. — 
But  what  good  can  that  do  ?  and  wherein  will  this  Expe- 
dient mend  the  Matter  ?  For  if  Recourse  is  to  be  had  at 
last  to  the  military  Power ;  we  had  better  begin  with  it  at 
first ; — it  being  evident  to  the  whole  World,  that  all  Delays 
on  our  side  will  only  strengthen  the  Opposition  on  yours, 
and  be  interpreted  by  you  as  a  Mark  of  Fear,  and  not  as  an 
Instance  of  Lenity. — You  swell  with  too  much  vain  Im- 
portance, and  Self  Sufficiency  already ;  and  therefore,  should 
we  betray  any  Token  of  Submission;  or  should  we  yield 
to  these  your  ill-humoured  and  petulant  Desires ;  this  would 
only  serve  to  confirm  you  in  your  present  Notions ;  viz.  that 
you  have  nothing  more  to  do,  than  to  demand  with  the 
Form  of  Authority,  and  to  insist  with  Threatenings,  and 
Defiance,  in  order  to  bring  us  upon  our  Knees,  and  to  com- 
ply with  every  unreasonable  Injunction,  which  you  shall  be 
pleased  to  lay  upon  us.  So  that  at  last,  when  the  Time 
shall  come  of  appealing  to  the  Sword,  and  of  deciding  our 
Differences  by  dint  of  Arms,  the  Consequence  of  this  Pro- 
crastination will  be,  that  the  Struggle  will  become  so  much 
the  more  obstinate,  and  the  Determination  the  more  bloody. 
Nay,  the  Merchants  themselves,  whose  Case  is  truly  pitiable 
for  having  confided  so  much  to  your  Honour,  and  for 
having  trusted  you  with  so  many  hundred  thousand  Pounds, 
or  perhaps  with  some  Millions  of  Property,  and  for  whose 
Benefit  alone  such  a  Suspension  of  the  Stamp  Act  could  be 
proposed;  they  will  find  to  their  Costs,  that  every  Indul- 
gence of  this  Nature  will  only  furnish  another  Pretence 
to  you  for  the  Suspending  of  the  Payment  of  their  just 
Demands.2  In  short,  you  declare,  that  the  Parliament  hath 

1  Here  appears  some  Sense.     [B.  F.] 

3  Infamous  Scandal,  without  the  least  Foundation.  The  Merchants 
never  receiv'd  better  Paym'  of  the  Debts,  than  during  the  Suspension 
of  the  Trade.  [B.  F.]  " 


Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet.  259 

no  Right  to  tax  you ;  and  therefore  you  demand  a  Renun- 
ciation of  the  Right,  by  repealing  the  Act.  This  being  the 
Case,  nothing  less  than  a  Repeal  can  be  satisfactory ;  because 
nothing  else  can  amount  to  a  Confession,  that  the  Parlia- 
ment has  acted  illegally  and  usurpingly  in  this  Affair.  A 
bare  Suspension  is  no  Acknowledgment  of  Guilt;  nay  it 
supposes  quite  the  contrary ;  and  only  postpones  the  Exer- 
cise of  this  usurped  Power  to  a  more  convenient  Season. 
Consequently  if  you  think  you  could  justify  the  Non-pay- 
ment of  your  Debts,  till  a  Repeal  took  place ;  you  certainly 
can  justify  the  Suspension  of  the  Payment  during  the  Sus- 
pension of  the  Act.1  So  that  after  all,  the  Question  must 
come  to  this  at  last,  viz.  Shall  we  repeal  the  Act,  and  Main- 
tain you  as  we  have  hitherto  done  ? 2  or  shall  we  give  you 
intirely  up,  unless  you  will  submit  to  be  governed  by  the 
same  Laws  as  we  are,  and  pay  something  towards  maintain- 
ing yourselves  ? 3 

The  first,  it  is  certain  we  cannot  do;  and  therefore  the 
next  Point  to  be  considered  is  (which  is  also  the  third  Pro- 
posal) Whether  we  are  to  give  you  entirely  up  ? — and  after 
having  obliged  you  to  pay  your  Debts,4  whether  we  are  to  have 
no  farther  Connection  with  you,  as  a  dependent  State,  or 
Colony. 

1  Never  any  Such  Justification  was  offered  by  any  American  what- 
ever, that  I  can  hear  of.  [B.  F.] 

8  Never!     [B.  F.] 

8  The  Impudence  of  this  Language  to  Colonies  who  have  ever  main- 
tained themselves  is  astonishing  !  Except  the  late  attempted  Colonies  of 
N.  Scotia  &  Georgia,  No  Colony  ever  received  Maintenance  in  any 
Shape  from  Britain :  And  the  Grants  to  those  Colonies  were  mere  Jobbs 
for  the  Benefit  of  ministerial  Favourites  :  English  or  Scotchmen.  [B.  F.] 

4  Throughout  all  America,  English  Debts  are  more  easily  recovered 
than  in  England,  the  Process  being  shorter  and  less  expensive,  &  Lands 
subject  to  Execution  for  the  Payment  of  Debts.  Evidence  taken  exparte 
in  England  to  prove  a  Debt  is  allowed  in  their  Courts  ;  and  during  the 
whole  Dispute  there  was  not  one  single  Instance,  of  an  English  Mer- 
chant's meeting  with  the  least  Obstruction  in  any  Process  or  Suit 
commenced  there  for  that  purpose.  I  defy  this  lying  Priest  to  mention 
one.  [B.  F.] 


260  Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet. 

% 
Now  in  order  to  judge  properly  of  this  Affair,  we  must 

give  a  Delineation  of  two  Political  Parties  contending  with 
each  other,  and  struggling  for  Superiority : — And  then  we 
must  consider,  which  of  these  two,  in  the  Nature  of 
Things,  must  be  first  tired  of  the  Contest,  and  obliged  to 
submit. 

Behold  therefore  a  Political  Portrait  of  the  Mother  Coun- 
try;— a  mighty  Nation  under  one  Government  of  a  King 
and  Parliament, — firmly  resolved  not  to  repeal  the  Act,  but 
to  give  it  time  to  execute  itself,1 — steady  and  temperate 
in  the  Use  of  Power, — not  having  Recourse  to  sanguinary 
Methods, — but  enforcing  the  Law  by  making  the  Disobe- 
dient feel  the  Want  of  it, — determined  to  protect  and 
cherish  those  Colonies,  which  will  return  to  their  Allegiance 
within  a  limited  Time  (suppose  Twelve  or  Eighteen  Months) 
— and  as  determined  to  compel  the  obstinate  Revolters  to 
pay  their  Debts, — then  to  cast  them  off,  and  to  exclude  them 
for  ever  from  the  manifold  Advantages  and  Profits  of  Trade, 
which  they  now  enjoy  by  no  other  Title,  but  that  of  being 
a  Part  of  the  British  Empire.  Thus  stands  the  Case ;  and 
this  is  the  View  of  Things  on  one  side.2 

Observe  again  a  Prospect  on  the  other ;  viz.  a  Variety  o± 
little  Colonies  under  a  Variety  of  petty  Governments, — 
Rivals  to,  and  jealous  of  each  other, — never  able  to  agree 
about  any  thing  before, — and  only  now  united  by  an  En- 
thusiastic Fit  of  false  Patriotism ; — a  Fit  which  necessarily 
cools  in  Time, — and  cools  still  the  faster  in  proportion,  as 
the  Object  which  first  excited  it  is  removed,  or  changed. 
So  much  as  to  the  general  Outlines  of  your  American 
Features ; — but  let  us  now  take  a  nearer  View  of  the  Evils, 
which  by  your  own  mad  Conduct  you  are  bringing  so 
speedily  upon  yourselves. 

Externally,  by  being  severed  from  the  British  Empire, 

1  It  did  indeed  execute  itself.     It  was  Felo  de  se  before  the  Parliament 
repeal'd  it.     [B.  F.] 

2  This  was  the  Dean's  wise  Proposal.     He  at  least,  thought  it  wise. 
The  Parlia*  thought  otherwise.      [B.  F.] 


Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet  261 

you  will  be  excluded  from  cutting  Logwood  in  the  Bays  of 
Campeachy  and  Honduras, — from  fishing  on  the  Banks  ot 
Newfoundland,  on  the  Coasts  of  Labrador,  or  in  the  Bay  of 
St.  Laurence,— from  trading  (except  by  Stealth)  with  the 
Sugar  Islands,  or  with  the  British  Colonies  in  any  Part  of 
the  Globe.  You  will  also  lose  all  the  Bounties  upon  the 
Importation  of  your  Goods  into  Great  Britain :  you  will  not 
dare  to  seduce  a  single  Manufacturer  or  Mechanic  from  us 
under  pain  of  Death ;  because  you  will  then  be  considered 
in  the  Eye  of  the  Law  as  mere  Foreigners,  against  whom 
these  Laws  were  made. — You  will  lose  the  Remittance  of 
300,000  1.  a  year  to  pay  your  Troops ;  *  and  you  will  lose  the 
Benefit  of  these  Troops  to  protect  you  against  the  In- 
cursions of  the  much  injured  and  exasperated  Savages;2 
moreover,  in  case  of  Difference  with  other  Powers,  you  will 
have  none  to  complain  to,  none  to  assist  you :  For  assure 
yourself,  that  Holland,  France,  and  Spain,  will  look  upon 
you  with  an  evil  Eye;  and  will  be  particularly  on  their 
Guard  against  you,  lest  such  an  Example  should  infect  their 
own  Colonies :  not  to  mention  that  the  two  latter  will  not 
care  to  have  such  a  Nest  of  professed  Smugglers  so  very 
near  them.3  And  after  all,  and  in  spite  of  any  thing  you 
can  do,  we  in  Britain  shall  still  retain  the  greatest  Part  of 

1  We  have  no  Use  for  Logwood  but  to  remit  it  for  your  Fineries. — 
We  join'd  in  conquering  the  Bay  of  St.  L.  &  its  Dependencies,  won't 
you  allow  us  some  Share. — The  Sugar  Islands,  if  you  wont  allow  us  to 
trade  with  them,  perhaps  you  will  allow  them  to  trade  with  us  ;  or  do 
you  intend  to  starve  them  ? — Pray  keep  your  Bounties,  and  let  us  hear 
no  more  of  them. — And  your  Troops  who  never  protected  us  against  the 
Savages,  nor  are  they  fit  for  such  Service.     And  the  300,000  £  which 
you  seem  to  think  so  much  clear  Profit  to  us,  when  in  fact,  they  never 
spend  a  Penny  among  us  but  they  have  for  it  from  us  a  Penny's  worth. 
— The   Manufactures  they  buy  are  brought  from  you,  the  Provisions 
we  could,   as   we  always   did,    sell   elsewhere  for  as  much    Money. 
[B.  F.] 

2  You  know  your  clear' d  Road  would  do  that.     [B.  F.] 

8  Holland,  Fr.  &  Spain,  would  all  be  glad  of  our  Custom.     And 
pleas' d  to  see  the  Separation.     [B.  F.] 


262  Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet. 

your  European  Trade ;  because  we  shall  give  a  better  Price 
for  many  of  your  Commodities  than  you  can  have  any 
where  else :  and  we  shall  sell  to  you  several  of  our  Manu- 
factures, especially  in  the  Woollen,  Stuff,  and  Metal  Way, 
on  cheaper  Terms.1  In  short,  you  will  do  then,  what  you 
only  do  now;  that  is,  you  will  trade  with  us,  as  far  as  your 
Interest  will  lead  you ; — and  no  farther. 

Take  now  a  Picture  of  your  internal  State.  When  the 
great  Power,  which  combined  the  scattered  Provinces  to- 
gether, and  formed  them  into  one  Empire,  is  once  thrown 
off;  and  when  there  will  be  no  common  Head  to  govern 
and  protect;  all  your  ill  Humours  will  break  forth  like  a 
Torrent:  Colony  will  enter  into  Bickerings  and  Disputes 
against  Colony;  Faction  will  intrigue  and  cabal  against 
Faction;  and  Anarchy  and  Confusion  will  every  where 
prevail.  The  Leaders  of  your  Parties  will  then  be  setting 
all  their  Engines  to  work,  to  make  Fools  become  the  Dupes 
of  Knaves,2 — to  bring  to  Maturity  their  half-formed  Schemes 
and  lurking  Designs,  and  to  give  a  Scope  to  that  towering 
Ambition,  which  was  checked  and  restrained  before.  In 
the  mean  time,  the  Mass  of  your  People,  who  expected,  and 
who  were  promised  Mountains  of  Treasures  upon  throwing 
off,  what  was  called,  the  Yoke  of  the  Mother  Country,  will 
meet  with  nothing  but  sore  Disappointments :  Disappoint- 
ments indeed !  For  instead  of  an  imaginary  Yoke,  they 
will  be  obliged  to  wear  a  real,  an  heavy,  and  a  galling  one : 
— instead  of  being  freed  from  the  Payment  of  100,000  1. 
(which  is  the  utmost  that  is  now  expected  from  them)  they 
will  find  themselves  loaded  with  Taxes  to  the  Amount  of  at 
least  400,000  1.  instead  of  an  Increase  of  Trade,  they  will 
feel  a  palpable  Decrease :  and  instead  of  having  Troops  to 
defend  them,3  and  those  Troops  paid  by  Great  Britain,  they 

1  Oho  !     Then  you  will  still  trade  with  us  !  but  can  that  be  without 
our  Trading  with  you  ?     And  how  can  you  buy  our  Oil  if  we  catch  no 
Whales?     [B.  F.] 

2  Just  as  they  do  in  England.      [B.  F.] 

s  To  oppress,  insult  &  murder  them,  as  at  Boston  !     [B.  F.] 


Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet.  263 

must  defend  themselves,  and  pay  themselves.  Nay,  the 
Number  of  the  Troops  to  be  paid,  will  be  more  than 
doubled:  for  some  must  be  stationed  in  the  back  Settle- 
ments to  protect  them  against  the  Indians,  and  others  on 
each  Frontier  to  prevent  the  Encroachments  of  each  Sister 
Colony. — Not  to  mention,  that  the  Expences  of  your  Civil 
Governments  will  be  necessarily  increased ;  and  that  a  Fleet, 
more  or  less,  must  belong  to  each  Province  for  guarding 
their  Coasts,  ensuring  the  Payment  of  Duties,  and  the 
like.1 

Under  these  Pressures  and  Calamities,  your  deluded  Coun- 
trymen will  certainly  open  their  Eyes  at  last.  For  Disap- 
pointments and  Distresses  will  effectuate  that  Cure,  which 
Reason  and  Argument,  Lenity  and  Moderation  could  not 
perform.  In  short,  having  been  severely  scourged  and  dis- 
ciplined by  their  own  Rod,  they  will  curse  their  ambitious 
Leaders,  and  detest  those  Mock-patriots,  who  involved  them 
in  so  many  Miseries.  And  having  been  surfeited  with  the 
bitter  Fruits  of  American  Republicanism,  they  will  heartily 
wish,  and  petition  to  be  again  united  to  the  Mother  Coun- 
try. Then  they  will  experience  the  Difference  between  a 
rational  Plan  of  Constitutional  Dependence,  and  the  wild, 
romantic  and  destructive  Schemes  of  popular  Independ- 
ence. 

And  you,  my  Boy,  after  you  have  played  the  Hero,  and 
spoke  all  your  fine  Speeches ; — after  you  have  been  a  Gus- 
tavus  Vasa,  and  every  other  brave  Deliverer  of  his  Coun- 
try ; — after  you  have  formed  a  thousand  Utopian  Schemes, 
and  been  a  thousand  times  disappointed; — perhaps  even 
you  may  awake  out  of  your  present  political  Trance,  and 
become  a  reasonable  Man  at  last.  And  assure  yourself, 

1  These  Evils  are  all  imaginations  of  the  Author.  The  same  were 
predicted  to  the  Netherlands,  but  have  never  yet  happened.  But  sup- 
pose all  of  them  together,  &  many  more,  it  would  be  better  to  bear 
them  than  submit  to  Parliamentary  Taxation  :  We  might  still  hare 
something  we  could  call  our  own :  But  under  the  Power  claim'd  by 
Parliam*  we  have  not  a  single  Sixpence.  [B.  F.] 


264  Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet. 

that  whenever  you  can  be  cured  of  your  present  Delirium, 
and  shall  betray  no  Symptoms  of  a  Relapse,  you  will  be 
received  with  Affection  by  your  old  Uncle,  your  true  Friend, 
and  faithful  Monitor, 

A.  B. 

FINIS. 

The  Author  of  this  Pamphlet  Dean  Tucker,  has  always  been 
haunted  with  the  Fear  of  the  Seat  of  Government  being  soon  to  be 
removed  to  America.  He  has  in  his  Tract  on  Commerce  some  just 
Notions  in  Matters  of  Trade  &  Politics,  mix'd  with  many  wild 
chimerical  Fancies,  totally  impracticable.  He  once  proposed  a  De- 
fence of  the  Colonies  to  clear  the  Woods  for  the  Width  of  a  Mile  all 
along  behind  them,  that  the  Indians  might  not  be  able  to  cross  the 
cleared  Part  without  being  seen  ;  forgetting  that  there  is  a  Night  in 
every  24  hours.  [B.  F.] 


Memoirs  of  Brigadier- General  John  Lacey,  of  Penna.     265 


MEMOIES    OF    BRIGADIER-GENERAL    JOHN    LACEY, 
OF  PENNSYLYANIA. 

(Concluded  from  page  111.) 

On  the  arrival  of  the  Brigade  at  Genl  Armstrongs  Camp 
my  Regiment  recd  Orders  to  proceed  to  the  Cross  Roads 
on  the  old  York  Road  near  the  Keshameny  Creek,  and  to 
take  Post  there,  to  which  place  we  continued  our  March, 
arrived  there  and  incamped  in  a  Woods  about  half  way 
between  the  Cross  Roads  and  a  Village  called  the  Billit  on 
the  20th  of  Decr  1777.  I  took  up  my  Quarters  in  a  House 
in  the  Rear  of  the  Camp,  and  for  the  first  time  I  had  slept 
in  a  Bead  since  I  Joined  the  Regiment  nearly  two  Months 
at  New  Town — having  only  Blankets  spread  on  the  Ground 
a  good  bead  was  no  dispisable  article  at  this  season  the 
Weather  being  very  Cold ;  but  the  indulgence  was  of  short 
duration,  and  only  served  as  a  contrast  to  the  vicisitudes 
which  were  to  follow. — It  was  late  in  the  evening  of  the 
same  day  of  the  date  of  the  following  Order  when  it  arrived 
we  had  only  time  to  get  ready  before  the  Hour  arrived 
when  we  were  to  set  off  on  the  Execution  of  it. 

SIR 

In  persuance  ol  Orders  I  have  recd  this  Evening  from  his 
Excellency  Genl  Washington  you  are  to  March  your  Bat- 
talion tomorrow  morning  at  5  oClock  to  lower  end  of  Ger- 
mantown  where  you  will  be  joined  by  other  Troops  &  receive 
farther  orders :  One  ax,  is  to  be  taken  along  by  each  Com- 
pany and  all  the  Provision  they  have  dressed.  No  Waggons 
or  Baggage.  Each  man  takes  his  Blankets. — You  are  to 
leave  a  small  Guard  at  your  Camp  to  take  care  of  any 


• 
266     Memoirs  of  Brigadier- General  John  Lacey,  of  Penna. 

Prisoners  you  may  have  and  your  Baggage — If  you  over- 
take any  Persons  going  or  Meet  any  coming  from  Town, 
send  them  with  a  few  men  under  guard  to  join  Present 
Camp. 

I  am  sir 

Your  obedient  &  very  Humble 
Sert 

JOHN  ARMSTRONG. 
COL.  LACEY 

CAMP  NEAR  BARTHOLEMIES 
Dec  23rd  1777 

having  joined  the  whole  body  of  the  Pennsyl*  Militia  at 
Grermantown  at  the  Hour  appointed  in  the  foregoing  order 
the  whole  marched  toward  the  City  We  drove  in  the 
Enemies  Pickets  and  commenced  an  attack  at  long  shot 
with  a  few  field  peices  &  small  arms  on  a  Redoubt  thrown 
up  by  the  Enemy  on  a  nole  some  distance  from  the  City  in 
the  Northern  liberties — Our  fire  was  returned  from  the  Re- 
doubt by  some  heavy  Cannon  the  balls  of  which  plowd  up 
the  Ground  about  us — threw  some  dirt  on  us ;  but  did  us  no 
other  harm,  we  retired  beyond  the  reach  of  their  Cannon, 
remained  about  two  Hours  under  arms,  when  orders  came 
to  return  to  our  former  Camp  near  the  Cross  Roads  I 
understood  a  corrispondent  Party  from  the  Main  Army 
had  moved  down  on  the  opposate  side  of  the  schoolkill; 
but  for  what  austenciable  object  this  movement  was  made, 
I  never  learn't  no  other  occurence  worth  relating  hap- 
pened during  the  time  of  this  Corps  of  the  Militia — The  two 
months  service  longer  than  which  they  could  not  be  re- 
tained in  the  field  expired  the  last  of  this  Month — I  had 
only  time  to  have  them  Mustered  and  paid;  before  they 
were  discharged,  every  one  as  well  officers  as  Men  tho'  glad 
to  be  released  from  the  ardious  duty  discippline  of  a  Military 
life,  seme  to  leave  the  Camp  and  their  brother  soldiers  with 
evident  regret.  I  had  kept  a  strict  discipline  being  always 
present  and  partaking  of  every  privation,  equally  accepting 


Memoirs  of  Brigadier- General  John  Lacey,  of  Penna.     267 

of  Camp  fare  with  them  both  night  and  Day,  instantly 
checking  &  regulating  misunderstandings  on  the  moment 
of  their  appearance.  The  Eegiment  resembled  that  of  a 
Band  of  Brothers  &  departed  well  satisfyed  with  their 
officers  and  in  good  humour  with  each  other. 

Thiss  ended  the  Campain  of  the  year,  77,  The  main 
British  Army  under  Genl.  Howe  Coobed  up  in  the  City  of 
Philada — The  American  Army  under  Genl.  Washington  in 
Hutts  at  the  Valley  Forge.  The  tumult  and  noise  of  War 
seme  to  be  over.  The  Combatants  retiring  to  their  homes  or 
other  places  of  safety  to  repose  for  the  Winter.  I  return  to 
my  Fathers  in  Buckingham  Township,  with  but  little  hopes 
of  enjoying  much  Comfort,  as  the  Tories  &  Refugees  began 
to  threaten  hard  against  my  life,  and  to  burn  my  Fathers 
House  and  Mills.  They  had  become  bold  &  daring,  used 
many  threats  and  menances  against  the  Whigs,  threatning 
great  venjence  against  all  who  offered  to  oppose  them  as 
to  my  own  part  I  disregarded  them  or  their  Menances  but 
I  was  mortifyed  to  find  the  Whigs,  Who  had  before  been 
active  were  seeking  hiding  places,  and  some  of  them  even 
Courting  the  Tories  for  Safety.  An  almost  open  and  un- 
interupted  intercourse  existed  between  the  disaffected  in 
the  lower  part  of  Bucks  and  Philad*  Counties  along  the 
vicinity  of  the  River  Delaware,  and  the  Enemy  in  the  City 
of  Philad*.  I  had  serious  thoughts  myself  of  removing 
further  from  the  City.  These  were  indeed  the  times  that 
really  tryed  rnens  Souls;  but  before  I  had  time  to  adopt 
any  resolution,  only  being  a  few  days  at  Home  I  recd  a 
letter  from  the  President  of  the  Executive  Council  of  Pennsy* 
covering  a  Commission  from  that  Body  to  me  of  a  Brigadier 
Genl.  of  the  Militia  requiring  me  immediately  to  Join  them 
Encamped  near  Graham  Park  in  Philad*  County.  I  was 
almost  induced  to  reject  the  Commission,  on  account  of  the 
very  great  and  intire  responsibility  the  Command  of  the 
Militia  at  this  time  must  lay  me  under  Gen.  Potter  was  to 
leave  them,  Genl.  Armstrong  was  already  gone — I  was  to 
command  alone,  no  one  to  advise  or  consult  with.  I  fore- 


268     Memoirs  of  Brigadier-General  John  Lacey,  of  Penna. 

saw  many  and  weighty  occurences  unavoidable,  that  I 
knew  must  happen  but  I  did  not  contemplate  Ninety  nine 
of  a  Thousand  I  afterward  experienced,  or  I  should  doubt- 
less shrunk  from  such  an  important  undertaking.  Had  I 
been  supported  as  the  Executive  Council  promised  with 
men  and  provision,  the  rigor  of  my  Command  would  have 
been  greatly  alliviated,  and  of  more  use  to  my  Country,  I 
had  no  one  to  consult  with  on  whose  council  I  could  rely  on, 
my  Father  being  from  home,  he  had  gone  to  the  State  ot 
Maryland  to  visit  his  old  friend  Joseph  Ellicott.  Colo1  Kirk- 
bride  was  in  the  Legislature  at  Lancaster,  his  advice  would 
have  had  great  weight  in  my  decision,  while  deliberating 
on  the  subject  I  recd  a  pressing  letter  from  Genl  Potter  to 
come  to  Camp — I  determined  to  go  and  consult  with  him 
on  the  subject,  unfortunately  for  me  he  departed  the  Day 
before  my  arrival.  I  found  the  Camp  in  a  deplorable  con- 
dition, Major  Genl.  Armstrong  and  Genl.  Potter  gone,  the 
numbers  of  Troops  reduced  from  three  thousand  to  about 
six  Hundred :  Those  lately  departed  left  their  Camp  Equi- 
page strewed  every  where,  Muskets,  Cartouchboxes,  Camp 
kittles  and  Blankets,  some  in  and  some  out  of  the  Huts  the 
Men  had  left,  with  here  and  there  a  Tent — some  standing 
and  some  fallen  down.  No  one  seeming  to  have  the  charge 
or  care  of  them  my  first  efforts  were  made  to  have  them 
Collected  and  sent  off'  to  a  place  of  safety,  how  easy  would 
it  have  been  for  a  few  of  the  Enemy  to  have  driven  the 
Scattered  Militia,  at  different  posts  on  the  Eoads  to  Philada 
few  of  them  not  more  than  sixty  rank  &  file  being  at  this 
Camp,  the  distraction  of  Near  three  thousand  stand  of 
Arms  and  accoutrements  here  might  have  been  easily 
effected — which  they  moust  sertainly  would  have  done,  had 
they  known  the  real  situation  and  unprotected  state  they 
were  in. 

Before  I  proceed  to  enumerate  the  occurences  that  in- 
sued  during  the  "Winter  of  1778  I  will  close  the  Campain 
of  77,  by  producing  the  Orders  of  Council  to  show  the 
Ardent  manner  they  injoined  the  Lieut  and  Sub  Lieut  to 


Memoirs  of  Brigadier-General  John  Lacey,  of  Penna.     269 

execute  the  duty  alloted  them — some  things  will  be  here 
unfolded  which  the  Lieut,  got  much  blame  for  at  the  time, 
espessially  from  the  Tories  and  disaffected  part  of  the  People, 
some  of  them  are  in  print  the  originals  will  be  added  to 
these  sheats. 

PHILAD*  April  25th  1777. 

To  JOSEPH  KIRKBRIDE  ESQR 

Lieut  of  the  County  of  Bucks 
SIR 

Agreeably  to  the  inclosed  resolve  oi  Congress  and  with 
the  advice  of  the  Board  of  War,  I  have  determined  that  the 
Counties  of  Philada,  Bucks,  Cumberland,  Berks  and  North- 
ampton send  their  proportion  of  Militia  to  Bristol  to  form  a 
Camp,  at  or  near  that  Borrough.  The  Counties  of  Chester, 
Lancaster  and  York  to  form  a  Camp  at  or  near  Chester. — 
Your  County  is  to  furnish  four  hundred  Men  to  march 
immediately  to  Bristol,  with  as  many  arms  and  accoutre- 
ments as  can  be  procured  in  the  County.  If  the  first  class 
does  not  amount  to  that  number,  the  second  class  are  also  to 
march. 

You  are  to  procure  by  purchase  or  otherwise  a  Blanket 
for  each  man,  which  are  to  remain  the  property  of  the 
State.  Money  will  be  sent  you  for  this  purpose.  If  they 
cannot  be  purchased,  they  must  be  impressed  and  their 
value  paid,  this  is  to  be  done  in  a  way  that  will  give  the 
least  offence.  You  are  to  exert  yourself  to  the  utmost  to 
comply  with  this  Order,  with  all  possible  expidition  as  the 
Enemy  are  preparing  to  make  an  immediate  attack  on  this 
State. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  with  great  respect  your  most  ob* 

Humb1  Serv* 

THOS.  WHARTON  JR  President 

PHILADA  11th  Sept  1777. 
IN  COUNCIL 

As  the  Enemy  is  near  at  hand  and  this  moment  Ingaging 
our  Army  under  the  Command  of  Gen1  Washington. 
Ordered,  That  every  able  Bodied  Man  in  the  County  of 


270     Memoirs  of  Brigadier- General  John  Lacey,  of  Penna. 

Bucks  turn  out  with 'his  Arms,  accoutraments  and  Blankets, 
and  that  those  that  cannot  furnish  themselves  with  Arms, 
to  take  With  them  Axes,  spades  and  every  other  kind  of 
Intrenching  Tools,  and  that  Colo18  Roberts,  Ervine,  and 
Heller,  randesvous  at  the  sweeds  Ford,  and  that  Colo9 
Toom  and  McHwain  randevous  at  this  City. 
Extract  from  the  Minutes 

TY  MATLACK  Seer*.1 

1  Here  the  manuscript  ends. 


Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House."     271 


LETTEBS  OF  PKESIDENTS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 
AND   "LADIES   OF  THE   WHITE  HOUSE." 

(Concluded  from  page  125.) 

PRIVATE. 

WASHINGTON  CITY 

January  13th  1860  [1861] 
HON.  JOHN  TRIMBLE 

MY  DEAR  SIR 

Your  letter  of  the  27th  ult  was  received  a  few  days  since 
and  was  read  with  pleasure  &  interest  and  would  have  been 
answered  sooner;  but  for  the  great  press  upon  me  at 
this  time  mentally  and  physically — And  now  write  for  the 
purpose  of  tendering  to  you  my  sincere  thanks  for  such 
a  letter ;  for  under  the  circumstances  I  needed  just  such 
a  letter — While  I  was  gratified  to  know  that  the  views 
taken  and  the  doctrines  laid  down  in  my  speech  met  the 
approbation  of  one  esteemed  so  highly  for  talent  and  ster- 
ling integrity  it  was  encouraging  to  press  on  the  cause  of 
right  and  if  possible  thereby  to  save  the  Govmt  from 
Treason  and  disruption — I  repeat  I  was  more  than  gratified 
to  recieve  words  of  encourgment  from  such  a  source — 
There  has  been  an  attempt  here  as  in  So*  Ca'  to  get  up  a 
reign  of  terror  like  that  in  Charleston,  for  the  purpose  of 
silencing  the  timid  and  to  carry  the  hesitating  along  with 
them,  and  have  here  as  well  as  there  succeeded  to  some 
extent.  I  think  the  true  policy  for  Tennessee  to  persue  is, 
not  to  be  committed  to  any  moves  that  are  now  making — 
There  is  no  good  reason  why  we  should  act  in  such  haste — 
Tennessee  had  better  stay  where  she  is  until  she  can  see 
very  clearly  where  she  can  do  better — If  there  is  a  conven- 
tion called  by  the  Legislature  let  it  be  put  off  to  the  latest 
period  so  that  the  people  can  have  time  to  understand  the 
whole  question  and  the  follies  of  So'  Ca'  can  be  made  fully 


272     Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House.' 

manifest — I  do  not  see  why  there  should  be  any  Convention 
at  all  at  present — The  States  which  have  seceeded  would  not 
wait  to  consult  the  other  States,  and  we  should  now  have 
the  full  benefit  of  their  future  proceedings. 

My  opinion  is  that  if  Tennessee  will  stand  firm  that  in 
the  end  she  can  and  will  act  a  very  important  part  in 
bringing  back  the  seceding  states  into  the  Confederacy,  in- 
stead of  being  dragged  out  of  the  Union  or  drawn  into  a 
Southern  Confederacy  by  them.  I  think  and  am  satisfied 
that,  if  the  middle  states  will  remain  in  union  that  they 
can  obtain  any  reasonable  guarantee  they  may  demand  from 
the  northern  states  which  will  protect  and  secure  slave 
property  in  the  border  states,  which  would  be  much  better 
than  being  separated  into  two  hostile  powers  and  that  hos- 
tility resulting  from  the  instutution  of  Slavery — It  would  in 
fact  be  moving  Canada  down  to  our  northern  border  with 
the  difference  of  one  being  friendly  and  the  other  hostile — 
It  will  be  as  hard  for  the  border  states  to  agree  with  So' 
Ca'  (and  the  gulf  states  as  they  are  called)  upon  a  form  ot 
Govmt  as  it  would  be  with  the  northern  States.  And  it 
this  doctrine  of  secession  is  to  become  a  fixed  principle  in 
any  Govmt  which  may  be  organized  including  So'  Ca' — It 
would  hardly  be  six  weeks  before  some  of  them  would  be 
for  withdrawing  again — I  do  not  see  what  we  are  to  gain  by 
the  operation  except  it  is  to  be  involved  in  the  quarrels  ot 
So'  Ca'  and  to  incur  the  inormus  expense  of  building  an- 
other Govmt,  Navy,  Army  &c.  I  can  see  no  good  reason 
why  the  state  should  be  now  involved  in  buying  large 
amount  of  arms — The  Genl  Govmt  is  not  going  to  make 
war  upon  Tennessee  nor  no  other  state — unless  we  intend 
to  join  So'  Ca'  in  making  war  upon  the  Genl  Govmt  which 
I  hope  we  are  not  prepared  to  do — However  this  matter 
which  must  be  determined  by  future  developments — If 
Tennessee  will  stay  where  she  is,  that  is  in  the  Union  there 
will  be  no  necessity  to  run  the  state  in  debt  as  some  of  the 
states  have  been  doing — South  Carolina  now  begins  to  feel 
the  wait  of  her  folly  with  debt  created  in  a  few  weeks  of 


Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House"     273 

nearly  a  million  and  a  half  of  dollars — The  federal  Govmt 
does  not  intend  to  make  war  upon  So'  Ca'  but  she  seems 
determined  to  make  war  upon  the  Govmt  and  in  fact  has 
done  so  in  seizing  the  public  property  and  in  firing  upon 
the  "  Star  West"  while  sailing  under  the  flag  of  the  IT.  S. 
I  hope  that  Tenn  will  keep  out  of  the  present  move  until 
she  can  see  and  understand  what  course  she  ought  to  take. 
I  must  be  candid  and  speak  of  the  move  as  believe  it 
ought  to  be  spoken  of — The  ostensible  object  is  to  obtain 
protection  in  regard  to  slave  property — This  is  in  my 
opinion  a  pretext  and  not  the  real  design.  The  intention  is 
to  disrupt  the  Govmt  and  then  to  form  one  in  the  South  as 
far  removed  from  the  people  as  they  can  get  it — There  is 
not  merely  a  conspiracy  on  foot  against  the  existing  Govm't; 
but  the  liberty  of  the  great  mass  of  the  people — Treason  is 
rife  in  the  land  and  the  Country  full  of  Traitors — They  are 
moving  heaven  and  earth  to  carry  the  country  before  there 
is  time  for  reflection  by  arousing  their  apprehensions  in 
reference  to  slave  property.  If  we  were  in  a  Southern  Con- 
federacy now  Tennessee  would  have  her  own  slave  property 
to  protect  none  of  the  states  south  of  her  would  have  it  do, 
So  as  to  the  protection  of  slave  property  we  have  that  to  do 
our  selves  either  in  a  Northern  or  Southern  Confederacy. 
Then  what  are  we  to  gain  by  precipitating  Tennessee  out 
of  the  Union  without  knowing  where  we  are  going  or 
what  we  are  going  to  do — I  do  hope  that  Tennessee  may 
be  kept  out  of  this  treasonable  revolutionary  move  and 
when  she  does  move  let  her  steps  be  guided  by  wisdom, 
discretion,  and  moderation.  As  to  all  the  effigy  burning 
and  rabble  denunciations  I  care  not,  or  the  abuse  of  a  sub- 
sidized and  mendacious  press,  neither  the  one  or  the  other 
will  draw  me  from  a  discharge  of  my  duty — I  feel  and 
believe  that  the  best  Govmt  in  the  world  is  in  the  most 
iminent  peril,  that  traitors  are  trying  to  overthrow  it,  and 
God  being  willing,  to  the  utmost  of  my  ability  I  intend  to 
expose  and  rebuke  the  vile  miscreants  who  are  engaged  in 
the  nefarious  work — I  merely  sit  down  to  acknowledge  the 
VOL.  xxvi. — 18 


274     Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House" 

receipt  of  your  very  welcome  letter   and  hope  you  will 
pardon  this  incoherent  scrawl. 

The  speeches  you  mentioned  in  your  letter  have  been 
sent.  I  thank  you  for  your  kind  offer,  all  they  will  cost 
will  he  your  trouble  of  distribution  — 

May  God  and  the  people  save  the  Country  —  for  I  fear 
Congress  will  not. 

You  will  please  accept 

assurances  of  my  high  esteem 
and  sincere  regard 

ANDREW  JOHNSON.* 


HOME, 

Nov.  24th  1878. 
MR.  GEORGE  "W.  CHILDS, 

DEAR  SIR, 

It  will  afford  me  great  pleasure  to  furnish  you  with  a 
letter  of  my  dear  Father  to  bind  with  your  letters  of  Presi- 
dents. All  family  letters  were  lost  or  destroyed  during  the 
late  war. 

At  an  early  day  I  will  look  over  all  I  have  in  my  posses- 
sion and  make  enquiry  among  old  friends  and  if  I  find  one 
I  think  suitable  I  will  forward  at  once. 

Very  Respectfully 

MARTHA  J.  PATTERSON.2 

HEAD  QUARTERS,  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  TN. 

YICKSBURG  Miss.  July  14th  1863 
SURGEON  J.  MOORE, 

MEDICAL  DIRECTOR. 
SIR, 

Gen.  Smith,  C.  S.  A.  complains  that  the  prisoners  in 
hospitals,  in  many  cases  have  not  received  proper  supplies 
of  either  medicine  or  food.  In  some  cases  the  sick  have 
only  had  hard  bread  and  pork  although  requisitions  have 
been  sent  to  the  Medical  Purveyor  for  articles  required. 

I  wish  you  would  have  this  matter  enquired  into  as  soon 

1  Dreer  Collection,  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 
J  Ibid. 


Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House."     275 

as  possible  and  have  everything  necessary  for  the  health  and 
comfort  of  those  confined  in  hospital  supplied. 

Let  me  know  the  facts  about  those  supplies  being  fur- 
nished as  soon  as  you  can. 

Very  Respectfully 

U.  S.  GRANT.1 

Maj.  Gen. 

EXECUTIVE  MANSION 

April  18th  1870 
MY  DEAR  MRS.  CHILDS 

Your  kind  invitation  is  a  great  temptation  for  me  but  one 
I  shall  have  to  resist  having  so  much  to  do  just  now  at 
home — attending  to  the  summer  shopping  for  the  chil- 
dren &c. 

Please  present  my  regards  to  Mr.  Childs  &  thank  him 
for  the  fine  photograph  of  Mr.  Borie — it  is  indeed  very  fine 
&  I  prize  it  highly. 

All  join  me  in  regards  to  yourself  &  Mr.  Childs. 
I  will  close  with  the  hope  of  an  early  meeting  at  Long 
Branch. 

Yours  truly 

JULIA  D.  GRANT.2 


JERSEY  CITY,  N.  J., 

Oct.  28,  1879. 
To  HON.  G.  W.  CHILDS, 

Philadelphia,  Penna. 
DEAR  SIR  : 

It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  heartily  thank  you  for  your 
agreeable  letter.  I  hope  my  son  will  ever  so  act  during  the 
remainder  of  his  life  as  ta  command  the  respect  of  the 
people  and  win  the  love  of  all  of  his  acquaintances. 

I  promise  to  myself  much  pleasure  from  the  reading  of 
the  very  attractive  volume  which  you  were  so  good  as  to 

1  Dreer  Collection,  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

2  Ibid. 


276     Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House." 

send  to  me — it  came  to  me  in  perfect  order,  and  for  the 
beautiful  book  I  would  thank  you  with  much  emphasis. 

With  great  respect, 

Your  Friend, 

HANNAH  GRANT 

SPIEGEL  GROVE 
FREMONT,  O. 

25  Nov.  1882 
MY  DEAR  SIR  : 

Your  kind  invitation  for  this  evening  came  during  my 
absence  from  home,  or  it  would  have  received  an  earlier 

reply. 

I  would  like  very  much  to  attend  a  meeting  of  the  Satur- 
day Club,  and  my  regret  is  more  than  the  usual  formality, 
that  I  can't  do  so. 

With  thanks  and  best  wishes 
Sincerely 

R.  B.  HAYES  l 
MR.  A.  J.  DREXEL 

PHIL  A. 

EXECUTIVE  MANSION, 

WASHINGTON. 
MY  DEAR  MRS.  MOHUN, — 

This  morning  as  I  passed  through  the  Conservatory  the 
bright  blooming  plants  seemed  to  say,  Send  iis  to  cheer  the 
sick  room  with  our  freshness  and  fragrance,  and  so,  asking 
you  to  accept  them  as  an  evidence  of  my  true  friendship 
and  sympathy,  I  send  them. 

Sincerely 

LUCY  W.  HAYES.2 

WASHINGTON  Jan.  30,  1865 
DEAR  SIR  , 

Your  favor  of  the  28th  is  received.  I  thank  you  for  your 
kind  expressions  concerning  me  and  my  efforts  in  public 
life,  and  I  particularly  thank  you  for  your  noble  course 

1  Dreer  Collection,  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 
«  Ibid. 


Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House."     277 

towards  my  dear  old  chief,  Gen.  Rosecrans.  I  regard  his 
case  as  standing  almost  alone  in  military  history — Is  there 
another  example  of  a  General  who  made  three  great  and 
successful  campaigns — and  at  the  end  of  each  was  removed 
by  his  government  and  sent  into  Exile  ?  He  is  now  at  his 
home — Yellow  Springs,  Greene  Co.,  Ohio — where  he  will 
be  pleased  I  have  no  doubt  to  receive  from  you  any  word  ot 
recognition  and  kindness — 

I  shall,  in  a  few  days,  introduce  a  resolution,  directing 
the  Committee  on  the  Conduct  of  the  War,  to  investigate 
and  report  upon  Gen.  R's  campaigns — beginning  with  that 
in  Western  Ya. — where  he  outgeneraled  and  expelled  Lee 
from  the  territory.  Indeed  Gen.  R.  may  strictly  be  said  to 
be  the  only  man  that  has  completely  beaten  Lee  in  a 
campaign — 

Enclosed  please  find  a  speech  which  I  delivered  on  the 
Constitutional  amendment  to  abolish  Slavery — I  also  send 
you  a  Globe  containing  a  short  speech  I  made  last  week  on 
admitting  Heads  of  Departments  to  the  floor  of  the  House. 

I  beg  to  apologize  for  my  speeches  as  not  having  the 
ornate  character  of  elaborately  prepared  addresses.  They 
are  all  made  as  the  current  of  debate  dictated — and  not 

written. 

Yery  Truly  Yours 

J.  A.  GARFIELD  l 

DEAR  MRS.  CHILDS 

Accept  our  thanks  for  your  lovely  flowers.  Each  hour 
my  heart  is  touched  with  some  expression  of  the  tenderness 
felt  for  our  poor  suffering  man,  and  my  "  faith"  and  "  hope" 
are  sustained  by  this  great  loving  kindness.  Present  our 

kindest  regards  to  Mr.  Childs. 

Yery  Sincerely 

Yours 

LUCRETIA  R.  GARFIELD.2 
Thursday  P.M., 

Sept.  8th  1881. 

1  Dreer  Collection,  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania..          2  Ibid. 


I 

278     Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House." 

EXECUTIVE  MANSION 
WASHINGTON 

February  18,  1882. 
MY  DEAR  MR.  CHILDS:  , 

I  beg  to  thank  you  for  your  kind  letter  of  the  6th  instant, 
and  for  a  copy  of  the  Ledger  containing  an  article  which  I 
have  read  with  much  interest. 

Very  faithfully  yours, 

CHESTER  A.  ARTHUR.1 
GEORGE  "W.  CHILDS  ESQ. 

EXECUTIVE  MANSION 
WASHINGTON 

April  2d  1890 

MY  DEAR  SIR 

I  am  very  much  obliged  to  you  for  placing  in  my  posses- 
sion the  old  letter  of  my  kinsman  Benjamin  Harrison  Jr., 
of  Berkley  Va.  It  is  an  interesting  family  relic. 

Very  Sincerely  Yours, 

BENJ.    HARRISON.2 

To  FERDINAND  J.  DREER  ESQ. 


EXECUTIVE  MANSION 
WASHINGTON 

May  29th  1889 
MY    DEAR    MlSS    SCHROPP. 

Your  "  Moravian  Rag  Baby"  came  in  this  morning's 
mail.  I  cannot  thank  you  enough  for  the  loving  and  kind 
thoughts  that  prompted  the  sending  of  it  to  our  dear  Grand 
Child.  He  took  to  it  very  kindly — although  he  is  a  boy — 
for  the  first  thing  I  saw  this  morning  after  I  returned  from 
my  breakfast  was  Benjamin  carrying  it  around. 

These  children  are  very  dear  to  us,  and  Benjamin  being 
named  for  his  Grandpa,  and  also  looking  very  much  like 
the  President,  he  has  a  very  warm  place  in  our  hearts. 

1  Dreer  Collection,  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 
1  Ibid. 


Letters  of  Presidents  and  "Ladies  of  the  White  House"     279 

Any  thing  done  for  his  comfort  and  happiness,  draws  the 
giver  very  near  us.  With  many  thanks  for  your  thoughtful 
kindness, 

I  am  truly, 

CAROLINE  SCOTT  HARRISON. 
Miss  RUTH  C.  SCHROPP, 

BETHLEHEM,  PENNA. 


280     Step  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


(M 
b- 


w 

b 

cc 


a 

71 


O         p»     >•* 

<M 

/-•««-(        ^^bc«2            e+->        ^-»®03 

d 

•      4J 

IS^a.s33     °^§^^ 
S  §*  ^  rl  2  a     ^-s^ 

£^-Su        *       .SPfl'S^^ 

•  S**!  .-  *«w  §^ 

Telemo] 
tnmander 

1  .a  -8" 

i  £« 

1  8 

.•3  2 

^S^^^ifijw)        §f  *o 

r-'g^J^                SO^SM-d 

o    ^^  ^  ,3    *    cT  >>«  .2    1    § 

cttoj      g^^fl^      £a§ 

P«  a^l^  S  1  «  a'S  11 

^^^I1w^|^£6^ 

Sampson, 
Phenix,  Coi 

rCj        ^ 

ci                                                      ^- 

H                                   H 

3              3               g4          ^ 

CO 

2       3     hD 

«fH-i     J§  1 

Tfl 

03 

^      l|?   C 

i  1  1  1  1  1      1  1  s  i 

1  f^  {£  ^  g  ^             g^o^ 

1° 

§  a  5  f. 

^^ZH^KS^                      ^Sos^ 
JOaj^HMO                      ciS^® 

| 

a  §  a 
^  5  ^  ^ 

^  H  >-9  f 

H1I|^         lya 

^       OQ  H  O                     OQ  !^  O 

c 

"e 

.- 

o 

Q 

1  II 
1  p 

1                       5 

1         ! 

o  "S 

PH   P  i 

8                           1 

O                                   t-s 

b 

1      8    g 

K*-                                                                 02 

o                                      o> 

S^ 

rH     10 


w 


Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775.     281 


fe 


I 
1 
I 


1  3 

O  i  »pH 

1  I 

a  5 

.2  3 

H  S 


II 
I" 


I 

O> 

PQ 


I     I 


282     ^>  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


•! 

a 
I 

IS 


1? 

w 


•2, 


•Z 
% 

S 


TS 
§ 

'b 

<3 

S 


B 


•a 
I 

*J3 

PH 


W 
S 

w 

Q 
3 

S 

PH 
fe 

O 


to 


w 


,rj 
& 


d 
f 

T^ 
cs 

w 


.§ 
I 

s 

§ 

^a 

o 
to 


to 

OH 
§ 

to 

| 


I 
to 


Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1786-1775.     283 


H 

£ 


Newberry 


284     Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


•a 


§ 
I 


4<f 

§»*H 
K            h3                                                                 <A 

2 

wj 

3 

(—  1 
h-t 

A            -  a             s 

P* 

^ 

F  PHILADELPI 

Owners 
James  Cowles 

3 
^\ 

1 

1 

M 

««-l 

O 

1 

^ 

William  Fisher 

1         ^             o  I  g          A 
f|Jl|l^l|     1 

Gustavus  Brown 

1 

'A 

*£ 

^3    o 
°rg 

fl      ^ 
1^ 

Preston  Paine 

Mathew  Clarkson 

o> 

1 

3 

(^, 

* 

continued.  ) 

JS 


60 

5 
o 


"bo 


The  Late  Ferdinand  Julius  Dreer.  285 


Gbe  late  fertnnanb  Julius  Dreer. 

We  regret  to  announce  the  death  of  Ferdinand  Julius 
Dreer,  an  Honorary  Yice-President  of  the  Historical  Society 
of  Pennsylvania,  which  occurred  on  May  24,  1902,  in  this 
city,  where  he  was  born  March  2,  1812.  He  was  elected  a 
life  member  December  13, 1852,  and  at  the  date  of  his  death 
was  the  oldest  member  of  the  Publication  Fund. 

Mr.  Dreer  enjoyed  a  well-merited  reputation  for  philan- 
thropy, and  was  also  known  for  many  years  as  a  collector  of 
autograph  letters.  In  1890  he  generously  presented  to  the 
Historical  Society  "  The  Dreer  Collection  of  Manuscripts," 
one  of  the  most  valuable  collections  of  autographs  and  rare 
historical  documents  made  by  a  private  collector.  It  is 
arranged  topically  in  volumes,  and  among  the  upwards  ot 
one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  manuscripts  of  special 
interest  to  students  of  American  history  are  eighty-five 
letters  of  Washington  (including  the  last  letter  written  by 
him),  forty-three  letters  of  William  Penn,  two  sets  of  the 
"  Signers,"  members  of  the  Continental  Congress,  generals 
and  officers  of  the  Continental  army,  Presidents  of  the 
United  States,  and  numerous  letters  of  Franklin,  Lafayette, 
Jefferson,  Robert  Morris,  Lincoln,  Grant,  and  others  equally 
well  known.  A  few  years  later  he  supplemented  this  gift 
by  a  donation  of  fifteen  thousand  dollars,  the  income  from 
which  is  to  be  used  for  the  care  and  enlargement  of  the 
collection.  Under  his  will  an  additional  sum  will  be 
received  for  the  same  purposes. 


286  Notes  and  Queries. 


NOTES  AND   QUERIES. 

notes. 

LETTER  or  KEBECCA    LEE   TO  ANNE  SHIPPEN,  AT  LANCASTER, 

1778.— 

MY  DEAR  NANCY, 

I  received  your  agreeable  Letter  about  an  hour  ago,  and  thank  you 
for  it.  The  last  time  I  heard  of  your  Mamma,  she  was  at  General 
Washingtons,  on  her  way  to  your  uncle  Tom  Lees.  I  dont  like  York 
Town,  at  all,  the  place  you  are  at  present  at,  we  hear  was  much 
injured  by  the  Enemy.  I  hear  very  frequently  from  Virginia,  am  much 
obliged  to  you  for  your  enquiries  after  my  friends  there,  present  my 
Compliments  to  Mrs.  Kogers.  I  am  happy  my  dear,  you  are  in  the  care 
of  so  good  a  Lady,  flatter  myself  you  will  to  have  in  a  manner  to  merit 
her  regard,  Your  Uncle  if  possible,  is  more  closely  engaged  with 
business  than  ever,  but  I  am  sure  loves  his  Dear  Niece,  as  well  as  her 
tenderly 

Affectionate  Aunt, 

KEBA  LEE. 

YORK  TOWN  Jaivr  3d  1778. 

LETTER  OF  MARY  LEE  TO  ANNE  H.  LIVINGSTON,  1784.— 
I  thank  you  My  dear  Cousin  for  your  very  kind  Letter  by  Mr.  Wash- 
ington. Strange  as  it  may  seem  the  letter  gave  me  both  pleasure  and 
pain.  I  was  pleased  with  your  affectionate  manner  of  writing,  but  much 
grieved  to  know  that  my  dear  Aunt  is  in  an  ill  state  of  health.  My 
hopes  are  great  that  my  Uncle's  skill  will  prevent  bad  consequences,  and 
I  am  sure  that  we  shall  be  made  very  happy  here  if  he  should  advise 
my  dear  Aunt  to  try  the  effect  of  her  native  air,  which  I  have  heard  my 
Papa  say  was  sometimes  excellent  for  restoring  health.  Be  so  good  my 
dear  as  present  my  love  and  duty  to  my  good  Aunt  and  tell  her  that  I 
am  extremely  thankful  for  the  pretty  Cap,  Apron  and  Kibbon,  that  she 
has  been  pleased  to  send  me,  and  except  yourself  of  my  thanks  for  the 
pretty  handkerchief.  Our  family  are  well  as  usual  and  present  their 
best  affectionts  to  your  family. 

I  am  most  truly  my  dear  Cousins  affectionate  relation  and  sincere 
friend 

MARY  LEE. 

CHANTILLY  April  y<>  25  1784. 

LETTER  OF  JAMES  ALLEN  TO  COLONEL  TIMOTHY  MATLACK, 

1778.— 

NORTHAMPTON  9  Febry.  1778 
RlR 

The  enclosed  paper  from  his  Excellency  the  General  will  inform  you, 
that  I  had  his  permission  to  go  into  Philada.  with  my  family,  on  the 
terms  therein  expressed.  Consistent,  however,  with  that  prudence,  that 
I  natter  myself,  has  always  governed  my  conduct,  I  chose  to  remain  in 


Notes  and  Queries.  287 

my  present  situation  ;  till  the  late  misfortune  in  our  family  has,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  earnest  sollicitations  of  my  relations,  constrained  me 
to  depart  from  that  resolution.  I  go  therefore  for  a  short  time,  to  en- 
deavour to  comfort  an  aged  father  for  the  loss  of  a  much  loved  Son,  & 
propose  returning  as  soon  as  my  wife's  health  will  permit  her  to  travel. 
I  understand  my  Father  intends  to  remove  his  family  into  the  Country  & 
it  is  one  part  of  my  errand  to  persuade  him  to  fix  himself  here. 

I  persuade  myself  that  the  feelings  of  Humanity  will  fully  justify  the 
measure  I  am  about  to  take  ;  &  that  the  uniform  tenor  of  my  conduct 
will  induce  the  Executive  Council  to  grant  me  the  liberty  of  returning 
hither.  The  favor  therefore  I  have  to  ask  of  you,  is,  to  lay  this  letter 
before  them  &  transmit  their  answer  hither,  as  soon  as  it  can  be  obtained. 
I  am  Sir 

Your  very  humble  Servant 

To  COLL  MATLACK.  JAMES  ALLEN. 

LIST  OF  SERVANTS  who  sailed  from  Dublin  February  25th  1746/7  on 
the  Euryal,  and  arrived  at  Philadelphia  April  llth. 

Catherine  Gainer,  Elizabeth  Dunn, 

Catherine  Durcum,  Eleanor  Dwier, 

Catherine  Whitehead,  Catherine  Dwier, 

Celia  Byrne,  Mary  Fling, 

Hannah  Kow,  Mary  Brady, 

Margaret  Poor,  Mary  Mucklerow, 

Catherine  Cane,  Elizabeth  Fox, 

Margaret  Connor,  Dorothy  Jones, 

Mary  Whelan,  Margaret  Traynor, 

Eleanor  Hanlan,  Mary  Williams. 

PHILADELPHIA  July  17*  1773 
HENRY  WHITE  PHYSICK 

To  THE  TRUSTEES  or  THE  COLLEGE  DR- 

For  1  quarter's  tuition,  quills  and  ink,  due  this  day       .         .       £1.0.6 
Received  the  contents  for  the  Trustees, 

By  FRA.  ALISON. 

tyseties. 

PENN. — I  am  tryin  to  find  out  all  the  Information  I  kanabout  Sir 
William  Penn  and  his  descendents  thar  us  to  be  writing  in  my  fathers 
famley  but  tha  have  ben  lost  by  sum  means.  I  wonto  pruve  my  relashen 
ship  to  the  Penn  if  it  can  be  dun.  I  wos  told  if  I  would  write  to  you  I 
could  find  out  all  I  wonted  to  know  so  if  I  can  get  eney  Information  of 
his  sons  or  grand  sons  I  should  lik  vearey  much  to  learn  of  them  and  if 
you  could  tell  me  if  you  new  of  eney  of  his  money  or  realastate  that 
hasent  ben  clamd  by  his  descendents  or  his  sons  desendents  and  so  on. 

SAMUEL  H.  PENN. 
BBOOKVILLE,  N.  J. 

HOSS—BOONE.— Between  1780-85  Jacob  Hoss  removed  from  near 
Hanover,  Adams  County,  Pennsylvania  to  East  Tennessee,  then  North 
Carolina.  He  married  before  this  time  Margaret  (or  Catharine)  Boone. 
She  had  three  sisters,  who  married  Peter  Miller,  Sullivan,  and 


288  Notes  and  Queties. 

Powder.     I  desire  information  regarding  the  ancestry  of  Jacob 

Hoss  and  Margaret  Boone  his  wife ;  also  information  regarding  the  emi- 
gration of  the  Hoss  family  to  America. 

BAYLESS — LAKE — TRODDING. — Daniel  Bayless  md.  Johanna  Lake, 
John  Trodding  (or  Troddy)  md.  Priscilla,  and  their  son,  William  Trod- 
ding,  md.  Mary.  These  three  families  removed  from  Pennsylvania  or 
Maryland  to  East  Tennessee  about  1780.  They  were  members  of  the 
Cherokee  Baptist  Meeting-House  in  1783.  Samuel  Bayless,  son  of 
Daniel  and  Johanna,  md.,  after  coming  to  Tennessee,  Mary  Trodding, 
daughter  of  William  and  Mary.  Information  is  desired  concerning  the 
ancestry  of  Daniel  Bayless,  Johanna  Lake,  John  Trodding,  and  of  Pris- 
cilla and  Mary,  wives  of  John  and  William  Trodding. 

BIGLER — LEASE — LESSLER. — Mark  Bigler,  b.  1747  ;  d.  April  14, 
1826  ;  md.  Catharine  Lease,  who  wasb.  1763 ;  d.  January  4, 1832.  Their 
daughter,  Mary  Bigler,  b.  March  14,  1780  ;  d.  March  2,  1865  ;  md.  John 
Lessler,  who  was  b.  1781  ;  d.  December  8,  1850.  I  desire  information 
regarding  the  ancestry  of  Mark  Bigler,  Catharine  Lease,  and  John 
Lessler.  They  removed  from  Pennsylvania  to  Virginia. 

MARY  Hoss. 

2106  WEST  END  AVENUE,  NASHVILLE,  TENNESSEE. 


•Replies. 

PORTRAIT  OF  WASHINGTON. — Referring  to  the  note  of  inquiry  (PENN- 
SYLVANIA MAGAZINE,  Vol.  XXVI.  p  156)  about  "the  portrait  of  Wash- 
ington painted  on  glass,"  I  send  extracts  from  two  letters  which  came  as 
the  result  of  said  inquiry. 

Louis  C.  Massey,  of  Orlando,  Florida,  writes,  "I  have  a  similar  por- 
trait which  belonged  to  my  grandfather  Charles  Massey,  a  merchant  of 
Philadelphia,  who  was  in  business  from  1799  to  1856  or  thereabouts." 

A  lady  in  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  who  also  owns  one  of  the  portraits, 
writes,  ".  .  .  Gilbert  Stuart,  while  in  Philadelphia,  painted  many 
portraits  of  Washington,  all  of  which  were  speedily  sold.  One  of  the 
purchasers,  Mr.  Blight,  a  Philadelphia  merchant  engaged  in  the  China 
trade,  took  his  to  Canton,  where  he  had  fifty  copies  painted  on  glass, 
and,  returning  to  Philadelphia,  offered  them  for  sale  at  a  much  lower 
price  than  he  had  paid  for  the  original  painting.  Mr.  Stuart  was  nat- 
urally chagrined,  and  employed  the  eminent  lawyer  Horace  Binney  to 
obtain  an  injunction  forbidding  their  sale.  Most  of  them,  however,  had 
been  previously  disposed  of,  and  they  have  been  treasured  heirlooms  in 
many  old  families  during  the  past  century.  ..." 

E.  J.  D. 

GRINNEL  (PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE,  Vol.  XXVI.  p.  155). — 
"Last  week  died,  at  near  seventy  years  of  age,  Capt.  Thomas  Grinnel, 
a  native  of  this  State,  who  during  the  last  war,  was  Captain  of  the  Ship 
Congress ;  and  on  Friday  his  remains  were  interred  in  St.  Paul's 
Church  yard,  attended  by  his  relations,  the  gentlemen  of  the  Vestry,  a 
number  of  the  Marine  Society,  and  a  numerous  procession  of  our  re- 
spectable inhabitants." — New  York,  June  22,  1786. 

ED.  PENNA.  MAG. 


o 

fc/) 

c 
o 
S 


THE 

PENNSYLVANIA    MAGAZINE 

OF 

HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 

YOL.  XXVI.  1902.  No.  3. 

JOSEPH  GALLOWAY,  THE  LOYALIST  POLITICIAN. 

BY   ERNEST    H.    BALDWIN,    PH.D. 

(Continued  from  page  191.) 
A    SUPPORTER    OF   LAW   AND    ORDER. 

The  conduct  of  Mr.  Galloway  during  the  excitement  at- 
tending the  passage  of  the  Stamp  Act  was  conspicuously 
loyal ;  so  loyal,  in  fact,  that  he  was  openly  charged  with 
having  desired  the  execution  of  that  measure.1  As  a  matter 
of  fact,  he  was  opposed  to  Parliamentary  taxation  and  was 
much  pleased  when  the  Act  was  repealed.2  But  the  bold 
threats  of  resistance  to  constituted  authority  and  the  riotous 
proceedings  of  other  Colonies,  excited  by  the  Stamp  Act, 
alarmed  him  more  than  the  Act  itself.  Parliamentary  tax- 
ation with  enforced  law  and  order  was,  in  his  opinion,  a 
greater  blessing  than  liberty  with  lawlessness.  He  feared 
the  tyranny  of  mob  rule  more  than  the  tyranny  of  Par- 
liament. 

Mr.  Galloway  was  not  a  member  of  the  Assembly  when  the 

1  "Six  Arguments  against  Chusing  Joseph  Galloway  an  Assembly- 
man," 1766. 

2  Galloway    to    Franklin,    May   23,    1766.     (Sparks,    "Franklin's 
Works,"  Vol.  VII.  p.  317.) 

VOL.  xxvi. — 19  (  289 ) 


J 
290  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

Stamp  Act  was  passed,  but  that  he  influenced  the  action  of 
that  body  concerning  the  subject  is  not  an  unwarranted  sup- 
position. He  was  accused  of  having  exerted  his  influence 
to  prevent  the  appointment  of  delegates  to  the  Stamp  Act 
Congress,  and  of  having  done  this  at  the  request  of  William 
Franklin,  the  Governor  of  New  Jersey.1  But  his  influence 
may  be  detected  in  connection  with  the  resolutions  passed 
by  the  Assembly.  They  were  much  milder  in  tone  than 
a  series  presented  by  Dickinson,  and  were  drawn  up  by  a 
committee  from  which  that  gentleman  had  been  excluded. 

In  spite  of  his  attitude  towards  this  famous  Act  and  his 
intimacy  with  Hughes,  the  collector,  and  in  spite  of  the 
strenuous  opposition  of  the  Proprietary  party,  Mr.  Galloway 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Assembly  again  in  1Y65.2 

The  disturbances  in  Philadelphia  on  the  arrival  of  the 
stamps  were  less  tumultuous  than  was  the  case  in  other 
Colonies,  and  this  was  probably  due  to  the  presence  of  the 
Quakers.3  But  no  stamps  were  landed,  and  after  November 
1,  when  the  Act  went  into  effect,  the  courts  were  closed 
and  all  legal  business  ceased.  Soon  after  this,  and  because 
of  the  distress  it  caused,  a  meeting  of  the  members  of  the 
Bar  was  held  to  consider  the  advisability  of  opening  the 
courts  and  proceeding  without  stamped  paper.  Mr.  Gallo- 
way expressed  his  willingness  to  act  without  the  stamps,  pro- 
vided the  judges  would  also  agree  to  the  plan.  No  definite 
action  was  taken,  however,  and  the  courts  remained  closed. 
Shortly  after  this  meeting  Mr.  Galloway  was  boldly  charged 
with  having  embarrassed  the  anti-stamp  movement  by 
opposing  the  opening  of  the  courts  without  stamps.  This 

1  Franklin  denied  this  in  one  of  Galloway's  broadsides,  December  20, 
1765. 

2  Votes  of  Assembly.     In  a  letter  to  Colonel  Burd,  dated  September 
20,  1765,  Samuel  Purviance  writes  that  his  party  (Proprietary)  had  been 
strengthened  by  the   "  opposition   lately  made  by  John  Hughes  and 
his   friends  against  sending  commissioners  to   attend  the  Congress  at 
N.  Y.  .  .  ."     ("Shippen  Papers.") 

3  Sharpless,   "A  History  of  Quaker  Government  in  Pennsylvania," 
p.  80. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  291 

accusation  caused  him  so  much  annoyance  that  he  issued  a 
broadside  explaining  his  conduct  and  stating  his  position. 
He  said  that  he  was  unwilling  to  proceed  without  stamped 
paper,  unless  the  consent  of  the  judges  could  be  obtained; 
that  they  ought  to  join  with  the  attorneys  in  disobeying  the 
law,  and  not  remain  in  a  position  to  enforce  its  penalties  in 
case  it  was  executed ;  that  no  good  argument  was  advanced 
against  his  proposal ;  that  the  same  thing  was  done  in  New 
Jersey,  and  business  was  going  on.  He  did  not  see  why 
the  "  safety  of  the  persons  and  estates  of  some  men"  should 
be  endangered  and  "  those  of  others  who  hold  the  Execu- 
tive Powers  of  government"  be  exempted  from  that  danger. 
He  finally  declared  that  an  agreement  had  been  entered  into 
at  the  meeting  to  divulge  nothing  of  its  proceedings,  although 
he  himself  had  declared  that  there  was  nothing  he  had  said 
or  done  which  he  was  unwilling  should  be  proclaimed  from 
the  State-House  steps.  Why  he  had  been  attacked  in  such 
a  manner  he  could  not  understand.1 

The  continuance  of  the  disturbances  and  tumults  in  the 
Colonies  after  the  Stamp  Act  went  into  effect  filled  Mr. 
Galloway  with  such  grave  apprehensions  that  he  determined 
to  give  expression  to  them.  In  a  piece  signed  "  Ameri- 
canus,"  printed  in  the  Pennsylvania  Journal  of  January  9, 
1766,  he  warned  his  countrymen  of  the  evils  to  which  their 
seditious  conduct  would  lead ;  declared  that  they  had  justly 
provoked  the  mother  country,  and  only  her  tenderness  had 
prevented  the  enforcement  of  obedience ;  and  unless  they 
stopped  it  would  become  the  indispensable  duty  of  the 
British  Parliament  to  use  compulsion. 

This  article  aroused  great  indignation  against  him.  He 
was  called  a  Tory  and  went  by  the  nickname  of  "  Ameri- 
canus"  for  some  time.2 

Mr.  Galloway  had  an  extreme  aversion  to  the  Presby- 

1  "To  the  Public,"  December  20,  1765.      (Philadelphia  Library, 
Ridgway  Branch.) 

2  Testimony  of  William  Franklin  before  the  Loyalist  Commission 
(MS.  in  the  Congressional  Library). 


292  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

terians.  He  associated  them  with  rioters  and  the  baser 
elements  of  society.  Their  connection  with  and  support  of 
the  Paxton  rioters  convinced  him  that  they  were  dangerous 
characters,  and  he  now  deemed  them  responsible  for  the 
Stamp  Act  disturbances.  In  a  letter  to  Franklin,  dated 
January  13,  1766,  he  comments  on  the  condition  of  affairs 
and  expresses  his  opinion  of  the  Presbyterians : 

"We  impatiently  wait  for  the  resolutions  of  the  British  Parliament 
respecting  the  Stamp  Act.  For  while  on  one  part  the  law  is  prevented 
from  being  executed  by  the  mobs  in  the  principal  colonies  of  America, 
on  the  other  no  business  is  transacted  in  any  of  the  courts  of  justice, 
which  is  attended  with  inexpressible  mischief.  A  certain  sect  of  people, 
if  I  may  judge  from  all  their  late  conduct,  seem  to  look  on  this  as  a 
favorable  opportunity  of  establishing  their  republican  principles  and  of 
throwing  off  all  connection  with  their  mother  country.  Many  of  their 
publications  justify  the  thought.  Besides,  I  have  other  reasons  to  think 
that  they  are  not  only  forming  a  private  union  among  themselves  from 
one  end  of  the  continent  to  the  other,  but  endeavoring  also  to  bring  into 
their  union  the  Quakers  and  all  other  Dissenters,  if  possible.  But  I 
hope  this  will  be  impossible.  In  Pennsylvania  I  am  confident  it  will."  l 

Mr.  Galloway's  anxiety  lest  the  mother  country  be  pro- 
voked by  the  undutiful  behavior  of  the  Americans  appears 
in  another  letter  to  Franklin,  dated  May  23, 1766,  in  which 
he  relates  the  proceedings  in  Philadelphia  upon  receipt  of 
the  news  that  the  Stamp  Act  was  repealed.  He  announces 
that  the  news  of  the  repeal  had  arrived  : 

"Upon  its  arrival,  agreeable  to  your  advice,  our  friends  exerted 
their  utmost  endeavors  to  prevent  any  indecent  marks  of  triumph  and 
exultation.  We  opposed  the  intended  fire-works,  illumination  and 
cannon  firing  and  advised  more  temperate  and  private  rejoicing  on  this 
great  occasion.  The  chief  justice,  mayor,  recorder  and  several  other  of 
the  magistrates  were  spoken  to,  but  to  no  purpose.  The  city  was  illumi- 
nated by  the  proprietary  party.  Our  friends  refused  to  join  with  them, 
but  were  constantly  patrolling  the  streets  in  order  to  preserve  peace. 
Found  an  indiscreet  puff  in  Mr.  Hall's  paper  on  the  occasion.  Hope  it 
will  not  fix  the  complexion  of  the  whole  province.  The  Assembly  will 
meet  June  2nd  and  will  send  an  address  of  thanks  for  their  care  and 


1  Galloway  to  Franklin,  January  13,  1766.    "  A  certain  sect  of  people" 
meant  the  Presbyterians. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  293 

attention  to  the  ease  and  happiness  of  the  colonies.  I  have  fixed  the 
measure  with  all  the  members  our  friends,  whose  hearts  cannot  utter  th« 
gratitude  they  owe  to  the  present  virtuous  and  worthy  ministry  for  their 
infinite  trouble  and  fatigue.  No  doubt  all  discontent  will  subside  in 
America."  * 

The  wording  of  the  address  of  thanks  which  Mr.  Gallo- 
way had  thus  "  fixed"  with  the  members  of  the  Assembly 
is  further  evidence  of  his  wish  to  avoid  even  the  appearance 
of  disloyalty  which  might  incur  the  displeasure  of  the 
Crown.  After  expressing  the  thanks  of  the  Province  for 
the  repeal  of  the  Stamp  Act,  they  declared  themselves 
grateful  to  the  King  for  his  "  approbation  of  the  dutiful 
behavior  of  the  province  of  Pennsylvania  amidst  the  too 
prevailing  distractions  which  have  agitated  the  other  colo- 
nies." The  remainder  of  this  short  address  was  an  expres- 
sion of  Mr.  Galloway's  sentiments  at  the  time,  and  evinced 
his  intention  so  early  to  head  off  the  efforts  which  he  sus- 
pected were  making  for  ultimate  independence  : 

' '  Fully  sensible  how  much  the  happiness  of  your  people  depends  on 
a  perfect  harmony  and  connection  between  Great  Britain  and  her  colo- 
nies, we  assure  your  Majesty  that  no  care  or  endeavors  shall  be  wanting, 
on  our  part,  to  promote  and  establish  that  union  of  affections  and  in- 
terest so  essential  to  the  welfare  of  both,  and  to  preserve  that  loyalty 
and  affection  to  your  Majesty's  person  and  government  which  we  esteem 
to  be  one  of  their  first  and  most  important  duties." 2 

John  Dickinson,  in  his  "Farmer's  Letters,"  pays  his  respects  to  this 
"Address"  of  the  Assembly.  He  warns  his  countrymen  to  be  on  their 
guard  against  men  who  set  examples  of  servility.  "From  them  we 
shall  learn  how  pleasant  and  profitable  a  thing  it  is  to  be  for  our  sub- 
missive behavior  well  spoken  of  at  St.  James  or  St.  Stephens  ;  at  Guild 
Hall  or  the  Royal  Exchange.  Specious  fallacies  will  be  drest  up  with 
all  the  arts  of  delusion  to  persuade  one  colony  to  distinguish  herself 
from  another  by  unbecoming  condescensions  which  will  serve  the  am- 
bitious purposes  of  great  men  at  home  and  therefore  will  be  thought  by 
them  to  entitle  their  assistants  in  obtaining  them  to  considerable  re- 
wards." 

And  in  the  same  letter  Dickinson  seems  to  refer  more  directly  to 


1  Galloway  to  Franklin,  May  23,  1766. 

2  Printed  in  the  Pennsylvania  Chronicle,  February  2,  1767. 


294  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

Galloway  when  he  says,  "remarkable  instances  of  wrecked  ambition" 
may  be  seen,  men  "who  after  distinguishing  themselves  in  the  support 
of  the  Stamp  Act,  by  a  courageous  contempt  of  their  country,  and  of 
Justice,  have  been  left  to  linger  out  their  miserable  existence  without  a 
government  collectorship,  .  .  .  or  any  other  commission.  .  .  ."* 

Thus  it  may  be  seen  that  Mr.  Galloway  was  a  thorough 
loyalist  in  1766 ;  that  he  suspected  the  independent  schemes 
of  the  Presbyterian  elements,  and  was  determined  to  resist 
them  with  energy. 

SPEAKER    OF    ASSEMBLY. 

Although  he  had  taken  a  rather  unpopular  stand  in  the 
Stamp  Act  controversy,  and  was  opposed  by  the  Presby- 
terian party,  which  concentrated  all  its  energies  to  accom- 
plish his  defeat,  nevertheless,  Mr.  Galloway  was  not  only  re- 
elected  a  member  of  the  Assembly  in  1766,  but  also  chosen 
its  Speaker.  James  Pemberton,  who  was  a  member  of  the 
Assembly,  in  a  letter  containing  the  political  news  of  the 
day,  said  that  the  Presbyterian  party  had  been  unable  to 
arouse  much  enthusiasm  before  the  election : 2 

"  They  at  length  concluded  to  attempt  the  change  of  one 
member  in  this  county,  Jos.  Galloway,  concerning  whom 
they  alleged  he  had  written  in  favor  of  the  stamp  act;  in 
opposition  they  set  up  Dickinson,  his  former  opponent, 
which,  it  is  said,  was  encouraged  by  a  few  of  our  friends, 
but  in  this  scheme  they  failed  much  beyond  their  expecta- 
tion." 

A  broadside  was  issued  just  before  the  election,  entitled 
"  Six  Arguments  against  Chusing  Joseph  Galloway  an  As- 
semblyman." This  alleged  that  Mr.  Galloway  had  "  long 
been  the  cause  of  contention"  in  the  Province  and  had  often 
deceived  people  by  his  "  pretended  zeal  for  liberty."  The 
six  arguments  were :  his  slander  of  Americans  by  repre- 
senting their  efforts  to  preserve  their  liberties  as  disloyal 

1 '  <  Farmer's  Letters, ' '  No.  XII ;  Memoirs  Historical  Society,  Vol.  XIV. 
2  James  Pemberton  to  Dr.  Fothergill.     (Sharpless,    "A  History  of 
Quaker  Government  in  Pennsylvania,"  p.  89.) 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  295 

menaces ;  his  attitude  towards  the  Stamp  Act ;  his  disposition 
to  surrender  the  rights  of  the  Colonial  Assemblies  in  the 
matter  of  taxation ;  his  quarrelsome  and  overbearing  dispo- 
sition in  the  Assembly,  making  good  men  unwilling  to  serve 
in  the  House  with  him ;  his  political  connection  with  John 
Hughes;  and  his  efforts  to  rob  poor  Germans  of  their 
land  by  means  of  the  Act  for  recording  warrants  and  sur- 
veys.1 

The  answer  to  these  "Arguments"  was  the  re-election  of 
Mr.  Galloway  to  the  Assembly  and  his  appointment  to  the 
Speakership,  an  office  which  he  continued  to  hold  uninter- 
ruptedly until  1774.  His  candidacy  for  this  honor  met 
with  considerable  opposition,  apparently.  The  same  letter 
of  Pemberton  quoted  above  says, — 

"The  present  assembly  .  .  .  met  .  .  .  on  the  14th  ulto.,  and  pro- 
ceeded on  the  business  appearing  necessary  at  that  time,  having  first 
chosen  a  new  speaker  (Galloway)  whose  qualifications  must  be  allowed 
superior  to  the  former  speaker  (Fox),  but  as  there  appeared  too  much 
of  a  spirit  of  party,  as  I  apprehended,  I  could  not  join  therein  ;  the  choice 
has  been  an  occasion  of  speculation  among  the  people,  but  I  hope  will 
not  be  attended  with  much  ill  consequence. ' ' 

The  minutes  of  the  Assembly  indicate  that  Mr.  Galloway 
was  not  chosen  Speaker  by  a  very  large  majority  of  votes, 
and  that  some  of  the  more  important  privileges  usually 
granted  the  presiding  officer  were  not  accorded  him.2  This 
is  especially  noticeable  in  the  matter  of  appointing  com 
mittees.  The  privilege  of  nominating  members  for  com- 
mittees was  not  accorded  him  until  the  following  year, 
when  there  were  several  changes  in  the  membership  of  the 
House  and  he  was  elected  Speaker  unanimously.  He  was 
then  given  the  power  also  "  to  stop  all  unnecessary,  tedious 

1  "Six  Arguments,"  etc.     "I  attended  the  Supreme  Court  the  other 
day  and  had  the  pleasure  to  see,  by  the  integrity  of  the  judges  and 
equity  of  the  jury,  and  the  abilities  of  your  antagonist  Dickinson,  one 
of  these  causes  determined  against  you.   ..." 

