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HANDBOUND
AT THE

HISTORY JLHD BIOGRAPHY.

Vol. XXIX.

PHILADELPHIA:
PUBLICATION FUND OF

THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA,
No. 1300 LOCUST STREET.
1905.

5409

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXIX.

"The Congress Voting Independence." A Painting by Robert Edge
Pine and Edward Savage in the Hall of The Historical Society
of Pennsylvania. By Charles Henry Hart. (Frontispiece.) . 1
Excerpts from the Papers of Dr. Benjamin Rush . . . . 15

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. By James H.

Watmough, U.S.N. , . .... . . . . . 31, 180, 296

The Lack of Civic Pride in Pennsylvania. By James M. Swank . 44
Some Revolutionary Correspondence of Dr. James McHenry. By

Bernard C. Steiner . . ... . ... . . . 53, 326

Some London Broadsides and Issues on Pennsylvania. By Worth-

ington Chauncey Ford . . . . , . . .65

Some Letters from William Hamilton, of The Woodlands, to His Pri-
vate Secretary. By Benjamin H. Smith . <. 70,143,257
David Edwin, Engraver. By Mantle Fielding "." . . 79, 320
Pennsylvania Gleanings in England. By Lothrop Withington, 89, 207, 310
Notes and Queries . . . ' . . . 102, 244, 359, 483
Book Notices .... . . . 124, 253, 380, 508

Gustavus Hesselius. The Earliest Painter and Organ- Builder in

America. (Frontispiece.) . . . . . . .129

Extracts from Diary of John B. Longacre . . . . .134

Bishop J. C. F. Cammerhoff's Narrative of a Journey to Shamokin,

Penna., in the Winter of 1748. By John W. Jordan . .160
Letters of Some Members of the Old Congress. By Miss J. C. Wylie 191
Letters of Hon. Alexander Hamilton and Rev. William Smith, D.D.,

to Hon. James Wilson, 1780. By Israel W. Morris . . 210
Genealogical Records copied from the Bible of Thomas Say . . 216

Four Letters Addressed to John Dickinson 224

Two Petitions of Citizens of Philadelphia County to the Governor of
the Province, for Protection against Indian Incursions, 1728.

(Frontispiece.) . 228

Letter of Robert Proud, the Historian, 1778 . . . . .229
Selected Letters of Michael Hillegas, Treasurer of the United States. 232
A Bit of Local Gossip of 1740. By Francis von A. Oabeen . . 240

(iii)

iv Contents of Volume XXIX.

PAGE

The Log of Dr. Joseph Hinchman, Surgeon of the Privateer Brig

Prince George, 1757. By William M. Mervine , . . 268

The Early Years of the University Barge Club, of Philadelphia. By

the late John B. Thayer . . . *.. . . .282

Genealogical Records of the Marshall Family, of Lewes, Delaware,

1737-1839. By Rev. C. H. B. Turner 331

Letters of John Paul Jones, 1780 . . . . . . .334

Wiltbank Family Records . . . . . . . .539

Rev. John Martin Mack's Narrative of a Visit to Onondaga in 1752.

By John W. Jordan . . . ... . .343

Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797. (To be Con-
tinued.) . . . . . . . ... 385

The Narrative of Marie LeRoy and Barbara Leininger, for Three

Years Captives among the Indians ...... 407

A List of the Freeholders for the City and County of Burlington, and
in each Respective Township, taken this 15th Day of April,
1745. By Dr. Carlos E. Godfrey, M.D 421

1704. By M. Atherton Leach . . . . . .427

The Quaker : A Drama in one Act. By August von Kotzebue.

Translated by Amelia M. Gummere ..... 439

Some Selections from the "Peters Papers,*' in the Library of The
Historical Society of Pennsylvania. By Miss J. C. Wyfa,
Custodian . . . . ... . .451

Delaware Bible Records. By Rev. C. H. B. Turner . . .467

Orderly Book, Fourth Pennsylvania Battalion, Col. Anthony Wayne,

1776. (To be Continued.) . . . . . . .470

How the Site of Carlisle, Cumberland County, Penna., was Pur-
chased ... 479

Officers of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania . . , . 513

Index . 517

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I

THE

PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.

VOL. XXIX. 1905. No. 1.

"THE CONGKESS VOTING INDEPENDENCE."

A Painting by Robert Edge Pine and Edward Savage in the Hall of The
Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

BY CHARLES HENRY HART.

No picture of an American historical event is better
known than John Trumbull's Declaration of Independence.
The crude colossal painting covers considerable wall space,
twelve by eighteen feet, in the rotunda of the Capitol at
Washington, while the beautifully painted small original
canvas, only twenty by thirty inches, adorns the Trum-
bull Gallery, in New Haven, and may readily be accepted as
the artist's masterpiece, with its exquisite miniature portraits,
several of them, says Mr. John Durand, in his monograph on
Trumbull, " comparable to the finest limning of Meissouier."
It was engraved in line by Asher Brown Durand, in 1820,
the first large and important plate artistically executed in
this country, which has been copied large and small, far and
wide, until, with John Randolph's witty, but senseless, sou-
briquet of " the shin piece" tacked to it, it is as generally
familiar as Stuart's Athenaeum portrait of Washington.

The great value of this picture is as a human document,

preserving as it does the portraits of forty-eight persons

connected with the most momentous event in the world's

history next to Magna Charta. Thirty-six of the portraits

VOL. xxix. — 1 ( 1 )

2 " The Congress Voting Independence."

were painted by Trumbull from life, nine are copied from
life-portraits by others, and two, Whipple and Harrison,
were painted from memory and description. Five of the
persons in the picture were not signers, one being Charles
Thomson, the Secretary of Congress, and Willing and Dick-
inson, of Pennsylvania, and George Clinton and Robert
R. Livingston, of New York, who were members on July 4th,
when the Declaration was adopted, but not in the following
August when the engrossed copy was ready for signature.
Of the remaining thirteen signers no portraits were known
in 1818, when Trumbull finished the original picture.

Until a decade and a half ago the fact that the same great
scene, as had animated Trumbull's brush, had several years
earlier inspired another painter, had been so entirely lost
sight of as to have been virtually unknown, when, in a dark
corner of the old Boston Museum, on Tremont Street, the
writer discovered the painting of The Congress Voting Inde-
pendence, begun by Robert Edge Pine and finished by Edward
Savage, now in the hall of the Historical Society of Penn-
sylvania. Upon comparing the Pine and Trumbull pictures
there can be but little doubt that Trumbull received some-
thing more than mere suggestion, from Pine's earlier com-
position, for the arrangement of his later picture. Both
pictures are remarkably well composed and while Trum-
bull's may have more stately dignity, Pine's is unquestionably
the most realistic and natural. But in the very important
feature of the architecture of the room in which the im-
mortal act was consummated, Trumbull did not follow Pine
and that feature makes the Pine picture of far greater
historical value and importance than that by Trumbull, as
Pine reproduces the chamber as it was at the time the
Declaration was adopted, for, as our story will show, it was
unquestionably painted within its very walls. The history
of the picture and of its painters is both interesting and
important and deserves to be preserved and perpetuated for
future students.

Robert Edge Pine was born in London, according to

" The Congress Voting Independence" 3

Nagler, in 1730, while Bryan, Bedgrave, and others give
the year 1742. If the earlier date is not correct, the later
one seems impossible from the fact that, in 1760, Pine
gained the first prize of £100 from the Society for the
Encouragement of Arts, for the best historical picture that
was offered, The Surrender of Callais, with figures as large as
life, a hardly possible achievement for a lad of eighteen.
He was the son of John Pine, who published (1733-37) the
beautiful edition of Horace, with vignettes and text
engraved throughout by himself and whose portrait by
Hogarth, in the style of Eembrandt, is familiar to students
of that artist's work. From whom the son gleaned his art
education is ndt known, but doubtless the rudiments were
instilled by his father. In 1762 he again took a first prize
for his picture of Canute Reproving his Courtiers. Both of
these prize pictures have been engraved, which is a distinc-
tion that would hardly have been accorded to the works of
a youth of eighteen and twenty. Between these two dates
he had for a pupil that erratic genius John Hamilton Morti-
mer (1741-79), which would also scarcely have been the
case had he himself been born only in 1742.1

Pine devoted himself to historical composition and por-
traiture, but his chief success was in the latter branch of
art. The most familiar portraits of John Wilkes, whose
principles he espoused, and of David Garrick, whose friend-
ship he possessed, are from his easel and have been re-
peatedly engraved, one of the former being lettered, Patri-
cius Pine humanarum ngurarum pictor pinxit. He painted at
least four different portraits of Garrick ; the most important
for size and composition, Garrick seated at a table reading
Macbeth, is in the National Portrait Gallery, London, while

1 There is a mezzotint by McArdell, published in 1752, of "Mr. Lowe
and Mrs. Chambers in the characters of Captain Macheath and Polly,"
after a painting by "R. Pine," which conclusively negatives this date.
1730, is adopted in Leslie Stephens' Dictionary of National Biography,
following the writer's article in Appleton's Cyclopedia of American
Biography, vol. v. p. 23.

4 " The Congress Voting Independence"

what is doubtless the original life study for the head in this
picture is in Philadelphia. Another portrait of Garrick,
by Pine, is in the Lenox Gallery, New York, and, a genera-
tion ago, was the subject of an entertaining monograph, by
the late Gulian C. Verplanck. From 1760 to 1784, Pine
exhibited fifty portraits at the different exhibitions of the
Society of Artists and of the Royal Academy. In 1771 he
angrily withdrew from the Spring Gardens Incorporated
Society of Artists, of which he was a member, on the ground
of an insult by the President and removed from London to
Bath. Here he painted portraits for eight years, when he
returned to London and in 1782 held an exhibition of a
collection of Shakespearean pictures that he had painted,
some of which were afterwards engraved and published in
Boy dell's Shakespeare.

In 1784 Pine carried out his often-expressed wish to
settle in America, by bringing his family to Philadelphia.
His object is shown in two letters written respectively to
Messrs. John and Samuel Vaughan, preserved in the Dreer
Collection of Autographs in the Pennsylvania Historical
Society ; and their date fixes his coming at least a year later
than that usually given.

LONDON, CORK STREET., BURLINGTON GARDENS

29th April, 1784.

SIR:—

I had the favour of yours dated the 4th of Feb. last
and am greatly oblig'd to you for your kind attention to the
disposal of my prints, but hope, soon after this, to have the
happy opportunity of thanking you in person at Philadel-
phia, having resolv'd to endulge myself in visiting the Place
and People whom I have most respected. I purpose bringing
with me the original Allegorical Picture of America, with
many Historical Pictures and others and doubt not the kind
assistance of Mr. Vaughan, and the Ladies, towards pro-
curing me a favourable reception. I hope to be able to
leave England in about a Month, and am now greatly

" The Congress Voting Independence" 5

employed in making preparation. My best respects attend
on Mr. Yaughan and Ladies and am Dr. Sir

Your obliged and faithful Serv.

K. E. PINE
To John Vaughan, Esq., Philadelphia.

CORK STREET, BURLINGTON GARDENS.

May 2nd 1784.
DEAR SIR : —

In my letter to Mr. John Yaughan in reply to his favour
concerning the Prints he obliged me with the care of, I
communicated my intention of immediately visiting your
happy Country, but I now find that I shall not be able to
compleat the business I have in hand, in proper time for
the Yoyage. I therefore must necessarily postpone for a
short time the gratification of a wish and hope I have for
some years entertain Jd — by which delay I hope I may be
favoured with your opinion of the present state of the coun-
try, with respect to the disposition and ability of its inhab-
itants for giving encouragement to Painting, either at Por-
traits or in perpetuating to Posterity the many glorious Acts
which honours the name of an American. I think I could
pass the latter part of my life happier in a Country where
the noblest Principles have been defended and established,
than with the People who have endeavored to subdue them.
I therefore hope you'll be able to satisfye me, that in so
doing I do not hazard the rendering myself the less able
to provide for my Family. Your kind attention to this and
a speedy reply will be very important to me and add to the
many services with which you have favour'd my dear Sir

Your much oblig'd and faithfull hum'll serv

E. E. PINE

To Sam'll Yaughan, Esq., Philadelphia.

P. S. Mrs Pine and daughters joyn with me in best
regards to Your Self and the Ladies.

The exact date of Pine's coming to Philadelphia is unim-
portant, but an advertisement in The Pennsylvania Packet for
November 15, 1784, shows that he was then here and

6 " The Congress Voting Independence"

affords an item of information of the first importance in
connection with the picture under consideration. It reads :

Mr. PESTE,

being honoured with the use of a commodious apartment
in the State-house, for the purpose of painting the most
illustrious scenes in the late revolution, hopes that those
who are desirous of seeing his pictures, will not disapprove
of contributing one quarter of a dollar on entrance, in order
to be accommodated with proper attendance, fires and de-
scriptive catalogues of the paintings.

N. B. Attendance will be given at the side door of the
Congress chamber, every morning, except Sundays at 11
o'clock. To open to-morrow.

On December 1st, in the same paper, he announces that

" The Sessions of the Supreme Court being over Mr.

Pine's Pictures are replacing in the Congress Chamber at

the State House and may be seen to-morrow (after the hour

of eleven) as usual."

And among the Etting Papers in The Historical Society of
Pennsylvania will be found A Descriptive catalogue of Pictures
Painted by Robert Edge Pine. 1784*. Philadelphia; Printed
by Francis Bailey, at Yorrick's Head, in Market Street. It
contains twenty-seven pictures chiefly from Shakespeare,
although No. 1 shows the sentiment that brought the
painter to this country : — " Allegorical Piece, representing
America, after having suffered the several evils of the late
American War is lamenting the deaths of those brave offi-
cers who fell in the glorious cause of Freedom." This is
of course the picture mentioned in the letter to John
Yaughan. It was painted as early as 1778 and was en-
graved on copper, in stipple, by Joseph Strutt, in 1781,
and dedicated " To those who wish to sheathe the deso-
lating sword of War and to restore the blessings of Peace
and Amity to a divided people." A framed copy of this
engraving is in the gallery of The Historical Society ; and
in the Inventory of Pine's estate, hereafter to be more

" The Congress Voting Independence" 7

particularly mentioned, there appears the original copper
plate with one hundred and sixty-eight prints. There is
a very rare print of this picture, also in stipple, bearing
the name of A. Doolittle sculp. New Haven. I have not had
the opportunity to compare the Strutt and Doolittle prints to
determine whether Doolittle actually re-engraved the Strutt
print upon the copper or obtained the original Strutt plate
from Pine's estate and inserted his own name as engraver,
a not uncommon practice with some followers of the burin.

The object Pine had in view he sought to fulfill by paint-
ing portraits of the eminent men of the revolutionary period,
with the intention of representing in several large paintings
the principal events of the war, but it is doubtful if any of
these pictures were completed. That he began their com-
position we know from the inventory of his estate, on file
in the Kegister's office, at Philadelphia (No. 146 of 1789),
which enumerates among other items, unfinished pictures
representing The American Congress Voting Independence, Cap-
ture of Lord Cornwallis and the Colors laid before Congress,
General Washington Resigning his Commission to Congress,
General Washington under the Character of Fortitude, four por-
traits of Washington, and the allegory of America Suffering
the Evils of War.

The first portrait Pine is said to have painted after his
arrival here is the well-known one of Francis Hopkinson,
now in the gallery of The Pennsylvania Historical Society,
and it was a letter from this gentleman to Washington, that
drew forth the famous reply from Washington beginning
" In for a penny in for a pound is an old adage." This letter
is as " hackneyed" as Washington complained he was " to
the touches of the painter's pencil;" but the Hopkinson let-
ter has never been printed, so I give it from the original in
the Emmet Collection in the New York Public Library.

DEAR SIR : PHILADA. 19th April 1785.

Encouraged by the friendly notice with which you have
upon every occasion been pleased to honor me, I take the

8 " The Congress Voting Independence"

liberty of recommending to your kind attention my friend
Mr. Pine, an artist of acknowledged eminence, and who
has given the World many pleasing and forcible speci-
mens of Genius. Zeal for the American Cause has brought
him over from England, to secure whilst it is yet possible,
faithful representations of some of the most interesting
Events of the late War — not ideal pictures but real Por-
traits of the Persons and places concerned. You will
easily discover the tendency of this letter and of Mr. Pine's
visit. Scenes, wherein you were so conspicuous a Part, can-
not be faithfully represented if you are omitted. I know
you have already suffered much persecution under the
painter's pencil and verily believe that you would rather
fight a battle, on a just occasion, than sit for a Picture, be-
cause there is Life and Vigour in Fortitude, and Patience is
but a dull Virtue. I would not insinuate that you have
not much Patience but am very sure you have a great deal
of good nature and on this we depend on the present oc-
casion. It would be no compliment to Mr. Pine to say he
is the most eminent artist, in his way, we have ever had in
this country. But his own pencil will display his abilities
in much better Terms than my pen, and I have no doubt
but you will find him worthy of your notice in every respect.
Mrs. Hopkinson joins me in most respectful Regards to your
good Lady. With sincerest wishes for your Health and pros-
perity, I am, Dear Sir Your ever affectionate friend and

faithful humble Servant,
GENL. WASHINGTON. FRAS. HOPKINSON.

Pine's likeness of Washington is feeble and unsatisfactory
ae are many of the portraits that he painted in this country.
At Pine's death he left four portraits of Washington, de-
scribed in the Inventory as " Kit1>cat," which is unquestion-
ably an error in size for half-length, as the three portraits
of him by Pine, now known, are of this size.

Pine was generously patronized by people of considera-
tion, doubtless owing to his friendly disposition toward the

" The Congress Voting Independence." 9

land of his adoption, and Robert Morris, whose best known
portrait he painted, built a house for him in Philadelphia
which was adapted for the exhibition of his pictures and
the prosecution of his painting. He visited Washington, at
Mount Vernon in April of 1785,1 and on his journeyings
thither and back he painted a number of pictures in Mary-
land which survive, including family pictures of the Carroll
and of the Caton families. Pine died suddenly of apoplexy
in Philadelphia, November 1 9, 1788, but I have been unable
to learn where he was buried. He is described by Joseph
Hopkinson as a " very small man, morbidly irritable. His
wife and daughters were also very diminutive; they were
indeed a famHy of pigmies." After his death his wife, who
kept a school for girls in Philadelphia, petitioned the Legis-
lature of Pennsylvania to be allowed to dispose of her hus-
band's pictures by lottery, which request was granted ; but
the project was not successful, and only a few were disposed
of in that way; the greater number being purchased by
Daniel Bowen,2 proprietor, with Edward Savage, of Savage
and Bowen's New York Museum, " a mingled establish-
ment, half painting-gallery, half museum"8 which Washing-
ton visited September 14, 1789, when located at 74 Water
Street.4 Later it was " in Greenwich Street, in a building
once used as a circus." 5 Just when the sale to Bowen and
Savage took place I do not know, but it must have been
subsequent to January 7, 1794, on which date James Kent
writes from Philadelphia, "I visited also Pine's Cabinet of
Paintings. The colors were coarse, but some of the pict-

1 "April 28.— To Dinner Mr Pine a pretty eminent Portrait & His-
torical Painter arrived in order to take my picture from the life & to
plan it in the Historical pieces he was about to draw. This Gentleman
stands in good estimation as a Painter in England ; — comes recommended
to me from Col° Fairfax — Mr Morris — Govr Dickenson — Mr Hopkinson
& others."— Washington's Diary, 1785.

2 Daniel Bowen died in Philadelphia, February 29, 1856, aged 96.
8 Dunlap, History of the Art of Design, vol. ii. p. 261.

4 PENNA. MAG. OF HIST. AND BIOG., vol. xix. p. 441.

5 Dunlap, vol. i. p. 321.

10 " The Congress Voting Independence.1'

ures striking, particularly the allegorical piece representing
America." l In 1795 the New York Museum was removed
to Boston and called the Columbian Museum. It was lo-
cated at the Head of the Mall, and a broadside descriptive
catalogue of its contents, in the possession of the writer,
enumerates one hundred and twenty-three finished pictures
on exhibition, chiefly painted by Pine, beginning with No. 1.
An Allegorical Piece, representing America, etc., and ending
with The original drawing of America. The two prize paint-
ings of 1760 and 1762, were respectively Nos. 15 and 16, of
the catalogue, which contains also the paintings exhibited
in Philadelphia, in 1784, paintings of Mr. Lowndes and Fam-
ily of Maryland, Mr. Sterrett and Family of Maryland, and
Mr. Hanson and Family of Maryland; portraits of Charles
Thomson, Eichard Henry Lee, Charles Carroll of Carroll-
ton, Samuel Chase, General Washington, and many others
not pertinent to our present inquiry.2

The museum, with the greater portion of its collections,
was destroyed by fire January 15, 1803. In 1806, Bowen and
W. M. S. Doyle, an indifferent portrait painter, erected the
museum building on Tremont Street, which, the next year,
was burned, rebuilt, and kept up until 1825, when the Colum-
bian Museum passed to the New England Museum. Fifteen
years later the New England Museum became the property
of Moses Kimball, who maintained it, as the Boston Museum,
for more than half a century. Mr. Kimball died February
21, 1895, aged eighty-nine years. In the fall of 1892, he be-
gan the dispersal of the museum collection by the sale of
Savage's painting of The Washington Family, well known
from engravings, now owned by The Democratic Club,
New York, and soon afterwards the writer acquired the
painting of The Congress Voting Independence, now under
consideration.

Exactly what portions of the painting of The Congress

1 Kent's Life of Chancellor Kent, Boston, 1898, p. 60.

2 A very interesting cabinet portrait of Alexander Hamilton, by Pine,
has recently come into the possession of Doctor Wier Mitchell.

" The Congress Voting Independence." 11

Voting Independence, were by Pine and what by Savage, it is
of course impossible exactly to determine. We know that
the picture was left by Pine unfinished when he died, and
we know that it afterward came into the possession of
Savage. "We know that Pine's painting room was the Congress
Chamber in the State House. We know that the portraits of
Francis Hopkinson, sitting at the President's table, writing ;
of Charles Carroll, seated to the right of Franklin, talking
with Stephen Hopkins, the figure to the extreme right,
wearing a hat; of George Kead, he between Carroll and
Hopkins, and of William Paca, the centre of the standing
group of three, on extreme left, talking to Doctor Rush, are
all from known originals by Pine. We know further that
Pine was an educated and accomplished history painter and
that this picture, with its thirty-two figures, is remarkably
well composed and drawn in a manner far superior to what
any of the works of Savage would lead us to assume that
he was competent to do. Indeed, the difference in ability
of the two men is shown in this very work. The group of
four standing before the table, with the senile figure of
Franklin, seated near, with legs crossed, is beautiful and
most artistic and in strong contrast with the awkward,
seated figure of Eobert Morris, in front of the table to the
left, with walking-stick in hand, which is unquestionably by
Savage, as the original of this portrait of Morris, by Savage,
is in the possession of the writer. Savage also certainly
painted the portraits of John Adams and of Robert Treat
Paine on extreme left to front, and he must have limned the
benign but characterless profile of Jefferson, who presents
the Declaration to Hancock, as Jefferson did not return from
France, after an absence of five years, until Pine had been
a year in his grave. We know by the Columbian Museum
catalogue that Pine had painted portraits of Charles Thom-
son, seated at the table beside Hancock ; of Richard Henry
Lee, and of Samuel Chase, but which are Lee and Chase
in the picture, I cannot determine. He also painted a
portrait of Thomas Stone, but I cannot identify it in the

12 " The Congress Voting Independence"

picture. Of the central group, the figure in profile, with
glasses and big wig, facing Adams and Sherman, puzzles
me exceedingly. The others being plainly Jefferson, Sher-
man, John Adams, and Franklin, the fifth should be Robert
R. Livingston, the other member of the Committee, but it
in no wise resembles him in face, figure, costume, or age.
I am inclined to the opinion that it is William Ellery, as
he, with Franklin and James Wilson, is the only "signer"
always represented wearing spectacles, and it is not Wilson
as he sits writing at the table to the rear, on the left of the
picture ; but why Ellery should be given such a prominent
position I cannot surmise. The most interesting piece of
portraiture in the painting is undoubtedly the central figure
of Franklin. It shows his figure and profile in old age as
we have them preserved no where else, and it is an ex-
tremely characteristic bit of portrait work, unquestionably
from the hand of Pine.1

It is my opinion therefore that the composition and de-
tails of the picture are entirely by Robert Edge Pine,
painted in the very room in which the event sought to be commem-
orated was enacted, which in Pine's time had not been
changed or altered, from what it was in 1776, and giving
its lines with the exactness of an architectural drawing. The
last point is of the first importance, and this painting was
accordingly made use of in the recent restoration of Inde-
pendence Hall to its original condition. That Savage fin-
ished Pine's picture of The Congress Voting Independence, is
shown not only inherently, but also by the old Museum Cat-
alogues in the Public Library at Boston. He did more.
He essayed the engraving of it upon copper the same size
as the painting, twenty-six inches by nineteen inches, and
the unfinished copper plate to-day is in the cabinet of the
Massachusetts Historical Society, as the work of an unknown
engraver.2 It was reserved for the writer to discover that

1 Franklin died April 17, 1790, and Savage did not visit Philadelphia
until after this date.

* Proceedings of the Mass. Hist. Society, 1858-60, p. 391.

" The Congress Voting Independence" 13

this plate was also the work of Edward Savage. At the
auction sale of the papers of Colonel Trumbull, in this
city, a few years ago, I chanced upon a letter that told the
story. It was dated " Boston April 11, 1818," from Edward
Savage, son of the painter, to John Trumbull, offering to sell
to the latter the plate and paper of the " print of Congress
'76 wich my Farther (late Edward Savage) had nerely com-
pleated," stating that " the plate is now in a situation that it
may be finished in a few weeks." Trumbull drafted his reply
upon the letter he had received, as was his custom, in which
he declines the offer, stating that " my painting of the sub-
ject was begun more than thirty years ago and all the heads
were soon after secured." TrumbulPs given period for be-
ginning his picture of The Declaration of Independence, the
year of Pine's death, adds strength to my thought that he
received something more than " mere suggestion" for his
picture from Pine's earlier work. This view is further for-
tified by the fact that Trumbull did not actually begin his
picture until 1791, as he wrote to Jefferson, a few months
earlier than his letter to Savage.

Edward Savage was born in Princeton, Massachusetts, No-
vember 26, 1761, and died there July 6, 1817. He was
originally a goldsmith, but subsequently turned his attention
to painting and engraving. Towards the close of 1789 he
left Massachusetts for New York, armed with a letter from
President Willard, of Harvard College, to President Wash-
ington, requesting him to sit to Savage for a portrait which
the painter desired to present to the university. Washington
complied with the request and gave Savage a first sitting on
December 21 " from ten to one o'clock" * Washington sat
again a week later " all the forenoon," and on January 6,
1790, " from half after eight o'clock till ten, for the por-
trait painter Mr. Savage to finish the picture of me which
he had begun for the University of Cambridge." This por-
trait is on canvas, twenty-five by thirty inches, and Josiah
Quincy, for many years President of Harvard, declared it

1 Washington's Diary, 1789-91. New York, 1860.

14 " The Congress Voting Independence."

to be the best likeness he had ever seen of Washington,
" thongh its merits as a work of art were but small."

Savage subsequently removed to Philadelphia, the seat of
government, and in 1791 went to London, where he is said
to have studied under West, and afterwards to have visited
Italy. While in London he engraved and published, after his
own paintings, bust portraits, in stipple, of General Knox
(December 7, 1791), and of Washington (February 7, 1792),
and his well-known three-quarter length portrait of the
President, in mezzotint (June 25, 1793), his first work in
that style.1 When he returned to this country he settled in
Philadelphia, where his brother, John Savage, was engaged
as a publisher, and there issued mezzotint portraits, also from
his own paintings, of Anthony Wayne (June 1, 1796), Doc-
tor Eush (February 6, 1800), and Jefferson (June 1, 1800),
and folio plates in stipple of Liberty (June 1, 1796), and
of The Washington Family (March 10, 1798). These plates
show Savage to have been a much better engraver than
painter as his plates both in stipple and in mezzotint are
skilfully and pleasingly executed. The stories promulgated
by Dunlap, and very commonly adopted and repeated, that
Edwin engraved the plates bearing Savage's name are absurd
on their face and disproved by dates.

This survey of the entire subject, with the abundant
data I have been able to adduce in support of my view, I
feel must be accepted without question as fixing the author-
ship of the painting of The Congress Voting Independence,
owned by The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, upon
Robert Edge Pine, who left the work unfinished at his
death, and the unfinished canvas coming into the possession
of Edward Savage, was completed by him.2

1 For other engravings after Savage's portraits of Washington, see
"Catalogue of the Engraved Portraits of Washington. By Charles
Henry Hart. New York, The Grolier Club. 1904."

8 For an account of Edward Savage Painter and Engraver and his
unfinished copper-plate of The Congress Voting Independence, by the present
writer, see Proc. of Mass. Historical Society for January, 1905.

Excerpts from the Papers of Dr. Benjamin Rush. 16

EXCEEPTS FKOM THE PAPERS OF DR. BENJAMIN

RUSH.

MADAM.

I sit down with great pleasure to acknowledge the receipt
of a letter from Mr. Adams, dated Feby 8., with a postscript
from you, which thro' a mistake or neglect in some of the
post offices did not reach me 'till the 10th of this instant.
I hope it is not too late to thank you for them both. The
remedies you have demanded from me to relieve the anguish
of your mind, occasioned by parting with your dear Mr.
Adams, have* now become unnecessary from my hand.
You have drawn a hundred resources of comfort from
other quarters since he left his native Shores. You have
heard of his safe arrival in France, of the marks of respect
with which he was introduced into that country, and above
all, of his zeal, and industry in promoting the liberties,
and adding to the Stability of the independance of the
United States. Give me leave to congratulate you upon
each of these events. To greive at the Absence of a hus-
band thus honoured, & thus employed, partakes of the
weakness of those who bewail the premature translation of
a friend from the humble pursuits of earth to the active <fe
beneficent employments of the kingdom of heaven.

I am led by the many amiable traits I have received of
your character from Mr. Adams, to call upon you to rejoice
in the happy changes that have taken place in the appearance
of our Affairs, since my correspondence commenced with
Mr. Adams. An alliance has been formed with the first mon-
archy in Europe, the haughty court of Britain has been
forced to sue her once insulted colonies for peace, the cap-
ital of Pennsylvania, the Object of the expenses & blood of
a whole campaign has been evacuated, the flower of the
British army has been defeated, and above all, a French
fleet hovers over our coasts. These Madam, are great, and
unexpected events, and call for the gratitude of our country

16 Excerpts from the Papers of Dr. Benjamin Rush.

to the great arbiter of human Affairs. When the Duke
D' Avignon saw his last Ship perish in a Storm, the war
before last, at Halifax, after having witnessed the destruction
of a whole army by Sickness, he cried out, " God is resolved
to have all the honor of conquering us to himself." In
like manner heaven seems resolved to have all the glory of
our deliverance to itself. The wisdom of our counsels was
often foolishness, & the Strength of our Arms was too often
Weakness. Even the capture of Burgoyne was the effect
of a mistake in Congress. By recalling Genl. Gates from
Ticonderoga, they gave the enemy a post which afterwards
led them into the heart of our country. The restoring
Genl. Gates to his command was not the effect of the
wisdom of the Congress, but the result of the clamors &
Spirit of the people.

Soon after my last letter to Mr. Adams, I was forced to
resign my commission of Physician-General to the army,
having no prospect of being supported in doing my duty,
either by the Congress, or principal Officers in the army.
This prepared the way for my returning to Philada. as soon
as the enemy left it, where I am now settled with my family
in the business of my profession. Our city has undergone
some purification, but it still resembles too much the ark
which preserved not only the clean but unclean animals
from the deluge which overwhelmed the old world.

I beg you would present Miss Adams with the little book
wch. accompanies this letter. It was written by Dr. Greg-
ory, one of my Masters, a worthy & eminent physician in
the city of Edinburgh.

My Dr. Mrs. Rush joins in best compts. to you and your
little family, with Madam your most

Obedient
Hble

Servant

B. RUSH.

Sepr. 8. 1778
MRS ADAMS

Excerpts from the Papers of Dr. Benjamin Rush. 17

MY DEAK FRIEND.

Your letter written a few days before your embarkation
for France, lays me under an Obligation to renew my
correspondence with you. You are pleased to say, my
letters give you pleasure. This is eno' for me. Happy
shall I esteem myself, if thro' your eminent & useful Station ,
I can convey a single idea that will add a mite to the happi-
ness of our beloved country.

Many new events have happened in our military & politi-
cal World since you left us, which have opened a new
system of thinking & acting among us. The Success of the
army in extorting half pay for seven years from the Con-
gress, has led them to extend their Views to all the emolu-
ments of a Standing Army. It is treason to oppose the
Scheme in a company of Officers — many of our citizens
defend it — and the idea once so horrid in the ears of an
American is tollerated even among our rulers. The great
Object of our Affection now is Independance, — the only Ob-
jects of our fears and resentments are British Commissioners,
now too contemptible to excite Anger. We have forgotten
that we drew the Sword in defence of freedom, and we
have not a single suspicion that the destruction of our
republic can originate only from causes within ourselves.

The Eastern States still retain their republican Spirit.
But Alas ! there is a degeneracy even among them of re-
publican virtue & manners. But the States to the West-
ward of Hudson's river, are nearly as aristocratical &
monarchical as they were seven years ago. We hear as
much of honor among them, as you do at the court of
France. We even advertise Accts. of Duels. It is true we
hate our late Soveriegn on the British throne, but we have
substituted an idol in the room of him, and we derive all
the blessings of our present glorious revolution from hia
Arm alone. We say in contempt of the very genius of
republicanism, which Supposes as many Servants of the
public as there are freemen, that no man but our Com-
mander-in-chief could have kept our Army together, and
VOL. xxix.— 2

18 Excerpts from the Papers of Dr. Benjamin Rush.

that his fall would be the extinction of our liberty. We
have lost but few men in battle, and yet every campaign
has wasted an Army for us. You know already my Opinion
of the cause of the misfortunes which have befallen our
troops, and that I have always ascribed them to Other
Sources than the negligence of Officers, or the wickedness
of Commissaries & Quarter Masters General.

Characters appear in One age, and are only to be known
in another. General Conway, who was the nerves ; Mifflin,
who was the Spirit ; & Lee, who was the Soul of our army,
have all been banished from Head-Quarters. The last has
been most unjustly condemned by a Court Martial for
saving our army at Monmouth on the 28th of last June.
Genl. Washington was his accuser. The Congress I believe
disapprove of the Sentence, but are so much afraid of the
workmanship of their own hands, that they are afraid to
reverse it. I blush for my Country when I tell you that
several Members of Congress leave the house when the affair
is bro't on the carpet.

Adieu, my dear friend. Cease not to love, and serve our
dear country. I expect (to speak in the puritanical phrase-
ology of our Ancestors) to see a republican Spirit yet
poured out upon us. Adieu. Yours —

Yours — Yours,

B. RUSH.

PHILADA.

Octobr 27. 1778.

JOHN ADAMS ESQR. —

Commissioner from the Ud. States of Ama.
to the Court of France.

PHILADA Novr 5th 1778.
MY DEAR FRIEND.

I am much Obliged to you for opening a correspondence
between Dr Garden and me. I beg you would thank the
Doctor in my name for his polite letter, and tell him I shall

Excerpts from the, Papers of Dr. Benjamin Rush. 19

not fail of answering it as soon as I meet with any thing in
the line of our profession worthy of his Attention.

Many thanks to you for your Oration. It is pregnant
with Sentiment, and breathes a Spirit of freedom which
cannot be counterfitted. Some trifling Alterations, I think,
might have been made in the Stile. My great partiality to
Swift, Hume, Bolingbroke, and Sir Wm Temple, as Models
of fine writing, leads me to prefer SIMPLICITY to every thing
in composition. I do not wonder that Mr. Pope, speaks of
the " Majesty," and Lord Shaftebury, of the " divineness"
of Simplicity in writing. In my Opinion it is the perfec-
tion of Stile, and is generally a very late Attainment of
Writers.

I hear with great pleasure of your progress in reputation
& in the esteem of your fellow citizens. I anticipate your
rising on some future day to the first honors of your State.
In your career towards political fame and importance, you
will soon lose sight of your old friend. I have detached
myself wholly from public business, & live only for the
benefit of an amiable wife, and promising boy, & my circle
of patients. This mode of life is the effect of choice no less
than of necessity, for the power which now rules in our
State is composed of my particular friends, from whom I
could ask nothing in vain. Our new Government is de-
molishing, & those furious patriots who have half ruined
our State, are now sinking into Obscurity & contempt. We
expect soon to see a convention called which will restore
to us (with a few necessary Alterations) our old constitution
under which Pensylvania became the first spot, not only
in America, but upon the Surface of the earth.

I cannot help calling upon you to offer up your thanks to
God with mine, that your friend Rush, is now in the land
of the living. On the 12th of last September, I was seized
with a most malignant bilious fever (caught from One of my
patients), which reduced me to the brink of the grave. My
physicians Redman, Kuhn & Morgan, shook their heads as
they went out of my room. My friends could do little

20 Excerpts from the Papers of Dr. Benjamin Rush.

more than weep at my bedside. I made my will, and took
leave of life. But in the extremity of my danger, it pleased
God (on the llth day) to break the violence of my disease,
& I am now thro' divine goodness so perfectly recovered as
to be able to do business as usual.

General Lee's tryal is the common subject of conversation
in this place. The sentence of the court-martial is now
before Congress. They dare not confirm it, for the pro-
ceedings of the court, which are printed, not only shew that
Lee is innocent of the charges brought against him, but
that he saved our Army, & country on the 28th of June.
They dare not reverse it, for this would impeach the veracity
and candor of our commander-in-chief, & he possesses nearly
as much influence over the resolutions of our Congress as the
king of Britain does over the Acts of the British parliament.
DeWit & Barnevelt were sacrificed to the excessive influence
& popularity of a Stadholder. They suffered Death. We
refine upon the cruelty of the mob of Amsterdam. We
destroy reputation, which is dearer to a military man than
life itself. CONWAY, MIFFLIN, & Lee were sacrificed to the
excessive influence & popularity of One Man. They were
the first characters in the army, & are all honest men.
Where is the republican Spirit of our country ? For my
part, I wish to see something like the Ostracism of the
Athenians introduced among us. Monarchies are illumi-
nated by a Sun, but republics should be illuminated only by
constellations of great Men.

Adieu, my Dr. Sir, and believe me to be your sincere
friend &

Hble Servt

B. RUSH.

PHILADA.

Novr. 6th. 1778.

DR DAVID RAMSAY

Charlestown South Carolina.

Excerpts from the Papers of Dr. Benjamin Rush. 21

DEAR SIR.

It gave me great pleasure to find from your last letter
that your feelings & Opinions accord so exactly with mine
on the present state of our Affairs. The time is now past,
when the least danger is to be apprehended to our liberties
from the power of Britain, the Arts of commissioners, or
the machinations of tories. Tyranny can now enter our
country only in the shape of a Whig. All our jealousy
Should be of ourselves. All our fears, Should be of our
great men, whether in civil or military authority. Our
Congress begin already to talk of the State Necessity y and of
making justice yield in some cases to policy. This was the
apology, I was told, for confirming the unjust Sentence that
was passed upon General Lee. Gordon tells us that in Eng-
land, the Whigs in power are always tories, and the tories
out of power are always Whigs. I think I have discovered
Something of the same kind already in our country. In my
opinion, we have more to dread from the Ambition, ava-
rice, craft & dissolute Manners of our Whigs than we have
from a host of Governor Robinsons, Dr Berkenhouts, Hutch-
insons or Galloways. Virtue, Virtue, alone my dear friend,
is the basis of a republic. "Fiat justitia, ruat ccelum,"
was my maxim during the short time I acted for the pub-
lic. I had no political Ambition to gratify. I neither
feared nor courted any party. I loved liberty for its own
Sake, & I both loved & pitied human nature too much to
flatter it. But what was the consequence ? my political race
was Short. I thank my countrymen for dismissing me from
their Service. I want no Offices nor honors from them.
My temper & my business render me alike independent of
the world. But still I will love them, & watch for their
happiness. I long to see the image of God restored to the
human mind. I long to see Virtue & religion supported &
vice & irreligion banished from Society by wise & equitable
governments. I long to see an Asylum prepared for the
persecuted & oppressed of all countries, & a door opened
for the progress of knowledge, literature, the Arts, & the

22 Excerpts from the Papers of Dr. Benjamin Rush.

Gospel of Jesus Christ, to the ends of the earth. And these
great events are only to be accomplished by establishing &
perpetuating liberty in our country. 0 ! best of blessings !
Who would not follow thee blindfold? Who would not
defend thee from the treachery of friends as well as from
the malice of enemies ? But I must stop. When liberty,
the liberty we loved, and contended for in the years 1774 &
1776 is my Subject, I know not where to begin, nor where
to end. 0 ! come coelestial stranger & dwell in this our
land. Let not our ignorance, our Venality, our luxury, our
idolatry to individuals, & our Other antirepublican Vices,
provoke thee to forsake the temple our Ancestors prepared
for thee. Put us not off with Great Britain's acknowledg-
ing our independance. Alas ! the great Ultimatum of our
modern patriots. It is liberty alone that can make us
happy. And without it the memorable 4th of July 1776,
will be execrated by posterity as the day in which Pandora's
box was opened in this country.

I am impatient to see your history. How many Chapters
or Volumes have you allotted for the blunders of our Con-
gress, & generals ? Weak minds begin already to ascribe
our deliverance to them. Had not heaven defeated their
counsels in a thousand instances, we should have been
hewers of wood & drawers of water to the Subjects of the
king of Britain.

With compts. to Mrs Gordon &c. I

am yours sincerely,

B. RUSH.
Deer 10th 1778.

RBVD MR. GORDON, at Roxbury, near Boston.

April 20, 1780

DR SIR.

This letter will be handed to you by Dr John Foulke, a
young Gentleman of a respectable Quaker family, who goes
to France to finish his Studies in medicine. He is a youth
of a fair character & promising Abilities, & wt. I know will

Excerpts from the Papers of Dr. Benjamin Rush. 23

add to his merit wth you, he is friendly to the liberties of
our country.

It gave me great pleasure to hear of your safe arrival &
favourable reception in Spain. We long to hear of your
entering upon the business of your embassy. I envy your
children the happiness of calling that man father, who after
contributing his Share towards giving liberty and indepen-
dance, will finally restore peace to the United States of
America.

Our Affairs wear their usual checkered aspect. Our
goverments increase daily in Strength & reputation. Our
army (which I saw a few Weeks ago at Morristown), is now
inferior to fe\f of the armies of Europe in Order and dis-
cipline. The number of our soldiers is small, owing, not to
a decay of the miliy or Whiggish Spirit among us, but to a
want of money to purchase recruits. The new Scheme of
Congress for calling in the circul'g money at 40 to 1 will I
believe be adopted with some alterations by the States.
This will, we hope, restore the vigor of 1775 to our coun-
sels & arms.

The French Alliance is not less dear to the true Whigs
than Independance itself. Even the tories have conformed
in some degree to it. The Chev. de la Luzerne, has made
them by his politeness & liberality, almost forget the mis-
chianzas of their once beloved friends the British.

Charlestown is in Jeopardy. But we believe all things
will work together for Good for us. Commerce & Agri-
culture flourish.

Adieu, Yours Ac

B. RUSH.

HONBLE. JOHN ADAMS

at the Court of Versailles.

Conversations with Dr FrankUn.

1785. — Dined with the Dr. with Dr. Ramsay, Mr. Rittin-
house, Mr. Littlepage, * Littlepage's Salutation,' &c. He
said the foundation of the American revolution was laid in

24 Excerpts from the Papers of Dr. Benjamin Hush.

1733, by a clause in a bill to subject the Colonies to being
gov'd by Royal instructions which was rejected. He said
in 1756, when he went to England, he had a long conversa-
tion with Mr. Pratt (afterwards Lord Camden) who told
him that Britain would drive the colonies to independance.
This he said first led him to realise its occurring shortly.

1786 Augt. — I waited on the Dr. with a Dr. Minto. He
said he believed that Tobacco would in a few years go out
of use. That, about 30 years ago, when he went to Eng-
land, Smoaking was universal in taverns, coffe-houses, & pri-
vate families, but that it was now generally laid aside, that
the use of Snuff, from being universal in France, was be-
come unfashionable among genteel people, no person of
fashion under 30 years of age now snuffed in France. He
added that, Sir Jno Pringle & he had observed that tremors
of the hands were more frequent in France than elsewhere,
& probably from the excessive use of Snuff. They once saw
in a company of 16 but two persons who had not these
tremors at a table in France. He said Sir John was cured
of a tremor by leaving off Snuff. He concluded that there
was no great advantage in using Tobacco in any way, for
that he had kept company with persons who used it all his
life, & no one had ever advised him to use it. The Dr. in
the 81st year of his age declared he had never snuffed,
chewed, or smoked.

Septem'r 23rd. — Three persons who don't care how little
they get for their money, waited upon the Dr. with Mr Bee.
He said he believed the Accts. of the plague in Turkey
were exaggerated. He once conversed with a Dr MacKensie
who had resided 38 years at Constantinople, who told him
there were five plagues in that town. The plague of the
drugger-men or interpreters, who spread false stories of the
prevalence of the plague in Order to drive foreign ministers
into the country, in order that they might enjoy a little
leisure. 2. The plague of debtors, who when dunned,
looked out of their windows, and told their creditors, not
to come in for the plague is in their houses. 3. The plague

Excerpts from the Papers of Dr. Benjamin Rush. 25

of the Doctors, for as they are never paid for their At-
tendance on such patients as die, Unless it be with the
plague, they make most of fatal diseases the plague. The
Dr forgot the other two. He added that Dr MacKensie
upon hearing that 660 dead with the plague, were carried
out of one of the gates daily, had the curiosity to stand by
that gate for one whole day, & counted only 66.

1786 Sepr.— Waited upon the Dr. with Mr K. Stockton,
he told us that in 1723, people went to market with cut
silver, those who had it not, procured provisions by taking
the country people to two Stalls in the market, & giving
them goods for them, which goods were charged to their
Acct's. & paid for once or twice a year. He added that, it
would be an advantage to our country for the Europeans to
be the carriers of our produce for many years, for as they
could not afford to lye long in our ports, they must always
sell 10 1*. cent, lower & buy 10 ^, cent, higher than our
own merchants, product of German Industry.

Octbr 1. — Dined with the Dr., with Mr. Bee, Dr. Minto,
Dr. Kuhn, &c. He said interest was 3 ^ cent ty. month,
for 10 months in China, or 30 ^ cent. ^ anm., which pro-
moted industry, kept down the price of land, & made free-
holds more common. Upon another occasion he said that
Credit produced Idleness & vice, & he wished that all debts
should like debts of honor or game Debts be irrecoverable
by law. He added this day that in the last 30 years of his
life, he had never enjoyed better health, than at present.

Octobr 12. — Waited on him with Dr Nisbet. He observed
that by raising the ear with his hand, he heard better than
without it, & still better if he formed a concave with his
hand round his ear. He spoke in high terms of the game
of Chess.

1787 May 3rd. — Drank tea with Dr. F., he spoke in high
terms ag'st. negro Slavery, & said he printed a book 40
years ago written by Ben. Lay ag'st. it, w'ch. tho' confused,
contained just tho'ts & good sense, but in bad order.

April. — Dined with Dr. He spoke of the talkativeness of

26 Excerpts from the Papers of Dr. Benjamin Rush.

the French nation, & told a story of the Abbe Raynal, who
was a great talker, who came into a company where a
French man talked so long & so incessantly that, he could
not get in a word. At last he cried out " il e pendu, si il
crache" " He is lost, if he spits." His grandson told another
story of a Frenchman, who was dining, complaining to his
companions that their noise kept him from tasting his
Victuals.

1788 April 19th. — Spent half an hour wth Dr. F. in his
library. " He observed that a man lost 10 ^ cent, on the
value, by lending his books ; that he once knew a man who
never returned a borrowed book, because no one ever re-
turned books borrowed from him." He condemned the
foreign commerce of the United States, and observed that
the greatest part of the trade of the World, was carried on
for Luxuries most of which were really injurious to health
or Society, such as tea, tobacco, Rum, Sugar, and negro
Slaves. He added, " when I read the advertisements in our
papers of imported goods for sale, I think of the Speech of
a philosopher upon walking thro' a fair, " how happy am I
that I want none of these things."

Sepr %®. — Waited upon Dr. Franklin with Doctor Thibou,
of Antigua. The Dr. said few but quacks ever made money
by physic, & that no bill drawn upon the credulity of the
people of London by quacks, was ever protested. He
ascribed the success of quacks partly to patients extolling
the efficacy of the remedies they took from them, rather
than confess their ignorance & credulity, hence it was justly
said, " quacks were the greatest lyers in the world, except
their patients." He told two stories, the one of a Jew who
had peculated in the French army, being told when under
confinement that he would be hanged, to wch. the Jew
answered, " who ever heard of a man being hanged worth
200,000 livres," & he accordingly escaped. The Judges in
Mexico being ordered to prosecute a man for peculation,
found him innocent, for wch. they said, " they were sorry
both for his own, & their sakes."

Excerpts from the Papers of Dr. Benjamin Rush. 27

British Commissary. Story of ears more faithful than
eyes (?) He added further, that in riding thro' New Eng'd.
he overtook a post Rider that was once a shoemaker, &
fell into consumption, but upon riding two years as a post
in all weathers, between N"ew York, & Connecticut river
(140 miles), he recovered perfectly, upon which he returned
to his old business, but upon finding a return of his con-
sumption, he rode post again, in which business he con-
tinued in good health 30 years. He said that he could have
purchased the independance of America at 1/10 of the money
expended in defending it; such was the venality of the
British Court. (?)

Novr. — Spend half an hour with Dr. in company with the
Revd. Mr. Bisset & Mr. Goldsborough. He said Sir Jno
Pringle once told him 92 fevers out of 100 cured themselves,
4 were cured by Art, & 4 proved fatal.

About the end of this month, I saw him alone. He
talked of Climates ; I borrowed some hinte from this Con-
versation for the essay on Climates.

1789. June l%ih. — Had a long conversation with him
on the Latin and Greek languages. He called them the
" quackery of literature". He spent only abt. a year at
a Latin School, when between 8 & 9 years of Age. At 33,
he learned French, after this Italian & Spanish wch. led him
to learn Latin wch. he acquired with great ease. He highly
approved of learning Geography in early life, & said that he
had taught himself it, when a boy, while his father was at
prayers, by looking over four large maps which hung in
his father's parlour.

Time misspent, & time spending itself.

Conversations in London in 1768 & 9.

Four ways of winding up conversations, by Stories of
robbers, Duels, murders, & in America of Snakes.

The ministry read history not to avoid blunders, but to
adopt & imitate them.

" So, (said Mr. Gerard), Sir Wm. Howe has taken Phila-

28 Excerpts from the Papers of Dr. Benjamin Rush.

delphia." " You mean Sir, Philadelphia has taken Sir
Wm. Howe."

" Why do you wear that old coat to day," said Mr Dean
to Dr F on their way to sign the treaty with the United
States. " To give it a little revenge. I wore this Coat on
the day Widderburn abused me at Whitehall," said the
Doctor. He had great influence at the court of France.

A letter from to Mr Carmichsel said, " he seldom goes

to court, but when he does, every thing he says flies by the
next post to every part of the kingdom."

His method of improving a bad hand; he learnt to write
a good hand after he was 30 years of age.

Maryland.

Samuel Chase, a bold declaimer with slender reasoning
powers. His person & manner were very acceptable, and
to these, he owed much of his success in political life. He
was an advocate for paper money in the Maryland Assembly
in the year 1786. He was believed by some, & suspected by
most of his fellow citizens to have wanted

Wm Paca, a good tempered, worthy man, with a sound
understanding, which he was too indolent to exercise. He
therefore gave himself up to be directed both in his political
opinions & conduct by Sam Chase, who had been the friend
of his youth, & for whom he retained a regard in every stage
of his life.

Anecdotes, Facts, Characters, £c.

The first motion to build, or to arm vessels to cruise
against the trade of Britain, was made in Congress in 1776,
towards the close of the year. It was ridiculed from every
part of the house. It was thought the height of madness
to think of opposing Britain on the ocean. The motion was
notwithstanding seconded & carried. Four vessels were
fitted out in Philadelphia, two of which reduced & plun-
dered the Island of Providence, & afterwards fought a
British Ship of war called the Glasgow. In 1779, the

Excerpts from the Papers of Dr. Benjamin Rush. 29

United States had 7 frigates completely manned, and were
nearly mistresses of the American Coast.

The Scotch people in Pennsylvania were generally in
favor of the American cause. But they still retained their
National Character. They attached themselves strongly to
the new powers that were formed upon the ruins of the Old
Ones. They were always in favor of every civil or military
Administration, however unwisely, or arbitrarily it was
exercised.

The Jews were generally Whigs, in every Stage of the
revolution.

I sat next to Dr. Franklin in Congress when he was
chosen Commissioner to go to France, in Octobr 1776. He
was then upwards of 70 years of age. Upon my congratu-
lating him upon his appointment, he said, " I am now like
the remnant of a piece of cloath, the Shopkeepers, you
know, generally say when they sell it, you may have it for
what you please. Just so my country may command my
Services in any way they chuse."

The character of Dr. Franklin has been lessened in the
opinion of some people, by a supposition that he had a
share in forming the constitution of Pennsylvania. It is
true, he assented to it, but it is equally true, in a letter to
general Wayne, & in a conversation with Mr. John Morton,
& myself, he strongly reprobated that part of the consti-
tution which places the Supreme power of the state in the
hands of a Single legislature. There is a pamphlet of the
Doctor's printed in the year 1763, in which he supposes
three branches preferable to two.

Mr. John Dickinson possessed great political integrity in
every stage of the controversy, but wanted political forti-
tude. In the debates upon the Declaration of Indepen-
dance Mr. John Adams began a Speech by invoking the
God of Eloquence to inspire him upon such a copious Sub-
ject. Mr. Dickinson began a reply to Mr. Adams's Speech
in the following words. " The gentleman who spoke last,
began by invoking a heathen God. I shall introduce what

30 Excerpts from the Papers of Dr. Benjamin Rush.

I have to say, by humbly invoking the God of heaven &
earth to inspire me with the knowledge & love of truth,
and if what I am about to say in opposition to the Declara-
tion of Independance should be injurious in any degree to
my country, I pray God to overrule my Arguments, and to
direct us to such a decision upon this weighty question as
shall be most for the interest & happiness of the people
committed to our care." "I know," added he further,
" that the tide of the prejudices & passions of the people at
large is strongly in favor of Independance. I know too,
that I have acquired a character, and some popularity with
them, both of which I shall risk by opposing this favorite
measure. But I had rather risk both, than speak, or vote
contrary to the dictates of my judgement and conscience."

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. 31

LETTEES OF JAMES H. WATMOUGH TO HIS WIFE,

1785.

BY JAMES H. WATMOUGH F.S.N.

[James Horatio Watmough, son of Captain Edmund and Marie Ellis
Watmough, was born in 1754, at Halifax, Nova Scotia. His father
served in the British army during the French and Indian wars. At
eight years of age he was sent to England to be educated. Subsequently
he entered the office of his cousin Henry Hope, the Banker of Amster-
dam, where he continued until 1782, when he returned to Philadelphia
and engaged in a jnercantile business. He died in 1812, leaving two
sons and two daughters, John G. ; Edmund ; Margaretta, wife of John
Sergeant, and Maria, who married Joseph Reed.]

Arrived in Cove on Saturday evening the 30 September
1786, after a very short and agreeable passage — anchored at
about 7 o'clock in the evening — a Brigg sailing out of the
Harbour, Cap* Bull for New York, and wrote a few lines to
Mrs. Watmough.

Sunday, 1st October. — Dined on board — forwarded the
letters per post transmitted to my care — went on shore in
the afternoon and took a walk — found the Town very
disagreeable and dirty — the Captain taken ill — I stayed with
him — his sickness obliged me to attend him all night.

Monday, 2d Oct. — Went on board and dined — after dinner
got Cap* Gilpin into lodgings — his illness prevented his
going to Cork — slept on board.

Tuesday, 3d Oct. — Went to Cork on horseback about
Cap* Gilpin's business, which accordingly did — went to the
Coffee House — met my old friend Andr O'Shea Esq — dined
at Mr. Anderson's the Agent for the vessel. Mr. A. was
in Britain — his lady a most amiable Lady, to whose kind
civilities I shall ever be grateful. Returned to Cove in the
evening — the ride from Cove to Cork is very agreeable, the
land highly cultivated, several elegant seats, particularly
Maryborough, the seat of Mr Newenham — passage is a

32 Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

small dirty Town opposite to which the shipping in general
lay. On my return found Cap* Gilpin rather better; in
consequence of my ride caught a violent cough ; slept on
board.

Wednesday, 4th Octr, remained on board to nurse myself.

Thursday, 5th — In the afternoon went on shore with Mr.
Mory, took a pleasant walk in the Country, drank Tea at
a Tavern, and returned on board.

Friday, 6th — Mr. O'Shea hearing I was sick came down
and took me to Town ; arrived at his House in the evening,
was introduced to his amiable wife. Spent the evening en
famille.

Saturday 7th — Took a walk about the Town; it having
rained the Streets were dirty not a little. The Town of
Cork is built on 18 small Islands; the form is circular; the
Streets in general are narrow and close, except some few
that the canals are filled up. The Houses in General are
good — and some elegant for the major part of them, the
inside far surpass the outside ; they are elegantly furnished.
On the parade is an elegant equestrian Statue of George
the 2nd in Bronze, by no means ill executed. The Play
House is a small neat building and the prospective of the
seats are very judicious — the ornaments not extraordinary.
The public assembly room is beautifull, about 80 feet by
40 feet, covered in stucco, about 40 feet high ; the Glasses
are well displayed the Branches and chandeliers elegant,
in short the room is elegant in simplicity. The Card-
room, 30 feet by 40 feet; the Tea room ditto, and three
gmall drawing rooms 18 feet by 18 for the convenience of
the Company. The Exchange is a small but elegant build-
ing, but is hid in a narrow street. The Mansion House of
the Mayor is a noble building but rather heavy; the
Bishop's palace is a beautifull building, and commands a
grand view of the Town. The Barracks are noble and
spacious ; the County and City Court Houses are miserable
buildings and very inconvenient; the Jails are shocking,
the buildings are good but too small, and in a confined part

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. 33

of the City. The Churches are neat and exceeding well
kept, so are the church yards. The Cathedral of St
Barry's is a pretty building, but the avenues to it are shock-
ing. The Custom house is a neat building, but as they
are going to build a bridge across the River to make it
more convenient for the intercourse of Travellers and the
inhabitants, £30,000 is voted to build a new Custom house
as they also intend to build a new Jail, — and the County
and City join therein, just out of the City, on an emi-
nence— to pull down the old ones, and open the Streets
and by filling up the Canals, the City bids fair to be much
beautified in a few years. St. Patrick street is at present
elegant. To tke West of the Town is a beautiful publick
walk about a mile and J long, near the side of the River,
and on the same is a double row of Trees. Several Tea
Houses are situated near the River, to which much com-
pany resort. I took a most delightfull excursion down the
country to a seat of Mr. Peter Grant called Mirtle Villa, it
is near the entrance of the Harbour. The country through
which I rode was elegant and in the highest state of culti-
vation and improvement; the Houses of the Gentry are
large and elegant, but the poor peasantry live exceeding ill,
their Houses are built of mud and straw and thatched roofs,
very few of them have any place to convey the smoke out
but through the door, which of course being generally open
their Hogs etc. have full liberty to walk in and out Of
course the peasantry must be very dirty, however they look
healthy and must be very laborious in order to bring up
their rents. Their living is very mean, Potatoes and milk,
some may afford to live better ; the laborage is exceeding
low, from 4d to 9d per day — that is 6 oclock a.m. to 6 p.m.
The Country Gentry live exceeding well, and the hospitality
and Politeness of them to strangers will ever be remembered
by me.

The major part of the farms are inclosed with substantial
stone walls and rough casted. The estate of a Mr. Hodder,
near Cross-haven, has a wall round it about 9 feet high : his
VOL. XXTX. — 3

84 Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

estate is about 900 acres in his own hands, improved in this
manner — I looked with astonishment at improvements of
this kind. My friend Mr. Ts place is small, but from the
elegance of its situation, being sheltered from all bleak
winds and still commands a view of all the shipping coming
to and going from Cove to sea, it is about 13 miles from
Cork. This Mr. T. is brother to Mr. T. T. you remember
in America last year. On the North side of the river the
Country is far better improved than on the S. Side. I rode
out with a couple of amiable young Ladies and some Gentle-
men,— we went to a place of a Mr. Rodgers called Loto, on
the River side, commanding a most beautiful and extensive
prospect. Nature could not be more bountiful, nor art
more beautifully displayed ; the ground is not naturally
rich, rather a thin gravelly soil. He has 600 acres, which
about 70 years ago his family took on a lease, no less than
9999 years, at an annual rent of £36 per annum. The
spot was then a barren heath, but at present is as elegant
an improved place as any in Europe. The House is about
60 feet Square, with two wings 30 feet each, built of hewn
stone; the architecture thereof is neat and simple and
appears so light, that it does honor to the Architect. The
House is on an eminence ; the Hill has a most enchanting
slope and the number of deer grazing round the same and
the woods diversifyed in a most elegant manner makes the
spot appear enchanting. Mr. Rodgers though unknown to
any of us, ordered his Horse out and with amazing polite-
ness drove us all round his grounds, which are elegant beyond
description and laid out to profit as well as pleasure. From
a Hill planted elegantly with timber a lawn opens and the
view terminates by a view on the beautifull little village of
Glanmire, in which a new Church has lately been built,
which does honor and Credit to the Gentry. This place of

Mr. R. is by the improvements he has made, worth

about £1200, an immense rise in so short a period, owing
merely to the attention of this Gentleman and his family.
His enclosures are all stone walls, which prevents hunts-

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. 35

men from committing depredations to his Tenants. This
place is about 3 miles from Cork. We extended our ride
about 9 miles, through one continued scene of variety and
elegance in improved and refined agriculture; in short I
must confess that I do not know a City in the world which
affords more variety and beautifull rides or scenes of inter-
esting pleasure for the eye of a traveller than Cork does
around it. However, when a person enters the City he
must be impressed with a very despicable idea thereof, as
all the out skirts of the Town are filled with Paltry dirty
Cabbins, the abode of indigence and poverty. The Ladies
in Cork are generally handsome, agreeable and affable in
their conversation ; the society is good, the public amuse-
ments are few, — the play House is only open about 3 months
in the year. During the winter season they have public
assemblies once a week, and occasionally a Concert. I was
at one the other evening given by a Mr. Wei ch ell, the music
was elegant. W. is one of the first performers of the age.
After the concert there was a ball ; the company was bril-
liant; the Ladies in general beautiful and their dresses ele-
gant, in full fashion, but none outre in it, which is much to
their honor and does credit to their taste. Apropos of the
Mansion House in Cork. I went to ;see it; I was only in
the public rooms. The drawing room, which serves for an
assembly, is 60 feet by 30 elegantly decorated, though by
no means tawdry. At one end is an elegant statue in Bronze
of King William ; the piers are handsome, and the work is
highly finished with the composite etablature ; the dining
room is the same size with the drawing room ; nothing
remarkable. On the Staircase in a Niche is an elegant
Marble Statue of the Late Lord Chathm as a Roman Sen-
ator ; it is well executed.

They dine late (at least to us in America), their enter-
tainments are by no means magnificent, but good and I am
happy to find that the bottle is by no means pushed about
to excess, as was formerly the case when there was no such
thing as dining with them without coming away drunk.

36 Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

I have now been in Cork 5 weeks, dined in Company and
large parties every day and have not seen a person be dis-
ordered. The evening societies are very agreeable; a man
may either play cards, (Whist, Quadrille and lanskinet
are their favorite games) or enter into conversation, for as
their Drums are generally large, some are always disengaged
at play. The women in general are well informed. There
was an Historical Tale written by a Young lady of this City,
a Miss Fuller, (I was in company with her at my friend Mr.
Jameson's); it really has a great share of merit; she made
me a present of a copy thereof, which I shall send you by
Capt. Gilpin. I doubt not you will be pleased with it, being
founded on an Historical fact. They play rather high in
Cork and the Ladies in general seem fond of sporting a
little. Their Drums break up about 12 o'clock, but at
Suppers, a person can seldom get away before one or two ;
sometimes cards are introduced after supper. Before I
leave Cork, My Dearest Anna, I must do justice to my
friends. First then let me pay due tribute to my worthy
friends Mr and Mrs Shea — Your kindness to me shall
ever be remembered with the greatest esteem, may it some
day lay in my power to repay in part the obligations
you and your amiable Lady have laid me under. My
Dearest Anna ! I was acquainted with this Gentleman some
years ago in Rotterdam ; I then had it in my power to serve
him. He introduced me to the best Eoman Catholick
families in Cork; his wife is an amiable little woman, a
sister to Mr. Th° Trant, who you must remember. To my
worthy friend E. Jameson Esq., let the voice of gratitude
speak, your friendship is unparalleled. I cannot say enough
on your subject; you will ever be remembered by me with
love. Mrs. Jameson is one of the most pleasing, open
hearted women I ever met with. I was at home in their
House, and though I lodged at Mr Shea's my time was
chiefly at Mr J'8 as he is a very leading man, and by his
introduction I became acquainted with all the nobility and
Gentry in those parts. You was often the subject of our

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. 37

conversation. M™ J. wished much to have you under her
roof; she said that had you been with me, she would make
you like Cork — and then she would keep us both near them.
I hope to make you acquainted by correspondence before I
return. They have a fine family of Children. I was at
the play several times and saw M™ Abiugton perform sev-
eral characters ; she pleased me much in that of Lady Teazle,
in the School for Scandal. M™ A. is a fine woman and
much admired ; she is old but still is the criterion of taste
with respect to dress, and am informed she is copied by the
Ladies of the bonton. She is the exact figure of Miss
Vining, and had I met her in America, I should have spoken
to her as Miss V., their voices are alike. I wrote you My
Dearest Anna! the 18 October, via New York, per the
Sally, Capn Chevers, under cover to Mr. Footman; once
the 25 October per the Brothers, Cap. Sinnott, for Phila-
delphia, under cover to John Willcocks Esq. which I hope
you have received.

The wind came round to North on Friday 3 Inst for a few
hours. Capn Gilpin, I do not know from what cause put
to sea and left me behind and took my baggage with him.
You can easily imagine the trouble this must occasion me ;
I had only four shirts two stocks and three pairs of stockings.
His conduct was very cruel on the occasion and I really
believe he must have been in liquor. A few hours after he
sailed the wind came against him from the East, even at
North the wind was contrary ; — the other vessels all re-
turned. I presume he has run into some out-port, where
he must still be laying. Being tired of staying, no appear-
ance of the winds changing, Mr Jameson procured me a
fellow traveller, a Capn MacCarthy, and we took leave of
Cork on Saturday morning at 8 o'clock (the 4 Nov.). We
travelled in a Post chaise through a fine Country, but very
hilly, we arrived about noon at Rathcormick, a Borough
of Lord Eivinsdale, a neat pretty Town. Lord R. has a
most beautiful seat there. We left Rathcormick after taking
a Relish, and proceeded on to Mitchell's Town, through a

38 Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

Country highly cultivated. This Town was built by the
present Lord Kingsborough, a son to the Earl of Kingston,
in England. His Lordship has £20,000 per annum ; lives
on his Estates, and his greatest satisfaction is in improving
them. The village is elegant, the major part forms one
large Square, the Houses built uniform, with a neat taste.
His Lordship's palace is elegant, situated on an eminence
that commands a view on one side over his Town, where
you see happiness and industry in Unison, and from the
other side it commands a most pleasing and extensive view
over a highly cultivated Country. As I got acquainted
with his Lordship in Cork, I would have paid him a visit,
but wanting to get forward I proceeded though evening on
to Cahair, where I got at nine o'clock at night. Thus in
the course of this day, only made 42 miles, which is about
50 of our miles. Cahair is a pretty inland Town, in which
is nothing remarkable except the ruins of an old Castle.
Lord Cahair being a Roman Catholic, resides in France ;
his palace is not much better than a common House. This
Town is in the County of Tipperary. We left Cahair 's
early in the morning and got to Cashell about 8 o'clock ; this
is a stage of 9 Irish miles. Cashell is a good clever place,
the See of an Arch-Bishop, whose palace is very handsome.
The ruins of an old Cathedral on a hill in the Town is very
well worth the attention of the curious. "We took fresh
Horses at this place and rode on to Johnstown, through a
bleak Country, nothing to recommend it but the goodness
of the roads. The fens and Bogs were immense, here and
there we came to a tolerable farm House. We passed
through one village, of Hurlingford, and saw many ruins of
old Castles. Johnstown is a small insignificant place, only
a few taverns here; we breakfasted about 12 o'clock and
took fresh Horses. This is in the County of Kilkenny. We
passed through a most delightful Country, highly improved
and well wooded ; many elegant seats of the Nobility and
Gentry, and saw immense flocks of Cattle grazing. Arrived
at Castle Durrow, where we took fresh Horses, and made no

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. 39

stay in this paltry place, there is a garrison. It being Sun-
day, it was like a Fair; the Taverns were crowded with
Country peasants, who after Church and Chapel spend a
few hours in mirth, the only time they have for such recrea-
tions, as during the week they have not more leasure than
the negroes in the West Indies. From Castle Durrow to
Ballerone is 8 miles, the country enchanting, one continued
line of Parks and elegant seats of the Nobility and Gentry.
At Ballerone which is a triffling Town, we took fresh post
and drove to an Inn about 9 miles off called Imo. The
House is elegant, built by a Nobleman whose name I have
forgot, merely for the convenience of those who come to
see him , and as he keeps a great deal of Company, he sends
their servants and Horses here. We got here after dark,
and dined. The next morning at 4 o'clock, sett off for
Kildare, passed the village of Monstereven, which is 30
miles from Dublin, and from whence a Canal is cut to facili-
tate the Country people carrying in their produce. The
Country from Imo to Kildare is one continued Bog, till
within about a mile (from Ballerone to Monstereven in
Queens County) we arrived at Kildare before day, being
only 10 miles. We left Kildare at 7 o'clock, Crossed Cur-
row or Race-ground, which is very extensive and esteemed
the best in Europe. Kildare, though the Capital of the
County of the same name, is a poor insignificant place ;
round the Currow are many elegant palaces and Country
seats. The Country from hence to Nass, is beautiful, en-
tirely a grain Country. We arrived at Nass, 10 miles from
Kildare, at about J past 8 o'clock, where we breakfasted and
sett off for Dublin about J past nine. This is the last stage
of 16 miles. The Country we rode through was elegant,
the prospect all the way was enchanting ; the road being on
the side of a Hill, we had a view of plain most beautifully
diversifyed with elegant seats, Castles and neat cottages. We
passed through one small dirty village called Ratcullen.
As we advanced near Dublin, the Country did not appear
so elegant nor so much improved as the environs of Cork.

40 Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

We got into Dublin about 2 o'clock, put up at the Castle
Hotel, in Essex street, much fatigued as you may imagine
after a ride 127 Irish miles. In this Hotel, we only Lodge,
a shilling per night for a room and attendance. Went to a
Chop House to dinner ; went to the play in the evening at
the Theatre Royal, in Smock alley ; they acted Love in a
Village. The House is small, though more gaudy ; I think
the Theatre at Cork superior. Being the first night, there
was very little Company. The next morning Tuesday the
12th as the pacquet could not sail the wind still East and
blowing a gale, I walked out to see the Town which is very
large and elegant, the circumference of it is seven and three
quarter miles. The streets are well paved, the Houses in
General uniform ; the new Exchange is an elegant building,
built of Bath Stone, in the form of a Rotunda ; the Archi-
tecture of the Corinthian order, in short it does honor to the
City. The New Custom house when finished, will be as
elegant a building as any in Europe ; it will cost about five
hundred thousand pounds; they are also building a new
Court House which will cost an immencity of money.
Trinity College is a beautiful pile of Buildings, there is at
present 1300 Collegians in it and it is spacious enough to
hold three times that number. The Library is elegant and
well furnished; the Anatomy hall, is but triffling. The
skeleton of one M'Gha, an Irish Giant, 8 feet 7 Inches high,
is the only thing I saw remarkable ; the wax work is curious
and may aftbrd amusement to Surgeon or Midwife, — they
told me it was curious and I believe it is ; the present Mar-
quis of Landsdown's father bought it in France and made a
present of it to the College.

There is a noble park behind the College, for the Students
to amuse themselves in. The Museum is paltry, a few fossils
etc ; I saw nothing curious except some of the dresses etc.
of the Inhabitants of Otahite and the Sandwich Islands,
given to the University by Capn Cook. On College Green
is an elegant statute of William the third, on Horseback,
but the artist forgot the Girth to the saddle and the stirrups.

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. 41

The House of Parliament is an Elegant building and does
infinite credit to the nation. The Chamber for the Com-
mons is elegant and neatly fitted up in the form of a Ro-
tunda; the Gallery for the visitors or spectators is beautiful ;
the Chamber for the Lords is not near so large but very
neat; it is of an oblong form and arched, on the one side
is a beautiful tapestry representing the battle of the Boyne,
on the other side, the siege of Londonderry. I seated my-
self on the throne, but I did not feel myself anything the
better for it. Stephen's Green is beautiful and very large,
a full mile and a half round it ; the Houses are neat and
handsome, the Nobility and Gentry live here ; in the center
of the Green Is an elegant Bronze statue of George the 2d
on Horseback. Beside the paved walk round the green,
there is an elegant gravel walk with a double row of trees,
which is daily resorted to by the Ladies of the City in fine
weather. The Castle, the residence of the Lord Lieutenant,
is an ancient building and does not convey the idea of much
grandeur. I wanted to go through it, but as his Grace was
in Town could not get admittance. Dame street, in Dub-
lin, filled with shopkeepers, is the most elegant Street I ever
was in; the Houses are all uniform and elegant. The
Barracks are an immense pile of buildings, equal to contain
nine thousand men; they are exceeding neat — and kept
very clean. The Phoenix Park, on the north side the River
Liffey, is beautiful and extensive ; the Palace of the Duke
of Leinster is elegant, in short my beloved Anna ! Dublin
surpasses by far my expectations and next to London and
Paris, I think it the finest City in Europe. Though I have
several friends here, I have been to see none of them, as
my stay here will be too short. I was invited to a Drum
at a Madam O'Reilley's on Friday, and to dine at her House
on Saturday. I had letters to her Daughters from Cork.
I am sorry I cannot go. I made my apologies. This even-
ing, Wednesday the 15th Nov., we are to sail for Liverpool.
I am really fatigued with walking about, and have left my
Lodging and gone down to where the pacquet parts from —

42 Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

Thursday morning, still in Dublin, the wind blows so
hard we cannot sail ; — will it never change from the East ?
It has blown from that quarter these seven weeks. We
went to the play last night, saw the Miser, the part of Love-
gold by Mr Wilson, one of the first actors from London.
Very little Company in the House ; the Grandees are in
Mourning for the King's Aunt Princess Amelia. As soon
as the Storm abates, we shall sail. The markets in Dublin
are well supplied and extremely reasonable. I forgot to
mention that, in the Exchange, there is an elegant Marble
statue of the present King, and a strong likeness ; there are
several Bridges across the River, Essex bridge is really a
beautiful one; the Queen's bridge is the next in point of
elegence, the other four have nothing but their strength and
age to recommend them.

Friday morn? — the wind still at East, do not you think it
very hard ? I am sure if you knew my situation you would
be uneasy. It rains hard, must keep in doors, therefore, have
nothing new to mention. I am sure Capn Gilpin cannot be
arrived at Liverpool — this Easterly wind will convey my
letters speedily to you. — I hope you may receive them safe,
you will thereby find I am not negligent, the Captain of the
Pacquet thinks we shall sail to morrow.

Saturday, 18 Nov. — The wind still against me, however as
the storm is abated, we shall positively sail to morrow. I
have remained within doors these two days ; — the House I
am in is the cleanest I ever saw ; the Landlady a second
Mrs. F. of Philadelphia, keeps every one in awe, — You
really might dine on the Kitchen floor. I mention this cir-
cumstance as the most extraordinary, as she is Irish, who
are not noted for being cleanly.

Sunday, 19 Nov. — The wind, God be praised, my beloved
Anna, is come fair; the weather is bad however, you
know I do not mind weather when I am on a Journey —
happy am I in getting out of Dublin ; you know expenses
do not suit me. At present we are called on to embark,
thus adieu to Dublin.

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. 43

Monday morning, %0 Nov. — The wind is come to the East-
ward, we cannot sail to day, however, we all remain on
board in readiness. We are about twelve passengers, two
Ladies — one married the other a fine gay volatile dame, I
hardly know what to make of her ; however, she is a fine
woman — she is a woman of the Ton and gives life and
spirits to our party ; two Gentlemen of the army ; in short
the company on board is exceeding agreeable. I hope
when we sail we may be soon wafted to old England.

Tuesday morn? the 21st. — We are unmooring already for
sailing; the wind middling, we are going out of the Bay.
I am sorry the weather is so bad. Dublin must appear ele-
gant from th% Bay. The passengers are all sick, I must
leave oft' scribbling.

(To be continued.)

44 The Lack of Civic Pride in Pennsylvania.

THE LACK OF CIVIC PRIDE IN PENNSYLVANIA.

BY JAMES M. SWANK.

Prominent Pennsylvanians have repeatedly and forcibly
called attention to the lack of civic pride in Pennsylvania,
and they have had good reason for their criticism. It has
been truthfully said that we neglect to claim for our mili-
tary heroes the honors that are their due. Even the camp
at Valley Forge, which marked the supreme crisis in the
Revolution, and the battle of Gettysburg, which determined
the fate of the Southern Confederacy, are events in the his-
tory of Pennsylvania to which its people might point with
greater pride than they do. The achievements of eminent
Pennsylvanians in war and in peace are not taught to the
children of the State in their school-books, or commemo-
rated to any considerable extent in monuments, or statues,
or bronze tablets, so that the present generation of Penn-
sylvanians and succeeding generations may be reminded
of the deeds of these great men and be inspired to noble
deeds themselves. The story of the founding of Penn-
sylvania by that great man, William Penn, is inadequately
told in our school histories.

The geography and the history of Pennsylvania are so
imperfectly taught in our schools and colleges that many
Pennsylvanians who are supposed to be liberally educated
do not know how many capitals the State has had, or where
and when the important battle of Bushy Run was fought.
It is not to be wondered at that a Philadelphia newspaper
editor not long ago said that York, Pennsylvania, is farther
away from Baltimore than Philadelphia. Yet York is one
of the oldest and one of the most noted cities in the State.
The Continental Congress sat at York for several months

The Lack of Civic Pride in Pennsylvania. 45

during the Revolution, and two of the signers of the Decla-
ration are buried there.1

The pioneer settlers of Pennsylvania endured great hard-
ships and privations, but their sacrifices and services are not
conspicuously recognized in our day. Only in a mild way
do we observe the Scriptural injunction : " Remember the
days of old; consider the years of many generations; ask
thy father and he will shew thee, thy elders and they will
tell thee." The Chinese who worship their ancestors are
more to be commended than those who forget the pioneers
who laid the foundations of a great State. In very few
counties in Pennsylvania are there historical societies for
the preservation of local history or museums for the pres-
ervation of historical relics.

We are all supposed to be patriotic, but patriotism and
civic pride are not convertible terms. To love one's coun-
try and to fight for it if necessary is one thing ; to be proud
of its pioneers, its past history, its great men, its industrial
achievements, its hospitals and other charities, its schools

1 George R. Prowell, of York, in a letter to the writer dated August 10,
190i, says : Philip Livingston, a delegate from New York to Congress when
it sat at York, died here in 1778. His remains were first buried in the rear
of Zion Reformed Church. It was in this church while Congress held
a special evening session that Robert Morris read a letter from Washington
urging Congress "to hang together." At this period there were some
delegates in Congress who were willing to accept overtures of peace from
the British Government through emissaries in Philadelphia. Washing-
ton stated in this communication that he would fight the British in the
mountains of Virginia, even though Congress adjourned sine die. In the
same church, in 1791, Washington, when President, on his return from
Mount Vernon to Philadelphia, attended religious services one Sunday.
He says in his diary that "there was 110 danger of the minister making
a proselyte of me, because of the eloquence of his sermon, not a word
of which I could understand, for it was delivered in the German lan-
guage." The remains of Philip Livingston were removed in 1856 to
Prospect Hill Cemetery in this city, and they now lie there marked by a
marble shaft erected by his descendants.

James Smith, who served in Congress from York in 1776, was also a
signer of the Declaration of Independence. He died at York in 1806 at
the age of 91 years. His remains lie buried in the First Presbyterian
church-yard in this city.

46 The Lack of Civic Pride in Pennsylvania.

and churches, and the intellectual and moral progress of its
people is an entirely different thing. Civic pride also im-
plies a watchful regard for the good name of the town or
city and the State in which we have our home.

New England is noted for its civic pride, and its people
are deserving of the highest praise for the veneration they
constantly show for the memories of their ancestors. In
its periodical publications, in public addresses, and in other
ways the history of the early settlements of Few England,
the part it has played in the development of the country, and
the work of its great men and women in the learned pro-
fessions and in the arts are never forgotten. New England
is thus being constantly advertised to the outside world and
commended to its own people for what it has done and for
what it is. The literary spirit has always been cultivated
in New England and it has been largely fed by the inspira-
tion of local themes.

The civic pride which is found in the Southern States
is even more notable than that of New England. Without
it there could not have been a four years' war 'for the dis-
memberment of the Union. The great sacrifices which the
people of the South made in support of the Lost Cause
could not have been possible but for their pride in them-
selves and in their ancestors. Almost as one man they
united in its support. " The first families of Virginia" was
not in its day an empty phrase. The people who used it
were typical of a large class. It illustrated the sentiment
of intense loyalty to the South and to Southern traditions.
The neighboring State of Ohio has shown far more civic
pride than Pennsylvania, although, if the history of the two
States be closely scanned, it has not one-half as much to
boast of as Pennsylvania. But see how its people have de-
veloped a State pride that never ceases to praise the men
who were born on its soil !

Abraham Lincoln's ancestors, on both his father's and
his mother'* side, were long residents of Pennsylvania, and
the name of one of his kinsmen, also named Abraham

The Lack of Civic Pride in Pennsylvania. 47

Lincoln, is honorably associated with its history. Gen-
eral Grant could trace his paternal and maternal lineage
through the blood of Pennsylvanians ; indeed this blood
was the dominant strain in his veins, his father's mother
having been a Miss Kelly, of Westmoreland county, Penn-
sylvania, and his own mother, Hannah Simpson, having
been born in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania. And yet
how few Pennsylvanians are familiar with the Pennsyl-
vania ancestry of Lincoln and Grant ! The Muhlenberg
family of Pennsylvania is one of the most distinguished
in our country's history, contributing more really great
men than any other family in any colony or State, but
these eminent? Pennsylvania Germans are almost forgotten.

In Pennsylvania we have had our Bayard Taylor and
our Thomas Buchanan Read, not to mention other writers
of eminence, but do Pennsylvanians have that regard for
the literary productions of these writers that the people of
New England have for the creations of their own great
writers ? And yet why should we not have ? We have
had our great judges — Wilson, and Tilghman, and Gibson,
and Sharswood, and others, but how many Pennsylvanians
remember that such men ever lived ! If they had lived
in New England the whole country would have heard
of them. Bunker Hill monument has no counterpart in
Pennsylvania, although great deeds were done on its soil
in colonial and Revolutionary days. There is a statue of
Dr. Benjamin Rush, the distinguished Philadelphian, in
Washington City, but none in Philadelphia. It was only
within the last few years that a statue of Franklin was
erected in Philadelphia, the gift of a private citizen.

Philadelphia has erected no monument, or statue, or
tablet to the memory of its great publicists whose watchful
care of its manufacturing and other industrial interests has
greatly contributed to its prosperity as well as to the pros-
perity of the whole country. The two Careys, William D.
Kelley, and Samuel J. Randall were especially worthy of
being gratefully remembered by a city which they so faith-

48 The Lack of Civic Pride in Pennsylvania.

fully served and so highly honored. In the same class we
may also place Stephen Colwell, whose great work on The
Ways and Means of Payment should alone cause Philadel-
phians to hold his memory in grateful remembrance. But
to-day he is forgotten. New England would have thought
itself honored if these men had lived within its borders.

There is a particularly noticeable lack of civic pride in
that part of Pennsylvania which lies west of the backbone
of the Allegheny mountains and is properly designated
as Western Pennsylvania. This section of the State, em-
bracing about one-third of its territorial extent, possesses
a history that is rich in great achievements and in great
men, although settled a full century after the eastern sec-
tion. Its inhabitants, especially the descendants of its early
settlers, have good reason to be proud of its prominent
place in the industrial world, proud of its conspicuous
share in opening to settlement the vast region lying west
of its own boundaries, proud of its patriotic record, proud
of its men of renown who have passed to the other side
and of others whose work is not yet done. But these citi-
zens of Western Pennsylvania are singularly backward in
claiming for their section the honors to which it is justly
entitled. Their annals are incomplete and disjointed ;
there is a lamentable lack in all Western Pennsylvania of
historical societies that are thoroughly wide awake and
doing good work ; there is not published to-day within its
borders a single historical magazine or other historical
periodical; it has few public libraries, and those that are
worthy of special mention have been established in very
recent years through the liberality of one man, and he is
not " native and to the manner born." Its schools of
learning and its charities have not been generously en-
dowed by its rich men, except in one notable instance, in
which the munificence of the public-spirited citizen already
referred to has established and endowed a scientific school
of wide scope that is not yet completed.

Pittsburgh, the second city in Pennsylvania, has no

The Lack of Civic Pride in Pennsylvania. 49

monument to the great Pitt, after whom it was named, or
to Washington, who visited its site in 1753, when he wrote
in his journal that the point at the junction of the Alle-
gheny and Monongahela rivers was "extremely well
suited for a fort," although there is a poorly designed mon-
ument to Washington in one of the parks of the neighbor-
ing city of Allegheny. Washington's early military expe-
rience was acquired in efforts to prevent the French from
seizing and holding the point between these rivers where
Pittsburgh now stands. There is no stone or monument
to mark the site of Fort Necessity, in Fayette county,
which Washington surrendered to the French in 1754, or
to mark the site of Braddock's defeat in 1755, or to mark
the General's grave on the line of his retreat.

The trouble with Pennsylvania in all its extent, from the
Delaware river to the Ohio border, is traceable to many
causes. In the first place, it has a population that was
originally composed of elements that were not homogene-
ous, like that of New England and the Southern States,
and that were not even as homogeneous as that of Ohio;
hence a certain absence from the beginning of what may
be termed local pride such as prevails among a more ho-
mogeneous people. This is illustrated to-day in the glo-
rification of the Scotch-Irish by Pennsylvanians of Scotch-
Irish ancestry and by the organization a few years ago of
a society composed exclusively of descendants of the early
German settlers of Pennsylvania. Notwithstanding many
intermarriages these two leading strains of blood in the
settlement of Pennsylvania have not yet been thoroughly
mingled, nor are they likely to be. Then we had the
Quaker settlers of English and Welsh blood, and we have
their descendants to-day, all of whom have kept themselves
apart from their Scotch-Irish and German neighbors to a
very large extent. Few of these, indeed, have lived in
any other part of Pennsylvania than Philadelphia and the
adjacent territory. In colonial days there were frequent
conflicts between the dominant Quaker element and the
VOL. xxix. — 4

50 The Lack of Civic Pride in Pennsylvania.

German and Scotch-Irish settlers in the interior. They
seldom agreed about anything. The large German and
Irish immigration of the last sixty years has introduced
other elements that have further emphasized the mixed
character of the people of Pennsylvania. The German
immigrants in this period have had few points of resem-
blance to the early German immigrants, while compara-
tively few of the Irish immigrants have been Scotch-Irish.
NOT should it be forgotten that in the northern and north-
western parts of the State and in Philadelphia there is a
large infusion of New England blood.

In the last thirty or thirty-five years the lack of homo-
geneity among the people of Pennsylvania has been con-
spicuously and most painfully emphasized in the invasion
of large sections of the State by hordes of Italians, Hun-
garians, Slavonians, Poles, Lithuanians, Russian Jews, and
other immigrants of distinctly lower types than the origi-
nal European settlers of Pennsylvania ; hence less and less
civic pride, for what do these people know about the past
of Pennsylvania or about its present achievements ? Most
of them do not even speak the English language. They
are not Pennsylvanians in any sense.

The negro population of Pennsylvania has largely in-
creased since the civil war. This State has a much larger
negro population than any other Northern State — 156,485
in the census year 1900. Philadelphia has a much larger
negro population than any Southern city except Washing-
ton, Baltimore, and New Orleans. This negro invasion has
introduced practically a new and largely an undesirable
element into the general population of the State. This
invasion has brought its own train of evils and given the
State nothing to be proud of.

If undesirable foreigners and undesirable negroes can
not be restrained by law from coming into Pennsylvania,
an enlightened public sentiment, which is of the essence
of civic pride, should appeal to all employers of labor for
protection against the greatest evil that now menaces the

The Lack of Civic Pride in Pennsylvania. 51

good name and the material and moral well-being of the
Commonwealth, the debasement of our population.

Another cause of the trouble with Pennsylvania is found
in the arduous pursuits of many of its people, who are now
and long have been so completely occupied in such ex-
hausting employments as the mining of coal, the making
of coke, the manufacture of iron and steel and glass, the
pumping of oil, the building and operating of railroads,
and the cutting down of forests that they have not been
encouraged, as a rule, to spare the necessary time for the
reading of the few books, or for attendance upon the few
lectures, which tell of the past and present achievements
of Pennsylvania, even its industrial achievements, a knowl-
edge of all of which is surely necessary to-day for the de-
velopment of civic pride such as Paul felt when he boasted
that he was a citizen of no mean city. It may be added
that the pursuits of a people have much to do with their
mental development, their tastes, and their ambition.

Western Pennsylvania has long suffered from the bane
of excessive materialism — absorbing devotion to the devel-
opment of its natural resources and its Scotch-Irish keen-
ness to embrace every attractive business opportunity.
The less strenuous and more intellectual side of life — the
side which appeals to the imagination, to the love of art,
and music, and elevating literature, and which places a
liberal education above mere money-making, has been in
large part neglected. Its people have even neglected to
adequately record the industrial achievements to which
they have been so devoted. Western Pennsylvania has
little literature that tells the world what its whole people
have done in leading departments of human effort and
that is worthy of being remembered.

Lastly, the physical conformation of Pennsylvania has
had very much to do with the lack of civic pride among
its people. The Allegheny mountains form a great natural
barrier between the eastern and the western parts of the
State. Over a century elapsed after the first white settle-
ments were made upon the Delaware before there were any

52 The Lack of Civic Pride in Pennsylvania.

settlements worthy of mention in the Allegheny and Mo-
nongahela valleys west of the mountains. Social and busi-
ness intercourse between these sections before the days of
railroads was infrequent, and nearly all intercourse between
them to-day is a matter of either business or politics.
Their interests are not antagonistic, but they are not nota-
bly identical. Speaking generally, the two sections were
not settled by the same races. There are comparatively
few Pennsylvania Germans in Western Pennsylvania, and
in the counties along the Delaware and the Schuylkill
rivers there are few Scotch-Irish. A common pride in the
great names or in the great achievements of either section
has certainly not been promoted by the barrier that has
been mentioned. It has been said that " lands intersected
by a narrow frith abhor each other," and mountain bar-
riers, even when scaled by railroads, undoubtedly exercise
an unneighborly if not an unfriendly influence. Inciden-
tally it may be mentioned that Pennsylvania is a State
of very great territorial extent. Very few of its citizens
have ever visited every one of its sixty-seven counties, or
even the half of them.

The lack of civic pride by Pennsylvanians is thus seen
to be due to several influences, each important and all con-
tributing to a condition which every loyal Pennsylvanian
must deplore. The time will doubtless come, although it
may be long delayed, when the citizens of this great Com-
monwealth, instead of boasting that they are descended
from Scotch-Irish ancestry, or German ancestry, or Quaker
ancestry, or New England ancestry, will be proud to say
that they are simply Pennsylvanians and the descendants
of Pennsylvanians, and will be proud to point to the mon-
uments that have been erected and to other evidences that
they and their fathers have remembered the days of old.
In the mean time, if there are political or other wrongs to
be righted in Pennsylvania, and they are permitted to
continue, the fault will lie with those who, whatever their
boasting, still lack the true civic pride that maketh a great
people, and, next to righteousness, exalteth a nation.

Revolutionary Correspondence of Dr. James Me Henry. 53

SOME REVOLUTIONARY CORRESPONDENCE OF
DR. JAMES McHENRY.

COMMUNICATED BY BERNARD C. STEINER.

[Among the papers of Dr. James McHenry are a few Revolutionary
ones of some interest to Pennsylvanians, especially some from Dr. Ben-
jamin Rush, who had taught McHenry medicine. John Beatty had
been a fellow-student in medicine with McHenry, was Commissary
General of Prisoners, and later became a prominent resident of New
Jersey. Dr. John Cochran, who was older than McHenry, was at
this time Surgeon General in the Middle Department. He had formerly
lived in Albany, and married General Schuyler's sister, Gertrude.

Robert Troupe was a young New York student of Law in 1776, when
he joined the Revolutionary army. He was taken prisoner at the battle
of Long Island, exchanged in the spring of 1777, served in the Burgoyne
campaign, and was Secretary of the Board of War in 1778 and 1779.
He then returned home and became a useful citizen of his State.

The anonymous Frenchman who signs himself LXXX I have not
identified.]

PRINCETOWN May 17th 1778
DEAR SIR

Give me leave once more to recommend to your patronage
and friendship Dr. James Finley. You know all the weak-
nesses as well as virtues of his heart. He is now a Surgeoi.
to Col. Bigelow's regiment of the Massachusetts Bay forces.
I have no doubt of his knowledge in his business, and he
will not want industry, and humanity, but I wish you would
add as much as possible to his reputation & weight with his
regiment by visiting his patients with him, and giving him
in every respect such directions as you think proper. You
cannot confer a greater Obligation upon me than by your
good offices to him. You know that I have always felt for
him the tenderness of a father, and he has deserved it by
behaving upon all occasions to me with the duty and affec-
tion of a child.

While I am forced by the violence & weight of Dr. Ship-

54 Revolutionary Correspondence of Dr. James McHenry.

pen's friends into retirement, it gives me pleasure to see One
whom I had any hand in educating filling an honourable &
useful post in the line of his profession in the Army. May
you continue to merit the esteem of your friends, and the
Approbation of your country. I hope no man will relax in
his Zeal & industry in serving his country by contemplating
my fate. I enjoy the reward of all my labors in the appro-
bation of my own conscience. Virtue is no shadow, — Tho'
Brutus pronounced it so. I have found it a substance,
and would not exchange the pleasures I have derived from
it, for a fortune made by the sale of hospital wines and
Cigars, nor for the first honors yt. are in the gift of our
Congress.

I congratulate you upon our alliance with France. It
is preferable for many reasons to an alliance with England.
Men should rise now in the estimation of their country in
proportion to the cordiality of their hatred to the British
nation. Individuals may forgive each other, because there
is a power in magistrates to prevent a repetition of injuries,
but States being amenable to no laws can do them selves
justice only by revenge & retaliating injuries.

Adieu my dear Sir, and be assured of the
friendship of yrs &c

B. RUSH.
DR. JAMES MCHENRY

SENIOR SURGEON OF THE
FLYING HOSPITAL

CAMP,

VALLEY FORGE.
By MAJR BEATTY

PBINCETOWN Oct. 15th. 1778—
DEAR SIR

I am to thank you for your attention in forwarding to
me the several letters inclosed in yours —

Previous to the arrival of your favour the public Prints
announced the truth of the engagement & the superiority ot
the Brest Fleet over the British — since that we are well in-

Revolutionary Correspondence of Dr. James Me Henry. 55

formed that the combet was so general, that 17 only of the
British, were fit for sea — but obliged to put into Portsmouth
to repair —

I am ready to join with you in appearances being against
the evacuating N". York this winter — By some late accts.
from thence; they certainly are making such preparations,
there, as suppose they mean to continue this season there —
However I expect in a few days to have this doubt put out
of question — On my return from N. York shall perhaps be
able to give you some more authentic intelligence —

I am happy to find the surprise and cutting of Coll. Bay-
lor's party, is not so complete as was first imagined — if it was
attended with such marks of Cruelty as was represented —
why do we not retaliate on Burgoyn's troops to double
their number. No other method will reach their sensibility.

We have no news in this Quarter the enemy after burning
& destroying all they could come at, at Egg Harbour — em-
barked, & stood out of the Inlet Our troops supposing they
meant to visit Great Egg Harbour, left their station &
marched for that place — the enemy meaning it only for a
Feint returned again to Little Egg Harbour — but have not
heard that they had landed or done any further mischief —
Pray write me the news of your place —

I am Dr. Sir

Yours see

JNO. BBATTY
COLL. MCHENRY —

FlSHKILLS

ELIZH. TOWN Oct. 26th 1778—
DEAR SIR

I was yesterday on Staten Island — find there all in up-
roar— some going off and others coming in their places —
the 5th. 40th & 55th. Regts. are all gone on Board — & in
their places are come the 22d. Regt.

It appears that the destination of the troops embarking,
are to different places. The ten British regiments, which
they say are augmented by draughts to 6000 men — is gen-

56 Revolutionary Correspondence of Dr. James Me Henry.

erally allowed to be sailing for some part of the West Indies —
conjectured by their own officers to reduce Gaudalope — The
new levies, probably are bound for Halifax — & in their
room are to return the new raised Scotch Corps lately come
there — others say — for Canada & some again for Pensacola —
to this last place I am told with certainty Genl. Vaughan is
going — but whether with the command of any troops can-
not exactly say — Gen. Grant is to have the command of the
ten British regiments bound for the West Indies.

There is little or no probability, from appearances, of their
abandoning BT. York — on the contrary, they have landed,
within these few days, a considerable quantity of Provisions,
arrived in the last Cork Fleet — Byron has sailed with con-
siderable force — but not known where — they have been
unusually busy, for this week past, in repairing & calking
their shipping — this circumstance, carries in it some little
probability of their going to leave us —

But must conclude — the Express with what a jumble I
have wrote — pray forward with all possible expedition the
inclosures to his Excelly — write me the news of your camp

I am Dr Sir

your most huml. Servt.

JNO. BEATTY.

HEAD QUARTERS MIDDLE BROOK

3d Jany 1779.
SlE

His Excellency Genr. Washington being at Philadelphia
your letter by Mr. Noble your aide de camp was put into
the hands of Doctor Me Henry one of his Secretaries to be
forwarded to his Excellency.

By Mr. Noble I have the honor of transmitting you two
letters from Genr. Washington. This Genr. had thoughts
of waiting his Excellency's return — least there should be
something in his letter which required a particular answer,
but upon further consideration he has determined to join
you.

Revolutionary Correspondence of Dr. James Me Henry. 57

You will find by the enclosed instructions to Captn. Bliss,
that he is fully empowered to call upon the quarter master —
forage masters and commissaries departments for such assist-
ance as may be necessary, in your journey to Charlotte Yille.
I hope there is nothing omitted which could in any meas-
ure contribute to your ease or convenience. — If so I have
certainly fallen short of his Excellency' intentions

I have expressed the convention route to Capn. Bliss,
from an opinion that the best accomodations may be found
on that road — but I do not mean that you should be re-
stricted by it, in case better conveniences are to be had on
any other leading to Charlotte Ville

I have the honor to be Sir

Your most obt. Serv.

STIRLING.1

MAJOR GENR. PHILLIPS

MANOR OF LIVINGSTON January 29th. 1779
DEAR MAC :

I arrived here last Saturday from Boston, where I was
stationed some time longer than I expected, partly through
inclination and partly through the solicitations of the Mar-
quis, who would not part with me until I saw him safe on
Board & after staying two nights with him in Nantasket
road, I took my leave and suppose he sailed on the llth
instant, the day I left Boston.

I much hoped by this time to have been at Head Quarters
with my family & to have spent the remainder of the winter
in the very agreeable manner, I began it, but on my arrival
at this place, I had the unhappiness to find Mrs. Cochran
extremely ill of a most considerable Rheumatism & Fever
which have confined her chiefly to her bed for these four
weeks, in exceeding great pain. As I have little expecta-
tions of her recovery shortly, (if at all) I must necessarily
be confined here & wait the event, of which I beg you will
acquaint the commander-in-chief ; whom God long preserve.

1 (Copy) Lord Stirling to Gen. Phillips.

58 Revolutionary Correspondence of Dr. James Me Henry.

I flatter myself, my absence will be attended with no
injury to the service. I suppose there are General Hos-
pitals established near your Quarters for the reception of the
regimental sick & Draper will attend to seeing them con-
veyed thither at proper times and seasons & that the regi-
mental sick are properly supplied with the usual stores, the
same as last winter.

I shall be happy in having a few lines from you. Please
to make my most respecful compliments to the General
and his good Lady Mrs. Washington with the Family & all
Friends and believe me most sincerely & affectionately
Dear Mac

Your very hble. servant

JOHN COCHRAN

Please direct to me to the care of Colo. (?) Hay D. Q.
M. G. Fishkill

PHILAD. June 2nd. 1779.
MY

DEAR SIR,

Dr Cutting tells me from you that I am in your debt,
and I believe him. Having nothing to communicate to you,
I thought it would be criminal to call off your attention
from your present line of business by reading a letter of
ceremony or even friendship. This is only excuse for neg-
lecting so long to answer your polite favor which I received
Above a year ago at Princeton.

The newspapers will give you all the reports of the day.
The address from the congress to the states, it is feared will
serve to increase the depreciation of our Money. They
whispered formerly a pompous secret about new Alliances —
a foreign loan — and a general peace. — The address holds out
very different ideas — After deluging us with money, they call
upon us to make the first shore without furnishing us with a
compass or a boat for that purpose. Even the appointment
of a Committee to negociate a foreign loan has affected the
credit of the money. We believed that business was finished
six months ago. We now know it cannot be acomplished in

Revolutionary Correspondence of Dr. James McHenry. 59

less than the same number of months from the present time,
and we are sure before that time can arrive without a
miracle the money cannot circulate among us. There
cannot be greater calamity to a people than to transact
business with an uncertain medium of trade. The Consti-
tutional money is the Offspring of all the Vice in our
Country. Its quantity & the instability of its Value would
corrupt a community of Angels. — Instead of being the sinews
of our War — it acts the part of warm water to the natural
sinews of our opposition. It relaxes & enfeebles every Social
— civil & military Virtue. The resources of necessity the
Spaniards say are without end. A general bankruptcy in
my opinion w<5uld be less evil, than an attempt to finish the
War with paper money upon its present footing.

A Committee framed by a town Meeting in this City have
undertaken to save the money by regulating the prices of
goods. But this will be only a partial & temporary remedy.
Besides it will ruin commerce & check agriculture. It re-
sembles a violent puke given to a man in the last stages of
consumption. It must agreeably to every principle of
finance hasten the dissolution of the money. Nothing [but]
the immediate application of a foreign loan can rescue it from
destruction.

These detached tho'ts are the speculation of a closet — for
I now converse with nobody but my patients — my books —
an amiable wife, and a hearty boy and girl. I have shook
hands (I hope) for ever with public life, In my beloved
retirement I have recovered the enjoyments of peace — inde-
pendance & happiness — None of which in the present dis-
tracted & corrupt State of this country are to be found in
power or office.

With sincere wishes for your health & happiness I am Dr
Sir your affectionate Old friend & Hble Servant

BENJN RUSH

DR. JAMBS McHENRY

To his Excellency GENL. WASHINGTON
DR. CUTTING

60 Revolutionary Correspondence of Dr. James Me Henry.

7th. 9ber. BOSTON. 79.
DR. DOCTOR

the sensible is not sail'd, but the 1st man of the world has
received his instructions & I hope will soon be ready. His
satellite is not determined ; . . . would it be impossible that
our's, but not his friend, came in his place I desire it more
than I expect it.

No news about us. it is reported that two british ships
are in the bay, & have lately taken two merchantmen I hope
however that my next letter will not be dated from Halifax.

I send you two yankeys papers, they say little but a
french one of the 25 august, which I have seen, says ; that
gibraltar is besieged since 22 august. I believe it is to be
depended upon.

I look in the moon to see if our fleet is not there, for I
do not hear any thing of it on this globe. God help the
count wherever he may be ; I fear much this sagitarius
month, it is a good auxiliary to the British

if my manuscript is arrived from Philadelphia; be so
kind as to send it here at Mr. Devalnais consul of france —

My best respects to all your family I wish I could find
some opportunity to pay them my debt of gratitude. But

what can I do ? Be happy and let me Reckon as a part

of my happiness to be your

servant & friend. LXXX. you know my heart

& my hand

DR DOCTOR —

Before I sail I will take again my leave of you, & your
friends at head quarters, which I am proud enough to call
mine.

Though I am going in my own country, where I have
many agreeable prospects I can not help regretting my
adoptive one. Interest, gratitude, inclination, every thing
that influences a sensible heart are united to render America
dear to me: & I would say with philoctetes (forgive so
grand a comparison) farewell dear land of Lemnos ; but not
add as him, farewell forever.

Revolutionary Correspondence of Dr. James Me Henry. 61

On the contrary I go with intention, of coming back
next May, & I hope you will not receive me as a new-
comer.—

I would not say the same to our continental senators —
with them the last is always the best. Their lavishness in
confering commissions is inexhaustable. They have lately
given a strong proof of their prodigality in Resolveds,
which they render as XXX as newspapers. One young
gentleman, who has been three months a volunteer in our
army goes home with me, with a Colo's. Commission, a
longer furlough than mine, & such Resolveds as would
scarcely be granted to the best officer of our army.

Do not think that my reflexions on that subject arise from
a restless mind, <fe jealous temper, & forgive my uneasiness,
about inadvertencys of our master which must hurt my
feelings & will ruin all my expectations at home. —

Notwithstanding the probability of my dissppointment in
France, for the above mentioned reasons, I have something
to comfort me, & which congres cannot grant. The esteem
of our great and good man, the benevolence of the army,
& your friendship. —

The more you are my friend, the more you will be dis-
pleased of those hurtful blunders, of our areopage, & so no
more of it. But what (I hope, will not be disagreeable to
you) is the assurance of my everlasting, (in this and in the
other world) esteem, friendship, & gratitude. If it was not
an injury to thank a friend, I would beg you to receive my
thanks & present them to your family.

Adieu, be happy, & remember your

servant & friend

f. Tnnr y.

My best compliments to Colo. Hamilton — you have not
heard any news of Destaing's fleet; we would suppose him
in the south sea.

On board the frigate. 14 9ber 1779.

N.B. I beg you would present my respects to his excel-
lency.