2  The  minutes  of  the  Assembly  do  not  give  the  figures. 


296  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

and  superfluous  disc6urse,  and  to  command  silence  when 
needful." l 

The  position  of  Speaker  of  the  Pennsylvania  Assembly 
was  one  attended  with  peculiar  difficulty,  and  the  retention 
of  that  office  by  Mr.  Galloway  during  the  years  of  agitation 
preceding  the  Revolution  is  a  sufficient  testimony  to  that 
gentleman's  ability  and  tact.  In  the  first  place,  the  relations 
between  the  Assembly  and  the  Proprietors  were  not  only 
not  cordial,  but  at  times  quite  hostile.  Furthermore,  Mr. 
Galloway  represented  the  extremists  among  the  opponents 
of  Proprietary  rule.  And  then  the  disputes  which  arose 
between  the  Colonies  and  the  mother  country  over  the 
revenue  acts  of  Parliament  caused  great  trouble.  Mr.  Gal- 
loway sought  to  uphold  the  rights  of  the  Colonies  with  reso- 
lution, but  through  "  decent  and  respectful"  petitions,  and  a 
threatened  attempt  to  abrogate  their  charters  was  firmly 
resisted  by  him.2 

Other  difficulties  which  had  to  be  met  concerned  their 
relations  with  the  Indians,  disagreements  over  paper  money, 
and  conflicts  with  the  Connecticut  settlers  in  Wyoming.3 

In  the  midst  of  all  these  concerns  Mr.  Galloway  was  in 

1  Votes  of  Assembly,  October  16,  1767.     The  necessity  for  such  a  rule 
would  indicate  that  the  Provincial  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania  was  a 
rather  disputatious  and  "  filibustering"  one.     By  1774  Mr.  Galloway 
had  evidently  put  an  end  to  all  that.     A  description  of  the  House  in 
that  year  by  a  contemporary  (quoted  in  Keith's   "Provincial  Council- 
lors") is  interesting : 

' '  Our  Honorable  House  made  but  a  scurvy  appearance  ...  it  was 
enough  to  make  one  sweat  to  see  a  parcel  of  countrymen  sitting  with 
their  hats  on,  great  coarse  cloth  coats,  leather  breeches,  and  woolen 
stockings  in  the  month  of  July.  There  was  not  a  speech  made  the 
whole  time ;  whether  their  silence  proceeded  from  their  modesty  or 
from  their  inability  to  speak,  I  know  not. ' ' 

2  Gordon,  "History  of  Pennsylvania,"  p.  453. 

3  Mr.  Galloway's  labors  and  anxieties  caused  his  illness  in  the  spring 
of  1769  and  interrupted  the  proceedings  of  the  House.     He  proposed, 
however,  to  accommodate  the  members  of  the  Assembly  at  his  own 
house,  but  this  proved  impracticable,  and  a  Speaker  pro  tern,  was  ap- 
pointed to  serve  the  remainder  of  the  session. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  297 

continual  correspondence  with  Benjamin  Franklin  in  Eng- 
land, persistently  urging  the  old  scheme  for  a  Royal  govern- 
ment and  at  times  expressing  the  most  pessimistic  views  of 
Colonial  affairs.  Mr.  Franklin  could  give  little  encourage- 
ment for  the  success  of  their  petition,  pictured  the  corrup- 
tion at  London,  and  urged  Galloway  to  "try  and  lessen 
the  unpopularity  of  the  American  cause.  Increase  our 
friends  and  be  careful  not  to  weaken  their  hands  and 
strengthen  those  of  our  enemies  by  rash  proceedings  on 
our  side,  the  mischiefs  of  which  are  inconceivable."  *  He 
then  suggests  that  if  the  Assembly  was  discouraged  or 
tired  of  the  expense,  he  would  not  have  him  propose  to 
continue  him  as  agent  at  the  meeting  of  the  new  Assembly. 
Mr.  Galloway  labored  diligently  to  lessen  the  causes  of 
complaint  and  destroy  the  spirit  of  sedition,  as  desired  by 
Franklin,  but  used  his  influence  to  have  him  retained  as 
agent  in  England.  On  March  10,  1768,  he  wrote  Franklin 
a  most  doleful  letter  giving  an  account  of  the  situation  of 
affairs  in  the  Province.  He  enclosed  messages  of  the 
House : 

"By  them  you  will  be  able  to  form  a  proper  judgment  of  the  affairs 
of  this  province,  which,  in  the  opinion  of  all  good  men  here,  are  at 
length  reduced  to  the  most  desperate  circumstances.  All  the  mischiefs 
we  have  long  expected,  if  not  come  to  pass,  are  now  in  full  prospect. 
We  have  long  seen  that  the  powers  of  government  united  in  the  same 
hands,  with  immense  property,  would  necessarily  be  attended  with  many 
inconveniences  both  to  the  Crown  and  to  the  subject,  and  that  those 
powers,  vested  in  the  feeble  hands  of  private  subjects,  would  prove  too 
weak  to  support  his  Majesty's  authority  or  to  give  safety  to  his  people. 
The  first  will  ever  naturally  lead  to  acts  of  injustice,  ambitions  and  op- 
pressions ;  and  these  things  in  private  men  will  more  especially  beget 
disrespect  and  that  disrespect  soon  ripen  into  contempt ;  the  consequences 
whereof  in  this  province  is  we  have  the  name  of  a  government,  but  no 
safety  or  protection  under  it.  We  have  laws  without  being  executed,  or 
even  feared  or  respected.  We  have  offenders  but  no  punishment.  We 
have  a  magistracy  but  no  justice,  and  a  governor  but  no  government. 
And,  you  well  know,  we  possess  the  warmest  allegiance  to  our  sovereign 


1  Franklin  to  Galloway,   August   8,   1767.     (Bigelow,    "Franklin's 
Works,"  Vol.  IV.  p.  25.) 


298  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

and  our  mother  country  ;  and  yet  our  persons  and  estates  are  every  hour 
liable  to  the  ravages  of  the  licentious  and  lawless,  without  any  hope  of 
defence  against  them.  , 

' '  The  impunity  with  which  offenders  escape  is  a  perpetual  encourage- 
ment to  the  licentious  and  wicked  to  commit  new  offences.  .  .  .  Take  a 
view,  dear  sir,  of  these  facts  with  what  you  know  has  heretofore  passed 
in  the  government  and  add  to  them  the  declaration  of  our  Governor 
that  he  can  do  no  more  in  his  station  towards  bringing  offenders  to  jus- 
tice than  issuing  a  proclamation  and  writing  a  few  mild  letters  to  his 
magistracy,  and  tell  me  whether  you  think  we  can  believe  ourselves  or  our 
estates  safe  under  the  present  government.  I  do  mest  candidly  assure 
you,  could  I  convert  my  estate  into  personalty,  without  great  loss,  I 
should  immediately  remove  it  with  my  family  into  a  government  where 
I  could  reasonably  expect  they  would  be  safe  from  violation.  In  this,  it 
is  the  opinion  of  all  who  are  active  in  supporting  the  honor  of  the  gov- 
ernment and  the  authority  of  the  Crown,  that  their  lives  and  property 
are  in  great  jeopardy  and  danger. 

"Under  these  circumstances  the  Assembly  think  it  their  indispensable 
duty  to  acquaint  his  Majesty  and  ministry  of  the  state  of  the  province, 
for  which  purpose  the  papers  are  sent  to  the  agents  in  hopes  that  our 
distracted  and  distressed  situation  will  draw  his  Majesty's  attention  and 
compassion  so  far  towards  us  as  to  take  the  government  under  his  imme- 
diate directions." 

Franklin's  reply  to  this  pessimistic  epistle  was  a  letter 
written  to  another  friend,  May  14,  1768. *  He  said  that 
there  was  no  use  in  representing  the  riots  and  lawlessness 
under  the  Proprietary  government,  for  things  were  just  as 
bad  in  England,  and  a  mob  was  a  frequent  occurrence  in 
the  streets  of  London. 

Notwithstanding  this  discouraging  outlook  for  the  petition, 
Mr.  Galloway  returned  to  the  subject  in  a  letter  dated  Oc- 
tober 17,  1768.  He  announced  the  reappointment  of 
Franklin  and  Jackson  as  agents  and  the  renewal  of  instruc- 
tions regarding  the  change  of  government,  "  every  member 
now  approving  of  the  measure  save  the  chief  justice." 

' '  You  really  judge  right.  Should  the  petition  be  rejected  or  neglected 
the  Crown  will  never  have  the  like  request  made  by  the  people,  nor 

1  Franklin  to  Boss,  May  14,  1768.  (Bigelow,  " Franklin's  Works," 
Vol.  IV.  p.  163.)  Mr.  Galloway  was  referred  to  this  letter  by  Franklin, 
later. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  299 

such  another  opportunity  of  resuming  one  of  the  most  beneficial  govern- 
ments in  America.  Their  own  welfare  will  oblige  them  to  court  the 
proprietary  favor ;  and  should  they  continue  to  gratify  the  people,  by 
the  lenient  measures  adopted  during  the  last  year,  they  will  place  all 
their  confidence  in  them  and  lose  all  ideas  of  loyalty  or  affection  to  the 
person  where  alone  they  ought  to  be  fixed." l 

He  then  refers  to  the  arrival  of  regiments  at  Boston,  and 
hopes  no  mischiefs  will  follow. 

The  burden  of  the  correspondence  between  Galloway 
and  Franklin  was  then  changed  to  the  subject  of  paper 
money,  the  issuance  of  which  by  the  Colonies  had  been 
prohibited  by  Parliament.  Mr.  Galloway  greatly  favored 
the  emission  of  paper  money  and  wrote  in  support  of  it : 

11 A  farmer  pledges  his  land  to  the  government  and  takes  paper. 
When  he  comes  to  redeem  his  pledge  ought  he  not  to  return  the  paper, 
and  ought  not  the  government  to  be  obliged  to  receive  it  in  discharge  of 
the  land?"2 

Several  years  before  this  he  had  presented  an  argument 
for  this  money  which  was  the  very  common  one  at  the  time  : 

"Without  money  labor  will  be  low;  and  manufacturing  may  and 
must  from  necessity  be  carried  on  in  America  which  must  diminish  our 
British  importations.  Let  us  have  money  and  we  shall  never  think  of 
manufacturing,  or,  if  we  do,  we  shall  never  be  able  to  perfect  it  to  any 
degree."3 

One  of  the  most  annoying  episodes  in  the  life  of  Mr.  Gallo- 
way was  his  connection  with  one  William  Goddard  in  the 
publication  of  a  newspaper.  This  ill-tempered  and  quarrel- 
some printer  came  to  Philadelphia  just  at  the  time  when 
Mr.  Galloway  was  entering  upon  his  career  as  Speaker. 
The  opportunity  thus  offered  to  establish  a  newspaper  which 
would  serve  in  a  measure  as  his  personal  organ  was  gladly 
seized  by  the  Quaker  politician,  particularly  as  the  existing 
papers  had  abandoned  the  popular  party  and  were  support- 

1  Galloway  to  Franklin,  October  17,  1768.     (Bigelow,   "  Franklin's 
Works,"  Vol.  IV.  p.  210.) 

2  Ibid.,  June  21,  1770.     (New  Jersey  Archives,  Vol.  X.  p.  197.) 

3  Ibid.,  January  13,  1766. 


300  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

ing  the  Proprietors.1  A  partnership  was  accordingly  formed,, 
of  which  Mr.  Galloway  and  Thomas  Wharton  were  secret 
members,  and  the  publication  of  the  Pennsylvania  Chronicle 
and  Universal  Advertiser,  with  Goddard  as  editor  and  man- 
ager, was  begun  in  January,  1767.  Galloway  and  Wharton 
supplied  the  necessary  capital  to  start  the  enterprise,  and 
the  partners  agreed  to  consult  one  another  in  every  material 
step.  Mr.  Galloway  was  to  see  that  the  Assembly  printing 
was  given  to  the  Chronicle  and  the  assistance  of  members 
of  the  Assembly  was  to  be  secured  in  obtaining  subscribers 
in  their  respective  counties.2 

Notwithstanding  its  bright  prospects  of  success,  the  en- 
terprise proved  a  miserable  failure.  The  partnership  lasted 
but  two  years,  and  was  then  broken  up  by  a  most  unfortu- 
nate quarrel  between  the  secret  partners  and  Goddard. 
The  cause  of  the  trouble  was  political.  The  obstinate 
Goddard  refused  to  conduct  the  paper  according  to  the 
wishes  of  the  dictatorial  Galloway,  and  the  Chronicle, 
instead  of  supporting  the  Assembly  party,  became  a  bitter 
opponent  of  its  former  patron. 

The  chief  reason  for  Mr.  Galloway's  dissatisfaction  with 
Goddard,  apparently  was  the  latter's  insistence  on  publish- 
ing Dickinson's  "  Farmer's  Letters,"  which  first  appeared 
in  the  Chronicle.  The  profits  from  the  increased  circula- 
tion of  the  paper  caused  by  the  publication  of  these  pop- 
ular letters  appealed  to  Goddard,  while  Galloway  could  see 
only  greater  encouragement  to  the  independents  and  fame 
for  the  hated  author.3 

1  Correspondence  of  David  Strahan  and  David  Hall.    (PENNA.  MAG., 
Vol.  X.  p.  229.) 

2  Goddard,  "The  Partnership,"   1770.     William  Franklin  to  Benja- 
min Franklin,  1766.    (Bigelow,  "  Franklin's  Works,"  Vol.  III.  p.  509.) 

The  articles  of  agreement  provided  for  the  addition  of  Franklin  to 
the  partnership  should  he  desire  to  join  on  his  return  from  England. 
"  The  Partnership"  was  a  history  of  the  firm  from  its  beginning  in  1766. 
It  contained  some  bitter  aspersions  on  Galloway's  character. 

'The  following  is  an  interesting  extract  from  "The  Partnership." 
"Mr.  Galloway  ridiculed  my  notions  about  liberty  and  the  rights  of 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  301 

The  publicity  given  to  this  quarrel  by  Goddard  served 
to  enliven  the  political  campaigns  of  1770  and  1772  and 
greatly  irritated  Mr.  Galloway.  As  there  was  some  doubt 
of  his  election  in  Philadelphia  County  in  1770,  he  ran  for 
the  Assembly  in  Bucks  County  (where  he  owned  a  country 
estate)  and  was  elected.1 

But  the  persistent  attacks  of  Goddard  and  the  apparent 
loss  of  support  in  the  Assembly,  where  in  1770,  for  the 
first  time  since  1766,  he  failed  to  be  unanimously  elected 
Speaker,  tempted  Mr.  Galloway  to  retire  from  political  life 
in  1771.  This  proposition  was  opposed  by  Franklin,  who 
thought  that  he  "  could  not  be  spared  without  great  detri- 
ment to  the  general  welfare  of  America."2  But  at  the 
meeting  of  the  new  Assembly  in  1771  he  was  again  unani- 
mously elected  Speaker.3 

This  success  did  not  put  an  end  to  the  attacks,  however, 
and  he  still  thought  seriously  of  withdrawing  from  the 
field  of  politics.4  Franklin  thought  to  cheer  him  up,  and 
wrote  him  as  follows  : 

"  I  am  glad  you  are  returned  again  to  a  seat  in  the  Assembly,  where 
your  abilities  are  so  useful  and  necessary  in  the  service  of  your  country. 
We  must  not  in  the  course  of  public  life  expect  immediate  approbation 
and  immediate  grateful  acknowledgement  of  our  services.  But  let  us 
persevere  through  abuse  and  even  injury.  The  internal  satisfaction  of  a 


mankind  and  observed  that  the  people  in  America  were  mad — they 
knew  not  what  they  wanted ;  that  such  factious  pieces  (Farmer's  Letters) 
would  answer  for  the  selectmen  of  Boston  and  the  mob  meetings  of 
R.  I. ,  but  he  was  sure  they  would  soon  be  despised  here,  Pennsylvania 
being  of  a  different  make,  of  more  solidity,  none  of  your  damned  repub- 
lican breed." 

1  Edward    Burd    to    Colonel    Burd,   October    4,   1770.     ("Shippen 
Papers.") 

2  Franklin  to  Evans,  July  18,  1771.     (Bigelow,  "  Franklin's  Works," 
Vol.  IV.  p.  410.) 

3  Votes  of  Assembly,  October  14,  1771. 

*  Early  in  1772  Mr.  Galloway  received  a  threatening  letter  (anony- 
mous) demanding  fifty  pounds.  Goddard  was  suspected  of  having  had 
something  to  do  with  this  and  was  arrested.  No  evidence  could  be  pro- 
duced, however. 


«     \ 

302  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

good  conscience  is  always  present,  and  time  will  do  us  justice  in  the 
minds  of  the  people,  even  those  at  present  the  most  prejudiced 
against  us." 

And  a  few  weeks  later  he  wrote  again : 

"  I  must  .  .  .  beg  you  will  not  think  of  retiring  from  public  busi- 
ness. You  are  yet  a  young  man  and  may  still  be  greatly  serviceable  to 
your  country.  It  would  be,  I  think,  something  criminal  to  bury  in  pri- 
vate retirement  so  early,  all  the  usefulness  of  so  much  experience  and 
such  great  abilities.  The  people  do  not  indeed  always  see  their  friends 
in  the  same  favorable  light  .  .  .  therefore  preserve  your  spirits  and  per- 
severe ;  at  least  to  the  age  of  sixty,  a  boundary  I  once  fixed  for  myself, 
but  have  gone  beyond  it."  2 

Mr.  Galloway's  life  during  these  years  of  political  activity 
and  strife  was  not  void  of  enjoyment,  however.  One  of 
his  contemporaries  has  left  a  record  of  social  activity  in 
which  the  name  of  Galloway  appears  repeatedly.3  Dinners 
and  "  frolics"  at  Greenwich  Hall,  a  favorite  resort  outside 
the  city,  were  frequently  attended  by  the  leading  members 
of  the  Assembly,  and  Mr.  Galloway  often  entertained  at 
his  own  home.  It  is  not  in  the  least  improbable  that  po- 
litical questions  were  discussed  at  these  meetings  and  meas- 
ures "  fixed"  by  what  the  Speaker  of  the  Assembly  was 
often  wont  to  call  "interest  out  of  doors,"  and  with  the 
machinery  of  which  he  himself  was  perfectly  familiar. 

A   DELEGATE    TO    CONGRESS. 

In  the  quarrel  which  arose  between  the  Colonies  and  the 
mother  country,  and  which  reached  such  an  acute  stage  at 
Boston  early  in  1774,  the  concurrence  of  the  Province  of 
Pennsylvania  was  necessary  to  the  success  of  any  plan  of 
resistance  to  Parliamentary  authority.  Its  importance  both 
in  wealth  and  number  of  inhabitants,  as  well  as  its  position, 

1  Franklin  to  Galloway,  December  2,  1772.     (Bigelow,  "  Franklin's 
Works,"  Vol.  IV.  p.  549.) 

2  Ibid.,  January  6,  1773.     (Bigelow,  "  Franklin's  Works,"  Vol.  V. 
p.  87.) 

3  Jacob  Hiltzheimer,  "  Diary." 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  303 

made  it  the  keystone  to  any  Colonial  arch,  political  or  com- 
mercial. The  patriot  leaders  of  Massachusetts  and  Virginia 
recognized  this  fact,  and  lent  their  efforts  to  place  the 
Quaker  Colony  in  sympathetic  line  with  the  Boston  Sons  of 
Liberty.  But  they  found  the  task  a  difficult  one.  The 
controlling  Quaker  influence  was  strongly  conservative  and 
avowedly  opposed  to  revolutionary  measures.  This  barrier 
must  be  broken  down  before  Pennsylvania  could  be  induced 
to  join  in,  or  even  sympathize  with,  open  resistance  to  con- 
stituted authority.  This  conservatism — this  aversion  to 
violence — was  personified  in  Joseph  Galloway;  he  repre- 
sented the  barrier ;  nay,  more,  he  was  the  barrier. 

No  person  not  ignorant  of  Mr.  Galloway's  character 
could  have  expected  the  slightest  sympathy  from  that  gen- 
tleman for  the  riotous  conduct  of  the  New  Englanders  in 
1774.  Their  actions  were  abhorrent  to  all  his  feelings.  He 
believed  that  their  deeds  were  those  of  lawless  Presbyterian 
and  Republican  mobs,  and  a  mob  was  an  execrable  thing. 

When,  in  the  spring  of  1774,  the  proposition  was  made 
that  the  other  Provinces  send  messages  of  sympathy  and 
approval  to  Massachusetts,  Mr.  Galloway  was  in  the  coun- 
try. There  was  a  popular  demand  in  Philadelphia  that  the 
Assembly  Committee  of  Correspondence  send  such  a  mes- 
sage ;  but  the  members  of  the  committee  in  the  city  were 
unwilling  to  move  in  the  matter  without  the  approval  of 
Mr.  Galloway.  The  following  letter  of  that  gentleman  in- 
dicates a  disposition  on  his  part  to  move  slowly  and  with 
great  care : 

' '  Your  favor  conveying  me  the  request  of  the  gentlemen  appointed 
by  a  considerable  number  of  very  respectable  inhabitants  of  Philadel- 
phia, that  the  Committee  of  Correspondence  '  would  take  into  their  con- 
sideration the  Act  of  Parliament  passed  against  the  town  of  Boston,  and 
communicate  their  sentiments  and  advice  thereon  to  the  committees  of 
the  sister  colonies/  came  to  my  hands  yesterday,  and  I  should  have  im- 
mediately waited  on  you  to  have  confered  with  you  on  the  measure  pro- 
posed ;  but  in  pursuance  of  an  appointment  made  with  a  number  of 
people,  I  am  under  the  necessity  of  meeting  them  to-morrow  at  Durham, 
and  the  business  I  have  to  transact  will  not  admit  of  my  return  before 


I 
304  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

the  beginning  of  next  week.  Immediately  after  I  shall  be  in  the  city ; 
so  that  it  will  not  be  in  my  power,  before  that  time,  to  consult  with  you 
on  the  propriety  of  calling  the  Committee  of  Correspondence,  or  of  their 
undertaking,  when  met,  to  advise  in  a  matter  of  so  great  difficulty,  and 
BO  much  importance  to  the  liberties  of  all  America,  before  it  has  been 
fully  debated  and  considered  by  the  representatives  of  the  whole  prov- 
ince, and  without  their  special  order.  However,  should  you  continue  in 
your  opinion  that  '  the  calling  of  the  Committee  can  be  attended  with 
no  disagreeable  consequences  but  will  answer  a  good  purpose'  before  my 
coming  to  the  city,  I  hope  you  will  not  delay  it  on  account  of  my  ab- 
sence, which  is  unavoidable."  ] 

Meantime  the  proposal  for  a  Continental  Congress  had 
been  received  and  met  with  favor,  Mr.  Galloway  himself 
approving  of  such  a  meeting.  He  thought,  however,  that 
it  was  of  the  greatest  importance  that  the  delegates  be 
elected  by  the  legally  constituted  Assemblies  of  the  Colonies 
and  not  by  illegal  and  unauthorized  gatherings  of  irrespon- 
sible persons.2  His  opinions  are  so  clearly  expressed  in  the 
letter  which  the  Committee  of  Correspondence  sent  to 
Massachusetts,  June  28,  that  it  is  here  given  at  length : 

' '  It  behooves  us  cooly  and  dispassionately  to  meditate  on  the  conse- 
quences [of  the  Boston  Port  Bill]  and  to  leave  no  rational  or  probable 
means  unessayed  to  avoid  them  and  to  obtain  that  relief  which  our 
rights  as  English  subjects  entitle  us  to  demand.  What  those  means 
ought  to  be,  we  think  the  several  branches  of  the  American  legislatures, 
in  which  the  people  are  constitutionally  represented  and  who  are  vested 
with  their  whole  powers,  ought  to  determine.  We  therefore  only  pre- 
sume to  give  you  our  private  sentiments,  which  must  ever  be  subject  to 
the  amendment  and  control  of  the  body  of  which  we  are  only  members, 
when  we  again  mix  with  them.  We  hope  and  earnestly  recommend 
that  the  great  cause  of  American  rights  may  be  left  to  the  management 
of  the  representatives  of  the  people  in  every  colony,  as  they  alone  are 
vested  with  the  constitutional  power  of  inquiring  into  and  redressing 

1  Manuscript  letter  of  Galloway  to  Samuel  Ehoads  and  Thomas 
Mifflin,  dated  at  "Trevose,"  May  30,  1774  (Historical  Society  of 
Pennsylvania  Collections).  Trevose  was  the  name  of  Mr.  Galloway's 
country-seat. 

3  In  his  testimony  before  the  Loyalist  Commission  (1784)  Mr.  Gal- 
loway said  that  he  expected  to  meet  representatives  from  the  various 
Assemblies  at  the  Congress,  and  had  they  been  such,  America  would 
never  have  revolted. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  305 

those  grievances,  under  which  the  subject  may  at  any  time  be  oppressed. 
Until  this  measure  shall  be  fairly  attempted,  and  a  failure  shall  ensue,  we 
cannot  conceive  the  present  dispute  between  Great  Britain  and  the  colo- 
nies can  with  any  propriety  or  prudence  be  assumed  by  any  other  person 
whatever,  or  that  in  other  hands  any  good  consequences  can  be  rationally 
expected.  And  as  we  are  in  a  state  of  society  where  order,  reason,  and 
policy  ought  to  prevail,  every  measure  which  can  only  serve  to  irritate 
and  not  convince,  every  act  of  violence  or  even  appearance  of  it,  should 
be  carefully  avoided,  as  they  cannot,  under  our  present  circumstances, 
obtain  us  that  relief  we  desire,  and  have  a  right  to  expect ;  but  on  the 
contrary,  may  involve  all  America  in  difficulties  which  no  after  wisdom 
or  prudence  can  surmount.  A  Congress  of  delegates  chosen  either  by 
the  representatives  in  Assembly  or  by  them  in  convention  appears  to  us 
the  first  proper  step  to  be  taken.  Nor  are  we  dubious  but  that  it  may 
be  happily  effected  in  a  short  time,  should  calm  and  prudent  measures 
be  pursued  to  obtain  it.  In  this  Congress  composed  of  the  Representa- 
tives constitutionally  chosen,  of  all  concerned  and  who  would  of  course 
act  with  weight  and  authority  something  might  be  produced,  by  their 
united  wisdom,  to  ascertain  our  rights,  and  establish  a  political  union  be- 
tween the  two  countries  with  the  assent  of  both,  which  would  effectually 
secure  to  Americans  their  future  rights  and  privileges.  Anything  short 
of  this  will  leave  the  colonies  in  their  present  precarious  state,  disunited 
among  themselves,  unsettled  in  their  rights,  ignorant  of  their  duties, 
and  destitute  of  that  connection  with  Great  Britain  which  is  indispen- 
sably necessary  to  the  safety  and  happiness  of  both."  l 

This  circular  letter,  which  was  more  of  a  protest  against 
the  popular  meetings  then  being  held  in  the  different 
Colonies  than  an  encouragement  to  the  Boston  patriots, 
is  interesting  as  containing  the  first  suggestion  of  a  plan  of 
union  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Galloway,  for  this,  it  must  be  ad- 
mitted, was  inspired  by  him.  It  was  very  severely  criticised 
by  the  popular  party,  however.  It  was  what  might  have 
been  expected  from  "  Americanus,"  they  said.  It  was  to 
no  purpose  anyway ;  nor  was  it  clear  by  what  authority  its 
signers  called  themselves  the  Committee  of  Correspondence; 
certainly  it  was  not  the  Provincial  Committee  of  Corre- 
spondence. But  the  people  of  the  Province  would  disown 
it  and  authorize  their  true  Committee  to  write  something 
that  would  really  be  to  the  purpose.2 

1  Force,  American  Archives,  Vol.  I.  p.  486.  f  Ibid. 

V(XL.  XXVI. — 20 


I 

306  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

So  pronounced  were  the  views  of  Mr.  Galloway,  and  so 
opposed  was  he  to  the  measures  aimed  at  by  the  popular 
leaders,  that  these  were  not  disappointed  when  Governor 
Penn  refused  to  call  a  meeting  of  the  Assembly  to  take 
action  on  the  proposal  for  a  Congress  and  to  appoint  dele- 
gates.1 It  was  thought  advisable,  however,  to  ask  the 
Speaker  to  summon  a  meeting  of  the  Assembly  to  consult 
on  public  affairs,  and  he  assented.2  His  action  was  unneces- 
sary, though,  for  a  sudden  Indian  uprising  caused  the  Gov- 
ernor to  issue  the  summons. 

Mr.  Galloway's  willingness  to  have  the  Assembly  take 
some  action  regarding  the  Congress  was  due,  of  course,  to 
his  fear  lest  the  popular  party,  under  the  leadership  of  John 
Dickinson  and  Charles  Thomson,  should  throw  the  influence 
of  Pennsylvania  over  to  the  side  of  what  he  was  pleased  to 
call  the  independents.  He  was  anxious  to  prevent  what  he 
regarded  as  the  illegal  and  meddlesome  influence  of  those 
spirits.3  And  although  the  Provincial  Congress,  which 
was  then  holding  its  meetings  in  the  city,  presented  to  the 
Assembly  some  lengthy  "  instructions,"  these  were  ignored, 
as  was  also  the  evident  wish  of  the  Congress  that  John 
Dickinson  be  appointed  one  of  the  delegates  to  the  Con- 
tinental Congress.  The  Assembly  appointed  the  delegates 
from  its  own  number  (thus  barring  out  Dickinson,  who  was 
not  then  a  member)  and  prepared  their  instructions  con- 
formably to  the  wishes  of  Mr.  Galloway,  who,  upon  this 
condition,  and  at  their  earnest  solicitation,  consented  to 
serve  as  a  delegate  himself.4 

1  Thomson  to  Drayton,  Stille,  Memoirs  Historical  Society  of  Penn- 
sylvania, Vol.  XIII.  Appendix. 

2  Keith's  "  Provincial  Councillors. "     Gordon's  "History  of  Pennsyl- 
vania," p.  490. 

3  The   night  before  the   Provincial   Congress  visited  the   Assembly 
(which  they  did  in  a  body)  a  paper  was  distributed  among  the  members 
of  the  Legislature  which  was  thoroughly  Gallowayan.     It  warned  them 
to  be  on  their  guard  against  the  insidious  influence  of  the  Provincial 
committees.     "  It  is  the  beginning  of  Kepublicanism, "  it  declared.     It 
also  contained  a  quotation  from  Hume  on  "mobs." 

4  Examination,  p.   42;    Bancroft,  "History  of  the  United  States," 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  307 

Mr.  Galloway's  position  and  intentions  regarding  the  first 
Continental  Congress  are  clearly  manifest  from  both  his 
public  acts  and  private  correspondence.  He  was  opposed 
to  the  policy  of  the  British  ministry,  but  extremely  averse 
to  the  rash  measures  proposed  by  the  Bostonians  and  Vir- 
ginians,— measures  which  he  believed  could  lead  only  to 
revolution  and  were  so  intended.1  He  realized  that  the 
passage  of  the  Stamp  Act  had  had  very  unfortunate  results 
in  both  England  and  America,  and  thought  that  both  coun- 
tries should  retreat  a  little  and  take  other  grounds.2  He 
was  also  firmly  opposed  to  allowing  the  fiery  independents1 
to  take  the  lead  in  these  important  questions.  In  his  opin- 
ion, they  comprised  the  baser  elements  of  society,  the  danger- 
ous classes,  men  without  property  or  influence ;  and  as  a 
man  of  wealth  and  influence  he  feared  the  rule  of  men  who 
had  nothing  to  lose  and  no  property  interests  to  subserve. 
He  thought  that  the  establishment  of  a  standing  army  in 
their  midst  would  be  serviceable  not  only  as  a  restraint  upon 
these  turbulent  spirits,  but  as  a  defence  against  the  French 
and  Indians ;  without  the  powerful  aid  of  the  mother  coun- 
try, America  would  soon  sink  into  anarchy.3  And  so  far  as 
the  particular  point  in  dispute  affected  Pennsylvania,  its 
charter  expressly  reserved  to  the  King  and  Parliament  the 
right  of  taxation  by  duties  on  commerce.4  Mr.  Galloway, 

Vol.  IV.  p.  33.  His  experience  in  political  life,  his  familiarity  with 
affairs,  and  his  controlling  influence  over  the  Assembly  made  his  ap- 
pointment eminently  fitting  and  certain.  But  he  was  a  man  who  would 
not  go  unless  he  could  go  "his  way.'7  His  expressed  conviction  that 
only  legal  Assemblies  should  act  in  the  matter  conveniently  excluded 
the  famous  farmer. 

Galloway  to   Franklin,   January  13,  1766.     (Sparks,  "Franklin's 
Works,"  Vol.  VII.  p.  303.) 

2  Galloway  to  Eichard  Jackson,  August  10,  1774.    (Hist.  MSS.  Com- 
mission, Vol.  XIV.  p.  10.) 

3  Examination,  note,  p.  44. 

4  Ibid.    Mr.  Galloway,  in  his  "  Eeply"  to  "  An  Address  to  the  Author 
of  the  Candid  Examination,"  said,  "  Persuade  not  yourselves  to  believe 
what  one  of  you  has  said,  that  '  you  can  find  employment  in  America 
for  all  the  British  troops.1      For   you  may  as  well  attempt  to  scale 


308  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

as  a  representative  frcfm  that  Colony,  could  not  consistently 
object  to  such  taxation.  And  non-importation  he  did  not 
believe  in,  and  hoped  to  prevent  the  adoption  of  such  a 
policy  by  the  Congress.1 

But  Mr.  Galloway  did  have  a  firm  conviction  that  there 
was  a  grave  defect  in  the  British  Constitution,  and  that 
the  aim  of  the  disputants  should  be  to  remedy  that  defect 
and  establish  a  closer  political  union.2  To  this  end  he  pre- 
pared the  instructions  which  definitely  required  the  dele- 
gates from  Pennsylvania  to  exert  their  "  utmost  endeavors 
to  form  and  adopt  a  plan  which  shall  afford  the  best  pros- 
pect of  obtaining  a  redress  of  American  grievances,  ascer- 
taining American  rights  and  establishing  that  union  and 
harmony  which  is  most  essential  to  the  welfare  and  happi- 
ness of  both  countries."3 

When  Mr.  Galloway  was  appointed  a  delegate  to  the 
Congress  he  felt  that  there  was  little  prospect  of  his  doing 
any  good ;  he  realized  that  he  was  almost  alone  in  his  views 
among  the  men  who  were  taking  the  lead  in  the  dispute.4 
But  as  the  delegates  began  to  arrive  and  he  found  opportu- 
nity to  present  his  views  to  them  in  informal  conversations, 
he  was  more  encouraged.  In  a  letter  to  William  Franklin 
dated  September  3, 1774,  he  comments  on  the  temper  of  the 
delegates,  and  mentions  the  efforts  he  has  already  taken  to 
form  a  party  among  them  committed  to  his  measures ;  he 
said  that  nearly  two-thirds  of  the  delegates  had  arrived  : 

"  I  have  not  had  any  great  opportunity  of  sounding  them,  but  so  far 
as  I  have,  I  think  they  will  behave  with  temper  and  moderation.  The 


the  moon  and  wrench  her  from  her  orbit  as  withstand  the  power  of 
Britain." 

1  Governor  Franklin  to  Dartmouth.  (New  Jersey  Archives,  Vol.  X. 
p.  474.) 

2 Governor  Golden  to  Dartmouth,  December  7,  1774,  "Documents 
relating  to  the  Colonial  History  of  New  York,"  Vol.  VIII.  p.  513. 

8  See  Appendix  B. 

4 Galloway  to  Eichard  Jackson,  August  10,  1774.  ("Hist.  MSS. 
Commission,"  Vol.  XIV.  p.  10.) 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  309 

Boston  Commissioners  are  warm  and,  I  believe,  wish  for  a  non-importa- 
tion agreement,  and  hope  the  colonies  will  advise  and  justify  them  in  a 
refusal  to  pay  for  the  tea  until  their  grievances  are  redressed ;  they  are 
in  their  behavior  and  conversation  very  modest ;  and  yet  they  are  not  so 
much  so  as  not  to  throw  out  hints,  which  like  straws  and  feathers,  tell 
us  from  which  point  of  the  compass  the  wind  comes  ;  I  dined  with 
them  on  Thursday. 

"I  have  had  two  opportunities,  one  with  the  elder  Rutledge  of  Caro- 
lina, whose  sentiments  and  mine  differ  in  no  one  particular,  so  far  as  I 
explained  myself,  and  I  was  reserved  in  no  point  save  that  of  a  repre- 
sentation in  Parliament.  He  is  a  gentleman  of  an  amiable  character, 
has  looked  into  the  argument  on  both  sides  more  fully  than  any  I  have 
met  with,  and  seems  to  be  aware  of  all  the  consequences  which  may  at- 
tend rash  and  imprudent  measures.  His  younger  brother  is  rather  warm. 
My  other  opportunity  was  with  the  two  New  Hampshire  gentlemen.  I 
found  Col.  Folsom  very  cool  and  moderate  ;  Major  Sullivan  rather  more 
warm,  but  very  candid  and  has  thought  solidly  on  the  subject.  I  think 
neither  of  them  intends  to  attach  himself  more  to  the  particular  cause 
of  Boston  than  will  be  for  the  general  good.  They  requested  opportuni- 
ties of  exchanging  sentiments  with  me  often  on  the  occasion  ;  and  all  my 
observations  seemed  to  have  full  weight  with  them.  The  Marylanders 
are  not  arrived  and  but  three  of  the  Virginians.  .  .  . 

"I  have  intimated  to  several  of  the  delegates  the  necessity  of  sending 
Commissioners  over  fully  authorized  to  the  British  Court,  as  a  mode 
pursued  by  the  Koman,  Grecian  and  Macedonian  Colonies,  on  every 
occasion  of  like  natures.  That  through  them  we  may  be  enabled,  in  case 
our  first  plan  for  accommodating  our  unhappy  differences  should  not  be 
acceptable,  to  know  the  better  what  to  propose  next.  That  having  these 
gentlemen  at  the  scene  of  action  we  shall  be  no  longer  misled  by  news- 
paper accounts  and  private  letters,  but  shall  proceed  on  solid  informa- 
tion and  principles  of  safety.  That  without  this  any  petitions  or  plans, 
not  having  any  persons  to  explain  or  support  them,  will  have  very  little 
effect.  That  in  all  probability  the  measures  of  the  present  Congress  will 
be  deemed  illegal  and  unconstitutional,  and  that  upon  this  point  only 
the  necessity  of  sending  persons  home  to  insist  in  the  right  in  the  colo- 
nies of  being  heard  and  to  prove  that  the  illegality  of  the  Congress  arises 
of  power  in  not  suffering  the  Assemblies  to  meet ;  and  if,  after  all,  those 
reasons  should  not  procure  due  attention  to  the  propositions  of  the  Con- 
gress, to  pray  that  the  Governors  may  have  orders  to  permit  such  meet- 
ings and  to  give  assurances  that  their  conduct  will  be  decent,  respectful, 
and  dutiful  to  the  mother  state.  That  a  conduct  of  this  kind  cannot  fail 
to  give  strength  to  our  cause,  and  if  not  immediately,  in  the  end  bring  the 
government  to  attend  to  reason  and  redress  our  grievances.  These  inti- 


310  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

mations  seemed  to  have  their  weight ;  and  as  far  as  I  could  observe  met 
with  approbation. " 

The  first  day's  proceedings  of  the  Congress  did  not  en- 
courage Mr.  Galloway,  however,  but  served  rather  to 
dampen  his  ardor : 

"  The  Congress  this  day  met  at  Carpenters'  Hall,  notwithstanding  the 
offer  of  the  Assembly  Room,  a  much  more  proper  place. 2  They  next 
proceeded  to  choose  a  Secretary,  and  to  my  surprise,  Charles  Thomson 
(one  of  the  most  violent  sons  of  Liberty  so  called  in  America)  was  unani- 
mously elected.  The  New  Yorkers  and  myself  and  a  few  others,  finding 
a  great  majority,  did  not  think  it  prudent  to  oppose  it.  Both  of  these 
measures  it  seems  were  privately  settled  by  an  interest  made  out  of 
doors. 

"I  cannot  say  but  from  this  day's  appearance  of  proceedings  I  have 
altered  very  much  my  last  sentiments.  The  Virginians  and  Carolinians 
(Rutledge  excepted)  seem  much  among  the  Bostonians,  and  have  at 
their  instance  adopted  the  two  above  measures.  The  gentlemen  from 
New  York  have  as  little  expectations  of  much  satisfaction  from  the 
event  of  things  as  myself."  8 

This  action  of  the  Congress  made  it  evident  to  Mr.  Gal- 
loway that  his  efforts  to  persuade  that  body  to  adopt  a  policy 
of  conciliation  and  plan  of  union  would  meet  with  serious 
opposition.  His  view  of  the  situation,  as  later  expressed  in 
the  "  Historical  and  Political  Reflections/'  while  extremely 
prejudiced,  was  his  honest  conviction : 

* '  Upon  the  meeting  of  the  Congress  two  parties  were  immediately 
formed  with  different  views  and  determined  to  act  on  different  princi- 

1  Galloway  to  William  Franklin,  September  3,   1774  (enclosed  in  a 
letter  from  Franklin  to  Dartmouth,  New  Jersey  Archives,  First  Series, 
Vol.  X.  p.  475). 

2  Mr.  Galloway  had  offered  the  use  of  the  Assembly  Room.    The  New 
York  delegates  thought,  if  it  was  as  convenient  as  the  Carpenters'  Hall, 
it  ought  to  be  preferred,  as  it  was  a  Provincial  instead  of  a  private  house 
(Flanders,  "Lives  and  Times  of  the  Chief- Justices,"  Vol.  I.  p.  82). 
The  desire  to  please  the  mechanics  influenced  the  choice,  however  (Ban- 
croft, Vol.  VII.  p.  127),  and  the  Provincial  Congress  had  held  its  meet- 
ings there. 

3  Galloway  to  William  Franklin,  September  5,   1774.     (New  Jersey 
Archives,  Vol.  X.  p.  477.) 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  311 

pies.  One  intended  candidly  and  clearly  to  define  American  rights  and 
explicitly  and  dutifully  to  petition  for  the  remedy  which  would  redress 
the  grievances  justly  complained  of — to  form  a  more  solid  and  constitu- 
tional union  between  the  two  countries  and  to  avoid  every  measure 
which  tended  to  sedition,  or  acts  of  violent  opposition. 

' '  The  other  consisted  of  persons  whose  design  from  the  beginning  of 
their  opposition  to  the  Stamp  Act,  was  to  throw  off  all  subordination 
and  connection  with  Great  Britain ;  who  meant  by  every  fiction,  false- 
hood and  fraud  to  delude  the  people  from  their  due  allegiance,  to  throw 
the  subsisting  governments  into  anarchy,  to  incite  the  ignorant  and  vul- 
gar to  arms  and  with  those  same  to  establish  American  Independence." 

As  soon  as  the  Congress  was  organized,  several  commit- 
tees were  appointed  for  the  consideration  of  the  various 
matters  which  were  to  come  before  it.  Mr.  Galloway  was 
assigned  to  the  Committee  for  stating  the  Rights  and  Griev- 
ances of  the  Colonies,  and  from  the  notes  in  John  Adams's 
diary  we  find  that  he  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  debates 
of  that  important  committee. 

A  lively  discussion  took  place  on  September  8.  The  ques- 
tion under  consideration  was  a  fundamental  one, — namely, 
the  basis  of  their  rights.  Was  it  to  be  found  in  the  law  of 
nature,  in  the  British  Constitution,  or  in  the  American  char- 
ters ?  Mr.  Galloway  waited  until  he  had  heard  the  opin- 
ions of  the  others,  and  then  spoke  at  length.1  He  said 
that  he  could  not  find  the  rights  of  Americans  in  the  refined 
distinctions  between  taxation  and  legislation,  between  inter- 
nal and  external  taxation,  between  taxes  laid  for  the  purpose 
of  revenue  and  for  the  regulation  of  trade,  or  between  the 
right  in  Parliament  to  bind  the  Colonies  by  some  laws  and 
not  by  all.  Those  were  distinctions  without  a  difference, 
and  could  they  be  supported  they  could  not  draw  from  them 
anything  beneficial  to  the  freedom  of  the  Colonies.  He  had 
searched  for  them  in  the  common  law,  in  the  usage  and  cus- 
toms of  England,  in  the  statutes  and  laws  and  journals  of 

1  This  analysis  of  Mr.  Galloway's  remarks  is  based  on  the  ''Argu- 
ments on  Both  Sides"  and  the  "Notes"  in  Adams's  diary.  Their  es- 
sential agreement  indicates  conclusively  that  the  remarks  were  substan- 
tially the  contents  of  the  "Arguments,"  etc. 


I 
312  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

Parliament,  but  they  were  not  to  be  found.  Nor  could  we 
find  them  in  the  law  of  God  and  nature,  because  they  were 
not  in  a  state  of  nature ;  nor  on  the  common  rights  of  man- 
kind, nor  on  American  charters,  but  always  in  a  state  of 
political  society.  "  I  have  looked  for  them  in  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  English  government"  and  the  principles  and 
policy  upon  which  it  is  founded,  and  there  found  them. 
He  then  gave  voice  to  an  honest  conviction  which  twenty 
years  of  legal  and  legislative  experience  had  formed  and 
which  was  the  key  to  his  whole  political  career, — namely, 
that  "  power  results  from  the  real  property  of  a  society," 
and  wherever  it  is  lodged  it  is  intended  for  its  protection 
and  security.  And  as  the  lands  of  every  community  are 
the  most  permanent  and  unchangeable  of  all  kinds  of  prop- 
erty, the  supreme  heads  of  most  states,  not  despotic,  derive 
their  power  chiefly  from  the  landed  interest.  The  states  of 
Greece,  Macedonia  and  Rome  were  founded  on  this  plan,  and 
none  but  landholders  could  vote  in  the  comitia  or  stand  for 
offices. 

The  English  Constitution  was  founded  on  the  same  prin- 
ciple. Among  the  Saxons  the  proprietors  of  the  land  were 
obliged  to  attend  the  legislative  council  and  shared  the 
power  of  making  laws.  The  same  principle  was  continued 
in  the  Norman  period.  And  when  the  landholders  could 
not  all  attend,  the  representatives  of  the  freeholders  came  in. 
Before  the  reign  of  Henry  IV.  an  attempt  was  made  to 
give  the  tenants-in-capite  a  right  to  vote.  This  power  of 
legislation  had  ever  been  fully  enjoyed  by  English  subjects 
and  landholders,  except  when  invaded  by  arbitrary  power  ; 
but  it  had  been  uniformly  restored.  King  John  in  Magna 
Charta  agreed  not  to  impose  any  taxes  without  summoning 
the  archbishops,  bishops,  abbots,  earls,  barons,  and  tenants- 
in-capite,  who  held  all  the  lands  in  England.  And  it  is  of 
the  essence  of  the  English  Constitution  "  that  no  laws  shall 
be  binding  but  such  as  are  made  by  the  consent  of  the  pro- 
prietors in  England." 

"  How  then  did  it  stand  with  our  ancestors  when  they 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  313 

came  over  here  ?  They  could  not  be  bound  by  any  laws 
made  by  the  British  Parliament  excepting  those  made 
before.  I  never  could  see  any  reason  to  allow  that  we  are 
bound  to  any  law  made  since,  nor  could  I  ever  make  any 
distinction  between  the  sorts  of  law."  Their  rights,  there- 
fore, might  be  reduced  to  one, — namely,  an  exemption  from 
all  laws  made  by  Parliament  since  the  emigration  of  their 
ancestors.  It  followed  from  that  that  all  acts  of  Parlia- 
ment made  since  were  violations  of  their  rights.  These 
claims  he  held  to  be  defensible  upon  the  principles  even  of 
their  enemies. 

He  concluded  by  admitting  that  his  arguments  tended  to 
independency  and  opposed  the  "  maxim  that  there  must  be 
some  absolute  power  to  draw  together  all  the  wills  and 
strength  of  the  empire."  Whether  he  stated  at  that  time 
how  he  would  meet  the  difficulty,  Adams's  notes  do  not 
indicate.  It  is  not  unlikely  that  he  did,  for  he  later  said 
that  he  had  previously  mentioned  his  purpose  to  introduce 
a  plan  of  union.  While  he  denied  that  the  Colonies  owed 
obedience  to  the  supreme  authority  of  Britain,  he  thought 
that  such  a  denial,  accompanied  by  an  express  desire  of 
establishing  a  political  union  with  the  mother  country 
which  would  remove  all  differences,  would  not  be  offensive 
or  indelicate,  but  justifiable. 

Mr.  Galloway  vigorously  combated  the  proposal  for  a 
non-intercourse  agreement,  and  he  was  not  only  not  alone 
in  this  (for  Duane  also  opposed  it),  but  was  wiser  than  his 
colleagues,  in  that  he  foresaw  that  the  effect  of  it  would  be 
more  disastrous  to  the  Colonies  than  to  the  mother  country. 
The  policy  was  adopted,  nevertheless,  September  27. 

When  he  had  announced  early  in  the  Congress  that  it 
was  his  purpose  to  introduce  a  plan  of  union,  some  objec- 
tions had  been  offered.  He  postponed  it,  therefore,  hoping 
to  "  hear  a  more  effectual  one,"  determined  to  support  any 
measure  which  might  tend  to  reconciliation.  He  was  un- 
willing to  delay  longer,  however,  and  September  28  pre- 
sented his  plan  with  a  speech  in  which  he  sought  to  prove 


314  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

the  necessity  of  a  supreme  authority  over  them,  tracing 
Colonial  rights  to  their  origin,  and  showing  the  necessity  of 
a  union  with  the  mother  country  for  their  recovery.1 

He  thought  that  non-importation  would  he  too  gradual 
in  its  operation  for  the  relief  of  Boston,  and  non-exportation 
he  considered  an  "  undigested  proposition."  America  could 
not  exist  under  a  total  non-exportation.  Pennsylvania 
would  have  "  tens  of  thousands  of  people  thrown  upon  the 
cold  hand  of  charity."  Shipping  would  rot,  seamen  would 
go  hungry,  shipwrights  remain  idle,  and  agriculture  would 
be  affected.  Then  it  would  weaken  them  in  "  another 
struggle"  which  he  feared  was  "  too  near."  In  explaining 
his  plan  he  considered  it  necessary  to  state  a  number  of 
facts  relating  to  the  two  countries,  Great  Britain  and 
America,  which  he  hoped  would  not  be  disagreeable.  He 
called  attention  to  the  last  war,  when  America  was  "  in  the 
greatest  danger  of  destruction."  Massachusetts  and  the 
Albany  Congress  of  1754  had  declared  it,  and  had  called 
attention  to  their  disunion  and  lack  of  an  "  indifferent 
arbiter"  between  them.  "  Requisitions  came  over.  A 
number  of  the  colonies  gave  most  extensively  and  liberally ; 
others  gave  nothing  or  late.  Pennsylvania  gave  late,  not  for 
want  of  zeal  or  loyalty,  but  owing  to  their  disputes  with 
Proprietors,  their  disunited  state.  These  delinquencies  were 
handed  up  to  the  parent  state,  and  these  gave  occasion  to 
the  Stamp  Act,  America  with  the  greatest  reason  and 
justice  complained  of  the  Stamp  Act. 

"  Had  they  proposed  some  plan  of  policy,  some  negotia- 
tion been  set  afoot,  it  would  have  terminated  in  the  most 
happy  harmony  between  the  two  countries.  They  repealed 
the  Stamp  Act,  but  they  passed  the  Declaratory  Act. 

"  Without  some  supreme  legislature,  some  common  arbi- 
ter, you  are  not,  say  they,  part  of  the  state, 

"  I  am  as  much  a  friend  of  liberty  as  exists ;  and  no  man 
shall  go  further  in  point  of  fortune,  or  in  point  of  blood, 
than  the  man  who  now  addresses  you." 

1  Adams,  "Life  of  John  Adams,"  Vol.  II.  p.  387. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  315 

He  sustained  his  arguments  by  quotations  from  the 
political  philosophers  Burlamaqui,  Grotius,  Puffendorf,  and 
Hooker.  He  declared  the  necessity  of  a  union  of  wills  and 
strength,  and  made  a  distinction  between  a  state  and  a  multi- 
tude :  "  a  state  is  animated  by  one  soul."  He  again  declared 
that  they  were  not  within  the  circle  of  the  supreme  juris- 
diction of  the  Parliament,  but  independent  states.  The  law 
of  Great  Britain  did  not  bind  them  in  any  case  whatever. 
But  they  needed  the  aid  and  assistance  and  protecting  arm 
of  the  mother  country.  But  protection  and  allegiance 
were  reciprocal  duties.  Could  they  lay  claim  to  the  money 
and  protection  of  Great  Britain  on  any  principles  of  honor 
or  conscience  ?  Could  they  wish  to  become  aliens  to  the 
mother  state  ?  No ;  they  must  come  upon  terms  with  Great 
Britain. 

He  knew  of  no  American  Constitution ;  each  Colony  had 
a  constitution,  but  they  were  totally  independent  of  one 
another.  All  agreed  that  Parliament  ought  to  have  the  power 
over  trade,  because  Britain  protected  it  and  them.  Then 
why  not  declare  it  ?  u  Because  Parliament  and  Ministry  is 
wicked  and  corrupt,  and  will  take  advantage  of  such  decla- 
ration to  tax  us,  and  will  also  reason  from  this  acknowledg- 
ment to  further  power  over  us."  But  "we  shall  not.be 
bound  further  than  we  acknowledge  it."  "  Is  it  not  neces- 
sary that  the  trade  of  the  empire  should  be  regulated  by 
some  power  or  other?  Can  the  empire  hold  together 
without  it  ?  No.  Who  shall  regulate  it  ?  Shall  the  legis- 
lature of  Nova  Scotia  or  Georgia  regulate  it  ?  Massachu- 
setts or  Virginia  ?  Pennsylvania  or  New  York  ?  It  can't 
be  pretended.  Our  legislative  powers  extend  no  further 
than  the  limits  of  our  governments.  Where  then  shall  it 
be  placed  ?  There  is  a  necessity  that  an  American  Legis- 
lature should  be  set  up,  or  else  that  we  should  give  the 
power  to  Parliament  or  king." 

The  plan  for  an  American  Legislature  which  Mr.  Gal- 
loway then  proposed,  and  which  will  be  considered  at  length 
in  a  later  chapter,  was  warmly  seconded  by  James  Duane, 


I 
316  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

considered  a  "  perfect  plan"  by  Edward  Eutledge,  and  sup- 
ported by  John  Jay.  Colonel  Lee  objected  that  "it  would 
make  such  changes  in  the  legislatures  of  the  colonies" 
that  he  could  not  agree  to  it  without  consulting  his  con- 
stituents. But  John  Henry  attacked  the  scheme  most 
bitterly.  They  would  merely  free  themselves  from  a  cor- 
rupt House  of  Commons  to  "  throw  them  into  the  arms  of 
an  American  Legislature  that  may  be  bribed  by  that  nation 
which  avows  in  the  face  of  the  world  that  bribery  is  a  part 
of  her  system  of  government."  No,  "  we  are  not  to  consent 
by  the  representatives  of  representatives." 1 

Mr.  Galloway's  forcible  and  earnest  presentation  of  the 
subject  secured  a  sufficient  number  of  votes  to  have  the 
plan  referred  to  further  consideration  "  under  a  rule  for  that 
purpose."2  But  it  was  never  formally  discussed  again. 
Its  author  tried  in  vain  to  secure  it  another  hearing,  but  the 
sentiments  of  the  delegates  underwent  a  change,  and  it  was 
rejected  and  all  reference  to  it  even  expunged  from  the  min- 
utes of  the  Congress.3  The  reasons  for  this  action  cannot  be 
certainly  known,  although  Mr.  Galloway  held  Samuel  Adams 
responsible  for  it.  He  declared  that  the  fear  lest  the  plan 
meet  with  favor  among  their  constituents,  and  so  defeat  their 
measures  for  independence,  led  the  Bostonians  and  Vir- 
ginians to  attempt  to  destroy  all  trace  of  it,  believing  its 
author  would  not  venture  to  publish  it ;  and,  farther,  that 
intimidation  was  used  by  exciting  mobs  among  the  people 
of  Philadelphia  against  him  and  his  supporters.4  And, 
finally,  that,  at  the  close  of  the  session,  when  a  gentleman 
from  Virginia  (Henry  ?)  challenged  him  to  argument  and 

1  Adams  * '  Notes. "     John  Henry  expressed  a  great  aversion  for  Mr. 
Galloway,  and  could  hardly  tolerate  him  in  the  Congress ! 

2  Examination,  p.  45.     The  vote  to  refer  was  six  to  five. 

3  Candid  Examination.     The  account  as  given  by  Mr.  Galloway  is 
accepted  by  Adams  in  his  "Life  of  John  Adams."     Kamsey  ("History 
of  the  Revolution,"  Vol.  I.  p.  411)  says  one  of  the  rules  of  the  Congress 
was  that  "no  entry  should  be  made  on  their  journals  of  any  propositions 
...  to  which  they  did  not  finally  assent." 

*  "Historical  and  Political  Reflections," 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  317 

he  agreed,  it  was  objected  that  the  hurry  and  confusion  of 
closing  afforded  no  suitable  occasion,  and  that  in  the  face 
of  the  fact  that  it  had  been  determined  previously  at  the 
New  Tavern  to  expunge  the  subject  from  the  minutes.1 

Some  other  causes  for  the  rejection  of  the  plan  doubtless 
lay  in  the  opposition  made  by  its  author  to  the  adoption  of 
the  revolutionary  Sussex  Resolves,  and  his  support  of  the 
motion  made  by  Mr.  Ross  that  "  Massachusetts  should  be 
left  to  her  own  discretion  with  respect  to  government  and 
justice,  as  well  as  defence." 2  Furthermore,  the  exclusion  of 
John  Dickinson  from  the  Congress  no  doubt  surprised  and 
offended  many  delegates.  Efforts  were  accordingly  made 
to  secure  his  election  to  the  Assembly  October  1,  1774. 
Success  attended  these  efforts,  and  Dickinson  was  elected, 
and  soon  after  appointed  a  delegate  to  Congress,  where  it 
is  probable  he  exerted  his  influence  against  Mr.  Galloway 
and  his  plan  of  union.3 

Historians  have  alleged  that  Mr.  Galloway,  notwithstand- 
ing the  solemn  promise  made  by  all  the  delegates  not  to 
divulge  the  proceedings  of  the  Congress,  acted  as  a  volun- 
tary spy  for  the  British  ministry.4  This  damaging  assertion 
appears  malicious  and  is  false.  The  charge  is  based  upon 
two  letters  which  were  written  by  Mr.  Galloway  to  his 
friend,  Governor  William  Franklin,  of  ISTew  Jersey,  and  ex- 
tracts from  which  were  sent  by  him  to  Lord  Dartmouth, 

1  Reply  to  the  "Address  to  the  Author  of  the  Candid  Examination." 

2  Adams,  < '  Life  of  John  Adams,' '  Vol.  IX.  p.  349.  The  Sussex  Resolves 
were  strongly  opposed  by  Galloway  and  Duane.    ' '  When  overruled,  they 
asked  permission  to  enter  a  protest  against  it  on  the  journals,  which  was 
refused.     On  leaving  Congress  they  exchanged  memoranda  to  the  effect 
that  they  had  objected  to  it  on  the  ground  of  its  treasonableness. " 
(Frothingham,  "  Rise  of  the  Republic,"  p.  369.)     They  even  thought  of 
leaving  Congress,  but  were  advised  by  friends  to  remain  for  fear  of  tumult 
in  the  city. 

3  The  Plan  is  said  to  have  been  expunged  from  the  minutes  October  22 
by  a  vote  of  six  Colonies  to  five.    (See  Mag.  Am.  Hist.,  Vol.  III.  p.  259.) 

4  Bancroft,  "History  of  the  United  States,"  Vol.  VII.  p.  126.    Wells, 
"Life  of  Samuel  Adams,"  Vol.  II.  p.  228. 


318  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

September  6,  1774.1 '"  The  first  of  these  letters  contains  an 
account  of  the  gathering  of  the  delegates  to  Congress,  with 
comments  upon  their  dispositions.  This  is  dated  September 
3,  1774,  two  days  before  the  Congress  met.  The  second 
letter,  dated  September  5, 1774,  the  day  Congress  convened, 
gives  an  account  of  the  first  day's  proceedings.  These  let- 
ters purport  to  be  from  one  of  the  delegates  to  the  Con- 
gress at  Philadelphia,  and  are  undeniably  from  the  hand  of 
Mr.  Galloway  himself.  Franklin  said  that  they  were  "  com- 
munications made  to  me  by  a  gentleman  of  character,  in 
confidence  that  they  will  be  kept  entirely  secret."  This 
certainly  indicates  that  there  was  no  expectation  of  their 
being  transmitted  to  England.  There  was  no  impropriety 
in  writing  them,  and  there  was  good  reason  for  having  such 
correspondence  kept  secret  at  that  time.  They  were  writ- 
ten by  one  friend  to  another  on  matters  in  which  both  were 
extremely  interested ;  but  Franklin  was  a  Royal  Governor, 
and  had  it  become  known  that  Mr.  Galloway  was  in  corre- 
spondence with  him  on  matters  connected  with  the  Con- 
gress, however  proper  such  correspondence,  the  writer 
would  have  been  greatly  embarrassed  in  his  efforts  to  pro- 
mote harmony  in  the  Congress  or  secure  the  adoption  of  a 
plan  so  contrary  to  the  intentions  of  the  patriots.  De- 
termined characters  like  the  Adamses  and  Henry  would 
have  taken  advantage  of  such  a  thing  and  used  it  to  dis- 
credit Galloway  and  destroy  his  influence. 

But  these  letters  are  dated  and  relate  to  matters  previous 
to  the  adoption  of  the  rule  forbidding  members  to  divulge 
the  proceedings  of  the  Congress.  That  rule  was  not  adopted 
until  September  6,  or  the  second  day  of  the  meeting  of 
Congress,  and  after  Mr.  Galloway  wrote  the  letters  to 
Franklin. 

One  of  the  letters  contained  the  following  sentence: 
"  You  may  depend  on  my  communicating  to  you  from  time 
to  time  the  transactions  of  the  Congress."  No  evidence 
has  been  discovered  to  indicate  that  Mr.  Galloway  ever  did 

1  Quoted  ante,  pages  308-310. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  319 

this,  and  the  fact  that  Governor  Franklin  knew  nothing 
about  the  proceedings  of  the  Congress  except  what  were 
published,  as  is  evident  from  his  later  correspondence,  sup- 
ports the  contention.  Furthermore,  it  may  be  noticed  that 
little  is  known  of  the  proceedings  of  the  first  Continental 
Congress,  and  particularly  concerning  its  action  on  the  plan 
of  union. 

Still  more  interesting  evidence  in  support  of  the  theory 
that  Mr.  Galloway,  in  his  correspondence  with  Governor 
Franklin,  was  unaware  of  the  use  being  made  of  it,  appears 
in  a  letter  written  by  the  latter  to  Earl  Dartmouth  some 
months  after  the  meeting  of  the  Congress,  containing  an 
account  of  the  proceedings  in  the  Pennsylvania  Assembly 
early  in  1775.  Franklin  wrote, — 

' '  They  were  not  wrote  with  the  least  intention  of  any  such  communi- 
cation but  merely  as  private  intelligence  from  one  friend  to  another." 

And  in  the  same  letter  he  said, — 

"As  the  persons  from  whom  I  may  procure  intelligence  will  most 
probably  be  entirely  ignorant  of  my  intentions  of  communicating  it  to 
his  Majesty  or  his  ministers,  and  as  it  is  best  they  should  be  so,  lest 
they  might  be  deterred  from  giving  me  information,  it  is  of  the  utmost 
consequence  that  it  should  be  kept  as  secret  as  possible."1 

Immediately  after  the  adjournment  of  Congress,  Mr.  Gal- 
loway went  to  New  York,  where  he  met  Governor  Colden.2 
There  is  nothing  in  the  latter's  published  correspondence, 
however,  to  indicate  that  Mr.  Galloway  conveyed  to  him 
any  secret  or  improper  information. 

Benjamin  Franklin  received  the  intimation  in  England 
that  Mr.  Galloway  was  concerned  with  Mr.  Jay,  of  New 
York,  in  giving  the  ministry  private  intelligence.  He 

1  Governor  Franklin  to  Earl  Dartmouth,  April  3,  1775.    (New  Jersey 
Archives,  Vol.  X.  p.  570.)     That  Mr.   Galloway  sent  information  in- 
tended for  the  ministry  after  he  joined  the  British  there  is  no  question, 
and  he  never  denied  it. 

2  Governor  Colden  to  Earl  Dartmouth,  December  7,  1774.     ("Docu- 
ments relating  to  Colonial  History  of  New  York,"  Vol.  VIII.  p.  513.) 


320  Joseph  G-alloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

acquainted  Mr.  Galloway  with  the  report,  but  told  him  he 
did  not  believe  it.1 

Mr.  Galloway's  confidential  correspondence  with  intimate 
friends  was  conveyed  to  the  authorities  in  England  without 
doubt,  but  without  his  knowledge  or  consent.  That  he 
acted  as  a  "  voluntary  spy"  is  certainly  not  borne  out  by  the 
facts. 

After  Mr.  Galloway  became  a  pronounced  Tory  he  was 
denounced  for  another  act  in  connection  with  the  Congress. 
He  had  signed  the  non-importation  agreement,  but  sought 
to  impede  its  execution.  His  own  explanation  of  this  is  as 
follows.  Encouraged  by  his  success  in  having  the  plan  of 
union  referred  to  further  consideration,  and  expecting  the 
rule  would  be  regarded  or  some  other  rational  plan  take  its 
place,  he  was  "weakly  led  to  sign  the  non-importation 
agreement,  although  he  had  uniformly  opposed  it."  He 
denied  that  he  signed  it  as  his  own  private  act,  or  that  he 
considered  it  as  binding  on  himself  or  his  constituents. 
Others  did  the  same.  It  was  not  considered  as  his  private 
act  in  the  Congress,  since  he  had  voted  against  many  parts 
of  the  Association  and  particularly  the  non-importation 
agreement ;  nor  did  he  consider  that  a  pledge  that  he  would 
see  it  executed ;  he  never  would  have  signed  it  so.  Con- 
gress knew  this,  and  to  prevail  on  him  to  sign  it  it  was  said 
it  should  be  done  by  order  of  the  Congress,  and  then  it  would 
be  the  act  of  a  majority  and  not  of  each  private  person,  nor 
his  particular  act.  He  compared  it  to  the  case  of  a  Speaker 
who  signed  a  bill  or  other  legislative  act  by  order,  though 
against  his  judgment.  The  clause  next  preceding  the  dele- 
gates' names  proved  the  assertion : 

"  The  foregoing  Association  being  determined  upon  by  the 
Congress,  was  ordered  to  be  signed  by  the  several  members 
thereof,  and  thereupon  we  have  hereunto  set  our  respective 
names  accordingly" 

"  However  just  this  reasoning  may  be  thought,"  said  he, 

1  Benjamin  Franklin  to  Galloway,  February  25,  1775.  (Bigelow, 
"Franklin's  Works,"  Vol.  V.  p.  435.) 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  321 

"  it  was  the  reasoning  of  the  Congress  and  it  was  one  among 
other  reasons  which  prevailed  on  me  and  a  number  of  other 
delegates  to  sign  it."  l 

Although  Mr.  Galloway  had  been  disappointed  in  the 
conduct  of  the  Congress,  and  was  convinced  that  the  meas- 
ures adopted  were  not  the  proper  ones  to  lead  to  a  settle- 
ment of  the  quarrel  with  the  mother  country,  yet  he  seems 
to  have  continued  to  take  an  active  part  until  its  meetings 
closed.  On  October  21  he  was  appointed  to  serve  on  the 
committee  chosen  to  revise  the  minutes.  It  was  in  connec- 
tion with  the  report  of  this  committee  that  the  vote  expung- 
ing his  plan  probably  passed  the  Congress.  While  his  own 
propositions  had  met  with  disfavor,  and  his  plan  of  union 
was  rejected,  he  felt  that  he  had  acted  for  the  best  interests 
of  the  Province  he  represented;  and  he  had  done  so  con- 
scientiously, courageously,  and  persistently. 

1  ' 'Reply  to  An  Address  to  the  Author  of  the  Candid  Examination." 
In  his  testimony  before  the  Loyalist  Commission,  Mr.  Galloway  said  that 
a  further  reason  for  signing  the  non-importation  agreement  was  the  fact 
that  his  friends  "  outside"  advised  it  for  fear  of  trouble  among  the  people. 

(To  be  continued.) 


VOL.  XXVI. — 21 


I 

322    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 


LIFE  OF  MAEGAEET  SHIPPEN,  WIFE  OF  BENEDICT 

AENOLD. 

BY   LEWIS    BURD   WALKER, 

(Continued  from  page  244.) 

PHILADA.  28  March  1802. 
MY  DEAR  DAUGHTER; 

I  am  most  sensibly  affected  by  your  feeling  letter  delivered 
me  by  Mr.  Bond,  who  was  kind  enough  to  forward  my  several 
letters  which  you  regret  the  not  receiving.  Whatever  delays 
may  have  prevented  their  safe  or  speedy  conveyance,  I  have  no 
doubt  they  have  reached  your  hands  long  before  this. 

I  most  sincerely  wish  it  were  in  my  power  to  alleviate  your 
Afflictions,  what  I  can  do  I  certainly  will.  I  inclose  you  a  little 
present  of  £200  Sterling  in  a  Bill  of  Exchange  drawn  by  William 
Wain  on  Bainbridge,  Ansley  &  Co — besides  observing  your 
directions  as  to  sending  £500  Sterling  to  Miss  Fitch  under  cover 
to  Mr.  Coxe  for  the  payment  of  which,  I  have  sold  your  shares 
in  the  Bank  of  North  America  &  Pennsylvania.  I  shall  in 
future  endeavour  to  repeat  a  present  to  you  annually  of  £100 
Sterling  to  enable  you  to  enjoy  some  few  comforts  which  I  fear 
from  your  letter  you  have  been  deprived  of  by  your  distresses. 

It  is  natural  that  you  should  assist  your  Sons  for  whose  wel- 
fare you  seem  so  much  concerned — but  after  the  two  eldest  are 
possessed  of  a  present  provision  and  probably  in  a  way  to 
acquire  a  still  better,  I  should  suppose  they  would  not  in  future, 
when  they  knew  your  situation,  oppress  you  with  their  draughts 
for  money ;  they  will  rather  pinch  themselves  a  little  &  endeav- 
our to  proportion  their  expences  to  their  incomes  : — at  my  death, 
which  from  the  course  of  nature  cannot  be  very  distant,  yon  will 
find  yourself  enabled  further  to  assist  them. 

I  feel  very  grateful  to  Mr.  Coxe  for  his  very  kind  exertions 
in  your  behalf:  if  it  should  ever  be  in  my  power  to  shew  my 
sense  of  them,  I  shall  certainly  demonstrate  it  more  than  by 
words.  I  am  glad  to  find  by  the  death  of  his  Aunt  Eebecca 
Coxe  that  he  will  probably  come  in  for  a  part  of  her  Estate 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.    323 

which  I  am  told  in  land  &  money  will  amount  to  the  value  of 
near  two  Hundred  thousand  Dollars. 

I  am  glad  you  have  taken  a  smaller  house,  &  shew  such  a 
disposition  to  economise.  I  presume  you  find  it  necessary  to 
reside  in  London,  otherwise  I  suppose  you  could  live  with  as 
much  comfort,  and  at  a  much  less  expense  in  some  convenient 
Country  town :  but  as  I  never  had  reason  to  distrust  your  pru- 
dence I  know  you  will  do  in  this  respect  what  is  right. 

All  your  friends  here  desire  to  be  most  cordially  remembered 
to  you. 

I  am  my  dear  Child 

ever  most  affectionately  Yours. 


PHILAD.  13  May  1802. 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY, 

I  have  been  much  affected  by  your  last  letter  rec'd  a  few  days 
ago.  I  feel  exceedingly  for  your  distress  as  well  as  for  the  deli- 
cate Situation  you  are  in ;  but  do  not  my  dear  Child  suffer  your 
mind  to  be  debilitated  by  Anxiety,  consider  your  future  Welfare 
&  that  of  your  Children  may  depend  upon  the  firmness  with 
which  you  support  present  distresses.  I  wonder  much  that  my 
several  letters  have  never  come  to  hand, — three  of  them  contained 
Bills  of  Exchange,  one  for  £120  Sterling,  one  for  £200  &  one  for 
£500,  the  latter  enclosed  according  to  your  directions  to  Miss 
Pitch :  duplicates  of  all  which  I  have  sent  by  different  oppor- 
tunities. 

If  you  should  be  obliged  to  give  up  the  Affairs  of  Gren'l  Ar- 
nold to  his  Creditors,  you  must  of  course  deliver  up  your 
brother's  bond,  which  however  they  may  consider  as  a  desperate 
debt  he  possessing  no  property,  &  depending  for  the  Support 
of  himself  &  family  upon  my  occasional  Assistance,  his  little 
business  as  a  Physician,  being  by  no  means  sufficient ;  if  they 
should  push  him,  he  will  doubtless  take  the  benefit  of  the  Act 
of  Bankruptcy.  I  have  desired  Mr.  Burd  to  write  you  his  Sen- 
timents on  this  Subject. 

I  would  with  the  greatest  pleasure  afford  Mr.  Coxe  every 
assistance  in  my  power  respecting  his  Aunt's  Estate,  being  fully 
satisfied  of  his  Merit  &  kind  exertions  in  your  behalf.  I  have 
written  him  on  this  Subject,  but  find  that  Mr.  Bond  has  before 
informed  him  fully  what  may  be  expected.  I  sincerely  hope  no 
well  founded  objections  will  be  made  to  his  just  Claim,  which 


1 

324    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

Q 

amounts  to  something  very  handsome.  The  family  here  are 
not  disposed  to  throw  any  difficulties  in  his  Way,  and  yet  will 
probably  insist  upon  their  legal  rights  whatever  they  may  be. 
If  the  Question  of  Alienage  should  be  made  in  his  case  &  not  in 
his  Sister's  (as  she  took  no  active  part)  it  would  not  encrease 
their  Share  of  the  Estate,  and  would  only  be  a  matter  between 
Mr.  Coxe  &  Mrs.  Kempe,  about  which  they  would  probably 
not  concern  themselves.  I  hope  however  no  difficulties  will 
arise  from  any  question,  yet  it  would  be  prudent  in  Mr.  Coxe  to 
get  the  best  legal  opinion  from  New  York  where  the  most  valu- 
able part  of  the  Real  Estate  lies. 


PHIL  ADA.  18.  June  1802 

MY   DEAR   DAUGHTER, 

Reflecting  upon  the  disconsolate  life  you  must  lead  in  London, 
as  well  from  the  absence  of  all  your  natural  friends,  as  the 
frequent  attacks  on  your  health  and  the  distress  of  your  mind,  I 
cannot  feel  myself  easy  without  giving  you  another  invitation 
to  my  house — the  Change  of  Scene  and  the  Company  and  Sym- 
pathy of  your  best  &  most  natural  friends  &  relatives  here  will 
tend  to  dissipate  the  gloom  which  I  cannot  but  discover  from 
your  letters  to  have  taken  possession  of  your  mind.  If  you 
cannot  bring  yourself  to  consent  to  a  permanent  Stay  with  us 
on  account  of  your  Children's  interest,  you  can  at  least  make  us 
a  visit  for  a  year  or  two,  by  which  time  I  have  no  doubt  you 
will  recover  your  health  &  Spirits,  so  as  to  enable  you  to  form 
your  future  plans  with  correctness. 

Your  Sisters  are  all  happily  situated  &  will  have  the  highest 
pleasure  in  contributing  to  your  Agrement.  If  this  plan  should 
meet  with  your  Concurrence,  you  will  bring  with  you,  your 
sweet  daughter  Sophia,  and  your  youngest  son  William,  who  can 
be  accommodated  with  a  good  School  either  in  the  City  or  at 
some  Seminary  in  the  Neighbourhood.  I  presume  George  is  in 
a  better  way  of  receiving  a  proper  Education  where  he  is  &  will 
be  within  reach  of  profiting  by  his  elder  brothers  wishes'  to  serve 
him.  Mr.  Daniel  Coxe  has  been  so  good  a  friend  to  you  that  I 
dare  say  he  will  undertake  to  manage  the  business  of  the  Gen- 
eral's Estate  in  your  absence,  either  alone  or  in  conjunction  with 
one  or  two  others  whom  he  may  recommend,  and  also  to  conduct 
the  business  of  your  &  your  Children's  Pensions  under  proper 


Life  of  Margaret  SMppen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.    325 

powers  of  Attorney. — the  Eelief  you  will  receive  from  the  per- 
plexing business  of  that  Estate,  by  a  temporary  absence  will 
tend  to  tranquillize  your  mind  &  restore  you  to  your  wonted 
health.  Pray  my  dear  Child  give  this  matter  your  best  Con- 
sideration, and  when  resolved  put  the  plan  into  immediate  exe- 
cution. We  shall  all  receive  you  here  with  heartfelt  Satisfac- 
tion, and  flatter  ourselves  we  shall,  under  God,  be  the  happy 
means  of  adding  to  your  felicity. 

I  make  no  doubt  you  have  long  since  received  my  former 
letters  inclosing  Bills  of  Exchange. 

With  my  best  love  to  my  dear  Child,  I  subscribe  myself 

Your  ever  affectionate  father. 


PHILADA.  30  Nov  1802 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY. 

It  was  with  the  utmost  pleasure  I  received  your  last  Letter 
of  the  5th  of  October,  as  it  convinced  me  of  the  returned 
Serenity  of  your  mind  as  well  as  of  the  restoration  of  your 
health.  It  is  indeed  a  Letter  fraught  with  good  Sense  and  just 
reflections  &  leaves  me  no  room  to  doubt  but  that  you  will  in 
future  possess  all  the  Intellect  you  ever  had : — the  mind  has 
certainly  a  powerful  Effect  on  the  Body,  from  whence  I  like- 
wise hope  your  health  will  be  completely  restored.  It  must 
greatly  conduce  to  your  happiness  that  your  Children  have  con- 
ducted themselves  so  much  to  your  satisfaction  and  that  their 
prospects  are  so  promising. 

You  appear  to  have  friends  sensible  of  your  Worth,  which 
gives  me  great  Comfort,  being  certain  that  your  correct  Conduct 
&  good  dispositions  will  secure  to  you  a  continuance  of  their 
friendship. 

I  am  sorry  to  hear  that  your  friends  Mr.  &  Mrs.  Coxe  have 
met  with  so  severe  a  loss  as  the  death  of  their  beloved  daughter. 
I  shall  always  respect  &  love  them  for  their  kindness  to  you.  I 
had  frequently  told  their  Son  Doct.  John  Eedman  Coxe  how 
sincerely  I  was  disposed  to  do  every  thing  in  my  power  to  show 
my  gratitude.  He  has  thought  it  right  to  apply  to  our  Govern- 
ment for  a  pardon  for  his  father:  he  having  been  with  divers 
others  in  the  early  stages  of  our  revolution  attainted  of  High 
Treason  on  account  of  his  adherence  to  the  British.  I  was  the 
first  Signer  of  the  Application  to  the  Governor  for  that  purpose 


I 

326    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

&  hope  it  will  be  successful.  This  may  be  of  use  to  him  if  he 
should  ever  find  his  Affairs  will  call  him  to  this  Country. 

I  have  given  your  Sisters  a  hint  how  pleasing  it  would  be  to 
you  to  receive  frequent  Letters  from  them ; — they  promise  well 
but  have  all  lazy  fits  in  the  article  of  letter-writing. 

My  best  love  attends  you  &  all  your  dear  Children. 

I  am  &c. 


PHILADA.  3  April  1803. 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY, 

Your  Letter  of  the  5th  of  January  gave  me  great  pleasure,  not 
only  as  it  proved  to  me  the  restoration  of  your  health  &  Spirits, 
but  as  it  gave  me  expectations  that  your  late  embarrassments 
are  subsiding. 

I  inclose  you  a  Bill  of  Exchange  for  £250  Sterling,  £100  of 
which  I  mean  as  a  present,  the  remaining  £150  :  I  shall  charge 
to  your  Account  of  Moneys  here  which  altho'  not  yet  received, 
will  come  to  my  hands  in  course;  having  an  Opportunity  of 
purchasing  what  I  esteemed  a  good  bill,  and  thinking  the  Money 
might  be  convenient  to  you  at  this  time,  altho'  by  way  of  antici- 
pation I  have  ventured  to  send  it,  altho  it  will  diminish  your 
next  remittance. 

You  mention  Mount  Pleasant  Farm.  I  thought  I  had  before 
explained  this  business  to  you.  The  Mortgage  of  Macpherson 
to  Osborne  which  lay  upon  the  place  when  it  was  purchased, 
was  some  years  ago  put  in  Suit  &  the  reversion  by  this  means 
sunk  ;  about  25  or  26  Acres  of  the  land  was  not  included  in  that 
Mortgage,  but  was  incumbered  by  another  Mortgage  of  Mac- 
pherson to  one  Mason,  who  is  now  about  selling  it,  &  I  am  told 
it  will  not  yield  sufficient  to  discharge  his  Mortgage.  So  that 
no  hopes  can  arise  from  any  residue  of  that  Estate.  When  •  the 
House  part  was  sold  under  Osborne's  Mortgage,  I  likewise  sold 
the  life  Estate  which  I  had  purchased  from  Maclanagan,  for  two 
hundred  pounds  less  than  I  gave  for  it. 

I  am  pleased  you  have  taken  a  house  of  small  Rent  in  Lon- 
don ;  your  Oeconomy  can  reflect  no  disgrace,  but  on  the  contrary 
much  Credit  on  you  with  all  those  who  knew  you  before,  and  I 
dare  say  you  are  not  ambitious  of  making  new  friendships. 

Your  Sister  Sally  lives  with  me  still,  much  to  our  mutual  sat- 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.    327 

isfaction  and  happiness.  Whatever  Eeports  may  have  gone 
abroad  as  to  changing  her  Condition  by  Marriage,  all  that 
matter  has  been  long  at  an  end ;  the  Gentleman  who  wished  to 
have  her,  altho  a  Man  of  fortune  is  incumbered  with  so  many 
Children,  some  of  them  grown  up,  that  Sally  wisely  foresaw  evil 
at  a  distance  &  declined  the  Connection,  altho  if  he  had  been 
differently  situated  as  to  family,  I  believe  he  was  himself  much 
to  her  taste. 