62 Revolutionary Correspondence of Dr. James Me Henry.

PHIL AD — Nov. 10. 6 o'clock

P.M.— 1779
MY DEAR SIR,

I have rec'd your friendly letter of the 30th. instant with
another informing me that the packet from General Phil-
lips has been transmitted to General Clinton — and one for
Col. Smith which I sent by the post —

I am really too melancholy to write you a long letter in
answer to the many I have been favoured with from you
within these three months past. Major Clarkson A D
Camp to Genl. Arnold & late volunteer A D Camp to Gen-
eral Lincoln has just arrived from the southward with the
disagreeable news of an unsuccessful assault upon the
enemy's works at Savanah by the allied army which lost
about 500 killed & wounded — Count D. 'Estaing was slightly
wounded and Count Pulaski killed — It is said D. Estaing
embarked his troops immediately after the action & sailed
for the West Indies — I cannot tell you whether Lincoln
kept his ground or retreated or what was his situation when
Clarkson left him —

The above is the general report of the town every sylla-
ble of which I believe to be true — I spent almost an hour
in looking for Major Clarkson this afternoon ; but was un-
able to find him — when I get a more particular account I
will communicate it to you —

Yesterday morning our Friend Mr. Laurens set off for
Charlestown on his way to Holland where he is going to
negotiate a loan for us — but to what amount & upon what
terms is a secret I know nothing of — I beg my best re-
spects to the gentlemen of your Family and all Friends in
Camp.

I am, in great haste,
Dear Sir,

Yours affectionately

DR Me HENRY KOB. TROUP —

AT
HEAD-QUARTERS

CAMP.

Revolutionary Correspondence of Dr. James Me Henry. 63

PHILADA. Jany. 19. 1780
MY DEAR FRIEND,

I am perfectly satisfied with his Excellency's decision
upon the case of Capt. Darby, and am much Obliged to you
for your Attention to my letter. — you oppress me with your
goodness — But your disposition and my connections with
the unfortunate Captain encourage & force me to lay myself
under new obligations to you. — I beg your care of the en-
closed letter to the General. It is from Captain Darby in
answer to a letter he had reed, from his Excellency. — If it
stands in need of a patron, I hope you will not fail of ac-
cepting of that office. —

We have nothing new in town. — The eyes of our city
are fixed upon the convention that is now assembling for
the purpose of regulating prices. — The real Statesmen
among us expect nothing from it — but the final dissolution
of our money. But Our political quarters (both within &
without doors) expect to see all the miracles of transubstan-
tion, & all the mysteries of alchemy performed in an in-
stant upon the currency. — They talk of the appreciation
of our paper into real Spanish dollars, as a matter to be
performed as easily as an Army is to be raised, or defeated
by a single resolution of Congress. — The folly & madness
of mankind used to distress me — But I have learned to
hear & to talk of errors in Government with composure. —
The pious Anthony preached a Sermon to fishes — The
echo of this discourse was intended for men. — It was
probably designed to show that addresses to mankind upon
the Subject of political happiness were as absurd, and im-
proper as a discourse upon faith — hope — & charity was to
the finny inhabitants of the Ocean. —

Dr. Shippen I hear is at last arrested. The public begin
now to expect that justice from the army which they have
in vain looked for from the Congress. — They expect soon
to see that solecism explained — how the Director General of
the hospitals of the United States is enabled with 6 dollars
a day to vie with the minister of France in the magnificent

64 Revolutionary Correspondence of Dr. James McHenry.

of his Equipage & feasts. — Dr. Morgan is so well fur-
nished with evidences to support all his charges, that I am
not sure that he will require my Attendance at his tryal. —
if he does — I shall be happy in spending as much time as
can be spared from the Court in your Company. — Some of
Dr. Shippen's sycophants talk loudly of the liberal senti-
ments of the Gentlemen of the army who will never con-
demn a man for trifles, such as loving a glass of good wine,
or a game of Whist, true ! — But there are two crimes
that never yet found pity or favor in our army — Viz
Cowardice in an Officer of the line, and/raw^ in an officer
of Dr. Shippen's guilt with respect to the last crime are as
clear as the noon day Sun. The consequence of it you
know had well nigh proved fatal at One time to our Army
& cause. But of this prepare yourself to hear tales that
will make " each particular hair to stand on end" in a few
weeks.

"With most respectful Compt. to the General, & to such of
his family as are of my Acquaintance I am Dr. Sir Yours

Affectionately

BENJR. RUSH.

Some London Broadsides and Issues on Pennsylvania. 65

SOME LONDON BKOADSIDES AND ISSUES ON
PENNSYLVANIA.

In the Library of Congress are to be found certain pieces
concerning Pennsylvania, of which I do not find mention in
the lists of the British Museum and Sabin's catalogue.
They appear to have been printed in London for submission
to the Privy Council or to Parliament, and certainly one
instance was the English edition of a paper prepared and
first printed in Pennsylvania. I give the titles of these
pieces, which have been classed as " broadsides," and there-
fore are in the Division of Manuscripts of the Library. I shall
be thankful for any information that may determine the ex-
act year of publication of those bearing questionable dates.

WORTHINGTON CHAUNCEY FORD.

The case of William Penn, Proprietary, and Governor |
in | Chief of the Province of Pennsilvania, and Territories,
against Lord | Baltimore's Pretensions to a Tract of Land
in America, Granted to the said | William Penn in the Year
1682, by his then Royal Highness James Duke | of York,
adjoyning to the said Province, commonly call'd the Terri-
tories thereof.

[London: 1701-2?]
Fo. 2 pp. 33 x 21 cm.

[London : 1720.]
Fo. 1 leaf, 30 x 19 cm.
A copy is in the British Museum.

The case of the Heir at Law and Executrix of | the
Late Proprietor of Pensilvania, &c. in relation to the |
VOL. xxix. — 5

66 .Some London Broadsides and Issues on Pennsylvania.

Removal of Sir William Keith, and the appointing Major |
Patrick Gordon to succeed him aa Deputy-Governor there.

[London: 1725?]
Fo. 4 pp. 42 x 26 cm.

A copy of Keith's reply (1726) is in The Historical
Society of Pennsylvania.

[London: 1736-7.]
Fo. 3 [1] pp. 49 x 35 cm.

On the back is printed : " To be Heard before the Right
Honourable the Lords of the Committee of Council for
Plantation Affairs, upon Thursday the 23d Day of February,
1737, at Six of the Clock in the Afternoon."

The paper was drawn by J. Strange. This copy bears
many manuscript notes by the opposing counsel.

Pensilvania. The Case of Messieurs Penn, and the Peo-
ple of Pensil- | vania, and the three lower Counties of New-
castle, Kent, | and Sussex, on Delaware, in relation to a
Series of In- | juries and Hostilities made upon them, for
several years | past, by Thomas Cressap, and others, by the
Direction | and Authority of the Deputy-Governor of
Maryland.

[London: 1737.]
Fo. 8 pp. 47 x 30 cm.

Some London Broadsides and Issues on Pennsylvania. 67

Pennsylvania. | Several Proceedings in the two late Sit-
tings of Assembly, | on the Affair of raising Money, Men,
&c. for the Expedition | now on foot against, the Spanish
West>Indies.

[London: 1741-2.]
Fo. 9 [1] pp. 44 x 28 cm.

Articles ot Agreement, &c.

[London: 1742?]
Fo. 7 [1] pp. 43 x 28 cm.

A printed endorsement reads : " True Copies of I. The
Agreement between Lord Baltimore and Messieurs Penn,
dated 10 May 1732. II. The Commissions given to the
Commissioners to mark out the Lines between Maryland,
and Pensilvania and the Three Lower Counties on Delaware.
HI. The Return or Report of the Commissioners on both
Sides, made 24 Nov. 1733. Shewing for what Reasons the
Lines were not mark'd out within the Time appointed for
that Purpose."

In Cane'. John Penn, Thomas Penn, and Richard Penn,
Esqrs. Plaintiffs. Charles Calvert Esq ; Lord Baltimore in
the Kingdom of Ireland. Defendant. The Plaintiffs Case.

[London: 1743?]

Fo. 13 [2] leaves, printed on one side of the sheet
42 x 34 cm.

The British Museum has two issues on this case :
In Cane. J. Penn, T. Penn and R. Penn Esqr8., Plaintiffs.
C. Calvert, Esq. ; Lord Baltimore, . . . Defendant.
[On the boundaries, &c. of Pennsylvania and Maryland,
with " A Map of Parts of ... Pennsylvania and
Maryland with the counties of Newcastle, Kent and
Sussex on Delaware."

Fo. Philadelphia: 1740.

This may be the American edition of the title just quoted.
The English issue describes a map, but there is no map with

68 Some London Broadsides and Issues on Pennsylvania.

this copy. On the back is an endorsement in MS. " Penn
ag84 Lord Baltimore. A Collection of many Matters under
particular Heads, which relate to some of the great Points
in the Cause. For the Pltf. For a first Consultation at Mr.
Attorney Generals House, Thursday 4th August 1743, at 7
in the Evening precisely. Mr. Wilbraham. Paris & Weston."

The British Museum also has :

In Chancery. Breviato. J. Penn, T. Penn and R. Penn
Esqrs, Plaintiffs. C. Calvert Esq. Lord Baltimore in ...
Ireland, Defendant. For the Plaintiffs. Upon a Bill to
compell a specifick Execution of Articles of Agreement en-
tered into between the Partys for setling the Boundarys of
the Province of Pensilvania, the Three Lower Countys, and
the Province of Maryland, etc. Fo.

[London : 1742.]

The | Case of the Inhabitants in Pensilvania.

[London: 1748.]
Fo. 1 leaf. 43 x 27 cm.

On a bill for regulating paper bills of credit in the British
Colonies in America.

Extracted from the printed Votes of the last Assembly
which | was held in Pensilvania, just before the Present
Lieutenant | Governor's Arrival there, viz.

[London: 1755.]
Fo. 7 [1] pp. 44 x 28 cm.

Copies of the Lieutenant Governor of Pensilvania his
Speeches to the | Assembly, their Addresses in Answer
thereto, and several Messages | and Answers between them.

[London: 1755.]
Fo. 18 [4] pp. 44 x 28 cm.

Same London Broadsides and Issues on Pennsylvania. 69

Copies of several Publick Papers, which have passed in
the | Province of Pensilvania in the Month of November,
1755.

[London: 1756.]
Fo. 7 [1] pp. 44 x 28 cm.

On the Indian incursions, attitude of the Quakers and
grant of money.

An Act for Granting the Sum of Sixty thousand Pounds
to | the King's Use ; and for Striking Fifty-five thousand
Pounds | thereof in Bills of Credit ; and to provide a Fund
for Sinking | the same.

[London: 1756.]
Fo. 3 [1] pp. 44 x 28 cm.

70 Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary.

SOME LBTTEES FEOM WILLIAM HAMILTON, OF THE
WOODLANDS, TO HIS PEIYATE SECEETAEY.

BY BENJAMIN H. SMITH.

When Mr. Hamilton visited England, soon after the es-
tablishment of peaceful relations with that country, he was
so impressed with the pleasing effects resulting from the
tasteful arrangements of shrubbery, shade- and fruit-trees, or,
in other words, with the natural style of landscape-gardening
then coming into fashion, that he wrote, " I shall, if God
grants me a safe return to my own country, endeavour to
make it smile in the same useful and beautiful manner."
Having, therefore, the inclination as well as the means, and
being well versed in botany and horticulture, he set to work,
on his return, to beautify the grounds of his home at The
Woodlands, and allowed no opportunity to pass of adding
to his collections of native and exotic plants. Captains of
sea-going vessels, friends about to go abroad, and corre-
spondents in all parts of the world were appealed to for
plants, seeds, and cuttings, so that in course of time The
Woodlands became famous, not only for the extent and
variety of its plants, but also as the best specimen of land-
scape-gardening in this country.

These results were alone attained by the intelligent care
and personal supervision of Mr. Hamilton, and naturally,
whenever he was called from home by business or pleasure,
he was much concerned about the welfare of his valuable
collections. This anxiety is very apparent in numerous
letters to his secretary, from which the following have been
selected, not only as touching upon interesting events of the
period, but especially as serving incidentally to record the
names of numerous exotics introduced for the first time
to this country, of which only the Lombardy poplar and the

Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary. 71

curious Ginkgo, from China, have heretofore been credited
to Mr. Hamilton.

Only one specimen ol the Ginkgo, now the oldest tree of
that species in America, still remains in the vicinity of the
old mansion ; near by are four large trees of Zelkova crenata,
from the Caucasus, now in their old age, and these, with a
few ancient English hawthorns, alone remain to attest the
ancient glory of the gardens and grounds at The "Wood-
lands.

MEMORANDUMS.

Mrs Bartram's receipt in full should be enclosed to me
by the first opportunity together with all the seeds you can
send packed up dry. When they are packed up, Doctor
Parke 1 will undertake the sending of them. . . .

Mrs Bonds two Books i.e. Millers Diet7 & Willoughby
on birds should be returned also halfpenny's architecture
should be given to Mr Penn 2 as a book belonging to Dr
Smith. Cummings Books should also be returned. You
should endeavour to get all the newspapers since January
last. Send them by the first opportunity as well as all others
that come out & every pamphlet of a publick nature & every
occurrence in the legislature.

When you go to Dr Logan's place3 . . . you should
ask him for all the seeds he can spare of the pavia. Sow a
dozen or two of them in a warm place & send the rest to
me. I desired Bartram 4 to make me up some seeds & gave
him a list ; they should be asked of him and forwarded.

The shed or store Room at the n. west door of the Wood-
lands should be covered with another coat of Boards. If
Wm Griffith has hitherto neglected it, his memory should be
jogged.

1 Dr. Thomas Parke, then residing at No. 20 South Fourth Street.

1 John Penn, son of Richard Penn, whose wife was Ann Allen, a
niece of Mr. Hamilton. His country-seat was Lansdowne, within the
present limits of Fairmount Park. The site of the mansion is supposed
to be now occupied by Horticultural Hall.

8 Dr. George Logan, of Stenton.

4 William Bartram, the botanist.

72 Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary.

My edition of the Abbe Kaynal is at Mr Lambert Cad-
waladers at Trenton. Mr Lukens should be reminded of
his promise to give me the draft of the canal formerly
proposed between the Schuylkill & Delaware.

Seeds to save & send : mimosa floridana, Carolina sponge
tree.1

MR SMITH

Above is a list of memorandums that have occur'd to me
since I left you. I beg you will be so kind as to attend to
them. The vessel is just now putting out to sea which is
open to us on every side except the spot on which the Light
House stands so that I cannot say more than God bless you
& believe me

Your most sincere friend &c

"W. HAMILTON

The Portland October 8th 1784

ST JAMES ST. LONDON Septr 30th 1785
DEAR SIR

I am much obliged by yours of the 17th of June as it affords
me the gratification of hearing that my honour'd mother &
Grandmother were then in perfect Health. I was before in
a disagreeable state of anxiety respecting them, not having re-
ceived any other account from the 25th of May to this Day.
Nor altho I have had several letters from Mrs A. Hamilton &
Dr Parke, from some (to me unaccountable) circumstance or
other, no mention is made by either, of the family at the
Woodlands ; so that I have been obliged to content myself
with the bare supposition that "no news is good news."

For a great while I have wanted to write to you, but from
the number of letters I have always had to prepare when
any opportunity has offer'd & a multiplicity of other engage-
ments I have been constantly disappointed in my Intentions.
What you have mentioned respecting the plants I sent from
hence, gives me satisfaction. I am in hopes they continue
to thrive. In consequence of your promise I expected

1 Acacia farnesiana.

Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary. 73

before this to have been furnish'd with a more particular
account of their succeeding state, which would have enabled
me to supply whatever vacancies may have happen'd by
death or otherwise. I flatter myself such a statement of
them is on its way hither & will shortly reach my Hands.
I shall else be at a loss to know what to do in the matter,
the winter being the best season for transporting plants. I
was so very particular in directing you & Mr Thomson
as to the manner of treating those already sent, & you
seemed so well to understand me that I can hardly suppose
they have been in any degree neglected. I take it for
granted they have not wanted shade during the summer nor
will go without shelter (where necessary) in the coming
winter, on which their safety will ultimately depend. When
it is recollected how vast has been the expence & trouble
of procuring them, I dare to say no method will be un-
essay'd that may be proper for their security.

Having observed with attention the nature, variety &
extent of the plantations of shrubs, trees, & fruits & con-
sequently admired them, I shall (if God grants me a safe
return to my own country,) endeavour to make it smile in
the same useful & beautiful manner. To take time by the
forelock, every preparation should immediately be made by
Mr. Thomson who is on the spot, & I have no doubt you
will assist him to the utmost of your power. The first thing
to be set about is a good nursery for trees, shrubs, flowers,
fruits &c of every kind. I do desire therefore that seeds in
large quantities may be directly sown of the white flowering
Locust, the sweet or aromatic Birch, the Chesnut Oak, Horse
chesnuts, Chincapins, Judas trees, Dogwoods, Hallesia, Kalmias,
Rhododendron, Magnolias, winter berries, arrow wood, Broom,
annonas, shrub Sl Johns wort &c, of crabs, quinces, plums & a
quantity thin sheWd almonds, & such others as may occur to you
for Beauty or use. I desire also that a large quantity may
be collected & put into a nursery of handsome small plants
of Elm, Lime, Locust, sweet Birch, white pine, ash leaved maple,
sugar maple, aspen poplar, Zantoxylon or tooth ache tree, magnolia,

74 Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary.

arrow wood, nine Bark, cephalanthus or dwarf Buttonwood,
Azalea, Kalmia, Rhododendron, Hallesia, Judas tree, Dogwood,
Broom, winterberry, clethra, mezerion, morelloes, black Hearts,
crabs, quinces (for stocks), raspberries, currants white & red,
& as many as possible of Jasmine & Honeysuckles (Jasmines
may be had in plenty at Mr Ross's place & at Woodford &
Honeysuckles may be had in great quantities at Mrs Law-
rence's near Frankford & of Dr Joseph Redman). Too
many of these cannot be propagated. I would likewise have
cuttings put into the ground of ye striped althea, Lombardy
poplar (if alive) all the kinds of grapes that have throve of those
I sent, chicasaw plum, winter Haws, Jasmines, Honeysuckles, of
that kind of Dogwood that grows in the Border on the south
side of the kitchen garden on the other side of the valley
(which was propagated by cuttings from the only tree which
I ever came across, & grows on the point just within the
creeks mouth at high water mark & may be easily discov-
ered when in Bloom by its corymbous flowers), of paradise
apples? red & white currants (particularly the latter) the com-
mon raspberry & the twice bearing if it succeeded. Nor should
a plantation be neglected of the different hardy perennial
plants such as the Yucca, comflag (Gladiolus) lilie, white nar-
cissus (double & single) pinks, double sweet William, Lychnidea,2
french Honeysuckle, Foxglove, Lily of the Valley (from Bush
Hill 3), Paeonies, Columbines, Hollyhocks, polyanthos, Jonquils
(from Bush Hill), Hyacynths &c. I before expressed a desire to
have the Double oleander & double myrtle encreased as much as

1 The tomato, or love-apple, was then cultivated in Spain and Italy
for use as a salad and also as a sauce for soups and meats. Mr.
Hamilton mentions it in connection with his kitchen garden plants, and
doubtless understood its culinary merits, although it did not come into
general use as a vegetable for more than forty years later.

2 Manulea tomentosa, from South Africa.

3 The Bush Hill property was purchased from the Penns by Andrew
Hamilton, who devised it to his son James. The mansion, erected
about 1740, has long since disappeared. Its site was near the north
side of the present Buttonwood Street, between Seventeenth and Eigh-
teenth Streets.

Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary. 75

possible by cuttings & I would have you in the spring when
the azakas are in flower take particular pains in marking the
different kinds & the orchis roots (in the valley) in such
manner as that they can be transplanted according to growth
& color. If the season is past for marking the double con-
volvulus don't let the ground be disturbed untill they can be
taken care of. The Grape cuttings I sent out last spring
are of the most valuable kinds. I saw this season produced
on the vines from whence some of them were taken Bunches
of half a yard long, weighing between six & seven pounds.
Too much pains cannot be taken to preserve & encrease
from them as well as the vines that accompanied them.

I have been* frequently pleased in this country with the
effect of Ivy in certain situations especially when growing
over Buildings & Arches. Suppose you were to plant
half a dozen young ones on the east side of the new Bridge
over the mill creek ? I dare say no objection would be
made by the owner of the ground, for it could do no injury.
I recollect giving Mr Thomson some curious pine seeds that
I brought from Lancaster. Ask & let me know what be-
came of them. There was a good deal of asparagus from
seed coming forward, when I left Home which I trust has
before this been put in train for producing crops. I am
moreover anxious to know how the perennials of ev'ry kind
& annuals have come on. Such of the perennials as have
taken, should be transplanted at proper distances and the
remainder of the annuals sown early in the spring as well
as that of the perennials. Pray were the annuals very fine ?
What says Madam McCall to them ? By the way,/aiY not
to make my affectionate compt8 to her, altho I bear her a
grudge for leaving the Woodlands, I have a very sincere
regard for her.

I have great satisfaction in your information respecting
the Illinois nut plant* & winter Haw. I am afraid to sup-

1 The pecan. In a letter to Humphrey Marshall, May 3, 1799, Mr.
Hamilton mentions this tree as "the only one I had which I raised 25
years ago from the seed."

76 Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary.

pose the Bald cypress has stood it out, for it appear'd a year
ago at its last gasp. The Aphernously pines1 should be par-
ticularly attended to. For another plant cannot be obtained
in England. Those I sent came from the Alps. Altho
hardy in respect to cold they may be injured by vermin,
poultry &c &c.

The plants you mention to have been sent by Mr Hill are
curious & should not be neglected. Those you describe
(as like the Solomons seal) are I imagine of the genus Rus-
cus. I desired him to procure me some of them from
Madeira.

I have frequently requested to have some ground squirrel 2
skins forwarded to me, but hitherto in vain. I should think
there would be no difficulty (by an early application) of
getting them at the furriers shops at the rate of 4d or 6d
each, ready dressed, at which rate you may send any num-
ber you can get good. I hear nothing lately from any Body
respecting the Bridge on chains & therefore suppose the
matter dropped. When you write again inform me of the
Dimensions of the sideboard I bought of Mr Penn; not
only the size of the Board, but of the frame as to the width,
length, & heighth. I wish to know what can stand under it.
. . . Should the Cherry Brandy to which you lately added
spirit be so much improved as to be really fine, I desire 5 or
6 dozen may be put up & sent immediately to me. But this
direction is only on condition of its being prime stuff. I
have tasted some here that cost J a guinea pr Bottle that
was very indifferent when compared with that made at the
Woodlands. You promised me a list of my Books 3 & I
am sorry it has been not performed. Its no more than
right to prevent my purchasing some duplicates of Books
already mine. It should be recollected that Mr Lamb*

1 Pinus cembra or Swiss stone-pine.

2 Tamias striatus, the chipmunk or hackee.

8 A list of sixty-one botanical works, some of them comprising several
volumes, and dated from 1530 to 1770, accompanies these letters, and
is probably the one here referred to.

Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary. 77

Cadwalader has my Abbe Raynal & it would not be amiss
to require it as possibly it may not be in being.

You have doubtless in the course of the summer collected
many sorts of seeds, which you mean to send for the pur-
pose of my exchanging them for others here. I enclose a
list of such as are more particularly valuable & therefore
the more of them that are sent the better. I have also
named some plants that I shall be glad to obtain as being
rare here. The violets I wish to have a large quantity of
& if any of the particolored sort which I took from the field
& planted in pots are yet in being, I must request that they
be put up most carefully & sent to me. As I intend ship-
ping another very large collection of plants shortly no time
should be lost in preparing ground. If done this Fall the
more like to be ready.

I have written to Doctor Parke that if Young's plants
are not already disposed of to endeavour to have them pre-
served entire untill my return & if the wife has possession,
she will be easily induced to let it be so. As this may not
be the case you will try to secure the double flower'd orange,
the cassine plant l some of the dionea musdpula 2 & all those
which he lately sent from Carolina. He had a piece of
ground in a kind of nursery of magnolias, andromedas &c &c
which would be of material use to me, & I should be well
pleased if any method to secure them could be taken but
whatever you do let it not be without advising with the
Doctor.

George Hilton is highly sensible of your obliging remem-
brance & desires me with gratitude to thank you & request
your acceptance of his best wishes for your Health & Happi-
ness. I am happy to say he has conducted himself exceed-
ingly well & talks with pleasure of returning with me. The
term of his freedom expired some time ago. That however
has made little or no difference in his Behaviour as he is

vomitoria (I. Cassine Walt) or Yaupon, an evergreen shrub
from the Southern States.
'Venus' s Flytrap, of the Carolinas.

78 Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary.

now on wages with me. I must own I am not a little
astonished that the change of situation has not effected in
him an injurious change of manners. He never looked
so well in his life & being very well set, he is remarked (from
his colour) & known I may say in almost every part of
London. . . .

The great inconvenience to George is his having so little
to do, of work, that I fear he will never do so well in a
family again.

When I sat down to write I did not expect to get further
than thro one & I have nearly finished three sheets. So
many things, have occur 'd more than I had any Idea of that
I am amazed when I look at what I have written, which I
hope however is sufficiently plain in its rough state for you
to comprehend as I cannot think of copying it. I have
scarce left more room than to conclude with desiring you to
accept my sincerest regards & that you will believe me truely
Your affectionate friend & humble serv*

"W HAMILTON

I wrote to my mother, to Mrs Hamilton & to Doctor
Parke last week & if I posibly can will do so again tomorrow,
but think it will be scarcely in my power. As I have
nothing material to inform them of, in case I should not
write this will serve to inform them of mine & the chil-
drens Health to this Date. Farewell.

(To be continued.)

David Edwin, Engraver. 79

DAVID EDWIN, ENGKAVER.

BY MANTLE FIELDING.

Collectors of Americana frequently bewail the meagre
field that they have to work from. This is particularly felt
by the collector of the work of our American engravers ;
good impressions of their plates are fast becoming scarce,
and frequently nothing, in a biographical sense, of their times
and work has «been preserved for this day ; it is also the
exception to find any complete and satisfactory list or cata-
logue of their engravings.

In the case of David Edwin, nothing complete is to be
had, and in compiling this biographical sketch I thoroughly
appreciate its incompleteness. In THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGA-
ZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY of April, 1894, appears
" A Contribution to a Catalogue of the Engraved "Works of
David Edwin," by Charles K. Hildeburn. Following this, I
published in the October number of the magazine of 1904
descriptions of a number of portraits not mentioned in Mr.
Hildeburn's catalogue, with a list of the subject prints in my
collection. A biographical notice of Edwin appears in the
" Lives of Eminent Philadelphians now Deceased," pub-
lished by Henry Simpson in Philadelphia, 1859.

The engravings of David Edwin are to-day much prized
and sought after. In regard to position, in the collectors'
estimation, the portraits and historical engravings stand
first, the subject prints being of only secondary importance.
It will be a surprising assertion to many, nevertheless it is a
literal fact, that Edwin prints have not any monetary fixed
value. Print>sellers are by no means agreed as to a uniform
price. Then, again, the condition of the print and the
brilliancy of the impression have much to do with the
amount it will bring, and cleaning and bleaching are not to

80 David Edwin, Engraver.

be recommended except where the print is in really bad
condition. The collector has also to guard against restrikes
(often stained to represent age) which are frequently met
with.

Unfortunately, I know of no existing portrait or sketch
of this eminent engraver, often called the American Barto-
lozzi in method, though vastly superior in manner, for I
have yet to see anything by the Italian-Englishman equal to
Edwin's best heads after Gilbert Stuart's portraits.

The art of stipple engraving, with its distinctness and
methods, cannot but be of interest to the collector, either
of the early crude work of the stipple engravers or of the
more beautiful and highly finished plates produced later by
the foremost engravers in this school. Engravings in pure
stipple are often spoken of, but strictly speaking have no
existence, a few lines being almost invariably introduced to
" sharpen up" the darker portions, as in the shadows of
the hair, the pupil of the eye, etc. ; but lines, when so used,
are always made comparatively subservient, and cannot be
detected without close examination.

The subject of this sketch was considered the first good
engraver of portraits that appeared in America. He was
born in Bath, England, in December, 1776. His father,
John Edwin, the celebrated comedian, was the firm friend
and supporter of O'Keefe. John Edwin's career seems to
have been from 1765 to 1790, beginning at Dublin and end-
ing at Covent Garden. He was said to have been execrable
when he began, in " Sir Philip Modelove," but two years
of practice in Dublin and nine in Bath fashioned him into
a perfect actor for the metropolis. His life as an actor was
a series of trials and struggles, but he was probably a better
actor than father. His son David inherited some of his
talent and mimic powers. At an early age young David
Edwin showed marked artistic ability, and was articled by his
not over-affectionate parent to Jossi, a Dutch engraver, then
in England studying the art of stipple engraving as then
practised in that country, this branch of the art not being

David Edwin, Engraver. 81

pursued in Holland. Edwin speaks of him " as the most
correct draughtsman of the human form he ever saw."

When David Edwin was twenty years of age, in the year
1796, Jossi returned to Holland and took his apprentice
with him.

Their place of destination was Amsterdam, but the trav-
ellers entered Holland by the way of Embden. The Hol-
landers were at that time enamoured with the new system of
French democracy, and John Bull was out of favor. Edwin
found that his English face and English dress were insuper-
able obstacles to all familiarity or friendly intercourse with
the Dutch. He observed that most of his fellow-passengers
in the boat had1 taken off their hats and wigs, substituting
in the place of both the Dutch striped-cap; he therefore
doffed his hat and mounted in its place a red woollen cap
which he had purchased before leaving London as a " com-
pagnon du voyage" and a warm friend for the night. Un-
expectedly it proved a most useful friend by day, for tio
sooner had he appeared in his new costume than he heard
from different parts of the boat the exclamation of " Bonnet
rouge! Bonnet rouge!" and he was hailed as a true ''sans
culotte," with the utmost cordiality, by those who had before
assiduously shunned him.

The young Englishman did not agree as well with his
instructor after arriving at Amsterdam as he had done in
his native land, and before the term of his apprenticeship
had fully arrived, they separated. Edwin, at one-and-twenty
years of age, found himself in a foreign country without
friends or money, and looked anxiously towards the land
of his birth. There was, however, no direct communication
with England, and he determined to make his way from
Amsterdam to some port from whence he might find a
passage to any part of Great Britain, not despairing of
finding some mode by which to reach London. But he
was doomed never to see his native country again.

A ship bound to Philadelphia was in the harbor, and the
young engraver entered himself under the American flagf
VOL. xxix. — 6

82 David Edwin, Engraver.

to work his passage, as a sailor before the mast, to the coun-
try which was destined to be his future home, — a country
where at that time (1797) the art he was master of was in
its infancy. He accordingly embarked from Amsterdam,
and assisted, as well as hands used to points and gravers
and not to ropes could do, in navigating the ship to Havre,
and finally across the Atlantic and up the Delaware to the
place of his destination.

It was in the month of December, 1797, that David
Edwin landed in Philadelphia, after being near five months
on board ship as a foremast man, and he made his entre
upon this new scene in a new world, in his tarry rounda-
bout and equally tarry trousers, trudging after the captain
through the streets of Penn's city, with the ship's letter-bag
on his shoulder, on the way to the post-office. He was at this
time just twenty-one years of age.

The duties appertaining to the voyage having been dis-
charged, the engraver prepared to cast his sea-skin and ap-
pear in his proper character. His sailor's dress he sold to
one ol his messmates, and with the aid of Delaware Eiver
water and Philadelphia soap, with a decent suit of London
landsmen's clothes from his trunk or chest, he bade adieu
to the ship to seek his fortune on the shores of a new
world. He had heard that his countryman, Mr. T. B. Free-
man, resided in Philadelphia and carried on his business as
a publisher. Young Edwin waited upon him, stated his
profession and circumstances, and solicited employment.
He was well received, his name being known to all Eng-
lishmen from his father's celebrity. In fact, he was just
such a person as was wanted in America, and especially in
Philadelphia, where the book-publishing business was in
greater forwardness than in the more commercial metropolis
of New York. Mr. Freeman proved a " friend in need" to
Edwin both at the beginning and the end of his career.
Mr. Benjamin Carr, a friend of Mr. Freeman, was then just
about to publish a collection of Scotch airs, and Edwin was
employed to engrave a title-page. It was entitled " Infancy

David Edwin, Engraver. 83

of the Scottish Muse," after a painting by Cosway, and is a
most beautiful little oval stipple engraving. This was his
first engraving in America. At the time of commencing
it he was destitute of the necessary tools and could procure
none in Philadelphia, and was compelled to fashion an etch-
ing-point and graver from an old tool which he had found
in his chest.

An engraver, at the time of Mr. Edwin's arrival in Phil-
adelphia, had much to struggle with. He says in a letter,
"copperplates were finished rough from the hammer;" no
tools to be purchased, he (the engraver) had to depend upon
his own ingenuity to fabricate them for himself or in directing
others qualified 'for the work; but worse than all was the
slovenly style in which printing was executed. " Often
have I, in extreme cold weather, waited hours for a proof,
till the paper, oil, and even the roller could be thawed.
The workshop of the principal printer in Philadelphia was
little better than a shell, and open to the winds. I once
insisted that the printer should have the plank of his press
planed and levelled, as it was impossible in the state it was
now in to take off a tolerable impression, and the plate I
wished printed cost me much trouble in the execution ; the
printer resisted all my arguments for a long time, being
himself perfectly satisfied with the state of his press; at
length, and only in the consideration of my paying the
expense, it was that he gave his consent."

In 1798 Mr. Freeman published a beautiful set of the-
atrical portraits; these engravings are exceedingly well
executed in stipple. In this set I have seen the portraits of
Mr. John Kemble, Mrs. Merry, Mr. J. E. Harwood, and
Mr. John Bernard ; in all probability they are all the work
of David Edwin, as they are similar in character, treatment,
and workmanship ; the portraits of Harwood and Bernard
are signed Edwin, and noted as being published by T. B.
Freeman, May 1, 1798.

He soon after this found employment as an assistant to
Edward Savage, who painted pictures, engraved plates from

84 David Edwin, Engraver.

them, then printed them himself, and was, moreover, his
own publisher. One of these works is still well known,
comprising a group of General Washington, Martha Wash-
ington, George Washington Parke Custis, Eleanor Custis,
and their negro man, William Lee. The background is a
view along the Potomac, and on the table is a map indi-
cating a plan of the then contemplated city of Washington.
These portraits were really from life, and the plate was in a
great degree the work of Edwin, although bearing the name
of Savage as the engraver. While this work was in prog-
ress, the yellow fever frightened the artist and assistants
away from Philadelphia, and their " city of refuge" was
Burlington, !N"ew Jersey. Edwin would tell an amusing story
of their voyage up the Delaware in a row-boat, carry-
ing the Washington painting along without taking the
canvas off from its stretching frame. It was held upright,
and the nicety of skill requisite to keep it exactly edgewise
to the wind and the pompous and solemn manner of Savage
in directing manoeuvres were described with a quiet humor
and vivid distinctness that made it irresistibly comic and
laughable.

Savage's work was distinctly of the mediocre class ; in
fact, it has been said that it was chiefly Edwin's good work
on the engraving of the Washington family that made it
passable. Edwin, on being asked why he did not put his
name on some of the engravings, replied, " I do not wish the
credit which is to be derived from pictures of Mr. Savage's
composition."

During the yellow fever epidemic which afflicted Phila-
delphia in 1798, David Edwin and Mr. Trott, the miniature-
painter, were neighbors to Mr. Stuart, near the Falls of
Schuylkill. Edwin was at the time engraving from the
painter's portraits. " When I carried him a proof of Judge
Shippen's picture," says the engraver, " he had a sitter with
him, and the print was sent in. He came out to me and
expressed his gratification on seeing the result of my labor.
* You may consider it,' said he, < the greatest compliment I

David JEdwin, Engraver. 85

ever paid you, when I leave my sitter to tell you how much
I am pleased with this head.' When looking at a print
from my engraving of his portrait of Judge McKean, < I
will make this look like his son/ said he, and taking some
chalks, he removed the wig of the judge, and with a few
scratches over the face, produced a likeness when before
there was no apparent similarity."

Edwin tells us of another incident in 1801 of his work
on a Stuart portrait. " It took place on my undertaking to
engrave a portrait of Dr. Smith, of the University of Penn-
sylvania, from Mr. Stuart's painting. The first meeting I
had with the doctor on the subject of the plate that was to
be engraved I shall not readily forget. The doctor had
been a school-master ; and, although ignorant of the art of
engraving, undertook to examine me on my capabilities.
He was old, hasty, and very irritable. He began in a broad
Scotch dialect, by asking me if I could draw. But when
we came to the price of the plate, I thought the poor doctor
would have gone distracted. He ran out and in the room,
throwing at me angry and reproachful glances; and ended
with the determination of paying me only half of my de-
mand, which I accepted, considering the connection I should
form with Mr. Stuart by undertaking the work of more
value to me than any sum the doctor could pay me for the
plate." Those who may have seen impressions of this ad-
mirable engraving will not be surprised at the strong hold
it procured him on the good-will of the painter.

Edwin was always intensely proud of his friendship with
Gilbert Stuart ; he mentioned the following incident to illus-
trate Stuart's wonderful memory and knack of never forget-
ting a face. " I entered Boston in the evening, and the next
day visited Mr. Stuart. ' I knew you were in Boston,'
said he. 4 1 only came last evening, and this is the first
time I have been out.' < I saw you,' replied Stuart; <you
came to town like a criminal, back foremost.' ' Edwin had
come into town by the stage and rode on the front seat.

In 1825 Neagle painted in Boston a portrait of Gilbert

86 David Edwin, Engraver.

Stuart, who was then in his seventy-second year. An en-
graving from this was made by David Edwin, who told of
an incident that illustrates Stuart's method of painting.
He called at his studio one day on business, and Stuart said,
" Well arrived, sit you there," pointing to a chair near him.
He then leaned over and pinned to Edwin's coat a decora-
tion that he was about to paint in a picture that was before
him on the easel ; if I remember rightly, a portrait of Gov-
ernor McKean. Edwin was in a position that enabled him
to see every touch that the artist successively made. He
deliberated every time before the well-charged brush went
down upon the canvas with an action like cutting into it
with a knife. He lifted the brush from the surface at a
right angle, carefully avoiding a sliding motion. He seems
always to have avoided vexing or tormenting the paint
when once laid on, and this partly accounts for the purity
and freshness that still remain characteristic of his work.

Edwin for many years enjoyed the best of the portrait
engraving. His industry was untiring, and at length such
close application began to show its effects on his health.
By advice of his physician, he kept a saddle-horse, and thus
obtained the benefit of air and exercise ; but the pressure
of his business engagements during the day induced him
to work many hours into the night. At the breaking out of
hostilities with England, in 1812, there was hardly a city
in this country that he had not money owing to him from
some of its citizens. He lost practically all of this money, for
with the unsettled business conditions and failures it was
impossible to collect it. Disgust at his losses and a severe
attack of sickness from over-application to business caused
him to apply to his old friend, Mr. Freeman, for a position
as clerk in Freeman's Auction Rooms. After this he would
occasionally employ his leisure hours at engraving some small
works, that of most consequence being the portrait ot his
friend and patron Gilbert Stuart, after the painting by John
Neagle.

Mr. Freeman meeting with business difficulties in the

David Edwin, Engraver. 87

spring of 1831, Edwin found himself without a position.
He endeavored to recommence engraving, but could not get
work from the publishers. He suffered with a severe attack
of influenza which affected his head and caused the loss ot
the sight of one eye, leaving him a prey to melancholy and
distress.

About this time, when he was in adverse circumstances,
he was often employed by Mr. Warren, of the Chestnut
Street Theatre, as a messenger to the actors. He said that
on one occasion he went to Macready, who was then in
Philadelphia, stopping at Head's Hotel, on Third Street
above Spruce (originally the Bingham mansion), to take
him a balance due on account of his engagement. The
actor looked at the money which Edwin placed on the table,
as if it would be a degradation to touch it ; and then, rais-
ing his eyes to the face of the messenger, gazed at him
solemnly for a minute. Putting his finger in the pocket of
his vest, he drew forth with great deliberation a Mexican
half-dollar, and holding it horizontally, like a plate for
charity, he advanced a step and offered it to Edwin, who
with equal dignity declined it, saying, " Sir, Mr. Warren
pays me." Macready raised his eyelids slightly, as if sur-
prised, and returned the silver to his pocket without a word.
Mr. Edwin's perception of the ludicrous or grotesque was
remarkably keen, and he possessed uncommon ability in
relating things of the kind, especially when his talents of
mimicry were called in.

Mr. Edwin's memory was remarkably clear and accurate,
and many are the stories and memories which come down
to us, through him, of the artists and actors of a by-gone
day. The following incident shows how a date or an event
never escaped him. One morning, in London, about eight
o'clock, the atmosphere hazy but not dense enough for a
fog, he was the sole witness to a surprising occurrence at
St. Martin's Lane. Long years afterwards, in Philadelphia,
he was in company with a group of merry fellows, who
were entertaining each other with anecdotes. "Now I

88 David Edwin, Engraver.

will tell you something," said one, " that's quite out of the
common, and I know it to be a fact, as I won a bet on it."
Edwin soon interposed, and told them the year and month
of the occurrence. The narrator was amazed, and ex-
claimed, " That's a fact, but how in the world could you
learn it ?" " Why, I saw it," replied Edwin. He remem-
bered the date with such exactitude because it was just
before his master, the Dutch engraver, took him over to
Amsterdam.

David Edwin had the power of imparting to his prints
the peculiarities of manner belonging to the artist whose
pictures he copied, and in Stuart's time he was the only
one who could reproduce the marked character and spirit
of that painter's delineations. This it was that secured him
such eminent success during his brief career and com-
mended him to Gilbert Stuart.

In the year 1835 the principal artists of Philadelphia
united to form an association, which obtained an act of in-
corporation under the title of " The Artists' Fund Society of
Philadelphia." In the establishment of it Edwin took much
interest and lent his efficient co-operation. He was elected
its first treasurer, and continued to hold that office till his
death.

Towards the end of his days an unsuccessful movement
was started by some of his friends to provide for his needs
by procuring him a situation as keeper of the society ; but,
fortunately, a bequest from an old family friend amply pro-
vided for him. He died on "Washington's Birthday, in the
year 1841, being in his sixty-fifth year, and was buried in
Ronaldson's Cemetery, Philadelphia.

Pennsylvania Gleanings in England. 89

PENNSYLVANIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND.

BY LOTHROP WITHINGTON, 30 LITTLE RUSSELL STREET, W. C., LONDON.

(Including " Gleanings" by Henry F. Waters, not before printed.)

(Continued from Vol. XXVIII. page 469.)

WILLIAM CROUCH, sometime an Inhabitant of Grace-
church Street, London, and now of Middlesex, Edmonton;
being aged. Will 10 October 1710; proved 23 January
1710/11. To my two daughters Mehitable Lovell and
Ruth Arnold • my two Freehold Farmes in Woodham
Ferris, Essex, in occupations of Francis Moss and John
Silver with woodlands etc., paying £100 to granddaughter
Anna Markes, daughter of said daughter Ruth Arnold,
widow, at 21 or marriage. To said daughter Ruth Ar-
nold my Leasehold the " Coach and Horses" in Bishops-
gate street within Bishopsgate in London holden of
Emanuell Colledge in Cambridge. To sons in law Mich-
aell Lovell and Samuel Arnold £10 apiece. To grandson
William Crouch, son of late son Jasiell Crouch, £200 at
22, and executors to allow £7 per annum, but as I am
bound to his master Sylvanus Grove for his fidelity, if he
waste his master's goods, to be deducted etc. To grand-
sons William Lovell and Michaell Lovell, sons of daughter
Mehitable Lovell, £100 apiece at 22 and £6 for education
of grandson Michaell Lovell meanwhile etc. To grandson
James Arnold £100 at 22. To granddaughter Anna Markes,
daughter of said daughter Ruth Arnold £50 at 22 or mar-
riage to be paid to her father in law Samuel Arnold, and if
she die to her brother James Arnold. To granddaughter
Mary Thomas, daughter of my daughter Katherine Pike
deceased £10. To my great granddaughter Katherine
Allen, daughter of said Mary Thomas, £50 at 21 or mar-
riage to be kept at school till 15. To friends Samuel Arnold
and John Eccleston of Gracechurch Street £20. To placing

90 Pennsylvania Gleanings in England.

four poor Boys of Edmonton Apprentice £20, one to be
Edward Gregory, grandson of Edward Bird of Palmes
Greene, other three named by overseers of Edmonton ap-
pointed by my son John Crouch and Samuel Turpin, poor
in Southstreet ward to have preference. To daughter
Frances Crouch, wife of said son John Crouch five guineas
of Gold as token of love and respect. Moneys in hands of
William Biles late of Pensilvania from sale of Lands of mine
in Province of West New Jersey to son John Crouch and
daughters Mehitabell Lovell and Ruth Arnold. My two
tracts of Land in Pennsylvania some time conveyed to me
by David Lloyd for debt of Edward Man deceased, convey-
ances Registered in Court Rolls of said Province in my own
name, to said two daughters Mehitabell Lovell and Ruth
Arnold as tenants in common and not as joint tenants.
Moneys from sale of my houses in Crown Court in Grace-
church street, London and arrears of Rent and also Moneys
that arise of my 30 shares in the Stock and Trade of print-
ing with hot Rolls vested in myself and Sr Samuell Blewett
and others etc. to be applied to debts etc. Two farms in
Cranbrook, Kent, one " Swallingdon Lands" late in occu-
pation of Jeremie Vine, and other on the den of Hartley in
occupation Thomas Edmett etc. to son John Crouch and
heirs, then to daughters Mehitabell Lovell and Ruth Arnold.
Executors : sons in law Michaell Lovell and Samuel Arnold.
Witnesses: Jno. Morris, Eliz. Man, Mary Bewley, Mary
Guppy. Young, 5.

RICHARD PIKE of Stoke Newington. Will 2 September
1752; proved 5 April 1755. To kinsmen Samuel Hoare
and Nathaniel Newberry of London Merchants all estate
and Lands in Pensilvania and all estate wheresoever, paying
to Neice Rachel Strongman £2000, to Nephews Joshua and
Joseph Beale, sons of Joshua Beale of Cork, £500 each, to
Neice Sarah Beale daughter of ditto £500, to Nephew Samuel
Beale, son of sister Rachel Beale, £500, to Sarah Foster
£100, five years after my decease. Executors : Samuel

Pennsylvania Gleanings in England. 91

Hoare and Nathaniel Newberry. Witnesses : Justus Denis
Beck, Will Braund, Willm Russell. Paul, 111.

JOHN COLES, Citty and County of Exon, Cheesemonger.
Will 1 September 1688; proved 17 October 1693. Intend-
ing a Voyage to Sea have given friend James Kerle of Call-
cott, Sommersett, Sharge-maker, a Letter of Attorney to
claim debts for mayntenance of my wife Joane Coles, also
a parcell of Serges in hands of Geo: Wiggenton of Citty
of Exon, Taylor, and other goods in England. If I dye at
Sea and my goods that I carry with me goe safe to Pensel-
vania, friend John Persons and William Tyler, now inhabit-
ing in Pensielvania if liveing to secure and take care of said
goods. Whereas I have bought and paid for 1000 acres of
Land in Penselvania, John Persons and William Tyler to
make such advantage as other friends may advise etc., and
if John Persons and William Tyler be not liveing, whom
the body of Friends appoint to dispose for benefit of my
wife during her life. To my two sisters Elizabeth Wood-
land and Ruth Cudridge two thirds of goods in England
and elsewhere after decease of wife ; other one third to wife
to dispose of. If she dye in my absence, she to dispose of
£20 of goods, said James Kerle to be a Friend in trust, while
wife lives, and executor when she is dead. Witnesses :
Robert Skinner, John Sparke, George Wiggenton, William
Willson. Cokcr, 153.

MARY HAMILTON of the City of Philadelphia in the State
of Pennsylvania, widow. Will 10 April 1793; proved 20
December 1794. Debts being paid, residue to Lady
Hamilton of Lower Grosvenor Street, London, for chil-
dren of late John Hamilton deceased. Executor : Samuel
Duftield, of City of Philadelphia, Physician. Witnesses:
James Kalloch, Assheton Humphreys. Account of monies
due me this 25 August 1793: In hands of Mr. Richard Wells
£230, of Mr. William Keith £50, of Isaack Howell, Esq.,£l50,
of Thomas Mitchell £40, of Mr. William Ralston £100, of the

92 Pennsylvania Gleanings in England.

Bank of the United States £50 or £620 all for will except
what I owe to Dr. Duffield for last illness. Philadelphia
August 25 1793 : Mary Hamilton. Philadelphia city and
county ss. True copie of will of Mary Hamilton proved
30 October last past, this 21 December 1793 : Isaac Wampol,
D. Regr. Proved in Prerogative court of Canterbury by
Lady Amy Hamilton widow, attorney for Samuel Duffield
of Philadelphia " State of Pennsylvania in America."

Holman, 618.

JAMES FEA of St. Paul Deptford, Kent, Gentleman, an
Officer under the United Company of Merchants of Eng-
land trading to the East Indies. "Will 6 June 1772 ; proved
27 September 1780. To Jennett wife of Henry Murray of
Island of Edda, Orkney, yoeman, £50 for her sole use, her
husband or any future husband to have nought to do. Resi-
due to niece Elizabeth Hamilton of St. Paul Deptford,
widow of Peter Hamilton late of Philadelphia in North
America deceased, and daughter of Peter Waldie of parish
of St. George in the East, Middlesex, and Elizabeth his wife,
both deceased, executrix. Witnesses : George Slow, Thds.
Torkington. Collins, %.35.

JACOB DUCHE, late of the city of Philadelphia, born Aprill
the 26th 1708 in said city in the province now the State of
Pennsylvania, but at present residing in parish of Lambeth
in county of Surry and Kingdom of Great Britain. Will 1
August 1786; proved 8 October 1788. To beloved son the
Rev. Jacob Duche Chaplain and secretary to the Asylum
of Female Orphans, £3000 money of Great Britain. To
Daughter in Law Elizabeth Duche as mark of esteem all
Plate, Linen, China, and wearing apparel and also 100
Guineas. To Grand Daughter Esther Duche £500. To
Grand Daughter Elizabeth Sophia ditto at 18 etc. Rest to
grandson Thomas Spence Duche. Executors: son Jacob
Duche and grandson Thomas Spence Duche and kinsman
Andrew Doz and friends Joseph Swift of Philadelphia, mer-

Pennsylvania Gleanings in England. 93

chant, and Myers Fisher Esquire of Philadelphia aforesaid.
Witnesses: Thomas Sheete, George Adams, J. Pritchard,
Drs. Commons. Calvert, 4-77.

WILLIAM RABLY of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania. Ad-
ministration 18 February 1730/1 to Richard Deeble, prin-
cipal creditor, John Rably and Mary Rably brother and
sister renouncing. Admon Act Book, 1731.

JOHN PENN THE ELDER at present of the City of Philadel-
phia in Pennsylvania. Will 2 January 1795; proved 23
January 1796. To my wife Anne Penn Tract of Land with
messuages etc* in Blockley Township, county of Philadel-
phia (2000 acres) called Lansdown purchased of Dr. William
Smith, John Bourcher and Mahlon Hall, also another Tract
in the same Township purchased from widow Warner etc.
To Elizabeth Allen daughter of Andrew Allen, Esq. at
coming of age or marriage £1000, of £2000 invested in four
per cent consolidated Annuities of Great Britain with in-
terest from 21 March 1791 etc. etc., residue of said stock to
my wife Anne Penn. If wife die to said Elizabeth Allen at
age or marriage £5000 etc. etc. To Brother Richard Penn
my ten share of the Bank of North America Stock. To each
of younger children of brother Richard Penn £1000. To
brother Richard Penn subject to legacies to be raised one
fourth part of the manor of Springetsbury in county of
Philadelphia consisting of divers unimproved Lots and at
yearly Rents in fee, and after his decease to my nephew
William Penn, son of brother Richard and heirs, in default
to nephew Richard Penn son of ditto, and in default to
heirs of brother Richard Penn etc. To wife Ann Penn
£6000 sterling, executors to sell so much of my six per
cent stock in funds of United States. Of rest of said 6 per
cent stock interest to wife Ann for life, then one moiety to
nephew Richard Penn. In case the United States of
America pay to creditors any part of the six per cent stock
during life time of wife, she to invest same in any of public

94 Pennsylvania Gleanings in England.

funds of England or America to hold in trust as before etc.
To wife Ann £500 sterling to purchase annuity for her
brother Colonel William Allen. To Friend John F. Miffiin
£100 sterling to purchase a piece or pieces of plate as a re-
membrance. Rest to wife Ann Penn. Executors : wife
Ann Penn and Friend John F. Mifflin. Witnesses : Wm.
Strickland, Geo. Hammond, Jas. Kitchen. Proved by
widow Anne Penn with reservation to other executor John
Fishbourne Mifflin. Harris, 85.

PETER REID of Wellington, county Salop, Maltster. Will
7 September 1769; proved 2 December 1775. To Trustees
and executors, John Colley of Sowbatch and George Colley
of Isombridge, Farmers, £10 each, and residue of personal
estate on trust for son David Reid at 21, etc. To brother
David Reid of Spring Gardens in Philadelphia in North
America, Gardener, £300 if living, and if dead to his chil-
dren. To Thomas Colley, son of Mr. Isaac Colley of the
Old Hall in county Salop, £100 at 21, and it he die to his
brothers and sisters. To said Isaac Colley £50 if living, if
dead to his children. To [Mary Colley daughter of Ben-
jamin Colley of Harpe Ally, London, Carpenter, — erased]
£50 at 21 or marriage, and if she die to her brothers and
sisters. To Elizabeth Colley and Mary Colley, daughters
of Isaac Colley, £50 each. Residue of personal estate not
before devised to said John Colley, Isaac Colley the younger,
Richard Colley, Edward Colley, Benjamin Colley, and
Susannah Colley, sons and daughters of said Isaac Colley.
Executors : John Colley and George Colley. Witnesses :
Thos. Leek, John Williams. Affidavit of George Hand the
younger one of the procurators general of the consistory
court of Lichfield that said will in writing of Peter Reid late
of Wellington, Salop, was proved in court of Litchfield on 4
May last and that John Colley and George Colley the execu-
tors inferred that the obliterations were made by testator by
reason his son George Reid had attained age of 21 and Mary
Colley one of the legatees was dead. Alexander, 4.90.

Pennsylvania Gleanings in England. 95

JONATHAN BROWNE of City of Philadelphia in State of
Pennsylvania, Merchant. Will 7 April 1783; proved 7
October 1784. To my Brother Mr. George Browne of
London whatever my father Mr. William Browne left by
his will. To Brothers George, William, and Thomas
Browne and sisters Sarah Robson and Jane Porter each
a gold ring. Rest to wife Elizabeth Browne, executrix.
Witnesses : John Shields, Sam : McKean.

Rockingham, 535.

MAGDALEN DEVINE late of Philadelphia and now of Parish
of St. Andrew Holborn, Middlesex, widow. Will 21 De-
cember 1782; proved 8 November 1785. To Brothers
Thomas Wade* of Philadelphia, Merchant, Francis Wade ot
ditto, Brewer, Farrett Wade, late of London, Gentleman,
Mathew Wade of Jamaica, Gentleman, and Michael Wade
of ditto, Merchant, £10 apiece. To servant Mary Wright
£50. To Mary Warren wife of William Warren of City of
Dublin and Kingdom of Ireland, Jeweller, £10. To Neice
Margaret Murphy of Philadelphia aforesaid £50. Rest to
sister Elizabeth Wade now living with me. Witnesses : P.
Kelly, John Fitzgerald, Dendy Treacher. Ducarel,

WILLIAM STONE of the City of Philadelphia. Will 18
April 1788; proved 17 January 1789. Philadelphia City
and County ss., I George Campbell, Esquire, Registrar of
Probate of Wills, etc. make known that will of William
Stone deceased was proved 24 April 1788. William Stone
now City of Philadelphia. To Christopher Kuliler my
Watch. To Samuel Nicholes my Squire workes, Silver
buckles. To said Christopher Kuliler one other paire ot
Buckles as he shall choose. To William Crawford, James
Crawford, William Kuliler and Christopher Kuliler all Ap-
parel and all Cash. To be buried according to form ot
Episcopal Church. To Barbara my washerwoman one small
piece of Callico which is now in my Chest in the Saddle
Room. Samuel Nicholes to receive all debts. Executors :
Samuel Nicholes and Christopher Kuliler. Witnesses:

96 Pennsylvania Gleanings in England.

Mary Jenkins, E. Betty. Letter of Attorney for Samuel
Nicholes and Christopher Kuliler of City of Philadelphia,
executors, 24 May 1788, to William Vaughan and Thomas
Cockstreet of London, to receive all debts, especially £100
three per cent stock transferred by William Rowe 12 March
1763 to said William Stone. Attestation of Clement Biddle,
Esq. Notary and Tabellon Public for the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania. Proved in prerogatory court of Canterbury
by William Vaughan, attorney for executors.

Calvert, 369.

DAVID VAUGHAN of Town of Swansea, Co. Glamorgan.
Will 16 January 1781; proved 15 November 1781. To
Nephew David Vaughau share of rope-walks in Swansea
and the partnership debts etc. To Neice Sissil wife of Hugh
Mason Marinor messuage she inhabits in the Strand in
Towne of Swansea for life, then to her heirs ; in default to
said Hugh Mason for life, then to William son of my late
neice Catherine Hitchings, deceased. To said Hugh Mason
my third of sloop Trusty with Tackle and Furniture. To
Mary wife of Edward Pascoe late of Swansea Manor, my
messuage wherein I dwell in High Street above the Gate
for life with all furniture except plate and china, then to
Mary daughter to late Neice Mary Hitchings, who can have
possession sooner by securing £25 yearly to said Mary Pascoe,
who is at liberty to give up sooner, etc. To Mary Pascoe
one Silver Quart Tankard, one Silver pint and four silver
Table Spoons pledged or pawned to me for money by the
late Susanna Madge and Mary Pascoe, also £20, being the
net proceeds of what I made by the sale of Susannan Madge's
house furniture. To John Morris, Esquire of Grlasement
£100 out of £200 he owes,, also one Silver Pu[n]ch Bowl,
one ditto Ladle and a whole set of China now in my
Beaufet. To Margaret widow of late Robert Morris, Esq.
£50. To Robert Morris, Esq. £50. To Margaret, Mary, and
Jane daughters of the late Robert Morris, Esq. £50 each.
To Thomas and Catherine, sou and daughter of my late

Pennsylvania Gleanings in England. 97

nephew Edward Vaughan of Philadelphia in North America
£50 each, when they legally demand same. To maid ser-
vants Mary Thomas and Margaret Michael £10 each. To
William and Mary children of late Neice Catherine Hitch-
ings £100 each at 21. To Thomas, William, and Martha,
children of friend Mr. Thomas Lott of Forrest, £200. To
Sissil wife of Hugh Mason £200 in trust to pay interest
at Christmas and Whitsuntide to distressed Housekeepers
at Swansea, and to perpetuate it as long as in her power.
To nephew David Vaughan aforesaid £300 additional. To
Sissil wife of Hugh Mason aforesaid £600 additional. To
Mary Pascoe annuity of £30 to be paid by David Vaughan
and Sissil Masan out of Ropewalk. To Thomas Jones,
Master of Plenty Sloop, £10 for ring. Kest to nephew
David Vaughan and Neice Sissil wife of Hugh Mason, ex-
ecutors. Witnesses: John Popkin Junr, John Borlace,
Thomas Cott. Webster, 563.

ELIZABETH HYDE late of Philadelphia in North America,
Merchant. Will 4 October 1786; proved 27 December
1786. To Friend Mrs. Price, wife of Mr. William Price,
five guineas and my two best cloaks, and to Miss Price two
guineas and six silver teaspoons and strainer. To Mary
Finch and Ann Bishop all best wearing apparel. To my
Friend Mr. Samuel Jefteries three Guineas. To Mr. Robert
Newberry one Guinea and to Henry Newberry his son ditto,
and to Hannah Newberry his daughter ditto. Also to
Hannah Newberry remainder of apparell. To Mrs. Hetty
Yealdall my Room of Household Goods and Furniture. To
Miss Susan Stanton two Guineas. Rest to good friends
Mrs. Hannah Stanton and Sarah Stanton of Poultrey,
London. Executrix: Mrs. Sarah Stanton. Witnesses:
James Isles, Joseph Baker. Norfolk, 619.

WILLIAM BUCK late of Edwards Street, Portman Square,
Parish of St. Mary le Bone otherwise Marybone, but now
of Queen Street, Grosvenor Square, Middlesex. Will 13

VOL. XXIX.— 7

98 Pennsylvania Gleanings in England.

February 1779; proved 13 March 1779. To wife Mary
Buck, executrix, the stock in public funds, goods, estate,
etc. with the assistance of friend Mr. William Carr of the
Strand, Middlesex, Linen Draper. I direct £1700 stock in
three per cent to be transferred to said wife and "William
Carr, in trust to pay interest of £1300 to wife for life, then
£600 to cousin Sarah wife of Joseph Pessifer of James
Deeping, county Lincoln, Husbandman, and £600 to cousin
James Hudson of Crowland, Husbandman, son of James
and Barbara Hudson of James Deeping aforesaid, £100
ditto to Friend Mr. William Speight of Elsthorpe, county
Lincoln, Grazer, and £400 residue of said stock to my sister
Elizabeth Lake, wife of William Lake, for life, free of hus-
band, then to said William Carr. Executors to lay out
£100 for annuity to sister Ann Lake. Release to Colonel
Powell annuity I am entitled to during his life, also all
arrears ; and out of annuity of £90 during life of Colonel
Henry Watson ; to Alice Eccles sister of my said wife and
to Jane wife of Mr. Isaac Huffly of the City of Philadelphia
in North America £10 each etc. To Friend Mr. Thomas
Porter of Silver Street, Golden Square, county Middlesex,
£10, and to my Friend Mr. Richard Darlington of South
Molton Street, Grosvenor Square, twenty Guineas, also to my
Friend Mr. John Wraldeck of the Strand, Mr. Robert Ran-
dall of Silver street aforesaid, Mr. Dennis Farrell of Queen
street, Grosvenor Square, Mr. Joseph Hind of Brewer Street,
Golden Square, Mr. Benjamin Welling of Berwick Street,
St. James, Attorney at Law, Mr. Joseph Martin late ot
Brewer Street aforesaid, Coachmaker, Mr. William Hill of
Kemp Street, Berwick Street, Jane Smith of Totteridge
widow, and to said William Carr, William Speight, Alice
Eccles, and Jane Huffly 10 Guineas apiece. Witnesses :
Wm. Pennington, Lambs Buildings, Temple, Richard Bar-
low, No. 375 Strand. Warburton, 92.

MARGARET KEARSLEY of the City of Philadelphia, widow.
Will 29 November 1773; proved 2 August 1779. To be

Pennsylvania Gleanings in England. 99

interred in the Baptist Meeting Ground in the City in a
Cedar Coffin without any Ring of Bells, Pall, or Funeral
Parade. Household Furniture, Carriage, and Horses to be
sold and Negro Man Sam to be disposed of by executrix.
To Mary Kearsley of Sedgefield in England £100 sterling
and to her sister Ann Kearsley, ditto. To ray Friend Mrs.
Williamina Bond £100 Pennsylvania Currency with my
Gold Watch and the Chain and Trinkets, also my husband's
and my own picture. To my sister Mrs. Rebecca Smith
my best Diamond Ring and my best Fan. To Mrs. Blanch
Roberts £10 currency and to Sarah Dugdale ditto. To Wil-
liamina and Ann Bond, two of daughters of Doctor Phineas
Bond deceased all apparell and all Trinkets. To Susannah
Price £10 ditto. To Doctor John Kearsley £25 ditto in re-
turn for many presents, and I hereby solemnly declare I owe
him nothing as I expect to give an account of the deeds
done in the Body. To cousin Benjamin Stonier now or
lately living in the City of London £600. Executors : Friends
Williamina Bond and Phineas Bond. To my maid Cath-
erine Pondolone apparell. To Mrs. Susanna Bard my
worked Bed Curtains and Counterpane. Rest to cousins
Thomas Brand, Benjamin Burroughs and Judith Horse,
all now or lately living in England. Witnesses : Barnaby
Barnes, Cornelius Barnes, Mary Asheton. Affidavit 31
July, 1779, of Phineas Bond, late of city of Philadelphia
but now of Middle Temple, London, Esq. that Margaret
Kearsley late of City of Philadelphia in North America,
widow, deceased, departed this life in May 1778, but made
will 29 November 1773 and appointed Williamina Bond
widow and the deponent's mother and him this deponent
executors ; that soon after the deceased's death that William
Smith this deponent's clerk copied the Paper Writing here-
unto annexed from the Original Court will then in custody
of said Williamina Bond and thereafter from death of said
deceased to Month of June following, when this deponent
left the said city of Philadelphia no Court or Publick Office
competent for granting Probates of wills then existed and

100 Pennsylvania Gleanings in England.

said original is now in custody of said Williamina Bond in
Philadelphia and that there is not in Great Britain any
other more authentic copy. Phineas Bond, sworn to truth.
Attest Geo : Haris, Surrogate Pres*, Henry Stevens, Notary
Publick. Warburton, 351.

ISAAC Cox of the City of Philadelphia in the province of
Pennsylvania, Merchant. Will 7 August 1772; proved 27
July 1784. To son John Cox at 21 or marriage messuage
where I dwell and lot of ground on "West Side of front
Street and extending to Dock Street in said city, purchased
of Barnabas Shute, with all Buildings, also all the Furniture,
Plate, Linnen, China, and Pictures, also £2500 money of
Pennsylvania. To son Isaac Cox at 21 or marriage mes-
suage and Bank and Water Lot lately purchased from execu-
tors of John Vining, Esqr on East side of front Street
extending into the River Delaware in said city with wharfes,
Docks, Buildings, Improvements, and Appurtenances, also
£2500 lawful aforesaid. To sons John Cox and Isaac Cox
my Brigantine or Yessell called the Speedwell with her
Rigging, Tackle, Furniture, and Appurtenances, also my
three Negro Men Sailors called Cuff, Harry, and Cruiser,
also £2000 lawful money aforesaid. To daughter Jane Har-
rison if living £1000 aforesaid, or to her children living.
To grandson George Harrison at 21 £400. To daughter
Martha Wickoff £1000 aforesaid and Negro Man Pompey
and my Negro Woman named Hannah, also my Chariot
and Horses with all Geeres, Trappings etc. To Grandson
Jacob Wickoff £500 aforesaid at 21 or marriage, or if he
die to his brother William Wickoff or his sister Ann
Wickoff. To grandson William Wickoff at 21 or marriage
£250 aforesaid etc. To granddaughter Ann Wyckoff ditto.
To grandson Henry Wickoff £1500 ditto, and if he die to
three grandchildren Jacob, William, and Ann. To daughter
Mary Cox at 18 or marriage £3000. To children of sister
Elizabeth Ramsey £400. To children of brother Joseph
Cox late of South Carolina deceased £400. To daughter in

Pennsylvania Gleanings in England. 101

law Elizabeth Barnett £100, also my Negro wench Cloe.
To the Contributors to the Pennsylvania Hospital £50 to
be paid to their Treasurer toward carrying on the char-
itable designs of said hospital. To Jacob the natural son
of Margaret formerly Margaret Griffits, the now wife of
George Fudge of said city, £600 Pennsylvania money, also
my lot purchased from Joseph Bringhurst situate in the
district of South wark on the East side of second Street con-
tinued southward beyond the said City, both at his age of
21, executors to meanwhile use same for his education and
support. If said Isaac die, then £200 to his mother Mar-
garet and rest of £600 and the Lot to my son Isaac Cox. Eest
to my said children John Cox, Isaac Cox, Jane Harrison,
Martha Wickoff, Mary Cox, and my grandson Henry
Wickoff, reserving only Negro girl named Lydia for my
daughter Mary Cox. Executors : Sons John Cox and Isaac
Cox, sons in law Peter Wickoff and Isaac Wickoff, and
friend Mr. William West, of City of Philadelphia, Merchant.
Witnesses: Robert Allison, Jonathan Nesbit, Jas. Hum-
phreys. Codicil 14 June 1775. To daughter Jane Har-
rison £500 more. To Grandson Peter WickoiF son of
daughter Martha Wickoff £100. To Isaac Barnett son of
daughter in law Ann Barnett £100. Negro woman Lucy
to be manumitted and set free. Witnesses: Jas. Hum-
phreys, James Humphreys junior, Richard Butler. Proved
in prerogative court of Canterbury by Isaac Cox, son of de-
ceased, andlsaac Wikofl* otherwise Wickoff', two of sur-
viving executors, power reserved to Peter Wikoff als WickofF
one other of surviving executors, John Cox the other sur-
viving executor having renounced. Rockingham, 377.

(To be continued.)

102 Notes and Queries.

NOTES AND QUERIES.
Iftotes.

LETTER OF THOMAS LANGHORNE TO FRANCIS DOVE ET AL. ET-
TING COLLECTION OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA. —

NESSHAMINY CKEEK the 4«» of ye 12 mo : 86
Deare & welbeloved frinds
FRANCIS DOVE WILL: WIGGINGS
& EDWARD SAMWAYES :

My deare & tender love in the pure & prestious truth most dearely &
tenderly salutes you all and all your deare & lovinge wives & all deare &
faithfull frinds about you &c: And by this I give you to knowe that
through the good hand of God I & my wife & children & all my family
gott well into this Country & through the Mercy & goodness of God has
bene for the most part & remaines all in health for wch frome my hart I
praise & magnifie the name of the Lord forever : For Indeed severrall
that came in ye shippe with us has had their seasonings & severrall is
dead though not many dead but some y* stayed in ye Lowe Countryes
being in ye very heat of ye yeare & we had a good passage by sea for
none dyed on board but one weakly childe & when we came at Philadel-
pha as about my setling I was at a very great stand for some spake
against one place & some ag't another & most spake good of their owne
places & did there endeavours to draw me hither & thither & indeed
through some p swaitions I had like to have bene drawne into the Low
Countryes wch I blesse the Lord I mist, all though but narowly & for
this place on your land where I now am many spoke vere much againste
it & would have deterred me for cominge at it because many in this
Creek had dyed & it had gott ye name of a very sickly place & besides
itt was told me y* things was farr out of order & a great deal of debts
contracted upon ye Land & many wayes like to be great exercise &
trouble before things could be setled to any content to myselfe or any
satisfaction to you, made me y* I knewe not well w* to doe, yett upon a
full pause upon ye matter & a serious consideration of ye things, you
being all my frinds wch I had a kindnesse for, but especially my antient
allwayes kinde frinde Fra : Dove, whome I am Ingaged & bound in duty
to serve & to doe any kindnesse for him or his that Lyes in my power to
requite some of ye kindnesses formerly done by him to me under these
considerations & for ye truths sake & for pitty sake to Robert, he yl has
bene abused & wronged & made a prey upon by severall y* he hath bene
concerned with, I was willing to come on to ye Land to se how I founde
thinges & resolves through ye assistance of allmighty god to use my ut-
most endeavours to rectyfie them for indeed they are soe far out of order
there will bothe be charge & great trouble before they can be setled to
any content or satisfaction either for you or me & If I should inumerate
ye whole of matters y* is out of order & wants setlinge in & about your
afarres here, it would take more time yn I shall willingly spend about it
at this time but shall onely give you a hint of yc most Materrall things
y1 1 have made some entrance into, to looke about & inquire into, in ye

Notes and Queries. 103

first place Richard Davis kinsman one David Powell y1 was passenger
with Rob : & y1 Rob : was kinde to beinge surveyor of ye Land has
wronged & cheated him more then any one he has dealt with, mearly to
gett a tract of good Land y* lay near as he saith for Richard Davis
wronged Rob : of 640 acres of your Land, as is rendred, but we have
traced out the matter & is about bringing yc matter to a tryall with him
& is in great hopes to gett releife ag* him & to be satisfied out of ye
Land wh was really your right if he had bene a Just man & at y* backe
of ye Land we doe finde that his is alsoe wronged wch we hope to gett
righted in tyme if ye Lord spare us life & health soe y1 we are in hopes
to gett your whole quantity of your Land at one end or other & y c pretty
convenient wch in time may turne to a good account through gods bless-
inge, soe havinge given you some hints of things shall now aquaint you
with my perceedings hear & what I have done acordinge to your order
& desire in your Letters to me, In the first place you ordered me to gett
Jame« Harrison to vallue the Land & Stocke upon it & ye plantation &
all things done about it who att my request came & another frinde yt is
the next neighbour to us & I lett him see your letter & he willingly
undertooke the besynesse for you & soe we came to agree about this tract
of Land that Rob : is upon wch is esteemed 8 hundred & 60 acres of
Land they vallued the Land att 10 an hundred this Country money here
was a mear & 11 swyne & corne reaped wch was all the stock on the
Land they vallued them to llb 6 here near 10 acres of cleared Land with-
in fence yet but meanly cleared & as slenderly husbanded as did evident-
ly apeare yet in the whole they vallued the Land & Stock upon it & all
the Improvement about it to an hundred and eyghty pounds this Coun-
try money wch I am to pay you in some seasonable time, & to have a
tytle made from you to me for the whole as abovesaid it is the full
vallue of it consideringe the Inconveniencyes that attends it for I must
build my house in a new place soe yt the litle Houses there is will not
be of much service to me the dwellinge House is about 20 foot long a
very mean House there is allso a litle stable & a small place for the
swyne we are very much straitened to putt on & make a meane shift to
rub alonge with ym for the time though I have repared & aded to ym
since I came & bettered the Land and am cleaninge about 10 acres more
where if the Lord p mitt I Intend to build, the toyle & charge is great
to gett things into any like order hear, but as it is my lott & that I finde
the Lords love & good hand with me, to direct & assist in things, is my
great Comfort & content, & I wish I may perform y* service & worke y*
is to doe for me hear y* God may have the praise forever; now if you
thinke this price too litle (as if you knew all there is noe cause soe to
doe) & y* there upon you should not be willinge to make me a tytle as be-
fore is said then y" Lawe of this province will allowe me full satisfaction
for all my Improvement upon it before I be turned of from you or from
any y* shall buy it of you, wch was one thinge more wch Induced me to
setle upon it, if any of you should be dead or ye like and for the debts
y' is contracted wch I perceive the Land by the Lawe wilbe Ingaged to
pay they are Considerable I supose 60 of this Country money will not
pay y1 for Rob : was arreasted at Birlington on Jarsy Side by a Tincker
for 15lb & I was forced to loose him & give bond for yc money I could not
see him soe dealt with but relieve him, he has bene weake in ye man-
agement of bisinesse hear & many has abused & made a prey upon him,
yett truely I cannot wholy Impute the fault to him, butt rather to your

104 Notes and Queries.

Imprudence in sending of him hither who knewe his weaknesse & In-
capableness to undertake & manage such a weighty concerne as this, wch
he was soe much a stranger to as doubtlesse you might all very well
knowe & the more because you sent him soe weakely assisted with those
you sent alonge with him, first for the man yt was most hopeful 1 you had
given him his Liberty if he could pay his passage money hear wch he did &
so Rob : in the weake condition he was left with an old man y1 would
worke litle if he had bene well but was many times sicke & Rob was at
great charges one way or another about him yn there was the boy could
doe litle and there Daughter did nothing but putt him to Charge onley
the old woman was painfull & stood a litle by him in ye management of
ye plantation worke yett in other things was not soe true & Just to him
as she should have bene as doth to me plainely appeare soe y* amongest
ym beinge but such a weake younge man & sometimes much aflicted &
sicke & often abroad to git victualls & ye like a sad House was kept a
home and businesse slenderly carryed on soe y* for my part I admire yt
things is noe worse then they are for I doe understand y1 many more
capable then he & better assisted & suplyed every way has made worse
then he has done, And Indeed in reason & good conscience you ought
to consider him & make him satisfaction before he goes of for the Losse
of his time & Indeed he doth say he will not goe of ye Land till you doe
satisfie him, & for ye old woman she stands for havinge a great deale
more then condition for ye hard usage she has had, but I will not grant
her anythinge but accordinge to ye condition of ye artickles woh is the 4th
part of the stocke on ye Land Wch I have proffered to give her, but she
refuses to take it soe you must send over what must be done to her in
the matter & further about ye citty lotts yt was sold for a barrell of
Porke I spoke to the man & he is willinge to refere it to arbittration with
me soe I shall take care of that & allso I intend to see about ye Citty
liberty Land to take it up & about everythinge I shall doe my best en-
deavours to all things yt I hope may make for your advantage & to be
Just to you in everythinge, soe I doe desire y* you may by the first op-
pertunity send over a firme convayance, signed by you all three to me of
this 8 hundered & 60 acrees of Land & all the stock upon it with some
tooles & small matters of Husbandry heare, as for the Household stuflfe
I leave it all to Robert wch is but of litle vallue for I belive the old
woman has wronged him about it soe I could be glad to see youre In-
voyce w1 you sent over of Household stuffe or beddinge with him for he
has Litle to showe And if you send me a firme Convayance as aforesaid
with authority to pay ye just debt wch cannot be denyed & for the re-
mainder I hope you will give me time for it to pay it to you or to your
order ether hear or in England. And if you thinke fitt to make me
afirme tytle of all your Lands hear accordinge to your first deeds I shall
be carefull to doe my best for you & give you a Just account, for I doe
not se y* any of you is fitt men to come here unless to ad to the former
Charges & make your businesse no better, for people y* can worke is the
onely best here & does mightyly Improve themselves but with men y*
cannot worke spends there estates & brings themselves under, though I
doe say ye countrey is a very firtell good Country as good or better then
I expected, And if you send a Conveyance as aforesaid I doe desire you
may consider Rob : well for he has suffered more yn many would have
done & if his deare father be able I doe Intreat him to assigne Rob : all
his tytle in this Countery & I hope I shall both advise him & assist him

Notes and Queries. 105

yl he may doe well for he offers to be very submissive to me & to be ad-
vised by mee, I have a hope to settle him by me & has great hopes he
will doe well if he will be advised as he hath been hither too, I hope it
will be good for him ye many exercises he has past through, we know
not whither the bill is come againe to you or not, & if it should be come
It will be great Charge p testinge it againe for Indeed I cannot see any
way how ye payinge of it Cann be avoyded for he would recover it here
by the Lawe because he makes it appeare a great part of it was spent
upon ye plantation, and if it be not come to you again, for I writ to the
man about stayinge of it, iff you are pleased to give me order to pay itt
& the rest of the Just debts I can pay them with lesse here then you can
doe at London Soe what you resolve on about these matters, doe it
with as much expidition as possible for we are at a losse for want of
authority from you to act in matters y' we have in hand, And if you
make me a tytle of all your concerns here according to your first deeds
I shall be the more Cappable to act in your whole concernes & I hope
you need not feare but I will be Just to you & give you a true accounte
of things wch I desire may be to your satisfaction, the old woman com-
plaines sore for^want of cloose & desires I may acquaint you y* she
wants very much soe I could not doe lesse yn let you knowe, & if you
could agree to send her some second hand Cloose suitable for her to
stopp her Clamor at her goeinge I think might be well, And for Rob :
I founde him very bare in Cloose I could not lett him goe soe for I
pittyed him & was ashamed to let him goe soe & has supplyed him
& I would have you send him some cloose suitable for him for
he has deserved ym although thinges has not hitt with him, yett I
hope in tyme if I live to bringe thinges better of yn they have been like
hitherto (through the assistance of God) And if you would doe me the
kindenesse send me a peece of Duffells it is called match Coat for ye
Indians ether red or blewe it will be about 2s a yard & if you send it or
any other things y* Kob : mentiones in his letter I shall be Countable to
you to pay you either here or in England, as you shall order soe dear
frinds I have bene forced to be large in my writinge to you because the
concerne is great I desier you to consider well of the whole businesse &
lett your answer or returne to me be weighty that I may have full power
to manage your whole concerne & I hope to doe it with all dilligence &
a redy minde yl it may have a tendency to your profitt & my content,
soe deare Francis my dearest love to thy Deare Wife & my wifes love
allsoe I desire ye may live comfortablely togither & that God may blesse
you in all your undertakinges my love & my wifes love is to both the
other 2 frinds wifes & all frinds about you yl may enquire of me & soe
remaines your Constant reall frinde in truth,

THOMAS LANGHORNE

LETTER FROM GEORGE Fox TO FRIENDS IN BUCKS COUNTY, PENNA.
ETTING COLLECTION OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVA-
NIA.—

LONDON, the 20*— 1685
mo

Deare ffriends

Christopher Taylor, James Harrison, John Symcock, John Moon
Thomas Lloyd, Thomas Olive and James Claypoole, Thomas Bracy,
and all the rest of ffriends that use to minister.

106 Notes and Queries.

I fformerly did write unto you that if you had a meeting once a month
or a fortnight among yourselves of all friends in the ministry, both in
Pensilvania and New Jersey, and when that you were together in the
Lords power and spirit, and then you might divide yourselves to other
meetings and two and two to visit friends, both in New England, Mary-
land Virginia and Carolina, for I had several letters from Carolina from
ffriends there, that several people would come in but wanted ffriends in
the ministry to declare the truth unto the People, and turn their minds
to the light of Christ, and I perceive that you being so many ministers
there together at some meetings, is rather a stoppage to some of the
tender springs in others, & so rather a hurt to yourselves, and so if some
of you would goe forth in the Lords power to other meetings as before,
and some to appoint meetings at the Indian kings houses and to have
meetings with them which would be a means of spreading the truth
amongst them and in time setling meetings amongst them for I know
that some of you, are but lately setled in your plantations, when ffriends
went out of the north in the service of the Lord, and his truth, ffriends
that stayed and kept up their meetings at home did look after friends
business, and assist their ffamilys, that the Lords blessing was so
amongst them, that there was nothing lacking of outward things, for
the blessings of the Lord fell so upon them that kept the meetings at
home together with them that went out to gather them to Christ and to
meet in his name, in whom they had salvation.

But now Dear ffriends you having your natural and divine liberty both
in New England and all those parts in Maryland Virginia Carolina and
in all these places meetings being setled, and they want visiting & many
would come in, as I understand, if they had some to visit them with a
declaration in this day and power of the Lord, and therefore take heed,
lett not the outward care of this world and the outward things or out-
ward places and offices, insnare or tye you from labouring in the Lords
worke and service ; for ' they that follow the Lamb ' must keep out of
Intanglem*8 and therefore prise your liberty while ye have -it, lest the
Lord should suffer it to be taken away from you, and therefore while it
is day and the dore is open, labour in the Lords power and seed thate
over all in whom ye have all life and salvation, so with my love to you
all in the Lord Jesus Christ

G. ff.

Wee are here under great
sufferings and Imprisonm*8
as ye will see by the Inclosed
printed paper/

PHILADELPHIA ye 6^1685

James Harison
Thomas Janny
Wm Yardly

Dr ffriends The inclosed is Coppy of a letter I reed about 3 Mon8 since
from Georg ffox to be comunicated as is mentioned to ye friends in ye
ministry of this Province & West Jarsey wch should have been sooner,
but I had not an opportunity of seeing many together, however I was
not willing longer to deferr it, so this weeke being about 10 of us in
Towne we read it & agreed to send one Coppy to Chester County one to
Bucks & one to Burlington, & to desire you to meet us at this place on
ye 15th of ye next month to read it again when we are alltogether, and

Notes and Queries.

107

to wait upon y" Lord to know his Will as to y* answering of it, we are
to meet at Christof* Taylors y* 3d hour, with my sincere IOYC to you
both

Your ffriend in y* truth

JAMES CLAYPOOLE
Let others know of it
that are concerned to come,
(Addressed)

To my dear ffriends
James Harrison
Thomas Janny &
Wm Yardly or either of them
In Bucks

THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA is making a series 01
autograph letters of the delegates to the various Provincial Conventions,
members of the Supreme Executive Council, the Committee of Safety,
the Council of Safety, the Board of War, and the Naval Boards ot
Pennsylvania. ^Donations of letters of the following will be appreciated
by John W. Jordan, Librarian.

Alberson, Eielof.
Alexander, Hugh.
Allison, John.
Arndt, Jacob.
Ash, James.
Ashmead, Samuel.
Ashton, Thomas.
Barclay, Thomas.
Barge, Jacob.
Barr, James.
Bartholomew, Benjamin.
Bayard, John.
Bayly, John.
Biddle, Edward.
Billmeyer, Andrew.
Blewer, Joseph.
Bradford, William.
Breading, Nathaniel.
Brewster, Samuel.
Brooke, Matthew.
Brown, William.
Bull, John.
Burkholder, Peter.
Byers, John.
Cadwalader, John.
Cadwalader, Lambert.
Caldwell, Andrew.
Calhoun, John.
Cannon, James.
Cannon, John.
Carmichael, John.
Cavett, James.
Cessna, John.

Clark, Walter.
Clark, William.
Clemson, James.
Coates, Isaac.
Coats, William.
Cooke, William.
Coulter, Thomas.
Cowperthwaite, Joseph.
Crawford, James.
Crazart, Francis.
Creigh, John.
Cunningham, James.
Cunningham, Samuel.
Cuthbert, Thomas, Sr.
Davidson, Samuel.
Davis, Lewis.
Dean, Joseph.
Dean, Samuel.
Delany, Sharp.
Denison, Nathan.
Depue, Nicholas.
Deshler, David.
Donaldson, Joseph.
Driesbach, Simon.
Duffield, William.
Dundas, Thomas.
Eckert, Valentine.
Edgar, James.
Edie, Samuel.
Edmunds, William.
Edwards, Enoch.
Eichelberger, George.
Elliott, Benjamin.

108

Notes and Queries.

Elliott, William.
Erwin, Moses.
Erwin, Samuel.
Evans, Evan.
Evans, John.
Evans, Joshua.
Evans, William.
Ewing, James.
Eyre, Manuel.
Fairlamb, Samuel.
Findley, William.
Fitzsimons, Thomas.
Fleming, John.
Galbraith, Bartram.
Gardiner, Joseph,
Garrigues, Jacob.
Geehr, Balser.
Goodwin, George.
Graaf, Andrew.
Graaf, Sebastian.
Gray, George.
Gray, Neigal.
Gregg, Amos.
Grier, John.
Gronow, Lewis.
Grubb, Curtis.
Gurney, Francis.
Hambright, John.
Hannah, Robert.
Harris, John.
Hart, John.
Hartley, Thomas.
Hartzell, Jonas.
Hassenclever, Francis.
Hay, John.
Hayes, Christopher.
Henry, William.
Heysham, William.
Hiester, Daniel.
Hillegas, Michael.
Hockley, Thomas.
Hoge, Jonathan.
Ho well, Samuel.
Hunter, Alexander.
Hunter, Daniel.
Hunter, Samuel.
Irvine, James.
Jack, Matthew.
Jackson, William.
Jenkins, David.
Johnston, Francis.
Jones, Blaithwaite.
Jones, Henry.

Keller, John.
Kelly, John.
Kennedy, David.
Keppele, Henry, Jr.
Kidd, John.
Kirkbride, Joseph.
Kochline, Peter.
Kucher, Christopher.
Laughlin, Jacob.
Lavingair, Christopher.
Levan, Sebastian.
Levis, Thomas.
Lewis, Robert.
Lloyd, Hugh.
Loller, Robert.
Lowman, Lodovick.
Lowrey, Alexander.
Loxley, Benjamin.
Ludwig, Christopher.
Lutz, Nicholas.
Lynn, William.
McAllister, Richard.
McClellan, John.
McCormick, Hugh.
McDowell, John.
Mackey, John.
Maclay, John.
McLene, James.
McPherson, Robert.
Magaw, Robert.
Marsh, Joseph.
Marshall, Benjamin.
Marshall, Christopher.
Marshall, James.
Martin, Robert.
Mason, Isaac.
Massey, Ebenezer.
Massey, Samuel.
Mather, Joseph.
Mease, James.
Melcher, Isaac.
Meredith, Samuel.
Miller, Abraham.
Milligan, James.
Milnor, Edward.
Montgomery, John.
Montgomery, William.
Moore, James.
Moore, John.
Morris, Anthony, Jr.
Morris, Samuel, Jr.
Morris, Samuel C.
Moulder, Joseph.

Notes and Queries.

109

Moulder, William.
Musgrave, Joseph.
Nesbitt, John M.
Neville, John.
Orndt, Robert.
Otto, Bodo.
Parker, Joseph.
Penington, Edward.
Pen rose, Thomas.
Perry, James.
Plunket, William.
Porter, Thomas.
Potter, James.
Potts, James.
Potts, Jonathan.
Potts, Thomas.
Powell, Joseph.
Price, Elisha.
Purviance, John.
Ralston, John.
Rankin, William.
Read, Joseph (Captain).
Redick, David.
Rhoads, Henry.
Richardson, Francis.
Riley, Richard.
Ritchie, Robert.
Roberts, John.
Robinson, James.
Robinson, William.
Ross, George.
Schlosser, George.
Schreiner, Jacob.
Schultz, Christopher.
Scott, Thomas.
Segle, Benjamin.
Sellers, John.

Sherer, Joseph.

Shoemaker, Charles.

Slagle, Henry.

Slaymaker, Henry.

Smiley, John.

Smith, James.

Smith, Jonathan B.

Smith, Matthew.

Smyser, Michael.

Spyker, Benjamin.

Strawbridge, Thomas.

Stroud, Jacob.

Sweers, Cornelius.

Swope, Michael.

Taylor, Henry.

Thomas, Richard.

Thompson, James.

Towers, Robert.

Urie, Thomas.

Van Campen, John.

Van Horn, William.

Van Middles wartz, Abraham.

Waggoner, Melchior.

Wallace, James.

Watts, Frederick.

Weitzel, Caspar.

Weitzel, John.

Wetherill, Joseph.

Wharton, Thomas, Jr.

Whitehill, John.

Whitehill, Robert.

Whyte, Robert.

Wilkins, John.

Wilkinson, John.

Wilson, William.

Woods, George.

Wynkoop, Henry.

DESCRIPTION OF A MASONIC CERTIFICATE ENGRAVED BY DAVID
EDWIN. — Mr. George P. Rupp, Librarian of the Grand Lodge of
Masons, Pennsylvania, contributes the following description of a
Masonic certificate engraved by David Edwin :

At top an All Seeing Eye with adoring angels on either side of the
Paschal Lamb, around on either side at the top the Zodiac, under which
is the sun, moon and stars, on the right a sitting figure of Hope with
her right arm around an anchor, around her left arm is entwined a
snake, in her extended left hand she holds a looking glass, on the left
a sitting figure of Faith, her right arm supported by a book, her left
arm extended, in the clouds are three infant angels with the plumb,
square and trowel, on the right an Ionic column with a terrestrial globe
on top, on the left a Doric column with a celestial globe on top, and a
level on base, in the center a Corinthian column with a Paschal Lamb
on top, in center at back a curved colonade of columns, at the bottom

110 Notes and Queries.

an Ark with Cherubims, three steps and a coffin, on top ol coffin are
a scull and bone and a large limb of Cassia one branch on steps, on
the right one sitting female figure Charity, with babe in arms and
two children at knee, one standing female, Wisdom, in attitude of
silence and one male figure, a Mason, working on a triangular stone.
J. J. Baralet, del* D. Edwin, Sculp*. Underneath is engraved a legend
in English and French as follows : — We the Worshipful Master,

Senior and Junior Wardens of | Lodge, N° of the most

ancient and honourable | Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons held

in | Do hereby Certify by our hands & seal That our worthy

Brother | was regularly entered passed and raised to the | sub-
lime degree of Master Mason and during his continuance with | us has
behaved himself as an honest faithful Brother and as such | we recom-
mend him to all ancient Brothers, withsoever Providence may order | his
lot. Anno Lucio 580.

W. M.

S. W.

J. W.

Philad* Secy OctoV 1st 1804 Published by
Wm Hy Abbott according to Law.

AN ALMSHOUSE DINNER IN 1799, to which the inmates were not
bidden : —
Honorble President and Board of Guardians of the Poor.

To John Cummings Dr.
Alms-house Nov. 7, 1799.

To Cash advanced, for the Accommodation of said Board,
the Mayor, Justices and other friends to the amount of
upwards of seventy Gentlemen to dinner on the 25th March
last, viz.:
A large round and standing rib (6 ribs) of Prime

Beef . . . . 63 lbs @ 9 . . £2. 7. 3

A saddle of excellent mutton 43 lbs @ 9 . . 1. 12. 3

2 Gammons, 28 lbs Belonging to the House. No
charge ........ —

3 dried Nts Tongues . . 5/ea . . .0. 15.

2 pair very large fine fowls . 8/3ea . . .0. 16. 6

2 pair ditto Ducks . . 7/6ea . . .0. 15.

2 pair ditto Wild ditto . 6/ea . . .0. 12.

2 Turkeys . . . 9/4/2ea . . .0. 18. 9

1 Very large fresh Codfish with Oyster Sauce . 0. 15.
6 lba Butter 12/.— Cheese 7/6— Nuts 7/6— Segars 15/ 2. 2.

Sundries from Mr. Benj. W. Morris for that day as

per his bill render' d to me . . . .9. 5. 9 J

15 Gallons Madeira Wine 22/6 . 16. 17. 6

£36. 17. £

NOTE, the Bread was bak'd here and therefore not Charg'd, neither
is the vegetables, Cooking, Candles &c &c.
Exd and pass'd Novr 7—99

S. G.

Novr 11th 1799 Paid in full

Notes and Queries. Ill

SCALES FOR THE PROPRIETOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. —

The Proprietor Dr.

1733 For a box of Scales & Weights for gold & silver . . 0 : 15 : 0

a case to a nest of Weights . . . . 0 : 6:0

a Pair of Scales . . . . . . 0: 10: 0

another Large Pair -. . ... 0: 15: 0

a Weight 32 oz Troy 0:4:0

Two needles for Surveying & a Center . . 0: 12: 0

2: 0

Phila. llbr ye 10th 1733

Peter Stretch James Steel

Pay this Bill and place
it to my acco*

£3.2 T. PENN

(Endorsed)

Rec'd fall Contents of yc within this 11th day of ye 12th mo 01
James Steel

Peter Stretch.

BILL OF DOCTOR JONES FOR CURES. — This bill is remarkable from
the evidence of success in all the cases cited ; the charges are not for
treatment, but for cures, and the bill was found among the papers of
the estate of John Russell ; Orphans Court, Philadelphia, 1719.

W. M. MERVINE.

John Russell Do*

To Doctor Jones.
1717

July 31 to Curing his Seruants knee . . . . £1

to 2 vamitts for his 2 daughters . . . . . - 4 -

to Curing his mans foot . . . . . 6

to curing his leg . . - . , .- • • 6

to vamitt for sd man . . ,;. . ». . 2

to a vomitt for wif . . . . . - . 36

to Curing his Daughters foot . ' . . . 3

to Curing her sore Eye ; 3

£2.7.6

CONSTABLE'S STAVES DISTRIBUTED IN NORTH NEW JERSEY, 1680.—
The following is written on the reverse of inventory of the estate of
John Gordon, of Elizabeth Town, N. J., 1682.

Gentlemen

Being Lately at Woodbridge and Never-Sinks ffind : both places desti-
tute of their Constables Staves wch is a Great Neglect, at woh Sr Edmund
is much displeased, Wherefore I desire y° fforthwith to dispearse them
to ye Severall Towns and officers, or return them to me : and Send for-
ward ye inclosed wch is all at prsent from

Yor humble Serv1

W" PIPE
New York 30th Aug* 1680

112 Notes and Queries.

LETTER OF RICHARD TEA TO THE COUNCIL OF SAFETY, OF
PENNSYLVANIA. —
GENTLEMEN/

I have been at a great deal of pains and trouble to draw out Colonel
Hunters Battallion (who is absent at the Assembly) in order to join
General Washington, when it was the duty of every Man to shew his
attachment to the general cause ; but the influence of the Torys (for I
can call them nothing else) in his Battallion is such, that not Fifty ever
met, agreeable to your orders of the 18. January last — I have sent down
one Abraham Latcher, who calls himself a Menonist, and that his con-
science will not let him take up Arms. But his Conscience does not
prevent him from riding to a Township Meeting, where they were called
together in order to make themselves ready, to declare publickly that
the Col: had no orders for doing what he did, nay he went so far as to
say that the present Assembly were no legal Body, as to myself, he has
made it his Business to go to a publick House and there declare he
would use me ill if any oppertunity offered, for detaining his Gun,
which was taken from him as a Nonassociator, I have sent the Wit-
nesses with the party, and make no doubt the Council will deal with
him in a proper manner, there is a number of others, but for want of
evidence, and people to take them, I am afraid they will escape, who
deserve to be confined

I have a letter from the Speaker of the House, requesting me to go
down and take my Seat in the Council of State, but cannot think
of leaving my family in the humour the People are in at this time, if
some method is not taken to make this Battallion do their Duty, I must
resign.

I am Gentlemen

Your most obedient

humble Serv*

EICH. TEA

The Honble Council of Safety

EXTRACTS FROM THE RECORDS OF MIDDLESEX COUNTY, NEW
JERSEY. — Contributed by William M. Mervine.

At ye Court of Sessions held att Piscataway the 3d Tusday in June
Anno Dom : 1685.

John Smith ship Carpanter late of Amboy Perth and said to belonge
unto Cap1 Pearsons Ship was this day taken att Piscataway by Vertue
of a Hue & Cry granted by Major James Giles at ye Bequest of the said
Pearson : Contents ; To carry & convey ye said Smith on board the said
Pearsons ship. The Court of sessions then sittinge in Piscataway The
said John Smith made his Application to y° said Court alledginge y* ye
said Pearson alteringe his first pretended voiage, by law & custome of
Navigation the said Smith was not bound to go alonge with him the
Court refers ye whole matter between the said Pearson & Smith to ye
Governor ye said Smith to remain in ye custodie of ye Sherife till ye
Governors pleasure be knowne in ye premisses

EDWARD SLATER

Clarke

A Protest by ye Capt &C : of ye Ship Elizabeth Gaily

Bee It Remembered by this Instrument of Protest, that the Ship
Elizabeth Gaily of London of the Burthen of Seaventy Tons or there-

Notes and Queries. 113

aboute whereof Joseph Harrison is Master Did sett sail on ye Tenth day
of September Last from the Harbour of Portsmouth In the Kingdom of
Great Britain bound for Philadelphia In the Province of Pensylvania,
during which Intended Voyage the said Ship Elizabeth Gaily did meet
with Extream bad weather, — Particularly on the tenth, twelth, thir-
teen & Nineteenth of October, and on ye third — fourth, Ninth &
twenty first days of November following, All which times she was forced
to lye by, sometimes shifting her Ballast &c ; to her very Great Damage.
The twenty ninth of the said Month of November, Wee made the Land
as we Judged between Cape May & Great Egg Harbour, the thirtieth At
Eight A Clock In the morning Wee Bore away, the wind at south West
Blowing very hard which made our Entrance Into Delaware River Im-
possible, and having (Even at short Allowance) at most but four days
Provision on Board The Vessell very Leaky both In her upper & Lower
works, The wind being fair for Sandy Hook on the second day of this
Instant December wee arrived there, whence wee came on the fifth to
this Port of Perth Ainboy, For these Reasons wee do hereby Solemnly
Protest as well against the seas as Against All Persons whatsoever who
may or shall Claim any Damage or Damages or Account of the Above
Recited Protest. Done at Perth-Amboy In the Province of New Jersey
this fifth day of December In the year of our Lord 1715

Capt. Joseph Harrison
John Levett Cheff mate
Mathew Gl eaves second Mate
Richard Bishop A Passenger
Martin Nicolson Carpenter

Jurat Quinto die Decembria Anno predict : Coram Nobia
Ad : Hude Moses Balph John Barclay
Justices.

LETTER OF ROBERT BOYD TO JASPER YEATES, 1774.—

DEAR SIR,

I have your favour of May tenth by me for some time which I shall
take an opportunity of answering when I have better materials in the
mean time I must not suffer such a mistake to take deep root in your mind
as that about the Turtle — tho I have been as you know foolish enough
sometimes to indulge in a glasa of Wine yet I never relished high
seasoned food I hate it I repudiate it — Turtle dear Sir I never let enter
my mouth and I have not been explicit enough in my account of de-
bauching at a Turtle Feast where I only amused myself with an 18*
chicken of such I am sure your son John could eat a pair — but I did
justice to the claret — therefore sustained an attack of my Hobbihorsical
Disease. I hope Lancaster is become a more sociable place — You have
some new hands who no doubt attempt to cut a Figure you will have
the addition of Mr. Prevost & his Family — I believe they will not
attempt to be very showey or extravagant tho his pay & perquisites are
very considerable but he is a prudent sensible man & one if you can
have time to renew your acquaintance with you will find very descrying
— Mrs. Prevost has been in the school of affliction the loss of her children
has contributed much to impair her health but I need not say that Mrs
Shippen, Mrs Yeates & your connexions will do every neighborly office
that can tend to smoothe the way and shew true Friendship & humanity.
VOL. XXIX. — 8

114 Notes and Queries.

— It is with pleasure I can inform you that I have spent these two days
past with our old friend Duncan Camil he has been five Months absent
and returned here on his way home from Jamaica with Mr. Prevost he
has been at Jamaica trying to get part of his Brother's Estate but it
seems has not and has employed Lawyers on the affair — he says he makes
out but so so on the farm & in confidence told me he is trying to pur-
chase the Capt. Leutenancy of the 60th now in Jamaica — where it
appears the military officers have considerable profits & are on the
whole on a much better footing than in any other place — The accounts
from the northward are that affairs continue in much the same state as
when the last paper came out — Our Committe meet today — I believe
to try if they can fix on any plan of opposition — A report is in Town too
that Virginia and Maryland will resolve not to Export or import — Such a
measure I fear cannot be got into here the peoples passions are not in the
least aroused-— nothing but calmness coolness win among the Presbiterians
— If some hot headed fellows would set about to abuse Benj Franklin I
think it might do America some service but the late accounts have
closed every mouth— I do not believe that any number of our merchants
will be readily engaged in a non importation agreement & non exporta-
tion is high treason. I shall write to you again soon — in the mean
time, excuse haste — 1 intended only to write to you about Mr. Prevost —
& will answer your Letter & give you a touch of Politicks soon — in the
mean time remember me to my old Friends Mr. Shippen, Mr Myers,
& particularly to Mrs Yeates Mrs Ewing & the Family & believe me to
be unalterably yours & theirs

KOBT. BOYD

Thursday 25 May [1774]

Mrs Boyd you know desires her compliments but I have sworn that
if she does not write to Mrs Yeates soon that I will not trouble my head
about her.

ROBERT PROUD' s ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE OF GERMANTOWN. —
On the 4th of the 10 mo. about 4 o' Clock in the Morning, there being a
Fog, the Out Posts of the British Troops about Chestnut Hill, and the
further End of German Town, were (I suppose unexpectedly) attacked
by Washington's Army ; They were driven in, and many brave English-
men cut off by great Superiority of Numbers, before they could be suffi-
ciently relieved. The Action continued many Hours, in Orchards,
behind walls, Houses, and in the Streets and Fields adjoining, as far as
to about the Middle of German Town, and some other Places (ab* 7 or 8
Miles dist. from the City) till the British Forces, being collected from
their different Quarters, opposed, repulsed and pursued the Rebels
several Miles, with considerable Slaughter.

They returned to their former Quarters in the Evening, having taken
several hundreds of Prisoners, who are come to the City. During the
latter Part of the Action a Party of the Rebels appeared on the opposite
side of the River Sculkil, at both the Ferries, fired over the River with
Canon at a few Guards who were placed on the City Side to secure the
Boats and Passes. The Fire was returned, and they soon went off.
This Action, at one Place or other, either in Attack, Pursuit, or Retreat,
continued till Night, when many of the Wounded were brought into the
City, in about 50 Waggons.

Notes and Queries.

115

ABSTRACT OF THE MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE OF JOSEPH BAKER
AND MARY WORRILAW, 1709. —

Marriage Certificate of Joseph Baker, Jr. son of Joseph and Mary
Baker of Edgemont Township, Chester Co. Pa., and Mary Worrilaw,
daughter of John and Ann Worrilaw of the same place, at the Meeting-
house in Middletown, in Chester Co. on the 18th day of the 3rd month,
1709. Signed as follows :—

Caleb Pusey Joseph Baker

Natha : Newlin Mary Baker

John Lea

Benj : Mendenhall John Worrilaw

Moses Key Ann Worrilaw

Nicho : Fairlamb Robert Baker

John Martin John Baker

John Worrall Peter Baker

Aaron James Sarah Baker

Jacob Howell Alice Worrilaw

James Thomas Walter Worrilaw

David Davies Jacob Simcock

William Pennall Alice Simcock

Thomas Martin
Joseph Edy
Tho : Warner
Nehemiah Ogden
Philip Yarnall
Dorothy Yarnall
Rebecah Harlan
Jane Davies
Elizabeth Key
Sarah Yarnall
Jos. Selby

George Mendenhall
George Maris
John Maris
Richard Maris
Daniel Hoopes
Jane Hoopes
William Beakes

Edmond Beaks
Hannah Yarnall
Char : Whitecher
Susana Maris
John Yarnall
Peter Yarnall
Jno: Simcock, Jr.
Mary Simcock
Mary Harvey
John Mendenhall
Jno. Simcock, Senr
Evan Lewis
Jacob Simcock, Sean.
Ben : Simcock
Alice Lewis
Joseph Baker
Mary Baker

FAMILY RECORDS CONTAINED IN THE BIBLE OF JONATHAN PLATTS.
The following entries were transcribed by Mr. Clarence AlmonTorrey,
of the University of Chicago, from a bible (printed by Matthew Carey, in
1811), in the possession of his mother, Mrs. Susan *Almira Roe Torrey,
and formerly belonging to Jonathan Platts. From various sources Mr.
Torrey determines the maiden names of the married women mentioned
in the entries to be these : wife of Jonathan Platta, Rebecca Keen ; wife
of Enos Veal, Letitia Platts ; wife of Jesse Keen Platts, Rachel Mar-
tindale ; wife of Watson Roe, Eleanor Platts ; wife of David Platts,
Letitia Gilman ; wife of Jonas Keen, Mary Hall. The Benjamin Keen,
son of the last named, born September 1, 1759, was, no doubt, the person
commissioned June 4, 1783, Lieutenant in Captain Platts's Company,
Second Battalion, Cumberland County, New Jersey, Militia, and not the
Benjamin Keen, son of Mounce Keen, mentioned in PENNSYLVANIA

116 Notes and Queries.

MAGAZINE vol. iii. p. 447. Mr. Torrey supplies these data, hoping to
elicit further information as to his family from some reader of the
MAGAZINE.

BIRTHS.

Jonas Keen senr was Born August 31st 1728.

Mary, wife of Jonas Keen, was Born April 2d 1728.

Jesse Keen was Born January 25th AD 1757.

Benjamin Keen was Born September 1st AD 1759.

Jonas Keen was Born September 23 AD 1762.

Kebecca Keen was Born July 4th AD 1765.

Jacob Keen was Born October 13th AD 1769.

Ephraim Keen was Born January 18th AD 1771.

Mary Keen was Born September 28th AD 1772.

Jesse Keen (son of Jonas Keen Jur. and Phebe his wife) was born
October 26th AD 1784.

Benjamin Keen (son of Jesse Keen and Margarett his wife) was Born
February 9th AD 1787.

Lydia Keen (Daughter of Benjamin Keen & Laodamia his wife) was
Born December 24th AD 1788.

DEATHS.

Jonas Keen senr Departed this life February 13th AD 1787, being
58 y 5 mo 12 days.