I  think  it  probable  one  of  your  Sisters  will  write  you  by  this 
Opportunity ;  from  them  you  will  hear  any  little  details  relating 
to  your  family  &  friends.  I  feel  myself  tolerably  well  except 
a  little  Sciatica  and  some  Symptoms  of  advanced  Age,  which 
remind  me  that  a  better  world  is  in  View.  My  best  love  to 
your  dear  Daughter  &  your  good  Sons.  I  am  always  with  truth 
&  sincerity, 

Your  affectionate  father, 

B.  S. 


PHILADA.  18  April  1804. 
MY  DEAR  PEGGY, 

With  much  grief  I  have  heard  of  the  precarious  State  of  your 
health  :  your  family  are  greatly  interested  in  it,  and  I  hope  in 
God  you  will  be  speedily  reinstated.  It  must  be  a  great  Addi- 
tion to  your  Afflictions,  that  the  public  affairs  of  England  are  in 
so  distracted  and  hazardous  a  Condition.  We  have  been  in 
continual  Expectation  of  hearing  of  Buonoparte's  attempt  to 
land  in  England ;  it  is  strangely  protracted  if  it  is  really  in- 
tended. I  have  no  doubt  of  his  eventual  failure  if  he  persists ; 
his  delay  has  given  the  British  Administration  ample  time  to 
make  full  preparations  for  his  reception. 

I  am  grown  old,  after  having  experienced  my  Share  of  dis- 
tress both  public  and  private  &  hope  in  God  I  shall  go  out  of 
the  World,  without  feeling  more  of  either. 

I  inclose  you  a  Bill  of  Exchange  drawn  by  John  Collet  on 
Thomas  Wilson  for  £180  Sterling,  which  I  hope  will  be  duly 
honored ;  Eighty  pounds  of  this  is  of  your  own  Money  &  the 
remaining  hundred  Pounds  you  will  accept  as  a  present. 

My  best  love  to  all  your  dear  family  and  believe  me  to  be  with 
the  utmost  truth  &  sincerity, 

Your  ever  affectionate  father. 


328    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

MY  DEAR  PEGGY, 

I  wrote  you  on  the  18th  instant  a  letter  inclosing  a  Bill  of  Ex- 
change for  £180  Sterling  of  which  £80  was  your  own  money  ; 
the  remaining  £100  a  present.  I  take  this  opportunity  of  send- 
ing you  a  Second  Bill  of  the  same  Sett. 

I  received  a  very  kind  letter  from  Mr.  D.  Coxe  your  very 
valuable  friend  acquainting  me  with  the  very  critical  State  of 
your  health  &  the  apprehensions  of  your  friends  as  to  the  Result, 
and  advising  me  to  make  a  proper  provision  in  my  Will  in  favor 
of  your  Children  in  Case  of  your  death.  I  cannot  bear  to  think 
of  the  possibility  of  losing  you  thus  early  in  life :  but  for  fear 
of  Accidents,  I  shall  certainly  follow  Mr.  Coxe's  advice  &  espe- 
cially in  favor  of  your  lovely  daughter. 

Since  the  receipt  of  his  letter  I  have  the  superlative  pleasure 
of  hearing  through  the  medium  of  Doct.  Redman's  family  that 
your  recovery  is  almost  beyond  a  doubt.  I  hope  in  God,  I  shall 
be  confirmed  in  this  pleasing  Intelligence  by  your  next  Letter. 

I  am  &c. 


March  28,  1802. 
DANIEL  COXE,  LONDON. 

At  the  request  of  my  daughter  Mrs.  Arnold  I  have  taken  the 
liberty  to  trouble  you  with  the  inclosures. 

I  feel  infinitely  obliged  to  you  for  the  many  acts  of  friendship 
and  kindness,  which  my  daughter  assures  me  you  have  con- 
ferred upon  her.  Your  Exertions  in  her  behalf  shall  never  be 
forgotten,  by 

Sir,  Your  &c. 


PHILADELPHIA  May  13,  1802. 
DANIEL  COXE. 

My  daughter,  Mrs.  Arnold  inclosed  me  a  memorandum  of 
yours  respecting  your  and  your  sisters  claims  to  the  estate  of 
your  late  Aunt  Rebecca,  with  her  wishes  that  I  would  afford 
you  my  best  advice  or  assistance  on  this  subject. 

I  most  sincerely  wish  it  were  in  my  power  to  manifest  my 
Sense  of  the  kind  assistance  you  have  afforded  to  her  in  her  dis- 
tressed Situation.  As  I  find  Mr.  Bond  has  investigated  this  Sub- 
ject so  as  to  give  you  a  full  and  true  state  of  every  thing  relating 
to  it,  less  will  be  necessary  for  me  to  say.  I  understand  by  the 
laws  of  New  Jersey  and  New  York  the  personal  Estate  will  be 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.    329 

distributed  per  capita,  real  Estate  per  stirpes.  So  that  you  and 
your  Sister  will  take  one  half  of  the  latter,  the  males  to  take 
double  shares :  in  New  Jersey  however  the  real  estate  will  not 
be  confined  to  the  Brother's  and  Sister's  Children  but  Grand- 
children will  come  in  as  Eepresentatives  of  their  deceased 
parents.  I  would  be  fuller  on  this  Subject  if  Mr.  Bond  had  not 
exhausted  it;  he  has  had  conversations  with  Judge  Coxe  the 
eldest  son  of  your  Uncle  William,  from  whom  he  has  received 
all  possible  information. 

I  understand  that  branch  of  the  family  have  consulted  Law- 
yers of  Eminence  in  New  Jersey  and  will  probably  act  in  con- 
formity to  their  Opinions.  I  believe  however  they  have  not  yet 
obtained  any  Opinion  upon  the  only  point  that  can  possibly 
affect  the  case  to  your  disadvantage,  (there  being  it  seems  no 
corruption  of  blood)  I  mean  the  question  of  alienage — this  point 
has  been  taken  up  in  different  lights  in  different  States.  Men 
have  been  acquitted  on  a  Charge  of  treason  on  the  ground  of 
their  having  taken  their  Sides  before  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence, and  by  that  means  changed  their  Allegiance  before 
any  treasonable  Act  committed,  from  whence  some  have  sup- 
posed that  from  that  Moment  they  became  Aliens  and  incapable 
of  taking  by  descent.  On  this  point,  as  well  as  how  far  the 
case  is  affected  by  the  treaty  of  Peace,  I  think  you  ought  to 
take  the  Opinion  of  good  Counsel  in  the  State  of  New  York, 
where  the  most  valuable  parts  of  the  realty  lies, — perhaps  it 
would  be  best  to  consult  both  Mr.  Alexander  Hamilton  and 
Brockhurst  Livingston,  who  are  among  the  heads  of  the  two 
parties  there  and  both  esteemed  good  Lawyers.  I  mean  to 
suggest  this  to  your  Son  John  as  a  prudent  step. 

The  family  here  would  no  doubt  take  all  they  have  a  legal  right 
to,  but  I  believe  do  not  wish  to  act  an  unfriendly,  much  less  an 
unfair  part  by  you  or  your  Sister.  If  I  can  hereafter  collect 
any  intelligence  that  would  be  useful  for  you  to  know,  I  shall 
make  a  point  of  comnrtinicating  it  either  to  yourself  or  your  Son. 


PHILADA  June  18  1802 

DANIEL  COXE, 
MY  DEAR  SIR; 

I  cannot  sufficiently  express  the  Warmth  of  my  gratitude  for 
your  very  kind  and  active  exertions  in  behalf  of  my  unfortunate 
daughter  Mrs.  Arnold,  and  particularly  for  the  last  proof  you 


330    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

have  given  of  it,  by  waiting  me  so  fully  the  State  of  her  mind 
and  health.  I  had  before  invited  her  to  my  Arms  and  house, 
but  from  the  Situation  of  her  deceased  husband's  Affairs,  and 
from  a  belief  that  her  remaining  in  England  would  benefit  her 
Children,  she  declined  accepting  my  Invitation :  but  I  have  now 
in  consequence  of  your  kind  representation  and  Advice  again 
invited  her  to  at  least  a  temporary  Yisit  of  a  year  or  two,  and 
have  endeavoured  to  enforce  my  invitation  with  such  reasons  as 
I  hope  will  prevail  on  her  to  oblige  me.  I  have  suggested  to 
her  that  from  your  former  kind  exertions  I  make  no  doubt  you 
will  accept  a  power  of  Attorney  in  conjunction  with  any  other 
person  or  persons  whom  you  may  recommend,  to  manage  the 
affairs  of  the  General's  estate,  and  of  her  and  her  Children's 
pensions.  I  doubt  not  but  on  the  receipt  of  my  Letter,  she  will 
consult  you  on  the  Subject  of  it,  your  best  advice  will  be  ever 
gratefully  acknowledged. 


PHILADELPHIA  Sept  17,  1804 
DANIEL  COXE,  ESQ., 

DEAR  SIR  : 

I  am  unable  to  express  in  words  my  sense  of  your  unparal- 
leled kindness  and  attention  to  my  dear  daughter  and  her  family. 
You  can  easily  conceive  my  feelings  in  reading  your  friendly 
and  foreboding  Letter.  G-od  grant  some  unexpected  turn  may 
take  place  altho  after  the  Sentiments  you  express  from  such 
good  authority,  I  have  scarcely  any  room  to  expect  it.  I  must 
lay  my  account  upon  the  worst  that  can  happen :  my  great 
Comfort  is  that  her  well  spent  life  will  secure  her  a  happy 
Existence  hereafter. 

Among  other  things,  I  am  much  obliged  to  you  for  your  kind 
and  well  judged  Advice  as  to  settling  the  property  I  mean  for 
my  daughter  upon  her  Children  in  case  of  her  untimely  decease. 
I  did  indeed  in  consequence  of  your  former  letter  make  a  pro- 
vision in  my  Will  for  that  Event,  allotting  one  half  of  my 
daughter's  share  to  her  daughter  and  the  remainder  to  the  Sons 
according  to  their  wants.  This  was  a  sudden  arrangement ;  any 
other  which  you  may  recommend  considering  your  knowledge 
of  the  family  and  kind  disposition  towards  them,  I  shall  gladly 
listen  to  and  be  disposed  to  adopt. 

In  case  of  the  Calamitous  Event  so  much  to  be  apprehended, 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.    331 

Sophia  will  be  at  some  loss  as  to  her  future  destination.  I  shall 
think  it  my  duty,  if  she  can  reconcile  herself  to  a  life  of  some 
retirement,  to  give  her  an  invitation  to  come  over  to  America, 
and  reside  in  my  family  :  in  this  way  I  shall  be  very  happy  to 
provide  for  her,  till  my  departure  from  this  World,  which  con- 
sidering my  Age  and  growing  Infirmities  cannot  be  at  a  very 
distant  period,  after  which  she  will  not  want  a  decent  provision, 
tho'  not  an  affluent  one. 

Pray  present  my  tenderest  Love  to  my  dear  Peggy,  and 
acquaint  her  with  as  much  of  the  contents  of  this  Letter  as  you 
•think  prudent  in  her  Situation. 

Accept  my  sincerest  and  most  fervent  thanks  for  all  your 
kindness  and  believe  me  to  be,  Dear  Sir, 

Your  most  affectionate  Friend  and  humble  Servant. 


PHILADELPHIA  Feby.  13,  1805. 
DANIEL  COXE, 

DEAR  SIR; 

I  received  your  obliging  favor  of  the  7th  of  November  last. 
I  observe  you  had  not  received  my  letters  of  the  8th  and  14th  of 
November,  answers  to  which  I  impatiently  wait.  The  latter 
was  sent  under  the  care  of  Mr.  Warren,  in  which  I  suggested  a 
doubt  which  was  excited  in  my  Mind  by  some  of  our  female 
friends,  whether  my  dear  Granddaughter  might  not  experience 
some  Mortifications  in  this  Country  from  the  remembrance  still 
retained  of  her  Father's  conduct.  I  however  left  it  to  her  own 
choice  whether  to  come  or  not :  her  being  here  in  the  bosom  of 
her  Mother's  family  would  certainly  be  a  very  desirable  thing  to 
us :  but  as  I  would  wish  of  all  things  to  promote  her  Ease  and 
happiness,  I  should  be  grieved  if  any  unpleasant  Circumstance 
should  induce  her  when  she  did  come,  to  repent  it.  I  observe 
you  suggest  a  considerable  unwillingness  in  her  to  be  separated 
from  her  little  brother  William.  As  to  his  coming  here,  it  would 
certainly  be  an  unadvised  and  imprudent  Step ;  his  life  would 
be  made  uncomfortable  even  among  the  boys  he  must  associate 
with  at  School;— it  must  not  be  thought  of; — England  is  the 
country  he  must  look  to  for  advancement  in  the  World.  I  do 
not  wonder  at  Sophia's  solicitude  about  him  ;  it  is  a  proof  of  the 
goodness  of  her  heart.  Poor  dear  creature!  I  wish  I  could 
determine  with  certainty  what  would  most  conduce  to  her  hap- 
piness: that  surely  should  be  my  Choice;  as  it  is,  she  must 


9 

332    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

choose  for  herself;  if  she  should  make  up  her  mind  to  remain 
in  England,  do  let  me  know  what  it  will  be  necessary  for  me  to 
do  in  her  behalf.  I  shall  cheerfully  contribute  to  her  support 
and  comfort  as  far  as  will  be  consistent  with  my  ability  and  the 
duty  I  owe  to  my  other  Children.  My  Income  will  be  neces- 
sarily much  diminished,  when  I  resign  my  Office,  which  will 
probably  take  place  very  soon,  as  I  am  growing  feeble  and 
unable  to  bear  the  fatigue  of  long  Journeys. 

You  will  doubtless  confer  with  the  dear  Girl  on  this  subject, 
the  result  of  which  I  should  wish  to  hear  as  soon  as  possible. 

I  am,  Dear  Sir,  with  great  Esteem 

Your  obliged  humble  servant. 


PHILADELPHIA  April  11,  1805. 
DANIEL  COXE, 

DEAR  SIR: 

I  am  favored  with  your  obliging  Letter  of  the  2nd  of  January 
last.  I  observe  my  dear  Granddaughter  Sophia  is  for  various 
good  reasons  averse  to  coming  to  America :  happy  as  I  should 
be  to  have  her  with  me,  I  cannot  but  approve  her  determination 
to  remain  in  England.  I  wish  it  was  in  my  power  to  make  her 
life  comfortable  in  whatever  part  of  the  World  she  should  choose 
for  her  residence.  The  Residue  of  the  property  my  dear 
daughter  left  in  my  hands  consists  of  48  shares  of  our  8  per 
cent  Stock  of  the  value  of  one  hundred  dollars  each  Share.  I 
find  however  I  remitted  in  advance  to  her  more  than  I  received 
of  the  interest  of  this  Stock,  so  as  to  leave  yet  a  small  balance 
due  to  me.  I  however  inclose  you  a  Bill  of  Exchange  for  £100 
Sterling  which  is  to  be  considered  not  as  on  account  of  my 
daughter's  property,  but  as  a  present  to  Sophia,  which  she  will 
please  to  accept  for  her  own  Use,  it  may  enable  her  to  indulge 
her  generosity  to  her  brother  William. 

As  I  am  becoming  feeble  from  my  advanced  age,  and  as  Mr. 
Burd  is  one  of  my  daughter's  Executors,  I  think  it  would  be 
proper  for  me  to  transfer  the  above  mentioned  Stock  to  him  in 
trust  for  the  purposes  of  her  Will. 

He  will  be  very  careful  to  remit  the  produce  to  you  as  soon 
as  he  receives  it.     I  shall  by  this  Opportunity  answer  my  dear 
Granddaughter's  affectionate  Letter. 
I  am  Dear  Sir 

Your  obedient  and  obliged  humble  Servant. 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.    333 

PHILADELPHIA  April  11,  1805. 
MY  DEAR  SOPHIA. 

Your  very  affectionate  Letter  of  the  25th  of  December  came 
safely  to  hand.  I  am  not  the  least  surprized  at  the  repugnance 
you  seem  to  feel  at  the  leaving  your  brothers,  and  what  may  be 
almost  called  your  native  Country  in  order  to  embark  for 
America.  Your  ties  there  are  strong,  this  would  be  a  new 
Country  to  you,  and  for  which  you  have  little  reason  to  enter- 
tain any  affection,  independent  of  that  which  is  confined  to  the 
individuals  of  your  and  your  dear  departed  Mother's  natural 
friends  and  family: — they  would  all  be  extremely  rejoiced  to 
have  you  in  their  bosoms,  but  by  no  means  at  the  risk  of  your 
happiness  or  comfort.  Your  Sentiments  regarding  the  attach- 
ment to  your  brothers  do  you  honor,  and  I  cannot  but  ap- 
plaud the  determination  you  make  of  remaining  with  them — 
this  indeed  is  not  a  Country  for  them  and  I  strongly  suspect  not 
even  for  you,  even  for  a  Visit.  I  find  I  remitted  to  your 
Mother,  at  a  time  when  I  thought  she  would  stand  in  need  of 
supplies  more  than  arose  from  the  Interest  of  her  property,  so 
that  nothing  can  be  remitted  to  you  now  on  that  account,  but 
lest  you  should  be  straitened  for  money,  I  now  send  to  Mr. 
Coxe,  a  Bill  of  Exchange  for  £100  Sterling,  to  be  considered 
solely  as  a  present  to  you. 

Your  dear  Mother's  property  in  my  hands  consists  of  8  per 
cent  Stock  in  the  funds  of  the  United  States,  which  I  mean  to 
transfer  to  Mr.  Burd,  one  of  her  Executors,  for  the  use  of  those 
she  intended  it  for  by  her  Will. 

He  will  accordingly  remit  the  produce  from  it  as  it  comes  to 
his  hands.  What  I  can  spare  I  shall  occasionally  send  you  my- 
self, under  the  care  of  your  good  friend,  Mr.  Coxe. 

Believe  me,  my  dear  Child,  Your  ever  affectionate 

Grandfather. 


PHILADELPHIA  April  30  1805 
DANIEL  COXE  ESQ 

DEAR  SIR; 

I  take  this  opportunity  of  sending  you  the  second  of  the  sett 
of  Bill  Exchange  for  £100  Sterling,  which  I  mean  as  a  present 
to  my  dear  Granddaughter  Sophia  Arnold.  I  inclosed  you  the 
first  of  the  sett  in  a  Letter  I  wrote  you  on  the  11th  of  this  month, 
which  I  hope  you  will  have  received  before  this  arrives. 


334    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

Since  my  last  I  have  received  your  &  Miss  Arnold's  esteemed 
favours,  yours  without  date,  hers  of  the  29th  of  January.  I 
cannot  sufficiently  express  my  gratitude  for  the  Interest  you 
take  in  her  Affairs  and  for  the  communications  you  make  of 
your  Sentiments  on  her  Subject.  I  shall  endeavour  to  avail 
myself  of  every  thing  you  recommend. 

I  am,  &c. 


PHILA.  April  15,  1806 
To  EDWARD  ARNOLD,  ESQ.,  CALCUTTA. 

DEAR  EDWARD, 

The  Bearer  hereof  is  Mr.  George  Emlen,  a  young  Gentleman 
of  good  Character  and  respectable  family  who  goes  to  Calcutta 
on  mercantile  business.  As  it  may  possibly  be  of  some  use  to 
him  to  be  known  to  some  Gentleman  of  that  country,  I  beg 
leave  to  introduce  him  to  your  acquaintance,  more  especially  as 
he  has  a  prospect  on  his  return  to  America  of  forming  a  nearer 
connection  with  my  family. 

I  lately  received  a  handsome  letter  from  your  amiable  Sister, 
who  is  in  good  health,  and  situated  in  London  to  her  Satisfac- 
tion. She  always  expresses  herself  with  much  affection  and 
gratitude  to  her  absent  Brothers.  I  understand  your  brother 
George  is  arrived  in  India  with  good  prospects.  Give  my  love 
to  him,  and  believe  me  to  be 

Your  affectionate  Grandfather. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     335 


THE   SOCIETY   OF   THE    SONS   OF  SAINT  TAMMANY 
OF  PHILADELPHIA. 

BY   FRANCIS   VON   A.  CABEEN. 

(Continued  from  page  223.) 

The  account  of  the  celebration  of  Saint  Tammany's  Day, 
which  took  place  on  Monday,  May  21,  1785,  is  as  follows: 

"  On  Monday  last,  the  Sons  of  St.  Tammany1  celebrated 
the  anniversary  of  their  Saint,  at  Mr.  Beveridge's  seat  on 
the  Banks  of  the  Schuylkill.  At  12  o'clock  the  flag  of  the 
United  States  ornamented  with  a  fine  figure  of  St.  Tam- 
many drawn  by  Mr.  Wright,  was  displayed  in  the  centre, 
that  of  France  on  the  right,  and  that  of  Holland  on  the 
left.  The  Chief  and  Sachems  of  last  year  then  appeared, 
grounded  the  ensigns  of  authority,  and  mixed  with  their 
brethren,  upon  which  a  brother  came  forward,  reminded 
the  nation  of  the  presence  of  their  Saint,  arid  that  they  had 
neither  chief  nor  councellors.  Whereupon  they  unani- 
mously re-elected  their  old  chief,  and  such  of  their  former 
councellors  as  were  present,  adding  as  many  new  as  com- 
pleted the  number  thirteen.  The  compliments  of  his  ex- 
cellency, Gen'l.  Washington  for  the  attention  and  respect 
paid  him  last  year,  being  communicated  by  the  Secretary, 
produced  thirteen  cheers,  which  came  from  the  heart.  The 
unlimited  authority  of  the  Sachem  to  do  good  to  his  chil- 
dren was  acknowledged,  the  old  law  which  commands 
*  every  man  to  do  as  he  pleases'  being  proclaimed  and 
obedience  on  paiii  of  compulsion,  the  festivity  of  the  day 
began  and  continued  throughout  with  that  perfect  liberty 
which  feels  no  restraint  than  affection  and  respect  towards 
each  other  which  eminently  distinguishes  the  Sons  of  this 

i  Pennsylvania  Packet,  May  5,  1785 ;  Freeman's  Journal,  May  2, 
1785  ;  Mercury,  May  6,  1785. 


336     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

Saint.  No  healths*  were  drank  nor  any  court  made  to 
great  men  having  no  ambition  to  be  greater,  they  deter- 
mined not  to  be  less  than  their  fellow  citizens.  Among  the 
great  number  of  Songs  which  were  sung  as  St.  Tammany's 
due,  the  old  song  was  sung  with  great  spirit  .  .  ."  The 
following  ode  was  also  composed : 

"Ode for  Saint  Tammany's  Day,  May  1st,  1785. 
"(Written  by  Tenxogrondi,  a  Delaware  Chief.) 

"  Donna  makoo  makoonos  ! 
Kuikoo  donna  makoo  ; 
Wawa  nekoonos ; 
Guahee  honigee. 

"(Full  Chorus.) 
' '  Ever  sacred  be  this  day, 
Genial  morn  of  rosy  May. 

"(Recitative.) 

"To  SchuylkilFs  fair  banks  let  us  cheerful  repair, 
For  pure  is  the  aether,  and  fragrant  the  air  ; 
Soft  Zephyrs  shall  fan  us,  and  eke  thro'  the  grove, 
The  genius  of  Tammany  shield  us  with  love, 
No  foes  shall  intrude  with  inquisitive  eye, 
Our  orgies,  our  dances,  our  mystries  to  spy. 

"(Air.) 

"  Adieu  to  your  wives, 
Come  gird  on  your  knives, 
Your  tomahawks,  arrows  and  bows  I 
Your  bodies  besmear, 
With  oil  of  the  bear, 
And  look  undismay'd  on  your  foes. 

"(Recitative.) 

"  Kindle  up  the  council  fires, 
Lo  !  our  Saint  the  flame  inspires, 
Whilst  we  pass  the  flowing  bowl, 
Let  the  smoky  volumes  roll, 
From  the  calumet  and  pipe, 
Of  sweet  Peace  the  welcome  type, 
Let  our  Sachems,  healths  go  round, 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     837 

Beat  with  nimble  foot  the  ground  ; 
Till  the  woods  and  hills  reply, 
Vocal  mirth  and  symphony. 

"(Chorus.) 

"  Ever  sacred  be  this  day, 
Genial  morn  of  rosy  May. 

"(Recitative.) 

"Now  the  hatchet  we'll  bury,  since  war  is  no  more, 
And  peace  with  rich  plenty  revisits  our  shore  ; 
To  hunt  the  fleet  stag  o'er  the  mountains  we'll  run  ; 
In  sports  we  alone  will  employ  the  fell  gun  ; 
Our  fields  shall  be  cloath'd  with  gay  heavens  again, 
And  friendship  will  brighten  the  blood  rusted  chain  ; 
But  should  war  call  us  forth  then  adieu  to  our  glee, 
Each  shoulders  his  rifle  and  takes  to  his  tree. 

"(Air.) 

"  Hail,  Columbia  Tutelar  ! 
Tho'  thy  ashes  distant  are — 
Hid  beneath  the  mountain  side, 
Or  below  the  rapid  tide  : 
Still  thy  warlike  shade  attends, 
Smiling  on  thy  filial  friends  ; 
Leads  their  dances,  aids  their  pleasure, 
Joys  dispensing,  without  measure. 

"(Recitative.) 

"Now  each  Sachem  join  hands  round  the  Liberty  Pole, 
And  briskly  again  pass  the  heart  cheering  bowl ; 
To  Washington's  mem'ry,  the  chief  of  our  train, 
The  full  flowing  goblet,  repeated  we'll  drain ; 
Then  next  to  each  chieftain,  who  fought,  and  who  bled, 
Let's  sing  a  Requiem,  and  toast  him,  tho'  dead. 

"(Air.) 

"  For  Tammany's  holy, 
Let's  fire  a  volley, 

That  hills,  woods,  and  rocks  may  reply, 
We'll  found  him  in  powder, 
Still  louder  and  louder, 
Till  echo  shall  rend  the  blue  sky. 
VOL.  XXVI. — 22 


338     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

"(Chorus.) 

"  Ever  sacred  be  this  day, 
Genial  morn  of  rosy  May. 

"(Recitative.) 

' '  In  volumes  of  smoke,  and  in  spires  of  flame, 
Our  Tutelar  flew  to  the  spheres, 
He  left  us  his  blessing,  his  weapons,  his  fame, 
And  hearts  unacquainted  with  fears. 
The  shades  of  our  ancestors  cluster  around, 
To  welcome  our  chief  from  the  wars  ; 
With  laurels  celestial  his  temples  they  bound, 
Then  thron'd  him  on  high  'midst  the  stars. 

"(Air.) 

1 '  Sound  the  horns,  ye  tuneful  choirs, 
JTis  our  Saint  the  notes  inspires  ; 
Brace  the  drums  and  make  them  roll, 
Martial  music  charms  the  soul ; 
Soon,  responsive  to  the  chorus, 
Tammany  shall  stand  before  us  ; 
On  the  mossy  velvet  green, 
Smiling  on  us,  tho'  unseen. 

"(Chorus.) 

11  Charge  the  bowl  again  with  liquor, 
Pass  it  briskly,  pass  it  quicker  ; 
Sachems,  warriors,  now  advance, 
Form  the  ring,  begin  the  dance, 
Music  summons  us  to  pleasure, 
Mark  the  tune,  and  time  the  measure, 
Full  of  mirth,  and  full  of  glee, 
Thus  conclude  our  jubilee. 

"  (Grand  chorus.) 
"  Ever  sacred  be  this  day, 
Genial  morn  of  rosy  May. 

Exeunt  Omnes — Indian  file. 
"To  Captains 


KAIAFCUTA, 
KILL  BUCK, 
CORN  STALK, 
TURKEY  TAIL,  and 
MYMNA, 


Great  Sachems  and  warriors. ' ' 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     339 

Another  account  of  the  above  event  says,  u  Mr.  Chief 
Justice  McKean,  Judge  Bryan,  and  several  other  officers  of 
State  mixed  with  their  brethern  on  this  happy  festival."  * 

From  the  diary  of  Jacob  Hiltzheimer  is  the  following : 

"  Went  to  the  St.  Tammany  Anniversary  at  David  Bev- 
eridge's  place  over  the  Schuylkill,  late  Reese  Meredith's. 
A  large  number  of  gentlemen  collected,  with  tickets  in 
their  hats  which  cost  8  s.  4  d.  but  afforded  us  ample  food 
and  drink.  The  first  thing  done  was  the  gentlemen  formed 
a  ring,  and  chose  James  Read  Esq.,  their  chief:  Timothy 
Matlack,  his  Secretary  and  the  following  gentlemen  the 
Chief  Council;  George  Bryan,  Plunket  Fleeson,  William 
Moore,  Frederick  Phile,  Esqrs.,  General  Daniel  Heister, 
Colonels  Coats,  Dean,  Will,  Boyd,  Wade,  Proctor,  and 
Jonathan  Bayard  Smith." 2 

In  order  to  give  a  clear  idea  of  the  kind  of  men  that 
occupied  high  positions  in  this  Society  we  give  some  short 
biographical  sketches  of  those  mentioned  above : 

Chief-Justice  McKean  was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence.  Born  in  New  London,  Chester  County, 
Pennsylvania,  March  19,  1734;  died  in  Philadelphia  June 
24,  1817.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  before  he  was 
twenty-one  years  old,  appointed  Deputy  Attorney-General 
of  Sussex  County  a  year  later,  and  in  1757  was  clerk  of  the 
Assembly.  Was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  from  1752  to 
1769.  In  1774  was  elected  to  the  Stamp  Act  Congress, 
and  from  1774  to  1783  was  a  member  of  the  Continental 
Congress.  He  was  Chief-Justice  of  Pennsylvania  from 
1777  until  1817. 

George  Bryan  was  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  in  1731 ;  died 
in  Philadelphia  January  27, 1791.  He  came  to  this  country 
in  early  life  and  was  engaged  some  years  in  commercial 
pursuits  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Assem- 
bly, and  in  1765  was  a  delegate  to  the  Stamp  Act  Congress, 
in  which  he  took  an  active  part.  He  was  Vice-President  of 

1  Independent  Gazetteer,  May  7,  1785. 
»  Hiltzheimer' s  Diary,  May  2,  1785. 


J 
340     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

the  Supreme  Executive  Council  of  Pennsylvania  from  the 
period  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  in  March, 
1778,  was  advanced  to  the  Presidency.  In  November  of 
that  year  he  sent  a  message  to  the  Assembly  pressing  upon 
its  attention  a  bill  proposed  by  the  Council  in  1777  for  the 
gradual  abolition  of  slavery  in  the  State.  In  1779  he  was 
again  elected  to  the  Assembly,  and  on  his  motion  the  sub- 
ject was  referred  to  a  committee  of  which  he  himself  was  a 
member,  and  he  proposed  a  draft  of  a  law  for  gradual 
emancipation.  He  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  in  1780,  and  remained  in  that  position  until  his  death. 
In  1784  he  was  elected  one  of  the  Council  of  Censors.  He 
strenuously  opposed  the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Consti- 
tution. 

James  Head  was  born  in  Philadelphia ;  he  went  to  Read- 
ing at  an  early  period  in  its  history,  and,  by  appointment 
from  the  Provincial  government,  filled  the  county  offices  of 
prothonotary,  recorder,  register,  clerk  of  the  Orphans' 
Court  and  of  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  continuously 
from  the  time  of  the  organization  of  Berks  County  in  1752 
till  1776.  He  was  one  of  the  first  attorneys  admitted  to  the 
bar  at  Reading,  and  also  practised  his  profession  whilst 
filling  the  offices  above  named.  He  officiated  as  one  of  the 
justices  of  the  county  courts  under  the  Provincial  govern- 
ment, and  served  as  a  member  of  the  Supreme  Executive 
Council  for  two  terms,  from  1779  to  1782,  and  1788  to 
1791.  Under  the  Constitution  of  1776  he  was  elected,  in 
1783,  to  represent  Berks  County  in  the  Council  of  Censors. 
The  numerous  positions  filled  by  him  indicate  that  he  was 
a  man  of  recognized  ability.1 

Timothy  Mattock  was  born  in  Haddonfield,  New  Jersey,  in 
1730;  died  near  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania,  April  15,  1829. 
He  had  been  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  but  at 
the  beginning  of  the  Revolution  left  it  for  that  of  the  Free 
or  "Fighting"  Quakers,  and  is  described  by  Christopher 
Marshall  as  "  one  of  the  most  active  spirits  of  the  days  of 

1  Montgomery's  History  of  Berks  County. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  lammany  of  Philadelphia.     341 

1775-6."  When  he  first  wore  his  sword  in  the  streets  of 
Philadelphia,  some  of  the  orthodox  Friends  ridiculed  him 
and  inquired  what  its  use  was.  "  It  is  to  defend  my  prop- 
erty and  my  liberty,"  he  replied.  In  1776  he  was  a  member 
of  the  general  Committee  of  Safety,  and  colonel  of  the 
battalion  that  served  against  the  Delaware  Tories,  who  in 
June  of  that  year  had  cut  off  the  land  communication  to 
Dover.  He  was  a  deputy  with  Benjamin  Franklin,  Thomas 
McKean,  Colonel  John  Bayard,  and  others  from  Philadel- 
phia, to  attend  the  State  Conference  of  June  14,  1776.  In 
1780-87  he  was  delegate  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Conti- 
nental Congress,  and  for  many  years  was  Master  of  the 
Eolls  of  the  State,  residing  in  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania,  but 
on  becoming  prothonotary  of  one  of  the  courts  of  Phila- 
delphia he  returned  to  that  city.  In  1783  the  Committee 
of  Safety  of  Philadelphia  presented  him  with  a  silver  urn 
"  for  his  patriotic  devotion  to  the  cause  of  freedom,  and  the 
many  services  rendered  by  him  through  the  struggle." 
With  Benjamin  Franklin,  Robert  Morris,  and  others  he 
established  and  contributed  funds  to  build  the  Free  Quaker 
Meeting-House  of  Philadelphia.  He  lived  to  the  age  of 
more  than  ninety-nine  years  and  retained  his  faculties  to  the 
last. 

Plunket  Fleeson  was  commissioned  a  Justice  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  ,and  Quarter  Sessions  of  the  Peace  and 
Orphans'  Court  of  Philadelphia  on  March  28,  1777,  and 
Presiding  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  on 
November  18,  1780.  He  was  appointed  Presiding  Justice 
of  the  City  Court,  January  13,  1781,  by  the  Executive 
Council,  to  hold  his  office  during  pleasure.  He  was  in  office 
in  1785,  and  is  buried  in  Roxborough,  Philadelphia.1 

William  Moore  was  born,  probably  in  Philadelphia,  about 
1735;  died  there  July  24,  1793.  His  father,  Robert,  came 
to  this  country  from  the  Isle  of  Man.  The  son  began  a 
mercantile  career,  and  on  December  11, 1776,  was  appointed 
by  the  Assembly  on  the  Council  of  Safety,  which,  on 
1  Martin's  Bench  and  Bar. 


342     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 


March  13,  1777,  placed  him  on  the  newly  organized  Board 
of  War.  In  the  same  year  he  was  chosen  a  delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress,  but  declined  to  serve.  He  became  a 
member  of  the  Supreme  Executive  Council  of  the  State  in 
1779,  was  elected  its  Vice-President,  and  in  1781  was  chosen 
President  and  proclaimed  "  Captain  General  and  Com- 
mander-in-Chief  in  and  over  the  Commonwealth  of  Penn- 
sylvania." His  term  as  Councillor  expired  in  October, 
1782,  and  the  Constitution  prohibited  a  re-election.  In 
March,  1783,  Governor  Moore  was  commissioned  a  Judge 
of  the  High  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals,  and  was  chosen 
a  member  of  the  Assembly  in  1784.  In  February  of  that 
year  he  was  made  a  director  of  the  Bank  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  in  July  was  chairman  of  a  meeting  of  'the  citizens  of 
Philadelphia,  convened  to  place  the  public  debt  on  a  per- 
manent foundation.  From  1784—89  he  was  a  trustee  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  His  only  daughter,  Elizabeth, 
married  the  Marquis  de  Marbois,  French  charge  d'affaires 
in  this  country,  who  negotiated  the  treaty  for  the  sale  of 
Louisiana  to  the  United  States. 

Frederick  Phile  was  a  doctor  of  medicine,  and  during  the 
occupation  of  Philadelphia  resided  with  Christopher  Mar- 
shall's family  at  Lancaster.  Marshall  notes  in  his  diary  that 
he  and  Doctor  Phile  remained  up  until  midnight  celebrating 
the  surrender  of  Burgoyne,  which  they  heard  of  at  Lan- 
caster October  20,  1777.  On  April  5,  1777,  he  took  the 
oath  of  office  as  ISTaval  Officer  of  Philadelphia  ;  (his  bonds- 
men were  John  Bayard  and  Isaac  Howell),  and  he  held  the 
office  until  April  18,  1789.  On  his  retirement  the  following 
resolution  was  passed  : 

"  Resolved,  That  Frederick  Phile  Esq.,  hath  acted  as  Naval 
Officer  for  the  Port  of  Philada.,  from  April  5,  1777,  'till 
this  present  time,  and  hath  executed  the  several  duties  of 
the  said  office  with  fidelity  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
Board." 

General  Daniel  Heister  was  born  in  Upper  Salford  town- 
ship, Montgomery  County,  Pennsylvania,  June  25,  1747; 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     348 

died  March  8,  1804.  In  1777  he  was  appointed  colonel 
of  the  Fourth  Battalion  Philadelphia  County  Militia.  His 
battalion,  with  others,  was  ordered  to  the  defence  of  the 
Swedes  Ford,  situated  just  below  Norristown,  at  the  time 
of  the  battle  of  Brandywine.  In  1782  he  was  promoted  to 
a  brigadier-generalship,  and  in  1784  was  elected  to  rep- 
resent Montgomery  County  in  the  Supreme  Executive 
Council.1 

Colonel  Joseph  Dean  was  the  son  of  Eev.  "William  Dean, 
a  Presbyterian  clergyman,  and  was  born  in  Ballymena, 
County  Antrim,  Ireland,  August  10,  1738;  died  Septem- 
ber 9,  1793.  He  became  a  large  importing  merchant  in 
Philadelphia  previous  to  the  Revolution,  and  was  a  signer 
of  the  non-importation  resolutions.  In  December,  1776,  he 
was  appointed  by  the  Assembly  on  the  Committee  of  Safety, 
and  on  the  organization  of  the  Board  of  War,  a  member  of 
that  body.  In  January,  1781,  the  Supreme  Executive 
Council  appointed  him  one  of  the  auditors  "  to  settle  and 
adjust  the  accounts  of  the  books  of  this  state  in  the  service 
of  the  United  States,"  and  in  October  following  a  warden  of 
the  port  of  Philadelphia.  In  1790  he  was  chosen  auctioneer. 

Colonel  Alexander  Boyd  was  ordered  by  the  Council  of 
Safety,  in  1776,  to  report  on  the  movements  of  the  British 
from  New  York,  which  he  did  in  a  letter  addressed  to  Mr. 
Thomas  Wharton,  Jr.,  President  of  that  Board.  On  No- 
vember 2,  1780,  he  was  commissioned  auctioneer  for  the 
Northern  Liberties,  and  held  this  office  until  July  12,  1786, 
when  he  tendered  his  resignation.  In  1782  he  commanded 
a  ranging  company  on  the  frontier. 

Colonel  Francis  Wade.  On  May  18,  1779,  Colonel  Wade 
wrote  to  Colonel  John  Mitchell,  from  Wilmington,  Dela- 
ware, that  the  British  had  landed  and  taken  possession  of 
Portsmouth,  Virginia,  and  that  they  were  four  thousand 
strong;  marching  to  Suffolk;  thought  to  be  on  their  way 
to  Baltimore.  'He  signed  himself  Deputy  Quartermaster- 
GTeneral.  On  May  28,  1780,  he  wrote  to  President  Eeed 
1  Perkiomen  Kegion,  by  Henry  S.  Dotterer. 


344     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

from  "Wilmington,  giving  a  very  full  account  of  a  boat  of 
the  enemy  making  captures  of  small  boats,  such  as  fishing 
vessels,  etc.  He  says  "  this  boat  is  very  long  and  light  and 
rows  with  ten  oars.  They  took  a  small  schooner  with  clams 
but  let  her  go  on  account  of  a  sick  man  on  board.  They 
laughed  at  our  armed  schooner  and  boats,  and  did  not  let 
on  to  be  under  the  least  apprehension  of  danger  from 
them." 

Colonel  Benjamin  Eyre  was  one  of  the  three  brothers  Eyre, 
shipbuilders  of  Philadelphia,  who  built  some  of  the  first 
frigates  for  the  government  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  and 
all  three  of  whom  took  an  early  and  active  part  in  that 
conflict.  Benjamin  G.  Eyre  was  a  volunteer  aid  de  camp 
on  the  staff  of  General  Washington,  with  the  rank  of 
colonel,  during  the  Princeton  and  Trenton  campaign  in  the 
winter  of  1776-1777".  He  is  on  Trumbull's  famous  picture 
of  Washington  and  staff  at  Princeton.  He  was  engaged  by 
the  government  on  several  occasions  to  oversee  the  building 
of  boats,  fortifications,  gun-platforms,  etc.,  and  was  with 
General  Sullivan,  in  charge  of  a  party  of  ship-carpenters,  in 
the  Newport  expedition  in  1778. 

Colonel  Thomas  Proctor  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1739  ;  died 
in  March,  1806.  He  raised  and  commanded  the  first  and 
only  regular  organization  of  Pennsylvania  artillery  in  the 
Revolution.  In  1776  he  was  made  major,  arid  was  so  much 
thought  of  as  an  artillery  officer  that  he  was  given  com- 
mand of  the  Continental  artillery  during  General  Knox's 
temporary  absence.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Brandy  wine  and  Germantown,  and  was  with  the  army  at 
Valley  Forge.  On  April  21,  1780,  he  was  commissioned 
by  Congress  colonel  of  the  Fourth  Battalion  of  Artillery. 
He  was  sheriff  of  Philadelphia  County  from  October  20, 
1783,  to  October  14,  1785,  and  was  a  prominent  Mason. 
He  was  buried  in  St.  Paul's  Episcopal  Church  grounds^ 
Philadelphia,  and  a  monument  was  erected  to  his  memory 
by  the  Carpenters'  Association,  of  which  he  was  a  member 
from  1772  until  his  death. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     345 

Jonathan  Bayard  Smith  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  February 
21,  1742,  and  died  there  June  16,  1812.  He  was  among 
the  earliest  of  those  who  espoused  the  cause  of  indepen- 
dence, and  was  active  in  the  Kevolutionary  struggle.  In 
1775  he  was  chosen  secretary  of  the  Committee  of  Safety, 
and  in  February,  1777,  was  elected  by  the  Assembly  a  dele- 
gate to  the  Continental  Congress,  and  a  second  time  from 
April,  1777,  to  November,  1778.  He  was  prothonotary  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  In  December,  1777,  he  pre- 
sided at  a  public  meeting  in  Philadelphia  of  "  Real  Whigs," 
by  whom  it  was  resolved,  "  That  it  be  recommended  to  the 
Council  of  Safety  that  in  the  great  emergency  .  .  .  every 
person  between  the  age  of  16  and  50  years  be  ordered 
under  arms."  During  this  year  he  was  commissioned  lieu- 
tenant-colonel of  a  battalion  of  Associators  under  Colonel 
John  Bayard,  who  was  Colonel  Smith's  brother-in-law,  and 
later  commanded  a  battalion.  In  1778  he  was  appointed  a 
Justice  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  Quarter  Sessions, 
and  Orphans'  Court,  which  position  he  held  for  many  years. 

Colonel  William  Coats  was  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  First 
Battalion  of  City  Militia,  and  on  January  4,  1777,  he  re- 
ported to  the  Council  of  Safety,  from  Bristol,  Pennsylvania, 
that  General  Washington  had  captured  Princeton.  Again, 
on  August  16,  1777,  he  urged  Timothy  Matlack  to  forward 
certain  commissions  for  some  of  the  officers  of  his  battalion, 
fearing  that,  as  they  had  orders  to  march,  said  officers  would 
not  go  without  them,  believing,  as  they  did,  that  they  were 
not  officers  without  their  commissions.  He  wrote  from  the 
camp  at  White  Marsh  to  Matlack  that  he  was  trying  to 
organize  some  artillery  out  of  those  men  whose  time  was 
up,  and  desired  money  sent  to  him  to  help  him  do  it.  He 
ended  his  letter  with,  "  Shall  be  glad  if  I  am  wanted  to 
attend  the  House  [Assembly].  You  will  please  let  me 
know  by  the  return  of  Col.  Dewees.  Our  enernys  to  the 
Constitution  here  say  that,  we  can't  make  a  house  and  that 
we  have  given  up  the  constitution  [State] ."  On  February 
4,  1778,  he  was  captured  by  the  British,  but  was  paroled  in 


p 
346     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

his  civil  as  well  as  military  capacity;  and  in  1779  he  sug- 
gested that  he  be  exchanged  for  Mr.  John  Foxcroft,  who 
was  formerly  Postmaster-General.  He  was  for  many  years 
lieutenant  for  Philadelphia  County,  and  held  that  position 
at  the  time  he  attended  this  dinner. 

Colonel  William  Will.  In  1776-77  he  organized  a  com- 
pany known  as  Captain  Will's  Company  of  Associators. 
In  1777  he  was  made  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  First  Bat- 
talion, also  of  the  Third  Battalion,  of  which  Jacob  Morgan 
was  colonel,  and  which  he  afterwards  commanded.  On 
October  2,  1779,  he  was  thanked  in  a  letter  by  President 
Reed,  of  Pennsylvania,  for  his  care  of  the  salt  which  was 
under  the  supervision  of  the  State,  and  later  in  the  same 
month  was  informed  that  some  one  was  selling  salt  con- 
trary to  law.  On  December  16,  1780,  he  informed  Presi- 
dent Reed  of  a  "  suspitious  carracter,"  cleared  for  Boston, 
but  thought  bound  for  New  York.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Assembly  in  1785. 

We  must  not  forget  our  diarist,  Jacob  Hiltzheimer. 

During  the  war  of  independence  he  sided  with  the 
colonies,  attached  himself  to  the  First  Battalion  City 
Militia,  and  was  also  connected  with  the  Quarter  Master's 
Department,  in  which  he  rendered  valuable  service  to  the 
army  in  the  field.  He  became  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Patriotic  Association.  As  Street  Commissioner  for  three 
years  he  discharged  the  duties  of  the  office  in  a  manner 
worthy  the  emulation  of  public  servants  at  the  present  day. 
He  was  elected  in  1786  a  Representative  of  the  city  in 
the  Assembly,  and  served  eleven  consecutive  years,  being 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  claims  and  on  other  impor- 
tant committees. 

That  the  men  who  were  officers  of  the  Saint  Tammany 
Society  this  year  were  the  most  prominent  in  affairs  we 
think  we  have  shown  by  the  foregoing  short  sketches  of 
them :  judges,  generals,  colonels,  and  civic  officers,  all  occu- 
pying prominent  positions  in  the  community  in  which  they 
lived.  If  we  look  carefully  into  their  records  we  will  see 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     347 

that  many,  if  not  all,  were  identified  with  the  Constitu- 
tional Society  or  party  whose  object  was  the  preservation  of 
the  State  Constitution  inviolate.1  Later  in  the  year  William 
"Will  and  William  Moore  were  on  the  Constitutional  ticket 
for  the  Assembly,  and  at  the  same  time  Edward  Pole  was 
suggested  as  a  candidate  upon  the  same  ticket.2  He,  it  will 
be  remembered,  was  in  earlier  years  the  secretary  of  the 
Constitutional  Society.  We  think,  too,  that  the  point  made 
earlier  in  this  history  is  maintained,  that  the  Constitutional 
Society  and  Saint  Tammany  Society  were  so  closely  identi- 
fied that  it  would  at  this  late  date  be  diificult  to  state  the 
difference,  if  any,  which  existed  between  them.  Party  feel- 
ing ran  very  high  at  this  period,  and  the  language  used  by 
Oswald,  in  the  Independent,  against  Bailey,  in  the  Freeman's 
Journal,  who  espoused  the  constitutional  side,  was  of  such 
a  character  that  we  are  unable  to  reproduce  it  here. 

That  the  singer  (Mr.  John  Leacock)  at  last  year's  dinner 
sang  to  some  purpose  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  he  offered 
himself  as  a  candidate  for  the  position  of  coroner  at  the 
election  held  this  year,  and  secured  the  office. 

Our  Society  was  now  evidently  in  the  heyday  of  pros- 
perity and  commanded  a  great  deal  of  attention.  An 
almanac  printer  advertises  that  there  will  be  offered  in 
Philadelphia  and  different  towns  through  the  State  "  Father 
Tammany's  Almanac  For  the  year  of  our  Lord  1786,"  with 
a  neat  "  engraving  of  Father  Tammany  Shooting  a  Deer." 
We  also  see  by  the  Directory  of  this  year  (1785)  that 
George  Savell  is  inn-keeper  at  "  St.  Tammany's  Wigwam," 
banks  of  Schuylkill  near  Race  Street.  This  tavern  was 
situated  on  the  east  bank  of  the  river,  and  later  became  a 
noted  meeting-place  of  the  Society. 

1  "The  distinction  was  that  the  Eepublicans  wanted  an  alteration  in 
the  Constitution.     They  wished  to  have  a  House  of  Representatives 
and  a  Senate.     The  other  party  (Constitutionalists)  thought  no  altera- 
tion necessary." — Autobiography  of  Charles  Biddle,  page  202. 

2  Independent,  September  17. 

(To  be  continued.) 


$ 
348  William  Biles. 


WILLIAM  BILES. 

BY   MILES   WHITE,  JR.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

(Concluded  from  page  206.) 

William  Biles  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  which 
began  its  session  at  Philadelphia  October  14,  1707,1  and  he 
and  John  Bethell  were  sent  with  a  message  to  the  Governor 
(Evans),  to  find  out  when  the  Assembly  should  meet  him. 
They  waited  on  him,  and  he  made  an  address,  the  beginning 
of  which  was  to  the  effect  that  he  noticed  that  most  of  the 
members  were  the  same  as  those  of  last  year,  who  had  lost 
so  much  time  and  fallen  into  unnecessary  disputes.  How- 
ever, he  addressed  them  as  a  new  body  and  hoped  that 
they  would  begin  afresh.  He  made  no  allusion  to  his  per- 
sonal affair  with  William  Biles  in  the  Assembly  of  1704, 
though  this  was  the  first  time  that  Biles  had  been  in  the 
Assembly  since. 

The  Assembly  which  met  in  Philadelphia  October  14, 
1708,  Charles  Gookin  being  Lieutenant-Governor,  was  the 
last  one  of  which  William  Biles  was  a  member,  and  on  2d 
mo.  13,  1709,  he  was  on  a  committee  to  draw  up  an  answer 
to  the  Governor's  speech. 

William  Penn  made  several  treaties  with  the  Indians,  the 
last  of  which  was  in  1686,  though  the  place  where  it  was 
held  is  not  mentioned  anywhere.  After  Penn's  death  a 
document  was  found  among  his  papers  in  England,  which 
was  endorsed  "  Copy  of  the  last  Indian  Purchase."  Davis 2 
says  — 

' '  there  was  never  any  attempt  to  prove  the  deed  by  calling  the  persons 
who  witnessed  it ;  and  the  only  personal  evidence  is  that  of  William 
Biles  and  Joseph  Wood,  who  declared  they  remembered  a  treaty  being 
held,  but  did  not  know  that  a  deed  had  been  executed." 

1  Votes  of  Assembly,  vol.  ii.  p.  1. 

2  Hist.  Bucks  Co.,  p.  490. 


William  Biles.  349 

William  Biles's  active  participation  in  civil  affairs  was 
not  greater  than  in  religious  ones.  As  has  previously  been 
stated,  meetings  for  worship  had  been  held  at  his  house 
before  the  arrival  of  Penn,  and  the  first  meeting  for  disci- 
pline, which  was  the  germ  of  Falls  Meeting,  took  place  there 
on  3d  mo.  2,  1683,1  as  also  the  first  Quarterly  Meeting, 
which  was  held  3d  mo.  7,  1684. 

Charles  W.  Smith,  in  his  History  of  the  Early  Settlement  of 
Wrightstown?  gives  a  copy  of  the  opening  minute  of  the  first 
Monthly  Meeting.  It  was  as  follows : 

"Men's  Monthly  Meeting  held  near  the  Falls  of  Delaware  in  the 
County  of  Bucks  in  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania. 

"At  a  meeting  at  William  Biles  House  the  2nd  day  of  the  3d  mo. 
1683,  then  held  to  wait  upon  the  Lord  for  his  wisdom,  to  hear  what 
should  be  offered  in  order  to  inspect  the  affairs  of  the  church,  that  all 
things  might  be  kept  sweet  and  savoury  therein,  to  the  Lord,  and  by 
our  care  over  the  church,  helpful  in  the  works  of  God"— "  and  we 
whose  names  are  as  follows,  being  present,  thought  it  fit  &  necessary  that 
a  Monthly  Meeting  should  be  set  up,  both  of  men  and  women  for  that 
purpose,  and  that  this  meeting  be  the  first  of  mens  meetings  after  our 
arrival  in  these  parts." 

The  friends  present  were  William  Yardley,  James  Har- 
rison, Phineas  Pemberton,  William  Biles,  William  Dark, 
Lyonell  Brittaine,  and  William  Beaks.  All  of  William 
Biles's  services  in  behalf  of  the  meeting's  interests  are  of 
course  not  known,  but  the  minutes  record,  among  others, 
the  following : 3 

On  1st  mo.  4,  1685,  the  matter  of  difference  so  long  depending  be- 
tween William  Yardley  and  Eleanor  Pownall  was  brought  before  the  Mo. 
Mtg.,  and  Henry  Baker  and  William  Biles  were  appointed  to  settle 
same,  and  on  4th  mo.  3,  they  reported  that  the  dividing  line  should 
be  run  according  as  surveyor  first  laid  it  out  by  Governor's  order.  6th 
mo.  5,  1685,  Thomas  Janney,  William  Biles,  Henry  Baker  and  Eichard 

1  Davis' s  Hist.  Bucks  Co.,  p.  105  ;  MS.  Minutes  Falls  Monthly  Meet- 
ing and  Bucks  Quarterly  Meeting. 

2  P.  21  ;  see  also  Hist.  Sketches  relating  to  Early  Settlement  of  Friends 
at  Falls,  p.  30. 

3  MS.  Minutes  Falls  Monthly  Meeting  and  Bucks  Quarterly  Meeting. 


350  William  Biles. 

Hough  were  appointed  by  the  Qtly.  Mtg.  to  adjust  the  difference  be- 
tween Jno.  Brooks  and  Lydia  Wharmby,  and  on  6th  mo.  17,  1687, 
William  Biles  was  dealt  with  for  selling  liquor  to  Indians. 

In  1690  the  first  meeting-house  was  built  near  Fallsington,  and  was 
deeded  to  Thomas  Janney,  William  Biles,  Eichard  Hough,  and  Joshua 
Hoopes,  in  trust  for  the  meeting.  On  llth  mo.  6,  1691,  certain 
Friends,  including  William  Biles,  agreed  to  take  the  meeting's  share  of 
all  books  that  shall  be  printed  in  the  unity  of  Friends  and  by  their 
approbation.  On  12th  mo.  1,  1692,  William  Biles  took  upon  him  to 
pay  the  balance  of  carpenters1  account  for  the  meeting-house.  On  5th 
mo.  1,  1696,  William  Biles  and  wife  proposed  to  visit  Friends  in  New 
England,  and  were  given  a  Certificate.  On  9th  mo.  3,  1697,  it  was 
"  agreed  that  a  Testimony  be  drawn  concerning  Thomas  Janney 's  labors 
and  service  amongst  us  in  the  Truth,"  and  Joseph  Kirkbride,  William 
Biles,  Phineas  Pemberton,  Richard  Hough,  Jane  Biles,  and  Margery 
Hough  were  appointed  to  prepare  the  same.  In  1 699  it  was  decided  to  en- 
large the  meeting-house,  and  William  Biles,  Eichard  Hough,  and  Joshua 
Hoopes  were  appointed  to  make  the  agreement  with  workmen.  On  7th 
mo.  4,  1700,  Joshua  Hoopes  and  his  wife  Eleanor,  who  had  had  some 
differences',  Avere  present,  but  did  not  agree  in  their  accounts,  and 
Eichard  Hough,  William  Duncan,  and  William  Biles  were  appointed  to 
hear  them  together  and  give  an  account  to  the  meeting.  On  8th  mo.  2 
they  reported  that  Elinor  did  not  sustain  her  position,  and  a  paper  of 
Condemnation  which  Joshua  had  formerly  brought  in  against  his  wife 
was  read  and  approved  by  the  meeting.  On  1 1th  mo.  5  Jane  Biles  pro- 
posed to  go  to  visit  Friends  in  some  parts  of  Europe,  and  William  said 
he  formerly  had  opposed  it,  but  now  gave  his  consent  and  would  go 
with  her,  and  on  1st  mo.  5,  1701,  certificates  for  both  were  read  and 
signed.  On  7th  mo.  6,  1704,  William  Biles,  Joseph  Kirkbride,  Eichard 
Hough,  and  Jacob  Janney  were  appointed  to  assist  Elizabeth  Brock  to 
settle  her  deceased  husband's  estate.  On  llth  mo.  4,  1709,  William 
Biles  was  reported  as  being  very  weak,  and  unfit  to  take  care  of  the 
meeting's  accounts,  and  on  5th  mo.  5,  1710,  he  was  reported  as  being 
dead,  and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  call  on  his  son  William  for  the 
meeting's  books  and  papers. 

George  Keith  caused  much  trouble  and  dissension  among 
the  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  finally  was  dis- 
owned by  the  meetings.  On  4th  mo.  17,  1692,  William 
Biles,  William  Yardley,  and  others  wrote  a  letter  to  London 
Friends  about  the  difficulties  and  divisions  occasioned  by 
Keith's  separation.1 

1  Evans's  Exposition,  etc.,  p.  218. 


William  Biles. 


351 


On  4th  mo.  20,  1692,  the  Meeting  of  Public  Friends,  in 
Philadelphia,  gave  forth  its  Testimony l  of  Denial  against 
him,  and  among  the  signers  was  William  Biles; 2  and  the 
Yearly  Meeting  held  at  Burlington  7th  mo.  7,  1692,  sent 
out  its  Testimony  signed  by  over  two  hundred  members, 
including  William  Biles. 

On  account  of  the  misrepresentations  made  by  Keith  in 
regard  to  the  teachings  of  the  Society,  it  was  deemed  wise 
to  state  clearly  what  these  really  were,  and  this  was  accord- 
ingly done;  and  in  1695  T.  Sowle  published,  in  London,  a 
pamphlet  entitled  Our  Antient  Testimony  renewed  concerning 
our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ,  the  Holy  Scriptures  and 
the  Resurrection,  given  forth  by  a  Meeting  of  Public  Friends  and 
Others,  at  Philadelphia  in  Pennsylvania;  and  this  was  also 
published  in  1696  as  an  Appendix  to  the  English  translation 
of  TJie  General  History  of  the  Quakers,  by  Gerard  Croesse. 
Among  the  thirty-nine  signers  of  this  statement  were  Grif- 
fith Owen,  William  Biles,  Richard  Gove,  and  Thomas 
Janney. 

William  Biles  seems  always  to  have  been  a  clear-headed 
advocate  of  the  principles  of  Quakerism,  and  it  has  been 
said  that 3 

* '  There  appears  to  be  good  evidence  in  the  testimonies  of  various  kinds 
left  concerning  this  Friend,  that  he  was  one  qualified  by  the  Great 
Minister  of  Ministers,  to  labour  in  his  cause,  and  that  his  Gospel  labours 
were  blessed  to  the  good  of  the  church.  How  much  more  useful  in  the 
Lord's  hand,  he  and  many  of  his  fellow-ministers  would  have  been,,  if 
they  had  refused  all  public  offices,  we  cannot  tell." 

William  and  Johannah  Biles  had  eight  children,  five  of 
whom  were  born  in  England  and  three  in  America.  The 
dates  of  birth  of  the  former  are  taken  from  Friends'  Records 
at  Devonshire  House,  London,  where  the  name  is  spelled 
"Byles,"  and  of  the  latter  from  Records  of  Middletown 

1  The  Friend,  vol.  xix.  p.  86  ;  Proud' s  Hist.  Penna.,  vol.  i.  pp.  365, 
368  ;  Hazard's  Register  Pa.,  vol.  vi.  pp.  279,  280. 

2  Ibid.,  pp.  301,  302  ;   The  Friend,  vol.  xix.  p.  109. 

3  The  Friend,  vol.  xxviii.  p.  1 09. 


$ 
352  William  Biles. 

Quarterly  Meeting,  Pennsylvania,  where  the  name  is  spelled 
"Biles."  Many  of  the  certificates  of  early  marriages  in 
Pennsylvania  were  not  recorded,  and  this  is  the  case  with 
those  of  most  of  these  children.  From  the  minutes,  which 
show  .when  six  of  them  received  permission  to  marry,  and 
from  their  father's  will,  it  appears  that  they  married  as 
stated  below. 

CHILDREN.1 

I.  Elizabeth,  b.  4th  mo.  3,  1670  ;  m.,  1st,  at  house  of  William  Biles, 
8th  mo.   31,    1688,  Stephen  Beaks,  and  had  five   children.     She  m., 
2d,  Matthew  Hughes. 

II.  2.    William,  b.  llth  mo.  12,  1671  ;  m.,  at  Middletown  Meeting, 
llth  mo.,  1695,  Sarah  Langhorne,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Grace  Lang- 
horn  e,  and  had  nine  children.  4 

3.  George,  b.  7th  mo.  4,  1673  ;  bur.  12th  mo.  27,  1708/9  ;  m.,  1697, 
Martha  Blackshaw,  who  d.  1720.     They  had  six  children.     She  m.,  2d, 
1713,  Joseph  Waite,  of  Philadelphia,  who  d.  before  her,  in  1720. 

4.  Joanah,2  b.   1st  mo.  1,  1675;  m.,  1695,  Samuel  Beaks,  and  had 
six  children. 

5.  John,  b.  1st  mo.  31,  1678  ;  m.,  at  Chesterfield  Monthly  Meeting, 
New  Jersey,  1707,  Mary  Lambert,  b.  2d  mo.  2,  1681,  daughter  of  Thomas 
and  Elizabeth  Lambert,  and  had  five  children. 

6.  Rebeckah,  b.  10th  mo.  27,  1680  ;3  m.,  at  Falls  Meeting,  6th  mo. 
18,  1703,  Joseph  Janney,  b.  1st  mo.  26,  1675/6  ;  d.  about  1728 ;  son  of 
Thomas  and  Margery  (Heath)  Janney,   and  had  six  children,  five  of 
whom  moved  to  Loudoun  County,  Virginia. 

7.  Mary,  b.  llth  mo.  1,  1682  ;  m. Eobbins,  and  had  one  child. 

8.  Ann,  b.  4th  mo.  13,  1685  ;  m.,  12th  mo.,  1706/7,  Thomas  Yardley, 
who  came  to  America,  in  1704,  from  Eushton  Spencer,  County  Stafford. 
They  had  ten  children.     For  account  of  them,  see  the   Yardley  Gene- 
alogy. 

From  Phineas  Pemberton's  letters 4  we  learn  that  in  3d 
mo.,  1687,  a  great  land  flood  and  freshet  at  the  Falls  occa- 

1  The  number  of  children  that  each  of  William  Biles's  children  is 
stated  in  this  list  to  have  had  is  the  number  whose  names  have  been 
ascertained.     Each  of  his  children  may  have  had  more  than  herein 
mentioned. 

2  So  spelled  in  English  Eecords  ;  in  American  it  is  Johannah. 

3  Burlington  Monthly  Meeting  gives  her  birth  as  llth  mo.  27. 

4  Buck's  Bucks  Go.,  Pa.,  p.  23  ;  Hist.  Sketches  relating  to  Early  Settle- 
ment of  Friends  at  Falls,  p.  55. 


William  Biles.  353 

sioned  much  sickness.  Whether  this  was  the  cause  of  the 
death  of  William  Biles's  wife  cannot  now  be  stated,  hut  she 
died  that  year  and  was  huried  7th  mo.  4. 

On  10th  mo.  11,  1688,  he  married,  at  his  own  house, 
Jane  Atkinson,1  widow  of  Thomas  Atkinson,  and  it  has 
been  said  that 

"in  her  he  had  a  faithful  helpmeet,  and  one  well  calculated  to  assist 
him  on  his  journey  heavenward."  She  was  a  minister,  and  is  said  to 
have  had  an  eminent  public  testimony,  and  is  shown  by  the  Minutes 
of  Falls  Monthly  Meeting  to  have  been  useful  in  meetings  for  disci- 
pline, and  to  have  served  on  numerous  committees.  They  appear  to 
have  often  travelled  in  the  ministry  of  the  Gospel.  In  1st  mo.,  1689, 
she  visited  Friends  in  East  Jersey  and  on  Long  Island,  and  in  the 
summer  of  1696,  accompanied  by  her  husband,  she  visited  the  meetings 
of  Friends  in  New  England,  to  their  satisfaction.  A  concern  for  a 
long  time  rested  on  her  mind  to  pay  a  religious  visit  to  the  land  of  her 
birth,  but  her  husband  discouraged  it  as  far  as  he  could.  In  10th 
mo.,  1699,  she  laid  the  matter  before  the  General  Meeting  of  Ministers, 
and  towards  the  close  of  that  year  William  Biles,  writing  to  William 
Ellis,  who  had  just  returned  from  a  religious  visit  to  Friends  in  America, 
said,  "My  wife  talks  of  coming  to  you,  but  how  it  may  be  upon  that  ac- 
count I  shall  at  present  leave  to  the  ordering  hand  of  the  Lord ;  the 
voyage  is  great,  and  she  but  weakly  in  body."  When  the  meeting 
finally  gave  her  liberty  to  go,  "not  being  satisfied  with  the  opposition 
her  husband  made,"  he  decided  to  go  with  her,  and  in  the  early  part  of 
1701  they  both  went  to  England  and  Ireland  and  returned  towards  the 
close  of  1702,  and  the  visit  seems  to  have  been  well  accepted  there. 

Quite  a  lengthy  sketch  of  her  life  and  labors  was  published  in  The 
Friend*  from  which  it  appears  that  she  resided  in  Yorkshire,  and  in 
1678  married  Thomas  Atkinson,  a  minister  in  the  Society  of  Friends  ; 
that  in  1682  they  removed  to  New  Jersey,  and  brought  a  recommenda- 
tion from  Beamsley  Meeting  in  Yorkshire.  In  1687  she  was  taken  very 
ill,  and  both  she  and  her  husband  thought  she  would  die.  After  a  time 
he  told  her  he  believed  she  would  be  raised  up  again  and  that  he  should 
be  taken  instead.  This  proved  to  be  true,  for  that  very  day  he  became 
unwell,  and,  after  lingering  for  eight  or  nine  weeks,  died  ;  while  she,  by 

1  Yorkshire  Friends'  Records  at  Devonshire  House,  London,  show 
the  marriage   of   "Thomas  Adkinson   of  Sandwich,  Adingham  psh., 
Yorkshire,  to  Jane  Boid,  4th  mo.  4,  1678,  at  Knaresborough  Meeting." 
No  residence  or  parentage  of  Jane  Boid  being  given. 

2  Vol.  xxviii.  pp.  93,  102. 

VOL.  xxvi. — 23 


I 

354  William  Biles. 

whom  much  labor  in  the  militant  church  was  yet  to  be  performed,  grew 
stronger  and  stronger. 

Her  testimony  in  regard  to  her  husband,  Thomas  Atkin- 
son, has  been  published  in  The  Friend*  She  died  in  1709, 
and  was  buried  10th  mo.  21,  leaving  three  children  by  her 
first  husband  and  none  by  her  second.  William  Biles  did 
not  long  survive  his  wife,  but  died  in  1710,  and  his  burial 
took  place  3d  mo.  19. 

His  will  appears  not  to  have  been  recorded,  but  an  abstract 
of  it  was  published  in  PENNA.  MAG.  HIST.  AND  BiOG.2  It 
was  dated  January  5,  1709,  and  contained  the  following 
bequests : 

"To  my  son  John  Biles,  300  acres  of  land. 

' '  To  my  daughter  Elizabeth  Hewes,  wife  of  Matthew  Hewes,  the  sum 
of  twenty  shillings. 

"To  my  three  grandchildren,  John,  Mary,  and  Grace  Beakes,  the 
sum  of  fifty  pounds,  to  be  equally  divided  between  them. 

' '  To  my  daughter,  Johannah  Beakes,  the  wife  of  Samuel  Beakes,  the 
sum  of  twenty  shillings. 

"To  my  daughter,  Eebeckah  Janney,  the  wife  of  Joseph  Janney,  the 
sum  of  one  hundred  and  forty  pounds. 

' '  To  their  two  daughters,  Martha  and  Ann  Janney,  the  sum  of  ten 
pounds,  to  be  equally  divided  between  them. 

"To  my  daughter,  Ann,  the  wife  of  Thomas  Yardley,  the  sum  of  one 
hundred  and  fifty  pounds. 

"To  my  daughter-in-law,  Martha  Biles,  the  sum  of  five  pounds. 

' '  To  my  three  grandchildren,  Johannah,  Phebe,  and  Sarah  Biles,  the 
daughters  of  my  children  George  and  Martha  Biles,  the  sum  of  fifteen 
pounds,  to  be  equally  divided  between  them. 

"To  my  three  granddaughters,  Ann,  Grace,  and  Sarah  Biles,  the 
daughters  of  my  son  and  daughter,  William  and  Sarah  Biles,  the  sum 
of  fifteen  pounds,  to  be  equally  divided  between  them. 

"To  my  sister-in-law,  Mary  Biles,  the  widow  of  my  brother,  Thomas 
Biles,  of  Dorchester,  in  the  county  of  Dorset,  in  old  England,  eight 
pounds. 

"To  my  grandson,  William  Bobbins,  the  son  of  my  daughter,  Mary 
Bobbins,  the  plantation  where  I  last  lived,  lying  betwixt  the  land  of 
Anthony  Burton,  and  the  land  of  my  son  John  Biles.  It  being  part  of 

1  Vol.  xxvii.  p.  172. 

2  Vol.  xv.  p.  503. 


William  Biles.  355 

the  same  land  I  purchased  from  Henry  Barkar  [Baker?]  by  estimation, 
about  200  acres. 

"To  my  grandchildren,  Johannah  and  Eebeckah  Beakes,  the  daugh- 
ters of  my  son  and  daughter,  Samuel  and  Johannah  Beakes,  the  sum  of 
twenty-four  pounds. 

"To  my  son  William  Biles,  all  the  rest,  residue  of  my  lands  in  West 
Jersey,  etc. 

"Signed,  published,  and  declared  this  fifth  day  of  the  Eleventh 
month  called  January,  1709,  in  the  presence  of  us, 

"JER.  LANGHORN, 

"JOS.    KlRKBRIDE, 
"EGBERT  SOTCHER." 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  add,  that  upon  William  Biles's 
plantation,  near  Penn's  Manor,  there  now  stands  a  large 
brick  dwelling  of  ancient  date,1  which  has  been  represented 
by  tradition  and  from  the  initials  inscribed  upon  it  as  the 
homestead  of  William  Biles,  Sr.,  who  is  said  to  have  built 
it  of  bricks  brought  from  England.2 

There  is  also  a  tradition  that  the  Bible  William  Biles 
brought  to  America  had  belonged  to  John  Waite,  and  had 
the  latter's  name  in  it,  with  the  statement  that  he  bought  it 
in  1633.  It  has  been  surmised  by  some  that  this  John 
Waite  was  the  father  of  either  William  Biles's  mother  or 
wife. 

The  children  ot  William  Biles  do  not  seem  to  have  occu- 
pied so  prominent  a  place  in  the  meeting  as  their  father  did, 
Johannah,  William,  and  Ann  having  been  dealt  with  by 
Falls  Monthly  Meeting,  though  they  all  retained  their 
membership. 

II.  William  seems  to  have  been  the  most  prominent  of 
the  sons  in  civil  life,  and  he  occupied  many  public  posi- 

1  Hist.  Sketches  relating  to  Early  Settlement  of  Friends  at  Falls,  p.  26  ; 
Davis' s  Hist.  Bucks  Co.,  p.  105  n. 

2  Some  few  Colonial  houses  were  built  of  "bricks  brought  from  Eng- 
land," but  most  of  such  brick  houses  were  built  of  bricks  made  near  the 
spot.     In  those  days  bricks  of  two  shapes  or  sizes  were  used,  one  called 
"Dutch  bricks"   and  the  other  " English  bricks."     From  "English 
bricks"  to  ' '  bricks  brought  from  England' '  was  an  easy  step  for  tradition 
to  take. 


J 
356  William  Biks. 

tions.1  He  was  Sheriff  of  Bucks  County  1704-1707; 
Coroner  October  3,  1717 ;  Justice  of  the  Peace  September 
6,  1718 ;  January  4,  1722 ;  May  12,  1725 ;  September  14, 
1725;  September  13,1726;  September  10,1727;  Novem- 
ber 22, 1738 ;  member  of  Assembly  1710, 1711, 1718-1725, 
1732,  1735-1737;  and  Speaker  of  Assembly  1724-1725, 
having  been  so  elected  October  14,  1724.2 

In  1721  he  and  five  others  were  appointed  by  the  court 
as  viewers  for  a  road  from  "  Yardley's  Ferry  to  the  Cross 
Roads  near  Neshaminy  meeting-house," 3  and  in  1724  he 
was  on  the  committee  to  build  a  new  court-house  and  prison 
at  Newtown,  the  new  county-seat  of  Bucks  County.4  He 
was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  New  Jersey  December  5,  1721,5 
was  a  member  of  the  "  Council  of  Proprietors  of  West 
Jersey,"  and  as  such  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  paper 
sent  by  that  body  to  Governor  William  Burnet,  against 
repealing  an  act  for  ascertaining  the  line  between  the  eastern 
and  western  divisions  of  New  Jersey.6 

He  was  a  large  land-owner,  both  in  Bucks  County,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  in  New  Jersey,  having  inherited  some  tracts 
from  his  father  and  bought  others ;  among  the  latter  was  a 
half  interest  in  4000  acres  in  Evesham,  Burlington  County, 
which  he  bought  of  John  Borradail  in  1717,  and  sold  in 
1726  to  Thomas  Marks  for  £284,7  in  which  deed  he  is  styled 
"  William  Biles  of  Bucks  County,  Penna.,  Esqr."  . 

In  his  will,  made  in  1737,  he  left  certain  lands  on  "  Mor- 
ris" River  to  his  children,  but  they  did  not  inherit  them, 
for  he  (and  various  members  of  the  Lambert  family),  Jan- 
uary 15,  1738/9,8  released  for  £1500  to  Abraham  Bennet 

1  Pa.  Arch.,  2d.  ser.,  vol.  ix.  pp.  742-759. 

2  Votes  of  Assembly,  vol.  ii.  p.  403. 

3  PENNA.  MAG.  HIST.  AND  BIOG.,  vol.  vii.  p.  72. 

4  Ibid.,  p.  73  ;    Votes  of  Assembly,  vol.   ii.  p.  238  ;   Colonial  Eecords, 
vol.  iii.  p.  255. 

5  Snell's  Hist.  Hunterdon  Co.,  N.  J.,  p.  206. 

6  Smith's  Hist.  N.  J.,  Eeprint  1890,  pp.  551-554. 

7  W.  J.  Deeds,  Liber  D,  fol.  163. 

8  Ibid.,    Liber  E  F, /0J.  108. 


William  Biles.  357 

and  others  10,000  acres,  being  part  of  several  properties 
situate  in  Quohocking,  Cohansie,  and  Maurice  Eiver,  "West 
New  Jersey,  which  James  Wass  had  released  in  1707  to 
William  Biles,  his  father. 

The  wife  of  William  Biles,  Jr.,  was  Sarah  Langhorne,1 
sister  of  Jeremiah  Langhorne,  who  was  Chief-Justice  of 
Pennsylvania,  Speaker  of  Assembly,  member  of  the  same 
for  many  years,  and  also  filled  other  offices.  Indeed,  most 
of  those  connected  with  the  Biles  family  seem  to  have  been 
office-holders.  Thomas  Biles  was  Sheriff  1726-27;  Lang- 
horne Biles,  Justice  of  the  Peace  1749  and  1752;  and  other 
connections  of  the  family  for  years  served  as  Justices,  and 
in  the  Assembly. 

The  will  of  William  Biles,  of  Falls  Township,  was  dated 
December  3,  1737,  and  proved  September  27,  1739.  It  is 
recorded  in  Liber  I,fol.  267,2  and  in  it  mention  is  made  of 
his  wife  Sarah ;  his  sons  William,  Charles,  and  Langhorne ; 
his  daughters  Sarah  and  Elizabeth  Biles,  Ann  Pennington, 
and  Hannah  Janney ;  his  grandchildren  William,  Jeremiah, 
and  John  Beatts,  [Bates],  Edward,  Mary,  and  Sarah 
Pennington,  Thomas  and  Margaret  Biles ;  to  all  of  whom 
he  left  land,  mostly  in  West  Jersey,  on  "  Morris"  River, 
and  to  most  of  them  some  negroes.  By  a  codicil  he  left  the 
Island  to  his  son  William,  who  also  received  the  home 
plantation  after  his  mother's  death. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  his  children  and  the  persons 
they  married : 

CHILDREN  (ORDER  OF  BIRTH  UNCERTAIN). 

1.  Thomas,  b.  6th  mo.  30,  1696  ;  d.  1743;  m.,  12th  mo.  1729,  Eliza- 
beth Lambert,  daughter  of  Thomas,  of  New  Jersey.     She  returned  to 
Chesterfield  Meeting  llth  mo.,  1763.     Her  will  proved  1771  (N.  J. 
Wills,  Liber  15,  fol  474). 

2.  William,   d.    1775;  m.,   1st,   3d  mo.,   1725,   Ann   Stevenson,3  b. 

1  For  account  of  Langhorne  family,  see  PENNA.  MAG.  HIST.  AND 
BIOG.,  vol.  vii.  pp.  67-87. 
3  Ibid.,  vol.  xv.  p.  382. 
3  See  Our  Family  Ancestors,  p.  300. 


J 
358  William  Biles. 

12th  mo.  6,  1704;  d.  3d  mo.  8,  1734;  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Sarah 

(Jennings)  Stevenson;   m.,  2d,   Jane  ;   d.  1777.      William  and 

his  two  sons,  Thomas  and  William,  were  disowned  by  Falls  Meeting, 
6th  mo.,  1756,  for  joining  a  military  association  ;  his  will  is  recorded  in 
Bucks  Co.,  Liber  3,  fol  385. 

3.  Charles,  m.,  1729,  Ann  Mary  Baker,  b.  4th  mo.  16,  1704,  daugh- 
ter of  Samuel  and  Rachel  (Warder)  Baker,  for  account  of  whom  see 
Publications  So.  Hist.  Assoc.,  vol.  v.  p.  480.     In  1732  Charles  and  his 
wife  removed  from  Falls  to  Buckingham  Meeting. 

4.  Langhorne,  m.,  1749,   Hannah  Kirkbride,  b.  9th  mo.  23,  1726, 
daughter  of  Joseph,  Jr.,  and  Sarah  (Fletcher)  Kirkbride.     Langhorne 
was  disowned  by  Falls  Meeting,  1748,  for  joining  a  military  association  ; 
upon  his  marriage,  his  wife  was  taken  under  dealings,  and  in  1756  dis- 
owned therefor. 

5.  Ann,  b.  12th  mo.  4,  1702/3;  bur.   12th  mo.  22,  1748/9;  m.  10th 
mo.,  1725,  Isaac  Pennington,  b.  1700,  son  of  Edward  and  Sarah  (Jen- 
nings) Pennington. 

6.  Grace,  d.  before  1737  ;  m.  Bates,  who  was  twice  married. 

The  will  of  her  daughter  Sarah  Bates,  dated  1760  (Bucks  Co.  Wills, 
Liber  3,  fol.  21),  mentions  sister  Hannah,  wife  of  Saml.  Yeardley; 
aunt  Hannah  Janney  ;  cousin  Charles  Janney ;  cousin  Bettie  Janney, 
daughter  of  Abel  Janney  ;  niece  Sarah  Bates,  daughter  of  brother  John  ; 
cousins   Ann  and  Elizabeth  Janney  ;   brother  John  Bates  and  half- 
brother  Job  Bates. 

7.  Sarah,  d.  s.  p.  1781  ;  m.,  1740,  Lawrence  Growden,  who  was  twice 
married.     Her  will  is  recorded  in  Bucks  Co.,  Liber  4,  fol.  336. 

8.  Elizabeth,  m.,  1740,  Abel  Janney.     The  marriage  license,  issued 
in  New  Jersey  June  5,  1740,  describes  them  as  Abel  Janney,  of  Maid- 
enhead, New  Jersey,   and  Elizabeth  Biles,  of  Bucks  County,  Pennsyl- 
vania.    It  is  not  certain  whether  Abel  was  the  son  of  Thomas  and 
Eachel  (Pownall)  Janney  or  of  Abel  and  Elizabeth  (Stacy)  Janney, 
though   probably  the  former,  whose  wife  was   named  Elizabeth,   and 
joined  Middletown  Monthly  Meeting  in  1745;  she  and  her  husband 
moved  to  Virginia  in  1746  and  returned  to  Pennsylvania  in  1748,  he 
dying  that  year  (see  Publications  So.  Hist.  Assoc.  vol.  v.  p.  481).     The 
latter  Abel  married  out  of  meeting,  prior  to  1742,  and  that  year  was  in 
Virginia,  whence  he  returned  in  1745,  and  in  1752  and  1753  kept  a 
tavern  in  Ridley  Township,  Chester  County,  Pennsylvania.     He  mar- 
ried   a    second    time    in    1755.     Whether    Elizabeth   (Biles)  Janney 
had   other  children   than  a  daughter   Betty  is   not  known.      Records 
of  Race  Street  Meeting,  Philadelphia,  show  the  burials  in  1758  and 
1759  of  four  children  of  Abel  Janney,  but  do  not  give  their  mother's 
name. 


William  Biles.  359 

9.  Hannah,  m.,  at  Falls  Meeting,  3d  mo.,  1735,  Thomas  Janney,  son 
of  Abel  and  Elizabeth  (Stacy)  Janney.  One  of  their  sons,  Thomas,  was 
a  Lieutenant  in  the  Falls  Company  Bucks  County  Associators  in  1775, 
(Pa.  Arch.,  2d  ser.,  vol.  xiv.  p.  151),  and  later  an  officer  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary army  (Ibid.,  vol.  x.  pp.  153,  449  ;  PENNA.  MAG.  HIST.  AND 
BIOG.,  vol.  vii.  p.  167). 


g6Q  The  Capture  of  Stony  Point. 


THE  CAPTUEE  OF  STONY  POINT.1 

ORATION    BY   HON.    SAMUEL   W.    PENNYPACKEE,    LL.D.,    AT   THE    DEDI- 
CATION   OP   THE    NEW   YORK    STATE    PARK,    JULY    16,    1902. 

Each  year  of  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  the  struggle  of 
the  Colonies  for  independence  and  for  the  establishment  of 
a  nationality  that  should  present  to  the  world  a  new  and 
permanent  system  of  government  was  marked  by  some 
event  which  may  be  regarded  as  distinctive  and  represent- 
ative of  the  campaign  and  the  time.  In  1775  the  contest 
was  begun  by  the  farmers  with  their  shotguns  and  rifles 
behind  the  stone  walls  running  along  the  road  from  Concord 
to  Lexington.  In  1776  the  tide  of  disaster  and  depression  was 
turned,  and  the  hope  of  final  success  dawned  at  Trenton.  In 
1777  there  was  victory  over  the  army  of  Burgoyne  in  your 
own  beautiful  valley  of  the  Hudson,  and  there  were  valor 
and  tenacity  shown  in  the  attack  upon  the  main  army  of 
the  British  at  Germantown.  In  1778  were  displayed  the 
sufferings  and  the  persistence  at  Valley  Forge.  In  1780  were 
begun  the  successful  campaigns  of  Greene  in  the  South.  In 
1781  the  surrender  of  Cornwallis  at  Yorktown  led  to  the 
practical  cessation  of  hostilities. 

The  important  event  of  1779,  the  central  year  of  the 
war,  was  of  a  character  to  catch  and  forever  hold  the 
attention  of  mankind,  one  which  the  State  of  New  York 
has  even  now  recognized  by  the  opening  of  this  attractive 
park.  "We  are  here  to  commemorate  that  event  and  to  tell 
it  over  again,  though  with  meagre  and  inadequate  words. 

The  main  purpose  of  the  campaign  of  1779,  upon  the  part 
of  Clinton,  who  was  in  command  of  the  British  forces,  was 

1  In  the  preparation  of  this  paper  I  have  been  much  indebted  to 
Dawson's  "Assault  upon  Stony  Point"  and  to  Johnston's  "Storming 
of  Stony  Point,"  but  I  have  differed  from  both  of  these  authors  in 
assigning  the  credit  for  the  plan  which  was  adopted. 


The  Capture  of  Stony  Point.  361 

to  break,  and  upon  the  part  of  Washington  to  maintain, 
the  lines  of  communication  between  the  Eastern  States  and 
those  to  the  southward  by  means  of  the  occupation  of  the 
Valley  of  the  Hudson.  The  most  important  position  upon 
the  strongest  of  these  lines  was  West  Point,  fortified  in 
such  a  way  as  to  render  it  almost  impregnable,  and  held  by 
the  centre  of  the  American  army  under  General  McDou- 
gall.  The  American  right,  under  command  of  Putnam, 
lay  near  Dean  Furnace,  and  the  left,  under  command  of 
Heath,  was  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Hudson,  extending 
eastward  from  the  Sugar  Loaf  Hill.  Into  this  position  it 
had  been  drawn  by  Clinton's  seizure  in  May  of  King's 
Ferry  and  its  termini  Stony  Point  and  Verplanck's  Point. 
West  Point  was  regarded  as  the  key  to  the  American  Con- 
tinent. To  gain  possession  of  it  by  force  the  British  had 
sent  the  army  of  Burgoyne  in  the  year  preceding,  and  in 
an  attempt  to  accomplish  the  same  end  by  the  persuasive 
influence  of  money  and  rank,  offered  to  the  unfaithful 
Arnold,  were  to  send  Andre  to  his  death  in  the  year  to 
follow.  It  was  held  fast  in  the  clutch  of  Washington  with 
an  army  of  about  nine  thousand  men. 

Fearing  that  his  grasp  could  not  be  loosened  by  any  direct 
effort  that  might  be  made,  and  hoping  to  tempt  him  to  come 
down  and  deliver  battle  in  the  open  plain,  Clinton  sent  a 
force,  under  Tryon,  into  Connecticut  to  devastate  and  lay 
waste  the  towns  and  farmsteads,  and  there  they  burned  two 
hundred  and  forty  dwellings,  seven  churches,  and  caused 
a  general  destruction  of  farms,  mills,  stores,  and  vessels. 
Fairfield  and  BTorwalk  suffered  the  most  severely. 

These  depredations  and  this  diversion  of  a  portion  of  the 
army  of  Clinton  failed  utterly  to  persuade  Washington  to 
leave  the  security  of  the  hills,  but  he  made  response  in  a 
way  which  was  as  unexpected  to  the  foeman  as  it  was 
unsatisfactory.  Thirteen  miles  below  West  Point,  upon 
opposite  sides  of  the  river,  are  the  promontories  of  Stony 
Point  and  Yerplanck's  Point,  and  between  them  ran  the 
ferry  which  constituted  a  link  in  what  was  the  shortest  and> 


' 
362  The  Capture  of  Stony  Point. 

most  effective  line  of  communication  between  the  Eastern 
and  Southern  Colonies.  Since  the  beginning  of  June  they 
had  been  in  the  occupation  of  the  British,  and  now  Wash- 
ington determined  to  make  an  effort  for  the  capture  of  both 
of  these  important  positions.  As  to  one  of  them,  his  plans 
resulted  in  an  entire  and  remarkable  success  which  has 
seldom  been' equalled  in  the  annals  of  warfare,  and  gave  to 
American  arms  a  reputation  such  as  earlier  achievements 
had  never  been  able  to  win  for  them. 

Stony  Point  was  a  rugged  promontory,  covered  with 
rock  and  wood,  extending  into  the  river  for  half  a  mile 
from  the  western  shore  line,  and  rising  to  a  height  of  one 
hundred  and  fifty  feet.  It  stood  like  a  solitary  sentinel, 
ever  keeping  watch  and  ward  over  the  gateway  of  the 
Highlands.  Bending  around  its  western  base  and  sepa- 
rating it  from  the  mainland,  a  marsh  sometimes  to  the 
depth  of  two  feet  crept  from  an  entrance  in  the  river  to  the 
north  to  an  outlet  in  the  river  to  the  south.  An  island 
fortress,  likened  often  in  its  strength  and  conformation  to 
Gibraltar,  it  seemed  to  present  insurmountable  obstacles  to 
any  attacking  force,  and  with  quiet  and  sardonic  frown  to 
threaten  its  destruction.  Upon  the  summit  the  British  had 
erected  a  series  of  redoubts  and  had  placed  seven  or  eight 
disconnected  batteries,  while  immediately  below  them  an 
abatis  extended  the  entire  length  of  the  crest.  Within 
this  fortification  were  four  companies  of  the  Seventeenth 
Regiment  of  Infantry,  one  company  of  American  Tories, 
and  a  detachment  of  the  Royal  Artillery.  About  one- 
third  of  the  way  down  the  hill  from  the  summit  ran  a 
second  line  of  abatis  supported  by  three  redoubts,  on  which 
were  brass  twelve-pound  cannon,  defended  by  two  com- 
panies of  the  Seventeenth  Regiment  and  two  companies  of 
Grenadiers.  At  the  foot  of  the  hill  near  the  morass  were 
five  pickets,  and  the  British  vessels  of  war  which  rode  in  the 
river  were  able  to  sweep  with  their  guns  the  low  ground  of  the 
approaches.  Four  brass  and  four  iron  cannon,  one  howitzer 
and  five  mortars,  amply  supplied  with  ammunition,  were  at 


The  Capture  of  Stony  Point.  363 

the  service  of  the  garrison,  which  consisted  of  over  six 
hundred  of  the  best  disciplined  and  most  trustworthy 
troops  in  the  British  army,  under  the  command  of  Colonel 
Henry  Johnson,  of  the  Seventeenth  Regiment,  a  young  and 
gallant  officer. 

This  formidable  fortification  so  manned  and  protected 
it  was  proposed  to  capture,  not  by  slow  approaches  or  the 
modern  convenient  method  of  turning,  but  by  storm. 
Could  the  Continental  troops  which  had  been  driven  from 
Bunker  Hill,  Long  Island,  Brandywine,  and  Germantown 
be  relied  upon  for  such  an  unprecedented  and  heroic 
effort  ? 

The  hope  of  success  depended  upon  the  secrecy  of  the 
preparations,  upon  the  courage  and  morale  of  the  troops, 
and  above  all  upon  the  character  of  their  commander  and 
his  capacity  to  take  advantage  of  every  opportunity  which 
might  be  presented.  For  this  purpose  the  wise  chieftain  at 
the  head  of  the  American  army  selected  Anthony  Wayne, 
a  Pennsylvania  brigadier,  thirty-four  years  of  age,  whose 
soldierly  qualities  indicated  a  rare  blending  of  keen  intelli- 
gence and  impetuous  courage,  and  who  had  won  a  dis- 
tinction at  Brandywine,  Germantown,  and  Monmouth  which 
his  defeat  at  Paoli,  due  to  the  wide  separation  by  his 
superior  of  the  wings  of  the  army,  had  failed  to  tarnish. 
He  was  destined  later  to  add  to  that  high  reputation  by 
numerous  campaigns  in  the  South,  and  to  gain  unperishable 
renown  when,  as  general  in  command  of  the  armies  of  the 
United  States,  he  broke  the  power  of  the  savages  of  the 
West  where  others  had  failed,  and  secured  that  seat  of 
future  empire  for  civilization.  His  sword  was  always  drawn 
from  the  scabbard,  its  edge  was  always  turned  towards  the 
foe,  and  in  the  councils  of  war  it  had  come  to  be  known 
that  the  voice  of  Wayne  was  ever  in  favor  of  taking  the 
risks  of  battle.  His  force  was  selected  from  the  Light 
Infantry,  the  brawniest  and  pluckiest  material  in  the  Con- 
tinental army,  welded  into  shape  and  tempered  by  the 
experience  of  four  years  of  warfare.  It  consisted  of  four 


I 
364  The  Capture  of  Stony  Point. 

regiments  of  three  hundred  and  forty  men  each,  the  first 
composed  of  troops  from  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania,  under 
Colonel  Christian  Febiger,  of  the  blood  of  the  old  Norse- 
men ;  the  second  of  troops  from  Pennsylvania,  Maryland, 
and  Delaware,  under  Colonel  Kichard  Butler,  one  of  the 
most  efficient  officers  of  the  Pennsylvania  line ;  the  third 
of  troops  from  Connecticut,  under  Colonel  Return  Jonathan 
Meigs,  from  that  State,  who  had  won  laurels  and  gained 
experience  at  Quebec ;  and  the  fourth  of  troops  from  Mas- 
sachusetts and  North  Carolina,  under  Colonel  Rufus  Putnam, 
of  Massachusetts,  who  had  seen  hard  service  at  Saratoga. 

Every  feasible  effort  to  secure  accurate  information  had 
been  made.  Light-Horse  Harry  Lee,  with  his  partisan 
legion,  had  patrolled  the  whole  country  and  picked  up 
stray  facts  from  farmers  and  deserters.  Allen  McLane  had 
gone  to  the  post  with  a  flag  of  truce  and  kept  his  eyes 
open  while  there.  Rufus  Putnam,  the  chief  engineer,  had 
made  a  careful  survey  from  the  vantage-ground  of  the 
neighboring  hills,  and  by  the  6th  of  July  both  Washington 
and  Wayne  had  made  personal  tours  of  inspection. 

' '  When  all  the  doors  were  fastened, 

And  all  the  windows  shut, 
There  was  yet  one  little  window, 
And  that  one  was  forgot." 

From  a  deserter  it  was  learned  that  the  Point  could  be 
approached  from  the  southward  along  a  beach  of  sand 
where  the  marsh  reached  the  river,  and  here  Washington 
suggested  the  advance  should  be  made.  On  the  10th  he 
wrote  a  letter  to  Wayne  containing  his  views  of  a  plan  for 
the  assault,  and  even  elaborating  such  details  as  the  putting 
of  a  white  feather  upon  the  cap  of  each  man,  but  he  left 
the  responsibility  for  its  acceptance  with  Wayne,  saying, — 

"  These  are  my  general  ideas  of  the  plan  for  a  surprise; 
but  you  are  at  liberty  to  depart  from  them  in  every  instance 
where  you  think  they  may  be  improved  or  changed  for  the 
better." 


The  Capture  of  Stony  Point.  365 

It  appears  that  for  some  reason  a  delay  had  been  pro- 
posed and  that  Wayne  was  eager  to  make  the  attempt  at 
once,  because  Washington  again  wrote,  on  the  14th,  giving 
his  permission  for  the  following  night,  and  adding,  "  You 
are  at  liberty  to  choose  between  the  different  plans  on 
which  we  have  conversed." 

By  the  next  morning  at  eleven  o'clock  the  arrangements 
were  completed  and  the  "  order  of  battle"  prepared.  With- 
out hesitation  Wayne  made  a  fundamental  change  in  the 
proposed  plan.  Instead  of  an  assault  in  a  .single  column 
from  the  southward,  he  ordered  that  Colonel  Febiger  form 
a  column  upon  the  right,  to  be  preceded  by  one  hundred 
and  fifty  picked  men  "  with  their  arms  unloaded,  placing 
their  whole  dependence  on  the  bayonet,"  and  that  Colonel 
Butler  form  a  column  on  the  left,  "  preceded  by  one  hun- 
dred chosen  men  with  fixed  bayonets"  and  with  arms 
unloaded.  Major  Murfree  was  directed  to  move  in  the 
centre  and,  dividing  a  little  to  the  right  and  left,  await  the 
attack,  and  thereupon  keep  up  a  galling  fire  as  a  feint.  It 
will  be  observed  that  this  plan  involved  an  apparent  frontal 
attack  accompanied  by  the  noise  of  musketry,  and  that  the 
real  attack  should  be  made  by  the  silent  columns.  Any 
soldier  who  presumed  to  take  his  musket  from  his  shoulder 
or  attempted  to  fire  without  orders  was  to  be  instantly  put 
to  death.  Any  soldier  so  lost  to  a  sense  of  honor  as  to  re- 
treat a  foot  or  skulk  in  the  presence  of  danger  was  likewise 
to  be  immediately  put  to  death  by  the  nearest  officer.  At 
the  head  of  each  column,  sixty  feet  in  advance,  were  to 
march  twenty  men  and  an  officer,  designated  as  the  "  Forlorn 
Hope,"  that  on  the  right  led  by  Lieutenant  Knox,  of  the 
Ninth  Pennsylvania,  and  that  on  the  left  by  Lieutenant 
James  Gibbons,  of  the  Sixth  Pennsylvania.  Upon  entering 
the  works  the  victorious  troops  were  to  shout  the  watch- 
word, "  The  fort's  our  own !"  Wayne,  who  was  determined 
to  share  in  the  danger  and  participate  in  the  glory,  as  his 
order  declares,  concluded  to  march  with  the  right  column. 

On  the  morning  of  the  15th  of  July  the  troops,  thirteen 


366'  The  Capture  of  Stony  Point. 

hundred  and  fifty  strong,  "fresh  shaved  and  well  pow- 
dered," were  drawn  up  for  inspection,  and  when  that  cere- 
monial was  completed,  instead  of  being  dismissed  to  their 
quarters,  they  started  on  the  road  to  the  southward.  Then 
for  the  first  time  officers  and  men  knew  that  some  event  of 
more  than  ordinary  moment  was  in  contemplation.  Over 
a  rough  and  narrow  back  road  dwindling  away  at  times  to 
a  mere  path,  across  rocky  hills  and  through  swamps  and 
ravines,  they  marched  thirteen  miles,  and  at  eight  o'clock 
in  the  evening  arrived  at  the  farm  of  David  Springsteel> 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  to  the  westward  of  Stony  Point, 
IsTot  a  soldier  had  been  permitted  to  leave  the  ranks,  every 
dog  for  miles  around  had  been  killed,  and  a  detachment  of 
the  Pennsylvania  battalion,  under  Captain  James  Chrystie, 
and  the  rangers  of  Allen  McLane  had  meanwhile  been 
sweeping  the  intervening  country  and  gathering  into  their 
embrace  all  wandering  countrymen  who  might  perchance 
give  warning  to  the  garrison.  The  secret  had  been  well 
kept  and  neither  friend  nor  foe  had  yet  heard  a  whisper  of 
the  coming  event.  Ere  the  storm  burst  there  was  a  lull  of 
three  hours  and  a  half  until  half-past  eleven  o'clock  at 
night. 

Picture  to  yourselves,  if  you  can,  you  who  are  here  one 
hundred  and  twenty-three  years  later  to  participate  in  this 
anniversary,  the  strain  and  suspense  of  that  interval.  After 
the  columns  had  been  formed  and  the  "  order  of  battle" 
read  to  them,  after  he  had  ridden  forward  for  the  last  time 
to  inspect  the  approaches,  Anthony  Wayne,  upon  whose 
shoulders  the  responsibility  rested,  keenly  alive  to  the  des- 
perate character  of  the  venture,  its  uncertainties  and  the 
personal  danger,  sat  down  "  near  the  hours  and  scene  of 
carnage"  at  eleven  o'clock  in  the  old  farm-house.  Securing 
a  sheet  of  paper,  he  wrote  to  a  near  friend,  "  This  will  not 
reach  you  until  the  writer  is  no  more.  ...  I  know  that 
friendship  will  induce  you  to  attend  to  the  education  of  my 
little  son  and  daughter.  I  fear  their  tender  mother  will 
not  survive  this  stroke.  ...  I  am  called  to  sup,  but  where 


The  Capture  of  Stony  Point.  367 

to  breakfast  either  within  the  enemies'  lines  in  triumph  or 
in  another  world." 

The  thought  of  the  strong  man,  with  the  scythe  of  the 
grim  reaper  flashing  before  him,  was  of  his  wife  and  chil- 
dren in  their  far-away  home  near  the  banks  of  the  Brandy- 
wine. 

The  time  had  come.  By  half  after  twelve  o'clock  the 
right  column  had  crossed  the  marsh,  two  hundred  yards  in 
width,  with  water  up  to  the  waists  of  the  men,  but  ere  they 
had  reached  the  far  side  the  pickets  of  the  enemy  opened 
fire  and  gave  the  alarm.  Without  a  shot  in  return,  in  the 
face  of  a  rapid  fire  from  cannon  and  muskets,  the  men,  led 
by  Fleury  and  Knox,  tore  down  the  abatis  and  pushed  for- 
ward up  the  steep.  The  Connecticut  officers,  Seldon, 
Phelps,  Palmer,  and  Hall,  and  the  Pennsylvanian,  Hay, 
were  grievously  wounded,  and  on  every  side  soldiers  were 
falling ;  but  who  could  halt  to  minister  to  them  ?  At  the 
second  abatis  Wayne  was  shot  in  the  head  and  brought  to 
the  ground,  but  rising  to  his  left  knee  and  pointing  to  the 
front  with  his  spear,  he  cried, "  Forward,  my  brave  fellows ; 
forward !"  and  later  was  carried  bleeding  into  the  fort.  The 
garrison  within  rushed  to  arms,  and  Colonel  Johnson,  the 
commandant,  with  about  half  of  his  force,  hastened  to  the 
centre  of  the  outer  line,  where  he  heard  the  rapid  firing 
from  Murfree,  thus  paying  tribute  to  the  wisdom  of  that 
part  of  the  plan.  In  a  few  minutes  Fleury  was  over  the 
parapet  and  grasping  the  British  flag,  and  with  the  honor 
of  being  first  within  the  entrenchments,  he  shouted, 
with  French  accent  and  enthusiasm,  "  The  fort's  our  own !" 
Following  him  and  each  other,  and  almost  at  the  same 
instant,  in  rapid  succession,  came  Knox,  of  the  "  Forlorn 
Hope;"  Sergeant  Baker,  of  Virginia,  wounded  four  times; 
Sergeant  Spencer,  of  Virginia,  wounded  two  times;  and 
Sergeant  Donlop,  of  Pennsylvania,  wounded  two  times. 

So  well  were  the  arrangements  planned  and  so  efficiently 
were  they  carried  out  that  the  two  columns,  with  different 
tasks  and  difficulties,  separated  in  space,  reached  the  para- 


' 
368  The  Capture  of  Stony  Point. 

pet  and  entered  the  Tort  almost  at  the  same  time.  There 
has  been  less  detail  preserved  as  to  the  occurrences  in  the 
left  column,  but  the  fact  that  when  Lieutenant  Gibbons,  of 
Philadelphia,  first  of  them  all,  crossed  the  parapet,  seven- 
teen of  the  twenty-one  in  the  "  Forlorn  Hope"  had  been 
shot,  sufficiently  attests  the  desperate  character  of  the  strug- 
gle. Upon  all  sides  now  resounded  the  cry,  "  The  fort's 
our  own!" 

There  were  clashing  of  sword  and  spear,  and  bayonet 
thrust;  but  the  British,  finding  that  the  Americans  had 
surmounted  their  defences,  and  that  farther  resistance  was 
useless,  soon  cried  for  mercy.  One  old  captain  refused  to 
surrender  and  fell  where  he  stood,  fighting  to  the  last. 

Of  the  British,  twenty  men  were  killed,  seventy-eight 
were  wounded,  fifty-eight  were  missing,  and  four  hundred 
and  seventy-two  were  taken  prisoners.  Of  the  victors, 
fifteen  were  killed  and  eighty-four  were  wounded. 

At  two  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  16th  Wayne  sent 
a  despatch  to  Washington,  informing  him  that  "  The  fort 
and  garrison,  with  Colonel  Johnson,  are  ours.  Our  officers 
and  men  behaved  like  men  determined  to  be  free." 

Up  to  this  time  no  event  of  the  war  had  produced  such 
an  ardor  of  enthusiasm  in  the  minds  of  both  the  army  and 
the  people.  The  newspapers  of  the  day  teemed  with 
praises  of  all  the  participants,  and  poets  depicted  the  details 
of  the  affair  in  their  most  stirring  verses.  The  Congress 
passed  resolutions  of  thanks  and  voted  gold  medals. 
Washington  wrote  that  the  officers  and  men  "  gloriously 
distinguished  themselves,"  and  Greene,  himself  a  hero,  in 
earnest  words  declared,  "  This  is  thought  to  be  the  per- 
fection of  discipline  and  will  forever  immortalize  General 
Wayne,  as  it  would  do  honor  to  the  first  general  in  Europe." 
Said  John  Jay,  later  the  distinguished  Chief-Justice  of  the 
United  States,  "  This  brilliant  action  adds  fresh  lustre  to 
our  arms."  And  General  Charles  Lee  wrote,  "  I  do  most 
sincerely  declare  that  your  action  in  the  assault  of  Stony 
Point  is  not  only  the  most  brilliant,  in  my  opinion,  through 


The  Capture  of  Stony  Point.  369 

the  whole  course  of  this  war  on  either  side,  but  that  it  is 
one  of  the  most  brilliant  I  am  acquainted  with  in  history." 
But  even  high  tributes  of  respect  came  from  the  enemy. 
General  Pattison,  who  commanded  the  British  artillery, 
wrote  to  Lord  Townsend  in  London  that  the  unfortunate 
event  "  has  filled  every  one  with  astonishment,"  and  Com- 
modore George  Collier  did  not  hesitate  to  assert  in  his 
journal  that  "  The  rebels  had  made  the  attack  with  a 
bravery  they  never  before  exhibited,  and  they  showed  at 
this  moment  a  generosity  and  clemency  which  during  the 
course  of  the  Rebellion  had  no  parallel." 

After  the  lapse  of  a  century  and  a  quarter,  Stony  Point 
yet  remains  the  most  conspicuous  and  imposing  illustration 
of  American  military  valor.  At  New  Orleans  the  riflemen 
of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  triumphed  over  the  veterans 
of  Wellington  fresh  from  the  fields  of  the  Peninsula,  but 
they  stood  behind  and  not  in  front  of  entrenchments.  At 
Fredericksburg,  Gettysburg,  and  Cold  Harbor  there  were 
desperate  and  sustained  charges  against  fortified  positions, 
but  in  each  instance  they  ended  in  failure.  The  great 
Empire  State  of  the  Union  does  well  to  set  apart  this  beau- 
tiful park  to  commemorate  the  only  instance  in  American 
history  where  the  soldiers  of  the  country  were  victorious 
over  a  disciplined  European  foe,  protected  by  what  seemed 
to  be  impregnable  fortifications.  She  is  to  be  commended 
for  her  effort  again  to  brighten  the  memory  of  that  remote 
time  in  our  annals  when  upon  her  soil  the  men  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, Virginia,  Maryland,  Delaware,  Forth  Carolina,  Con- 
necticut, and  Massachusetts,  all  wearing  the  buff  and  blue 
of  the  Continental  soldier,  together  faced  death  as  they 
clambered  up  these  steep  heights  in  the  defence  of  their 
own  liberties  and  in  the  maintenance  of  those  principles 
which  meant  the  welfare  of  the  human  race  during  the  ages 
that  were  yet  to  come. 

VOL.  xxvi. — 24 


• 
370     Interesting  Letters  of  George  Morgan  and  Aaron  Burr. 


INTERESTING  LETTEES   OF  GEOEGE  MOEGAN  AND 
AAEON  BUEE. 

BY   HON.    GL    D.    W.    VROOM,   TRENTON,   NEW   JERSEY. 

Anything  pertaining  to  the  celebrated  Reed-Cadwalader 
controversy  is  of  interest.  The  following  letter  closely  con- 
nected therewith  has  never  before  been  published.  The  late 
General  William  S.  Stryker,  in  his  "  Battles  of  Trenton  and 
Princeton,"  refers  to  it  for  the  purpose  of  fixing  the  time  of 
General  Cadwalader's  reply  to  General  Reed  as  early  in  the 
year  1783,  and  also  as  evincing  that  General  Cadwalader, 
after  the  publication  of  his  reply  to  General  Reed,  expected 
that  Reed  would  challenge  him.  Colonel  George  Morgan 
evidently  was  in  this  matter  acting  as  the  friend  of  General 
Cadwalader  and  had  in  view  a  possible  challenge ;  yet,  not- 
withstanding his  adroitness,  he  failed  to  draw  out  General 
Reed.  General  Cadwalader  forwarded  this  letter  to  his 
brother-in-law  General  Philemon  Dickinson  at  Trenton, 
among  whose  papers  it  was  found. 

PHILADA.  17th  April  1783— Thursday. 
SIR 

Agreeable  to  your  desire  I  called  this  morning  on  Genl. 
Reed  at  his  house  but  he  was  engaged  at  the  State  House 
in  a  Cause  at  Law  &  I  could  not  get  to  speak  to  him  then ; 
but  I  took  the  opportunity  of  the  Courts  adjourning  to  dine 
&  waited  on  him  at  his  own  House ;  where  as  you  desired  I 
informed  him  that  "  you  had  last  Friday  sent  him  one  of 
your  Pamphlets  &  that  you  had  since  then  waited  in  Town 
to  give  him  an  opportunity  to  call  on  you  had  he  thought 
proper — that  you  were  now  anxious  to  return  home  to 
Maryland  &  intended  to  leave  Town  to-morrow  morn'g  at 
nine  o'clock,  of  which  you  had  requested  me  to  inform 
him,  lest  it  might  be  a  disapointment  to  him — that  at  your 


Interesting  Letters  of  George  Morgan  and  Aaron  Burr.     371 

request  I  would  convey  to  you  his  reply." — He  desired  to 
know  whether  this  message  imported  anything  more  than 
mere  matter  of  information — I  reply'd  that  it  was  merely 
for  his  information  &  that  he  should  not  be  disapointed  if 

he  inclined  to  call  on  you  or  had  anything  to  say  to  you 

that  I  would  with  pleasure  convey  to  you  such  answer  as 
he  thought  proper  to  give — He  Reply'd  that  if  it  was  mere 
matter  of  information  it  was  very  well,  but  if  it  had  any 
other  meaning  he  would  be  glad  to  know  it — I  again 
repeated  what  I  before  mentioned  to  him  &  he  changed  the 
conversation  to  another  subject. 

I  am,  your  &c. 

GEO:  MORGAN. 
To  GENERAL  CADWALADER. 

At  the  time  this  letter  was  written  Colonel  George  Mor- 
gan resided  in  Philadelphia;  he  removed  from  there  to 
Princeton  soon  afterwards,  probably  in  1784,  as  Hageman, 
in  his  "  History  of  Princeton,"  says  that  his  name  appears 
in  that  year  in  a  subscription  to  the  church.  He  occupied 
the  farm  subsequently  owned  by  Thomas  Potter  and  now 
forming  part  of  the  University  grounds.  In  1804  he  sold 
his  Princeton  farm  and  removed  to  Western  Pennsylvania, 
not  far  from  Canonsburg  in  Washington  County.  It  was 
at  the  house  of  Colonel  Morgan  that  Colonel  Burr,  in  the 
summer  of  1806,  made  what  Parton  terms  a  "fatal  visit;" 
that  Burr  did  at  that  time  talk  freely  with  both  Colonel 
Morgan  and  his  family  and  with  that  indiscretion  which 
proved  fatal  to  his  schemes,  whatever  they  may  have  been, 
must  be  admitted.  After  his  departure,  Colonel  Morgan, 
thinking  that  there  was  danger  in  what  he  had  heard  from 
Burr,  narrated  the  conversation  to  the  judges  of  the  court 
then  sitting  in  the  neighborhood,  and  these  gentlemen 
wrote  a  joint  letter  to  the  President  giving  him  the  infor- 
mation and  advising  that  Burr's  future  movements  be 
watched.  According  to  Parton,  Jefferson  expressly  said 
that  this  letter  gave  him  the  first  intimation  of  Burr's 
designs. 


372     Interesting  Letters  of  George  Morgan  and  Aaron  Burr. 

The  following  letter  of  Colonel  Burr,  written  while  con- 
fined at  Eichmond  and  during  his  trial,  to  Colonel  Jonathan 
Rhea,  a  prominent  lawyer  and  Federal  politician  of  Tren- 
ton, New  Jersey,  is  of  great  interest,  and  it  will  be  noticed 
that  he  emphatically  denies  the  truth  of  the  statements 
made  by  Colonel  Morgan  : 

RICHMOND,  25  July  1807. 
DEAR  SIR 

It  is  with  the  utmost  reluctance  that  I  take  the  liberty  of 
troubling  you  on  my  personal  concerns ;  but  there  being 
no  one  in  your  part  of  the  State  sufficiently  well  informed 
and  with  whom  I  could  use  the  freedom,  I  venture  to  ask 
your  attention  to  the  matters  following. 

George  Morgan  late  of  Princeton;  his  sons  John  & 
Thomas,  the  latter  a  lad  of  18  or  19  have  been  swearing 
before  the  grand-jury  &  will  doubtless  swear  again  before 
the  Pettit  Jury  to  conversations  with  me  of  an  extraordi- 
nary nature ;  such  as  never  took  place  &  by  no  probability 
could  have  taken  place.  I  am  told  that  the  characters  o± 
George  &  John,  whilst  inhabitants  of  your  State,  were 
rather  light  &  to  say  the  least,  equivocal  in  point  of  credit. 
It  is  interesting  to  me  to  establish  this  fact — a  gentleman  at 
Princeton  to  whom  I  wrote  on  the  subject,  recommended 
to  rne  to  summon  as  witnesses  from  that  place  Daniel 
Agnew,  John  Hamilton  and  Win.  Hight  all  of  whom 
would  testify  to  the  bad  character  &  credit  of  George  & 
John ;  but  that  they  would  come  with  reluctance  &  would 
not  without  further  compensation  than  the  pay  allowed  by 
Law. 

It  is  to  be  wished  that  some  men  of  higher  grade  could 
be  had  to  the  same  purpose ;  but  better  any  reputable  man 
than  none — what  I  would  propose  is  that  you  should  pro- 
cure the  enclosed  subpoenas  to  be  served  on  such  persons  as 
you  may  know  or  suppose  to  be  willing  to  depose  to  these 
things. — If  A.  Reckless  should  know  their  general  char- 
acters, he  would  have  no  hesitation  to  declare  boldly  his 
belief  and  knowledge — I  submit  it  wholly  to  your  discre- 


Interesting  Letters  of  George  Morgan  and  Aaron  Burr.     373 

tion.     If  you  should  be  averse  to  meddle  with  it,  you  have 
only  to  throw  the  papers  into  the  fire. 

The  return  of  the  subpoena  or  day  of  appearance  may  be 
altered  so  as  to  leave  the  witnesses  a  reasonable  time.  The 
expense  will  be  repaid  by  the  return  of  some  of  the  gentle- 
men who  will  be  here  from  N.  York. 

With  great  respect 

Yrs 
A  BURR 

What  has  become  of  my  indictment  in  your  State  ?  Mr. 
Reckless  wrote  me  that  it  was  disposed  of;  but  I  should  be 
gratified  to  learn  how  &  whether  finally. 

It  is  singular  that  Burr  should  have  sought  to  break 
down  in  this  manner  the  testimony  of  Colonel  Morgan,  one 
with  whom  he  had  been  associated  during  the  Revolution, 
and  one  whose  hospitality  he  had  sought  and  shared,  and 
who,  as  Parton  admits,  had  "  conceived  for  Burr  a  very 
warm  friendship,  which  his  misfortunes  and  <  persecution' 
had  strengthened."  It  would  seem  as  if  he  had  doubted 
the  possibility  of  contradicting  the  testimony  of  Morgan 
and  his  sons  and  was  forced  to  resort  to  an  attack  upon 
their  character  and  credit.  Whether  any  effort  was  made 
by  Colonel  Rhea  to  secure  the  presence  of  these  witnesses 
at  the  trial  for  the  purpose  of  testifying  to  the  bad  character 
and  credit  of  Colonel  Morgan  and  his  son  John  is  not 
known,  but  I  think  it  doubtful,  as  no  further  trace  of  any 
letters  upon  this  subject  appears  among  his  correspondence. 
In  any  event  it  was  unnecessary,  as  Colonel  Burr  was  ac- 
quitted on  the  case  made  by  the  government.  It  is  highly 
improbable,  however,  that  any  reputable  witness  could  have 
been  secured  in  Princeton  to  testify  against  either  Colonel 
Morgan  or  his  son  Colonel  John  Morgan. 

The  query  in  the  postscript  to  Colonel  Burr's  letter  is 
interesting.  He  was  then  on  trial  at  Richmond  for  high 
treason ;  still,  he  was  not  unmindful  of  the  indictment  for 
murder  which  had  been  found  against  him  in  November, 


374T    Interesting  Letters  of  George  Morgan  and  Aaron  Burr. 

180.4,  by  the  Grand  Jury  of  Bergen  County,  New  Jersey, 
for  the  killing  of  Colonel  Hamilton,  and  he  desired  to  know 
what  had  become  of  it ;  and,  knowing  that  Colonel  Khea 
was  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Jersey,  he  added 
this  inquiry  to  the  letter.  This  indictment  had  not  then 
been  disposed  of,  and  was,  in  fact,  not  quashed  by  the 
Supreme  Court  until  the  November  Term,  1807,  when  it 
was  done  on  motion  of  Colonel  Aaron  Ogden. 


Marriages  by  Rev.  John  Conrad  Bucher,  1763-1769.     375 


RECOKD   OF    MARRIAGES  PERFORMED   BY  REY. 
JOHN   CONRAD   BUCHER,  1763-1769. 

CONTRIBUTED  BY  LUTHER  R.  KELKER. 

[The  Rev.  John  Conrad  Bucher  was  born  in  Switzerland,  June  10, 
1730.  In  1755  he  came  to  Pennsylvania  and  settled  near  Carlisle.  On 
February  26,  1760,  was  married  to  Mary  M.  Hoke,  and  shortly  after 
entered  the  Provincial  service  as  lieutenant  in  the  Second  Battalion 
Colonel  Hugh  Mercer ;  and  also  served  in  the  battalions  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Turbott  Francis  and  Asher  Clayton.  About  the  year  1762  he  en- 
tered the  ministry  of  the  German  Reformed  Church,  and  served  as  pastor 
of  various  congregations.  Early  in  1768  he  became  a  resident  of  Lebanon. 
On  August  15,  1780,  he  went  to  Annville  to  solemnize  a  marriage,  where 
he  died  suddenly.  The  original  records,  from  which  this  copy  is  made, 
are  in  the  possession  of  his  great-granddaughter  Mrs.  Eliza  Bucher 
Hummel,  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania.] 

"  Joyned  in  the  Holy  Bonds  of  Matrimony''  * 

1763. 

March  ye  2d    James  Findley  &  Jane  McQuisten 
May  ye  23d    John  Mold  &  Nancy  Dougherty 
Oct.  ye  21st    Lowrence  Crawford  &  Jane  Bethy 
Nov.  ye  1st    Andrew  Gillbreath  &  Cathrina  Smith  alias  Robinson 
ye  22d    Samuel  Brady  &  Jane  Simison 
ye  23d    John  Pirckins  &  Nancy  Dougherty 
ye  28th    James  Anderson  &  Elizabeth  Poeples 
ye  30th    James  Hamilton  &  Margreth  Cisney,  alias  Gallacher 
Dec.  ye  6th    Peter  Pearis  &  Rebecca  Ramage 

John  Dougherty  &  Ellse  McDonald 
Samuel  Leach  &  Mary  Fleming 

1764. 

Jany.  ye  3d  Jacob  Boursman  &  Eliz :  Streith 

17th  William  Beard  &  Mary  Lucas 

19th  Johanes  Hamuth  &  Anna  Margretha  Herzeller 

23d  William  Willson  &  Jane  McFall 

Febry.  ye  3d  William  Sanderson  &  Jane  Ervine 

20th  Johanes  Fuhr  &  Nancy  Murphy 

21st  Charles  Bonner  &  Ann  Gillpatrick 

27th  Andrew  Schneider  &  Isabel  Grayton 

1  Places  of  Marriage  not  stated  in  record. 


376     Marriages  by  Rev.  John  Conrad  Bucher,  1763-1769. 


May  ye 


Mar.  ye  15th 

19th 
27th 

Apr.  ye  2d 
16th 

Apr.  ye  19th 
23d 

May  ye  7th 
17th 
18th 
28 
30 

June  ye  12th 
25 

July  18 
25 
26 
31 

Aug.  ye  4th 
Sept.  ye  27 
Nov.  ye  30 
Dec.  ye  4th 

1st 
21 


John  DaVis  &  Jane  Kofine 
William  Walker  &  Marry  Herring 
William  Eobinson  &  Bethy  Eager 
Thomas  Taylor  &  Ester  Harley 
William  Kellsay  &  Agnes  Goudy 
Samuel  McCrue  &  Martha  McKnight 
Samuel  McClure  &  Elizabeth  English 
Isaak  Botterum  &  Margreth  Gallacher 
Samuel  Glen  &  Elizabeth  Morrow 
Abraham  Adams  &  Elizabeth  McCormick 
James  Kirkpatrick  &  McKellhenny 
John  Maghan  &  Marry  Morrow 
Jacob  Grojean  &  Mary  Magdalena  Kistler 
Thomas  Askey  &  Elizabeth  Baker 
Willm  Gallaghly  &  Hannah  Gardner 
Stephen  Delph  &  Prudence  McAlwain 
Joseph  Sample  &  Hannah  Wallace 
Willm  McCalethon  &  Jenny  Watson 
John  Wright  &  Susanah  Armstrong 
John  Rose  &  Hanah  French 
Charles  McKennis  &  Martha  Buttler 
Peter  Rolleter  &  Judith  Hickins 
Benjamin  Scitmore  &  Elizabeth  Harribel 
James  Forster  Carson  &  Sarah  Reyanth 
James  Royl  &  Mary  Willson 
John  Hutlass  &  Elizabeth  Frex 
John  York  &  Amy  Beyers 


1765- 

Jany.  ye  5  John  Philip  Ebers  &  Elizabeth  Taylor 

21  Robert  Gelilan  &  Jane  Galliforth 

Feby.  19  Grafener  Mash  &  Jane  Boyd 

25  James  Duff  &  Ester  McGill 

March  5  David  Dumbar  &  Frances  Steel 

John  Dumbar  &  Fanny  Dumbar 

March  14  David  McBride  &  Margreth  McFarlin 

18  Saml  Simpson  &  Eliz  :  Smith 

29  Willm  Collins  &  Margreth  Poeples 

Apr.  ye  1st  Andrew  Forster  &  Elizabeth  Guthrie 

4th  Willm  Grahams  &  Mary  Ann  Brandon 

May  ye  2d  James  Snotgrass  &  Jane  Brown 

May  ye  15th  Abraham  Jones  &  Mary  Beard 

17  James  Collhoon  &  Mary  Willson 


Marriages  by  Rev.  John  Conrad  Bueher,  1763-1769.     377 

June  ye  4th  John  Goblin  &  Pheby  Ong 

20  Willm  Little  &  Grezil  Means 

E.  D.  Christoph  Quigley  &  Mary  Crawford 

E.  D.  Francis  Ellis  &  Mary  Findley 

27th  Patrick  Jack  &  Martha  Findley 

July  4th  Joseph  McKenny  &  Eebecca  Latimore 

24  Even  Davis  &  Martha  Martin 

Augt  ye  8th  John  Davidson  &  Agnes  Grahams 

20  Andrew  Wait  &  Mary  James 

27  Samuel  Beyers  &  Agnes  Beyers 

28  James  Brakon  &  Mary  Dill 

E.  D  Georg  Smith  &  Eleonora  Grahams 

Sept.  ye  9th  Cookson  Long  &  Rebecca  McNight 

1 3th  Robert  Dickey  &  Agnes  Dickey 

Oct.  ye  14th  James  Clendenen  &  Isabel  Huston 

20th  Phillip  Krafft  &  Anna  Maria  Keller 

24  Johanes   Goldenberger  &  Dorothea  Lang,   Gebohren 

Grempelinan 

28  John  Rennels  &  Sarah  Carnoughan 

31st  James  Maxwell  &  Mary  Leighlin 

Novr.  ye  4th  Thomas  Donn  &  Jane  McEntekerd 

12th  Nicklas  Schneyder  &  Cathrina  Fischer 

14th  Moses  Kerk  &  Mary  Forster 

22d  Samuel  Chambers  &  Jane  Crean 

24th  Thomas  Simpson  &  Mary  Rose 

27th  Thomas  Hunter  &  Elizabeth  Beard 

Dec.  ye  9th  Richard  Long  &  Margreth  Cample 

24  Marcus  Hulin  &  Mercer  [Mercy]  Dougherty 

27  Thomas  Gerdy  &  Ann  Dotton 

28  Jearad  Pollock  &  Jennet  Galliford 
Dec.  ye  30  Henry  Dougherty  &  Sarah  Baskin 

1766. 

Jany.  ye  30th  John  Reed  &  Brotherintown 

Feby.  ye  7th  John  McDonald  &  Margreth  Mitchell 

13th  James  McCowan  &  Eliz  :  Leard 

18th  Edward  McDuel  &  Margret  Lormar 

24  Francis  Cample  &  Mary  Rees 

26  John  McElhathon  &  Mary  Little 

March  ye  18th  Dennis  Balf  &  Britchet  Brady 

20  William  Patrick  &  Margreth  Dorough 

Apr.  ye  1st  Henry  Schatto  &  Mary  Cath  :  Stahl 

30  Thomas  Adams  &  Jane  Shaw 

22d  James  Thompson  &  Ann  Hamilton 


37§     Marriages  by  Rev,  John  Conrad  Sucker,  1763-1769. 

May  ye  1st  Bichard-Morrow  &  Elizabeth  Willcock 

June  ye  6th  John  Beadle  &  Mary  Dutton 

E.  D.  Georg  Koller  &  A.  M.  0.  Busholtz 

24  John  Williams  &  Eleanor  Leard 
E.  D.  Peter  Dickey  &  Mary  Barckley 

July  ye  1st  Christoph  Laubengeyer  &  Elizabeth  Miller 

6  Andrew  Mehlhorn  &  Mar :  Eliz :  Breittingross 

29th  Willm  Wright  &  Mary  Smith 

30  Hugh  Sherang  &  Elizabeth  Armstrong 

Aug.  ye  9th  Fergus  Moorhead  &  Jane  White 

llth  Jacob  Schaz  &  Prudence  Williamson 

12th  Georg  Habacker  &  Margreth  Fresinger 

21  Stephen  Davis  &  Elenor  Morrison 

E   D.  Willm  Morrison  &  Mary  Carver 

26  James  Saye  &  Mary  Keed 

28  John  Kistler  &  An  :  Marg :  Strieker 
Sept.  ye  1  Jacob  Weiser  &  Jane  Mitchelltree 

18  John  Ulrich  Seyler  &  Elizabeth  Wolf 

30  Michael  Laplin  &  Ann  Dorothea  Eamberger 

Ilia  mortua  est,  March  ye  16th  1767 

Oct.  ye  5th  Samuel  Thompson  &  Mary  Nugent 

7th  Sain  White  &  Cathr :  Mitchell 

15  Josua  Ehoddo  &  Magdalena  Kistler 

25  William  Martin  &  Isabel  English 
Novr.  ye  3d  Georg  McCanighel  &  Beggy  Kennedy 

25th  William  Willson  &  Margreth  Scot 

Dec.  ye  1st  John  Brownfield  &  Elizabeth  Clark 

2d  William  Campbell  &  Hanah  Young 

15  John  Fiscus  &  Cathrina  Fans 

23  John  McWever  &  Margreth  Collins 

27  John  Burns  &  Elizabeth  McGill 

29  Samuel  Jack  &  Martha  Heran 

31  Johanes  Lanweyl  &  Maria  Kistner 


1767. 

Jany.  ye  2d  Absolom  Meret  &  Mary  Cathrina  Bubach 

13  John  Johnston  &  Eva  Betwy 

Febry  ye  3d  John  W>le  &  Eliz :  McCibbens 

10  Johan  Philip  Lauer  &  Mary  Cathrina  Goldstett 

23d  John  Davis  &  Isabell  Hill 

March  ye  16th  William  Gobbins  &  Esther  Eheins 

21  Willm  McMeen  &  Elizabeth  Sherang 

24  James  Eotch  &  Sarah  Forster 


.Marriages  by  Rev.  John  Conrad  Bucher,  1763-1769.     379 

March  ye  25th  Georg  Thoughly  &  Susanah  Spray 

E.  D.  James  Mappin  &  Sarah  Welsh 

28  David  Harkness  &  Ann  Armstrong 

Aprl  ye  8th  Lawrenz  Kelleyah  &  Martha  Smith 

20  Philip  Wegelin  &  Feronica  Kraift 

May  ye  6th  John  Rothrock  &  Dorothea  Gump 

8th  John  Hunter  &  Jane  Cuningham 

E.  D.  Robert  Donwan  &  Martha  Turner 

12  Andrew  McMaghan  &  Eleonora  Ray 

25  Robert  Chester  &  Eliz :  Patterson 

June  ye  4th  James  Turner  &  Elizabeth  Morgan 

9  Samuel  Adams  &  Margreth  Fleming 

23  John  Arbuckle  &  Rebecca  Ross 

July  ye  1st  Georg  Ezweyler  &  Mary  Shorah 

2d  William  Samuels  &  Sarah  Brown 

3d  Jacob  Seyler  &  Ferena  Sherp 

6th  Georg  Welsh  &  Agnes  Bethy 

8th  James  Morrison  &  Sarah  Hodge 

14th  David  Lewis  &  Eliz :  McGafty 

E.  D.  Isaak  Worral  &  Hanah  Calvert 

E.  D.  John  Moor  &  Eliz :  More 

E.  D.  Antony  Herbich  &  Nancy  Daviss 

28  Heinrich  Hein  &  Cathrina  Kinzler 

Aug.  ye  3d  Samuel  Gorman  &  Nancy  Kennedy 

6th  Ennis  Willson  &  Isabel  Roads 

E.  D.  Alexander  Brown  &  Deborah  Clark 

11  James  Ross  &  Jean  Steel 

25  John  Kearns  &  Sarah  Galliforth 
Sept.  ye  9th  Clemence  McGeary  &  Rachael  Smiley 

11  James  Stevenson  &  Elizabeth  Thompson 

22d  Sebastian  Grewass  &  Charlotta  Pfannekuch 

23d  Stephen  Hildebrand  &  Hanah  Beals 

30  Francis  Worley  &  Ruth  Collins 

Oct.  ye  6th  John  Marshall  &  Agness  Clockstone 

26  William  Herron  &  Agness  Brown 
Nov.  ye  5th  Alexander  McNett  &  Jenny  Piper 

18  William  Hunter  &  Mary  Donnelly 

24th  John  Beard  &  Mary  Erwin 

Dec.  ye  7th  Christian  Shally  &  Elizabeth  Wattman 

8th  Johanes  Meyer  &  Ana  Cathrina  Shaffer 

17th  Archibold  Hanah  &  Margreth  Brady 

21st  William  Forster  &  Cathrina  Lefever 

28  Johan  Georg  Koch  &  Maria  Elizabetha  Schiiz 

29  Jacob  Frosch  &  Cathrina  Koch 


Marriages  by  Eev.  John  Conrad  JBucher,  1763-1769. 

1768. 

Jany.  ye  13th  John  English  &  Jane  Chambers 

26  Thomas  Douglass  &  Elizabeth  Woods 

Feby.  ye  12th  John  Cochran  &  Jane  Fisher 

15  Charles  McCardy  &  Mary  Skipton 
Mch.  ye  22  Hugh  Hollan  &  Susannah  Keed 

E.  D.  John  McCall  &  Jane  Eobinson 

Apr.  ye  6th  William  Dorward  &  Mary  Burns 

7th  James  Newlon  &  Cathrina  Bennett 

16  Jacob  Jordy  &  Ann  Kingrich 
May  ye  17  Thomas  Pumery  &  Mary  Grahams 

24  Jacob  Bender  &  Magd :  Stauffer 

E.  D.  Joh  :  Nicklas  Meas  &  Sussanah  Laubsher 

26  Franz  Geib  &  Eliz :  Schneider 

27  Adam  Keener  &  Christina  Hoch 

31  Abraham  Abbrecht  De  Kocke  &  Elizabeth  Graff 

June  ye  1st  Alexander  Setting  &  Mary  Forster 

13  Paul  Cohan  &  Ann  Gardner 

20  Durst  Thomah  &  Regina  Spicker 

21  Philip  Graber  &  An  :  Cathr :  Ebrecht 
E.  D.  Joh :  Hemmig  &  Eliz :  Thomah 

22d  Nichlas  Liverich  &  Cathr :  Meyer 

28th  Jacob  Strieker  &  Dorothea  Saur 

E.  D.  Franz  Elias  Daniel  Ehinguer  &  Mary  Magd :  Cossey 

29  Nichlas  Cassel  &  Rosina  Rambach 
E.  D.  John  Morrison  &  Mary  Devire 

July  ye  15  William  McGee  &  Sarah  Logan 

25  John  Albrecht  &  Marg :  Barbara  Stoffelman 

26  Robert  Armstrong  &  Isabel  Forster 
E.  D.  Charles  Stuarth  &  Eliz :  Hunter 
E.  D.  Samuel  Meek  &  Cathr :  Parkison 

Augt.  ye  6th  Balthazer  Fuclis  &  Dorothea  Miller 

8th  John  Benrad  &  Saly  Davidson 

11  Hugh  McCardle  &  Elizabeth  Murray 

18  William  McConnal  &  Rose  Kennedy 

30  Peter  Blaser  &  Cathrina  Newer 
Sept.  ye  13  Robert  Pickin  &  Alice  Gordon 

E.  D.  John  McAdams  &  Mary  Ann  Fisher 

15  Elija  Newland  &  Ann  McGrew 

26  Georg  Lauman  &  Ester  Kiinig 

E.  D.  Edward  Lee  &  Elizabeth  Money 

28  John  McCord  &  Nancy  Sillick 
Oct.  ye  3d  Andrew  Fleming  &  Ann  Britewell 

13  James  McCean  &  Sarah  Pierson 

E.  D.  Hugh  Colhoon  &  Ann  Proctor 


Marriages  by  Rev.  John  Conrad  Sucker,  1768-1769.     381 

Oct.  ye  18th  Fridrich  Kauffman  &  Barbara  Geitlinger 

19  Alexander  McGrue  &  Mary  Blackburne 

21  James  Curry  &  Else  Abbet 

25  Georg  Schank  &  Sussanah  Meister 

29  James  Driskel  &  Jane  Pierson 

31  Joseph  Reed  &  Mary  Hoil 

Nov.  ye  19  John  Woodfine  &  Christy  Hargus 

25  John  McKinley  &  Sarah  Robertson 

Dec.  ye  16th  Thomas  Dillon  &  Margreth  McCrackon 

E.  D.  Jacob  Sweizer  &  Rahel  Schadow 

20  William  Boggs  &  Eliz  :  Quirey 
29  Georg  Sweizer  &  Eleonora  Ward 

31  William  Poeples  &  Elizabeth  Finley 

E.  D.  William  Brownfields  &  Margreth  Breyens 

1769. 

Jany.  ye  2.  Andrew  Walker  &  Mary  Grahams 

E.  D.  James  Thompson  &  Elizabeth  Beyers 

E.  D.  Nicklas  Obreyan  &  Susanah  McCutcheon 

E.  D.  Hugh  Logg  &  Nancy  McCully 

ye  9th  Charles  Mair  &  Polly  Hillman 

E.  D.  Nathaniel  Miller  &  Margreth  Cuningham 

Feby  ye  7.  Philip  Eckle  &  Cathr :  Becker 

22d  Johanes  Lauman  &  Magdalena  Zindmeyer 

28th  James  McEllway  &  Nancy  Lean 

March  ye  5th  Jacob  Trewer  &  Susanah  Shnebel 

E.  D.  Christoph  Bouman  &  An :  Cathrina  Baunian 

8th  Martin  Billmeyer  &  Cathrina  Thomas 

March  ye  9th  John  McClellan  &  Margery  Rippy 

E.  D.  Alexander  Mitchell  &  Jenny  Moorhead 

20  Joh  :  Jacob  Zufall.  V.  D.  M.  &  Ferronika  Brunner 

22  Abrah  :  Korey  &  Jane  Nees 
27  Philip  Schock  &  Eliz  :  Sanger 

Aprl.  ye  2  Heinrich  Kuntz  &  Dorothea  Pragunier 

E.  D.  Jacob  Cook  &  Eliz :  Small 

3d  Christian  Nesler  &  Sybilla  Lincking 

4th  Peter  Schlosser  &  Sussanah  Regnas 

5  Adam  Umberger  &  Mary  Gertrauth  Wernan 

6th  Peter  Schuck  &  Maria  Margreth  Ruth 

E.  D.  Georg  Danzer  &  Cathrina  Simon 

E.  D.  James  Crutchlow  &  Jane  Andrew 

14  Wm  Miller  &  Charity  Calvert 

18th  Martin  Bohler  &  An  :  Eliz  :  Dieffenderfer 

E.  D.  Melchior  Fortune  &  Margreth  Meyer 

25th  Charles  Finley  &  Hester  Hodge 


i 
382  Lithographic  Portraits  of  Albert  Newsam. 


LITHOGRAPHIC    POETEAITS    OF  ALBERT   NEWSAM. 

BY   D.    MCN.    STAUFFER. 

(Addenda  to  Vol.  XXV.  page  113.) 

This  supplementary  list  of  lithographic  work  by  Albert  Newsam  is 
made  up  from  such  plates  as  have  been  found  by  the  compiler  since  the 
publication  of  the  fuller  list  and  from  notes  sent  in  by  others.  In  the 
latter  case  the  descriptions  are  often  incomplete,  but  the  names  are 
included  in  their  proper  order  for  the  information  of  those  interested. 

ALEXANDER  DALLAS  BACHE. 

Bust,  face  £  to  right.     Inscription — On  stone  by  A.  New- 
sam  |  P.  S.Duval,Lith.,Phira.  |  Alex.  Dallas  Bache  (auto.). 
|  Size  5  x  4.7  ins. 

WILLIAM  BALDWIN. 

Undescribed  as  to  figure  and  size.  Inscription — C.  W. 
Peale,  Pinx't.  |  On  stone  by  A.  Newsam.  |  P.  S.  Duval's 
lith.,  Phila.  |  Ever  yours  |  W.  Baldwin  (auto.).  |  From 
Selection  from  Correspondence  of  the  late  William  Bald- 
win, M.D.,  Surgeon  in  the  U.  S.  Navy.  Compiled  by 
William  Darlington,  M.D.,  Phila.,  1843. 

GEORGE  W.  BEHN. 

The  portrait  of  Captain  George  Washington  Behn,  in  the 
U.  S.  Military  Magazine,  Vol.  L,  is  drawn  on  stone  by  A. 
Newsam. 

ANNA  BISHOP. 

Portrait  on  sheet  music — "  On  the  Banks  of  the  Guadal- 
quiver."  Drawn  on  stone  by  A.  Newsam. 

THE  BOLD  BRIGAND. 

Man  in  brigand  dress  among  rocks,  firing  a  pistol ;  other 
brigands  in  background.     Title  to  sheet  music.     Inscrip- 
tion— On  stone  by  A.  Newsam.  |  P.  S.  Duval,  Lith.,  Phila. 
|  The  Bold  Brigand  |  etc.     Size  9.6  x  7.4  ins. 


Lithographic  Portraits  of  Albert  Newsam.  383 

HENRY  CLAY. 

Kectaogular,  half-length,  face  front.    Inscription — Painted 
by  Wood  and  drawn  on  stone  by  A.  Newsam  |  Lith'd  by  C. 
GL  Childs,  Philad'a.  |  Published  by  D.  Mallery,  146  Broad- 
way,   New    York.  |  Copyright    secured.  |  Henry    Clay.  | 
Size  9.4  x  7.3  ins. 

NICHOLAS  COLLIN. 

Undescribed  as  to  figure  and  size.    Inscription — On  stone 
by  A.  Newsam.     From  a  drawing  by  Eev.  H.  G.  Morton  | 
Lehman  &  Duval,  Liths.,  Phila.  | 

JOHN  COLLINS. 

Rectangular,  £  length,  seated,  face  front;  hat  on  head, 
gloves  in  right  hand,  cane  in  left.  Inscription — On  stone 
by  A.  Newsam  from  a  Daguerreotype  by  M.  A.  Root  |  P. 
S.  Duval,  Lith.,  Phil'a  |  J.  Collins  (auto)  |  John  Collins, 
Esq'e,  |  Irish  Comedian  &  Vocalist  |  Size  7  x  5.10  ins. 

ESH-TAH-HlJM-LEAH. 

Half-length,  face  }  to  left.  Inscription — Painted  by  C. 
B.  King  |  Newsam  |  Lehman  &  Duval,  Lith's.  |  Philadel- 
phia, Published  by  E.  C.  Biddle  |  (Copyright  18§6)  |  Esh- 
Tah-Hum-Leah  |  or  the  Sleepy  Eye.  |  A  Sioux  Chief  |  Size 
12.2  x  8.13  ins. 

A.  C.  DODGE. 

Full  bust,  face  almost  front.  Inscription — On  stone  by 
A.  Newsam  from  a  Dag't  |  P.  S.  Duval  &  Co.  Steam  lith. 
press  Phila.  |  Your  friend  |  A.  C.  Dodge  (auto.)  |  A.  C. 
Dodge  |  U.  S.  Senator  from  Iowa.  Size  9.7  x  7.10  ins. 

FIRST  TROOP,  MONTGOMERY  COUNTY,  PENNSYLVANIA. 
Figures  representing  the  uniforms  of  this  troop  and  pub- 
lished in  the  U.  S.  Military  Magazine,  Vol.  I,  and  litho- 
graphed by  A.  Newsam. 


384  Lithographic  Portraits  of  Albert  Newsam. 

*  PETER  FRITZ. 

Full  length  in  uniform,  seated,  arm  on  table  ;  in  middle 
a  soldier  standing  at  rest;  to  left  an  officer  holding  the  flag 
of  the  National  Greys,  of  Philadelphia.  On  a  certificate  of 
Membership  in  the  National  Greys,  filled  out  in  1835.  In- 
scription —  From  life  on  stone  by  A.  Newsam  |  P.  S.  Duval, 
Lith.  Phila.  Huddy  &  Duval,  Publishers  |  Size  -  . 

HENRY  HERTZ. 

Half-length,  £  to  right.     Inscription  —  A.  Newsam  |  P.  S. 
Duval's    Lith.    Philad'a  |  Souvenir  |  de  |  Henry    Hertz.  | 
Probably  from  a  title  to  sheet  music.     Size  5.3  x  4.8  ins. 

JENNY  LIND. 

Three-quarter  length,  face  front.  On  sheet  music.  In- 
scription —  On  stone  by  A.  Newsam.  |  P.  S.  Duval,  Lith. 
Phil'a.  |  Title  cut  oif.  Size  10.8  x  8.14  ins. 

N.  M.  LUDLOW. 

Full  bust,  face  f  to  right.  Inscription  —  On  stone  by  A. 
Newsam  |  Lehman  &  Duval,  Lith.  Philad'a.  |  N.  M.  Ludlow 
(auto)  |  Comedian  &  Manager  of  the  Mobile  and  St.  Louis 
Theatre.  Size  4.5  x  3.12  ins. 


Half-length,  face  f  to  left,  leaning  on  tomahawk  under 
chin.     Inscription  —  On  stone  by  A.  Newsam  |  Painted  by 
C.  B.  King  |  Lehman  &  Duval  Lithr.  |  (Copyright  1837)  | 
Young    Ma-Has-Kah  |  Chief   of  the    loways  |  Size    10    x 
8.2  ins. 

MARGARET  MORRIS  —  COLLINS. 

Full  bust,  with  broad  collar  and  large  comb,  face  f  to 
left.     Inscription  —  On  stone  by  A.  Newsam  from  Original 
Painting.  |  Margaret  Morris,  Wife  of  Isaac  Collins,  Jr.  | 
(From  a  reproduction.) 


Lithographic  Portraits  of  Albert  Newsam.  385 

NE-SOU-AQUOIT. 

Half-length,  face  front,  right  hand  on  top  of  staff,  medal 
of  Andrew  Jackson  at  neck.     Inscription — On  stone  by  A. 
Newsam  |  Painted  by  C.  B.  King  |  Lehman  &  Duval  Lithr 
|  (Copyright  1837)  |  Ne-Sou-Aquoit  |  a  Fox  Chief  |  Phila- 
delphia, Published  by  E.  C.  Biddle.  |  Size  14.4  x  11.13  ins. 

JOHN  NEAGLE. 

Undescribed  as  to  figure  and  size.  Inscription — Sully 
pinx.  |  Childs  direxit  |  ascribed  to  A.  Newsam. 

HENRY  A.  MUHLENBERG. 

Half-length,  face  f  to  left.  Inscription — On  stone  by  A. 
Newsam  |  Schoener  Pinx't  |  P.  S.  Duval,  lith.  PmTa  |  Hon. 
Henry  A.  Muhlenberg  |  Minister  to  Austria.  |  Size  5.14  x 
5.14  ins. 

WILLIAM  F.  PACKER. 

Half-length,  face  f   to  left.     Inscription — A.   Newsam, 
from  an   Ambrotype   by  Walter  Denmore,   Phil.  |  P.    S. 
Duval  &  Sons  Lith.  Press,  Phil.  |  Wm.  F.  Packer  (auto)  | 
Gen.  William  F.  Packer  |  Democratic  Candidate  for  Gov- 
ernor of  Pennsylvania  |  1857  |  Size  9.8  x  8.8  ins. 

B.  FRANK  PALMER. 

Bust,  face  front.  Inscription — On  stone  by  A.  Newsam 
from  a  dag.  by  Root  |  P.  S.  Duval  &  Co.  st'm  lith.  press, 
Phila.  |  B.  Frank  Palmer.  |  Size . 

Po-CA-HAN-TAS. 

Three-quarter  length,  face  to  left,  holding  tobacco,  etc.,  in 
right  hand.     Inscription— On  stone  by  A.  Newsam  |  P.  S. 
Duval,   lith.   Phila.  |  Po-ca-han-tas  |  The   original   portrait 
painted  in  London  in  1616 — was  copied  by  Sully  in  1830. 
From  that  copy  |  this  likeness  was  engraved.     For  detailed 
evidence  of  authenticity  see  McKenney  &  Hall's  Work  | 
on  the  North  American  Indians  |  (Rice  &  Clark's  edition, 
Phila.)     From    T.  L.  McKenney's  Memoirs,  New  York, 
1846.     Size  5.4  x  4.5  ins. 
VOL.  xxvi. — 25 


I 

386  Lithographic  Portraits  of  Albert  Newsam. 

&EDOWA  WALTZ. 

Man  and  woman  in  Bohemian  dress  dancing.     Title  to 

sheet  music.     Inscription — On  stone  by  A.  Newsam  |  P.  S. 

Duval,  Lith.  Phila.  |  Philadelphia,  A.  Fiot,  No.  196  Ches- 

nut  Street,  etc.  |  Redowa  Waltz  |  A  new  |  Bohemian  Waltz 

|  etc.     Size  7.8  x  6  ins. 

READING  ARTILLERISTS. 

Vol.  I.  of  the  U.  S.  Military  Magazine  contains  an  illus- 
tration showing  the  uniform  of  the  Reading  Artillerists, 
drawn  on  stone  by  A.  Newsam. 

JOHN  SCHWARTZ. 

Full  bust,  face  £  to  left.  Inscription — On  stone  by  A. 
Newsam,  Photo'd  by  C.  L.  Phillippi,  Reading,  P'a.  |  P.  S. 
Duval  &  Sons  Lith.  Phil'a.  |  Major  John  Schwartz  |  The 
Democratic  Candidate  for  Congress  in  Berks  |  An  Officer 
of  the  War  of  1812  |  Commissioned  by  |  Gov.  Simon 
Snyder.  |  Size  11  x  7  ins. 

TAH-CHEE. 

Half-length,  face  £  to  left,  with  turban  and  feathers,  knife 
in  belt.  Inscription — A.  Newsam  |  Philadelphia,  Published 
by  E.  C.  Biddle  |  (copyright  1837)  |  Tah-Chee  |  a  Chero- 
kee Chief  |  Size  12.7  x  11  ins. 

U.  S.  FRIGATE  CONSTITUTION. 

In  Vol.  I.  U.  S.  Military  Magazine  is  a  lithograph  by  A. 
Newsam  of  the  U.  S.  Frigate  Constitution. 


Washington's  Plan  for  the  Attack  at  Germantown.     387 


WASHINGTON'S  PLAN    FOB    THE    ATTACK  AT  GEB- 

MANTOWN. 

BY   C.  H.  LINCOLN,  OP   THE   LIBRARY   OF   CONGRESS. 

The  troops  to  be  ready  to  march  this  evening  at  six 
oclock — 

The  divisions  of  Sullivan  &  Wayne  to  form  the  right 
wing  and  attack  the  enemy's  left;  they  are  to  march  down 
Monatany  road — The  divisions  of  Green  &  Stephen  to  form 
the  left  wing  and  attack  the  enemy's  right;  they  are  to 
march  down  the  Skippack  road.  General  Conway  to 
march  in  front  of  the  troops  that  compose  the  right  wing, 
and  file  off  to  attack  the  enemy's  left  flank.  General  Mc- 
Dougall  to  march  in  front  of  the  troops  that  compose  the 
left  wing  and  file  off  to  attack  the  enemy's  right  flank — 

General  Nash  &  General  Maxwell's  brigade  form  the 
corps  de  reserve  and  to  be  commanded  by  Major  General 
Lord  Stirling.  The  Corps  De  reserve  to  pass  down  the 
Skippack  road. 

General  Armstrong  to  pass  down  the  ridge  road  pass  by 
Leverings  tavern  &  take  guides  to  cross  the  Wissahiecon 
creek  up  the  head  of  John  Yandeering's  mill-dam  so  as  to 
fall  above  Joseph  Warners  new  house. 

Smallwood  and  Forman  to  pass  down  the  road  by  a  mill 
formerly  Dan1  Morris'  &  Jacob  Edges  mill  into  the  White 
marsh  road  at  the  Sandy  run:  thence  to  white  marsh 
church,  where  take  the  left  hand  road,  which  leads  to  Jen- 
kin's  tavern  on  the  old  york  road,  below  Armitages,  beyond 
the  seven  mile  stone  half  a  mile  from  which  turns  off  short 
to  the  right  hand,  fenced  on  both  sides,  which  leads  through 
the  enemy's  incampment  to  Germantown  market  house. 

General  McDougall  to  attack  the  right  of  the  enemy  in 
flank.  General  Smallwood  &  forman  to  attack  the  right 
wing  in  flank  &  rear. — General  Conway  to  attack  the 


' 
388      Washington's  Plan  for  the  Attack  at  Germantown. 

enemy's  left  flank  &  &eneral  Armstrong  to  attack  their  left 
wing  in  flank  and  rear. 

The  militia,  who  are  to  act  on  the  flanks  not  to  have 
cannon. 

Packs  &  blankets  to  be  left,  the  men  are  to  carry  their 
provisions  in  their  Haversacks,  or  any  other  manner  least 
inconvenient. 

All  the  pioneers  of  each  division  who  are  fit  to  march 
are  to  move  in  front  of  their  respective  divisions,  with  all 
the  axes  they  can  muster — 

Pickets  on  the  left  of  Vanderin's  mill  to  be  taken  off  by 
Armstrong :  one  at  Allen's  house  on  Mount  Airey  by  Sulli- 
van— One  at  Lucans  Mill  by  Greene — 

Each  Column  to  make  their  disposition  so  as  to  attack 
the  pickets  in  their  respective  routs,  precisely  at  five  oclock 
with  charged  bayonets  and  without  firing,  and  the  columns 
to  move  on  the  attack  as  soon  as  possible. 

The  Columns  to  endeavour  to  get  within  two  miles  of  the 
enemy's  pickets  on  their  respective  routs  by  two  oclock  and 
there  halt  'till  four  and  make  the  disposition  for  attacking 
the  pickets  at  the  time  above  mentioned. 

The  Columns  of  Cont :  troops  &  militia  to  communicate 
with  each  other  from  time  to  time  by  light  horse. 

Proper  flanking  parties  to  be  kept  out  from  each  column. 

Endorsed  by  Washington :  "  Order  of  March 

and  Battle 
German  Town 
4th  Octr  1777." 


Letter  of  Benjamin  Franklin  to  David  Hall,  1765.     389 


LETTER  OF  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN  TO  DAVID  HALL, 

1765. 

(CONARROE     COLLECTION,    HISTORICAL     SOCIETY   OF    PENNSYLVANIA.) 

LONDON,  Aug*.  9.  1765 
DEAR  MK  HALL 

I  received  yours  of  June  20.  &  22.  I  have  wrote  my 
Mind  fully  to  you  in  former  Letters  relating  to  the  Stamp 
Act,  so  that  I  have  but  little  to  add,  except  what  you  desire 
to  know  about  the  2  /  one  Advertisements.  It  is  undoubt- 
edly to  be  paid  every  Time  the  Advertisement  is  inserted. 
As  to  the  Paper  sent  over,  I  did  it  for  the  best,  having  at 
that  time  Expectations  given  me  that  we  might  have  had  it 
stampt  there,  in  which  case  you  would  have  had  great 
Advantage  of  the  other  Printers,  since  if  they  were  not 
provided  with  such  Paper,  they  must  have  either  printed 
but  a  half  sheet  common  Demi,  or  paid  for  two  Stamps  on 
each  sheet.  The  Plan  was  afterwards  alter'd  notwithstand- 
ing all  I  could  do,  it  being  alledged  that  Scotland  &  every 
Colony  would  expect  the  same  Indulgence  if  it  was  granted 
to  us.  The  Paper  must  now  be  sent  back  again.  But  I 
hope  you  will  excuse  what  I  did  in  Good  Will,  tho'  it  hap- 
pen'd  Wrong. — The  Molds  I  still  think  you  should  have,  as 
you  see  that  Paper  from  hence  is  much  dearer  than  we  can 
make  it,  with  all  the  Charge  of  Carriage,  but  that  I  hope  to 
get  oft. 

I  would  not  have  you  by  any  means  drop  the  Newspaper, 
as  I  am  sure  it  will  soon  recover  any  present  Loss,  and  may 
be  carried  on  to  advantage  if  you  steadily  proceed  as  I  pro- 
pos'd  in  former  Letters.  I  am, 

Yours  affectionately 

B  FRANKLIN. 


390     Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


S 


oS 

A 

rcu 

1 

^5 

i 

1 

fl 

3 

s 

"S 

.2 

s 

A 

i 

0 

& 
""& 

& 

a 
-g 

1-5 

<% 
a 
•"""1 

of  Manchester, 

eal  Napleton 
of  Barbadoes 

ench  Francis 

1 

J 

""3    o 
dl 

•S-0 

£> 

1 

-s 

1 

03 

8 

H 

1-9 

1-5 

.2 

,4 

OH 


£ 


1  .1 

aij" 

d 


.2 
pd 

&• 


i. 

fl   ^3 


-3    ,_      p 

3   I*B 


fl       ^H 

H£ 


bi* 


ird 

fls 

pQ   -^ri 


o  M 


1= 
II 


both  of 
John  Murr 
Samuel  Mo 


S 
^3 

^ 
'o 

-1 

o  :3 

^-g 


Ta 


mes 
all  of 


«  & 

£ 


•a 


II 


OQ 
&* 

i 


?S        *G 


Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775.     391 


I   I 


§ 

£ 


8 


3      §     .5 

I*  fit 

o    I    ®    I  "S 

a  £  2  £  ~ 

&    El 


I 


^       f    I  ( 
§||^i||l^| 

a  ^^,2  a  £  cS  ^j  a  £ 

H    1-5    ^  H?  ^  ^ 


o         I 

s  »  a 


W 


-a 


a  i 


•§> 


w 


^^ 

IH     Tj< 


S  3 


H-} 

•+A 

"&0 


1 

&    I 
§    a 

P        t^ 

I      2 

Ul         CC 


p 

- 


! 


392     Sfcijp  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


5                  A      o 

4S 

«r               -s    $                  -g 

i        111! 

1   i    L^!U      1      1    i 

fi           S^^«l?'£'°:5a!n=>:3MJ2£              S 

i                5 

CL                 •rnHd^'H^Mi-Qyca^Sd^           '"""' 
-SSl^^o.o^l^^l^         g 

fe             OOH-s         PH         P3  ^  ^         0  ^              ^ 

of  Appoquinimink 
John  Kelso 

of  Philadelphia 

John  Raymond,  Esqr 
of  London 

Thomas  Dea 
Cornelius  Coppinger 

S 
f  § 

*  -8 
3  2 

1.1 
i? 

O 

H 

O              » 

•s 

0) 

P,            J 

o 

•8 

W      s    S5 

rT^                                    QJ 

n                        S* 

1 

S^Q                          ^ 

C*j           H      Hn                                              L^ 

3                  H                  " 

1      o                                    ? 

'                   1 

| 

«             -o 

3                   1                  1 

g     ^          ^ 

;          ^          g 

H 

a 

s 

w 

s 

H 

H 

8-3                                  •§                                      ® 

73 

W       Jg                                     S                                        "?                    rt 

a  1  1            ^ 

3                 &               1 

a 
,a 

^                                       c 

ft     s            ^ 

I 

0 

W            fe                          "i 

yo                   &.                   &1 

- 

QD            a                           *i 

3                   3                     o 

i                OQ                ^ 

*C 

^ 

05                              0 
T-l                                  r—  1 

i—  i 
i—  i 

8t 

9               S3 

g> 

^               <j 

•<j 

Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775.     393 


'c  «  «  -S 
llll 


ar 
fl 


|»lai 

•?    £-8 


1 

- 


394     Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1786-1775. 


w    1  2  I  1  « 

§    I  I  El 


Si  I 

e  -§  is  3  ^ 

ail  1  I  i 

PH            Jz  W  W  5 

^  HA  PH 

W  "bO  *t>0  A 

®          §  H  -ff  3 


O  OS  O  CO 

r-t  rH  C^ 


w 


Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1786-1775.     395 


I     J 

I 

8  &»      * 

Id 

S  a       g 

51  a 


*i*f I** 

-  "  a  6  5  s. 


g> 

*-S 


TS  .2 
I  ? 

OQ    Hj 


I 


S  g 
•sS 


.S 

.3       .2  ^ 

^      ^^        g  -§ 

^         ^    ®    S  ^3  ^ 

iiiiisi 

•^    Q    ^  a>     S    «*i 

CU       r^       O    I         03         O         ^         O 

««H    "^    <«    _§    'b   ^    S 
O     VOW     5   JM    13 

3        £6£ 


.5 
3 

— 


1 


1    1 


lit 
ffl.1 


«'fi 


bO 

•! 


1 


£ 


III 

f:  ^^  ft 


•a 

w 


> 
4 


QQ 


S 


396     Ship  Registers  far  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


g 


I 

3 

CM 


Samuel  Howell 
of  Philadelphia 
Lyon  Alexr  Houston  &  Co. 
William  Hyndman 
all  of  Glasgow,  Nort; 
Britain 

Joburn  John  Mifflin 
of  Philadelphia 
Shield  Samuel  Purviance 
of  Philadelphia 
Alexr  Shur-  John  Scott 
John  McMichael 

fe 


II 


II 

.§•(53 


•a 
I 

43 
"bo 


w 

-u 

I 


Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775.     397 


* 


3 

i 


£3 

al 

^ 


w 

r 

OQ 


GQ 

a. 


I 


I 


398     Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


cs 

I 


PR 


QQ     ^_.          »» 

*s| 

a  J  ^ 


I  14 


£<sS 
S3  d~ 

^  OQ  <d 
H 


3T3 


I   s   I   1 

"M  PH  M  ft          ^ 

Od^  O^lj^S 

O    ^     B.'S     O    KH      ^^    ^    W 

I ^^11 k^l  II 

ooi^^  °1£'r5_rt.2 

PH^    ^pnPtH^i    ^f^^^ 

8tS|toJto8'Sg| 

O        O        O        O        H^  O 


rge  Thompson 
ph  Eeynolds 
mas  Kobinson 
l  of  Phil 


3 

1      *  £ 

PH         U     o 
d 
PL,  ^ 

3        S, 
*        1 


Ship  Megisters  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775.     399 


I 


i 


t 


1 


o 

g     OQ 


O    O   O    O    O    O 

:::::: 

OOOOOO 


«rtcococococococoH 


OS    CO    OO    Tj< 


I 


I 

!>. 

CM 

i 

s 


oooooooo 
oooooooo 


^ 


®  12 

2     I       I 
si  rt  ll     I 

SSJJn* 

^Ill^lill 

ifiiriiiiiiia 


w 


•s 


|l        lis-l  ^| 

jllllllltllllll 

Hi  HH  M  O   •  M      v'n  ^  hn    ^  n. 


PH  ft  ft  PH  §D  ft  £ 

2  a  a  a  s  : 


llf-f 


00 


f 

400 


Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1786-1775. 