Mary Keen Departed this life February 2d AD 1797, being 68 y &
10 mo old.

David Platte senr Departed this life July 2d AD 1805.

Jonas Keen Platts Departed this life December 5th 1798.

Lettitia Sheppard, formerly widow, of David Platts Departed this life
May 4th AD 1814 aged seventy-three years and thirteen Days.

Lettitia G Veal Departed this life July 1st 1824 aged 24 years & 22
days.

Rebecca P Veal Departed this life August 29 1823.

Jonathan Platts Departed this life June 22d 1838 aged 66 years 6
months 15 days.

Eebecca Platts, widow of Jonathan Platts, Died Aug 6th 1850 Aged
85 years 1 month and 2 days.

MARRIAGES.

Jonathan Platts & Kebecca his wife were married April 15th AD 1794.
Enos Veal & Lettitia his wife Married April 19th AD 1817.
Jesse Keen Platts & Kachel his wife were married July 23d 1818.

In vain does Hymen with religious vows,
Oblige his slaves to wear his yoke with ease,
A privilege alone that love allows,
Tis love alone can make our fetters please.

Watson Koe & Eleanor his wife were married Nov. 23. 1820.
Benjamin Keen Platts & Jane his wife were married February 19th
1824.

David R Platts & Sarah his wife were married September 3d 1833.
David Platts & Lettitia his wife were married January 25th AD 1763.
Jonas Keen and Mary his wife were married May 9th 1756.
Jonathan J Platts & Tabitha his wife were married December 3d 1833.

Notes and Queries. 117

BIRTHS.

David Platts son of Moses Platts was born March 25th AD 1739.

Lettitia wife David Platts was Born April 21st AD 1741.

Rachel Platts Daughter of David & Lettitia Platts was Born May 25
AD 1764.

Lettitia Daughter of David Platts & Lettitia his wife was Born
August 6th AD 1767.

Jonathan Platts Son of David and Lettitia Platts was born December
7th AD 1771.

David Platts son of David & Lettitia his wife was Born September
12th AD 1774.

Eleanor Platts Daughter of David and Lettitia his wife was born
May 25th AD 1776.

David Platts son of David & Lettitia Platts was Born February 18
AD 1781.

Jesse Keen Platts son of Jonathan & Rebekah Platts was Born Feb-
ruary 3d AD 1795.

Benjamin Keen Platts son of Jonathan & Rebekah Platts was Born
January 25th AIM 797.

Jonas Keen Platts son of Jonathan & Rebekah Platts was Born No-
vember 13th AD 1798.

Lettitia Oilman Platts Daughter of Jonathan & Rebekah Platts was
Born June 9th AD 1800.

Eleanor Platts Daughter of Jonathan & Rebekah Platts was born
September 21 AD 1802.

David Rittenhouse Platts son of Jonathan & Rebekah Platts was Born
March 29th 1805.

Jonathan Jarmin Platts son of Jonathan & Rebekah Platts was Born
May 16th AD 1811.

EXTRACTS FROM THE ORDERLY-BOOKS OF LIEUTENANT WILLIAM
TORREY, ADJUTANT OF THE SECOND MASSACHUSETTS LINE. Contrib-
uted by Major A. A. Folsom, of Boston, Mass. —

Head Quarters, White Marsh,

Pennsylvania, Novr 28th 1777.
His Excellency Genl. Washington's Orders,

Att a General Court Martial Held the 24th Instant of which Colo.
Grayson was President, Major Ross charged with leaving his Arms in
the Field, in the action of the 4th of October, near Germantown, was
Tryed, and Acquited with the highest Honor. The Commander-in-
Chief approves the Courts Judgment. Major Ross, is released from his
arrest.

Head Quarters,
New Windsor 8& July 1779.

Genl. Mulinburgh is to Relieve the l§t Penn** at the forrest of Dean
Tomorrow Morning.

At a Brigade Gen1 Court Martial in the I11 Penny* Brigade July 5th
1779, Colonel Humpton President, Neil M'Gonigal, Soldier in the 7th
Penny* Reg1 was Try'd for desertion, from his Guard, at an advanced
Post, proceeding towards the Enemy, and opposing the Party who took
him ; the court are of opinion the Prisoner is guilty of the several
charges Exhibited against him, and in consequence of his former bad

118 Notes and Queries.

Character and his late conduct, do Unanimously sentence him to suffer
death. The Comdr in Chief confirms the Sentence, and Orders said
McGonigal to be Hanged next Saturday 10 o'clock in the Forenoon, in
such place as Genl. Putnam shall direct.

After Orders of the Commander-in- Chief.

July 18, 1779.

The Light Troops commanded by Colo. Meigs, Major Hull, and Major
Murphey, are to Join those Under the Immediate Command of General
Wayne, and the whole to be Formed and Exercised under the direction
of that officer.

Gen1 Nixon will move his Brigade to the Gorge of the Mountain, near
the Continental Village ; and supply the place of the Light, and other
Troops withdrawn from that Place.

Gen1 Washington's Orders.

20th July 1779.

If the Troops wanting Arms have not been Supply'd, they are to be
Furnished out of those brought from Stony Point, and not a moment's
time to be lost in doing it.

Head Quarters Moores House,

21. Aug. 1779.

Brigadr Tomorrow Gen1 Gist.

At a G. C. Martial of the Line whereof Colo. Kussell is President,
held the 1 1th Inst. Capt Ashmead of the 2d Penna Regiment was Tryd
for being drunk in the time of the assault on Stony Point, in the morn-
ing of the 16th of July last, and behaving rediculously and unbecoming
an officer at the Head of his Company in crossing the Morass.

2dly. For disobeying the Gen1 Orders by frequently Huzzaing, during
the approach towards the Enemys Works, to the Prejudice of good order
and military discipline, and tending to promote confusion among the
Troops at that critical Juncture.

The Court do unanimously agree that Capt. Ashmead is Not Guilty
of the first charge, and do therefore acquit him of it, but we are of
opinion that he is Guilty of the second Charge, being a Breach of the
latter part of the 5th Article 2d Section of the Articles of War, they are
of opinion that the breach of Orders which subjects Capt. Ashmead to
be found guilty, agreeable to the Articles of War, did not proceed from
willfull or designed disobedience of Orders, but from an Involuntary
Impulse of the Mind owing to Inadvertency, and do therefore Sentence
Him to be repremanded by His Excellency in Gen1 Orders.

Capt. Ashmead's Conduct was certainly reprehensible, and of such a
Nature as has a Tendency to defeat the most Important, and best con-
certed Enterprizes.

At a G. C. Martial whereof Colonel Marshall is President, the 1st Sept.
1779.

Cap4 Ashmead of the 2d Penns. Regt. was Try'd for disorderly Be-
havior in the Light Infantry Camp, and refusing to depart from Col°
Butlers Reg* when ordered ; The Court are unanimously of Opinion that
Capt. Ashmead is not guilty of the Charges Exhibited against him, and
do acquit him with Honor.

It is with real regret the Gen1 finds it out of his power to approve the
sentence of the Court with [out] Contradicting his own Judgement, what-
ever may have been the propriety or Impropriety of Colo. Butlers refusing
Capt. Ashmead, the Command of the Light Inf* Company and puting

Notes and Queries. 119

him in Arrest with the attendant circumstances on which the Gen1
wishes not at present to pass an opinion, Capt. Ash meads Conduct in
disobeying the arrest, coming upon the Parade and in defiance to Colo.
Butlers orders to the Compy declaring that if any Non Commissioned
officers and Privates should disobey him he would confine them for it
and swearing he would have the Command, was certainly Irregular, and
disorderly, Capt. Ashmead appears to have carried the principle of a
written arrest too far, for necessity often that verbal ones, should be for
the present obligatory, and the common practice of Armies Justifies
them ; if Capt. Ashmead conceiv'd himself injured and Irregularly de-
prived of his proper Command, the true Line of conduct, would have
been to demanded Justice, and reparation by complaing first to Gen1
Wayne ; and if he did not pay proper attention to it, afterwards to the
Commander in Chief, open defiance, and opposition from an Inferior to
his Superior Officer upon a Parade, must in every well regulated Army
be deemed a breach of Order and discipline.

Capt. Ashmead is released from arrest, and to wait further Orders
for his destination.

Head Quarters Septr 9^ 1779.

Parole Oronoque, 0.

Brigadier tomorrow, Irvine.

The President of the Court of Enquiry on Colo. Hay, has Informed
the Command' in Chief by the Unanimous Voice of the Court, that
Colo. Hays Conduct in the matter of Enquiry, was found not only Un-
exceptionable but commendable, as a faithfull Servant of the Public,
and as Mr Banker might be thought of for further Employment, the Court
thinks themselves bound in dutty to say, that however he might have
heretofore suffered in his private affairs, and might be in Needy circum-
stances and withal a Well Meaning man, he appeared to the Court to
want that knowledge, activity, and address, necessary to discharge the
offices he held, or any other where the Execution is attended with diffe-
culties and Embarrassments.

VALUABLE MANUSCRIPTS OF 1650-1651. — The following interesting
and valuable manuscripts have been donated by John F. Lewis, Esq.,
to The Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

Att a Councell of Warr holden abord the States Shipp Triumph the
24th Day of February 1650 About a dozen Leagues of off the Rock of
Lisbourne.

Wee whose names are here under written having scene an order from
the General Is of the Fleete directed to Captaine Edward Hall that in
case he meet with Captn Wm Penn they were to resolve upon a way that
should be most advauntagious to the Comonweulth And the same order
also intemating some orders formerly given by the Generalls of the
Fleete to Captn Wm Penn for following & destroying Rupert and his
Adherents And the same orders not yet being come to Captn Penns
hands.

The Question being propounded whither (in prosecucon of Captn Halls
orders and the order herein intemated to have been given to Captn
Wm Penn from the Generalls of the Fleete not yet receaved) the said
Captn Penn with his Squadron shall forthw* sayle for Cadiz and send

120 Notes and Queries.

for his said orders hither and there fitt his said Squadron for further
service or wther the said Captn Penn shall still remain upon this Coast
also sending for his said orders.

Eesolved upon the Question that the said Captaine Wm Penn shall
forthwith sayle with his Squadron to Cadiz and send for his said orders
intimated hither and fitt his Squadron for further Service.

Edward Hall

Will Rand Wm Penn

Walter Hoxton Ja : Peacocke

Edward Maplesden Joseph Jordan

At a councell of Warre on board the ffairfax in the bay of Calary
May 8, 1651
Present

Capt. Wm Penn Admu Capt John Lawson

Capt Andrew Ball Capt John Mildmay

Capt Joseph Jordan Capt. Sam. fibres tt

Capt Ben. Blake Capt. Kobt. Saunders

There being now in this road three English merchante ships of London
(viz) the Gunne, Capt. Spencer commander : Thomas Bonaventure,
Capt. Henry Commander ; Society, Capt Lucas Commander ; bound for
London ; who are engaged each to other in the summe of 5001 sterling
for company keeping and assisting each other in fight with enemies, or
any other casualty ; The question being put (they having promised to
touch at Ivi§a for the company of the great Alexander, if wind and
weather permit, and to enter into the like engagement with the com-
mander of the said Alexander, if he saile in their company for London)
whether it is thought safe to send the said Alexander with them for
London, and that the Adm11 write a letter to Capt com-

mander of the said ship to that purpose.

Resolved by all present, that it is thought safe upon the termes aforesaid
to send the said ship Alexander in their company for London, And that
the Adma write to Capt. to authorise him to saile with

the ships aforesaid upon such engagements as are above expressed, in
case they touch at Iviga as aforesaid.

Jo : Lawson Wm Penn

John Mildmay Joseph Jordan

Ben. Blake Sam : Howett

Andrew Ball Robt Saunders

At a Councell of warre on board the ffairfax Adm11 off the Island
Maritimo July 16, 1651
Present

Capt Wm Penn Adm" Capt John Lawson

Capt John Mildmay Capt Andrew Ball

Capt Joseph Jorden Capt Sam Howett

Capt Ben. Blake Capt Rob* Saunders

Resolved by this whole Councell, that the ffieet forthwith make saile to
get in between the Islands Maritimo, ffavagnano & Levenso, for the fit-
ting of the prizes lately taken, as also for watering, & other things here-
after mentioned.

ffurther that two ffriggatts be thence sent in to Trapano, to fetch off the
rest of the bread that is there made ready for this ffleet, & to make an
end of all the business of the fleet there.

Notes and Queries. 121

ffurther, that Capt. Mildmay in the Nonesuch & Capt. Blake in the
Assurance, be sent to Palermo, with the prize (St. Esprit) to sell (if it
may be) the said prize with hir loding, consisting of goods ;

And tallow their friggatte ; which being done, to use their best endeav-
ours to meet the rest of the ffleet at Messina. But in case they meet with
any grand obstacle (at their arrival at Palermo) to the doing of what is
above expressed, that then without delay they make their best speed
for Messina, as aforeSaid.

ffurther, that the rest of the ffleet & prizes (getting done all their affaires
at Trapano & the Islands aforesaid) endeavour thence directly for Mes-
sina by the way of Cape Passaro & Malta, or (if winds prove contrary)
by the other way. The reasons of making Messina the Rendezvouz of
the ffleet, are too many to be here inserted.

Ben. Blake Wm Penn

Jo : Lawson Joseph Jordan

John Mildmay

Andrew Ball

Sam : Howett

EXCERPTS FROM THE DAY BOOK OF JOSEPH RICHARDSON, SILVER-
SMITH, OF PHILADELPHIA, 1733-1740. — In the Manuscript Department
of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania are three Day Books of Joseph
Richardson, of Philadelphia, a silversmith of high repute, from which
the following excerpts have been selected. Specimens of his handi-
work have been preserved by descendants of the purchasers.

Israel Pemberton JurP. 1 Gold Girdle Buckel ; 1 Gold Thimble ; 6 Tea
Spoons, Tongs and Strainer ; 12 spoons ; 2 pair Salts ; 1 set Castors ; 2
Porringers ; 1 Waiter ; 1 pair knee Buckels ; 2 Butter Dishes ; 2 pair
Gold Buttons ; 1 Pap Boat ; 1 pair Shoe Buckels ; 1 gold Locket ; 1 pair
Silver Buckels. Jane Fenn. 1 pair Shoeclasps ; 1 Strainer, 1 soup
spoon ; 1 pair Salts ; 1 pair shoe and knee Buckels ; 1 pair Castors ; $
doz. Teaspoons. Charles Willing. I pair Gold Buttons ; 1 link of Gold
Buttons. William Hudson Junr. 1 pair knee Buckels, 1 double neck-
lace of Coral ; 18 coat and 46 Jacket Buttons. Samuel Redman. 1
Coral necklace ; Coral and Bells ; 1 set Gold Buttons. Isaac Norris.
1 pair Gold Buttons ; 6 large Spoons ; 2 pair Shoe Buckels, for Charles ;
1 pair Gold Shoe Buckels ; 1 pint Silver Can ; 1 pair Tea Tongs ; 1 pair
stock Buckels ; 1 pair knee Buckels. Caspar Wistar. 4 Porringers ; 1
Pepperbox ; 1 pair Salts ; 4 Buttons ; 1 pair Knee Buckels. Samuel
Rhoads. Watchkey, Silver Stay Hook ; 1 Silver Porringer ; 1
Gold Locket ; Set of Gold Buttons ; 1 pair Silver studs. Samuel
Powell Senr. 2 pair Buckels for self and grand child ; 6 teaspoons and 1
pair of Tongs. William Fry. Shoes and knee Buckels ; 6 Tea spoons ;

1 pair Tongs ; 1 stock Buckel ; Chain and strainer to Teapot ; Cloak
clasp ; 3 Studs. Mary Lyle. 1 pair Gold Buttons ; 1 pair Cloak clasps ;

2 Porringers ; 1 milkpot ; 6 Teaspoons ; 1 pair knee Buckels. Joseph
Morris. 1 pair Buckels ; 1 pair Gold Buttons. Clement Plumsted. 1
Silver head for whip ; 2 Pap spoons ; 1 pair Shoe Buckels ; 1 set Gold
Buttons ; 1 pair Tea tongs ; 1 gold stock Buckel. Ruth Burden. 8 square
Milkpote ; 1 pair Stay hooks. George Fitzwater. 6 Spoons ; 6 large
spoons for daughter Hannah. Thomas Hodge. 1 large Stock Buckel ; 1
pair Gold Buttons. James Steel Senr. 1 pair Tea Tongs ; 1 pair knee
Buckels ; 1 Thimble for grand daughter ; 2 Porringers ; 1 pair Buttons

122 Notes and Queries.

for grandson. Richard Peters. 6 Teaspoons and tongs. Daniel Smith.
1 pint Can ; 1 Pepper box ; 1 Brass Jack ; 1 silver Tankard ; 6 spoons ;
1 set Gold Buttons ; 1 stock Buckel. Edward Jones. 1 silver Tankard,
£17.18. Robert Bishop. 2 Gold watch chains. Samuel Powel Junr.
Gold Locket ; Pepper and Mustard Castor, 1 pair Salts. Richard Wain.
1 pair Gold Buttons ; 1 pair Women's, 1 pair men's Buckels ; 1 pair
knee Buckels. Samuel Blunston. 1 Silver Coffee Pot ; 1 Silver Tank-
ard ; 2 Porringers ; 1 Can ; 1 Waiter and cup. John Bringhurst. 1 pair
Salts and shovels ; 1 Silver Can. Isaac Zane. 1 Clock and case, £15.
Anthony Morris. 1 Tankard, 1 pair Cans ; 6 Porringers. Anthony Morris
Junr. 1 Gold Girdle Buckel. Reece Meredith. 1 Gold Locket. George
Boone. I set Gold Buttons. Lawrence Growdon. 1 Arch Moon Clock
and case, £19., 1 doz. knives and forks, ivory handles ; 1 Gold Girdle
Buckel ; 1 pair Silver Buckels ; 1 set gold Buckels ; 1 pair shoe and
knee Buckels. George Emlen. 1 Gold Girdle Buckel and 1 set Gold
Buttons, for his daughter ; 1 link Gold Buttons for self; 3 large Waiters ;
1 Tankard ; 1 pair double joint Tea Tongs ; 1 pair Shoe Buckels ; 1 pair
Silver Cannisters ; 3 soup spoons ; 1 doz. table, 1 doz. Custard spoons ;
1 pair Salts and shovels. Samuel Preston. 1 pair Stock Clasps, for
Preston Carpenter. Jane Kirkbride. 1 Gold Girdle Buckel ; 1 head for
whip. Abraham Bickley. 1 pair Shoe Buckels ; 1 qt Can ; 6 Teaspoons.
Joseph Armatt. 1 Gold Locket ; 1 Arch. Clock and case. Thomas Hop-
kinson. 1 Mourning Ring, £2.2.9. John Ladd. 1 Silver Teapot £9.8.
Richard Hill Junr. 1 gold Ring ; 1 Silver Bowl ; 1 pair shoe and knee
Buckels ; 1 stock Buckel. Thomas Robeson. 4 Silver spoons ; 1 Gold
Locket; 1 milkpot, 1 double necklace of Coral. Edward Roberts. 1
pair Salts ; 1 pair Castors ; 1 Can.

LETTER OF HON. WILLIAM HENRY, OF LANCASTER, TO HON. JOSEPH
REED, PRESIDENT OF PENNSYLVANIA, 1779. —

LANCASTER November 27, 1779

SIR,

I am informed one John Musser of this Town has lately purchased a
Tract of Land of about 500 Acres, commonly known by the name of the
Connestoga Manor, of John Penn, late Governor of Pennsylvania, for
Nine Pounds the Acre hard money. At the Time the Lands in this part
of the Province was purchased of the Delaware Indians this was Reserved
and a Deed was made to them and their Heirs &c. The Indians who
resided on it were killed by a number of People in a former War and
the Deed fell into the hands of John Hay then Sheriff of Lancaster
County, who delivered the same to Mr John Penn. This piece of Land
was afterwards claimed by Sir William Johnston in behalf of the Heirs,
in consequence of which the use of the Land was given to Mr. Thomas
Barton, who is gone over to the enemy. Mrs. Susanna Wright could give
I believe a more satisfactory account of this affair than I can. It may
be proper perhaps to enquire into this affair. I have therefore thought
it my Duty to give all the Information I have been able to collect.

I am with due Respect

Sir
Your obed* hum. Servant,

WILLIAM HENRY.

His Excellency JOSEPH REED Esq.

Notes and Queries. 123

PRINTED FORM OF AFFIDAVIT, UNDER ACT OF PARLIAMENT, 1678,
FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF THE WOOLLEN TRADE. — The size
6J x 5 inches, with rude engraving of skull and cross-bones at top,
and skeleton in coffin in the margin. A penalty of £5. was inflicted
on anyone burying a body in a shroud made of any other stuff than
wool.

SURRY, ss.

I one of His Majestys Justices

of ye said County

Do hereby Certify that ol

the Parish of

before me and made Oath, That

of the Parish of.

lately Deceased, was not put, wrapt, or wound up, or Buried in any Shirt,
Shift, Sheet or Shroud, made or mingled with Flax, Hemp, Silk, Hair,
Gold or Silver, or other than what is made of Sheep's Wool only ; nor
in any Coffin lin'd or faced with any Cloth, Stuff, or any other thing
whatsoever made or mingled with Flax, Hemp, Silk, Hair, Gold or
Silver, or any other Material, contrary to the late Act of Parliament

for burying in Woollen, but Sheep's Wool only. Dated the day

of. Anno Domi 1714.

Signed and Sealed by us Witnesses [SEAL]

present at the taking this Oath. [SEAL]

Queries.

TASK. — In Irving's "Life of Washington," vol. ii.,p. 32, we read
of a Colonel Tash being ordered by General Washington, to repair to
Fishkill with a regiment of New Hampshire militia. Is anything
further known about Colonel Tash ? Was he a native of New Hamp-
shire and are any of his descendants living? Information desired by
M. C. Tash, 200 N. Thirty-Fifth Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

PENNSYLVANIA, A POEM. By a Student of the College of Phila-
delphia. Printed in Philadelphia by B. Franklin and D. Hall, 1756.
Who was the author ? J. C. W.

DERICKSSON. — Lars Petersson married, December 29, 1713, Catharine
Dericksson, Swedesboro, New Jersey, Protestant Episcopal Church
Record, p. 299. Who were the parents of Catharine ? C. H. C.

•Replies.

PENNSYLVANIA, A POEM. It is claimed that Jacob Duche, Jr.,
is the author of Pennsylvania, A Poem. ED. PENNA. MAG.

124 Notes and Queries.

JBoofe notices.

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. By the Right Hon. Sir George Otto
Trevelyan, Bart. 2 vols.

The volumes which have been published, deal with two distinct
phases of the struggle of the American colonies of Great Britain for
independence. In the first we have the account of the abortive efforts
to avert a struggle, and the growing hostility among the colonists, which
culminated in the definite severance of the tie which had held the
American colonists as subjects of the British crown ; the landing of
Howe's army and the creation of the colonial forces under Washington,
and closes with the skirmish at Lexington. The second volume deals
almost exclusively with the momentous year 1776 ; the effect produced
by the news of the affair at Lexington and the battle of Bunker Hill,
upon public opinion in England ; the capture of New York and the
inconclusive campaign, terminating in Washington's successes at Trenton
and Princeton ; and the conflict of opinion in England on the merits of
the issues raised by the rebellion of the colonists and the efforts made to
suppress it.

As to the conflict of opinion at home Sir George Trevelyan lays the
whole responsibility of the struggle on George III. " The King was his
own prime minister, and as autocratic a Prime Minister as Whitehall
has ever seen. The King's policy caused the war ; the King kept it
going, long after everybody except himself was weary of it ; and in
1782 that war was terminated against his will by nothing except a
peremptory injunction from the English people, who, if they had been
properly represented in Parliament, would have brought it to an end
long before." Another contention which Sir George seeks to establish
against the King is that, if despotism had been once established in the
American colonies, arbitrary government at home would certainly have
followed.

This history of the American Revolution, by a British historian, is
justly regarded by students and historians of both England and America
as the most adequate history of the great controversy that has been
written. It is finely planned, possesses a gracefulness and strength of
style, with so intimate a knowledge of the events of which he writes,
and his judgments and sympathies so fully accord with those of our
best historians, that we hardly know which part to select for special
commendation.

GASS'S JOURNAL OF THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION. By
Sergeant Patrick Gass, one of the persons employed in the Expedi-
tion. Reprinted from the edition of 1811, with facsimiles of the
original title-page and the five original illustrations, a reproduction
of a rare portrait of Gass, and a Map of the Lewis and Clark route.
With an analytical Index and an Introduction. By James Kendall
Hosmer, LL. D. Chicago. A. C. McClurg & Co. 8vo, pp. 298.
Illustrated. Price, $3.50 net.

Especially timely, owing to the marked interest in all matters that
pertain to the history of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, is the reprint
of the Journal of Patrick Gass. Gass's narrative for a number of years,
was the only source from which any authentic knowledge of the great

Notes and Queries. 125

enterprise could be obtained. When at last the work based on the
diaries of Lewis and Clark was given to the world, the earlier book was
found to be most important, as confirming and supplementing what had
been recorded by the Captains. And Gass's narrative, which is as sim-
ple as may be, has the interest which any first hand narrative of danger
and adventure, must always carry, and recommends itself to the general
reader as a pleasant and lively description of an untrodden region.

In Dr. Hosmer's admirable Introduction he pays a tribute to the rank
and file of the expedition, and sums up the character of Sergeant Grass
himself as well as the importance of his Journal. ' ' Gass belonged to the
wheel-horse type of men. He was quite without initiative. Led, however,
and restrained by a commanding intelligence, with his course distinctly
marked out for him, held to his work by some harness not to be escaped,
he could draw — none better — at weighty responsibilities. He stands in
an humble place, but it is in the forefront, among the pioneers who
wrested the continent from savagery — rough, indomitable, without pre-
tence, heading fitly the rank and file of Lewis and Clark." The work
is printed from old style type, with facsimiles of the quaint old illus-
trations of the •original edition and a rare portrait. It is uniform in
style and binding with the other volumes in McClurg's Library Eeprints
of Americana. There is also a large paper edition with illustrations on
Japan paper, limited to seventy-five numbered copies, price $9.00 net.

THE HISTORY OF NEGBO SERVITUDE IN ILLINOIS AND OF THB
SLAVERY AGITATION IN THAT STATE, 1719-1864. By N. Dwight
Harris, Ph. D. Chicago, 1904. A. C. McClurg & Co. 8vo, pp.
276. Illustrated, $1.50 net.

Negro slavery was introduced into what was then known as the
"Illinois Country," about the year 1744, by the way of the Mississippi,
and there, in spite of much opposition it maintained its footing until
1845, when a decision of the Supreme Court of the State showed that
slavery could not exist there. Nevertheless, under the "voluntary"
indenture system many negroes were retained under bondage. Emanci-
pation within the State was completed by the Supreme Court in 1864,
and the following year the Legislature wiped from the statute books the
" Black Laws. " How the slavery problem was argued and fought over ;
the origin of the Liberty Party and the Free Soil Party, the Free Soil
Democratic and Republican parties ; how the fugitive slave laws were
defeated by means of the "Underground Railroad ;" how the best men
of the country came to see that the question was one of justice and
national honor ; how it inspired Trumbull, Lovejoy, Stephen A. Doug-
lass and Abraham Lincoln, is all clearly and forcibly set forth in this
book. In the execution of this task Prof. Harris has expended much
time and patient research, and has drawn his information, as far as pos-
sible, from original sources, to all of which he refers in his footnotes and
appendixes. Portraits of prominent anti-slavery citizens and a facsimile
of an Underground Railroad advertisement, add interest to the text. A
helpful index is appended.

HEINRICH GERNHART AND HIS DESCENDANTS. By Jeremiah M.

M. Gernerd. Williamsport, 1904. 8vo, pp. 315.
Heinrich Gernhart emigrated from the Palatinate to Pennsylvania in
the year 1765, and first settled in Northampton County ; thirty years later

126 Notes and Queries.

he removed to Berks County, and after a short residence there, to Turbot
Township, Northumberland County. His descendants are scattered over
twenty-six States, and the genealogical data of the seven generations
which the compiler has gathered, is valuable and interesting. The
brief biographical sketches of many members of the family, with their
military service in the Civil and Spanish wars, is carefully arranged for
convenient reference. The work is well printed and bound ; the text
very liberally illustrated with portraits ; and it is a valuable contribu-
tion to Pennsylvania genealogy. Copies may be had by addressing the
compiler at Muncy, Penna. ; price $4. 50.

CHRONICLE OF THE YERKES FAMILY WITH NOTES ON THE LEECH
AND KUTTER FAMILIES. By Josiah Granville Leach, LL. B.
Philadelphia, 1904. 4to, pp. 262. Printed for private circulation.

The Chronicle of the Yerkes Family, Col. Leach's latest book, is not
only an important contribution to our local genealogy, but it is also a
beautiful art book. The numerous photogravures are exquisite and the
title page and decorations, fine examples of the designer's skill. It is
printed with clear black type, on special handmade white paper, with
wide margins, and bound in attractive style.

The Chronicle had its inception in 1848, when John K. Yerkes began
the collection of the records of the family in Pennsylvania. After his
death, the manuscript passed into the possession of Judge Harman
Yerkes, of Bucks county, who made material additions, and finally to
Col. Leach, who completed the work and prepared it for publication.

Anthony Yerkes, the founder of the family in Pennsylvania, came
into the Province about the year 1700, and settled at Germantown,
where in 1702, he became one of the burgesses. In 1709, he purchased
a plantation of 300 acres, watered by the Pennypack Creek, in the
Manor of Moreland, and removed his family thither, since which time
the business activities of his descendants have been chiefly exerted in
the line of agriculture, although the ministry, the bench and bar, the
military service and finance, have had prominent representatives. The
notes on the Leech and Rutter lines of the family are valuable. A full
index has been prepared, so that names may be readily traced.

JENKINS FAMILY BOOK, BEING A PARTIAL RECORD OF THE DESCEND-
ANTS OF DAVID JENKINS AND GENEALOGICAL NOTES OF FAMILIES
INTERMARRIED WITH THEM. By Robert E. Jenkins. Chicago,
1904. Pp. 244. Price, $5.

Family history is one of the most absorbing of subjects, and the com-
piler of this volume acknowledges the interest and pleasure with which
he pursued his genealogical researches, and he has executed his task
clearly and well. It is a real and important contribution to Pennsyl-
vania genealogy. David Jenkins emigrated from Wales about 1700,
and settled in the Great Valley of Chester County. His son John, born
1711, married Rebecca Meredith, and later removed to the Conestoga
Valley, of Lancaster County, where he became a well known iron-master,
and left a large estate. The old homestead has continued in the family
through all succeeding generations to this day. It was descendants of
the fifth generation, who left the ancestral environment in Pennsylvania,
and went west and southwest. The volume is divided into five parts :
Jenkins Genealogy; Maternal Ancestors of the Children of Robert

Notes and Queries. 127

Jenkins of Clark County, Missouri ; Ancestors of Marcia (Raymond)
Jenkins ; Masters Memoranda ; Logan Memoranda. The Jenkins
genealogy and the larger portion of other facts collected, have not been
heretofore published. An index of Jenkins names and one of other
names than Jenkins, will aid the reader. Copies of the volume may be
obtained from the compiler, 89 Madison Street, Chicago, 111.

A SHORT CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. By
Francis Newton Thorpe, A.M., Ph.D. Little, Brown & Co. Bos-
ton, 1904. 8vo, pp. 459. Price, $1.75 net.

This book will fill the need, so often expressed, of a good, modern,
one- volume text-book in American constitutional history. Its basis is
the material consulted in the preparation of the author's larger works :
"A Constitutional History of the American People, 1776-1850," and
"The Constitutional History of the United States, 1765-1895." The
chapters on the State constitutions treat of a subject too much neglected.
A study of the subject quickly reveals its importance. Since 1865 the
thought of Americans has turned chiefly to national matters, not with-
out a distinct decay of interest in commonwealth affairs. Yet it is in
the State constitutions adopted since 1865 that one may read the record
of serious attempts to adapt the written form of government to the im-
mediate needs of the people. The Constitution, with citations of cases,
printed as an appendix, is taken from the Manual of the Senate of the
United States. In addition to a general index to the volume, there is a
special index to the Constitution.

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE : AN INTERPRETATION AND
AN ANALYSIS. — By Herbert Friedenwald, Ph.D. New York.
The Macmillan Company, 1904. 12mo, 299 pp.
The first part of this book consists in a review of the rise of the
independence sentiment, and of an original interpretation, based on a
close study of the sources, of the means by which independence was
brought to consummation, through the ceaseless energy and persistence
of a few of the more radical members of the Continental Congress. In
the second part an account is given of the adoption and the signing of
the Declaration, respecting which a considerable amount of new and
hitherto unused material has been discovered. This is followed by an
elaborate analysis of the Declaration, explanatory of the meaning of
each paragraph of the document from the view-point of the Fathers.
The concluding chapter describes the popular reception accorded to
the Declaration throughout the states upon the occasion of its promul-
gation.

ANNUAL PROCEEDINGS PENNSYLVANIA SOCIETY OF SONS OF THE
REVOLUTION, 1903-1904. Edited by Ethan Allen Weaver. 8vo,
pp. 91.

The year book of this patriotic society, in addition to the lists of its
officers and standing committees, contains the report of the Board of
Managers, with its valuable necrological roll ; an account of the dinner
given to commemorate the birth of General Washington, and the ad-
dresses of George F. Baer, Esq. , Rev. Dr. Kerr Boyce Tupper, and Hon.
Hampton L. Carson ; and the Evacuation Day address of Rer. Cyrus
Townsend Brady at Valley Forge, June 18, 1904. A reproduction in

128 Notes and Queries.

colors of the flag of the First Pennsylvania Continental Line regiment,
and the standard of the Commander in Chiefs Guard, are attractive
illustrations.

WOODHULL GENEALOGY. THE WOODHULL FAMILY IN ENGLAND
AND AMERICA. — Compiled by Mary Gould Woodhull and Francis
Bowes Stevens. Philadelphia, 1904. 8vo, 422 pp. Illustrated.
This attractive compilation is divided into four parts : The Wood-
hull Family in England, 1066—1620 ; The Woodhull Family in Amer-
ica, 1620 — 1904 ; Genealogical Appendix, and Biographical Sketches,
to which is added a comprehensive index of fifty-six pages. The com-
pilers have expended a great amount of labor upon the records, and
displayed ability in the arrangement of the material. The book is well
printed and neatly bound, and contains many portraits of prominent
members of the family. The family arms in colors is the frontispiece.
Copies may be obtained of the publishers, Henry T. Coates & Co., or
the compilers.

A SHORT HISTORY OF OREGON. By Sidona V. Johnson. Chicago.

A. C. McClurg & Co., 1904. 329 pages.

This work has been primarily compiled for those whose mani-
fold duties preclude the possibility of acquainting themselves with his-
torical details. It is divided as follows : Part I, discovery ; Part II,
Exploration by the Lewis and Clark expedition ; Part III, settlement ;
Part IV, territorial and State government ; Part V, Indian wars, which
subjected the settlers to harassing anxiety, wanton treachery, and massa-
cre ; Part VI, the last, is devoted to phenomenal progress and develop-
ment. The plan of the work is well conceived and executed, and it
will be helpful to the many who are not in position to read voluminous
history. The illustrations add much to the interest of the volume.

THE PAPERS OF CAPTAIN KUFUS LINCOLN OF WAREHAM, MASS. —
Compiled from the original records. By James Minor Lincoln.
Privately printed 1904. 8vo, 272 pp.

Rufus Lincoln of Wareham, Mass., entered the Continental service
in 1775 as a sergeant in the company of minute-men fromTaunton, and
was honorably mustered out in 1783, as a captain in the Seventh Mas-
sachusetts Line. His papers consist of diaries, written while in the
army and a prisoner of war ; circular letters to the army and army
friends ; company rosters and books, (the latter reproduced in facsimile),
and a list of the prisoners of war on Long Island, August 15, 1778.
The publication of these papers is an important contribution to the his-
tory of the times with which they deal. A few copies are for sale at
$5 per copy, and may be obtained from the compiler, No. 405 Lenox
Avenue, New York City.

THE

PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.

VOL. XXIX. 1905. No. 2.

GUSTAVUS HESSBLIUS.

THE EARLIEST PAINTER AND ORGAN-BUILDER IN
AMERICA.

Gustavus Hesselius was born at Folkarna Dalarne,
Sweden, in 1682, and came of a family distinguished for
piety and learning.1 Two of his brothers were commis-
sioned by the king, Charles XIL, to go to America and
preach the Gospel to the Swedes on the Delaware. Andreas,
the eldest, arrived at Christina, now Wilmington, Delaware,
on May 1, 1711, and was accompanied by his brother the
artist, of whom the Swedish record states, " Magister Hes-
selius' brother, Herr Gustaff Hesselius, a portrait painter,
came up some days after with their things by boat from
Apoquinema," [below New Castle] ; and a later entry,
u Mons. Gustaff Hesselius after a few weeks flyted, on account
of his business, to Philadelphia." Shortly after this his
brother Andreas joined him in Philadelphia, and they paid
their respects to the Deputy Governor, Charles Gookin,
" when these Honorworthy gentlemen showed him their
passport and commission and Gov. William Penn's letter
from London, and thereupon were received very favorably."

1 The editor of THE PBNNA. MAG. HIST. AND BIOG. is mainly in-
debted to the researches of Charles Henry Hart, Esq., for the compila-
tion of this sketch.

VOL. xxix.— 9 (129)

180 Gustavus Hesselius.

Within two years of their arrival in New Sweden, Mag-
ister Hesselius married Sarah Wallrave, and Gustavus seems
not to have been long behind him, for on July 29, 1716, a
son of Gustavus and Lydia Hesselius was baptized in Trinity
Church [Wilmington] , and named Andreas, for his brother,
the pastor, who had succeeded Provost Bjork. In 1719, a
younger brother, Samuel, came over to take charge of the
church and relieve his brother Andreas, who had been re-
called, and returned to Sweden in 1723. The Hesselius's
maternal uncle was the celebrated Dr. Jesper Svedberg,
Bishop of Skara, and father of Emmanuel, commonly called
Swedenborg.

Shortly after the arrival of his brother Samuel, Gustavus
Hesselius removed to Prince George's County, Maryland,
where in the parish church of St. Barnabas, of which Rev.
Jacob Henderson was rector, he was given " the first com-
mission on record for a work of art for a public building in
America." In June of 1720, the Vestry engaged him to
paint the church, and in August following, " to paint ye
Altar piece and Communion Table, and write such sentences
of Scripture as shall be thought proper thereon."

On Tuesday, September 5, 1721 : " The Vestry agrees
with Mr. Gustavus Hesselius to draw ye History of our
Blessed Saviour and ye Twelve Apostles at ye last supper,
ye institution of ye Blessed Sacrament of His body and
blood, proportional to ye space over the Altar piece, to find
ye cloth and all other necessaries for ye same (the frame
and gold leafe excepted wch. Mr. Henderson engages to
procure and bestow on ye Church) Mr. Hesselius to paint ye
frame for all wch. ye Vestry is to pay him wn. finished
£17. currt. money. And Mr. Henderson further engages
to have it fixed up over ye Altar at his own cost." As late
as July of 1725, Hesselius was employed to paint "the
Altar and Railes of ye Communion Table." What has
become of this painting is unknown.

" That more than seven years prior to the arrival in this
country of John Smibert," writes Mr. Hart, " who is com-

Gustavus Hesselius. 131

monly regarded as the father of painting in the colonies,
an elaborate altar-piece of the * Last Supper,' with thirteen
figures — Christ and the twelve disciples — should have been
commissioned to be drawn by a resident artist for a public
building, surely marks an epoch to receive more than pass-
ing consideration."

How long Hesselius continued to reside in Maryland is
not known, but he was back again in Philadelphia in 1735,
for in that year he purchased a house and lot on the north
side of High Street below Fourth, where he resided until
his death, May 25, 1755. On September 26, 1740, he quali-
fied as a citizen of Pennsylvania. That he continued his
vocation on a broad scale is evidenced by an advertisement
in the Pennsylvania Gazette for December 11, 1740 :

Painting done in the best manner by Gustavus Hesselius from Stock-
holm and John Winter from London. Vig. Coat of Arms drawn on
Coaches, Chaises, &c., or any kind of Ornaments, Landskips Signs,
Shew-boards, Ship and House painting, Guilding of all sorts, Writing
in Gold or Color, old Pictures cleaned and mended &c.

He seems to have been at times much unsettled in his
religious convictions, for he swerved from the Swedish
Lutheran Church to the Church of England, thence to the
Moravians (through the preaching of his fellow-countryman
Rev. Abraham Reinke), and back again to the church of
his fathers, through the influence of his son-in-law, Rev.
Erick Unander, and was interred at Gloria Dei Church, at
Philadelphia.

Between the years 1743 and 1750, the name of Gustavus
Hesselius appears on the registers of the Moravian Church
at Philadelphia ; and in the diaries of that congregation,
and the correspondence between Bishop J. C. F. Cammer-
hon° and Count Zinzendorf, we find frequent personal refer-
ence made to him. In 1745, " Bro. Hesselius has a scheme
to go to Maryland again," and in February of 1748, he
exhibited in one of his windows, his painting of the < Cruci-
fixion/ which attracted attention. We also learn of another
claim to distinction for Hesselius — that of being the first

132 Gustavus Hesselius.

organ-builder in the colonies. In 1746, he built a pipe-
organ for the church at Bethlehem, for which he was paid
£25., after it had been put in place by his foreman John
Klemm. A description of this organ and an account of
the first time it was used by the Rev. J. C. Pyrlaeus, is on
record. In his will he specifically gives to his son John
" my chamber organ."

The portraits herewith reproduced of Gustavus Hesselius
and his wife Lydia, (painted by himself), have come down
through their grand-daughter who married Adolf Ulric Wert-
miiller, the artist, and were presented to The Historical Soci-
ety of Pennsylvania by the late Charles Hare Hutchinson
Esq. The Society also possesses another from his easel, that
of Robert Morris, the father of the "Financier of the
Revolution."

Gustavus Hesselius, in his will, names the following
living children :

I. Elizabeth, b. June 8, 1724, m. Oct. 16, 1745, at Christ

Church Philada.,to Samuel Price; m. 2dly

Brainerd, of Mt. Holly K J. ; d. 1793 of Yellow
Fever.

H. John, b. 1728. Subscriber to Philadelphia Dancing
Assembly 1749 ; m. Jany. 30 1763 Mary (b. 1735),
only child of Col. Richard Young and widow of
Henry Woodward, of Primrose Hill, near An-
napolis, Md., by whom she had four daughters.
From 1764 to 1766, vestryman of St. Ann's
Parish, Anne Arundel Co., Md. ; d. April 9, 1778,
and buried at Bellefield, on the Severn River, an
estate of 1000 acres which he devised to his son
John, charged with legacies to his unm. daugh-
ters Charlotte, Caroline and Eliza Dulaney.
Children of John and Mary Hesselius named in

his will :
John, md. Mary Wharton, and had

Mary Young, m. Dundas.

Rachel, m. Smith.

Gustavus Hesselius. 138

Charlotte, b. June 14, 1770, m. June 5, 1792,
Thomas Jennings Johnson; d. 1794, and had
a daughter who m. Hugh W. Evans.

Caroline, m. 1st Claggett ; 2d De Butts.

Eliza Dulaney, b. 1775, m. June 5, 1792, Walter
Dulaney Addison, d. July 81, 1808.

III. Sarah, m. August, 1746, Walter Porter, d. circa

Dec. 1783.

IV. Lydia, m. David Henderson May 15, 1756, at

Gloria Dei Church, Philada. He was ad-
mitted to bar in Aug. 1755, and d. circa
March, 1784. She d. Jany. 13, 1796, and
buried in St. Paul's church-yard, Philada.
Jssue :

John, b. March 1, 1757; appointed Sept. 19,
1777, by warrant from Benjamin Flower,
Colonel and Commissary General Military
Stores, " Superintendant and Conductor of
the Painters in the Middle District," at Car-
lisle, Penna. His business was that of a
coach painter (see PENNA. MAG. Vol. xxvii,
p. 374). He was also organist of St. Paul's
church, d. Nov. 24, 1792, and buried in the
church-yard.

Gustavus Hessdius, d. Jany. 7, 1784, and buried
in St. Paul's church-yard. He was a Sur-
geon's Mate in the 7th Penna. Line, and also
served in Hospital, until reorganization of
army in 1781. Appointed by Commodore
Gillon a Surgeon in the navy of South Caro-
lina, and served on the frigate South Carolina.

Lydia, m. Jany. 8, 1801, by Eev. Nicholas Collin,
to Adolf Ulric Wertmiiller, the distinguished
Swedish painter; d. Jany. 17, 1812, aet about
50. Buried at Gloria Dei Church Philada,

134 Extracts from the Diary of James B. Longacre.

EXTRACTS FROM THE DIARY OF JAMES B.
LONGACRE.

[James Barton Longacre was born in Delaware County, Pennsylva-
nia, August 11, 1794. His earliest forefather in this country was Anders
Langaker, a Swede, who was settled on the banks of the Delaware be-
fore 1648. At school he excelled in drawing and mathematics, and at
an early age began to study engraving in Philadelphia. From 1819
until 1831 he illustrated some of the best works published in the United
States, as for instance, Sanderson's "Lives of the Signers." In 1833,
with James Herring, of New York, and afterwards alone, he issued
" The National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans/' in which
many of the engravings were from sketches by his own hand. Of this
important publication no less an authority than W. Loring Andrews
said, in 1902, "It is a book which deserves to be well bound, for it
contains the finest cabinet-sized steel engraved portraits ever executed
in this country. This truth we have been slow to recognize, as also
the fact that the book is becoming difficult to find." From 1844 until
his death, Mr. Longacre was engraver to the United States Mint, and
designed all the new coins that were struck during this time, such as the
twenty-dollar, the three-dollar, and the one-dollar pieces, the nickel five-
cent, the three-cent, and the small copper one-cent. In 1867 by permis-
sion of the authorities in Washington, he was employed by the govern-
ment of Chili to remodel the entire coinage of that country, following
their original designs made in France. The reason for this recoining,
was the slight relief of the original coins, which permitted them to be
too easily worn away. Mr. Longacre felt this to be a gratifying public
approval of his own coin work. He died in Philadelphia, on January
1, 1869, aged seventy-four years.— A. M. L.]

Tuesday July 12. 1825. — Left Philad* in company with
Mr. Jno. Neagle in the Steam Boat Trenton for New York.
On account of the lowness of the tide in the Delaware the
boat landed her passengers 6 miles below Trenton on the
Pennsylvania side, where the stages were waiting. We
suffered from the heat of the weather and the dust in
riding. "We arrived at Bunker's, Broadway, New York
about 7 P. M. Much genteel company at the house, among
the rest Gen1 Lafayette.

Extracts from the Diary of James B. Longacre. 135

Wednesday July 18. — We found the accommodations at
Mr. Bunker's very agreeable. Made an engagement to go
out'with Mr. Henry Pickering, at 10 o'clock; in the mean-
time Neagle and I called on Mr. Catlin, Rem. Peale and P.
Maverick respectively. Visited the Academy of Fine Arts
withJMr. Pickering, in co. Messrs. Neagle and Catlin. Saw
Col. Trumbull, who showed us a beautiful miniature of a
protege of his, a fine looking young man in a British mili-
tary dress, painted by Robertson of London, brother to Mr.
Robertson of the N. Y. Academy. The statues in the N.
Y. Academy are in better preservation than those in the
Penn* Academy. We then visited the panorama of Athens
by Barker, under the care of Mr. Yanderlyn; — it is the
largest and the best, in many respects, I have seen. I do not
think it superior, if equal, to the panorama of Paris by the
same artist in effect but the execution is unrivalled, particu-
larly that of the figures. But even the effect is such that a
little enthusiasm will transport the spectator, in imagination,
to Modern Greece. We called then, to see Mr. Paff's col-
lection of paintings ; some of the old pictures are valuable
and curious. A sketch by Rubens, in color (Mars and
Yenus) is undoubtedly genuine ; two heads by Rembrandt,
very good, — a curious small painting, (Esther before Ahas-
uerus) which is called a Yan Dyke. In the evening, with
the same company, took a walk through the Castle Garden.
The scene was to me, novel, gay, and exhilarating; the
handsome appearance of the ladies, the lights, the music,
the refreshing sea breeze seemed to breathe upon the soul
an air of enchantment.

July 14' Thursday. — Mr. Neagle, Mr. Catlin and myself
set out to visit some of the artists in the morning. We
called first on Mr. Morse, found him well, and were very
handsomely received by him, and much interested by his
conversation, which, on almost every subject but particularly
on the arts, is rich and instructive. He had a very fine por-
trait nearly finished of Prof. Silliman, of Yale College. It
would do credit to any painter with whose works I am ac-

186 Extracts from the Diary of James B. Longacre.

quainted. From his house, walked to that of Mr. Durand
the Engraver. Saw some of Mr. Durand's paintings in oil :
they are certainly very respectable, and would bear an ad-
vantageous comparison with the works of most of our pro-
fessional portrait painters. The remainder of this day I
spent at Mr. Maverick's, making some alterations in the
plate of Dewitt Clinton.

Friday July 15. — I went with Mr. Pickering to see a col-
lection of lithographic engravings ; some were very favour-
able specimens, particularly a set of views in Venice, printed
on India paper — the sketchy groups of figures, animals and
pieces of landscape were very meritorious. Mr. ISTeagle and
I called on Mr. Wall. I saw but a few of his paintings, but
they were sufficient to give me a very high idea of his powers.
Though always an admirer of water colour paintings, I did
not know their excellence before — the perfect illusion, par-
ticularly of the still water in Mr. W's paintings surpasses
any work of the same character in oil that I have ever seen.
Mr. Neagle Mr. Catlin and myself took a ride in the after-
noon around the environs of the city of N. Y. in company
with Mr. Maverick — returning, took tea and spent the even-
ing with Mr. M.

Saturday July 16. — Mr. N". and I took our passage on
board the Olive Branch Steam Boat for Albany. On ascend-
ing to the upper deck I was agreeably surprised to find
seated under the awning Mr. S. of Philad* his lady and
sisters. The ladies like myself were strangers to the scenery
of the Hudson River and the pleasure of contemplating for
the first time its grand and beautiful banks was greatly
heightened by the communication and interchange of our
mutual impressions. In the morning the Palisade rocks on
the west side elicited our admiration, but these were almost
forgotten in the afternoon and evening through the magnifi-
cence of the Highlands. The most impressive, wild and new
to me were the rocks on the water side near West Point,
rising out of the water, smooth and bare like a leaning wall
overhung by the most beautiful bushes and evergreens.

Extracts from the Diary of James B. Longacre. 137

Immediately after passing West Point we perceived the
celebrated ruins of Fort Putnam, partly hid by the mantle of
trees and shrubbery which covered its lofty and commanding
site. We lost these beautiful hills and the sunshine nearly
at the same time. We took our last look at them from
the town of Newburgh on the west bank where the Steam
Boat stopped for a few minutes and the night soon after
closed around us, bringing a most refreshing coolness. The
night was pleasant, and much to my regret Mr. S. and his
company were to leave the Boat at Catskill where we ex-
pected to arrive at 11 or 12 o'clock P.M. Mr. ET. and
myself determined to keep them company on deck. At the
request of thet ladies we brought up our flutes and played
some airs together, and on some were accompanied by the
voice of one of the ladies. Our music though simple ap-
peared to delight the strangers by whom we were sur-
rounded and its salutary effect was remarked by one of the
ladies, and I believe by us all, in regard to their behaviour.
We had witnessed some degree of rudeness during the day,
as indeed might be expected in such a motley collection,
but our little plaintive melodies seemed to quiet every bois-
terous feeling and we experienced nothing but the most
respectful attention. We accompanied Mr. S. and his inter-
esting party in the boat which landed them at Catskill and
in the darkness of the night took leave with strong feelings
of regret. It was the closing scene of a day to which I shall
long look back with pleasure.

July 17. — The Steam Boat arrived at Albany a little before
6 A.M. We took our seats in one of Mr. Young's stages
(after some annoyance from the drivers and owners of va-
rious coaches and stages soliciting our custom) for the Sara-
toga Springs where we arrived about 2 P.M. after a warm and
not very comfortable ride. I should except, that the coach
on account of its spring-cushion seats was so remarkably
easy that, combined with the melting influence of the atmos-
phere, it rocked and swung the whole party to sleep, except
the driver. We took dinner at the United States, with two

138 Extracts from the Diary of James B. Longacre.

Bostonian gentlemen who rode with us from Albany, Messrs.
Draper and Lamsden whose intelligence and agreeable man-
ners made us regret parting with them. We found on
inquiring at Albany that the stage for Boston by way of
Bennington, V* ran but three times a week (we had pre-
viously agreed to adopt this route) so we decided to take
the first stage leaving Albany at 2 A.M. on the 18th. This
made it necessary for us to procure a conveyance from the
Springs, so as to meet the stage at Lansingburg before 4
A. M. "We left the Springs at 6 o'clock P.M. & reached
Lansingburg about 11.

July 18. — We took our seats in the stage about daylight,
and after travelling through an interesting and varied coun-
try we reached Bennington at 11 A.M. and soon after began
to ascend the Green Mountains. We reached Brattleboro'
about 9 P.M. and were called to take the stage for Boston
at 15 minutes past twelve.

July 19. — Before daylight we found our stage filled with
passengers, taken up some for Boston and some for other
places on the road. The day proved very warm, and being
crowded in the stage our situation was far less pleasant than
on the preceding day. We breakfasted at Athol, dined at
Lancaster, Mass, and arrived at Boston about 11 P.M. stop-
ping at The Exchange where the accommodations are good
in most respects.

July 20. — We took a carriage and called on Mr. Stuart,
were very handsomely received by him ; his age does not
appear in the least to have impaired his faculties so far
as judgment and conversation are concerned. His powers
are still displayed in his most recent pictures ; they are full
of likeness and animation. We then went out to Bunker's
Hill and saw the foundation stone of the monument to be
erected. Returning, called on Mrs. Burr and agreed to take
boarding with her the next day. In the afternoon we rode
over to Cambridge Port to call on Mr. Dowse; left my
letter without seeing him. We then went to Cambridge,
saw the College; a beautiful situation, spacious buildings,

Extracts from the Diary of James B. Longacre. 139

lawns and handsome trees. We proceeded afterwards to an
elegant village and settlement called Brookline, through a
delightful country. In the evening, at 8 P. M. we called on
Mr. Allston at Rouillard's Restorator. Found him at din-
ner; we sent up our letters, (our names having been re-
quested); after waiting a few minutes Mr. Allston entered the
parlour, and received us very cordially. He took us up to
his dining room (quite private) and invited us to partake
of his wine and cigars. His appearance indicates delicacy
of temperament and constitution. He, however, said he
was well. "We conversed on various subjects, generally
connected with the arts till 11 P.M.

July 21. — Mr. I. P. Davis accompanied Mr. Neagle and
myself to the Athenaeum where we saw a fine head by
Stuart of the founder Mr. Perkins, among a variety of in-
teresting and tasteful objects. There is a copy by Leslie of
B. West, after Sir Thomas Lawrence, presented to the in-
stitution by my friend Mr. Pickering. We then went with
Mr. Davis to Faneuil Hall, saw a fine military whole length
portrait of Washington by Stuart of which I had not before
even heard. In the afternoon went with Mr. G. W. Pratt
to see Allston's Florimel at Mr. Williams'. Then to Mr.
Pratt's to see the portrait of Col. Pickering by Stuart, a
most noble painting. There were some other good paintings
and fine engravings : one by Longhi of Milan after Raphael ;
a fine mezzotint of the Chapeau de paille from Rubens.

July 22. — Neagle went to see Stuart and showed his
portrait of Mr. Carey, which he had nearly faltered in, in
spite of all my exhortations and entreaties.

July 23. Saturday. — In the morning I called on Mr.
Stuart — much interested in his conversation from 11 till
nearly 2 o'clock. We were in his painting room. Among
other things he told me that the portrait of Washington
from which Heath's engraving was made, was painted by
him (Stuart) for William Bingham of Philadelphia, and de-
livered under an express stipulation that it was not to be
copied or engraved. Mr. Bingham subsequently presented

140 Extracts from the Diary of James B. Longacre.

the picture to Lord Lansdowne, without any reference to this
stipulation. After the engraving was published and offered
for sale in Philadelphia to the surprise and vexation of
Stuart, he called on Mr. Bingham and reminded him of the
stipulation under which he had parted with the portrait, the
fact of which was not denied. But on asking Mr. Bingham
how he proposed to compensate him for the injury he had
sustained by the publication of the print, Mr. Bingham re-
plied— " Have you anything to show for it ?" — which ended
their intercourse, Stuart leaving him abruptly and indig-
nantly without further remark. Went later with Mr. I. P.
Davis to see the portraits of J. and J. Q. Adams at Mr.
Cruft's. Mr. Cruft politely offered me an opportunity of
copying the head of J. Q. Adams by Stuart. We then
called to see a portrait by W. West, (now in Europe), on
which picture so many encomiums had lately been passed in
the papers ; did not think it extraordinary.

July 24-, Sunday. — Visited the Methodist Church Brom-
field Lane in the morning. In the afternoon called on Mrs.
S. daughter of Mr. Stuart, & went, by her previous invita-
tion to Dr Greenwood's church. Called later for Mr.
beagle to go to Mr. Stuart's to tea. Spent the evening
most agreeably indeed in the rich and instructive conversa-
tion of Mr. Stuart.

July 25. Monday. — From 12 to 2 with Mr. Stuart's
daughters. Then Neagle and I visited the painting rooms
of Mr. Alexander, Mr. Mason, Miss Goodridge and Miss
Schetky ; saw only the ladies.

July 26. — Took a carriage at 8 o'clock, called for the
daughters of Mr. Stuart and Miss Wheeler, a niece of Dr
Bigelow, and went out to Cambridge Port to see the collec-
tion of Mr. Dowse. Most remarkable are the water colour
copies from the Marquis of Stafford's collection. They are
exquisitely beautiful, and surpassing in delicacy of execution.
Dined with Dr Taylor. Called on Mr. I. P. Davis, went
with him to see Leslie's portrait of Sir W. Scott at Mr.
Ticknor's, also a painting by Mr. Allston. Then to see Mr.

Extracts from the Diary of James B. Longacre. 141

Codman's collection. A superb still-life painting, Flemish,
some beautiful landscape and cattle pieces. Spent the even-
ing at Mr. Stuart's with his family and Misses Schetky
and Goodridge.

July 27. Wednesday. — Began a drawing at Mr. S. A.
Wells' of Samuel Adams from Copley. Dined and spent
the evening with Mr. Allston. He was pleased to speak
very handsomely of my engravings, particularly the small
portrait of Jackson, said the head alone would not disgrace
the best engravers of the English school. He has had only
two of his designs engraved and published, both of which
he is dissatisfied with ; a third, he paid for the plate (25
guineas) to prevent its being published. He speaks in the
highest terms of Sir Joshua Reynolds, considers him supe-
rior to Van Dyke, and the founder of the excellence which
distinguishes the modern English schools of painting and
engraving.

July 28. — Finished my drawing of Mr. Samuel Adams or
sufficiently so for the time. Spent the evening at Mr.
Stuart's.

July 29. Friday. — Began my drawing of Col. Pickering
from Stuart's painting in possession of Mr. Wm Pratt. Went
with Mr. Allston, who called on Mr. Neagle and myself for
that purpose, to see a fine painting by Stuart of Gov. Phil-
lips, at the Hospital. We accepted Mr. Allston's invitation
to dine with him at Rouillard's at 3 o'clock P.M.

July 80 Saturday. — I took passage on the SteamBoat
Patent for Nahant, at 9 A.M. and had a fine opportunity of
seeing the beautiful harbour of Boston ; in going down ob-
served the porpoises and seals swimming in the harbour.

July 81. — In the afternoon went with Mr. beagle and Mr.
Stuart's four daughters to Dr Gardner's church. Heard the
Dr preach a funeral sermon on Mrs. Winthrop.

August 1. Monday. — At work on my drawing of Col.
Pickering.

Aug. #**.— At the same.

Aug. Srd. — Finished my drawing of Col. Pickering. Com-

142 Extracts from the Diary of James B. Longacre.

menced, at Mr. Cruft's my drawing of J. Q. Adams, from
portrait painted by Stuart Aug. 1818.

Aug. 4th . — At the same.

Aug. 5th. — Still with my drawing of J. Q. Adams.

Aug. 6th. — Finished my drawing of J. Q. Adams, to the
satisfaction of Mr. Cruft who is to write to the President of
the U. S. (whose property the picture is) for his permission
for me to engrave it, which Mr. Cruft is anxious I should do.

Met unexpectedly with Mr. Marston of the United States
Navy who had just received orders to join the Brandywine
Frigate, appointed to convey Gen. Lafayette to France.
Concluded to join him the following morning to set out
for Philad*. I saw Mr. Webster this morning at his office.
He thinks his portrait in the hands of Mr. Stuart will be
finished in October ensuing ; says he will call on me on his
way to the South in the autumn. I called in the afternoon
to take leave of Mr. Stuart's family, and in the evening on
Mr. I. P. Davis who was pleased with my drawings of Pick-
ering and J. Q. Adams ; he said he had conversed with Mr.
Stuart on the subject of my engraving the latter, who was
desirous that I should do it

Aug. 7. — Set out in the stage for Providence E. I. leaving
Boston at half past four, A.M. Arrived at Providence be-
tween 10 and 11 and reached Norwich, Conn, about half
past seven P.M. Took the Steam Boat Fanny, Capt. David-
son, for New York. Through the politeness and attention
of the captain I was enabled to deliver my letters while the
boat held on at the wharf at New London. We reached
New York about 2 P.M. Stopped at Bunker's.

Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary. 143

SOME LETTEES FEOM WILLIAM HAMILTON, OF THE
WOODLANDS, TO HIS PEIYATE SECEETAEY.

BY BENJAMIN H. SMITH.

(Continued from page 78.)

LONDON, November 2d 1785
DEAR SIR

Yours of the 28th of August I duly received & am happy to
hear the family at the Woodlands was then all well. This
is a satisfaction I had not for a long time experienced for
your preceding letter was dated in June. Anxious as I
am respecting my friends I must entreat you will not suffer
any opportunity pass without informing me how they all
are & how situated.

I observe your account of the state of the plants &c &c
sent last spring from this country & confess myself some-
what at a loss to understand it. You say for Instance " of
the cherries N° 4, 5, 7 & 8 are dead" but do not say that
each of the plants (of which there were 3 to every number)
is dead. Of the platanus orientalis l there were 12 plants, —
of N° 61 prunus padus Lusitanica2 there were 25, — of Rhus
eotinus* 6— of myrto cistus* 5 — of viburnum tinus angus-
tifol* 6 — of the Roses N° 2 included 12 plants ... & in
the lesser catalogue N° 10 included 50 Portugal Laurels.
Pray am I to infer that all the plants included under those
numbers are dead — pray are none of the eastern plane, the
Portugal Laurels (between 500 & 600) the evergreen sweet
Briar,6 Singletons Rose, the evergreen Rose, the moscheute

1 Oriental plane-tree.
s Portugal laurel.

8 Smoke-tree or Venetian sumach.

4 Hypericum balearicum L. , from Majorca.

6 Laurestinus, from Southern Europe.

* Rosa rubiginosa or eglantine, of Europe and Central Asia.

144 Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary.

double rose, the white Damask rose, the variegated Damask
rose, the yellow Austrian Rose, the Burgundy rose, the
monthly Portland rose, the monthly red rose & the monthly
variegated rose — now living ? If so at least 250 plants ex-
clusive of the fruits have gone to y* shades. By Captn
Willet there went 300 silver firs,1 500 Portugal Laurels, a
great number of Myrtles which you do not mention at all ;
are these all gone too ? Did not any of the seeds vegetate
of a Bushel of Horsechesnuts, a peck of Spanish chesnuts,
3 pound of pistichia, 11 quarts of Portugal Laurel, 5 pound
of silver Fir of the different cypresses Laurels, cluster pine,
stone pine, pine-aster, the different kinds of Broom & cytisus,
of 7 or 8 dozen of cedar of Lebanon cones ? or have they all
gone to the Dogs too ? When you recollect the expense &
trouble of sending these things & of replacing the Dead
ones, you will certainly advert to the necessity of sending
me the most particular account of them. I therefore
request that it may not be delayed. Another circumstance
should be punctually attended to i.e. to secure the tender
plants from the severe weather, otherwise all my pains will
have been to no purpose — Rims2 lavigatum, Rhus trifoli-
atum, silver convolvulus, phyllica ericoides, viburnum tinus
Sl Johns Bread 3 & all the Jasmines require a green House
& all those plants which you put into pots, such as the
magnolias, myricas &c should be also kept in the green
house. The Oistus's the Heaths, ekagnus, Ginkgo, Laurus's,
Tamarisks, Yucca glorioso, the Carolina mahogany,4' Zantoxylon
sempervirens &c, should be secured by skreens of Dry straw
or some other means, but by [no] means let dung be put to
their Roots for it will inevitably kill them. ... I have
also to desire that you will immediately on the receipt of
this get Mr Thomson to procure 2 dozen small fine plants

1 Abies pectinate, of Europe.

2 These two species of rhus and the Phylica ericoides are natives of
the Cape of Good Hope.

3 Ceratonia siliqua, of the Mediterranean region.

* Persea borbonia, a tree of the coast from Virginia to Texas.

Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary. 145

of the persimon, as many of the sassafras, & of the broad
leaved laurel and also of the dwarf laurel from the valley,
and a parcel of snake root plants, pack them well up in
moss & direct them to Robert Barclay Esquire at Clapham
to the care of Jn° & Robert Barclay & Co in London.
Besides these I must beg you to direct Mr Thomson to pack
up the same number of plants of the like sorts & two or
three dozen of Double Tuberose roots & forward them to
my address. The Roots should be put into dry sand & you
should endeavor to have them kept in a dry part of the
Ship. The plants must be packed in cases or Boxes with
that kind of swamp moss that grows at the Head of the
valley about the spot where the dwarf Laurels are (in the
manner which Mr Young used to put up his plants of
[which] Mrs Young will give you particular information).
If my stock of Tuberose roots should have been from any
accident exhausted you can be supplied by Jn° Slaughter
who lived when I left home in a new House at the upper
end of Arch St (the last next the common) where was a
very large quantity of fine ones.

You never mentioned what had been done with the
ground on the west side of the road to Mrs George's or
whether any Body had taken it to remove the Briars — I
hope at any rate none of the suckers have been touched.
Having many Letters to write & much straightened in point
of time, I must hasten to conclude with my best wishes for
your health & Happiness.

I am with truth & sincerity

Your friend & humble St

"W HAMILTON

Was my Thermometer sold or not.

LANCASTER June 11, 1787

I am much obliged by yours of the 9th informing me of

the welfare of my family. . . . There is to be fine fun here

with the dutch Girls tomorrow, it being Lancaster fair, when

they will come in from all quarters. . . . Peter Musser has

VOL. xxix. — 10

146 Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary.

footed it on the occasion from Philad*. ... I expect to
leave this on Thursday or Friday, at any rate my endeavour
will be exerted to be at Home or at the Woodlds in time on
Saturday for Miller. ... I would not have you say when I
am expected for several reasons, particularly to prevent any
expectations of another Monday party which just now will
be inconvenient. I must go and dress for its near dinner
time & I expect 27 of my tenants to dine with me. I cannot
add more than to desire you will present my most affec-
tionate wishes for my mother, grandmother, the Girls &
Mrs McCall.

& believe me yours sincerely

W H

DOWNING'S TAVERN Jan'ry 3d 1788
10 at night

Well knowing my mother's anxiety, I would not let pass
the opportunity of relieving it. Fifty minutes after I left
Bush Hill * the chariot drop'd me about half a mile beyond
Owen Jones's House & I arrived here well just before eight
o'clock without having suffer'd much by the cold. During
the last ten miles altho after sundown, the weather was so
mild that I was really comfortable. At the Buck I first
perceived there had lately been a considerable fall of snow.
From that to this place there is excellent sleighing the roads
being hard beaten & vastly better than I ever saw them.
Had my chariot horses been rough'd they could have
brought me here in it without difficulty at the same rate as
I came the first ten miles. The Roads were indeed too
smooth for Getten's Horse who (altho rough'd) could scarce
keep his feet from his awkward manner of going. He once
came fairly down on his side & threw him off but luckily
without injury. I certainly cannot sufficiently value the
old Horse who made not one false step. The snow I am
told is more than a foot deep at Lancaster. From the

1 At this time the family of Mr. Hamilton occupied Bush Hill tempo-
rarily while extensive repairs were being made at The Woodlands.

Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary. 147

present appearance & feel I am apprehensive we are to have
a good deal more tomorrow. The present snow fell here
on Sunday last. . . .

I have no more to add than to desire my love to all at
home & am sincerely yours

W. H.

LANCASTER 16th Febry 1788

I recd yours of the 9th instant & am glad to hear the
family at B. Hill continue well. I am pleased to find Mr
Thomson has began to fill the Ice House being persuaded
he can not have a better season, for a colder spell I never
experienced than it has been since I left Home. ... I do
not suppose in such weather much time will be lost altho
the plaistring at the Woodlands should be at a stand untill
my return. You will however be pleased to tell Mr Child
if I find when I come there an air Hole as large as a quill in
the windows or any other part of the west wing or that the
directions I gave him have been unattended to I shall not be
in a very good Humour. . . . Money is as scarce here to
the full as at Philad* so that I shall derive little advantage
from my Journey but that of fair promises of great things
on my next visit. I shall therefore look towards Home the
latter end of the week but as I am not yet determined on
the route may not reach B. Hill before Monday or Tuesday
next. ... I want you also to secure Spotswoods newspaper
that was published on the 5th instant. I find Mr Ogden
is really to leave the ferry & that one of the Hubley family
here has taken it at £750 pr annum.

I intended writing to my mother but have been busied
with my tenants the whole day and am just going to dress
for a sleighing party & Ball two miles in the country &
its now past five o'clock, I dare say we shall be as happy
as at Mr Binghams where I hope Ann will not fail to go.
I wonder you say nothing of the grand twelfth night at B.
Hill on Monday last. At a Ball last week here one of the
best dancers put me so much in mind of Jn° Shorts pounding

148 Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary.

that I thought myself at least within hearing of my servants
Hall. Shew this to my mother & present her with my best
love & duty. Give my love & duty to my Grandmother, &
love to Mrs McCall & the girls.

I am truly your friend

"W HAMILTON
Ann should not fail to visit Miss Yeates.

. . . When the plaister is taken to the Woodlands Watt
or Dolland should be engaged by the day to finish the
dining parlour ceiling & cornice. ... I hope Willy has
got some one to thrash the oats & that he will take care to
get a proper place to put them when thrashed. I would
have you see Dr Parke & beg him if possible to prevent
Mrs . . . &c to defer going to the Woodlands untill the
dining p. is done. I mean this God knows as no compli-
ment to that family, but think a hint of this sort will serve
to prevent others going thither.

Mr Child said somewhat to me about a winch for y*
Garden well. I know not what he means & cannot there-
fore guess what may be the nature or expense or whether
materials of any kind (not at y6 Woodlands already) may
be wanted. But if on conferring with him the matter can
be accomplished so as to get the well walled the sooner it
is done the better on account of the Heat which we may
now daily expect. . . . The pumpions, [pumpkins] Bon-
net pepper, squashes, Kidney Beans, Carolina and lima
Beans, early & whisk corn, casavarces, S. American peas,
another crop & peas & Beans (from the garret) Dill fennel,
coriander, aniseed, doub. parsley &c should all be in the
ground & to prevent its being done improperly with respect
to the distances of the rows from one another Conrod should
sow them or you should consult Mawe. There were two
or three cuttings of the China rose which I planted in pots,
but do not recollect where they were put. They should be
by rights on the Back flue of the Hot-House. Do let them
be look'd for & attended to by watering & shading them.

Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary. 149

I would not have them get into other hands on any account.
The variegated geranium and the narrow oak leaved should
be kept in the Hot House under lock & key or else there
will be a flemish acc't of them altho nobody but C. should
get a sight of them. If George does as he ought no soul
should be suffr'd alone in the pot or Tub enclosure. I left
a paper with white flowering Bean, some convolvulus, Ipo-
moea, nasturtium and different gourds. I meant to have
made a small 3 feet wide Border in front of the necessary
skreen of cedars & Lombardy poplars & to have planted
some of these runners at the foot of them to run up and
hide the dead cedars. . . . Hilton should take the remain-
ing poplar cuttings which are unplanted and plant them
in the gaps along the orchard fence next the road placing
them at not to exceed a foot from each other. ... In
the Border on the sides of the walk leading to the I. House
there are a great many plants of the polianthos snowdrop, the
seeds of which must be now nearly ripe. If so I would
have every one of them preserved. . . . George should
not forget Roupe's double white narcissus . . . and when
he is there he should see if there are any of the sweet
scented yellow day lily, of which I wanted a great number,
as also of paeonies. I should suppose it might be worth
while for you to ride there & see what is in Bloom as also
to Leech's for the same purpose. ... I can add no more
than to desire my love to all at Home.

& am yours &c sincerely

W. H.

12 o'clock Monday night June 1st.

DOWNINGS July 8* 1788

Being the only person who heard the knocking at the
tavern door at one this morning, all the house being asleep
except myself, I was for a short time greatly alarm'd on
calling out from my chamber window who's there, to be
answered by Tom. I fear'd some accident had happened
in my family & would not believe otherwise untill relieved

150 Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary.

by Dr Parke's Letter. ... If I see nothing of Tom
before tomorrow day light I shall take it for granted
the papers are found & shall proceed on my Journey. Mr
Pollock mentioned to me some vessels being about to sail
for England . . . should the vessels going be too soon
for the next weeks stage send off Tom this afternoon in
order that I may write my English letters & send them
down express by him. When you see Mr Habacker about
y* Boards forget not to mention to him my insisting as a
citizen on paying my proportion of Saturdays Club. If he
mentions repaying the wine then lent, you will recollect it
must not be rec'd. Moses Franks, Frazer & Miller talk of
a jaunt to Lancaster. Endeavour to find out it they are
serious & give me timely information lest I may have gone
to Carlisle when they visit the Borough. When you write
let me know whether the Scotchman has begun to plaister
at the Woodlands & whether Child has engaged two fresh
men for the doweld flooring & whether Wm the plaisterer
has return'd to his work.

Yours sincerely W. EL

LANCASTER July 1788

12 at night

I have been so hurried since I arrived here that I have
had scarcely a moment to call my own. The whole of Fri-
day and Saturday last, notwithstanding the violent heat, I
was on the pad from 6 o'clock in the morning untill dark
in the evening (dinner time in each for an hour only ex-
cepted). I have been again at the same work to day & have
at length compleated my round. The heat has really been
almost too much for me. I am however I believe not all
the worse for it. Altho my Journey may not be immedi-
ately productive of any considerable matters, I am satisfied
with myself for undertaking it on my present plan, not in
the least doubting, I shall within an year or two reap the
Benefit by the wiping off all arrears which might not other-
wise have happen'd during my life, although it should be a
long one. I have personally play'd the Dun within these

Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary. 151

three or four days at more than 500 Houses & have applied
for rents on unimproved lots, pastures & out lots. The
people far from being displeased, are many of them flatter'd
with what they call my condescension, & all approve the
measure so unlike what they have been formerly used to.
Not an uncivil word did I receive from any one, nor have I
discovered one instance of a disinclination for payment, or
an attempt at evasion. Scarcity of money is their only plea
& there is surely every reason to believe it a just one. But
although the poor of which there are a very great propor-
tion can possibly never pay, they all acknowledge the jus-
tice of my claims & their wish to have the power to satisfy
them. . . .

I had hopes ot seeing M. Franks here this even'g & ex-
pected particularly to hear how Ann is, for you say so little on
the subject in yours, & Doctor Parke not mentioning at all in
his letter, my anxiety which you must know to be extreme
has not been relieved. I should have written to Doctr Parke
by this conveyance but have not been from the time I got
up to the present without a room full of people on Busi-
ness. ... If he writes to me again do desire him to be
particular in his account of Ann, & I do insist upon her en-
deavouring to write to me herself by the return of the stage
if it be possible altho it should be only two lines. If she
knew the satisfaction it would afford me I am certain she
would not refuse. ... I have a little money here which I
should have sent for contingent occasions, but being ex-
tremely angry at the stage man for leaving my box of clothes
at Philad* do not chose to entrust it to his care. . . .

I desire my best love & duty to my mother & grandmother
& love to Mrs McCall & to the Girls & am with truth

Yours Ac

W. H.

YOEK TOWN (July) 21* 1788

I was prevailed on to make an excursion to this place
yesterday & have had great pleasure in seeing the Town &

152 Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary.

its neighborhood having never before been here. I had
intended returning to Lancaster this evening . . . but fear
I shall not get from hence in time, being so warmly sollicited
by Col1 Hartley * to view his improvements a few miles from
hence. . . . Mr Yeates 2 accompanied me this far on his way
to Carlisle & will not return to his family in less than a
fortnight. Whether I shall return to Bush Hill within that
time or not will depend on circumstances. . . . The stage
man has again left my box of clothes which you will readily
suppose puts me to great inconvenience. ... I am greatly
pleased to hear that Ann is getting the better of her com-
plaint & that swinging agrees so well with her. I hope to
God she will shortly be perfectly well. ... I have a letter
from Mr Child by which I clearly see matters go but ill at
the Woodlands. The plaisterer came not to work for
several days after that he appointed which must greatly
delay the finishing of those rooms immediately wanted. . . .
I will not think of Davidson's Horse at his price £60 cash,
but if John still thinks he will suit will give him from
£17-10 to £20 & Herring-bone in exchange.
Sincerely yours &c

W. HAMILTON

LANCASTER half past 10 at night
July 21* 1788

Not expecting to be here this evening, I wrote to you at
12 o'clock to day from York just before I set out to dine
with Col1 Hartley 4 miles beyond that Town. I got off how-
ever by half past 5 & by a hard ride reached the Borough
half an hour ago. ... I beg you will let me know by the
return of the stage how Ann & my mother, Grandmother &
Peggy are & that you will inform me precisely what has
been done & is doing at the Woodlands. You will also

1 Colonel Thomas Hartley, a distinguished soldier, lawyer, and states-
man. He was present at Brandywine and Paoli. Died December 21,
1800, at the age of fifty-four.

8 Jasper Yeates, of Lancaster.

Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary. 153

direct my Box of Clothes lying at the King of Prussia to be
forwarded by ye stage. I suffer greatly by the want of it.
I have no more to add than my best wishes for the health &
happiness of all at Bush Hill. I am so tired with eating
dinners & riding that I can no longer keep open my eyes.
I am nevertheless yours &c sincerely

W H

LANCASTER 22d October 1788

... If Mr Child pays so little attention to my other
directions I must in my own defence immediately give up
all thought of removing to the Woodlands during this year
of our Lord. 9 Should that be the case, I shall as soon as I
return Home discharge every workman & shut up the
House untill the spring as I am determined not to be subject
to the inconvenience of leaving my family during the short
days to attend any workmen whatever.

As I see little prospect of doing anything of consequence
by tarrying here longer than this week, I propose leaving
this place on Sunday & if the weather is good expect to be
at Baltimore the following day. We are told there are to
be races at Annapolis on Thursday following. If so we
shall proceed to that city after a days tarry at Baltimore &
return Home by the Eastern shore. I do not wish my
mother to know anything of our Route as she will be uneasy
about our crossing the Bay. . . . Your next letter should
be directed for me to the care of Mr Daniel Grant at Balti-
more.

Yours sincerely

W HAMILTON

SORREL HORSE May 2 1789
Friday 5 o'clock in ye morning.

In all the times and seasons I have travelled this Road I
never found it so bad as at present. From Jesse George's
Hill to this place I could not once get into a trot, but could
not compare it to anything but being chin deep in Hasty

154 Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary.

pudding & obliged to trudge thro it. The Hills its true are
not so slushy but are worn into lopsided ruts so as to be
scarcely passable. What with the fatigue of yesterday be-
fore I left Home & the badness of the Road I could not make
out any mem11"1 last night nor have I time this morning for
y* purpose being anxious to get forward for although I have
a long day before me I fear it will be hardly possible to
reach Lancaster, unless there has been less rain above & the
Hills are in better order than I expect I dont suppose I shall
get out of a walk all day. . . . You must not fail to go
to the "Woodlands every day for more reasons than one &
take a memm of the occurrences of each day. Hilton should
[make] some mark immediately on y* pot of each newly
transplanted exotic, so as to prevent its being disturbed on
my return. The aloes water'd twice a week gently, and all
the Carolina & newly imported English plants should be
frequently refresh'd with water. I would have you mark
all the polianthos snow drops in the Bord'rs of the Ice H. Hill
walk & direct George to attend to the ripening of the seeds
so as to save them. As soon as George has done the above
all the exotics should be arranged according to their sizes in
the way I directed particularly the pots on the shelves, the
melon boxes may be taken into the garden & the plants
taken out & transplanted on forming the 3d leaf into good
hills & labell'd. The Rose Bush Box should be removed
into y* shade behind the Hot House there to remain during
the summer. The Exotic yard if I may so call it & all the
space between the green H & the shop should be made clean
& neat as I have no doubt there will be visitors to view them.

LANCASTER Monday June 8th 1789

. . . An account is arrived here of a person of the
name of Brown an Inhabitant of Strasburg having been
robbed yesterday at or near the Spread Eagle on the Philad*
Road & this has had the effect of putting the stage people on
their guard for this trip . . .

Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary. 155

LANCASTER 13th June 1789
10 at night

. . . Tell Dr Parke he shall hear from me next week.
Also tell him I yesterday went in a Boat from Slough's Mill
down the Conestogoe into the Susquehannah in five hours
(being between 15 & 20 miles) with 4 people in the Boat &
without once being stop'd or impeded in the whole way not
one soul of us having to get out at the Fish dams although
there was no fresh in the creek. The Baskets in those dams
have been destroyed this spring . . .

LANCASTER 20th June 1789

"... From what at present appears I should suppose
my Business h*ere will draw to a conclusion about Tuesday
next & I shall be looking homewards as soon afterwards as
possible, but of this I would not have you hint a syllable to
the family lest they should be disappointed & of course un-
easy. Although what I have gotten here in the money1
way would be no object to any one, having remitted to you
already almost the whole. But from the number of people
with whom I have had to do Business an idea has been false-
ly taken up of my having rec'd an immensity & some rascals
or other may "think me worth a speculation on the Road.
It will therefore be no more than prudent to be on my guard
the more especially as within these three days a gang of vil-
lanns have arrived in this town, with one at the Head of
them of the name of Livergood who has been at the Barrow.
Pray do you think William Slade could be spared from home
for a few days ? If it was possible I should be glad to have

1 The character of the money current at Lancaster in January 1789,
may be gathered from the following memorandum by Mr, Hamilton of a
remittance at that time by stage to Philadelphia.

Specie
in the Bag

9 crowns £3 15 0

65 dollars 24 7 6

40 X of a Dollar 3150 Bank note. 1 4 notes each of 10 dollars ) £2g 26

56^ofa do 2126 ^ y letter 1 7 do eachof5 do I

a doubloon 5 12 6 Total sent by the stage £81 15 0

2 moid ores 4 10 0 A few days before an order on

3 half Joes 9 0 0 Mr Hubley sent by Mr Hubley 37 10 0

£53 12 6 Total sent since I arrived here £119 5 0

156 Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary.

him with me on my return. No idea of the intention of it
should be breathed but merely that I had gratified William
in his desire to take the jaunt. If the thing can be accom-
plished, you should endeavor to equip him as well as possible
with a handsome hired horse, pistols &c &c & he should be
here Tuesday evening or Wednesday morning at furthest.
He should on no account whatever be suffer'd to set out un-
less you can continue to do without him, and be certain of
John & scots Billy being every night at Home during his
absence. Be particular in getting him a sightly horse. .
My love to all at Home & believe me yours &c

NEW YORK August 30th 1789

I got no further than ya Billet on the evening I left Home.
The next day not finding Mr Emley at Home I proceeded on
20 miles further than his House and the following morning
arrived at Elizabeth T. The gout which I complain'd with
before I set out encreased so much as to make my journey
very disagreeable & I was so fatigued with the motion of
the chair violent heat & the pressure of my boot that I was
obliged to rest the remainder of the day at Elizabeth & did
not arrive here untill Friday at noon since which I have not
untill this moment been six minutes together off' the Bed &
this has prevented my writing before. ... On Thursday
the Question1 will be taken up by Congress but when deter-
mined I cannot foresee. As to Lancaster being fixed on it
appears to me to be the most unlikely thing that can happen
there being no member of Congress or Senate interested in
the measure, at the same time that every one of them has a
place in view in order to serve his own interest. So that
were it not for the satisfaction of having comply'd with ye
wishes of my Tenants I had better been at home. ... I
desire you will remind George Hilton of the magnolia seeds
which must be ripe by this time & of his promise to sift

1 Congress had under consideration the selection of a site for the
National Capital.

Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary. 157

earth on y* seed Boxes & to mark all y* double Convolvulus
& to pull up all the -single ones. . . . Tell the Girls I hope
to inform them of some of the fashions on my return. This
moment passed my window three negro girls with fashion-
able Bonnets & in other respects drap'd in y6 mode. They
had each of them long sleeves which are worn here by
everybody & they had Bracelets of Black velvet. One of
them had a white muslin Bonnet with Black Lace, a white
gown with a black velvet girdle. By this they may judge
of the Ladies dress. The men -for the most part wear
strings in their shoes, even Jn° Marston, and as they are a
convenient fashion for my gouty feet they must not be sur-
prised at seeing me in the fashion. Jn° Marston speaks
with great friendship of Miss Levy.

Yours &c W H

LANCASTER October 3d 1789

I rec'd your Letter of the 28th ult & shall, you may be
assured attend particularly to its contents. . . . Ben Miller
beg'd me to purchase him a rifle in this town. The
prices are from £3-10 to £8. I wish you would ask him
particularly to inform you what kind of a one he wants &
how far I may go as to price. I trust the plants have all
been secured before the frost which has shewn itself for
some mornings past. . . . Mr Child told me he would
not fail to remind you of getting Mcllvee out to mend the
hot house. Unless this is done the West India plants can-
not be safe. ... I directed him also when I came away,
to secure seeds and plants of the Eudbeckia in y' track of the
old Road leading to the House from the former entrance
into y° grounds. I told him also to get some violet seeds,
& plants or seeds of the herbaceous G-lycine with 2-colour'd
clustered flowers (that we took for a Vicia before Michau
undeceiv'd us). I would have him trim and weed about his
double Azaleas in the Garden & Box. . . . You should
not forget the seeds of the Nymphcea, the pitcher Lychnis,
striped convolvulus & Cassia chamcechrista which you promised

158 Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary.

to procure. I think it would be well enough for you to go
to Bartrams & know from him what Hot House plants he
intended for me and also his prices for each of the plants in
ye enclosed list. Its possible Mrs Rulen and her daughter
will sail for the "West Indies before my return. In case
Miss Markoe comes to the Woodlands I wish Ann & Peggy
would beg her to think of me in the flower 'seed way when
she is at Santa Cruz. Those of all fragrant and beautiful
plants will be agreeable, particularly ye Jasmines. ...

Yours sincerely "W H

LANCASTER Tuesday night
October 6th 1789

... I have enquired particularly for a rifle this day &
find that such an one to have it compleatly made according
to the memorandum which Wm shewed me this morning
will cost £5 . . Slade has enquired for pistols for Mr Child
& Tom of the same kind as those of Wm Gittens'. But
they are all gone. If however they will have a little pa-
tience they may be supplied, for the man who brought them
from Germany is hourly expected from thence with another
cargo of the same sort as his last ....

Monday evening Octr 12th 1789

. . . You do not say a word of what Mr Child is doing,
at which I am much surprised. I desire that he may di-
rectly make models of the weights of all the windows &
that you will forward them by ye stage with the number
that will be wanting so that I may direct for their being
cast before I leave this. I wish also to have the exact di-
mensions of my cannon stove given me in such a way as
that I may purchase here an exact companion to it in order
to warm the Saloon this winter . .

Yours sincerely W H

Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary. 159

LANCASTER June 1790

... If George for one day neglects the necessary attend-
ance on the Hot-bed everything in it will be lost . . If the
Antwerp Raspberries too are not water'd they will be lost
The Lomb: pop: & magnolias & other terrace shrubs
Willy promised the utmost attention to & I own I have
some reliance on him & that by his constant watering the
three sumachs they will be saved. The one leaning sumach
on the Strawberry Hill can be yet set up right if done dur-
ing a hard rain & staked immediately. The Boxes of Caro-
lina plants back of the Green House should be also re-
freshed frequently with water as many of them are valuable.
I shall really be sorry if George has forgotten to mark the
red & y6 double Thorns as a whole year will be lost for
propogating from them. The Rope too for the west side of
the front door to secure the plants should be fixed ... I
would have you take an opportunity of going as soon as
may be to Bartrams and hear what he has to say of his
plants which I sent home. He should be reminded that
they were sent too late to me, being absolutely dead when
they came to ye Woodlands . . remind him of his promise
to give a few of his East & West India seedlings. I shall
write again tomorrow so will not detain you any longer
with the present than to desire you will not let our folks
know I have been unwell & beg Nancy to prevent if possi-
ble the Chews coming while I am away.

I am yours &c sincerely W H

(To be continued.)

160 Bishop Cammerhoff's Journey to Shamokin, Pa., 174.8.

BISHOP J. C. P. CAMMEKHOFFS NAEEATIVE OF A
JOUENEY TO SHAMOKIN, PENNA., IN THE WIN-
TEE OF 1748.

BY JOHN W. JORDAN.

John Christopher Frederick Cammerhoff was born July
28, 1721, near Magdeburg, Germany, where his father was
a Justice of the Peace. After being instructed by private
tutors, he entered the " Cloister Bergen," originally a Bene-
dictine monastery, and in 1738, the University at Jena,
where he became acquainted with the son of Count Zinzen-
dorf. In 1745 he completed his studies at the Moravian
Theological Seminary, at Marienborn, and two years later
became the private secretary of Count Zinzendorf, and was
subsequently admitted to holy orders. In July of 1746 he
was married to the Baroness Anne von Pahlen, and in
September was consecrated to the Episcopacy in London,
and sent to Pennsylvania as coadjutor to Bishop A. G.
Spangenberg.

Bishop Cammerhoff was a man of natural gifts, learning,
and eloquence, as well as piety, zeal, and energy. He
devoted himself with almost reckless energy to the duties
connected with the Indian mission of his Church, making
journeys of extreme peril in all kinds of weather, although
never inured to hardships, and of a physique far from robust.
His career of activity was brief, for he succumbed to the
strain, and died at Bethlehem, April 28, 1751. His widow
returned to Germany after his death. He left no issue.

Shamokin was situated a short distance below the junc-
tion of the north and west branches of the Susquehanna,
and was, in consequence of its position, the most important
Indian town in the Province. The Six Nations held it as a
strategic point, and made it the seat of a viceroy, who ruled
for them the tributary tribes that dwelt along the waters of
the " Windy River." At the date of this narrative it con-
tained upwards of fify cabins and three hundred inhabitants,

Bishop Gammer hojfs Journey to Shamokin^ Pa., 174.8. 161

one-half Delawares, the others Senecas and Tudelars, who
Brainerd describes, " the most drunken and ruffian-like
fellows of any in these parts."

In September of 1742 Zinzendorf, with Conrad Weiser
as guide and interpreter; Bishop Peter Boehler, Anna
Mtschmann, Rev. John Martin Mack, Henry Leinbach, and
Joshua and David, Indian converts, visited Shamokin. The
acquaintance which the Moravians made with Viceroy
Shikellmy ripened into a friendship which ceased only with
his death. At his solicitation, in 1747 a mission house and
a smithy were erected by the missionaries Joseph Powell
and John Hagen, and Anton Schmidt was made the smith ;
and Rev. John Martin Mack and his wife began to organize
a mission.

" The mission house," states Bishop Loskiel, " was fre-
quently injured by the violent storms prevailing in that
district. Sometimes their plantations were destroyed by
hail, earthquakes shook the house, and filled them with
apprehension; but their principal danger arose from the
drunkenness of the Indians. They were also often alarmed
by parties of warriors of different tribes, then at war with
the Catawbas, passing to and fro with captives."

The missionaries Zeisberger, Post, Pyrlaeus, Bruce,
Rauch, and others served the mission until its abandon-
ment in the autumn of 1755, in. consequence of the Indian
War.

Bishop Carmnerhoff's Narrative.1

January 6. — Accompanied by Bro. Joseph Powell,2 1 set
out for Shamokin in the afternoon. "We proceeded this
day as far as Macungy.3

1 Translated from a letter written by Cammerhoff to Zinzendorf, dated
Bethlehem, March 13, 1748.

'Joseph Powell, born in 1710, near White Church, Shropshire, Eng-
land. Immigrated to Pennsylvania in June of 1742, and served in
various congregations in Pennsylvania, New York and Maryland.
Died in Sichem, New York, in September of 1774.

\A Moravian settlement, since 1761 called Emmaus, in Lehigh
County.

VOL. XXIX. — 11

162 Bishop Cammerhofs Journey to Shamokin, Pa., 1748.

January 7. — Set out for Tulpehocken [Berks Co.] . The
snow lay deep on the ground and being covered with a
hard crust, the horses which carried our supplies, could
travel but slowly; and as all traces of a road were fre-
quently obliterated, evening had set in, when we struck the
Ontalaunee.1 We passed the night at the house of Moses
Starr, a Quaker, with whom our itinerant missionaries often
lodge.2

January 8. — Early in the morning arrived at the Schuyl-
kill. We found the river frozen in the middle, and open
along its banks. Knowing that we were making a venture,
and yet there being no alternative, we leaped upon the ice,
halter in hand, our horses following. When half-way
across, Broekden's bay, whom I was leading broke through
the ice, but by a well directed spring regained its footing.3
Powell, and the gray, had a similar mishap near the farther
bank, but my companion more unfortunate than I had been,
got into the water waist deep. After a ride in intensely
cold weather, with no other adventures we entered Heidel-
berg [Berks Co.] . Here we met Bro. Neubert 4 who was
on his way to Bethlehem from Swatara. He informed us
that one of his members had set out for Shamokin with
supplies for the Mission, three weeks ago, but finding the
mountain road obstructed by snow, had returned. In the
evening we reached Michael Schaeffer's in Tulpehocken.5

1 Maiden Creek, which empties into the Schuylkill, about seven miles
above Reading.

3 A number of Quaker families settled in Maiden Creek Township, as
early as 1738.

8 It is evident that Zinzendorf knew the horse so particularly de-
scribed. It may have been his favorite riding horse while was a resident
of Philadelphia, or it may have carried him in his travels into the In-
dian country. Charles Brock en, Master of the Rolls of the Province,
was a member of the Moravian congregation in Philadelphia.

4 Rev. Daniel Neubert, from Koenigswalde, Saxony, who immigrated
to Pennsylvania in 1742, and was pastor of a number of rural congrega-
tions. Died in Bethlehem, January, 1785.

5 Michael Schaefier, a Palatine from Schoharie, New York, settled in
Tulpehocken in 1725.

Bishop Cammerhofs Journey to Shamokin, Pa., 17^8. 168

January 9. — Resumed our journey, and at 9 o'clock ar-
rived at George Loesch's ; l both parents and children gave
us a cordial welcome, and showed us much kindness.
They also urged us to take a supply of provisions for the
missionaries at Shamokin, but as we were desirous of hus-
banding the strength of our horses, we accepted only of
some meat, butter and dried fruit. We now held a consul-
tation on the choice of a route for the remainder of the
journey, and after weighing the advantages and disadvan-
tages offered at this season of the year respecting the moun-
tain road2 and the Indian path along the Susquehanna,
leading from Harris's Ferry, decided to follow the latter.
The decision, jt is true, imposed upon us additional miles
of travel, but we reflected that we would have the river for
a guide, and that at the settlements we could bait our
horses. Taking leave of our kind friends at noon, we rode
on through the snow. Dismounted at Peter Kucher's in
Quittopchille,3 and after loading our horses with oats for
their feed at Shamokin, rode on five miles to Henry Zan-
ders, where we passed the night.4

January 10. — Set out for Harris's Ferry. This proved a
long day's journey through a wild and dreary region ot
country. We struck the Great Swatara at noon, and after
a short halt crossed it in safety on the ice, although the
stream was open along its banks. We were now seven

1 George Loesch, born near Worms, 1699, immigrated with other
Palatines in 1710, and settled in Schoharie, New York. In 1723, re-
moved to Tulpehocken, and united with the Moravians in 1747. Died
in Nazareth, August, 1790.

'The mountain road was via Great Swatara Gap, Second, Third,
Peter's, Berry's and Mahantango mountains in Dauphin Co., and over
Line and Mahanoy mountains in Northumberland Co.

8 John Peter Kucher, imported on the Loyal Judith, in September of
1732, settled on what is now the Harrisburg turnpike, a short distance
from the borough of Lebanon. In 1750 he donated the land upon
which was erected the " Hebron" Moravian Church. He died in July
of 1788.

4 He was a member of the " Hebron" Church, and his house was the
usual stopping place of the Moravian missionaries.

164 Bishop Cammerhoff's Journey to Shamokin, Pa., 174.8.

miles from the Ferry, but loosing the way, we strayed
through the woods until sundown, and it was seven o'clock
before we reached our place of destination. "We found a
large company of traders at Harris's ; one of whom had
just returned from an attempt to reach the Allegheny coun-
try, in which he had been baffled by the increasing depth
of the snow, after he had penetrated the wilderness to the
distance of one hundred miles west of the Susquehanna.
On making enquiry about the course of the path that leads
to Shamokin, we were told to follow a trail left in the snow
by a party of Indians, who had a few days ago come down
to the mill above the Ferry.

January 11. — Kept along the river, and after having rid-
den some distance through the Narrows at the base of the
first Blue Mountain, at 9 A. M., came to Chambers' Mill,1
at the mouth of Fishing Creek, seven miles above the
Ferry. The people of the house were very courteous;
mentioned that Anton Schmidt 2 had lodged with them sev-
eral times, and evidenced sincere regard for the Moravians.
The miller's mother stated that, she had attended worship
in our church in Philadelphia, and that as for herself she
sympathized with us in our religious views, having experi-
enced what we taught, namely, — that love towards Christ
the Saviour was the sinner's only source of true happiness
in this life. Although our entertainers sought to dissuade
us from venturing any farther, assuring us that in the
event of a long-continued storm, the journey would be im-

1 James, Robert, Joseph and Benjamin Chambers immigrated from
County Antrim, Ireland, between 1726 and 1730. Soon after their ar-
rival in the Province, they started for its frontiers, and appropriated a
tract of land at the mouth of Fishing Creek [now in Dauphin Co.],
where they built a mill. James settled subsequently in Cumberland
Co. ; Robert, near Shippensburg ; and Benjamin and Joseph on the
site of Chambersburg. Later Joseph returned to the Fishing Creek im-
provement, and was residing there at the date of this narrative.

* Anton Schmidt, a native of Hungary, came to Bethlehem in 1746.
The following year he was appointed the blacksmith at Shamokin. The
Indians gave him the name of Rachustom.

Bishop Cammerhoff's Journey to Shamokin, Pa., 174.8. 165

practicable, we set out at noon. After a few miles ride we
struck the base of Second Mountain, at a point where it
butts down to the river's edge,1 which point is in a line
with the northern limit of the Proprietaries' land, as fixed
in the last purchase.2 We were now in the Indian coun-
try. The rain continued to beat down, and as we toiled
through the snow in the Narrows, we occasionally lost the
Indian trail, where it led into the Susquehanna, which had
overflowed its banks. Nevertheless we kept up heart, and
felt as though we were being carried along on invisible
hands. After having crossed several streams,3 the path left
the river (which here suddenly bends to the West, and then
returns upon itself several miles higher up, after describing
an arc of a circle) and struck up Peter's Mountain,4 which I
am inclined to believe is a continuation of the Thiirnstein.5
The ridge was high and precipitous, and the ascent tried
our loaded horses' strength. Just as we reached the sum-
mit, the rain poured down in torrents, and in a few min-
utes we were wet to the skin. Below us the thick clouds
were drifting along, the snow lay on the ground to the
depth of three feet, and there was no longer any vestige of
a trail. Not venturing to make a random descent, we lost
some time in searching for tracks, and on discovering what
had the appearance of a path, led our horses cautiously

1 In Middle Paxton Township.

3 By treaty of October 1736, the Five Nations deeded to the Penns,
" all the lands lying on the east side of the Susquehanna as far as the
heads or springs running into the same — and all the lands lying west
of the said river to the setting of the Sun — and to extend from the
mouth of the Susquehanna northward, up the same, to the hills or
mountains called in the language of the Five Nations the Tyannustasacta,
and by the Delawares, Keekachfanin, i. e., Endless Hills." One of the
signers of this deed was Caxhayton, an Iroquois Sachem, who was en-
tertained by Zinzendorf at the Moravian House, Philadelphia, in 1742.

8 Fishing and Stony Creeks, in Paxton, and Clerk's Creek in Middle
Rush Township.

4 Opposite the site of Duncannon.

6 Named in honor of Zinzendorf, who was also Baron Thurnstein, by
Conrad Weiser in September of 1742.

166 Bishop Cammerhoff's Journey to Shamokiny Pa., 174,8.

down, after crossing several lesser spurs of the mountain,
entered the valley in safety. We next forded Powell's
Creek,1 and a mile above the point where we again struck
the Susquehanna, came to the house of a trader, Armstrong
by name.2 We were now eighteen miles from Harris's
Ferry. Here we resolved to end the day's journey and pass
the night, as the rain had not abated, and we were com-
pletely exhausted. The trader bid us welcome and showed
us much kindness during our stay. He was well acquainted
with Schmidt. In the evening a violent storm blew up
from the South, with rain that poured down in torrents,
and about midnight there was an appalling crash, and a
booming report like the discharge of heavy ordnance, which
told us that the ice in the river had suddenly broken up.
Amid the fury of the elements, our thoughts reverted to
Bethlehem, where our Brethren we knew were at this mo-
ment keeping the vigils of New Year, according to the old
style. Daylight revealed a wonderful change without ; for
the deep snow that had filled the valleys had vanished as
if by magic, and the water-courses were running with ice.

January 12. — The words of Scripture given us on this
day for meditation, " Jacob went on his way, and angels
met him,"3 reassured us, as we thought of the obstacles
that we would in all probability have to encounter in the
next stage of our journey. The trader pressed us hard to
stay with him, urging that we could not possibly continue

1 A short distance from where Matamoras, in Halifax Township, now
stands.

s James and Alexander Armstrong, Ulster-Scots, were commissioned
captain and lieutenant in May of 1748, for the defence of the Province.
Near the mouth of Armstrong's Creek there was a blockhouse built by
Col. William Clapham in June of 1756, and named by Gov. Morris
Halifax.

*The custom of issuing a collection of daily texts consisting of a
selection of verses from the Bible for each day, with appropriate col-
lects, has prevailed in the Moravian Church since the year 1731. They
are published in the English, German, French, Dutch, Swedish, Dan-
ish, Bohemian, Eskimo, and Negro- English for Surinam, S. A.

Bishop Cammerhoff's Journey to Shamokin , Pa., 174.8. 167

on our journey, because of the swollen streams and other
perils, to which we would expose ourselves. Having
crossed the creek near his house,1 and after having passed
the plantations of several squatters, we suddenly saw the
river before us. In a narrow part of its channel,2 the ice
was dammed up to the height of ten or twelve feet, and the
Narrows, through which the path along the river wound,
was overflowed and choked with cakes of ice. It was in
vain that we endeavored to effect a passage or keep to the
trail. Foiled in this, we were compelled to climb the spurs
of the mountain which here abut against the river, until
we again struck a wide expanse of lowland. It was a la-
borious task; .but we kept brave hearts, and our poor
horses did their part nobly. After toiling on in this way
for seven miles we reached the Wisconisco,8 which ran very
far above its banks, with an impetuous current, and was full
of floating ice. We were told that any attempt to ford it,
would be at the peril of our lives. But Powell rode in,
and as I followed, I encouraged him by the words of the
text. It was a special Providence that we reached the
farther bank in safety. A short distance beyond we came
to a house where we halted. Our host was acquainted
with our brethren at Shamokin, and had assisted them in
transporting their supplies. He informed us, that on the
west bank of the river opposite to his house, began the
great path to the Allegheny country, estimated to be three
or four hundred miles distant.

The country was populous with Indians, and a trader
with a train of twenty or thirty pack-horses, could in a very
short time dispose of his wares. He also stated that many
of the Indians living along the river were removing thither,
among the number Andrew Montour.4 Continuing on our

1 Armstrong's Creek, in Halifax Township.
1 Probably Berry's Falls.
1 In Upper Paxton Township.

4 The oldest son of Madam Montour. Zinzendorf thus describes
him : " Andrew's cast of countenance is decidedly European, and had

168 Bishop Cammerhoff's Journey to Shamokin, Pa., 1748.

way, we overtook in the woods two Indian squaws, who
lived fifty miles above Shamokin, returning from Chambers'
Mill. At three in the afternoon we reached Benigna's
Creek,1 near its outlet, which we found was as wide as the
Lehigh at Bethlehem. Turning our horses' heads up the
creek we commenced the search for a ford which had been
described to us, but were unsuccessful as the large rock
which was to be our landmark, was covered with water.
Darkness fast approaching, we resolved to build a fire, and
encamp under some pines, but to our great joy, we descried
on the other side of the creek, a house in the distance.
Our shouts soon attracted the attention of the inmates, who
upon learning of our situation, volunteered to first bring us
over in a canoe, and afterwards to swim the horses over.
At first we hesitated to trust ourselves in so frail a boat, in
the creek filled with running ice; but commending our-
selves to the care of the Lord, I crossed first, with all our
effects, then Powell followed, swimming the horses. One
of the latter, at one time, was carried by the current under
the canoe, and almost upset it. Being now but three miles
from Capt. Thomas McKee's,2 we determined to press on,
and took the path over the hills. Losing our way, after
proceeding about two miles, we turned and attempted to
force our way between the ice-barrier and rocks along the
river, but were compelled to return to the house near the
creek, where we passed the night ; thankful that our Saviour
had safely brought us one day's journey nearer to Shamokin.

not his face been encircled with a broad band of paint, applied with
bear's fat, I would certainly have taken him for one. He wore a brown
broadcloth coat, a scarlet damasken lappel waistcoat, breeches, over
which his shirt hung, a black cordovan neckerchief, decked with silver
bugles, shoes and stockings, and a hat. His ears were hung with pen-
dants of brass, and other wires plaited together like the handles of a
basket. He was very cordial, but on my addressing him in French, he
to my surprise, replied in English. "

1 The Mahantango or Kind Creek. So named by Zinzendorf, after his
daughter, in September of 1742.

8 In Lower Mahanoy Township, Northumberland Co.

Bishop Cammerhoff's Journey to Shamokin, Pa., 174.8. 169

January 13. — During the night it froze, and the high
water somewhat subsided. We have before us twenty long
miles to Shamokin, also two bad creeks and the narrowest
passes along the river to pass. At nine o'clock we reached
Thomas McKee's,1 the last white settlement on the river
below Shamokin. McKee holds a captain's commission
under the government, is an extensive Indian trader, bears
a good name among them, and drives a brisk trade with
the Allegheny Country. His wife, who was brought up
among the Indians, speaks but little English. They re-
ceived us with much kindness and hospitality. We took
the opportunity to converse with him concerning the object
of our visit to, Shamokin, and of our missions among the
Indians. He is recovering from a serious sickness, and is
still feeble. During the past summer, he informed us,
probably one-half of the settlers living along the river died
from fever and a cough, and that even now many still lay
sick. He also asked Powell to request me to baptize his
child on my return. At parting, he cordially invited us
and our brethren to always make his house their home,
and that he was willing and ready to serve them as the cir-
cumstances required.