'3 


_5  o*  S 


A  *  "^  s>  o  £  *  >a 

^  ^         d         dr^dl^'sd 
r    O  r-3    C  BWHs-Nflo 

^^'gs^^^o^ga 
s  ss  &  *l  1  S  .3  .i  S  5  b 

^g^!^W^|l^M« 

ftO     ftftftftbD§)oftft 

Ido^d^d^dS'S'Sn^S^d^d 
OJOQccaQaQccWPQaQaQaQ 


bJO 

II 

t>o  bo 

IS 


I  8 
8  J 

ll 

o . 

o    bo 

£  *C 

OQ   PQ 


ftftftftjO,ftftftftft 


Notes  and  Queries.  401 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 
note*. 

RETURN  OF  THE  OFFICERS  OF  SEVEN  COMPANIES,  FOURTH  BAT- 
TALION LANCASTER  COUNTY  ASSOCIATORS,  COLONEL  JAMES  BURD 
MARCH  13,  1776.— 

We  the  Subscribers  Officers  of  the  Fourth  Battalion  of  Lancaster 
County  do  Certify  that  the  Following  Gentlemen  agreeable  to  their 
Banks  are  voted  by  a  Majority  of  every  individual  Private  of  the  Bat- 
talion as  officers  of  the  said  Battalion  and  Bequest  the  Commissioners 
may  Issue  accordingly.  As  Witness  our  hands  this  13th.  March  1776. 

James  Burd,  Col., 
Thomas  Murray,  Lieut  Col., 
Cornelius  Cox,  1st  Major, 
Frederick  Hummel,  2d  Major. 

!•*  James  Croutch,  Captn.,  5th  John  Beed,  Capt., 

William  Mackey,  1st  Lieut.,  James  Clark,  lgt  Lieut., 

Frederick  Hubley,  2d  Lieut.,  George  Clark,  2d  Lieut., 

Simon  Snyder,  Ensign.  Samuel  Oram,  Ensign. 

2d  James  Cowden,  Capt.,  6th  James  Murray,  Capt., 

John  Gilcrest,  1st  Lieut.,  Peter  Sturgeon,  1st  Lieut, 

William  Cochrane,  2d  Lieut.,  John  Simpson,  2d  Lieut., 

Thomas  McArthur  Jr.,  Ensign.       John  Byan,  Ensign. 

3d   Joseph  Sheerer,  Capt.,  7th  Jacob  Fridley,  Capt., 

James  Collier  Jr.,  1st  Lieut.,  John  McFarland,  1st  Lieut., 

Samuel  Butherford,  2d  Lieut.,  Mathias  Howver,  2d  Lieut., 

Samuel  Hutcheson,  Ensign.  Philip  Blesing,  Ensign. 

4th  Bichard  Manning,  Capt., 
Thomas  Foster,  1st  Lieut., 
Samuel  Martin,  2d  Lieut., 
Elijah  Buck,  Ensign. 

There  is  two  Companys  more  who  have  altered  their  officers  on  acco* 
of  Besignations  ;  when  the  Beturns  are  given  in  they  shall  be  Punctually 
Transmitted. 

Signed  at  the  Bequest  of  the  Board  of  Officers,  the  original  Bemain- 
ing  in  my  hands 

JAMES  BURD, 
Col.  4th  Batt.  Lan.  County. 

TINIAN,  12*  June  1776 

o'n  the  other  side  is  a  Beturn  of  the  officers  of  my  Battalion  which  I 
am  Bequested  to  Transmit  to  our  County  Committee  &  to  Bequest  of 

VOL.  XXVI. — 26 


402 


Notes  and  Queries. 


them  that  they  will  be  pleased  to  procure  the  Commissions  to  the  Offi- 
cers as  soon  as  they  Conveniently  can  of  the  7  Companys,  the  Return 
of  the  other  2  Companys  will  be  sent  as  soon  as  possible  in  order  that 
they  may  also  have  their  Commissions.  In  the  meantime  I  am  with 
much  Respect 

Gentm 
Your  most  Humble  Serv* 

JAMES  BURD 

JASPER  YEATES,  Esqr  Chairman,  Col.  4th  Batt. 

&  the  other  Members  of   the 
Committee  of  Lancaster  County. 

RETURN  OF  THE  NON  COMMISSIONED  OFFICERS  AND  PRIVATES 
OF  THE  STATE  OF  PENNSYLVANIA,  now  actually  serving  in  the 
Southern  Army  ;  specifying  the  Number  whose  time  of  enlestment  will 
expire  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  March  1782  and  between  the  first 
of  March  and  the  last  of  November  in  the  same  year. 


Total  Number  in  Service 

South  Carolina 

I 

S 

1 

I 

.S 

1 

i 

S 

CQ 

g 

OS 

°G 

Camp  at  Pon-Pon  31  Jany  1782 

B 

» 

| 

o 

S 

1 

M 

i 

d 

« 

§ 

i 

fi 

a 

3 

3 

3 

2 

78 

40 

1020 

N.  B.  A  part  of  Col.  Craigs  Battalion  are  only  enlested  to  the  first  of 
January  1783. 

The  Troops  serving  in  the  first  Reg*  of  Cavalry — Col.  Moylan's  Regi- 
ment— and  the  Artillery  companies  detached  under  General  Wayne  to 
Georgia  are  not  included. 

A  True  Copy  of  Col.  Williams' s  return. 

EDWD  HAND.  A.  G1. 

HENRY  CHRIST'S  ACCOUNT  OF  PAYMENTS  MADE  TO  THE  NON  COM- 
MISSIONED OFFICERS  AND  SOLDIERS,  THRO'  COL.  RICHARD  BUTLER, 
who  were  enlisted  for  during  the  war  &  yet  continue  in  service  in  the 
Pennsylv*  Line. 

READING  May  26, 1781. 

Joseph  Mileham, 

Samuel  Crawford, 

Nicholas  Delde, 

James  M°Elvain, 

Andrew  Wilson, 

Cornelius  Deveny, 

Samuel  Carson, 

John  Blackwood, 

Isaac  Vogan, 


John  Woelin, 
John  Andrew, 
Adam  Hill, 


William  Miller, 
Charles  Cooper, 
John  Van  der  Crummal, 
John  Person, 
William  Moody, 
William  Smith, 
William  Griffin, 
Josiah  Tomkins, 
Tho8  Brown  Jr., 
George  Recroft, 
John  Ross, 
Thomas  Powel, 


Notes  and  Queries. 


403 


Willm  Thomas, 
John  Hamilton, 
Thomas  Sands, 
Andrew  Boge, 
James  Caruthers, 
John  M.  Hink, 
Thomas  Hefferman, 
Joseph  Humphrey, 
Everhardt  Ferhyen, 
Mahlon  Forrest, 
John  Smith, 
William  Gordon, 
John  Beltly, 
Peter  Thomas, 
James  Evans, 
Isaac  Jackson, 
Richard  Leonart, 
Benjamin  Jackson, 
Martin  Delany, 
Michael  Ferrol, 
George  Bainer, 
Elias  Peters, 
Charles  White, 
George  Feipner  Jr., 
John  Williamson, 
William  Delaney, 
Michael  M'Cody, 
James  Smith, 
James  Johnston, 
Samuel  Reeder, 
Thomas  Hustler, 
Francis  Gowan, 
Ambrose  Comer, 
Christian  Freeh, 
John  Summers, 
Martin  Buchder, 
Sebastian  Marsheimer, 
Michael  Smith, 
Jacob  Hill, 
Joseph  Jackson, 
Christian  King, 
Peter  Dell, 
David  Rees, 
John  Philip  Long, 
William  Hunter, 
Peter  Ferry, 
Arthur  Murphey, 
Richard  Wills, 
John  Day, 
John  Falls, 
John  Bivins, 
John  Fredk  Conrad, 
Roger  Curry, 


Paul  Russel, 
John  Tracey, 
George  Stull, 
Francis  Needham, 
Thomas  Snowden, 
James  Rowland, 
Arthur  Keary, 
Henry  Harper, 
Dennis  Kennedy, 
John  Zanes, 
George  Hart, 
Patrick  Fernel, 
John  Welch, 
Andrew  Nelson, 
William  Feagan, 
John  Kergy, 
Richard  Lavering, 
Matthew  McEnally, 
Archd  McKendrick, 
John  Henry, 
Joseph  Cochran, 
Robert  Hamilton, 
Thomas  Service, 
Jacob  Rosewell, 
Edward  Nelson, 
Robert  Allen, 
James  Dougherty, 
William  Mably, 
Samuel  Woods, 
William  Johnston, 
William  Loughridge, 
Aaron  Lochart, 
Laurence  Burns, 
John  Dous, 
Peter  Phelan, 
William  Brooks, 
Silvester  Hogan, 
David  Campbell, 
Thomas  Peacock, 
Thomas  Brown  Jr., 
Patrick  McCrossen, 
John  Kelly, 
William  Mand, 
John  Deveny, 
Francis  King, 
James  Mahoney, 
George  Rowland, 
Alex.  Allison, 
Dennis  McGroty, 
Frederick  Stillwagon, 
John  Bachn, 
Daniel  Barnhart, 
Christian  Young, 


404  Notes  and  Queries, 

William  Chambers, .  John  Hamilton, 

John  Marshall,  William  Mileham, 

John  Nocten,  John  Toppins, 

Eichard  Barrons,  Isaac  Harelton, 

Robert  Letford,  John  McMechan, 

George  Walton,  Thomas  Dodson, 

Daniel  Salleday,  George  Duffy, 

Hugh  Havean,  John  Hersh, 

John  Ripson,  Henry  Crone, 

Lochin  Morrison,  William  Fitzpatrick, 

John  Comer,  George  McLaughlin, 

John  Sutherland,  Thomas  Flower, 

James  Matthew,  Patrick  Rock, 

John  Cavanagh,  James  Baily. 
Samson  Dempsey, 

ANTENUPTIAL  AGREEMENT  BETWEEN  JACOB  SPICEE  AND  DEBORAH 
LEAMING,  1751  (original  in  the  Collection  of  the  Historical  Society  of 
Pennsylvania). — 

To  MRS  DEBORAH  LEAMING, 
MADAM. 

Seeing  I  Jacob  Spicer  have  addressed  myself  to  you  upon  the  design 
of  Marriage,  I  therefore  esteem  it  necessary  to  Submit  to  your  considera- 
tion some  particulars  before  we  enter  upon  that  Solemn  Enterprize  which 
may  either  establish  our  happiness,  or  Occasion  our  Inquietude  during 
life,  and  if  you  concur  with  those  particulars  I  shall  have  great  en- 
couragement to  carry  my  design  into  execution ;  and  since  Happiness  is 
the  grand  pursuit  of  a  Rational  creature,  so  marriage  ought  not  to  be 
attempted  short  of  a  prospect  of  arriving  thereat,  and  in  order  thereunto 
(should  we  marry)  I  conceive  the  following  Rules  and  particulars  ought 
to  be  steadily  observed  and  kept,  viz. 

1st.  That  we  keep  but  one  purse,  a  Severance  of  Interest  bespeaking 
diffidence,  mistrust,  and  disunity  of  mind. 

2d.  That  we  avoid  anger  as  much  as  possible,  especially  with  each 
other,  but  If  either  should  be  overtaken  therewith,  the  other  to  Treat 
the  angry  Party  with  Temper  and  moderation  during  the  Continuance 
of  such  anger,  and  afterwards  If  need  require  let  the  matter  of  heat  be 
cooly  discussed  when  reason  shall  resume  its  Government. 

3d.  As  we  have  different  Stocks  of  Children  to  which  we  are  and  ought 
to  be  strongly  attached  by  Ties  of  Nature,  so  its  proper  when  such 
Children,  or  any  of  them  need  Correction  it  be  administered  by  the  party 
from  whom  they  have  Descended,  unless  in  the  opinion  of  both  Parties 
it  shall  be  thought  necessary  to  be  otherwise  administered  for  the  Chil- 
drens  good. 

4th.  That  no  difference  or  partiality  be  made  with  respect  to  such  Chil- 
dren who  live  with  us  in  point  of  Common  usuage  Touching  Education, 
Food,  raiment,  and  Treatment  otherwise  than  usuage,  Circumstance  and 
Convenience  may  render  it  necessary,  to  be  agreed  upon  between  us  and 
grounded  upon  reason. 

5th.  That  Civility,  Courtesy,  and  kind  Treatment  be  all  ways  exercised 
and  extended  towards  such  Child  or  Children  that  now  is,  or  hereafter 
may  be  removed  from  us. 

6th.  That  we  use  our  Mutual  Endeavours  to  Instruct,  Council,  Im- 


Notes  and  Queries.  405 

prove,  Admonish,  and  advise  all  our  Children  without  partiality  for 
their  General  Good,  and  that  we  ardently  endeavour  to  promote  both 
their  Temporal  and  Eternal  Welfare. 

7th.  That  each  of  us  use  our  best  Endeavours  to  Inculcate  upon  the 
Minds  of  our  respective  Stocks  of  Children  a  Venerable  and  Honourable 
Opinion  of  the  other  of  us,  and  avoid  as  much  as  possible  any  Insinua- 
tions that  may  have  a  different  Tendency. 

8th.  That  in  Matters  where  either  of  us  is  more  capable  of  Judging 
than  the  other  of  us,  or  best  acquainted  therein,  that  the  person  so  most 
capable  of  Judging,  and  best  acquainted  do  follow  his  or  her  own  Judg- 
ment without  Controul,  unless  the  other  shall  be  able  to  give  a  sufficient 
reason  to  the  Contrary,  then  and  in  such  Case  the  same  to  be  Conclusive, 
And  that  we  do  adhere  to  each  other  in  things  reasonable  and  expedient 
with  a  Mutual  Condescension,  and  also  advise  with,  and  Consult  each 
other  in  Matters  of  Importance. 

9th.  That  If  any  misunderstanding  shou'd  arise  the  same  to  be  calmly 
Canvassed  and  accommodated  between  ourselves  without  admitting  the 
Interposition  of  any  other,  or  seeking  a  Confident  to  either  reveal  our 
mind  unto,  or  Sympathize  withall  upon  the  Occasion. 

10th.  That  no  Suspicions  Jealousies  of  any  kind  whatever  be  har- 
boured in  our  breasts,  without  absolute  or  good  Circumstantial  evidence, 
and  If  conceived  upon  proof  or  Strong  presumption,  the  same  to  be 
communicated  to  the  Suspected  person  in  Temper  and  Moderation,  and 
not  Told  to  another. 

ll*h.  That  we  be  just,  Chaste,  and  Continent  to  each  other,  and  shou'd 
either  prove  otherwise,  that  then  we  Separate  notwithstanding  the  most 
Solemn  Ties  to  the  Contrary,  unless  it  shall  Suit  the  Injured  Party  to 
forgive  the  Injury  and  Continue  the  Coverture  ;  and  in  Case  of  Separa- 
tion each  of  us  keep  such  Share  of  Wealth  as  we  were  possessed  of  when 
we  came  together,  if  it  remains  in  the  same  state  as  to  Quantum,  but  if 
over,  or  under  then  in  proportion  to  what  we  Originally  had. 

12th.  That  we  neither  give  into,  nor  Countenance  any  111  advisers, 
who  may  have  a  Design  to  Mar  our  Happiness  and  Sow  discord  Be- 
tween us. 

13th.  That  in  Matters  of  Eeligious  Concernment  we  be  at  liberty  to 
Exercise  our  Sentiments  freely  without  Controul. 

IJph.  That  we  use  our  Mutual  Endeavours  to  Encrease  our  Affection, 
Cultivate  our  Harmony,  promote  our  Happiness,  and  live  in  the  Fear  of 
God,  and  in  Obedience  to  his  Kighteous  Laws. 

15th.  That  we  use  the  Relatives  of  each  other  with  Friendly  Kindness, 
and  that  the  same  be  extended  to  our  Friends  and  Benefactors  mutually 
without  grudging. 

16th.  That  the  Survivor  of  us,  endeavour  after  the  death  of  the  other 
of  us,  to  Maintain  the  Reputation  and  dignity  of  the  deceased,  by  avoid- 
ing Levity  of  Behaviour,  dissoluteness  of  life,  and  disgraceful  Marriage, 
not  only  so,  but  that  such  Survivour  Perseveres  in  good  Offices  to  the 
Children  of  the  deceased,  as  a  Discreet,  faithfull,  and  Honourable  Sur- 
vivour ought  to  do. 

l?th  That  in  Case  Jacob  Spicer  after  Trial  shall  not  think  it  for  his 
Interest  or  agreeable  to  his  disposition  to  live  at  the  plantation  where 
Deborah  Learning  now  resides,  then  and  in  such  Case  she  to  remove 
with  him  elsewhere  upon  a  prospect  promising  to  better  his  Circum- 
stances, or  promote  his  Happiness,  provided  the  Landed  Interest  of  the 


406 '  Notes  and  Queries. 

said  Deborah's  late  husband  be  taken  proper  care  of  for  the  Benefit  of 
her  son  Christopher. 

18th.  That  the  said  Jacob  Spicer  be  allowed  from  Time  to  Time  to 
purchase  such  Books  from  our  Joint  Stock,  as  he  shall  think  necessary 
for  the  advantage  and  Improvement  of  himself  and  our  Children  Jointly 
or  either  of  them  without  grudging. 

19th.  That  the  said  Jacob  Spicer  do  continue  to  keep  Elisha  Hughes 
and  Perform  his  express  agreement  to  him  according  to  Indenture  already 
Executed  and  discharge  the  Trust  reposed  in  him  the  said  Spicer  by  the 
mother  of  the  said  Elisha  without  grudging  or  Complaint. 

20th.  And  as  the  said  Deborah  Learning  and  the  said  Jacob  Spicer 
are  now  something  advanced  in  years,  and  ought  to  Take  the  Comfort 
of  life  as  free  from  hard  Toil  as  convenience  will  admit,  Therefore 
neither  of  them  be  subject  thereunto,  unless  in  Case  of  Emergence,  and 
this  Exemption  to  be  no  ways  Censured  by  each  other,  provided  they 
Supervise,  Contrive,  and  do  the  light  necessary  Services  Incumbent  on 
the  respective  heads  of  a  family,  not  omitting  to  cultivate  their  Minds 
when  convenience  will  admit. 

218t.  That  if  anything  be  omitted  in  the  foregoing  rules  and  Particu- 
lars that  may  Conduce  to  our  future  Happiness  and  Welfare,  the  same 
to  be  hereafter  Supplied  by  reason  and  discretion  as  often  as  Occasion 
shall  require. 

22d.  That  the  said  Jacob  Spicer  shall  not  upbraid  the  said  Deborah 
with  the  extraordinary  Industry  and  Good  Oeconomy  of  his  deceased 
wife,  neither  shall  the  said  Deborah  Learning  upbraid  the  said  Jacob 
Spicer  with  the  like  extraordinary  Industry  and  good  Oeconomy  of  her 
Deceased  Husband,  neither  shall  anything  of  this  Nature  be  observed  by 
either,  to  the  other  of  us,  with  any  View  to  Ofiend,  or  Irritate  the  Party 
to  whom  observed,  a  thing  too  frequently  practised  in  a  Second  Mar- 
riage, and  very  fatal  to  the  repose  of  the  Parties  married. 

I  Deborah  Learning  in  Case  I  marry  with  Jacob  Spicer  do  hereby 
Promise  to  Observe  and  Perform  the  before  going  rules  and  Particulars 
containing  twenty  Two  in  Number  to  the  best  of  my  Power — As  Witness 
my  hand  the  16th  day  of  December  1751. 

[signed.] 

DEBORAH  LEAMYING. 

I  Jacob  Spicer  in  Case  I  marry  with  Deborah  Learning  do  hereby 
pjomise  to  observe  and  Conform  to  the  before  going  rules  and  particu- 
lars containing  Twenty  Two  Numbers  to  the  best  of  my  Power,  As  Wit- 
ness my  hand  the  16th  day  of  December  1751. 

[signed.] 

JACOB  SPICER. 

MRS.  WASHINGTON  TO  Miss  MARY  ANN  AITKEN. — The  following 
in  the  handwriting  of  Tobias  Lear  is  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  C.  Fitz 
Henry  Campbell,  of  Nova  Scotia  : 

It  is  with  regret  that  Mrs.  Washington  informs  Miss  Aitken  that  she 
cannot  accept  the  beautiful  Screen  which  Miss  Aitken  has  been  so  polite 
as  to  send  her.  However  painful  it  is  to  Mrs.  Washington  to  deprive 
Miss  Aitken  of  the  pleasure  which  her  acceptance  of  this  present  might 
have  given  her  ;  yet  Mrs.  Washington  feels  constrained  to  do  it  in  con- 
formity to  a  line  of  conduct  which  she  has  hitherto  observed  on  such 


Notes  and  Queries.  407 

occasions.  The  taste  and  beautiful  execution  of  the  Screen  are  such  as 
to  reflect  the  highest  credit  on  the  talents  of  Miss  Aitken— and  the  time 
in  which  it  was  executed  does  no  less  honour  to  her  industry.— 

Mrs.  Washington  begs  that  Miss  Aitken  will  be  assured  that  she  has 
the  same  sense  of  Miss  Aitken' s  politeness  and  respect  towards  her  as  if 
her  present  had  been  accepted. 

Thursday  Feby.  24th-94. 

Addressed  to 

Miss  MARY  ANN  AITKEN, 

MARKET  ST. 

GERMAN  SCHOOLS  OF  PHILADELPHIA.— Recd  of  the  Recr  General 
Fifty  pounds  4/10d  which  with  Fifty  pounds  paid  me  heretofore  is  in  full 
for  the  Money  advanced  in  behalf  of  the  Honble  Tho"  &  Kichd  Penn 
Esq"  and  Lady  Juliana  Penn,  towards  carrying  on  the  German  Schools 
to  the  1st  Instant. 

WILLIAM  SMITH. 

SUICIDE  OF  MAJOR  GAL  VAN. —Major  Galvan,  a  distinguished  French 
officer,  who  shot  himself  through  the  head  on  July  24,  1782,  and  was 
buried  the  following  day  in  the  Potter's  Field  (Washington  Square), 
addressed  the  following  letter  to  his  friends,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Brock- 
hoist  Livingston,  Major  Matthew  Clarkson,  and  William  Bingham  : 

Adieu,  my  dear  friends  ;  life  has  become  a  burthen  too  heavy  for  me  : 
I  shake  it  off.  Men  who  do  not  reflect  will  accuse  me  of  weakness : 
they  will  be  mistaken.  That  same  courage  which  enables  me  to  meet 
death,  would  have  also  supported  me  in  bearing  any  degree  of  pain : 
but  what  end  would  be  answered  by  it  ?  Love,  in  extinguishing  in  me 
every  other  passion,  has  disqualified  me  to  follow  any  pursuit  from  which 
my  country,  my  friends  or  my  family  might  receive  any  advantage. 
Why  then  should  I  preserve  a  life  useless  to  them  and  obnoxious  to  me. 
I  resign  it  cooly  and  deliberately :  the  only  regret  I  carry  with  me  is 
that  the  sacrifice  was  made  to  my  own  case,  and  not  to  some  nobler  or 
more  disinterested  motive. 

I  intrust  you  my  dear  friends  with  the  execution  of  my  last  will  : 
have  me  buried  decently.  Pay  all  my  debts  and  if  what  I  leave  here 
was  not  sufficient  draw  upon  my  brother  at  Bayonne.  I  hope  Bingham 
will  take  the  trouble  of  this  if  necessary. 

Send  a  copy  of  my  will  to  my  mother,  Madam  Henry  de  Fadat,  at 
Dominica,  and  one  to  my  above  mentioned  brother  Francois  Louis 
Galvan  De  Bernoux.  But  let  neither  know  the  nature  of  my  death. 
Endeavour  to  conceal  it  or  at  least  to  make  it  as  little  public  as  possible. 

Take  care  of  Hector  :  I  would  be  glad  he  would  live  with  my  brother, 
and  until  he  joins  him,  let  him  stay  with  either  of  you  that  he  chuses. 

Present  my  Picture  to  Miss  Sally  Shippen :  Tell  her  my  gratitude  for 
her  friendship  will  be  one  of  the  last  sentiments  that  dies  in  me. 

Present  my  last  compliments,  (and  let  them  be  very  affectionate),  to 
all  my  friends  male  and  female ;  You  know  them. 

Let  such  letters  as  will  be  directed  to  me  be  kept  by  Bingham  and 
deliver  or  sent  to  my  Brother  as  he  shall  direct.  I  recommend  him  to 
the  friendship  of  you  three. 

Seal  the  letters  you'll  find  upon  my  table  and  send  them  to  their 
respective  addresses. 


408  Notes  and  Queries. 

I  have  annexed  to  this*  as  exact  an  account  as  I  can  recollect  of  all 
my  affairs  here.  Sell  all  my  effects  except  my  linnen,  which  with  my 
pa'pers  I  desire  may  be  well  secured  and  kept  under  Keys  at  Bingham's, 
to  be  delivered  to  my  brother  if  he  returns  here  or  disposed  of  as  he 
shall  direct. 

The  pistols  are  loaded !  Adieu  for  the  last  time  !  Love  me  after  I 
am  dead  as  I  did  you  while  I  was  alive.  Defend  my  memory  against 
happy  lovers,  for  I  suppose  no  unfortunate  one  will  attack  it. 

I  march  off  gayly  and  almost  as  eagerly  as  when  our  Mend  General 
Wayne  sent  me  to  attack  Lord  Cornwallis,  and  hope  I  shall  be  more 
successful  in  outflanking  love  than  the  British  army. 

GALVAN. 

24*  July  1782. 

You  will  not  my  dear  Clarkson,  call  my  honor  in  question.  My 
torments  are  more  than  I  can  bear — be  indulgent  to  me — forgive  me. 

GALVAN. 

CERTIFICATE  OF  REMOVAL  OF  GEORGE  WOOD,  1682. — Recorded  in 
Darby  (Penna.,)  Monthly  Meeting  Minute  Book,  Vol.  II.  p.  7. — 

A  certificate  from  ye  monthly  meetings  of  Friends  belonging  to 
Matlock,  Monyash  &  Ashford  meeting  Concerning  our  Deare  Friend 
George  Wood  ye  29th  5th  month  1682.  Darbyshire  : 

This  is  to  satisfie  friends  in  America  or  elsewhere  y*  George  Wood  the 
bearer  here  of  hath  since  ye  time  he  hath  been  among  friends  walked 
very  orderly  &  faithfully  amongst  us  &  he  his  deare  wife  &  children  have 
been  of  good  Savour  in  their  Country  and  in  sweet  unity  with  friends  in 
ye  Blessed  Truth  in  which  precious  love  Unity  is  ye  pure  Truth  we  now 
part  with  them  tho  sorry  to  be  soo  far  Absent  from  them  if  ye  Lord  had 
pleased  to  have  ordered  it  otherwise :  but  yet  in  spirit  we  hope  for  ever 
to  feel  them  with  us  &  are  well  satisfied  in  their  going,  desiring  y6  Lord 
may  be  ever  with  them  &  All  His  to  the  end.  To  the  praise  &  Glory  & 
our  eternal  joy  &  comfort  for  ever :  So  be  it.  Oh  Lord,  let  it  be  so. 
Amen. 

Given  forth  at  our  monthly  on  day  &  yeare  abovesd  by  us  whose 
names  are  here  subscribed 

Sam1  Sykes,  Sam.  Johnson, 

Will  Bunting,  Anthony  Woodward, 

John  Galton,  Hannah  Souter, 

Jonathan  Fisher,  Mary  Foulke. 

JOHN  WARDER,  OF  PHILADELPHIA. — To  the  Friends'  Quarterly 
Examiner,  London,  Frederick  G.  Cash  has  been  contributing  a  resume 
of  the  manuscript  "Recollections"  of  James  Jenkins  (no  kin  of  the 
writer  of  this),  a  merchant  of  London,  a  Friend,  in  the  period  1761-1821. 
In  the  course  of  it  occurs  the  following  : 

"  On  the  21st  of  Fourth  Month,  1778,  I  was  an  invited  guest  at  the 
marriage  of  Jasper  Capper  and  my  kinswoman  Anne,  the  daughter  of 
my  quondam  master,  John  Fry.  We  dined  (after  the  marriage)  at  the 
White  Hart  tavern  near  the  church  in  Bishopsgate  street,  and  were  a 
pretty  large  company.  Old  is  the  saying  that  '  a  wedding  makes  wed- 
dings,' and  so  it  happened  this  time,  for  John  Warder,  (a  native  of 
Philadelphia,  then  boarding  and  lodging  at  John  Fry's),  was  smitten 


Notes  and  Queries.  409 

with  the  charms  of  Nancy  Head,  daughter  of  John  Head,  of  Ipswich," 
etc. 

Readers  of  the  Extracts  from  Ann  Warder's  Journal  (kept  after  her 
arrival  in  this  country,  1786),  published  in  the  PENNSYLVANIA  MAGA- 
ZINE, Vols.  XVII.  and  XVIII.,  will  be  interested  to  have  these  details 
added  to  their  knowledge  of  the  lively  journalist. 

H.  M.  J. 


EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  MEMOIRS  OF  JONAS  INGHAM,  LATE  CAPTAIN 
OF  BUCKS  COUNTY,  PENNSYLVANIA,  MILITIA. — About  this  time  the 
Revolutionary  war  broke  out.  I  entered  my  name  on  the  muster  roll 
and  did  my  duty  as  a  militia  man,  first  as  a  lieutenant,  then  as  a  cap- 
tain. In  the  years  1777  and  1778,  I  think  it  was,  I  served  a  pretty 
hard  tour  of  duty  in  the  months  of  November,  December,  and  January 
near  the  British  lines,  who  were  then  in  Philadelphia.  We  suffered 
much  with  cold,  lying  out  of  doors  on  the  ground  the  whole  of  the  time 
with  nothing  to  cover  us  but  each  of  us  a  single  blanket. 

I  was  at  the  battle  called  Gulph  Mills  and  so  afraid  of  being  called  a 
coward  that  I  was  the  last  on  the  battle  ground  (except  two  or  three  who 
kept  me  company)  and  was  very  near  being  taken  prisoner.  After  the 
retreat  when  I  came  up  with  the  company  now  at  Sweedford  I  was  among 
them  before  they  perceived  me,  and  I  overheard  our  Adjutant,  Mr. 
Kennada,  relating  to  the  company  that  he  had  seen  me  under  the  light 
horsemen's  feet  and  that  I  was  taken  prisoner.  This  was  nearly  the 
case.  A  troop  of  light  horsemen  pursued  me,  were  near  me  and  fired 
at  me,  I  believe  all  of  them,  and  then  rode  close  up  and  called  upon  me 
and  those  who  were  with  me  (I  forget  their  names)  many  times,  with 
very  hard  words  and  hard  names  to  ground  our  arms,  but  we  escaped 
by  climbing  high  fences  and  taking  to  some  woods. 

But  we  remained  yet  a  great  while  in  the  British  lines,  taking  a  new 
position  every  night  after  dark,  for  fear  the  spies  would  bring  the  British 
out  again  as  they  had  done  before.  This  made  our  duty  very  unpleasant 
in  all  kinds  of  severe  weather  of  which  we  had  a  good  deal. 

On  the  last  day  of  January  I  was  sent  home  very  sick  of  a  fever,  in  a 
wagon,  owing  I  suppose  to  a  change  in  the  way  of  our  living  as  well  as 
suffering  with  cold  and  hardships.  .  .  . 

My  "going  to  war,"  as  it  was  termed,  prejudiced  the  whole  Society 
of  Friends  against  me.  .  .  . 

"FALL  OF  THE  YEAR." — Conversing  in  England,  on  a  recent  visit, 
my  friends  there  remarked  upon  my  use  of  the  word  Fall,  instead  of 
Autumn,  in  describing  the  seasons  of  the  year.  I  was  able  to  point  out 
to  them  that  in  William  Penn's  narrative  of  his  imprisonment  in  the 
Tower  for  writing  "The  Sandy  Foundation  Shaken"  (vide  his  frag- 
mentary "Apology,"  in  Memoirs  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, Vol.  III.  Part  2),  he  says,  "I  was  committed  the  beginning  of 
December,  and  was  not  discharged  till  the  Fall  of  the  Leaf  following." 

So,  too,  Lieutenant-Governor  Markham,  writing  home  from  Upland, 
December  7,  1681,  says,  "In  the  fall  of  the  Leaf,  or  after  Harvest,  here 
are  abundance  of  wild  turkeys,"  etc. 

.  M.  J. 


410 


Notes  and  Queries. 


A  PAY  ABSTRACT  OF  'CAPTAIN  JOHN  WHETZALLS  COMPANY  OF 
BANGERS,  Monongala  County  under  the  command  of  Col  Daniel 
M°Farland,  Eanging  in  Monongahala  and  Ohio  Countys  from  the  22nd 
day  of  April  to  the  25th  of  July  1778  both  days  included. 


Mens  names 

Commencing 

Ending 

Months 

1 

Pay  per 
month 

Conti- 
nental 
Currency. 

John  Whetzall  Captain 

April  22  paid 

July  25 

3 

5 

40  Dols 

47-10-  0 

William  Crawford  Lieut 

27 

do 

3 

27    do 

30-  7-  6 

John  Madison  Ensign 

27 

do 

3 

20    do 

29-10-  0 

Peter  Miller  Sergeant 

22  paid 

do 

3 

5 

8    do 

9-10-  0 

Christian  Copley  do 

May  1st 

do 

2 

26 

do 

8-12-  0 

John  Six  -  Private 

April  28 

do 

2 

29 

25    do 

27-16-  3 

Samuel  Brown 

do 

do 

2 

29 

do 

27-16-  3 

Lewis  Bonnell 

May  1st 

do 

2 

26 

do 

26-18-  4 

Jacob  Teasbaugh 

do 

July  14 

2 

15 

do 

23-  7-  6 

Joseph  Morris 

April  20 

25 

3 

5 

6f    do 

7-18-  4 

Benjamin  Wright 

do 

do 

3 

5 

do 

7-18-  4 

William  Hall 

do 

do 

3 

5 

do 

7-18-  4 

Philip  Nicholas 

do 

do 

3 

5 

do 

7-18-  4 

John  Nicholas 

do 

do 

3 

5 

do 

7-18-  4 

Henry  Yoho 

do 

do 

3 

5 

do 

7-18-  4 

John  Duncan 

do 

do 

3 

5 

do 

7-18-  4 

Thomas  Harges 

do 

do 

3 

5 

do 

7-18-  4 

John  Provence  Jr 

do 

do 

3 

5 

do 

7-18-  4 

Harvey  Franks 

do 

do 

3 

5 

do 

7-18-  4 

Nicholas  Cronsber 

do 

do 

3 

5 

do 

7-18-  4 

Jacob  Teasbaugh 

do 

April  30 

9 

do 

15-0 

John  Six  - 

do 

do 

9 

do 

15-  0 

Abram  Eastwood 

23 

July  25 

3 

4 

do 

7-16-  8 

Conrah  Has 

do  paid 

do 

3 

4 

do 

7-16-  8 

Mark  Has 

do  paid 

do 

3 

4 

do 

7-16-  8 

Martin  Whetzall 

do  paid 

do 

3 

4 

do 

7-16-  8 

Enock  Enocks 

24  paid 

do 

3 

3 

do 

7-15-  0 

Jacob  Kiffle 

24  paid 

do 

3 

3 

do 

7-15-  0 

Palantine  Laurense 

do 

do 

3 

3 

do 

7-15-  0 

John  Andrew 

do 

do 

3 

3 

do 

7-15-  0 

John  Smith 

do 

do 

3 

3 

do 

7-15-  0 

William  Gardner 

25 

do 

3 

2 

do 

7-13-  4 

Notes  and  Queries.  411 

A  PAY  ABSTRACT  OF  CAPTAIN  JOHN  WHETZALL.— Continued. 


Mens  names 

Commencing 

Ending 

1 

! 

Pay  per 
month 

Conti- 
nental 
Currency. 

David  Cook 

May   25 

July  25 

2 

2 

GfDols 

5-3-4 

Joseph  Yeager 

21 

June  21 

1 

2 

do 

2-13-  4 

Philip  Call 

25 

17 

24 

do 

2-  0-11 

George  Call 

25 

July  25 

2 

2 

do 

5-3-4 

Joseph  Coons 

28 

do 

1 

29 

do 

4-18-  4 

Matthew  Kiffle 

30 

do 

1 

27 

do 

4-15-  0 

Jacob  Shandler 

29 

do 

1 

28 

do 

4-16-  8 

Peter  Goosey 

June  26 

July    3 

8 

do 

13-  4 

Philip  Barker 

April  30 

May  17 

24 

do 

2-8-0 

£  478  —  17  —  10 


I  do  certify  that  the  within  officers  and  men  was  sent  as  Rangers  by 
my  order  given  under  my  hand  August  12-1778. 

DANIEL  M°FARLAND. 

HEAD  QUARTERS  PITTSBUKG  March  25-1780 

SIR — Please  to  examine  the  within  abstract  and  fill  a  warrant 
accordingly. 

DANIEL  BROADHEAD 

To  ALEX  FOWLER  ESQR.  Col  Commanding  W.  D. 

A.  W.  D. 

The  original  is  in  the  Historical  Museum  of  the  University  of  West 
Virginia,  Morgantown,  W.  Va. 

SOME  ABSTRACTS  OF  POWERS  OF  ATTORNEY  on  file  in  Phila- 
delphia, contributed  by  Mr.  William  M.  Mervine. 

Abstract  of  Power  of  Attorney.  (Exem.  Deed  Book  No.  11,  page 
356,  Philada.) 

William  Green  of  the  Parish  and  Town  of  Farringdon  in  the  County 
of  Berks  in  Great  Britain,  Yeoman,  power  of  attorney  to  John  Lee  of 
London.  Whereas  George  Green *  heretofore  of  the  Town  of  Farringdon 
aforesaid  deceased,  did  on  or  about  1680  purchase  Land  in  the  Province 
of  Pennsylvania  and  whereas  the  said  William  Green  is  heir  at  law  to 
the  said  George  Green,  as  it  appeareth  by  the  Parish  Register's  Books 
kept  for  Marriage,  Baptisms  and  Burials  in  the  said  Parish  of  Farring- 
don aforesaid,  that  is  to  Say  the  said  William  Green  is  the  Eldest  Son 
and  Heir  at  Law  of  John  Green  who  was  the  Eldest  Son  and  Heir  at 
Law  of  another  John  Green  who  was  the  Eldest  Son  and  Heir  at  Law 
of  another  John  Green  who  was  the  next  Brother  of  George  Green  the 
Purchaser  of  Farringdon  aforesaid. 

Signed  June  9,  1777. 

i  An  early  purchaser  of  Pennsylvania  lands  was  Henry  Green,  of  Farringdon  in  the 
County  of  Berks,  Roper.  See  list  of  first  purchasers,  Penna.  Arch.,  3d  Ser.,  vol.  iii.  page 
332. 


412  Notes  and  Queries.      *_ 

(Page  360.) 

John  Lee  of  the  City  of  London  and  John  Hatter  of  City  of  Oxford 
Writing  Master  declare  they  did  examine  the  Registers  Books  etc.,  on 
the  6th  day  of  June  1777  and  that  the  extracts  or  copies  of  Registers 
hereunto  annexed,  marked  with  letter  B,  are  true  copies  of  Entries  in 
the  Register's  Books  etc. 

Signed  June  10,  1777,  before  Edwd.  Loth  (or  Losh)  Mayor. 

[The  copies  of  entries  above  mentioned  do  not  appear  in  the  record 
book.] 

May  7,  1781.  Power  of  Attorney,  Francis  Draper,  Henry  Draper, 
Ann  Grant,  Leonard  Draper,  of  Market  Lavington  in  the  County  of 
Wilts  Great  Britain  &c  heirs  of  John  Brothers l  of  the  same  place  who 
died  intestate  and  possessed  of  sundry  Freehold  Lands  etc  and  Liberty 
Lands  in  Province  of  Penna.,  and  City  and  Suburbs  of  Phila.,  and  in 
the  New  Jerseys,  to  Charles  Cecil  of  Chelso  near  London,  who  intends 
to  proceed  to  North  America  in  order  to  recover  the  estate  of  said  John 
Brothers  etc.2 

John  Williams  Curate  of  Market  Levington  in  the  County  of  Wilts 
and  Diocese  of  Sarum.  Francis  Rogers,  Minister  of  Stanton  St 
Bernard  in  the  said  County  of  Wilts  and  Diocese  of  Sarum,  and 
Samuel  Bowden  of  Devises  in  the  said  County  Gent.  Severally  make 
oath  and  Say  that  the  Several  Certificates  of  Marriages  and  Baptisms 
and  Burials  are  true  Extracts  etc  etc 

From  the  Register  of  Parish  of  Market  Livington  in  the  County  of 
Wilts  &c 

Ambrose  Draper  and  Elizabeth  Brothers  both  of  said  Parish  were 
married  August  26,  1695. 

Ambrose  Draper  and  Ann  Bishop  were  married  June  18,  1720. 

William  Grant  and  Anne  Draper  were  married  August  11,  1741. 

Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  John  Brothers  and  Anne  his  Wife  was  bap- 
tised October  22,  1674. 

Ambrose  the  son  of  Ambrose  Draper  was  baptised  May  10,  1722. 

John  the  son  of  Ambrose  Draper  was  baptised  Feby  2,  1723. 

Anne,  daughter  of  Ambrose  Draper  was  bapt.  July  19,  1783. 

Leonard,  son  of  Ambrose  Draper,  bapt.  Dec.  11,  1737. 

Henry,  son  of  John  Draper,  bapt.  May  19,  1752. 

John  Brotherest  buried  May  18,  1721. 

Ambrose  Draper,  buried  Dec.  22,  1721. 

Anne  Draper,  Widow,  buried  June  9,  1747,  aged  46. 

John  Draper,  buried  Aug.  4,  1763. 

Extracts  from  the  Register  of  the  Parish  of  Stanton  St  Bernard  in 
the  County  of  Wilts  etc. 

John  Draper  and  Anne  More  were  married  June  20,  1751. 

1  Among  the  first  purchasers  of  Pennsylvania  (Penna.  Arch.,  3d  Ser.,  vol.  iii.  page  328) 
appear  the  names  of  "  John  Brother,  of  Market  Levington  in  the  County  of  Wilts,  and 
Robert  Serghill  of  Weadhampton  in  the  same  County,  Yeoman." 

8  The  above-mentioned  Charles  Cecil  seems  to  have  made  the  proposed  voyage  to 
America  to  recover  the  estate  of  John  Brothers ;  October  2d,  1783,  Charles  Cecil  enters  a 
Caveat  against  the  acceptance  of  a  Survey  of  sixteen  acres  in  Blockley  Township, 
in  right  of  John  Brother's  original  purchase.  (Pa.  Arch.,  3d.  Ser.,  vol.  ii.  page  644.) 
(Also  page  52  of  same  volume  gives  record  of  his  proceedings  regarding  said  estate.) 


Notes  and  Queries.  413 

BATTLE  OF  GERMANTOWN. —The  one  hundred  and  twenty-fifth 
anniversary  of  the  battle  of  Germantown  will  be  commemorated  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Society  of  Sons  of  the  Revolution  in  the  Market  Square 
Presbyterian  Church,  Germantown,  on  Saturday  evening  October  4th. 
The  address  will  be  made  by  John  W.  Jordan,  Registrar  of  the  Society. 

HESSELIU'S  PORTRAITS.— In  a  letter  of  Richard  Hockley  to  Thomas 
Penn,  "Philada.  9br  18th  1742,"  occurs  the  following :  "Mrs.  Penn's 
and  Mr.  Freame's  pictures  with  the  Owl,  allowed  to  be  exceeding  good 
copys  and  according  to  my  judgment  the  best  I  ever  saw  of  Hesseliu's 
paintings. " 


THOMAS. — Information  is  requested  as  to  what  branch  of  the  Thomas 
Family  the  following  records  appertain.  "Oliver  Thomas's  Book, 
4»h  July  1729,  whose  children  by  his  wife  Sarah"  are  as  follows  : 

Evan,  b.  February  12,  1736/7. 

Ann,  b.  January  1,  1738/9. 

Mary,  b.  March  3,  1740/1. 

Margaret,  b.  October  5,  1743. 

Sarah,  b.  August  13,  1745. 

Rebecca,  b.  May  31,  1749. 

Elenor,  b.  October  15,  1752  ;  d.  October  26,  1752. 

David,  b.  May  31,  1754. 

"Mary  Thomas  was  married  with  John  Du —  the  5th  of  May  1764, 
and  were  also  brought  a  bed  a  young  Daughter  named  Mary,  the  10th 
of 1769,  and  Deceased  in  childbed  the  14th  inst. 

"Margaret  Spiering,  wife  of  John  Spiering,  brought  a  bed  the  5th  of 
September  1769,  a  daughter  named  Susanna  Ursala  Sauty  Spiering. 

"Rebecca  Thomas,  daughter  of  Oliver  and  Sarah  Thomas,  deceased 
the  24th  of  September  1769,  and  Sarah  Thomas,  wife  of  John  Hodgcock 
Jr.,  deceased  the  25th  September  1769. 

"  Oliver  Thomas,  aged  55  years  the  24th  of  June  1769,  died  the  3rd  day 
of  October,  and  was  buried  the  6  inst.  1769." 

FRANCIS  M.  HUTCHINSON. 

MURRAY.— Wanted,  the  date  of  the  death  of  George  Washington 
Murray,  son  of  Francis  Murray,  Esq.,  born  September  25,  1788,  in 
Newtown,  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania.  j 

CONNOLLY.— Information  is  requested  of  James  Connolly,  born  April 
1  1781  in  Philadelphia,  and  his  brother,  Thomas  Connolly,  born  April 
9,  1783,  in  London,  the  sons  of  Lt.  Col.  John  Connolly,  of  the  British 

arm^  NAZ.  H. 

JBooh  notices. 

THE  EVOLUTION  OF  THE  MASON  AND  DIXON  LINE.     By  Morgan 

Portiaux  Robinson.     1892,  16  pp. 

The  article  begins  with  the  royal  grants  to  the  London  Company ; 
relates  how,  after  much  contention,  the  present  State  ot  Maryland 
was  taken  out  of  the  territory  originally  granted  to  the  London  Com- 
pany and  given  to  Lord  Baltimore,  and  how,  later,  Delaware  was  sliced 


414 


Notes  and  Queries. 


out  of  the  grant  to  Baltiftiore ;  describes  the  trials  of  the  surveyors  in 
the  Indian-infested  wilderness  between  Philadelphia  and  the  Alle- 
ghanies,  as  far  as  an  Indian  war-path  on  Duncard's  Creek,  where  the 
Chiefs  of  the  Six  Nations  notified  the  surveyors  that  they  must  halt, 
and  finally  traces  the  more  modern  steps  that  have  been  taken  by  the 
States  of  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  and  Delaware  to  preserve  this  line, 
and  describes  the  work  of  rehabilitation  that  is  now  being  prosecuted 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Superintendent  of  the  United  States  Geo- 
detic and  Coast  Survey. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  CENTRAL  HIGH  SCHOOL  OF  PHILADELPHIA.     By 
Franklin  Spencer  Edmonds,  A.M.,  Professor  of  Political  Science, 
Central  High  School,  and  Master  of  Archives  of  the  Associated 
Alumni.     Philadelphia,  J.  B.  Lippincott  Company,  1902.     Small 
8vo,  394  pp.,  with  Appendixes,  Illustrations,  and  an  Index. 
It  would  be  difficult  to  name  a  book  which  so  closely  approaches  the 
model  of  what  a  history  of  an  educational  institution  should  be.     It 
would  also  be  difficult  to  name  a  book  which  surpasses  in  form  and  style 
and  general  appropriateness  to  the  theme  this  recent  issue  from  the  best- 
known  publishing  house  of  Philadelphia.    Professor  Edmonds  has  done 
his  work  well,  and  printer  and  publisher  have  clothed  it  in  an  attractive 
dress.     The  theme, — the  Central  High  School, — the  author,  and  the 
publisher  illustrate  three  things  of  which  any  city  may  be  proud :  an 
educational  institution  of  high  rank,  a  member  of  the  Faculty  of  that 
institution   competent  to  write  its   history,   and  a  publishing  house 
willing  to  do  for  the  book  all  that  it  deserves.     The  result  is  that  one 
reads  the  volume  with  pleasure,  uncertain  which  to  admire  the  more, — 
the  competency  and  art  of  the  author  or  the  skill  of  the  printer. 

At  first  thought  it  may  seem  a  mere  pastime  to  compile  the  history  of 
a  notable  educational  institution,  but  a  little  reflection  convinces  one 
of  the  peculiar  difficulties  which  inhere  to  the  undertaking.  Of  formal 
reports,  statistics,  traditions,  and  fragments  of  information  of  the  subject 
there  may  be  an  abundance,  but  the  mass  is  inert.  The  theme  lacks  the 
life  of  biography,  the  comprehension  of  history,  the  causal  relation  of 
science,  and  the  ethics  of  literature.  The  narrative  is  of  a  corporation, 
— a  creature  and  creation  of  an  act  of  Assembly, — living,  it  is  true,  from 
generation  to  generation,  and  subserving  the  community  as  an  instru- 
ment, but  to  the  end  a  corporation  having  legal  integrity  but  not  always 
organic  unity.  An  educational  institution  is  a  fluctuating  quantity, 
depending  for  its  character  on  the  men  who  from  time  to  time  direct  its 
functions.  Primarily,  therefore,  the  history  of  a  school  is  the  history  of 
the  men  who  have  controlled  its  work.  But  it  is  more  than  a  series  of 
biographical  sketches  of  professors  and  instructors.  The  school  is  a 
public  institution,  supported  by  taxation,  administered  by  officials  who, 
whether  as  members  of  its  Faculty  or  of  its  Committee  of  the  Board  of 
Education,  or  as  members  of  Council,  reflect  public  opinion,  organize 
the  institution  in  harmony  with  that  opinion,  and  thus  align  the 
institution  with  the  communal  interests  of  their  time.  Again,  the 
students  are  a  potent  factor  in  its  history.  The  Alumni  of  the  Central 
High  School  of  Philadelphia  have  now  for  many  years  composed  a 
sufficiently  numerous  body  to  influence  public  opinion  in  the  city. 
They  are  found  at  the  head  and  front  of  the  learned  professions  and  of 
the  industrial  and  commercial  interests  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  adjoin- 


Notes  and  Queries.  415 

ing  States.  Their  influence  has  in  part  shaped  the  career  of  their  alma 
mater,  at  critical  times  in  its  history  determining  the  appointments  to 
its  Faculty,  and  even  to  membership  of  the  committee  of  the  Board  of 
Education  in  charge  of  the  school. 

Nor  is  this  all.  No  great  school  remains  isolated.  It  sooner  or 
later  becomes  a  part  of  an  educational  life  whose  organs  derive  nourish- 
ment from  a  wide  domain.  The  school  illustrates,  during  its  career, 
the  rise  and  possibly  the  fall  of  many  pedagogical  theories.  It  is  in 
itself  a  comment  on  educational  ideas  which  have  at  times  held  sway 
over  the  public  or  over  the  minds  of  the  directors  of  the  school.  Thus  the 
history  of  the  school  is  a  chapter  in  the  history  of  education,  and  it  may 
be  said  to  derive  its  chief  interest  from  the  relation  of  that  chapter  to 
education  as  a  science. 

When  Professor  Edmonds  undertook  the  task  of  writing  a  history  of 
the  Philadelphia  Central  High  School,  he  essayed  all  the  labor  implied 
in  preparing  an  outline  of  an  important  educational  movement  in  which 
the  school  has  been  a  potent  factor.  One  does  not  proceed  far  into  the 
pages  of  the  book  before  he  discovers  that  the  task  has  been  done  ably  and 
in  excellent  spirit.  The  reader  becomes  interested  in  the  narrative  at 
the  opening  paragraph,  and  the  interest  remains  to  the  end.  This  is 
somewhat  remarkable.  The  theme  is  not  propitious  for  absorbing 
interest.  One  is  led  to  expect  a  few  sketches  of  the  lives  of  eminent 
teachers,  a  few  anecdotes  well  told,  a  bundle  of  reports  and  statistics, 
and  weariness  in  profusion.  The  reader  encounters  not  one  of  these  dis- 
tressing stops.  He  is  carried  along  by  the  current  of  interest, — a  current 
reinforced  by  a  charm  and  quality  of  style.  Professor  Edmonds  is 
careful,  modest,  generous,  and  strong.  The  book  gives  constant  evidence 
of  reflection  and  sound  judgment.  Nowhere  does  he  obtrude  his 
opinions.  Everywhere  there  are  signs  of  research  and  accuracy. 

The  Central  High  School,  since  its  foundation  some  seventy  years 
ago,  has  fixed  the  educational  pace  in  Philadelphia.  It  may  be  said 
to  have  set  the  educational  manners  of  the  town.  Its  Faculty  has  at 
all  times  enrolled  scholarly  men,  and  one  of  the  continuously  inter- 
esting features  of  Professor  Edmonds's  book  is  his  admirable  series  of 
biographical  sketches  of  the  teachers  identified  with  the  institution. 
Notable  among  these — not  to  mention  the  living — were  Alexander 
Dallas  Bache,  E.  Otis  Kendall,  Eembrandt  Peale,  John  F.  Frazer,  John 
Seely  Hart,  James  A.  Kirkpatrick,  Henry  Hartshorne,  and  George 
Stuart.  But  the  biography  of  the  school  is  complete.  Professor  Ed- 
monds has  by  patient  research  recalled  all  that  is  worth  recalling  of 
the  life  and  work  of  every  man  who  has  been  a  member  of  the  Faculty. 
This  forbidding  task  is  done  so  admirably  that  the  narrative  nowhere 
becomes  merely  encyclopedical.  The  art  in  the  book  is  perhaps  here 
best  displayed.  Professor  Edmonds  has  succeeded  in  giving  unity  to 
his  work  by  artistically  weaving  the  life  of  the  men  with  the  life  of 
the  institution.  A  less  skilful  writer  would  have  failed  here  signally. 

Running  through  the  volume  is  a  narrative  of  the  evolution  of  educa- 
tion in  Philadelphia  during  the  last  seventy  years.  To  many  readers 
this  quality  of  the  book  will  be  its  most  attractive  feature.  The  history 
of  courses  of  study  in  a  public  school  is  not  of  itself  very  exciting 
reading.  Professor  Edmonds  has  succeeded  in  making  this  roster  not 
merely  readable  but  interesting.  The  history  of  education  is  the  history 
of  the  human  mind,  and  offers  opportunities  to  the  historian. 


416  Notes  and  Queries. 

reader  of  this  volume  need  have  no  difficulty  in  following  the  struggle 
for  a  curriculum  as  it  was  carried  on  in  this  school.  The  battle  has 
been  lost  and  won  by  the  classical  party  and  by  the  commercial  party. 
Notable  campaigns  have  followed  in  succession,  culminating  in  crises  in 
the  history  of  the  school.  President  Bache  inaugurated  a  regime  of 
scientific  research,  resulting  in  the  growth  of  a  curriculum  strong  in 
scientific  studies ;  President  Hart  developed  a  curriculum  equally 
strong  in  the  classics ;  President  Riche"  devoted  his  strength  to  commer- 
cial and  practical  studies ;  President  Taylor  co-operated  in  breaking 
with  tradition,  and  inaugurated  the  era  of  university  trained  instructors ; 
his  successors  have  developed  a  curriculum  notably  strong  in  historical, 
economic,  and  social  subjects.  In  other  words,  the  school  has  reflected 
the  times, — Bache,  the  time  of  the  revival  of  science,  in  the  early  forties  ; 
Hart,  that  of  the  classical  revival,  in  the  decade  before  the  civil  war ; 
Riche",  that  of  the  industrial  revival  which  followed  the  outbreak  of  the 
war  ;  Taylor,  that  of  the  extension  of  the  influence  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  under  Dr.  Pepper ;  and  the  later  Presidents  of  the 
school  the  evident  tendencies  of  our  own  times. 

There  was  eminent  propriety  in  Professor  Edmonds's  writing  a  history 
of  the  Central  High  School.  Himself  a  graduate,  cum  summa  laude,  of 
the  institution  in  1891 ;  an  alumnus  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
at  which  his  career  was  notable  and  most  promising ;  Fellow  in  Political 
Science  at  Cornell  University,  and  soon  afterwards  appointed  professor 
in  this  subject  in  the  Central  High  School,  he  embodies  the  best 
traditions  of  the  institution,  together  with  the  training  which  comes  by 
the  assiduous  pursuit  of  knowledge  under  highly  favorable  conditions. 
The  High  School  is  fortunate  in  its  historian,  and  the  cause  of  sound 
education  has  been  advanced  by  this  excellent  narrative.  The  educa- 
tional institution  of  Philadelphia  which  is  the  theme  of  this  admirable 
volume  will  henceforth  appeal  more  strongly  to  the  loyal  support  of  the 
people  of  the  city  because  its  long  and  instructive  history  has  been  so 
well  written.  T. 


THE 

PENNSYLVANIA    MAGAZINE 

OP 

HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 

o  _  _  ^     .  •    •-••     —  '-•  •-_ -  ^j_ .— ** 

VOL.  XXVI.  1902.  No.  4. 

JOSEPH  GALLOWAY,  THE  LOYALIST  POLITICIAN. 

BY   ERNEST   H.    BALDWIN,    PH.D. 

(Concluded  from  page  321.) 
AUTHOR    OF    PLAN    OF    UNION. 

The  idea  of  a  plan  of  union  between  England  and 
America  was  not  a  new  one  in  1774.  Since  1754,  when 
Benjamin  Franklin's  plan  of  colonial  union  was  rejected, 
there  had  been  considerable  interest  and  thought  regarding 
the  subject.  The  Stamp  Act  quarrel  revived  the  discussion, 
and  in  1766  Franklin  considered  such  a  thing  desirable, 
but  thought  the  sending  of  representatives  to  Parliament 
would  be  too  expensive,  and  "  when  we  are  more  able,  we 
shall  be  less  willing  than  we  are  now."  1 

Plans  of  union  had  been  mooted  in  Philadelphia  also. 
In  1770  quite  an  elaborate  one  had  been  printed  and  circu- 
lated as  a  broadside  there.  It  provided  for  proportional 
representation  of  all  the  American  Colonies  and  Ireland  in 
the  British  Parliament,  and  the  creation  of  ten  American 

1  Franklin  to  Evans,  May  9,  1766.  (Bigelow,  "Franklin's  Works," 
Vol.  III.  p.  465.) 

VOL.  xxvi. — 27  417 


418  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

lords.1  Although  Mr.  Galloway  was  in  favor  of  sending 
representatives  to  Parliament,  it  is  not  known  that  he  had 
anything  to  do  with  this  proposition.2 

In  July,  1774,  Thomas  Wharton,  a  prominent  Quaker, 
wrote  Thomas  Walpole  that  a  plan  of  union  was  being  con- 
sidered among  Philadelphians,  and  would  engage  the  atten- 
tion of  the  coming  Congress.3  That  Mr.  Galloway  was  in- 
terested in  these  discussions  and  participated  in  them  IB 
very  probable,  for  Wharton  was  an  intimate  friend. 

Mr.  Galloway's  plan  for  a  constitutional  union,  which  he 
presented  to  the  first  Continental  Congress,  contained  a 
prefatory  resolution  couched  in  the  most  respectful,  loyal, 
and  lucid  language : 

"  Resolved,  That  this  Congress  will  apply  to  his  Majesty  for  a  redress 
of  grievances  under  which  his  faithful  subjects  in  America  labor,  and 
assure  him,  that  the  colonies  hold  in  abhorrence  the  idea  of  being 
considered  independent  communities  on  the  British  government,  and 
most  ardently  desire  the  establishment  of  a  political  union  not  only 
among  themselves,  but  with  the  mother  state,  upon  those  principles  of 
safety  and  freedom  which  are  essential  in  the  constitution  of  all  free 
governments,  and  particularly  that  of  the  British  Legislature.  And  as 
the  colonies  from  their  local  circumstances  cannot  be  represented  in  the 
Parliament  of  Great  Britain,  they  will  humbly  propose  to  his  Majesty, 
and  his  two  houses  of  Parliament,  the  following  plan,  under  which  the 
strength  of  the  whole  empire  may  be  drawn  together  on  any  emergency  ; 
the  interests  of  both  countries  advanced ;  and  the  rights  and  liberties  of 
America  secured." 

The  plan  itself  provided  for  a  union  of  Great  Britain  and 
the  thirteen  American  Colonies  by  means  of  a  British 

1  Etting  Collection,  Library  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 
It  is  interesting  to  note  the  relative  importance  of  each  Colony  in  this 
plan  :  Massachusetts,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  South  Carolina,  and  Ja- 
maica were  to  have  four  representatives  each  ;  New  York,  Maryland,  and 
Canada,   three  each  ;    Connecticut  and  New  Jersey,   two  each ;   New 
Hampshire,   Nova  Scotia,    Rhode   Island,    Delaware,   Georgia,   North 
Carolina,  West  Florida,  and  East  Florida,  one  each. 

2  William  Franklin  to  Galloway,  March  12,  1775. 
8Still4,  "Dickinson,"  Vol.  I.  p.  115. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  419 

American  Legislature  consisting  of  a  President>General  and 
Grand  Council,  forming  an  inferior  branch  of  the  British 
Parliament  and  incorporated  with  it. 

This  Legislature,  so  constituted,  was  to  regulate  "  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  general  affairs  of  America;"  but  under 
this  arrangement  each  Colony  was  to  retain  its  existing 
"  constitution  and  powers  of  regulating  and  governing  its 
own  internal  police  in  all  cases  whatever." 

The  President-General  was  to  be  appointed  by,  and  hold 
office  during  the  pleasure  of,  the  King.  It  was  to  be  his 
duty  to  execute  the  laws,  to  call  the  Grand  Council  the  first 
time  "  as  soon  as  convenient  after  his  appointment,"  and 
afterwards  on  such  occasions  as  emergency  might  require  ; 
his  assent  was  to  be  requisite  to  all  acts  of  the  Grand  Coun- 
cil ;  and  he  was,  "  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  Grand  Council,  to  hold  and  exercise  all  the  legislative 
rights,  powers,  and  authorities,  necessary  for  regulating  and 
administering  all  the  general  police  and  affairs  of  the  colo- 
nies, in  which  Great  Britain  and  the  colonies,  or  any  ot 
them,  the  colonies  in  general,  or  more  than  one  colony,  are 
in  any  manner  concerned,  as  well  civil  and  criminal,  as 
commercial." 

The  Grand  Council  was  to  consist  of  representatives 
chosen  by  the  Colonial  Assemblies  once  in  every  three 
years ;  representation  was  to  be  proportional,  although  the 
proportions  were  not  stated;  vacancies  by  death,  removal, 
or  resignation  were  to  be  filled  by  a  new  choice  at  the  next 
sitting  of  the  Assembly  in  the  Colony  affected ;  the  place  of 
meeting  was  to  be  determined  later ;  the  first  meeting  was 
to  be  at  the  call  of  the  President-General,  the  times  and 
places  of  subsequent  meetings  subject  to  the  will  of  the 
Council  or  the  call  of  the  President-General;  but  meetings 
were  to  be  held  yearly  if  it  should  be  thought  necessary, 
and  oftener  if  occasions  required;  it  was  to  choose  its  own 
Speaker,  and  to  "hold  and  exercise  all  the  like  righte, 
liberties,  and  privileges  as  are  held  and  exercised  by  and  in 
the  House  of  Commons  of  Great  Britain."  With  the 


420  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

President-General,  it* was  to  share  legislative  rights  and  be 
"  an  inferior  and  distinct  branch  of  the  British  Legislature, 
united  and  incorporated  with  it  for  the  aforesaid  general 
purposes." 

Acts  might  "  originate  and  be  formed  and  digested"  in 
either  the  Parliament  of  Great  Britain  or  the  Grand  Coun- 
cil ;  but  such  acts  must  be  agreed  to  by  both  bodies  to  be 
valid ;  one  exception  was  made  to  this, — namely,  that  "  in 
time  of  war,  all  bills  for  granting  aids  to  the  Crown,  pre- 
pared by  the  Grand  Council,  and  approved  by  the  Presi- 
dent^General,"  should  be  valid  and  "  passed  into  a  law  with- 
out the  assent  of  the  British  Parliament." 

Mr.  Galloway's  object  in  proposing  this  plan  was  "  to  pre- 
vail on  the  Congress  to  take  the  ground  of  accommodation, 
and  to  avoid  that  of  arms ;  and  therefore,  in  forming  the 
plan,  I  omitted  several  things  that  I  thought  might  obstruct 
their  taking  that  ground.  I  do  not,  therefore,  propose  it  as 
a  perfect  plan,  nor  altogether  as  a  plan  of  my  judgment. 
The  reason  why  the  plan  was  not  altogether  to  my  judgment 
was,  because  I  thought  it  would  admit  of  some  very  material 
additions,  and  not  that  I  disapproved  of  the  plan  as  far  as  it 
went."  l 

What  additions  Mr.  Galloway  meant  is  indicated  in  a 
letter  to  Governor  Franklin.  Franklin  had  objected  to  the 
plan  as  deficient  in  not  having  an  Upper  House,  consisting 
of  some  of  the  principal  men  of  fortune  in  each  Colony 
holding  office  for  life.2  Mr.  Galloway  replied,— 

4 '  Your  sentiments  and  mine  are  not  different  respecting  the  proper 
union  with  Great  Britain,  nor  respecting  the  addition  to  my  proposed 
plan.  I  thought  of  it  at  the  time,  but  omitted  it  because  I  knew  the 
plan  would  be  less  exceptionable  to  those  democratic  spirits  to  whom 
it  was  to  be  proposed  and  by  whom  it  was  to  be  adopted  in  the  first 
instance,  and  because  I  thought  it  might  be  added  in  the  negotiation. 
The  great  end  I  had  in  view  in  offering  the  Plan  I  have  often  before 


1  Examination,  p.  47. 

8  Franklin  to  Galloway,  March  12,  1775.     (New  Jersey  Archives,  Vol. 


X.  p.  578.) 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  421 

told  you  was  to  prevail  on  the  Congress  to  take  the  ground  of  negotia- 
tion and  proposition."  l 

An  examination  of  the  document  itself  will  show  how 
carefully  Mr.  Galloway  kept  this  aim  in  view  in  its  prepara- 
tion. The  brevity  of  it,  in  comparison  with  similar  con- 
temporary plans,  shows  it  to  have  been  intended  as  a  merely 
suggestive  outline  of  a  design  which  would  necessarily 
be  elaborated  and  perfected  later.  It  offered  as  few  points 
for  attack  as  possible.  This  is  evidenced  by  its  omissions. 
The  place  of  meeting  and  the  number  of  representatives, 
with  their  qualifications,  privileges,  and  salaries,  were  not 
stated,  all  of  which  subjects  would  have  caused  contention. 
Methods  of  taxation  and  regulations  for  money  issues  and 
military  levies  were  not  mentioned.  Such  questions  would 
have  provoked  strife  and  endangered  the  success  of  the 
whole  project. 

It  was  designed  rather  to  win  the  approval  and  support 
of  both  sides.  The  guarantee  of  the  existing  Colonial 
governments  with  the  rights  of  internal  regulation  would 
attract  the  Colonies.  The  right  of  the  Grand  Council  to 
choose  its  Speaker  and  meet  and  adjourn  at  pleasure,  with- 
out which  neither  Pennsylvania  nor  Mr.  Galloway  himself 
would  have  been  content,  was  one  which  was  essential  to 
any  plan  designed  to  meet  the  acceptance  of  the  Colonies. 

Provisions  framed  to  secure  the  royal  assent  included  the 
right  of  the  King  to  appoint  the  PresidenkGeneral,  the 
right  of  veto  by  the  British  Parliament,  and  the  last  clause 
enabling  the  Colonies  to  grant  aids  promptly  and  at  will. 

No  plan  of  union  was  likely  to  find  general  favor  either 
in  England  or  America  at  that  time.  Had  the  Colonies 
adopted  such  a  policy  it  is  very  doubtful  if  the  obstinacy  of 
George  III.  or  the  stupidity  of  his  ministry  would  have 
allowed  its  consummation.2  Could  such  a  union  have  been 

1  Galloway  to  Franklin,  March  26,  1775.     (New  Jersey  Archives,  Vol. 

X.  p.  585.) 

»  This  is  opposed  to  the  view  of  W.  W.  Henry.    ("Patrick  Henry," 

Vol.  I.  pp.  229,  230.) 


422  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

effected  at  that  perioci,  however,  and  been  maintained  until 
the  invention  of  steam  navigation  and  the  telegraph,  the  two 
great  English-speaking  nations  would  probably  have  been 
united  politically  to-day. 

It  has  been  alleged  that  Mr.  Galloway  proposed  his  plan 
of  union  in  SECRET  concert  with  the  Governor  of  New  Jersey 
and  Governor  Golden,  of  New  York.1  Whether  this  asser- 
tion has  any  foundation  in  fact  may  be  judged  from  an  ex- 
amination of  the  correspondence  of  those  concerned.  The 
correspondence  of  Governor  Franklin  indicates  that  he  did 
know  that  Mr.  Galloway  intended  to  introduce  a  plan  into 
the  Congress,  but  he  did  not  know  what  it  was.  In  a  letter 
to  Lord  Dartmouth  dated  September  6,  and  already  quoted 
above,2  he  said  that  Mr.  Galloway  did  so  intend,  and  that 
"  the  principal  part  of  his  plan,  as  I  am  told,  is  the  making 
application  for  leave  to  send  representatives  from  each 
colony  in  America  to  the  Parliament  in  Great  Britain." 
But  that  was  not  the  plan !  And  when  Franklin  did  see  it 
he  did  not  like  it,  and  wrote  to  Mr.  Galloway  his  objections.3 

That  Governor  Golden  did  not  know  of  the  plan  is  cer- 
tainly implied  in  a  letter  he  wrote  to  Lord  Dartmouth,  De- 
cember 7,  1774.  He  said  that  Mr.  Galloway  had  just  been 
to  New  York  on  a  visit.  "  He  furnished  me  with  heads  of 
a  plan  for  a  government  of  the  colonies  proposed  by  him  to 
the  Congress." 4  There  is  no  evidence  that  Mr.  Galloway 
had  had  any  correspondence  with  Governor  Col  den. 

In  connection  with  the  formation  of  his  plan,  and  in 
order  to  "  prepare  the  minds  of  the  people  for  it,  and  put 
them  in  a  proper  train  of  thinking  on  the  subject,"  Mr. 
Galloway  wrote  a  pamphlet  entitled  "  Arguments  on  Both 
Sides  in  the  Dispute  between  Great  Britain  and  her  Colo- 
nies." 5  Although  this  was  printed,  it  seems  never  to  have 

1  Bancroft,  "  History  of  the  United  States,"  Vol.  IV.  pp.  69,  70. 

3  Page  74.  3  Vide  p.  82. 

4  "  Documents  Relating  to  Colonial  History  of  New  York,"  Vol. 
VIII.  p.  513. 

6  New  Jersey  Archives,  Vol.  X.  p.  474. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  423 

been  distributed.  It  is  not  unlikely  that  he  judged  the 
temper  of  the  independents  to  be  such  that  its  publication 
would  serve  merely  to  arouse  opposition  and  defeat  his  plan 
before  it  could  receive  a  fair  hearing  in  the  Congress.1 

John  Henry's  remonstrance  against  the  plan  of  union  in 
Congress  has  been  mentioned.  But  the  two  chief  objec- 
tions raised  there  were  answered  by  Mr.  Galloway  in  his 
"  Candid  Examination."  The  first,  that  "  the  delegates 
were  not  authorized  to  consent  to  a  political  union  between 
the  two  countries,"  was  replied  to  by  quoting  the  instruc- 
tions of  the  delegates  which  gave  such  authority  or  none. 
The  second,  that  it  deprived  the  Colonial  legislatures  of  a 
part  of  their  rights,  was  answered  by  showing  that  their 
rights  were  not  only  not  abridged  but  extended ;  that  they 
received  a  new  jurisdiction  to  decide  upon  regulations  which 
related  to  the  general  affairs  of  the  Colonies. 

The  plan  was  "  so  formed  as  to  leave  no  room  for  any 
reasonable  objection  on  the  part  of  the  republicans  if  they 
meant  to  be  united  to  Great  Britain  on  any  grounds  what- 
ever. It  included  a  restoration  of  all  their  rights,  and  a 
redress  of  all  their  grievances,  on  constitutional  principles; 
and  it  accorded  with  all  the  instructions  given  to  them  as 
members  of  the  Congress." : 

Among  the  comments  made  upon  Mr.  Galloway's  plan 
after  the  meeting  of  the  Congress,  by  friends  who  were  able 
to  secure  a  copy  of  it,  that  of  Benjamin  Franklin  is  inter- 
esting. In  a  long  letter  to  Mr.  Galloway,  dated  February 
25,  1775,  he  recounts  the  preliminary  steps  which,  in  his 
opinion,  would  be  necessary  before  any  plan  could  be 
adopted.  Among  these  steps  was  the  repeal  of  the  ob- 
noxious acts  of  Parliament  then  in  force.  But  his  objections 
concerned  not  the  details  of  the  plan,  but  the  idea  itself: 

1  New  Jersey  Archives,  Vol.  X.  p.  474. 

2  "Historical  and  Political  Reflections."     Mr.  Galloway  was  charged 
with  having  an  ambition  to  be  an  office-holder  in  the  new  government. 
It  is  difficult  to  see  why  that,  even  if  true,  was  any  objection  to  the 
plan. 


424  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

"  I  have  not  heard  whafr  objections  were  made  to  the  plan  .  .  .  nor 
would  I  make  more  than  this  one,  that  when  I  consider  the  extreme 
corruption  prevalent  among  all  orders  of  men  in  this  old  rotten  state, 
and  the  glorious  public  virtue  so  predominant  in  our  rising  country 
I  cannot  but  apprehend  more  mischief  than  benefit  from  a  closer 


The  publication  of  the  "  Candid  Examination"  early  in 
1775,  containing  the  plan  of  union,  caused  much  bitter 
criticism,  aimed  rather  at  the  author  than  his  plan.  The 
Pennsylvania  Journal  published  Franklin's  Albany  Plan, 
calling  attention  to  its  strong  resemblance  to  that  of  Mr. 
Galloway,  and  desiring  thus  to  "  take  the  child  from  its 
putative  and  restore  it  to  its  real  parents."  2  This  was  an- 
swered in  the  Pennsylvania  Gazette  for  April  26,  1775,  by 
pointing  out  the  essential  differences  between  the  two  plans  : 
The  plan  of  1754  provided  for  a  union  of  the  Colonies  only, 
that  of  1774  for  a  union  of  the  Colonies  and  Great  Britain; 
the  former  provided  for  an  inferior  legislature  without  con- 
nection with  the  British  Legislature,  the  latter,  just  the 
opposite  ;  the  former  made  acts  subject  to  the  King's  veto, 
the  latter  to  that  of  Parliament;  the  former  left  the  legisla- 
ture subordinate,  the  latter  on  an  equality  with  the  British 
Parliament;  and,  finally,  the  plan  of  1754  left  American 
rights  unrestored,  while  that  of  1774  restored  them.  The 
writer  then  stated  that  Mr.  Galloway  carried  the  plan  of 
1754  into  the  Congress  for  comparison  and  in  order  to  have 
improvements  made.3 

The  knowledge  of  these  attacks  upon  Mr.  Galloway  and 
his  plan  rather  pleased  the  British  courtiers,  for  they  con- 
sidered them  a  confirmation  of  their  belief  that  the  Colonies 
were  weak  and  divided.4 

1  Bigelow,  "Franklin's  Works,"  Vol.  V.  p.  435. 

2  No.  1687. 

3  "Among  Mr.  Duane's  papers  is  found  a  copy  of  Franklin's  plan  of 
1754,  with  an  endorsement  that  it  was  offered  to  the  Congress  Septem- 
ber 28th,  by  Mr.  Galloway.   .    .    ."     (Documentary  Hist,  of  N.    Y., 
Vol.  IV.  1072.) 

4  Samuel  Wharton  to  Benjamin  Franklin. 


Joseph  Galloivay,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  425 

Mr.  Galloway's  failure  to  secure  the  adoption  of  his  plan 
of  union  by  the  first  Continental  Congress  did  not  cause  him 
to  abandon  the  hope  that  at  a  future  time  it  might  find  favor. 
In  his  examination  before  the  Parliamentary  Commission 
in  1779  he  presented  the  plan,  and  referred  to  it  as  though 
still  a  factor  in  the  dispute  between  the  two  countries. 
And  later  his  interest  in  such  schemes  was  not  destroyed. 
Even  after  the  thirteen  Colonies  were  acknowledged  free 
and  independent,  he  prepared  a  plan  of  union  for  those  left 
to  the  British  Crown.  This  is  of  interest  as  indicating  the 
growth  of  the  conviction  in  his  mind  that  the  predominance 
of  the  royal  power  was  necessary  in  Colonial  administration. 
The  Governor-General,  in  this  plan,  was  given  almost  un- 
limited power  over  the  Colonial  governors,  militia,  and 
laws.  All  ofiicers,  civil  and  military,  heads  of  colleges, 
students,  and  lawyers  were  to  take  an  oath  to  obey  the  laws 
of  Parliament.  This  oath  was  to  be  expressed  "  in  as  strong 
terms  as  the  English  language  can  furnish."  Town  meet- 
ings were  to  be  greatly  restricted  in  their  privileges ;  and 
"  in  all  colleges  and  other  public  seminaries  of  learning 
caution  ought  to  be  taken  to  prevent  the  principal  trusts 
being  lodged  in  the  hands  of  gentlemen  whose  religious 
tenets  point  them  decidedly  to  republicanism."  We  could 
not  find  a  more  characteristic  illustration  of  Mr.  Galloway's 
political  principles  than  this. 


TORY    SUSPECT. 

The  conduct  of  Mr.  Galloway  after  the  close  of  the 
Continental  Congress  was  both  courageous  and  consistent. 
After  a  journey  to  New  York,  where  he  visited  Yonkers 
and  Long  Island,  he  returned  to  his  country-seat,  Trevose, 
the  first  week  in  December,  1774.2  But  before  he  could 
return  to  Philadelphia  and  take  his  seat  in  the  Assembly, 

1  MS.  in  the  Library  of  Congress. 

2  Galloway  to  Verplanck,  December  7,  1774,   and  April  1,  1775. 

.  MAG.,  Vol.  XXI.  p.  477.) 


42(5  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

that  body,  under  the  leadership  or  John  Dickinson,  had 
ratified  the  acts  of  the  Congress.1  Mr.  Galloway  entirely 
disapproved  of  this,  however,  and  when,  a  few  days  later, 
they  reappointed  him  a  delegate  to  the  next  Congress,  he 
protested,  but  in  vain. 

"  That  I  might  not  appear  to  undertake  the  execution  of 
measures  which  my  judgment  and  conscience  disapproved 
I  could  not  serve  them  as  a  delegate  at  the  ensuing  Con- 
gress. And  yet  I  could  not  prevail  in  persuading  them  to 
a  new  appointment  in  my  stead."  2 

It  was  hoped  that  he  would  change  his  mind  before  the 
next  session,  however,  and  even  Mr.  Dickinson  sought  to 
obtain  his  consent,  fearing  his  refusal  would  have  a  bad 
effect  on  the  public  cause.3  But  there  was  little  likelihood 
of  this. 

During  the  recess  of  the  Assembly,  through  January 
of  1775,  though  in  very  poor  health,  he  was  busily  en- 
gaged in  writing  his  "  Candid  Examination,"  which  was 
published  about  the  first  of  March,  1775.4 

This  pamphlet,  which  is  the  most  well  known  of  all  his 
pamphlets,  contained  a  very  clear  exposition  of  the  nature 
and  necessity  of  the  supreme  authority  of  Parliament  over 
the  Colonies.  It  criticised  very  severely  the  acts  of  the 
late  Congress,  and  made  it  very  evident  that  its  author 
would  not  have  anything  further  to  do  with  such  assem- 
blages. An  attack  upon  this  pamphlet,  entitled  "  An  Ad- 
dress to  the  Author  of  the  4  Candid  Examination/  "  was 
soon  issued,  for  which  Dickinson  was  in  part  responsible. 
This  was  in  turn  answered  by  Mr.  Galloway  in  a  "  Reply." 

1  Votes  of  Assembly,   December,   1774.     Mr.  Galloway  took  his  seat 
and  qualified  as  a  member  December  13.     The  acts  of  Congress  had 
been  ratified  on  the  10th. 

2  Galloway  to  Verplanck,  January  14,  1775.     (PENNA.  MAG.,  Vol. 
XXI.  p.  477.) 

3  Eeed  to  Pettit,  January  14,  1775.    (Reed,  "  Life  of  President  Keed," 
Vol.  I.  p.  91.) 

4  Galloway  to  Verplanck,  February  14,  1775.     (PENNA.  MAG.,  Vol. 
XXI.  p.  480.) 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  427 

All  this  served  to  aggravate  the  growing  hostility  of  the 
independents  towards  him, — hostility  which  had  been 
thoroughly  aroused  by  his  conduct  in  the  session  of  the 
Assembly  which  reconvened  in  February,  1775. 

Mr.  Galloway  was  pleased  to  think  that  the  situation  was 
rapidly  improving  at  the  beginning  of  1775,  and  that  the 
people  of  Pennsylvania  were  "altering  their  sentiments 
and  conduct." 

"  We  have  been  successful  in  baffling  all. the  attempts  of  the  violent 
party  to  prevail  on  the  people  to  prepare  for  war  against  the  mother 
country.  ...  I  hope  ...  all  violence  will  soon  cease  and  peace  and 
order  take  place  of  licentiousness  and  sedition.  The  Tories  (as  they  are 
called)  make  it  a  point  to  visit  the  Coffee  House  dayly  and  maintain 
their  ground,  while  the  violent  independents  are  less  bold  and  insolent, 
as  their  adherents  are  greatly  diminished. "  x 

It  is  probable  that  at  one  of  these  meetings  occurred  the 
incident  related  in  "  Notes  and  Queries,"  Vol.  II.  p.  351. 

"  In  1775  several  Paxtang  men  were  in  Philadelphia,  One  of  them, 
who  belonged  to  that  vilified  class  of  ten  years  previous,  the  '  Paxtang 
Boys/  denounced,  in  the  presence  of  Mr.  Galloway  and  other  gentlemen 
whose  loyalist  sympathies  were  pronounced,  those  opposed  to  resistance 
to  English  oppressions  as  Tories :  One  of  the  latter  asked,  *  Pray  sir, 
what  is  a  Tory?*  'A  Tory,'  promptly  replied  the  patriot,  'is  a  thing 
whose  head  is  in  England  and  its  body  in  America  and  its  neck  ought 
to  be  stretched."' 

The  Governor  had  sent  a  message  to  the  Assembly  ac- 
quainting them  with  the  King's  expressed  desire  that  the 
dispute  between  the  two  countries  might  be  accommodated, 
and  had  suggested  the  passage  of  a  suitable  petition  to  his 
Majesty.  Such  action,  independent  of  the  Congress,  was 
not  agreeable  to  the  independents;  but  Mr.  Galloway 
strove  to  induce  the  Assembly  to  adopt  that  policy.  The 
account  of  his  efforts  and  of  the  proceedings  of  the  As- 
sembly was  given  by  Mr.  Galloway  in  letters  to  Governor 
Franklin. 

1  Galloway  to  Governor  Franklin,  February  28,  1775.  (Pennsylvania 
Archives,  Vol.  X.  p.  573.) 


428  '  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

"On  Thursday  and  Friday  last,  determined  to  abide  the  consequences, 
whatever  they  might  be  either  in  respect  to  my  person  or  estate,  I 
spoke  my  sentiments  in  Assembly  without  the  least  reserve.  I  censured 
and  condemned  the  measures  of  the  Congress  in  every  thing — averred 
that  they  all  tended  to  incite  America  to  sedition  and  terminated  in 
independence. 

' '  I  stood  single  and  unsupported,  among  a  set  of  men  every  one  of 
whom  had  approved  of  the  measures  I  was  censuring,  reprobating  their 
own  conduct  to  them,  and  endeavoring  by  cool  and  dispassionate  reason 
and  argument  to  convince  them  of  their  errors.  The  opposition  as  I 
expected  was  violent  and  indecent.  I  kept  my  temper  unruffled  and 
firm  which  gave  me  no  small  advantage.  .  .  .  The  motion  was  to  peti- 
tion the  King  agreeably  to  the  Governor's  advice  in  his  message.  .  .  . 
The  success  my  arguments  met  with  greatly  exceeded  my  most  sanguine 
expectations.  Fourteen  members  came  over  to  me,  but  there  being 
38  in  the  house  and  finding  I  should  lose  the  vote  without  4  more  con- 
verts, I  was  obliged  to  alter  my  plan,  and  to  move  to  postpone  the 
debate  until  next  Wednesday  week  hoping  that  procrastination  and  news 
by  the  next  packet  might  assist  me.  My  design  being  suspected  a 
warm  opposition  succeeded — however  we  carried  the  question  19  for  it 
18  against  it.  ... 

'  *  On  the  Saturday  before  the  day  of  the  further  debate  the  inde- 
pendent party  despairing  of  success  in  preventing  a  petition  to  his 
Majesty,  moved  that  the  doors  should  be  thrown  open  and  the  mob  let 
in  upon  me.  I  was  secretly  advertised  of  this  design  and  had  spoke  to 
a  number  of  friends  to  be  there  in  case  the  motion  should  succeed, 
being  determined  it  should  have  no  other  effect  but  to  prepare  myself 
better  and  to  speak  with  more  firmness  and  more  fully  upon  the  meas- 
ures of  the  Congress.  However  upon  debating  the  motion  we  carried 
it  in  the  negative  24  to  14.1  This  was  an  humiliating  blow  to  my 
opponents.  I  had  hitherto  carried  every  question  and  constantly  by  an 
increased  majority  and  yet  altho'  I  had  brought  a  number  of  the  mem- 
bers (not  less  than  16  out  of  39)  to  petition  upon  proper  grounds  I 
found  it  impossible  as  there  were  very  little  hopes  of  gaining  4 
more.  .  .  .  ' 

He  therefore  changed  his  ground  and  determined  to  se- 
cure an  adjournment  to  a  later  day,  thinking  that  a  change 
would  come  over  the  sentiments  of  the  people. 

' '  Under  this  resolution,  I  went  to  the  House  on  the  day  appointed 
for  the  debate ;  and  proposed  4  heads  as  the  substance  of  an  address 


1  Votes  of  Assembly,  March  4,  1775.     But  the  vote  is  there  recorded 
18  to  13. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  429 

to  the  Governor's  message,  the  three  first,  after  violent  opposition  were 
at  length  unanimously  (!)  agreed  to— the  4th  in  which  I  had  men- 
tioned the  adjournment  produced  a  long  and  warm  debate,  the  inde- 
pendents opposing  any  adjournment  till  after  the  sitting  of  the  Congress. 
Upon  this  the  question  was  put  and  we  carried  it  in  the  affirmative 
24  to  14.  Thus  my  great  point  was  gained  which  did  not  a  little 
distress  the  other  party — and  upon  this  a  committee  was  appointed 
to  bring  in  an  answer  to  the  Governor's  message  founded  on  my 
propositions  with  only  an  amendment  proposed  by  Mr.  Dickinson  to 
the  fourth.  When  the  House  adjourned  Dickinson  came  to  me  and 
agreed  that  I  should  reduce  the  answer  to  form  and  bring  it  in  the  next 
morning.  This  I  engaged  to  do.  But  I  should  here  inform  you,  that 
the  Speaker  acted  the  most  shameful  and  particular  part  in  the  appoint- 
ment of  the  committee,  taking  12  of  the  14  negatives  and  only  two 
of  the  24  affirmatives  for  the  adjournment — i.e.  12  of  one  side  and  only 
2  of  the  other — I  saw  the  partiality,  but  as  things  seemed  to  be 
settled,  and  not  suspecting  the  dirty  manoeuvre  which  followed,  I  disre- 
garded it. 

"  At  this  unlucky  moment  a  ship  from  Bristol  arrived  and  brought 
those  partial  and  fictitious  accounts  published  in  the  papers — the  inde- 
pendents sounded  it  through  all  the  streets  in  the  city  that  all  the  acts 
must  be  repealed,  that  the  measures  of  the  Congress  were  the  measures 
of  consummate  wisdom  etc.  etc.  This  gave  rise  to  one  of  the  most  dirty 
and  scandalous  measures  which  ever  was  transacted  in  public  life.  In 
my  absence  and  while  I  was  engaged  in  drawing  up  the  answer — the 
committee  met — Thompson  and  Koss  and  I  suspect  with  the  privity  of 
Dickinson,  had  previously  drawn  up  the  message  you  see  published — 
this  was  laid  before  the  committee  of  independents  where  it  was  resolved 
that  that  message  should  be  considered  without  sending  for  me.  It  was 
agreed  to,  carried  into  the  House,  read  the  first  time  and  moved  to  have 
a  2nd  and  final  reading — this  was  opposed  by  my  friends  but  they  had 
not  brass  enough  to  insist  upon  it.  In  the  evening  I  was  informed  that 
a  member  of  the  committee  had  bragged  how  the  committee  had  de- 
ceived, or  to  use  his  own  expression,  flung  Galloway. 

"On  the  next  morning  I  moved  that  the  answer  should  be  recom- 
mitted and  after  giving  a  short  account  of  the  facts — I  assigned  as 
reasons  1st  that  the  committee  had  acted  a  dishonorable,  disingenuous 
dirty  and  fraudulent  part,  one  unbecoming  men  in  public  character — 
that  they  had  by  art  and  fraud  deprived  me  of  the  privilege  of  voting  in 
the  committee.  That  they  knew  I  was  absent  on  my  duty  to  the  House 
on  the  very  business  before  them  and  that  if  they  did  not  choose  I 
should  do  it,  they  should  at  least  have  sent  for  me  etc.  2nd  that  they 
had  treated  the  House  with  insolent  disregard  and  disobedience :  for 
that  they  had  not  inserted  in  the  answer  either  sentiment  or  word  of 


430  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

what  was  yesterday  unanimously  agreed  upon.  3rdly,  that  it  contained 
palpable  untruths.  To  these  I  added  many  other  arguments  but  all 
was  in  vain.  This  was  not  a  time  when  reason  was  to  prevail — the 
great  news  of  yesterday  had  altered  the  minds  of  some  of  the  weak  and 
irresolute  of  the  Chester  and  Philadelphia  members  and  upon  the  ques- 
tion they  carried  it  against  the  commitment  20  to  16.  The  answer 
went  through  the  House,  I  opposed  it  in  eveiy  stage — and  upon  the 
question  whether  it  should  be  transcribed  it  was  carried  22  to  14 — and 
in  order  to  show  that  the  House  was  divided — which  they  much  dreaded 
— I  insisted  upon  the  yeas  and  nays  to  be  taken  down  and  published  as 
you  have  seen.  The  House  stands  adjourned  to  the  first  of  May. 

' '  I  intimated  before,  that  I  had  met  with  insults  during  my  stay  in  the 
city.  Shortly  after  the  two  first  days  debates — late  in  the  evening  a  box 
was  left  at  my  lodgings  nailed  and  directed  to  me.  Upon  opening  it 
next  morning  I  found  in  it  a  Halter  with  a  threatening  letter. l  I  read 
the  letter  and  nailed  up  the  box — locked  it  carefully  in  my  charriott 
box,  determined  not  to  mention  it  to  anybody — as  I  knew  it  would  be 
impossible  that  the  person  sending  it  should  keep  it  long  a  secret  and 
hoping  by  that  means  to  discover  them  ...  it  had  no  other  effect  on 
me  than  to  fix  me  in  my  former  resolutions  to  oppose  those  lawless 
measures  at  all  events."  2 

After  this  experience  in  the  Assembly  Mr.  Galloway  was 
more  determined  than  ever  to  refuse  the  appointment  as 
delegate  to  the  next  Congress.  "  I  am  determined  to  op- 
pose the  appointment  in  our  sitting  in  May,  and  exert  every 
nerve  to  prevent  it." 

His  success  is  thus  recorded : 

' '  Joseph  Galloway,  Esquire,  having  repeatedly  moved  in  Assembly 
to  be  excused  from  serving  as  a  deputy  for  this  Province  in  the  Conti- 
nental Congress,  the  House  this  day  took  his  motion  into  consideration, 
and  do  hereby  agree  to  excuse  him  from  that  service. "  3 


1  The  box  also  contained  an  insurance  policy  that  he  would  not  be 
alive  in  six  days;  and  the  lines  "Hang  yourself  or  we  shall  do  it  for 
you."     (Testimony  before  the  Loyalist  Commission.) 

2  These  letters  were  written  by  Mr.  Galloway  to  Governor  Franklin 
the  latter  part  of  March,  1775,  and  may  be  found  in  the  New  Jersey 
Archives,  Vol.  X.  pp.  579  ff.     Mr.   Galloway's  accounts  of  these  pro- 
ceedings are  somewhat  biassed,  naturally,  but  seem  to  be  true  in  the 
main.     (See  Votes  of  Assembly.) 

3  Votes  of  Assembly,  May  12,  1775. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  431 

This  vote  of  the  Pennsylvania  Assembly  (brief,  yet  frill 
of  significance)  marked  the  close  of  Joseph  Galloway's 
active  political  career  in  that  Province.  And  on  the  same 
day,  "  owing  to  false  reports  industriously  propagated  with 
the  malicious  design  of  injuring  his  character,  charging 
him  with  having  written  letters  to  the  Ministry,  inimical 
to  America,"  he  published  a  broadside  denying  such 
charges :  • 

"Now  in  justice  to  my  own  reputation  and  that  the  good  people 
of  this  province  may  not  be  deceived  by  such  groundless  falsehoods,  I 
do  declare  that  these  reports  are  malicious  and  without  the  least  founda- 
tion ;  and  that  however  easy  it  might  have  been  to  establish  a  cor- 
respondence with  administration,  was  I  capable  of  entertaining  a 
thought  inimical  to  the  country  where  all  I  hold  dear  and  valuable  is 
fixt,  and  where  I  am  determined  to  spend  the  remainder  of  life,  yet 
I  have,  neither  directly  nor  indirectly,  any  such  correspondence,  nor 
ever  wrote  a  sentiment  to  any  man  in  Great  Britain  injurious  to  the 
rights  and  freedom  of  America,  nor  ever  recommended  any  measure 
whatever  to  be  persued  in  respect  to  the  present  dispute  between  the 
two  countries.  .  .  . 

"  All  that  I  have  to  request  of  my  countrymen  on  this  or  the  like 
occasions  is,  that  they  will  deal  with  so  much  candor  and  justice 
towards  me,  as  to  discredit  any  malevolent  reports  until  the  authors 
shall  exhibit  some  proof  in  support  of  their  charges,  and  this  I  think 
no  good  man  will  think  unreasonable,  as  he  cannot  but  be  aware  that 
the  most  innocent  may  be  condemned  unless  this  great  rule  of  justice  be 
observed."1  "Joseph  Galloway,  Trevose,  May  12,  1775." 

Poor  health  was  one  motive  which  induced  Mr.  Galloway 
to  retire  from  "  the  distressing  and  ungrateful  drudgery  of 
public  life," 2  and  the  freedom  from  such  cares  apparently 
conduced  to  his  recovery  : 

"As  to  myself  I  grow  fat  and  more  hearty  than  I  have  been 
during  the  last  ten  years.  Retirement  to  a  like  scene  to  that  in  which 
you  are  now  engaged  in  and  a  consciousness  of  having  acted  my  part 
in  it  with  firmness  and  integrity  towards  both  countries,  whose 


1  Pennsylvania  Gazette,  May  17,  1775. 

2  Galloway  to  Verplanck,   June  24,  1775.     (PENNA.    MAG.,  Vol. 
XXI.  p.  483.) 


432  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

interest  is  inseparable,  as*  long  as  there  remained  the  least  prospect  of 
my  doing  service  and  my  own  safety  would  permit,  have  greatly  con- 
tributed to  restore  my  health  beyond  my  most  sanguine  expectations, 
and  however  I  may  differ  with  many  respecting  the  mode  of  redress  and 
the  means  of  accommodating  the  unhappy  differences  between  them,  and 
preventing  the  effusion  of  human  blood,  of  which  the  prospect  daily 
grows  more  distressing  yet  I  shall  be  happy  to  find  in  the  unforeseen 
events  of  things  that  I  have  been  mistaken  and  others  in  the  right. 
Hitherto  in  this  respect,  I  own  I  have  been  unfortunate,  as  any  im- 
portant incident  tends  to  prove,  that  we  are  on  the  brink  of  a  precipice 
'  big  with  the  fate  of  America.'  "  l 

From  the  summer  of  1775  until  December,  1776,  Mr. 
Galloway  remained  at  his  country  home,  subjected  to  con- 
tinually increasing  insults  and  attempted  violences.2  It  was 
during  this  time  that  Benjamin  Franklin  tried  in  vain  to 
induce  his  loyalist  friend  to  join  the  cause  of  independence, 
even  offering  to  give  security  for  his  personal  safety.3  And 
there  is  reason  to  believe  that  Mr.  Galloway  at  one  time 
during  this  period  did  outwardly  espouse  the  patriot  side, 
possibly  as  a  measure  of  personal  safety;  but  when  the 
British  forces  began  to  arrive  in  America  and  occupied 
New  York,  and  the  cause  of  the  Colonies  seemed  hopeless, 
he  again  conformed  his  actions  to  his  convictions.4 

He  was,  during  the  latter  part  of  his  stay  at  Trevose,  a 
virtual  prisoner  in  his  own  house.  Mobs  visited  him  and 
threatened  to  tar  and  feather  him,  and  were  deterred  only 
by  the  efforts  of  his  friends.  One  of  these  mobs,  composed 
of  drunken  Dutchmen,  planned  to  hang  him.  The  inn- 


1  Galloway  to  Verplanck,  August  17,   1775.     (PENNA.  MAG.,  Vol. 
XXI.  p.  484.) 

2  Testimony  before  the  Loyalist  Commission,  MS.  Library  of  Congress. 

3  "  Hutchinson's  Diary,"  Vol.  II.  p.  237,  and  "Testimony." 

4  Franklin  to  Bache,  Passy,  September  13,  1781.     Franklin  had  left 
some  papers  with  Galloway  when  he  went  abroad  again,  thinking  that  they 
would  be  safe  in  his  house,  which  stood  out  of  the  way  of  the  probable 
inarch  of  troops.     It  was  thought  that  they  were  scattered  and  lost,  as 
the  house  was  later  sacked,  but  his  relatives  found  most  of  them  again. 
See  letter  of  Mrs.  Bache  to  Franklin,  October  22,   1778.     (Letters  to 
Benjamin  Franklin,  1751-1790.) 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  433 

keeper  warned  him,  and  he  escaped  from  his  house  and  did 
not  again  venture  to  sleep  there.1 

With  affairs  in  this  condition,  and  an  order  for  his  arrest 
having  been  made,  news  of  the  approach  of  General  Howe 
through  New  Jersey  was  not  unwelcome  to  Mr.  Galloway. 
Hastily  loading  some  valuables  into  a  wagon,  in  company 
with  several  other  prominent  loyalists,  in  December,  1776, 
he  quitted  his  home  and  made  his  way  to  the  British  camp 
at  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey.2 

1  "Testimony." 

2  Mr.  Galloway's  departure  from  home  is  said  to  have  been  hastened 
by  the  discovery  that  his  only  daughter  was  about  to  elope  with  Judge 
Griffin,  a  prominent  Whig.     (See  Hazard,  Annals,  Vol.  II.  p.  260.) 

Trumbull's  M'Fingal,  Canto  III.,  thus  celebrates  Galloway's  defec- 
tion: 

"  Did  you  not,  in  as  vile  and  shallow  way, 
Fright  our  poor  Philadelphia:!,  Galloway, 
Your  Congress,  when  the  Royal  ribald 
Belied,  berated  and  bescribbled? 
What  ropes  and  halters  did  you  send, 
Terrific  emblems  of  his  end, 
Till,  least  he'd  hang  in  more  than  effigy 
Pled  in  a  fog  the  trembling  refugee?" 

Trumbull  said  that  Galloway  began  by  being  a  flaming  patriot ! 

General  Howe's  proclamation  of  amnesty,  issued  November  30,  was 
the  immediate  cause  of  Mr.  Galloway's  departure  just  at  that  time 
probably.  A  Philadelphia  paper  noticed  his  flight  with  the  following : 

"  Galloway  has  fled  and  joined  the  venal  Howe 
To  prove  his  baseness,  see  him  cringe  and  bow. 
A  traitor  to  his  country  and  its  laws. 
A  friend  to  tyrants  and  their  cursed  cause. 
Unhappy  wretch !    Thy  interest  must  be  sold, 
For  continental,  not  for  polished  gold ; 
To  sink  the  money,  thou  thyself  cried  down, 
And  stabbed  thy  country,  to  support  the  Crown. 
Go  to  and  fro,  like  Lucifer  on  earth, 
And  curse  the  being  that  first  gave  thee  birth ; 
Away  to  Scotland,  and  thyself  prepare, 
Coal-dust  and  brimstone  is  their  only  fare ; 
Fit  materials  for  such  Tory  blood, 
Who  wrong  their  country,  and  deny  their  God ; 
There  herd  with  Bute,  Mansfield,  and  his  brother, 
Bite,  twist,  sting,  and  poison  one  another." 


(Moore's  Diary  of  the  devolution,  Vol.  I.  p.  369.) 
VOL.  XXVI. — 28 


$ 
434  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

* 

TORY. 

To  the  activity  and  prominence  of  Mr.  Galloway  as  a 
Tory  leader  in  the  British  camp  and  later  in  England  are 
due  the  unenviable  place  his  name  has  had  among  the 
characters  of  the  American  Eevolution.  And  yet  the  ex- 
traordinary obloquy  heaped  upon  his  memory,  and  which 
has  served  to  discredit  his  whole  career,  was  undeserved. 
It  is  true  that  he  labored  as  hard,  if  not  harder,  to  defeat 
independence  after  1776  as  he  had  done  before  that  time; 
but  in  this  he  was  not  inconsistent,  certainly.  Arid  how- 
ever much  the  alleged  desire  to  save  his  large  property  may 
have  influenced  him,  a  careful  reading  of  his  correspondence 
and  numerous  pamphlets  leads  to  the  conclusion  that  his 
conduct  was  inspired  mainly  by  the  honest  conviction  that 
his  countrymen  were  absolutely  in  the  wrong  as  to  the 
means  adopted  to  secure  their  true  liberties. 

Mr.  Galloway  was  well  received  by  General  Howe,  and 
remained  with  the  British  army,  acting  in  an  advisory 
capacity.  He  accompanied  it  on  its  retreat  to  New  York, 
early  in  1777,  and  remained  there  until  June.  "I  am  yet 
at  New  York,"  he  wrote  Richard  Jackson,  March  20, 
"  endeavoring  to  be  of  service  to  those  entrusted  with  the 
great  work  of  reclaiming  my  countrymen  from  their  delu- 
sion .  .  .  and  I  have  reason  to  believe  my  information  has 
not  been  entirely  useless  or  unacceptable."  1 

His  confidence  in  the  speedy  success  of  the  British  arms 
was  amazing,  and  he  was  still  pondering  over  some  plan  of 
union  to  settle  the  trouble  between  the  two  countries  when 
the  Colonies  were  subdued.  In  the  same  letter  quoted 
above  he  said,  "  I  am  anxiously  concerned  to  know  what 
will  next  be  done.  That  I  should  be  so,  you  will  not  be 
surprised  when  you  consider,  I  wish  to  conclude  my  days 
here  and  to  leave  my  posterity  and  country  happy  after 
me." 

He  then  spoke  of  the  favorable  opportunity  which  "  the 

1  Stevens,  "Facsimiles,"  No.  2051. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  435 

subjection  of  America  will  offer  to  establish  a  firm  and 
lasting  policy  of  government."  He  traced  the  cause  of  the 
Revolution  to  the  "  religious  principles,"  "  political  tenets," 
"  want  of  civil  discipline,"  and  "  relaxation  in  the  adminis- 
tration of  law,"  which  had  led  to  "want  of  respect  for 
the  supreme  authority."  He  considered  it  fortunate  that 
America  had  rebelled  when  she  did,  for  her  resources 
would  have  been  greater  later,  and  she  would  have  suc- 
ceeded. But  some  policy  to  bind  the  Colonies  to  the 
mother  state  must  now  be  formed  and  by  Parliament 
alone. 

Mr.  Galloway  joined  the  expedition  for  the  capture  of 
Philadelphia  in  June,  1777,  and  advised  General  Howe  to 
take  the  Delaware  instead  of  the  Chesapeake  route.1  He 
rendered  material  services  on  the  way,  securing  horses,  pre- 
paring charts  of  roads,  and  sending  out  spies.2 

After  the  occupation  of  Philadelphia,  Mr.  Galloway  was 
appointed  Superintendent-General  of  Police  and  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Port.  This  made  him  the  civil  governor  of 
the  city,  and,  under  the  direction  of  General  Howe,  he  ad- 
ministered municipal  affairs.  He  made  regulations  govern- 
ing trade  and  markets,  entrance  of  boats  and  vessels,  and 
the  care  of  streets  and  lamps.  He  was  able  to  render  as- 
sistance to  his  old  friends,  especially  in  connection  with 
the  quartering  of  troops,  and  there  is  reason  to  believe 
that  he  did  not  inconvenience  himself  to  lessen  the  dis- 
tress of  old  enemies.3  He  numbered  all  the  inhabitants, 
distinguishing  the  loyal  from  the  disaffected.4  His  duties 

1  Examination.     Jones  ("  History  of  New  York  during  the  Revolu- 
tionary War,"  Vol.  II.  p.  109)  states  just  the  opposite,  but  his  ac- 
count of  Galloway  is  wrong  in  so  many  respecte  that  no  reliance  can  be 
placed  on  it. 

2  "Testimony."     Some  of  these  spies  were  captured  and  hanged. 
("Letters  to  Washington,"  Sparks,  Vol.  I.  p.  363.) 

3  Dunlap's  Lancaster  Paper.    See  Scharf  and  Westcott,  "History  of 
Philadelphia,"  Vol.  I.  p.  360. 

*  "Testimony." 


$ 
436  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

were,  therefore,  of  great  diversity  and  required  constant 
attention.1 

Mr.  Galloway's  acquaintance  with  the  surrounding  country 
and  people  made  his  advice  serviceable  in  all  military  move- 
ments also.  He  was  particularly  useful  in  the  erection  of 
some  batteries  against  Mud  Island  Fort,  and  rendered  its 
capture  more  speedy.2  He  raised  and  disciplined  a  troop 
of  light  horse,  which  did  some  very  effective  service.3 

When  General  Howe  prepared  to  evacuate  Philadelphia, 
in  September,  1778,  he  advised  Mr.  Galloway  to  make  his 
peace  with  the  Americans.  General  Clinton  advised  against 
it,  however,  and  told  him  to  remain  with  the  army,  for 
success  would  attend  the  British  arms  in  the  end.  Mr. 
Galloway  knew  that  it  would  not  be  safe  for  him  to  remain 
in  the  city,  however,  and,  leaving  his  wife  to  look  after 
their  property,  he  retired  with  the  army  and  went  to  New 
York,  taking  his  daughter  with  him. 

During  his  stay  with  the  British  army,  Mr.  Galloway  had 
become  convinced  of  the  incompetence  of  General  Howe 
and  disgusted  with  the  general  administration  of  military 
affairs.  The  failure  to  destroy  the  American  army  (a  "  mis- 
creant troop,"  he  called  it)  encamped  at  Valley  Forge,  and 
the  neglect  and  even  maltreatment  of  the  loyalists  incensed 
him.4 

1  Howe's  proclamation  appointing  Galloway  Superintendent  can  be 
found  in  the  Pennsylvania  Ledger,  December  6,  1777.     The  regulations 
were  also  published  in  the  same  paper  from  time  to  time.     The  pub- 
lished journal  of  Elizabeth  Drinker,  pp.  65,  75,  contains  some  notices  of 
Galloway's  activity  in  the  city. 

2  Captain  Montresor's  testimony  before  the  Loyalist  Commission. 

3  Examination.     Mr.  Galloway  was   commissioned   colonel   July   1, 
1777,  on  the  way  to  Philadelphia.     For  an  account  of  his  services 
during  this  period,  see  the  Examination,  edited  by  Balch,  note  on  p.  72. 
For  all  his  services  he  received  about  five  hundred  pounds.     General 
Howe  testified  that  "  he  was  not  anxious  for  rewards."     At  one  time 
he  had  desired  a  judgeship  (early  in  1774),  if  certain  references  in 
Franklin's  correspondence   are  correctly   interpreted.     As   he   was   a 
wealthy  man  anyway,  he  had  little  desire  for  money  rewards,  naturally. 

*  Stevens,  "  Facsimiles, "  No.  2074. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  437 

With  the  hope  of  inspiring  the  ministry  at  home  with  a 
more  energetic  military  policy,  and  desiring  to  escape  from 
his  own  perilous  situation,  Mr.  Galloway  sailed  from  New 
York  to  England  in  October,  1778.1  He  reached  London 
in  safety,  and  immediately  made  the  acquaintance  of  Thomas 
Hutchinson,  and  was  introduced  to  Lord  Hardwicke.  He 
at  once  sought  to  convince  the  authorities  that  more  efficient 
measures  would  soon  reduce  America;  that  but  a  small 
part  of  the  people — not  one-fifth — favored  the  rebellion; 
that  the  cause  was  supported  by  disarming  and  intimidating 
the  loyalists;  and  that  suitable  protection  and  assistance 
would  encourage  the  larger  part  of  the  population  to  openly 
support  the  government.2 

These  representations  made  by  Mr.  Galloway  were  un- 
doubtedly biassed  both  by  his  zeal  for  the  cause  and  the 
indignities  he  had  suffered.  Letters  from  friends  in  America, 
too,  supported  his  claims,  and  he  persisted  in  propagating 
such  beliefs.3 

Charges  of  laxity  in  the  prosecution  of  the  American  war 
induced  Parliament  to  institute  an  investigation  of  the  sub- 
lect  in  June,  1779.  Mr.  Galloway  was  one  of  the  most 
important  witnesses  at  this  hearing,  and  his  testimony  was 
of  such  a  damaging  character,  and  reflected  so  severely  upon 
the  management  of  affairs  in  America,  that  the  investigation 

1  Letter  of  Lord  Stirling,  October  25,  1778  (The  Historical  Magazine, 
Vol.  IT.  p.  821).     Upon  his  departure  Mr.  Galloway  wrote  a  pathetic 
letter  to  his  sister  which  was  published  in  the  Remembrancer  and  con- 
tained the  following  sentences : 

"I  call  this  country  ungrateful,  because  I  have  attempted  to  save  it 
from  the  distress  it  at  present  feels,  and  because  it  has  not  only  rejected 
my  endeavors  but  returned  me  evil  for  good.  I  feel  for  its  misery ;  but 
I  feel  it  is  not  finished — its  cup  is  not  yet  full — still  deeper  distress  will 
attend  it.  Was  it  in  my  power,  I  would  notwithstanding  its  severity 
against  me  preserve  it  from  such  destruction.  But  it  is  not  for  mortals 
to  counteract  the  will  of  Heaven. " 

2  " Hutchinson' s  Diary,"  Vol.  II.  pp.  226-264  passim,  and  Gallo- 
way's Examination,  p.  11. 

3  The  Historical  Magazine  for  1861  (September,  October,  November, 
and  December)  contains  a  number  of  letters  written  to  Galloway. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

was  dropped  and  no  further  action  taken  on  the  subject. 
But  Mr.  Galloway  did  not  allow  the  matter  to  drop  there, 
however,  and  in  pamphlets  and  letters  to  the  public  he 
sought  to  convince  the  English  people  and  government  that 
the  subjugation  of  America  was  perfectly  feasible,  and,  for 
the  maintenance  of  the  British  power  in  the  world,  abso- 
lutely necessary.  In  connection  with  the  publication  ot 
these  pamphlets  occurred  an  unseemly  controversy  with 
General  Howe  over  his  conduct  in  America  during  the 
campaigns  in  the  middle  Colonies.  General  Howe  replied 
to  these  charges  and  cast  some  reflections  upon  Mr.  Gallo- 
way's character. 

After  the  conclusion  of  the  war  and  the  acknowledgment 
of  independence,  Mr.  Galloway  was  indefatigable  in  his 
efforts  to  obtain  suitable  indemnities  for  the  loyalists.  His 
pen  was  again  brought  into  service,  and  he  published  a 
pamphlet  dealing  with  the  provision  in  the  treaty  of  peace 
for  the  loyalists ;  and  he  acted  as  agent  for  them  in  Eng- 
land.1 After  an  investigation  of  his  own  conduct  by  the 
Loyalist  Commission,  he  was  granted  a  pension  of  five  hun- 
dred pounds  a  year.2 

Forbidden  the  privilege  ol  returning  to  Pennsylvania, 
Mr.  Galloway  devoted  his  leisure  time  to  religious  studies, 
and  as  a  result  of  this  published  a  pamphlet  discussing  the 
prophecies  of  the  Scriptures.  He  here  advanced  the  theory 

1  In  a  letter  written  by  Mr.  Galloway's  daughter,  some  years  after  his 
death,  are  the  following  words  :  "  .  .  .  few  men  in  the  course  of  a  long 
life  settled  more  business  for  others  than  .  .  .  Joseph  Galloway,  and 
perhaps  seldom  anyone  gave  so  much  advice  gratis.  This  morning  room 
for  twenty  years  was  often  crowded,  and  seldom  empty  of  Americans 
who  received  from  him  his  best  services  in  their  own  affairs."  In  MS.  in 
the  Library  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

5  ' '  The  Board  find  that  Mr.  Galloway  was  a  member  of  the  first  Con- 
gress, but  they  are  of  the  opinion  that  during  that  time  he  endeavored 
to  promote  the  constitutional  dependence  of  the  colonies  on  Great 
Britain — that  he  has  since  conducted  himself  as  a  zealous  loyalist  and 
rendered  services  to  the  British  Government. ' '  (Decision  of  the  Com- 
mission.) 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  439 

that  France  and  not  Rome  was  anti-Christ,  and  was  soon  in 
a  controversy  with  Dean  Whitaker  over  the  question.  The 
influence  of  the  French  Eevolution  can  be  seen  in  these 
"  Commentaries"  of  Mr.  Galloway,  and  they  are  but  an 
evidence  of  his  hatred  to  "  Republicanism,"  which  seems  to 
have  grown  stronger  with  advancing  years.  With  these 
literary  labors  his  life  closed.  He  passed  but  a  short  dis- 
tance beyond  the  threescore  years  and  ten,  and  died  at 
Watford,  Herts,  England,  August  29,  1803.1 

CONCLUSION. 

In  forming  a  judgment  of  the  character  ol  a  loyalist  ol 
the  American  Revolution,  although  one  has  the  advantages 
of  perspective  in  point  of  time  and  a  mind  free  from  ani- 
mosity, yet  it  is  difficult  to  appreciate  a  period  when  Ameri- 
can independence  was  not  a  fact,  or  understand  a  man  who 
bitterly  opposed  even  the  suggestion  of  what  seems  to  have 
been  a  fortunate  occurrence  of  history.  And  to  the  average 
American  mind  the  intimation  that  there  could  have  been 
any  reasonable  or  disinterested  objection  to  the  Declaration 
of  Independence  would  be  somewhat  startling.  Yef  one 
need  not  be  an  Anglomaniac  to  recognize  that  many  of  the 
Colonial  Americans  were  loyal  to  their  King  in  1776  from 
honest  conviction,  and  could  give  a  reason  for  the  faith  that 
was  in  them.  Of  this  number  was  Joseph  Galloway. 

1  "The  Thomas  Book,"  p.  319.  Mrs.  Galloway,  who  had  remained 
in  Philadelphia,  hoping  to  save  her  own  property,  was  subjected  to  in- 
sults and  suffered  greatly  at  the  hands  of  the  returning  patriots.  She 
was  turned  out  of  her  house  by  force,  and,  after  a  period  spent  in  vain 
efforts  to  obtain  relief  from  her  distressing  situation,  died  before  peace 
came.  Extracts  from  the  Diary  of  Ann  Warder  (PENNA.  MAG.,  Vol. 
XVIII.),  the  Journal  of  Elizabeth  Drinker  (p.  104),  and  the  Colonial 
Records  (Vol.  XI.  p.  196)  give  abundant  evidence  of  the  pathetic  efforts 
she  made  to  uphold  the  honor  and  interests  of  her  exiled  husband. 

In  connection  with  the  attempt  made  by  Mr.  Galloway  to  obtain  per- 
mission to  return  to  Pennsylvania,  there  is  extant  a  letter  which  he  wrote 
to  Governor  McKean,  in  1793,  containing  an  account  of  his  career  in 
connection  with  the  Revolutionary  quarrel  and  a  defence  of  his  conduct. 


440  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

Although  possessing  traits  of  character  which  were  far  from 
admirable,  but  which  are  rather  common  to  mankind,  Mr. 
Galloway  occupied  a  prominent  position  among  his  con- 
temporaries, took  a  not  dishonorable  part  in  the  American 
Revolution,  and  exerted  a  marked  influence  upon  his  day 
and  generation.  Talented,  wealthy,  and  influential,  his  con- 
duct was  that  of  a  firm  and  consistent  loyalist  through- 
out his  whole  career.  He  was  not  only  a  loyalist,  but  a 
royalist.  History,  observation,  and  experience  convinced 
him  that  a  monarchy  was  the  most  fitting  form  of  govern- 
ment, and  offered  the  best  and  surest  protection  to  life  and 
property,  especially  property,  the  chief  function  of  all  gov- 
ernments. 

With  a  conservatism  natural  to  wealth,  and  with  inherited 
aristocratic  tendencies,  Mr.  Galloway  observed  with  no  small 
concern  the  growth  of  republican  ideas.  That  there  could 
be  any  true  liberty,  or  any  safety  even,  under  a  democracy, 
or  what  he  considered  was  nearly,  if  not  quite,  the  same 
thing,  mob  rule,  he  believed  impossible.  It  was  with  no 
small  degree  of  apprehension,  therefore,  that  he  viewed  the 
growing  differences  between  Great  Britain  and  her  Colo- 
nies. With  a  property-holder's  natural  aversion  to  taxa- 
tion, and  with  a  realization  of  the  injustice  which  might 
result  from  measures  of  taxation  by  Parliament,  he  aided  in 
all  ways  that  he  considered  proper  to  remove  the  causes  ot 
complaint.  The  very  suggestion  that  the  remedy  for  the 
troubles  lay  in  independence  was  repugnant  to  him.  The 
remedy  lay  rather  in  a  closer  union  with  the  mother 
country. 

The  political  experiences  of  Mr.  Galloway  in  Pennsylvania 
made  him  naturally  suspicious  of  the  intentions  of  the  noisy 
elements  among  the  people,  and  he  soon  came  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  ultimate  independence  was  their  aim ;  at  least  their 
conduct  could  lead  to  nothing  less.  Hence  he  determined  to 
exert  his  best  efforts  to  prevent  such  a  deplorable  occurrence. 
How  great  a  stumbling-block  he  was  in  the  way  of  indepen- 
dence may  be  judged  by  the  anger  aroused  against  him. 


Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician.  441 

An  experienced  lawyer,  habituated  to  the  forms  ol  law 
and  accustomed  to  argumentation,  he  thought  the  dispute 
might  be  settled  by  reasoning.  "  Calm  reason,"  "  candid 
examination,"  "  reflection,"  and  "  cool  and  dispassionate  ar- 
gument" were  his  favorite  expressions.  And  the  discussion 
of  this  question  should  be  left  to  men  who  were  capable  of 
reasoning  and  deliberating  calmly,  "men  of  property," 
"  men  of  influence,"  and  "  men  of  consequence,"  as  he 
called  them. 

Mr.  Galloway  not  only  opposed  independence,  the  logical 
result  of  the  measures  proposed  by  the  patriots,  but  he 
offered  another  method  in  their  place, — a  method  of  settling 
the  dispute  which  would  also  prevent  all  future  quarrels. 
In  this,  his  plan  of  union,  he  showed  statesmanship.  He 
believed  it  the  only  proper  or  possible  way  to  secure  their 
true  liberties.  Would  not  Great  Britain  accede  to  such  a 
plan  ?  Then  he  would  go  as  far  as  any  man  "  in  point  ot 
blood  or  fortune"  to  preserve  their  liberties!  Was  this 
dishonorable  or  treasonable  conduct  ? 

The  plan  was  rejected  by  the  Congress;  but,  until  this 
method  had  been  tried  and  proved  ineffectual,  he  could  not 
consistently  violate  his  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  King. 
Furthermore,  his  belief  in  the  futility  of  resistance  to  the 
power  of  Great  Britain  was  an  additional  motive  for  be- 
coming a  Tory. 

It  was  as  a  writer  or  pamphleteer,  however,  that  Mr. 
Galloway  displayed  his  powers  and  exerted  his  greatest  in- 
fluence. Although  some  of  his  productions  exhibit  care- 
lessness and  haste,  and  lack  literary  finish,  usually  his 
writing  was  forcible  and  his  reasoning  sound.  Judged  by 
their  final  results  solely,  one  might  conclude  that  his  efforts 
had  little  or  no  influence ;  but  it  is  not  unreasonable  to  be- 
lieve that  his  writings  did  aid  in  retarding  the  progress  of 
independence.  But  for  the  bold  and  courageous  stand 
taken  by  Mr.  Galloway  in  the  Congress,  and  the  "  Candid 
Examination,"  might  not  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
have  been  made  earlier  than  1776  ?  It  is  a  fair  question. 


442  Joseph  Galloway,  the  Loyalist  Politician. 

The  hesitancy  and  'indecision  of  which  Mr.  Galloway 
gave  his  contemporaries  an  impression  before  1774  were 
due,  apparently,  not  to  any  lack  of  decision  or  want  of 
understanding  on  his  part,  but  to  policy.  He  did  not  wish 
to  embarrass  his  plans  to  prevent  the  adoption  of  indepen- 
dent measures.  He  did  not,  therefore,  foolishly  and  offen- 
sively flaunt  his  loyalty  in  the  face  of  the  patriots  whose 
approval  he  wished  to  win  for  his  plan  of  union.  But  when 
a  course  had  been  adopted  contrary  to  his  beliefs,  no  one 
was  left  in  doubt  as  to  where  he  stood. 

Mr.  Galloway's  foresight  and  judgment  were  shown  in 
the  accuracy  with  which  he  followed  to  its  logical  conclu- 
sion the  conduct  of  the  patriots,  and  in  the  fact  that,  sooner 
than  John  Dickinson,  he  saw  to  what  the  measures  of  the 
Sons  of  Liberty  were  leading.  And  he  rightly  traced  back 
to  the  tenets  and  practices  of  the  early  Puritan  colonists 
the  beginnings  of  independence. 

Although  Mr.  Galloway  showed  the  qualities  of  a  states- 
man in  his  plan  of  an  imperial  federation, — a  plan  which 
over  a  century  of  statesmanship  has  failed  to  accomplish, — 
he  lacked  that  faith  in  the  common  people  which  gave 
courage  to  the  patriots  and  enabled  them  to  persevere  in 
what  at  times  seemed  a  lost  cause.  In  this  he  failed  to  rise 
to  the  height  of  the  men  of  faith  of  his  day. 

Could  Mr.  Galloway  have  been  persuaded  to  join  the 
patriot  cause,  and  use  his  talents  and  give  the  benefit  of  his 
experience  in  the  task  of  establishing  a  new  government,  it 
is  not  unlikely  that  his  name  would  have  been  found  in  the 
list  of  delegates  to  the  Constitutional  Convention.  Cer- 
tainly he  would  have  supported  the  Hamiltonian  view  of  a 
somewhat  centralized  form  of  government,  and  later  been 
in  favor  of  the  Alien  and  Sedition  Acts.  He  would  have 
hated  Jeffersonian  Democracy  as  thoroughly  as  the  most 
extreme  Federalist,  and  government  by  injunction  would 
have  had  no  terrors  for  him. 


Society  of  tfo  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     443 


THE   SOCIETY   OF   THE    SONS   OF  SAINT  TAMMANY 
OF  PHILADELPHIA. 

BY   FRANCIS   VON   A.  CABEEN. 

(Continued  from  page  347.) 

We  now  encounter  a  curious  function  performed  by  the 
Saint  Tammany  Society.1 

"  On  Monday  last  the  Sachems  of  St.  Tammany  gave  an 
invitation  to  Cornplanter,  commonly  called  Captain  O'Beal, 
a  sachem  and  five  others  of  the  Seneca  Nation  to  visit  the 
Wigwam  on  the  Banks  of  Schuylkill  where  he  was  in- 
formed the  Sons  of  St.  Tammany  meet  every  year  to  cele- 
brate the  memory  of  their  old  Chief  St.  Tammany.  Cap- 
tain O'Beal  accepted  the  invitation  as  an  honor  done  to  him 
and  said  he  was  sure  the  Great  God  above  (who  directed  all 
our  actions)  put  it  in  our  hearts. . 

"  About  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  the  Sachems  waited 
on  the  Chiefs  at  their  lodgings  at  the  Indian  Queen,  and 
from  thence  attended  them  seperately  to  an  appointed  ren- 
dezvous near  the  Wigwam ;  they  proceeded  thence  (a  Sa- 
chem of  St.  Tammany  leading  each  an  Indian  Chief)  to 
the  Wigwam.  Three  of  the  Indians  had  fallen  in  with  a 
corps  of  the  Militia  from  whom  a  deputation  had  just  been 
sent  to  offer  an  escort  to  the  Indian  Chief  and  were  by  them 
conducted  to  the  Wigwam.  On  the  arrival  of  the  Chief  at 
the  Wigwam  a  salute  of  cannon  was  given  by  the  Sachems 
and  the  colours  of  the  State  and  St.  Tammany  with  the 
Dutch  and  French  standards,  and  the  Buck  Flag,  were  imme- 
diately displayed.  They  were  then  conducted  into  the  Wig- 
wam and  after  proper  salutations,  Captain  O'Beal  said  he 
must  speak  a  few  words  to  his  brethern,  the  white  folks,  on 

1  Independent,  April  22,  1786. 


I 
444     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

|H 

the  civilities  he  now  received.     This  he  did  in  a  manner 
truly  dignified,  in  the  following  words : 

"  'BROTHERS  : 

"  'Hearken  to  what  I  tell  you.  You  know  that  the  Great  God,  our 
greatest  King,  reigns  in  Heaven  above  us  all.  He  sees  all  our  doings, 
so  that  we  ought  to  be  wise  and  virtuous.  This  great  gathering  of  our 
brothers  is  to  commemorate  the  memory  of  our  great-grand-father.  It  is 
a  day  of  pleasure  (pointing  to  St.  Tammany  colors).  You  know  that 
your  and  our  grandfathers  loved  one  another  and  strongly  recommended 
to  their  children  to  live  in  union  and  friendship  with  all  their  brethren 
and  to  bury  the  hatchet  forever.  I  also  wish  (looking  up  to  heaven)  that 
we  may  all  live  as  our  great-grand-fathers  lived,  in  peace  and  unity  ! 

' '  '  The  business  I  am  come  on  is  to  have  us  all  united  as  one  man,  and 
it  will  be  my  happiness  to  have  it  so.  Let  us  keep  fast  the  chain  of 
friendship,  and  put  the  same  around  us.  Then  we  shall  have  nothing  to 
fear  from  the  great  kings  on  the  other  side  of  the  waters.  Brothers  if  we 
can  effect  this  to  become  brothers  united  as  one  man  there  is  no  people 
that  shall  think  evil  of  us,  that  a  frown  from  us  will  not  intimidate.  I 
heard  it  said  our  great-grand-fathers  are  dead.  They  are  not  dead.  They 
now  look  down  upon  us  and  know  what  we  are  doing.  Much  more ; 
God  looks  upon  us  and  sees  what  we  are  doing.  I  think  God  Almighty 
at  this  time  is  sorry  for  the  poor  Indians.  He  is  grieved  at  the  afflic- 
tions now  come  upon  them.  The  cause  of  my  sorrow  is  from  the  Eng- 
lish on  the  other  side  of  the  water.  They  have  brought  it  on  us.  You 
thirteen  Sires,  I  am  now  to  speak  a  word  to  you.  I  hope  you  have  ob- 
served that  I  have  always  tears  in  my  eyes.  I  am  sorry  that  we  have 
been  led  astray ;  I  hope  that  you  will  do  everything  to  put  me  right. 
Then  God  will  look  down  upon  you  and  us  and  help  us  ;  he  will  have 
pity  on  us  both,  if  we  do  right.' 

"  A  discharge  of  thirteen  cannon  and  three  huzzas  from 
the  company,  consisting  of  upwards  of  2000  persons,  tes- 
tified their  approval.  The  Chief  was  then  led  by  the  Sa- 
chems of  St.  Tammany  to  the  council  fire  at  the  flag 
staff,  where  they  and  the  officers  of  militia,  with  a  num- 
ber of  citizens,  formed  a  circle  round  the  same,  and 
smoked  the  great  calumet  of  peace.  The  Indian  Chief  now 
said :  i  that  we  have  been  refreshing  ourselves  with  wine,  it 
is  fit  that  our  old  friend  who  has  gone  before  us  (pointing 
to  the  portrait  of  St.  Tammany  on  the  colors)  shall  have  a 
glass,  and  if  we  pour  it  on  the  ground,  the  ground  will  suck 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  lammany  of  Philadelphia.     445 

it  in  and  he  will  get  it.'  On  this  he  walked  with  one  of  the 
St.  Tammany  sachems  round  the  council  fire  pouring  out 
a  libation  of  wine.  The  Chief  then  with  his  companions,  at 
the  request  of  the  company  gave  a  war  dance,  and  was 
afterwards  joined  with  the  sachems  of  St.  Tammany,  and 
the  officers  of  the  militia  in  a  peace  dance,  and  a  dance  of 
mirth.  The  Chief  and  his  people  and  sachems  of  St.  Tam- 
many, having  seated  themselves  on  the  council  seat  of  the 
wigwam  sent  by  the  Kuskusy  Nation,  for  some  minutes  after 
which,  one  of  the  sachems  of  the  Wigwam  (The  old  Sachem 
not  being  present),  gave  the  following  answer  to  Captain 
O'Beal. 

' ' '  Brothers  we  are  glad  to  see  you.  You  say  that  the  great  God  above 
sees  us  and  that  we  ought  to  be  wise  and  virtuous.  He  is  our  great 
Father.  We  are  his  children,  and  you  and  we  are  all  one  family.  He  loves 
us  when  we  love  one  another  and  live  as  brethern.  This  is  to  be  wise 
and  virtuous.  We  may  say  this  is  a  day  of  pleasure.  The  Great  Spirit 
is  pleased  to  see  us  meet  as  friends,  and  live  as  brothers.  Our  great- 
grand-fathers  lived  as  brothers,  and  wished  it  to  be  so  forever.  We  meet 
as  brothers,  and  it  is  to  us  a  day  of  pleasure.  We  remember  our  great- 
grand-fathers.  We  meet  here  every  year  to  remember  our  great-grand- 
father Tammany,  and  three  years  ago  we  buried  the  hatchet  in  a  great 
deep  hole  near  that  stump  ;  we  covered  it  with  heavy  stones  because  we 
wished  it  never  to  rise  again.  You  will  see  great  trees  growing  over  it 
under  which  we  wish  that  our  children  may  sit.  We  kindled  a  fire  here, 
it  is  a  bright  fire,  for  our  young  men  to  sit  by,  and  there  are  twelve  other 
fires.  But  there  is  a  greater  fire  than  all  of  them.  We  are  glad  you 
are  going  to  that  great  fire.  You  will  find  the  road  plain  and  bright. 
They  will  bind  the  chain  of  friendship  round  their  bodies,  and  it  can- 
not be  broken,  but  by  cutting  them  in  two.  We  have  nothing  to  fear. 
Our  great  men  will  dry  the  tears  from  your  eyes.  Then  we  will  help  to 
keep  the  eyes  clear.  We  are  pleased  that  you  came  ;  to  effect  this  God 
sent  you.  He  loves  peace  and  friendship.  We  love  you  because  you 
are  from  the  great-grand-father,  and  we  shall  never  forget  that  you  visited 
our  wigwam.' 

"  A  salute  of  the  cannon  was  then  given  and  three  huzzas 
— the  several  colours  were  struck,  and  the  Indian  Chiefe 
with  the  Sachems  of  Saint  Tammany,  were  escorted  by  the 
militia  under  arms  to  their  lodgings  at  the  Indian  Queen. 


446     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

(^ 

"  The  whole  was  conducted  with  great  harmony  and 
good  humor ;  and  the  conduct  of  the  chief  and  his  nation 
was  grand  and  noble." 

"We  are  led  to  believe  that  the  company  of  militia  re- 
ferred to  in  the  account  of  this  council  fire  with  the  Indians 
was  a  volunteer  company  called  the  Buck  Tails,  com- 
manded by  a  Captain  Sproat,  and  that  the  buck  flag  that 
was  unfurled  was  the  flag  of  this  command.1  We  wish  to 
call  attention  to  what  purports  to  be  a  letter  from  Corn- 
planter  which  appeared  in  the  newspapers  shortly  after  his 
visit  to  Philadelphia,  but  which  was  never  written  by  him, 
and  it  was  so  understood  at  the  time.  From  its  construction 
and  language  it  evidently  emanated  from  some  member  of 
the  Society  of  Friends,  and  was  intended  as  a  hit  against  the 
Saint  Tammany  Society.  We  give  it  in  its  entirety ;  though 
antagonistic,  it  unwittingly  adds  lustre  to  the  Tammany  cele- 
brations ;  for  while  the  writer  did  not  approve  of  them,  still 
they  were  held  by  the  community  in  such  high  esteem  that 
"  gentlemen  of  the  cloth"  were  willing  to  be  seen  at  them. 

"  Translation  of  a  letter  from  the  Indian  Chief,  now  in 
this  city,  to  one  of  his  relations,  a  Chief  of  the  Seneca 
Nation. 

" '  NEW  YOEK,  May  6—1786— 
"  '  RENOWNED  KINSMAN  : 

"  'After  an  agreeable  journey,  we  arrived  in  this  city  a  few  days  ago, 
where  we  have  been  kindly  received  and  hospitably  entertained  by  the 
Wisemen  who  compose  the  perpetual  council  fire  of  the  new  nations  of 
our  brothers  of  this  island. 

"  '  You  know,  Kinsman  how  much  pains  our  white  brothers  have  taken 
to  cause  us  to  renounce  our  independent  and  happy  mode  of  life  and  to 
exchange  it  for  what  they  call  the  pleasures  of  civilization  and  religion  ; 
but  they  now  think  differently,  both  of  their  own  and  of  our  manner  of 
living  from  what  they  did  when  the  great  King  over  the  water  put  dust 
in  their  eyes  and  kept  them  in  darkness.  They  now  begin  to  see  in 
what  the  fine  dignity  and  happiness  of  man  consists  and  that  labour, 
trade,  and  the  mechanic  arts,  are  only  fit  for  women  and  children  ;  and 
as  for  the  old  stories  they  used  to  tell  us  about  religion,  no  body  believes 
in  them  now  but  a  few  old  women.  As  a  proof  of  this  preference  of 


1  Watson's  Annals,  Vol.  III.  p.  229. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     447 

our  manners  and  principles  to  their  own,  a  large  body  of  the  citizens  of 
Philadelphia,  assembled  on  the  first  day  of  May  on  the  banks  of  the 
Schuylkill  every  year,  and  then  in  the  dress  of  Sachems  celebrate  the 
name,  character  and  death  of  old  King  Tammany,  in  eating,  drinking, 
smoking,  dancing,  and  singing  around  a  fire.  This  entertainment  ends 
as  all  such  entertainments  do  with  us,  in  drunkenness  and  disorder, 
which  are  afterwards  printed  in  their  newspapers  in  the  most  agreeable 
colours,  as  constituting  the  utmost  festivity  and  joy.  But  the  principal 
end  of  this  annual  feast  is  to  destroy  the  force  of  the  Christian  religion. 
For  this  religion  you  know  forbids  self  murder  and  drunkenness.  Now 
by  honoring  and  celebrating  the  name  of  Tammany  who  killed  himself 
by  burning  his  cabin  over  his  head  in  a  drunken  frolic,  they  take  away 
all  infamy  from  these  crimes  and  even  place  them  among  the  number  of 
virtues.  Two  or  three  Priests  generally  attend  at  this  feast  with  the 
ensigns  of  their  professions,  that  is,  with  large  white  wigs  and  black 
coats  :  and  as  the  people  here  are  more  disposed  to  follow  the  example 
than  the  precepts  of  their  priests,  the  example  of  these  holy  Sachems, 
has  had  a  great  effect  in  undeceiving  the  people  as  to  their  notions  about 
religion  and  in  introducing  among  them  our  maxims  respecting  murder 
and  drunkenness.  Let  us  hold  fast  renowned  Kinsman,  the  customs 
and  traditions  of  our  fathers  and  disdain  to  copy  anything  from  a  people 
who  are  every  day  advancing  to  our  state  of  simple  manners  and  national 
sobriety.  Farewell. 

"  'CORNPLANTER.'  ' 

This  year's  (1786)  celebration  is  mentioned  in  one  paper 
in  not  a  very  complimentary  manner,  but  as  the  account 
shows  that "  faction" — i.e.,  party  influences — for  the  first  time 
is  beginning  to  assert  its  power  over  the  Society,  we  give  it 
at  length. 

"  Monday  last,  being  the  anniversary  of  St.  Tammany, 
the  day  was  generally  observed,  and  happily  spent  and 
commemorated  at  different  places,  by  several  companies  of 
citizens.1 

"  We  should  do  much  injustice  to  Mr.  Pole,  if  we  now 
neglected  our  respects  to  him  on  this  occasion.  He  indeed 
deserves  great  credit  for  those  tickets  of  invitation  which  he 
took  the  liberty  of  presenting  and  without  whose  particular 
services,  he  might  have  escaped  every  kind  of  notice  or 
distinction.  The  principal  characters  of  the  party  of  his 

1  Independent,  May  6,  1786. 


« 
448     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

leaders  assembled  at  tlie  Council  Fire  on  Schuylkill  and  with 
pleasure,  it  has  been  observed,  many  good  and  worthy  in- 
habitants of  this  place,  among  whom,  some  of  the  Sachems 
claim,  our  most  sincere  respects  joined  them.  Although 
every  mind  might  not  have  been  altogether  pleased  and 
reconciled  with  the  arrangement  of  matters,  yet  from  the 
universal  regard  to  St.  Tammany,  there  is  little  if  any  reason 
for  serious  complaint  among  generous  Americans. 

"  When  the  anniversary  again  returns,  it  is  to  be  hoped 
that  the  natives  and  citizens  of  the  country  will  not  be 
treated  with  the  distance  and  reserve  that  has  been  too  often 
observed.  The  Poles  and  Fishing  Tackle  must  be  better 
regulated.  Indeed  there  are  many  striking  circumstances  to 
justify  the  idea,  that  under  the  specious  purposes  of  cele- 
brating St.  Tammany's  day  thefoxified  objects  of  faction  and 
policy — like  snakes  in  the  grass,  have  crept  into  measures 
other  wise  set  apart  for  undisguised  sociability.  Nothing  is 
more  odious  and  intolerable,  than  the  sly  impositions,  the 
craft  and  artifices  of  faction.  And  to  an  ingenious  mind 
nothing  is  more  abominable  than  that  man  who  devotes  and 
lays  himself  out  for  the  scandalous  speculations,  and  the 
political  cutiery  of  degenerated  party.  .  .  .  This  sort  of  crea- 
ture is  the  tool  for  knaves  to  work  with  .  .  .  and  make  use 
of  to  serve  their  interests,  while  he  intends  only  to  pursue, 
though  in  that  line  he  is  sure  to  shackle  his  own.  He  values 
himself  on  the  promising  banquet,  without  regard  to  conse- 
quences. He  is  an  inflexable  friend  to  everything  that 
resembles  a  mystery;  thinks  Common  Sense  too  common 
and  political  non  sense  to  be  always  a  proof  of  propriety  and 
inspiration.  Right  and  wrong  (unerring  standards)  he 
measures  not  by  the  interests  of  mankind  but  by  trifling 
and  unmeaning  rules  invented  by  his  patrons  and  conductors 
and  calculated  chiefly  for  their  own  benefit.  He  is  a  friend 
to  no  man  .  .  .  envious,  sullen,  and  morose  ...  all  his 
thoughts  exceed  our  notions  of  social  pursuits  and  manly 
joy.  ...  A  sour  face  and  a  bitter  implacable  heart  are  his 
qualifications. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     449 

"It  is  wonderful,  observes  a  correspondent,  how  this 
stupid  animal  could  ever  be  in  repute,  how  the  most  insig- 
nificant and  worst  being  in  the  universe  could  be  any  ways 
acceptable  to  the  best." 

It  is  very  evident  from  the  above  that  Mr.  Pole's  back 
had  to  receive  the  blows  of  the  opposing  party  as  adminis- 
tered by  the  editor  of  the  paper,  and  he  also  had  to  bear 
the  punishment  intended  for  more  exalted  members  of  the 
Society,  that  possibly  it  was  deemed  wise  or  expedient  not 
to  mention  by  name,  though  most  likely  they  were  well 
known  at  the  time.  Here,  we  may  say,  was  the  conception 
of  what  in  after-years  became  the  Democratic  Party,  though 
before  it  was  born  its  sentiments  materially  changed  from 
what  they  were  at  this  time. 

The  anniversary  of  the  year  1786  is  very  minutely  de- 
scribed in  the  following  account :  * 

"  Monday  last,  the  1st  of  May,  being  the  anniversary  of 
the  tutelar  Saint  of  America,  the  Sachems  and  brothers  of 
the  Society  of  St.  Tammany  assembled  at  their  wigwam  on 
the  banks  of  the  Schuylkill.  Early  in  the  morning,  the 
day  was  saluted  by  a  discharge  of  the  Society's  artillery ;  at 
8  o'clock  three  guns  were  fired  and  the  standard  of  St. 
Tammany  was  displayed,  supported  on  the  right  by  the  flag 
of  France,  and  on  the  left  by  that  of  the  United  States  of 
Holland.  At  the  same  time  the  Buck  flag  was  displayed  at 
the  council  chamber — at  10  o'clock  the  brethren  generally 
assembled,  and  at  12  at  beat  of  drum,  the  whole  of  the 
brothers  assembled  round  the  flag  staff :  soon  after  which, 
the  sachems  of  the  preceding  year  advanced  from  the  council 
chamber  into  the  circle,  where  at  a  signal,  they  all  laid  down 
their  insignia  of  office. 

"  The  secretary  then  came  forward  and  informed  the 
brethren,  that  the  time  for  which  the  sachems  had  been 
chosen  was  now  expired ;  and  that  they  were  consequently 
destitute  of  any  officers,  grand  sachem  and  others.  He 
asked,  whether  they  would  proceed  to  the  choice  of  13 

1  Penna.  Evening  Herald,  May  6,  1786. 
VOL.  XXVI. — 29 


J 
450     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

sachems  for  the  ensuing  year  ?  This  they  agreed  to  do  and 
the  following  brothers  were  duly  elected:  Charles  Biddle, 
Esq.,  Jonathan  Bayard  Smith,  Alex.  Boyd,  Thomas  Fevill, 
Fred.  Phile,  Daniel  Hiester,  Win.  Coates,  Joseph  Dean, 
Wm.  Tharpe,  Emanuel  Eyres,  Zachariah  Endress,  Thomas 
Proctor,  and  Elias  Boys.  Upon  the  close  of  the  election  of 
the  sachems  three  guns  were  discharged,  when  the  sachems 
retired  to  the  council  chamber  and  then  from  among  them- 
selves, elected  as  chief  or  grand  sachem  the  Hon.  Charles 
Biddle,  Esq.,  Vice-president  of  the  State  of  Penna. 

"  The  whole  of  the  sachems  were  now  dressed  and 
invested  with  their  gorgets  and  other  insignia  of  office ;  on 
the  chief's  breast  was  his  gorget  with  the  following  in- 
scription surrounded  with  13  stars ;  St.  Tammany  the  grand 
sachem,  or  the  chief  to  whom  all  our  nation  looks  up. 

"  On  the  gorgets  of  each  of  the  other  sachems  were  in- 
scribed the  names  of  the  following  warriors,  lontonque, 
Tataboucksey,  Hoowaniente,  Pechemolind,  Towarrah,  De- 
unquatt,  Shuctongo,  Simougan,  Tediescung,  Shaubonkin, 
Kayashuta,  and  Hyngapushes. 

"  Upon  the  appearance  of  the  sachems  the  brethren 
again  formed  a  circle  round  the  flag — The  sachems  entered 
the  circle  when  the  secretary  came  forward,  and  proclaimed 
their  choice  of  the  grand  sachem,  who  was  ushered  for- 
ward to  the  brethren  by  two  of  his  brother  sachems.  He 
was  received  by  the  company  who  testified  their  approba- 
tion by  three  loud  and  chearful  huzzas  supported  by  the 
discharge  of  13  guns — upon  which  brother  (William) 
Pritchard  came  forward  and  delivered  the  following  piece, 
which  he  had  prepared  for  the  day : 

"  '  When  superstition  dark  and  hauty  plan 
Fettered  the  genius  and  debased  the  man, 
Each  trifling  legend  was  as  truth  received  ; 
The  priest  invented,  and  the  crowd  believed  ; 
Nations  adored  the  whim  in  stone  or  paint, 
And  gloried  in  the  fabricated  saint. 
Some  holy  guardian,  hence,  each  nation  claims — 
Gay  France  her  Dennis,  and  grave  Spain  her  James, 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     451 

Britons  at  once  two  mighty  saints  obey 

Andrew  and  George  maintain  united  sway, 

O'er  humbler  lands  the  same  odd  whim  prevails  ; 

Ireland  her  Patrick,  boasts  her  David,  Wales. 

We  Pennsylvanians,  these  old  tales  reject, 

And  our  own  saint  think  proper  to  erect — 

Immortal  Tammany  of  Indian  Race, 

Great  in  the  fields,  and  foremost  in  the  chase, 

No  puny  saint  was  he,  with  fasting  pale, 

He  climbed  the  mountains,  and  swept  the  vale  ; 

Rushed  through  the  torrent  with  unequaled  might ; — 

Your  ancient  saints  would  tremble  at  the  sight — 

Caught  the  swift  boar,  and  swifter  deer  with  ease, 

And  worked  a  thousand  miracles  like  these. 

To  public  views,  he  added  private  ends, 

And  loved  his  country  most,  and  next  his  friends. 

With  courage  long  he  strove  to  ward  the  blow, 

(Courage  we  all  respect,  e'en  in  a  foe) — 

And  when  each  effort  he  in  vain  had  tried, 

Kindled  the  flame  in  which  he  bravely  died  ! 

To  Tammany  let  the  full  horn  go  round  ; 

His  fame  let  every  honest  tongue  resound  ; 

With  him  let  every  generous  patriot  vie 

To  live  in  freedom,  or  with  honor  die  ! 

Nor  shall  I  think  my  labor  too  severe, 

Since  ye,  wise  sachems,  kindly  deign  to  hear.' 

"  The  secretary  then  declared  the  laws  which  had  been 
enacted  in  the  council  for  the  government  of  the  day, 
which  was  that  every  brother  should  do  just  as  he  pleased ; 
and  if  he  did  not  the  whole  of  the  brothers  were  by  com- 
pulsion to  enforce  him  to  do  so ;  and  if  he  did  not  then  do 
as  he  pleased,  he  was  to  be  laughed  at  by  the  whole  com- 
pany— And  also,  that  if  any  dispute  arose  between  any  two 
brothers,  which  should  tend  in  any  measure  to  interrupt 
the  harmony  of  the  day,  in  order  to  discountenance  them, 
they  were  both  to  be  laughed  at  by  the  whole  company. 

"  The  laws  being  proclaimed,  the  grand  sachem  seated 
himself,  surrounded  by  his  brother  sachems,  upon  the 
council  seat  presented  to  the  society  from  the  Hughkugh- 
keagh  nation,  around  the  council  fire  when  the  calumet  of 


I 
452     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

peace  was  lighted  and  smoked  by  the  grand  sachem  and 
his  brethren  and  was  afterwards  handed  around  to  the 
whole  of  the  brothers,  who  all  in  rotation  took  a  whiff. 
Several  presents  having  been  made  to  the  society  since  the 
last  anniversary  they  were  all  brought  forward,  and  shown 
to  the  brethren  assembled,  who  returned  thanks  thro'  their 
sachems  and  gave  them  severally  three  huzzas. 

"Among  the  presents  was  an  elegant  portrait  of  the 
Indian  Chief  (who  was  lately  in  this  city)  lontonkque  or 
the  Corn  Plant  commonly  known  by  the  name  of  Captain 
O'Bail  taken  from  the  life  by  Miss  Eliza  Phile  and  done  in  a 
very  masterly  manner,  2  feet  and  a  half  by  one  foot  and  a  half. 

"  During  this  interval,  a  cold  collation  was  spread  upon 
the  tables,  at  the  head  of  which  was  the  council  chamber, 
with  feasts  prepared  for  the  sachems,  under  a  canopy — The 
signal  being  given,  every  brother  repaired  with  his  scalping 
knife,  to  the  repast,  which  they  executed  in  a  masterly  man- 
ner ;  the  provisions  being  tolerably  well  scalped  the  warriors 
having  played  their  parts  well. 

"  The  whole  then  retired  forming  a  circle  round  the  flag 
staff  went  through  their  dances  and  then  seated  themselves 
around  the  council  fire,  when  the  heart-cheering  glass  being 
introduced,  the  grand  sachem  gave  the  following  toasts 
which  were  drank  by  the  whole  of  the  brethren  during  a 
discharge  of  artillery  and  sky  rockets. 

"  1.  St.  Tammany  and  the  day. 

"  2.  The  Great  Council  Fire  ot  the  United  States— May 
the  13  fires  glow  in  one  blended  blaze  and  illumine  the 
Eagle  in  his  flight  to  the  Stars. 

"  3.  Penna.,  and  the  illustrious  President  ot  the  State 
— May  wisdom  ever  preside  in  our  councils. 

"  4.  Louis  the  Sixteenth. 

"  5.  Our  great  grand  sachem  George  Washington,  Esq. 

"  6.  Our  Allies  and  Friends — May  the  Lillies  of  France 
forever  bloom — the  Lion  of  the  Netherlands  rejoice  in  his 
strength  and  the  Irish  Harp  ever  be  in  union  with  the  Thir- 
teen Stars. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     453 

"  7.  Our  Brother  lontonkque  or  the  Corn  Plants-May  we 
ever  remember  that  he  visited  our  wigwam  and  spoke  a 
good  talk  from  our  great  grand  fathers. 

"  8.  The  Friendly  Indian  Nations — our  warriors  and  young 
men  who  fought,  bled  and  gave  good  council  for  our  nation. 

"  9.  Our  Mothers,  Wives,  Sisters  and  Daughters. 

"  10.  The  Merchants,  Farmers  and  Mechanics  of  Penna. 
— May  the  manufactures  of  our  own  country  ever  have  the 
preference  of  foreign  ones. 

"11.  The  University  of  Penna.,  and  all  Seminaries  ot 
learning. 

"  12.  May  the  Whigs  of  America  ever  be  united  as  a 
band  of  brothers. 

"  13.  May  the  enemies  of  America  never  eat  the  bread  ot 
it,  drink  the  drink  of  it  or  kiss  the  pretty  girls  of  it. 

"  At  this  time  a  great  number  of  the  spectators  rudely 
broke  in  upon  the  company  which  obliged  the  grand  sachem 
to  draw  off  the  brethren  to  the  city,  which  was  done  in  In- 
dian file  with  music. 

"  They  then  proceeded  to  the  wigwam  *  of  his  excellency 
brother  Benjamin  Franklin  who  appearing  was  saluted 
with  13  huzzas  from  all  the  warriors,  which  he  cordially 
received  and  thanked  them  for  the  honour  paid  him,  when 
the  brothers  all  retired  to  their  own  wigwams  to  see  their 
squaws  and  papousees. 

"  FOOT-NOTE. — The  Sachems  in  behalf  of  themselves  and  their  broth- 
ers offer  their  cordial  thanks  to  Miss  Phile  for  the  above  present  in  the 
following  talk. 

"These  glowing  colours  our  applause  command, 
The  happy  work  of  fair  Eliza's  hand  I 
Here  as  her  genius  and  her  taste  we  trace, 
Each  savage  feature  softens  into  grace, 
What  various  merit  must  adorn  the  youth, 
How  must  he  shine  in  valour,  wit  and  truth, 
Who  wins  the  heart  of  this  accomplished  Fair, 
And  finds  his  happy  image  pictured  there." 

1  Situated  on  the  south  side  of  Market  Street,  between  Third  and 
Fourth  Streets,  old  number  116. 


454     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

The  changes  in  the  personnel  of  the  Sachems  this  year 
were  as  follows :  Charles  Biddle,  who  was  made  chief,  was 
elected  in  October  of  1785  to  the  position  of  Yice-President 
of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania.  He  early  in  life  had  entered 
upon  a  seafaring  career,  and  most  of  his  services  to  his 
country  during  the  War  of  Independence  were  performed 
upon  the  ocean,  though  he  was  a  member  of,  and  saw  ser- 
vice with,  Captain  Cowperthwaite's  company  of  Quaker 
light  infantry.  The  above  incident  Mr.  Biddle  has  seen  fit 
to  omit  in  his  autobiography,  and  we  are  at  a  loss  to  account 
for  the  omission  in  view  of  the  fact  that  occurrences  of  much 
less  moment  are  given  with  minuteness. 

Elias  Boys,  merchant,  resided  at  80  Penn  Street,  between 
South  and  Almond  Streets.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Friendly  Sons  of  Saint  Patrick.  He  married  Martha  Scull, 
at  Christ  Church,  September  5,  1767,  and  died  in  October, 
1792.  In  1788  he  was  made  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Port  Wardens  of  Philadelphia. 

Zachariah  Endriss,  brewer,  lived  in  Brewer's  Alley,  be- 
tween Second  and  Third  Streets.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  German  Society  of  the  city  in  1774. 

Thomas  Kevill,  house-carpenter,  was  located  on  Front 
Street,  between  Market  and  Arch  Streets. 

William  Tharpe  was  one  of  the  earliest  of  what  were 
known  as  "  Fair  Play"  settlers  on  Indian  lands  in  Lycoming 
County,  in  1773,  and  returned  to  his  land  after  the  Revo- 
lution and  secured  his  title  to  it.  He  with  the  rest  of 
these  settlers  had  been  squatters,  but  in  those  days  it  was 
overlooked,  and  their  titles  were  confirmed,  owing  to 
their  services  and  losses  in  serving  their  country  during 
the  war. 

William  Pritchard,  the  author  of  the  poem,  was  a  book- 
seller and  keeper  of  a  circulating  library,  and  carried  on  his 
business  in  Market  Street,  between  Second  and  Front  Streets. 

The  Hughkughkeagh  nation  mentioned  is  a  little  pleas- 
antry, for  the  word  represents  the  sound  made  by  Indians 
when  they  cheer. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     465 

As  to  histories  of  the  Indian  chiefs  whose  names  are 
assumed  upon  this  occasion  by  the  Sachems  of  the  Saint 
Tammany  Society,  three  can  be  identified.  First,  Tammany, 
and  of  him  we  have  given  all  the  information  obtainable. 
Of  lontonque,  or  Cornplanter,  or  Captain  O'Beal  we  have 
just  given  an  account.  Of  Tediescung,  or  Teedyuscung, 
Heckewelder  writes  that  he  was  "  the  last  Delaware  Chief 
in  those  parts  east  of  the  Allegheny  mountains.  His  name 
makes  a  conspicuous  figure  in  the  history  of  Pennsylvania 
previous  to  the  revolution,  and  particularly  towards  the 
commencement  of  the  war  of  1756.  Before  he  was  raised 
to  the  station  of  a  chief,  he  had  signalized  himself  as  an  able 
counsellor  in  his  nation.  In  the  year  1749,  he  joined  the 
Moravian  Indian  congregation,  and  the  following  year,  was 
baptized  by  the  name  of  <  Gideon.'  He  had  been  known 
before  that  under  that  of  *  Honest  John/  and  while  at  the 
head  of  his  nation,  he  was  frequently  distinguished  by  the 
title  of  <  King  of  the  Delawares,'  many  people  called  him 
the  *  War  Trumpet.'  He  was  ambitious,  thought  much  ot 
his  rank  and  abilities ;  liked  to  be  considered  as  the  King 
of  his  country,  and  was  fond  of  having  a  retinue  with  him 
when  he  went  to  Philadelphia  on  business  with  the  govern- 
ment. His  greatest  weakness  was  a  fondness  for  strong 
drink,  the  temptation  of  which  he  could  not  easily  resist. 
This  unfortunate  propensity  was  the  cause  of  his  cruel  and 
untimely  death;  he  was  burnt  in  his  cabin  in  1763." 

We  assume  that,  as  Timothy  Matlack's  name  is  not  men- 
tioned this  year  as  being  secretary,  Mr.  Edward  Pole  held 
the  position  of  master  of  ceremonies,  and  that  in  some  way 
he  must  have  slighted  the  editor  of  the  paper  that  attacked 
him  with  such  vigor. 

The  interchangeableness  of  the  names  Pole  and  Beve- 
ridge  is  shown  by  the  diarist  Hiltzheimer  in  his  accounts  of 
the  dinners  of  the  Saint  Tammany  Society. 

That  other  States  were  worshipping  at  the  same  shrine 
as  the  sons  of  Pennsylvania  is  shown  by  the  following 
account : 


' 
456     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

"KiCHMOND,  VA.,  May  4th,  1786. 

"  Monday  last,  the  1st  instant,  the  Sons  of  St.  Tammany, 
in  memory  of  the  anniversary  of  their  American  Saint, 
gave  a  very  sumptuous  entertainment  at  the  Capitol  in  this 
city,  to  which  were  invited  a  number  of  gentlemen  of  dif- 
ferent nations,  who  participated  with  them  on  the  occasion, 
when  the  following  toasts  were  drank  and  the  day  spent  in 
the  utmost  good  humor. 

"  1.  The  Sons  of  St.  Tammany. — May  the  gallant  spirit 
of  their  sire  animate  their  hosoms  and  fire  them  with  the 
love  of  liberty  and  independence. 

"  2.  Congress. — May  their  wisdom  and  integrity  for- 
ever cement  the  union  and  secure  the  blessings  of  free- 
dom. 

"  3.  Our  late  illustrious  Commander-in-Chief. — May  he 
be  as  happy  as  he  is  beloved. 

"  4.  The  Legislative,  Executive,  and  judiciary,  of  Vir- 
ginia.— May  the  execution  of  this  important  trust  reflect 
splendor  on  their  public  characters,  and  the  love  of  their 
countrymen  attend  them  in  retirement. 

"  5.  Our  Ambassadors  abroad. — May  Republican  zeal 
direct  their  political  talents  and  their  hearts  remain  true 
amidst  the  machinations  of  Courts. 

"  6.  The  Sons  of  St.  Patrick.— May  the  torch  of  friend- 
ship lighted  between  them  and  the  Sons  of  St.  Tammany 
continue  blazing  to  eternity. 

"  7.  Agriculture  and  Commerce. — May  they  go  hand  in 
hand  to  bless  our  country  and  meet  that  encouragement 
they  merit. 

"  8.  The  Seminaries  of  Learning. — While  they  advance 
Science  may  they  diffuse  the  spirit  of  virtue. 

"  9.  The  worthy  sons  of  all  Saints. 

"  10.  May  the  Hatchet  ot  American  politics  never  be 
turned  against  herself. 

"  11.  May  the  Sons  of  St.  Tammany  always  be  disposed 
to  exchange  the  bow  and  tomahawk  for  the  peaceful 
calumet. 


Society  of  th£  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     457 

"  13.  May  the  great  spirit  encircle  the  whole  world  in  the 
belt  of  friendship." 


A  letter  to  the  Packet  from  Savannah,  Georgia,  dated 
May  4,  1786,  is  as  follows : l 

"  On  Monday  the  1st  instant  a  number  of  gentlemen 
from  the  northern  states  met  at  the  hotel  in  this  town  to 
celebrate  the  anniversary  of  St.  Tammany,  their  tutelar 
saint,  where  an  elegant  dinner  was  provided,  and  the  day 
spent  in  the  true  spirit  of  brotherly  conviviality.  At  the 
table  the  following  toasts,  in  the  ancient  and  expressive 
style  of  their  patron,  were  drank,  viz : 

"  1.  St.  Tammany  and  liberty  of  conscience. 

"  2.  Uncle  Hancock  and  the  great  council. 

"  3.  Our  great  brother,  the  King  of  France  and  all  his 
children. 

"  4.  All  our  brothers  beyond  the  great  water. 

"  5.  Our  Messengers  to  all  the  nations. 

"  6.  Brother  Washington  our  head  warrior. 

"  7.  Our  old  Good  brother  Franklin. 

"  8.  The  ladies  that  love  us  and  the  children  they 
bear  us. 

"  9.  Fat  Bucks  and  full  ears  of  corn  in  their  season  for- 
ever. 

"  10.  A  clean  calumet  and  sweet  tobacco  to  all  that  smoke 
with  us. 

"11.  A  fair  trade  for  good  things  with  all  nations. 

"  12.  Wise  laws  in  full  force  throughout  America. 