Proceeding on our journey we came to the long stretch
of narrows by the river, and for a short distance worked
our way between the rocks and ice, but were compelled to
retrace our steps. Thereupon we crossed three steep hills,
thence to the low lands, and again to the river. At three
in the afternoon reached the Mahanoy Creek,2 up which we

*In 1743 McKee was an Indian trader and had his store "at an
Indian town on the Susquehanna inhabited by Shawneese, whose dialect
he spoke." In "Gov. Shirley's War" he was chosen a captain by the
Association of Lancaster County, and commissioned by the Provincial
Council May 25, 1748. In January of 1756, he was commanded to
raise a company, and to complete and garrison the fort at Hunter's
Mill. He was employed in various capacities in Indian affairs, and was
one of the " Interpreters for the Crown."

8 Zinzendorf on his way to Shamokin in September of 1742, named
the Mahanoy, Leinbach's Creek, for Henry Leinbach, one of his fellow-
travellers.

170 Bishop Cammerhoff's Journey to Shamokin, Pa., 174.8.

rode to a ford described to us by McKee. Powell, heading
his horse up stream, crossed in safety, but mine got into a
hole, and was carried down some distance, he, however,
swam with me to land. Night overtook us while still five
miles from Shamokin, but as it was moonlight we deter-
mined to push on. Reaching the precipitous Spangenberg,1
we laboriously climbed to the summit, and when searching
for a path to descend on the other side, too late realized
that the warnings we had received from the settlers, of the
dangers attending the crossing, were not exaggerated. In
this search we were unsuccessful ; so resolving to trust our-
selves to the guidance of the Saviour, we began the perilous
descent, leading our horses by their halters. The snow on
this side, (north) knee-deep to the horses, was covered with
a hard-crust, which by the rain had frozen into glib-ice, and
at the base ran the impetuous Eva Creek 2 into which we
would have been precipitated, had we slipped. Thanks be
to God ! for his angels watched over us, and we descended
in safety. While searching for a ford, we found what we
thought was a road leading into the creek, but struck a
wrong one as we subsequently learned. Powell insisted
upon making the perilous crossing first, with the gray horse,
laden with three bushels of oats and other baggage. When
but a short distance from the shore, the impetuous current
soon swept both several hundred feet down the stream, and
all that I could see was the heads of each, and the occasional
rearing and plunging of the horse, which threatened to
throw both backwards. Fortunately Powell succeeded in
grasping the branch of a tree that was hanging over the
water, and with his left hand controlled his horse. Lifting
himself to the trunk, he walked along it to the shore lead-
ing his horse. My heart and eyes overflowed with tears of

1 Named for Bishop Spangenberg. Zinzendorf crossed it in 1742, and
describes it, "a precipitous hill, such as I scarce ever saw. Anna
Nitschmann, who is the most courageous of our number, led in the
descent."

2 Shamokin Creek. So named in honor of the wife of Bishop Span-
genberg by Zinzendorf in 1742.

Bishop Cammerhoff's Journey to Shamokin^ Pa., 17 £8 • 171

joy when I saw him land, although so exhausted and chilled,
he could scarcely utter a word. He begged of me not to
follow him, but await his return from Shamokin with assist-
ance. I then called to him to be of good heart, and prayed
to the Lord to give him strength, as I was apprehensive he
might from exhaustion, give out and be frozen to death.
Meanwhile Mack l who had been expecting our arrival for
a day or so, had a feeling that we could not be far distant,
and although nine o'clock, left his house, and when half a
mile from the town met Powell, now almost insensible from
exhaustion and the cold. Together they hastened to the town,
where my companion was provided with warm clothing and
restoratives by, his brethren. After Powell disappeared, I
succeeded in finding a protected spot near the creek for a
camp, unloaded my horse and tied him to a tree, and en-
deavored to make a fire, for I was cold and wet, and my
clothes stiff with ice, since swimming the last creek. While
thus engaged, my horse tore loose, swam the creek, and
went in the direction of Shamokin. I was in a fearful
frame of mind thinking he might be met by some of my
brethren, who would be terrified lest some accident had
befallen me. Fortunately he was not found until three
o'clock, when my situation was fully known. After wait-
ing one hour and a half, Mack and Anton Schmidt, who
had been informed by Powell of my situation, appeared on
the opposite bank, and commenced to construct a raft with
which to bring me across. By two o'clock they finished
building it, but owing to the wood being green, it would

1 John Martin Mack, for many years a missionary among the Indians,
was born 13th April, 1715, at Leysingen, in Wurttemberg. In 1740 he
came to Pennsylvania, and was one of the founders of Bethlehem. In
1745, he and his wife were sent to Shamokin, " the very seat of the Prince
of darkness," he states in his autobiography, "where we resided four
months, and were in constant danger. There was scarcely a night but
we were compelled to leave our hut, and hide in the woods, from fear
of the drunken savages." In 1747 he again visited the town, where he
remained until the arrival of Bishop Cammerhoff, as noted further on
in this narrative. He died on Santa Cruz, W. I., January 9, 1784.

172 Bishop Cammerhoff's Journey to Shamokin, Pa., 174.8.

only bear the weight of one person, so this attempt to succor
me had to be abandoned. In the meantime I had succeeded
in making a fire, when seeing me more comfortable my
brethren returned to Shamokin for more assistance. By
five o'clock my heart was gladdened to see Mack, Anton,
and James Logan [a son of Shikellmy], dragging a sled
after them upon which was a canoe, which Anton quickly
launched and crossed over to me. Hastily collecting my
things together, I recrossed with him, and finally, escorted
by my rescuers, we entered Shamokin at daybreak on
Sunday.

January 14. — Shikellmy,1 when informed of my arrival,
came to see me, gave me his hand and welcomed me with
smiles, and also expressed regret at my fatiguing journey.
When he was told that I was T'girhitontie's [the Indian
name of Bishop Spangenberg] younger brother, he greeted
me as such without scruple. After leaving me, all his sons
and their children called, and later sundry Delawares and
Tudelars. During the day I visited Hagen's 2 grave, which
is in the corner of a field near the- Susquehanna. I ascer-
tained that our brethren are on intimate terms with Shik-
ellmy and his family ; that the Indians begin to understand
and appreciate our motives in coming to live among them,
and say that we are different from other white people ; and
contrary to their reluctance and prejudice to teach whites
their language, cheerfully instruct us. Bro. Mack and his
wife3 are especially held in high esteem, as they speak their

*For a biographical sketch of Shikellmy and his sons, see Memorials
of the Moravian Church, Vol. I. pp. 83-84.

2 John Hagen, from Brandenburg, was sent in 1740 to the mission
among the Cherokees in Georgia. In 1742 he returned to Bethlehem,
and served in the mission among the Mohicans of New York, and the
Delawares and Susquehanna tribes. He died at Shamokin, September
16, 1747.

8 On September 14, 1742, Mack married Jeanette Rau, whose knowl-
edge of the Mohawk dialect she had acquired in the home of her child-
hood, and of the Delaware, rendered her an efficient assistant in the
mission. She died in December of 1749.

Bishop Cammerhoff's Journey to Shamokin, Pa., 174.8. 173

language and are always ready to assist in cases of sickness.
Our smith is kept constantly employed, many Indians com-
ing from a great distance.

Recently an Indian from Wyoming came to our house,
when he was invited to enter and warm himself by the fire.
After a long silence he turned to Sr. Mack and said : " I
have been in Shamokin nearly two days and have visited in
all the houses, yet no one has offered me anything to eat.
Will not the white squaw give me something to eat, for I
am suffering ?" Thereupon she gave him some bread and
meat, for which he expressed hearty thanks and departed.

Last August turnips were planted in our lot, and the
yield was large. A quantity was distributed among our
friends, and Shikellmy, who is always delighted with a
present of some, and in return treats us to venison.

Logan's wife, who is a Mohican and a relative of Abra-
ham's,1 was much impressed with the visit of Mack and
Nathaniel last autumn. While away on the annual hunt
last November, her little daughter died, being as she in-
formed us, bewitched by a Delaware sorcerer. She immedi-
ately returned home with the body, and asked for nails and
wood to make a coffin, which we gave her. To Sr. Mack
she related that the child, shortly before it died, said to her,
" Mother, I will soon die ; greet the white people, and tell
them that I never stole turnips ; they must not suspect me
of such a theft, for when I wanted any, I asked for them."
When the mother asked whether her daughter would go to
our God, Sr. Mack replied in the affirmative, and spoke of
the love of God to children. Our brethren attended the
funeral. The mother showed them the corpse in the coffin
with its presents, viz. : a blanket, several pairs of moccassins,
buckskin for new ones, needle and thread, a kettle, two
hatchets, and flint, steel and tinder ; so that on its arrival in
the new country, it could go at once to housekeeping. Be-
sides, it was beautifully painted, and had a supply of bear's

1 "Mohican Abraham," or "Captain Abraham," was one of the first
Moravian converts. He died at Wyoming in December, 1762.

174 Bishop Cammerhoff's Journey to Shamokin, Pa.,

meat, Indian corn and a calabash. The family thought it
cruel in us not to have supplied Bro. Hagen with all these
things when he was buried, but we explained to them, that
as soon as we come to the Saviour, He would supply us
with all we needed. The mother sat by the grave, and
wept and sang ""Wake up, my child, arise and eat; for five
days ye have tasted no food — this my child was killed by the
sorcerer !" In these lamentations she was joined by another
squaw. After the funeral she presented Sr. Mack with a
quart tin, saying : " This belonged to my daughter — accept
it in remembrance of her." It is an Indian custom, that
when one dies, not all the effects are buried, but some are
reserved for distribution among friends.

During the afternoon, with Bro. Mack, we visited Shik-
ellmy and his family. Last autumn many of his fkmily
died, viz. : his wife, his oldest son's wife and five children,
three of Logan's children, and his son-in-law and some of
his children.

January 15. — This morning I sent for Shikellmy, and re-
quested him to assemble his council in our house, as I had
something to communicate to them. We decided upon the
afternoon for the interview, after which he sat awhile with
us and smoked by the hearth. The cap I was wearing
seemed to "strike his fancy," and he asked whether we
made such things in Bethlehem. " Yes," I replied, " and
if you visit Bethlehem in the spring, I will present you with
one." I then invited him to dinner, which he accepted,
deeming it a great honor. After dinner we sat around the
fire, and for nearly an hour he instructed me in the Maqua
tongue. Later he left to summon his councilors, and we
conferred with Bro. Powell, who is now to take charge ot
the Shamokin Economy. The Council met, viz. : Shikellmy
and his two sons, with Logan's wife as interpreter. His
oldest son is sick, and the other Iroquois councilors are
absent on the hunt. Bro. Mack translated my words into
Mohican to Logan's wife, she then into Shawanese to her
husband, and he into Oneida for his father. Shikellmy

Bishop Cammerhoff's Journey to Shamokin, Pa., 174-8. 175

arose and said : " Do not take it amiss, my brother, that I
speak first. You said that you wished to tell me and my
brethren some words ; but first I must tell you something.
My brother, do not take it amiss, that the smith at Shamo-
kin up to this time, has not had more meat to eat. I have
been sick, and so have my sons and their children, and
many of them have died. We have been mourning and un-
able to go on the hunt, but when we recover, we will go
on the hunt, and the smith and his wife shall have plenty
to eat."

Cammerhoff. — " Shikellmy my brother ! T'girhitontie, your
and my brother has heard of your sickness, and he sym-
pathizes with you. We rejoice to see that you are conval-
escent, and T'girhitontie wishes you to keep up a good
heart. (These remarks appeared to please them all very
much.) Shikellmy my brother ! my brother the smith, and
his brethren in Shamokin, are not dissatisfied, they have
had as much meat as was necessary. T'girhitontie and his
brethren are also not dissatisfied, but rejoice of your kind-
ness towards them."

Shikellmy. — " So far the smith has only taken deer skins
compensation for his work. Cannot he also take raccoon,
fox, wild-cat and otter skins, at the market price ? Some
of us are old and can no more follow the deer. T'girhi-
tontie and his brethren could as well take other skins and
sell them, and in this way the smith will be paid for all his
work."

Cammerhoff. — " Shikellmy my brother ! T'girhitontie
and his brethren are no traders, nor do they traffic in furs.
This is not their business, and hence the smith cannot take
all kinds of skins. The deer-skins, T'girhitontie uses to
make breeches, caps, gloves, &c., for his brethren. But as
we love you, the smith may sometimes take otter, raccoon,
and fox skins, when they are good. We have also instructed
the smith not to deliver any work until it is paid for, else he
be cheated."

Shikellmy. — " My brother ! I always have told the smith

176 Bishop Cammerhoff's Journey to Shamokin, Pa., 17 £8.

not to trust every Indian, but as soon as he mended a gun
or put it in order, to keep it until it is paid for. Why did
he trust? I knew he would be deceived!" [He aimed
this cut at the Dela wares, whom the Iroquois despised. —
Cammerhoff.]

Cammerhof. — « Shikellmy my brother ! The smith loves
the Indians, and hence he trusted them. When Indians
come to him from out of the woods with their broken guns,
he dislikes to send them back to get skins, for they would
lose several days of the hunt, hence also he trusted them.
But he finds that he is being cheated, and is unwilling to
trust any more."

Shikellmy. — " Cannot the smith also take bear and elk
skins for his work ?"

Cammerhojf. — "He can take as many bear skins as are
brought, for he and his brethren need them to sleep on.
But it is best that he be paid in deer skins, for T'girhitontie
and his people are no traders."

Shikellmy. — " Now, my brethren, I have said all I had to
say, and I thank you for your answers. Now you can
speak."

Gammer ho ff. — " Tgirhitontie and all his brethren, send
greetings to Bro. Shikellmy and his brethren ! T'girhiton-
tie said l Shikellmy my brother, I send to you this my
younger brother, to greet you and to state my joy, that you
are again well, for I love you tenderly. Johanan [Zinzen-
dorf] my brother, who lives over the great water and whom
you know, for you accompanied him to Wyoming — has
sent his younger brother over the great watei^ to greet you
and your brethren and tell them that he loves you/ I have
sent the smith here, to aid and work for you; and I rejoice
that you all love him. Continue to do so. I need my Bro.
Mack and his wife at Bethlehem, but I have sent Bro.
Powell to live with the smith and to help him. I love him
and do .you also love him.

" Shikellmy, my brother ! You said that you would give
the smith and his brethren more land to plant corn, pump-

Hishop Cammerhojps Journey to Shamokin, Pa., 174-8. 177

kins and turnips. Do as you said, so they may begin to
split rails and fence it in before planting time.

" Shikellmy my brother ! It would delight us to have
you visit Bethlehem. If you are accompanied by your son
James and his Mohican wife, and your other sons, they will
be heartily welcomed.

" I have said all that I had to say, and thank you for your
attention. You have leave to reply if you have anything to
say."

Shikellmy. — " Greet Bro. Tgirhitontie and his brethren,
and tell them, that as soon as the weather becomes warmer,
so that I can sleep in the woods, I will come to Bethlehem."

At the close gf the interview, I distributed the following
presents, viz.: to Shikellmy, a pair of fine red blankets ; to
his three sons, each a knife ; and to the Mohican woman, a
gay colored handkerchief. We then accompanied Shikellmy,
who pointed out to us the land he proposed to give to the
smith. I stated that Bro. Powell would make the rails, and
when finished, they should direct him where to run the fence.

After our return to the house we held a Conference and
resolved :

First, That the smith decline to trust.

Second, That we entertain no Indians, as it makes Shikell-
my distrustful. There are special houses provided for visit-
ing Indians in the town, and for us to lodge them would be
a mark of great confidence.

Third, The smith must decline to trust a trader.

Fourth, No Indian must be trusted on a trader's account,
lest the Indians think we will trust a trader sooner than
them.

Fifth, Our brethren must not interfere with, or pass judg-
ment in case of any dispute between Indians and traders, nor
interfere with their bargains.

Sixth, We must impress upon the Indians that we are not
traders.

Seventh, That we must not lead them into temptation by
allowing many things to be about the shop.
VOL. xxix.— 12

178 Bishop Cammerhojps Journey to Shamokin, Pa., 174.8.

Eighth, Traders shall not be entertained — send them all
to Shikellmy. The only exception is Capt. McKee.

Ninth, Always be punctiliously and scrupulously truthful
to the Indians, — never say that we have nothing, when we
have.

Tenth, Owing to our circumstances, we cannot be as hos-
pitable to the Indians here as at Bethlehem ; but always be
self-denying " to the last crust," to the needy, suffering and
sick.

Eleventh, Our brethren are to visit the Indians frequently
in their huts, and no partiality must be shown to Iroquois,
Delawares or Tudelars.

Twelfth, Strive to secure the good-will of Shikellmy and
his family, and invite them frequently to dinner.

Thirteenth, No more land is to be accepted of the Indians
than is absolutely necessary for our wants, and is to be
farmed in the Indian manner. Only corn, beans, potatoes
and turnips are to be raised.

At the conclusion of our Conference, we celebrated the
Holy Communion, all six of us being present.

January 16. — After taking leave of Shikellmy and our
brethren, at seven o'clock I set out on my return journey,
accompanied by Bro. Mack and his wife. Crossed the Span-
genberg in safety, and struck the trail which leads over the
three high ridges between the Spangenberg and the Thiirn-
stein.

Towards evening we crossed Benigna's Creek, and thence
to the Double Eagle,1 and encamped at a spring two miles
beyond. As it rained hard until midnight, we had but little
sleep.

January 17. — By three o'clock (A.M.) the weather cleared,
and the moon shining brightly, we continued on our way.
At dawn of day, as we were passing through Anna's Val-
ley,2 a sudden storm of thunder and lightening overtook

1 The "Spread Eagle" is noted on Scull's map of 1759.
a Probably Lyken's Valley. Named for Anna Nitechmann, who ac-
companied Zinzendorf to Shamokin in 1742.

Bishop Cammerhojf's Journey to Shamokin, Pa., 17 4.8. 179

us, and for one hour it rained in torrents. This was suc-
ceeded by so dense a fog, that we could scarcely see a few feet
in front of our horses. At noon we reached the Thiirnstein,
where we found deep snow. The ascent was perilous as
well as fatiguing, owing to the glib-ice. By two o'clock we
had crossed the Mountain, and struck the Swatara thence
through Anton's Wilderness,1 to the Kittatinny Hills by sun
down. Being but twelve miles from Loesh's we determined
to push on, and by ten o'clock arrived at this house, where,
although unexpected, we were given a hearty welcome.

January 19. — To-day we safely reached Bethlehem, by
the way of Heidelberg and Mexatawny.2

1 Noted on Lewis Evans' map of 1749.
3 The name of a township in Berks County.

180 Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

LBTTEKS OF JAMES H. WATMOUGH TO HIS WIFE,

1785.

BY JAMES H. WATMOUGH U.8.N.

(Continued from page 43.)

Saturday 85. Nov., in Belfast. — Oh ! my beloved : I wish
I had words adequate to describe to you the horrors of a
storm. Soon after we put to Sea, the wind came contrary,
and blew so violent a hurricane ; the current set so much to
the Northward, that we could not get back. The channel
is dangerous and bad; we beat and were tossed about at the
mercy of the waves. The storm continued increasing till
yesterday, we then attempted to get into the Isle of Man,
but the weather was so foggy and bad that we could not
weather the Island to get in to the Harbour. To stay at sea
we could not any longer without being inevitably lost, so the
Captain resolved on bearing away for this place as the only
port we could get in. The storm still continued increasing,
however, providentially, we got in at night, and happy was I
to see ourselves once more safe. This morning we came up
to Town in a Boat. Your heart my beloved Anna, would
have melted to have seen the distress of the poor passengers
in the Hold of the ship, for expecting a short passage they
were short of provisions, and a parcel of sick children. You
know I am a tolerable nurse. I had my hands full in the
Cabbin. The Town of Belfast is situated at the Head of the
Bay or Lough of Belfast, about 12 miles from the sea. We
passed the City of Carrickfergus, a place famous in the annals
of Ireland, as also for the Landing of Thurot, in the year
1759, which however, cost him dear, as he lost his life and
his squadron was captured by Corn6 Elliot. It is now a
paltry place and going to decay. Belfast is a place of con-
siderable trade, the chief market for Irish Linnens. The

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. 181

Town is small and in it there is nothing remarkable ; it is
without exception the most filthy dirty place I ever was in.
The streets are paved, but I had rather walk through the
deep clay of Wilmington, than in the street of this abomin-
able filthy place. The Linnen Hall is a large building 386
feet by 250 feet; I went in to see it, but at present there is
no Linnens in it ; they tell me it is full four times a year.
The Exchange is a neat place, and the New Church is as
elegant a building as ever I saw ; the inside is real Mahogony,
which makes it look gloomy. There is a play House in the
Town : I went to see the " Beaux Stratagem," the farce
was " Midas." The House is small, the musick shocking,
the Actors but yidifferent, except one, a Mr. Lee Lewis, who
is from London. I wish I had something worthy your notice
to mention, but helas ! Belfast is everything that is dirty and
indifferent. It is now Monday, and still detained here; the
volatile Lady keeps up all our Spirits. I am invited to the
play by Mr. Lewis and his Lady, also to sup and drink Tea
with them ; therefore you may expect something tomorrow
from me, — so adieu, My beloved Anna!

Tuesday 22. Nov. — I was at the play last night; they acted
" Which is the man," a most excellent comedy. I never
was more entertained at a play; the characters were all
well supported; Lewis shone in that of Lord Sparkle. I
shall send you the play by Capt. Gilpin; the farce was
"High Life below stairs;" you know it is a vulgar piece.
The House was full and some very well looking women
though not dressed in best style — rather in the outre* of
the old style. I supped with Lewis, the actor; his wife is
a fine woman, and exceeding sensible ; I was well pleased
with her; she and our volatile fair passenger, made wit
pass about gallantly. You may condemn me for my ac-
quaintance, but we retired home at midnight. This part
of the Country is terrible, we have nothing but rain. I am
now happy to inform you, the wind has got fair, (if you
knew it at present, as also my situation) I am sure my
beloved Anna ! you would say was the best thing yet men-

182 Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

tioned in my Journal; — I hope soon now to get to my
Destined port, and meet Gilpin, who will then convey my
Epistles to you. Should he be sailed for America, (I
tremble at the thought) What would you think of me ? I
doubt not but in Liverpool they will think the pacquet lost ;
Gilpin will undoubtedly imagine I was in her. Cap>n. Gil-
pin used me very ill, in leaving me behind at Cork. I am
called to go on board ; Adieu to Belfast, never, never do I
desire to put my feet in the disagreeable, filthy place again.
Adieu my love ! I hope soon to renew my Journal in that
blest Isle, Britain. There was at the play a Lady that re-
sembled you ; I believe she thought me very impertinent
for I gazed very hard at her; it gave me some satisfaction,
as it put agreeable ideas of my beloved Anna in my head.
Adieu !

Liverpool, 7. Decem. — Happy at last my well beloved ! in
writing from this place. We sailed from the Harbors of
Belfast on the 29th, past, early in the morning, but did not
make much progress, as it was calm, but in the evening the
wind got round to the North- West and blew a fresh gale.
The next morning, made the Welsh Coast, and about five
in the evening landed. We all adjourned to a public House,
and the next day I got into private Lodgings at a Miss
Glegge, in Drury lane. I was made happy the next morn-
ing in finding Gilpin was arrived that day, accordingly I
got my things ashore, as well from the paquet as from the
Brigg, and cleared them at the Custom house. Now as
soon as I have finished my letters to go out by Gilpin, I
shall loose no time, and proceed on to London from whence
my next shall be directed to you. I have seen Liverpool
and of course must attempt to describe it to you. It is
situated on the North side of the River Mersey, about three
miles from the sea, and though a large commercial Town,
the navigation to it is intricate and dangerous to strangers ;
the tide is rapid, and ebbs and flows very considerable, ac-
cordingly for the safety of shipping, they have been obliged
to build docks for them, which are grand and spacious ;

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.- 183

they have cost an immenaeity of money, and from the num-
ber of ships in them, the major part of them large and
beautifull, a stranger is immediately struck with amazement
at the commerce and riches that must naturally come and
go from this place. I am informed that really more ship-
ping are owned here than in London ; their Guinae Trade
alone employs near 200 sail of large shipping ; their W.
India trade twice the number; on the whole, between 1500
and 2000 sail of ships are owned in Liverpool. Every
person in the place are in Trade ; in the last 30 years Liv-
erpool has become twice its size. In the begenning of this
century the Town was a paltry place, but now is the second
place of Trade in the Kingdom. The new streets are
spacious and well built, Duke Street in particular is elegant ;
some of the squares are neat, particularly Clayton Square
and Williamson square ; in this last is the Theatre which
is a neat and elegant House at which I was much pleased
being well contrived for the Spectators to come in and go
out. I saw them act several peices, though none of the
actors are Capital, they are in general tolerable. I saw the
other night " Venice preserved," Jaffier by a Major Hallay-
day, and Pierre by a Captn Hash, both of the Army ; they
really acted well as private gentlemen : Belvedere by Mrs.
Kemble; she did exceeding well, tho' the first time she
appeared in that Character. I saw Major Hallayday act
Hamlet, was pleased with him. The Churches in Liver-
pool are in general beautiful, of Hewn stone ; the Exchange
is a spacious building, but from the overload of Archi-
tectural ornaments appears very heavy and clumsy. The
Concert room is a large, neat building. The Corporation
of Liverpool are very public spirited ; they buy up all the
old Houses, enlarge the streets, and build new ones in a
tasty style, which they either lett or sell, as may suit the
people ; in short, this place bids fair to be in the course of
a few years an elegant place. The form is now a half circle,
but from the building going forward, will soon become a
square. The people are by no means sociable, being all

184 Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

merchants, they are reserved to strangers. I had a letter
to a Mr. Leland, but though I waited on him twice, left a
card, still he never returned my visit ; he had however, the
politeness to ask me if I wanted any money. The women
in general are neither handsome or ugly ; I have not seen
one handsome woman in Liverpool, though have been at
all public places ; nor do they dress tolerable. There is
here a most elegant Inn ; the building is large and fitted up
in the most elegant manner ; the Coffee room is about 70
feet by 30, kept in the most neat and cleanly manner. I
was amazed at the neatness of it. The man showed me
the whole House ; they accommodate to dinner between 6
and 700 people. Living is cheap, and the markets well
supplied, and I believe House rent is reasonable. I have
nothing more to say respecting this town.

Thus far, my Dear Anna ! I have transmitted you my
remarks per Gilpin, who has also two private letters for
you, also one for Mr. Footman, one for our Dear sister
Sally, also a Box containing two pieces of Chintz, 2 Shawls,
some books, needles, pins, etc., which I hope you will re-
ceive safe. Adieu My beloved Anna! to-morrow I start
for London, and believe me most devotedly

Yours

J. H. W.

LIVERPOOL, 7 Dec. 1786.

Letter 2d.
MY DEAREST ANNA.

The continued rains and exceeding bad weather detained
me in Liverpool till this day, Monday the 18. Dec. I
crossed the River, took a post>chaise for Chester in com-
pany with a Mr. Foster; we stopped at a small place called
Wesson. I waited on the old Lady, I mentioned to you in
my last ; conversation with her I shall mention to you in
my private line. We arrived in Chester in the evening,
put up at the White Lion. The ride from London to
Chester is very bad, being a bye road and the rains had

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. 186

made it almost intolerable. I was sorry no stage was to
post till Wednesday morning.

19. Dec. — I walked round the walls of the City, and
went to see everything that was worthy of notice. This
City is one of the most antient in England, and is really a
curiosity, the walk on the Top of the Walls is really ele-
gant, and the prospect from them elegant. The Town ie
situated on the River Dee, the circumference of it is about
ten miles and a half — not much more; there is an old
Castle, which is now Garrisoned by some invalids; the
Cathedral is an antient building and very extensive, the
style is Gothic ; the choir is really beautiful and the carved
work and ornaments are peculiar, more to be admired for
their antiquify than for anything else. Besides the choir,
their is a Chapel in the Cathedral, and also a Parish
Church, and an amazing extensive Hall, in which are many
elegant monuments; round the Choir are several antient
tombs. They opened one in which was a leaden coffin ;
the keeper told me was the Tomb of Henry the Fourth,
Emperor of Germany ; I told the man that I believed he
must be mistaken, for that Henry was murdered by his
own son in Germany, and that of course he would hardly
be sent to Chester to be interred; but these keepers
must have something to amuse the people with and some-
thing wonderful to relate. I took no pains to contradict
him. The Cathedral was really worth seeing ; it suffered
considerably during Cromwell's usurpation. The Town is
very singularly built ; the Houses are all antique, the streets
narrow, few people walk in them — as for Foot passage they
go up steps : — and passages leads nearly similar to a Gal-
lery in the Houses ; and you have shops each side of you,
and the second story of the Houses, goes over your Heads,
therefore, at all times, you are sheltered, it really forms an
odd appearance. Some parts of the Town is built in the
modern style, and those Houses are neat if not elegant.
The Bisop's palace, ajoining the Cathedral, was formerly
a part of the monastry but is now a little modernized. The

186 Letters of J aims H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

Trade of Chester is triffling, excepting the fair held twice a
year for Irish linnens ; they have a cotton manufactory, but
it is in its infancy. I saw a remarkable Mill here, worked
merely by steam of boiling water, it grinds with five pair
of stones — it is really a curious piece of Mechanism, in-
vented by a Mr. Bolton, who has a patent for the making
of them ; where fuel is cheap and water scarce, they are
amazing useful.

December 30, at 3 o'clock on the morning, I left Chester,
in the post coach, it snowed and was disagreeable weather,
and being solus, made it very uncomfortable. I arrived
just at daylight at Whitechurch, the first Town in Shrop-
shire, where at the stage house we breakfast and take fresh
Horses.

As we rode through the Town I was pleased with it,
being a neat, well built place, and though only an inland
trade, the people all appeared busy and industrious ; it is 20
miles from Chester. We passed through Fernhill and
Newport, as also through several neat Villages ; the Country
was elegant and highly improved. Shropshire is reckoned
one of the most fruitful Counties in England. We passed
several elegant seats, particularly those of a Mr. Sandford,
Lord Clive, a Sir R. Halls, and many others whose names I
did not learn. Newport is a considerable Town and neatly
built; the improvements of a Mr. Lloyd about it are con-
siderable and extensive. Four miles beyond Newport we
entered Staffordshire, the first sixteen miles was really ele-
gant and a rich Country; we passed a most magnificent

seat of a Sir Bridgham; his House, out Houses etc.,

appeared like a small Town. We passed several Towns of
small note, and arrived at 4 oclock at Stonall, 54 miles
from Chester, dined here. We soon left this place and
rode over an immense heath ; it was about 7 miles broad,
only here and there are improvements, it belongs to Lord
Thanet ; it is near 30 miles long, and it is a pity it is not
improved. On the Heath are very considerable coal mines,
which supply the neighboring Towns of Litchfield, Bir-

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. 187

mingham and Coventry. I arrived at the last mentioned
place at about nine oclock at night ; it is in Warwickshire.
Staffordshire is famous for its manufactories of Queensware,
porcelain etc., which supply almost the whole world, and is
brought to the greatest perfection by Mr. Wedgewood,
Wolfe, and others ; the latter Gentleman invited me to his
House, but my hurry to get to London, deprived me of that
pleasure. Coventry is a poor insignificant Town, but very
antient, famous for the manufactory of Ribbons and Gowns.
Very few genteel families reside in it; the present Mayor of
Coventry is a peruke-maker and Hair dresser ; from which
you may easily judge of the consequence. The Country
about it, is beautiful, and I heartiful wished to have had day
light to have seen it. I left this place at four in the morn-
ing of the 21st, passed the Town of Dunchurch, and entered
Northamptonshire; arrived at Daventry, 19 miles from
Coventry, at about 9 o'clock, and breakfasted. It is a
small market Town ; took up a Young Gentleman who is
going to London for the Hollidays ; I was happy to have
some body to talk with. This is an elegant Country and
exceeding well wooded, and we had not left Daventry above
two miles, before our driver had a quarrel with a Carter on
the road; — from words a challenge ensued; they both
stripped, had a boxing match, and in about eight minutes
victory was in favor of the Carter. I cannot say but I was
pleased as the Coachman was the first offender. Some
more blows were given, the Coachman had two black eyes,
a most terrible bruised nose, and looked miserably, he how-
ever, dressed, mounted his box and drove on. We passed
Towcester, near which is the elegant seat of Earl Pomfert ;
the House is beautiful. From Towcester to Stony Strafford
is 8 miles, six miles of which you ride through the seat or
grounds of the Duke of Grafton, called Wakefield Lodge.
His lands are 17 miles wide; the forest is elegant; this
place belongs to the Crown, but the Grafton family are
Hereditary Rangers thereof, which brings him in an immense
revenue. The Timber is for the use of the Navy.

188 Letters of James ff. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

Stony Strafford, is a neat clever Town ; here we changed
Horses and carriage, and took up an elderly Lady. We
soon entered Bedfordshire, passed the Town of Brickhill,
and after passing through a delightful Country, and crossed
an immense high mountain which was entirely chalk, we
arrived at Dunstable about 3 o'clock in the afternoon, 57
miles from Coventry. Had we taken the road through
Northhampton, we should have passed the seat of the Duke
of Bedford, called Wooburn Abbey ; but we left it on the
left, about 2 miles. At Dunstable we dined ; this Town is
remarkable for nothing but the Hats which are called after
it and made here ; from hence to St. Albans, in Hartford-
shire, is 12 miles. As it became soon dark, I can say
nothing about the Country, except that as it advances near
the Metropolis, you may imagine it is highly improved and
filled with seats of the Nobility and Gentry. St. Albans is
a very old Town and large, and gives the Title of Duke, or
more properly speaking is a Duchy, there is the remains of
an old convent, I was exceedingly sorry it was dark, as
the improvements about here are grand. We passed Barnet,
another small but neat Town, just the entrance of Middle-
sex. Leaving Barnet we crossed Finchley Common, a
noted place for Highwaymen, but as all coaches travel with
a Guard, it now seldom happens they are stopped. We
arrived at Highgate about J past 8 o'clock, and as soon as
the coach stopped at the Inn, some chaps came out to swear
us at Highgate ; Mrs. Footman will inform you of the cere-
mony. I could not help smiling at the different ways peo-
ple have to get money to drink. At Highgate they have
had this custom time immemorial. This place though for-
merly 6 miles from London, now joins it, for from hence
through Bentish Town and Tothill Court>road is one con-
tinued line of buildings. We arrived at the Golden Cross
Charing Cross at } past nine o'clock; I was heartily
fatigued, being just 186 miles from Chester. I lodged at
the Inn and was so tired that I did not get up till near 12
o'clock the next day.

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. 189

Dec. 22nd- — I walked down to my friend Jordan's, only
about four miles ; he was astonished to see me and insisted
on my making his House my Headquarters. I found my
friends both of London and Amsterdam were at Bath, and
my other friends out in the Country for the Holydays.
Mr. J. sent for my trunks, and I went with him to his
father's seat near Chislehurst, in Kent, about 15 miles from
London, where I was most friendly received. The place is
elegant and the House spacious, and in the neighborhood
are the seats of Lord Camden and Lord Sydny. On Xrnas
day dined with a Mr. Bernard, and on Tuesday, 26th, re-
turned to London. I went to Mr. Winthorps, who received
me most cordially, and gave me one invitation to make his
House my own when not better engaged. His Children
are grown up, they were exceeding happy to see me and
asked me many questions about you. On Saturday dined

with a Mr. and M™. S , went with them to Drury Lane

Theatre, saw " Every man in his Humor," with " Harlequins
Invasion," I wished most ardently that you and our dear
sister were there : — Smith did Betely wonderfully, Young
Bannister Cap*. Bobbadil; I was exceedingly entertained.
Drury Lane play House is neat and elegant ; the Boxes all
with crimson paper and a neat gold Border ; the Musick
was divine. The Boxes were filled with Belles ; it is the
fashion for Ladies to come in dishabille, neither Cap nor
Hat; you can see this custom is the Ton. After the play
I went to M™. L.'s seat, at Peckham, in Surry, and spent
the Sunday most agreeably with them and their amiable
family of Young Ladies. I have walked about this over-
grown City ; I shall then attempt to give you a small de-
scription, as by that time I shall have seen it and its curi-
osities. It is eight years since I was in London, and I am
confident it is one-fifth larger than it was then and amaz-
ingly improved. Apropos Col. Smith is married to Miss
Adams, our Ambassador's daughter. The Prince of Wales
is in London, he pretends to be amazingly poor, in order
to get money to support Fox against Pitt ; he even pretends

190 Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

to be a Bankrupt; he has called his creditors together;
stopped the Building of his Palace ; in short he is using
every artifice to raise compassion in the minds of the people
to get money ; — he has no other wants but money to use in
Political persuits. I am told he has quarreled with Mrs.
Fitzherbert, his supposed wife ; — what a fool that woman
must be with £8000 per annum, to become the mistress of
the Prince of Wales. He is a handsome, elegant man, (so
much in his praise); his sisters are three divinities, and
universally admired and adored. The Duchess of Devon-
shire is become domesticated, suckles her child, seldom
goes to Court. In my next, I shall have an abundance to
relate. I shall now conclude, Adieu my ever beloved
Anna!

I remain

Yours

J. H. W.
LONDON, 2 Jany. 1787.

(To be continued.)

Letters of Some Members of the Old Congress. 191

LETTBKS OF SOME MEMBERS OF THE OLD
CONGRESS.

[The originals of the following letters of some members of the Old
Congress, are in the Ferdinand J. Dreer Collection of Manuscripts, of
The Historical Society of Pennsylvania.]

SELECTED BY MISS J. C. WYLIE, CUSTODIAN.

Gunning Bedford to (Gen'l Schuyler ?)

PHILADA March 20th 1776
HOND SIR,

I transmit you by the hands of my worthy friend Mr.
Chase, the Hells of three Regiments. I have now in my
hands five more raised in this Province, and one in the
three lower counties on Delaware. The Rolls of two of
them are nearly compleated, and shall be able to transmit
them in a few days, the rest in the course of a few weeks.

I understand you were pleased some time ago to write to
the Congress, to order the M. Master to the northward, An
order in consequence passed for my repairing immediately
to Canady, but before this, I had received instructions to
muster the Troops above mentioned & when I waited on the
Presid* Col. Hancock, he told me the orders for Canady
were not to be complied with until I had gone through the
troops I had previous orders to muster, & then, that I should
repair to you at "N. York & take your directions respecting
the Troops stationed there, as to my going to Canada, he
could not see the necessity of it, for there was a Deputy
appointed by Genl. Wooster there & the appointment con-
firmed by Congress, that it was impossible I could attend
at Canady & New York too, and that there was a necessity
for a M. Master at each place; & further, that by a late re-
solve, I was confined to the Middle Department, including
N. York, the Jersies, Pennsylvania, the lower counties &
Maryland.

Mr. Chase tels me the order of Congress is positive for
my going to Canady, & he is apprehensive some difficulties
may arise from Col. Hancock's construction differing there-
from. I should be extreemly sorry anything of the kind
should happen, especially if it might reflect on my ready-
ness to obey the orders of Congress. Mr. Hancock as

192 Letters of Some Members of the Old Congress.

Presid* I should think, is the person from whome I am to
receive the orders of Congress, they are as above, & I am
now acting in obedience to them. But on another principle
(I speak it with great diffidence) had the Congress consulted
the saving to the publick, the order would have run, as Mr.
Hancock has directed me to act, For if I was to comply
with the order, there must be a Deputy here, there must
some one attend at N. York, & I go to Canadft where there
is a person already acting in my Department & who must
have got near thro' the army before I would get there.

What the Congress have done, I know they have done,
thinking it was what you wished to have them do, & I am
satisfied if there can any difficulties attend the matter with
one word you can set them all to rights. I flatter myself
Hond Sir, your good wishes towards me are such that I need
say no more in order to insure your interest in case of need.
I confess it would be more agreeable to me to be within
the limits of your command & confined to the middle De-
partment ; Canada is at so great a distance I could by no
means make it so convenient & here I am almost within the
circle of my connections.

In the course of about three weeks, I expect I shall be
able to set out for ET. York & should be glad to meet your
orders in what manner to proceed,

Chase seems pleased with his tour to Canady ; it may be
very agreeable when he gets there, but I am afraid he will not
find the journey so comfortable, I recommend him strongly
to worthy Mrs. Schuyler, for a supply of stores to help him
across the lakes ; you will be pleased to make my best com-
pliments to her & to the rest of your good family. I can
assure you they took much of the severity off of the severest
part of my campaign & could he be so happy as to be in-
dulged with as much of their company, I am convinced he
would find equal benefit.

I have the honor to be Dear Sir with much respect,
Your much oblidged

Most obediant

Very Hble Serv*

G. BEDFORD.

William Duer to Gov. George Clinton.
SIR,

Notwithstanding I have had for some Time Leave of
absence to return to New York. I have forbore availing my-

Letters of Some Members of the Old Congress. 193

self of it, till such time as I was relieved by one of the
other Delegates, not chusing, at a very important Crisis, to
leave the State unrepresented.

By my long absence in Convention and in Congress my
private affairs have got into the utmost anarchy and Confu-
sion, and my Health, though somewhat mended from what
it was a month since, much Impaired ; — I therefore flatter
myself that you will be kind enough to inform the Council
of Safety, that I shall not be able, consistent with the Duty
I owe to myself to stay at this Place longer than the 25th
Inst. and to urge them to send proper Persons to represent
the State. Before that Time, I am certain that the Articles
of Confederation will be completed in Congress, as at this
Day, there is only one or two Clauses remaining for Decision.

I trust that you Sir, and the honorable Council will do
me the Justice to think that nothing but the most urgent
Necessity could induce me to leave the State unrepresented
in Congress, I trust however that Mr. Gouv: Morris will be
here before I quit this Place.

I am, Sir, with very great Respect

Your Excellency's and the Council's
Most obedfc Hble Servt.

YORK TOWN, PENNS* WM. DUBR.

Nov. 9th. 1777.
His Excellency

GEO CLINTON ESQ,

Gov of the State of New York.

Abraham Clark to Lard Stirling.

YORK TOWN, Decr 20, 1777.
MY LORD,

We have been much alarmed by a report that the Army
was going into Winter quarters in or about Wilmington,
thereby leaving New Jersey and a great part of Penns* in-
tirely open to the Enemy. This supposed measure pro-
duced several Resolutions of Congress, which, with a Remon-
strance on that subject from the Legislature of Penns* are
forwarded to the Commander-in-Chief requesting his par-
ticular attention to the Security of New Jersey &c. We
had before Congress the Opinions of the General officers
respecting proper places for Cantoning the Army, and with
great pleasure find you in favour of the Valley near Schuyl-
kill, which in the judgment of all or most I have met with
VOL. xxix. — 13

194 Letters of Some Members of the Old Congress.

is the only place for defending the Country and preventing
Supplies to the Enemy, as the Army at Wilmington would
leave great part of Penns* and Jersey greatly exposed to the
Enemys Ravages, the shiping up Delaware would be lost
and all the extensive Salt works in Jersey destroyed, and
not unlikely a general defection take place in this State, and
many parts of Jersey, and Supplies for the Army from the
Eastern States greatly Obstructed. It is now said the
Army are sitting down in the Valley which I heartily wish
may be true.

Many have long depended upon the interference of France
in our favour, they indeed supply us with many necessaries,
but no certain prospect opens of their declaring war. Their
timid court are unable to shake off a Dread of Great
Britain, they wish us well but dare not openly espouse our
Cause. Spain is so intirely taken up with her Portugal
affairs, that she has almost forgotten us. Austria, Prussia
& Rusia are all seeking their own interest and Meditating a
Division of the Turkish Dominion, and but little regard the
Dispute between us and great Britain. Our Enemies are
busy in supplicating Supplies from Germany, from whence
she may draw a small reinforcement but must principly
depend upon their own subjects. We also must depend
upon our own force relying upon the blessing of Heaven for
success. France & Spain appear to have something impor-
tant in view by sending troops to the West Indies, but their
designs are wholly unknown to us and perhaps undeter-
mined by them.

A ship from France lately arrived at Portsmouth in New
Hampshire with 48 brass field pieces four pounders with
Carriages compleat ; 19 nine Inch Mortars with Shells, Can-
non Shot, small Arms, Powder & Sulpher. We have a
prospect of soon having in our power a full supply of
Cloathing for the Army.

We have no late news from France, I have given the sub-
stance of the latest. I am my Lord,

Your Obed* Hum. Serv*,

LORD STIRLING. ABRA. CLARK.

Josiah Bartlett to Nicholas JFolsom.

YORK TOWN June 12th 1778
DEAR SIR,

I arrived here the 218t ult° & was obliged to put up at
Stake's Tavern for several Days before I could procure other

Letters of Some Members of the Old Congress. 195

Lodgings ; I now put up at one Hoffman's on the west side
of the Bridge quite at the west end of the town at a Ger-
man House, where I am obliged to be a German in most
Respects. We have been in hopes ever since I arrived here,
that we should soon get back to Philadelphia, But the
accounts from thence are so various & contradictory and the
arrival of the Brittish Commis™ makes the Enemys Design
of Removal somewhat Problematical; If they mean to
Evacuate the place, I expect it will soon be Effected, as
Gen'l. Washington has Removed our army towards the
City ; The latter end of May Genl. Clinton & Lord Howe
sent the late famous Acts of the Brittish Parliament to G.
Washington and requested leave to send out a person to
him, which He Refused & informed them that if what they
had to communicate to him was what came under the mili-
tary Department, He Desired it might be sent him in
writing, but if it was of any other nature their application
ought to be made to Congress ; The Beginning of this month
they sent the same acts in a letter signed by Ld Howe & G.
Clinton Directed to the President of Congress signifying
their being authentick copies & saying they wished they
might have the Desired effect, the Congress Directed the
President to inform them that when the King of England
was seriously inclined to put an end to the cruel and unpro-
voked war he had waged against the United States they
would readily concur in all proper measures consistent with
the Rights of Independant Nations ; The Interest of their
Constituents & the sacred Regard they owed to Treaties ;
The 9th Instant Genl. Clinton sent a letter to G. Washing-
ton informing him of the arrival of the Earl of Carlisle,
Mr. Eden & Governor Johnstone the Commis™ and Request-
ing him to grant passports to Dr. Ferguson their Secretary
to repair the next morning with letters to Congress ; G.
Washington Refused the passports till he Rec'd the order
of Congress on that matter; the Congress have not yet
delivered on it I believe he will not be permitted to come
to Congress But G. Washington ordered to Receive the
letters at the line & send them to us. A French ship of 50
guns is arrived at Virginia with Cloathing &c. &c.

The Congress have not yet Ratified the Confederation,
two or 3 of the States not having signified their assent, I
expect it will not be long before it will be confirmed. The
Indians & some Tories have committed Depredations on the

196 Letters of Some Members of the Old Congress.

western parts of this State & Virginia, Measures are taking
to chastise them I hope effectually.

Give my sincere regards to the Council of Safety &
accept the same yourself from him who is your sincere
friend

And Humble Serv*

JOSIAH BARTLETT.
GENERAL FOLSOM.

Silas Deane to John Hancock.

PHILADELPHIA, Septem1 14, 1778
DEAR SIR,

I have not had the Pleasure of a Line from you since you
left us, which I impute to your having been so much en-
gaged in public Business. I hope the Articles sent you
arrived safe and were found to satisfaction and that we shall
soon have the Pleasure of seeing you again in Philadelphia
by one means or another. The affairs which respect me
have dragg'd on so heavily that nothing decisive has been
done though I have been constantly applying, and my
Patience is really worn out, & I cannot & will not longer
endure a Treatment, which carries with it marks of the
deepest ingratitude, but if the Congress have not Time to
hear a man who they have sent for Four Thousand Miles,
solely under the pretence of receiving Intelligence from
him, it is Time that the good people of this Continent
should know the manner in which their Representatives
Conduct the public Business, and how they treat their Fel-
low Citizens, who have rendered their Country, the most
important Services.

I freely appeal to every man of honor, & feelings, and
will be content to be judged from what passes in his own
breast, on supposing himself but for one moment exactly in
my Situation. A Majority of Congress are disposed to do
me justice, & complain of my being delayed in the manner
I am from day to day, and from week to week, but you
know that in Congress a few men can put oft* the decision
of any Question by one means or other as long as they
please, and you are not a stranger to what a certain Trium-
virate, who have been from the first members of Congress
are equall. The baseness and ingratitude of one of them
you have sufficiently experienced in private Life, to know
him capable of anything in public, — and my old Colleague

Letters of Some Members of the Old Congress. 197

Roger the Jesuit, with their Southern associates, have been
indefatigable ever since my arrival, Roger, indeed is at pres-
ent on a Tour, to the Army and thence to Newhaven, to
stir up the pure Minds of the Faithful there against the
next Election of delegates, he is expected back in a few
Days, when perhaps they will be ready to take the Feild,
after having suggested in whispers everything that could
tend to hurt the man they causelessly attack — I am no
way discouraged, but I am greived to find our Councils, &
our public deliberations conducted in the manner they are
at present. — The very name of Congress, was a great while
sacred, almost as that of the Divinity in these States, you as
well as I know how much weakness to say nothing more,
lay concealed from the first behind the sacred vail, from the
view of the public. I tremble for the Consequences, when
Americans who 1iave served their Country with the highest
reputation at home, and abroad, shall be forced by the
Injuries and abuse which they receive, in vindication of
themselves to draw this vail and hold up to the open view
of their Countrymen certain individuals, who have by one
circumstance or another greatly influenced the deliberations
of Congress. Self Defence is the first Law of Nature — I
hope, and am sure I shall not be driven to this extremity
whilst so many appear resolv'd to see justice done me. I
will not add, but that I most impatiently expect you here,
and hope that you will bring Mrs. Hancock with you, to
whom I pray you present my most respectful Compliments.

I am ever with the most sincere attachment
Dr Sir your most Obe* and

Very hum1' Servt

SILAS DEANB.

HONBLB J. HANCOCK.

Elias Boudinot to Elisha BoudinoL

PHELADELPHIA, April 1st 1779
MY DEAR BROTHER.

I am a little surprised that I have not rec'd a Line from
you in so long a Time ; neither have I heard a Syllable from
Home for three weeks. I have wrote you several Times,
which I hope you have received. I am weary of this ex-
travagant City, and yet I know not when I shall get out of
it, I suppose by that Time I have spent my years Pay.
I dined yesterday at a Friends, who had a roasting piece of

198 Letters of Some Members of the Old Congress.

Beef for Dinner, and he assured me it cost him £11 : 5 : 0.
God only knows where the depretiation of our money will
end. I am racking my Brain upon a Plan to be laid before

C for appretiating it, which I have vanity to hope will

answer a valuable Purpose. I dare not write you any News
as there is no dependance upon any Thing you hear. I have
sold Dr. Burnet's Bills of Exch. for 6 for one, or as it is
called here 9 for 1 that is £900 Currency for £100 Sterl.
making Six Continental Dollars for one Continental Dollar
mentioned in the Bill.

If I should not get to the Supream Court, I beg you will
appear for Genl. Wayne in case any indictment is found
ag* him, or enter mine for him. I hope to finish here next
week, but it is an uphill Cause, to get anything done here.

I have been laid up with a severe pain in my Jaws &
Teeth which alarmed me much, as I expected my ffever
would have been brought on by it, — but thank a kind &
gracious God, I am much better.

My kind Love to Sister, Mr. & Mrs. South, — let them
know that Belcher is well & determined to repair Home,
which I think the most elegible Scheme, considering his
Time of Life.

Am my Dear Brother

Yours very Afftlj

ELISHA BOUDINOT ESQ. EtIAS BOUDINOT.

Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer to John Hall.

PHILA. May 15th 1781
DEAR SIR,

The late scale of Depreciation as laid down by the Presid*
& Council of this state, has thrown every thing into Confu-
sion ; no Money except hard will pass in this City but at
the most ruinous rate. Our Northern Army is starving, &
Congress have it not in their power to remove one hundred
barrels of Flour.

I received from the Treasurer of our State Three hun-
dred & forty pounds of the New Emission in Consequence
of an order from the Gov. & Council, part of this money I
exchanged for Continental being told it was money that was
preferred in Phil* to any other paper. On my way up I met
numbers of speculators from Phila. with quantities of Conti-
nental to pass it off in our State. How they succeeded I know

Letters of Some Menders of the Old Congress. 199

not, but that, nor any other paper will now pass in this City
but at the most destructive rate, I have therefore returned the
Continental to Mr. Stone in hopes the Assembly will give
directions to the Treasurer to receive this money in exchange
for Bills of the New Emission, I should also have returned
the New Bills (for I cannot pass them here) but they are too
bulky. What the Maryland Delegates will do for want of
Money, I do not know, there is but one mode by which
they can be supply ed i.e., to order a quantity of superfine
Flour, to be manufactured at the Head of the Bay, Super-
fine flour will command hard money, Should this plan be
adopted by the Assembly or the Governor & Council Mr.
Joseph Gilpin will execute it with dispatch. Col. Hollings-
worth has too much upon his hands to pay proper attention
to this business, besides he might not be in the way when
this order might arrive at the head of Elk. Had I hard
money or could I procure it on my own Credit, I should
not hesitate to pledge myself. If no mode of supply can
be fallen upon, I must soon return to Maryland.

Our affairs are in a most wretched situation. Congress is
at its wits End — everything at a stand and unless the French
fleet and army arrive very soon, we shall in all probability be
in the most deplorable situation.

The navigation of the Mississippi has prevented us from
procuring supplies from Spain, Congress have relaxed &
made this point in the Ultimatum negotiable, but too late
for any supplies for this Campaign. The Emperor has de-
fered his Mediation, I fear that there is too good an under-
standing between the Courts of Vienna & London.

We have received no late advices from Europe. — With
my respectful Compliments to Mrs. Hall, I am

Dear Sir
Your affectionate friend

DAN OF S THOS JENIFER.

To JOHN HALL, ESQ.

Annapolis

Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer to (John Hall?)

PHILA. May 28* 1781.
MY DEAR SIR,

I thank you for your favor of the 25th The Enemy's
Cruizers being in our Bay & Rivers I conceived would pre-
vent the General assemblys meeting so soon as the Exigency

200 Letters of Some Members of the Old Congress.

of our affairs required, it is now neck or nothing every ex-
ertion must be used this Campaign to prevent the Southern
States being overrun. Every dispersion of the Enemy has
its effect, & altho the prize be small yet it encourages enter-
prize.

Yesterday & today arrived from the Eight saiPof

vessels with Hard Money. The merchants I am told pay
very little regard to the embargo Law, indeed the State has
not money to purchase the third of any vessels Cargo even
were it to be offered to the President & Council.

The Pennsylvania Line I believe is now on their March —
General Wayne was obliged to order a Platoon to fire on
part of the right wing who refused to March, four of the
Mutineers were killed, one man it is said had 23 Balls
through him.

Your Delegates are without Money or Credit. What are
they to do, none but hard will pass at this place unless it be
on the most ruinous terms. . . .

There never has been a time when Men of abilities were
more necessary in Congress than at present, therefore I wish
that proper attention may be paid to the Delegates letter by
this Post to the general Assembly. We are not at liberty
to disclose particulars, but the sooner an addition is made to
the Delegation the better as delay cannot be admitted
Altho at every Post want prevails, yet I flatter myself that
our affairs will soon look up & that supplies will soon be had.

I wish you and your little woman health and happiness
and am very truly

My dear friend

Your affectionate Serv*

DAN. OF S THOS JENIFER.

Mr. Cumberland was about
leaving Madrid the 9th of Mar.
I think his stay there was
rather too long for the United States —
Mr. Carroll is not very well.

George Clymer to Henry Hill, Philadelphia.

DEAR SIR,

I wrote to Sam the Day after our arrival here and was
then in hopes that would have been the last Letter from
this Place which we had determined to leave as soon as
a passage could be got to R. Island, but on Enquiry there

Letters of Some Members of the Old Congress. 201

was no Packet, nor is there one arrived yet, so that we must
have a little Patience and wait here. Mr. Dickenson's
Horses are sick and galled and mine have been greatly
hurt by certain green headed flies that ply at the Ferries
about Newark, in the mean Time the Ladies are making
daily Excursions, and yesterday by a near view of Hellgate
wore away considerably the Terrors which the necessity of
passing through it had inspired them. Betsy wants a pot
hook or two from her 2 Dutch School Boys, while I think
every thing goes well when I don't hear to the contrary.

So many Inconveniences unforeseen in going through
Connecticut that we have determined to stay here even a
Week longer for a Passage, so that in all probability a
Letter will reach Us here, and fail not at your Peril. Betsy
is much delighted with the pretty Country Seats here, of
which there are a great number — the views are fine and
greatly surpass our own.

As to Politicks I know nothing of them — Boston is a
better Field. McDougal, Sears and Lamb are unknown to
me, and as to the Politicians on the other side the Question
I have only eat and drank with them. Here is great Strife
and Contention but what is the Subject or who are the
parties, I can hardly tell you.

I ajn in a very bad Humour for writing but my "Wife
and Wives will have their way, has forced me to it. This
Day was set apart for a jaunt to Long Island but having an
Invitation a Day or two hence to dine there with a Lady of
the Family of the Livingstons we have put it off to that
Day — What think you of Black Fish, I have taken very
kindly to them not having ea't two ounces of Flesh Meat
since I have been at N. Y. — Lobsters I have a proper Re-
spect for, and do not pass by Crabs unnoticed — Beef and
Mutton seem to be forgot with me at present but will be
resumed in the Fall and Winter. Let Betsy's Love and my
Compliments to Mrs. Hill close,

Your mo. ob* S*

G. CLYMER.

WEDNESDAY 13 July [1774] N. YORK.

John Dickinson to John Hall.
DEAR SIR,

I have received your Letter of the 23d of last Month, &
tho' it begins with a Complaint, I do not find myself pro-

202 Letters of Some Members of the Old Congress.

voked to make such a Recrimination as you apprehend —
that you write too much.

Indeed, if I was not a very just Man, who am unwilling
to receive Presents of the greatest Value, without making
some little Returns, such as are in my Power, I should lay
hold of your Promise, " to keep writing, till I inform you
that I don't care to be pesterd with any more of your Letters,"
and thus gratify myself by my silence in two things to which
I am extremely inclined, — to be lazy & to love you. But I
will not take advantage of your friendly threatning — & I
assure you any remissness I have been guilty of, has been
almost of necessity.

I think really that your Patriots have taken deep Draughts
of our Politics. We left some Dregs in the cup, that might
make another Brewing ; but your Gentlemen have gone to
the Bottom. We drank a great Deal — but it made us ac-
tive. Your Dose was so strong, that you have kept your
Beds these six years, and the Fumes of the Liquor are not
yet evaporated. But I beg your Pardon for speaking so
freely of these civil Heroes — Their Motives may be com-
mendable though I acknowledge their Conduct would ap-
pear as laudable to me, if they were quite idle — as when
they are so busily employed — in doing nothing.

Our Legislators are now assembled, after having adjourned
in some Discontent on the Govenor's refusing the Supply
Bill. It is yet doubtful, whether anything effectual will be
done at this Meeting.

A Dispute of another Nature has lately engaged the atten-
tion of our City — In which, I am sorry to inform you, that
your Province has lost some Credit. At our Races last
week, the Purse of a hundred Pounds was carried away by
a Horse called Britain, from your famous Parolet, — How-
ever his Friends comfort themselves that he lost the Race by
throwing his Rider, & not by want of Speed or Bottom. I
give you this Intelligence because you tell me you are not
too much of a Lawyer, Politician or Philosopher, to neglect
attending a Horse Race. For my Part, I have been a mere
Sportsman for some Time past, & can almost hold a Diologue
in the Stile of the Turf — But the Courts are beginning, & I
must change my Stile — However I think it will be proper
both for you and me to remember old Cato's advice, & mix
Pleasure with Business & Innocence with Pleasure. — Applica-
tion & Fatigue may procure Reputation & Wealth — But de-

Letters of Same Members of the Old Congress. 203

s troy Health & Happiness — Preserve these last, & you will
add to the Happiness of

Your most affectionate Friend & very hble Servant

JOHN DICKINSON.

My Mother & Brother who Philadelphia,

remember you with great Es- May 3d 1762.

teem desire their Compliments
may be presented to you —

I return you Sterling's Ser-
mon, with many Thanks for
your kindness.

William Grayson to .

NEW YORK June 15th 1785
DEAR SIR,

Your favor of the packett has been duly received for which
I am much obliged to you, and I make use of this oppor-
tunity by Mr. Mazzei to answer it.

I arrived at this place early in March, since which noth-
ing of any real importance has taken effect except the land
ordinance which is herewith inclosed : a difference of senti-
ment between the Eastern & Southern part of the Continent
& an imaginary difference of interests has made the ordinance
less perfect than it might have been. — Congress are about
directing a treaty to be held with the Western Indians at
Post Vincent on the Wabash this summer for extinguishing
their rights to the territory between the Miami & Mississippi ;
should this be effected, I expect the ordinance will be made
to apply to that country immediately as the paying the do-
mestic debt in this way seems to be an object which every
one has very much at heart. Indeed the necessity for y*
measure is glaring, for while the taxes continue high, we
shall have no emigrants from beyond seas, and the want of
inhabitants is perhaps our only calamity. A very consider-
able part of N° Carolina has revolted. They have assumed
the powers of governm* and a Capt. Cocke was here the
other day with authority from them to solicit admission.
Georgia has laid off a county on the Mississippi called Bour-
bon & settlers are gathering fast about y* Natchez.

There is a report that the province of Maine begins to
make speeches respecting independence ; Vermont remains
as it did when you left this.

Inclosed is a report of a comm" for altering the 9th ar-
ticle of the confederation ; 8 states will be for it, but whether

204 Letters of Some Members of the Old Congress.

or not it will suit the 5 Southern States, is a point very
questionable : perhaps some modification may be found out
that will make it palatable. As the sending this report is
against rule, I hope you will take good care that it is not
made public : indeed I think it would be best to keep it a se-
cret. It seems to be a doubt in Congress whether the in-
structions to the Comm™ ought not to be changed. The
principle of making treaties & granting to all the right of the
most favored nations, begins to be disputed. This though
entre nous, & what I would not chuse should be mentioned to
any one.

Congress have had two ineffectual tryals for the election of
a minister to the Hague vice John Adams, Eutledge of S°
Carolina, Governor Levingston & B. H. Hanson, of Mary-
land, the persons nominated.

As the Dutch Minister grows uneasy I think that Kut-
ledge will be elected very soon, & in all probability today.

Don Diego de Gardoqui charge des affaires from the Court
of Spain is arrived at Philad* & is expected here every day ;
what are the objects of his mission, we are at a loss to deter-
mine.

I have the pleasure to inform you the subscriptions to the
Potowmac C° go on well ; At a meeting the other day, it was
found that forty three thousand pounds were subscribed ; —
They are therefore by the Act established a Company.

General Washington is elected President & there is a
good prospect of success. I imagine you must have heard
before this, that an American vessel had arrived here in four
months from Canton in China laden with the manufactures
of that country ; & that our country men at that place had
as much respect & civility shewn them as those of any other
nation. The opinion here is that this trade can be carried
on to great advantage.

I remain yr Affe. fr'd,

& most obed. Ser*

I enclose also the journals WILL* GRAYSON.

of Congress. W. G.

John Langdon to Fulwar Skipwith.

PHILAD. Decem. 5th 1794
DEAR SB,

Your kind favor ot the 20th Augfc I've Just Rec'd, for
which you have my Thanks. The fall of that Monster

Letters of Sortie Members of the Old Congress. 205

Robertspeare was a most fortunate Circumstance for France,
his fate will be a Constant warning to all those who are
hereafter entrusted with the Rights of the people and betray
their Trust.

We are highly pleased with the Reception of our Minis-
ter (Mr. Monroe) by the National Convention, I am full in
the Belief, he will do himself honor, and Render his Coun-
try essential service.

We have nothing here worth Communicating, to be very
particular, little good would arrise and prudence forbids,

the astonishing successes of the French, exceed every

Conception we probably would have had. I am fully sen-
seable your time must be greatly taken up with your numer-
ous Correspondence, but as often as leisure and opportunity
offers I shall be greatly gratified in hearing from you ; If
any thing Turns up in the Shiping way or furnishg of
Masts or provisions from our Part of the Continent, I shall
be ready to Direct the Business.

Accept my best wishes for your Happiness and believe me
very sincerely your

Friend & Hbl Sevfc,

JOHN LANGDON.

FULWAR SKIPWITH, ESQ.

Samuel Chase to John F. Mercer.

BALT* 6 March 1803.
DEAR SIR,

Your good wishes are acceptable. I received a Shock
which would probably, have terminated fatally, but for co-
pious Bleedings. I have not quite recovered, but believe I
am in a fair way. I have made a small addition to the
Card you enclosed, and will send it to the American for pub-
lication, which I believe you will approve.

There is but one Event (which will probably never hap-
pen) in which I will interfere with politics ; I mean the es-
tablishment of a new Government. I believe nothing can
save the present one from dissolution. Some Events, as a
War with France, may delay it for a few years. The Seeds
are sown, they ripen daily. Men without Sense and without
property are to be our Riders, there can be no Union between
the Heads of the two Parties. Confidence is destroyed; if
attempted they will be branded as Deserters, and lose all In-
fluence. Things must take their natural Course, from bad

206 Letters of Some Members of the Old Congress.

to worse. You cannot retire, expect therefore Disappoint-
ment, Deceit, and Disgrace as far as Party can give it.
I wish you Health and Happiness.

Yours truly

SAMUEL CHASE.
His EXCELLENCY JOHN F. MERCER,

Gov. of Maryland

Annapolis.

Pennsylvania Gleanings in England. 207

PENNSYLVANIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND.

BY LOTHROP WITHINGTON, 30 LITTLE RUSSELL STREET, W. C., LONDON.

(Including "Gleanings" by Henry F. Waters, not before printed.)

(Continued from page 101.)

DANIEL RUNDLE of Philadelphia, merchant. Will proved
17 September 1795. In the name of God amen, I Daniel
Rundle of the City of Philadelphia, merchant, being of
sound and disposing mind, memory, and understanding,
praised be the* Lord for the same, do hereby make my last
will and testament in manner following (that is to say) First
I give and bequeath to my nephew George Rundle now of
Wilmington in the State of North Carolina, son of my de-
ceased Brother Richard Rundle one legacy or sum of £1000
lawful money of Pennsylvania to be paid to him in twelve
months after my decease. To my nephew Richard Rundle
Brother to the aforesaid George and son to my aforesaid de-
ceased brother Richard Rundle one legacy or sum of £1000
lawful money of Pennsylvania one half thereof to be paid
him when he attains to the age of twenty one years and the
remaining half when at the age of twenty-four years with
interest, the said interest to be applied towards his main-
tenance during the years above mentioned. To my neice
Mary Rundle, sister of the above named George and
Richard Rundle, one legacy or sum of £200 aforesaid. Item
I release all debts due me from the Estate of my late Brother
Richard Rundle of Wilmington, North Carolina, merchant,
deceased. To my sister Elizabeth Cole of the Kingdom of
Great Britain during her life only one annuity of twelve
pounds sterling to be remitted and paid her yearly by my
executor free of charge. To George Rundle, son of my
brother William Rundle of Great Britain £50 sterling. To
my cousin Captain Richard Rundle Burges of Great Britain

208 Pennsylvania Gleanings in England.

the sum of £100 sterling. To my cousin Frances Burges
Sister to the above named Captain Burges the sum of £50
sterling. To Mary Manly daughter of my said neice Fran-
ces Manly £50 sterling to be paid her when she shall arrive
at the age of twenty one years. To my cousin Thomas
Murgatroyd of Philadelphia merchant £100 money of Penn-
sylvania, to my cousin Sarah Philips Murgatroyd wife of the
above Thomas M. for her separate use £100 money of Penn-
sylvania, to Samuel, Daniel, Elizabeth Gold, Mary and James
Gold Murgatroyd children of my coz. Thomas £300 each
when 21, to my nephew Richard Rundle of Philadelphia,
merchant, the son of my deceased elder brother George
Rundle, and to my neice Mary Rundle wife of my nephew
Richard all that city square of ground situate between 7th
and 8th streets, which I purchased of them some time since,
from Schuylkill and between Spruce and Pine Streets in
Philadelphia with the house thereon for life ; after to the
children of my cousin Thomas Murgatroyd. To the Penn-
sylvania Hospital £250 Pennsylvania currency. To Mary
Rundle wife of my residuary legatee and devisee, Richard
Rundle, £400 and a picture of herself set in a gilt frame.
Rest to above named Richard Rundle, executor. Witnesses :
B: Shoemaker, Edward Shoemaker, R: Whitehead. Codicil,
to my nephew George Rundle late of North Carolina £400,
to his sister Mary £200, to his brother Richard Rundle £200,
to my cousin Frances Burges now in Philadelphia £80, to
children of my cousin Thomas Murgatroyd £200 apiece, to
John Hurly late my servant now apprenticed to Benjamin
Franklin Bache the printer when 21 £20. My German
servant man Adam Dieterick I leave free. All these be-
quests in addition to former ones. Proved by Robert
Barclay, attorney for said Richard Rundle now residing in
Philadelphia. New Castle., 565.

JAMES THOMAS late of Philadelphia. Will 24 April 1706 ;
proved 11 February 1711. I James Thomas late of Phila-
delphia. To my brother Micah Thomas and his children

Pennsylvania Gleanings in England. 209

£30. To my brother Gabriell Thomas (and what he oweth
me) £20. To my sister Mary Snead and her children £20.
To my sister Rachel Wharton £40. To my unkle James
Thomas £20 a year for life. To my cousins or neices Eliza-
beth, Mary, and Rachell Williams £50 each after decease of
my said unckle James Thomas. To my nephew the brother
of said Williams if living £50. To my cousins the children
of Thomas Wharton and Rachell my sister after decease of
said unckle James Thomas £20 each. To my executors
£50 as follows : To Edward Shippen senior and his grand-
children Edward and Elizabeth Shippen £20. To Samuel
Preston and his daughters Margaret and Hannah £30. To
the poor of Philadelphia the interest of remainder of my
estate after the death of my said unkle James Thomas.
Executors: Edward Shippen and Samuel Preston, merchants
of Philadelphia. Witnesses : Philip Russell, Walton Hul-
ing, Jonathan Baily, Morris Edwards, County Sussex on
Delaware Bay. Jonathan Baily and Philip Russell depose
to Tho: Fisher, Registrar for County Suffolk of the truth of
the above. Date the will was made is 22/4/1706. 7 Novem-
ber 1710 is the date on which the above deposition was
made. Probate says " Will of James Thomas late of Phila-
delphia in Pennsylvania but now of the Parish of St. Mar-
garets Lothbury, London." Barnes, 88.

(To be continued.)

VOL. XXIX. — 14

210 Letters to Hon. James Wilson, 1789.

LETTEES OF HON. ALEXANDEK HAMILTON AND
EEV. WILLIAM SMITH, D.D., TO HON. JAMES WIL-
SON, 1789.

CONTRIBUTED BY ISRAEL W. MORRIS.

[The following interesting letters of Hon. Alexander Hamilton and
Rev. William Smith, D.D., to Hon. James Wilson, contain the views
of these noted Federalists on the candidacy of Washington, for Presi-
dent, and John Adams, for Vice President of the United States, under
the Constitution of 1787.]

Alexander Hamilton to James Wilson.
MY DEAR SIR,

A degree of anxiety about a matter of primary impor-
tance to the new government induces me to trouble you with
this letter. I mean the election of the President. We all
feel of how much moment it is that "Washington should be
the man ; and I own I cannot think there is material room
to doubt that this will be the unanimous sense. But as a
failure in this object would be attended with the worst con-
sequences I cannot help concluding that even possibilities
should be guarded against.

Every body is aware of that defect in the constitution
which renders it possible that the man intended for Vice
President may in fact turn up President. Every body sees
that unanimity in Adams as Vice President and a few votes
insidiously witheld from Washington might substitute the
former to the latter. And every body must perceive that
there is something to fear from the machinations of Anti-
foederal malignity. What in this situation is wise ?

By my accounts from the North I have every reason to
believe that Adams will run there universally. I learn that
he is equally espoused in Jersey Pensylvania & Delaware &
that Maryland is not disinclined to him. I hear of no per-
sons thought of to the South, but Rutlege in South Carolina
and Clinton in Virginia. As the accounts of the appoint-
ments of electors will satisfy the partisans of those Gentle-

Letters to Hon. James Wilson, 1789. 211

men in each of those States that they will have no coadju-
tors elsewhere, it seems not improbable that they will relin-
quish the attempt in favour of their intended candidates.
Here then is a chance of unanimity in Adams. Nothing so
apt to beget it as the opinion that the current sets irresistibly
towards him. Men are fond of going with the stream.
Suppose personal caprice or hostility to the new system
should occasion half a dozen votes only to be witheld from
Washington — what may not happen ? Grant there is little
danger. If any, ought it to be run ?

The votes from New Hampshire to Delaware inclusively
& exclusive of New York are 41 South of Delaware 32.
Here supposing equal unanimity on each side in a different
candidate the chance is that there will be Eight votes to
spare from Adams leaving him still a majority. Take the
probability of unanimity in the North in Adams & of divi-
sion in the South between different candidates and the
chances are almost infinite in his favour. Hence I conclude
it will be prudent to throw away a few votes say 7 or 8 ;
giving these to persons not otherwise thought of. Under
this impression I have proposed to friends in Connecticut to
throw away two to others in Jersey to throw away an equal
number & I submit it to you whether it will not be well to
lose three or four in Pensylvania. Your advices from the
South will serve you as the best guide ; but for God's sake
let not our zeal for a secondary object defeat or endanger a
first. I admit that in several important views and particu-
larly to avoid disgust to a man who would be a formidable
head to Antifoederalists — it is much to be desired that
Adams may have the plurality of suffrages for Vice Presi-
dent ; but if risk is to be run on one side or on the other
can we hesitate where it ought to be preferred ?

If there appears to you to be any danger, will it not be
well for you to write to Maryland to qualify matters there ?
Y™ sincerely & affecly

A. HAMILTON.
NEW YOKK Jan' 25. 1789.

212 Letters to Hon. James Wilson, 1789.

Rev. William Smith to James Wilson.

CHESTER, Kent County, Mary-
land Jany. 19th. 1789.
DEAR SIR,

I congratulate you on the favourable Issue of the Election
of federal representatives in Pennsylvania, & the Probability,
amounting, (from what I have seen in the News Papers)
almost to a certainty of the like favourable issue in Respect
to Electors of a President-general &c. What is called the
Federal List has a vast majority, both for Representatives &
Electors on the Eastern Shore of this State ; &, as I appre-
hend, far more than sufficient to set against the Majority in
some of the populous counties of the Western Shore for
the other List, called Antifederal, altho' in that List also,
there are generally avowed federalists, & only two (Col.
Mercer & Mr. Sterret) who are any way suspected ; & they
themselves say the suspicion is unjust & injurious, as they
are earnest for an effective Government, upon the whole
Plan of the New Constitution with a few Amendments to
be made by Congress itself, in which they wish to be mod-
erate, & have no Desire of Recurring to another Convention —
But it is not probable that either of them will be elected, as
the other Side were unwilling to trust any one, of whom
they had the least suspicion. In 3 or 4 days we shall have
the Election declared by Proclamation.

We are apprehensive here of Difficulties, nevertheless,
still remaining — especially respecting the Election of Gene-
ral Washington, some of which, as they have occurred to us
here, I promised to state to you, as at the Head of the
Pennsylvania Electors ; altho' I doubt not everything of the
kind has long since occurred to your own more sagacious
and penetrating Understanding, anxious & active as you
have been for an effective Government & a speedy opera-
tion of it.

Our first apprehension, respecting Pennsylva. is that, from
the mode of election in each County by Districts, & it hav-
ing taken more than five Weeks, before all the Returns at

Letters to Hon. James Wilson, 1789. 213

the former Election for Representatives were brought to
Philada. to enable the Presidt. & Council to issue their
Proclamation, the Four Weeks allowed by the New Con-
stitution, between the Day of choosing Electors & the Day
of their Meeting at Reading, for the Choice of a President
will not be sufficient ; for how, in 4 "Weeks (especially from
beyond the Allegenny Mountains & some Sheriffs, perhaps
in no great Disposition to be in Haste with their Returns) I
say, how in 4 weeks, shall all these Returns be brought to
Philada,, more than 300 miles down ; then a Proclamation
to go 300 miles up again, & 3dly some of the Electors, after
that, to come 300 miles down to Reading in all near 1000
miles backward & forward, at this season of the year, in 28
Days; besides the Time spent at the elections, & in Council,
in numbering &c, and making out their Proclamation ?
No Doubt, you have thought of this, & have sent, or will
immediately send, Expresses to the most distant Electors,
viz, James O'Hara, Lawrence Keene, Alex. Graydon &
David Greer, with Copies of the Returns from the Counties
already come to Hand, which being compared by them with
the Counties over Susquehannah or in their vicinity will
enable them to judge of the Probability of their being
among the 8 Highest on the Return for Electors ; & altho'
these accounts will not be official, yet they ought to be
induced by their Zeal for Gen. Washington & the Federal
Interest, to set out immediately so as to reach Reading by
the time appointed, & to meet the official Account or Procla-
mation, if the Executive Council (by Returns from all the
Counties) should be enabled to publish it before that Time.
But if all the Counties should not have made their Returns
by It. Wednesday in February — Qu — What is to be done ?
Might not the Executive Council authenticate those Returns
wch. may be made before the day of meeting at Reading ?
And if they appear an undoubted Majority (in Whatever
manner the Defaulting Counties might have voted) might
not the Electors having such Majority (yourself & others)
proceed to the Nomination directly on the Day appointed ;

214 Letters to Hon. James Wilson, 1789.

or adjourn, de Die in Diem, till all the Returns come
officially to Hand ?

But another difficulty appears to rise from the Constitu-
tion itself. The two highest in Votes having a Majority of
all the Electors of the confederating eleven states, are to be
President & Vice-president — Suppose then the Electors of
even Nine States all agreed to have Gen. Washington Presi-
dent, & Mr. Adams, or any other V. Presdt. These nine
States cannot say in their Nomination or vote Genl. "W.
Presdt; John Adams V. P., but must vote indiscriminately
for both, & neither will be highest in Votes but perhaps have
an equality. Suppose, then, but one other State, (say Vir-
ginia, or New York, or both) give but one or two Votes,
still keeping the Name of Adams, but joining with it either
a Clinton or a Henry, then those two States or any one of|
them, or a single capricious Vote of one of them, can make
Mr.|Adams President.

We know there is one Way to secure this Business, by
any Number of the eleven States, having a Majority of all
the Electors, to agree, all of them, to nominate Gen. Wash-
ington, while some of them give 8 or 10 Votes to some other
Persons in the Room of Adams, so as to leave Him lower
in Number than Gen. W. but yet higher than any other, if
it is wished that he should be V. Presdt. But there ought
to be some exchange of sentiments, and some previous Plan
on this Head — among the 4 middle States of New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Delaware & Maryland — who are sufficient for
this Work; but if Connecticut can be consulted, then so
much the better. Then suppose it agreed that Delaware
vote for Mr. Jay with Gen. W. & Jersey some other or the
same ; Pennsylvania a few votes for the same or any other
— And if you will on Receipt of this let me know what you
think Maryland had best do, Mr. Wm. Tilghman of this
Town, whose Name will stand highest among our Electors,
desires you to be informed that he will do his utmost, in
Concert with us for the fed. cause, & the Election of the

Letters to Han. James Wilson, 1789. 215

President whom we all wish should his Election be sup-
posed in any Danger.

There is still another Evil, of a very threatning aspect —
We [hear] no election at all, either of Representatives or
Electors, is like to be obtained in N". Hampshire, & only in
three Districts of Massachusetts — If this be certain, it will
be an Evil indeed — Yet I hope a Majority of the whole
Eleven States will act as Electors, & a like Majority of the
Representatives meet in Congress ; and a Majority being a
Quorum, we trust they will be able to put the Government
in Operation, & pass new Laws respecting "the Time &
Mode of filling up their B by new Elections in the
defaulting States, who have adopted the Constitution."

I hope Mr: Lewis, as the Scire Fac. agt. the University,
was returnable to the Jany. Term has got the money to
enable him to take up my Note to you lately in the Hands
of Mr. Todd, agreeably to my Directions : I hope also to
see you in Feb. at the Meeting of the Assembly. Pray
write me a few Lines in answer to such Parts of this Letter
as require your Notice ; & tho' you have no Doubt thought
of & provided for every chance respecting the execution of
the Government, you will still ascribe what I now write to
the well meant Zeal of Yours, WM. SMITH

I wish Time had allowed to transcribe this Letter fair,
but I trust you will be able to spell out its Contents.

W. S.

P. S. Direct by Post to me at Chester, Kent County
Maryland.

JAMES WILSON, ESQUIRE
at his house Market Street

Philadelphia

216 Genealogical Records from the Bible of Thomas Say.

GENEALOGICAL KECOKDS COPIED FKOM THE
BIBLE OF THOMAS SAY.

MARGARET PASCHALL departed this life the 17th day of
January 172|. It being upon Friday about 12 o'clock at
noon, and was buried at Sunday f . . . .

THOMAS PASCHALL JR., departed this life the 17th day of
January 172f about 10 o'clock at night.

SETH FLOWER, departed this life the 18 day of January
about 10 o'clock at night.

SAMUEL PASCHALL, departed this life the 11th of February
172| about 9 o'clock in the morning.

ELIZABETH FLOWER, died 19th of July 1706.

My Mother died on the 2nd of September 1707 about 12
o'clock at night, and was buried by her son William Paschall,
(being 71 years and 9 months old).

WILLIAM SAY my husband died the 23rd of 8*" 1714,
being } after 10 o'clock at night.

WILLIAM SAY JR., was born the 17th day of January 1696.

JOANNA SAY, was born the 5th of April 1700 — 1 hr. 28 m.
P.M. Friday.

MARY SAY, was born the 17th of 10ber 1701—5 hours 30
P.M. Saturday.

PASCHALL SAY, was born 24th of 10ber 1703 A. M. on a
Friday.

ELIZABETH SAY, was born the 13th of 7ber 1706 8 hr P.M.
Friday.

Genealogical Records from the Bible of Thomas Say. 217

THOMAS SAY, was born the 16th of 7*" 1709 1 hr. 20 m.
P.M. Friday new style is the 27th of 9 month.

THOMAS PASCHALL SEN*-, departed this life the 13th of 7***
1718 about 4 o'clock in the morning in the 83d year of his
age and was buried upon his wife.

MARY CLUNN, (late Say), departed this life the 25 of Oct.
1723 about half past 10 o'clock in the morning — Friday.

ELIZABETH (late Paschall) JENKINS, departed the 18th day
of January 1725-6 aged about 93 years on a Tuesday.

PASCHALL SAY, departed this life at Jamaica the 22nd of
October 1726*10 hr. 00 m A. M.

JOANNA FLOWER, (late Paschall), departed this life the 11th
day of January 1727-8; 25 m: to 10 o'clock at night on a
Thursday buried the O following aged about 26 years.

MARY PASCHALL, (late Say), was born the 21§t day ol
December 1674 in the city of Bristol.

ELIZABETH EDGAR, (late Say), departed this life 8** 1729
8 hr 25 m P.M. on a O

BENJAMIN PASCHALL, departed this life the 16 day of May
1730 at 11 hr 10 m of Sunday was taken the 7th in the
morning and was buried Monday following in his own
burying ground.

JOANNA HOLMES, (late Say), departed this life the 11 day
of July 1730 between 1 & 2 o'clock in the afternoon and
was buried the Sunday following by her Sister Mary in our
own burying ground.

MARY PASCHALL, departed this life the 19th day of July
1734 — 45 m. past 5 o'clock in the afternoon on Friday &
was buried the 20th day following by her husband in our
own burying ground aged about 60 years.

218 Genealogical Records from the Bible of Thomas Say.

SUSANNAH CATHERINE SPROGELL, was born between the
10th & 11 day of October 1713 — Thomas Say was married
to S. C. SprogeU the 15 " of 3 mo. called (old Stile) April
1735 15 m : past 12 at night 6th day.

CATHERINE SAY, was born the 3 of 10 mo old Stile called
December 1736 14 m past 1 on Friday.

SUSANNAH SAY, was born the 24th of 8 mo old Stile called
November 1738 58 m. p. 12 a Friday.

CATHERINE SAY, departed this life 27th of 12 mo | old
Stile | called February 1738-9 12 m to 4 in the morning
and was buried 1st (of the 1 mo) March.

THOMAS SAY, was born the 19th of 6th mo : (old Stile)
called September 1740—25 m . p : 11 a Friday (Son of
Tho').

ELIZABETH SAY, was born the 24 of 7 mo O.S. called
October 1 742-— 18 m. p. 1 in the day— A 1st day.

CATHERINE SAY, was born the 19th of 10 mo : 0. S. called
January 1744-5 4 m. p. 4 in the morning of 7th day.

WILLIAM SAY, was born the 3rd of 11 mo (0. S.) called
January 1746-7 ; 20 m. p. 8 in the morning of 7th day.

CATHERINE SAY, departed this life the 6th of 7 mo. 1747
at 4 in the morning of a 1st day.

ELIZABETH SAY, departed this life 29th of 8 mo 1747 —
4 m. after 6 in the evening on 5th day.

WILLIAM SAY, departed this life 23d of 12 mo 1748-9 ;
53 minutes after 7 in the evening on a 5th day.

JOANNA SAY, was born the 7th of 4 mo called June 1749
about 45 m after 10 in the evening — on a first day.

Genealogical Records from the Bibk of Thomas Say. 219

SUSANNAH CATHERINE SAY, departed this life the 18th of
the 4 mo called June 1749 about 45 m after 10 in the
evening on a first day.

CATHERINE SPROGELL, departed this life the 16th of 8 mo
October 1749 : 20 m after 1 of a third day aged 73 years
and was buried by her husband.

JOHANNA SAY, departed this life the 24th of 5th mo : 1750 ;
32 m after 11 in the night 3rd day.

JAMES WILSON, was married to my daughter Mary Say
the 15th of 5 mo : May 1753.

GEORGE WILSON, the son of my daughter Mary was born
the 1'* of 3 mo March 1754 about 4 m. before 4 of a 6th
day.

THOMAS SAY, was married to Rebekah Budd at Mount
Holly the 3rd of 10 mo October 1753, 15 m after 1 in the
day at Mount Holly Meeting house.

BENJAMIN SAY, the son of Thomas & Rebekah his wife
born 28 of the 8 mo. 1755 — 35 m after 3 in the afternoon a
5th day.

SUSANNAH WILSON, the daughter of my daughter Mary
was born the 13th day of April 1756 about J after 6 in the
morning a 3d day.

REBEKAH SAY, daughter of Thomas Say and Rebekah his
wife was born the 26th of 4 mo 1758 about 58 m after 4 in
the afternoon 4th day.

SUSANNAH SAY, was married to James Carmalt 20th of 6
mo: 1758 at Uptown Meeting.

THOMAS WILSON, the son of my daughter Mary was born
the 27th of the 8 mo August 1758 a little before 10 o'clock
a first day.

220 Genealogical Eecords from the Bible of Thomas Say.

HANNAH CARMALT, the daughter of James Carmalt was
born the 19th of the 11 mo 1759 a first day about 5 oclock.

THOMAS WILSON, departed this life the 31§t of the 3rd mo
1759 36 m after 10 oclock 7th day & buried by his Grand-
father Wilson.

REBEKAH SAY, daughter of Thomas Say departed this life
the 26th of 10 mo 1759 about 38 minutes after 12 in the
day.

THOMAS SAY JR., departed this life the 9th oi the 11 mo
1759 about 38 m p. 5 in the afternoon a 6th day and was
buried by his Grandmother Paschall a 1st day (19 years and
1 mo old).

MARY WILSON, daughter of James Wilson & my daugh-
ter Mary was born the 26th of the 9 mo 1760 after 1 oclock
in the day a 6th day.

THOMAS SAY CARMALT, son of my daughter Susannah was
born 29th of the 10 mo 1760 about \ an hour after 2 oclock
in the afternoon a fourth day.

REBEKAH SAY, daughter of Samuel Atkinson was born
the 13th of the 5 mo July 1760 old stile the 24th of the 7 mo
new stile between 6 & 7 oclock in the morning.

REBEKAH CARMALT, daughter of my daughter Susannah
was born the 27th 11 mo 1762 about 25 m after 9 oclock at
night a 7th day.

REBEKAH WILSON, daughter of James Wilson & my daugh-
ter Mary was born the 4th of the 12 mo 1762 about 6 rn
after 9 oclock a 6th day evening.

MARY WILSON SEN*-, wife of James Wilson & daughter of
Thomas Say departed the 16 of 12 mo 1762 about 6 m after
10 oclock in the afternoon on a 5th day & was buried the

Genealogical Records from the Bible of Thomas Say. 221

first day following in Friends Ground by her son Thomas
(was 27 years 7 mos & 18 days old.)

MARY WILSON, daughter of James Wilson departed this
life the 4th of the 4 mo April 1764 about 15m past 7 oclock
in the morning 4th day aged 3 yrs 6 mos & 22 days & buried
next her mother in Friends Ground.

ELIZABETH BUDD, daughter of my wife Rebekah was mar-
ried to Moses Bartram at Uptown Meeting House the 10th
of the 7 mo July 1764 about 40 m after 11 oclock.

JONATHAN CARMALT, son of James & of my daughter
Susannah was born the 17th of April 1765 about 23 m after
2 o'clock in tne afternoon on a 4th day.

JAMES CARMALT, the husband of my daughter Susannah
departed this life the 15th day of the 8 mo 1765 at 2 oclock
in the afternoon on a 5th day & buried the next in my bury-
ing ground.

SUSANNAH LIVINGTON, daughter of John Livington & my
daughter Susannah was born the 16th of the 3 mo 1772
about 45 m after 5 in the afternoon.

JOHN LIVINGTON, son of John Livington & my daughter
Susannah born the 26th of the 3 mo 1774 about 45 m after
5 in the afternoon.

My daughter SUSANNAH LIVINGTON, departed this life the
17th of the 7 mo called July 1778 & was buried on her
mother in my Burying Ground.

BENJAMIN SAY, was married to Ann Bonsall the first day
of the 10 mo called October 1776 at the Bank Meeting
House Phil*.

POLLY SAY, daughter of Benjamin & Ann Say was born
the 17th of the 11 mo called November 1778 about J past
12 oclock on 3rd day.

222 Genealogical Records from the Bible of Thomas Say.

THOMAS SAY, son of Benjamin & Ann Say was born on
the 27th of 6 mo called June 1787. about J of an hour after
4 oclock in the morning being the 4th day of the week.

BENJAMIN SAY, son of Benjamin & Ann Say was born on
the 10 day of the 12 mo called December 1790 about J an
hour after 8 oclock in the morning on the 6th day of the
week.

REBEKAH ANN SAY, daughter of Benjamin & Ann Say
was born on the 24th day of the 8 mo called August 1793
about 20 m after 4 oclock in the morning it being on the
7th day of the week.

POLLY SAY, daughter of Benjamin & Ann Say, departed
this life on the 13 day of the 10 mo called October 1793 at
J after 8 in the morning on the 1st day of the week of the
malignant fever & was buried in our Family Burying
Ground on the same day.

ANN SAY, wife of Benjamin Say departed this life on the
15th day of the 10 mo called October 1793 about 11 oclock
A M. on the 3rd day of the week of the malignant Fever &
was buried in our Family Burying Ground on the same day.

HANNAH MATLACK, wife of William Matlack grand daugh-
ter of Thomas Say departed this life on the 27th of the 11
mo 1793 about 3 oclock at night & was buried along side
of her Mother in our Family Burial Ground (of the dropsy).

REBAKAH SAY, wife of Thomas Say departed this life after
a tedious spell of illness on the 26th day of the 6 mo June
1795 on the 6th day of the week about 11 oclock in the
morning and was buried in the Family Burial Ground on
the first day following aged nearly 79 years.

THOMAS SAY, departed this life on the 27th day of the 3
mo March 1796 about 2 oclock in the morning on the l§t
day of the week of a complicated complaint & was buried

Genealogical Records from the Bible of Thomas Say. 223

on the 3rd day following in the Family Burial Ground aged
86 years & 6 mos : —
great, great, great, grand father to Clara Mitchell Carey.

REBEKAH, daughter of Samuel Atkinson and Ruth, his
wife, was born the 13th day year of our Lord 1716, between
6 and 7 o'clock in the morning. (Dr. Say's mother.)

224 Four Letters addressed to John Dickinson.

FOUR LETTBES ADDBESSED TO JOHN DICKINSON.

[The following interesting letters from Thomas Willing and Dr Ben-
jamin Rush to John Dickinson, are copied from the originals in the
Manuscript Collection of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania.]

Thursday Morng.
DEAR SIR : —

A Matter is to be brought on the Carpet this Morng wh I
think must be highly disagreeable to you; it was moved for
yesterday & a Committee ordered to report this Morng &
from the Complexion of the Committee chosen, I fear we
shall want every help to avoid it. All your friends wish
for your presence & none more than your obliged

hum. Serv*

T. WILLING.

The Old Question respect8 Cannada — its not safe to say
more — but come to the Congress I beseech you y8 Morn*.

DEAR SIR : —

Upon conversing with several of your friends since 2
o'Clock yesterday I find the fullest proof of Reed's highly
disapproving of the Cons* of Pennsylvania. Col. Miles is
willing (he says) to swear that he heard him disapprove of
it fully or strongly while he was President, and all the Ee-
publicans who were threatned & bullied by him at a Meeting
at the new tavern (where he convened them expressly for
the purpose of proving that he had not altered his mind
respecting the Constitution, but that he still thought of it &
disliked it as much as they did) will declare in support of
your general & last assertion. Mr. Nixon and Sharp De-
laney were both present on that occasion.

Taking these facts into consideration one or two of your
most judicious friends think you had better immediately re-

Four Letters addressed to John Dickinson. 225

call that note from the printer in which you acknowledge
a mistake. You may easily fix proofs upon him not only
of a lie, but of the most pointed malice against you.

Yours sincerely

Tuesday Morning. BENJN RUSH.

His EXCELLENCY JOHN DICKINSON ESQB

PHILADA Feb. 16 1796
MY DEAR FRIEND,

Your friendly letter, with its entertaining enclosure came
safe to hand at a moment when the care of the hospital, the
labor of composing several new lectures upon a most diffi-
cult subject viz. " the diseases of the mind," and the usual
hurry of my private business, prevented my paying that at-
tention to the proposed publication I wished. I have since
looked over it, but not with the care I had proposed. The
manner, the matter & the style are all equally interesting.
It is calculated to arrest the running reader, and to awaken
even the palled relish for moral and religious instruction.
In this way only shall we counteract the infidel writers of the
age. They seduce by the novelty of their manner, and bril-
liancy of their style, much more than by their arguments, for
these are generally overlooked, or soon forgotten. Paine's
witty reflection upon the " drab-coloured dress &c" of the
Quakers, is more universally remembered, and quoted than
any thing else in his absurd and impious Age of Reason.

I return you the manuscript agreeably to your request. I
expect to have the pleasure of introducing it into the World,
when you have made the proposed additions. All your di-
rections respecting the choice of a printer, capitals &c., shall
be faithfully attended to.

I rejoice to find the vigor of your talents, & benevolence
still unimpaired. One of the Reformers who spent the
evening of his life in composing books in defence of his prin-
ciples, was requested by one of his friends to spare himself,
and not to hasten his death by his severe studies. " What,"
said the pious Champion for truth, " would you have my
VOL. xxix. — 15

226 Four Letters addressed to John Dickinson.

Master come, and find me idle ?" May we both be actuated
by a similar disposition to bring forth fruit in our old age !

I am now preparing a work for the press to be entitled,
" An attempt to explain sundry passages in the old & new
Testament, by the principles of Medicine, & the laws of the
Animal Oeconomy." It will contain many new arguments
in favor of Christianity, and will I hope render Infidelity,
at least, among Physicians as much a mask of ignorance, as
it is of impiety, or immorality. Should it please God to
bless this work to the benefit of any of his creatures, I shall
be thankful. What an honor to be employed by Him in any
way, but chiefly in promoting the knowledge, the love, and
the future enjoyment of himself.

My most respectful compliments await Mrs. Dickinson,
and my old acquaintance Miss Sally who I hear is wise in
the things which are to be hereafter, as well as in human
affairs. Miss Maria I hear is a fine sprightly girl, but as yet
she says " no Quaker."

How I long to spend an afternoon or evening in the So-
ciety of your amiable family, in which I have been more
happy than in any family in the country except my own !

My dear Mrs. Rush joins in love to all your fireside, with
my Dr friend

Yours very

affectionately

BENJN RUSH.
MY DEAR FRIEND,

The additions and alteration's to the " Fragment," to which
you refer in your letter of yesterday, were received, and put
immediately afterwards into the hands of Mr. Tho8 Dobson.

Dr Priestley is now delivering a course of Sermons in our
City upon the external wideness of Christianity. He has
exhibited in the most striking manner, the superiority of the
Jewish & Christian revelations over the pagan religions in
principles, in morals, and in ceremonial institutions. Next
week he purposes to shew the truth of Christianity from
the miracles which accompanied its establishment. I men-

Four Letters addressed to John Dickinson. 227

tioned to him a few days ago your zeal in the cause to which
his late Sermons have been devoted. He was delighted with
the information, and expressed a desire to be acquainted
with you. I have promised him that pleasure, the next
time he visits Wilmington. Upon all subjects (two or three
in divinity excepted) you will harmonize with him. I have
never met with so much knowledge, accompanied with so
much simplicity of manners. You will be charmed with
him.

Adieu. From my Dr friend

Yours sincerely

BENJN RUSH.
PHILADA, .
April 5, 1796.

228 Two Petitions of Citizens of Philadelphia County.

TWO PETITIONS OF CITIZENS OF PHILADELPHIA
COUNTY TO THE GOVEENOE OF THE PEOYINCE,
FOE PEOTECTION AGAINST INDIAN INCUESIONS,

1728.

The administration of the State Library, at Harrisburg, as
carried on since the appointment of the present librarian,
Hon. Thomas Lynch Montgomery, is a model of enlight-
ened policy and business-like methods, and should receive
that substantial recognition and generous support necessary
to add to its dignity and importance as a great library.

The organization, in April of 1903, of the Department of
Public Records, for the arrangement and preservation of
the valuable historical manuscripts of the Commonwealth,
has not only stimulated a spirit of local research but is
proving of the greatest assistance to historians elsewhere.
Of late years history and genealogy have been brought
more closely together, and as an exhibit of how these
blend, in many of the valuable documents in this depart-
ment, the reproduction of two autographic petitions of
1728, from citizens living on the frontiers of Philadelphia
County (now Montgomery) to the Governor for protection
against the threatened incursions of Indians are herewith
given.

The new series of Archives, edited by Mr. Montgomery,
by his discriminating judgment and fastidious exactness,
is junquestionably a most important one, and will prove of
the greatest value and usefulness to the historical student
and general reader of Pennsylvania history.

Letter of Robert Proud, the Historian, 1778. 229

LETTEE OF EOBEET PEOUD, THE HISTOEIAN, 1778.

[The following letter of Kobert Proud, the compiler of the History of
Pennsylvania, addressed to his brother, William Proud, of London, in
addition to indicating his Tory leanings, contains interesting local data,
commercial and military. The original is among the "Proud Manu-
scripts'* of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania.]

PHILAD* Anno 10. . 1778
DEAR BRO. W™ PROUD,

This will in&rm thee that I have as yet recd no Answer
to mine of the I8* of 12 mo. last, in which I mentioned
pretty fully our situation here at that Time, and that I have
wrote thee since in 3 mo. last, respecting the scarcity and
high Price of some kind of Provisions here, which still con-
tinues, viz. Flour, Beef, Pork, Beer, Cheese, etc., refering
the same to thy Consideration, whether it might be worth
while to ship some such Articles, if proper Permission was
obtained, the Trade not yet being free to this Place ; but
that as these Articles are very profiting, and if large Quan-
tities should come in this Spring or Summer, or should the
Country be opened to the City, which are Things probable,
it would be bad Consequence to be concerned in the same.
Flour especially is said to be very plentiful in the Country,
but not to be got into the City at present : but from what I
then wrote, I imagine it would appear best to thee not to
venture ; every Thing here respecting Trade being in such
a very dubious and dangerous Situation, which is still likely
to continue to be the case. Dry Goods in all probability
will be very low ; the People here are able to purchase but
very little; their legal Paper Currency being entirely
stopped, and their other means of remittance, by the Pro-
duce of the Country cut off, or destroyd by the War. These
Lines, therefore, are only just to let thee hear from me, and

230 Letter of Robert Proud, the Historian, 1778.

give thee a Hint of the Continuation of the State of the
above mentioned Articles etc in this Place.

I am not yet quite recovered in my Health since my severe
sickness, during the great Part of last "Winter ; I believe 1
applyed myself last Summer too closely in adjusting some
Papers, in part drawing up an Essay toward a History of
the first Settlement of this Province an Affair recommended
by some Frd's, but which now lyes interrupted; this with
my long preceeding confinement in this City, in the Rebel
Usurpation in it, and since it being unsafe to go out of the
Lines, especially for such as are more obnoxious than some
others to the Rebel Party, together with the sight of the
affecting scene of Destruction in this once happy Coun-
try, occasioned in my opinion by a most highly infatuated
and mad People, and the different Way of living in these
distressing Times, I imagine may have contributed towards
my sickness.

One of the Frd's who was banished from home to Vir-
ginia last Autumn is lately dead in Exile viz. Tho. Gilpin,
Son-in-Law of Joshua Fisher ; John Hunt, who is likewise
there in Exile, has been dangerously sick ; and his Disorder
having fallen into his Leg, it has lately undergone an Ampu-
tation ; but whether he yet survives the operation, which is
doubtful, we daily wait to hear; several others of them
having lately been dangerously sick; all Applications by
Frd's for their Releasement have hitherto been in vain.
Two of the Number, who were not Frd's or Quakers,
came home without leave last Winter. I have wrote to
Bro. John by the present opportunity, from whom I lately
rec'd a Letter dated in London, which he informs me is his
present Residence. I shall be glad to hear from thee re-
specting him, how he goes on, and is likely to proceed, as far
as is in thy Power. In daily Expectation of hearing from
thee, it being I think several years since thy last, I remain
with Love to thee and Family with my Dear Mother,

thy Bro,

R. PROUD.

Letter of Robert Proud, the Historian, 1778. 231

The Army still remains here in Winter Quarters, and in
very good Condition, Washington with his Army is ab* 22
miles distant. Nothing of much Moment that I know of
has happened between them or their Parties for most Part
of the Winter.

P. S. Anno. 13th.

After having wrote the above, I have just recd thy accepta-
ble Letter of 1 mo. 2 2nd. Thy kind Information respecting
my Relations, and Concern for myself, give me much satis-
faction. I intend to write to the Person in Maryland men-
tioned by thee, when Communication opens, which is at
present entirely shut up, and next to impossible, except by
mere Chance. This City being still, as it were, besieged by
the Rebel Militia supported by Washington's Army ; who,
in small parties around it in the Country, do every Thing in
their power to prevent Provisions, coming in, plundering
the Inhabitants of what they can find, and otherwise abusing
and murdering many of them, and burning such part of the
Hay, Corn, and Forage around us as they cannot carry off;
to prevent, as they say, it's coming into the Hands of the
English. These Parties always run away when the King's
Troops go out after them, and return again when they
retreat.

Since the above was written there appears more Proba-
bility of our banished Frds. being either released or, in some
Manner, returning Home, than heretofore ; they are ordered
from Winchester in Virginia to Lancaster in this Province,
where the Usurpers of this Government sit ; A few Days
will probably shew the Event. A Fleet of above 40 Sail
with a great Variety of Goods, Provisions, etc., are just ar-
riving here from N". York, which I expect will bring down
the Prices of several Articles which I have above mentioned
to thee ; but I am informed there is no Flour on board.

232 Selected Letters of Michael Hillegas.

SELECTED LETTEES OF MICHAEL HILLEGAS,
TKEASURER OF THE UNITED STATES.

[Among the recent accessions to the Manuscript Department of The
Historical Society of Pennsylvania, is the Letter Book of Michael Hille-
gas, Treasurer of the United States, presented by Mr. Charles Lockrey.]

-r, YORK TOWN Decr. 3, 1777—

DEAR BROTHER :

Have the pleasure of informing you of all our Healths,
but withall very anxious what will become of poor Sister
Jeninngs and her children, should she have remained in
Philadelphia. I wrote you several letters after you left
Reading on this subject for you to try to get her out with
some of the Market People — I also wrote to her (which I
hope she received) to try to get out ; do let me know the
success you had, for I feel much for them — I also wrote to
some friends to assist her. You may write me by the way
of Reading to the care of Mr. James Read or Mr. Mark
Bird, of that place, either of whom can forward it to me
either by post or otherwise.

I have enclosed you an order on Mr. Samuel Morris
Senr who I believe lives at Gabriel Shuler's place, about 10
or 12 mile below you, to pay you the moneys in his
hand belonging to me, his son Mr. Sam1 C. Morris left it
with him for that purpose. You'll please to credit me with
the amount and write me how much it is. Mrs. Hillegas
and Children join me in the sincerest love to you, Dear
Sister Kuhl and all your sweet children, together with all
our relations about you,
and am

Dear Brother

Yours Most affectionately

P. 8.- M' H'

Do let us know how you all do, and how your son has
got the better of his fracture by falling off his horse.

MR. FREDERICK KUHL.

Selected Letters of Michael Hillegas. 233

YORK TOWN Dec' 3, 1777.
MY DEAR SIR.

I have the pleasure of informing you and yours that I
am once more blessed with having my Children about me,
after having been deprived of their Company for nine
months, and at present Blessed be God, we are all in
Health. Your son Mr. Saml. C. Morris wrote me before
his departure for the West Indies that he had lodged my
share of the proceeds of our Adventure to France in your
hands to pay me ; as I was in Baltimore still in Expecta-
tion of seeing you soon in Phil*., I never troubled you with
any line about it. But it being at present uncertain how
soon I shall have that pleasure, Have taken the liberty of
drawing on* you in favor of my Brother Kuhl no way
doubting but that it will be equally agreeable, and that you
will honor the same. We hear the distress of the Remain-
ing Inhabitants of our Dear City is great, but their being in
the Enemies hands ; I hope however, in due time the Philis-
tines will be obliged to fly that City, nay all America, and
that we shall see each other in that place in peace and
safety — Which God Grant may be soon — Mrs. Hillegas
and Children join me in love to you, good Mrs. Morris and
all the Children, and in expectation of being favourd with a
line from you letting us know how you Do, with what else
you may have in the News way to Communicate, — am Dr.
Sir and Dear Neighbour,

Your affectionate friend & humble Servent
SAML MORRIS ESQ*. M. H.