"13.  The  true  faith  to  our  tawny  brothers,  and  sound 
morals  and  moderation  to  all  Christians. 

"  Should  the  people  of  Georgia,  according  to  the  custom 
of  the  nations  of  Europe,  and  the  example  of  their  northern 
brethren  feel  the  propriety  of  a  patronage  of  this  kind,  they 
will  no  doubt  canonise  this  good,  jolly  old  saint  and  pay 
respect  to  this  day." 

1  Pennsylvania  Packet,  June  6,  1786. 


J 
458     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

"  All  Christian  countries,"  says  the  Savannah  Republican, 
"have  their  tutelar  Saint.  England  has  her  Saint  George, 
Scotland  her  Saint  Andrew;  Ireland  her  Saint  Patrick, 
France  her  Saint  Crispan  and  Spain  her  Santa  Jago.  Li 
this  country,  we  have  Saint  Tammany.  Through  the  Revo- 
lutionary War  the  natal  day  of  this  saint  was  observed 
with  great  respect  by  the  army,  as  well  as  by  the  people. 
It  was  not  till  Mr.  Jefferson's  administration,  when  General 
Dearborn  was  Secretary  of  War  that  the  observance  of  it 
by  the  army  was  dispensed  with  and  the  change  was  made 
then  only  with  the  view  of  carrying  out  the  system  of  re- 
trenchment which  the  President  sought  to  introduce  in  the 
administration  of  the  government.  The  first  fort  built  at 
St.  Mary's  Camden  County  and  perhaps  the  first  in  the 
state  was  called  Fort  Saint  Tammany.  A  gentleman  now 
residing  in  this  city  was  present  while  a  boy  at  a  celebration 
by  the  officers  and  soldiers  stationed  at  the  fort  on  Saint 
Tammany's  Day.  The  May  pole  used  on  the  occasion  was 
a  tree  with  its  branches  and  bark  removed ;  and  around  that 
the  soldiers  danced  and  celebrated  the  day." 

Our  Mr.  Pole  once  more  had  to  stand  the  lash  from  the 
newspapers.  To  better  understand  the  article  which  follows, 
we  would  state  that  Pole's  advertisement  was  one  of  the 
most  constant  and  conspicuous, — a  wood-cut  of  a  fish  heads 
it,  then  follows  the  offering  of  poles  and  fishing-tackle  and 

sporting  goods,  etc.  Who  S dd — S's  was  or  what  the 

transaction  referred  to,  at  this  late  date  is  impossible  to 
state. 

"  MR.  OSWALD  : 

"  As  you  have  hitherto  by  frequent  encomiums  bestowed 
on  me  in  your  newspaper,  contributed  much  towards  the 
establishment  of  my  reputation  as  a  citizen  and  by  frequent 
advertisements  (for  which  you  have  generously  made  no 
charge,)  rendered  my  trade  not  only  flourishing  but  rapid, 
I  take  the  liberty  of  requesting  that  you  will  out  of  your 
neighborly  kindness  by  inserting  the  advertisement  annexed, 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  lammany  of  Philadelphia.     459 

endeavor  to  draw  the  attention  of  the  public  to  that  very 
important  article  of  Buck's  Jails.1 

"  BUCK'S  TAILS. 

"  For  St.  Tammany's  Day  may  be  provided  at  the  Tuft 
and  Tackle  Warehouse  in  Market  Street. 

"  Ye  lovers  of  frolic,  who  blithsome  and  gay, 
Resolve  to  be  merry  on  Tammany's  Day ; 

I  Neddy  the  Sachem,  by  some  surnamed  P e, 

For  a  moment  would  like  your  attention  to  call. 

In  barbarous  days,  ere  America  rose 

The  pride  of  her  Friends,  and  the  scourge  of  her  foes, 

Old  Tammany  bounding  o'er  valley  and  hill, 

Every  deer  that  he  met  would  constantly  kill : 

So  each  of  his  sons  in  remembrance  of  that, 

On  his  birthday  displays  a  Buck's  Tail  in  hig  hat. 

Now  those  who  this  tuft  emblematic  must  buy, 

To  me  let  them  come,  and  their  wants  I'll  supply. 

Since  S dd — S's  deer  skins  I  plundered  of  late, 

I  their  tails  can  retail  at  a  moderate  rate  : 

'Tis  the  joy  of  my  heart  all  my  neighbors  to  fleece  ; 

Come  buy  my  fine  Buck  Tails  at  six-pence  apiece. 

"NEDDY   THE   SACHEM." 

That  the  usual  ceremonies  prevailed  on  May  1,  1787,  we 
can  most  certainly  infer,  though  an  account  of  the  meet- 
ing is  wanting  in  the  public  prints  and  in  its  place  appears 
the  ode  which  follows. 

"ODE   FOR    SAINT   TAMMANY,   THIS   DAY   MAY   1787. 

"  TAMMANY.  Balance  a  straw. 

"Once  more  on  Fair  Schuylkill  we  cheerfully  meet, 
Our  Sachems,  our  warriors,  our  brethren  to  greet ; 
The  Great  King  above,  has  allow' d  us  again 
To  bury  the  hatchet,  and  brighten  the  chain. 
Then  your  hands  all  my  sons — who  for  freedom  have  stood, 
Who  rescued  my  land  at  th'  expense  of  your  blood  : 
Such  honors  in  hist'ry's  bright  annals  shall  shine, 
And  I  glory  to  think  such  bold  heroes  are  mine. 


Independent  Gazetteer,  April  21,  1787. 


' 
460     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

"  FIKST  SACHEM.  Over  the  hills,  &c. 

"Our  hearts  and  hands  are  always  free, 
To  brave  the  storm  for  Tammany  ; 
When  he  commands,  his  sons  obey, 
Over  the  hills  and  far  away. 

"  Chorus. 

' '  Over  the  hills,  like  wind  we  fly, 
To  crush  the  foe,  or  bravely  die  ; 
Our  Saint's  commands  none  disobey, 
Over  the  hills  and  far  away. 

' '  De  capo — the  chorus,  the  whole. 

"  SECOND  SACHEM.  Peas  upon  a  trencher. 

"To  Columbia's  glory, 
Recorded  well  in  story, 
We'll  fill  the  glass, 
And  let  it  pass — 
'  Confusion  to  each  Tory.' 

' '  Chorus  repeated. 

"THIRD  SACHEM.  Once  the  Gods  of  the  Greeks,  &c. 

"Push  about  the  brisk  glass,  'twill  enliven  the  soul, 
'Tis  the  wine  that  absorbs  all  dull  thinking  ; 
E'er  Cupid  himself  must  give  way  to  the  bowl, 
For  his  wounds  are  all  caus'd  by  good  drinking. 

"  Chorus. 

"  For  'tis  wine,  generous  wine,  that  all  sorrow  destroys, 
And  routs  our  vexations  and  care  : 
The  bottle  was  always  a  fountain  of  joy, 
That  wash'd  oif  the  dregs  of  dispair. 

' '  Chorus  repeated. 

"  FOURTH  SACHEM.  The  black  rogue. 

' '  Sing  *  guahee  honigee — honigee,  makoonos, 
Siskee  anarichee,  saturana  waa  ; 
Oroonyagh  makoonos,  satira  nekoonos, 
Sangua  taverana  kenan  anungara. 

"  Chorus. 

"  Drink  round,  drink  round,  each  sachem  and  brother, 
Drink  round,  drink  round,  and  heed  what  I  say  I 
A  day  like  this,  you'll  ne'er  find  another, 
So  let  us  be  cheerful,  brisk,  merry  and  gay. 

"  Chorus  repeated. 


The  Mickmack  dialect. 


Society  of  ttw  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     461 

' '  TAMMANY.  Vaudville-balancc  a  straw. 

''Farewell  ye  fair  banks,  and  ye  fresh  blooming  trees, 
Soft  scenes  of  rich  plenty  and  sweet  smiling  ease  ; 
Again  I  return  to  the  regions  above, 
And  leave  you  my  blessing,  my  wisdom,  my  love. 

"Guard  your  rights  while  you  live,  with  your  swords  and  your  guns, 
And  may  they  descend,  unalloy'd  to  your  sons  I 
While  Sol  on  this  day  shall  propitiously  shine — 
Be  Peace,  Independence,  and  Liberty — thine. 

"  Four  last  lines  repeated. 

"J.  P." 

It  is  very  well  to  know  that  the  first  line  of  the  ode 
makes  the  statement  that 

"Once  more  on  Fair  Schuylkill  we  cheerfully  meet." 

It  is  certainly  very  tantalizing  that  no  mention  of  those 
who  took  part  on  this  occasion  is  given ;  the  only  one  we 
can  be  sure  of  is  Mr.  Edward  Pole.  It  is  worthy  of  note, 
however,  that  diarist  Hiltzheimer,  in  his  diary  of  May  1  ot 
this  year,  states  that  he  dined  at  C.  Breton's  place  on  the 
banks  of  the  Schuylkill  by  appointment  with  the  following 
gentlemen :  N.  Boys,  A.  Qeyer  [Guyer] ,  William  Richards,1 
S.  McLane,  P.  Ozeas,  Philip  Pancake,  John  Purdon,  and 
Mr.  Forbach. 

This  house  is  marked  on  the  map  as  being  on  the  west 
bank  of  the  Schuylkill  at  the  end  of  the  Upper  Ferry,  just 
across  the  public  road  from  Pole's  place.  Whether  this 
was  where  the  Tammany  Society  held  its  meeting  or  not, 
we  cannot  say ;  but  as  Hiltzheimer  was  pretty  certain,  as  we 
learn  from  his  diary,  to  celebrate  the  1st  of  May,  we  are 
inclined  to  think  that  the  party  mentioned  as  dining 
together  were  celebrating  the  day  with  our  Sons. 

The  histories  of  those  of  the  party  that  we  locate  point  to 

their  being  very  patriotic  in  their  ideas  and  actions.     Geyer 

held  commissions  in  the  Revolutionary  army  from  1777  to 

1781.      Philip  Pancake  was  a  captain  under  Colonel  Jona- 

1  Captain  in  the  Pennsylvania  navy. 


462     Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia. 

than  Bayard  Smith,*  both  having  been  associated  in  the 
army  with  members  of  the  Society  that  we  have  mentioned 
before.  One  of  the  Boys  family  was  prominent  at  a  previ- 
ous meeting.  Ozeas  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  year 
following  in  a  civic  procession  celebrating  the  adoption  of 
the  Federal  Constitution.  The  above  with  Hiltzheimer 
seem  to  us  to  be  a  party  that  would  seek  to  keep  up 
the  customs  of  Saint  Tammany's  Day.  About  this  time  the 
advertisement  of  Pole  disappears  from  the  papers,  and 
from  what  Heckewelder  says,  in  his  account  of  Tammany, 
we  are  led  to  think  that  business  misfortunes  had  overtaken 
him,  and  we  are  confirmed  in  this  by  an  advertisement  of 
his  that  appears  in  the  following  year,  of  which  we  will 
speak  later.  It  is  likely  that,  on  account  of  the  above,  the 
nearest  place,  which  was  Breton's,  was  selected  at  which  to 
hold  the  festival  this  year. 

We  now  notice  for  the  first  time  mention  of  the  Tam- 
many Society  of  New  York  which  appears  both  in  the 
Philadelphia  and  New  York  papers  of  this  year.  Strange 
to  say,  in  all  the  histories  of  the  New  York  Society  that 
we  have  seen,  it  is  mentioned  as  starting  two  years  later. 
Here  follows  the  account  of  its  first  meeting. 

"  New  York,  May  4th.1 

"  Tuesday  last  being  St.  Tammany's  Day  (the  Tutelar  St. 
of  America)  the  St.  Tammany  Society  of  this  city  held 
their  anniversary  meeting  at  the  Wigwam  at  Hall's. 

"At  eight  o'clock  P.M.,  the  Society  sat  down  to  an  ele- 
gant supper  provided  by  Mr.  Hall,  after  which  the  following 
toasts  were  drank,  viz  : 

"  1st.  The  Day ;  all  who  honor  it. 

"  2nd.  The  land  of  Liberty. 

"  3d.  Congress  and  their  Allies. 

"4th.  The  State  of  New  York,  and  all  who  wish  its 
prosperity. 

"  5th.  His  Excellency  the  truly  great  and  virtuous  George 
Washington,  Esquire. 

1  Penna.  Packet,  May  11,  1787. 


Society  of  the  Sons  of  Saint  Tammany  of  Philadelphia.     463 

"  6th.  Louis  XVI,  King  of  France ;  his  amiable  Queen 
and  Royal  Family. 

"  7th.  Perpetual  unanimity  and  prosperity  to  the  Sons  of 
St.  Tammany  throughout  the  world. 

"  8th.  The  noble  Patriots  who  fell  in  the  cause  of  Ameri- 
can Liberty. 

"  9th.  May  the  war  hatchet  be  buried,  and  the  pipe  of 
peace  be  smoked  'till  time  shall  be  no  more. 

"  10th.  May  the  industry  of  the  beaver,  the  frugality  of 
the  ant,  the  constancy  of  the  dove,  be  the  perpetual  charac- 
teristicks  of  the  Sons  of  St.  Tammany. 

"  llth.  The  daughters  of  St.  Tammany  and  their  pa- 
pouces. 

"  12th.  May  the  American  chain  never  be  tarnished  by 
the  rust  of  discord. 

"  13th.  May  honor,  virtue,  and  true  sense  of  liberty  and 
a  detestation  of  Slavery,  be  characteristicks  of  Americans 
and  all  their  adopted  brethren. 

"  The  evening  being  spent  with  that  cordiality,  good 
humor  and  love  that  always  prevails  when  Sons  of  St. 
Tammany  meet,  after  drinking  the  above  toasts,  and  sing- 
ing some  excellent  songs  in  honor  of  their  Tutelar  Saint, 
and  smoking  the  pipe  of  peace,  every  man  departed  to  his 
own  Wigwam,  and  hunting  ground — 

"In  hopes  the  ensuing  year  to  spend, 
In  peace  and  love  with  every  friend. 

"A  correspondent  observes  that  the  establishing  the 
St.  Tammany's  Society  does  honor  to  the  promoters,  and 
makes  not  the  least  doubt  but  it  will  be  the  most  respect- 
able society  in  the  city  in  the  course  of  a  little  time." 

(To  be  continued.) 


464    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 


LIFE  OF  MAEGAEET  SHIPPEN,  WIFE  OF  BENEDICT 

AEJSTOLD. 

BY   LEWIS    BURD   WALKER. 

(Concluded  from  page  334.) 

THE   LAST   WILL   AND    TESTAMENT   OF   MARGARET   ARNOLD. 

I  Margaret  Arnold  of  Bryan  ston  Street,  London,  Widow,  do 
make  &  constitute  this  to  be  my  last  Will  &  Testament  in  respect 
to  all  such  Eeal  and  Personal  Estate  as  I  may  die  possessed  of 
in  England  &  its  Dominions — Attached  by  principles  of  the 
strictest  Integrity  as  well  as  in  conformity  to  the  Will  of  my 
late  beloved  Husband,  I  am  earnestly  desirous  of  doing  equal 
justice  to  all  his  children,  having  had  but  little  expended  upon 
them,  and  as  a  very  small  part  of  the  property  I  have  to  be- 
queath has  ever  belonged  to  their  Father,  I  trust  that  in  the 
dispositions  I  am  about  to  make  of  it  they  will  believe  me  actu- 
ated by  principles  of  justice  and  not  doubt  my  sincere  regard 
for  them — It  is  my  wish  that  my  funeral  may  be  as  plain  as  is 
consistent  with  the  situation  of  my  Family,  avoiding  all  super- 
fluous expense,  and  that  my  just  Debts  may  be  paid — To  my 
Daughter  Sophia  Matilda  Arnold  I  give  &  bequeath  all  my  Fur- 
niture, Linnen,  Cloaths,  Trinkets,  Glass,  Books,  Wine  &  all  the 
stores  in  my  House  in  Bryanston  Street,  together  with  the 
Lease  of  the  said  House — I  also  give  &  bequeath  to  her  all  my 
Plate  and  plated  Articles — As  it  is  my  intention,  in  conformity 
to  his  own  wishes,  to  send  my  son  George  to  India,  should  I  die 
before  he  is  equipped,  for  this  purpose  it  is  my  wish  that  he 
should  have  the  means  of  doing  it — I  therefore  give  &  bequeath 
to  him  the  sum  of  Five  hundred  pounds  for  this  purpose,  or  to 
fit  him  out  in  any  other  line  of  life  that  he  may  prefer,  but  in 
case  he  may  be  fitted  out  at  the  time  of  my  decease  I  then  give 
&  bequeath  him  Three  hundred  pounds  only — I  give  &  bequeath 
to  my  sons  Edward  &  James  Arnold  One  hundred  pounds  each, 
and,  after  paying  my  Debts  &  Legacies  as  before  &  hereinafter 
mentioned  it  is  my  Will  that  all  the  remainder  of  my  personal 
property  in  England  may  be  divided  into  Three  equal  parts  or 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.    465 

shares,  one  share  to  be  paid  to  my  daughter  Sophia  Matilda 
Arnold,  and  the  remaining  two  shares  I  give  &  bequeath  to  my 
son  William  Fitch  Arnold — And  I  intreat  my  tenderly  &  equally 
beloved  children  to  believe  that  in  making  this  distribution,  I 
am  actuated  only  by  the  consideration  of  their  different  neces- 
sities— And  it  is  my  Will  that  the  remainder  of  any  property  I 
now  have  not  otherwise  herein  disposed  of,  or  that  I  may  die 
possessed  of,  both  Eeal  &  personal  in  Great  Britain  &  its  Domin- 
ions, namely,  Canada,  New  Brunswic,  to  be  equally  divided  be- 
tween my  sons  Edward  Shippen  Arnold,  James  Eobertson 
Arnold,  George  Arnold  &  William  Fitch  Arnold,  and  my  Daugh- 
ter Sophia  Matilda  Arnold,  their  Heirs  &  Assigns  forever,  But 
in  case  of  the  death  of  either  of  them  before  having  attained 
the  age  of  Twenty  one  years,  that  then  their  part  or  share  go 
to  the  Survivors  of  my  before  named  children  to  be  equally 
divided  between  them,  as  also  all  such  personal  property  already 
herein  specifically  bequeathed  to  them — And  should  my  Execu- 
tors conceive  it  to  be  for  the  benefit  of  my  Children  to  dispose 
of  any  of  the  Property,  either  Eeal  or  Personal  while  they  are 
under  age,  They  are  hereby  authorized  to  do  so,  but  in  the  dis- 
posal of  Eeal  Property  I  require  that  it  should  be  with  the  con- 
currence of  those  who  are  of  age — Col.  William  Fitch  having 
bequeathed  to  my  son  William  the  sum  of  Five  hundred  pounds 
which  was  paid  &  irrevocably  given  by  his  sisters  Anne  &  Sarah, 
and  vested  in  the  three  per  cent  Consols,  amounting  at  this 
time,  with  the  accumulated  Interest  to  Eleven  hundred  &  thir- 
teen pounds  &  eight  pence,  and  a  Deed  of  Trust  having  been 
executed  by  Miss  Anne  Fitch  &  myself,  I  hereby  empower  my 
hereinafter  named  Executors  to  act  jointly  with  Miss  Fitch  as 
Trustees  for  him — And  having  authorized  my  son  Edward  with 
the  concurrence  of  Miss  Fitch  to  draw  Bills  to  the  amount  of 
Eight  hundred  pounds  to  be  paid  out  of  the  above  Trust  money 
in  order  to  obtain  for  it  a  better  interest  in  India,  it  is  my  desire 
should  he  draw  previously  to  hearing  of  my  death,  that  Miss 
Anne  Fitch  as  surviving  Trustee,  in  concurrence  with  my  Ex- 
ecutors, should  pay  his  Bills  from  the  above  Fund  to  the  amount 
of  Six  hundred  pounds,  the  remaining  Two  hundred  pounds 
from  the  money  that  I  have  bequeathed  to  my  Daughter  Sophia, 
the  Interest  of  which  Two  hundred  pounds  to  be  appropriated 
to  her  use,  the  principal  also  to  be  considered  her  property— 
And  I  hereby  constitute  &  appoint  Miss  Anne  Fitch  &  Daniel 
VOL.  XXVI. — 30 


466    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

Coxe,  Esqr,  and  Jonathon  Mallet  Esqr  and  Farguer  Esqr  my 
Executors  to  this  my  last  Will  &  Testament,  In  Witness  whereof 
I  have  hereunto  set  my  Hand  &  Seal  this  Twenty  sixth  day  of 
January  in  the  Year  of  our  Lord  One  thousand  eight  hundred 
&  four  1804 

(signed)  MARGARET  ARNOLD  (seal) 

Signed  Sealed  published  &c 
in  the  presence  of 

JANE  FARGIUER  No.  13  Portland  Place 

E.  CARLOW,  W.  BULL  Servants  to  Testatrix 

A  true  Copy  from  the  Probate  of  Mrs  Arnolds  Will  in  my 
possession,  except  the  above  abbreviation  of  publishment  &c. 

(signed)  DAN.  COXE,  Surv.  Extr. 

LONDON  24th  Aug.  1807. 


THE    LAST    WILL    AND    TESTAMENT    OP    BENEDICT   ARNOLD. 

I,  Benedict  Arnold  of  the  City  of  London  being  of  sound 
Mind  and  Memory  do  make  and  constitute  this  my  last  Will  and 
Testament  in  manner  following. 

Inprimis.  It  is  my  Will  that  all  my  Just  Debts  and  Funeral 
Expenses  be  first  paid ;  the  latter  I  request  may  be  only  decent 
but  by  no  means  attended  with  any  expence  that  can  possibly 
be  avoided. 

Item.  I  give  to  my  Sister,  Hannah  Arnold  Forty  pounds 
Sterling  per  annum  during  her  natural  Life  to  be  paid  to  her 
annually  out  of  Interest  of  such  Monies  or  Income  of  such 
Estate  as  I  may  die  possessed  of,  provided  she  shall  and  does 
give  up  to  my  Heirs  or  Executors  all  Obligations  that  she  may 
have  against  me ;  and  also  does  relinquish  all  Claims  against  my 
Estate,  except  for  the  Annuity  before  mentioned. 

Item.  I  give  and  bequeath  to  my  sons  Richard  and  Henry 
all  Sums  of  Money  that  they  are  in  any  wise  Indebted  to  me ; 
and  having  in  the  course  of  the  last  and  present  year  written 
to  them  to  Draw  Bills  of  Exchange  upon  me  in  London  for  the 
following  Sums  of  Money,  Yiz ;  One  hundred  and  eighty  pounds 
Sterling  (to  make  up  a  sum  of  three  hundred  pounds,  part  of 
which  I  have  paid  to  them)  to  enable  them  to  Build  and  Stock 


Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold.    467 

their  farm  in  Canada.  Also  two  hundred  and  thirty  pounds 
Sterling  to  enable  them  to  pay  two  protested  Bills ;  as  also  three 
hundred  and  sixty  pounds  sterling  to  enable  them  to  pay  all 
their  Debts  due  in  January  1801,  to  the  total  amount,  adding 
these  sums,  of  Seven  hundred  and  seventy  pounds  Sterling.  I 
give  and  bequeath  the  before  mentioned  Sums  of  Money  to  ray 
Sons,  Eichard  and  Henry  equally ;  and  it  is  my  Will  and  Pleasure 
that  these  Bills  of  Exchange  for  the  before  mentioned  Sums  be 
honored  by  my  Executors,  and  paid  out  of  the  Estate  I  may  die 
possessed  of. 

Item.  I  Give  Devise  and  Bequeath  to  my  Beloved  Wife  her 
Heirs,  Executors  and  Administrators  all  my  Estate  both  Real 
and  Personal  that  I  may  die  possessed  of,  after  paying  my  Debts 
and  Legacies  as  before  and  herein  after  mentioned,  for  her  own 
use  and  benefit  during  her  continuing  a  Widow  and  to  be  dis- 
posed of  among  all  my  Children  at  her  Death,  as  she  may  think 
proper,  not  doubting  her  doing  them  all  equal  justice.  But 
should  she  Marry  again,  Then  it  is  in  that  case,  my  Will  and 
Pleasure  that  all  my  property  shall  be  divided  among  my  Chil- 
dren upon  her  second  Marriage,  and  in  that  case,  I  hereby  Give, 
Devise  and  Bequeath  all  my  Estate  both  Real  and  Personal  that 
I  may  have,  or  die  possessed  of  to  my  Children  to  be  divided 
among  them  in  such  equal  proportions  as  my  beloved  Wife  shall 
think  Just  and  Proper,  consideration  being  had  to  these  Sums 
of  Money  that  they  have  already  received  and  that  have  been 
Expended  upon  them  for  their  Education,  &c.  And  Considera- 
tion being  also  had  to  their  respective  Ages  and  Situations  in 
Life,  not  doubting  that  she  will  do  them  all  equal  Justice  as  she 
knows  it  is  and  has  always  been  my  intention  (as  my  affection 
has  been  equally  divided  among  them)  to  make  an  equal  provis- 
ion for  them  all. 

Item.  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  to  John  Sage,  now  in 
Canada,  living  with  my  Sons  there  (being  about  14  years  of 
age)  Twelve  hundred  Acres  of  Land,  being  part  of  a  Grant  ol 
thirteen  thousand  four  hundred  Acres  of  Land  made  to  me  as 
an  Half  Pay  Officer  for  myself  and  Family  by  Order  of  the 
Duke  of  Portland,  by  his  Letter  directed  to  Peter  Russell  Esqr. 
President  of  the  Council  in  Upper  Canada,  dated  the  12th  ot 
June  1798,  which  said  1200  Acres  of  Land  I  give  to  him  to  be 
located  altogether  in  one  place  out  of  the  before  mentioned 
Grant  as  my  Executors  may  judge  equal  and  fair.  I  also  do 


I 

468    Life  of  Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of  Benedict  Arnold. 

hereby  give  and  bequeath  to  the  said  John  Sage  twenty  pounds 
per  annum  to  be  paid  to  my  Sons  Kichard  and  Henry  for  his 
use  for  Board  Cloathing  and  Education  untill  he  shall  be  of  the 
Age  of  Twenty  one  Years  to  be  paid  out  of  the  Estate  I  may 
die  possessed  of —  I  also  give  and  bequeath  to  the  said  John 
Sage,  fifty  pounds  to  be  paid  to  him  when  he  shall  attain  the 
age  of  twenty  one  Years. 

1  do  hereby  Constitute  and  Appoint  my  Beloved  Wife  Sole 
Executrix  to  this  my  last  Will  and  Testament.  And  in  case  my 
Wife  should  Marry  again  or  die  Intestate,  I  do  hereby  Constitute 
and  Appoint  Miss  Ann  Fitch  and  Miss  Sarah  Fitch  of  Devon- 
shire Street,  Joint  Trustees  to  manage  my  Estate,  and  carry 
this  my  Will  in  Execution,  and  they  are  hereby  authorized 
(should  it  be  necessary)  to  Sell  any  part  of  my  Eeal  Estate  for 
that  purpose,  and  to  give  receipts  to  the  Purchasers  for  the 
Purchase  Money  which  shall  be  considered  as  good  and  valid. 

But  should  my  Wife  die  Intestate,  I  do  hereby  give,  devise 
and  bequeath  to  all  my  Children  all  my  Estate  both  Real  and 
Personal,  that  I  may  die  possessed  of  after  paying  my  Legacies, 
&c.  Viz.  The  whole  to  be  divided  into  twelve  equal  shares ;  and 
to  Sophia  I  give  four  shares  ;  to  William  I  give  two  shares  ;  to 
George  I  give  two  shares ;  and  to  Richard,  Henry,  Edward  and 
James,  I  give  each  one  share,  and  I  do  hereby  Appoint  the  be- 
fore named  Trustees  to  see  the  same  carried  into  Execution. 

And  I  do  hereby  Constitute  and  Appoint  my  Beloved  Wife 
Sole  Executrix  to  this  my  last  Will  and  Testament. 

In  Witness  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  seal  in 
London  this  30th  day  of  August  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  One 
Thousand  eight. hundred. 

BENEDICT  ARNOLD.     (Seal.) 

Signed,  Sealed,  and  Published  by  Brigadier  General  Benedict 
Arnold  as  his  Last  Will  and  Testament  in  the  presence  of  us 
who  subscribe  our  names  as  Witnesses  hereof  and  in  his  Pres- 
ence, and  in  the  Presence  of  each  other. 

HARRIET  NEWPORT 

ANN  PRINCE 

WILLIAM  YOUNG. 


New  Building  for  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.    469 


NEW  BUILDING  FOR  THE  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY 
OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

The  following  circular  has  been  issued  to  the  members 
of  the  Historical  Society : 

THE  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA, 
No.  1300  LOCUST  STREET,  PHILADELPHIA. 

DEAR  SIR: 

The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  is  about  to  take  a 
very  important  step.  Its  invaluable  and  constantly  growing 
collection  of  books,  manuscripts,  portraits,  etc.,  in  many  lines 
unequalled  by  that  of  any  other  institution  in  the  world,  im- 
peratively demands  enlarged  accommodations.  The  entire 
available  space  in  the  present  structure  is  so  crowded  that 
proper  facilities  for  the  examination  and  consultation  of  these 
original  sources  of  historical  information  cannot  be  afforded. 
The  Society  is  therefore  confronted  with  a  grave  problem,  which 
can  only  be  solved  by  a  modified  reconstruction  of  the  present 
building,  with  such  additions  as  will  meet  ever-increasing  re- 
quirements. The  new  work  and  the  old,  extended  and  improved, 
must  be  of  the  best  modern  construction  and  absolutely  fire- 
proof, since  much  of  the  material  intrusted  to  the  care  of  the 
Society  is  of  priceless  value,  and,  once  destroyed,  its  loss  would 
be  irreparable.  Such  reconstruction  and  addition  will  demand 
an  outlay  of  about  two  hundred  thousand  dollars.  Towards  the 
accomplishment  of  this  object,  a  distinguished  President  of  the 
Society,  the  late  Charles  J.  Stille,  LL.D.,  made  a  most  liberal 
bequest,  and  we  hope  for  the  cordial  encouragement  and  finan- 
cial support  of  other  members  and  friends  of  the  Society,  who, 
being  apprised  of  the  great  urgency  of  our  needs,  will  un- 
doubtedly contribute  to  the  work  with  their  accustomed  gener- 
osity. The  Trustees  of  the  Building  Fund  ask  your  personal 
interest  and  active  co-operation  in  this  enterprise,  and  an  early 
response  on  the  enclosed  subscription  blank  will  be  cordially 
welcomed  by  them. 

Yours  respectfully, 

SAMUEL  W.  PENNYPACKER, 
WILLIAM  BROOKE  RAWLE, 
THOMAS  G.  MORTON, 
Trustees  of  the  Building  Fund. 


470     Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


Ship  Begisters  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


471 


472     Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775. 


2                  1 

-M       S       oT               S 

l^aa     1 

§                 1 

?ss     1 

J 

3  *            M    $ 

V        O                                                  *~^ 

1   o                       §       § 
£>  0  .2              "      tf 

J 

tSfes,      « 

•»!•{! 

\ 

"*""    cd  T1                     § 

•73 

-M       §^     O       g 

8" 

3  t  &               §       g 

^ 

,P 

1  5S  a  6  1  *s 

i 

S          !2} 

PH 

PH                    H 

CO 
<M 

p 

t> 

i 

i-H 

^        fe       pq 

a 

1 

"^ 

^                  r§ 

a 

•"S 

OF  PHILADELPH] 

2    1    |   1 

i       -5      -S"  "2  'I      ^ao 
i.Sl<§g^g§-og,|.g 

ij|-5!^|lfil 
|g|l5-s"4i|i 

3^3  ^Ig^^-aCa 

i£    £sI*§°J0g 

Eobert  Thornbury 
Eobert  Seaton  and  Je 
of  Dublin,  Ireland 

||          ||| 

.P    oT        ^    OD  5  "C  ^ 

j^^^1!  -s  il 

J<S|||:3|<S 

H 

'H 

0 

«S                         § 

t« 

rH 

~t5                *       >> 

P"» 

^ 

w     * 

^2                   p        ^ 

*3            £                            cS           H 

3B 

g 

B  I 

i    pq       _j                 pq       pp 

aa            ^3                         "£            S 

.9 

o                    P 
PH                    P^ 

r£ 

§          ^                        1          •£ 

p 

<S                     P 

2                   ^                                       f^H                   P 

H 

g 

•-5       S                 O       pq 

•§ 

1-5 

^        4 

EH 

1 

B 

O        -2 

02 

°8                 ^        8 
fe»      t3                1 

1 

M      1 

O>                 Q                                      P                 P 

f>          ^2                         P          OQ 

0 

i-            -8 

fc 
i 

s-i            O                           rt 

w    2         Is 

•^     3*            .&     | 

0, 

3                  § 

a          s 

A                   &, 

•^     pq            1     £ 

1 

o                    o 

-#        ^                   ot- 

T—  t 

CO                                rH 

1 

T^ 

CO 

1      1             1      1 

i 

1-5 

1                -§ 

^H                                    fe 

Ship  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775.     473 


o 
I 

w 

I 

PQ 


I 


I 


474     £%  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1786-1775. 


15 


^a   ®    ~    *> 
o  a.  a  a 


8   I 


«  a5 

a  3   S 

§  3  I  S^ 

M  £  cc 


2  8  _!  -H  ff 

&  §  -5  3  ^ 

»        §  O      ^J  C+H 

g     ^  rQ        W  O 

PH  W  « 


|| 
II 

K  §3 
Js^ 
S  a 

^     03 

^a 
^& 


1 
I 


O)      a 

•jfS 

§  8 

?4 


i 


^2  "o§^^«2        ?'^l'i      i1^ 

13          SE^S*       w^3.s^l3 


«^o 

1S1- 

o  9  a  a 
fi  *8  I  * 

H  ^  & 


o 


!i 

5  S  ^ 


8 

§ 
5 


I 


OQ 

I 

53 


8 


I 


Skip  Registers  for  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  1726-1775.     476 


g 


s 


<0 

>. 


I 


J 
476  The  Late  Charles  Hare  Hutchinson. 


Xate  Cbarles  Mare  IHutcbinaon* 

We  regret  to  announce  the  death  of  Charles  Hare 
Hutchinson,  Esq.,  which  took  place  at  Paris,  France,  on 
October  4,  1902.  He  became  a  Life  Member  of  the  His- 
torical Society  of  Pennsylvania  November  12,  1855 ;  was 
elected  a  Councillor  May  25,  1885,  and  Vice-President 
May  8,  1899.  He  was  also  a  Trustee  of  the  Publication 
and  Binding  Funds  and  of  the  Gilpin  Library. 

Mr.  Hutchinson  was  born  at  Lisbon,  Portugal,  February 
13,  1833,  while  his  father,  Israel  Pemberton  Hutchinson, 
was  United  States  Consul  at  that  city.  He  was  a  grandson 
of  Dr.  James  Hutchinson,  Director  of  Hospitals,  Physician- 
General,  and  Surgeon-General  of  Pennsylvania  during  the 
Eevolution,  and  of  Charles  Willing  Hare,  Esq.,  Professor 
in  the  Department  of  Law  in  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  a  descendant  of  Charles  Willing,  mayor  of  Phila- 
delphia in  1748  and  1754,  and  of  Edward  Shippen,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Provincial  Council  of  Pennsylvania,  1702-04, 
and  mayor  of  Philadelphia,  1701.  He  was  graduated 
Bachelor  of  Arts  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1852, 
afterwards  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Phil- 
adelphia. He  was  President  of  the  Athenaeum,  a  director 
of  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts  and  of  the  Genealogical  So- 
ciety, a  member  of  the  Colonial  Society,  the  Society  of 
Colonial  Wars,  and  the  Pennsylvania  Society  of  Sons  of 
the  Revolution. 

Mr.  Hutchinson  was  distinguished  for  his  interest  in 
history,  literature,  and  art,  and  was  a  liberal  benefactor  of 
institutions  which  fostered  them.  He  had  printed  at  his 
expense  an  edition  of  Wood's  "  History  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,"  by  the  late  Dr.  Frederick  D.  Stone.  His 
death  entails  a  loss  not  only  on  our  own  Society,  but  to  the 
higher  interests  of  our  whole  community. 


Notes  and  Queries. 


477 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

"Wotes. 

ROLL  OP  MAJOR  THOMAS  CHURCH'S  COMPANY,  FOURTH  PENN- 
SYLVANIA LINE,  with  dates  of  enlistment. — 

Sergeants. 

January      15,  1777,  Promoted   Sergeant 
October  5,  1777. 

February    10,  1777,  Corporal  to  Febru- 
ary 11,  1780. 

June  17,  1777,  Corporal  to  June  7, 

1780. 

Corporals. 

February    11,  1777. 

March  5,  1778,  Promoted  Corporal 

July  6,  1780. 
Fifer. 

March          1,  1779. 


Michael  Redman, 
Alexander  King, 
George  Donnelly, 


Matthew  Hamilton, 
John  Ward, 


Abraham  Vanbrimer, 


Joseph  Camp, 


John  Chickney, 
John  McCormack, 
John  Garvey, 
Thomas  Harvey, 
Stophel  Mingle, 
Henry  Harmody, 
Maims  Shank, 
Frederick  Hill, 
Caspar  Slicker, 
Abraham  Hodge, 
Edward  Lafferty, 
Christian  Beagle, 
John  Martin, 
William  Read, 


MUSTER  OP  THE  CORPS  COMMANDED  BY  CAPT.  JOHN  PAUL  SCHOTT, 
taken  from  1*  October,  1779,  to  1  April,  1780.— 
John  Paul  Schott,  Captain,  September  6,  1776,  acting  Pay  Master. 
Antoni  Selin,  Captain,  December  10,  1777. 
Lawrence  Myers,  1st  Lieut.,  April  9,  1777,  Adjutant. 
Conrad  Latour,  2d  Lieut.,  April  29,  1777. 


Privates. 

January 

1, 

1777, 

Promoted 

Corporal 

May  2,  1778,  Ser- 

geant   June    19, 

1780. 

October 

28, 

1778. 

August 

1, 

1777. 

January 

1, 

1777. 

February 

25, 

1777. 

May 

11, 

1778. 

June 

28, 

1778. 

May 

12, 

1778. 

May 

12, 

1778. 

March 

10, 

1778. 

January 

1, 

1777. 

March 

11, 

1778. 

May 

12, 

1778. 

February 
October 

10, 
15, 

1777. 

1778, 

Promoted 

Corporal 

February  1,  1781. 

478 


Notes  and  Queries. 


John  Geelecke, 


Hugh  Cromwell, 
Jonathan  Bonwell, 
Christian  Swanhiser, 
Jacob  Reynert, 
Tobias  Ritter, 
Peter  Carback, 
Gabriel  Kline, 
William  Gennis, 


Sergeant. 

February    25,  1777,  Discharged. 


Privates. 

March 
March 
January 
March 


1,  1777. 
10,  1777. 

1,  1779. 
10,  1777. 


February    18,  1777,  Discharged. 
March  1,  1777,  Discharged. 

May  8,  1777. 

November  24,  1777. 


CAPTAIN  SELIN'S  COMPANY. 
Sergeants. 


Henry  Leiders,  Q.  M.  S.,  April 
Francis  McGarran,  July 

Henry  Singer,  August 

John  Slinhiser,  July 

Martin  Lantz,  February 

Frederick  Lebe,  March 


15,  1777. 

18,  1777,  with  D.  Q.  M.  Gen1. 
9,  1777. 
27,  1777. 
13,  1780. 
22,  1777. 


George  Marx, 
Samuel  Hewlet, 


William  Mara, 


Corporals. 

January      24,  1777,  Furlough  Reading. 
March  8,  1777. 

Drummer. 

March         22,  1777,  Discharged. 


Privates. 


James  Ridgway, 
Christopher  Felts, 
John  Leverin, 

John  Track, 
George  Kerse, 
John  Poorhan, 
Martin  Breckhall, 
Jacob  Frey, 
Owen  Cooley, 
Henry  Till, 
William  Durn, 
John  Breeker, 
Adam  Seibert, 
Henry  Tradcher, 
John  Bevgell, 
Valentine  Keyser, 
John  Roge, 
Basil  Lewis, 
Michael  Track, 

October 
February 
March 

March 
March 
August 
March 

March 
June 
March 
February 
March 
May 
February 
February 
February 
April 

25,  1776. 

9,  1777. 

20,  1777,  Furlough  Yellow 
Springs. 

9,  1777. 

9,  1777. 

6,  1778. 
15,  1777. 

25,  1777. 
17,  1778. 
22,  177 7,  Furlough  Baltimore. 

13,  1780,  Joined. 
28,  1777. 

9,  1777,  Command  Easton. 
6,  1777,  Discharged. 
6,  1777,  Discharged. 
6,  1777,  Discharged. 

14,  1777. 


Notes  and  Queries.  479 

VACANT  COMPANY. 

Jacob  Hiff,  Sergeant,  August         9,  1777. 

Andrew  Hamber,  Corporal,  March  12,  1777,  Discharged. 
Daniel  Shitz,  Corporal,  March  12,  1777,  Discharged. 
John  Kehler,  private,  September  6,  1777. 

Adam  Brandhefer,  private,    March  5,  1777. 

Henry  Keck,  private,  March          6,  1777. 

Then  mustered  Cap.  Schott's  company  as  specified  in  the  above 
Eoll. 

ZEBN  BUTLER,  Col.  Om<u 

by  order  of  Mai.  Gen.  Sullivan. 
WYOMING,  28  March,  1780. 

"  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  OFFSPRING  OF  WILLIAM  MAUL  AND  BETHIAH 
GUTHRIE,  ANCESTORS  OF  THE  LOGAN  FAMILY  ;"  the  original  manu- 
script being  in  the  possession  of  Mrs.  Gulielma  Rowland,  Wilmington, 
Delaware. 

An  Acco*  of  the  Numerous  of  spring  of  Will™  Maul  &  Bethiah  Outhrie  hi* 

Wife  father  to  the  great  grandmother  of  James  Logan  Secretary  of 

ye  Province  of  Pensilvania. 

Willm  Maul  was  son  to Maul  of  Panmure  &  Arburthnet,  daugh- 
ter to  the  Viscount  Arburthnet.  He  had  3  brothers  1  Maul  of  Pan- 
mure  whose  son  was  created  an  Earl  by  K.  James  ye  1st  of  Engld  &  is  in 
an  florishing  condition  at  this  day  (2d  James  Maul  of  Guldie.)  (3. 
henry  Maul  of  Skrein  (?)  he  married  Bethiah  Maul  daughter  of  y«  Laird 

of  Lunnen  chief  of  Guthries  & Henderson  daughter  to  the  Laird  of 

Jordell.  She  had  to  her  2d  brother  Mr  Alexander  Guthries  Heritable 
Clark  of  Edinburgh  whose  son  sold  it  for  an  Estate  of  4000  Marks  per 

Anno  her  Ists  Sister Guthry  was  married  to  the  Right  honble  y* 

Earl  of  Belleary  of  whom  this  present  Earl  is  descended  &  another 
sister  married  upon  one  Henderson  a  rich  merchant  in  Edinburgh  He 
had  by  his  wife  bethiah  Guthrie  a  son  who  dyed  young  &  7  daughters  all 
honourably  married  1  Marrion  2  Bethiah  3  Margaret  4  Isabel  5  hellenor 
6  Janet  7  Bessie. 

1  Marrion  was  married  to  Sr  Alex  Seton  brother  to  the  Laird  of 
Touch.  He  was  a  Ld  of  ye  Session  (his  Title  My  Lord  Killereich)  his 
son  was  Sr  Alex  who  bought  the  Estate  of  Greddon  in  the  Mere  &  Willm 
Minr  of  Greddon  Sr  Alex  had  to  his  son  Sr  Walter  who  bought  the  lands 
of  Abercorn  &  he  had  a  son  of  the  same  name  now  alive  who  sold  Aber- 
corn  and  has  another  Estate  &  is  an  Advocate  &  married  his  own  Cousin 
youngest  sister  to  Majr  General  Murray  in  holld  He  has  a  sister  Lady 
barbowrie  near  Edinburgh.  These  are  the  Most  considerable  of  her 
Offspring : 

2d  Bethiah  was  marrd  to  James  Murray  a  brother  of  Philiphaugh  a  rich 
Merch*  in  Edinburgh  he  bought  y«  Estate  of  Skirlen.  He  had  by  her 
3  sons  all  Knights  1  Sr  James  Murray  of  Skirlen  2d  Sr  Rob*  Murray  of 
Priestfield  provost  of  Edinburgh.  3  Sr  Patrick  Murray  of  Deuchars 
and  a  Daughter  Bethia  married  to  Elleis  of  Stenmelns.  Sr  James  had 
a  son  of  the  same  name  his  Lady  was  Hamilton  a  daughter  of  Prestons 
whose  offspring  yet  enjoys  the  Estate  &  the  Honour.  Sr  Robert  has  a 
son  now  a  Major  Gen1  in  holld  &  has  a  fine  Scotch  Regem1  &  had  the  honr 
to  save  the  Duke  of  Malbour. 


480  Notes  and  Queries. 

^ 

to  Mr  Rob1  Row  Minr  of  Abercorn  by  whom  she  had  children  4  now 
alive  &  yn  Mr.  Row  dying  she  marrd  Mr  Luke  Greenshield  now  Minr  at 
Dunagan  in  Ireland  who  has  only  by  her  James  now  Minr  at  Tynan  in 
the  County  of  Armaugh  writter  of  this  acco*  Eliz  is  yet  alive  having 
Survived  all  her  brothers  sisters  &  Cousin  Germans  by  her  Mother  & 
is  about  80  years  of  Age  1706  and  is  the  only  Surviving  Grandchild  of 
Wm  Maul  &  Bethiah  Guthrie.  5  Helenor  was  marrd  upon  Sr  Morison  of 
Prestongrange  who  bore  him  Sr  Alex  Wm  &  Robert  (Sr  Alex  Succeeded 
him  &  Married  Colt  Rougheads  daughter  by  Whom  he  had  several  Chil- 
dren Wm  now  Laird  &  a  Daughter  marrd  to  Sr  Bennet  of  Grubbet 

Marrd  to  my  Ld  Direleton.)  Helen  had  5  Daughters  1  Bethiah  2  Kathn 
3  Bessie  4  Nicholas  5  hellenor  Bethia  was  marrd  to  Sr  Robert  Spotswood 
Ld  President  of  the  Session  son  to  Prime  Spotswood  who  has  a  grandson 
John  an  Advocate  &  Laird  of  Spotswood  Kathn  Marrd  Sr  Hume  of 
Wedderburn  an  Accient  Knight  after  Wedderburns  death  she  Marrd  the 
Laird  of  [MS.  ends]. 

HOWARD  M.  JENKINS,  who  died  suddenly  October  11,  1902,  at  Buck 
Hill  Falls,  the  Quaker  Summer  Colony,  in  Monroe  County,  Pennsylva- 
nia, was  an  esteemed  contributor  to  this  magazine.  The  following 
are  some  of  his  contributions:  " Fragments  of  a  Journal  kept  by 
Samuel  Foulke,  of  Bucks  County,  while  a  Member  of  the  Colonial  As- 
sembly of  Pennsylvania;"  "The  Name  Gwynedd  ;"  "Genealogical 
Sketch  of  Gen.  W.  S.  Hancock;"  "The  Foulke  Family  of  Gwynedd, 
Pennsylvania  ;"  "The  Family  of  William  Penn  ;"  and  "  The  Mother 
of  Lincoln."  He  was  also  the  author  of  "Historical  Collections  of 
Gwynedd,"  "  History  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,"  and  was  engaged 
at  the  time  of  his  death  on  a  history  of  the  "State  of  Pennsylvania." 
For  many  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  editorial  staff  of  the  Friendi 
Intelligencer.  Mr.  Jenkins  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Historical  So- 
ciety of  Pennsylvania,  December  22,  1882. 

PERSONAL. — Hon.  Samuel  Whitaker  Pennypacker,  LL.D.,  President 
of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  was  elected  Governor  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  November  4,  1902. 

JOHN  W.  JORDAN,  Assistant  Librarian  of  the  Historical  Society  ot 
Pennsylvania,  and  Editor  of  the  PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE  OF  HIS- 
TORY AND  BIOGRAPHY,  has  received  from  Lafayette  College  the  hon- 
orary degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 

JASPER  YEATES'S  GOLD  WATCH. — The  following  letter  and  bill  are 
in  the  possession  of  your  contributor : 

DEAR  SIR. 

I  send  by  this  opportunity  the  Watch  you  desired  me  to  purchase, 
in  the  Care  of  Mess"  Carson,  Barclay  &  Mitchell,  to  whom  I  have  en- 
closed a  Bill  of  Lading  signed  by  Falconer. 

The  watch  is  made  by  Wagstaffe  whose  character  as  a  Workman,  and 
a  man  of  Integrity  is  much  respected  here  ; — he  warrants  her  for  seven 
years,  and  if  you  should  not  like  her,  he  will  return  your  money  or 
give  you  another  more  agreeable  to  you.  He  will  repair  her  at  any 
time  you  think  proper  to  send  her  over,  without  making  any  Charge. 

I   shall   think   myself  happy  in   rendering  you  any  Service  in  my 


Notes  and  Queries.  481 

power  while  in  England.     My  best  Compliments  to  Mrs.  Yeates  and  to 
Mr.  Shippen  &  his  good  family. 

I  am  Dr  Sr 

Yr  most  hble  Serv1 

PHINEAS  BOND  Jr. 
Middle  Temple, 

London, 
Jan*  27th  1771. 
[Endorsed  "To  JASPER  YEATES  ESQ»,  Lancaster."] 

PHINEAS  BOND, 

Bought  of  THOS  WAGSTAFFE, 

A  fine  Gold  Watch  cap*  9  Jeweled,  Silver  Wheels  —  name 
Tho8  Wagstaflfe  London  No  6267,  with  Gold  Seal  sett  with 
Coran  &  cut  with  Cypher  &  fine  Steel  Chain  ....     £27.0.0. 
Eeceived  the  Contents  in  full  for  Tho8  Wagstaffe. 

G.  COOPER. 

DANIEL  DULANY  THE  ELDER  (PENNA.  MAG.,  Vol.  XXIV.  p. 
395).  —  In  the  Dulany  Papers  in  the  Maryland  Historical  Society,  which 
has  assiduously  arranged  and  indexed  them,  one  finds  the  epitaph  pro- 
posed to  be  inscribed  on  the  family  tomb  to  his  memory  in  the  hand- 
writing of  his  son  Walter.  This  paper  was  unknown  at  the  time  that 
an  inscription  was  by  due  authority  placed,  in  July,  1900,  upon  the  re- 
maining space  on  the  top  stone,  necessarily  brief  for  lack  of  room. 
Doubtless,  Hon.  Walter  Dulany  had  designed  it  for  one  of  the  sides 
of  the  altar  tomb,  but  his  filial  intention  was  not  consummated. 

It  is  as  follows  : 

Here  are  deposited  the  Eemains  of  the  Honble  Daniel  Dulany  Esqr  one 
of  his  Lordship's  Council,  Com'ry  General  and  formerly  Att'y  General 
&  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Admiralty  in  the  Province  of  Maryland.  In 
the  discharge  of  each  of  those  offices  he  was  conspicuous  for  his  As- 
siduity Uprightness  &  Abilities.  But  the  first  gave  a  more  ample 
Scope  for  the  Exertion  of  his  benevolent  Disposition  &  umblemished 
Integrity.  To  the  Widow  &  the  orphan  he  was  ever  a  powerful  Protector, 
and  the  ignorant  he  advised  with  clearness  &  condescension,  to  the  In- 
iquities of  designing  men  he  was  an  unrelenting  Enemy  &  to  the  simple 
&  oppressed  a  firm  and  persevering  friend.  His  conduct  in  every 
public  Station  every  good  Citizen  wou'd  wish  his  Successor  to  imitate  he 
was  equall'd  by  few  in  Abilities  &  excelled  by  none  in  Integrity.  In 
all  the  Duties  of  a  private  charge  what  he  was  how  amiable  as  a  Hus- 
band, a  Father,  a  Friend,  a  Master,  is  remember'  d  with  the  deepest 
Sorrow  but  cannot  be  described. 

T.  H.  M. 


KNICKERBOCKER.  —  Can  you  tell  me  whether  any  descendants  of 
Diedrich  Knickerbocker  belong  to  the  wealthy,  select  society  of  New 
York  or  this  city  ?  I  never  see  in  the  papers  any  one  bearing  his  name, 
so  suppose  if  there  are  any  relatives  living  they  are  known  by  other 
names. 

M.  J.  JOHNSON. 

VOL.  xxvi.  —  31 


I 

482  Notes  and  Queries. 

% 

WOOD. — Can  any  one  identify  James  Wood,  whose  marriage  to  Cath- 
arine Davies  took  place  at  Christ  Church  8mo.  19,  1732?  Could  this 
be  James  Wood,  of  Whitpain  Township,  who  was  married  about  this 
time,  and  family  tradition  says  to  Catharine  Dawes  ? 

H.  D.  CRANOR. 

CONSHOHOOKEN,  PENNSYLVANIA. 

BRECKENRIDGE. — Information  is  desired  as  to  the  record  of  the  pas- 
sage of  Alexander  Breckenridge  and  family  from  Ireland  to  Philadel- 
phia, supposedly  in  the  year  1728,  and  in  a  vessel  bearing  a  name  similar 
to  the  "George  and  Annie"  or  the  "Eliza  Annie."  Also  a  clue  to  his 
place  of  residence  between  above  date  and  1738  or  1740,  when  he  settled 
in  Augusta  County,  Virginia.  Tradition  says  that  he  lived  in  the  Cum- 
berland Valley  of  Pennsylvania. 

JAMES  M.  BRECKENRIDGE. 

TWELFTH  AND  SPKUCE  STREETS,  ST.  Louis,  MISSOURI. 


;fi$oofc  Iflotfces. 

SAYRE  FAMILY — LINEAGE  OF  THOMAS  SAYRE,  A  FOUNDER  OF  SOUTH- 
AMPTON. By  Theodore  M.  Banta.  New  York,  1901.  8vo.  759 
pages. 

The  great  amount  of  data  collected  by  Mr.  Banta  relating  to  Thomas 
Sayre,  of  Southampton,  Long  Island,  the  founder  of  the  family  in 
America,  his  four  sons  and  their  descendants,  indicates  the  energetic 
labors  of  the  compiler.  The  work  is  well  printed,  copiously  illustrated, 
and  contains  that  valuable  adjunct,  a  very  full  index. 

THE  PRONOUNCING  GAZETTEER  AND  GEOGRAPHICAL  DICTIONARY 
OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS,  with  maps,  charts,  and  illustrations,  pre- 
pared by  DeB.  Eandolph  Keim,  of  the  Bureau  of  Insular  Affairs,  War 
Department,  has  just  been  issued.  The  work  contains  a  wealth  of  in- 
formation concerning  our  Oriental  possessions,  from  authoritative  and 
official  sources. 

PROCEEDINGS  AND  COLLECTIONS  OF  THE  WYOMING  HISTORICAL  AND 
GEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  for  the  year  1901.  Vol.  VII.  258  pages. 
Wilkes-Barre,  1902.  Illustrated.  Edited  by  Kev.  Horace  E. 
Hayden. 

This  volume  contains  several  papers  which  will  prove  of  great  value 
to  historians  and  genealogists,  the  original  manuscripts  being  in  the 
possession  of  the  Society.  The  "Orderly-Book  of  Colonel  Zebulon 
Butler,  at  Wyoming,  August  to  December,  1778  ;"  "Correspondence  of 
Colonel  Zebulon  Butler,  June  to  December,  1778  ;"  "Original  Eecords 
of  Putnam  Township,  Luzerne  County,  1772;"  "Marriage  Eecords  of 
Eev.  John  Miller,  Abington  Township,  1802-1856;"  and  "Marriages 
and  Deaths  in  Wyoming,  1797-1810,"  will  attract  attention.  A  valu- 
able geological  paper  on  "Kansas  Glaciation  and  its  Eifects  on  the 
Eiver  System  of  Northern  Pennsylvania,"  by  Professor  Edward  H. 
Williams,  Jr.,  of  Lehigh  University,  will  repay  a  careful  study. 


Minutes  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.      483 

MINUTES 

OF   THE 

HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA, 

1902. 


A  stated  meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  January  13,  1902,  Hon. 
Samuel  W.  Pennypacker  presiding. 

General  William  Watts  Hart  Davis,  of  Doylestown,  read  a  paper  on 
"Men  I  have  met  and  Things  I  have  seen,"  on  the  conclusion  of  which 
the  thanks  of  the  Society  were  tendered. 

A  stated  meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  March  10,  1902,  Hon. 
Samuel  W.  Pennypacker  in  the  chair. 

Dr.  Herbert  .Friedenwald  delivered  an  address  on  "Duties  and  Di- 
versions of  Members  of  Congress  in  1776."  A  vote  of  thanks  was 
tendered. 

The  President  announced  the  gift  to  the  Society,  by  Mr.  William  H. 
Jordan,  of  portraits  in  oil  of  Governor  Patrick  Gordon  and  President 
Joseph  Keed,  for  which  a  vote  of  thanks  was  tendered. 

Nominations  of  officers  of  the  Society,  to  be  voted  for  at  the  next 
annual  meeting,  being  in  order,  the  following  were  made : 

President. 
Samuel  Whitaker  Pennypacker. 

Honorary  Vice- Presidents. 
Craig  Biddle,  Ferdinand  J.  Dreer. 

Vice-Presidents. 

Charles  Hare  Hutchinson,  Henry  C.  Lea 

(both  for  three  years), 

George  Harrison  Fisher 
(for  the  unexpired  term  of  J.  Edward  Carpenter,  deceased). 

Recording  Secretary. 
Hampton  L.  Carson. 

Corresponding  Secretary. 
John  Bach  McMaster. 


484      Minutes  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

Q 

Treasurer. 
Francis  Howard  Williams. 

Auditor. 
Richard  M.  Cadwalader. 

Councillors. 

Charlemagne  Tower,  George  Harrison  Fisher, 

Effingham  B.  Morris 

(all  for  four  years). 

Simon  Gratz 
(for  unexpired  term  of  J.  Edward  Carpenter). 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  May  12,  1902,  President 
Hon.  Samuel  W.  Pennypacker  presiding. 

The  President  announced  the  gift  by  the  artist  Albert  Eosenthal  of  a 
portrait  of  the  late  Charles  E.  Hildeburn,  and  addressed  the  meeting  on 
certain  phases  of  his  work,  especially  referring  to  his  "Issues  of  the 
Press  in  Pennsylvania  and  New  York. "  Justice  James  T.  Mitchell  re- 
ferred to  Mr.  Hildeburn' s  connection  with  the  Commission  appointed 
by  the  Commonwealth  to  publish  the  laws  of  Pennsylvania  from  the 
beginning  to  1800.  Hampton  L.  Carson,  Esq.,  also  referred  to  his 
knowledge  of  prints  and  portraits.  A  vote  of  thanks  was  tendered  to 
Mr.  Eosenthal. 

The  reports  of  the  Council  and  Treasurer  were  read  and  filed. 

A  minute  on  the  death  of  Charles  Eoberts,  of  the  Council,  was  then 
read. 

The  tellers  reported  the  election  of  the  officers  nominated  at  the  stated 
meeting  in  March.  Alterations  to  the  By-Laws  of  the  Society  were 
reported  for  action  at  the  next  stated  meeting. 

A  stated  meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  November  10,  1902,  Presi- 
dent Hon.  Samuel  W.  Pennypacker  in  the  chair. 

General  James  Grant  Wilson  delivered  an  address  on  "Personal 
Eeminiscences  of  Lincoln  and  Grant,"  after  which  a  vote  of  thanks 
was  tendered. 

The  President  read  a  minute  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Ferdinand  J.  Dreer, 
an  Honorary  Vice-President  of  the  Society,  which  took  place  on  May 
24.  The  death  of  Charles  Hare  Hutchinson,  Esq.,  in  Paris,  France, 
October  4,  was  also  announced  and  a  minute  of  the  Council  read. 

The  President  announced  the  gift  to  the  Society,  by  Mr.  William  H. 
Jordan,  of  portraits  of  Governors  William  Bigler  and  William  F. 
Johnson. 

The  alterations  of  the  By-Laws  of  the  Society,  proposed  at  the  annual 
meeting  May  12,  1902,  were  unanimously  agreed  to. 


Officers  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.      485 


OFFICERS 


OF   THE 


HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


PRESIDENT. 
HON.  SAMUEL  WHITAKER  PENNYPACKER. 


HONORARY   VICE-PRESIDENT. 
HON.  CRAIG  BIDDLE. 


VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

HENRY  CHARLES  LEA,  HON.  CHARLEMAGNE  TOWER, 

HON.  JAMES  T.  MITCHELL,  WILLIAM  BROOKE  EAWLE, 

GEORGE  HARRISON  FISHER. 


RECORDING    SECRETARY. 

HAMPTON  L.  CARSON. 


CORRESPONDING    SECRETARY. 

JOHN  BACH  MCMASTER. 


J 
486       Officers  of  the  historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

TREASURER. 
FRANCIS  HOWARD  WILLIAMS. 


AUDITOR. 

EICHARD  M.  CADWALADER. 


LIBRARIAN. 

GREGORY  B.  KEEN. 


ASSISTANT    LIBRARIAN. 

JOHN  W.  JORDAN. 


HISTORIOGRAPHER. 

J.  GRANVILLE  LEACH. 

COUNCILLORS. 

JOHN  0.  BROWNE,  EFFINGHAM  B.  MORRIS, 

WILLIAM  G.  THOMAS,  WILLIAM  DRAYTON, 

JOHN  B.  GEST,  HON.  WILLIAM  POTTER, 

WILLIAM  H.  LAMBERT,  SAMUEL  CASTNER,  JR., 

CHARLES  MORTON  SMITH,  JOHN  F.  LEWIS, 

SIMON  GRATZ,  EDWARD  KOBINS. 


TRUSTEES     OF     THE     PUBLICATION     AND     BINDING 

FUNDS. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKER,  HON.  JAMES  T.  MITCHELL, 

SIMON  GRATZ. 


Officers  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.      487 

TRUSTEES  OF  THE  LIBRARY  FUND. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKER,  JOHN  BACH  MCMASTER, 

GREGORY  B.  KEEN. 


TRUSTEES     OF     THE     G  I  L  P  I  N     LIBRARY. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKER,  GEORGE  HARRISON  FISHER, 

WILLIAM  BROOKE  EAWLE,  HENRY  CHARLES  LEA, 

SIMON  GRATZ. 


TRUSTEES    OF    THEENDOWMENT    AND    MISCELLANEOUS 

TRUSTS     FUNDS. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKER,  HAMPTON  L.  CARSON, 

RICHARD  M.  CADWALADER. 


TRUSTEES     OF     THE     FERDINAND     J.     DREER     COL- 
LECTION    OF     MANUSCRIPTS. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKER,  WILLIAM  BROOKE  RAWLE, 

HAMPTON  L.  CARSON,  GREGORY  B.  KEEN, 

EDWIN  GREBLE  DREER. 


TRUSTEES     OF     THE     PENNSYLVANIA     HISTORICAL 
STUDY     ENCOURAGEMENT     FUND. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKER,  WILLIAM  BROOKE  RAWLE, 

GREGORY  B.  KEEN. 


TRUSTEES     OF     THE     BUILDING     FUND. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKER,  WILLIAM  BROOKE  RAWLE, 

THOMAS  G.  MORTON,  M.D. 


488      Officers  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

STATED   MEETINGS. 

January  12,  1903.  May  11,  1903. 

March  9,  1903.  November  9,  1903. 

January  11,  1904. 


Annual  membership $5.00 

Life  membership         .         .         .         .         .         .  50. 00 

Publication  Fund,  life  subscription     .         .         .  25.00 

Pennsylvania  Magazine,  per  annum     .         .  3. 00 

Payments  may  be  made  to  the  Librarian  at  the  Hall,  1300  Locust 
Street,  or  to  the  Collector. 


INDEX. 


(Family  surnames  of  value  in  genealogical  research  are  printed  in  CAPITALS;  names  of 

places  in  italics.) 


Abstracts  of  Powers  of  Attorney  on  file 
in  Philadelphia,  411 

Adams,  Samuel,  316 

Agnew,  Daniel,  to  testify  against  sons 
of  George  Morgan,  372 

Aitken,  Mary  Ann,  Mrs.  Washington  to, 
406 

Aldrixman,  Peter,  68,  69 

Alexander,  Alexander,  query  concern- 
ing, 155 

Allen,  ,  388 

Allen,  Andrew,  165,  231 

Allen,  Betsy.     See  Lawrence,  238 

Allen,  James,  165,  286 

Allen,  Nancy,  229,  238 

Alrick,  Peter,  69 

Amboy,  28,  34,  37 

America,  Plan  of  Union  between  Great 
Britain  and,  417,  418,  419,  420 

"  Americanus,"  nickname  for  Galloway, 
291,  305 

Anderson,  Maj.  ,  245 

Anderson,   William,    211 

Andre",  Maj.,  36 

Andros,  Sir  Edmund,  64,  65 

Anspach,  regiment  of,  25 

Antenuptial  agreement  in  1751,  404 

ARBUETHNET,   479 

Armitages,  ,  387 

Armstrong,  James,  145 

Armstrong,  John,  appointed  maj.-gen. 
in  1777,  104 ;  commands  militia  at 
North  Wales,  110;  writes  concern- 
ing court-martial  ordered  by  Gen. 
Potter,  110,  111;  mentioned,  265, 
267,  268,  387,  388 

Arnold,  Gen.  Benedict,  arrives  in  New 
York,  36  ;  in  Virginia,  37  ;  sketch  of 
Margaret  Shippen,  Wife  of,  contrib- 
uted, 71,  224,  322,  464;  death  of, 
240;  debts  of,  241,  323;  will  of, 
466 

Arnold,  Edward  Shippen,  legacy  for, 
464,  465,  468 

Arnold,  George,  324,  334;  legacy  for, 
464,  465,  468 


Arnold,  Hannah,  legacy  for,  466 
Arnold,   Henry,   legacy   for,   466,   467, 

468 
Arnold,  James  Robertson,  239 ;    legacy 

for,  464,  465,  468 
Arnold,  Margaret  Shippen,  Sketch  of, 

71,  224,  322,  464 
Arnold,  Richard,  legacy  for,  466,  467, 

468 
Arnold,  Sophia  Matilda,  324,  331,  333 ; 

writes  to  grandfather,  333;    legacy 

for,  464,  465,  468 
Arnold,  William  Pitch,  324,  331,  332; 

legacy  for,  465,  468 
Arthur,  Chester  A.,  letter  of,  278 
Ashbridge,  Jona.,  145 
Ashcom,    Charles    (deputy    surveyor), 

42 

Ashford  Monthly  Meeting,  408 
Atkinson,  Jane,  marries  William  Biles, 

353 

Atkinson,  Thomas,  65,  66,  353 
Atwater  History  and  Genealogy,  159 
Ayers,  Robert,  62 

Bache,  Alexander  Dallas,  382,  415,  432 

Bailey,  Francis,  220,  347 

Baird,  John,  145 

Baker,  Ann  Mary,  marries  Charles 
Biles,  358 

Baker,  Henry,  65;  Special  Commis- 
sioner for  Bucks  Co.,  195 ;  to  settle 
difference  between  William  Yardley 
and  Eleanor  Pownall,  349 ;  and 
John  Brooks  and  Lydia  Wharmby, 
350 

Baker, ,  Sergeant  of  Virginia,  367 

Baker.    See  Barkar 

Baldwin,  Ernest  H.,  contributes  sketch 
of  Joseph  Galloway,  161,  289,  417 

Baldwin,  William,  382 

Ballard,  Jere'h,  211 

Baltimore,  Buchanan's  name  to  be  pre- 
sented before  Convention  at,  122 

Bank  of  North  America  In  1793,  71,  76 

Bank  of  Pennsylvania,  troubles  of,  229 
489 


490 


Index. 


Banta,  Theodore  M.,  482 

Barclay,  ,  President  of  Bank  of 

Pennsylvania,  229 

Barkar,  Henry,  land  of,  355 

Barker,  Capt.  John,  St.  Tammany  Fire 
Company  meets  at  house  of,  223 

Barkstead,  Joshua,  62 

Barry,  John,  Commodore,  2 

Bartholomies  Camp,  266 

Bates,  ,  marries  Grace  Biles,  358 

Bates,  Hannah,  358 

Bates,  Job,  358 

Bates,  John,  358 

Bates,  Sarah,  358 

Bates.    See  Beatts 

Batt,  Thomas,  expelled  from  Society  of 
Sons  of  St.  Patrick,  17 

Bayard,  Col.  John,  appointed  deputy  to 
Conference,  1776,  341 ;  bondsman 
for  Dr.  Phile,  342;  mentioned,  345 

Bayless,  Daniel,  data  requested  of,  288 

Bayreuth,  regiment  from,  25 

Beakes,  Grace,  bequest  to,  354 

Beakes,  Johannah,  Jr.,  bequest  to,  355 

Beakes,  John,  bequest  to,  354 

Beakes,  Mary,  bequest  to,  354 

Beakes,  Rebeckah,  bequest  to,  355 

Beakes,   Samuel,   65,   355 

Beaks,  Samuel,  marries  Joannah  Biles, 
352,  354 ;  bequest  to  children  of, 
355 

Beaks,  Stephen,  Elizabeth  Biles  mar- 
ries, 352 

Beaks,  William,  commissioned  justice 
of  the  peace,  Bucks  County,  193 ; 
attends  first  Monthly  Meeting,  349 

Beatts,  Jeremiah,  357 

Beatts,  John,  357 

Beatts,  William,  357 

Behn,  George  W.,  382 

BELLEARY,  479 

BENNET,  480 

Bennet,  Abraham,  356 

Bennet,  Edmund,  commissioned  jus- 
tice of  the  peace,  Bucks  County,  193 

Bennett,  ,  65 

Bergen,  34 

Bergen  County,  N.  J.,  Aaron  Burr  in- 
dicted for  murder  by  grand  jury  of, 
373,  374 

Berks  County,  Pa.,  ordered  to  send 
militia  to  camp  at  Bristol,  269 ; 
James  Read  represents,  in  Council 
of  Censors,  340 

Bethell,  John,  348 

Bethlehem,  Sisterhood  of,  presents 
linen  rags  for  wounded,  16 

Beveridge,  David,  Society  of  Sons  of 
St.  Tammany  celebrate  at  house  of, 
219,  335 


Beveridge.     See  Pole 

Beyle,  Roger,  58 

Biddle,  Charles,  2 ;  chosen  sachem  and 
grand  sachem  of  Society  of  Sons  of 
St.  Tammany,  450 ;  elected  Vice- 
President  of  Pennsylvania,  454 

Biddle,  Nicholas,  2 

Biell,  William,  59 

Bigler,  Gov.  William,  portrait  of,  pre- 
sented, 484 

BIGLER,  data  concerning,  requested, 
288 

Biles,   Alexander,   61 

Biles,  Ann,  352;  bequest  to,  354; 
dealt  with  by  Falls  Monthly  Meet- 
ing, 355 

Biles,  Charles,  59,  60,  61,  64,  193,  357, 
358 

Biles,  Charles,  Jr.,  61 

Biles,  Dorothy,  58 

Biles,  Elizabeth,  60,  61 ;  record  of, 
352  ;  bequest  to,  354  ;  marriage  of, 
358 

Biles,  Elizabeth,  Jr.,  357 

Biles,  George,  60,  66 ;  record  of,  352  ; 
bequest  to  children  of,  354 

Biles,  Grace,  bequest  to,  354  ;  record 
of,  358 

Biles,  Hannah,  record  of,  359 

Biles,  Jane,  appointed  on  committee  to 
prepare  testimony  in  favor  of 
Thomas  Janney,'  350 ;  proposes  to 
visit  Europe,  350  ;  marriage  of,  353  ; 
sketch  of,  353,  354 
|  Biles,  Joanna,  60 ;  children  of,  351 ; 

death  of,   353 

I  Biles,    Johannah,    Jr.,    60 ;     record   of, 
352 ;     bequest   to,    354 ;     dealt   with 
by  Falls  Monthly  Meeting,  355 
!  Biles,    John,    60,    61,    65 ;     record    of, 

352;    bequest   to,   354 
|  Biies,   John,   Jr.,   61 

Biles,  Langhorne,  justice  of  the  peace, 
357  ;    record  of,  358  ;    disowned  by 
Falls  Meeting,   358 
i  Biles,  Margaret,  357 

Biles,  Martha,  bequest  to,  354 

Biles,  Mary,  60,  352  ;    bequest  to,  354 

Biles,  Phebe,  bequest  to,  354 

Biles,  Rebecca,  60,  63,  352 ;  bequest 
to,  354 

Biles,  Samuel,  66 

Biles,  Sarah,  61 ;    bequest  to,  354 

Biles,  Sarah,  Jr.,  bequest  to,  354,  357, 
358 

Biles,  Thomas,  59,  65,  354 

Biles,  Thomas,  Jr.,  357 ;    disowned  by 

Falls  Meeting,   358 

!  Biles,    William,    sketch    of,    58,    192, 
348 


Index. 


491 


Biles,   William,   Jr.,   60,   66,   193,   350, 

352;     bequest   to,    354,    355;     dealt 

with    by    Falls    Meeting,    355,    358; 

sketch  of,  355,  356 ;    will  of,  357 
Biles,  William  (2d),  357;  disowned  by 

Falls  Meeting,  358 
Biles's  Island,   66,   200 
Biley,  Henry,  59 
BILL,  58,  59 
Bill,  Willen,  59 
Bill,  Rev.  William,  59 
BUM,    265 
Bills,  Thomas,  59 
Bingham,   William,   letter  to,  407 
Binney,  Horace,  288 
Bishop,   Ann,  412 
Bishop,  Anna,  382 
Bishop,  John,  211 
Blackshaw,  Martha,  marriage  of,  352 ; 

bequest  to  children  of,  354 
Blair,  John,  211 
Blandford,  58 
Blesing,  Ensign  Philip,  401 

Blight,  ,  288 

Blight,  Peter,  225,  226,  228,  237 
Bloclcley,    land    surveyed    in,    47,    48, 

49 

BlocJcley  Township,  caveat  against  sur- 
vey of  land  in,  412 
Blooming  dale,  35,  37 
Blunston,     John,    elected    to    Council 

from  Bucks  County,  198 
Bodine,  Ensign  Isaac,  145 
Bold,  Jane,  353 

Bond,  ,  238,  322,  323,  329 

Bond,   Jr.,   Phineas,   writes  concerning 

watch  for  Jasper  Yeates,  480,  481 
Boone,   Catherine,  287 
Boone,  Margaret,  287 
Borie,    Adolph,     Mr.    Childs    presents 

photograph  of,  to  Mrs.  Grant,  275 
Borradail,    John,    sells    land    in    1717, 

356 

Bose,  ,  41,  250,  252 

Boston,  Port  Bill  of,  304 
Bowden,  Samuel,  412 
Bowman,  Nath.,  211 
Boyd,   Capt.  ,   balances  due  com- 
pany of,  150 
Boyd,    Col.    Alex.,    chosen   member   of 

Council   of   Society   of   Sons  of   St. 

Tammany,  339;    also  sachem,  450; 

sketch  of,  343 
Boyd,  Lt.  Thomas,  list  of  recruits  by, 

151 
Boys,  Elias,  chosen  sachem  of  Society 

of  Sons  of  St.  Tammany,  450  ;    sketch 

of,  454 
Boys,  N.,  attends  dinner  given  in  honor 

of  St.  Tammany,  461 


Brandon,  Lt.  James,  145 

Brandywine,  battle  of,  3,  26;  Gen. 
Washington  at,  25;  British  arrive 
at,  105;  Washington  obliged  to  re- 
tire from,  105 

Brearly,  Sarah,  61 

Breck,  Jos.,  211 

Breckenridge,  Alexander,  482 

Breckenridge,  James  M.,  query  of, 
482 

Bremson,  Isaac,  74 

Breton,  C.,  gives  dinner  in  honor  of 
St.  Tammany,  461,  462 

Bricks,  note  on  houses  made  of,  355 

Bristol,  31 ;  camp  ordered  to  be 
formed  at,  269 

Brlttaine,  Lyonell,  attends  first 
Monthly  Meeting,  349 

Broadhead,  Daniel,  411 

Brock,  Elizabeth,  estate  of  husband  of, 
350 

Brock,  Jon.,  Special  Commissioner  in 
Bucks  County,  195 

Brooks,  A.,  211 

Brooks,  John,  difference  between,  and 
Lydia  Wharmby,  350 

Brotherest,  John,  412 

Brothers,  Ann,  412 

Brothers,  Elizabeth,  412 

Brothers,  John,  412 

Browning,  Charles  H.,  contributes 
journal  of  Charles  Clinton,  1729, 
112 

Brunswick,  New,  Galloway  joins  Brit- 
ish at,  433 

Bryan,  George,  member  of  Council  of 
Society  of  Sons  of  St.  Tammany, 
339;  sketch  of,  339,  340 

Bryarly,  John,  62 

Buchanan,  Harriet,  123 

Buchanan,     James,     writes     to     Gen. 

James  Shields,  122,  123 
!  Bucher,  Rev.  John  Conrad,  Record  of 
Marriages  performed  by,  375 

Buck,  Ensign  Elijah,  401 

Buckingham  Township,  267 

Bucks  County,  Pa.,  Willfam  Biles  said 
to  have  settled  in,  61;  meeting- 
house in,  63  ;  divided  between  Tories 
and  Whigs,  102  ;  separated  into  dis- 
tricts, 103  ;  and  townships,  195  : 
two  members  from,  elected  to  Coun- 
cil, 1682,  192;  bill  providing  for 
laying  out  of  road  in,  193 ;  Justices 
of  the  peace  for,  193 ;  murder  trial 
in,  1685,  193;  court  established  for 
settling  affairs  of  property  in,  198 ; 
William  Biles  appointed  Treasurer 
of,  200;  Logan's  opinion  of,  204; 
ordered  to  send  militia  to  form  a 


492 


Index. 


camp  at  Bristol,  269,  270;  Gallo- 
way elected  to  Assembly  in,  301; 
William  Biles,  Jr.,  land-owner  in, 
356  ;  Memoirs  of  Jonas  Ingham,  late 
Captain  of  Militia  of,  409 

Buckskins  of  Pennsylvania,  Address  on 
Liberty  to,  10 

Buckstail,  Peter,  16 

Burd,  ,  80,  227,  228,  323,  332,  333 

Burd,  Col.  James,  290,  301,  401,  402 

Burd,  Peggy,  236 

Burlington,  N.  J.,  Commodore  Hazel- 
wood  takes  fleet  to,  5  ;  William  Biles 
settled  at,  61,  62  ;  Monthly  Meeting 
at,  desires  certificates  from  Friends 
moving  into  their  midst,  63  ;  Meet- 
ing sends  testimony  against  Keith, 
351 

Burnet,  Gov.  William,  receives  paper 
concerning  dividing  line  between 
East  and  West  New  Jersey,  356 

Burr,  Aaron,  visits  Col.  Morgan,  371 ; 
letters  of,  370 

Burton,  Anthony,  354 

Butler,  Col.  Richard,  commands  regi- 
ment at  Stony  Point,  364,  365; 
makes  payment  to  officers  and  sol- 
diers, 402 

Butler,  Sarah,  155 

Butler,  Col.  William,  148 

Butler,  Col.  Zeb.,  479 

Byle,  Walter,  58 

Byle,  William,  58 

BYLES,  59,  351 

Byles,  Daniel,  58 

Byles,  John,   58 

Byles,  Josiah,  58,  59 

Byles,  Rev.  Mather,  59 

Byles,  William,  62 

BYLEY,  58,  59 

BYLIE,  58,  59 

BYLY,  58 

Byrn's  Tavern,  18 

Byron,  Admiral,  32,  33 

Cabeen,  Francis  von  A.,  contributes 
sketch  of  Society  of  Sons  of  St. 
Tammany,  7,  207,  335,  443 

Cachnewagues,  chiefs  of,  dined  by 
minister  of  France,  207,  208 

Cadwalader,  John,  appointed  brig.- 
gen.,  declines,  104 ;  accepts  chal- 
lenge from  Gen.  Reed,  370,  371 

Campbell,  Lt.  Col. ,  25 

Campbell,  Lt.  Archibald,  recruits  en- 
listed by,  148,  149 

Campbell,  C.  Fitz  Henry,  406 

Campbell,  Cleary,  145 

Campbell,  Samuel,  145 

Campbell,  Lt.  William,  145 


Capper,  Jasper,  marriage  of,  408 

Cash,   Frederick  G.,   408 

Cecil,  Charles,  412 

Cecil  Court-House,  25 

Charleston,  8.  G.,  captured,  34 ;    reign 

of  terror  In,  271 
Chase,  Hon.  S.  P.,  letter  from  Lincoln 

to,  123 

Cherry  Alley,  21 
Chester,  25,  26;    court  held  at,  198; 

camp  ordered  formed  at,  269 
Chester  County,  first  records  of  court 

of,  70 

Chester  Creek,  45,  47,  50,  53,  55 
Chestnut  Hill,  British  at,  107 
Chew,   Benjamin,   attack  on  house  of, 

105,   106 

Christ    Church,    Philadelphia,    Commo- 
dore Hazelwood  vestryman  of,  6 
Christ,     Henry,    payments    made    by, 

to     non-commissioned     officers     and 

soldiers      in      Pennsylvania      Line, 

402 

Chrystie,  Capt.  James,  366 
Church,  Maj.  Thomas,  roll  of  company 

of,  477 

Cilley,  ,  death  of,  118 

City  Tavern,  dinner  given  at,  213 
Clark,    Alexander '  Guthries    Heritable, 

479 

Clark,  Lt.  George,  401 
Clark,  Lt.  James,  401 
Clarkson,  Maj.  Matthew,  letter  to,  407 
Clay,  Henry,  383 
Claypoole,  James,  47 
Clayton,  Lt.-Col.  Asher,  375 
Clifford,  John,  239 
Clifford,  Thomas,  239 
Clinton,  Charles,  journal  of,  1729,  112 
Clinton,   Gen.,   25,   30,   32,   34,   35,   37, 

360,  361,  436 
Coates,    Col.   William,    chosen   member 

of  Council  of  Society  of  Sons  of  St. 