YORK TOWN Mar. 17, 1778.
DEAR SIR.

Permit me to thank you for your very agreeable Letter
of the 7th of October last, & of expressing my Obligation to
you for your kind Inclination of serving Mr. McCreery in
the Negotiating his Certificates of our Continental Loan
Office, but am sorry you were with some reason " told that
our Money had depreciated" and that therefore "you could

234 Selected Letters of Michael Hillegas.

not in Concience be Concerned in negociating them as equal in
Equal in Value to the Number of Spanish Dollars mentioned in
them."

I must acknowledge that the high prices things have borne
here pleads undoubtedly strong that the Money has depre-
ciated, but give me leave at the same time to observe that
this has not been altogether occasioned by the Quantity of
Money which has been issued with us, but in part by a
Scarcity of foreign Articles (and which scarcity was by the
Traders made some what Artificial by secreting ye Goods we
really had). This the retailers as well as the Importers
availed themselves of, and Continued to raise in their prices
(till lately) higher & higher. This same Spirit of Avarice
soon got among the Farmers particularly those who were
disaffected, who in turn when they were asked the Prices of
the Necessaries of Life &c., they had for sale would naturally
in Justification of their Demands plead the high prices they
were obliged to give for Salt, Sugar, Rum, Coffee & all
kinds of European Goods. I cant however help thinking
this evil will soon mend, many foreign Articles being already
more reasonable than they were some time ago. Salt at
Baltimore has fallen from £18 to £4 ^ Bushel & I hear
where it is made on the Shore it sold 30 @ 40/.

As to the Money which has been issued, am well satisfied
that it is good, because the Estates of America are & will
be a sufficient security for the redemption of all the Money
that has been issued and even much more. Taxes have
already commenced in most if not all the States, which
have been very cheerfully paid by all Whiggs & I stand in-
formed that this to the Eastward had the Effect of Lowering
Goods 25 P. C*. But you & I both know that Taxes re-
peated year after year without a Trade Foreign as well as
Domestic will soon move heavy. And I am not without
my hopes That this Trade will soon be Obtained, so soon at
least, as we shall have the happiness of Compleatly beating
our Enemies, which God of his infinite Mercy Grant may
be this ensuing Campaign. I think I hear you say Nothing

Selected Letters of Michael Hittegas. 235

less will do, and then without the Art of Prophecy we shall
see our Money daily become more and more Valuable.

Mr. Lutterloh whom you were pleased to recommend
to me lately sent me your Letter of the 23d January
1777, he is now in Camp, have not as yet had the pleasure
of seeing him, as soon however as that shall be the Case
you may depend shall shew him all the Civilities in my
Power.

Some time since was informed of a Lieut. Gen1 Hille-
gas in the Holland service whom I've some reason to sup-
pose a relation of mine, have wrote him on the subject,
under cover of the enclosed Letter which I beg you'll
forward. If you have any Acquaintance in Holland who
may know Men in that way, would beg a few lines from
you to them respecting this Discovery, my Character, my
Situation in Life & what else you may please to mention of
me, this Communicated to the General through your friend
I flatter myself might be of no Disservice.

Mrs. Hillegas joins me in Compliments, and am Dr Sir
with much Esteem & regard your most Affectionate as
well as most Humble Serv*

MICHAEL HILLEGAS.

DOCTOR FRANKLIN —
One of ye ambassadors from y6
United States of America at ye
Court of Versailles, at Passey,
near Paris.

YOBK TOWN March 17, 1778.
DEAR FRIEND.

I just now hear the Post is to set off so that I've no more
time than just to acknowledge the Receipt of yours of the
14th Instant, with the two therein enclosed drafts & Letters,
the latter I immediately delivered, but as yet have not any
answer as to the drafts — Genl Mifflin is not yet come here,
tho* daily expected ; shall as soon as he comes inquire about
the'other affair, and write you very soon — Pray could you not
Interest a poor slave to his country to the Amount of five

236 Selected Letters of Michael Hillegas.

hundred or a thousand Pounds in a good Vessel & Cargo
to France & back again, — If you can, do write me. — Per-
mit me to thank you for the Civilities shown Baron Holt-
zendorff & Mr. Senf.

We long very much to hear of the full recovery of
Health of your Saml. Purviance, as well as always to hear
of all your Healths & both Families, or rather If I mistake
not the whole three Families. Mrs. H. & Son Sam'l join in
Love to all & every of you and am Dr Sir y™ &c.

M.H.

MR. H. R PURVIANCE.

YORKTOWN Mar. 25th, 1778.

HONOR D SIR.

Your goodness I doubt not will excuse me for troubling
you in behalf of the Public, & for my not having any ac-
quaintance your way to write to.

Have to inform you of the arrival of William Kennan
the Copperplate printer you were pleased to find us. We
have now to request the favour that you'll please get pur-
chased of Mr. William Post at Poughkeepsie about ten or
12 Ib of Frankfort Black, that the same be well packed up
& sent hence by the first Express coming to Congress.
You'll please Address the same to me, and draw for the
same on, Hon'rd Sir

Your most obedfc Servt.

M. H.

P. S. Let me pray you to be as expeditious as possible,
as it is much wanted by the public.

His EXCELLENCY GEO. CLINTON GovR OF N. YORK.

Novr 5th, 1779.
HON'D SIR:

Permit me to Remind you of my acquainting you of my
having been informed of a name sake of mine, who I un-
derstood was in the Holland Service, either in the Sea or
Land Department (or both) but which of these my In-
formant could not with Certainty say.

Selected Letters of Michael Hillegas. 287

And to take the Liberty to request that on your Arrival
in Holland when your more Important Business will admit
of it, that you will please Interest yourself in my behalf
and f make particular Inquirey for him, if you should be so
fortunate as to find him, to deliver or send the Inclosed to
him so that he may certainly get it. I should be further
obliged if you could either tell him or write him, what you
know of me or of my Characture & to request his answer
to my Letter as I want to know whether or no he is any
way Related to me ; having given him an account of our
family.

Wishing you now with the greatest & most affectionate
Sincerity Health & happiness, as well as pleasant Journey &
voyage to that Country & Success in all your Negotiations
there — I subscribe myself with the most profound Respect
your honours Most Obed* Serv*

M. HILLEGAS.

HONBLE HENRY LAURENS ESQR.

PHILA. Dec. 11, 1779.
MY DR. SIR.

I am so well acquainted with business and easily can
imagine the Multiplicity of it which will fall to your Lott
on your arrival in France, That I take this Liberty of
troubling you with a few lines by way of Memorandum,
respecting the trifling matter of mine.

You will please to purchase for & send me from the pro-
ceeds of my Certificate of the 1000 Dollars two or three of
those pictures you & I see hanging behind the Chair of the
president of Congress at the House : two or 3 of the several
Busts of Doctor Franklin which are done in a kind of
brownish or Redish Earth & put in Round Frames, like
pictures, about 3 inches in diameter, Also of those done in
a kind of China of ye same size. With the remainder you
will please to purchase Silks or Linens and some Lady's
Gloves. I now take pleasure of sincerely wishing you a
prosperous Passage to France, a happy sight of all your
friends there, Success in your business & a safe return to

238 Selected Letters of Michael Hilkgas.

America, but above all Health, — and am with truth & real
regard Dr. Sir.

Yr. most affectionate Hble. Serv

M. H.

MR. WM MCCREERY.

PHILA. May 6, 1780.
MY DEAR FRIEND.

In obedience to your note of the 9th Dec. last to Mr. Jones
requesting me to obtain Lodgings suitable for you in this
City : I immediately made the necessary inquiry and was
lucky enough to procure one, which I engaged for you,
then and ever since daily expecting to have the pleasure of
seeing you with us again. I informed you soon after the
same of my having engaged this place, by one of the Conti-
nental Riders [I think it was one Brown] , which hope came
to your Hands ; but having never since been favoured with
a line I constantly apologized for it, on continually hearing
you were to sett off for this place very shortly. "What I
have now to say is, the owner of the House where the
Lodgings were obtained, has several times applied to me
about my giving them up as Mr. Cyrus Griffin, a Delegate
from Virginia, among many others wanted them ; But still
as I said before expecting you, I could not do it. I should
therefore, wish you would give me such directions as you
may think proper, as the Man expects the pay for the
Lodgings from the time they were taken.

Mrs. Hillegas, Peggy & Henry all join me in Love to
yourself & good Mrs. Hancock and to express the pleasure
we have of hearing of your Son being so fine a Boy.
I am with the greatest Esteem & Regard,
My Dr. Sir,

Your most affectionate Friend,
& very humble Serv*

M. H.

The Honbel.

JOHN HANCOCK ESQUIRE,
Major Genl., Boston.

Sekcted Letters of Michael RiUegas. 239

PHILA. May 9, 1780.
DEAR SIR.

I beg you'll immediately let me know how our Hessians
do or come on. If any of them have deserted ; it will give
great uneasiness with the Board of War. The Army com-
plain that they risk their Lives to obtain (inter alia) Prisoners
and that afterward for want of care, they are permitted to
make their escape; If any of ours therefore, should have
left the Works, it will be best to avoid trouble and Cost to
conduct the remaining ones immediately to this City to be
delivered up to Goal, from whence we took them. If they
still remain, it will be best in you, not to hint the least of
this Letter to any person whatever, least it might by acci-
dent get to their Ears, and put them in mind of a thing,
which before they had no inclination of doing.

Should also be much obliged to you to Inform me how
you go on ; I hope it is prosperously, and as I shall very
soon stand in need of some Money, you will either send me
a draft on some body or some Money by a safe hand ; or
direct me when & for how much to draw on you.

Mrs. Hillegas & Children join me in Love to you & good
Mrs. Slough & whole family — and am

Dr Sir with much esteem & Regard

Yours most affectionately

M. HILLEGAS.

MATTHIAS SLOUGH ESQ.

240 A Bit of Local Gossip of 174.0.

A BIT OF LOCAL GOSSIP OF 1740.

BY FRANCIS VON A. CABEEN.

Since Mr. "Whitefield's Preaching here the Dancing
School Assembly and Concert Koom have been shut up as
inconsistent with the Doctrine of the Gospel : And though
the gentlemen coneern'd caus'd the door to be broke open
again, we are informed that no company came the last As-
sembly Night. — The Pennsylvania Gazette, May 1, 1740.

In my last, at the Request of Mr. Seward, I enserted an
Article of News, relating to the shutting up of the Concert
Room &c. which it seems gives great Offence to the Gentle-
men concern'd in the Entertainments usually carry'd on
there : for tho' the Article is allow'd to be litterally true, yet
by the Manner of Expression 'tis thought to insinuate some
thing that is not true, viz. That the Gentlemen forbore
meeting on the Night mentioned as thinking such Enter-
tainments inconsistent with the Doctrine of the Gospel. I
have often said that if any person thinks himself injured in
a Public News-Paper he has a right to have his Vindication
made as publick as the Assertion. The Gentlemen above
mentioned have brought me the following letter to be in-
serted in my Paper, believing the Publication of it will be
advantagious to their Reputation ; And tho' I think there
is a good deal of Difference between a Vindication and an
Invective ; and that whatever Obligations a printer may be
under to publish Things of the former Kind, he can be
under none with Regard to the latter ; Yet as the publish-
ing of this will obviate a groundless Report (injurious to
that Gentleman) that Mr. Whitefield had engag'd all the
Printers not to print anything against him, but his Doc-
trine and Practice should be expos'd and the people unde-
ceived ; I shall therefore print it as I receive it ; And when

A Bit of Local Gossip of 174.0. 241

the Publick has heard what may possibly be said in Reply
they will then judge for themselves.

PHIL AD A May 6 1740
MR. FRANKLIN

The Persons concerned in the Assembly and Concert
think their Characters injur'd by the Insinuation which the
Paragraph in your last Gazette relating thereto, manifestly
carries in it, as if any of them had declined going to either
on Account of their being inconsistent with the Doctrine of
the Christian Religion. Agreeable therefore to what you
promised, that your Press should be open to any Vindica-
tion the Gentlemen concerned might think proper to make
you are desir'd to publish this letter which will let the
World Know* in what an unbecoming Manner this Affair
has been conducted.

William Seward who came into this Place as an Attendant
and intimate Companion of Mr. Whitefield's inconsistently
(to use his own Expression) with the Doctrine of the Gos-
pel took upon him to invade other Men's Property; and
contrary to Law and Justice on the 16th of April shut up
the Door of the Concert Room without any previous Ap-
plication to or consent had of any of the Members; and
being informed that he had by his Act made himself liable
to a Prosecution he went the very Day before this notable
Paragraph was published and is supposed after his delivery
of it to you to be printed and ask'd Pardon of some of the
principal Gentlemen of that Society for his Indiscretion re-
peatedly assuring them that he Knew nothing of any Gen-
tlemen's having hired the Rooms and that if he had had
the least Intimation of it he would not have caused them
to be shut up ; And in this it appears he asserted an Un-
truth in order to have an Apology for his conduct ; for Mr.
Bolton of whom the Rooms were taken, had before
Seward's shutting them up inform'd him that they were
hired by some of the chief Persons in Town for a Term
then unexpired ; which Declaration of Mr. Bolton's was con-
firmed by Seward himself who happening to come into
VOL. xxix. — 16

242 A Bit of Local Gossip of 1740.

your Shop at the very time when you given him for the
Author of the Paragraph to some who were come to make
Enquiry about it he thought proper to give a Detail of the
Part he had acted in this Affair; and therein he own'd
that hefore his shutting up the Rooms Mr. Bolton had told
him they belonged to the Members of the Concert tho' he
had so lately pretended and affirmed the Contrary when he
ask'd Pardon as related.

It is said the Paragraph is true because the Company
did not meet to Dance on the Tuesday before the Date of
your last Gazette ; But alas will this justify the Iniquity of
such an Imposition on the Publick ? The fact was : The
same Night the Rooms were shut up by Seward the Gen-
tlemen of the Concert judging such romantick Piece of
Conduct cou'd only proceed from wrong TURN of HEAD
thought it below them to take any Notice of it and there-
fore ordering their Door to be opened again, met the Night
after according to Custom ; and the Tuesday following the
Company met to Dance as they used to do ; but the As-
sembly being only for the Winter Season is now discon-
tinued of Course and the Concert being for the whole Year
still goes on as usual.

After this Account of Seward's Behavior no one can
wonder at his low Craft in getting this Paragraph foisted
into the News-Papers just before his Departure for England
in order to carry it along with him and spread his Master's
Fame as tho' he had met with great Success among the
better Sort of People in Penna. when at the same Time to
his great Mortification he can't but be sensible that he has
been neglected by them ; and were they to deliver their
Sentiments of him with the same Freedom he takes with
others he wou'd presently discover they had both him and
his mischievous Tenets in the utmost Contempt.

Nor is this the only Instance of Misrepresentation in
Favour of Mr. Whitefield's Success ; for in all those Articles
of News which give an Account of the vast Crowds who
compose his Audience their Numbers are always exag-

A Bit of Local Gossip of 1740. 243

gerated being often doubled and sometimes trebled ; And
considering that these Accounts are said to be put into the
Papers by themselves are they not a further Specimen of
their little Eegard to Truth ? Nay are they not a Demon-
stration that these Men have other Designs in View than
are agreeable to their Pretences ? And what such a cause
must be that requires such Means to propagate it is left to
the Judgment of all unprejudiced Men. — The Pennsylvania
Gazette, May 8, 1740.

244 Notes and Queries.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

A LIST OF SOME OF THE EUROPEAN MAGAZINES IN THE LIBRARY
OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA. — At the request of
several correspondents, the following list of some of the principal Euro-
pean Magazines in the library of The Historical Society of Pennsylva-
nia has been prepared. This list excludes local, technical, genealogical
periodicals, etc. Most of these last are new, while the present list
represents periodicals which are extinct or are no longer taken, with the
exception of Notes & Queries.

I. English.

Gentleman's Magazine, 1731-1862 (except January to June, 1860).
Gentleman's Magazine and Monthly Oracle, Vol. I., 1736.
London Magazine, 1739-1781.
Universal Magazine, 1754.
Monthly Review, 1749-1819.
Royal Female Magazine, 1760.
North Briton, June, 1762-November, 1763.
St. James Magazine, 1762-1764.
Town and Country Magazine, 1769-1793.
Lady's Magazine, 1799.

Westminster Magazine, 1777-1779 ; 1782-1784.
General Magazine, 1776-1777.
Political Magazine, 1780-1788.
General Magazine, 1787-1790.
European Magazine, 1783-1824.
Imperial Magazine, 1789.
New Lady's Magazine, 1791-1792.
Naval Chronicle, 1799-1818.
Quarterly Review (American edition), 1859.
Asiatic Journal, 1816-1819.
Kirby's Museum, 1820 (6 vols.).

Retrospective Review, 1820-1824 ; 1827-1828. Third Series, 1853-
1854.

New Monthly Magazine (American reprint), 1821-1825.
Westminster Review (American reprint), 1859.
Foreign Quarterly Review, 1827-1846.
United Service (Colburn's), 1829-1859.
Saturday Magazine, 1832-1844.
Punch, 1842-1862.

Ilustrated London News, 1845-1846 ; 1854-1859.
Notes and Queries, 1849-1905.
Willis's Current Notes, 1851-1857.
Cornhill, 1860.
English Historical Review, 1886.

Notes and Queries. 245

II. Scotch.

Scots Magazine, 1750, 1755, 1757, 1776-1783.
Edinburgh Keview (American edition), 1859.

Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine (American edition), 1848, 1859-
1866.

North British (American edition), 1859.

///. French.
La Guerre Illustre"e, 1870-1871.

IV. German*
Gartenlaube, 1870-1888.

SEIDEL-FRANKLIN CORRESPONDENCE. — After Franklin had re-
turned from Europe and taken his seat in Congress, Bishop Nathaniel
Seidel, of Bethlehem, wrote to him, soliciting his good offices in behalf
of the Moravians. The copy of Bishop Seidel's letter and Franklin's
reply, are preserved in the Moravian Archives at Bethlehem :

Dear and honored Sir: — Your safe Return from England to Philadel-

?hia at so very critical a Time, has given me and my Brethren much
oy ; we viewed and honored the Hand of God in it, hoping that your
great knowledge and long Experience in Government Affairs, will be
once more well apply 'd for the Good of this country in general and in
particular to the settling of the unhappy Dispute between England and
these Colonies, which at present wears a very dismal Aspect. I there-
fore most heartily welcome you in Pensilvania for myself and in the
name of the Brethren in Bethlehem. But dear Sir, I have still another
Reason to trouble you with these Lines & I hope you'll excuse my Free-
dom.

Time & Circumstances have, with a deep Regard for your Person im-
planted into us, also a particular Confidence, which make me address
you in our present critical Situation. The present ferment thro' the
whole Province has brought us into a perplex' d and distressed State in
this County and other Places.

Our good Neighbours with whom we lived many years in neighbourly
Love & Union are stirred up against us and seem to be quite out of Hu-
mor with the Brethren & others who on account of the Religious Prin-
ciples can't join them in taking up Arms & do as they do, some good in-
offensive Persons have been already ill treated on account of their Refusal
to exercise & others have been treadned with the Ruin of their Planta-
tions, Destruction of their Houses and Barns, & tarring and feathering.
We know how to excuse this vehement Heat, but are much afraid of the
bad Consequences and the evil Effects such Excuses may have upon the
Country in general. I would therefore in the name of the Brethren &
other sufferers in this and other Provinces beg the favour of you, to be
their Advocate in the present Congress & to use your best Influence with
the Honourable Members to give no Occasion on their Resolves, to the
several Committees or others to attack their Neighbours & Fellow Sub-
jects in the most tender and dearest Parts, their Conscience and Religious
Liberties, for which they are come into this Country ; but that an Hon-
ourable Congress rather recommend it to the good People of these Prov-
inces, to keep the Peace and to let every Religious Society enjoy their Priv-
ileges fully & undisturbed, as long as they do not act against their Country.

246 Notes and Queries.

We seek nothing but the good of the Country where we live and that
we under the Governors of the Land, wherein we dwell, may lead a quiet
and peaceful Life in all Godliness and Honesty. We know how to value
the good old English Liberty which we have enjoyed thro' God's Mercy,
so many Years in this Country, but we should think ourselves extremely
unhappy if in the Struggle for common Liberty, we should lose our Lib-
erty of Conscience. I think none can nor will we withdraw ourselves
from the common Burden and Expense of the Province wherein we dwell.
That the God of Peace may direct the Councils of the Americans &
the Councils in England, so, that both may meet one another in the way
of Peace is surely the Prayer pf thousands, of which I am one. Please
to accept this with the humble Respects of the Brethren & my best
Wishes for your Health & all desirable Happiness from

DrSir
Your Humble Servt,

N. SEIDEL.
Dr. Franklin replied as follows :

PHILADELPHIA, June 2, 1775.

Reverend and Dear Sir: — I am much obliged to your kind Congratu-
lations on my Return ; and I rejoice to hear that the Brethren are well
and prosper. I am persuaded that the Congress will give no Encourage-
ment to any to molest your People on Account of their Religious Prin-
ciples ; and tho much is not in my Power, I shall on every Occasion
exert myself to discountenance and prevent such infamous Practices. I
remember that you put yourselves into a good Posture of Defence at the
Beginning of the last war when I was at Bethlehem ; and I then under-
stood from my much respected Friend Bp. Spangenberg, that there were
among the Brethren many who did not hold it unlawful to arm in defen-
sive War. If there be still any such among your young Men perhaps it
would not be amiss to permit them to learn the Military Dicipline among
their Neighbors, as this might conciliate those who at present express
some Resentment ; and having Arms in Readiness for all who may be
able and willing to use them, will be a general Means of Protection
against Enemies of all kinds.

But a Declaration of your Society, that tho they can not in conscience
compel their young Men to learn the Use of Arms, yet they do not re-
strain such as are disposed, will operate in the Minds of People very
greatly in your Favour. Excuse my Presumption in offering Advice,
which indeed may be of little Value, but proceeds from a Heart fill'd
with Affection and Respect for a Society I have long highly esteemed,
and among whom I have many valuable Friends.
I am with great Regard,
& Veneration

Rev'd Sir

Your most obediant
humble Servant,

B. FRANKLIN.

LETTER TO RICHARD HENRY LEE, OF VIRGINIA, 1770. —

LONDON Jan. 27. 1770.

DEAR SIR,

According to the advices of our W. Lee we now send out Cap* James
Walker in the new Ship Liberty to load for us in Potomack. We have

Notes and Queries. 247

purchased her, that our friends may be upon a certainty of a regular
annual ship to bring home their tobacco & carry out their goods.

We shall think ourselves extremely happy to be favor' d with your
consignments & interest, for which purpose, if the plan shd be agreeable
to you, we will endeavor to prevent your former connections from being
any objection, on this head we should wish you to write us explicitly,
that we may be fully acquainted with what you desire, tho' for the pres-
ent we hope Cap* W. will receive some of your favors. As we conclude
our W. L. has mentioned our plans fully to you we think it needless to
say anything more here, only with our best respects to yr Lady & Family,
we remain with the highest esteem,
Dear Sir

Your mo. ob. Hble Serv*

De Berdt's, Lee & Sayre.
Dennys de Berdt.
Dennis De Berdt Junr.
William Lee.
Stephen Sayre.

RICHARD HENRY LEE ESQ. Chantillyl
Potomac River, Virginia J

LETTER OP BENJAMIN FRANKLIN TO WILLIAM STRAHAN, OF LON-
DON, 1752. —

PHILA June 20, 1752.

DEAR SIR,

I received yours of Jan. 17 with two Vols. of Viner, in good Order ;
but the Ship proving leaky, the Water got into the Box containing poor
Sally's Dressing Glass, by which means the Glue being dissolved, the
Frame parted, the Glass dropt out and broke to pieces, and the Wood
Work is so twisted and cast out of Shape in drying again, that nothing
fits, and the whole is not, in my Opinion, worth a farthing ; tho' the
Surveyor's have valu'd it at £ prime cost. I am thus particular, sup-
posing you insured it with the other Goods you then sent, and that pos-
sibly something may be recovered towards another.

Honest David Martin, Rector of our Academy, my principal Antag-
onist at Chess, is dead, and the few remaining Players here are very in-
different, so that I have now no need of Stommas 12/ Pamphlet, and am
glad you did not send it.

By Mesuard, Sally's Books came to hand in good Order ; But a 4to
Bible with Cuts charged in the Invoice, was not in the Trunk ; Instead
of it, there was a 2d Vol. of Foster's Nat. Religion in boards, which I
keep, having the first.

I am not well enough acquainted with the Booksellers in New Eng-
land to venture recommending or advising you to deal with any of them
unless for ready Cash. In general the People there are artful to get into
Debt, and pay badly. If I should ever make another Journey thither,
I could, when on the spot, judge better of Persons, and perhaps be of
some Service.

Enclosed is a Bill of 50 £ Sterling, drawn by Pole & Howell on Wm
Baker Esq. Mercht. London, with a List of Books for the Library Com-
pany. As this is the first time of their Dealing with you, they will
inspect the Invoice pretty curiously, therefore I hope you will be careful
to procure the Books as cheap as possible. The Company are unac-

248 Notes and Queries.

quainted with some of the Books, so that if the whole should come to
more than 50 £ with Charges of Insurance, &c. they desire you would
omit so many as to bring it within that Sum ; for their Money comes in
hut once a Year, and they do not chuse to lie so long in Debt.

Please to send me another of Popple's Maps of North America,
large, on Kollers ; a Pair of Mrs. Senex's improv'd Globes, recommended
in the Transactions of the Eoyal Society, (or Neal's improv'd Globes
if thought better than Senex's) the best and largest that may be had
for (not exceeding) Eight Guineas, and a Concave Mirror or Burning
Glass of about 12 Inches Deameter ; with our Account. I send by Mr.
Stirling 7 French and 2 English Guineas, and $ next Ship shall send
you a Bill.

I am sorry to part with that Gentleman just when we were beginning
to be a little acquainted. I wish he had more reason to be satisfied with
his Visit to America.

My Wife & Children join in Compliments to you & yours with, Dr Sir,

Your most obliged
hum1 Servt

B. FRANKLIN.

LETTER OP NICHOLAS GILMAN ro GENERAL WILLIAM IRVINE,

1787.—

NEW YORK November 20th 1787.

DEAR SIR,

I am honored with your obliging favor of the 9th instant and am
very happy to hear there is so great a probability of the adoption of the
new Constitution in your State. The Legislature of New Hampshire
are called together on the occasion and I believe there is no reason to
doubt of its being adopted in that State ; it will go a little harder in
Massachusetts but will finally succeed. I have seen a list of the Mem-
bers chosen for the Convention in Connecticut and there appears to be
a very large majority who are known to be in favor of the new. CKft *

Of Congress there is present: — Massachusetts — New Jersey — Vir-
ginia and South Carolina and from New Hampre your humble servant —
from North Carolina Mr. White and from Georgia Mr. Baldwin. I ex-
pect a Colleague in a few days. Dr. Johnson informs me that delegates
of Connecticutt will attend so that if Pennsylvania comes on we may have
a Congress at once. I am very happy to hear you are in the delegation
and I promise myself the pleasure of seeing you soon in New York in
the mean time, and at all times, I am with great Kespect and Esteem
Dear Sir, your most Obedient and

Humble Servant

N. GILMAN.

Honble
GENERAL IRVINE.

THE PENNSYLVANIA FEDERATION OF HISTORICAL SOCIETIES. — On
January 5, 1905, there was organized at Harrisburg, by the leading
historical societies of the State, The Pennsylvania Federation of His-
torical Societies. The purposes of the organization are to bring together
the various societies ; enable them to become more familiar with the his-
torical work being done by the county societies ; to exchange publica-
tions and to compile a bibliography of the State. The officers of the

Notes and Queries. 249

Federation are: President, John W. Jordan, LL.D., The Historical
Society of Pennsylvania ; Vice- Presidents, Gilbert Cope, Chester County
Historical Society ; Rev. Dr. Joseph H. Dubbs, Lancaster County His-
torical Society ; Rev. Horace Edwin Hayden, Wyoming Historical and
Geological Society ; Secretary, Dr. Samuel P. Heilman, Lebanon
County Historical Society ; Treasurer, Benjamin M. Nead, Dauphin
County Historical Society. A committee consisting of Hon. Thomas
Lynch Montgomery, State Librarian ; Dr. Ezra Grumbine, Lebanon
County Historical Society, and Prof. George R. Prowell, York County
Historical Society, was appointed to further the objects of the Federa-
tion, and to invite the co-operation of societies not represented at the
meeting. The Federation will meet annually in January at Harris-
burg. Societies in the following counties are connected with the organ-
ization : Philadelphia, Chester, Dauphin, Berks, Lancaster, Lebanon,
York, Washington, Luzerne, Schuylkill, Cumberland, Allegheny.

LETTER OF GENERAL WASHINGTON TO GENERAL WAYNE, 1789. —
Original in the collection of Mrs. Morris W. Stroud, Villa Nova, Penna.

NEW YORK May 4 1789

DEAR SIR

I feel myself much indebted for the congratulatory letter you for-
warded to me by Genl Jackson & for the favour you did me in bringing
me acquainted with that gentleman

Your reflections on the arduous nature of the station in which I am
placed correspond exactly with my own If the crisis has demanded my
services, I hope the countenance of my fellow Citizens will assist me in
overcoming the difficulties of it In the meantime I am to mention my
satisfaction for your friendly sentiments & offers My greatest apprehen-
sion at present is, that more will be expected from me, than I shall be
able to perform All that an honest zeal can dictate for the advancement
of the interests of our Country will, however, be cheerfully & persever-
ingly attempted by
Dear Sir

Your most Obed & very Hble Servt

G WASHINGTON
GEN WAYNE

"FRANCIS CAMPBELL." PENNA. MAG., Vol. XXVIII., page 64,
it is stated that Patrick Campbell, the first Constable of Donegal town-
ship, Lancaster county, died in 1735. This is an error. In 1720 he
located on the banks of a large spring on the centre of a settlement of
Indian traders, near the east bank of Coroy creek, about two miles from
the Susquehanna river. The land is now owned by Simon Engle.

Patrick Campbell took out a Tavern license, and kept a public house
for many years, and died in 1772. In 1740 he married his second
wife, Mary Smith, widow of James Smith, who owned several hundred
acres of land, about a mile east of the tavern. He was a pew-holder in
Donegal Presbyterian Church, distant about five miles from his resi-
dence, and in his will he provided for a sitting for his wife.

Isaac Maranda, a Huguenot, and Indian Trader, settled on the ad-
joining tract (N. W. side) to Campbell's in 1715, and died there in
1732. He devised several thousand acres of land on the Raritan river,
N. J., to James Hamilton, Governor of Pennsylvania, provided he

250 Notes and Queries.

married his daughter Mary, to whom he gave several houses in Phila-
delphia.

John Galbraith, Indian Trader, owned several hundred acres on the
west side of the Campbell tract. His wife's name was Dorcas, and their
daughter Elizabeth married William Spear, who resided about eight
miles northeast of Campbell's. Mr. Spear moved to Baltimore in 1751,
or a year later, and his daughter married William Patterson, a merchant
of that city, and their daughter married Jerome Bonaparte. Galbraith
died in 1768, and his widow in Carlisle, Penna.

Mary Campbell had one son named William Smith, who moved to
Baltimore, where he married a daughter of William Spear. Their son,
Samuel Smith, was a prominent general in the Revolution from Mary-
land, and also represented that State for eighteen years in the Senate of
the United States.

Jonathan Davenport, Thomas Wilkins, James Lowrey, Capt. Samuel
Smith, James Cook, John Combs, Peter Bizalow, and James Le Fort,
all Indian Traders, lived near to Campbell.

SAMUEL EVANS.

Columbia, Pa.

EDWARD SAVAGE AND DAVID EDWIN. — Certainly no one can charge
THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY with
any lack of editorial impartiality. On page 14 of the January number
I say of the work of Edward Savage, ' * These plates show Savage to
have been a much better engraver than painter, as his plates, both in
stipple and in mezzotint, are skilfully and pleasingly executed. The stories
promulgated by Dunlap and very commonly adopted and repeated that
Edwin engraved the plates bearing Savage's name are absurd on their
face and disproved by dates."

A subsequent article in the same number is entitled, ' ' David Edwin,
Engraver, by Mantle Fielding." In this article, on page 84, we read,
speaking of Savage's print of The Washington Family, "the plate was
in a great degree the work of Edwin, although bearing the name of

Savage as the engrawr Savage's work was distinctly of the

mediocre class ; in fact, it has been said that it was chiefly Edwin's
good work on the engraving of The Washington Family that made it
passable."

To expose the absurdity of these statements, all that is necessary is to
marshal the simple facts. Savage's plate of The Washington Family,
was published March 10, 1798. Mr. Fielding says (p. 82) : " It was
in the month of December, 1 797, that David Edwin landed in Philadel-
phia." As he was born in December of 1776, he was then just twenty-
one. On arriving he sought employment, not with Edward Savage, but
with T. B. Freeman, a publisher, who proved a "friend in need" to
Edwin and who gave him immediate employment ; "his first engraving
in America" (p. 83) being the title page for a collection of Scottish airs.
Lower down on the same page we are told that Freeman published May
1, 1798, portraits of Harwood and of Bernard, the actors, both plates
being engraved and signed by Edwin. These plates are not small book
plates, but the engraved ovals measure upwards of 6 inches by 4.
Hence we have Edwin engraving and publishing within five months
after his arrival in Philadelphia three plates, a no small achievement
for a youth of twenty-one fresh from his apprenticeship, and the two
portraits are engraved with no little care.

Notes and Queries. 251

The Washington Family is a large engraving, 24 J inches long by 18 \
inches high, a plate that would take not less than two years to execute.
When then did Edwin, in the employ of Freeman, have the time and
opportunity to do for Savage the " good work on the engraving of The
Washington Family" which was published only little more than two
months after his arrival? For the purposes of argument let us admit
that the "good work" on this plate was by David Edwin. Did Edwin
also do the "good work" on the folio stipple plate, published June 11,
1796, eighteen months before he arrived in Philadelphia, entitled
Liberty, which bears Savage's name as painter and engraver and which
is superior in execution to the plate that we are told " was in a great
degree the work of Edwin" ? With equal reason Savage's stipple plates
of Knox and of Washington, published in 1791 and 1792, could be
claimed for Edwin. And if these why not, too, all the mezzotint plates
bearing the name of Savage? It does not signify that Edwin is not
known to have worked in this method. Perhaps indeed Edward Sav-
age had no existence. The name may be a pseudonym of David Edwin.
Persiflage apart, do not the dates I have given bear me out in stamping
this claim for Edwin as absurd ? David Edwin needs no reputation to
stand upon but liis own. He was a great artist in his branch, far above
Savage in ability and mechanical dexterity. It does not help him one
iota to repeat this baseless claim for him, first set afloat by Dunlap, who
is noted for his untrustworthiness ; but it does great injustice to Savage,
a man who has done good service in the history of American art. I
have more than once taken the occasion to express my high opinion of
the work of David Edwin. In my introduction to the Catalogue of the
Engraved Work of Asher B. Durand Exhibited at the Grolier Club,
April, 1895, I say (p. 7) : "As an engraver Asher Brown Durand is
facile princeps among his countrymen and quite the peer of any of his

European contemporaries But this is no insignificant position

as long as we can point to Edwin, the American Bartolozzi in method,
though vastly superior in manner, for I have yet to see anything by the
Italian- Englishman equal to Edwin's best work after Stuart."

CHARLES HENRY HART.

JOHN PEMBERTON'S COPY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA POCKET ALMA-
NACK FOR 1767, IN THE LIBRARY OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY

OP PENNSYLVANIA, CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING GENEALOGICAL
NOTES.

[Feb.] 2d Eliz: Morris dyed aged 93 & abl 3 mo8.
5th E. M" Corps taken to meetg woh was large & satis.
8th an aged German buried, ab* 96 y* old.
[March] 11th Jn° Shew & A. Griffith mar* at Mt. holly.
18th Lydia Warder buried, aged near 88 havg been in this Country
ab* 85 years.

[May] l§t T. Gawthrop, &c., left Philad* 2d d'embd on bd the Philad*
Packet for Lond°.

5th T. G. &c. left the Capes.

28th laid foundn of New h° in high Street.

A. C. MYERS.

252 Notes and Queries.

<auettes.

THE REV. HEZEKIAH JAMES BALCH.— Descended from a family
originally of County Somerset, England, which began in this country
with John Balch, who immigrated to Maryland in 1 658, Hezekiah James
Balch was born on Deer Creek, Harford County, Maryland, in 1746.
He graduated at Princeton College (now Princeton University), in 1766,
receiving the A.M. degree, then studied for the ministry of the Presby-
terian Church and was licensed to preach the Gospel in 1767 by the
Presbytery of Donegal. In 1769 he took charge of two congregations
in North Carolina, Rocky River and Poplar Tent, which he continued
to serve until his death, seven years afterwards. He was ordained in
1770 by the Presbytery of Donegal. Together with Dr. Ephraim Bre-
vard and William Kennon, both like himself graduates of Princeton
College, he drew up the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence of
May 20, 1775, was one of the speakers before the assembled delegates
and one of the signers of that declaration. Passionately fond of free-
dom for the individual, he used as a motto a phrase expressive of his
character, Ubi libertas, ibi patria. He died unmarried at the begin-
ning of 1776, before the storm of war had reached North Carolina.
The Rev. Hezekiah James Balch should not be confounded with his
brother, the Rev. James Balch, who was born December 25, 1750, and
died in Indiana, January 21, 1821 ; nor with their first cousin, the Rev.
Hezekiah Balch, who was born in 1741, graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1766, and died in Tennessee in 1810, both of whom married
and left descendants. The statements in the records and minutes of the
Presbyterian Church of the United States prove that all three were
pastors of the Presbyterian Church and three distinct and different
persons.

The Rev. Hezekiah James Balch is mentioned in Foote's " Sketches
of North Carolina," 1846 ; Sprague's " Annals of the American Pul-
pit, " 1856; Alexander's "Princeton College during the Eighteenth
Century," 1872 ; Harris's "Historical Sketch of Poplar Tent Church,"
1873 ; Graham's "Why North Carolinians believe in the Mecklenburg
Declaration of Independence of May 20, 1775," 1898. I shall be
much obliged for any further particulars about the Rev. Hezekiah James
Balch. THOMAS WILLING BALCH.

PETTIT. — Information is requested concerning Nathaniel Pettit, of
Mansfield and Little Egg Harbor, Burlington County, New Jersey, born
about 1790, and his sons Amos, Adam, Moses, and Jacob, all of Little
Egg Harbor, their births, marriages, and deaths.

Nathaniel was the son of Moses Pettit, of Mansfield, who was the son
of Nathaniel Pettit, of Falls of Delaware, and Newton, Long Island,
who was the son of Thomas Pettit, of Newton, Exeter, Boston, and
England, born about 1610. DAVID PETTIT,

Beverly, N. J.

HUNTER. — Information is requested concerning Elizabeth Hunter,
born 1744, died 1804, and buried in the cemetery of Donegal Church,
Lancaster County, Penna. H.

Notes and Queries. 253

NANCY'S KUN. — The diary of an Ensign of Sullivan's division form-
ing at Easton, Penna. , for the campaign against the Indians of Western
New York, refers to certain incidents which took place at "Nancy's
Run," not far distant from where his regiment was encamped. Can you
locate this stream ? E. P. W.

HASLETT-McKiM. — Can you give me any facts about William Haslett
or his wife, Isabella McKim ? Their daughter, Susan Haslett, married
William Duncan McKim about 1810.

LE ROY McKiM.

9 W. Forty-eighth Street, New York.

Replied.

NANCY'S RUN. — The Ensign no doubt refers to the stream that rises
near Butztown, and empties into the Lehigh River at Freemansburg,
above Easton. ED. PENNA. MAG.

JBoofe TRotices.

THE HISTORY OF NORTH AMERICA. By Guy Carleton Lee, Ph. D.

Philadelphia. George Barrie & Sons. 20 vols.

The first definite, authoritative and inclusive History of North Amer-
ica, in twenty volumes, now being issued under the chief editorship of
Professor Lee, of Johns Hopkins University, and his staff of eminent
associates by the well known publishers George Barrie & Sons, of this
city, is based on a plan suggested to and approved by a special Committee
of the American Historical Association and in historical accuracy, literary
quality and excellence of illustration and dignity of form reflects the
highest credit on all concerned. A brief reference to the scope of the
work, with the names of the Editor-in-chief's collaborators, who by rea-
son of their recognized ability and learning as students of history, were
selected to prepare the various periods into which it is divided, will in-
dicate why it is invaluable to the student and general reader. Vol. I.
Discovery and Exploration, by Alfred Brittain ; Vol. II. Indians in
North America in Historic Times, by Dr. Cyrus Thomas and W. J.
McGee ; Vol. III. The Colonization of the South, by Peter J. Hamil-
ton ; Vol. IV. The Colonization of the Middle States and Maryland, by
Dr. Frederick R. Jones ; Vol. V. The Colonization of New England,
by Dr. Bartlett B. James ; Vol. VI. The Revolution, by Dr. C. W. A.
Veditz ; Vol. VII. The formation and development of the Constitution,
by Dr. Thomas F. Moran ; Vol. VIII. The Louisiana Purchase and the
Westward Movement, by Dr. Curtis M. Geer; Vol. IX. Mexico,
Central America, and the Southwest, by Dr. Charles C. Swisher; Vol.
X. The Pacific Slope and Alaska, by Dr. Joseph Schafer ; Vol. XI.
Canada and British North America, by Dr. W. B. Munro ; Vol. XII.
The Growth of the Nation from 1809 to 1837, by Dr. Richard T. Stev-
enson ; Vol. XIII. The Growth of the Nation from 1837 to 1860, by
Dr. George W. Knight ; Vol. XIV. The Civil War, (from a Southern
Standpoint), by Dr. W. R. Garrett and R. A. Halley ; Vol. XV. The
Civil War, (from a Northern Standpoint), by Alfred Brittain ; Vol.
XVI. The Reconstruction Period, by John R. Larus ; Vol. XVII.
The Rise of the New South, by Dr. Philip A. Bruce ; Vol. XVIII.

254 Notes and Queries.

The Development of the North, by Dr. Burr J. Ramage and A. H. Noll ;
Vol. XIX. Prehistoric North America, by Dr. W. J. McGee ; Vol.
XX. Insular Possessions of the United States, by Dr. W. N. Webbe.
It is a pleasure to commend this splendid work, and also to note that,
the volumes already published have met the highest expectations.

THE LIFE OF THOMAS H. BENTON. By William M. Meigs. Phila-
delphia. 1904. Crown 8vo, 535 pp. Illustrated.
Thomas Hart Benton, the distinguished Democratic statesman, was
born in North Carolina, March 14, 1782, and after representing the
state of Missouri in the Senate of the United States from 1821-1851,
and the lower House from 1853-55, died in Washington, D. C., April
10, 1858. Less is known of Benton than of his contemporaries, yet he
was a tremendous force in his day. Pre-eminently a statesman, he long
foresaw the Civil War, and his passionate devotion to the Union was
surpassed by no one. Mr. Meigs has been a long-time student of his
career, and the Life is marked by a scholarly care and thoroughness,
and for the general reader, it possesses the charm of an intimate touch
and sympathy with its subject, his life, and accomplishments. From
the press of the J. B. Lippincott Co. ; price in cloth, $2.

THE LIFE AND TIMES OF THOMAS SMITH, 1745-1809, A PENNSYL-
VANIA MEMBER OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. WITH AN
INTRODUCTION BY THE HON. HAMPTON L. CARSON, LL.D., AT-
TORNEY-GENERAL OF PENNSYLVANIA. By Burton Alva Konkel.
Philadelphia. 1904. 8vo, pp. 303. Illustrated.
While associated with the Hon. Hampton L. Carson, in the collection
of material for his " History of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania,"
the author became interested in certain of the remarkable, but too little
known, judges and lawyers of the past, in Pennsylvania, and especially
in the character and career of Judge Thomas Smith, a half-brother of
William Smith, first Provost of the University of Pennsylvania.
Thomas Smith was one of a group of interesting young Scotchmen —
James Wilson, Hugh Henry Brackenridge, and Alexander Addison —
all born within a short distance of each other in their mother land, and
all attaining high judicial positions. Smith arrived here in 1768, at
the age of twenty -three years, became a surveyor and a pioneer in that
section of the State which embraces the present counties of Bedford and
Huntingdon, and soon added the duties of lawyer, prothonotary, clerk,
recorder, and Justice of the Common Pleas and member of the Assem-
bly. He also was commissioned Colonel of the Second Battalion of the
Bedford County Associators ; served as a member of the Committee to
draft instructions to the Delegates in Congress ; later became a member
of the Constitutional Convention of 1776, and still later a member of the
Continental Congress. He retired in 1782 to resume his practice at the
bar, and nine years afterwards became President Judge of the Fourth
Judicial District, and then four years later a member of the Supreme
Court. The life and services of this distinguished citizen of the Com-
monwealth is worthy of the personal sympathy of the author, who by
his patient and learned research has been successful in providing us
with so valuable and important a biography. We can with pleasure
commend this substantial work, not only to the student, but to the
general reading public. The book is well printed on excellent paper,

Notes and Queries. 255

liberally illustrated, and provided with a full index. Copies on sale by
Campion & Co.

HANNAH LOGAN'S COURTSHIP. — A TRUE NARRATIVE. The wooing of
the daughter of James Logan, Colonial Governor of Pennsylvania,
and divers other matters, as related in the diary of her lover, the
Honorable John Smith, Assemblyman of Pennsylvania and King's
Councillor of New Jersey, 1786-1752. Edited by Albert Cook
Myers. Philadelphia. 1904. 360 pages. Illustrated. Price
$2.50.

The wooing of James Logan's youngest daughter, Hannah, by John
Smith, a brother of the well-known historian of New Jersey, as recorded
in his diary, while it gives his thoughts and feelings in his love affair,
often under adverse circumstances, also contains social and historical
matter of interest. And it is not only valuable because it is one of
the earliest diaries of Pennsylvania life published, but it is moreover
written by one in intimate touch with all that was best and representa-
tive in the life of his times. The Introduction, which presents to us
the principal characters that appear in the book, and summarizes the
situation and the action, and the helpful annotations prepared by Mr.
Myers, are characteristic of the conscientious care evinced in its com-
panion book, " Sally Wister's Journal." The portraits and illustrations
are numerous, and as a piece of bookmaking it is very attractive.

BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA,
CONTAINING GENEALOGICAL RECORDS OF REPRESENTATIVE FAM-
ILIES, INCLUDING MANY OF THE EARLY SETTLERS, AND BlO-

GRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF PROMINENT CITIZENS. By Ellwood
Roberts, Editor. 2 vols, roy. quarto. Illustrated. The Lewis
Publishing Company, New York. 1904.

These interesting and valuable volumes, containing genealogical
records of representative families, including many of the early settlers,
and biographical sketches of prominent citizens of Montgomery County,
will be found to be a useful work of reference. The ability of the
compiler is well known, and he has expended a vast amount of labor
in the arrangement of his material, which has been profusely illustrated.
The publishers have also done their work well — the print is large, the
paper good, and the binding substantial. We believe the public will
heartily welcome this work, and it deserves a place in every library.

A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES AND ITS PEOPLE FROM THEIR

EARLIEST RECORDS TO THE PRESENT TIME. By Elroy McKendree

Avery. Vol. I. Cleveland. The Burrows Brothers Co. 1905.

We have received the first volume, of over 400 pages, of the new

twelve- volume "History of the United States and its People from their

Earliest Records to the Present Time," by Dr. Elroy M. Avery, which

deals with primitive as well as historical America ; the first Americans ;

the Northmen ; the first navigators, with Columbus as the imposing

figure ; and Indian races. This history is the work of many years of

learned research among original sources, and its merits are destined to

meet and satisfy the demands both of the student and general reader.

Readable it certainly is, and there is not a page in the volume that is

256 Notes and Queries.

not worthy of perusal. The profuseness of the illustrations and their
judicious arrangement, the value of the maps, and the artistic and
mechanical perfection of the volume, will be properly recognized.

THOMAS HORD, GENTLEMAN, BORN IN ENGLAND, 1701, DIED IN
VIRGINIA, 1766. By Rev. Arnold Harris Hord. 4to, 32 pages.
Illustrated.

The name of Thomas Hord, who is styled "Gentleman" in the
records, has been selected as the title of this attractive monograph,
which is a supplement to the genealogy of the Hord Family published
several years ago. In addition to the data relating to Thomas Hord,
there are references to his father and children ; to William Taliaferro
Hord, the father of the compiler ; and the wife of the latter, Annie
Robb Firth, who is a descendant of the Lloyd, Carpenter, and Preston
families of Pennsylvania.

THE THUNDERSTORM. By J. N. Khoads, M.D. Philadelphia. 1904.

296 pp. Illustrated.

This story, of no little interest, is especially identified with life among
the Dunkards of Montgomery County, in this State. Some of the char-
acters are taken from life, and in the " Hermit" will be recognized the
noted bibliophile of Harleyville. Among the illustrations are the old
Dunkard Church, at Indian Creek, and the Cannon Ball Farm house,
and a portrait of the author is inserted. Copies of the book may be
obtained of Ferris & Leach, the publishers.

BIBLIOGRAPHY or TIOGA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, 1804-1903. By

Charles Tubbs. Wellsboro, Penna. 1904. 8vo, 20 pp.
The author of this handy bibliography of Tioga County, which county
was founded in March of 1804, states in his prefatory note that each of
the books and pamphlets which he gives was written by a Tioga County
author, or was printed in the county, or pertains, in whole or part, to
some person or thing in Tioga County. The upwards of one hundred
and fifty titles collected are alphabetically arranged by authors.

DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE COLONIAL HISTORY OF THE STATE

OF NEW JERSEY, Vol. XXVII. Edited, with an Introductory

note on the Early Testamentary Laws and Customs of New Jersey,

by William Nelson. 8vo, pp. 662.

It will gratify, genealogists, in particular, to learn that this volume

contains the Calendars of New Jersey Wills 1670 to 1730. The editor's

preface is interesting and the index very full.

The title of Rev. Burton Alva Konkle's new book will be, " The
Life and Speeches of Thomas Williams, 1806-1872. A Founder of
the Whig and Republican Parties."

WILLIAM HAMILTON OF "THE WOODLANDS"

AND HIS NIECE

MRS. ANNA HAMILTON LYLE.

PAINTED BY BENJAMIN WEST.

THE

PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.

VOL. XXIX. 1905. No. 3.

SOME LETTEES FEOM WILLIAM HAMILTON, OF THE
WOODLANDS, TO HIS PRIVATE SECRETARY.

BY BENJAMIN H. SMITH.

(Concluded from page 159.)

LANCASTER October (16) 1789
} past 9 at night

Yesterday (being Negroes Holiday) I took a ride into
Maryland in order to see the canal begun by Mr. Brindly
at Baldfryar Falls & have but just returned greatly fatigued
having rode thirty odd miles on Horseback since dinner.

LANCASTER June 12th 1790

When I wrote you last I was so truly unwell that it was
difficult for me to hold up long enough to make up a letter.
... I have just now roused myself in order to prepare for
removing for the day to Mr. (Jasper) Yeates' as it will not
be possible with any degree of comfort for me to remain at
this House during the fair which begins tomorrow morning.
... If any thing would give me relief it would be to hear
frequently & fully from Home. But this satisfaction is
most cruelly denied me. . . . There is not a day at this
season without the offer of an opportunity. Four people
VOL. xxix. — 17 ( 257 )

258 Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary.

with whom I am acquainted have at different times passed at
Hubley's during this week on their way here. J . . could
tell me of his seeing Ann at the play on Monday and from
others I could hear of her being at Gray's (Gardens) with-
out receiving a letter by either. Common sense would
point out the necessity of my having constant information
respecting the grass grounds at Bush Hill and at the Wood-
lands which must be now nearly in a state for mowing. . . It
would have been an agreeable circumstance to me to have
heard the large sumachs & lombardy poplars as well as the
magnolias have not been neglected. The immense number
of seeds from foreign countries must certainly have pro-
duced (if attended to) many curious plants. The casheros,1
conocarpus Arnott's walking plants &c which I planted out the
day before I left home have I hope been taken care of. I
should however been glad to have heard of their fate as
well as respecting the Gooseberries and Antwerp Rasp-
berries given me by Dr Parke. After the immense pains I
took in removing the exotics to the north front of the House
by way of experiment, & the Hurry of coming away pre-
venting my arranging them, you will naturally suppose me
anxious to know the success as to ye plants and the effect
as to appearance in y* approach & also their security from
cattle. The curious exotic cuttings & those of the Frank-
lined 2 I did not believe it possible for even you to be inatten-
tive to. ... I wished you to be very active on the arrival
of the India ships, in finding out whether any passengers
had seeds &c . . I find Bartram has Cape plants & seeds
but hear not a word of your having got any for me. By
the way, I should be glad if you had given the reason of
Bartrams ill Humour when you called. He certainly had no
cause for displeasure respecting his plants left under my

1 Anacardium occidentale from tropical America.

1 Franklinea Alatamaha from Georgia, discovered by John and Wil-
liam Bartram, and usually referred to the genus Grordonia. It is now
only known in cultivation. A fine specimen may be seen in Fairmount
Park, and another in the Painter Arboretum in Delaware County.

Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary. 259

care during the winter . . . Mr Wikoff promised me some
seeds of a cucumber six feet long.1 . . .

THE WOODLANDS Septt 1790
Tuesday 9 o'clock at night.

I promised to write to you on Sunday evening or Mon-
day but was unable to perform my promise. Having been
so unfortunate in returning from Mr Ross's as to overset
my sulky. As one of the wheels struck a stone 2 feet high
when I was driving at the rate of 7 miles an Hour you will
not wonder that the shock was violent. Although I have to
thank Heaven that I have no broken limb I am very fearful
of having for a long time to complain of a very severe
strain'd ankle. The agony I experienced for the first 20
minutes was so extreme that I had no doubt of the leg
being shattered to pieces. What added to my misery was
that I was quite alone without the possibility of extricating
myself untill the chariot came up which was about a mile
behind. The mare stop'd (after dragging the sulky between
20 & 30 feet) as if she was shot and to this I attribute my
salvation, entangled and helpless as I was. The women as
you will suppose (more especially as it was at night 5 miles
from Home) were horridly alarmed, to lessen which as
much as possible I persisted in being put again into ye sulky
& drove myself home in a situation painful beyond expres-
sion & accomplished it with difficulty. I have been ever
since so ill as to keep my bed & although I am this evening
freer from pain & hope to be up tomorrow I am at this mo-
ment Bolster'd up for the first time in order that I might
write to you.

In my Hurry when you went away I omitted to remind
you respecting the transparent white spermaceti oil which
you may remember I mentioned you was to be purchased
at New York. As it would be a very useful & convenient

1 Trichosanthes anguina or Snake-cucumber, a cucurbitaceous climber
from the East Indies.

260 Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary.

article for our Lamps this winter I desire you will enquire
for it. Mr Eivington will be as likely as any body to inform
you. If I recollect rightly some such name as Mountford
was one of the House who had it to dispose of.

In case you go to Brannan's I beg you to look particu-
larly at his largest Gardenias & Arbutus so as to give an
account of the size as well as the prices of them. I men-
tioned to you the Teucrium or Germander & I now recol-
lect his having what he called a china rose. I have
moreover a shrewd suspicion that Gray's single Arabian
Jasmine came from Brannans although Brannan may not
know it by that name. You will therefore find out what
Jasmines he has & their prices & see whether he has any
aloes, Geraniums, myrtles &c which I have not. Possibly
he may have another plant of the African Heath which Gray l
got from him & other large d'ble myrtles as good as Gray's.
You will also make the same enquiries of Spurry.

Having laid so long in Bed I write by way of amusement
but find myself a good deal tired with the awkward position
I am in & must therefore conclude.

I am very truly your friend &c

"W" HAMILTON

Brannan had a trefoil which he called a cinquefoil. I
know not whether it has yet travelled to Grays. I take it
to be the moon-trefoil? a very pretty shrub.

DOWNING'S TAVERN Octobr 21" 1790
Thursday night.

The evening was so very fine that when I got to the fork
where the road turns off to the Turk, I thought it as well
to come forward to this place where I arrived just before
half past eight o'clock. You will judge of the Goodness of
the Road by the rate of my travelling when you allow for
baiting at the rising Sun where the horses were fed with
oats. It was after three when I left Home. I was so hur-

1 George Gray, the proprietor of Gray 'a Gardens.
1 Medicago arborea of southern Europe.

Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary. 261

ried on coming off that I dont think I was particular enough
in my directions to George respecting the Hot House & G.
House. . . .

LANCASTER Friday Octr 22d 1790

When I left Home yesterday I did not expect to be here
until this evening but starting early & finding the roads
pretty good I made out to arrive at Edward's by J past
three o'clock this afternoon. . . .

LANCASTER May 30th 1791

I am happy in the opportunity of informing you for the
satisfaction of my mother that we arrived here in good time
for tea yesterday without any material occurrence except
the Heat which was truly violent ... I am really anxious
& so is Anne to hear of William Slade . . Dr Parke can
tell you what Dr Jones says of the case . . . Among the
things forgotten is the grate model which lays under the
Quadrille Boxes in the dining parlour. It should be sent
up by the first opportunity . . Mr & Mrs Yeates, Mr & Mrs
Smith made us a formal visit to day, which we shall as for-
mally return tomorrow. Who should I meet at Downings
but Mr Ashley. We supped together & he behaved very
well, indeed with real politeness.

I hope Hilton has planted the double tuberoses.

LANCASTER June 6, 1791

. . The plants sent by Mr. Von Rohr are valuable A I
hope George will particularly attend to them. The palm
is called Cornon from Cayenne & along side of him as
von Rohr says is a young cacao or chocolate plant. The
last particularly is alive I hope. The Hibiscus tiliacens in
y* 2d Box, is the mahoe tree, & the Roots are the pancratium
maritimum. The flower pot contains an anacardium occi-
dentak. As to the cereus cutting I would not have it di-
vided but planted in a heavy pot of such a size as not to be
over-potted & placed in such a situation as to be properly
supported & secured from being blown over by the wind.

262 Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary.

... I am sorry to hear of Doctr Parkes being unwell. I
flatter'd myself he would have paid some attentions to my
request of a visit from him to the Borough, but fear he
will not oblige me . . . So far I have written in answer to
your letter. I will go further according to the time al-
lotted me, which is but short.

The great man here now rides the high Horse. He (with
his wife & Daughter) made us one formal visit the day after
our arrival, which we as formally returned the 2d day
afterwards. Since which we have seen or heard no more
from them, nor do I expect we shall during the time we
are here. By this I take it for granted he is rather out of
temper. Be it so ; I am determined I will not make my-
self uneasy about it, being conscious of having acted with
propriety in the whole Business between us. The formal
conduct of his family has however had no effect on other
folks, for every body else has been very civil to Anne.
She is invited out every day and is very happy. She joins
me in a wish to have Peggy with us. I beg my mother
will assist our endeavours to accomplish it. Mr. Richard
Smith now goes down to attend his sister hither in the
stage. It is said Miss Gibson will come with him. If
Peggy can obtain her mother's approbation to come with
them it will make Anne & me very happy to see her & we
will on our return send Eleanor Home in the stage . . .
Ann joins me in love to all & in best wishes to Wm Slade.
I am yours sincerely

June 11th 1791 LANCASTER

12 at night

It is now late at night & I have but just heard of Gen1.
Hand's1 going off at Daylight in the morning. I have

1 Dr. Edward Hand of Lancaster who served throughout the Revo-
lutionary war, attaining the rank of Major General. He was a member
of the Pennsylvania Assembly of 1785, and of the State Constitutional
Convention of 1790.

Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary. 263

therefore no time for more than to inform you Peggy
Hamilton's safe arrival here almost four o'clock this after-
noon so little fatigued as to take an airing in the carriage
with Ann & me as soon as she had got her dinner. Dr
Parke's & your account of poor Slade has given me great
uneasiness. . . .

June 13th 1791 LANCASTER

I meant to have written you a long letter & the Girls
also meant to write, but from the hurry as well as con-
fusion attendant on a tavern find it impossible, for even my
own Room is not secure from Intruders. We have all
been at Mr Hubley's the whole day & but this moment (12
at night) got Home. I expect an opportunity by a private
hand tomorrow or next day which I shall not fail to make
use of in being more particular. At present suffice it to
say that we are all well & have had a great deal of fun
at the fair which has been one of ye fullest that has been
for many years. . . .

LANCASTER August 3d 1792

. . . The Idea I gave you that I was far from sanguine
in my expectations as to the success of my Journey hither
was by no means ill founded. I am sorry to say it is more
& more confirmed every day. Although this County from
its first settlement has never known such a glorious Har-
vest it being literally true that no mans Barn is sufficient to
contain his crops & although this Borough has in the fullest
degree shared in this abundance, yet there is an universal
complaint of want of money & the town itself is less lively
than I have ever known it. I am henceforward determined
to make May the appointed time for my attendance here,
being convinced it is the best on every account ... I
have so much leisure as to think of passing tomorrow &
the day after at the Susquehannah ... I would have you
without hesitation go directly to Jn° Lithen & endeavour to
secure the pike's tooth aloe at anything short of 4 dollars.
That aloe which he got (like mine from von Rohr) I should
like to prevent the kind from spreading. I have subjoined

264 Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary.

a list of what I wish to have priced ... I hope when the
valley hay was stacked there were layers of salt between
those of hay. . . .

LANCASTER 13th August 1792

It is a disappointment to me to find that you did not
properly secure von Rohrs agave at Gray's. I wish'd to
prevent its getting into other hands. The same motive
makes me desirous to have the Arbutus & the Rose apple 1
which however are priced so high that I do not imagine
they will find a ready sale before my return . . Mrs.
Martin makes her first appearance on the stage this even-
ing. Curiosity without any expectation of amusem*
alone carries me there. Nothing but to see her would in-
duce me to go, for it is the merest bear garden that I ever
put foot into. . . .

6 o'clock Wednesday morning
CHESTER 7th November 1792

Although my eyes are almost out with writing last night
& its hardly yet light enough to use them were they ever so
strong, I find myself under the necessity of resuming the
pen. . . . "When you go to Rutters mention that there are
near a dozen old pictures (portraits) the canvass of which is
as good as new. They are all on good stretching frames &
would be excellent (by covering them with a coat of white
lead) for painting on. Possibly he may not know it but it
is a well known fact in England that to a painter old paint-
ings, provided the canvas is in tolerable order, are as precious
for painting on as an old madeira cask is to a wine connois-
seur. They will be in our way when the Lumber R. comes
to be cleaned out on my return. . . .

LANCASTER Septr 29th 1794

. . . The passing thro of the militia & the military prepa-
rations of the people themselves in this town has put an end
to every kind of Business. . . The last 100 dollars I had I

1 Eugenia Jambos from the East Indies, noted for the beauty of its
foliage, flowers and fruit.

Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary. 265

gave to Rosa Robesons' son whom I met accidentally in the
street in Macpherson's uniform . . . This House has been
constantly crowded to such a degree that I have not been
able to keep my own chamber free from continual interrup-
tion. The last of the Philadelphians went off today & the
Lancaster militia go off tomorrow, after which I shall Hope
to do some Business, but have my fears that not much can
be done as the town will I expect be so compleatly thinned
as to leave nobody to do business with.

I truly rejoice to hear that one of the Bills that I sent on
account of the Boys . . . has been paid ... I cannot doubt
their coming in some of y* Fall ships. From the very alarm-
ing accounts received here of the return of y* yellow fever I
conceive it will be necessary to adopt some mode of getting
the Boys in case of their arrival to land at Chester & come
forward by land to the Woodld8. If they are not warned of
the danger they may come directly to y* wharf with the
vessel. If accounts are not much exaggerated this Day has
been an horrid one to spread the disorder. God grant a
change to stop its progress.

THE WOODLM 17th March 1802

Your letter from Lancaster was not rec'd until some days
after its date when I was so unwell as to be unable to put
pen to paper. . . . Early in the winter I discovered acci-
dentally that the plynths (or supprts) of the portico columns
were rotten as punk & that the whole of them as well as the
roof hung in jeopardy. The securing of them by under-
pinning with stone which was immediately necessary was
attended with an immensity of trouble & no small degree of
expense. This you will readily believe when you are told
that the columns & Roof were obliged to be raised & sup-
ported during the operation by screws of an immense force.
This was hardly ended when an accident happen 'd equally
unlocked for & was nearly attended with most serious con-
sequences. The ceiling of my dining parlour (in conse-
quence of the rascality of ... in laying the plaister to the

266 Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary.

thickness of from 4 to 5 Inches) came down at once (with-
out the smallest previous notice) with such force as to crush
all in its way & shake the House like an aspen leaf & with
such a noise that the family at Weeds came out of the ferry
House to know what cannon had fired so near them. As
the whole cornice had to come down, the repairs have been
attended with great inconvenience & cost. Had these how-
ever been ten times greater I ought not to repine, when I
recollect my mothers & my own providential escape, for had
the ceiling fallen ten minutes later & it would have crushed
both of us to atoms as it did the furniture. We were just
going down to breakfast as we felt the shock. While the
ceiling was repairing the House itself had like to have been
destroyed by fire which had got to a considerable head &
burnt thro the roof without being observed. Had the dis-
covery been delay 'd a few minutes all efforts would have
been in vain to save it, nor indeed would it have been at
this moment in existence but for the unparelell'd exertions
of my faithful George at the imminent risque of his life.
During the short days for five or six weeks together twelve
or 14 people have been constantly employed in repairing the
injuries sustained by the accidents. So many different
troubles & others which I have not named preying on my
mind have, I have no doubt, been the real cause of my gout
which indeed was hastened by a violent strain of my right
instep. Such a winter I have never before experienced in
my life. God grant I may never have such another to
encounter.

Your friend & serv*

W. HAMILTON

THE WOODL^ Feby 21, 1804

. . . An express arrived to me this morning from Lan-
caster with an address from the inhabitants, requesting of
me to offer ground for the accommodation of the legislature
in case of their fixing their permanent residence there, to
which I have assented & the messenger has returned. It

Letters from William Hamilton to his Private Secretary. 267

seems the Business is to be taken up on Thursday next,
having been brought forward in another form & that it will
be then finally fixed — As a temptation the grand Jury at the
court last week has offer'd 25,000 dollars towards defraying
the expence of the publick Buildings. I am really sorry to
find you will not be there.

LANCASTER August 16th 1804

... It may be a matter of surprise to you to be informed
of my nephew Andrew Hamilton's marriage in England to
an Heiress of 5 or 6,000 pr year. As the consequence will
be that I shall never see him again, I am at a loss to know
whether to be pleased or displeased. The world would
laugh at me WQTQ I to say I was not pleased with such a
match in point of fortune. But there are many circum-
stances to make me think he might have been as happily
situated here & he certainly was more entitled to my regard
than any of the family.

268 The Log of Dr. Joseph Hinchman, 1757.

THE LOG OF DK. JOSEPH HINCHMAN, SUEGEON
OF THE PEIVATEEE BEIG PEINCE GEOKGE, 1757.

BY WILLIAM M. MERVINE.

[The writer of this log or journal, Doctor Joseph Hinchman, was a
resident of Jamaica, Long Island, son of Joseph Hinchman of the same
place ; he married Anna Griffin and was the father of Doctor Joseph
Hinchman of Newtown (now Elmira), Chemung county, New York.
The original log is in the possession of a descendant of Mrs. Charles E.
Noble of Morristown, New Jersey.

The Prince George sailed from New York about July 1, 1757, l to
cruise against the French ; she was wrecked off the northern coast of
Hayti, August 18, 1757. Unfortunately the first and last pages of the
journal are missing.]

Plate Wrack

N. Lot. 20° 10 $ W. Lon. 68.15.
1757

Aug. 19. Fryday Evening. But at length we found her

between the fore mast and
main mast and after About
an hours fateigue with her,
and with a Vast Deal of
Dificulty we Got her on the
main top Gallant Yard and
bailed her Dry with two
half furkings which we had
saved, and the mean time

1 " June 27, 1757. Privateers some of which are ready, and others
preparing to sail on a Cruize against his Majesty's Enemies, to wit —
Ship King of Prussia, 13 Six Pounders, 13 Swivels, 150 Men, Thomas
Seymour, Commander. Brig Prince George, 12 Six Pounders, 14
Swivels, 100 Men. William Murray, Commander."

"July 4, 1757. Since our last the following Privateers left the
Harbour to proceed on a Cruize, viz. The ship King of Prussia, Capt.
Seymour, brig Prince George, Murray." — New York Gazette or Weekly
Post Boy.

The Log of Dr. Joseph Hinchman, 1757. 269

we Saved four Oars and the
boat hook and got them in
the Yawl And being Now
Dry twenty five of Us Got
Into her And After Gitting
a few fathum of Roap from
the Wrack we left her about
One a'Clock in the morn-
ing with between 20 and
thirty A live on the Masts.
When we first Struck the
Captain Ordered the Dorrey
Out to try what water we
had to Leward and two of
our people Seeing our Con-
dition Stept into her and
put of to Sea and ware
taken Up two or three Days
after by a N: York Pri-
vateer l

On board the yawl.
1757

Aug* W. Satureday

Morning. Being out of the Cryes of the De-

1 " October 3, 1757. Thursday last arrived here from Port Morant, in
the Island of Jamaica, Capt. Richards in a Brig, and informs : — That on
the 3d Day there came into Port Morant Harbour, in the Evening, a
Brig from Philadelphia, Capt. Miller, who spoke with the following
Privateers off the West Caucases, viz. the Capts. Seymour, Dobbs Ac ;
and further declared Capt. Seymour told him, that he had taken up a
Canoe at Sea with a Man in it who had belong* d to the Privateer Brig
Prince George, Capt. William Murray, of and from this Harbour, the
said Brig having run on a Shoal calPd Plait-Rack, in the Night, going
then about 7 or 8 Knots, when she soon went to Pieces ; and the Man
did not know there was any one saved besides himself; Capt. Miller
himself spoke with the Man who was taken up." — New York Gazette or
Weekly Post Boy, October 5, 1757.

270 I he Log of Dr. Joseph Hinchman, 1757.

stresed our Cheaf thoughts was for
Some thing to make a Sail of, for
being two thirds of Us Naked we
had Scarce Any thing to make a Sail
off but After Some time we Got two
frocks and a Pare of trawses And
the boatswain Converted them Into
a Sail And As soon as It was Day
light we Got one of our Oars and
the boat hook and made a mast And
Yard of them and fixt our Sail to
them And so Run Down before the
wind In hopes of falling In with
turks Islands And haveing No Sea
Instruments we mist the Islands.
The Brease Continuing fresh And
the Seas Runing high we kept two
hands Continual Bailing the Yawl
And two at the Oars for One of the
Oars we whare Oblidged to Steer
with the Rudder being lost
1757

Aug* 21. Sunday. The Brease Continued fresh And the
Seas Runing Vastly high And the
weather Squally we Exspected Every
hour when She would fill and Sink
And Our people low Spireted for
haveing nothing to Eate Nor to
Drink Since we left the wrack we
whare All Very faint many of our
people ware forsed to Drink theire
own Urin to Squench their thirst
Night coming on And the Seas Run-
ing higher And higher and many of
our people Growing Delirious was
for Gumping Over board to Goe
home to Get Drink So that we whare

The Log of Dr. Joseph Hinchman, 1757.

271

1757

Aug1 %%. Munday.

Afraid they woul Over Set the Yawl
So that we Could See nothing but
Destruction before Us, And the Sea
Breaking Continually into Us, that
all our hopes of being Saved was
over

This morning at Day light made the
Island of Turtugus1 on the North
Side of high Spaniola2 which put
fresh Spirets in Us And the thoughts
of Gitting a Shore to Gitt Something
to Eate And Drink made Us Use our
Utmost Endeavours to Gitt in Close
to the land, which by Double Bank-
ing Our Oars And the help of our
Sail we Got in at the west End of
the Island, And Unbent our Sail
And Bowed Up to Windward
Abought half a League And Got In
a Small Sandy bay And went on
Shore Abought three AClock in the
Afternoon And Drawed Our Yawl
Upon the Beach And then went In
pursute of Gitting Something to
Eate and to Drink Some One way
And Some Another but all to no
purpose for

Island Tortugas

9. Munday for we Could find nothing but wild

Afternoon. Grapes And the more we Eate of
them The Hungerry and Dryer we
Grew, and Night Coming we Be-
turn'd One After a nother to Our
Yawl And turned her Bottom Up-

1 Tortuga Island, off the northeast coast of Hayti.

1 Hispaniola, now Hayti.

272 The Log of Dr. Joseph Hinchman, 1757.

wards to Sleep Under, but some
of Our men Stayed So long away
that we thought they whare Dead or
lost in the woods but between Eight
and Nine A Clock we all Got
together Again and Lay'd Our
Selves Down to Rest Some Under
the Yawl And Some Under the
Bushes And Some Under the Sides
of the Rocks Where we lay till a
bought three a Clock in the morn-
ing Then Consulting what we had
best Doe ; we thought It most Ad-
visable As we whare All most Per-
ished with hunger and thirst to Row
Over to Hispaniola and Delever our
Selves Up to the mercy of the french.
1757

83. Tuesday A bought three A Clock Up Set our
Morning. Yawl And Got all on board and
Rowed Over to hispaniola, which lay
About three Leagues from Us And
got over A bought half a League to
Leward of Port Apea1 By Day
Breake but the Negroes, which kept
gard, would not suffer Us to Come
on Shore but threatened to Shoot
Us If we got Out of our Yawl, but
About Sun Rise A Small Dorry
Came Down from the town to Draw
the Sain which had the Capt: of the
ports Son In, and a Molatter And
three or four Negres And they let
Us Come On Shore but we Could
Git nothing to Drink there So we
took the Capt: of the ports Son, on

^ort-de-Paiz.

The Log of Dr. Joseph Hinchman, 1757. 273

board of Us and So Rowed Up to
the port, And whare hailled from
the fort And Ordered to Come on
Shore, which we Did Close Under
the fort About Eight a Clock l

Port Apae Hispanola
1757

Awf 23. Tuesday And whare Conducted By An Officer

Morning. And a Gard of Soldiers Into the fort

And there Exammon'd by the Como-

dant who Ordered Us to be kept In

* the fort Under a Gard and Gave

l"New York, October 31, 1757. Capt. Dennier informs us, That
on the 29th of September, Capt. Seymour spoke with a Dutch Schooner,
bound to St. Eustatia, from Porto-Paux, on Hispaniola, the Master
whereof acquainted him, That Capt. William Murray, of the Privateer
Brig Prince George, of this Port, with several of his Officers and Men,
in the whole 24, arrived there in their Barge some Time before, having
lost their Vessel in the Night of the 18th of August, on the Plate-
Wreck (the Particulars of which were inserted in our last) ; that it was
rery sickly at the West End of Hispaniola ; and that many of their
Merchantmen were detained in Port, for want of Seamen ; that his
Majesty's Ships the Edinburgh, Dreadnought, and Augusta, appeared so
often on the Coast of Hispaniola, that the Inhabitants were apprehen-
sive they intended a Descent on the Island, for which Reason an Em-
bargo had been laid on all Shipping for three Months ; but that a large
Fleet was soon to sail for Old France.

"P. S. Captain Murray was cast away about 6 Weeks ago, on the
Plate- Wreck ; he, with his Officers, and 18 Men were saved in the
Barge, and got into Port-Paux ; two escaped in the Dory, one of which
is on board Captain Seymour." — The Pennsylvania Gazette, November
5, 1757.

"October 31, 1757. We hear that Capt. Murray, of the Privateer
Brig Prince George, of this Port, who was said to be lost on Plait-
Wreck, and all perished save one Man taken up by Capt. Seymour, is
safe at one of the Islands in the West-Indies, he having, together with
several of his Officers, and near 20 of his Men, at the Time the Vessel
struck, took to her Long-Boat, and thereby happily saved themselves."
— New York Gazette or Weekly Post Boy, October SI, 1757.
VOL. XXIX. — 18

274

The Log of Dr. Joseph Hinchman, 1757.

1757
Aug1

24,.

orders to One Marttang to Send Us
Some Victuals to Eate and Some
wine and Rum And Sugar by which
we was Vastly Refreshed And
Strengthened but many of our men
Vastly Sore for theire Backs And
Sholders being Burnt to a Crust with
the Sun they looked like a peace of
Roasted Beef And whare not Able
to take Any Rest, Only As they lay
on their hands And knees for above
a week In the After noon Came the
Comadant and Some Other Gentle-
men And took An Account of all
the Officers and mens names.

Tuesday After Super the Comodant Sent In
Evening a hamock for the Cap* to Sleep In
an an Ox hide for the Officers to
Sleep on So A bought ten A Clock
we laid our Selves Down to Sleep
And Rested Very well Consedering
our hard Ships before.

Wednesday After Brakefast Came In Some Gentle-
Morning men to See Us and Captain Overn who
Could talke English told Us that we were
to be Sent Up to Cape franc way to be
put -on board of the flag of truce And
That One half of Us was to Goe on board
of his Ship And the Other half to Goe On
board of Capt Maynard boath then laying
In the harber Ready to Sail, Only waiting
for a frigett which they Exspected Every
hour to Convoy them Up to the Cape
And as Soon As She Came we ware to
Goe on board.

The Log of Dr. Joseph Hinchman, 1767. 275

1757

Aug. 25. Thursday A bought three AClock the friggett
Morning. Came a Brest of the and made A
Signal for the two Ships and About
Four A Clock Capt Mynard Sent his
Second mate mr Guttrou with An
Order for thirteen of Us whose
Names ware As following :
Isaac Doughty : Sed Leutenant
Luke Troy, Master, Job Hinchman
Syrgeon,

Stephen Williams : Gunnders mate,
Willm Wallis Gunners Uman, Henry
Marsh,

Thos. Lawrence, Gilbert Stringham,
James Van Gelder, Wilm Hannah,
Bichard Adams, Henery Besset,
John Parshan And Caried us on
board of the Ship, Capt: Overn took
the Rest on board of his Ship.
Wilm Murry Capt, Morley Harison
first Lutenant,
Wilm Quick Gunner,
Wilm Cox, Boatswain, Half Cook
Boats" Mate, James Hinchman Doct"
mate, John Paris Carpentr James
Smith, James Blanford, two Boys
And

Port Apea on board Capt: Mynard

Aitg* $5 Thursday Abought 5 Clock we Wheighed our
Morning. Ancours And went to Sea, And
About Nine A Clock we Saw a Ship
to windward which we took to be an
English man of War So we all put
Back and Came to An Ancour Again
In Port Apea with the frigett About
half an hour After ten a Clock And

276 The Log of Dr. Joseph Hinchman, 1757.

About twelve a Clock the Ship which
we See was Chaist In hear by three
of Our English men of war the Eden-
borough The Augusta And Dreadnot
who Saluted the town with Several
Guns As they Run Down the Ship
which they Chaised In was a frigget
of thirty Six Guns Called the Savage
the frigget which Convoy'd Us Out
was Called the Unicorn a thirty
Gun Ship So we Continued in the
harber near three weeks In which
time Six of our men were put on
board of the Savage and
1757

Augi 26. Thursday. And the Capt: of the Savage Or-
dered Capt. Mynard not to let us
talk with the Rest of our people
which ware on Board of Cap Overn
the Doctor of the port Came of to
See me And Gave me a Jackett
And Breechs two Shirts two pare
of Stockerers and a Cap And ye
Cheaf Mate Mr Lhue give me a
handkercheif which was all I Re-
ceiv'd from them After about A
Week Capt. Mynard got
for us to Goe on Shore
goe on board of Capt
the Rest of y* Offic
to Come on Board
which we took

a few days (Page torn off.)

And Doctr
and took C
And Mysel
Spent the

The Log of Dr. Joseph Hinchman, 1757. 277

1757

Sepr 13, Tuesday Weighed Our Ancours And went Out
Morning with the land Brease Under Convoy of
the two frigets Up to the Cape Capt
Ovourn Gave Up Going to the Cape
And Sent the Presiners Ashore to be
marched Up by land to the Cape

15 Thursday About ten a Clock the poylet Came Un
Morning board of Us And Brought Us Safe Into the

Cape where we Came to An Ancour A bout
Eleven a Clock there were In the harbour
four men of war, a friget And About forty
• Sail of french and Dutch merchantmen And
two English flags of truce from Jamaica
Capt: Cunningham & Captains Kemsey
Commanders.

16 Fryday about two a Clock we ware Sent on Shore
Afternoon to the prison whare we had Nothing to

Eate till the next Day Capt Doughty,
Capt: Troy and myself had Each of Us a
hamock But the Rest had Nothing.
1757

Sep? 18 Sunday A bought two a Clock Capt. Murrey
Afternoon And the Rest of our people was
Brought Into the Gole to Us. the
Capt: had liberty to Dine & Sup with
the Jailer but the Rest of Us was
kept on Bullocks Heads and Beans
And Casander Bread, "We ware all
Locked Up at Night And a Gard kep
Round the prison.

19 Munday A bught Eleven a Clock Capt: Tull from

Morning. Maryland and Capt: Parren from Pascataway

was brought to Gole with there people who

278 The Log of Dr. Joseph Hinchman, 1757.

had the Misfortune of being taken by a
French Letter of Mark Ship but She had
not the Good loock to bring them In for
they was Retaken by Some of our North-
ward Privateers And being Chast her Self
And Night Coming on She Ran on a Reef
of Rocks and was lost abought three leagues
to windward of the Cape but the people all
ware Saved.

1757

Ocf 81 Fryday Abought fore a Clock Monsieur Ker-
Morning sin Sailed from the Cape with four
Ships of the line and three frigetts In
order to Drive Commodore forrest of
off the cost So that the french fleet
Might Come Out the Commodore had
but three Shipes The Augusta, the
Edenborrough And Dreadnought and
abught fore a Clock In the Afternoon
the Engagement began and Continued
till Darke and the french being Much
Dammaged Was Oblidged to Return
Back to the Cape to Refit there Ships.

88 Satureday Monsieur Kersin Came in with his Seven
forenoon Shipes his four Shipes of the line Receiv'd
a Vast Deal of Damage one of them had
her Main And fore mast Shot A Way the
G-reenage had the head of Missen Shot a
way and Eleven Shot Between wind and
water and about nine foot water In her
hold and they had about five hundred men
Killed and wounded.

1757

QcV $4th Munday Monsieur Kersin Imploy'd all the Car-
penters And Sea Men that he Could

The Log of Dr. Joseph Hinchman, 1757. 279

Gitt In the Cape to Kefit his Shipes
and In a bout three weekes he Got
them all Ready for the Sea Again

Novr 10th Thursday. Capt: Merry and Capt: Coffin were
brought in to Gole and Capt: Coffins
People Belonged to Nantucket,1 and
Merry of New London, they was
Brought In by a french Letter of
Marke Ship which Came from Can-
nady.

11th Fryday Monsieur Kersin with his fore Shipes of the
Morning • line and the three fregitts Sailed from the
Cape with abought forty Sail of Merchant-
men Under there Convoy

12th Satureday Capt: Cunningham & Capt: Kemsey with
Morning the Jailor Came In and took a list of the
prisoners they whare to Carry Down to
Jamaica
1757

Novr 15 y Tuesday Abought four a Clock we all Em-
barked on board the two flags of truses
Capt* Cunningham and Kemsey, Ex-
cept Capt: Murry the Gunner And
boatswain who Got leve of the Gov-
enner to Go to windward with a Dean
which was there wose Name was Capt:
Burchell.

Wednesday We sailed from the Cape and Got Down
Morning, to Port Royal In Six Days.

1 " August 1, 1757. Custom House, Philadelphia, Inward Entries.
Morton from Boston. Coffin from Nantucket. "—New York Gazette, etc.,
Augutt 1, 1757.

280 The Log of Dr. Joseph Hinchman, 1757.

£lei Monday Abought four a Clock we Came to An An-
Afternoon cour in Port Royal Under the Admirals Starn
which was the Molbor0 a Shipe of Ninety
Guns She Sent her boat to Us for the Capt:
And left an officer on board of Us till Capt:
Cunninghm came Back from Admiral Coats l
with orders to Send Us All on board of the
Molborough, the man of wars men was all
sent on board first then the Rest of Us was
carryed on board before the Capt: And Offi-
cers on the Quarter Deck and ware Dis-
charged

Port Royal, Jamaica, on board flag y* fragat

1757

Novr 2$ Tuesday About Seven a Clock we all Left the
Morning, flag of Truce And went Up to Kings-
ton in a Werry and there met with
Capt: Doughty and Capt: troy who
Came Down with Capt Kemsey from
the Cape In the Afternoon I met with
Capt: Joseph Smith and Capt Thos
Stevenson2 who Gave me An Envi-
tation to Goe home to New York
with them and being well Acquainted
with Cap* Stevenson I beged the
favour of a Passage for my Brother
James with him And Concluded to
Goe with Capt: Smith my Self

1 " December 12, 1757. We hear Admiral Coats in the West-Indies,
has sunk the Warwick Man of War, lately taken from the English ; and
that he was yery near taking the French Admiral in those Seas." — New
York Gazette, etc., December 12, 1757.

3 " August 1, 1757. Custom House, New York, Outward Entries.
Sloop Margaret and Mary, Thomas Stephenson, for Spanish-Town."

"August 29, 1757. Cleared for Departure. Sloop Margaret and
Mary, Thomas Stevenson." — New York Gazette, etc.

The Log of Dr. Joseph Hinehman, 1757.

281

Thursday
Morning

1757

Nov* 95th

Went in company with Capt: Doughty
Down to port Koyal to See Capt: Stevenson
and whare all Invited on board of Capt:
Patton to Dinner After Dinner we went on
Shore and In the Evening we went Up to
Kingston Again.

* Saturd
Afierno Penn

(This portion of page gone.)

S0th Fryday Came Into Por

Afternoon of war the Augusta of

And brought In with him

of french Prises, and all from

Port Aprince bound to Old france

Laden with Sugars Cotton Coffee and Indigoe

282 Early Years of the University Barge Club of Philadelphia.

THE BAELY YEARS OF THE UNIVERSITY BARGE
CLUB OF PHILADELPHIA.

BY THE LATE JOHN B. THAYER.

[This paper was prepared for and read at the semi-centennial of the
University Barge Club, that was celebrated by a garden-party at The
Lilacs in June of 1904. The club was organized April 25, 1854.]

Boating upon the Schuylkill River has a history which
dates back to the establishment of the Fairmount "Water
Works or to the construction of the dam by the Schuylkill
Navigation Company. The river became by this means,
in reality, a lake as far up as the Falls. Tradition says
that in those days a number of Philadelphia gentlemen,
among whom was Mr. Thomas Willing, maintained several
pleasure barges upon the river for their amusement, row-
ing eight oars and even more. In the possession of the
Undine Barge Club, at their up-river house, there is a
spirited water-color picture purchased at the sale of the
effects of Captain McMackin, a celebrated Delaware River
steamboat captain of seventy years ago.

The artist has drawn the river from a position on the
western shore of the stream, opposite the point known as
Turtle Rock. At this point, and extending to the Eastern
shore, covering the river is represented a large flotilla ot
row-boats and barges, evidently the celebration of a boat
race or regatta. These boats are some of them represented
as having five oars upon a side. The picture is well worth
the examination of any one interested in the early history
of boating. Tradition further says that these early con-
tests were accompanied by heavy betting, and that, in con-
sequence of this, professionalism, that bane of all true
sport, crept in ; and that the amateur crews were reinforced
or superseded by the hiring of the shad-boat fishermen of
" Fish Town" on the Delaware River, now known as Ken-

Early Years of the University Barge Club of Philadelphia. 283

sington. The sport fell into disrepute, and had disappeared
from the river long prior to the writer's personal knowl-
edge of the subject, which dates back from the year 1854.

A few remarks may here be pertinent as to the appear-
ance of the river at this period. The park legislation had
not been enacted, but several public-spirited citizens, who
foresaw the advantages to the city and its inhabitants in
the establishment of a public park, purchased and con-
veyed to the city the Sedgely estate, known as Lemon Hill.
All the rest of the present park was then in private owner-
ship. There was no road of any kind along the east shore
up to the Falls; and on the west shore only a short por-
tion above the Columbia bridge of the west shore drive,
then a common country road. There were numerous ice-
houses on both banks up to the Columbia bridge. The
tow-path of the Schuylkill Navigation Company formed a
pleasant walk for pedestrians who might desire to stroll
along the river's bank and view its beauties. On the eastern
bank large trees grew along the water's edge up to Laurel
Hill. South Laurel Hill was still in possession of the Pepper
family. On the west shore there was much beautiful foliage
up to the Falls.

The Sedgely estate, or a portion of it, had previously
been called Pratt's Garden ; and at one time, long prior to
the period above mentioned, in anticipation of traffic to be
derived from the coal and other merchandise carried by
the canal, a wharf had been constructed along the eastern
river front, where the boat-houses now stand. This had
fallen into decay, but there still remained lines of pilings
from a short distance below Turtle Rock down to a short
canal which led from the river eastward to Morris and
Tasker's foundry and rolling-mill, which lay south of the
Sedgely estate, grounds and land. In the shelter of this
canal an old Englishman, who is said to have been a sailor,
and was known by no other name than that of Charlie,
kept about a score of row-boats of various sizes, mostly
batteaux, which hi the summer time he hired to persons

284 Early Years of the University Barge Club of Philadelphia.

seeking the pleasure of a row upon the river. On the south
bank of this short canal he had a boat-house in which he
stored his boats during the winter. He also owned a single
sail-boat of moderate dimensions, of which I shall have
something to say as I progress in my narrative.

The foundation of the University Barge Club in 1854,
may be considered as the earliest dawn of organized athletics
in the University of Pennsylvania. Prior to that time,
amusements after hours of recitation were, for the students,
very few. Tom Barrett had a gymnasium in the upper floors
of a building on Market Street, above Eighth. He was an
Englishman of fine athletic proportions, tall, handsome in
feature and, above all, had exceptionally good manners.
He was a famous wing-shot, and was an authority with the
sportsmen of that day on all subjects connected with sport.
He taught sparring to those who were pugilistically in-
clined, and had in his employment a Frenchman well
skilled in fencing, broad-sword exercise, and single-stick.
His gymnasium was well supplied with all the parapher-
nalia of such an institution known at that time. To this
place many of the students resorted at the end of the
third hour, which meant the end of the session of that day.
Some of the students who were not athletically inclined
sought other means of recreation in Baldy Sours' Tavern
opposite to the University buildings, then, as you must
remember, in Ninth Street where the Post-office now
stands. Others sought the seclusion of the rooms of their
secret societies, and still others frequented the billiard-
parlors of Jimmie Hughes in Sansom Street, above Sixth.
I think it was in the spring of 1854, when the heat made
the violent exercise and the confined quarters of the gym-
nasium unendurable, various parties of students sought to
get that exercise and fresh air for which they craved by
going to Fairmount by omnibus, landing at the wire
bridge, walking through the Fairmount water-works
grounds, and making their way to old Charlie's boat-house.
There each party sought a boat of such size as would ac-

Early Years of the University Barge Club of Philadelphia. 285

commodate them, and set off together for an afternoon's
row upon the river. The movement grew in popularity
and often took the form on Saturday of a picnic, in which
the whole day would be spent on the river, and landings
made at suitable points by the several parties where they
might enjoy their luncheon. The mouth of the Wissa-
hickon Creek and Peter's Island were favorite points for
these simple alfresco entertainments.

The Bachelors' Barge Club, which precedes us about a
year in its foundation, and was comprised of gentlemen,
almost all of them well known to the students, but much
older in point of years, had rather outgrown in numbers
the accommodations which a four-oared barge, called the
" Hesperus," 'furnished them. They also had in contem-
plation the building of a boat-house and a new boat. The
"Hesperus" had been housed at Charlie's boat-house. They
offered it for sale to us for a hundred dollars. The Uni-
versity Barge Club was founded and the boat purchased.
It soon proved too small to accommodate the growing desire
for membership in the club, which membership, however,
was most exclusive. No member could be elected without
a unanimous vote, that is to say, one adverse vote exclud-
ing; the blackball system of election being in evidence
from the very beginning of the club's existence. At the
formation of the University Barge Club in 1854, the mem-
bership was restricted to the undergraduates of the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania. There was, however, a party of
young men who were not members of the University, but
connected by ties of friendship with certain students, who
formed another club, and purchased a boat or barge called
the "Naiad." They maintained their organization for a
year or two, first at a boat-house as far up the river as the
Columbia bridge, and afterwards occupied for a short time
part of the University Club's house on the Sedgely estate.
Of these I remember Hamilton Kuhn, Cooper Smith,
Joseph Harris, George Redman and his brother Robert
and Beyton Smith, Washington White, Irwin Whitehead,

286 Early Years of the University Barge Club of Philadelphia.

and others. "With the modification of the rules of the
University Barge Club admitting a certain number of non-
collegians to membership, these men were subsequently
elected and became members of the University Barge Club.

The first summer, or for such part of it as remained
after the purchase of the " Hesperus," the boat was housed
at Charlie's. By the next year preparations were made for
the construction of a boat-house upon the Sedgely estate
property belonging to the city. The site selected was
about a hundred yards south of our present location. The
lessee of the Sedgely estate from the city was William H.
Kern, afterwards sheriff of the city of Philadelphia. Mr.
Kern had an ice-house on the river bank not far distant,
but what other control he had of the houses on Lemon
Hill I am not certain. His interest in the land was only
that of a tenant for years and liable to be terminated at
the expiration of his lease from the city. Still, with the
hopefulness of youth, we consented to pay him thirty dol-
lars a year ground rent, and in connection with the Phila-
delphia Barge Club, an association of gentlemen of the
same type as those who comprised our own club, and with
whom we still maintain very cordial relations, we proceeded
to erect a one-story brick building, covered with a plain
board roof and divided into two compartments, the south-
ernmost part or half of the house being occupied by the
University Barge Club, and the other by the Philadelphia.
The cost of this house and slip, I think, was six hundred
dollars.

The chief obstacle to the proper enjoyment of this boat-
house, which we occupied for many years, was the ex-
istence of two rows of piling about fifty feet from the shore,
and extending along the shore of the river a distance of
one hundred feet. These piles were the remains of the
old wharf of which I have spoken. With the construction
of the house three or four of these piles which lay in the
path of the boat when she was taken out were sawed off at
a depth of three or four feet under water. This, however,

Early Years of the University Barge Club of Philadelphia. 287

was but a very temporary relief, for I recall the intense
anxiety of the coxswain who undertook to guide his boat
to and from the slip in the darkness of the night for fear
he should strike these hidden obstructions and ruin his
boat. I also recall with what deliberation the coxswain, in
coming down the river after a visit to the Falls, when he
passed Turtle Rock, kept his course well out in the river,
slowing down the stroke, until he came nearly abreast of
the boat-house. The order was then "Way enough!"
"Stern all!" until the boat was brought to a dead stop.
Then, " Port oars ! hold water !" " Give way starboard !"
the boat being turned in a short curve and headed directly
for the slip. A few strokes gave her way enough to
reach the slip, and the bow oar and coxswain had hard
work to bring the boat parallel with the slip. Nor were
the obstacles of concealed piles the only perils to be en-
countered, for the necessity of keeping out in the stream to
avoid them made it quite possible, if a strong spring cur-
rent was running in the river from a freshet, to make the
chance of being carried down upon the dam breast one to
be feared.

When the club was first formed much attention was
given to the matter of discipline, and part of every day's
excursion was given to drilling the men in tossing and
stowing the oars ; the use and handling of the boat>hooks
and lines, in landing and in pushing away in setting out
from the slip. Every man was required to be in full uni-
form, and this uniform, or the one first adopted, would
bring a smile to the face of any one of you had you seen it
in all its grotesqueness and absurdity. It was a complete
sailor's costume, a white shirt cut very low in the neck
with a very wide turned-down collar, pantaloons of white
duck, tight in the seat and wide in the ankles, a broad
leather belt having in large metal letters " U. B. C.," a
stiff-brimmed straw hat, with a wide ribbon with long ends
also bearing the initials " U. B. C." This, with the regu-
lation pea-jacket with brass buttons, was, by rules strenu-

288 Early Years of the University Barge Club of Philadelphia.

ously enforced, obliged to be worn whenever we entered a
boat. These suits were purchased at Jacob Reed's, who
then had a sailors' clothing store on Second Street. By
these same rules, certain evenings in the week were set
apart for compulsory attendance at the boat-house so that
a crew might always be assured. These were called " club
nights." An executive or monthly committee was elected
from time to time, upon whom the duties devolved of pro-
viding what might be necessary for the proper maintenance
of the house and the general care of the boats and their ap-
pliances, and to show to what a venerable age we have now
arrived I recall the fact that Mr. Hamilton Kuhn and your
narrator composed the committee who made the great in-
novation of substituting kerosene oil, then a new illumi-
nant, for the old candles which were heretofore used.
These lamps, with their reflectors, we bought in Second
Street, brought out and installed in the boat-house to the
great satisfaction of all our members. Shortly after we
went into the new house subscriptions were raised for the
purchase of an eight-oared barge. She was built to order
by Albertson, a Kensington boat-builder, and named the
"Ariel." A somewhat embarrassing incident attended the
delivery of this boat on her completion. The subscriptions
had not all been collected, but a large portion ot the price
of the boat had been paid to Mr. Albertson, leaving a small
balance still due. The crew which was to have had the
honor of bringing the boat from the ship-yard at Kensing-
ton to the boat-house upon the Schuylkill assembled in full
uniform at an early hour, eager for the voyage. Mr. Albert-
son, however, was obdurate, and would not consent to our
taking the boat until she should be fully paid for. Mr.
Pemberton Sidney Hutchinson was thereupon dispatched
by slow conveyance, in omnibus and on foot, to obtain the
required instalment. His father gracefully advanced us
the money to get our precious boat released. It took the
balance of the day and quite late in the evening before the
boat was brought through the perils of the locks to the

Early Years of the University Barge Club of Philadelphia. 289

boat-house upon the river above the dam. I believe it was
a year subsequent to this, that the " Hesperus" was wrecked
under the most exciting circumstances. A solitary sail-
boat, owned by old Charlie, the boat-house keeper to whom
I have referred, was one afternoon hired to two inexperi-
enced sailors, strangers to us, however, who made a false
movement which rendered them helpless to stem the cur-
rent of the river, so that they were carried down upon the
dam-breast, where the centreboard caught and alone pre-
vented them from going over the dam at once.

Their call for assistance was heard as well as their des-
perate position plainly seen by those gathered on the boat-
house slip. A volunteer crew, consisting of Mr. Hamil-
ton Kuhn, Mr. Charles C. Jackson, Mr. Robert T. Morris,
and Mr. Horace Brown, was hastily gathered together and
with Mr. Samuel W. Groom e as the coxswain, ran out the
"Hesperus," quickly manned her, and hastened to the assist-
ance of the men upon the sail-boat. The river was some-
what high, the current swift and a considerable amount
of water was flowing over the dam. Mr. Groome, in de-
scribing this occurrence to the narrator, writes as follows
his recollections of the incident :

" I turned the bow of the ' Hesperus' up the river and
kept the crew rowing against the current. In those days
we carried very long bow and stern lines. I stood up in
the stern and threw the stern line to them (the men upon
the sail-boat). Just as I did this a small boat, with one
man in it, had been caught by the current, ran into our star-
board side, unshipped our oars and almost in a moment we
were broadside to the current. Kuhn was in the bow and
stood up with boat-hook to check us. He was thrown out
first, we struck the sail-boat, and all three boats went over
the dam together. Neither Brown nor Morris could swim,
which added to our difficulties. But they were cool and
collected, and we succeeded in getting them on to the sail-
boat, or rather on the bottom of the sail-boat, as she was
bottom up. Kuhn and I took a rope between us and
VOL. xxix.— 19

290 Early Years of the University Barge Club of Philadelphia.

started to swim for the canal bank to pull them ashore,
which we succeeded in doing. No one was hurt, hut it was
a close shave."

It seems almost incredible that no fatalities attended
this accident, but the river below the dam was deep, which
saved them from striking the rocks. One of the crew, in
relating the incident to your narrator shortly after it oc-
curred, stated that he found himself at one time behind the
wall of water flowing over the dam, and only escaped by
diving through it. All that ever was recovered from the
" Hesperus" was her stern-post and rudder, which for some
years was preserved as a memento of the occasion.

In the matter of the uniform, the absurdity of the sailor
rig first adopted soon became manifest, and was the cause
of much vulgar and adverse criticism by the ol xottoi, be-
fore whom we had occasionally to exhibit ourselves. One
amusing incident in this connection occurs to the narrator.
With youthful enterprise we pushed our voyages of dis-
covery as far as the tribe of the " Manayunkers," who in-
habited the upper reaches of the river above the Falls of
the Schuylkill. Accoutered as we were, we sought upon
one occasion to make a trade with the natives, and pur-
chase of them a portion of their products, such as spruce
beer, bologna sausages, crackers, and the like. Our friendly
advances were met with vituperative epithets, unkind allu-
sions to our trousers and pea-jackets, and finally when we
embarked in sorrow at our unkind reception, they added
injury to insult, and a shower of coal nearly sank the boat.
I think this settled the question of the uniform, for very
soon a new By-law was introduced which prescribed as a
uniform a suitable straw hat, red shirt and white trousers
in summer. A leather cap was substituted in cold weather
and black pants instead of white ones. The leather cap
was soon discarded.

It was not very long when the example of the University
Barge Club was followed by the formation of other clubs, —
the Undine, the Quaker City, and others, — and these clubs

Early Years of the University Barge Club of Philadelphia. 291

soon found that a central organization would be an advan-
tage. From this arose the Schuylkill Navy, which has done
much to foster amicahle relations among the clubs and
proper regulations upon the river. Under the auspices of
the Schuylkill Navy, regattas were held, prizes awarded,
and races conducted. Prior to this the narrator does not
recall many races.

One race, however, rather unique in its conditions, was
the result of a wager made at a convivial meeting at the
tavern of Bobby Arnold, the then universal up-river house.
Mr. Ashhurst Bowie, of our University Barge Club, made
a bet of fifty dollars with Mr. William Griffiths, of the
Bachelors' Barge Club, that the Bachelors' new six-oared
boat could not* beat the " Hesperus," a four-oared boat, a
half a mile in the three-mile race from Turtle Rock to the
Falls of the Schuylkill. It is needless to say that Mr. Bowie
won his bet.

There were several other informal races of which your
narrator has but a very confused recollection. They were
the result of friendly altercations, and were but casual affairs
by scratch crews who never trained or made other prepara-
tions. No set races took place until out-riggers came into
vogue and spoon-oars had been adopted. The prevailing
type was a six-oared lap-streak boat, with out-riggers, carry-
ing a coxswain. The first race amongst this class of boats
that I recall was between the " Intrepid," belonging to the
Excelsior Club, the " Phantom" of the Philadelphia Barge
Club, and the " Lucifer," a boat owned by the University
Barge Club. The race was from Turtle Rock to a stake-
boat just above Columbia Avenue bridge, where a turn was
made, returning over the same course to the point of depart-
ure. The race was won by the "Lucifer." The "In-
trepid," in rounding the stake-boat, unshipped her rudder
and came in last. A member of the crew of the " Intrepid"
also caught his oar in a set-line, and, in extricating it,
hauled in the line, to one of the hooks of which was a fish,
and it was reported that when the " Intrepid" finally reached

292 Early Years of the University Barge Club of Philadelphia.

the starter's boat, one of the judges asked: " Gentlemen,
have you any claim of a foul to make ?" to which the cox-
swain replied : " No ! No foul, but a fish," and at the same
time holding it up for inspection. To such an extent was
the use of the out-riggers carried that on a boat which the
club at one time owned, called, I think, the " Wasp," the
out-riggers extended at least two feet from the gunwale and
was rowed with oars over ten feet long. The oars were of
ash, and were so limber that when they were taken from
the water after each stroke, they shook very perceptibly be-
fore the recovery. She was very narrow and very cranky.
We expected wonderful things of her at the time of her
purchase, as she was reported to be very fast, but she was a
great disappointment, and we soon sold her.

We had also another boat, built for us, 1 believe, in New
York, named the " Hesperus," to take the place of the one
we lost. She was a Spanish cedar, four-oared shell, carry-
ing a coxswain. She also proved to be a disappointment,
being too short for the weight she had to carry and dipping
very perceptibly at every stroke. When our complement
of boats stood at about three in number, the civil war broke
out and boating, together with almost all other sports, ran
at a very low ebb. At about this time the house of the
Humane Society and Skaters' Club was built; underneath
there were two boat-houses, one somewhat larger than the
other. The Undine Club rented the larger house, and we
leased the smaller one. The quarters which we had occu-
pied formerly under the same roof with the Philadelphia
Club we rented to them, and, inasmuch as the rental which
they paid us was somewhat in excess of what we paid the
Skaters' Club, the overplus helped materially to pay the
current expenses of our new quarters ; and thus things re-
mained till the termination of the war in 1865. No boats
were purchased during this period, and boating parties were
infrequent.

The war had in many ways exercised a very depressing
influence upon the club. Very few members were enrolled,

Early Years of the University Barge Club of Philadelphia. 293

and a very large number of the active members took service
in the army. As an evidence of this, if I remember cor-
rectly, almost all of the racing crew of the previous year
entered the army. Of these I certainly recall: Irvin
Whitehead, Stroke; William White, No. 2; Hamilton
Kuhn, No. 3 ; Charles Richards, No. 4 ; Penrose Buckley,
No. 5 ; John Markoe, Bow ; also, James Starr, who trained
for the crew, but from illness was obliged to relinquish his
position. Of these Penrose Buckley fell at Savage's Station,
Hamilton Kuhn at the battle of Gaines's Mill. Markoe was
twice wounded, first at Ball's Bluff, where he was also taken
prisoner and confined for some time in Libby Prison, and
second on the Chickahominy during McClellan's retreat.
James Starr was seriously wounded at the battle of Brandy
Station.