Tammany,   339  ;    also  sachem,   450 ; 

sketch  of,  345 
Cochrane,  Lt.  William,  401 
Golden,  Gov.,  308,  319,  422 
Coleman, ,  candidate  for  Assembly 

of  Pennsylvania,  167 
Collet,  John,  327 

Collier,  Commodore  George,  quoted  con- 
cerning victory  at  Stony  Point,  369 
Collier,  Lt.  James,  Jr.,  401 
Collier,  Lt.  Joseph,  list  of  recruits  by, 

153 

Collin,  Nicholas,  383 
Collins,  Isaac,  Jr.,  384 
Collins,  John,  383 
Collins,  Margaret  Morris,  384 
Compton,  Capt.  John,  45 


Index. 


493 


Coneatoga,  massacre  of  Indians  at,  170 

Conn,  Sam.,  211 

Connecticut,  inhabitants  of,  asserting 
their  rights,  199  ;  land  on  Susque- 
hanna  claimed  by,  237 ;  part  taken 
by,  in  Plan  of  Union  between  Great 
Britain  and  America,  418 

Connolly,  James,  query  concerning,  413 

Connolly,  Lt.-Col.  John,  413 

Connolly,  Capt.  Robert,  recruits  en- 
listed by,  148,  149 

Connolly,  Thomas,  query  concerning, 
413 

Continental  Congress,  proposal  for, 
304 ;  intentions  of  Mr.  Galloway 
concerning,  307  ;  proceedings  of,  318, 
319 

Continental  money,  value  of,  207 

Conway,  General  ,  387 

Conway,  Philip,  65 

Cook,  Arthur,  Special  Commissioner  in 
Bucks  County,  193,  195 

Cook,  Francis,  47 

Cooke,  Juliet,  data  requested  of,  155 

Cooper,  S.  C.,  on  committee  to  invite 
President  Fillmore  to  visit  Philadel- 
phia, 117 

Corn  Plant.    See  Capt.  O'Beal 

Cornwallis,  Lord,  25,  31,  36,  246,  247, 
248,  408 

Cowden,  Capt.  James,  401 

Cowperthwaite,  Capt.  ,  454 

Cox,  Maj.  Cornelius,  401 

Coxe,  Judge ,  329 

Coxe,  Daniel,  friend  of  Mrs.  Arnold, 
236,  242,  322,  323,  324,  325,  328, 
333,  466 

Coxe,  John,  329 

Coxe,  John  Redman,  325 

Coxe,  Rebecca,  322,  323,  329 

Coxe,  William,  329 

Craig,  Col.  ,  402 

Craig,  Capt.  I.,  company  of,  153 

Cranor,  H.  D.,  query  of,  482 

Crawford,  William,  145 

Crewcorne  or  Crookhorne,  67,  68,  69 

Croesse,  Gerard,  351 

Croghan,  George,  writes  concerning 
clerk  for  Indians,  173 

Crouch,  William,  62 

Croutch,  Capt.  James,  401 

Cuff,  John,  64 

Cumberland  County  militia,  pay-roll  of, 
152;  ordered  to  send  militia  to 
camp  at  Bristol,  269 

Cumming,  J.  N.,  President  of  New 
Jersey  Society  of  Sons  of  St.  Tam- 
many, 211 

Cunliffe,  Foster,   154 

Cynwyd,  45 


I  Bankers,  Jasper,  copy  of  map  of  Dela- 
ware River  by,  64 

Darby,  26 

I  Dark,  William,  attended  first  Monthly 
Meeting,  349 

Dartmouth,  Lord,  308,  310,  317,  422 

David,  Ellis,  50,  56 

David,  Robert,  early  settler  of  Meriou, 
44,  52,  54,  55,  56;  death  of, 
53 

David,  Thomas,  53 

DAVIES,  482 

Davies,  Richard,  54,  55 

Davis,  David,  50,  53,  193 

Davis,  Ellis,  50 

Davis,  Richard,  51 

Davis,  Gen.  W.  W.  H.,  483 

DA  WES,  482 

Dean,  Col.  Joseph,  of  Council  of  Soci- 
ety of  Sons  of  St.  Tammany,  339 ; 
sachem,  450  ;  sketch  of,  343 

Dean,  Rev.  William,  343 

Dean  Furnace,  361 

Dearborn,  Gen. ,  Secretary  of  War, 

458 

De  Bernoux,  Francois  L.  G.,  407 

Decatur,  Stephen,  2 

Decker,  O.  S.,  query  of,  155 

De  Fadat,  Madam  Henry,  407 

De  Hayne,  Maj.-Gen. ,  35 

De  Kalb,  Maj.-Gen.  Baron,  5 

De  La  Luzerne,  Chevalier,  23 

De  La  Touche,  Chevalier,  23 

Delaware,  part  taken  by,  in  Plan  of 
Union  between  Great  Britain  and 
America,  418 

Delaware  River,  defence  of,  2,  4 ; 
Howe's  fleet  expected  up,  3 ;  Hazel- 
wood's  fleet  passes  up,  5 ;  removal 
of  stores  from,  17 ;  Count  Donop 
crosses,  26  ;  map  of,  mentioned,  64  ; 
Gen.  Howe  advised  to  take  route  on, 
435 

Delaware  and  Shawanese  Indians  com- 
plain of  injustice,  171 

De  Marbois,  Monsieur,  23 

Democratic  Party,  origin  of,  449 

Denny,  Gov.  William,  administration 
of,  criticised,  169  ;  quarrels  with  As- 
sembly, 170  ;  warned  concerning  the 
complaints  of  Indians,  172 ;  refuses 
to  give  Indian  chief  a  clerk,  173; 
receives  address  from  William 
Moore,  174,  175 ;  refuses  assent  to 
a  money  bill,  175;  desires  Tedyus- 
cung  to  withdraw  charge  of  fraud 
against  Proprietaries,  176;  forbid- 
den to  assist  in  expending  money 
granted  to  Assembly,  178 ;  accused 
of  selling  laws  to  Galloway,  187 


494 


Index. 


Destouches,  Admiral,  toast  In  honor  of, 
24 

Dewees,  Col.  ,  345 

Dickinson,  John,  11 ;  marriage  of, 
163  ;  rivalry  between  Galloway  and, 
163,  165,  179,  189  ;  opposes  petition 
asking  Crown  to  resume  the  govern- 
ment of  Pennsylvania,  182,  183,  184  ; 
offers  challenge  to  Galloway,  185, 
186 ;  mention  of  resolutions  pre- 
sented by,  290  ;  quoted,  293  ;  Pres- 
byterians try  to  elect,  to  the  Assem- 
bly, 294 ;  Galloway  fears  popular 
party  under,  306 ;  Congress  desires 
to  appoint,  as  delegate  to  Conti- 
nental Congress,  306 ;  exclusion 
of,  from  Congress  offends  many, 
317 ;  elected  to  Congress,  317 ; 
Assembly  under,  ratifies  Acts  of 
Congress,  425 ;  mentioned,  426, 
429,  442 

Dickinson,  Gen.  Philemon,  370 

Diemer,   Lt. ,  35 

DIRELETON,  480 

Dodge,  A.  C.,  383 

Donlop,  Sergeant  of  Pennsylvania 
Line,  367 

Donop,  Col.,  26,  29,  36 

Douglass,  ,   124 

Dowell,  John  and  William,  239 

Doyle,  Capt.  John,  149 

Drake,  Enoch,  157 

Drake,  Sarah,  157 

Draper,  Ambrose,  412 

Draper,  Ambrose,  Jr.,  412 

Draper,  Ann,  412 

Draper,  Francis,  412 

Draper,   Henry,   412 

Draper,  John,  412 

Draper,  Leonard,  412 

Drayton,  ,  306 

Dreer,  Ferdinand  Julius,  thanks  from 
President  Harrison  to,  278 ;  obitu- 
ary notice  of,  285  ;  minute  on  death 
of,  484 

Drexel,   A.   J.,   276 

Duane,  ,  424 

Duane,  James,   313,  315,  317 

Dublin,  list  of  servants  who  sailed 
from,  in  1746,  287 

Duck  CreeJc,  51 

Dulany,  Hon.  Daniel,  inscription  on 
tomb  of,  481 

Dulany,  Margaret,  marries  Rev.  John 
Montgomery,  154 

Dulany,  Hon.  Walter,  154,  481 

Duncan,  William,  350 

Duncard's  Creek,  414 

Dunop,  Count,  attacks  Fort  Mercer,  4 ; 
mentioned,  29 


Durham,  Pa.,  iron-works  at,  163 
Dutch  Lutheran  School-House,  21 
Dutton,  R.  J.,  query  of,  156 

East  Florida,  part  taken  by,  in  Plan 
of  Union  between  Great  Britain  and 
America,  418 

Easton,  conference  with  Indians  at, 
169,  173,  176 

Eddis,  ,  219 

Eddy,  Robert  Henry,  159 

EDGAR,   6 

Edges,  Jacob,  387 

Edmonds,  Franklin  Spencer,  414 

Edward,  Edward  William,  49 

Edward,  Elizabeth,  48 

Edward,  Jane  ap,  48 

Edward  John  ap,  44,  50,  52 

Edward,  Katherine  ap,  48,  49 

Edward,  William  ap,  47,  48,  49 

Egan,  Mrs.  Charles,  118 

Eliot, ,  204 

Elizabethtoion,  34,   35 

Elk  River,  25,  105 

ELLEIS,  479 

Ellicott,  Lt.  Joseph,  receives  order 
from  President  Wharton,  268,  269 

Ellis,  Cadwalader,  48 

Ellis,  William,  quotation  from  letter  of 
William  Biles  to,  353 

Elmer,  Eben,  Secretary  of  New  Jersey 
Society  of  Sons  of  St.  Tammany, 
211 

Elmer,  Mos.  G.,  211 

Ely,  W.  S.,  65 

Emlen,  George,  334 

Empson,  Cornelius,  member  of  Assem- 
bly, 193 ;  holds  court  at  Chester, 
198 

Endress,  Zachariah,  sachem  of  Society 
of  Sons  of  St.  Tammany,  450 ; 
sketch  of,  454 

English,  John,  61 

English,  Joseph,  65 

Ephrata,  26 

Erb,  Chaplain,  32 

Evan,  John  ap,  57 

Evans,  Hugh,  53 

Evans,  Gov.  John,  sues  William  Biles, 
200 ;  unpopularity  of,  202,  203 ; 
letter  of  William  Penn  to,  203 ;  de- 
mands that  William  Biles  be  ex- 
pelled from  the  House,  205  ;  treach- 
ery of,  concerning  William  Biles, 
206;  mentioned,  65,  348 

Evans,  Robert,  55 

Evesham,  Burlington  County,  356 

Eyre,  Col.  Benjamin,  sketch  of,  344 

Eyres,  Emanuel,  sachem  of  Society  of 
Sons  of  St.  Tammany,  450 


Index. 


495 


"  Fall  of  the  Year,"   409 

Fallsinnton,    first    meeting-house   built 

at,  63,  350 

Falmoutn,  British  march  through,  249 
Farringdon,  parish  and  town  of,  411 
Faulkner,  Peter,  211 
Febiger,  Col.  Christian,  363,  365 
Ferguson,   Capt.   Thomas,   pay-roll   of, 

145 

Fielding,  John,  207 
Flllmore,  Abigail,  letter  of,  119 
Fillmore,    Millard,    declines    invitation 

to  visit  Philadelphia,  115 
Fin  cher,  John,  52 
Fisher,   Joseph,   member   of   Assembly, 

1689,  194 

Fitch,  Miss,  239,  240,  242,  322,  323 
Fitch,    Anne,    appointed    executor    for 

Mrs.  Arnold,  465;    also  for  Mr.  Ar- 
nold, 468 
Fitch,    Sarah,    appointed   executor   for 

Mr.  Arnold,  465,  468 
Fitch,  Col.  William,  bequeaths  a  legacy 

to  William  Arnold,  465 
Fitzsimmons,     Nicholas,     steward     of 

Marine  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  1784  ; 

death  of,  100 
Fleeson,    Plunket,    member   of   Council 

of  Society  of  Sons  of  St.  Tammany, 

339  ;    sketch  of,  341 
FLETCHER,    358 
Fletcher,   Gov.  ,   arrival   of,   195; 

appoints  new  Council,  195 
Fleury,     Col.,     leads     charge     against 

Stony  Point,  367 
Flyer,  Jacob,  211 
•Follett,  M.  P.,  168 

Folsom,  Col.  ,  309 

Footman, ,  226,  241 

Forbach,   ,   attends  dinner  of  So- 
ciety    of     Sons    of     St.     Tammany, 

461 

Forman,  Gen.  ,  387 

Forman,  Jona;,  211 

Fort  Clinton,  25 

Fort  Constitution,  25 

Fort  Frederick,  250 

Fort  George,  38 

Fort  Hanybeint,  36 

Fort  Island,  2,  26 

Fort  Knyphausen,  35 

Fort  Mercer,  4 

Fort  Mifflin,  4,  5 

Fort  Montgomery,  25,  29 

Fort  Mud  Island,  26 

Fort  Saint  David  Society,  11 

Fort  Saint  Tammany,  458 

Foster,     Alexander,     225,     226,     228; 

death  of,  236 
Foster,  Lt.  Thomas,  401 


Fothergill,  Dr.  ,  294 

Fothergill,  Samuel,  167 

Foulke,  Grace,  57 

Fowler,  Alex.,  411 

Fox, ,  Speaker  of  Assembly,  295 

Foxcroft,  John,  346 

France,  treaty  between,  and  United 
States,  19  ;  minister  of,  dines  Indian 
chiefs,  207,  208 ;  exportation  of  pro- 
visions to,  prohibited,  169 

Francis,  Tench,  death  of,  238 

Brands,  Lt.-Col.  Turbott,  375 

Franklin,  Benjamin,  attack  before 
Privy  Council  on,  7 ;  comments  of, 
on  Dean  Tucker's  Pamphlet,  81-90, 
255-264;  publishes  the  Philadel- 
phische  Zeitung,  91;  goes  abroad, 
165-190;  leads  the  Assembly 
party  in  1756,  168,  169,  170;  ap- 
pointed Commissioner  to  England 
on  behalf  of  Pennsylvania,  170 ;  re- 
turns, 178;  hears  grievances  of 
Westerners  concerning  the  banish- 
ment of  the  Indians,  180 ;  defeated 
at  election,  1764,  189 ;  opinion  of 
Gov.  Evans,  202 ;  correspondence 
between  Galloway  and,  292,  297, 
298,  299,  319,  320;  reappointed 
agent,  298  ;  opposes  the  retirement 
of  Galloway,  301 ;  informed  that 
Mr.  Galloway  has  given  the  minis- 
try private  intelligence,  319 ;  dep- 
uty to  attend  State  Conference,  341 ; 
helps  to  build  Free  Quaker  Meeting- 
House  at  Philadelphia,  341;  letter 
of,  to  David  Hall,  389  ;  Plan  of,  for 
Colonial  Union,  417,  424 ;  writes 
objections  to  Plan  of  Union,  423 ; 
tries  to  induce  Galloway  to  join 
cause  of  independence,  432  ;  Society 
of  Sons  of  St.  Tammany  honor,  453, 
457 

Franklin,  William,  165;  accused  of 
influencing  Galloway  concerning 
Stamp  Act,  290 ;  correspondence 
between,  and  Galloway,  308,  309, 
318,  319;  objects  to  Plan  of  Union 
between  Great  Britain  and  Amer- 
ica, 420,  422;  letters  to,  427, 
430 

Frazer,  John  F.,  415 

Freame,  ,  413 

Fredericksourg,  249 

Fredericktown,  250,  251,  252 

French,  Rev.  Dr.,  letters  to,  121 

Fridley,  Capt.  Jacob,  401 

Friedenwald,  Dr.  Herbert,  158,  483 

Fritz,  Peter,  384 

Fry,  Ann,  marriage  of,  408 

Fry,  John,  408 


496 


Index. 


GALLOWAY,  161 

Galloway,  Elizabeth,  163 

Galloway,  Joseph,  sketch  of,  161,  289, 
417 

Galloway,  Mrs.  Joseph,  subjected  to 
insults  in  Philadelphia,  439 

Galloway,  Peter  Bines,  removes  to 
Kent,  161;  death  of,  162 

Galloway,  Richard,  161 

Gal  van,  Maj.,  suicide  of,  407 

Garfield,  J.  A.,  letter  of,  277 

Garfield,  Lucretia  R.,  277 

Gauntt,  Jane  D.,  156 

George,  Jesse,  48 

George,  Rebecca,  48 

George's  Hill,  48 

Georgetown,  26 

Georgia,  part  taken  by,  in  Plan  of 
Union  between  Great  Britain  and 
America,  418 

German  newspaper,  the  first  published 
in  America,  91 

German  schools  of  Philadelphia,  dona- 
tion towards,  407 

Germans,  Galloway  accused  of  trying 
to  rob,  of  their  land,  295 

Germantown,  position  of  Washington's 
camp  near,  26 ;  General  Howe  at, 
30  ;  battle  of,  105  ;  Gen.  Lacey  to 
march  to,  265,  266;  Washington's 
plan  for  the  attack  at,  387 ;  com- 
memoration of  battle  of,  413 

Geyer,  A.,  at  dinner  in  honor  of  St. 
Tammany,  461  ;  sketch  of,  461 

Gibbons,  Lt.  James,  receives  orders  for 
attack  on  Stony  Point,  365,  368 

Gilcrest,  Lt.  John,  401 

Gill,  John,  appointed  Sub-Lieut,  for 
Berks  County,  1777,  103 

Glanrason,  47 

Glatz, ,  deserts,  36 

Gloucester,  245,  246 

Goddard,  ,  9 

Goddard,  William,  editor  of  Pennsyl- 
vania Chronicle,  300  ;  quarrels  with 
Galloway,  300,  301 

Gookin,  Lt.-Gov.  Charles,  348 

Gordon,  Gov.  Patrick,  portrait  of,  pre-  i 
sented,  483 

Gorman, ,  77 

Goshen  Tract,  land  surveyed  in,  45,  | 
46,  47,  50,  51,  52,  53,  54 

Gove,  Richard,  351 

Grabowsky,  Count,  25 

Graham   (Graeme)   Park,  267 

Grant,  Ann,  412 

Grant,  Hannah,  275,  276 

Grant,  Julia  D.,  275 

Grant,  U.  S.,  writes  concerning  hos- 
pital supplies,  274,  275 


Grant,  William,  412 

Great  Bridge,  38 

Great  Britain,  mention  of  proposed 
Plan  of  Union  between,  and  Amer- 
ica, 417,  418,  419,  420 

Green,  George,  411 

Green,  Henry,  411 

Green,  John,  411 

Green,  Thomas,  62 

Green,  William,  411 

Greenaway,  Robert,  154 

Greene,  Gen.,  toast  drank  in  honor  of, 
24  ;  Gen.  Washington  joins,  40  ;  de- 
feated in  South  Carolina,  38;  criti- 
cism on  division  commanded  by,  at 
battle  of  Germantown,  106,  107 ; 
quoted  on  victory  at  Stony  Point, 
368  ;  mentioned,  248,  387,  388 

Greenleaf,  ,  desires  to  marry 

Nancy  Allen,  238 

Greenleaf,  James,  77,  79,  80 

GREBNSHIELD,   480 

Greenville,   Lord,    80 

Greenwich  Hall,  mention  of  entertain- 
ment given  at,  302 

Griffin,  Judge  ,  daughter  of  Gal- 
loway elopes  with,  433 

Griffith,  John,  57 

Grinnell,  Thomas,  query  concerning, 
155 ;  newspaper  clipping  of  1786 
containing  death  of,  288 

Growden,  Grace,  marries  Joseph  Gal- 
loway, 163 

Growden,  Lawrence,  163,  358 

Growdon,  Joseph,  appointed  Special 
Commissioner  in  Bucks  County,  195, 
196,  197 

Gulph  Mills,  battle  of,  409 

Gummere,  Amelia  Mott,  158 

Guthrie,  Bethiah,  offspring  of,  479 

Guyer.     See  Geyer 

Hackenberg,   Maj.-Gen.,   36 

Hall, ,  mentioned  as  being  indis- 
creet in  his  paper  on  repeal  of 
Stamp  Act,  292 

Hall, ,  of  Connecticut,  367 

Hall, ,  of  New  York,  provided  sup- 
per for  Society  of  Sons  of  St.  Tam- 
many, 462 

Hall,  David,  300,  389 

Halsey.     See  Van  Zandt 

HAMILTON,  479 

Hamilton, ,  Deputy  Governor  of 

Pennsylvania  in  1704,  202 

Hamilton,  Alexander,  329 ;  Aaron  Burr 
indicted  for  murder  of,  374 

Hamilton,  John.     See  Daniel  Agnew 

Hancock,  Edward,   60 

Hancock,  John,  10,  145,  457 


Index. 


497 


Hand,  Edward,  402 

Hanson,  Col.  ,  250 

Hardee,  Col.  ,  123 

Hardwicke,  Lord,  437 
Hare,  Charles  Willing,  476 
Harmar,  Lt.-Col.  Josiah,  148,  149 
Harris,  Jacob,  211 

HARRISON,  158 

Harrison,  ,  65 

Harrison,  Benjamin,  letter  of,  278 

Harrison,  Caroline  Scott,  letter  of, 
278,  279 

Harrison,  James,  elected  to  Council 
from  Bucks  County,  192 ;  commis- 
sioned justice  of  the  peace,  193  ;  at- 
tends first  Monthly  Meeting,  349 

Harrison,  Joseph,  early  settler  of 
Merion,  46 

Harrison,  William  Henry,  eulogy  on, 
116 

Hart,  Charles  Henry,  query  of,  156 

Hart,  John  Seely,  415 

Hartley,  Col.  Thomas,  152 

Hartshorne,  Henry,  415 

Haskell,  Frank  W.,  158 

Hataorackan  Creek,  67 

Hatter,  John,  412 

Hay, ,  of  Pennsylvania,  367 

Hayder,  Lt. ,  248 

Hayes,  Lucy  W.,  276 

Hayes,  R.  B.,  276 

Hayes,  Thomas,  46 

Hazelwood,  Ann,  6 

Hazelwood,  Frances,  6 

Hazelwood,  Commodore  John,  sketch 
of  life  of,  1 

Hazelwood,  John,  Jr.,  6 

Hazelwood,  Susan,  6 

Hazelwood,  Thomas,  6 

Head,  John,  409 

Head,  Nancy,  marriage  of,  409 

HEATH,   352 

Heath,  Gen.  ,  361 

Heath,  Sir  Robert,  204 

Heckewelder,  ,  462 

Heister,  Gen.  Daniel,  member  of  Coun- 
cil of  Society  of  Sons  of  St.  Tam- 
many, 339  ;  sketch  of,  342 

Heller,  Col.  ,  270 

Helms.     See  Van  Zandt 

HENDERSON,   479 

Henry,  ,  148 

Henry,  John,  remonstrates  against 
Plan  of  Union  between  Great  Brit- 
ain and  America,  423 ;  mentioned, 
316 

Henry,  W.  W.,  421 

Hensz,  Henrich,  155 

Herrenbauer,  Paymaster,  death  of,  36 

Hertz,  Henry,  384 

VOL.  xxvi. — 32 


Hesseliu's  Portraits,  413 

Heston,  Col.  Edward,  108 

HEWES,  354 

Heydte,  Lt.  Morltz  Wilhelm  von  der, 
248 

Heysham,  Capt.  William,  11 

Hiddens,  William,  145 

Hlght,  William.     See  Agnew 

Hildeburn,  Charles  R.,  portrait  of,  pre- 
sented, 484 

Hill,  John,  appointed  to  take  Charter 
and  give  it  to  the  Proprietary  and 
Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  198 

Hiltzheimer,  Jacob,  11,  339,  346,  461, 
462 

Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania, 
circular  concerning  new  building 
for,  469 ;  minutes  of,  483  ;  officers 
of,  485 

Hockley,  Richard,  413 

HODGCOCK,  413 

Hoke,  Mary  M.,  marries  Rev.  John 
Bucher,  375 

Hokessen,  25 

Holker,  M.,  23 

Holies,  ,  204 

Hollingsworth,  Henry,  157 

Holmes,  John,  211 

Holmes,  Jona.,  211 

Hoopes,  Eleanor,  350 

Hoopes,  Joshua,  receives  deed  in  trust 
for  first  meeting-house  built  at  Fall- 
si  ngton,  350 ;  trouble  between,  and 
wife,  350 

Hopper,  John,  211 

Hoskin,  Robert,  70 

Hoskin,  Rolf,  68 

Hospital,  List  of  Patients  in  Marine, 
in  1784,  92-100 

Hoss,  Jacob,  287 

Hoss,  Mary,  query  of,  287,  288 

Hough,  John,  62 

Hough,  Margery,  appointed  to  testify 
in  favor  of  Thomas  Janney,  350 

Hough,  Richard,  Judge  of  Court  of  In- 
quiry in  Bucks  County,  198 ;  on 
committee  to  prepare  testimony  in 
favor  of  Thomas  Janney,  350 ;  on 
committee  to  enlarge  meeting-house, 
350 ;  on  committee  to  Investigate 
troubles  between  Joshua  Hoopes  and 
wife,  350;  and  to  settle  estate  of 
husband  of  Elizabeth  Brock,  350 ; 
receives  deed  in  trust  for  first  meet- 
ing-house built  at  Fallsington,  350 

Howe,   Gen.  ,  demands  surrender 

of  Pennsylvania  fleet,  3,  4 ;  map 
of  the  landing  .of,  25 ;  is  reinforced 
by  troops  from  Prussia,  28;  at 
Germantown,  30,  105;  at  Phlladel- 


498 


Index. 


phia,  267  ;  proclamation  of  amnesty, 
433  ;  receives  advice  from  Mr.  Gal- 
loway, 434,  435 ;  incompetency  of, 
436 ;  prepares  to  evacuate  Phila- 
delphia, 436 ;  controversy  between, 
and  Mr.  Galloway,  438 

Howell,  Isaac,  bondsman  for  Dr.  Phile, 
342 

Howver,  Lt.  Mathias,  401 

Hubley,  Lt.  Frederick,  401 

Hudson,  Thomas,  66 

Hugh,  Robert  ap,  49 

Hughes, ,  collector  of  taxes,  290 

Hughes,  John,  290,  295 

Hughes,  Matthew,  352 

Hughkughkeagh  nation,  451,  454 

Hull,  Sergeant  John,  data  wanted  con- 
cerning, 155 

HUME,  480 

Hummel,  Mrs.  Eliza  Bucher,  375 

Hummel,  Maj.  Frederick,  401 

Humpton,   Richard,   149 

Hunter,  W.,  119 

Huston,  William,  recruits  obtained  by, 
152 

Hutcheson,  Ensign  Samuel,  401 

HUTCHINSON,   476 

Hutchinson,  Charles  Hare,  obituary  no- 
tice of,  476,  484 

Hutchinson,  Francis  M.,  query  of, 
413 

Hutchinson,  Israel  Pemberton,  476 

Hutchinson,  Dr.  James,  476 

Hutchinson,  Gov.  Thomas,  of  Massa- 
chusetts, conduct  of,  criticised,  7,  8 ; 
burned  in  effigy,  8 

Hutchinson,  Thomas,  Mr.  Galloway  be- 
comes acquainted  with,  437 

Indian  Queen,  chiefs  of  Seneca  nation 
entertained  at,  443,  444,  445 

Indian  warriors,  names  of,  inscribed 
on  gorgets  of  sachems  of  Society  of 
Sons  of  St.  Tammany,  450 

Indians,  mention  of  liquor  being  sold 
to,  69,  70,  194  ;  conference  at  Eas- 
ton  with,  169,  173,  176  ;  complain  oC 
injustice,  371,  172;  demand  a  clerk 
for  their  chief,  173 ;  massacre  of, 
at  Conestoga,  179 ;  frontiersmen 
threaten  war  of  extermination 
against,  179,  180 ;  trouble  with, 
296 ;  mention  of  treaty  made  by 
William  Penn  with,  348 ;  William 
Biles  punished  for  selling  liquor  to, 
350 

Ingham,  Jonas,  Extracts  from  Memoirs 
of,  409 

lontonkque.     See  Capt.  O'Beal 

Irwin,  James,  145 


Jackson,  Richard,  307,  308,  434 

Jamaica,  part  taken  by,  in  Plan  of 
Union  between  Great  Britain  and 
America,  418 

Jamens,  Maj.,  249 

Janney,  Abel,  64,  358 

Janney,  Ann,  354,  358 

Janney,  Betty,  358 

Janney,  Charles,  358 

Janney,  Elizabeth,  358 

Janney,  Hannah,  357,  358 

Janney,  Jacob,  will  of,  192;  settles 
estate  of  husband  of  Elizabeth 
Brock,  350 

Janney,  Joseph,  352,  354 

Janney,  Martha,  bequest  to,  354 

Janney,  Thomas,  justice  of  the  peace 
of  Bucks  County,  193,  195 ;  inves- 
tigates charge  of  selling  rum  to 
Indians,  194 :  settles  differences 
between  John  Brooks  and  Lydia 
Wharmby,  349  ;  receives  deed  in  trust 
for  first  meeting-house  built  at  Fall- 
sington,  350  ;  signs  statement  to  re- 
fute misrepresentations  of  Keith, 
351 ;  marries  Hannah  Biles,  359 

Janney,  Thomas,  Jr.,  359 

Jay,  John,  78,  80,  316,  319,  368 

Jefferson,  Thomas,  during  administra- 
tion of,  celebration  of  Society  of 
Sons  of  St.  Tammany  is  first 
omitted.  458 

Jenkins,  Howard  M.,  mention  of 
writings  of,  480 

Jenkins,  James,  408 

Jenkin's  Tavern,  387 

JENNINGS,    358 

John,   Alice,   56 

John,   Griffith,   55,   56,   57 

John,  Gwen  William,  56 

John,  Hugh,  44,  54 

John,   John,   56 

John,  John  ap,  47 

John,  John  William,  56 

John,   Katherine,   56 

John,  William,  44,  56 

Johnson,  Col.  ,  367 

Johnson,  Andrew,  letter  of,  271 

Johnson,  Frederick  C.,  158 

Johnson,  Col.  Henry,  367,  368 

Johnson,  M.  J.,  query  of,  481 

Johnson,  Sir  William,  173 

Johnson,  William  F.,  portrait  of,  pre- 
sented, 484 

Johnstone,  Gov.  ,  213 

Jones,  Dave,  154 

Jones,  Edward,  Lands  of,  and  Com- 
pany in  Merion,  42-57 

Jones,  Edward,  Jr.,  49,  50,  51,  52 

Jones,  Evan,  50,  52,  53 


Index. 


499 


Jones,  Hannah,  53 

Jones,  Hugh,  56 

Jones,  John,  50,  53,  100 

Jones,  Jonathan,  48 

Jones,  Mary,  50 

Jones,  Rebecca,  53 

Jones,   Rees,  53 

Jones,  Richard,  53,  55 

Jones,  Thomas,  50 

Jones,  William,  52,  56 

Jordan,    John   W.,   makes   address   on 

aniversary  of  battle  of  Germantown, 

413 ;     receives    honorary    degree    of 

Doctor  of  Laws,  480 
Jordan,  William  H.,  presents  portraits, 

483,  484 
JORDBLL,  479 

Keichline,  Andrew,  Sub-Lieut,  of  Bucks 
County,  103 

Keith,  George,  disowned  by  Friends, 
350 ;  misrepresentations  made  by, 
351 

Kelker,  Luther  R.,  List  of  Patients  in 
Marine  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  92- 
100  ;  Record  of  Marriages  performed 
by  Rev.  John  Conrad  Bucher,  375 

Kempe,  Mrs.  ,  324 

Kendall,  E.  Otis,  415 

Kennada,  Adjt.  ,  409 

Kersey,  William,  211      - 

Kidd's  School-House,  meeting-place  for 
Society  of  Sons  of  St.  Tammany,  22 

Kirkbride,  Col.,  268 

Kirkbride,  Hannah,  358 

Kirkbride,  Joseph,  62  ;  Lieutenant  for 
Bucks  County,  103 ;  on  committee 
to  prepare  testimony  in  favor  of 
Thomas  Janney,  350 ;  settles  estate 
of  husband  of  Elizabeth  Brock,  350 ; 
witness  to  will  of  William  Biles,  355 

Kirkpatrick,  James  A.,  415 

Knaresborough  Meeting,  353 

KNICKERBOCKER,  query  concerning 
descendants  of,  481 

Knox,  Brig.-Gen.  Henry,  5,  344,  365, 
367 

Knyphausen,  Gen.,  25,  34,  35 

Lacey,  Brig.-Gen.  John,  Memoirs  of, 
101,  265 

Lafayette,  Marquis  de,  mentioned,  24, 
40,  248 

Lafayette  College  confers  degree  on 
John  W.  Jordan,  480 

Lagrance,  119 

Lake,  Johanna,  data  concerning,  re- 
quested, 288 

LAMBERT,  352,  356,  357 

Lambert,  Elizabeth,  357 


Lambert,  Mary,  852 

Lambert,  Thomas,  62 

Lancaster,  18,  26,  250,  251 

Lancaster  County  ordered  to  send  mi- 
litla  to  camp  at  Chester,  269  ;  re- 
turn of  officers  of  seven  companies, 
Fourth  Battalion,  401 

Lane,  Derick,  211 

Lane,  H.,  123 

Lane,  John,  240 

Langhorne,  Jeremiah,  witness  to  will 
of  William  Biles,  355;  mentioned, 
357 

Langhorne,  Sarah,  marriage  of,  352, 
354,  357 

Lawrence, ,  desires  to  marry  Sally 

Shippen,  239 

Lawrence,  Mrs.  ,  sickness  of,  238 

Lawrence,  Betsy,  death  of,  238 

Lawrence,  David,  49 

Lawrence,  Eleanor,  49 

Lawrence,  William,  66 

Lea, ,  mention  of  business  loss  of, 

72  ;  death  of,  75 

Leach,  Josiah  Granville,  contributes 
sketch  of  Commodore  Hazelwood,  1-6 

LEACOCK,  6 

Leacock,  John,  sketch  of,  218,  220; 
appointed  coroner,  347 

Learning,  Deborah,  antenuptial  agree- 
ment of,  with  Jacob  Spicer,  404 

Lear,  Tobias,  406 

LEASE, ,  data  concerning,  re- 
quested, 288 

Lee,  Col. ,  316 

Lee,  Gen.  Charles,  277,  368 

Lee,  Harry,  364 

Lee,  John,  411,  412 

Lee,  Mary,  letter  of,  286 

Lee,  Rebecca,  letter  of,  286 

Lees,  Tom,  286 

Leslie,  Gen.,  38 

LESSLER, ,  data  concerning  re- 
quested, 288 

Letters  of  Presidents  of  the  United 
States  and  "  Ladies  of  the  White 
House,"  115,  271 

Levering's  Tavern,  387 

Lewis,  MordecaJ,  231 

Lewisville,  157 

Lincoln,  Gen.  ,  34 

Lincoln,  Abraham,  writes  to  Hon.  S.  P. 
Chase,  123 

Lincoln,  Mrs.  Abraham,  letter  of,  124 

Lincoln,  C.  H.,  contributes  Washing- 
ton's Plan  for  the  Attack  at  German- 
town,  387 

Llnd,  Jenny,  384 

Lindemeyer,  Corp.,  32 

Lippner's  Brewery,  37 


500 


Index. 


Listen,  Mrs.  ,  239 

Lithographic  Portraits  of  Albert  New- 
sam,  382 

Livingston,  Anne  H.,  letter  to,  286 

Livingston,  Brockhurst,  329,  407 

Lloyd,  David,  becomes  leader  of  the 
Popular  Party,  199 ;  defends  Biles 
in  suit  brought  by  Gov.  Evans,  201, 
202 

Lloyd,  Thomas,  early  owner  of  land  in 
Merion,  44,  49,  53,  54,  55,  57 

Lochrey,  Capt.  Jeremiah,  company  com- 
manded by,  150 

Loesen,  Gen. ,  249 

LOGAN,  genealogical  data  concerning, 
479 

Logan,  James,  66;  extracts  of  letters 
from,  199,  200,  205,  206;  becomes 
leader  of  Proprietary  Party,  199 ; 
denounces  William  Biles,  204 

Lomas,  Nathaniel,  157 

Lomas,  Thomas,  157 

Lomas,  Timothy,  157 

Long,  Cooksong,  145 

Long  Island,  British  cross  to,  253  ;  Mr. 
Galloway  visits,  425 

Loomys,  Hannah,  157 

Loomys,  Rebecca,  157 

Loomys,  Ruth,  157 

Losh.     See  Loth 

Lossberg,  Maj.-Gen.  ,  36 

Loth,   Maj.  Edward,  412 

Love,  Sergeant  Robert,  145 

Lucan's  Mill,  388 

Lucas,  Robert,  justice  of  the  peace,  70 

Ludlow,  N.  M.,  384 

Luff,  John,  64 

Luse,  Francis,  211 

Luzerne,  Chevalier  de  la,  210 

Lycoming  County,  William  Thorpe  one 
of  the  early  settlers  in,  454 

Lye,  Anne,  58 

Lyon,  Col.  Samuel,  152 

Macalester,  Mr. -,  letter  to,  123 

Macalester,  Lily,  visits  Executive  Man- 
sion,  123 
McArthur,  Ensign  Thomas,  Jr.,  401 

McCarter, ,  death  of,  119 

McClawghry,  Matt.,  112 

McConachie,  L.  G.,  168 

McCracken,  Henry,  145 

McCulloch,  Lt.  James,  148 

McDougall,  Gen.,  361,  387 

McFarland,  Col.  Daniel,  410 

McFarland,  Lt.  John,  401 

McGrawdy,  William,  145 

McHatten,  William,   145 

Mcllvain,  Col.,  270 

Mcllvaine,  Doctor,  of  Burlington,  227 


McKean,  Chief -Justice,  elected  GOT- 
ernor,  236;  takes  part  in  St.  Tam- 
many celebration,  339,  341;  sketch 
of,  339 ;  Mr.  Galloway  writes  to, 
439 

McKee,  Capt.  Andrew,  Pay-Roll  of 
Company  of,  152 

McKee,  Benjamin,  278 

Mackey,  Lt.  William,  401 

Mackinet,  Daniel,  agent  to  receive  sub- 
scriptions for  the  Philadelphische 
Zeitung,  91 

Maclanagan,  ,  326 

McLane,  Allen,  364,  366 

McLane,  S.,  attends  dinner  of  Society 
of  Sons  of  St.  Tammany,  461 

McMichael,  John,  145 

McPherson,  ,  243,  326 

McSwaine,  James,  145  * 

MAFFITT,    156 

Malbour,  Duke  of,  479 

Malmsbury,  Lord,  229 

Manning,  Capt.  Richard,  401 

Marbois,  M.  de,  222,  342 

Marine  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  1784, 
List  of  Patients  in,  92-100 

Markham,  Gov.,  196,  409 

Marks,  Thomas,  buys  land  in  1726, 
356 

Marriages,  Record  of,  performed  by 
Rev.  John  Conrad  Bucher,  375 

Marshall,  Christopher,  340,  342 

Martin,  Absalom,  211 

Martin,  Lt.  Samuel,  401 

Maryftna,  37 

Maryland,  part  taken  by,  in  Plan  of 
Union  between  Great  Britain  and 
America,  418 

Mason,  ,  243,  326 

Massachusetts,  part  taken  by,  in  Plan 
of  Union  between  Great  Britain  and 
America,  418 

Massey,   Charles,  288 

Massey,  Louis  C.,  288 

Masters,  William,  appointed  Indian 
Commissioner,  172,  173 

Matlack,  Timothy,  270,  286 ;  secretary 
for  Society  of  Sons  of  St.  Tammany, 
339,  455 ;  sketch  of,  340,  341 ; 
urged  to  send  commissions  for  offi- 
cers of  Col.  Coats's  battalion,  345 

Matlock  Monthly  Meeting,  408 

MAUL,  479 

Maul,  William,  account  of  descendants 
of,  479 

Maurice  River,  West  N.  J.,  357 

Maxwell,  Gen.  ,  387 

Mead,  G.,  211 

Meigs,  Col.  Return  Jonathan,  364 

Mercer,  Col.  Hugh,  375 


Index. 


501 


Meredith,  David,  50 

Meredith,  Reese,  339 

Merlon,  26;  The  Lands  of  Edward 
Jones  and  Company  in,  sketch  of, 
42 

Merridith,  Samuel,  appointed  brigadier- 
general,  declines,  104 

Mervine,  William  M.,  contributes  some 
abstracts  of  powers  of  attorney  on 
file  in  Philadelphia,  411 

Meschianza,  19 

Michell,  Robert,  70 

Middletown,  251 ;  Records  of  Quar- 
terly Meeting  of,  351,  352 

Mifflin,  John,  227,  243 

Mifflin,  Thomas,  304 

Mil  combe,  Ann,  65 

Miller,  Henry,  query  concerning,  156 

Miller,  Peter,  287 

Miller,  W.  A.,  query  of,  156 

Milzenburg,  Adjt.-Gen.  Lt.,  32 

Minnigeroda,  Lt.-Col.,  wounded,  26 

Minor,  Nicholas,  data  requested  of,  155 

Mitchell,  ,  480 

Mitchell,  Col.  John,  343 

Mohun,  Mrs. ,  276 

Molitor,  Capt.  Christian,  31 

Mompresson,  Judge,  203 

Monatany  Road,  387 

Monocacy  River,  252 

Montgomery,  Rev.  John,  sketch  of,  154 

Montressor,  Capt.,  436 

Monyash  Monthly  Meeting,  408 

Moore,   Elizabeth,   342 

Moore,  Surgeon  J.,  Gen.  Grant  writes 
to,  274 

Moore,  John,  157 

Moore,  Robert,  341 

Moore-Smith  libel  case,  165,  174 

Moore,  William,  petition  against,  174; 
removal  of,  desired,  175  ;  reinstated, 
190;  member  of  Council  of  Society 
of  Sons  of  St.  Tammany,  339  ;  sketch 
of,  341,  347 

More  Anne,  412 

Morgan,  Cadwalader,  44,  46,  53,  54, 
55,  56 

Morgan,  George,  370,  372 

Morgan,  Hugh,  54 

Morgan,  Jacob,  346 

Morgan,  John,  54,  372 

Morgan,  Thomas,  372 

MORISON,  480 

Morris,  Daniel,  387 

Morris,  Margaret,  384 

Morris,  Robert,  77,  79;  ancestry  of, 
153;  Washington  dines  with,  222; 
contributes  towards  building  Free 
Quaker  Meeting-House  of  Philadel- 
phia, 341 


Morris  River,  62,  356,  357 

Morristown,  18,  34,  35 

Morrisville,  68 

Morton,  Thomas  G.,  469 

Mount  Ararat  Plantation,  47 

Mount  Pleasant,  243 

Mount  Pleasant  Farm,  326 

Moylan,  Col.,  402 

Mud  Island  Fort,  436 

Muhlenberg,   Henry  A.,   385 

Murfree,  Maj.,  365,  367 

MURRAY,    479 

Murray,  Francis,  413 

Murray,    George   Washington,   date  of 

death  of,  requested,  413 
Murray,  Capt.  James,  401 
Murray,  Lt.-Col.  Thomas,  401 

Nagler,  Lt.  Frederic,  32 

Nantwell  Township,  48 

Narberth,  45,  50,  52 

Nash,  Gen.,  387 

Neagle,  John,  385 

Neshaminy,  William  Biles's  land  near, 
66;  meeting-house  near,  356;  divi- 
sion of  Bucks  County  into  townships 
considered  at,  195 

Nevill,  Thomas,  sachem  of  Society  of 
Sons  of  St.  Tammany,  450;  sketch 
of,  454 

New  England,  William  Biles  and  wife 
propose  to  visit,  350 

New  Hampshire,  part  taken  by,  in  Plan 
of  Union  between  Great  Britain  and 
America,  418 

New  Jersey,  Society  of  Sons  of  St. 
Tammany  of,  organize  in,  210 ; 
dividing  line  between  Eastern  and 
Western  division  of,  mentioned, 
356;  part  taken  by,  in  Plan  of 
Union  between  Great  Britain  and 
America,  418 

Newlin,  Nich.,  special  commissioner  in 
Bucks  County,  195 

Newport,  31,  32 

Newsam,  Albert,  Lithographic  Por- 
traits of,  382 

Newtown,  Col.  Kirkbride  calls  meeting 
at,  103,  107 ;  new  court-house  and 
prison  at,  in  1724,  356 

New  Torlc,  Prussian  troops  reach,  28, 
29,  35;  celebrates  defeat  of  Gen. 
Gates,  36;  part  taken  by,  in  Plan 
of  Union  between  Great  Britain  and 
America,  418  ;  British  occupy,  432  ; 
Galloway  at,  434,  436;  account  of 
first  meeting  of  Society  of  Sons  of 
St.  Tammany  In,  462 

Nicholson,  John,  77,  78,  79 

Nickles,  Hugh,  145 


502 


Index. 


Norris,  Isaac,  daughter  of,  marries 
John  Dickinson,  163 ;  appointed 
commissioner  to  England  on  behalf 
of  Pennsylvania,  170 ;  opposes  peti- 
tion asking  Crown  to  resume  the 
government  of  Pennsylvania,  182 ; 
illness  of,  185 

Northampton  County  ordered  to  send 
militia  to  camp  at  Bristol,  269 

North  Carolina,  part  taken  by,  in  Plan 
of  Union  between  Great  Britain  and 
America,  418 

North  River,  obstructions  to  naviga- 
tion of,  2  ;  mentioned,  29,  34 

North  Wales,  Gen.  Armstrong  com- 
mands militia  at,  110 

Nova  Scotia,  mention  of  care  given  to 
refugees  from,  171 ;  part  taken  by, 
in  Plan  of  Union  between  Great 
Britain  and  America,  418 

O'Bail.     See  O'Beal 

O'Beal,  Capt. ,  invited  to  visit 

wigwam  on  Schuylkill,  443  ;  writes 
his  views  of  Society  of  Sons  of  St. 
Tammany,  447 ;  portrait  of,  men- 
tioned, 452  ;  toast  drank  in  honor 
of,  453  ;  sketch  of,  455 

Ogden,  Col.  Aaron,  374 

Ogilby,  Martha,  220 

O'Hara,  Gen.,  247 

Okill,  George,  154 

Opequan  River,  251 

Oram,  Ensign  Samuel,  401 

Osborne,  ,  243,  326 

Osmun,  Ben.,  211 

Oswald,  ,  347,  458 

Ottor,  John,  justice  of  the  peace  of 
Bucks  County,  193 

Overbrook,  45,  49 

Owen,  Ann  Whitpain,  52 

Owen,  Edward,  44,  50,  51,  52 

Owen,  Griffith,  45,  48,  51,  52,  53,  351 

Owen,  Griffith,  Jr.,  52 

Owen,  Jane  ap,  57 

Owen,  Jane  Coppock,  52 

Owen,  John,  52 

Owen,  Rebecca  Minshall,  52 

Owen,  Sarah  Minshall,  52 

Ozeas,  P.,  attends  dinner  in  honor  of 
St.  Tammany,  461 ;  sketch  of,  462 

Palmer, ,  of  Connecticut,  367 

Palmer,   B.   Frank,   385 

Pancake,    Philip,    attends    dinner    in 

honor  of  St.  Tammany,  461 ;    sketch 

of,  462 
Paper  money,  disagreements  over,  296, 

299 
Parker,  Capt.  Alex.,  152 


Parsons,  Capt.  John,  149 
Patison,  Maj.-Gen.,  36 
Patterson,  Martha  J.,  274 

Pattison,  Gen.  ,  369 

Paulus  Hook,  34 
Paxson,  William,  66 
Peale,    Capt.    Charles   Willson,    paints 
portrait  of  Commodore  Hazelwood,  6 
Peale,  Rembrandt,  415 
Peck,  John,  211 

Pelham  Moor.     See  Pell's  Point 
Pell's  Point,  battle  of,  158 
Pemberton,  James,  167,  294,  295 
Pemberton,    Phineas,    63 ;     elected    to 
Council    from    Bucks    Oounty,    19B, 
198 ;  appointed  judge  to  inquire  into 
affairs   of   Bucks   County,   198;    at- 
tends   first    Monthly    Meeting,    349; 
appointed    to    prepare   testimony    in 
favor  of  Thomas  Janney,  350  ;  writes 
of  floods,  352 
j  Pencader,  25 
j  Pencoyd,  54 

I  Penn,  Gov.  ,  refuses  to  call  meet- 
ing of  the  Assembly  to  appoint  dele- 
gates, 306 

i  Penn,  Lady  Juliana,  gives  donation  to 
support  German  schools  in  Philadel- 
phia, 407 

Penn,  Richard,  gives  donation  to  sup- 
port German  schools  in  Philadelphia, 
407 

Penn,  Samuel  H.,  query  of,  287 
Penn,  Hon.  Thomas,  gives  donation  to 
support  German  schools  in  Philadel- 
phia, 407  ;    quotation  from  letter  to, 
413 

Penn,  William,  presides  over  first  ses- 
sion of  first  Council  held  in  Phila- 
delphia,  192  ;    signs  commission  for 
Judges  of  Court  to  inquire  into  af- 
fairs   in   Bucks   County,    198 ;     quo- 
tation   from    letter    of,    concerning 
William    Biles,    203 ;     approves    of 
Gov.  Evans's  actions  towards  Biles, 
203;    describes  William  Biles,  204; 
mention   of   treaty    made   by,    348 ; 
quoted,  409 
PENNINGTON,   358 
Pennington,  Ann,  357,  358 
Pennington,   Edward,   357 
Pennington,   Isaac,   358 
Pennington,  Mary,  357 
Pennington,    Sarah,   357 
Penn's  Manor,  mention  of  dwelling  now 

standing  near,  355 
Pennsbury,  Manor  of,  65 
Pennsylvania,  Assembly  of,  recommends 
the   disbandment   of   a    large   State 
navy,  5 ;  Com.  Hazelwood  appointed 


Index. 


503 


Receiver   of    Provisions    for   militia 
of,     6 ;      citizens    of,     strongly    op- 
posed   to    being    taxed,    9 ;     threat- 
ened invasion  of,   17,  18,  19 ;    fast  | 
day  In,  appointed,  21 ;    toast  drank  i 
in     honor     of,     24 ;      character     of 
early    settlers    in,    43 ;     distress   of  | 
emigrants   to,    112  ;    names  not  ap-  i 
pearing  in  Fifth  Line,  151 ;  State  of,  ' 
in  account  with  Capt.  Parker,  152 ; 
political  condition  of,  165  ;    commis- 
sioners appointed  to  go  to  England 
In   behalf   of,    170;     Provincial   As- 
sembly    of,     described,     168,     296; 
proposition  made  to  change  form  of 
government    of,    179 ;     dutiful    be- 
havior   of,    concerning    Stamp    Act, 
293  ;    conservatism  of,  303  ;    return  | 
of  non-commissioned  officers  and  pri- 
vates   of,    402 ;     part   taken   by,    in 
Plan  of  Union  between  Great  Brit- 
ain and  America,  418  ;   Assembly  of, 
excuses  Joseph  Galloway  from  serv-  ! 
Ing  as  deputy,  430,   431 ;    Mr.  Gal-  | 
loway   forbidden  to  return  to,   438,  | 
439 ;    toast   drank   in   honor   of,   at  ! 
St.  Tammany  celebration,  452,  453  ;  I 
Charles    Biddle    elected    Vice-Presi-  j 
dent    of,     454 ;      Hon.     Samuel    W.  j 
Pennypacker    elected    Governor    of,  | 
480 

Pennypacker,  Hon.  Samuel  W.,  con-  | 
tributes  paper  on  Capture  of  Stony  | 
Point,  360 ;  elected  Governor  of  \ 
Pennsylvania,  480 

Pettit,  ,  426 

Petty,  Elizabeth,  60 

Phelps,  ,  of  Connecticut,  367 

Philadelphia  furnishes  many  sea-cap- 
tains, 1 ;  British  enter,  3 ;  pres- 
ervation of,  4 ;  public  meeting  held 
in,  to  raise  means  to  support  army, 
5  ;  Commodore  Hazelwood  appointed 
Commissary  of  Purchases  in,  and 
Port  Warden  of,  5,  6 ;  excited  over 
attack  on  Dr.  Franklin,  7  ;  inflamed 
by  news  of  conflict  in  Massachusetts, 
12 ;  wards  in,  form  separate  com- 
panies, 12;  contested  election  in, 
16;  many  inhabitants  leave,  for 
Lancaster,  18  ;  British  evacuate,  19  ; 
capture  of,  23 ;  map  of  plan  of,  26 ; 
legend  of,  26 ;  Prussian  troops 
march  through,  30,  31 ;  yellow  fever 
in,  75,  230,  234;  List  of  Patients 
in  Marine  Hospital  in,  92;  returns 
of  elections  in,  104;  Legislature 
under  new  Constitution  sits  at,  102 ; 
British  enter,  105,  106;  President 
Pillmore  Invited  to  national  anni- 


versary at,  115  ;  Ship  Registers  for, 
126,  280,  390,  470;  list  of  armed 
vessels  from,  145  ;  Galloway  resides 
in,  162;  trouble  In,  over  troops 
quartered  on  innkeepers,  170;  citi- 
zens of,  denounce  massacre  of  In- 
dians at  Conestoga,  179;  election 
for  members  of  Assembly  held  in, 
192,  200 ;  efforts  made  In,  in  behalf 
of  British,  250;  peace  declared  in, 
252  ;  British  at,  267 ;  list  of  serv- 
ants from  Dublin  who  arrived  at, 
287 ;  arrival  of  stamps  In,  causes 
little  trouble,  290,  291 ;  proceedings 
in,  on  repeal  of  Stamp  Act,  292 ;  de- 
mands messages  of  approval  sent  to 
Massachusetts,  303 ;  Committee  of 
Safety  of,  present  T.  Matlack  with 
silver  urn,  341;  Dr.  Phile  acts  as 
Naval  Officer  of,  342  ;  Father  Tam- 
many's Almanac  in,  347 ;  William 
Biles  member  of  Assembly  at,  348 ; 
meeting  of  Public  Friends  in,  to  tes- 
tify against  Keith,  351 ;  donations 
towards  support  of  German  schools 
in,  407 ;  some  abstracts  of  powers 
of  attorney  on  file  in,  411 ;  Plan  of 
Union  between  Great  Britain  and 
America  mooted  In,  417,  418;  Mr. 
Galloway  joins  expedition  for  cap- 
turing, 435  ;  Mr.  Galloway  appointed 
Superintendent-General  of  Police  ami 
of  Port  of,  435  ;  Gen.  Howe  evacu- 
ates, 436 ;  Mrs.  Galloway  insulted 
in,  439;  Cornplanter  visits,  446; 
Ellas  Boys  chosen  member  of  Board 
of  Port  Wardens  of,  454 

Philadelphia  County,  Gen.  Washington 
at  upper  end  of,  105,  106 ;  elects 
Joseph  Galloway  member  of  Assem- 
bly, 167  ;  ordered  to  send  militia  to 
camp  at  Bristol,  269  ;  William  Biles 
complains  against  Justices  and  sher- 
iffs of,  204 

Philadelphische  Zeitung,  91 

Phile,  Miss  Eliza,  paints  portrait  of 
Capt.  O'Beal,  452;  receives  thanks, 
453 

Phile,  Frederick,  chosen  member  of 
Council  of  Society  of  Sons  of  St. 
Tammany,  339;  also  sachem,  450; 
sketch  of,  342 

Phlliphaugh, 479 

Philips,  Maj.-Gen.,  36 

Phillippspoint,  35 

Physick,  Henry  White,  bill  of,  287 

Piatt,  William,  211 

Pierce,  Franklin,  letters  of.  119,  121 

Pierce,  Jane  M..  121 

PIERSOL,  157 


504 


Index. 


Pintard,  John,  211 

Pocahontas,   385 

Poetquessink  Greek,  70 

Pole,  Edward,  Society  of  Sons  of  St. 
Tammany  assemble  at  country-seat 
of,  21,  216,  219,  220,  221;  sug- 
gested as  candidate  on  Constitu- 
tional ticket,  347 ;  criticised,  447, 
448,  449,  455,  458,  461,  462 

Popp,   Corporal,   247 

Popp,  Stephan,  25 

Popp's  Journal,  25,  245 

Porter  Families  of  Chester  and  York 
Counties,  query  concerning,  156 

Portland,  Duke  of,  467 

Portsmouth,  Va.,  343 

Potter,  Gen.,  107,  108,  267,  268  ;  cen- 
sured, 110 

Potter,  James,  104 

Potter,  Thomas,  371 

Potts  Family,  Historical  Collections 
relating  to,  noticed,  159 

Poughkeepsie,  2 

Powder, ,  288 

Powell,  David,  deputy  surveyor,  42,  43 

POWNALL,  358 

Pownall,  Eleanor,  has  difference  with 
William  Yardley,  349 

Presbyterians,  hostility  of,  towards  j 
Quakers,  80,  188  ;  aversion  to,  291,  I 
292,  294,  303 ;  oppose  Galloway's  | 
election  to  Assembly,  294 

PRESTONS,   479 

PRICE,    157 

Price,  John,  145 

Prichard,  Capt.  John,   154 

Prichard,  Thomas,  44,  53,  54 

Pricket's  Fort,  151 

Princeton  College  confers  degree  upon 
Galloway,  165 

Pritchard,  William,  delivers  address  on 
anniversary  of  St.  Tammany,  450 ; 
sketch  of,  454 

Proctor,  Col.,  chosen  member  of  Coun-  j 
cil   of   Society  of  Sons  of  St.  Tam- 
many, 339  ;    sketch  of,  344  ;    chosen 
sachem    of    Society   of    Sons   of    St. 
Tammany,  450 

Puckle,  Nathaniel,  199 

Purdon,  John,  attends  dinner  in  honor 
of  St.  Tammany,  461 

Purviance,  Samuel,  290 

Putnam,  Gen.,  361 

Putnam,  Col.  Rufus,  364 

Quakers  slow  to  levy  military  taxes, 
165,  166 ;  seek  to  obtain  justice  for 
Indians,  171,  172,  179;  bitter  feel- 
ing against,  180 ;  desire  change  of 
government,  182  ;  hostility  of  Pres- 


byterians against,  180,  188  ;  prevent 
disturbance  in  Philadelphia  over  ar- 
rival of  stamps,  290  ;  influence  of, 
303  ;  A  Study  in  Costume  noticed, 
158 ;  Meeting-House  of  Free,  funds 
for  building  of,  341 

Quarterly  Meeting  first  held  in  1684, 
349 

Quohocking,  62,  357 

Rawle,  William  Brooke,  469 

Read,  James,  chosen  chief  of  Society  of 

Sons  of  St.  Tammany,  339  ;    sketch 

of,  340 

Reading  Artillerists,  386 
Reading,  Sam.,  211 
Reckless,  A.,  372,  373 
Red  Bank,  4,  26,  29 
Redman,  Dr.,  328 
Reed,  Cadwalader,  370,  371 
Reed,  Capt.  John,  401 
Reed,  President  Joseph,  343  ;    portrait 

of,  presented,  483 

Rees,  Edward,  44,  47,  48,  49,  50,  56 
Rees,  Evan,  44,  53,  54,  56,  57 
Rees,  Frees,  50 
Rees,  Sarah,  50 
Reitzenstein,  Capt.  V.,  250 
Reucastle,  John,  211 
Reynolds,  William,  157 
Rhea,  Col.  Jonathan,  letter  to,  372 
Rhoads,  Samuel,  304 
Rhode    Island,    inhabitants    of,    assert 

their  rights,  199  ;    part  taken  by,  in 

Plan  of  Union  between  Great  Britain 

and  America,  418 
Richard,  Rowland,  56 
Riche,  George,  416 
Richmond,  Va.,  Society  of  Sons  of  St. 

Tammany  celebrates  anniversary  at, 

456 

Ridley  Greek,  47 
Rigbie,  Elizabeth,  161 
Riley,  Robert,  145 

Robbins,  ,  marries  Mary  Biles,  352 

Robbins,  William,  bequest  to,  35 
Robert,  Gainor  (ap  Hugh),  44,  46,  49, 

54 

Robert,  Hugh,  54,   55 
Robert,  Jane  (ap  Owen),  46 

Roberts,  Col. ,   270 

Roberts,  Ann,  48 

Roberts,  Anne  Pettit,  144 

Roberts,  Cadwalader,  144 

Roberts,    Charles,    obituary   notice    of, 

144,  484 

Roberts,  Edward,  48 
Roberts,  Elihu,  144 
Roberts,  Hugh,  44,  46,  47,  48,  49,  51, 

52,  55,  56,  57 


Index. 


505 


Roberts,  John.  46,  48,  53,  54,  55,  56, 

57 

Roberts,  Mary,  55 
Roberts,  Owen,  48 
Roberts,  Robert,  48,  49,  50 

Robertson,   Lt.-(ien.  ,  36 

Robinson,  Morgan  P.,  413 
Rochambeau,  Count,  24,  40,  248 
Rochford,  Dennis,  66 
Rodney,  Admiral,  37 

Rogers,  ,  286 

Rogers,  Francis,  412 

Ross,  ,  317,  429 

ROUGHEAD,  480 
ROW,  480 

Rowland,  ,   65 

Russell,  Peter,  467 
Rutherford,  Lt.  Samuel,  401 
Rutledge,  Edward,  309,  310,  316 
Ryan,  Ensign  John,  401 

Saarbruck,  Prince  of,  40,  248 

Sage,  John,  legacy  for,  467,  468 

St.  Andrew's  Society,  17,  20 

St.  Clair,  Maj.-Gen.  Arthur,  5 

St.  George  Society,  Commodore  Hazel- 
wood  one  of  the  founders  of,  6,  17, 
20 

St.  Mary's,  Camden  County,  Ga.,  first 
fort  built  at,  called  Fort  St.  Tam- 
many, 458 

St.  Patrick,  Society  of  Sons  of,  17, 
20 

St.  Peter's  Church,  burial-place  of  Com- 
modore Hazelwood,  6 

St.  Tammany,  Society  of  Sons  of,  or- 
ganized in  New  Jersey,  210  ;  sketch 
of,  7,  207,  335,  443 

Salem,  26 

Salem  County,  62 

Savannah,  Ga.,  Society  of  Sons  of  St. 
Tammany  celebrates  anniversary  at, 
457 

Savell,  George,  347 

Sayre,  Damaris,  159 

Sayre,  Thomas,  482 

Scandar  River,  250 

SCHENKMAYER,  250 

Schipperston,  251 

Schlammersdorf,  Lt.,  26 

Schott,  Capt.  John  Paul,  muster  of 
corps  of,  477 

Schropp,  Miss  Ruth  C.,  279 

Schiihardt,  Lt.,  39 

Schuyler,  Hon.  Maj.-Gen.,  18 

Schuylkill  River,  42,  45,  105,  107,  110 ; 
Joseph  Galloway  member  of  Fish- 
ing Company  of,  162,  220;  chiefs 
of  Seneca  nation  invited  to  visit 
wigwam  on,  443  ;  Mr.  Breton  gives 


dinner  at  residence  on  banks  of, 
in  honor  of  St.  Tammany,  461 

Schwartz,  John,  386 

Scotch-Irish  complain  of  insufficient 
protection  from  Indians,  179 

Scull,  Martha,  454 

Seely,  Samuel,  211 

Selden,  ,  204 

Seldon, ,  of  Connecticut,  367 

Selin,  Capt.,  muster  of  corps  of,  478 

Seneca  nation,  chiefs  of,  Invited  to 
visit  wigwam  on  Schuylkill,  443 

Serghill,   Robert,   412 

Serle,  Ambrose,  162 

SETON,  479 

Seward,  Hon.  William  H.,  letter  to,  119 

Seyboth,  Maj.  von,  30,  247 

Seymour,  Commodore  Thomas,  3 

Sharlow,  William,  47,  48 

Sharpsburg,  251 

Sheddin,  William,  243 

Sheddon, ,  231,  233 

Sheerer,  Capt.  Joseph,  401 

SJiepherdstown,  251 

Shields,  Gen.  James,  letter  to,  121,  122, 
123 

Ship  Registers  for  Port  of  Philadel- 
phia, 126,  280,  390,  470 

Shippen,  ,  481 

Shippen,  Anne,  letter  to,  286 

Shippen,  Betsy,  229,  239 

Shippen,  Edward,  62,  206,  476 ;  letters 
of,  to  his  daughter  Margaret,  71-80, 
224-244,  322-328  ;  death  of  wife  of, 
76 ;  quotation  from  letter  of,  167 ; 
holds  court  at  Chester,  198 ;  ap- 
pointed Chief-Justice  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 236;  invites  Mrs.  Arnold  to 
visit  him,  324,  325  ;  writes  to  Dan- 
iel Coxe,  328-332 

Shippen,  Margaret,  sketch  of  life  of, 
71,  224,  322,  464 

Shippen,  Sally,  72,  76,  80,  225,  232, 
236,  239,  326,  407 

Shute,  Samuel  M.,  211 

Sichart,  Lt. ,  30 

Simcoke,  John,  197 

Simpson,  Lt.  John,  401 

Skippack  Road,  387 

Smallwood,  Gen.  ,  387 

Smith,  Gen.  ,  complains  concern- 
Ing  supplies  for  hospitals,  274,  275 

Smith,  Benjamin  H.,  contributes  sketch 
of  Lands  of  Edward  Jones  and  Com- 
pany in  Merion,  42 

Smith,  Charles  W.,  349 

Smith,  Dr.  George,  quoted,  204 

Smith,  Jonathan  Bayard,  member  of 
Council  of  Society  of  Sons  of  St. 
Tammany,  339;  also  sachem,  450; 


506 


Index. 


sketch  of,  345;  Philip  Pancake 
serves  under,  462 

Smith,  Samuel,  appointed  Sub-Lt.  for 
Bucks  County,  103 

Smith,  William,  ordered  to  appear  be- 
fore the  Assembly,  175  ;  writes  in- 
troduction to  speech  of  Dickinson, 
184 

Snyder,  Ensign  Simon,  401 

South  Carolina^  Andrew  Johnson  on 
secession  of,  271,  272,  273;  part 
taken  by,  in  Plan  of  Union  between 
Great  Britain  and  America,  418 

Southampton,  482 

Southern  army,  return  of  the  non- 
commissioned officers  and  privates  of 
Pennsylvania  serving  in,  402 

Southwark  Theatre,  Society  of  Sons  of 
St.  Tammany  hold  dinner  at,  20 

Sowle,  T.,  351 

Spencer,  Sergeant,  of  Virginia,  367 

Spicer,  Jacob,  404 

SPIERING,  413 

SPOTSWOOD,   480 

Springer,  Capt.  Zadock,  roll  of  militia 
stationed  at  Pricket's  Fort,  under, 
151 

Springetts'bury,  20 

Springfield,  34,  35,  253 

Springsteel,  David,  366 

Sproat,   Capt.,   446 

Staaten  Island,  29,  31,  34,  35,  252 

STACY,  358,  359 

Stacy,  Mahlon   (Justice),  62 

Stamp  Act,  Galloway  accused  of  favor- 
ing, 289,  292,  294  ;  tumult  in  Colo- 
nies over,  291 ;  repeal  of,  292,  293  ; 
results  of,  307,  311,  314  ;  Franklin 
writes  concerning,  389 

Stanford,  Thomas,  62 

STANLEY,  156 

Staten  Island.     See  Staaten  Island 

Stauffer,  D.  McN.,  contributes  Litho- 
graphic Portraits  of  Albert  Newsam, 
382 

Stedman,  Alexander,  data  requested  of, 
155 

Stephen,    Gen. ,    387 

STEVENSON,  357 

Stevenson,  Ann,  357 

Stewart, ,  paints  portrait  of  Ed- 
ward Shippen,  225 

Still6,  Charles  J.,  mention  of  bequest 
of,  469 

Stirling,  Ma j. -Gen.  Lord,  387,  437 

Stocks  quoted,  232,  233,  234,  235 

Stockton,  Commodore,  opposed  to  flog- 
ging in  navy,  122 

Stony  Point,  oration  by  Hon.  Samuel 
W.  Pennypacker  on  capture  of,  360  j 


Stout,  Abr.,  211 

Stow,  Mrs.  ,  119 

Strahan,  David,  300 

Stuart,  George,  415 

Stuart,   Gilbert,  288 

Sturgeon,  Lt.  Peter,  401 

Suffolk,  343 

Sullivan,  ,  32,  287,  309,  344,  387, 

388,  479 

Sumter,  Gen.,  248 
Swanwick,  John,  79,  225,  226,  228 
Swedes    Ford,     107,     109,     270,     343, 

409 
Swift,  John,  62 ;    commissioned  justice 

of  the  peace  for  Bucks  County,  193 

Tammany  Hill,  31,  32,  33 

Tammany,  Saint,  Society  of  Sons  of, 
sketch  of,  7,  207,  335,  443 

Tappan,  36 

Tarleton,  Col.  ,  39,  247 

Taylor,  ,  416 

Taylor,  Christopher,  elected  to  Council 
from  Bucks  County,  192 

Taylor,  John,  data  concerning,  re- 
quested, 155 

Tedyuscung  demands  a  clerk,  172,  173  ; 
charges  fraud  against  the  Proprie- 
taries, 172,  173,  176 ;  sketch  of,  455 

Teedyuscung.     See  Tedyuscung 

Tennessee,  Andrew  Johnson  fears  for, 
271,  272,  273 

Terwey,  Maj.  Zeidharss  O.,  30 

Tharpe,  William,  chosen  sachem  of 
Society  of  Sons  of  St.  Tammany. 
450;  sketch  of,  454 

Theatres,  bill  for  prohibiting,  men- 
tioned, 177 

THOMAS,  query  concerning,  413 

Thomas,   Abel,   56 

Thomas,   Cadwalader  John,  46,  47 

Thomas,  Edmund  D.,  211 

Thomas,  Evan,  46,  47 

Thomas,  Hugh  John,  45,  56 

Thomas,  John  ap,  42,  44,  46,  47,  50 

Thomas,  Katherin,  46,  47 

Thomas,  Richard,  51,  53 

Thomas,  Robert,  46,  47 

Thomas,  Thomas,  Jr.,  46 

Thompson,  ,  429 

Thompson,  Capt.,  78. 

Thomson,  Charles,  11,  173,  306,  310 

Tilghman,  James,  165 

Timotb.ee,  Louis,  editor  of  early  Ger- 
man newspaper,  91 

Toom,  Col.  ,  270 

Tories,  hostility  of,  101,  102 

Tory,  definition  of  a,  427 

Townsend,  Lord,  369 

Trenton,  101 


Index. 


507 


Trevose,  Galloway's  country-seat,  304, 
425,  431,  432 

Troddllng,  John,  data  concerning,  re- 
quested, 288 

Trot,  ,  225 

Trumbull,  ,  433 

Truxton,  Thomas,  2 

Tryon,  Maj.-Gen.,  36,  361 

Tucker,  Dean,  Pamphlet  of,  81,  255 

Tunis,  Anthony,  50 

Tuscaroras,  chiefs  of,  dined  by  minis- 
ter of  France,  208 

Tuttle,  William,  211 

Twining,   Ann,  59 

Twining,  Elizabeth,  59 

Twining,  Joanna,  59 

Twining,  William,  59 

Upland  County,  67,  68,  69,  70 

Valley  Forge,  19,  109,  110,  267,  436 

Van  Berckel,  Francis,  222 

Vandeering,  John,  387 

Vanderin's  Mill,  388 

Van  Zandt,  Viner,  counsel  for  New 
Jersey  Society  of  Sons  of  St.  Tam- 
many, 211 

Vaughan,  Gen.  ,  25 

Verplanck,  ,  426,  431,  432 

Verplanck's  Point,,  361 

Vidells  Alley,  22 

Virginia,  part  taken  by,  in  Plan  of 
Union  between  Great  Britain  and 
America,  418 

Von  Beust,  Ernst,  30,  32 

Von  Dieskau,  Capt.,  32 

Von  Eckert,  Capt.,  29 

Von  Eyb,  Col.,  30 

Von  Roeder,  Capt.,  35 

Von  Seitz,  Capt.,  33  ;   death  of,  253 

Von  Seybothen,  Ma;}.,  26 

Von  Voigt,  ,  247 

Von  Voit,  Col.,  26 

Vroom,  Hon.  G.  D.  W.,  contributes  let- 
ters of  George  Morgan  and  Aaron 
Burr,  370 

Wade,  Col.  Francis,  chosen  member  of 

Council   of   Society   of   Sons   of   St. 

Tammany,  339  ;    sketch  of,  343 
Wads  worth,   Col.,.  74 
Wagstaffe,  Thomas,  480,  481 
Waite,  John,  355 
Waite,   Joseph,  352 
Walker,  Lewis  Burd,  contributes  sketch 

of  Life  of  Margaret  Shlppen,  71,  224, 

322,    464 

Wain,  William,   322 
Walpole,  Thomas,  418 
Walter,  Richard,  52,  53,  54 


WARDER,    358 

Warder,  Ann,  409 

Warder,  Jeremiah,   238,  244 

Warder,  John,  408 

Warder,  Solomon,  66 

Warner,  Joseph,  387 

Warren,  ,  331 

Washington,  Gen.  George,  convenes 
council  of  war,  5;  toasts  drunk  in 
honor  of,  24,  217,  222,  452,  456,  457. 
462 ;  seizes  the  heights  of  Brandy- 
wine,  25;  position  of  camp  of,  26; 
joins  Gen.  Greene,  40;  attacks  en- 
emy at  Trenton,  101;  defeated  at 
Brandywine,  105  ;  takes  position  in 
upper  end  of  Philadelphia  County, 
105;  attacks  British  at  German- 
town,  105  ;  encamps  at  Whitemarsh, 
106;  at  Swedes  Ford,  109;  dines 
with  Robert  Morris,  222 ;  endeavors 
to  unite  the  separate  States,  223; 
issues  orders  to  Gen.  Lacey,  265; 
goes  into  winter-quarters  at  Valley 
Forge,  267 ;  sends  compliments  to 
Society  of  Sons  of  St.  Tammany, 
335 ;  purpose  of,  in  campaign  of 
1779,  361 ;  at  West  Point,  361 ;  at- 
tacks Stony  Point,  363,  364,  368; 
plan  of,  for  attack  at  Germantown, 
387 

Washington,  Mrs.  George,  406 

Washington  portrait,  query  concerning, 
156  ;  with  reply,  288 

Wass,  James,  62,  357 

Wass,   Joseph,  62 

Watkin,  John,  44,  47,  56,  57 

Wayne,  Gen.  Anthony,  selected  for 
attack  on  Stony  Point,  363 ;  makes 
tour  of  inspection,  364 ;  changes 
plan  of  attack,  365,  366 ;  wounded, 
367 ;  reports  victory,  368 ;  men- 
tioned, 387,  402,  408 

WEDDERBURN,  480 

Wedderburn,  Alexander,  attack  of,  on 
Franklin  mentioned,  7;  burned  in 
effigy,  7,  8 

West  Florida,  part  taken  by,  in  Plan 
of  Union  between  Great  Britain  and 
America,  418 

West  Indies,  French  fleet  arrives  from, 
39 

West  Nantmeal,  157 

West  Point,  36,  361 

West  River,  161 

Westmoreland  County,  accounts  of 
company  stationed  in,  150 

Weymon,  A.,  211 

Wharmby,  Lydia,  difference  between, 
and  John  Brooks  brought  before 
Quarterly  Meeting,  350 


508 


Index. 


Wharton,  Samuel,  424 

Wharton,  Thomas,  300 ;  writes  con- 
cerning Philadelphia's  Plan  of  Union 
between  Great  Britain  and  America, 
418 

Wharton,  Thomas,  Jr.,  5 ;  issues  or- 
ders to  form  camps  at  Bristol  and 
Chester,  269  ;  President  of  Council 
of  Safety  in  1776,  343 

Wheeler,  Gilbert,  accused  of  selling 
liquor  to  Indians,  68,  69,  70 

Whetzall,  Capt.  John,  pay  abstract  of 
company  of  rangers  of,  410 

Whigs,  actions  of,  101,  102 

Whitaker,  Dean,  439 

White  Hart  Tavern,  408 

White  House,  Letters  of  Presidents  of 
the  United  States  and  Ladies  of  the, 
115,  271 

White,  Miles,  Jr.,  contributes  sketch 
of  William  Biles,  58,  192,  348 

White,   William,   65 

Whitemarsh,  106,  107,  109,  387 

Whitney, ,  123 

Wilcocks,  ,   225 

Wilcocks,  John,  79 

Wilkinson, ,  member  of  Assembly 

of  Bucks  County,  103 

Wilkinson,  Nathan,  211 

Will,  Col.  William,  member  of  Council 
of  Society  of  Sons  of  St.  Tammany, 
339 

Willcox,  Barnabas,  46 

Willet,  Dan.,  68 

William,  Evan  John,  53,  55 

William,  John,  50 

William,  Rees  John,  44 

William,  Robert,  49 

Williams,   Col.  ,   402 

Williams,  Ellis,  51 

Williams,   John,   55,   432 

Williams,  Robert,  51 

Williams'burg,  39,  40,  248;  described, 
249 

Willing, ,  74 

Willing,  Charles,  476 

Willis,  Mrs.  ,  232 

'Wilmington,  25 

Wilson,  Gen.  James  Grant,  484 


Wilson,  Thomas,  327 

Winchester,  first  settlers  of,  249;  de- 
scribed, 250 

Windmill  Hill,  32 

Wissahickon  Creek,  387 

Wistar,  Caspar,  appointed  agent  to  re- 
ceive subscriptions  for  Philadel- 
phische  Zeitung,  91 

WOOD,  query  concerning,  482 

Wood,  George,  certificate  of  removal 
of,  408 

Wood,  John,  68 

Wood,  Joseph,  46,  47,  61,  348 

Wood,  William,  47,  48 

Woodbury,  ,  123 

Woods,  Col.  ,  250 

Woods,  Henry  Ernest,  159 

Woods  Mount,  Darby,  46 

Wright, ,  335 

Wrightstoivn,  349 

Wynne,  Jonathan,  51 

Wynne,  Thomas,  47 

Wyoming,  conflict  with  Connecticut 
settlers  in,  296 


Yardley,   Thomas,   352 

Yardley,  William,  63 ;  commissioned 
justice  of  the  peace  for  Bucks 
County,  193,  194,  19o  ;  attends  first 
Monthly  Meeting,  349;  has  differ- 
ence with  Eleanor  Pownall,  349 ; 
writes  concerning  difficulties  occa- 
sioned by  Keith's  separation,  350 

Yardley's  Ferry,  356 

Yeardley,   Samuel,  358 

Yeates,  Mrs. ,  481 

Yeates,  Jasper,  chairman  of  Committee 
of  Lancaster  County,  402 ;  letter 
concerning  gold  watch  for,  480 

Yellow  fever  in  Philadelphia,  230,  234 

Yonkers,  Joseph  Galloway  visits,  425 

York  County  ordered  to  send  militia 
to  camp  at  Chester,  269 

York  Road,  265 

Yorktown,  39,  249 

Young,  Peter,  47 

Zeitung,  PhiladelpMsche,  91 


The  Pennsylvania  magazine 
of  history  and  biography 
P65 
v.26 


PLEASE  DO  NOT  REMOVE 
CARDS  OR  SLIPS  FROM  THIS  POCKET 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  LIBRARY