In spite of the fact that the narrator may be considered
too much of a laudator temporis acti, if he may be indulged
in recalling what he considers to be among the happiest
days of his youth, he would say that in those primitive days
the river, before the advent of the Park Commission's plan
for artificial adornment, was a far more lovely spot than it
is to-day. Its natural beauties at that period, as I have
briefly sketched them, could hardly be improved upon.
Instead of its being a thronged pleasure-ground, what is
now the park was in comparative solitude, and, but for the
canal boats drawn by teams of mules, gliding smoothly and
silently along, there was little beyond the faintly tinkling
bells upon the mule teams to break the solitude. The con-
necting railroad had not been built ; few trains crossed the
Columbia bridge. There was no park legislation to inter-
fere with our pleasure of bathing in puris naturalibus at any
point which we might desire. A favorite programme for
the afternoon's amusement would be to form a crew in the
afternoon of a summer day, and proceeding leisurely up
the river, pause for a period at an ice-house wharf, imme-
diately north of the Columbia bridge, where the depth ot
the water was sufficient to admit of a plunge in the river,
and there strip off our uniforms and spend half an hour or

294 Early Years of the University Barge Club of Philadelphia.

more in a delicious bath in the cool, pure, uncontaminated
waters of the river. Resuming our course, we would row
up to the Falls of the Schuylkill and at the well-known
resort kept by Bobby Arnold, celebrated for its cat>fish and
waffle suppers, replenish the inner man with those dainties,
supplemented by moderate libations of mint juleps, rum
punches and the like, seat ourselves in the summer-house
overlooking the river, enjoy our cigars and pipes until the
shades of night had fallen. I well remember many ex-
cursions of this character, for they were of almost daily
occurrence. In those days a desire to escape the city's heat
by fleeing to the sea-shore could not be easily gratified.
Atlantic City was a barren waste and Cape May could
only be reached by a boat after a day's journey. Boating
on the river was a more satisfactory substitute, notwith-
standing the fact that it involved a tedious journey in an
omnibus, and a long walk afterwards, from our homes to
the boat-house. The charms of a moonlight night on the
return trip from Arnold's to the boat-house cannot be ex-
aggerated. The features which I have already spoken of
— the complete solitude of the river and its adjacent banks
— were its chief charm, which none of you of the present
day can understand. There were, however, times when
nature assumed another aspect, and often in the dark-
ness of a thunder-storm, when it was difficult to distin-
guish fifty yards ahead of you, it took an alert and careful
coxswain, and a trained and disciplined crew, to avoid the
perils which often beset the route. At certain points in
the river, where the course led along the western shore,
huge canal boats looming high out of the water made the
journey one of considerable anxiety, and certain shallow
mud-banks off the end of Peter's Island and at the Goose-
pen, just below Columbia bridge, gave the coxswain con-
siderable trouble. Probably the most difficult place to pass
safely upon such an occasion was the first arch of the Falls
bridge. After embarking your crew, often flushed with
their generous repast, and you had successfully turned the
boat and headed her for the dimly-seen arch of the bridge,

Early Years of the University Barge Club of Philadelphia. 295

your zealous crew aided by a strong current, you would
be carried swiftly out into the darkness, where, standing
up at your post, peering out anxiously to discern the rock,
which, though not directly in your path, yet was so close
that a slight deviation might bring you upon it, you bore
hard upon the tiller-ropes, and often grazed it with your
oars. The arch being reached, if no canal-boats were in
sight, you pulled swiftly through and hugged the western
shore until the curve of the river brought into view the
faint outline of the Columbia bridge, where it joined the
eastern shore. To this point you steered with more con-
fidence, leaving the perils of the canal-boats behind you.
As you approached the Columbia bridge, if the night was
dark and you were prudent, you took the second arch,
thus keeping out in the river and avoiding the Goose-pen
and flats. From there the course was a fair one. Passing
through the middle arch of the Girard Avenue bridge, you
steered straight for Turtle Rock point, where the light-house
now stands. Turtle Rock was a very dangerous obstacle.
It was a shelving rock, jutting out into the water, directly
off the point some distance into the stream. In the ordi-
nary flow of the river there was just a wash, but at higher
stages of the water it was entirely concealed. After turn-
ing this point the coxswain's troubles were by no means
ended. The dangers attendant from Turtle Rock to the
boat-house I have already described.

After the boating clubs upon the river had become more
numerous, the formation of a central organization became a
necessity; principally for formulating proper rules and
regulations for the passing and repassing of boats upon the
river, the carrying of lights at night, the regulation of regat-
tas and other matters of like character. For this purpose
an organization called the Schuylkill Navy was formed. A
representative from each club was elected, and these consti-
tuted a board who nominated and elected officers called a
Commodore and Vice-Commodore. The Schuylkill Navy
Board met at stated intervals and legislated upon all
matters within the purview of their powers.

296 Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

LETTERS OF JAMES H. WATMOUGH TO HIS WIFE,

1785.

BY JAMES H. WATMOUGH U.S.N.
(Concluded from page 190.)

Letter III.
My Dearest Anna.

I shall now resume the pen again and endeavour to per-
form what I promised you in my last, a description of this
great and surprising City, not only the largest but by far
the most wealthy in Europe. As my account is solely for
your amusement, I need not make any apologies for the
inconsistent manner in which I shall make my remarks, the
subject being Capital — and my pen not very adequate to the
task. I should never have attempted it were it not to afford
some little gratification to My beloved Wife, and to con-
vince her by these triffling attentions how much my mind
is engaged about her in my absence.

To proceed then, as the commerce of this place is the
chief cause of its grandeur, it will be necessary to say some-
thing on that head. London is without doubt the first
Commercial City in the world ; there is no describing its
magnitude ; there is not a place on the Globe but what has
connexions in trade in this City. Some thousand wealthy
merchants ornament the Exchange, on which the languages
of the whole world is spoken, and the inhabitants of each
nation are to be met with. The River Thames from London
Bridge to Greenwich, which is full five miles, is crowded
with shipping of all sizes, and all nations bringing the rich
produce of the Globe to this grand market, and taking back
the produce of this Island and its manufactories to the most
distant nations. I am by no means surprised at the people
in London being vain ; to view their River and the com-

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. 297

merce carried on, must naturally raise their ideas beyond
what people unaccustomed to such a sight can possibly
imagine. The Custom House is a grand building, but the
business carried on in it is beyond any ones imagination,
and the riches that pass through it annually is enormous.
More business is done here and in the Coffee Houses (of
which the number is incredible), than at the Exchange, on
which, however, all the bill business is negotiated, which
forms in a city like this a very important branch, and some
thousands are engaged in nothing else. Besides the Grand
Bank of the Nation, which is the most Capital in every re-
spect in the World, no less than fifty-two private Banking
Houses are employed in doing business to facilitate the
trade of this ^metropolis, and these Bankers are in general
rich and capital people. The Bank of England is an
amazing building, and exceeding elegant, situated in the
Heart of the City. The Riches contained therein is enor-
mous, and the facility granted to the Merchants is great,
and the strict punctuality in their concerns, has raised its
credit throughout to the highest pitch of Fame. The
accounts of all the debts of Government are kept in it and
the interest regularly paid by the Directors of the State,
and the great punctuality in Government has raised the
credit of this nation above any in Europe, and make Minis-
try never at loss to raise money, whenever they stand in
need. The Fund or debt of the Nation are called Stock,
or the Stocks, and have different name, as Bank, India,
South Sea Stock 3 pc*. 4 pc*. etc. These stocks have intro-
duced a kind of ideal trade called Stockjobbing, in which
many people are continually engaged, and thousands are
ruined and raised; it is a kind of gambling — and I may
say of the highest kind. The Stockjobbers have a Coffee
House of their own, and a person who goes among them as
a spectator, cannot fail of being amused. Political lyes are
told without number, in order to bring about a triffling
variation in the price of the Stocks. A man in that line
will make nothing to engage to receive or deliver Stock to

298 Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

the amount of five, six or ten Million Sterling, at a fixed
price, such a period. The time comes, if the price has ad-
vanced, he receives or pays the difference, which sums are
sometimes so enormous that the party is ruined, and he is
then denominated a " Lame Duck" and must waddle out of
the Alley. For such debts he cannot be prosecuted, as the
business is contrary to law, but on paying a future, he is
reinstated and his name taken down from disgrace. The
Buyers are styled Bulls and the sellers Bears. Excuse
my taking up your time with this detail. As a Company
of Merchants, the English East India Company, is the most
important that ever was in the World ; their consequence
is beyond conception, and their territory immense; — in
short their importance is such, and their riches so consid-
erable, that the King is frequently obliged to restrain them,
least their influence should become dangerous. Their origi-
nal stock was only about three Million Sterling and now
their expences are annually nearly that sum, and it is
imagined that they have near ten times that sum besides their
immense territory, and immense number of shipping. They
import annually from China upwards of 20 million weight
of Teas, to supply their annual sales, and their warehouses
in London, if all together, would form a very considerable
Town; and the numbers of people employed by them in
London are some thousands. Besides this, there are several
other trading Companies as the Greenland, the Levant and
African Trade, which is very important ; in short the Com-
merce of this City is beyond any idea that can be formed of
it. Besides the merchants, the shop keepers form a very
respectable body of men, and some thousands of them are
amazing rich. The Principal streets are lined with grand
and brilliant shops, all set out with elegance and taste, and
no sight can be more luxuriant to the eye of a stranger,
than the Shops in London the riches displayed in them is
amazing and it must astonish any one what can become of
all the goods, for their stock and display of elegant goods,
never seem to diminish. The Silversmiths and Jewelers,

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. 299

the Mercers, the Chintz and Cotton Shops, throughout the
whole City cut the most magnificent appearance. The
Print shops are elegant beyond comparison, and in the
evening the City appears as if superbly illuminated. I wish
it was in my power to give my beloved Anna ! an idea of
the Kiches, elegance etc., of this surprising City. The
Shopkeepers are a polite affable sett of people ; they will
tumble over half their goods for any person and not say the
least word if you go out without buying ; they seem always
pleased and if you buy ever so triffling a thing, they will
send it home for you. In Paris and Amsterdam they are
very different, and the shops in neither of those Cities appear
so elegant as in London, nor will their streets admit of it.
London in short is the first place for tradesmen in the World.
I wish I could be going about the City with you, and I never
take a walk but I wish you with me. The Streets in general
are broad and exceeding well paved, the footpath not so
broad in General as in Philadelphia, but flagged with large
flat stones ; the Houses in general good and well built, about
four stories high, with an attique story. Some of the back
Streets are irregular and ill built, but the City are daily buy-
ing up the old Houses, opening the streets and beautifying
the place. The size of this place is enormous, and has in-
creased very considerably since I was here eight years ago,
and the number of new Streets which are building in all
parts thereof are incredible ; to go round it is full thirty
miles, moderately speaking, which is more than a third
larger than Paris. The squares in the "West End of the
Town are elegant, and the buildings noble. Grosvenor
Square, is the first in point of neatness, the Houses are all
noble and spacious ; in the Center of the square is a circle
enclosed with neat Iron railing and beautifully laid out in
gravel walks and shrubbery, which in the summer time
must have a beautifull effect. The streets leading to this
square are all spacious and well built. The next Berkeley
Square, is of an oblong form and elegant ; the Palace of the
Marquis of Lansdowne is at one end, a large and magnifi-

800 Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

cent building, but being enclosed with a high wall, hides
the building, which is really a great pity. St. James
Square, is beautifull as is also St. James Place, in which
last is Lord Spencer's House, esteemed one of the most
elegant buildings in London; it commands a noble pros-
pect on the Green park. In Berkeley is an elegant statue ot
George IId, on Horseback in guilt.

Cavendish Square, in Oxford Street, is beautiful; the
buildings elegant; in the centre is an elegant Bronze
statue in guilt of the late Duke of Cumberland, on Horse-
back. Bloomsbury Square is beautiful ; Bedford House
takes up one side ; the House is elegant but hid behind a
Brick wall. Portland square and Portman Place are
elegant, and all the Streets at the end of the Town are
neat and airy ; the Houses of the Nobility and Gentry are
contained in them. In Piccardilly are situated Devonshire
House and Portland House, but both hid by enormous
brick walls which answers the purpose of making the
inhabitants retired, but does not ornament the City.
Lord Uxbridge is building an elegant palace ; his Lordship
in my opinion might have found out a more pleasing spot.
I shall not attempt to say anything more, or at least very
little on the subject of the buildings of private people,
suffice it to say, the buildings in General are neat, simple
and convey an idea of comfort, ease, and riches. In Pall
Mall is Charlton House, the Palace of the Prince ot
Wales, when finished will be the most elegant building in
London; His Royal Highness resides in it though un-
finished. Cumberland House is also in Pall Mall, behind
these palaces are gardens which enter into St. James park.
The Duke of Marlborough's palace is in the Park, a
spacious and most elegant building of Brick. St. Jame's
palace is a very old building amazingly large but has
nothing respectable about it. Buckingham House is a
spacious, neat building, but as it is the residence of the
Royal family is not thought much of, does not convey an
idea of grandeur. The Public buildings in London are

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. 301

numerous and amazingly elegant, in the Strand where
Sommerset House stood, is an amazing pile of building,
finished in the most elegant style, all the different offices
of the nation are to be kept there; the Architecture is
neat and elegant. In Broad Street is the Excise Office, a
large and elegant building ; the Exchange is a neat build-
ing round which are statues of all the Kings of England,
and in the center King James the I. The Mansion House
is a large building, cost much money, but is very Heavy
and clumsy. The Churches, of which in this immense
City there are some hundreds, are in general neat elegant
buildings of Hewn stone, but few are advantageously situ-
ated ; crowded in some corner by which means are little
noticed by the passengers in the Streets. St. Paul's
Church is grand beyond description and next to St. Peters
at Rome, is the most complete building in Europe; the
size is enormous, but the Architecture is so elegant, and the
proportion so exact that, it appears light and airy but it is
hid from view, except from Ludgate, where the view is
by no means judicious for so elegant a building; you drop
upon it all at once by which means the Beauty of the
building is entirely hid. The buildings for different Chari-
ties are grand, noble and spacious, as also are the sundry
Hospitals you would be astonished at the number of them ;
they do infinite credit to the nation, and to this City in
particular. Bethehem, for Lunatics, is really a noble
building, appears more like a Palace than the abode of
Fools and madmen ; in Old Street they have built a New
St. Lukes Hospital, it is not quite finished, it is for in-
curable Lunaticks ; — the building is truly magnificent. To
attempt to describe all the publick buildings in London
would fill a volume, suffice it to say that, there is hardly a
Charity you can name but buildings are erected for them,
and sums adequate to their support in ease and comfort to
those who enjoy them, which does infinite credit to this
Country. Still thousands of indigent, idle people, are
about this Metropolis ; — pickpockets in every quarter and

302 Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

unless a stranger is cautious he is sure of suffering ; how-
ever to walk the streets an assault is seldom heard of, which
was not always the case. The Streets of London are as
secure as those of Philadelphia, and really more so than
ours have been for some years past.

The fourth of January heing a grand Court day and
Levee at St. James, curiosity led me to walk there, and see
the Grandees go to pay their obeisance to their Majestys.
The dresses of the Ladies and Gentlemen were elegant, but
really I did not see above one or two ladies that might be
called beauties. I did not see the Royal family, only the
Duke and Duchess of Cumberland; she is really a fine
woman. The Prince of Wales was not at Court; I met
him riding in Hyde Park, only one Servant with him. He
is a fine, elegant looking man, and with all his faults has
many virtures and is exceedingly admired by every body.
We used to hear in America that, he was much inclined to
drinking, he has now nothing of it, and that vice is not laid
to his charge, and since his connection with the beautiful
Mrs. Fitzherbert, has become more steady and sedate.
Charles Fox, by all account, has been his ruin, and created
the coolness between the Prince and -the King ; they now
never see each other, but the Queen and family see him in
Private. I was told that the Prince for adopting Fox's
party so warmly at the last election, against his father, was
exceedingly insulted at the Theatre. King Queen and
Princesses came in and were most amazingly applauded,
and the Chorus of " God save the King" rebounded from
all sides of the House ; the Prince came to his Box, but
was hissed for some time, and on leaving the House was
hissed again, since which he never goes to the play when
the Royal family go ; it was a strong proof how much the
people at large were offended and reprobated his conduct.
Charles Fox must be an amazing genious, and his Wit and
repartees are quick ; I was told that at the last election he
was canvassing for votes, and called in a tradesman's shop.
The Tradesman asked him who he was ; " Why Mr. Fox."

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. 303

" Then instead of my vote, here, take this Rope it will serve
as a halter for you!" Charles Fox replied, uno! no!
friend, do not give it away it is probably a family piece,
and the present possessor may stand in need of it." Many
such anecdotes are related of him at that election. The
Beautiful Duchess of D. lost her dignity exceedingly, she
really went about Westminster and its liberties, soliciting
votes for Fox; not a house but what she went into, and
received many insults, and was caracatured in the most
indecent manner in the Print shops. She saw her folly, and
since that period has become quite a domestique lady, but
seldom goes to Court. How foolish it is in women to make
themselves partisans in Politicks ; — the Duchess would still
have been a 'favorite at Court had she not espoused the
cause of Fox. I saw Genl. Arnold the other day at Court,
but his lady was not there. I had not a good sight of him ;
his name was called over, and he passed in a hurry; he is
taken very little notice of. You remember the circum-
stance of his meeting a relation that was to leave him a for-
tune ; I am informed the man is a capricious mortal, and
has now changed his mind and is on no terms with the
General, but has taken up his old relations again ; however,
as the chap is rich, I wish he would consider Mrs. Arnold,
for by all accounts she is an amiable woman, and was her
husband dead, would be much noticed, which at present it
is impossible for them to do, except by one sett. I got my
pockets picked in coming out at St. James, but did not
loose much fortunately, I had no chain to my watch and
thereby saved it. In the Park, who should I meet, most
superbly dressed, but my fellow Traveller, the volatile dame,
with several Ladies all beautiful and elegant attended by
several Noblemen of distinction. I was alone and was pass-
ing her, she immediately called to me, and introduced me
as an American gentleman to her company, which consisted

of my Lord S , Col. T — , and a Major H — , who you

must have heard of in America. We entered into conver-
sation and I was invited to her House to Tea and spend the

304 Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

evening. We escorted the ladies to their carriages. In
the evening I waited on them, (it was Sunday), her House
was elegant, servants in livery, Tea and Coffee in grand
style, I heard nothing but, when did you see the Duke of
— ; My Lord at the opera gave me this ; I hope the Prince
will come here to night ; do not you think he will before he
goes to Brooke. The party consisted of about ten Ladies,
really they were beautiful creatures and not inelegant in
their manners, three noblemen, some officers and com-
moners and myself. About ten, the card Tables were
introduced, and as I had now seen enough, and not being
desirous to play, as they play high, I slipped off and went
home to my Lodgings contemplating as I went along on
the follies and extravagances of the times. I was invited
to a dinner with the same party on the Tuesday following,
but I declined the invitation, such company little suit my
affection for you.

It is now the 10th of Janr; the H and G family will be
in Town to-morrow, when shall see them. My friends
pay me every attention possible, and had I come in ever
such style, I could not have experienced more friendships
and civilities. I wrote to Littledale to take up and send
me over any letters that might be for me. I received his
answer, which was exceeding polite, accompanied with a
strong desire to see me in Holland, but he says no letters
are for me in the post office. I am amazed ; You must
have written I am confident ; I expected long epistles from
you; my disappointment My dearly beloved Anna! was
great, and I assure you do not contribute a little to depress
my spirits. I am at a loss to account for my not hearing
from you and the family ; I tremble least some accident, as
sickness etc., has prevented, but bad news comes apace.
As the Harmony, Capn Willet, is arrived any letters for
me will be returned by the next Dutch mail. I am im-
patient to hear from you! The Queen's birthday I went
to Court, which was superbly elegant and crowded. The
Ladies and Gentlemen dressed in the Richest Style, in

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. 305

short it made a brilliant appearance. I was pleased to see
the Royal family, the Princess Royal was indisposed, the
other princesses are beautifull women; they are really
handsome. The Prince of Wales was not there, most ot
the nobility have new equipages on that day, they were
elegant. I saw the King go in State to the House of
Peers ; I had an order to go in but from unforeseen acci-
dent, much to my mortification, I could not get admit-
tance, the House was so crowded. His Majesty looked
exceedingly well ; the procession was grand.

I have been sundry times to the Play houses ; I saw M™
Siddon's twice, once as Desdemona in Othello; she is a
divine actress ; you have heard so much of her that for me
to say any thing of her subject is useless, she is every-
thing that is capital. I went to see her act Imogen, in
Cymberline, for her benefit, but was obliged to go away
the house was so crowded ; however, a few nights after I
saw her perform the same character : it is a fine play and
M™ S. shone ; it was the first time she appeared in men's
clothes. If you remember the play, she takes on a dis-
guise ; she is well made and her face is rather masculine.
I saw M" Jordan one night in the " Country Girl" ; as a
Comick actress she is capital. At Covent Garden I saw
Miss Brunton act Juliet, she is a charming actress and has
almost as many admirers as M™ Siddons. I wish I could
aftbrd it, I never would miss the play, the Scenery, the
Actors, the Actress, and the Company, everything so
divine. I was at the Opera the other evening ; (here you
must be full dressed), the Musick and dancing was ele-
gant, but must confess I am not so bright a genius as to
prefer it to a play. The House is large and elegant, the
Company amazingly brilliant, but I prefer the play to
twenty operas. Oh my ever beloved Anna, how much do I
wish you and Sally could enjoy London a little time ; I never
see anything but I wish you with me. As I have seen the
Pantheon in former times, I have not been there yet, nor do
I think I shall, though the admittance is only half a crown.
VOL. xxix.— 20

306 Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

Apropos I saw Mr. and M™. Nicklin. I paid them a
visit; we talked about Philadelphia a little. I saw Dr.
White and waited on him ; he was glad to see me. He
returned by this paquet; I would have troubled him with
my letters, but the passengers are not allowed to take charge
of any ; he has promised to let you know that he saw me
well ; he made me happy in saying that he saw you all well
in October last, — I could have embraced him for the news.
He and Dr. Provost had the greatest civilities and attention
shown them by the Nobility and Clergy ; he was ordained
yesterday; his title is The Right Reverend Dr. White,
Bishop of Pennsylvania.

Adieu My ever beloved Anna !
I remain

Your's Affecn

J. H. W.

London 5. Feb. 1787.

Letter 4th
My Dearest Anna !

I had the pleasure of writing you by the February pacquet,
which I hope you received safe, and I doubt not, but Dr.
White will let you know that he saw me. Apropos! the
Dr. seemed exceedingly pleased with his new acquired Title,
though a republican a Title is acceptable; the attentions
paid him in England were very great. I have been gossip-
ing about London since my last, my friends are exceeding
attentive to me and I am daily receiving cards of invitation
to some parties. I was the other evening at the City As-
sembly, was introduced by Mr. Neave ; the Company was
brilliant, several of the first nobility were present, as the
Marquis of Carmanthan, Mr. Pitt, Lady Salisbury, and
others; the dresses were brilliant the Company was really
the best in England. Met about 10 o'clock, it was at
Mercer's Hall, in Wood street, the rooms were elegant ; I
only danced one dance, the Company retired about 3 oclock.
The next day I met with a person who I formerly knew in
Holland ; we spent a day or two together in viewing Lon-

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. 307

don and all ite curiosity's, it would fill a volume to give you
a description of them ; they will serve to converse about
when we meet in America which will be in April next,
please God. I supped the other evening with some friends,
after supper we called for a coach and drove to the Hay-
market Theatre. Enpassant stopped at a Shop and got
dresses (domino's and masques) ; the House was brilliant, I
presume about seven Hundred persons. The Prince * of
Wales was there unmasqued, he was accompanied by the
Duke of Cumberland, Queensbury, and others ; there were
a variety of characters and some very good ones ; a vast
number of common women, very few ladies of fashion ; on
the whole it was entertaining. Madm. Mara's concert room,
in Hanover Square, is really beautiful, to which the first
company in the nation resort ; I never saw so great a dis-
play of fine, elegant women in my life. As Lent is com-
menced they begin now to play Oratorio's. I long to see
one but as none but Subscribers can go to those held in
Tottenham Court road and they are only performed once a
week at Drury lane, I fear I shall not see one as I leave
London next week to return to you per the Harmony, Cap*.
Willett. Last night I could not go being engaged. I am
going down to Essex to spend a few days with Mr. Neave,
and from there into Kent to Mr. Jordan's, in order to take
leave of his family. I went last Tuesday with my friend
Mr. Jordan to the Pantheon, the Concert was divine.
Barthelemi leads the band, and his wife, an English woman,
sings enchantingly. The room is elegance beyond descrip-
tion ; — can contain about 3000 persons ; the concert began
at nine and lasted till 12 o'clock. As I have now taken my
passage and paid for it in the Harmony, for Philadelphia,
the rest of my time here will be employed in purchasing
somethings for you and our Dear Sister Sarah, a bonnet for
Betsy, a hat Maria, some caps, — all shall be made up by the
most fashionable Milliner in London. You will find when
I arrive that I have thought of a hundred little triffles, which
I flatter myself will be usefull and acceptable ; I have been

308 Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785.

a great economist. I hope soon to be with you. I have
formed some good connections in London, and shall no
doubt soon get into a way of business. My things are
all on board, and the vessel gone down to Gravesend; a
Dr. Parker, of Boston, and Mr. D. Ingraham, of Philadel-
phia, are my fellow passengers. I breakfasted this morn-
ing, the 28th Feb., with Mr. Stringer, and as the wind was
fair, went down in the boat, the sail was delightfull — the
river Thames is really elegant. I arrived at Gravesend to
dinner we dined on shore together, and spent the 1st of
March on shore. Friday, the 2d, in the morg, went on board
but the wind blowing fresh did not sail till the afternoon and
come to Anchor next day in Margate roads from whence
sailed on Sunday morng with a fair wind and passed Dover
about 2 oclock. Thus adieu to old England ! May every
happiness in Politicks and success attend you are my sincere
prayers. I hope now soon to be landed in America, never
again to be separated from my beloved Anna ! The voyage
will appear an Age to me. I wrote you, my beloved Anna !
a few lines by the March paquet to inform you of my de-
parture ; but presume shall get with you first.

A Book has lately been published called the Travels ot
the Marquis de Castellux through North America ; he was
a Major General in the French Army. I never read so
foolish a piece in my life, not one remark therein worth
noticing and his information very erroneous and a bigot in his
political principals which he carries to illiberality. In speak-
ing of Philadelphia, he mentions being at an assembly : " On
entering the rooms, I found twenty or five and twenty Ladies
ready for dancing. It was whispered me that, they were
come with the hopes of having the Yicomte Noaills, the
Compto de Damas for Partners, but they were compleatly
disappointed as those Gentlemen had sett out in the
morning. I should have been disappointed also, had I
expected to see even pretty women ; there were only two
passable, one ot them called Miss Footman, was rather
contraband, that is to say, suspected of not being a very

Letters of James H. Watmough to his Wife, 1785. 309

good Whig, for the Tory Ladies are publickly excluded
from this Assembly. I was here presented to a ridiculous
enough personage, but who plays her part in the Town ; a
Miss Vining celebrated for her Coquetry, her wit and her
sarcastic disposition. She is Thirty and does not seem on
the point of marriage, in the meantime she applies Red,
White, Blue, and all possible colors, affects an extraor-
dinary mode of dressing her hair and person, and a
staunch Whig in every point, she setts no bounds to her
Liberty." I made these extracts from his works, they are
two volumes in ocotavo cost £112, more than I think them
worth. I am ashamed to see a man publish a Book in
such a manner mentioning names at full length. If Miss
V. should see her Character as published in France and
England, she will loose her partiality for the French
Nation. In the course of his Book, some hundred of
Ladies are mentioned in same manner. M™ Powell is his
favorite and M". Meridith, the sister of Mr. Cadwallader.
[Here end the letters.]

310 Pennsylvania Gleanings in England.

PENNSYLVANIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND.

BY LOTHROP WITHINGTON, 30 LITTLE RUSSELL STREET, W. C., LONDON.
(Including "Gleanings" by Henry F. Waters, not before printed.)

(Continued from page 209.)

ROBERT CARSON of Philadelphia in North America, Mer-
chant, now resident in Strabane in Ireland, intending
shortly to go to Philadelphia. Will 10 May 1783; proved
20 September 1784. All my estates in Strabane, County
Tyrone, to my Brother in law Thomas Higgins, of the
Head Elke in Maryland in North America, and to William
Lecky of the City of Deny, Alderman, in trust for my
mother Barbara Carson till her decease, then to my nephew
Samuel Carson Higgins, son of above Thomas Higgins by
my late sister Nichola Carson his late wife ; in case he dies
before 21. to my Brother in law Thomas Higgins, and after
his death to the said William Lecky. To my servant Simon
£20 a year for life. Executors : William Lecky and Thomas
Higgins. Witnesses : John Coningham, Archd Boyd, John
Clark. jRockingham, 4.97.

MARY HEWSON of Pennsylvania, widow. Will 7 June
1794 ; proved 15 April 1796. Not more than six persons
to be asked to my funeral. To my daughter Elizabeth
Hewson £2200. To my son Thomas Tickell Hewson £1700,
having already advanced the sum of £1700 to my son
William Hewson. The Bequest to my daughter Elizabeth
is larger because my two sons are entitled to £500 each of
my effects by the will of Mrs. Mary Tickell. To my
daughter Elizabeth all my clothes, jewels, plate, chamber
furniture, China, Beds, etc, she to give my daughter Alice
Hewson one of my best Diamond Cluster Rings. To her
Brother Thomas Tickell Hewson the Onyx Ring that was

Pennsylvania Gleanings in England. 311

his father's. As he has taken his profession, he should
have something that he wore. My daughter Elizabeth to
give a ring each to Miss Mary Benger, Miss Sarah Dobell,
and Miss Ruth Dobell. To Thomas Tickell Hewson silver
candlesticks inscribed with Dr. Franklin's name, spoons
marked with the star, his father's crest, and plate marked
with the Tickell crest, and a silver funnel, the gift of Sir
John Pringle. To William Hewson the gold medal given
to his father by the Royal Society of London, and then to
his Brother, to go to the eldest of our grandchildren as long
as the name of Hewson exists. To May and Barbara Hew-
son of Hexham in Northumberland, the Mother and sister
of my husband, £100. per annum for their joint lives. To
Ann Colematt of Rochester in Kent, the sister of my Uncle,
£80 a year for life, To my cousin Ann Elliott £15 a year
for life in addition to the £10 a year I settled on her when
she came over. Mr. Miles Satterthwaite and Mr. James
Blunt, who now hold in trust my Stock in the Government
Funds in England, to be responsible for the payment of the
above Annuities, To said Mr. Miles Satterthwaite and Mr.
James Blunt, my executors in England, £50 each. To Mr.
Jonathan Williams Junior of Mount Pleasant £50, and
appoint him joint executor with my sons and daughter
To my friend Dorothea Blunt of Kensington near London
the pictures and glasses she has of mine and £50. To my
friend Elizabeth Hodgson the bonds and money owed me
by her husband Robert Hodgson deceased. The reversion
of the annuities and all the rest of my estate to be equally
divided among my three children. Oathes of Abraham
Shoemaker and Benjamin F. Bache, both of Philadelphia,
swearing to handwriting of said Mary Hewson.

Harris, 188.

CHRISTIAN MINNICK of Bristol Township, County of
Bucks, State of Pennsilvania, Gentleman. Will 28 Novem-
ber 1783 ; proved 7 July 1786. Debts and funeral expenses
to be paid. To my daughter Mary Ann Minnick or Min-

312 Pennsylvania Gleanings in England.

ning, now living at Bern in Switzerland, £200 in full satis-
faction of her claim on my estate. To the Church of St.
James in Bristol, County Bucks, aforesaid £10 silver money
of Pennsylvania towards repairing the said church and
enclosing the Churchyard. To my Eldest son John Min-
nick £500 silver money of Pennsylvania in satisfaction of
his claim. The rest and residue to my five children,
namely, John (my eldest son), Margaret, Joseph, Elizabeth,
and Samuel Minnick, and their several heirs for ever as
tenants in Common. If any die during minority without
issue, their share to go to the surviving brothers and sisters.
Executors : my son John, My Brother-in-law Joseph Planta
of London Esqre, my friend Seymour Hart of Philadelphia,
Doctor, William Mcllwaine, and Colonel Joseph Penrose
of Bucks County aforesaid. Witnesses: Ephraim Evans,
William Harting, E. Whitehead. Codicil, dated same day.
My Executors to have power to sell my estate, and when
my youngest child reaches the age of eighteen, the division
of my property to take place. Witnesses ditto.

Norfolk, 392.

[Joseph Planta, a Swiss by birth, was at this time keeper of manu-
scripts in the British Museum. He became principal librarian in 1799.
— L. W.]

ARCHIBALD CUMMINGS of Philadelphia, Clerk. Will 23
March 1740/41 ; proved 1 August 1741. Debts and funeral
expenses to be paid. To my wife all my plate and house-
hold goods, and my two Negroes Cato and Hannah, and
£600 current money of Pennsylvania, with the choice of
one of my two houses in Arch Street for life ; after her
death, to my nephew George Craige. To my said Nephew
the other house in Arch Street and £50 consigned to him
in his voyage to St. Kitts. To my wife's neice Margaret
Vainer £100 money aforasaid. To Margaret Hooper £15
of like money. I having £100 sterling in the hands of the
Chamberlain of London, for which money Dr. Thomas
Moore has a bond, to my nephew Archibald Craige £25

Pennsylvania Gleanings in England. 313

sterling, to his sister my niece £25, to my Reverend Brother
George Cummings £20, with what he owes me, to Dr.
Thomas Moore of Aldersgate London £20, and appoint him
executor of that small estate I have in Great Britain. The
rest of my estate there I give to my wife. My library and
wearing apparell I dispose of by a codicil or Schedule here-
after signed. To Dr. John Kearsley £20 current money.
The residue of my estate in Pennsylvania I give to the
poor of Christchurch in Philadelphia. Executors : my wife
Elizabeth and Dr. John Kearsley. Witnesses : Sam1 Holt,
Alexr Annand, Pet. Evans. Spurway, 197.

JOHN SEASANCKE of Bishop's Hatfield, Hertford, Esqre.
Will 6 April 1779 ; proved 21 May 1779. To my wife all
the household goods, etc. I shall not dispose of in this will
with the wine and beer except some Madeira wine which I
give to my sisters Elizabeth and Sarah. To my wife Mary
all rent due from my estate in parishes of Crowland and
Hundleby in Lincolnshire, £400, my coaches and horses,
and an annuity of £52. 10s a year for life, my free and copy-
hold estate in Hertford to be charged with the same. To
my sisters Elizabeth and Sarah Seasancke all that I hold
by lease from the Earl of Salisbury except the house my
wife dwells in. To my sisters Elizabeth and Sarah £2000
in trust for purposes to be hereafter named : My sister Ann,
the wife of Francis Carter Nicoll of St. Albans, Esqre, to
receive the increase of same, and at her death to be equally
divided among her children ; £60 to be divided among my
men and maid servants ; £30 to the poor of Bishop's Hat-
field. To my sister Sarah Seasancke the gold watch and
seal my mother gave me and my Diamond ring in memory
of my mother and father. To my sisters Elizabeth and
Sarah Seasancke all the plate that was mine on the Christ-
mas day before I married, they to be residuary legatees to
my personal property. My lands in Hertford and Middle-
sex to my sisters Elizabeth and Sarah, subject to the annuity
payable to Mr. John Atkinson and £100 per annum mar-

314 Pennsylvania Gleanings in England.

riage settlement on my wife, and as security for money I
am indebted to the Late Thomas Parnell of Newgate Street,
Mr. Thomos Parnell of Northam, and to my sister Mrs.
Rayner wife of Mr. Robert Rayner of Docking in Norfolk.
To my Brother Francis Carter Nicoll £100. To my nephew
Francis Carter Nicoll, junior, £300. To my niece Sarah
Nicoll, £300. To Mrs. Susannah Durnford, my wife's
mother, £100. To Miss Mary Rayner, my wife's niece,
£20. To William Howard, Clerk to me, £50. To James
Tatham, who works with me, £20, and when too old to
work, 6s. a week. " To the widow Stone, the widow ot
Stones," £8. To every labourer who has been three years
with me, £5. The reversion of my estates to my nephew
Francis Carter Nicoll. My executors to Grant to Rev. Mr.
Bourchier a lease of " Greenhall and upon Stockings,"
parish of Bramfield. Letters from Doctyr Smith of Phila-
delphia College inform me that he has recovered land for
me. Witnesses : Elisa Marsham, Mary Deare, Tho. Mars-
ham. Codicil 26 June 1774. Dr. William Smith, Provost
of the College in Philadelphia in Pennsilvania, having re-
covered 1000 acres of land for me, full power of attorney
to be sent him, and he to sell the said property, keeping
one-tenth of proceeds for benefit of said College, and £100
for himself. The remainder as follows : one-fourth to be
put to interest for my wife Mary ; on her decease, to my
Nephew Francis Carter Nicoll Esq, and his two sisters ;
one-fourth to my sister Sarah ; one-fourth to sister Eliza-
beth; one-fourth to my sister Ann. Witnesses: Thos.
Woodward, Ann Bassatt, James Cook. Warburton,

ROBERT JESSON of Philadelphia in Province Pennsilvania,
Merchant. Will 3 April 1732 ; proved 18 June 1740. All
my estate, real and personal, to Rebecca Goade, wife of Solo-
mon Goade of Philadelphia, Mariner. If said Rebecca be
not living at my decease, then to my sister Ann Jesson for
ever. Executor : Rebecca Goade. Witnesses : Nicho. Red-
dish, Alexr Paxton, Thos. Hopkinson. Browne, 173.

Pennsylvania Gleanings in England. 315

MARGARET JOHN, widow, of parish of Morentoorey, County
of Merioneth. Will 2 May 1715 ; proved 26 October 1715.
The 500 acres of land in Pennsilvania left me by my Brother
William John, written title in the hands of my Nephew
Thomas Jones, to my three grandsons John, Owen, and
Robert Ellis. To my Granddaughter Jane Ellis 10s. To
my granddaughter Margaret Humphrey 10s. All the rest
to my grandsons and executors, John, Owen, and Robert
Ellis. Witnesses: Ellis Humphrey, Ellis John, Thomas
Humphrey Ellis, Robert Floyd. Fogg, 190.

DAVID FRANKS, formerly of Philadelphia in North
America, but now of Isleworth, County Middlesex, gentle-
man. Will 30 July 1785, proved 22 July 1794. A Sufficient
portion of my estate to be sold to discharge my funeral
expenses and debts. As I conceive my lands situate in
Pennsylvania, Virginia, Indiana, and in the Illinois Country,
and elsewhere, are sufficient to pay more than I owe, I give :
to my son Jacob Franks 800 acres of any lands I own, and
I give my son Jacob this preference to the rest of my chil-
dren as some atonement for his and his wife's very kind
attention to me. The rest, real as well as personal, among
my four children, Abigial Hamilton, the said Jacob Franks,
Moses Franks, and Rebecca Johnson, as tenants in common.
Executors : either jointly or separately, my two sons Jacob
and Moses and Mr. Tench Coxe of Philadelphia. Wit-
nesses : Wm Bradford, James Powney. Holman, 366.

JAMES CRAMOND, late of Philadelphia, North America,
Merchant, now of Powis Place, London, and now at Deal
in the county of Kent, and about to embark for New York
in the ship Ellice, Captain Harvey. Will 23 February
1796; proved 19 November 1799. To my mother Janet
Crammond of Tain, Rossshire, N. B., £50 per annum. To
my sister Naome Crammond £50 per annum. To my
Brother William Crammond of Philadelphia £50. To my
Brother Arthur Crammond of London and his wife £100.

316 Pennsylvania Gleanings in England.

To my Mother in law Mary Simmons Smith £30. To my
Brother in law Joshua Simmons Smith £30. To my sisters
in law Mary Simmons Smith and Sarah Simmons Smith
£30 each. To my friend Thomas Dickason Junior of Lon-
don, but now of Boston in North America, £30. All my
estate to be sold and placed out at interest in England or
America, the increase to be paid to my wife Ann Simmons
Cramond to the maintenance and education of my children.
If my son Allyn James Cramond attain twenty-two, he to
be paid £5000. My son James to be paid £5000 when he
attains twenty-two. If either die without issue, the other
to have £7500, and my wife to have £450 a year instead ot
£300. If they both die, my mother £100 a year for life,
my sister Naome £50 a year for life, and one-half to my
Brother William Cramond of Philadelphia, other half to my
Brother Arthur Cramond of London. Executors : my wife,
my Brother William, and my Brother in law Joshua Sim-
mons Smith. Codicil, same date, My wife being now preg-
nant, the child or children she bears to have equal share,
when twenty-two, with my two sons. Witnesses: James
Sharp, John Elliott. Howe, 766.

JOHN GEARY of Dunsley in the parish of Tring, County
Hertford, yeoman. Will 28 March 1696 ; proved 9 Decem-
ber 1696. To be buried as my friends John Foster-de-
Banke and Thomas Martin see fit. To my cozen Henry
Geary, younger son of my cozen Henry Geary of Wiggin-
ton, all my tenements, etc., in the parishes of Tring and
Wigginton, in the three manors of Tring and Wigginton and
Pendley, he paying for the use of Poor Friends of the
Tring meeting, commonly known as Quakers, the sum of
40s., and my friends John Foster de Banke and Thomas
Martin of Dancers end to pay out of the lands that was
lately Paynes, lying at Hastoe, parish of Tring, in occupa-
tion of William Kempton, to the poor of said parish, etc.
To my cozen Joseph Geary, son of my said cozen Henry,
House at Cheery trees, parish of Chesham, 5 acres of

Pennsylvania Gleanings in England. 317

meadow ground in Cotnam Mead, 2 acres of meadow in
Tring, he to pay to my sister Geary widow and relict of
my Brother Henry Geary £16 per annum. A close at
Woodrow parish of Tring of Wigginton called Horsley's to
my cozen Joseph Geary, son of my cozen Henry Geary, as
long as my said Sister Geary lives, and, after her decease,
to Joseph Geary, youngest son of my cousin John Geary.
To John Foster de Banke, in trust, my lands at Whelpley
Hill, parish of Chesham, to pay £6 per annum to my cosen
Mary Davy, and, after her, to go to Henry Geary, son ot
said Henry Geary, he to pay £10 to my cosen William
Davy, son of aforesaid Mary. To Phillis Atkins, widow,
£40, with the liberty of two rooms in the house I now dwell
in, with necessa*ry firewood for six months. To my cosen
Susan Reeve, wife of William Reeve, 40s. per annum. To
my cosen Edward Foster, son of my cosen William Foster,
Butcher, and to Martha, daughter of said William, £20
each. To my cozen John Surman £5. To my friend
Charles Harris, Senior, of High Wycombe, £20. To my
loving friend John Foster de Banke £6. To my loving
friend Thomas Martin £4. To my cozen Joseph Geary,
son of Henry Geary, £100 remaining in the hands ot
William Winlow and his son. To my cousin William
Davy five hundred acres of land in Pennsylvania for ever.
To my cozen Henry Geary the elder £10. To every child
of William Baker of Guildford, parish ot Stoake, Schu-
maker, one guinea each. Rest to Executor, Cozen Henry
Geary the younger. Witnesses : Ra: Dagnall, Wm. Lake,
Daniel Barton. Band, 249.

WILLIAM WADE, late of Westham, County Sussex, Yeo-
man. Will 24 August 1682; proved 28 October, 1682.
Being bound to Pennsilvania in America. To Philip Ford,
living in London in Bow Lane, Merchant, to be my exec-
utor, £10. To my Brother Edmund Wade £5. To my
Brother Thomas Wade £5. To my Brother Edmund
Wade's eldest sonne Edmund Wade £100. To my Brother

318 Pennsylvania Gleanings in England.

Edmund Wade's younger son Thomas Wade all my estate
in lands and goods in Pennsilvania in America, paying each
servant £5 when they have served their times out. To the
meeting at Asen £5 at Moscal Picknols and Moses French
and Samuel Webb's disposing, and what remains in Eng-
land to be divided between my two Brothers Edmund and
Thomas, except the £100 I have in the Sosiets Stocke
which is to be divided among my said Brother's children
Edmund and Thomas Wade. Witnesses : Daniell Marten,
John Epsley, Thomas Hollyman. Cottle,

JAMES BROWNE of Philadelphia, Province of Pennsylva-
nia. Will 8 March 1709/10; proved Philadelphia 8 July
1710. To my wife Sarah Browne the house I live in on
the west side of the Front Street in Philadelphia bounded
by Edward Church's house and Lot on the North, and by
John Stuart's lot on the west. All to my wife and her
heirs for ever. Executrix : my wife Sarah Browne. Wit-
nesses : Richard Heath, Richard Walker, John Baily. Ad-
ministrations granted 3 October 1749 to William Lead,
administrator of Sarah Lea formerly Browne. The said
Sarah Lea surviving the testator but dying without having
proved the will in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury.

Lisle, 808.

FRANCIS BROWN of Philadelphia, Pennsilvania. Will 29
July, 1728; proved 30 March 1738. My dear Friend
Robert Kirwan to take possession of all my books and
papers relating to the Moderate Head into his possession
to recover my debts. After my Creditors are paid the re-
mainder to go to Charitable uses. Executor : Robert Kir-
wan. Witnesses : John Richason, Edward Pleadwell. [In
Probate act appear Robert French a creditor of Francis
Browne late of the Maderas, but at Philadelphia, also father
Andrew Browne, Brother Andrew Browne, Sister Mary
Browne.] Brodripp, 57.

Pennsylvania Gleanings in England. 319

THOMAS CROUTCH of Agmunderham als Amersham, County
of Bucks, Maulster. Will 12 April 1687; proved 5 March
1701/2. To my wife Elizabeth the houses I Thomas Croutch
and my daughter in law Sarah Child, widow, live in, for life ;
after her death, to my daughter Frances Croutch for ever.
To my wife household goods, furniture, utensils, etc., and the
benefit of all my stocke for life. To my daughter Frances
all the money in the Stocke and Banke of the Society ot
Traders to Pennsilvania. To my two daughters Elizabeth
and Frances Croutch all my lands in West New Jersey in
America. To my daughter Elizabeth one piece of old gold
value 20s. To John Costard of Amersham mealman, Henry
Child of said Parish, yeoman £5 each to be disposed of as
I shall direct. *A11 the rest I leave to my daughter Frances
after the death of my wife Elizabeth. Executors: my
daughter Frances, Thomas Boringdon of Chesham Bay,
yeoman, and John Hunt of Agmundsham, maulster, and 3s.
each to Thomas and John for gloves. Witnesses : Richard
Russell, WilHam Hellam, Thomas Smith. Herne, 35.

(To be continued.)

320 David Edwin, Engraver.

DAVID EDWIN, ENGKAVEK.

BY MANTLE FIELDING.

Incompleteness seems to be the rock on which, in this
age, the collector or compiler on any special subject strikes
sooner or later, and to fully and completely cover any one
line of work is more difficult than appears at first sight.

Mr. Hildeburn's valuable work on the David Edwin en-
gravings seemed fairly complete at the time it was printed,
but in the eleven years since the date of its publication a
number of new portraits have turned up. I published
them recently as a supplement to his catalogue feeling
fairly confident that the list was practically complete, but
again I find some undescribed and important prints from
his graver that were overlooked or unknown to me. The
result has been that I have again canvassed every collection
of engravings within reach and consulted with all the col-
lectors or dealers having any new data on the subject.

David Edwin has always been considered one of the
most interesting of our early American engravers, combin-
ing, as he does, real artistic worth with historical interest in
his work. His engraved portraits will always hold the in-
terest of collectors from either stand-point, but it is to some
unusually fine^subject prints that I now want to call spe-
cial attention. Edwin has often been spoken of as the
" American Bartolozzi," and I must say it has seemed a
misnomer when his subject work was considered in compar-
ison with some of the finest examples of the beautiful subject
prints of the celebrated Italian-Englishman. Lately I have
found at least two examples of Edwin's work that may
well be compared with Bartolozzi's most beautiful work in
stipple. I refer to the membership certificate for the " So-
ciety for the Relief of Poor and Distressed Masters of Ships,
their Widows & Children/' also to the " Masonic Certificate."

David Edwin, Engraver. 321

In the first of these prints all the artistic and graceful com-
position that marks Bartolozzi's best work is well exempli-
fied in Edwin's work ; it also has a life and strength often
found lacking in the work of the great English stipple en-
graver. It seems most remarkable that I have not found
collectors who have seen these beautiful certificates which
are among the best of Edwin's subject engravings; in fact
I only know of one collection possessing both of them.
They were both printed in Philadelphia and were evidently
in use about the year 1804 to 1810.

PORTRAITS.

•

FISHER AMES.

Half length, seated, to left, holding a book, (under)
G. Stuart Pinx:— D. Edwin Sculp:/ Fisher Ames./ H.
4.12/16— W. 3.14/16". Rectangle.

NOTE. — Plate a close copy of print noted in Hildeburn's Catalogue.
Size of plate and width of border line show slight variation, and there
is a scroll after title.

REV. JOSEPH STEVENS BUCKMINISTER.

Same as No ... A Border line erased, plate reduced to
4.7/16"— W. 3.7/16", and relettered Stuart.— Edwin./ Your
aff. brother/ J. S. Buckminister./

THOMAS JEFFERSON.

Full length, left hand resting on top and front of globe,
which stands upon a table, with " The Declaration," books,
etc., right hand holding glove at side. Two books in
lower right, balustrade of four rails to left. Rectangle.
D. Edwin Fecit./ Published by G. Helmbold June 1801.
H. 20" : W. 13".

BENJAMIN MOORE.

Half length to left, robes. Book in hand. Bishop's
mitre and shield below. J. Jarvis Pinx* — D. Edwin
VOL. xxix. — 21

322 David Edwin, Engraver.

Sculp*/ The Eight Keverend Benjamin Moore, D. D./
Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the State
of New York./ New York, Published by J. V. Buskirk
1810./ H. 19.4/16": W. 15.8/16".

ALEXANDER PLACIDE.

Half length, in oval, to right. (Below) Edwin sc./ A.
Placide./ Height 4" : Width 3.3/8".

WILLIAM WIRT.

Bust, head to left in profile. Vig. on title " The/ Letters
of The/ British Spy./ (under) Edwin sc./ Baltimore./
Published by Fielding Lucas, jr./ Fry-Printer./ H.
2.8/16": W. 2.5/16".

SUBJECT PRINTS.

MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE.

Society for the Relief of Poor and Distressed Masters of
Ships, their Widows & Children.

Oval, on Tablet, surmounted by American Eagle and
shield. (In Oval) Sailors on rocks being rescued from
wreck. Flags at side, and at bottom of Oval, anchor and
spars. Seated female and children on the sides below the
flags.

(Under) J. J. Barralet, Del* D. Edwin fc* Six lines
under, in form of membership blank for society. Total
height 15.10/16". Total width 11.12/16". Stipple. Height
of Oval 9". Width of Oval 7.6/16".

NOTE. — The only impression of this engraving to my knowledge is in
the possession of the Philadelphia Masonic Temple. The certificate is
filled out in the name of " John E. McFarlane" and is dated January
6th, 1806.

MASONIC CERTIFICATE.

Description of Print. First the Great Eye of Providence
with the adorators ; one on each side of the Paschal Lamb,

David Edwin, Engraver. 323

and the zodiac equinox round the top, under the Sun,
Moon and Stars. On the right, is the figure of Faith ; on
the left, Hope with Prudence, and on the Clouds, three
infant geniuses. The first column Doric, with the ter-
restrial globe. The second, Ionic with the celestial globe ;
and the third, the Corinthian, with the Paschal Lamb on
the top; and at the bottom, the great ark of Alliance, with
the coffin, cross-bones and sprig of Cassia: on the right
the figure of Mathematics ; second, Astronomy ; third, the
great genius, and on the left, Charity. Second, a Mason
at work on the triangular stone, and the third, Wisdom, in
the attitude of silence.

(under) J. J. Barralet, del* D. Edwin Sculp*
Blank form in two columns, nine line under inscription.
Phil* Octob. I8.1 1804— Published by W? H? Abbott ac-
cording to Law. Height 18.7/8: Width 15. 3/8: Sub Height
13.2/8. Stipple, in sepia.

NOTE. — I know of only one example of this fine engraving by Edwin,
now in the Masonic Hall, Broad Street, Philadelphia.

AVENIA.

Frontispiece. Goddess of Liberty, in a melancholy atti-
tude, is seated under pillar of temple of Liberty, one foot
rests on Cornucopiae, slave ships with slaves landing, in
background. Eectangle. H. 4.3/16" : W. 2.15/16". Stip-
ple (above)

Frontispiece (under) Barralet del. — D. Edwin fc./ Pub-
lished in "The Penitential Tyrant; or, Slave Trader Re-
formed": New York 1807. Also in "Avenia: or, A
Tragical Poem" by Thomas Branagan. 12mo Phila. 1805.
And in " Eights of God, written for the Benefit of Man"
Phila., 1812. 12mo.

Isis MAGNA MATER.

Drawing. — Plate TV. I Isis Magna Mater./ D. Edwin
sc./ From a Bust in the Collection of Charles Townly EsqV

324 David JEdwin, Engraver.

SACRED HARMONY.

Vignette of Music Book and Harp decorated with gar-
lands supported by two Angels who hold aloft scroll in-
scribed " Laus — Deo" in clouds, with diverging rays.
Above ; Sacred Harmony/ below ; Volozan Del. — D. Edwin
Sculp./ Vignette 7.8 x 7.

(This is said to be the first work executed by Edwin in
the United States.)

EDINBURGH ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Vignette of Time holding mirror in which young girl is
arranging her hair. To right cupid with globe. Vig-
nette & Writing. Design'd by G. Fairman F. S. A."/ on
title page of Parker & Delaplaine's./

American Edition/ of the/ New Edinburgh Encyclo-
paedia/ (11 lines) Philadelphia/ (n.d.)

EDINBURGH ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Same as No .... Publisher's line altered to " Whiting
& Watson's" and place to "New York."

BASSO RELIEVO.

Basso Relievo. — Plate I./ An Egyptian Hieroglyphical
Sphinx./ 1/2 — Hindu Basso Relievo — British Museum. /3.
(not lettered) D. Edwin Sculp./

EMPORIUM OF ARTS & SCIENCES.

Vignette of winged female figure bearing globe, Genii ol
Chemistry, Sculpture and another.

The/ Emporium/ Of Arts & Sciences/ New Series — Vol-
ume I/ Conducted/ By/ Thomas Cooper Esqy/ (&c. &c. 3
lines)/ Des? by G. Fairman Edwin Sc . ./ Phila-
delphia/ Published by Kimber & Richardson/ 1813.

David Edwin, Engraver. 325

THE LADY OF THE LAKE.

Female figure standing in bow of boat under tree. Reck
angle, border line 1/32 (under) G. Fairman del. — D.

Edwin sc./

Then safe tho fluttered and amazed,/
She paused and on the stranger gazed./

Canto 1. — Stanza XX./ Published by Joseph Gushing
Baltimore/ Eectangle. H. 2.11/16"— W. 2".

Scott's Poetical works. Vol. 4. Baltimore 1813.

THE LADY OF THE LAKE.
.... Publisher's name altered to " P. H. Nicklin."

HOWE'S LETTERS.

Angel in clouds and reclining female figure, oval, with
torch, lyre &c above, in irregular rectangle. Title on tab-
let beneath. Howe's Letters/ (3 lines)/ D. Edwin sc./
Published by E. Johnson./ H. 4.11/16"— W. 2.8/16".

326 Some Correspondence of Dr. James McHenry.

SOME CORRESPONDENCE OF DR. JAMES MoHENRY.

BY BERNARD C. STEINER.

SIR

Your letter I received & thank you for it — It will no
doubt have a good effect, tho' I fear a disposition to seem
saving for the purpose of popularity, may have a share in
preventing the passing of the Bill at last sitting — I am sur-
prised at the lowness of the prices, considering the advanced
price of copper. I imagine the weight of metal now used,
is not equal to what was formerly adopted, but if it is upon
the principle of economy, it is proper, & diminishing the
weight, diminishes the difficulty of transportation, tho' the
range of shot is diminished also. I hope we shall make up
for the last by advancing briskly, if we have to engage the
monsters Myrmidons, but if they were prisoners, as those of
Peleus are said once to have been, I should like to have a
broadfoot for them, if ever we get among them. I hope
Peggy Baches understrappers have not yet patched up the
peace of Radstat. I would much rather hear she was
wealthy enough to do without them & they were all gone to
France to fight for liberty & equality, like their relations
below. Old Doctor Nesbit of Carlile, was teazed by his
congregation to say what he thought of the French Revolu-
tion, but cunning enough to reserve his opinion 'til he
should see it in a more advanced stage, he then said he had
formed an opinion upon a gude wife's dream. Inquisitive
to know they begged him to relate it, and after telling them
they should have it as he had it, he said she dreamt that she
was in Hell, & after knocking & knocking at the gate out
came his Satanic Majesty himsel — Indeed said she, I was
frightened, but thinking to make the best o't as I was in his
pour, I asked him if he had no imp or understrapper 'til
open the gate that he maun do't himself — Imp or under-

S<me Correspondence of Dr. James McHenry. 327

strapper, woman, said the Deel — Na the're a gone to France
to fight for liberty & equality —

I wonder if Buonoparte is not a mummy e'er this ! If
he and his troops were all mummies & again in France, the
Directory would sell them over again to fill their exhausted
military chest. We are told by Heroditus or somebody
else, that the ancient Egyptians never lent money but upon
the hypothecation of the mummies of the borrower's an-
cestors— What a glorious thing the Directory in the case
stated would think it, if they could borrow upon the like
pledges, of the present Egyptians ! Why Sir, they would
send army after army to embalm one another, notwithstand-
ing Sir Horatio, with his one arm has embalmed so many
in the mud of "the Nile — Mr. Rutherfurd has resigned from
bad health & to be sure of my man, I yesterday commis-
sioned Genl. Davenport 'til the Legislature meets. It is
difficult to get good men to go for less than 2 months, & I
wished not to give preference to future candidates. Mr.
Davenport is elected a member of next Congress & there-
fore I prevailed upon him to go as he would not be a can-
didate for Senate — Mrs. Howell joins in compliments to
your good lady and family & I am with much

Respect Sir, your very humble sevt.

R'D. HOWELL

Could not Mr. Perkins yourself & ladies slip off some Sat-
urday in a sleigh & dine with us ?
TRENTON, Deer. 6th. 1798.

PHILADELPHIA April 14th — 1794
MY DEAR SIR

I have recently returned from the Eastern Shore, where

I was for a few days Congress have been taken for some

days in this Discussion of a Motion for Non-Importation &C
&C — this Day the question will probably be taken in our
House will I expect be carried, I rather think it will fail in

the Senate The Eastern Members are pretty generally

opposed to every Measure, which they think may in it's

328 Some Correspondence of Dr. James Me Henry.

consequences involves Us in a War, unless preceded by
Negociation, which they contend ought to be the first Step,
that failing, they say they will then heartily & vigorously
unite in whatever may be thought best to obtain Redress
for the Injuries & Spoliations committed by the British on
American Property, their ideas are that We ought in the
first Place to Send a Special Envoy to the British Court
for the purpose of stating our wrongs & demanding Satisfac-
tion, Should this be refused they will join in a War, if
different Measures are pursued & War Should be the Con-
sequence, it may be collected from their Speeches that the
Eastern People would not heartily cooperate, they therefore
wish that Some Accommodation might take place in the
House, as Unanimity would be essential in Such an Event
for the general Good

The Accounts we receive of the Conduct of the British
in the West Indies are so varied that We know not what

to believe Report says a Person will Shortly sail to

the West Indies for the purpose of obtaining the most accu-
rate & perfect Information of the Spoliations committed on
American Property, I wish He had been there & now on
his Return.

The Embargo I believe will be continued, & think it will

probably be acted upon in our House this Day.

Yrs. Sincerely &C

WM. HINDMAN
THE HONBLE
JAMES MCHENRY
BALTIMORE

PHILADELPHIA Deer. 17th. 1794.
MY DEAR SIR

I received your kind Favor of the 13th. & receive much
Pleasure in learning Mr. Henry will probably be re-
elected

The Reports which You have requested shall be pro-
cured if practicable.

Congress have no knowledge whatever of the Result ol

Some Correspondence of Dr. James Me Henry. 329

Mr. Jay's Mission I believe that He has or will obtain all

that this Country can rightfully ask Nothing new

I have still a bad cold

Yrs. Sincerely &c

WM. HlNDMAN.

THE HONBLE
JAMES MCHENRY
ANNAPOLIS.

PITTSBURG August 1st. 1809
MY DEAR ANNA

My absence will be but short, being limited to about 10
or 12 days, five of which I spend in Pittsburg. This is a
beautiful little place situated on a point of land whose shores
are washed on* one aide by the Monongehela and on the
other by the Alleghany river which unite at Pitt and form
the Ohio river. From divers hills which surround the town
there are delightful prospects that afford the greatest degree
of pleasure to one whose eye particularly feasts on the works
of Nature and Art combined. From some of these points
you may behold the Alleghany river winding most beauti-
fully through the distant forests and finally losing itself in
the bed of the Ohio. This beautiful stream is so rapid as
to repel the waters of the Monongahela, whose depth ex-
ceeds greatly that of the Alleghany, and thus of course it
must contribute principally to the forming of the Ohio.

The town is surrounded with pits which afford coal equal
to any imported from Liverpool. As yet I have not been
to visit these pits but I intend it tomorrow. There are
several manufactories of green and white flint glass which
are certainly superior to our Baltimore glass houses. There
is also a machine for picking, carding, spinning and wind-
ing cotton turned by a single horse who treads in a vertical
wheel of at least 30 feet diameter. The town contains also
a steam grist mill which I have not yet seen at work. I have
been on the ground where Gen Grant was defeated on his
march to storm Fort Duquesne. This I have also seen.
On my way to this place I passed the place where Gen

330 Some Correspondence of Dr. James Me Henry.

Washington; then a major, capitulated. I am also within
9 miles of the place where Gen. Braddock was defeated by
the Indians. You see since I left you I have become a
great traveller. I have already been in three States, 10
counties and 14 towns. At Uniontown Pennsylvania there
is a papermill turned by the Monongehela river. The water
wheel is at 150 feet distance from the mill.

JAMES MCHENRY.
MRS. JAMES L. BOYD.
BALTIMORE
MARYLAND.

Genealogical Records of the Marshall Family, 1787-1839. 331

GENEALOGICAL KECOKDS OF THE MAESHALL
FAMILY OF LEWES, DELAWAEE, 1737-1839.

CONTRIBUTED BY REV. 0. H. B. TURNER.

[Extracts from a Bible belonging to Jacob Marshall of Lewes, Dela-
ware, which was printed in London by Charles Bill, and the Executrix
of Thomas Newcomb, deceased, Printers to the King and Most Excel-
lent Majesty, Anno Dom. 1698.]

Jacob Marshall, the son of Jacob Marshall and Mary
Wovs, born April 9, 1737, at three o'clock in the morning,
Sunday.

Isaac Marshall, the son of Jacob Marshall and Mary
Wovs, was born in the year 1738, September 27, on
Thursday.

Abraham Marshall, the son of Jacob Marshall and Mary
Wovs, was born in the year 1741, on February the fourth
day about one o'clock hi the morning on Thursday.

Bathsheba Marshall, the daughter of Jacob Marshall and
Mary Wovs, was born in the year 1743, on December the
25, about four o'clock in the morning, on Sunday.

Moses Marshall, the son of Jacob Marshall and Mary
Wovs, was born March the seventh day, 1745, on Friday,
about seven o'clock in the morning.

William Marshall, the son of Jacob Marshall and Mary
Wovs, was born in March 1748, on the 28th day, about ten
o'clock at night on Monday.

November 31, 1751, John Marshall was born, the son of
Jacob Marshall and Mary, Monday at three o'clock in the
morning.

332 Genealogical Records of the Marshall Family, 1737-1839.

Mary, daughter of Jacob and Mary Marshall, born
November 12, 175-.

Aaron Marshall, the son of Jacob Marshall and Mary
Marshall, was born 7 July, 1758.

29 December, 1757, Elizabeth Davis was born, the daugh-
ter of Samuel and Elizabeth Davis. And departed this life
10 July 1828, aged seventy years and six months and twelve
days ; was married to Aaron Marshall Senr on the seven-
teenth day of February, 1780.

Jacob Marshall, the son of Aaron Marshall and Elizabeth
Marshall, was born 27 December 1780, at 15 minutes apast
1 o'clock in the morning.

Samuel Marshall, the son of Aaron Marshall and Elizabeth
Marshall was born November the . . . th day, 1782, about 6
o'clock in the morning.

Moses Marshall, the son of Aaron Marshall and Elizabeth
Marshall, was born the 15th day of November, 1784, on Fri-
day, about 11 o'clock in the morning.

Martha Marshall, the daughter of Aaron Marshall and
Elizabeth Marshall, was born the 29 day of August 1786,
about 11 o'clock in the morning.

16 November, 1788, was born Mary Marshall, the daugh-
ter of Aaron Marshall and Elizabeth Marshall.

30 December, 1790, was born Aaron Marshall, the son of
Aaron Marshall and Elizabeth Marshall, on Thursday about
7 o'clock in the morning.

20 April, 1793, was born Davis Marshall, the son of Aaron
Marshall and Elizabeth Marshall, on Saturday night, about
10 o'clock.

Genealogical Records of the Marshall Family, 1737-1839. 333

22 February, 1796, was born Hester Marshall, the daugh-
ter of Aaron Marshall and Elizabeth Marshall.

15 August, 1796, Hester Marshall, the daughter of Aaron
Marshall and Elizabeth Marshall, departed this life.

29 August, 1797, was born Isaac Marshall, the son of
Aaron Marshall and Elizabeth Marshall, and departed this
life in one month and one night after.

22 October, 1798, was born Elizabeth Marshall, the
daughter of Aaron Marshall and Elizabeth Marshall, and
departed this life three weeks after.

Jacob Marshall, the son of Aaron Marshall and Elizabeth
Marshall, departed this life the 1'* day of September, 1800.

Jacob Marshall, the son of Aaron Marshall and Elizabeth
Marshall was born April 9th 1801, about 9 o'clock at night.

John Marshall, the son of Aaron Marshall and Elizabeth
Marshall, was born November the seventh 1805, before
breakfast.

Aaron Marshall Sen', died July 18th 1839, over 81 years
old. Entered by his grand-son Samuel Marshall.

1 June, 1766, Abraham Marshall was born, the son 01
Isaac Marshall and Hannah Marshall.

William Marshall, the son of John Marshall and Elizabeth
Marshall was born November, . . day, 1774, on Friday.

334 Letters of John Paul Jones, 1780.

LETTEKS OF JOHN PAUL JONES, 1780.

John Paul Jones to Robwt Morris.1
Confidential

L'ORIENT Nov. 8, 1780.
DEAR SIR,

I had the honor to write you a line the 26, ult. by the
Independence of Philadelphia — Dr. Franklin has been laid
up with the Gout so as to disenable him to write me since
my return here. — I am in hourly expectation of Letters from
the New Minister of the Marine respecting some Plans I
had the honor to lay before Government in May last. —
Comte De Maurepas has written me a very kind Letter
approving my Ideas and I hope the new Minister being a
Man of Publick spirit will adopt either my Project or some
other of greater importance, whereby I may more effectually
serve the American Flag and our Common Cause. — "We are
taking in the Lower Masts of the Ariel, and that little ship
will soon be again ready for Sea. — "We understand Captain
Barry is appointed to command the Alliance, and my
Friends here tell me the new 74 Gun Ship, called the
America, at Portsmouth will be reserved for me. — If Con-
gress think me worthy of the honor of Commanding the
first Ship of the Line in the Service, I shall be deeply and
most gratefully impressed with a sense of that confidence,
and do my Best to merit it. — By Letters from Boston it
seems Captain Landais and the officers quarreled on the
Passage, and they took from him the Command and carried
him to Boston a Prisoner ! If Congress sit still and suffer
this to pass without inflicting a most exemplary punish-
ment, there will be an end to all order, and no good officer
will risque his reputation in the service. — We are told a
Court of inquiry was ordered to be held on the officers : —
But who are the Men authorized to sit on that Court ? —
I have seen such Courts chiefly composed of mere sailors &
Fishermen. — I have been present where the President of a

1 Etting Collection of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

Letters of John Paul Jones, 1780. 335

Court Martial was so ignorant as to be unable to Read the
Oath he attempted to administer to the Members without
spelling and making Blunders ! — A general reform is indis-
pensible in the Navy. The great Mass of the officers were
never intended by Nature to fill such important Places ; and
what I have said from the beginning has proved true : —
They cannot support their rank either with honor to them-
selves or their Country. — Our Navy has not only been put
into Bad hands, but it has been unwisely employed. It has
served to enrich a few ignorant individuals, and has done
almost nothing for our Cause. If my feeble voice is heard
when I return to Philadelphia our Navy matters will assume
better Face. The formation of the American Navy is an
Object of the highest importance, and can never be effected
by Men who are ignorant of the Business. — It is not the
first time that attempts have been made to confine the Cap-
tain of a Continental Ship and usurp the Command. — They
pretend Captain Landais was Mad : — But if that be true, I
say, he did not become Mad on the Passage between France
and Boston. If he was formerly Mad, which is perhaps the
fairest way to account for his Conduct while under my
Command; How will these officers and Mr. Lee at their
Head, justify their having been in Mutiny to replace him in
the command of the Alliance a few Days before that Frigate
sailed from France for America ? These Acts are New in
the World, and are too glaring to be hush'd up.

I am ever with the highest Esteem and Respect
Dear Sir your most obliged

and most humble servant

JNO P. JONES.

THE HONORABLE ROBERT MORRIS ESQB.

John Paul Jones to the Honor abk Wm. Carmichael.1

L'ORIENT, August 22* 1780.

I received my Dear Friend, your welcome Letter of the
1 7th ult, that came inclosed to Ross. — It is doubly welcome
1 The Dreer Collection of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

336 Letters of John Paul Jones, 1780.

to me, because when you wrote it you had a right to sup-
pose me to be rather disgusted at the extraordinary events
that had taken place here. — I can assure you however that
meeting with little difficulties by the Way, will never be
able to make me forsake the Road of Honor and publick
Virtue. — I wish to prove myself no Mock Patriot ; and per-
haps Fortune could not favor me more than by such oppor-
tunities as I have lately met with. An honest man has re-
courses within him, that knaves are strangers to. — But I have
indeed little reason to complain, and many reasons to be
satisfied. I have attained the particular esteem and attach-
ment of the first and best Characters of this Kingdom —
Friendships the most precious that will be mine through
Life, — Within these few Days I have received from his
Majesty a Sword that is superbe indeed, with this Inscription
on the Blade "Vindicati Maris, Ludovicus XYI Remu-
nerator Strenuo Vindici." Such a present from such a
Prince would do Honor to the greatest Admiral in History. —
It is the first Sword, except the Common kind, that his Maj-
esty has bestowed. — I have received at the same time the
strongest and kindest Letter that can be imagined from the
Minister, in his Majesties l^ame, expressing his entire appro-
bation of my Conduct, with his particular personal esteem. —
This Letter is accompanied with two others : The one, the
strongest Letter of Recommendation in my favor that is pos-
ible to the President of Congress ; the other to the Chevr de
La Luzerne, containing the Cross and Institution of Military
Merit, that his Majesty destines for me, and orders his Minis-
ter to invest me with after asking and obtaining the per-
mission of Congress on my arrival in America. — This last is
an honor that has never before been offered to any Man who
had not actually served either in the JSTavy or Army of
France. — I have been to Blame in not writing to you since
I was honored with your favor from Cadiz — But I was
waiting to have got previous possession of your Packet by
M. Gerarde — It had not come to hand when I took an un-
intended Journey from hence to Paris in April ; and I made

Letters of John Paul Janes, 1780. 337

my ineffectual applications to Gerard — who said he had sent
the Packet to Grand, and Grand constantly affirmed he had
never received it. — Since that time till this moment I have
been on the Wing, and constantly thought my departure
near. Besides, I fully expected to hear from you in con-
sequence of my Letter to you of March 4th. But as you
take no notice of that Letter, I am in doubt whether you
have received it, and therefore now enclose a Copy. — There
is I understand a Board of Admiralty at last appointed. —
This ought to have been done long ago and a general reform
should have been made, but as we have now lost, I may say,
all our Navy, the Board will certainly know whom they
employ in future. — The affair of Charlestown is too Bad, in
any light in wliich I have yet heard of its being placed. —
I mean with respect to the defence by Sea : — As to the de-
fence by Land, or the Wisdom or Folly of suffering the
Troops to be Cooped up in the Town, I shall not pretend to
Judge. 364 must 406, 868, that 14 has done 514 harm at
820 by forcing a Correspondence with 819 in which he has
ungratefully asserted that 298 has broken her 28 with 32

He has now gone to 354 as he says to do good ; but as I
fear to attempt farther Mischief: — For he told myself in
May that if the 28 was not soon finished Mr Jay would find
himself disappointed — it would be too late. — I need not
recommend to you the utmost exertion to prevent the
farther success of that Wicked and Conceited Upstart. — If
742 would now declare for 32 the Cabal would fall to
nothing and those tools of the 244 would be immediately
sent to the Devil. I am now nearly on the point of leaving
Europe. On my arrival in America I will endeavour to
state the behaviour of that Fellow in a true light so as to
prevent his doing the States farther Mischief — Every good
Citizen must resent his abuse of publick confidence. — Write
me my Friend to Philadelphia. — Tell me freely and openly
how I can be useful to the Glorious Cause in which I
VOL. xxix. — 22

338 Letters of John Paul Jones, 1780.

embarked at the beginning; but, being an officer, I must be
allowed to keep clear of Party or Cabal. — At the same time
when I see Upstarts making a misuse of the powers and
publick confidence with which they are wrongly entrusted,
I cannot pass over their perfidy in silence. — Present my best
respects to Mr & M" Jay. — From the Amiable Character I
have had of that Lady I have a great ambition to be ranked
among the number of her Friends. — I cannot conclude this
Letter without expressing my earnest wish to hear of your
being on terms of confidential Friendship with Bancroft. —
You know his great abilities and I am much mistaken if he
has not a great and good Heart. — There is no Man alto-
gether perfect. — you must consider that he has been neg-
lected by Congress. — If therefore he thinks his friends in
that great Council have not supported him as he expected,
I would not, in your place, be too nice in insisting on having
done as much as was possible. — In the present Moment he
appears to give up all Idea of publick employment. — I love
you both, and would have you as formerly, to continue
Friends. — I am ever with the most affectionate regard My
dear Sir

Your faithful Friend

and most humble servant

JNO. P. JONES.
THE HON.BLB

WILLIAM CARMICHAEL &c. Madrid.

Wiltbank Family fiecord. 339

WILTBANK FAMILY EECOKD.

[Copied from Wiltbank Bible, in possession of St. Peter's Church,
Lewes, Delaware.]

Judge John Wiltbank, departed this life, 1792

Mary Wiltbank wife of John Wiltbank, departed this life,
1795

Cornelius Wiltbank son of Judge John and Mary Wiltbank
died 9 November, 1813

Ann Wiltbank, wife of Cornelius Wiltbank, departed this
life 9 April, 1801.

Esther Wiltbank wife of Cornelius Wiltbank, departed this
life, 1 November, 1802

John Wiltbank, son of Cornelius and Ann Wiltbank was
born 23 January, 1795; married Eliza Pay nter, A.D.
1817; died 13 February, 1830

Cornelius Wiltbank, son of John and Mary Wiltbank, de-
parted this life 9 November, 1813

Ann Hudson, wife of Henry Hudson, and daughter of Cor-
nelius and Ann Wiltbank, departed this life 24 January,
1812.

Mary Metcalf, wife of Thomas Metcalf, and daughter of Cor-
nelius and Ann Wiltbank, departed this life 29 October,
1814.

Thomas Metcalf, son of Jehu and Esther Metcalf, departed
this life, 1 November, 1814 (He survived his loving
wife only two weeks)

Robert Wiltbank, son of Cornelius and Ann Wiltbank, de-
parted this life on Sunday, the 22 January, 1815, at
the house of his grandfather, Judge John Wiltbank,
"Dover," Delaware was buried at the family burial
ground on Wednesday, 25 January, 1815, (at Tower
Hill Farm near Lewes).

340 Wiltbank Family Record.

John Wiltbank, son of Cornelius and Ann Wiltbank, de-
parted this life on Saturday morning, 13 February,
1830, aged thirty-five years, twenty-one days. Sermon
delivered by Rev. John Mitchell from Luke 12, 37.
Buried in Family Ground near Lewes.

John and Eliza Wiltbank's first son was born 5 September,
1818; and departed this life 15th of the same month.

Samuel Paynter Wiltbank, son of John and Eliza Wiltbank
was born 19 April, 1820

John Cornelius Wiltbank, son of John and Eliza Wiltbank
was born on Tuesday, 15 July, 1823

Alfred Stockley Wiltbank, son of John and Eliza Wiltbank,
was born on Saturday, 12 September, 1829

John Cornelius Wiltbank, departed this life 9 September,
1829

Alfred Stockley Wiltbank and Hannah Richards Wolfe
were married by Rev. John L. M'Kim, 28 January, 1852

Samuel Rowland, John Paynter and Alfred Stockley, chil-
dren of Alfred S. and Hannah R. Wiltbank, all died in
infancy

Frank Comly Wiltbank, son of Alfred and Hannah R. Wilt-
bank was born 9 July, 1859

Alfred Stockley Wiltbank, M.D. son of John and Eliza
Wiltbank, departed this life 7 August, 1860

Comly J. Wiltbank M.D. departed this life 23 December,
1886.

Samuel Paynter Senr. was born 20 October, 1736

Samuel Paynter, son of Samuel Paynter Senr, was born 25

August, 1768

Elizabeth Rowland was born 9 December, 1779
Samuel Paynter Junr. and Elizabeth Rowland were married
by the Rev. James Wiltbank, at the house of Mr Cor-
nelius Wiltbank, on Wednesday, 16 March, 1796, at
four o'clock. That and the next day were remarkably
stormy days, but it is hoped that prudence and economy
may render the married life a happy one.

Wiltbank Family Record. 341

Mary Paynter, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Paynter,
was born

Mary Paynter and Simon K. Wilson, M.D. were married.

Samuel I Wilson, son of Simon K. Wilson, and Mary Payn-
ter was born July 1820; died in 1849.

Mary P. Wilson, wife of Simon K. Wilson, M.D., and
daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Paynter, departed
this life 12 November, 1820

Eliza Paynter, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Paynter,
was born 8 December, 1798; died 14 November, 1857,
at Lewes, Delaware

John Wiltbank and Eliza Paynter were married by the Rev.
James Wiltbank, on Thursday, 7 August, 1817

Samuel Rowfand Paynter, son of Samuel and Elizabeth
Paynter, was born

Sarah Paynter, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Paynter,
died 10 August, 1820.

John Parker Paynter, son of Samuel and Elizabeth

Alfred Stockley Paynter, son of Samuel and Elizabeth
Paynter, died aged five years.

Elizabeth Paynter, wife of Samuel Paynter, departed this
life 10 November, 1820, aged forty years

Samuel Paynter departed this life on 2 October, 1845 in the
78th year of his age.

" With unfeigned regret that we announce the death
of Ex Governor Samuel Paynter at his residence at the
Dracot Bridge, Sussex County Delaware, on the 2nd inst
in the seventy-eighth year of his age" — Delaware
Journal October 1845

Comly I Wiltbank was baptized by the Rev. Walter Frank-
lin at St. Peter's Church, Lewes, Delaware, 4 August,
1844, making the seventh generation baptized in that
church; Sponserd his great-grandfather Ex Governor
Paynter of Delaware and grandmother, Eliza P. Wilt-
bank. He was born 12 May, 1844

J. Comly Jones married, 10 September, 1821 by the Rev.
Mr Meyer, Mary Hillborn, daughter of Joseph and
Rachel Roberts

342 Wiltbank Family Record.

Rachel Roberts Jones, daughter of Comly and Mary H.

Jones was born 7 May, 1824
Samuel Paynter Wiltbank was married to Rachel Roberts

Jones 4 August, 1842, by the Right Reverend Bishop

H. M. Onderdonck
Mary Elizabeth Wiltbank, daughter of Samuel Paynter and

Rachel Roberts Wiltbank, was born 1 August
Died at Philadelphia on the 10th day of June, 1845, J. Comly

Jones aged forty-nine years
Died on the 23rd February, 1850, Charles B. Jones in the

seventeenth year of his age
Died on 7 June, 1860, Mary R. Jones, in the nineteenth

year of her age
Died in Philadelphia on 7 August, 1860 Dr A. S. Wiltbank

of Lewes, Delaware

Rev. John Martin Mack's Visit to Onondaga, 1752. 343

EBV. JOHN MARTIN MACK'S NARRATIVE OF A
VISIT TO ONONDAGA IN 1752.

BY JOHN W. JORDAN.

[JOHN MARTIN MACK, for twenty years a Moravian missionary
among the Indians, was born April 13, 1715, at Leysingen, in Wurttem-
berg. In 1735 he accompanied the Moravian colony to Georgia, where
he remained until 1740, when he was transferred to Pennsylvania,
where he assisted at the building of the Whitefield school, on the
"Barony of Nazareth," and was one of the founders of Bethlehem.
Two months after attending the * ' Pennsylvania Synod" at Germantown,
in January of 1742, he was appointed assistant in the mission among the
Mohican Indians at Shecomeco, New York. On September 14 he mar-
ried Jeannette, ^daughter of John Rau, of "The Oblong," and her
knowledge of the Mohawk and Delaware dialects rendered her an effi-
cient assistant in the mission. In October he accompanied Count Zin-
zendorf on his visitation to the Indians of the Wyoming Valley and
upper Susquehanna. The following year Mack was transferred to the
mission at Pachgatgoch, in Connecticut. In April of 1746 he com-
menced the settlement at Gnadenhutten, on the Mahoning, — the first
Moravian Indian village in Pennsylvania, — where his wife died in 1749,
and which was the field of his labors until 1755. During this interval
he visited the Indian villages on the Susquehanna yearly, and in 1752
accompanied David Zeisberger and C. Godfrey Rundt to Onondaga,
where they were to perfect themselves in the dialects of the Five Nations.
Mack's narrative of their journey thither, and his return, follows this
introduction. In 1756 he visited the Moravian tract in North Caro-
lina, and on his return to Pennsylvania the year following, he com-
menced the Indian village of Nain, near Bethlehem. From 1760-1761
he was again in charge of the mission at Pachgatgoch. In 1762 Mack
was appointed Superintendent of the mission in the Danish West Indies,
and while on a visit to Bethlehem in 1770, was consecrated a Bishop.
Deceased on Santa Cruz, January 9, 1784. A portrait of the old mis-
sionary by Haidt is in the Archives at Bethlehem.]

Saturday, August 1%. — We came this afternoon to Wil-
liam's Fort,1 a Maqua town, where many Indians live, who

1 The necessity of fortifying this Pass was pointed out for the first time
in October, 1736, by a number of Indian traders who petitioned the As-
sembly to erect a fort at " the Carrying Place at the upper end of Mo-
hawk River." When Fort Williams was erected has not been ascer-

344 Rev. John Martin Mack's Visit to Onondaga,

were baptized by a minister of the church of England, by
name Ogilby.1 "We found but few at home. Conrad Weis-
ser's son resided here last summer to learn their language.1
"We stayed here but a short time, and then went some miles
further, and came to a Low Dutchman, where we had very
good lodgings.

Sunday, August 18. — We were obliged to rest all day.

Monday, August 1£. — We started on our journey again to-
day in good spirits. In the afternoon we left the Low
Dutch, and entered the High Dutch settlements,3 and con-
tinued through a severe thunder-storm to within eight miles
of Canajoharie, and lodged with a German.

Tuesday, August 15. — We set out early, but found walk-
ing difficult owing to the rain of yesterday, and at 8 o'clock
reached Canajoharie,4 a Maqua Indian town, where Bro.
David and Post were arrested seven years ago, and carried
to prison in New York.6 Bro. David showed us the house

tained. In March of 1756, it was garrisoned by one hundred and fifty
men with four cannons and commanded by Capt. Williams. Later in
the year it was destroyed by Gen. Webb on his famous flight from
Wood Creek. It was succeeded in 1758 by Fort Stanwix, and finally by
the present city of Rome, Oneida County, N. Y.

1 Eev. John Ogilvie was a native of New York, and a graduate ot
Yale College. Being a Dutch scholar, he was appointed to the Mohawk
mission in 1748. Subsequently he succeeded the Rev. Henry Barclay
as rector of Trinity Church, New York city. Deceased November 26,
1774.

3 Samuel Weisser, born April 25, 1735.

* Dutch settlements were scattered along the Mohawk River, and num-
bered from thirty to one hundred families in each.

4 An Indian word meaning, "the pot that washes itself." It was an
Iroquois town situated on the right bank of the river Mohawk, in what
is now Montgomery County, N. Y. , and on the site of the present town
of the same name. It was sometimes called " Hunter's Field."

5 In March of 1745, Zeisberger and Christian Frederic Post, one of the
most adventurous missionaries to the Indians, being desirous of perfect-
ing themselves in the Mohawk language, were, while on their way to
the Indian towns, arrested because they had no passes, and also unjustly
accused of being in sympathy with the French. They were released on
April 10.

Rev. John Martin Mack's Visit to Onondaga, 1752. 345

in which they then lodged. Very few Indians were to be
seen, but we learned subsequently, that they were in the
castle, (which was built during the last war) half a mile
from the town.1 We also learned that a minister preaches
to them in English through an interpreter.2 We did not
stay here long, but continued for eight miles through the
woods until noon, when we came to the Great Falls, where
the settlements again commence. In the afternoon we
crossed over the river, which was much swollen by the
rain. Here we met about one hundred Indians, mostly
from Anajot3 and Cayuga,4 who live at present in these
parts and dig roots,5 which are very good in all kinds of
sickness. The Indians sell them to the people hereabouts,
or exchange them for goods with the traders who come
from Albany. Towards evening we left the river and
lodged with an Irishman who has a German wife. We
had not been here long, before five Oneidas arrived and
stayed all night. Bro. David [Zeisberger] talked with them
a long time.

Wednesday, August 16. — Early this morning we continued
our journey, and about 10 o'clock reached the last house be-

1 Fort Canajoharie was situated at the side of the Mohawk Kiver, on
the right bank. It was built of upright pickets joined together with
lintels. Small cannon were in position in each bastion. Five or six
families of Mohawks resided outside of the fort.

2 John Christopher Hartwick, who was born in Saxe-Gotha, January
6, 1714. He was sent to America to take charge of some Palatine con-
gregations at Albany and Dutch ess Counties, N. Y. Labored succes-
sively in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and New England. He was
the founder of the Hartwick Seminary, N. Y. Deceased July 16, 1796.

8 Anajot, Tuscarora County, N. Y. It was the capital of the Oneidas,
of the Six Nations, and is called Onnejoust in a French account of Fron-
tenac's expedition against the Onondaga Indians written in 1696. It
was on the main trail from Albany to Onondaga, two days' journey from
Wyoming, Pa.

4 The capital of the Cayugas of the Six Nations. It stood on the site
of the present town of the same name, on the eastern shore of Lake Ca-
yuga, in Cayuga County, N. Y.

6 Kalondaggouh, the Indian word for ginseng.

346 Rev. John Martin Mack's Visit to Onondaga,

tween here and Onondaga where we found many Indians.
From here our path is altogether through the woods. The
man that lives here is a German, and was quite civil to us.
His people were very anxious to know whither we were
going, and the object of our visit to Onondaga. The In-
dians, too, asked us the same questions, whereupon Bro.
David told them. After being here half an hour the In-
dians that we met yesterday arrived, and with them the
chiefs of the Oneidas. They talked with us too, and we
felt that something would take place here, but we knew not
what. We heard that a large party of Indians lay drinking
near the river side about a half mile from here, and near
where we must cross ; it being impossible for us to cross
anywhere else, owing to the great mountains on both sides.
We finally determined to remain here and see how it
would go.

In the afternoon a chief came to us and inquired as to
our business in Onondaga. Bro. David told him the whole
object, but he did not seem satisfied, and left us. During
the evening the chief of the Oneidas, and a Seneca came,
and began by saying, that they heard that we were going to
Onondaga, and then asked us our business there. Bro.
David replied : " Two years ago Gallichwio1 and he visited
Onondaga, and made a proposition to the Council, which
he believed they must have heard, as one of chiefs of the
Oneida was present." They appeared, however, as if they
had not heard a syllable of it. Bro. David then related the
principal heads thereof, when they asked, who had sent us.
" T'girhitontie2 and his Brethren," was the reply. Then a
chief said : " We two years ago heard much of the Brethren,
from a man whose name we will not now mention, and he

1The name means "a good message," and was given to Bishop Cam-
merhoff by Shikellmy while on a visit to Bethlehem in April of 1748.
It was the name of an Oneida chief living at Anajot.

2 The name given to Bishop A. G. Spangenberg by Shikellmy, is a
Maqua word signifying " a row of standing trees" and was the name of
a chieftain belonging to the tribe Ochquaeri, i.e., the Bear.

Rev. John Martin Mack's Visit to Onondaga, 175%. 347

told us to beware of them. He told us all kinds of bad
things of them, and that if any of them ever came to see
us, we should send them home. Therefore we are not will-
ing that you should go any further, but to-morrow morning
you must turn back, and go where you came from." We
did all we could to remove their wicked suspicions, and ac-
cusations, but it was to no purpose. They were very bitter
and told us several times, " Don't you take it upon you to
go any further, for if you do, you will see what will come
of it ; for we have heard no good of you, and have been
charged not to let you go any further, therefore you shall
go back to-morrow." The Oneida chief who was at council
two years ago, was not with them. They were continually
repeating : " T^e have been warned of the Brethren, and
have been told that they have no occasion to learn our lan-
guage, as other persons are appointed for that purpose."
Being convinced that it would be unsafe for us to go any
further on our journey without their consent, we requested
the chiefs to meet again to-morr&w, and we would keep a
council with them, to which they consented and left us.

The Germans in the house overheard the greater part ot
our conversation, and observed how much the Indians were
prejudiced against us. One of them said, " It will be im-
possible for you to go on to Onondaga, for if you do, you
will endanger your lives. Nine years ago, there were also
two persons who had a mind to go to Onondaga to learn
the language, but the Indians sent them back, and if they
had gone there they would have been killed." Probably
they referred to Bro. Anton and Pyrlaeus.1

1 ''Together, we (John Christopher Pyrlaeus and Anton Seyffert) now
visited the other Mohawk castles, and resolved to go on to Onondaga.
On arriving at the last white settlement on our way thither, we met a
sachem of the Six Nations, who, on learning our purpose, opposed ite
execution, first by using dissuasion and then by threatening violence.
Thus foiled, we returned to Canajoharie, and afterwards set out for
Bethlehem. This was in the latter part of September, 1743." — Memo-
rials of the Moravian Church, Vol. I, p. 1S9.

348 Rev. John Martin Mack's Visit to Onondaga,

Thursday, August 17. — The four Oneida chiefs met this
morning with twenty of their nation, and a chief of the
Tuscaroras. We then went to them, when they immedi-
ately bade us sit down. A chief then arose and said:
" The reason that we have so many of our people present,
is that they may also hear your matters." We replied,
" We like it, we are glad to see that our matters will be
treated publicly — every one may hear them." Bro. David
was then called upon to speak concerning the object of our
journey. He said, " Ye brethren of the Oneidas ! We
are come a great way, sent to you by your brother T'gir-
hitontie and his Brethren, for no other reason and end, but
because they love you. Not that we seek your land, as so
many of you think, for after you are better acquainted with
us, you will find also, that as we speak to-day, we will speak
always — ten, twenty, thirty years hence. Therefore it
grieves us that you don't know us better." They all lis-
tened with great attention. A chief then asked whether
we had a belt of wampum to the council at Onondaga.
Bro. David replied, " No, but we have some strings of wam-
pum." These were handed to them, and explained accord-
ing to the instructions given us at Bethlehem.1

We sat with them upwards of an hour discoursing on
our matters. After a short consultation among themselves,
the chief arose and said, " Ye Brethren ! We have heard
your matters, and see that there is in them nothing bad, but
that your words are good; therefore you may go on to
Onondaga, and lay your proposals before the council. This
we chiefs say to you, ye may go in peace, and we are glad
that we have heard of your affair." Bro. David said in
reply, " We are also pleased that we have had an opportu-
nity to lay our matters before your chiefs and your people,
as the covenant we made with the Six Nations, concern

1 Query. — Was this the string of one hundred and eighty-six white
beads, given to Zinzendorf by the chiefs of the Six Nations, at the
house of Conrad Weisser ; when the covenant of friendship was ratified
in August of 1742 ?

Rev. John Martin Mack's Visit to Onondaga, 1752. 349

also you." The chiefs were quite orderly, and at parting
called us " their Brethren," and also told us their names,
being Huyenjot, Hachtachguosde, Tgawio, Onontio, Gun-
taantie, Kontartie, Satiunganichnarontie, Ognico, lagotisge-
nogechtie and lagothonto the speaker. They also informed
us that on our way up we must pass through several towns,
and among the first two Tuscarora towns, where we should
tell the chiefs that the Oneidas knew of our going to On-
ondaga. At the last town a chiet would go with us and
hear our proposals. Upon proposing to them that two
of their chiefs should go with us, they replied, that it
was not necessary for they had listened to and know our
message already, and you may appeal thereto, if you
are asked abotit us. We observed, however, that they
sent out messengers, and soon after learned that they
were sent to the Cayuga and Seneca Country, to tell the
chiefs to appear at Onondaga, to hear the message of the
Brethren.

When we returned to our land-lord, we found him anx-
iously waiting to hear how our matter would turn out.
He asked, " How is it, must you go back ?" We replied,
" Good friend, we go to Onondaga." " Ay !" said he, " I
never would have thought that the Indians would have
given you leave, for they were so much against it last night.
I have never yet seen Indians change their minds so soon."
We then shook hands with him, going forward through
the woods. Praises be to the Lamb for faithfully guiding
us ! We found the woods very thick, and the ground in
many places marshy. By night we reached a fine creek,
by the side of which we refreshed ourselves, and after a
happy singing-hour went to rest under the trees.

Friday, August 18. — Having rested comfortably, we set
forward early this morning. At noon we met an old Seneca,
who informed us that he had been appointed by a messenger,
to accompany us to Onondaga. In the afternoon it rained
in torrents. Two hours before night we reached Anajot,
where, finding only a few women at home, we continued on

350 Rev. John Martin Mack's Visit to Onondaga,

to Ganatisgoa, a Tuscarora town.1 Here we found almost
thirty houses, large and regularly built, with a wide street
through the middle of the town. We soon obtained lodgings
in a hut, and were joined by two old Senecas, who had been
hunting not far from hence, and were also on their way to
Onondaga.

Saturday, August 19. — In the morning, the Tuscarora
chief, who lives here, came to see us, and told us, that yester-
day he had received an account of the matters we had to lay
before the Council at Onondaga, from the Oneidas. Being
lame and unable to attend the Council, he requested us to
tell him of our matters, which we did to his great satisfac-
tion. The Senecas started with us. Before noon we came
to a few huts, occupied by some Tuscaroras and in the after-
noon to a town of the same tribe. The Senecas staid here
all night, and told us that they would overtake us the next
morning. We went on a little further and lodged in a cold
and dark wood. Just as we were seating ourselves around
a fire which we had made, there began such a cracking and
rattling over our heads, that we did not know in what direc-
tion to run ; and there fell a huge tree close by our fire.
We thanked our Savior for His protection over us. Before
going to sleep, we had a " singing hour" together.

Sunday, August 20. — We were stirring betimes this morn-
ing. At 8 o'clock the Senecas joined us, and told us that
they had had bad lodgings ; that the Indians were nearly
all drunk in the town, and some had almost killed one
another. At noon some Indians belonging to Onondaga
met us. We then came to a place where many posts were
standing, from which we concluded that a town must have
stood there formerly. The old Seneca told Bro. David, that
when he was a child of eight years of age, Onondaga stood
on this spot, but was burnt by the French.2 In the after-

1 Noted in Guy Johnson's "Maps of the Country of the Six Nations,"
1771.

2 The Indians destroyed the town upon the approach of Count Fron-
tenac, in 1696.

Rev. John Martin Mack's Visit to Onondaga, 1752. 351

noon between 4 and 5 o'clock, we arrived at Onondaga.
We were taken to the hut of a chief, who was absent and
did not return until evening. Several chiefs hearing of our
arrival came to visit us. We also learned that some of the
chiefs had gone to Canada, and would not return until
Autumn.

Monday, August 21. — Many visitors called on us this
morning ; among the number a very old chief, who told us
that the Council would meet during the day, and would
listen to what we had to tell them. In the afternoon we
met the Council, but found only Onondagas present. To
them we related the object of our visit, and gave them one
string of wampum after another. When we finished, the
wampum was 'returned to us by a chief who said: "We
only had a mind to hear what you had to offer ; we will let
all, both Cayuga and Senecas, that are called hither, come,
and then you shall declare your matter publicly, that they
may also hear it," which was according to our desires.

Then a servant (?) laid an affair relating to the Catawbas
before the Council. First of all, the servant laid an instru-
ment, which they use in the time of war, at the feet of the
chiefs, declaring at the same time, that the Catawbas would
now fain have full peace with the Six Nations. Next, he
laid down a pass, which the Catawbas had brought from the
Governor of Charleston,1 sealed with the king's seal. This
they handed to Bro. David to read to them. The contents
of it were to this purport : The governor desired the Six
Nations to be willing to make peace with the Catawbas,
assuring them that the Catawbas would faithfully keep to it.
He also set before them the harm that arises from their
being at war, — that both were only weakened thereby, — and
yet they are children of the same land. The governor in
every article called the Six Nations " Brethren." In con-
clusion, he assured the Six Nations, that the Catawbas were
true friends of the English. The chief then asked us what
we thought of the matter. We replied : " It is good, we

1 James Glenn, Governor of South Carolina.

352 Rev. John Martin Mack's Visit to Onondaga, 1752.

find nothing bad." They appeared satisfied with our opin-
ion, and from their conversation, it is likely a peace will
soon be concluded.1 All night long it was very noisy, as
many of the Indians were drunk.

Tuesday, August 2%. — We were awakened early this morn-
ing by many drunken men and women coming into our hut,
but when they commenced to fight among themselves, we
thought it prudent to withdraw, and passed part of the day
in the woods. In the afternoon one of the Seneca chiefs
visited us, from whom we learned, that they thought of
leaving fpr their town to-morrow. Upon hearing this Bro.
David went to the Onondaga chief. He began of himself
to make excuses, that he had been unable to call the Council
together to-day, because so many Indians were drunk, but
he hoped it should be done to-morrow. Then Bro. David
said, " I have heard that the Senecas that are here will leave
to-morrow, which we shall not like. We would rather
that they hear our matters." The chief then promised to
speak to the Senecas. After dark the chief came to us and
told us, that the chief of the Cayugas had arrived, upon
whom the whole affair had waited, and that the Senecas
would also stay to attend the Council.

Wednesday, August 23. — In the forenoon a chief came
and told us, that at noon the Council would assemble in
the hut where we lodged, which it did. There were above
thirty present, among whom were four Senecas, the Cayuga
chief; the rest belonging to Onondaga. We were placed
next to the Cayuga chief, as Bro. David understood their
language best. He was quietly told of the object of our
visit, and what every string of wampum meant. Then he
desired the council to attend, and taking the first string of
wampum, he sang in the Indian manner, the names of all

1 In the Summer of 1750 Conrad Weisser was sent to Onondaga, to
bring about a treaty of peace between the Catawbas and the Six Nations,
between whom great enmity had existed for many years, owing to an
act of treachery on the part of the former. Peace was finally declared
after Zeisberger and Kundt left Onondaga.

Eev. John Martin Mack's Visit to Onondaga, 1752. 353

our Brethern, mentioning at the same time Bro. Johanan,1
as a great and mighty man. " These men," he continued,
" are sent by Bro. Johanan, T'girhitontie,2 T'garihontie,3
Anuntschie,4 and the rest of the Brethren on this side and
on the other side of the great water, to bring good words
to the Six Nations. They know that the chiefs of Aquan-
oschioni5 will take all in good part." Then the string of
wampum was hung on a pole with the usual Juheh ! of all
present. The second string was then taken up : " Gallich-
wio," continued he, " had gone home, and that the Brethren
would let the Six Nations know, how dear he was to us,
that we loved him much and them also — that he loved the
Indians very much — that we were unwilling to part with
him, but we knew that he was gone to God, whom he
loved much, and therefore he did not grieve.6 That we
would liked to have brought the message sooner, but
several of our chiefs had gone over the great water." Then
was this string hung upon the pole, and the council sung
Juheh ! The third string was then held up and he sung as
follows : "That T'girhitontie, Anuntschie, and Auousacheri,7
who was present, had returned from over the great water
and brought salutations from T'garihontie, and Johanan
his father." 8 Our message being ended, we delivered our

1 Count Zinzendorf. Under what circumstances or on what occasion
he received the name of Johanan from the Indians is not determined.

* Bishop Spangenberg.

8 Bishop von Watteville.

4 Nathaniel Seidel. This name was given to him by Shikellmy, at
Bethlehem, in April of 1748. It is a Seneca word signifying "the
head."

6 Literally, "Makers of Cabins or Wigwams." In a national sense,
"United People."

• Bishop Cammerhoff died in April of 1751.

T David Zeisberger. Shikellmy gave him this name in June of 1745.
It is a Maqua word signifying "on a pumpkin," and was the name of a
chief belonging to the tribe Anowangoa — i.e. , the Tortoise.

8 Nathaniel Seidel and David Zeisberger returned from a visit to the
Brethren in Europe, in September, and Spangenberg, in December of
1751.

VOL. XXIX.-— 23

354 Rev. John Martin Mack's Visit to Onondaga, 1752.

presents to the Cayuga chief, when he said, " T'girhitontie,
Anuntschie and his brethren had sent presents." These
were two pieces of linen, each 22 yards, some thread, and
tobacco. They were laid, being a present, upon a blanket.
They then conferred together, when two servants took the
presents and divided them into three parts. Then a chief
arose, gave one part to the Cayugas, another to the Senecas,
and the third to the Onondagas. The latter was again
divided into two ; — one part for Upper, and one for Lower
Onondaga. Our strings of wampum were divided in the
same manner ; whereupon the whole was confirmed with a
loud Juheh! We were then told that the chiefs would
meet and consider our message, and that they would give
us an answer to-day. They then took leave, shaking hands
with us all.

About four o'clock the council again assembled. We
were desired again to sit by the Cayuga chief, whereupon
he took a string of wampum in his hand and lifted it aloft,
saying, " We have heard and understood, that our Bro.
T'girhitontie, Anuntschie and Gallichwio, with those over
the great water, among whom there is a great man, who
has the affairs of the Brethren in hand, send good words
to the Aquanoschioni. Brethren we have heard and un-
derstand all. We are glad and thankful that they have
sent Ganachgagregat, Auousacheri, and the white brother
[Rundt]. It rejoices us to hear, that thou and thy brethren
are well, and sit in peace by your fires." Then he
handed us the string of wampum. Taking up the sec-
ond string he said : " T'girhitontie, thou and thy brethern,
and those over the great water, inform us, that our and
your Brother, Gallichwio went home a year ago. Now,
Bro. T'girhitontie, the Aquanoschioni say to thee, use thy
best endeavors to find us such another person among thy
Brethren, for we know that Gallichwio truly loved the
Aquanoschioni, — in whose heart was no guile." This was
confirmed by the whole council with a Juheh ! The string
of wampum was then handed to us. With the third string

fiev. John Martin Mack's Visit to Onondaga, 1752. 355

in his hand, he continued. " Bro. Tgirhitontie, thou hast
let us know, that together with other Brethren, thou hast
been over the great water, and art now come back, and
hast brought salutations from our Bro. T'garihontie, and
his father Johanan. Thou must salute them from us, the
united Six Nations. Bro. T'girhitontie, thou hast also
assured us that the brotherhood betwixt us and you stands
fast, and you hold it fast. We also hold it fast." Here the
speaker locked his hands together, and lifted them up;
showing how firmly they kept the covenant. " Thus
minded," said he, " were all the chiefs of the Six Nations,"
which was answered to by all present. Then they deliv-
ered to us the string of wampum. Next he related, that
Bro. Gallichwlo two years ago, made a proposal of two
Brethren living among them and learning their language ;
" And as thou, Bro. T'girhitontie, and thy Brethren, have
again taken this matter in hand, we think wisely, and have
sent Bro. Auousacheri, and his white brother, whose
name we do not know [Rundt] ; * we are pleased, and
think that a good work is set on foot thereby. It shall be
as you desire, as all the chiefs are of the same mind. The
two Brethren shall live a couple of years among us and
learn the language that we may tell one another the
thoughts of our hearts. Then they may go to the Cayugas
and reside there some months, and also to the Senecas."
When he finished, a string of wampum was handed to us,
and the whole was confirmed with three Juhehs I in which
we joined. It was suggested that the two brethren should
visit the houses in the town, and whenever they have an
opportunity to converse with the Indians. When the
council meets they may attend, so as to learn the ways and
manners of the Indians in propounding any matter; that
when the Brethren have a message for them, they may
know how to deliver it. The chiefs asked us where we
wished the two Brethren to live while they remain in Onon-

1 While residing at Onondaga, Rundt was adopted into the tribe of
the Tortoise, receiving the name of Thaueraquechta.

356 Rev. John Martin Mack's Visit to Onondaga,

daga ? We replied, " We have not thought much about it,
but would leave it to the Aquanoschioni, and take their
advice." " It is well/' said they, " for we have not consid-
ered about it, but will do so soon, and give you an answer
befere Ganachgagregat goes away." They also spoke about
the maintenance of the Brethren, and said, " If the Brethren
will frequently visit in the houses they will be supplied with
victuals, but especial care shall be taken of them where they
lodge." When all was concluded, the servants brought in two
kettles of boiled Indian corn, when we ate socially together.

We have been thus far very well and happy, and have
not seen in any one a dark look, nor heard a contrary word.
They have acted toward us in a brotherly manner. Even
the children were quite free with us. We wished that our
Brethren who are engaged in our work among the Heathen,
could have been present at the council.

Thursday, August 2£. — This morning we were visited by
several Indiana from the next town, five miles distant from
here. Some of them were present at the council. The
women were friendly, invited us to come to their town, and
gave us apples.1 Our friends the Seneca chiefs returned
home to-day. Their names are Thagachtatie, Julchcotanne,
Ataneckenni, Thojanorie — the Cayuga's Giottononannie.
The names of the Onondaga chiefs are, Otschinochiatha,2
the thick ; Ganatschiagajio ; 3 and where we lodge, Garach-
guntie. In lower Onondaga are these chiefs, Zargonna,
Ganochronia; and the Tuscarora, Thequalischki.

Friday, August 25. — Our matters being so far advanced,
we considered together about the return of Bro. Mack to
Bethlehem. The head chief sent for us, as he had some-
thing further to speak about. When we entered his hut,

1 The Iroquois are noted for their extensive orchards above the other
Indians.

* In 1754 John Lidius prevailed upon this chief, while intoxicated,
to sign a deed of sale of the Susquehanna lands to Connecticut.

'Bishop Cammerhoff and Zeisberger lodged with this chief, during
their visit in 1750.

Rev. John Martin Mack's Visit to Onondaga, 175%. 357

he bade us sit down, and asked if Ganachgagregat would
leave to-day. We told him that he would, and that we
would accompany him to Anajot and then return. He then
said, " Very well, we have spoken together concerning the
residence for the two Brethren, and as soon as they return,
they may select a house to their own mind, for the doors of
all stand open. They have full liberty to go where they will,
and live where they please." We thanked him, and then
retired. In the afternoon we visited the chiefs and many
of the Indians in their huts; and the chief with whom we live
ordered some victuals prepared for us. Two hours before
night Bro. Mack set out for Bethlehem, with Bro. David and
Rundt, who go part of the way. When we had walked six
miles, we cam£ to a fine creek, by which we staid all night.
Bro. David caught eight fine trout, which we ate for supper.

Saturday, August 26. — This morning we start early
hoping to reach Anajot, which is 45 miles from Onondaga,
by dusk. The chief called us into his hut, and treated
us with squashes and pumpkins. After finishing our
meal, we proceeded on our journey, passing several
houses and meeting some Indians. Two hours before night
we came to Ganatisgoa, the second Tuscarora town, but
found most of the Indians from home, in quest of roots.
At evening we came near to Anajot, but as we wished to
be alone together, we selected an agreeable spot, and re-
mained there all night.

Sunday, August 27. — Having rested well, we arose early
and sang some verses. After passing through Anajot, we
came to a hill about a quarter of a mile beyond where we
rested. Here we must part. We sang some verses, wept
like children, and blessed one another — so we parted.
Bro. David and Rundt on their return will visit in Anajot
and the Tuscarora towns. My eyes all day long were not
very dry, and I cannot express what I felt at parting with
my two Brethren. At night I reached Kash's.1

'Kass. The present town of Schuyler, in Herkimer County, N. Y.,
is built on the Kass farm.

358 Rev. John Martin Mack's Visit to Onondaga, 1752.

Monday, August 28. — To-day I remained here (at Kash's)
and visited the Oneidas who live hereabouts. Some of the
chiefs were very friendly. They gave me something to eat,
and asked where I had left my companions. "When I told
them, they gave me to understand by friendly looks their
satisfaction.

Tuesday ', August 29. — In the morning I left Kash's, and
went down the Maqua country. Towards night I passed
through Canajoharie and came,

Wednesday, August 30, to William's Fort. Here I learned
that Conrad Weisser's son had returned to learn the Indian
language. I would have visited him, but he was not at home.

Thursday, August SI. — To-day I passed through Schenec-
tady to Albany, and came

Sunday, September 3, to my father-in-law's, John Rau,1
with whom I stayed two days.

Wednesday, September 6. — I reached Pachgatgoch, when I
met Bro. Senseman and his wife. The Indian brethren and
sisters, when they heard of my arrival, came running to see
their old Martin once more among them.2 I stayed six
days with them and kept many meetings.

Wednesday, September 13. — This morning I set out for
Bethlehem.

Saturday, September 23. — Between 10 and 11 o'clock this
morning, I arrived at Bethlehem, well and happy, and was
received by my Brethren right heartily. I thanked my
dear Savior for all the grace and protection He had shown
me and my two Brethren on our journey, and for my safe
return home. Glory be to Glod ! 3

1 John Kau, a Palatine farmer in "The Oblong." Mack married his
daughter Jeannette, September 14, 1742. She deceased at Gnadenhiit-
ten on the Mahoning, December 15, 1749. Her father died July 2,
1768, and was buried in the grave-yard of the English meeting-house
in "The Oblong, "by Rev. Francis Boehler, who was at this time settled
in Sichem.

a Mack had been stationed at Pachgatgoch in 1743.

8 Zeisberger and Rundt arrived in Bethlehem on their return from
Onondaga, December 15, 1752.

Notes and Queries. 359

NOTES AND QUERIES.
Motet,

LETTERS OF HON. JASPER YEATES TO HON. JAMES WILSON. —

PITTSBUKOH July 30, 1776.
D*SlR

Mr Morgan setting off for Pha we have just wrote to the Committee of
Congress respecting some Matters wch have occurred to us. I could not
have had a better Conveyance for a private Letter to you.

Mr. Harvey arrived here on the 20th Inst, & Mr. Montgomery & my-
self on the Satdy following. I waited in Carlisle a Week for Mr. M. a
sore Leg preventing him from riding. You will perceive by our joint
Letter that the Treaty is deferred until September. I was much afraid
at first that this Delay arose from the Desire of the Indians to discover
what might be the Events of the Campaign before they would come in.
Our Agent informs me of the Contrary & is confident that there will be
a very large Treaty.

You may recollect that sometime ago the Convention of Virginia Re-
solved that 200 Indians should be inlisted by John Gibson in the Service
of that Colony. It seems they lately left the Execution of this Resolve
to Mess" Walker & Harvey, who are impowered to determined on the Pro-
priety of the Measure ! If the joint Commissioners are to confine them-
selves to a mere Alliance of Peace, wch I sincerely hope may be the Case,
what a ridiculous Contrariety will arise should it be judged eligible to
put the Virg* Resolve into Execution ? The Savages must laugh at our
Conduct. At present I am determined for my own Part, to repel the
Measure with all my Might, should it be attempted at the Treaty.

The Convention of the antient Dominion have recommended a tem-
porary Line to our Representatives ; I will endeavour to send you the
Boundaries they contend for. I most devoutly wish, that the Troops at
this Fort, as well as at the Canawey, Wheeling & Kittanning were on
the Continental Establishment. It would prevent undue Influence &
put Matters on a more equal Footing than they now are. The Commit-
tee of Westmoreland have resolved to put two more Companies in Pay
& have appointed Officers for that Purpose on the Frontiers. Virginia
has appointed Comm" to try the Validity of Claims under Indian
Sales, & for this end to search for Testimony to invalidate them. How
they will proceed, I know not, nor what Effect their Determinations will
have.

We shall be forced to exceed greatly the 10,000 Dollars voted by Con-
gress for this Department. I could never have conceived the exorbitant
Prices demanded for Indian Goods. No Patriotism in Trade, Methinks !

Will you be good enough to forward to us the Resolves of Congress re-
specting the ensuing Treaty, & of our Appointment properly authenti-
cated ? I know not how the Pulses of the Virginians may beat.

I beg my Compliments to our Friend Ned Biddle. I shall be rejoiced
to hear of his Recovery. Believe me to be Dr Sir

Your very affect. Hble Serv*.

HONBLE JAMES WILSON ESQ*. J. Y.

In Philad*.

360 Notes and Queries.

P.S.

The Boundaries of a 14th new independent Government stiled Westsyl-
vania in the American Confederacy as described in a pompous Memo-
rial intended for Congress, are

" Beginning on the Eastern Bank of the Ohio opposite the mouth of
"the Scioto & running thence in a direct Line to the Owasioto Pass,
"thence to the Top of the Allegheney Mountain, thence with the Top
"of the said Mountain to the Northern Limite of the Purchase made
"from the Indians in 1768 at the Treaty of Fort Stanwix thence with
'* the sd Limits to the Allegheney or Ohio River & thence down the sd
"River as purchased from the sd Indians at the sd Treaty of Fort Stanwix
" to the Beginning." —

Since my writing the above I am informed the Memorial to Congress is
to be laid aside, & that an advertisement has been published dividing
the People of the new Government into Districts & desiring them to
choose Convention Men who are forthwith to meet & appoint Delegates
to represent them in Congress. How shockingly are the People here
divided ? And to what ridiculous Lengths are not most of them hasten-
ing?

I cannot procure you the Convention Boundaries mentioned in my
Letter, but thus far I am well informed that the temporary Line to be
established reaches to the Bullock 7 miles from hence — the wrong Way.

Aug* 1. 1776.
J. Y.

PITTSBURGH Aug*. 31. 1776.
1 o'clock A. M.
D*SlR

It is highly probable I shall have but little Time to communicate my
private Sentiments to you by the Bearer hereof, [Thos. Girty] if I do
not seize this late Hour for that Purpose.

You will be informed by our joint Letter, which accompanies this, of
the Intelligence we have received from the Indian Country. It is not a
little alarming to us here, with a Garrison of scarce 100 Men, & little
ammunition & Provisions fitting for a Siege. If a general Indian War
takes Place, the Consequences must be very dreadful to a People who
have made no Preparation for it. We shall in the mean while take every
Precaution to secure the Frontiers & put ourselves in a Posture of Defence.
We shall write to the Committees of Westmoreland & Bedford to hold
their Militia in Readiness & to Col. McCoy to march his new raised
Forces immediately to Kittanning. Will it not be proper for the present
to dispense with the Resolve of Congress as to his taking Posts & erect-
ing Forts at Presque Isle & Le Bceuf ? Will it not divide his Troops too
much & accelerate a War by giving Umbrage to the Indians ?

It was a Capital Error to refer the Time of Holding the Treaty to the
Wiandots. I have thought so ever since I came here, & so told Mr Mor-
gan. It has afforded ample Room to the different ministerial Officers to
temper with, & alienate the minds of the Savages from our Interests.
Should an Indian War take Place, I cannot but attribute it chiefly to
the artful Endeavours of Lieut. Govr Henry Hamilton. He was late
Secretary to Govr Carleton & by him put to Detroit from Canada. I am
told he is a Man of Abilities & great Address by one who knew him
well, while a Captn of the 15th Regt.

It appears to me absolutely necessary that our Garrisons at this Place,

Notes and Queries. 361

the big & Little Kanawa & Wheeling should be immediately reinforced
& fresh Supplies of Provision and Ammunition sent thither. If the In-
habitants once get alarmed, there will be no Stopping of their Flight, &
the Country will be soon depopulated. We shall in a few Days be en-
abled to determine the Truth or Falsehood of the Accounts we have re-
ceived, & if we find we cannot cultivate a Peace with the Indians, we
must endeavour to be useful in carrying on a War : We shall not give
over Thoughts of the former, until we are fully convinced of its Imprac-
ticability. Do use your Endeavours to have Mr. Morgan put off imme-
diately to us, if he has not set out before this reaches you. We want
some one here to superintend the Conduct of the Indians, & to watch
their motions narrowly.

We have received your letter by Mr. Campbell, but must defer an-
swering it until another Conveyance offers. I am Dr Sir much fatigued.

Yr affectionate Humble Serv1
HONBLE JAMES WILSON ESQB. J. Y.

Two LETTERS OF COLONEL FRANCIS JOHNSTON, FIFTH PENN-
SYLVANIA CONTINENTAL LINE, TO GENERAL ANTHONY WAYNE. —

[Francis Johnston, born in 1748, was a son of Alexander Johnston, of
New London township, Chester county, Pennsylvania. As a young man,
he took an active and earnest part, with his friends and neighbors, in
their opposition to the oppressive measures of Great Britain, and, in
July of 1774, was one of the delegates from Chester County to the Pro-
vincial Convention, held in Philadelphia. In December following, he
was chosen a member of the County Committee to carry into execution
the Association, recommended by the late Convention. This Committee
met generally at Richard Cheyney's in East Cain township and David
Cowpland's in Chester, and we almost invariably find Anthony Wayne
presiding, and Johnston acting as Secretary. A Committee of Observa-
tion and Correspondence was also formed. In January of 1775, he again
represented the county in the Provincial Convention held in Philadel-
phia, and was one of its three secretaries. When Wayne's Fourth
Pennsylvania Battalion was formed, Johnston was commissioned its
lieutenant-colonel January 4, 1776, and it was he, with five companies
of the battalion, which arrived at Ticonderoga on July 17th, who
brought the first copy of the Declaration of Independence to the Northern
Army. On the expiration of the term of enlistment of the battalion, in
January of 1777, he was appointed colonel and recruited the Fifth
Pennsylvania Continental Line, largely from his old regiment, and par-
ticipated with it in the battles of Brandy wine, Germantown, Monmouth,
and Stony Point. Under the army rearrangement of January 17, 1781,
Colonel Johnston was retired, and in April following was appointed
Receiver General of Pennsylvania, and became a resident of Philadel-
phia. In October of 1810 he was chosen high sheriff of the city. He
died February 22, 1815, at his residence on Pine Street, and was survived
by his wife Alice, a daughter Mary Erwin Renshaw, and a son, Alex-
ander Washington Johnston.]

LONG ISLAND, June 14, 1776.

MY DEAR COLL.

My endeavors to procure Arms, for the remainder of our Regiment,
still prove unsuccessful ; I employ myself constantly in passing from this
place to Head-Quarters ; — His Excellency's patience is almost exhausted,

362 Notes and Queries.

and indeed there is scarce a Genl. Officer who does not look upon me as
their evil Genius.

I begin now to lose my Spirit wholly, & am fearful in a short time
shall have but little relish for the Service ; most certain I am, I shall
not continue 6 Months longer in the Service without Arms.

There is yet one resource left, but whether that will avail us I know not ;
it is more than probable I shall know by Saturday next. — Capt. Putnam
by order of the Genl. is gone to Boston, for the Carbines which Mugg-
ford took ; I have a half promise of being supplied with these — if I
should fail here, I shall then be reduced to this irksome Dilemma, either
to man some of the Fortifications, on this Island, with our people,
arm'd with Spears, or be compell'd to leave the Camp in dudgeon.

It is more than probable we shall have the Enemy here, in the course
of a Week — we keep constantly upon the look out, tho1 I am fearful we
are not sufficiently attentive, more especially, when I consider myself to
all intents, in an Enemie's Country. The Tories far exceed the Whiggs
here, both in point of number as well as Influence — their impudence is
unparrallel'd, particularly on this Island. — They have lately taken so
much wig upon them as to destroy a Whig's Orchard root and branch,
However, some few spirited Whiggs play'd the Devil with the Tories
yesterday, in N. Y. — they made a number of them ride upon sharp
Kails, up and down the City, to the great detriment & injury of their
lower Regions — to-morrow it is propos'd to serve the Tories on this
Island, in the like manner, or perhaps worse.

It is likely before this reaches you, that you will be acquainted with
Genl. Gates & Col. Mifflin's promotions — the first to the rank of a Major,
the latter to that of Brigr. Genl. The House of Assembly in our Prov-
ince, have directed their Delegates in Congress, to declare an Inde-
pendancy, if they think proper. We have had great Dissentions there,
about this and a Convention, they are likely to subside. The Congress
have ordered ten thousand Militia to be immediately rais'd & taken into
pay in Penna. & a proportionable number in the other Colonies, as a
flying Camp.

An Express this moment has arrived from Philada., by which we
learn, that Howe & his Bed Coats will pay us a Visit immediately.
Our Arms thro' the Army in general, are not in fighting order, we for
our parts have nothing but damned Tomahawks — the N. E. troops are un-
healthy— added to this, we want a large reinforcement, — under all these
difficulties we will fight them & leave ye issue with Providence. Canada
I fear is lost ; our people have behav'd like Poltroons & Cowards, pray
give me an acct. of this matter with precision — Write me by every
opportunity — Give my sincere respects to my friend Kobinson and the
other Gentn.

Yours &c.,

F. JOHNSTON.

May 1780.

DB. GENERAL.

There never was a time which demanded the united exertions of
America more than the present, nor was there a time which more seri-
ously required the assistance of all ranks of Officers, in order to put the
Soldiers in good humour & keep our little Army together.

You can have but a faint Idea of the sufferings we have undergone

Notes and Queries. 363

for want of Provisions, and indeed our supplies of Shoes, Money, Shirts
&c. (things by the by essentially necessary for the appearance as well
as the very existence of the Soldier) have been extremely scanty. Dis-
agreeable as our situation is, and distant as the prospect appears of being
put on a more respectable footing, yet we are perpetually on Duty &
constantly manoeuvering.

In these matters the Inspector General, Baron Steuben, takes the lead,
I cannot but say, that his attention to Duty, his indefatiguable perse-
verance, his zeal for the service & his military knowledge entitle him to
the applause of the whole Army. — My Dear General would you were
here, for tho' such a respectable Body of Infantry cannot be formed this
Campaign, as you are justly entitled to command, nor do I know whether
any Corps of Infantry will be formed at all, yet your Country would
reap advantages from your presence & I should esteem myself happy
in your resuming your former command. This no doubt would be
irksome to you, but My Dear General consider the circumstances of the
Army, the alarming consequences which threaten your Country & let
that true military principle have its due weight with you, which has
always marked four Character — I mean that of sacrificing your feelings
to the good of your Country, & even submitting to inconveniences tho'
repugnant to a laudable ambition.

Believe me your return to the Army is soon expected, & tis hoped you
will command your old Brigadier, if none other more honorable, can
with propriety be pointed out. I have heard the sentiments of divers
officers on this subject, they all agree, that tho' your inclination cannot,
yet your Duty will point out the necessity of resuming this command. I
write you this with the honest sincerity of a friend and the candour of a
brother officer — with the same sincerity & candour, I know you will
answer me, which I pray may be soon. My Compts to all my good
friends ; Mrs. Johnston & Col. Robinson beg leave to greet you well.
I am Dear General,

With Esteem, Yours &c.

F. JOHNSTON.

A VERY DARK GENEALOGY. — Among the negro slaves given by
their owners to Bishop A. G. Spangenberg, who was superintending the
Moravian movement in Pennsylvania, and then given their freedom,
were two who for many years were residents of Bethlehem.

Ofodobendo Wooma alias York, baptized Andrew, was a native of Ibo,
Africa. When still young he was sold from place to place until 1741,
when he was brought to New York city and purchased by a Hebrew,
who sold him to Thomas Noble, a prominent merchant, and one of the
Trustees of the Charity School, founded by Whitefield in Philadelphia,
who had him educated. In November of 1746 he was sent to Bethlehem,
and in February of the following year was baptized, and presented to
Spangenberg. He died March 13, 1779.

Beulah, of the Popo nation, was captured by slavers when ten years
of age, and finally was brought to Philadelphia, where she was bought
by Charles Brockden, Recorder of the Province for many years, and a
member of the Moravian congregation. After the death of his wife, she
was sent to Bethlehem, where she was baptized in May of 1748, and
given the name of Magdalena. In 1762, she was married to Andrew,
and by him had three children, who died before their parents. She died

364 Notes and Queries.

January 4, 1820. The following is a copy of Brockden's deed of man-
umission preserved in the Archives at Bethlehem.

To the Faithful in Christ Jesus our Lord God and all other People, I
Charles Brockden of the City of Philadelphia in the Province of Penn-
sylvania, Gentleman, send Greeting : —

WHEREAS many years ago I bought and purchased with my own
monies a certain negroe girl, which I think is of the Kingdom or Country
of Angola, in Africa, and which I called Beulah, but at her Baptism at
Bethlehem, in the County of Bucks, in the said Province, received the
name of Magdalena. The cause of which Purchase of her was not with
any intention of worldly gain by continuing her in Slavery all the days ot
her Life, but partly for the service of my dear wife Susanna, who is since
deceased, and partly in Mercy to prevent other persons from buying her
for filthy lucre's sake without any regard to her everlasting Interest, I
therefore as soon as I well could, sent the said Negroe to the Congrega-
tion of the United Brethren at Bethlehem aforesaid who were so kind to
take her under their care, which was five years ago or thereabouts, where
she hath abode with my good-liking ever since, and I hope and believe
hath by the Brethren's care and instruction received Faith in our
blessed Savior Christ Jesus, and an Interest and nearness to and in
the Merits of his sufferings and death. I have nevertheless always
declined makeing any Sale or Alienation of my right and property to
her personal service even unto any of the Brethren aforesaid from this
consideration, viz*. I have considered my Property in her by the
Providence of God to be only a Depositum or Trust committed to my
care, and as the members of the aforesaid Brethren frequently travel
Abroad by Land and Sea, and one cannot foresee all Events, and as the
poor Negroes or Affricans are generally made slaves of by every Nation
and Religion of the Europeans into whose Hands or power they fall —
Therefore should I part with my Eight and Property aforesaid abso-
lutely I should thereby put it out of my power to reclaim her, and on
the other side, I would for the cause above setforth prevent my Heirs
Executors or Administrators after my Decease, as well as others, to
infringe the Liberty of my said Negroe woman Beulah, now called
Magdalena, or of her children, if please God she shall have any, I have
therefore devised the Expedient of manumising her and her children
absolutely with and under the Power of my Revocation, and making
null and void that manumission if I myself shall think fit to Revoke it
in my Life Time, and not else.

Now Therefore Know Ye. That for the causes and considerations so
amply set forth as abovesaid, and for and in consideration of the good
service of my said Negroe Woman Magdalena (formerly called Beulah),
performed unto my said first wife Susanna and therefore unto me, I have
manumised, emancipated and released, and by these Presents to all
Intents and Purposes in the Law whatsoever, Do manumise, emanci-
pate and release her my said Negroe Woman Magdalena Together with
all her offspring or children, which by the good Providence of God she
may happen to have and bear after her marriage (which marriage I fully
leave to the discretion of the Congregation aforesaid) And all my
Estate, Right, Title, Property and Interest of in and to her the said
manumised Negro Slave Magdalena and her posterity or children for-
ever So that my Heirs Executors or Administrators, nor any of them
shall not or may or can by any way or means have claim, challenge, or

Notes and Queries. 365

Demand her the said Negro Magdalena or her children, or any of them
or their or any of their service But thereof and therefrom shall be
utterly excluded and debarred forever by virtue hereof — Provided
always nevertheless that If I the said Charles Brockden shall at any
time hereafter during my lifetime Revoke this manumission, emancipa-
tion and Release by any Deed or Writing under my Hand and Seal
duly executed in the presence of two or more creditable Witnesses —
Then this present writing, Manumission Emancipation and Release
shall become utterly Null, void and of non effect as if the same had
never been made.

In Witness whereof I the said Charles Brockden have hereunto and
unto one other writing or Duplicate of the same Tenor or Date, set my
hand and seal Dated the third day of March in the year of our Lord
one thousand seven hundred and fifty-two (1752), I added the words
marriage, Discretion of the, with my own hand before ye sealing and
Delivery.

CHARLES BROCKDEN [Seal]
Sealed and delivered
in the presence o£us.

Thomas Davis,

Josiah Jackson,

Tim0 Horsfield,

J. Okely.

LETTER OF GENERAL JOHN ARMSTRONG, 1758.1 —

CARLISLE, 8* July 1758
VERY DEAR SIR t

I receiv'd your favour with my Brothers 111 judged letter inclos'd,
together with a few lines to Major Jaminson.

I have the most tender sympathy of your harms' d state of life, and
pity you more than any man this day living, yet desire sincerely to thank
God, for your life & usefulness at a time when Zeal, Activity, Prudence,
and Probity is so much wanted. — it is the fate of the meanest of your
friends to labour day by day under a fresh Burthen without any near
prospect of release, and that under the disadvantage of a slow mind & a
stammering tongue, we have this both for comfort and the Principal part
of pay namely the Consequence of our Actions & a good degree of acquit-
tance in our anxious breasts.

I hope things will go on tolerably well as to our main affair, now the
General is come ; but thro' not being compleat in necessarys, the various
Drafts and detachments to be made for the protection of the Frontier,
and support of the Chain of Communication, together with many un-
foreseen difficulties that must occur upon the Convention of such a
number of undisciplin'd people gives us very full employ. The General
has determin'd to leave near five hundred Men East of Susquehanah,
to Garrison Augusta, and guard the Frontier. A Subaltern & 25 men
to attend the Governor posted with you in Philadelphia.

You desire the Reasons of Georges sending down his Commission — it
was owing to Sir John St. Clairs ordering him in Arrest, on the Com-
plaint of a Sergeant, (to whome George had given a Box on the side 01
the head for some neglect or other) without hearing George, together

1 Dreer Collection.

366 Notes and Queries.

with sundry blustering threats out of the usual mode of treating an
officer — this tho' a matter with which Sir John shou'd not have troubled
himself before I had heard it, I put up with, but found that Gentlemans
rash and extraordinary manner of treating the officers of the new Levys
under my particular care & command, together with his ingrossing the
detail of the Troops which belongs to every Colonel or Commander of a
Core that I was oblidg'd to resent the Conduct upon which a quarrel
ensu'd betwixt us, in the Course of which, Sir John, after appointing
parson Barton to preach, he stop'd him again in the time of reading
prayers, but soon found his Error, & he and the parson join their Forces
to England — I'm oblidg'd to stop giving you this disagreeable detail. I
hear the General has made all this matter square, tho' I have not had
time to speak one sentence to him on the subject — Sir John is now very
Polite, the Capts. Reed & Mountgomery want little but horn hair &

hoof we have most of the Drafts made and sent from this place

with the utmost dispatch — a Sergt and about 20 of Capt. McClungs
Company Mutiny' d on acct. of their Capt. being appointed to stay at
some post — the Sergt. only will be punish' d but not with death I sup-
pose.— I have yesterday by Order of the General wrote to Governor
Sharp for Sixty Blankets, we are extreamly put to for Kettles and some
Companys will be oblidg'd to wait their coming from Philadelphia.
Canteens also will be much wanted and these the Men would buy but
cant' t get them.

about thirty five men, the best of each company are Drafted to go for-
ward, and the residue to stay upon the Eastern Frontier, and Garrison
some posts on this side Susquehanah — this perplexing Duty being near
Over I expect orders every Moment to join my own Battalion — in short
our new Levys all things considered, both do, and appear very well,
except those high Genious's Reed & Mountgomery & the men Drafted to
stay who are in Sundry Companys, none of the best Reed is ap-
pointed to his own Frontier if he shou'd confine himself too much to his
own borders, I hope the Governor will Castrate him, as much cannot be
expected from his breed — Mountgomery is sent to Shamokin — I have
kept fair weather with all those people, and excused their foibles where
and when Convenient — the General is very well pleas' d with most of
them, 'tis three or four days since I began this letter, and five sundry
times have I been oblig'd to lay it aside — I question whether you'd
understand over the half of it. I doubt not parson Barton will write
you some very high Charge against me like Sacrilege &c. I have
neither time nor inclination to trouble you with a detail of his conduct,
only that it is still very extraordinary, for the Publicks and your sake,
I have not Open'd his Conduct nor Character to the General — he is at
present quiet & I don't trouble my head with him, he won't suffer him-
self to be called a Chaplain to the Battalion nor Act under the Governors
Commission, but has procur'd a kind of Liberty from the General to go
on the Expedition a Voluntier, the Officers of the third Battalion has
for themselves & Men, asked of the General a Chaplain of the same
Principles & Denomination with themselves the General has Order' d
them to pitch on whome they please, and he will appoint him, they ask
Bay & it's said he is gone to Mary-land upon hearing he wou'd not be
appointed. Beatty is up at Rea's Town, Steel sets out this day or to
Morrow. I suppose the General will leave this place in three days or
thereabout this is the 12th Inst. the General has promis'd and Major

Notes and Queries. 367

Jaminson has wrote, to have his Commission made out for my Battalion.
Commissary Young is come up, and I believe has deliver'd George his
new Commission — I have received Mine and shall write the Governor
before I leave this place, your paragraph respecting Mr. Hamilton, is
very agreeable — I am dear Sir, with the utmost respect & Esteem your

Most Humble Servt.

JOHN ARMSTRONG
P. S. do not shew this

letter to any person.

HESSELITJS FAMILY.— I am indebted to Mr. William Oswald Dundas,
a descendant of Gustavus Hesselius, for the following additions to the
notes on the family printed in the Magazine for April, 1905. Mary
Young, widow of John Hesselius, died June 14, 1820, aged 81. She
had by John Hesselius, seven children : (1) Henrietta Maria, born
March 4, 1764 ; died young. (2) Gustavus, born November 25, 1765 ;
died young. (3) Henrietta, born January 15, 1768 ; died young.
(4) Charlotte, born June 14, 1770. (5) Caroline, born June 9, 1773 ;
married March 5, 1795, Judson Claggett ; married, secondly, Dr. Elisha
De Butte. (6) Elizabety Dulany, born February 2, 1775. (7) John,
born 1777 ; married February 25, 1799, Mary Wharton Williams ; died
November, 1804. Mary Wharton Williams Hesselius was born Febru-
ary 15, 1778, and died January 23, 1857. They had two children:
(1) Mary Young, married William H. Dundas, brother of James Dun-
das, of Broad and Walnut Streets, Philadelphia. (2) Rachel, married
Dr. Sidney William Smith. Mr. William Oswald Dundas is the son of
Mary Young Hesselius and William H. Dundas.

CHARLES HENRY HART.

STATE OF BRITISH FORCES AND DISPOSITION, Sept. 11, 1777. —
At the upper Ford under the command of Ld Cornwallis.

2 Eg* British Guards ) .. - . A TZ-:H^ & A A «1 o

2 Do Lt. Infantry } 174° Kllled & wounded 612

2 Brigade British 2240 3«0

1 Do Hessians 800 60
Fargarsons Riflemen 80 — 4860 46—1078

Middle Ford under command of Major Gen'l Gray.

2 Battallions of Guards 500
2d & 42d Regt Highlanders 700
2d&71-» Do 700—1900

Lower Chads ford under the command of Kniphausen.
2 Brigades British consisting")

4th, 5, 10, 15, 23, 27, 28, 40 12240 580

49, & 55th. J

1 Brigade Hessians 800 28

Queen's Rangers 480—3520 290— 898

Total 10280 Total 1976

Lost at Brandy Wine Sept 11, 1777.

The above is a true copy of a return found in one of the British
officers' Marquees at the time of the engagement at Germantown, Oct.
4, 1777.

368 Notes and Queries.

THE ACTIONS AT BRANDYWINE AND PAOLI, DESCRIBED BY A
BRITISH OFFICER. —

[The following account of the actions at Brandywine and Paoli, was
found in the British camp at Germantown, October 4, 1777. Original
MS. in The Historical Society of Pennsylvania.]

From the Camp on the Field of Battle near Dilworth, on the heights
of Brandy Wine, September 11th at night.

I shou'd have written to Thee o Imperiel — consider the pain of the
contusion I What excessive fatigue — a rapid march from 4 o^clock in the
morning till four in the eve, when we engaged — till Dark we fought.
Describe the Battle — 'Twas not like those of Covent Garden or Drury
Lane. Thou has seen Le Brans paintings and the Tapestry perhaps at
Blenheim — are these natural resemblances ? pshaw — quoth The Captain
in un mot. There was a most infernal Fire of cannon & musketry, most
incessant shouting — incline to the right ! incline to the left ! halt !
charge &c. The balls ploughing up the ground. The Trees cracking
over ones heads. The branches riven by the artillery — The leaves
falling as in autumn by the grapeshot. The affair was general. The
Misters on both sides shew'd conduct. The action was brilliant. Mr.
Washington retreated (i.e. ran away) and Mr. Howe remained Master of
the Field. We took ten pieces of cannon & a Howitzer — 8 were brass —
the other two iron of a new construction. I took a high cap lined with
fur which I find very comfortable in the now "not Summer evenings
in my Tent." A ball glanced against my ancle & contused it. For
some days I was lifted on Horseback in Men's Arms — understand, I do
not write from the Camp on the Field of Battle &c., &c., neither do I
write in the month of September. Since the above Date I have been in
a more bloody affair.

At midnight on the 22d of Septmbr the Batt which I serve in (the 2d
of Light Infantry) supported by Three Regiments & some Dragoons,
surprised a Camp of the Rebels consisting of 1500 men & bayoneted (we
hear) from 4 to 500. The affair was admirably conceived and executed.
I will (as it is remarkable) particularize — I was relieved from picquet
at Sunset (the preceding sunset I mounted) and was waked at nine at
night to go on the bloody business. The men were ordered to unload —
on no account to fire. We took a circuit in Dead silence. About one
in the morning fell in with a rebel vadet (a vadet is a Horse Centenel)
who challenged three times and fired. He was pursued but escaped.
Soon after two foot Centrys challenged and fired — who escaped also.
We then marched on briskly still silent — our Company was advanced
immediately preceeding a Company of Riflemen who always are in front —
a picquet fired upon us at the distance of fifteen yards miracuously with-
out effect. This unfortunate Guard was instantly dispatched by the
Riflemen's swords. We rushed on through a thick wood and received a
smart fire from another unfortunate Picquet, as the first instantly mas-
sacred. We then saw their wigwams or Huts partly by almost extin-
guished light of their fires & partly by the light of a few stars & the
frightened wretches endeavouring to form, we then charged. For two
miles we drove them now and then firing scatteringly from behind fences
Trees &c. The flashes of the pieces had a fine effect in the night — then
followed a dreadful scene of Havock. The Light Dragoons came on
Sword in Hand — the shrieks, groans, shouting, imprecations, depreca-

Notes and Queries. 369

tions, the clashing of swords & bayonets &c. , &c. (no firing from us &
little from them except now and then a few as I said before scattering
shots) was more expressive of Horror than are the Thunder of the artil-
lery <&c on the Day of action. They threaten retaliation, vow that they
will give no quarter to any of our Battalions — We are always on the ad-
vanced Post of the army— our present one is unpleasant— our left too
open & unguarded. We expect reinforcements.

There has been firing this night all round the Centrys, which seems
as they endeavour to feel our situation. I am fatigued & must sleep.
Coud'st Thou sleep thus? No more than I cou'd act Sir Wildair in a
ship on fire — nor I at first (entre nous) but Tyrant Custom &c. , yet my
rest is interrupted — I wake once or twice, my Ear is susceptible of the
least noise.

Mr. Washington by the account of some come in today is eighteen
miles distant with his main Body [Pennypacker's Mills] — they also say
He intends to move nearer us resolved to try the event of another Battle.
He has been reinforced. Before the action of the llth. of Septm & the
nocturnal bloody scene our Battalion had a skirmish with Gen1 Maxwell's
light Troops whom we drove from a very strong pass on the Iron Hills.

N. B. I write from Camp near Beggarstown [Germantown] seven
miles distant from Philadelphia, which is garrisoned at present by the
British & Hessian Grenediers under Lord Cornwallis — I have been there
once — it is a fine environ.

Octobr 2d, midnight, in my Tent.

LETTER OF COL. ^NEAS MACKAY TO COL. WILSON, 1775. —

PITTSBURGH 8th Nov 1775.
SIR.

I have done myself the pleasure of informing you in a former Letter
of the Tragical scene exhibited at this place on the Memorable 30th of last
October, about 8 o'clock in the evening. I could not at that time give
you the particulars of what happened after Aston was killed & Mr.
Smith's leg being broke, nor even the circumstances attending that
scene, but purpose now to do it, from the best authority the place can
afford.

The mob accompanied with the two Butlers, Capt Nevel & Mr. Smith,
passing by Thompson's Redoubt, Nevel proposed to go in search of a
Magistrate to the Fort, which Mr. Wm Butler (who had by this time
Recd a Blow from Aston on his broken Collar Bone) objected to saying
he Nevel' s leaving the multitude would be attended with Dangerous
Consequences, considering the outrageous humour they were then in.
Mr. Smith Readily joined in opinion with Butler, offered his service to
go instead of Nevel, whose leave he obtained for that purpose, as did
appear next day upon the oaths of Capt Nevel & Lieut. Waggoner, who
was also present at the time, & Mr. Smith did set off towards the Fort,
when George Aston who was one of the Ringleaders of the mob, and
some small distance behind Nevel & Smith followed him up, saying
God Dame you Smith what makes you be so officious & with that struck
Smith on the side of the head & Eye, and with the Force staggered Mr.
Smith so that he fell into a Clayhole a step or two just before him,
where he fell, but soon Recovered himself and drew his Dirk, which
whether observed by Aston or not judge you, from Aston' s own words at

VOL. xxix. — 24

370 Notes and Queries.

the time, as Declared upon oath next day viz. if you are for that play
come on Smith, who was under Aston on the face of the hill, made a
lung at Aston with his Dirk, and by all probability with eagerness to get
at Smith, Aston found himself upon the point, which went 5£ inches
through his Body, of which he Died immediately, then the mob, in
number I think from 30 to 40, some with and some without arms, who
were made Drunk beforehand for the purpose by the perfideous Savage
Simon Girty & Mrs. Sample, fell to beating Poor Smith with their- Gun
Barrels, Bayonets, Swords & sticks &c, however, he made his escape by
some means from among them, but before he could get out of Reach of
their firing, they snaped five Guns at him, one only of the number went
off which shot Smith through the leg & Broke both Bones, the mob then
gathered around him and Repeated their former brutality with Double
Violence & Barbarity, with an additional Torture of Draging him
through the mude by the Broken Leg, one of the Gang on this occasion
snaped his Gun twice at Mr. Smith's head, but mist fire. Mr James
O'Hara & James McCashland endeavoured by persuation to Rescue out
of their hands, but they were like to pay dear for the attempt, for they
were very neer being murdered by the furious mob. Lieut' Girty,
Morgan & Ride, all three of Capt. Nevel's Corps Distinguished them-
selves on this occasion in point of Cruelty, for which no Doubt they will
be promoted, after they exhausted their malice in the manner aforesaid,
they Draged him into the Fort, kicking and Cuffing him as he was car-
ried along & then he was put in the Guard house, where he would have
been murdered, had it not been for Lieut Waggoner, to whose humanity
Mr. Smith is indebted to for his life, for he stayed with him all night,
in order to keep the outrageous mob, who looks on the Conduct of his
fellow officers that night, with an Eye of Indignation.

By giving Bail Mr. Smith was suffered next Day to be carried up
to his own house, where he now lays, almost covered over with Wounds
and Bruses, besides his broken Leg, he is in great Torture and pain &
its uncertain as yet whether he will live or die. Your friends in this
quarter [torn] now than ever, we know you feel for us and will procure
Relief if you can.

I am Sir with unfeigned Respect

Your most Humble and

most Obed1 Servant

ENS MACKAY.

COL. WILSON

EPITAPHS FROM THE OLD CHURCHYARD AT NESHANNOCK (NEAR
NEW WILMINGTON), LAWRENCE Co., PENNA. — Copied by Helen E.
Keep, Detroit, Mich.

Beneath this stone lies the body of John Young who departed this
life in the 30th (?) year of his age. Feb. 16, A.D. 1826.

Beneath this stone lies the body of Elizabeth Young, consort of John
Young, who departed this life in the 63rd year of her age. May 15,
1825. Be ye also ready.

Mary, wife of Isaac Phillips, died June 9th, 1843 aged 64 years.

In memory of Isaac Phillips, who departed this life July 5, 1824
aged 48 years.

In memory of jane punray departed August the 25 A.D. 1833 aged
16 mo.

Notes and Queries. 371

In memory of Margaret, wife of William Phillips, who departed this
life Mar. 31, 1859, aged 30 years, 5 mo., 21 days.

Christopher Fulkman, Jr, died Sept. 21, 1867, aged 73 years, 6 months.

Sarah C. wife of Christopher Fulkman, died Aug. 26, 1873, aged 73
years, 3 mos. and 16 das.

Christian Folkman, died Mar. 23, 1813, aged 62 years.

In memory of Eichard Tenbroek, who departed this life Apr. 5, 1847,
in the 72nd year of his age.

John Wilson died Oct. 22, 1845 aged 56 years.

Katherine wife of John Wilson, died July 23, 1744, aged 51.

Elizabeth B. Wilson daughter of John and Katherine Wilson died
Dec. 13, 1843 aged 25.

James Love died Sept. 24, 1866 in his 79th years.

Anne Love wife of James Love, died Aug. 28, 1856 in her 72nd year.

Hugh Love died Mar. 1, 1884 aged 79 yrs, 4 mo., 5 da.

Martha wife of Hugh Love, died Sept. 7th, 1860 aged 48 years, 10
months.

In memory of ^ary, consort of William E. Summerville who departed
this life

In memory of Mary Allen, consort of Joseph Allen who died May 5,
1833, in the 34th year of her age.

In memory of William Johnston who departed this life Sept. 9, 1838
in the 75th year of his age.

In memory of Elizabeth consort of William Johnston who departed
this life Dec. 2 (or 24) 1838 in the 68th yeir of his age.

In memory of John McClain who departed this life Nov. 9, A.D.
1838, in the 78th year of his age.

Here lies the body of James McCready, who departed this life Mar.
12, 1825, aged 75 years, 2 months.

In memory of Alexander Cotton, who departed this life Oct. 26, 1811,
in the 70th year of his age.

Bruce Hezlep, died Sept. 16, 1824 aged 49 years.

Maryann wife of Bruce Hezlep, died Sept. 16, 1824 aged 49 years.

William Young,1 died Dec. 27, 1820, in the 80th year of his age.

Mary wife of William Young died Oct. 5, 1836 in the 83rd year of
her age.

GEN. ANTHONY WAYNE CONGRATULATES WASHINGTON ON HIS
ELECTION AS PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. —

RICHMOND STATE OF GEORGIA
6th April 1789.

SIB

Accept of my warmest & sincerest congratulations upon your appoint-
ment to the Presidency of the United States of America, and altho' it
can not add to the Illustrious character you have so justly merited and
established through the World, Yet it reflects additional honor upon the
Western Empire, by a display of Prudence, Wisdom and gratitude in the
choice she has made, of her greatest Soldier, ablest Statesman, & truest

i John and William Young were sons of William Young of Lurgan twp.. Franklin Co.,
Penna., 1753. John Young was private in the Sixth Penna. Battalion, Col. William Irvine,
Revolutionary War, Capt. Abraham Smith's Company. Elizabeth wife of John Young
was daughter of David Elder of Fannet twp.. Franklin Co. John and Elizabeth Young
removed after the Revolution to Indian Run, Mercer Co.. Pa., which is near Neshannock.
Mary wife of William Young wag sister of Elizabeth Elder, wife of John Young.

H. E.K.

372 Notes and Queries.

friend ; to preside over her. The task she has assigned you is ardious,
but you are equal to it — the unbounded confidence placed in you, by
every class of citizens (which no other man could expect or hope for)
will contribute to render it less difficult — in fact it is a Crisis that re-
quires a Washington. I am therefore, tempted to take the liberty as an
individual sincerely & truly devoted to you & to my Country, to pray
you not to decline the trust now committed to your charge ; & at the
same time to offer my ready & best services, shou'd they be at any time
Necessary, either in the Civil or Military line in any quarter of America.
Have the goodness to pardon this freedom, as it flows from the heart
of a sincere friend, & also permit me to introduce Brigr. Genl. James
Jackson (a representative from the State of Georgia) who I know to be
a valuable Citizen, a good Soldier, & an honest man.
^ I hope to have the honor of paying my respects to you at the seat of
Government in the course of the summer. Interim believe me to be
with every sentiment of regard & Esteem,

Your Excellencys
Most Obt.

&
very Humbl Set.

ANTY WAYNE.

LETTER OF LAFAYETTE TO GENERAL WAYNE, 1786. —

PARIS December the 20th 1786.
MY DEAR FRIEND,

The Hey ward' s departure affords me an Opportunity to write to you
Which I eagerly embrace. It Has been My Happy fate to Enjoy such
a pleasing intercourse with my Brother officers, and particularly My
Bosom friends among them, that I cannot find an alleviation in the
Heartfelt privation of that pleasure, but when I have the good fortune
to hear from them, and the power to Express my feelings to them.
There is at present but little of News to impart. You have heard of the
treaty of Commerce between France and England, which are to treat each
other like the Most favoured European Nation, — America being Excepted
of Course. You have no doubt received a letter to Mr. Jefferson, which
however, I enclose. The affairs of Holland are not yet settled.

I beg you will remember me to all my friends in Georgia and Caro-
lina— many of the Charlestown ladies I have the Honor to be acquainted
with. I hope Mrs. Kinloe has not forgotten a friend who loves her
with the tender affection of a Brother. Be pleased to pay My Compli-
ments to the families of Mr. Rutlege, Mr. Bee, Mr. Izard, Mr. Crips,
to our Brother generals and officers— don't forget Colonel Call, my good
friend — nor Col. Washington, nor any of them — and God Grant, My
dear Wayne, I may soon be invited to some fresh punch in your House,
which will perhaps Be the Case next spring, and most Certainly before
the End of next Winter. I Have written many letters to Charlestown
which I am afraid have Miscarried — I beg you will mention it to such
as did not receive my answers.

If you with a family in Georgia, I beg you will not forget My Re-
spects— and am with those Sentiments of Regard and affection which
are not a New thing to You,

My Dear friend

Yours

LAFAYETTE.

Notes and Queries.

373

MUSTER ROLL OF THE FOURTH COMPANY, FIRST BATTALION, THIRD
REGIMENT, SOMERSET COUNTY NEW JERSEY MILITIA, 1808.

Cornelius Terhune, Captain.
Jonathan Everett, Lieutenant.
Jesse Woodward, Ensign.
Joseph H. Skelton, Clerk.

Andrew Mershon,
Elisha Clark,
William Slingland,
Matthew G. Ferguson,
John Parsage,
John Napton,
John Nevius,
William Schenck,
Jacob Frelinghuysen,
Ephraim Applegate,
Francis D. Janvier,
Jonathan Cool, •
David Johnson,
Thomas Jones,
Samuel Bayles,
Benjn Hubbard,
Joseph Van Huys,
David Runyan,
William Downie,
Wm Davison,
Isaac Skilman,
Elisha Sortore,
Wm Johnson,
David Johnson,
Mayer Smith,
James Johnson,
William Peirce,
Bloomfield.

Thomas Millet,
Job Stockton,
Peter Tharp,
James G. Ferguson,
Samuel Abrams,
Forman Hight,
John Robeson,
Jacob Keen,
William Johnson,
John Leonard,
Jesse Scott,
William Cool,
Cornelius Blanc,
Jacob Gulick,
Aaron Hight,
Elias Scudder,
David Clark,
Charles Crawford,
Robert Davison,
Wm Hamilton,
Sam1 Bayard,
Lewis Johnson,
Stacy Morford,
Jeremiah Updyke,
Samuel Jeffries,
Daniel Agnew,
John Updyke,

Josiah Worsh,
Patrick Duncan,
John Norris,
John F. Molatt,
Robert Voorhees,
Peter Bogart,
George Davis,
Cornelius Grover,
Jon. Davids,
William Joline,
Isaac Homer,
Gabriel Smith,
William Jones, Jr.,
Robert Baytes,
Samuel Skilman, Jr.,

Smith,

James Caldwell,
Joseph Stants,
Jediah Davison,
Sam1 Updyke,
Michael Ryley,
Caleb Johnson,
John Gross.
John Bronn,
Rich* Compton,
Henry Van de Waters
John Cheston,

KINSEY. — In "A Register of Marriages and Deaths, 1803," PENNA.
MAG., Vol. xxiv., p. 207, for John Kinsey, read James Kinsey. He
was appointed Chief Justice of New Jersey, November 20, 1789.

W. N.

LETTER OF ASHBEL SEYMOUR TO " JOSIAH WILLARD IN NEWING-
TON IN WEATHERSFIELD IN CONNECTICUT," 1775. — Donated by De
Forrest Willard, M.D., to The Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
Ashbel Seymour served in the "Lexington Alarm" campaign as a
private, and was Sergeant of Ninth Company, Captain John Chester,
Second Connecticut Regiment, Colonel Joseph Spencer. The names in
italics indicate that they were killed at Bunker Hill.

CAMBRIG June 19 1775.

I have now an opportunity to Right to you to inform you that thro the
Goodness of God I am alive & well, notwithstanding the many hazards
I have been in of Late. Last Satterday was a day which New England
never beheld the scene before — Cannons roaring, drums Beating, Bells

374 Notes and Queries.

Ringing to Alarm her Sons to go forth in her Defence & to spill their
precious Blood to save her from Ruin & misery.

Last Satterday the Battel began about 2 Clock in the afternoon &
Lasted near 3 hours. Grape shot & musket balls as thick as Hail — had
not the Lord been on our side thousands must have fell, but our Lives
were spared, so that we hope that 50 is the most that are dead — About
as many more wounded. There is 4 of our Company missing, we sup-
pose are Dead, 3 wounded not mortally. Wilson Roulinson, Roger Fox,
Laurence Sullivan, Garshum Smith Dead, newington people are well
except Daniel Deman, [Deming] , finger shot off in battel — some shot
thro their Clothes.

A Remarkable providence that we were preserved. For the Regulars
stormed our Entrenchments, we was obliged to Retreet they firing upon
us — there was above 400 of the enemy tis supposed. It was thought we
took an Emprudent step by going so near the mouths of their Cannon to
entrench For they played upon us on three sides with Cannon. Charles-
town is all burnt down, the entend to burn Cambrig.

I Received yours Dated June 12 which informs me that you are well
& all your fathers family. I remember my Love to them all & to all
Enquirers.

I subscribe my name

ASHBEL SEYMOUR.

NAZARETH HALL. — In May last, the sesqui-centennial anniversary
of the laying of the corner-stone of Nazareth Hall, the oldest church
boarding school in Pennsylvania, was celebrated, upward of three hun-
dred of the alumni being present. Of the early directors of the school,
the Rev. Francis C. Lembke, Ph.M., was, perhaps, the most learned.
He was born at Blansingen, Baden, July 13, 1704. He was first sent to
the Gymnasium at Durlach and then to the " Collegium Wilhelmita-
num" at Strasburg. He applied himself with much diligence to his
studies, and made such rapid progress in them that he was admitted to
the University in his seventeenth year. There he devoted all his
energies to a further study of the classics, and especially philosophy, so
that his acquirements soon attracted the attention of the trustees, and
he was looked upon as a candidate for a professorship. In 1733 he
went to Jena, but two years later was recalled to Strasburg, as professor
in the Gymnasium. Entering the ministry of the Moravian Church in
1746, he spent the following nine years in Germany and England. In
1754 he was sent to Pennsylvania, and from 1759 to 1779 was the dis-
tinguished director of Nazareth Hall. He died July 11, 1785.

LETTER OF ELISHA STODDARD, 1776. — Presented by De Forrest

Willard, M.D., to The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Elisha

Stoddard was a private in Captain John Morgan's company, Eighth
Regiment, Connecticut Militia.

BROTHER.

In a hurry I take this opportunity to present you with a short sketch
of what I met with since I left home. Sailed from Rockey-hill Saturday
about 10 of the Clock — Come to an Anchor at Moodus about sunset —
Sailed from thence on Sunday at sunrise — arrived at Saybrook about
noon, past by Forkin Island at 7 of the Clock — went through Hell Gate
on Monday about 12 — arrived here at 2 in the afternoon.

Notes and Queries. 375

I have been in good health since I left home, not seasick at all —
Several of the Company were very sick in passing the Sound. James
Camp has hardly got over it yet.

I have been round viewing the City and Fortifications — have had a
view of the Ministiral Fleet and Camp on Statan Island it struck a dread
upon me at first sight but seem a little more harden'd to it now how my
courage would serve me in an ingagement.

The ships that were up the north river returned on Sunday morning,
piloted by a trator through a part of the chanel of the river where the
blocking was not completed — our artillery at the forte play'd upon them
with very little effect, they fired from the Ships and some of their Balls
went over the City and fell into Harbor on the other side.

What is like to be done further I know not, last night the talk was
that the Regulars would be here today as their Tents were struck, but
they are pitched again now. We have a very numerous Army here,
every street swarms with Soldiers, some think there is near 100,000 men
here abouts — they are constantly coming in.

Your brother and the rest who came by Land are not arrived, as I can
hear (one of the clock). We are quartered in the middle of the city in a
very good House, Hanover Street. But I must close my scrawl, thanking
God for my preservation hitherto — hoping for the continuation of his
protection, and trusting that in your prayers you will not forget

Your friend and Brother

ELISHA STODDABD.

NEW YORK,

Aug 20th 1776.

DR. JOHN MORGAN'S NOTICE TO DR. WILLIAM SHIPPEN, JR.,
TO ATTEND THE TAKING OF DEPOSITIONS OF WITNESSES FOR His
APPROACHING TRIAL, 1779. — Original in Manuscript Collection of
The Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

SIR.

Please to take notice that on Saturday Jan1* 1 1780 at nine o'clock in
the morning I propose to examine & take the Depositions of David
Thomas & Owen Thomas, at the house of the former, being three miles
from the Yellow Springs in Vincent Township, Chester County, & at
half past 10 o'clock of Mrs. Sarah Kennedy at her House at the Yellow
Springs, as Evidence on your approaching Trial. On Monday the 3d
of January at 10, 11, & 12 o'clock I propose to take the Depositions of
Christopher Marshall Esqr, Mr. Bowsman & Mr. Derringer (late Tavern-
keeper) all of Lancaster, at their respective houses in Lancaster.

On Tuesday the 4th of January I propose to take the Depositions of
Jacob Kimmel & Henry Bear, of Ephrata, at 10 o'clock at the house of
Jacob Kimmel, living at the Mill at Ephrata of Christian Roherback,
Tavernkeeper, at Ephrata, at the 12 mile stone from Lancaster ; at £
after ten of Peter Miller & [torn] of Ephrata ; & at 12 Susannah &
John Miller at Miller's Tavern, half a mile from Ephrata. At 3 o'clock
in the afternoon of the same day I propose to take the Deposition of
Philip Eppright at his House in Adams Town.

On Thursday the 6th of January from 10 o'clock and on Friday
morning from the same hour, I propose to take the Depositions of the
following persons at the house of John Hartman, Tavern Keeper at

376 Notes and Queries.

Beading viz. Wm Keeper, Daniel Levan, John Hartman, Adam Haltze-
der, Henry Haffa, Capt. John Hears, Andrew Engle, John Fry,
Michael Conrad, M. Dagenhart, Jacob Stehley, Baltzar Geer, Michael
Bright, D. Waller, Elizabeth Nietz or Nightly, Susannah Babb, Hannah
Lewis, Nicholas Bower, & C. Bauny.

On Saturday at 5 o'clock p. m. Janry 8, I propose to examine & take
the Deposition of Jacob Gangewer at Allen Town, Northampton County
at Robert Levers Esq ; on Monday at 10 o'clock a. m. I propose to take
the Deposition of Docf Otto at Nazareth, at his own house.

On Tuesday January llth at 10 o'clock I propose to take the Deposi-
tions of Nicholas Rimmel & John Marricle, at the house of Nicholas
Rimmel, 4 miles from Bethlehem, on the Road to Springford, and at 12
o'clock of the Rev. Mr. Ettwein, of John Hassey, Ephraim Culver &
Jost Johnson, at Johnson's Tavern, Bethlehem, & on Wednesday Jany
12 at 4 o'clock in the afternoon I intend to take the Deposition of Wm
Bennet, Tavern Keeper, in Bucks County, on the Old York Road 28
miles from Philad*.

These several Depositions are intended to be produced in evidence on
your approaching Trial agreeable to the Resolve of Congress of this day,

JOHN MORGAN.

PHILADA. Dec. 24 1779.

To Dr WM SHIPPEN Jun.,
Direct' Gen1 &c.

ABSTRACT OF MANUMISSION OF A NEGRO SLAVE OF GEN. ANTHONY
WAYNE, 1792. — Manumission of negro, Edward Potts, aged fifteen
years, General Wayne reserving his ' ' servitude' ' for himself and assigns
for nine years. Indenture for the same to be made out the day follow-
ing, General Wayne for himself and heirs releasing all right in him as
a slave, only reserving him as servant. Signed by Anthony Wayne
and witnessed by Thomas Harrison in Philadelphia, before Matthew
Clarkson, Mayor, May 25, 1792.

GENERAL ANTHONY WAYNE NEEDS A FURLOUGH. —

CAMP AT THE GULF 19th Deer. 1777.
DEAR SIR : —

After strugling with a Stub'ron cold for near two Months and a pain
in my breast Occasioned by a fall at Germantown where my horse was
shot under me — the Caitiff has taken post in my Lungs and throat — and
unless I am permitted to change my Ground I dread the Consequences —
I have not Interest Sufficient with his Excellency to Obtain leave of
Absence long enought to effect a Radical cure — my physicians advise me
to go to some Inland town or place where I can be properly Attended and
procure a Suitable Regimen — I have now been on Constant duty for 23
Month Sixteen of which I served in Canada and Ticonderoga the Re-
mainder with his Excellency during which period I have never had One
single moment respite my private Interest is in a suffering Condition all
the Accts of Money's Reed, and Expenditures since I entered the service
remain unsettled — so that if any misfortune should happen me there is
no person who could Liquidate them — These Considerations together
with my state of Health Induces me to request you to lay my case before
Congress and endeavour to Obtain leave of Absence for me for five or Six
Weeks, I am Confident that when they Reflect on the length of time I

Notes and Queries. 377

have served them together with the hard duty I have underwent they
will not hesitate to grant me this Indulgence it being the first I ever
akcd.

I am happy to hear that my Daughter has blessed you with a Son —
and that she is likely to Assist in forming his young mind and placing
him in the bright path to Honor Virtue freedom and Glory — from which
T trust that neither he nor my little fellow will turn and altho' the track
should be marked with their father's Blood.

I wish you to forward the furlow I require with all possible dispatch.
Interim I am your most

Obt Huml Sert

ANTY WAYNE.

EXTRACTS FROM THE DAY-BOOK OF CHARLES WILLSON PEALE;
EXPENDITURES ON ACCOUNT OF HIS MUSEUM; 1808-1813. —

1808. Box of Raisins and 6 Ibs Almonds for the use of the Orchestra,
$7.50. Music from Blake for Organ, $34. 6 Bottles Lemonade, $4.
32* galls Lamp Oil, $32^: Bear's cage $30. Posting Bills $2.50.
4 Cast Iron Stoves, $25. 40 bush. Lehigh Coal, $20.50. 8 Portraits
by Rembrandt Peale, $400.

1809. 20 bush Virginia Coal, $8. Organ of 8 stops made by Low
$1000. 2 patent Lamp, of 4 wicks each, $56. Claronet, $16.

1810. 2 Chandeliers bought of Bradford, $60., 12 Lamps made by
Leadbeater, $48. Live Elk, $15. Deformed Calf, $40.

1811. Mr. Vivant for gilding 24 portraits, $162. Plastering and
material done in State House Steeple, $33. Black Rattlesnake, $10.
Abbot's Stove, $35. 1 Copy Dr Shippen, $30. Paid James Peale,
varnishing and finishing the Collection, $90.

1812. Advertising in Aurora 2 years, $61.37. Electrical Table, made
by G. Jones, $18. James Peale repairing pictures, $1.50 Raphaelle
for picture of the fish on wood, $15. and Watermellon, $30.

1813. R. P. Gumming, for coppering the State House, $13.50.
Pamphlets of Pictures, $138.50. Glass for Electrical plate, $25. Por-
trait of Gen. Davis, $30. Frame, $8. Portraits of Com. Decatur and
Capt. Jones, by R. Peale $160. 4000 Handbills, $5.12*. Luken's
Model of Perpetual Motion, $80. A View up the Schuylkill, $12.
Plaster busts of Rush & Physick, $20.

The gross receipts of the museum from 1795 to 1808, were $42,101. 22$.

SUSAN LEAR. — I have in my possession an interesting journal kept
by a Philadelphia girl, Susan Lear, during a visit to Providence and
several places in Massachusetts in 1788. From Philadelphia to Provi-
dence she travelled with Mr. and Mrs. Nicholas Brown, and is said to
have been related to Mrs. Brown (Avis Binney). She was the guest of
the Brown family in Providence, and of Gen. Hull in Newton, Mass.

Not long after 1788 Susan Lear married Capt. James Duncan in
Philadelphia and they moved to Mercer County, Pa.

From the journal, which mentions many well-known people of the
time, the Lear family must have been of some prominence in Philadel-
phia. Can anyone tell me who Susan Lear was ? H. E. K.

763 JKPTER80N AV«., DETROIT, MlCH.

378 Notes and Queries.

HENDERSON, GASS, YOUNG, ELDER. — 1. Who was Kobert Hender-
son (born 1748), who came from Cootehill, County Cavan, Ireland, to
Philadelphia about 1795, with his wife, Jane Carnahan, and several
children? Later they went to Pittsburg and from there to Mercer
County, where they settled in a place afterwards called Hendersonville.

Wanted — records of descendants of Robert and Jane (Carnahan) Hen-
derson for a genealogy.

2. Benjamin Gass, of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, died in 1752,
leaving a wife (Eleanor) and children : Benjamin, Prudence, Mary, and
William. The guardians of the children were Benjamin Chambers and
John Potter. The wife of Benjamin Gass, Sr., was Eleanor Galbraith.
Who was she?

3. Mary Gass, daughter of Benjamin and Eleanor (Galbraith) Gass,
married Lieut. William Stewart, of Carlisle, who came from Green Hill,
Donegal, Ireland, about 1750 and was in Col. Hazen's regiment, " Con-
gress Own," in the Revolutionary War. There is a family tradition
that Mary Gass was at one time stolen by the Indians, and that a book
was written about her experiences. Can any one tell me anything
about this book or pamphlet ?

4. William Young was taxable on the list of Lurgan Township,
Franklin County, Pennsylvania (then part of Cumberland County), in
1753. He died before March 6, 1753. His wife was Elizabeth. Their
children were :

1. William married Mary Elder.

2. John married Elizabeth Elder.

3. Elizabeth married John McConnell.

4. Gilsey married Daniel Slaymaker.

5. Margaret married Andrew Hemphill.

6. Another daughter.

David Elder's grandchildren mentioned in the will were : David, son
of William Elder, Noah Elder, and Elizabeth Barr.

Who was David Elder ? Was he the son of James Elder, the brother
of the Rev. John Elder, of Paxtang?

4. David Elder in 1778 was Justice of the Peace in Fannet Town-
ship, Franklin County, Pennsylvania. In his will, dated 1807, he be-
queathed to his children and grandchildren about 700 acres of land.
His children were :

1. William married Sarah Abraham and had Noah Abraham, who
lived near Germantown, Pa.

2. Elizabeth married John Young.

3. Mary married William Young.

4. John, born 1765 or 1772.

5. William married Mary Leeper.

6. Jane.

7. James, born 1776.

Who was John Young ? Family tradition says that he was the son of
John Young and Mary White, of Wyoming County, and that John
Young, Sr., was killed by the Indians. H. E. K.

753 JEFFERSON AVE., DETKOIT, MICH.

LOWNES. — Information is wanted of the descendants of Caleb Lownes,
who was living in Philadelphia in 1794. Where may they be found?

H. E.
2026 MOUNT VERNON STREET, PHILADELPHIA.

Notes and Queries.

379

ALUMNI CATALOGUE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. — The
Alumni Catalogue Committee of the University of Pennsylvania requests
data concerning graduates of the early medical classes. A query mark
indicates that the place of residence of a graduate, at the time of matricu-
lating, is unknown or in doubt. The Editorial Committee desires to
ascertain (1) the full name of each man, when initials only are given ;
(2) dates in full, and place of death ; (3) academic honors or degrees
conferred, with names and dates of institutions conferring them; (4)
reference, etc., printed matter, memoirs, etc., concerning these men.

Information may be forwarded at once to the office of the General
Alumni Society, 3451 Woodland avenue, Philadelphia.

1769.

James Armstrong, New York.
Thomas Pratt, South Carolina (?).
Alexander Skinner, Virginia.
Myndert Veeder, New York.
John Winder, Vinginia (?).

1771.

Jonathan Easton, Rhode Island.
Frederick Kuhn, Pennsylvania.
John Kuhn, Pennsylvania.
Robert Pottinger, Maryland.

1773.

Thomas Biddle, Pennsylvania.
1780.

William W. Smith, Maryland (?).
John Foulke, Pennsylvania.

1781.
Ezekiel Bull, Maryland.

1782.

Nicholas Coxe, Maryland.
James Craik, Maryland.
John Gibbons, Pennsylvania.
Ennals Martin, Maryland.
Walter Payne, Virginia.

1783.

John Morris, Pennyslvania.
Thomas Waring, South Carolina.
John Watson, Pennsylvania.

1784.

Joseph Blythe, New York.
Reuben Guilder, Virginia.
Elisha John Hall, Maryland.
James Lyon, Virginia.
John McSparran, Pennsylvania.
Monzien, Virginia.

• 1785.

James Gilchrist (?).

Isaac Hayne (?).

Richard Hopkins, Maryland.

Samuel Knox, Pennsylvania (?).

John McConnell (?).

Edward Miller, Delaware.

Robert Walker (?).

1786.
John Graham, Pennsylvania.

1787.

Robert Coleman, Virginia (?).
Peter Keene, Maryland or Virginia.
Andrew McDowall, Pennsylvania.
John Ramsay, Pennsylvania (?).

1788.

James Beatty, Pennsylvania (?).
William Parker, South Carolina.

1789.

Charles Harris, Pennsylvania (?).
Stephen Theodore Johnson, Mary-
land.
Frederick Zerbaut (?).

380 Notes and Queries.

ASHTON — CLARE — AUBREY. — Charles Ashton of Northumberland
Co., Va., an officer in the Colonial Militia and a Justice of the County
Court, testified that he was aged forty years in 1665. He was a near
kinsman of Capt. Peter Ashton, an associate of Col. John Washington,
the immigrant, and the Ashton family was one of the most important of
the Colonial aristocracy of Virginia. The wife of Charles Ashton was
Isabel, whose family name does not appear. But in the oldest record
book of Northumberland Co., Va., now very badly wormed, there is at
p. 61, May 1654, a deed of gift from Richard Clare for the consider-
ation of love and affection to "John Ashton sonne to Charles Ashton"
of a cow and calf. This makes it likely that when Charles at the age
of 29 had raised a son to 8 or 10 years of age the maternal grandfather
of the boy gave him a cow and calf.

In Colonial Pennsylvania there were two women, Barbara and Martha
Aubrey from the Welsh-Norman family of that name, descendants of
Saunders de St. Aubrey, brother of the Duke of Boulogne, who came
into England with William the Conqueror. After the conquest of
England Sir Bernard Newmarch with several other Norman nobles
undertook and accomplished the conquest of South Wales, slaying in
battle Khys ap Tudor, King of South Wales and son of Tudor the
Great, late King of all Wales. Among the companions of Bernard
was Sir Reginald Aubrey who married Isabel daughter of Richard de
Clare Earl of Briony.

It seems that the occurrence of these three names Isabel, Richard and
Clare, must be something other than accidental, albeit they are some five
centuries apart. Still there are instances of names coming down in
families through equally long periods.

GEORGE WILSON.
LEXINGTON, Mo.

MEREDITH. — Wanted the names of parents and the birth-place of
Hannah Meredith, who was married to Capt. Harry Gordon, R. E.,
January 30, 1762, at Christ P. E. Church, Philadelphia. W. J.

ffiooh notices.

RICHARD SPELMAN'S DESCENDANTS. — Mrs. Fannie C. W. Bar-
bour, of 169 Hicks Street, Brooklyn, New York, is compiling a gene-
alogy of the descendants of Richard Spelman, born in Danbury, Essex
County, England, and settled in Middletown, Connecticut, about 1700.
She requests all descendants, who have not already done so, to communi-
cate with her at once, to enable her to complete the data to date.

June, 1905.

YEAR BOOK OF THE PENNSYLVANIA SOCIETY, 1905. Edited by Barr

Ferree. New York. 1905. 8vo, 208 pp.

Mr. Secretary Ferree has compiled an interesting and valuable book
for the members of this enterprising Society. In addition to the frontis-
piece, a portrait of United States Senator Philander C. Knox, upwards

Notes and Queries. 381

of seventy engravings illustrate the text. A copy of this annual should
be found in every library in Pennsylvania.

THE MAGAZINE OF HISTORY, WITH NOTES AND QUERIES. Vol. I.

New York. 1905. Subscription price, $5.00 per annum.
The Magazine of American History, founded in 1877, was ably edited
until 1893 by John Austin Stevens and Mrs. Martha J. Lamb, when its
publication was suspended. The new magazine, edited and published
by Mr. William Abbatt, who is favorably known in historical circles, is,
in general appearance and in type, a close duplicate of the old monthly.
The articles which have been printed are valuable and interesting, and
the genealogical department will be a leading feature in the new monthly.
It is a welcome addition to the cause of historical and genealogical re-
search, and has our best wishes for success.

A BRANCH OF THE WOODRUFF STOCK. By Francis E. Woodruff.

Parts I., II., III. 1902-5.

The three leaflets, so far published, contain sketches of John Gos-
mer, John Woodruff, the immigrant, and his two sons ; the Westfield
Woodruffs ; and Dr. Hezekiah Stites Woodruff. The appendices are
rich in genealogical details and notes, and several maps illustrate the
text. Descendants will find them very helpful. Copies may be ob-
tained of the compiler at 9 James Street, Morristown, N. J.

GENEALOGICAL RECORDS OF GEORGE SMALL, PHILIP ALBRIGHT,
JOHANN DANIEL DUNCKEL, WILLIAM GEDDES LATIMER, THOMAS
BARTOW, JOHN REID, DANIEL BENEZET, JEAN CROMMELIN, JOEL
RICHARDSON. Compiled by Samuel Small, Jr. Philadelphia.
1905. Printed for Private Distribution. Roy. 4to, pp. 393. Illus-
trated.

It is a pleasure to welcome this recent contribution to Pennsylvania
genealogies. The compilation of the records of his family by Mr.
Small, revised and edited by Miss Anne H. Cresson, has been earnestly
and ably prepared ; the type and paper are excellent, and the volume,
externally and internally, has everything that gladdens the soul of the
lover of beautiful books.

The founder of the Small family, of York, Lorentz Schmahl, came
to Pennsylvania with his wife and five children, from Essenheim, Duchy
of Hesse, in the year 1743. Many of his descendants intermarried into
prominent families of the State, and are noted for their probity, philan-
thropy and commercial enterprise and their services in the struggle for
Independence. In addition to the genealogical records enumerated in
the title, mention may be made of the Kramer, Uber, Geddes, and Wels-
chance connections. The illustrations, artistically in keeping with the
character of the work, are reproductions of family portraits and coats
of arms.

THE MORAVIANS IN GEORGIA, 1735-1740. By Adelaide L. Fries.

Winston-Sal em, N. C. 1905. 252 pp. Illustrated.
The history of the first attempt of the Moravian Church to establish a
settlement in the American Colonies of Great Britain has not before re-
ceived the attention its importance deserves, and the publication of the

382 Notes and Queries.

work under notice is timely. It was probably through the negotiations of
Count Zinzendorf with the Trustees of Georgia, in behalf of the Schwenk-
felders, who had been granted asylum on his estate, that the idea occurred
of founding a Moravian settlement on the Savannah River, as a centre
for missionary labors among the Indians of the South. Land having
been obtained of the Trustees, the first Moravian colonists sailed from
England early in 1735, and were followed by the second party later in
the year. Among the passengers on this vessel were General Oglethorpe
and the brothers John and Charles Wesley. In 1737, hostilities between
the colonists of Spain and England breaking out, and military service
being demanded of the Moravians, which they refused, they finally
determined to transfer their people to Pennsylvania, and Bethlehem
was founded. In the preparation of this work the author has had access
to the original^ documents in the Moravian archives in Europe and
America, and it is authentic in its details. The text is liberally illus-
trated by portraits and maps.

THE AMERICAN WEEKLY MERCURY, VOL. Ill, 1721-1722. (Fac-
simile).

The Colonial Society of Pennsylvania has issued to its members a
fac-simile of The American Weekly Mercury, Vol. iii, 1721-1722,
printed by Andrew Bradford. An edition of two hundred and fifty
copies was printed, after which all the plates and negatives were
destroyed. A limited number of copies of Vols. i and ii, are on sale.
Price $5. 00.

THE IMMIGRATION OF THE ENGLISH QUAKERS INTO PENNSYLVANIA
AND NEW JERSEY, 1675-1750. — I desire to announce that I have been
engaged for some years in the collection of materials for an extended
work on the above subject, having examined the Quaker records both
here and in England. The study, as proposed, will be somewhat simi-
lar in plan to my " Immigration of the Irish Quakers into Pennsylvania,"
published in 1902, although I shall hope to make it broader and more
scientific in treatment. An important feature of the work is an investi-
gation of the English origins of the immigrants. I shall endeavor to
treat of the religious, social, and economic life of the colonists in their
old home and to show what mental and physical characteristics, what
manners and customs, what ideas and institutions they contributed to
the making of Pennsylvania and the American nation. The religious
annals of the early Friends have been fully exploited and the printed
materials are abundant, but their social and economic history, like that
of the other members of the great middle class of the seventeenth cen-
tury, in England, is yet to be dug from the scattered manuscript sources.

Some aspects of the social and economic history of the seventeenth-
century English Friends which I wish to discuss are included under the
following heads: social status, occupations, financial condition, land
tenure, houses, house and farm furnishings, education, reading matter,
social intercourse, manners and customs, superstitions, training for citi-
zenship in Penn's Quaker experiment in government, knowledge of
English local government, familiarity with legal forms and courts of law
through persecution.

Other topics of the work for consideration are : religious, economic,
and other causes of migration, inducements that led the immigrants to

Notes and Queries. 383

Pennsylvania, places in England whence the immigrants came, extent
and intensity of the migration, ports of embarking, the voyage, ships,
ship-stores, provisions, cost of passage, incidents of the migration,
dangers and difficulties of the voyage, aid to immigrants, indentured
servants, etc.

A list of the immigrants, with notes of the places whence they came,
and the like, compiled from certificates of removal, meeting minutes,
and other sources, is included in the plan.

Information or suggestions on any aspect of my subject will be grate-
fully received. I am especially desirous of learning of any old diaries,
journals, letters, and the like, throwing light on the migration. I shall
also be glad to have genealogical records and notes of migrating Friends
from minute books in England and to obtain views of any old houses in
England that are known to have been occupied by Friends of the sev-
enteenth century. ALBERT COOK MYERS.
KENNETT SQUARE, PENNSYLVANIA.

THE KITTOCHTINNY MAGAZINE. A TENTATIVE RECORD OF LOCAL
HISTORY AND'GENEALOGY WEST OF THE SUSQUEHANNA. G. O.
Seilhamer, Editor and Publisher, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.
Published quarterly at $3 per annum.

The main scope of this new quarterly is set forth in its title, and as it
is not proposed to publish anything in the nature of a complete history
of the district, its veteran and scholarly editor will spare no pains to
make it worthy of the importance of the field to which it relates. The
numbers which have appeared contain valuable contributions to local
genealogy, and the historical papers have been prepared with much
care. The magazine is worthy of the most liberal general support, for
through its developments an important section of the State's history and
that of its peoples is made accessible.

HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, AND ITS CENTEN-
NIAL CELEBRATION. By Rev. Joseph H. Bausman, A.M. In two
volumes, 8vo. New York. 1904.

The territory which is now within the bounds of Beaver County, lay
in the track of the early French and English explorers of the valley of
the Mississippi and its great tributary the Ohio. It was the scene of
the labors of Jesuit and Moravian missionaries, and its wilds were also
penetrated by men who subsequently became illustrious in the annals
of the nation, — Washington, Wayne, St. Clair, Harmar, and George
Rogers Clark. A work on local history, to be instructive, should be
more than a compilation of dates, statistics, and isolated facts, — it should
have such a background of general history as will give the reader an
intelligent understanding of the causes and events described. In this
the author has been successful, for his work has been conceived in a
spirit of scholarly regard for historical accuracy ; it gives evidence of
wide research, and it has been arranged with good judgment. The
chapters dealing with the period prior to the beginning of the last century,
are particularly valuable, for they are rich in data which had not been
developed before, and are not only interesting locally, but form an im-
portant contribution to the history of the western section of the State.
The volumes are printed with clear type, on fine paper, and are liberally
illustrated with reproductions of rare pictures.

384 Notes and Queries.

LE DROIT INTERNATIONAL ; LES PRINCIPES, LES THEORIES, LES
FAITS, PAR ERNEST NYS, CONSEILLER, A LA COUR D'APPEL,

PROFESSEUR A L'UNIVERSITE DE BRUXELLES. Brussels and

Paris. 1905.

Two of the three volumes of this handsome work have now been pub-
lished. In them the author, M. Ernest Nys, Conseiller a la Cour
d'appel de Bruxelles, has made numerous references to the Monroe
Doctrine, and to the impulsion given by the United States to the devel-
opment in many directions of International Law. Judge Nys, who is
a member of 1'Institut de Droit International, and whom the King of
the Belgians has made, because of his scholarly writings in the past
upon questions of the Laws of Nations, a Chevalier de POrdre de Leo-
pold, fortifies his statements and opinions with a wealth of references
and facts.

LETTERS OF MARY BOARDMAN CROWNINSHIELD, 1815-1816. Edited
by Francis Boardman Crowninshield. Cambridge. 1905. 8vo,
pp. 82. Illustrated.

This interesting collection of letters was written by Mrs. Crowninshield
to her family in Salem, Massachusetts, during her residence in Washing-
ton of five months, her husband having been appointed by President
Madison, Secretary of the Navy, to succeed William Jones, of Penn-
sylvania, who had resigned. The second war for independence was
drawing to a close, the White House and most of the public buildings
had been burned by the British, and many prominent people were com-
pelled to live in boarding houses, but the delightfully intimate accounts
that she gives of her official and social life, and those of her friends at
the Capital, add a charm to the collection. The editor has furnished
numerous explanatory notes. Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Crowninshield,
painted by Vanderlyn, are reproduced in photogravure. The volume
has been printed at the Riverside Press, in a limited edition of 300
numbered copies, and can only be had at the offices of Houghton,
Mifflin & Co., 4 Park Street, Boston, and 85 Fifth Avenue, New York
city. Price, $2.50 a copy, post-paid.

THE

PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.

VOL. XXIX. 1905. No. 4.

WASHINGTON'S HOUSEHOLD ACCOUNT BOOK,

1793-1797.

[In May of 1904 The Historical Society of Pennsylvania purchased
the Household Account Book of Washington, covering his second term
as President of the United States. The first 32 pages are in the hand-
writing of Tobias Lear and the remainder (256 pages) in that of Bar-
tholomew Dandridge. The entries begin March 4, 1793, and close with
March 25, 1797, and record the receipts of cash " for the use of the
President," and the daily household disbursements.]

March 4th, 1793.

Cash remaining on hand on closing the old
Books from April, 1789, to this date, as
per Ledger A, Folio 68 ..... 292.79
5th

Contgt. Exps. Dr. To Cash

delvd. to Laurence "Washington to pay

his barber ..... 2.

7th

Sund. Exps. Dr. To Cash

Contgt. Exp. delvd. G. S. Washington to

pay his barber . . . * . • . • ! "'• • • • ' • 2.
House Exp. pd. Fidus Imhoff

a months wages .'-' . 10. 12.

VOL. xxix.— 25 ( 385 )

386 Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797.

9th

Sundries Dr. To Cash

Mr. B. Dandridge pd. him on acct. of
Salary ........... 3.

Mr. H. Lewis pd. him on acct. of do. . 10. 13.

Cash Dr. to the Treasy. of the U. S.

reed, for the use of the President . . . 4000.

Paid Colo. Hamilton the money borrowed

from him on the 1st of feby. . . . 2000.

Sundries Dr. To Cash

Contgt. Exp. pd. Subs, to the Columbia

Asylum 6 mo ......... 1.20

Contgt Exp. gave a poor man by the

Presds order ......... 1.

do. delvd to G. S. Washington to pay his

Music Master ........ 4.

Mr. Dandridge pd him on Acct of Sal-

ary ............ 10. 16.20

- 12th -
Sundries Dr. To Cash

Saml Fraunces deld him to purchase

SundsforHo ........ 272.58

House Exp pd for 406lbs loaf Sugar . . 98.13
Do. pd for a Cask Lamp Oil .... 24.84

Contgt Exp. pd tinmans Acct .... 4.10

do. pd for linnen & Cambrick and mak-

ing 7 shirts for Hercules ..... 15.38
do. pd Mrs. Tarbet for Mrs. Washington 3.68
do. pd Mrs. Lockeyr for Mrs. "Washing-

ton ............ 21.27

,do. pd Mr. Guest for Cambrick & Muslin

for Mrs. Washington . . ... . 78.63

do. pd Mrs. Smart for Cloak bonnet &c.

for Mrs. Fanny Washington . . . 26.59

Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797. 887

do. pd for Sundr for Mr. Washington
pr Acct .. ........... 16.07

do. pd for 5 yds. Muslin for do. » * 7.16

do. pd I. Parish for a hat for L. Wash-

ington . ,<-v . ; ^ »".... 3.73

do. pd Mr. Dunlap for his paper to the

end of the year 1792 ...... 8. 680.16

- ISth -
Sund Expenses Dr. To Cash

House Exp. pd for 10J Cords wood,

haulg piling &c . . . . ^ ..j. '.„, ;. 33.59
Stable Exp pd for 93 bushls Oats @ 2.10 35.13
do. pd. for 100 bundles Straw . . . 4.45
Contgt Exp pd for sitting a Miniature

& 2p. earrings for Mrs. Washington . 9. 82.17

Contgt Exp Dr. To Cash

pd. for 21 yds Muslin for Mr. Washing-

ton ....... ^ ..... 1.

- 15th -
Contgt Exp. Dr. To Cash

deld to Wm. Osborne to buy 2 pr Stock-

ings for the Presdt & 1 yd blk Crepe 4.94

pd. Mr Manly for Sandals for Miss

Custis . . . , .. ,.. ..... 4.64 9.58

- 16th -

Mr H Lewis Dr. To Cash

pd. him on acct of Salary ..... 4.50

- 18th -
Sundries Dr. To Caah

House Exp. pd Chs Liddle in full for
wages ........... 11.

Contgt Exp. deld to G. S. Washington
to pay for cleang shoes and for quills 2.

do. deld to Lau°* to pay for do. ... 1.

388 Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797.

do. pd for a box of paints for Miss Eliza

Custis . . . . . ........... 3.50

do. pd for altering 2 Rings for Mrs.

Washington ......... .50

Saml Fraunces deld him to purchase

Sund for Ho ......... 130.47

Mr. B. Dandridge pd .him on acct of

Salary ........... 8. 156.47

- 19th -
Mr. H. Lewis Dr. to Cash

pd him on Acct of Salary . . . . . 10.50

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Contgt Exp. gave a poor woman ... 1.
do. pd Mrs Lockyer for tiffing, lustering

& a fan for Mrs. Washington ... 4.24
do. pd Mr. Hannson for Shoes for L.

Washington ......... 7.25

The President's Acct proper

pd to Andrew Clew & Co. a bill for £50.

Yirga Cy drawn by the Trustees of the

Alexa Academy for the Presidents an-

nual donation for 1792 . . 166.66 179.15

81st

Sundy Exps Dr. to Cash

House Exps pd Fidus Imhoff in full of

his wages 10.

Contgt Exps pd the Presdts Subscriptn
to Mr Blanchard 25.

Cash Dr. to the Treasy of the U. S.

reed for the use of the President . .. .. 1000.

Contgt Exps Dr. To Cash

pd Mrs Smart for a hat & Eibbon for

Miss Custis. 2.64

Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797. 389

lost by wt of gold at the bank diffr

between wt and tole . « ; •.> . . . 5.60

Contgt Exps deld to the Presidt to defray
his Exps on his trip to Mt Vernon,
100 Guineas 466.67

do. deld to the Presidt a bank note of 30

dolls, to send to K York 30. 504.91

23d

Sundries Dr. To Cash

House Exps pd Wm Osborne on acct of

Wages 35.

Mr. B. Dandridge pd him on Acct of

Salary . • 10.

Contgt paid for a hat, trimmings &c for

Miss Custis 3.29 48.29

Contgt Exps Dr. To Cash

deld to L. Washington for 12 weeks
pocket money . . . ..... . . . . 12.

pd for 2 pr. Stockings for Martin . . . 1.20

pd for linen to make a bag for the Stables .67 13.87

-- $6th -
Sundries Dr. To Cash

Contgt Exps gave a poor woman by Mr

Ws desire ..... .. '. . . . ; 1.50

The President's Acct. proper

pd Mr. A. P. Morris for a stud Horse . 200.
House Exps pad Richd Keating 2 mos

Wages .... V ...... 14. 215.50

Sundries Dr. To Cash

Saml Fraunces deld him for the use of the

House . . . ^ *....-..., . . 152.25
Contgt Exps deld to G S. Washington
for pockt My . . . ........ ^. „ 8.

890 Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797.

do. deld to L. Washington to buy paper 1.
do. pd Thos Smith for Sundy Jobs of

Joiners work done for the year past . 86.75
do. pd do. for desks made for G. & L.

"Washington ......... 20.13

do. pd for striking off 30 Hand bills of

Knight of Malta ........ 1.

do. pd freight of 3 hampers 1 bbl & 1

box to Alexa ......... 4.

do. pd for Howell's Small Map of Pennsya 1.75

Stable Exps pd for 24 brooms .... 2. 276.88

Contgt Exps Dr. To Cash

pd for G. W. P. Custis to see tumbling

feats. .50

30th

Contgt Exps Dr. To Cash

deld to Mrs Washington by her desire

ten Guineas 46.67

pd for makg 12 Shirts and 12 Stocks for

thePresdt 13.60

pd for Sunds hot of Mr. Barnes to send
to Virga by Col. Griffin by Mrs Wash-
ington's desire 40.90 101.17

Cash Dr. to the Treasy of the U. S.

reed for the use of the President . 1000.

April 1st

Sundries Dr. To Cash

House Exps pd the following persons their

wages in full to this date viz.

Mr. Fraunces 75.

Mrs. Emerson 33.33

John Gaceer ..... .... . . 20.

James Hurley 11.

George Beard ,....,. . 21.

Washington's Household Account Book, 1798-1797. 391

Fanny Frink. . . . -•••* - . . 10.

Martha Channing . > .- . . 10.
Eliza Warner . . ... . 10.

Katy Bowers. ... . . . 10.

Katy Jacobus ...... 10. 210.33

Do. pd two women for work — one 5J

days and one 2 days @ 3/ per day,

employd by M. Fraunces 3.

Saml Fraunces deld him for the use of

the House. 126.35

Contgt Exps gave a poor woman by order 2.
do. gave to Molly & Oney to see the

tumbling feats 1. 342.68

Contgt Exps Dr. To Cash

pd for a bottle of Chalybeate wine for

Miss Custis .75

4th

Sundries Dr. To Cash

Stable Exp pd for shoeing horses to

April 1st 17.12

Contgt Exp. pd J. Robinson for sundry

Jobs of Smith Work done in the House 8.27
do. deld to Gk S. Washington to pay his

Music Master & to buy fiddle strings . 5.
Mr. H. Lewis pd him on Acct Salary . 6. 36.39

6th

Contgt Exps Dr. To Cash

pd for washing — mending lace for Mrs.

Washington . 7.12

gave a blind man by Mr. Washington's

desire . . .• . ;/•'* .' i . •'. > 1.
pd Mr. Cenas for instructg Miss Custis

in dancing • • • . • • . • • 9.33
pd Mr. Winstanley for two painting of

Views on the North River — 30 Guineas 140. 157.45

392 Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797.

8th —

Contgt Exps Dr. To Cash

pd Barteau in fall of his Acct for Chairs

&c 17.01

deld G. S. "Washington to pay for ser-
mons hot. by him for Mrs. Washington 4.00
deld to L. Washington to buy Night Caps 1. 22.01

9th

Sundries Dr. To Cash

Saml Fraunces deld him for the use of

the House 107.95

House Exp pd S. Fraunces for a marble

slab & sundry tin pans bot by him, as

he says by Mrs Washington's order . 26.80
Contgt Exps gave a poor woman , by order 1.50
Do. pd for large fan for Mrs. Washington .33
Do. pd for a book for G. W. P. Custis

calPd the Tutor's Asst. .50 137.08

llth

Sundry Exps Dr. To Cash •

House Exps pd for 11 J Cords Wood,

hauling, piling &c 31.65

Contgt Exps deld to G. S. Washington
to pay for beer & Porter for himself &

brother 10.91 42.56

Cash Dr. to the Treasy of the U. S.

reed for the use of the President 1000.00

18th

Contgt Exps Dr. to Cash

pd for 2 fans for Mrs Washington . . .62

13th

Contgt Exps Dr. to Cash

pd for a pair Shoes for Moll .... l.J

Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797. 393

15th

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Saml Fraunces delivered to him for the

use of the House 96.33

Contgt Exps pd Mr. Manley for Shoes for

Miss Custis 2. 64 98.97

16th

Contgt Exps Dr. to Cash

pd Mr. Macy for dressing Mrs. Wash-
ington 6 mos & Sunds. furnished by
him 53.14

deld G. S. Washington to pay his own &

Laurence'i board to the first of Apl . 93.33

do. pd Richd Courtney his Acct of Tay-
lor's work done for the family . . . 226.83 873.30

17th

Sundy Exps Dr. to Cash

Contgt Exps pd for a wheel barrow for
the use of the Stables . . ". J . . 3.27

do. pd for 2 \ yds Mantua for Mrs. Wash-
ington . . . •. . *. .'-'' .... 4.

do. pd Js Starr & Son in full for boots &

Shoes to this date . . . . ... . 21.40

do. deld L Washington to pay for clean-
shoes for himself and brother ... 2.
Stable Exps pd for 23 bushl Oats @ 2/9 . 8.43 39.10

19th

Sundy Exps Dr. to Cash

House Exps pd Francis Zache a month's

wages. . . . v ,«, * ,. * . .. . 7.
do. pd Katy Bowers in full of her wages
to the 16th Inst. when she quitted the
famy . . . , . . , ,; . . . . 2.50
Contgt Exps paid for Russia Sheeting, viz.
2 ps. contg 42 yds @ 5.15

394 Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797.

2 do. contg do @ 5.19

1 do contg 69 yds @ 6.2

1 do. contg do. @ 6/6

Total £66.10.6 177.40

one piece Irish Sheeting 54 yds @ 5/ . 36.

one pc. Diaper @ 2/8 for 27 yards . . 9.60 232.50

80th

Sundry Exps Dr. to Cash

Stable Exps pd Wm Crouch for 21 cwt.

Hay & weighg 8 loads 19.66

Contgt Exps gave to a poor woman . . 1.
do. pd for keeping a horse 2 days &

nights 90 21.56

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Saml Fraunces deld him for the use of

the House • . 133.23

Contgt Exps deld to Mrs. Emerson to

buy thread to make sheets .... 1.
do. pd freight of books by the Ariadnee

(the Bee.) 50 134.73

93d

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Contgt Exps gave a poor blind man . . 2.00

do. deld Mr. Dandridge to pay for 6 vols.
same History bot. by him for Mrs.
"Washington 6.

do. deld to Dr Collins J part of the
President's Subs towards enabling M.
Micheau to explore the Western Coun-
try to the South Sea 25.

Mr. B. Dandridge pd him on Acct of
Salary 25.

Mr. H. Lewis pd him on Acct. of Salary 8. 66.00

Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797. 395

84th

Contgt Exp8 Dr. to Cash

pd for 8 tickets for the Circus .... 8.

pd freight on 6 barrels of Cyder from
New York . ........ 2. 10.

- 85th -
Cash Dr. to the Treasy of the U. S.

received for the use of the President . 1000.

Sundry Exps Dr. to Cash

Stable Exps pd for 25 bushls Oats @ 2/8 8.88
do. pd for 18 cwt. Hay @ 6 pr ton . . 14.80
Contgt Exps deld to G. S. Washington

to buy tickets for the Hotel Lottery . 30. 63.68

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Mr. Howel Lewis deld him on acct of

Salary to pay his Taylor's Acct . . 85.15
Saml Fraunces deld him for the use of

the House ....... . . . 131.02

Mr B. Dandridge pd him on Acct of

Salary ........... 2.

House Exps pd 10 J Cords Hickory

wood, hauling piling &c. . ,f. . . 51.51 269.68

- 80th - —
Sundy Exps Dr. to Cash

House Exps pd Amy for 4 weeks work

as Ho maid ......... 4.75

Contgt Exps pd for 4 pr. Stockings for

G. W. P. Custis ....... 2.30

do. gave to a poor woman ..... 1. 8.05

- May 1st -
Sundy Exps Dr. to Cash

Stable Eps. pd for 64 bush Oats . . . 23.53
House Exp; pd Jas. Hurley in full of his

wages to this date .......... 14. 37.53

396 Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797.

- 3d -

House Exps Dr. to Cash

pd. Polly Channing a months wages . 5.

pd. Geo. Meade Esq for a pipe of wine

shipped by Jno M. Pintard on board

the Illustrious President Capt Butler

& gone to Et Indies £38. stg.

freight 26.5. 291.27

- 4th -

Sundries Dr. to Cash

House Exp. pd Fanny Frink a months

wages 5.

do pd Patrick Kennedy two mo. wages . 20.
Contgt Exp. gave a poor woman by Mrs.

W's desire 2.

Mr. H. Lewis pd him on acct. of Salary . 13. 40.

- 6th -

Contgt Exps Dr. to Cash

pd for music for Miss Custis .... 2.

pd Mr. H. Lewis amt of his Exps from
Mt Vernon to Fredksbg on the Presi-
dent's business last Summer . . . . 8.12

deld L. A. Washington to pay the barber
& shoe bill for himself & brother . . 5.

pd Mr Fenno for 6 mos of the Gazette

of the U. S. 3. 18.12

7th

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Contgt Exps deld to L. A. Washington

to buy 4 pr. thread & 4 pr. silk hose

& 4 cravats 20.

Saml Fraunces deld him to purchase

Sunds for the House 123.68

House Exps pd Dean Trimmers for soap

& Candles . 36.94 180.62

Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797. 397

- 8th -

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Contgt Exps deld to L. A. Washington

in addition for hose .62

do. pd for a pr. of Stockings for Martin 1.

do pd for a bible bot by Mrs. "Washing-
ton for Miss M. Custis 2.90

Mr. B. Dandridge pd him on Acct of
Salary 15.

Saml Fraunces deld him to purchase
Sundr for the Ho 20.

House Exps pd Dean Trimmers for soap

& Candles had in March last 31.71 71.23

10th

Sundry Exps Dr. to Cash

Contgt Exps pd towards building a

church in Martintown 4.66

House Exps pd Mr Boudinot for 5 bbls.

Cyder 26. 80.66

llth

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Mr. H. Lewis pd him on Acct. of Salary 8.
Contgt Exps deld Mr. Dandridge to pay

for a locket for Mrs. W 12.

do. deld to Mrs. "Washington . . . .20.
do. pd for No. 1 Carey's Geograpy . . .25
do. pd Mr. Reynolds in full for pictures

frames & Mirrors 86.83

do. pd Mary Rhodes for marking habits

and Jackets for Miss E. Custis ... 5.6
do. pd Dr. Shippen his Acct for advice

& attendance on L. A. Washington . 10. 142.14
Cash Dr. to The Treasury of the U. S.

received for the use of the President . . 2000.

398 Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797.

13th

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Contgt Exps pd D. Breintnall for shoes for

Mrs. "Washington 11.92

do. pd "Whitesides & Collier for 3 yds

muslin for do 2.

do. pd Chs Kirkham for 10 J yds muslin

for Mr. W 12.82

do. pd Mrs Hamelin for teachg Miss

Custis French 16.70

do. gave to the sufferers by the late fire

in 3d strt 20.

do. deld to G. S. Washington to pur-
chase 4 pr. thread, 4 pr. Silk hose & 2

Cravats 18.33

Saml Fraunces deld him to purchase

Sunds for the Ho 123.96

House Exps pd B. W. Morris for 6J

Gross porter 108.94

do. pd E & I. Pennington for 288 Ibs

Sugar . . . 78.31

do. pd H. Sheaff for Claret Tea & Spirits 123.02

do. pd for 112 Ibs Starch 9.33 525.33

15th -

Sundry Exps Dr. to Cash

Stable Exps pd for 30 bushl Oats . . . 11.33
Contgt Exps deld to the Presdt to give

Capt Elhatthan 2 Gs 11.67

do. pd for 14 J yds Check for Mrs. Wash-
ington's maids 4.90

do. pd for a ticket for Miss Custis to go

to the Circus with Mrs. Morris ... 1. 28.90

17th

Sundry Exps Dr. to Cash

Contgt Exps pd Mr. Mervin a qtr tuition

of G. W. P. Custis 13.25

Stable Exps pd for 132 bundles Straw . 6. 19.25

Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797. 399

— 18th -

Sundries Exps Dr. to Cash

Contgt Exps pd for mending shirts for

Presdt & makg 10 pr. Sheets . . . 7.20
do deld to L. A. "Washington to buy

paper and quills 1.

Mr. B. Dandridge pd him on Acct of

Salary 5.

House Exps pd Mary Bailey one mos

wages 5. 18.20

80th

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Contg Ex£. gave an old Sergeant, by

the Presidents' order 2.33

do pd Chimney Sweep acct 8.27

do pd for 8 pr. gloves for Mrs. Wash-
ington . . . . ; ;• 1 . . . . 2.

do deld L. Washington to pay subs, to

Carey's Geograpy .50

Samuel Fraunces deld him to purchase

Sunds for the Ho .... . . . 138.68

House Exp. pd Francis Leechs a mos
wages 7.

Mr. Howell Lewis pd him on acct of

salary 8.13 166.91

21st

Contg Exps Dr. to Cash

pd. for 17 yds mantua for Mrs. Wash-
ington . . . //.".'.'/,,'.. 20.97

pd. for making 26 towels . . . . . .84

pd. Mrs. Washington Subsn to the Ladies

Magazine . . ' . 7 1. 22.81

Stable Exp. Dr. to Cash

pd for 177J bushls Oats at 2/10 . , * . 67.05

400 Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797.

23d-

Contg Exp. Dr. to Cash

pd John Phile for 48 napkins & two ps

Diaper for table Cloths pr. acct. . . 162.78
pd Jas. McAlpin's taylors Acct for Or. S.

Washington from Nov. to this time . 75.96
pd do for L. A. Washington .... 56.30 295.04

— 84th -

Sundy Exp. Dr. to Cash

Contg Exp. pd for Swinton's travels for
G. W. P. Custis ........ 2.

do. gave a poor woman ...... 1.

House Exp. pd John Gaceer a mos Wages 10. 13.

- 86th -
Sundy Exp. Dr. to Cash

Stable Exps pd for 100 bundles Straw . 4.
House Exps pd hire of a washwoman 4

days ............ 1.60

Contg Exp. pd. Mrs. Larbet for Mrs.

Washington ......... 5.67

do. deld to G. S. Washington to pay

board of himself & brother to 1st of

June ........... 62.22

do. deld to do. to pay his Expns to Vir-

ginia &c .......... 30. 103.49

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Samuel Fraunces deld him to purchase

Sunds for the Ho ........ 138.83

Contg Exp. pd for fixing the awnings for
the windows of the President's room . 1. 139.83

- -- - 89th -
Sundries Dr. to Cash

Stable Exp pd for 6 bushl Shorts ... 2.
The President's Acct proper pd for a pr.

Scales sent to Mount Yernon . . . 12.98

Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797. 401

Contg Exp pd for 7J yds Mantua for

Mrs Washington ' . 10.83

do pd for a yd baize to rub the horses . .33 26.14

SOth

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Contg Exp. pd for 17 yds dimity, 1 p.

Chintz 9J yds toweling for Mrs. W. . 19.33
do deld to L. A. "Washington to pay for

cleang shoes & to buy Gil Bias in

french . . . » ">. . • • • •/ • 5.
The President's Acct proper pd for

weights sent to Mount Yernon . . . 11.60 35.93

June 1st

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Mr Dandridge pd him on acct of Salary 10.

House Exp. pd Mary Fessinger a month's
wages 5.

Contg Exp. pd subsn to Carey's Geogra-
phy for G. S. Washington No 111+IV .50

do pd from No 1 to No 4 for the Presi-
dent's and Mrs Washington, one sett
each . . ' ^ , 2.

do lent Dr Benj. S. Burton by the Presi-
dent's order to be repaid in one month 60.

do gave to a porter who brot a box from

a vessel . . * .12

The President's Acct. proper pd Dr Bass

for Medicines sent to Mt Vernon 41.33 118.95

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Saml Fraunces deld him to purchase

Sunds for Ho 128.98

Contg Exp. pd the hairdresser for G. &

L. Washington 4. 132.98

VOL. xxix. — 26

402 Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797.

4th -

Mr B Dandridge Dr. to Cash

paid you on acct salary 8.

6th

Cash Dr to the Treasy of the U. S.

received for the use of the President 1000.

6th

Sundy Exp. Dr. to Cash

Contg Exp. pd Mrs Smart for Sundr for

Mrs Washington 56.03

do pd for 4 pr Stockings for Austin . . 4.11
House Exp. pd a woman for washing 6J

days @ 3/ 2.60 62.74

7th

Sundry Dr. to Cash

Contg Exp. deld to G. S. Washington to

pay 6 mos sub. to Brown's paper . . 3.
House Exp pd Lewis List a months wages 7.
Mr H. Lewis pd him on acct of Salary . 2. 12.

8th

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Contg Exp. pd for 4 pr silk stockings for

the President 9.

do pd for a crape bot for the President

in Feby last 66

do pd F. Hurley for washing for G & L.

Washington 4 mos 14.69

do pd for x vol of Encyclopedia ... 5.
do deld to L. Washington to pay to

No viii of Carey's Geography ... 1.
do gave a poor man by order .... 1.
do pd Mess' D & F. Clark in advance for

the Presidt Phaeton . . . 100.

Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797. 403

House Exp pd Messrs Mxon & Foster
Duties on a pipe of wine reed of them
inAugtlast . . . i . . . . . 36.05

The President's acct proper pd for 3024

large Nails sent to Mt Yernon . . . 36.76 205.16

10th

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Saml Fraunces deld him to purchase

Sunds for the Ho 158.77

Contgt Exp. pd Mr. Claypoole a years

subs for his paper ending 1st June . 8.

do gave a poor woman 1.10

do pd drayage of 6 loads to a vessel

bound to Alexa 1.50

do pd Capt Ellwood freight of Sundr to

Mt Yernon • . • . 12.38

Mr B. Dandridge pd him on acct of salary 10.
The President's Acct. proper pd for 442

Ib clover seed @ 9£c 41.99

one Ton Iron 85.33

1 Cask of 20d & 1 of 12d nails . . . 51.74

2 bars Steel wt 0 . 2 . 23 6.58

Drayage of the above .86

House Exp pd Fanny Fink her wages in

full to 24 May 4.50 382.75

Contg Exp Dr. to Cash

pd Capt Jenney for bringing a Horse

from Trenton for the President to see 5.
Gave an old German Doct. by order, who

had served in the Southern Army . . 3.
pd Dr Bass his Acct in full for medicine

furnished the family for one year . . 61.99 69.99

13th

Cash Dr. to the Treasury of U. S.

received for the use of the President . 1000.

404 Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797.

13th

Contg Exps. Dr. to Cash

pd M. Duplain for teaching Miss Custis

french 3.33

deld L A Washington for 6 weeks pocket

money 6.

pd for thread for Mrs. Washington , . 3.24 12.57

Uth

Contg Exp. Dr. to Cash

gave to a poor woman by order ... 2.

15th

Sunds Dr. to Cash

Mr. H. Lewis pd him on acct of salary . 5.
Contg Exp. deld to L A Washington to

to pay his shoe black 50 5.50

17th

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Saml Fraunces deld to him to purchase

Sunds for the Ho 149.75

Contg Exp. pd for 2 India patterns for

Mrs Washington 6.

do pd for 6 tickets to admit the family

to see Mr Blanchard's parachute . . 5. 158.75

18th

Contg Exp Dr. to Cash

pd I. Bringhurst for a set of china . . 211.
gave Mr. Trumbull's servant who bro't

pictures .50

pd for shoes for Miss Custis .... 11.31
pd for the DC Ion [?] two sticks for Miss

Custis .67 223.48

Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797. 405

19th

Contg Exp. Dr. to Cash
pd Danl Hurting for altering a muff,
trimming a cloak &c for Mrs. Wash-
ington in Jany 1792 2.

pd for a ruled book for music for Miss

Custis , . . . . 1.67 3.67

91st

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Contg Exp. pd Geo. Butz for shoes, slip-
pers &c by Mrs Washington's direction 5.47
Mr. H. Lewis pd him on acct of Salary . 25. 30.47

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Contg. Exp. pd D. Clark in part for the

President's Phaeton 100.

do pd for No VII Carey's Geography for

the President & Mrs Washington ... .50
do del. L. A Washington to pay do for

himself & for George also .... .50
House Exp. pd Wm. Osborne in acct wages 25.
Mr H. Lewis pd him on acct of Salary . . .25 126.25

84th

Sundries Dr. to Cash

Saml Fraunces del. him to purchase Sund

for the House 152.35

Contg. Exp. pd for No. VI of Carey's Geog.

for the President & Mrs Washington . .50
do pd for do for G. S. Washington . . ; .25
do gave to a poor woman by order ... 1.
do gave to Mrs Washington's maids to go

to the Circus 1.

Mr B. Dandridge pd him on acct of Salary 25. 180.10

406 Washington's Household Account Book, 1793-1797.

Sundry Exp. Dr to Cash

Contg. Exp. pd for a Willow-Kat for the

President ........... 1.67

do del. Lewis List for ferrage pd by him

going to Mr Penns ........ 33

do pd for 2 pr. Nankeen gloves for the

President ........... 1.12

do pd for a thimble & pr earrings for Nelly

Custis ............ 5.67

House Exp. pd for a woman working this

week ............ 2.50 11.29

- 29th -
Sundries Dr to Cash

Contg Exp. pd for No 8 Carey's Geog for

the President & Mrs Washington . . . .50
do del to L. A. Washington to buy a Hat 1.67
Mr. H Lewis pd him on acct of Salary . . .50 2.67

(To be continued.)

Narrative of Marie Le Roy and Barbara Leininger. 407

THE NARRATIVE OF MARIE LE ROY AND BARBARA
LEININGER, FOR THREE YEARS CAPTIVES AMONG
THE INDIANS.

[In the library of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania is a rare
little pamphlet, Die | Erzehlungen | von | Maria le Roy | und
Barbara Leininger. | Welche vierthalb Jahr unter den In | dianern
gefangen gewesen, und am 6 ten May | in dieser Stadt gliicklich
angekommen. | Aus ihrem eignen Munde nie der geschrieben und | zum
Druck befordert. | Philadelphia gedruckt und zu haben in der teut
| schen Buchdruckerey das Stuck vor 6 Pentz. | M.DCCLIX. | which
gives an account of the captivity and escape of these two girls, whose
families lived on Penn's Creek, in the present Union County, Penna.
The translation was made by the late Kt. Eev. Edmund de Schweinitz,
of Bethlehem, and the few annotations by the Ed. PENNA. MAG.]

Marie le Roy was born at Brondrut, in Switzerland.
About five years ago she arrived, with her parents, in this
country. They settled fifteen miles from Fort Schamockin.1
Half a mile from their plantation lived Barbara Leininger
with her parents, who came to Pennsylvania from Reut-
lingen, about ten years ago.2

Early in the morning of the 16th of October, 1755, while
le Roy's hired man went out to fetch the cows, he heard the
Indians shooting six times. Soon after, eight of them came
to the house, and killed Marie le Roy's father with toma-
hawks. Her brother defended himself desperately, for a
time, but was, at last, overpowered. The Indians did not
kill him, but took him prisoner, together with Marie le
Roy and a little girl, who was staying with the family.
Thereupon they plundered the homestead, and set it on fire.
Into this fire they laid the body of the murdered father, feet
foremost, until it was half consumed. The upper half was

1 Jean Jaques Le Roy came to Pennsylvania on the ship Phoenix, Capt.
R. Homer, from Rotterdam via Cowes, Nov. 22, 1752.

'Sebastian Leininger, aged 50, with his family, arrived Sept. 16,
1748, on the ship Patience, Capt. John Brown.

408 Narrative of Marie Le Roy and Barbara Leininger.

left lying on the ground, with the two tomahawks, with
which they had killed him, sticking in his head. Then they
kindled another fire, not far from the house. While sitting
around it, a neighbour of le Roy, named Bastian, happened
to pass by on horseback. He was immediately shot down
and scalped.

Two of the Indians now went to the house of Barbara
Leininger, where they found her father, her brother,1 and
her sister Regina. Her mother had gone to the mill. They
demanded rum ; but there was none in the house. Then
they called for tobacco, which was given them. Having
filled and smoked a pipe, they said : " We are Alleghany
Indians, and your enemies. You must all die ! " There-
upon they shot her father, tomahawked her brother, who
was twenty years of age, took Barbara and her sister Regina
prisoners, and conveyed them into the forest for about a
mile. There they were soon joined by other Indians, with
Marie le Roy and the little girl.

!Not long after several of the Indians led the prisoners to
the top of a high hill, near the two plantations. Toward
evening the rest of the savages returned with six fresh and
bloody scalps, which they threw at the feet of the poor
captives, saying that they had a good hunt that day.

The next morning we were taken about two miles further
into the forest, while the most of the Indians again went
out to kill and plunder. Toward evening they returned
with nine scalps and five prisoners.

On the third day the whole band came together and di-
vided the spoils. In addition to large quantities of provis-
ions, they had taken fourteen horses and ten prisoners,
namely : One man, one woman, five girls, and three boys.
We two girls, as also two of the horses, fell to the share of
an Indian named Galasko.

We traveled with our new master for two days. He was
tolerably kind, and allowed us to ride all the way, while he
and the rest of the Indians walked. Of this circumstance

Conrad Leininger.

Narrative of Marie Le Roy and Barbara Leininger. 409

Barbara Leininger took advantage, and tried to escape.
But she was almost immediately recaptured, and condemned
to be burned alive. The savages gave her a French Bible,
which they had taken from le Roy's house, in order that she
might prepare for death ; and, when she told them that she
could not understand it, they gave her a German Bible.
Thereupon they made a large pile of wood and set it on
fire, intending to put her into the midst of it. But a young
Indian begged so earnestly for her life that she was par-
doned, after having promised not to attempt to escape
again, and to stop her crying.

The next day the whole troop was divided into two
bands, the one marching in the direction of the Ohio, the
other, in whioh we were with Galasko, to Jenkiklamuhs,1 a
Delaware town on the "West branch of the Susquehanna.
There we staid ten days, and then proceeded to Puncksoto-
nay,2 or Eschentown. Marie le Roy's brother was forced to
remain at Jenkiklamuhs.

After having rested for five days at Puncksotonay, we
took our way to Kittanny.3 As this was to be the place ot
our permanent abode, we here received our welcome, accord-
ing to Indian custom. It consisted of three blows each, on
the back. They were, however, administered with great
mercy. Indeed, we concluded that we were beaten merely
in order to keep up an ancient usage, and not with the in-
tention of injuring us. The month of December was the
time of our arrival, and we remained at Kittanny until the
month of September, 1756.

The Indians gave us enough to do. We had to tan
leather, to make shoes (mocasins), to clear land, to plant
corn, to cut down trees and build huts, to wash and cook.

lChinklacamoo8e, the central point of the great " Chinklacamoose
Path," on the present site of Clearfield.

*Punx8utawnyt in Jefferson County.

^Kittanning, in Armstrong County, through which passed the great
trail, by which the Indians of the West communicated with those of the
Susquehanna country.

410 Narrative of Marie Le Roy and Barbara Leininger.

The want of provisions, however, caused us the greatest
sufferings. During all the time that we were at Kittanny we
had neither lard nor salt ; and, sometimes, we were forced to
live on acorns, roots, grass, and bark. There was nothing
in the world to make this new sort of food palatable, except-
ing hunger itself.

In the month of September Col. Armstrong arrived with
his men, and attacked Kittanny Town.1 Both of us hap-
pened to be in that part of it which lies on the other (right)
side of the river (Alleghany). We were immediately con-
veyed ten miles farther into the interior, in order that we
might have no chance of trying, on this occasion, to escape.
The savages threatened to kill us. If the English had ad-
vanced, this might have happened. For, at that time, the
Indians were greatly in dread of Col. Armstrong's corps.
After the English had withdrawn, we were again brought
back to Kittanny, which town had been burned to the
ground.

There we had the mournful opportunity of witnessing the
cruel end of an English woman, who had attempted to flee out
of her captivity and to return to the settlements with Col.
Armstrong. Having been recaptured by the savages, and
brought back to Kittanny, she was put to death in an un-
heard of way. First, they scalped her; next, they laid
burning splinters of wood, here and there, upon her body ;
and then they cut off her ears and fingers, forcing them into
her mouth so that she had to swallow them. Amidst such
torments, this woman lived from nine o'clock in the morn-
ing until toward sunset, when a French officer took com-
passion on her, and put her out of her misery. An English
soldier, on the contrary, named John . . . . , who escaped
from prison at Lancaster, and joined the French, had a
piece of flesh cut from her body, and ate it. When she
was dead, the Indians chopped her in two, through the
middle, and let her lie until the dogs came and devoured her.

xln August of 1756, Col. John Armstrong fitted out his expedition at
Fort Shirley. The Delaware war-chief, Capt. Jacobs, lived in the town.

Narrative of Marie Le Roy and Barbara Leininger. 411

Three days later an Englishman was brought in, who had,
likewise, attempted to escape with Col. Armstrong, and
burned alive in the same village. His torments, however,
continued only about three hours; but his screams were
frightful to listen to. It rained that day very hard, so that
the Indians could not keep up the fire. Hence they began
to discharge gunpowder into his body. At last, amidst his
worst pains, when the poor man called for a drink of water,
they brought him melted lead, and poured it down his
throat. This draught at once helped him out of the hands
of the barbarians, for he died on the instant.

It is easy to imagine what an impression such fearful in-
stances of cruelty make upon the mind of a poor captive.
Does he attempt to escape from the savages, he knows in
advance that, if retaken, he will be roasted alive. Hence he
must compare two evils, namely, either to remain among
them a prisoner forever, or to die a cruel death. Is he fully
resolved to endure the latter, then he may run away with
a brave heart.

Soon after these occurrences we were brought to Fort
Duquesne, where we remained for about two months. We
worked for the French, and our Indian master drew our
wages. In this place, thank God, we could again eat bread.
Half a pound was given us daily. "We might have had
bacon, too, but we took none of it, for it was not good. In
some respects we were better off than in the Indian towns ;
we could not, however, abide the French. They tried hard
to induce us to forsake the Indians and stay with them,
making us various favourable offers. But we believed that
it would be better for us to remain among the Indians, in as
much as they would be more likely to make peace with the
English than the French, and in as much as there would be
more ways open for flight in the forest than in a fort.
Consequently we declined the offers of the French, and ac-
companied our Indian master to Sackum,1 where we spent
the winter, keeping house for the savages, who were continu-
lSaukunk», 8 miles below Logstown.

412 Narrative of Marie Le Roy and Barbara Leininger.

ally on the hunt. In the spring we were taken to Kasch-
kaschkung, an Indian town on the Beaver Creek. There
we again had to clear the plantations of the Indian nobles,
after the German fashion, to plant corn, and to do other
hard work of every kind. We remained at this place for
about one year and a half.

After having, in the past three years, seen no one of our
own flesh and blood, except those unhappy beings, who,
like ourselves, were bearing the yoke of the heaviest slavery,
we had the unexpected pleasure of meeting with a Ger-
man, who was not a captive, but free, and who, as we heard,
had been sent into this neighbourhood to negotiate a peace
between the English and the natives. His name was Fred-
erick Post.1 "We and all the other prisoners heartily wished
him success and God's blessing upon his undertaking. We
were, however, not allowed to speak with him. The Indians
gave us plainly to understand that any attempt to do this
would be taken amiss. He himself, by the reserve with
which he treated us, let us see that this was not the time to
talk over our afflictions. But we were greatly alarmed on
his account. For the French told us that, if they caught
him, they would roast him alive for five days, and many
Indians declared that it was impossible for him to get safely
through, that he was destined for death.

Last summer the French and Indians were defeated by
the English in a battle fought at Loyal-Hannon,2 or Fort
Ligonier. This caused the utmost consternation among
the natives. They brought their wives and children from
Lockstown,3 Sackum, Schomingo, Mamalty, Kaschkasch-
kung, and other places in that neighbourhood, to Mosch-
kingo,4 about one hundred and fifty miles farther west.
Before leaving, however, they destroyed their crops, and
burned everything which they could not carry with them.

1Christian Frederick Post, the Moravian missionary.

*Loyalhanna.

*Logstown.

Narrative of Marie Le Roy and Barbara Leininger. 413

We had to go along, and staid at Moschkingo the whole
winter.

In February, Barbara Leininger agreed with an English-
man, named David Breckenreach [Breckenridge], to escape,
and gave her comrade, Marie le Roy, notice of their inten-
tions. On account of the severe season of the year, and the
long journey which lay before them, Marie strongly advised
her to relinquish the project, suggesting that it should be
postponed until spring, when the weather would be milder,
and promising to accompany her at that time.

On the last day of February nearly all the Indians left
Moschkingo, and proceeded to Pittsburg to sell pelts. Mean-
while, their women traveled ten miles up the country to
gather roots, and we accompanied them. Two men went
along as a guard. It was our earnest hope that the oppor-
tunity for flight, so long desired, had now come. Accord-
ingly, Barbara Leininger pretended to be sick, so that she
might be allowed to put up a hut for herself alone. On the
fourteenth of March, Marie le Roy was sent back to the
town, in order to fetch two young dogs which had been left
there ; and, on the same day, Barbara Leininger came out
of her hut and visited a German woman, ten miles from
Moschkingo. This woman's name is Mary . . . . , and she
is the wife of a miller from the South Branch.1 She had made
every preparation to accompany us on our flight ; but Bar-
bara found that she had meanwhile become lame, and could
not think of going along. She, however, gave Barbara the
provisions which she had stored, namely, two pounds of
dried meat, a quart of corn, and four pounds of sugar.
Besides, she presented her with pelts for mocasins. More-
over, she advised a young Englishman, Owen Gibson, to flee
with us two girls.

On the sixteenth of March, in the evening, Gibson reached
Barbara Leininger's hut, and, at ten o'clock, our whole
party, consisting of us two girls, Gibson, and David Breck-
enreach, left Moschkingo. This town lies on a river, in the
Branch of the Potomac.

414 Narrative of Marie Le Roy and Barbara Leininger.

country of the Dellamottinoes. We had to pass many huts
inhabited by the savages, and knew that there were at least
sixteen dogs with them. In the merciful providence ot
God not a single one of these dogs barked. Their barking
would at once have betrayed us, and frustrated our de-
sign.

It is hard to describe the anxious fears of a poor woman
under such circumstances. The extreme probability that
the Indians would pursue, and recapture us, was as two to
one compared with the dim hope that, perhaps, we would
get through in safety. But, even if we escaped the Indians,
how would we ever succeed in passing through the wilder-
ness, unacquainted with a single path or trail, without a
guide, and helpless, half naked, broken down by more than
three years of hard slavery, hungry and scarcely any food,
the season wet and cold, and many rivers and streams to
cross? Under such circumstances, to depend upon one's
own sagacity would be the worst of follies. If one could
not believe that there is a Glod, who helps and saves from
death, one had better let running away alone.

We safely reached the river [Muskingum] . Here the first
thought in all our minds was : 0 ! that we were safely across !
And Barbara Leininger, in particular, recalling ejaculatory
prayers from an old hymn, which she had learned in her
youth, put them together, to suit our present circumstances,
something in the following style :

0 bring us safely across this river !

In fear I cry, yea my soul doth quiver.

The worst afflictions are now before me,

Where'er I turn nought but death do I see.

Alas, what great hardships are yet in store

In the wilderness wide, beyond that shore !

It has neither water, nor meat, nor bread,

But each new morning something new to dread.

Yet little sorrow would hunger me cost

If but I could flee from the savage host,

Which murders and fights and burns far and wide,

While Satan himself is array 'd on its side.

Narrative of Marie Le Roy and Barbara Leininger. 415

Should on us fall one of its cruel bands,

Then help us, Great God, and stretch out Thy hands !

In Thee will we trust, be Tho/i ever near,

Art Thou our Joshua, we need not fear.

Presently we found a raft, left by the Indians. Thanking
God that He had himself prepared a way for us across these
first waters, we got on board and pushed off. But we were
carried almost a mile down the river before we could reach
the other side. There our journey began in good earnest.
Full of anxiety and fear, we fairly ran that whole night and
all the next day, when we lay down to rest without ventur-
ing to kindle a fire. Early the next morning, Owen Gibson
fired at a bear. The animal fell, but, when he ran with his
tomahawk to kill it, it jumped up and bit him in the feet,
leaving three wounds. We all hastened to his assistance.
The bear escaped into narrow holes among the rocks, where
we could not follow. On the third day, however, Owen
Gibson shot a deer. We cut off the hind-quarters, and
roasted them at night. The next morning he again shot a
deer, which furnished us with food for that day. In the
evening we got to the Ohio at last, having made a circuit of
over one hundred miles in order to reach it.

About midnight the two Englishmen rose and began to
work at a raft, which was finished by morning. We got on
board and safely crossed the river. From the signs which
the Indians had there put up we saw that we were about one
hundred and fifty miles from Fort Duquesne. After a brief
consultation we resolved, heedless of path or trail, to travel
straight toward the rising of the sun. This we did for seven
days. On the seventh we found that we had reached the
Little Beaver Creek, and were about fifty miles from
Pittsburgh.

And now, that we imagined ourselves so near the end of
all our troubles and misery, a whole host of mishaps came
upon us. Our provisions were at an end ; Barbara Leinin-
ger fell into the water and was nearly drowned ; and, worst
misfortune of all ! Owen Gibson lost his flint and steel.

416 Narrative of Marie Le Roy and Barbara Leininger.

Hence we had to spend four nights without fire, amidst rain
and snow.

On the last day of March we came to a river, Alloquepy,1
about three miles below Pittsburg. Here we made a raft,
which, however, proved to be too light to carry us across.
It threatened to sink, and Marie le Roy fell off, and narrowly
escaped drowning. We had to put back, and let one of our
men convey one of us across at a time. In this way we
reached the Monongahella River, on the other side of Pitts-
burg, the same evening.

Upon our calling for help, Col. [Hugh] Mercer immediately
sent out a boat to bring us to the Fort. At first, however, the
crew created many difficulties about taking us on board.
They thought we were Indians, and wanted us to spend the
night where we were, saying they would fetch us in the
morning. When we had succeeded in convincing them
that we were English prisoners, who had escaped from the
Indians, and that we were wet and cold and hungry, they
brought us over. There was an Indian with the soldiers in
the boat. He asked us whether we could speak good In-
dian ? Marie le Roy said she could speak it. Thereupon
he inquired, why she had run away ? She replied, that
her Indian mother had been so cross and had scolded
her so constantly, that she could not stay with her any
longer.

This answer did not please him ; nevertheless, doing as
courtiers do, he said: He was very glad we had safely
reached the Fort.

It was in the night from the last of March to the first of
April that we came to Pittsburg. Most heartily did we
thank God in heaven for all the mercy which he showed
us, for His gracious support in our weary captivity, for the
courage which he gave us to undertake our flight, and to
surmount all the many hardships it brought us, for letting
us find the road which we did not know, and of which He
alone could know that on it we would meet neither danger

lAllegheney.

Narrative of Marie Le Roy and Barbara Leininger. 417

nor enemy, and for finally bringing us to Pittsburgh to our
countrymen in safety.

Colonel Mercer helped and aided us in every way which
lay in his power. Whatever was on hand and calculated to
refresh us was offered in the most friendly manner. The
Colonel ordered for each of us a new chemise, a petticoat, a
pair of stockings, garters, and a knife. After having spent
a day at Pittsburg, we went, with a detachment under com-
mand of Lieutenant Mile,1 to Fort Ligonier. There the
Lieutenant presented each of us with a blanket. On the
fifteenth we left Fort Ligonier, under protection of Captain
[Philip] Weiser and Lieutenant Atly,* for Fort Bedford,
where we arrived in the evening of the sixteenth, and re-
mained a weelL Thence, provided with passports by Lieu-
tenant [Henry] Geiger, we traveled in wagons to Harris'
Ferry, and from there, afoot, by way of Lancaster, to Phila-
delphia.

Owen Gibson remained at Fort Bedford, and David Breck-
enreach at Lancaster. "We two girls arrived in Philadelphia
on Sunday, the sixth of May.

And now we come to the chief reason why we have given
the foregoing narrative to the public. It is not done in
order to render our own sufferings and humble history
famous, but rather in order to serve the inhabitants of this
country, by making them acquainted with the names and
circumstances of those prisoners whom we met, at the various
places where we were, in the course of our captivity. Their
parents, brothers, sisters, and other relations will, no doubt,
be glad to hear that their nearest kith and kin are still in
the land of the living, and that they may, hence, entertain
some hope of seeing them again in their own homes, if God
permit.

MARIA BASKET is at Kaschkaschkung. She was taken
prisoner on the Susquehanna, where her husband was killed.

. Samuel Miles, of the " Augusta Regiment," Col. William
Chapman.

•Lieut. Samuel J. Atlee.
VOL. xxix. — 27

418 Narrative of Marie Le Roy and Barbara Leininger.

She has two sons. The younger is with his mother ; the
elder is in a distant Indian town.

Mary Basket's sister, — her name is ^ANCY BASKET, — is at
Sackum.

MARY, CAROLINE, AND CATHARINE HAETH,1 three sisters,
from the Blue Mountains.

ANNE GRAY, who was captured at Fort Gransville,2 is at
Kaschkaschkung. We saw her daughter, but she has been
taken farther west by the Indians.

JOHN WEISSMAN, a young unmarried Englishman, about
eighteen years of age, is now at Moschkingo. He is said to
have been captured on the South Branch.

SARAH BOY, DAVID BOY, RHODE BOY, THOMAS BOY, AND
JAMES BOY, five children. The youngest is about five or six
years old ; Sarah, the oldest, is about fifteen or sixteen years
of age. Three years ago they were captured in Virginia.

NANCY AND JOHANNA DACHERTY, two sisters, aged about
ten and six years, captured at Conecocheague, and now in
Kaschkaschkung.

EVE ISAACS, WILLIAM ISAACS, AND CATHARINE ISAACS. Eve
is a widow, and has a child of about four years with her.
Her husband was killed by the Indians. William is about
fourteen or fifteen years of age, and Catharine about twelve.
They are Germans. Eve and her child, together with
Catharine, are in Kaschkaschkung; William in Moschkingo.
They were captured on the South Branch.

HENRY SEIFFART, ELIZABETH SEIFFART, GEORGE SEIFFART,
CATHARINE SEIFFART, AND MARIA SEIFFART, brothers and
sisters, Germans, captured about thirteen months ago, at
Southport, in Virginia, are now at Kaschkaschkung and
Moschkingo.

BETTY ROGERS, an unmarried woman, with five or six
brothers and sisters, of whom the youngest is about four
years old, captured three and a half years ago, on the South
Branch.

1 Hoeth, of Northampton County.

"Fort Granville, one mile west of Lewistown, on the Juniata.

Narrative of Marie Le Roy and Barbara Leininger. 419

BETTY FRICK, a girl about twenty-two years old, captured,
three years ago, in Virginia, now in Kaschkaschkung.

FANNY FLARDY, from Virginia, married to a Frenchman.
Her daughter, seven or eight years old, is at Kasch-
kaschkung.

ANNA BRIELINGER,* wife of a German smith from Scho-
moko, now at Kaschkaschkung.

PETER LixE's2 TWO SONS, JOHN AND WILLIAM, German
children from Schomoko, now in Kitahohing.

An old Englishman, or Irishman, whose surname we do
not know, but whose Christian name is DAN, a cooper,
captured on the Susquehanna, now in Kaschkaschkung.
His wife and children are said to be in this country.

ELIZABETH, a young English woman, captured about a
mile and a half from Justice Gulebret's [Galbraith] place,
on the Swatara. Her child, which she took along, is dead.
Her husband and other children are said to be living some-
where in this country. She is at Kaschkaschkung.

MARIE PECK, a German woman, captured, two and a half
years ago, in Maryland. Her husband and children are
said to be living somewhere in this country.

MARGARET BROWN, a German single woman, captured on
the South Branch, in Virginia, now in the country of the
Oschaschi, a powerful nation, living, it is said, in a land
where there is no timber.

MARY ANN VILLARS, from French Switzerland, a girl of
fifteen years, was captured with Marie le Eoy, has a brother
and sister living near Lancaster.

SALLY WOOD, a single woman, aged eighteen or nineteen
years, captured in Virginia, three and a half years ago, now
in Sackum.

Two young men, brothers, named IXON, the one about
twenty, the other about fifteen years old, at Kaschkasch-
kung. Their mother was sold to the French.

•Wife of Jacob Brielinger who lived on Perm's Creek, below New
Berlin, in Union County.

•Peter Lick, of Penn'B Creek.

420 Narrative of Marie Le Roy and Barbara Leininger.

MARY LORY AND JAMES LORY, brother and sister, the first
about fourteen, the second about twelve or thirteen years
old, captured three years ago, at Fort Granville.

MARY TAYLOR, an English woman, captured at Fort
Granville, together with a girl named Margaret.

MARGARET, the girl captured with the foregoing.

We became acquainted with many other captives, men,
women, and children, in various Indian towns, but do not
know, or cannot remember their names. We are, however,
heartily willing to give to all such as have, or believe to
have, connections among the Indians, any further informa-
tion which may lie within our power. We intend to go
from here to Lancaster, where we may be easily found.

A List of Freeholders, City and County of Burlington. 421

"A LIST OF THE FFEEEHOLDEES FOE THE CITY AND
COUNTY OF BTJELINGTON AND IN EACH EESPEC-
TIVE TOWNSHIP TAKEN THIS 15TH DAY OF APEIL
1745."

CONTRIBUTED BY CARLOS E. GODFREY, M.D.

[Copied from the original manuscript return of Thomas Hunloke,
Sheriff of Burlington County, at Trenton, New Jersey.]

City of Burlington.

John Allen Esqr
Joseph Allins&n
Joseph Antrum
John Antrum
Joshua Barker
Ben net Bard
Daniel Bacon
John Bacon
Isaac Conarroe
Silas Crispin
Joseph Clewes
Joseph Carlile
Isaac DeCow Esqr
Isaac DeCow Jun'
John Deacon
George Eyres
Anthony Elton
Robert Hartshorne
Hugh Hartshorne
Wm Hewlings
Samuel Hunt
James Inskeep
Obadiah Ireton
John Kemble
Aaron Lovett

William Lyndon
Josiah Matlock
Isaac Pearson
Joseph Pearson
Ralph Peart
Nicholas Powell
Caleb Raper Esqr
Joshua Raper
Joseph Rose
Thomas Rodman
Peter Rose
John Rodgers
Thomas Rodgers
Richard Smith Esqr
Richard Smith junr Esqr
Daniel Smith Esqr
Robert Smith Esqr
Samuel Smith
Thomas Shaw
Thomas Shreeive
Elnathan Stevenson
William Skeels
Thomas Scattergood
Thomas Scott
Henry Scott

422 A List of Freeholders, City and County of Burlington.

Jonathan Scott Joseph White

Robert Sutton Thomas Wetherill

Joseph Thomas Christopher Wetherell

James Verree Stephen Williams

Richard Wright Paul Watkinson.
Frettwell Wright

The Township of Springfield.

Joshua Shrieve Obediah Eldridge

Ffrancis Yinakum James Longstaff

Wm Stockton Job Lippincott

John Stockton Isaac Antrum

Zebulon Gaunt Nathan Folwell

Tho' Staples junr Edward Tonkin

Tho8 Staples Job Ridgway

Henry Cooper Daniel Zelley

Tho' Earl Jo8 Atkinson

John Croshaw John Atkinson

Joseph Biddle Joshua Owen

Hugh Cowperthwait James Antrum

Wm Atkinson Daniel Haines

Jonathan Hough Walter Harbert

Michael Atkinson John Butcher

Caleb Shreive Nathaniel Wilkinson

John West John Ffenimore

Thomas Foster Benjn Kemble

Abraham Merriott Joseph Lamb.
Wm Shinn

The Township of Mansfield.

Isaac Homer Nathaniel Potts
Preserve Brown (Merch*) Isaac Bolton

Robert Field William Hamell

Joshua Quicksell Wm English

Joseph Shreive John Jackson

Joseph English Wm Folwell

(torn) Imley Esqr Henry Allen

A List of Freeholders, City and County of Burlington. 423

Francis Ellis Eber DeCow

Thomas Tuley Isaac DeCow

Godfrey Hancock Joseph Arinson

Josiah Wright David Rockhill

Parnal Clayton Benjn Tallman

Jobe Ridgway Michael Butsing

John Pancoast John Butsing

John Harvey Joseph Pope

George Folwell Joshua Scattergood

William Hancock Caleb Scattergood

Isaac Gibbs Francis Gibbs

John Gibbs John Antrum

John King Jo (torn)

Hugh Hutchias Jobe Tallman

John Curtis John Hamell

Joseph Pancoast John Folwell

BenjB Shreive Robert Rockhill

Barzilla ETewbold John Rockhill

Richard French William French.
Isaac Ivins

The Township of Chesterfield.

William Cook Esqr Anthony Bunting

William Bunting Mathew Watson

William Black Marmaduke Watson

William Taylor Safety Borden Esqr

William Quicksell Tho' Folks

John Sikes Ephraim Lockwood

John Warren Joseph Borden (Merch*)

John Bunting Joseph Reckless

John Taylor Joseph Thorn

John Beck Samuel Farnsworth

John Forsyth Samuel Shatter thwaite

John Thorn Samuel Woodward

John Rockhill Samuel Fenton

John Schooley Sam1 Cheshire

Anthony Woodward Sam1 Taylor

424 A List of Freeholders, City and County of Turlington.

Kobert Chapman Burgiss Hall

Daniel Farnsworth Francis Hall

James Farrow Henry Detatouche

Godfrey Beck Jacob Taylor

Rower th Beck Phillip Marot

Michael Kewbold Esqr Sam1 Farnsworth.

The Township of Nottingham.

Timothy Abbott Abraham Tillton

John Abbott William Miller

Robert Pearson Esq* George Middleton

William Murfin Nathaniel Warner

William Morris John Lamb

Guisbert Hendrickson John Stevenson

Joseph Radford Joseph Brittain

John Lawrence Joseph Thorn

John Quicksell Wm Thorn.

The Township of JEvesham.

Jacob Heulings Esqr Caleb Haines

John Pimm Wm Foster

Thomas Smith Josiah Foster

James Eldridge Robert Hunt

Freedom Lippincott Jonathan Haines

John Inskeep Michael Braning

Sam1 Eaves John Peacock

Wm Evins Mark Stratton

John Hootton Emanuel Stratton

Samuel Lippincott David Stratton

Amos Wilkins Joseph Hewlings Esqr

Joseph Haines Tho8 Evens

Daniel Wills (Merch*) John Lippincott

John Evans Amos Haines

Tho Andrews Tho' Bellinger

Philip Wallis Benjamin Allen

ETathen Haines Wm Sharp

Carlile Haines Wm Carwood

A List of Freeholders, City and County of Burlington. 425

Benjn Moore Eichard Borden

Timothy Middleton Jonathan Hewstead

Enoch Haines John Darling

Benj* Moore junr William Hootten

Wm Gooldy Thomas Middleton

Wm Austin Francis Dudley

Wm W— kins Tho' Wilkins

Amos Austin Joshua Bellinger

Kobert Ingle Joseph Moore

James Mason John Roberts.
Benjn Allen junr

The Township of Chester.

John Hollinshtead Esqr Mathew Allen

Joseph Stoakes James Leconey

Tho* Lippincott David Walker

Thomas Hackney Wm Leconey

Samuel Atkinson Samuel Davis

Henry Warrington Rob* French

Joshua Whright Ezekell Harding

Phillip Waffle John Ward

Joseph Heritage Mathias Brackney

Thof Cowperwaite Tho§ Stokes

John Rudderow Edward Clemmens

Tho' French Junr Tho§ Moor (Tavern

Edmond Hollinshead keeper)

Jonathan Borden Arthur Burdell

Samuel Stoakes John Means

Joshua Humphrys George Matlock

Nathan Middleton Daniel Morgan

Peter Phillips Tho' Ffrench junr

Nehemiah Haines Joshua Bispham.
Richard Heritage

The Township of Wellinborough.

Thomas Busby John Stokes

Thomas Green Nathan Crosby

426 A List of Freeholders, City and County of Burlington.

Samuel Garwood Abraham Perkins

Joseph Fenimore James Pearson.

The Township of Northampton.

Samuel Woolman Esqr Tho8 Eayres

Wm Busby John Billiard

Revill Elton Esqr John Burr

Robert Elton Henry Burr

Nathaniel Haines Edward Hilliard

Tho8 Kimbell Tho1 Shinn Esqr k

Joseph Burr Andrew Conarroe

James Lippincott Wm Buddie

Haran Bryan Wm Murrell

Benjn Brian Tho8 Atkinson

Nathaniel Cripps Philo Leeds

John Powell John Burr junr

Joseph Parker Henry Paxton

Michael Wools ton Nicholas Toy

George Briggs Abraham Farrington

Tho8 Budd (Cooper) Edward Mullin

Jacob Lamb Josiah White

James Wells Partrick Reynolds

Vincent Leeds John Bennett

Tho8 Moore (farmer) John Osmond.

The Township of New Hanover.

Edward Weaver Joseph Rodgers

Rodger Fort Senior John Brown

James Shinn Senr Isaac Foreman

Ffrancis Shinn Joseph Arney

Wm (torn) John Bullock

Henry Cooper Mahlon Wright

Samuel Wright Esqr David Wright

James (torn) Wm Bullock

Peter Harrison Joseph Steward

David Brandson John Steward

William Kirby Thomas Miller.
Thomas Earl (School Master)

Tho' Hunloke, Shrf.

CONTRIBUTED BY M. ATHERTON LEACH.

John Aldridge, s. of John of St. Michael's Eiver, b. 10
February, 1699; bap. 14 October, 1701.

William Arnett, of Third Haven Creek, had these chil-
dren: John, b. 11 August, 1698. William, b. 4 February,
1699 ; bap. 2 April, 1701. Thomas, b. 4 December, bap. 10
December, 1701. Catherine, b. 4 December, bap. 10 De-
cember, 1701." Daniel, b. 10 December, 1702 ; bap. 7 March,
1703.

James Auld, s. of James of St. Michael's Eiver, b. 21

1 St. Michael's, St. Peter's and St. Paul's were the original parishes of
Talbot County ; the Reverends James Clayland, James Leech and John
Lillingston being the respective rectors. Of St. Michael's sacramental
registers nothing but the above remains until 1823. A manuscript his-
tory of the Talbot County parishes, by the Reverend Henry M. Mason,
for thirty years the rector of St. Peter's, Easton, (1838-1868) IB now in
the Rectory library of that parish. The following items relating to Mr.
Clayland, escaped Mr. Mason's notice : In a deposition of 10 December,
1694, "Mr. James Clayland sayeth he was ordained in the year 1666,
Deacon in the year 1667, full minister by Mr. Nicholson, Bishop of
Gloucester, but hath left orders, and is ready to be deposed so that he can
send for them, likewise he sayeth he shewed them to Governor Copley."
(Liber H D No. 2, folio 363, Council Minutes of Maryland.) A warrant
for lands, of record in Liber XVII, folio 60, Land Office, Annapolis, states
that James Clayland " imported himself into the Province to inhabit
8 October, 1672" ; and the same year, under date of 21 January, he re-
ceived from Andrew Skinner of Talbot County, "fifty acres as glebe land,' '
on the north side of St. Michael's River near the head of Morgan's
Creek, " towards the maintaining a preaching minister." (Talbot County
Land Records II, 11) . He married (1), a daughter of Captain William
Helmsley of Talbot County, who died about 1677, leaving one child,
Judith ; he married (2), Elizabeth, daughter of Roger Nettleship, by
whom he had at least seven children, all named in his will, dated 13 July,
1699, and probated on 7 November following.

428 Register of St. Michael's Parish, Maryland, 1672-1704.

April, 1699. John, s. of the same, b. 9 January, bap. 4
February, 1702.

Susanna Banning, d. of Edward, b. 11 February, 1702/3 ;
bap. 20 May, 1703. Charles, s. of the same, of Third Haven
Creek, b. 1 August, 1700; bap. 11 May, 1701.

James Bell, s. of William, Jr., of Second Creek, b. 30
November, 1699.

Mary Bell, d. of William, of Tuckahoe Creek, b. 2 July,
1702; bap. 29 November, 1702.

Thomas Bennett, of Third Haven Creek, had : William,
b. 1 November, 1701; bap. 13 November, 1701. Judith,
b. 15 October, 1702; bap. 16 November, 1702. Nicholas,
b. 7 July, 1704.

Captain James Benson, of St. Michael's River, had these
children : Margaret, b. 4 February, 1682/3. James, b. 21
February 1684/5. Edmund, b. 4 June, 1687. Anne,b. 10
September, 1689. Elizabeth, b. 19 October, 1691. Perry,
b. 1 April, 1694. Nicholas, b. 1 March, 1699. Mary, b.
22 January, 1702/3; bap. 1 February, 1702/3.1

Robert Bias, s. of Elizabeth, widow, of Second Creek, b.
6 January, 1703/4; bap. 14 April, 1704.

Susannah Blades, d. of George, of St. Michael's River,
bap. 28 June, 1702.

John Blesse, s. of Mary, of Second Creek, b. 14 October,
1689.

Robert Booker, s. of Robert, of Third Haven Creek, bap.
February, 1702.

John Bradshaw, of Auderbies Creek, had these children :
Elizabeth, b. 21 April, 1696. Elizabeth, b. 31 March, 1698.
William, b. 4 July, 1702; bap. 9 August, 1702. Jane, b.
12 April, bap. 10 May, 1704.

Bridges, s. of Charles, b. 26 June, 1698. Mary,

1 Dr. James Benson, one of the early practitioners of medicine in
Talbot County, "imported himself" into the Province of Maryland in
1674 ; was Captain of a Troop of Horse, 1689-1693 ; his will, dated 23
August, 1705, named all the above children except Margaret who was
probably deceased.

Eegister of St. Michael's Parish, Maryland, 1672-1704. 429

d. of the same, of Harris Creek, b. 2 March, 1701/2; bap. 1
November, 1702.

Joseph Bridges, s. of Joseph, of Third Haven Creek, b.
26 June, bap. 30 July, 1705.

Samuel Broebaty or Broibats, s. of Samuel, of Second
Creek, b. 9 October, 1700; bap. 20 March, 1701.

Edward Brooklebanck, s. of Mary, b. Auderbies Creek,
22 November, 1702; bap. 30 October, 1703.

Francis Bullock, s. of Francis, b. 17 April, bap. July,
1704.

Mary Calk, d. of Peter, of Second Creek, b. 22 February,
1698/9. Peter, s. of the same, b. 15 September, 1700 ; bap.
2 December, 1700.

John Camper, of Second Creek, had these children : John,
b. 28 October, 1699; bap. 2 February, 1699. Mercy, b.
29 December, 1701 ; bap. 31 May, 1702.

Robert Camper, of Second Creek, had these children :
Rebecca, b. 23 January, 1698/9; bap. 1698/9. John, b. 2
September, bap. 18 October, 1702.

Elizabeth Camper, d. of William, of St. Michael's River,
b. 29 August, 1700; bap. 13 April, 1701.

Peter Carr, s. of Peter, of Second Creek, b. 15 September,
1700; bap. 27 December, 1700.

Edward Cassale or Caslake, s. of Edward, of Camringham
Creek, b. 25 October, 1700; bap. 4 May, 1701.

Nathaniel Gear (?), s. of Benjamin, b. 18 April, 1699.

Susanna Collison, d. of George, of Harris Creek, b. 24
September, 1693. Sarah, d. of the same, of Third Haven
Creek, b. December, 1701/2; bap. 1704.

John Collior, s. of Joan, b. at Michael Ohelies of Bay
Side, 7 January, 1690/1 ; bap. 1690/1.

Job Connor, of Third Haven Creek, had these children :
Elenor, b. 29 September, 1691 ; bap. 1691. Susannah, b.
29 May, 1693 ; bap. 1693. Job, b. 28 March, 1696 ; bap. 22
October, 1702. Gilbert, b. 18 August, 1698; bap. 21 Feb-
ruary, 1698/9.

James Cormack, B. of John, servant to Colonel Edward

430 Register of St. Michael's Parish, Maryland, 167Q-1701.

Lloyd, of Wye Kiver, b. 27 February, 1701/2 ; bap. 26 April,
1702.

William Cooper, of Bay Side, had these children : Sarah
Maria or Sarah Diana, b. 10 October, 1700 ; bap. 11 May,
1701. John, b. 10 December, 1703 ; bap. 23 April, 1704.

Robert Croft, s. of Robert, of Second Creek, b. 30
December, 1686; bap. 1686.

Mary Croft, d. of Robert, of Third Haven Creek, b. 5
October, 1688; bap. 1688.

Catherine Croly ["Crowley"] , d. of James, of St. Michael's
River, b. 26 October, 1701; bap. 24 May, 1702.

Jane Crosse, d. of Thomas, of Third Haven Creek, b. 3
August, 1699 ; bap. 23 June, 1703.

Margaret Crowley, d. of James, of St. Michael's River,
bap. 11 June, 1704.

John Dawson, of St. Michael's River, Gent, had these
children: John, b. 21 February, 1697/8; bap. 21 February,
1697/8. Susanna, b. 14 April, 1700; bap. 27 April, 1701.
James, b. 12 April, 1702; bap. 16 April, 1702.

Ralph Dawson, Sr., Gent, of St. Michael's River, had
daughter Mary, b. 24 September, 1699; bap. 27 April, 1701.

Ralph Dawson, Sr., of Harris Creek, had daughter Elle-
nor, b. 22 June, 1702; bap. 9 August, 1702.

Ralph Dawson, Jr., had daughter , b. 25 March,

1697.

Ralph Dawson, of St. Michael's River, had daughter Mar-
garet, b. 16 September, 1702; bap. 18 October, 1702.

"William Dixon, of St. Michael's River, had Mary, b. 21
December, 1679 ; bap. 7 April, 1701. William, son of the
same, of St. Michael's River, b. 10 September, 1683 ; bap. 7
April, 1701.

Robert Dows, of Third Haven Creek, had these children :
Anthony, b. 11 July, 1689. Thomas, b. 18 October, 1691.
Sarah, b. 18 October, 1691. Elizabeth, b. 29 January,
1694/5.

Edmond Fferrell, s. of William, of Third Haven Creek,
b. March, 1702/3.

Henry Fforth, s. of Henry, of Second Creek, b. 31 Jan-
uary, 1700; bap. 11 May, 1701.

Eobert Fuller, s. of "William, of Second Creek, b. 11
January, 1699.

Elizabeth Fferrals, d. of William, of Third Haven Creek,
b. 1 October, 1700.

Charles Fawlkner, s. of Thomas, of St. Michael's River,
b. 22 December, 1700; bap. April, 1701.

Thomas Garrard, of Second Creek, had these children :
Barbarie, b. 10 August, 1696; Prudence, b. 10 August,
1696 ; Mathew, b. 23 August, 1698.

Jacob Gibson, of St. Michael's River, had these children :
Ann, b. 6 May, 1690. Sophia, b. 15 November, 1692. Wool
man, b. 28 (?)T March, 1694. Jacob, b. 13 October, 1698 ;
bap. 10 August, 1701.

John Glasse, s. of John, of Bay Side, b. 15 January,
1700/1; bap. 24 November, 1702.

Robert Gest or Gott, of the head of Third Haven Creek,
had these children : Robert, b. 15 October, 1680 ; bap. 1680.
Joseph, b. 27 November, 1685 ; bap. 1685. William, b. 14
February, 1686/7 ; bap. 1686/7. John, b. 15 April, 1690;
bap. 1690. Richard, b. 14 September, 1693; bap.
1693.

Robert Goldsborough, Esq., of St. Michael's River, had:
Mary, b. 14 December, bap. 2 February, 1702. Elizabeth,
b. 13 February, 1703 ; bap. young. Sarah, b. 28 March,
1704. Thomas, a negro of Robert Goldsborough, of St.
Michael's River, Esq., bap. 2 February, 1702/3. Sarah, a
negro of same, bap. 2 February, 1702/3.

James Griffith, servant of John Griffith, and son of John
Christison, of St. Michael's River, b. 15 November, 1697.

Robert Hall, of Third Haven Creek, had these children :
Robert, b. 2 January, 1689. Robert, b. 18 January, 1698/9.
Edward, b. 26 November, 1703; bap. 19 October, 1704.

Thomas Hall, of Third Haven Creek, had : John, b. 27
June, 1699 ; bap. 27 April, 1701. Rachel, b. 6 July, 1702 ;
bap. 9 August, 1702.

432 Register of St. Michael's Parish, Maryland, 1672-170£.

Katherine Hambleton or Hamilton, d. of William, of
St. Michael's River, b. 21 December, 1701; bap. 19 or 29
March, 1702.

Richard Harrington, Jr., of Second Creek, had these chil-
dren: Thomas, b. 29 November, 1699. John, b. 11 Decem-
ber, 1701 ; bap. 9 August, 1702. William, b. 30 June, bap.
30 July, 1704.

Robert Harrison, of Second Creek, had these children :
Joseph, b. 9 October, 1698; bap. March, 1700/1. Alice, b.
19 March, 1700/1 ; bap. 14 September, 1701.

Sarah Harrison, d. of Robert Harrison, of King's Creek,
b. 25 March, bap. 27 August, 1704.

William Harrison, s. of Richard, of Second Creek, b. 20
June, 1704.

John Hart, s. of John, of St. Michael's River, b. 4 March,
1701/2 ; bap. 5 July, 1702.

Elizabeth Harris, d. of William, of Harrises Creek, b. 28
August, 1699 ; bap. 9 October, 1699.

Joseph Hopkins, s. of Joseph, of Third Haven Creek, b.
26 June, bap. 30 July, 1704.

Ann Harvey, d. of William, of Bay Side, b. 13 December,
1701 ; bap. 14 June, 1702.

Joseph Hawkins, s. of Joseph, of Third Haven Creek, b.
26 June, 1704.

Benjamin Hennemore (?), s. of Andrew, of St. Michael's
River, b. March, bap. 11 June, 1704.

Henny or Horney , d. of Morlaugh, of St. Michael's

River, b. 15 August, 1696 ; bap. 18 May, 1701.

Mary Higgins, d. of James, of St. Michael's River, b. 28
June, 1702 ; bap. 16 August, 1702.

James Hopkins, s. of James, of Third Haven Creek, b. 26
July, 1702 ; bap. 4 October, 1702.

Thomas Hopkins, of St. Michael's River, had : Rebecca,
b. 28 February, 1699/1700; bap. 18 May, 1701. Rebecca,
b. 8 October, 1702.

Anne Hopkins, d. of William, of Third Haven Creek, b.
22 November, 1702; bap. 21 December, 1702.

Margaret Hughes, d. of Richard, of Wye River, b. 25
August, 1701; bap. 1 March, 1701/2.

Abraham Hurlock, s. of Abraham, of St. Michael's River,
b. 29 January, 1701 ; bap. 18 September, 1702.

Elizabeth Jackson, d. of Samuel, of Second Creek, b. 8
August, 1700; bap. 23 February, 1700.

Elizabeth Johnson, d. of William, of Third Haven Creek,
b. 11 November, 1698 ; bap. 21 February, 1698/9.

Elizabeth Jones, d. of Elizabeth, b. at Mr. Ridgway's, in
Third Haven Creek, 29 September, bap. 11 January, 1703.

Elizabeth Jones, d. of Elizabeth (widow), at William
Ridgway's, in Third Haven Creek, b. 15 April, 1704 ; bap.
in June, 1704.

William Jomes, of St. Michael's River, had these chil-
dren : Mary, b. 30 March, 1699. William, b. 25 October,
1700.

William Jones, of Second Creek, had daughter Mary, b.
15 April, bap. 17 April, 1704.

Benjamin Kinnamont, s. of Andrew, of St. Michael's
River, b. 11 March, bap. 11 June, 1704.

Robert Keddy, s. of Robert, of Charles County, b. 4
March, 1673/4; bap. at St. Michael's Church, 23 August,
1702.

Elizabeth Kemp, d. of Robert, of Bay Side, b. 20 May,
1683; bap. 19 September, 1702.

Robert Larramore, s. of Alexander, of Second Creek, b.
17 March, 1699.

Nicholas Lurkey, s. of John, of Second Creek, b. 15
April, 1699; bap. 14 May, 1699.

William Lee, of Great Choptank River, had these chil-
dren: Elizabeth, b. 14 February, 1702/3; bap. 4 April,
1703. William, b. 11 June, bap. 27 August, 1703.

Elizabeth Lurkey, d. of Nicholas, of Harris's Creek, b. 21
March, bap. 4 June, 1704 ; Ann, b. 21 March, bap. 4 June,
1704.

Edward Mack (Cormack ?), s. of John, of River,

bap. 21 May, 1704.

VOL. xxix. — 28

484 Register of St. Michael's Parish, Maryland,

Thomas Mackcor (Cormack?), s. of John, of Miles
Eiver, bap. 21 May, 1704.

Anne Marsden, d. of Mr. Richard, minister of St.
Michael's, b. 30 July, 1702; bap. , 1702.

Mary Mason, d. of Thomas, of Second Creek, b. 12 June
1692.

Sarah Mattock, d. of Charles, of Wye Eiver, b. 20
October, 1700 ; bap. 4 May, 1701. Charitie, d. of the same
of St. Michael's River, b. 8 May, bap. 19 September, 1701 (?)
Elizabeth, d. of the same, b. 1 May, 1703; bap. September
1703.

Joseph Merchant, s. of George, of Third Haven Creek, b.
1 or 9 December, 1700; bap. 11 May, 1701. Elizabeth, d.
of the same, b. 25 October, 1702; bap. 18 April, 1703.

John Merlen, s. of John, of St. Michael's River, b. 13
July, 1703; bap. August, 1703.

John Merrick, of St. Michael's River, had these children
James, b. 1 August, 1690; bap. 1690. John,b. 1 February,
1692/3; bap. 1693. Daniel, b. 3 November, 1695; bap.
1695. Abraham, b. 29 January, 1699; bap. 14 May, 1700.
Isaac, b. 3 July, 1703; bap. 27 August, 1703.

"William Morgan, of Third Haven Creek, had : Daughter,

, b. 30 April, 1699 ; bap. 3 August, 1701. Daughter,

, b. 7 November, 1700; bap. 3 August, 1701.

William Morrison, s. of William, of the Island at the
Mouth of Great Choptank, b. 13 February, 1695/6.

Francis Mori en, of St. Michael's River, had these chil-
dren : Sarah, b. 4 September, 1672. Francis, b. 5 Novem-
ber, 1678. John, b. 30 March, 1681. Abraham, b. 22
November, 1683. Isaac, b. 11 May, 1686. Jacob, b. 13
April, 1689. Charles, b. 1 September, 1691.

Richard Muttace, s. of John, of Third Haven Creek, b. 19
June, 1690.

Thomas Needles, s. of Thomas, of Third Haven Creek, b.
21 August, 1701 ; bap. 9 November, 1701.

Richard Needles, s. of Thomas, of Bay Side,b. 21 March,
1703/4; bap. 13 August, 1704.

Eegister of St. Michael's Parish, Maryland, 1672-1704. 435

Daniel Newman, s. of John, of St. Michael's River, bap.
23 August, 1702.

William Palmer (?), s. of William, of Broad Creek, b. 9
June, 1698; bap. 1698.

John Oldfield, s. of Henry, of King's Creek, b. 11 January,
1698/9; bap. 21 February, 1698/9.

Nathaniel Peck, s. of Benjamin, of Hunting Creek, b. 18
April, 1699; bap. 4 August, 1701.

Benjamin Pecke, s. of Benjamin, of Hunting Creek, gent,
and Mary his wife, b. 28 January, 1702/3 ; bap. 1702/3.

Susannah Pearson, d. of Robert, of Second Creek, b. 8
December, 1691.

Francis Porter, of St. Michael'^ River, had these children :
John, b. 15 Jifne, 1700 ; bap. 27 December, 1700. Joseph,
b. 30 April. 1702; bap. 7 March, 1703.

Mary Porter, d. of John, of St. Michael's River, b. 11
November, 1701 ; bap. 1701.

Sarah Porter, d. of Lawrence, of Bay Side, b. 13 March,
1703/4; bap. 23 April, 1704.

Richard Price, s. of Richard, of St. Michael's River, b. 12
January, 1700; bap. 4 May, 1701.

Ann Purifil (?), d. of William, of St. Michael's River, b.
16 December, 1702; bap. 14 March, 1703.

Richard Ratcliffe, of Auderbies Creek, had these chil-
dren: Richard, b. 5 March, 1691/2. James, b. 6 May,
1693.

Sarah Ridgway, d. of William, of Third Haven Creek, b.
14 June, 1701 ; bap. 12 June, 1702.

Arthur Rigby, s. of Arthur, of Third Haven Creek, b. 15
March, 1702/3, at two o'clock in the morning; bap. 20
November, 1708; certified 18 February, 1707.

Bartholomew Roberts, son of Richard, of Third Haven
Creek, b. 24 August, bap. 9 November, 1701.

Mary Roberts, d. of William, of Third Haven Creek, b.
16 January, 1703; bap. 3 April, 1704.

John Sandsbury, s. of John, of Second Creek, b. 26 June,
1698.

436 Eegister of St. Michael's Parish, Maryland, 1672-1704..

Elizabeth Sewell, d. of William, of Third Haven Creek,
b. 1 October, bap. 16 March, 1700/1.

Daniel Sherwood, of Second Creek, had these children :
Daniel, b. 8 April, 1699. Thomas, b. 8 April, 1699.
Margaret, b. 4 January, 1701. Mary, b. 25 May, 1704;
bap. 16 July, 1704.

Philemon Skinner, s. of William, of Broad Creek, b. 2
December, 1701 ; bap. 3 May, 1702.

Thomas Studdam, s. of Thomas, of Broad Creek, b. 13
April, 1702 ; bap. 3 May, 1702.

Henry Smith, s. of Henry, of Second Haven, b. 31 Janu-
ary, 1700; bap. 11 May, 1701.

William Smith, s. of William, of Third Haven Creek, b.
14 February, 1699.

William Snelling, of St. Michael's River, had : William,
b. 22 March, 1696/7; bap. 4 May, 1701. Margaret, b. 11
March, 1697/8 ; bap. 4 May, 1701. Thomas, b. 5 Novem-
ber, 1703; bap. June, 1704. Lawrence, b. 5 November,
1703; bap. 13 June, 1704.

Hugh Spedden, s. of Hugh, of Third Haven Creek, b. 8
August, 1703; bap. September, 1703.

Mary Spedden, d. of Thomas, of Second Creek, b. 3 Sep-
tember, 1703.

Alice Spencer, d. of James, of St. Michael's River, b. 15
August, 1699. Mary, d. of the same, b. 23 February,
1700 ; bap. 1 April, 1701. William, s. of the same, of
Bay Side, b. 15 , 1703; bap. 16 July, 1704.

Abigail W. Sprignall, d. of John, of Third Haven Creek,
b. 20 April, 1702; bap. 1 August, 1702.

Christopher Spry, of Third Haven Creek, had these chil-
dren : William, b. 2 February, 1701 ; bap. 13 January, 1702.
Elizabeth, b. 12 September, 1702; bap. 9 February, 1703.

Thomas Spry, s. of Thomas, of St. Michael's River, b. 27
March, 1701/2; bap. 5 July, 1702. Abigail, d. of the same,
b. 11 March, bap. 11 June, 1704. John, b. 15 Septem-
ber, 1694. Anthony, b. 15 September, 1696. Jane, b. 9
March, 1697/8. Samuel, b. 31 March, 1700.

John Start (Stuart or Stewart?), s. of John, of St.
Michael'8 River, b. 4 March, 1701/2; bap. 3 July, 1702.

Francis Stan ton, of St. Michael's River, had these chil-
dren : Susannah, b. 1682 ; bap. 22 June, 1702. Thomas,
b. 18 September, 1694; bap. 1694. Frances, b. 3 March,
1696; bap. 1696. John, b. 30 July, 1698; bap. 1698.
Samuel, b. 23 October, 1701; bap. 10 November, 1701.
Susanna, b. 26 October, 1700; bap. 23 June, 1703.

Elizabeth Stewarts, d. of James, of St. MichaePs River,
b. 19 October, 1701; bap. 13 September, 1702. Mary, d.
of the same, b. 19 October, 1701 ; bap. 13 September, 1702.

Samuel Taylor, s. of George, of Second Creek, b. 4 Feb-
ruary, 1679/80.

Sarah Turner, d. of Thomas, of Third Haven Creek, b.
24 March, 1699; bap. 1701.

Dorothy Valiant, d. of John, of Third Haven Creek, b.
4 June, 1702; bap. 1702.

Elizabeth Victor, d. of John, of Third Haven Creek, b.

10 October, 1701 ; bap. 23 August, 1702.

Robert Vows, of St. Michael's River, had : Anthony, b.

11 July, 1689. Sarah, b. 18 October, 1691. Thomas, b.
18 October, 1691. Elizabeth, b. 29 January, 1694/5. Fran-
cis, b. 9 November, 1700; baptized 24 June, 1702.

Thomas Ward, s. of John, of St. Michael's River, b. 24
July, 1703; bap. 29 August, 1703.

Mary Ward, d. of Matthew Tilghman Ward, of St.
MichaePs River, gent, b. 28 February, 1701.

Dennice White, s. of Dennice, of Second Creek, b. 11
May, 1699.

Henry Wharton, of Second Creek, had : Henry, b. 18
November, 1701; bap. 27 November, 1701. Mary, b. 13
December, 1702; bap. 17 February, 1702/3.

Richard Williams, of St. MichaePs River, had : Richard,
b. 3 August, 1699; bap. 23 June, 1703. John, b. 6 April,
1702; bap. 21 June, 1702.

Elizabeth , d. of Thomas, of St. MichaePs River,

b. 3 August, 1699 ; bap. 4 May, 1701.

438 Register of St. Michael's Parish, Maryland, 1672-170£.

Susannah , d. of , of Third Haven Creek,

b. 11 October, 1703 ; bap. 30 March, 1704.

Elizabeth Whitfield, b. 10 June, 1672. Henry Whitfield,
b. 6 November, 1676.

Elizabeth Webb, d. of William, of Bay Side, b. 12 Sep-
tember, 1703.1

1This record, copied some twelve years since from the time-stained al-
most illegible original, differs in a few questioned particulars from a later
manuscript copy, made by, and now in the possession of the Maryland
Historical Society, by the courtesy of which a companion was made.

The Quaker: A Drama in One Act. 439

THE QUAKER : A DEAMA IN ONE ACT.1

BY AUGUST VON KOTZEBUB.

[August von Kotzebue, the dramatist, was born at Weimar, May 3,
1761. During the period of the American Revolution, he was a student
at the University of Jena. He was in Paris about 1790, and filled a
number of offices in the Russian service. He was assassinated at
Mannheim, May 23, 1819, as a tool of the Holy Alliance, by the student,
Karl Sand, a liberal enthusiast, who became enraged at the strong mon-
archical sentiments of Kotzebue. Sand regarded himself in the light
of a liberator of his race, much as did Charlotte de Corday, and suffered
the penalty of execution afterward.

Kotzebue was a prolific writer, and left over one hundred playi of
more or less importance, besides a vast amount of political and other
publications. He evidently shared the Continental interest in the
progress of our Revolutionary war, and the development of our Federal
government. He may have learned some of his facts from the returning
Hessians, after the close of the war. In 1792 his "Die Indianer in
England" a comedy in three acts, was published in a French transla-
tion at Brussels ; and ' ' Kosmouk, or Die Indianer in Marseilles," another
three-act comedy, was published in Paris in 1801.

"The Quaker" is one of his minor plays, included in the forty-seven
volumes necessary to contain his works. It must interest an American
today, from the fact that it shows how well was understood the character
of the Quaker by a German whose mode of thought must have been
very diverse. ' ' Walter " Mifflin is doubtless intended for Warner
MifBin, an interesting compilation of the facts of whose life has just
been made by Miss Hilda Justice.

The incident of Mifflin's interview with General Howe is founded on
fact, and has been variously given, upon the authority of Hector St.
John de Crevecoeur, in his "Letters of an American Farmer." The
spirit of the occasion is preserved by Kotzebue ; he has, of course,
taken liberties with his characters in their family relations, but this is
permissible to the poet, who is not writing history. The incident
occurred during the British occupation of Philadelphia, in the early
winter of 1777. A. M. G.]

1 Translated by Amelia M. Gummere,

440 The Quaker : A Drama in One Act.

Dramatis Personce.

THE ENGLISH GBNERAL, LORD HOWB.
LIEUTENANT HOWE, HIS SON.
His ADJUTANT.
WALTER Mre FLIN "j
EDWARD MIFFLIN v QUAKERS.
MARIA MILFORD J

[The scene, laid in the period of the Revolution in Pennsylvania, at
the English headquarters outside of Philadelphia, is the apartment of
the General, which has a cabinet opening out from it.]

SCENE FIRST.
The General; his Adjutant.

General (to the Adjutant, who has just entered). Well,
Adjutant, no more news from my son ?

Adjutant (shrugging his shoulders). Not yet.

Gen. No trace of the whole detachment ?

Adj. None.

Gen. They should have returned to camp yesterday.

Adj. So the order ran.

Gen. I am afraid something has happened.

Adj. Whence can danger come? No enemy's troops
are near, and the whole neighborhood is only
occupied by Quakers.

Gen. But they too are men.

Adj. Not quite. Smite one of them upon his cheek
and he turns the other, imploring another blow.

Gen. Even patience has its limits. Besides, this forag-
ing is dangerous business, and I fear my son's
daring.

Adj. He is a brave youth.

Gen. Often unrestrained.

Adj. At his years

Gen. (laughing). Yes, yes, Mr. Adjutant, men know how
to console themselves, be they fools or knaves.
Too old, too young, drunkenness, passion ; — these

The Quaker : A Drama in One Act. 441

are but excuses for foolish or evil doings. I could
wish my son did not need such excuses, and yet I
begin to fear that he does.

Adj. In an enemy's country one allows himself many
liberties.

Gen. The enemy's country is God's earth, which one
should never soil with crimes, and least of all
this Pennsylvania. The only country in Amer-
ica that has not robbed its aborigines, but wa*
taken with their free consent. Perhaps the only
country in the world wherein no curse rests
upon the beginning of its rule. And yet I hear
daily of excesses.

Adj. The English soldier regards every inhabitant as a rebel
against his Fatherland. That excites him, makes
him wild. Yet but a few moments ago came an
old Quaker into camp without a pass, whom I
only protected from abuse by great exertion.

Gen. What did he want ?

Adj. He wishes to speak with your Excellency. I never
yet saw a man who bore mockery and arrogance
with such patience.

Gen. Bring him in. (Exit Adjutant.)

Gen. (Alone.) Did they mock him because of his calmness ?
That is another inconsistency of men — that with
the same lips they acknowledge and deride the
teachings of their God.

SCBNB SECOND.
The General; Walter Mifflin; the Adjutant.

Gen. Who are you ?
Mifflin. Walter Mifflin.
Gen. A Quaker ?
Miff. Yes, Friend Howe.
Gen. Whence come you ?
Miff. From County Kent.

442 The Quaker : A Drama in One Act.

Gen. What do you want?

Miff. To speak with thee.

Adj. (Removing Mifflin's hat.) Shameful ! To say " thou "
to the General ; to come into his presence with
the hat on !

Miff. Your customs are strange to me. I have never seen
a general before, but I know that every man is
my brother. My hat I have all my life worn upon
my head. It is a part of my clothing, and if I
stood before a King, I should not remove it.
Have I in this offended thee, Friend Howe ? For
that I am sorry. I wear my hat before God!
Why not before thee ?

Gen. I know your customs. Give him back his hat. (The
Adjutant obeys, and Mifflin replaces it.)

Gen. Now speak. What is your standing ?

Miff. I am a Quaker from the county of Kent.

Gen. Who sent you here ?

Miff. The Society of Friends.

Gen. (Mocking.) A peasant.

Miff. We are all alike among ourselves.

Gen. What does the Society desire ?

Miff. Thou knowest that we Friends mingle in no strife,
and least of all with weapons. All men are our
brothers, even you. You have come armed to
us ; — we have not resisted. We gave you to eat
and drink willingly ; that we do to all who are
hungry or thirsty. Wherefore then do thy sol-
diers plunder us ?

(During this conversation, an orderly has
entered and whispered a word in the Adjutant's
ear. The latter goes out in much excitement.)

Gen. You are rebels.

Miff. Not at all. We obey the rulers that God has put
over us. If He has allotted this power to you, we
shall bear it and be silent. If thy King wishes to
be our father, then he must not trample down his

The Quaker : A Drama in One Act. 448

children. This is all we ask; the rest we leave

to God.

Gen. Why are you come without a pass ?
Miff. A man may go where he will.
Gen. Even in time of war ?
Miff. We recognize no war.

Gen. Out of stubbornness, you create hindrances for your-
selves.
Miff. If we took passes from you, that would mean that we

recognized the so-called rights of war, and that

would be a sin.
Gen. Strange reasons.
Miff. If thou dost not approve them, despise them not, for

they«are founded upon righteousness, and the love

of man.
Gen. If you despise my protection, how can I vouch for no

mischance ?
Miff. What befalls me, I shall bear with patience and

courage.

Gen. And the source of this courage ?
Miff. My faith, my conscience.

Gen. But how, if I placed soldiers before your meeting-
houses, and forbade an entrance upon pain of

death ?

Miff. If the spirit moved me, I should go.
Gen. Even to death ?
Miff. Yes.

Gen. You hold yourselves as inspired ?
Miff. Why not, Friend Howe ? All good thoughts come

from God. That even the heathen knew, and

Marcus Aurelius, and Epictetus.
Gen. You are no peasant.
Miff. A peasant from County Kent.
Gen. You are a spy.
Miff. No.
Gen. Swear it.
Miff. We do not swear.

444 The Quaker : A Drama in One Act.

Gen. Shall I trust your mere word ?

Miff. Yes, for we never lie.

Gen. In the shade of your trees, such sentiments might do
for a little handful of men. For the government
of a state, they are deadly !

Miff. I am not come, Friend Howe, to dispute with thee.
We leave every man to his own belief. If in thy
right hand thou must bear the sword, at least take
in thy left the olive branch of mercy. It will
bring thee honour if thy troops are not robbers.

Gen. You speak insolently.

Miff. I speak the truth.

Gen. Has fate often proved your courage through sufferings?

Miff. God has not yet shown me this mercy.

Gen. And yet you believe yourself able to bear His prov-
ings?

Miff. That I believe.

Gen. Spiritual pride !

Miff. Far be it from me !

SCENE THIRD.
The foregoing ; the Adjutant.
Adj. General, I bring a sad message.
Gen. (Hastily.) My son ?

Adj. Unfortunately, it concerns him. Collect yourself.
Gen. I am a soldier. No speeches.

Adj. The detachment has returned, but your son

Gen. Well?

Adj. He is left behind.

Gen. Ha ! My William ! (Tries to compose himself.)

Where ? How ?

Adj. The Quakers have killed him !
Gen. The Quakers !

Miff. Friend, thou art wrong. The Friends spill no blood.
Adj. The soldiers are agreed. Still more, they have taken

prisoner him who committed the deed upon your

son.

The Quaker : A Drama in One Act. 445

Gen. The murderer of my son in my power !

Miff. But not a member of our Society.

Gen. That we shall find out. You see, Walter Mifflin,
that this moment is unfavorable to your message.
The next will show what I think of you and your
Society, and how I shall treat you. Until then,
you are my prisoner.

Miff. I am a free man.

Gen. Without contradiction, you go into this cabinet and
there await your fate. Woe to you — woe to you
all, if my son's blood cries to me for revenge !

Miff. Friend, be not precipitate.

Gen. Go ; you are in my power.

Miff. Only in«the power of God. (Exit.)

Gen. Now bring me the murderer.

Adj. Why should you rend your heart by sight of him ?

Gen. I must see him ! I must learn whether I may mourn
my son. (Exit,the Adjutant. Continues, to himself.)
A hard battle awaits me. I must dissever the father
from the judge. Oh, William, William ! Thy
bloody shade shall see these hypocrites unmasked.

SCENE FOURTH.

The General ; Edward Mifflin ; the Adjutant. (Latter with a
sword under his arm.)

Gen. Thou art the murderer of my son ?

Edw. I am no murderer.

Gen. Speak, what happened ? And speak the truth, by thy
life.

Edw. I have never lied. In a quiet valley stood scattered
houses, inhabited by industrious country folk.
Yesterday, as morning broke, a cry woke me from
my slumber. I leaped up ; I ran out ; the tones
of terror came from a house near by, where dwelt
my betrothed. I ran in, and others, awakened
like myself, followed. The house was being

446 The Quaker : A Drama in One Act.

plundered by the soldiers. In a closed chamber
near by I heard the screaming voice of my be-
trothed. I burst open the door, and saw a young
officer who sought to betray her unprotected
innocence. Madness seized me ; I tore his sword
from his side, he drew his pistol. In the moment
that he sought to kill me, I struck him down. I
am no murderer.

Gen. (After a sorrowful pause.) Is this true ?

Adj. (Shrugs his shoulders.)

Gen. (Places his hands before his face. After a pause, he
speaks with shame and sorrow.) Where is my
son's sword ?

Adj. Here.

Gen. (Takes it, sighing, and lays it on the table. Then
turns to Edward.) Speak on.

Edw. My brethren had meantime armed themselves with
whatever they could lay hands on. I joined them.
In numbers, we did not equal them, but thieves
are always cowards. They fled, we followed, I
the first. Anger drove me too far. I was taken.
Now thou knowest all.

Gen. Young man, let us suppose you have acted honourably
by hurrying to the rescue of your betrothed.

Edw. Only suppose ?

Gen. What can excuse you, when her danger was averted,
for following the troops of my King with a weapon
in your hand ?

Edw. I did wrong before God.

Gen. Are you a Quaker ?

Edw. Yes.

Gen. Have you followed the teachings of your sect ?

Edw. No.

Gen. Then are you doubly guilty. As a rebel, you stand
before my judgment seat. You have borne arms
against the King. You must die.

Edw. I have deserved death. Not as a rebel, but as a

The Quaker : A Drama in One Act. 447

sinner before God. Thou art but the means of

fulfilling His righteous judgment. Fulfil it.
Gen. What is your name ?
Edw. Edward Mifflin.

Gen. Mifflin ? How ? I know a Walter Mifflin.
Edw. He is my father.
Gen. Ha! This revenge I had not looked for, but it is

sweet ! Do you know where your father is at this

moment ?
Edw. He went to Philadelphia in order to take counsel

with the brethren.
Gen. He is here.
Edw. Here?

Gen. In the ne*t chamber.
Edw. Alas ! For the first time, I must shun my father's

glance ! Yet no ; he will pity me. I shall leave

the world with his blessing. Let me embrace my

father's knees before I die !
Gen. Yes, you shall see him. Not alone shall I bear a

father's sorrow. Eye for eye is your lesson, son

for son. I shall hear his lamentations, see his

tears, and his mourning shall lighten my own.

(He opens the cabinet door.) Come out, Walter

Mifflin.

In the fifth scene, Walter Mifflin is introduced, and a
touching reconciliation follows the son's explanation, after
which, Howe remaining inflexible, the son is led out to die.

The sixth scene, very brief, is a soliloquy of the General
upon the greater degree of bravery required for moral
struggles than to lead in battle. In the seventh, the Adju-
tant hurriedly announces the return of the Lieutenant,
desperately but not fatally wounded. He has come into
camp upon a horse led by a young Quaker maiden, and
seeks his father's forgiveness, and to be received again. The
eighth scene unites the father and his son, who explains at
length his experience, and his nursing and care at the

448 The Quaker : A Drama in One Act.

hands of the betrothed of Edward, Marie, and his mother.
Fear lest his father suddenly punish his own supposed mur-
derer brings him at the first possible moment, in the care of
Marie, to the General. The latter sends for Edward
Mifflin, and pronounces imprisonment and the loss of his
sword as punishment upon the Lieutenant, who submits.
Marie is sent for.

In the interview between the General and Marie in the
ninth scene, after questioning her for some time upon her
life, belief and future (she being all the time under the
impression that her lover is already dead) the General
informs her that for her services to him and to his son, he
grants pardon to Edward. She expresses her gratitude in
a few lines of verse.

Gott ist gross ! Gott ist gut I
Wenn liber dir in Leidenstagen
Schon die Wellen zusammen schlagen,
Halt' am Glauben I Fasse Muth !
Gott ist gross I Gott ist gut I

SCENE TENTH.
William ; Edward. The foregoing.

Gen. Come, young man, you are forgiven, and there stands

your pious Marie.
William. My father, permit me . I have severed the

noble pair; through me shall they again be united.

Marie! Benefactress of thine enemy! Thou

forgavest me when I could not stammer out my

thanks. Receive them now, and from my hand

take back thy lover.
Edw. Marie!
Marie. (Giving him her hand, blushingly). I greet .thee,

Edward.

Edw. I have sinned grievously against thee.
Gen. (Laughing.) He ventured his life for her.

The Quaker : A Drama in One Act. 449

Marie. Not against me, Edward, but against God and the

Friends.

Edw. Repentance atones.
Marie. Yes, Edward.

Edw. Hold me no longer unworthy of thee.
Marie. I have forgiven thee.
Gen. "What people! Our young men would have been

proud of such a deed, and our maidens of such a

love. (Calls into the cabinet.) "Walter Mifflin,

come out.

SCENE ELEVENTH.
Walter Mifflin. The foregoing .

Gen. The storm is past, the sun shines. There stand our

children.

Walter Mifflin. Thy son still lives ?
Gen. He lives.

Miff. God be thanked. The guilt is the less.
Gen. This good girl whom he insulted, has saved him.
Miff. She has done her duty.
Gen. And your wife's nursing saved him.
Miff. She but obeyed the Gospel command.
Gen. I give you your son's life.
Miff. Friend, thou doest right.
Gen. Inform your people that they shall henceforth remain

undisturbed.

Miff. Friend, this does thee honour.
Gen. Even in your rejoicing, this calmness?
Miff. My heart rejoices, but in silence.
Gen. Joy expressed, lightens the heart.
Miff. We do not thus disturb ourselves, but are happy in

quiet.

Gen. Then depart in peace.
Miff. Come, my daughter.
Edw. Father, may I follow thee ?
Miff. No, Edward Mifflin ; thou goest into solitude until

God and the Friends have forgiven thee.
VOL. xxix. — 29

450 The Quaker : A Drama in One Act.

Edw. Marie, pray for me.
Marie. With bloody tears.

Edw. I will suffer, but let me hope

Miff. Hope, my son. (To the General.) Friend, farewell.
Gen. Say to the Friends that I also pray for your son.
Miff. I will tell them.
Gen. And that I will care for him as a father until his

return.

Miff. I will tell them.

Gen. Thy own request will support my words ?
Miff. No.

Gen. Strong man, give me your hand.
Miff. Here is my hand.
Gen. Could you but give me your strong faith with this

hand's pressure !
Miff. Would God, my brother ! Then shouldst thou stand

fast in sorrow or joy. Fare thee well ! And if

thou comest into the County Kent, seek Walter

Mifflin.

Gen. God guide you.

Miff. I hope He will ! Come, Marie. (Exit.)
Gen. Ha ! what a people ! Could I conquer this half the

world, should I be as happy as Walter Mifflin ?

FINIS.

Some Sekctions from the Peters Papers. 451

SOME SELECTIONS FKOM THE "PETERS PAPERS,"
IN THE LIBRARY OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY
OF PENNSYLVANIA.

BY MISS J. C. WYLIE, CUSTODIAN.

Richard Peters to Conrad Weiser.

MY GOOD FRIEND

The Governor is under some Concern least, as at your
request the Indians were at the Count Zinzendorfs house,
he may not have abridgd them of their Quantity of meat
and Drink which they usually expect on these occasions —
But if they have taken anything of this kind amiss it must
be laid at your Door or indeed at their own since they were
told it beforehand, The Governor asked them one day to
dinner & made them their Present & they seemed well
pleased wth their entertainment, I have given Caxayan
such a Kettle as you requested & you will let him
know that it is your Present tho I have placed it to the
Proprietaries account,

We have the Pleasure to hear of Mr Thomas Penns
arrival in England,

Fresh Forces are gone to Jamaica from England & it is
thought with Intent to take Carthagena,

I am sorry for the Indisposition of your Family & heart-
ily wish their Recovery and the continuance of your health,
as well from a principle of affection for yourself, as on
account of the Publick Good wch would suffer was any acci-
dent to happen to you. I am sincerely

Your respectful Friend

RICHARD PETERS

February 28th 1741

452 Some Selections from the Peters Papers.

Richard Peters to Conrad Weiser.
MY GOOD FRIEND

As the Count chooses that the Indians shall be conveyed
from here to your house by the Moravian Brethren, the
Governor woud have supplied them with Provisions for
their journy, but the Count desird they might be main-
taind at his Expence in order to recommend himself to
their favour,

I should be glad to know whether they are pleased with
their Present and Treatment and I have it further in charge
from the Governor to desire you will furnish Caxayan with
such Provisions and necessaries as will bring him on his
Journy from your house to his own Country, and I will
thankfully repay you the Charges the next time I see you
in Town,

Do not let them want for anything that you shall judge
convenient, I am

Sir

Your respectful Friend

KICHARD PETERS
PHILADELPHIA
2 March 1741

Gov. George Thomas to Conrad Weiser.

PHILAD\ ffeb^. 26th 1741/2
HONEST CONRAD

Mr Peters put your Letter into my Hands which was
delivered to him by Coxhayion with a String of wampon
from the Onontagos, as an assurance that they with their
Allies the five Nations, will be at Philadelphia in the
Spring, according to the Proprietors Invitation, to receive
the Goods for the Lands sold to him on the west side of
Susquehanna, The String of wampon was delivered to me,
& I have laid it up without returning another, as you say,
it is neither necessary nor expected,

I know of nothing necessary to be said to the Indian
Messenger, but that Mr Penn being gone to England for a

Some Selections from the Peters Papers. 453

short time has left the Goods in my hands to be deliver' d
to the Five Nations, when they come to Philada, That I
expect to see them in the Spring according to their Prom-
ise, & that they shall meet with the same kind Reception &
Entertainment from me, as if Mr. Penn himself were here ;
for this was his Desire & it is perfectly agreable to my own
Inclinations, that it should be so, as I esteem the Six
Nations as our very good & faithful Brethren & Allies,

You will put this into such a Dress, as will be most agre-
able to the People it is to be carried to, which you under-
stand better than I do, & you may likewise make such addi-
tions as you think proper on the occasion,

The matchcoats, Powder & Lead are given as you desire,
& such a Kettie as you promised to the Bearer in 1737 for
his assistance to you, & is charged to the Proprietors
account, as, I suppose, it was at his desire, that you made
that Journey,

I leave it you to provide Meal or anything else you shall
think convenient & customary for these Indians, when they
come in the Spring, for their Entertainment at your House,
or on the way, & shall order yur payment for it, I hope
nothing will happen to prevent your coming with them ;
for I shall not know what to do without you, both on
account of the Language & your knowledge of their
Customs,

I am sorry to hear your Family is ill & very heartily wish
them better Health, being

Yr very sincere Friend
& humble serv*

GEO. THOMAS.
P.S:

Although I have a very high opinion of Count Zinzen-
dorfs Integrity & Religious Zeal, & consequently esteem
him much, I was not altogether willing, that the messenger
& his family should be at his House, lest his manner of
treating them should not prove agreable & they should
think that we failed in Civility to save Expence, & so make

454 Some Selections from the Peters Papers.

a Report to our Prejudice, when they return to their
Countrymen, I should be very well pleased, that the Count
could make them good Christians, but I would not have
the Business of the Province depend upon his success
with them, nor run the risque of their being disobliged
by being put into the hands of a Gentleman, who out of
good will would restrain them from what they think there
is no Crime in making a moderate use of. Drunkenness is
a very bad thing & I discourage it in Indians & others as
much as I can ; but should they become Christians, if they
are no better than Christians in common, they will be as
drunk as some of them are apt to be at present, & be greater
Thieves, Adulterers, Cheats &c than the worst of Indians
are, The knowledge of God & Christ ought to make Men
better, but how it happens I cannot tell, yet so it is, that
the common sort of People amongst Christians are worse
than the Indians, who are left to the Law of Nature, that is
to their own natural Reason, to guide them — If these Peo-
ple are anyways dissatisfied, you must excuse me, & put it
upon their own Consent or Choice, as you tell me it
was,

Yrs G. T.

Robert Tuite to William Peters.
SIR

At last I got an opportunity of sending y° your bathing
Tubb, there has been so much Ice for these two months
past in the river that could not get it on board the Shallop
till now, As it has been so long out of use it will want
the Assistance of a Cooper before it will be fitt for yours.
I hope the fishing season coming on shall soon have the
pleasure of seeing you here I dare say it will be a fine
Spring for Sport of all sorts & I assure you without com-
pliment will be very much heightend to me by the pleasure
of yr good company, Your Countryman Bob is very well

Some Selections from the Peters Papers. 455

as thank God we all are M™ Tuite & I heartily salute you
& your Bro, I am with true Esteem

Your Humb1 : Serv1 :

ROBT. TUITB
the 27th of ffeb* : 1741/2

Richard Peters to Conrad Weiser.

PHILADELPHIA 3 8ber 1750
SIR

Your news, tho extremely disagreable, does not surprize
me, because Professor Calm, a Swedish Naturalist, sent here
by y- King of Sweden & who has lately been at Niagara,
told me as much, nay more indeed, for he says positively
that the first attempt y* the English shall make of erecting
a Fort on any of the Waters of the Mississippi will begin
a War between the French Indians & our Indians & y* as
the Indians particularly the Senecas & those on Lake Erie
are French we shall undoubtedly have the worst of it,

The orders of the French Officers are, y* any Englishman
on what Business soever appearing on Lake Erie must be
cut off & the Indians, as it is said, have undertaken to bring
their scalps,

In short, our Indian affairs are in a most lamentable con-
dition and therefore I am commanded by the Governor to
desire most earnestly of you that you send your Journal to
him with all possible Expedition & yt you be sure to give
your Attendance at Philadelphia the 13th of this Instant,
when the Council will sit on Indian affairs, in order to fur-
nish Information and advice for the Assembly, & likewise
for a Remonstrance to be made to the other Governments
on the Continent & afterwards to his Majesty — And there is
this necessity for your appearance & Testimony and advice
that the Fall shipps will all be gone in the month of Octo-
ber, & there will be no opportunity of sending Letters to
England,

Pray favour me with a Letter and tell me how I shall

456 Some Selections from the Peters Papers.

write to the Proprietaries by a Ship yt is going from here
in Ten Days.

It seems to me that our only Game to play now is with
the Ohio Indians & the Twigh twees & Owendocts who are
numerous & may by proper & generous Treatment secure
to us a Ballance of Indians,

I most heartily congratulate you on your safe Return &
pray Heaven (if the bad lives of ye generality of ye people
will let him protect us) y* some method may be found to
guard us against an Indian War,

The People over the Hills are combin'd against the Gov-
ernment, are putting in new Cropps & bid us Defiance,

Good & generous Spirits do not sink in times of publick
Calamity, but exercise a cool understanding, &, where it is
proper, undergo whatever hardships they are expos'd to,

I have already given the Proprietors an uncomfortable
Detail of Indian Affairs ye last week by Mr. Hockley, who
has left with me a Power of Attorney to sell or otherwise
despose of his Lands about Reading,

Your Patent for Mahoniaky will be made out on De-
mand ; But I dont mention this on any other Account than
to shew you that previous to all this Change of affairs I
have done with the Proprietaries what I promisd you, that
is, a Grant in Fee to you & your Heirs for those Lands

I am at all times whether difficult or otherwise
Dr Sr Your affectionate
Friend

RICHARD PETERS

Samuel Auchmuty to Richard Peters.

NEW YORK July 29th 1754
DEAR SIR

I hope ere this you have got over the fatigue of your late
Excursion & that your Health has no ways suffered by it ;
but on the contrary the Exercise you have had, has sup-
ply ed you with a new fund of Spirits and Activity, whereby
you may proceed, (but with more Alacrity) as you have

Some Selections from the Peters Papers. 457

hitherto done, in serving mankind, & promoting the Honour
& Reputation of your Governm*,

I was much concerned that I was prevented seeing you
the Day you left New York, I was twice at your Lodgings
for that purpose, Besides being desirous in person of wish-
ing you a good & pleasant Journey, Health & Happiness, I
had the Lottery acct to settle with you, & the Ballance in
my pocket to pay you ; but as I had not that satisfaction, I
now begg you will let me know how I am to dispose of
your money, whether I shall pay it to any one here, or send
it to you ; & also thro' this Channel receive my [torn out]
ardent prayers for your prosperity & Happiness,

We have no news, unless it should be news to acquaint
you that Whit^eld is here, ranting away every Evening in
the Meeting House, Yesterday He held forth there three
times, His audience hitherto has consisted chiefly of the
Dregs of the City. He has neither visited our Church or
Clergy, since he has been here — I hear that tomorrow he
sets off for your City,

I will not by adding anything further engross your time,
therefore conclude with assuring you that

I am Dr Sr with the utmost sincerity
Yr much obliged Friend & Bror

SAMUEL AUCHMUTY
P, S, — My Compliments to
Parson Smith, Sturgeon
& all Friends,

Please in order to save postage, when you write to me to
direct yr Letter as follows

To R. NICHOLLS Esqr

in
K Y

Rev. William Smith to Richard Peters.

PHILAD* 22d Feb^ 1755
D*SR

Mr. Allen and you having signified to Mr. Alison and
me that the Trustees propose us the Honor of filling up the

458 Some Selections from the Peters Papers.

Blanks in the Charter with our names, & desired us to con-
fer together on the Subject, we have complied with that
desire, & settled as follows,

Mr. Alison readily agrees that to add the Duties of
Provost to those of Latin master, would he more than one
Man could manage ; more especially as the Superintendence
of the Philosophy-Classes, which must naturally fall to the
Provost, would be inconsistent with the Business of a pro-
fessor of Languages,

As to my sentiments they are in brief as follows, I need
not tell you that I think Mr. Alison qualified for any Station
in any College; and 'tis to be hoped, as soon as the Cir-
cumstances of the Academy will permit, the Trustees will
give him some easier Professorship than the laborious one
of Languages ; and till that is the Case he wishes too well
to the Institution to desire it, In the mean Time as this
Charter is granted chiefly to enable us, on a collegiate Plan,
to govern & confer Honors upon Students in Philosophy,
that good Intention would be wholly defeated, & the Pro-
fessors in the Sciences rendered despicable in the Eyes of
the Students, should the chief Dignity arising from the
new Charter & new Institution, center in any inferior
School. What Professor of Genius or Spirit would be
found willing to qualify Students in Philosophy for Degrees,
if any other Master in an inferior School had the confer-
ring such Degrees, and deprived him of the Honor due to
his Labors ? Or who would undertake the Care of Philos-
ophy Classes on such a Footing ?

Thus we were determined in this whole affair of the
Charter, solely by the Keason of Things, & the future Suc-
cess of the Institution ; without any private Biass,

We have however thought fit to add one thing to the
Charter, viz; that in Mr. Alison's Case, Kector of the
Academy shall be added to the Name of Yiceprovost as
synonimous. — The Reason is this, By your printed Consti-
tutions, when your plan extended no higher than a Latin
School, the Master of that School was Rector of the inferior

Some Selections from the Peters Papers. 459

ones, The world, reading this, without knowing any pri-
vate Keasons between Mr. Alison & you, believed him
Rector ex officio, & he was frequently addressed as such,
Unless, therefore, Rector is added to the name Viceprovost,
he is afraid the world might think he has rather lost than
gained by the Enlargment of the Plan ; As this is a delicate
Matter, and as we have conducted the whole affair of the
Charter with the utmost Harmony, Calmness & Deliber-
ation, I must beg leave to insist on that small alteration,
without enquiring further into the Reasons of it; for till
my worthy Friend & Colleague is fully satisfied I cannot be
satisfied. But this Expedient, which, himself proposed,
makes all perfectly easy ; and I hope the Trustees, far from
refusing to indulge us in this, will rather approve of the
Temper & Harmony with which we have consulted the
Oood of the Institution, in an affair which, with some Mas-
ters, might have embarrassed them a little, The words can
do no hurt in the Charter, because they stand in a clause
that has no Connection with the Rest; & the name dies
with Mr. Alison, unless the Trustees renew it, And in
deed when the Philosophy Students grow numerous, it may
be necessary to remove them to a separate house, & then a
Rector of the Academy may again be necessary, tho' still
in Subordination to the general Government of the Faculty,
But it would be needless to put this in the Charter, since
the Trustees have power to give such a subordinate Inspec-
tion of any number of the Schools to any professor what-
ever.— Mr. Alison and I communicated this scheme jointly
to Mr. Allen, and severally to Mr. Francis & Mr. Franklin,
I write this to you to enable you to explain the matter to the
Trustees, as Mr. Alison thought it better for me to explain
it than him,

I am Sr.
Your obed*, humble Serv*,

WILL: SMITH,

460 Some Selections from the Peters Papers.

Richard Peters to Thomas Penn.

HONOURD SIR

Mr. Cookson dying unexpectedly I was obliged to go to
Lancaster, It was well he left me Executor, as I had then
all his Papers in my Power, which I have sorted, putting
the Surveying Business by itself, the Proprietary Business,
the Prothonotarys and the Governors by themselves &
bringing all with me except what related to his County
Offices & that of Deputy Register, His Papers were not in
the best order on account of his having removed into a new
House & postponed thro Indisposition the putting them in
order, Mr. Edward Shippen Senior succeeds him in all
his offices except that of Deputy Surveyor, which is given
by Mr. Scull with the Governors Approbation & on my
Recommendation to a Son of Mr. James Galbreath of Pax-
tong, who has been a steady Friend to the Government &
the Proprietary Interest ever since your Departure, I
believe both Offices will be discharged faithfully and to
general satisfaction,

I acknowledge the Receit of your Duplicate of the 9th
January last, and an additional Letter of the 2d February,
The original of that of the 9th January I reced by the
Lyon the 23d March, I have at last the pleasure to see Mr
Joyce who delivered me yours of the 14 July, He has
been all this while at Boston consuming his time in selling
no more Goods than would bear his Expences & com-
plaining mightily of the People,

What I do not answer now, I will not fail to do fully by
the next ship, having a cold upon me that will not let me
hold down my head,

I am pleased to hear that Lady Juliana is as well as
could be expected and likely to give you an agreable In-
crease of your Family, Mr Tench Francis declares very
deliberately that your son is the finest Boy in the world,
nor wonder at it, adds he with great seriousness^for I never
saw the Peer of his mother for Grace and amiableness and

Some Selections from the Peters Papers. 461

a fine Person, She does me Honour to take notice of my
mentioning the Joy I expressed on the happy State of your
Family at the Birth of your Son, Such news every year
would give fresh delight if she shoud retain her health &
you your Spirits,

You rightly term my Letter of the 12 June a despairing
Letter, tho I was not then so much cast down, as a little
after my Letter of the 10th August, At that time Mr
Francis & I had agreed to bring four Ejectments in a
County, and to draw up a particular advertisement to be
put into the Papers at the usual time of the Receiver Gen-
erals giving his annual Notice in January or the beginning
of February : and I was to take the short method of Fine &
Imprisonment on two or three of the most notorious Tres-
passers on your appropriated Tracts, taking with me the
Sheriff & two Magistrates, When all of a sudden for no
reason in the world that I know of (but some foolish Body
or another telling him that the Assembly would not give
him his sallary, having a Notion that he assisted the Gov-
ernor who gave the House too much trouble by his advice,
and that while he did so, he must never expect anything
from the People) while I was preparing the Business for
him He enterd into a mysterious Conversation in the close
of which he told me he must altogether decline the Pro-
prietaries Business, This allarmed me & stopt my Progress,
afterwards he spoke doubtfully, & at other times woud ask
about Kilsmillers Business, and then again relapse into
doubts & uncertainty, Matters being in this ballancing
way, sometimes in good humour & sometimes otherwise, I
waited to see what issue it would take and especially as I
found the Governor in the same Embarassment as myself,
not knowing when he had & when he had him not,

At last your Instruction arrivd & wn the time of the
Assembly s sitting drew nigh, it was communicated to Mr
Allen & Mr Francis. After one or two conferences on this
subject he told the Governor, in the manner I wrote, that
he coud no longer serve as Attorney General or be retaind

462 Some Selections from the Peters Papers.

for the Proprietaries & yet when he knew that the Gover-
nor woud follow Mr Aliens & his advice, he returned to
his former state & thought much & well about the Busi-
ness,

I gave him fifty Pounds as he had wrote all the Gover-
nors Letters to the President of Maryland, & went up to
York to the Tryal of Kilsmiller, & he said it was enough —
It was not, added he, money he wranted or desird, but he
was growing into years & did business slower than in his
youth, perhaps owing to greater Caution and a Retreat into
something that would maintain him was a Prudence due to
his Family, Well, says I, shall I talk to you about Pro-
prietary Business, I have a long time wanted to say some-
thing to you on their Concerns whereupon he very gravely
said you have not stopd your hand for any thing I have
said, discoursed upon my saying no Ejectments had been
brought nor distresses made, nor coud I tell what to do,
What says he woud you advise me to — Since you ask me
I think you shoud proceed to do business as usual, and take
Fees for all extraordenary Business, & Let the £50 p.
annum suffice for a Retainer & ordinary Business, And he
has this under consideration, nor have I a positive answer
yet, He then asked what he shoud do about the Attorney
Generals place, I told him I made no doubt but the Gov-
ernor woud satisfy him as to the Point of the Sallary, I
coud not give you an Idea of my Situation but by a par-
ticular Detail which will serve to show you, as it is every
word matter of Fact, that whatever my Inclinations are, it
has not been in my power to do anything that I promisd in
my Letter to do, For what signified it to go on the
appropriated Tracts without doing something, especially as
I did not know what was your final determination as to
Leases, and whenever I go over them it will be necessary
to distinguish some, as well as punish others, & in short by
prudent measures to gain some of the best of the people
on your side, The Tenants on Callowhill & Springton
manors have expressd their Inclinations to lease tho they

Some Selections from the. Peters Papers. 463

would chuse to purchase, & thro the indefatigable pains of
Mr Richardson pay their Rents pretty regularly,

I have had much Conversation with Mr, Allen & Mr
Francis, & they do sincerely & after the best deliberation
declare, that the Paper money Bill had better pass here
with the usual appropriation by the Assembly, & be con-
demnd at home by previous management for that very un-
reasonable & unparliamentary method of appropriation :
which they say may be done by a word speaking and that it
is an honest &just & right & fair method, for you will never
otherwise get it brought to a fair Issue, the People will be
so tumultuous & ungovernable, and they earnestly entreat
I will place this matter in y* strongest Light to you that I
can, & recommend it with all the zeal possible, and they
have really persuaded me into an Opinion of its being the
proper method so far as that since it must at last after a
long contention be referrd to his Majesty, it woud save
abundance of vexatious wrangles if the matter shoud at
first be brought to that Tribunal and the Disposal of the
money there settled in the whole Legislature,

Your reason for your stay this year in England is so
unexceptionable, that if you can set out the next year, I
shoud think the Governor, if askd, notwithstanding his
notice, will stay till your arrival in the Government, tho
the year after notice woud expire perhaps in March next,
or April, according to the time of its being served on you,
for the Governor thinks that he is obliged to give a full
years notice which is to commence from the Day of Service.

Mr. Francis offer d no alteration in the Method of doing
Business so that you must have misunderstood my letter,
Nor was any Mode talkd on except what I have before
mentioned.

As to the Prospect of Philadelphia, I understood your
Letter right, y* it was to be for your private use, but Heap,
tho I did not know it, had determind to do it by subscription
& woud not be brought to any other terms, than those men-
tiond in Mr Hockleys & my first Letter & in every step we

464 Some Selections from the Peters Papers.

had the Governors advice, & and it is founded on this Truth,
that no Copper Plate can be kept long a private Property,
for some or other of your Friends woud be shewing the
Map & the moment the Map makers get hold of a Map
and they are always prowling like Foxes they woud get it
engraved and disperse it abroad, We acted for the best and
it gives us pain that our proceedings are so desagreable,
Coud I be justified by your short direction to put you to the
Expence of £200 ?

You may, Honourd Sir, receive your Fifty Pounds back
on demand I having secured it, or you may have the con-
duct of the Engraving at Mr. Sculls expence & take your
Fifty copys first & send the rest here, which last I think the
best, and what will help Mr. Scull out of the Scrape I have
led him into.

I advisd Mr Scull to try all methods to get it from the
widow of George Heap, a subtle crafty woman & he suc-
ceeded beyond my Expectation at the Expence of a Present
to her of £100 for her part. George had received £100
more & Winter since his death has reced £15,

Be so good as to peruse the Instructions given to Mr.
Wallace by Mr Scull and if you should not chuse to be a
Subscriber, yet be pleased, as the Poor man has done all to
serve you, and with a wonderful chearfulness, to recom-
mend the Execution of the work to an honest & frugal man,
or it may prove an heavier Burthen than Mr. Scull can go
thro,

In the Box are two Printed Books of the Newcastle Laws
neatly bound here, An Exemplified Law being the one
which you say was omitted, tho by a memorandum of
Charles Brockdens it was sent at the time the Papers of the
Maryland Com™ went. If it shoud not have been sent as
it was a single Act passed at that August Sessions 1750 it
must have been owing to my Engagements in your Com-
mission,

I have likewise put up Copies of Mr Aliens Leases &
Mr Isaac Norriss.

Some Selections from the Peters Papers. 465

From the Instructions already given very good Lease
may be drawn but your precise orders and the Covenants
to be expressd in the Leases and the Fines on the dropping
of one two or the whole three Lives would be the most
satisfactory.

I am

PHILADELPHIA Honourd Sir

18 Apr 1753 Your most obedient

humble servant

EICHARD PETERS

The Honourable THOMAS PENN Esquire,

P. S. — If notwithstanding what has been said about the
Perspective, you shall be of opinion that you can preserve
the Privacy of the Copper Plate, which may be done by
Patent, you may take the Draught to yourself, sending
three hundred Copies to Mr Scull for the use of the sub-
scribers so many having paid Ten Shillings a Piece, and
enable Mr Scull to be repaid what is given to Mrs Heap,
If a man be sent over on purpose, there will be no End of
the Expence,

I can be informed by Mr Joyce of every Point I want to
know respecting Leases in England, as he me. No care
however shall be wanting on my side previous to my exe-
cuting your orders, nor in the Forms of the Leases, But
people assign over their Property so often here that I am
afraid of unavoidable confusion, If they assign over their
Leases as frequently as they do their other Titles will it not
occasion trouble, this may be done without the Privity &
Consent of the Prop™ & their Agents, and then as nine in
ten dye Intestate and the Orphans Courts give orders for
the Division & Sale of the Estates, what will be done with
a Leasehold Estate ? I dont write this as an Answer to the
several Parts of your Letters relating to this subject for I
shall after my conferences wtk Mr Joyce put ell I have to
say in one letter & mix nothing with it.
VOL. xxix. — 30

466 Some Selections from the Peters Papers.

NEW YORK May 12, 1748
Advertisement.

Ran away the Twenty Seventh of April last from
William Gumming of the City of Annapolis in Maryland
a Servant Man named John Herbertson he is a Convict a
North Country Man speaks broad Scotch, and has a rough
Hoarse Voice he is a Middle siz'd Man, of a fresh Com-
plextion Sandy colour'd Hair and Beard with very white
Eye Brows and is a Miller by Trade he was seen Two Days
ago in this City of New York, and has on a Brown Suit ot
Cloth Cloaths a ruffled Shirt, a pair of Check Trousers and
a Leather Jocky Cap, he Chews Tobacco very much and
walks heavily, it is supposed he has a false Pass. Whoever
takes up and secures the said Servant so that his Master
may have him again, shall have Five Pounds Reward, be-
sides what the Law allows, and all reasonable Charges,

paid by —

WILLIAM CUMMING.

Delaware Bibk Records. 467

DELAWARE BIBLE RECORDS.

CONTRIBUTED BY REV. C. H. B. TURNER.

[The following records are copied from the Bible in possession of Mrs.
John Wilson, of Delaware. The first record reads, "Eliz. Clarkson —
her Book — was born in Cheshire, England, August 1st 1720. The gift
of her Father, William Becket, Missionary at Lewes."] J

John Futcher son of William Futcher and Mary his wife
was born May 7th 1744 and departed this life December 5th
177 [torn]

Thomas Futoher son of John Futcher and Sarah his wife
was born on Wednesday the 21st day of May 1766. And
departed this life 6th day of October 1769

William Futcher son of John Futcher and Sarah his wife
was born on Saturday 9th day of January 1768.

Departed this life December 18th 1836

Mary Futcher daughter of John Futcher and Sarah his
wife was born July 19th 1769

[torn] Futcher son of John Futcher and Sarah his wife
was born of Tuesday 18th day of December 1770

Susanah Futcher daughter of John Futcher and Sarah his
wife was born of Thursday 11th day of January 1773

Elizabeth Futcher daughter of John Futcher and Sarah
his wife was born on Wednesday August 23d. 1775. De-
parted this life February 1776

Wm Futcher son of John Futcher was married 28th day
of January 17952

aThe will of the Rev. William Becket, bearing date 17 August, 1743,
proved 29 August, 1743, recorded at Georgetown, Sussex County, de-
scribes him as " Missionary of the Gospel at Lewes," expresses his de-
sire to be buried in the church yard of St. Peter's at Lewes, between
the graves of his wives, makes bequests to his daughters, Elizabeth and
Susanna, and states that his son-in-law, William Futcher, and his wife
have already had their portion of his estate.

1 William Futcher married Martha Little, January, 1795.

468 Delaware Bible Records.

Sarah Futcher daughter of Wm Futcher and Martha his
wife was born of the 9th day of December 1795

John Futcher son of Wm Futcher and Martha his wife
was born on Sunday the 8th day of October 1797

Mary Futcher daughter of Wm Futcher and Mary his
wife was born on the 5th day of February 1800. Departed
this life January 23d 1822— The wife of Wm Roades1

Peggy Futcher daughter of Wm. Futcher and Martha his
wife was born Saturday the 10th Day of December 1803.
Departed this life October 1806

Wm. Roades son of Wm Roades and Mary his wife was
born December 13th 1821

Margaret Futcher daughter of John Futcher and Hetty
Ann his wife was born of Thursday the 25th day of August
1825

Thomas Futcher son of John and Hetty Ann his wife
was born September 20th 1826 and departed this life the
same day

Mary West Futcher daughter of John and Hetty Ann his
wife was born May 11th 1828

Erasmus Marsh Futcher son of John and Hetty Ann his
wife was born January 1st 1830

William Futcher son of John and Hetty Ann his wife
was born March 16th 1831 and departed this life the same
day

Adaline Futcher daughter of John and Hetty Ann his
wife was born August 25- 1832, and departed this life the
same day

John Little Futcher son of John and Hetty Ann his wife
was born March 17th 1834 and departed this life the same
day

John Mitchelmore Futcher son of John and Hetty Ann
his wife was born February 14th 1835

Martha Ann daughter of John and Hetty Ann his wife
was born February 13th 1838

1 William T. Rhodes married Mary Futcher, 18 January, 1821. Rec-
ords of the United Presbyterian churches of Lewes, Kehoboth and Cool
Spring, a copy of which is in The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. ED.

Delaware Bibk Records. 469

Joseph Franklin Futcher son of John and Hetty Ann his
wife was born August 2d. 1839

Becket Futcher son of John and Hetty Ann his wife was
born April 23d 1841 and departed this life the same day

Hetty Elinder Futcher daughter of John and Hetty Ann
his wife was born February 6th 1843

Sarah Lamb daughter of Wm Futcher and Martha his
wife departed this life March 3d. 1848, aged 52 years 2
month

John Little son of John Little and Sarah his wife was
born June 6th 17711

Margaret Little daughter of John and Sarah his wife was
born July 3d. 1773

Martha Little daughter of John and Sarah his wife was
born June 27th 1774

1 John Little married Sarah Gill, 20 December, 1770.

470 Orderly Book Fourth Pennsylvania Battalion, 1776.

OKDERLY BOOK FOURTH PENNSYLVANIA BAT-
TALION, COL. ANTHONY WAYNE, 1776.

[A number of the Orders are in the handwriting of Col. Wayne.]

MARCUS HOOK, Feb. 27, 1776.
Parole Cambridge.

A Guard to mount tomorrow consisting of one Serj* one
Corporal and eight Privates.

The two Companies quartered here to Parade together in
order to exercise at 9 o'clock every morning and to exercise
separate every afternoon.

Great attention to be given by the officers of these two
Companies that the men be allert on duty when Sentry and
likewise to be careful in Training ye men.

MARCUS HOOK, Feb. 28, 1776.

Its the Colo8 orders that the strictest regularity be ob-
served, and harmony cultivated between the two companies
stationed here that proper Serjts Guard be kept up consist-
ing of 12 men who are always to hold themselves ready to
turn out on any alarm and to keep in safe custody all such
Prisoners that be given to them in charge by any officers,
either commissioned or non-commissioned until discharged
by the Commanding Officer for the time being.

Its also the Colo8 Orders that the Quarter Master Ser* do
take particular care to see that the following Rations be
duly and regularly served out to the Soldiers, & that they
are of a good quality : viz.

1 lb Beef or £ Ib Pork, or 1 Ib Salt fish pr day—

1 lb Bread or flour p day —

3 pints peas or beans p week, or vegetables equivalent at
one Dollar p bushel for peas or beans.

1 pint of milk p. man p. day, or at the rate of 1/72 of a
Dollar.

Orderly Book Fourth Pennsylvania Battalion, 1776. 471

1 Quart of Spruce beer or Cyder p man p. day, or nine
gallons of Molasses p company of 100 men, p week.

\ pint rice, or 1 pint of Indian meal p. man p. week.

3 Ib Candles to 100 men p. week, for Guards.

24 Ib. Soft or 8 Ib. bard soap pr 100 men p. week.

The Fifes & Drums are to be kept constantly in training,
wben off field duty. Tbe officers are to permit no oppor-
tunity in perfecting themselves in their duty.

The Guards are not to be relieved until they deliver up
their arms in as good Order as they rec'd them.

No soldier is to be out of Quarters after 9 o'clock at night,
at which time the Tattoo is to be beat and the Roll to be
called.

• .- MARCUS HOOK, Feb 29 1776.

Parole — Lancaster

The Serjant of the Guard to fix a Sentry at the Com-
mandants Quarters regularly every day.

Ensign Wallace to visit the Barracks and Infirmary and
report what necessaries are wanted.

The Commanders of the Companies in Hook are imme-
diately to recommend proper persons to fill the vacancies of
Serjants and Corporals.

Capt. Robinson returned —

James Marchant \ Q ' t
Joseph Gray /

William Ellis >|

David Valow I c als

Richard Mathews
James Grubb J

The Col. has appointed them accordingly, whose com-
mands are to be regularly obeyed as such.
Capt. Taylor returns —

James M°Culla. i ~

v Serjants.
Robert Anderson /

Alex. M°Elhatton ) -

Nath. M'Gill } CorP°rals-

472 Orderly Book Fourth Pennsylvania Battalion, 1776.

The Col. appointed them accordingly, whose commands
are to be regularly obeyed as such.

[From March 1 to 8 inclusive no orders are entered.]

MARCUS HOOK, March 9, 1776.
Parok — Boston.

Its the Commanding officers Particular orders that no
officer in the two companies quartered at Hook absent
themselves from their Quarters without leave from the
Commanding officer.

And no Soldier be permitted to go on Furlough without
liberty from the Colonel. A morning report to be given to
the Commanding officer every morning at nine o'clock and
to mention the men's names if any are absent, and likewise,
in the evening to report all that may be^absent from Parade.

No officer to be absent from the parade without a suffi-
cient reason and all officers to be careful while the men are
marching in the Field to be steady and silent, and that the
men keep their heads up and perform everything in a sol-
dier like manner.

[No entries between March 9 and 14.]

HOOK, March 14 1776.

Col desires Capt. Robinson to return proper Persons to fill
vacancies of Serjants, — who returns

Cor. Willm Ellis as Serjant, and Robt. Anderson as Fourth
Corporal in room of Willm Ellis preferred.

[No entries between March 14 and 28, while the com-
panies were on the march to New York.]

HEAD QUARTERS March 28, 1776.
EVENING ORDERS.
Parole — Maryland.

The General expects and requires that the greatest care
be taken by the Officers] of the different Corps to prevent
their soldiers from doing any injury to the Houses in which

Orderly Book Fourth Pennsylvania Battalion, 1776. 473

they are quartered, and in order to guard against such prac-
tices, a Subaltern officer once a day to inspect the lodging
of their men and if any damage is done to the houses or
furniture to report the delinquents that they may be severely
punished.

Field Officers of the Day for tomorrow — Major Doughty
and Adj* Mr Walker.

HEAD QUARTERS March 29 1776.
EVENING ORDERS.

Parole — Franklin. Countersign — Cheaves.
The Troops that arrived yesterday to furnish their propor-
tion of men for guards and fatigues tomorrow morning. A
Garrison Court Martial consisting of one Captain, 4 Sub-
alterns, to sit tomorrow at ten o'clock in the forenoon for
the tryal of such persons as may be brought before them.

One half of the men on Duty tomorrow are to parade at
8 o'clock at the Grand Parade before Trinity Church, for
Fatigue.

HEAD QUARTERS, NEW YORK, March 30 1776.

EVENING ORDERS.

Parole — Woodston. Countersign — Carroll.
Guard and Fatigues as usual.

The Field Officers tomorrow, Col. Hand, and the Adju-
tant Mr. Singlar.

Orders that all the Adjutants for the future are to attend
for orders.

HEAD QUARTERS, NEW YORK, March 31 1776.

AFTER ORDERS.

Parole — Thompson — Countersign — Stirling.
The Field Officers of the Day for tomorrow is Col. Bayley
and the Adjutant Mr. Walker.

Main Guard and Fatigue as usual, and reserve to consist
of one Captain two Subalterns, 2 Serjants, 2 Corporals, 2
Drummers and fifty men.

East Eiver North Upper Barracks Guard to furnish one

474 Orderly Book Fourth Pennsylvania Battalion, 1776.

Parole every hour from Tattoo to Revelly. Reserve Guards
to furnish four Paroles every hour of the night.

In future all orders, except on special occasions, will issue
at Orderly Time in the morning.

HEAD QUARTERS April 1, 1776.
Parole — Boston. Countersign — Amboy.

Field Officers of the day for tomorrow is Col. Bayley, and
the Adjutant, Mr. Cramer.

As the buildings in which the Troops are Baracked are
very good, particular care must be taken to prevent them
being damaged, and where there is furniture, it must be
carefully preserved.

Each Regiment in the City will at Revelly Beating mount
a Piquet Guard consisting of one Captain, 2 Subalterns, 2
Serjants, a Drum, a Fife, and fifty rank and file. Their
arms must be carefully inspected — afterwhile they are to lie
on their arms in respective Quarters during the night and
are not to be absent from their Quarters in the day time.
The Picquet is under the Command of the Field Officer of
the Day, and on any emergency will follow his directions.

Those Regiments lately arrived in this City, from the East-
ward will do duty after this day, both on Guard and
Fatigues.

His Excellency General Washington having some time
since, for the distinction of the several rates of Officers in
the Army, directed that the Field Officers wear in their hats
Red Cockades, the Captains, Yellow and Subalterns, Green
— the officers will conform to these orders, and all others are
forbid wearing of these colors.

All Guards and the Regiments and Corps in Camp, will
be under arms in their Regimental orders, and the Guards
before the respective Guard Houses at Revellee and there
remain until Sunrise. Alarm posts will soon be assigned
to each Regiment, which will contain [torn] at the afore-
mentioned time all the Regiments to furnish one Subaltern

Orderly Book Fourth Pennsylvania Battalion, 1776. 475

one Serjant 1 Corporal, and 24 men for Guards and
Fatigues.

HEAD QUABTERS NEW YORK April 2, 1776.

MORNING ORDERS.
Parole, Cambridge — Countersign — Salem.

The Field Officer of the Day tomorrow is Major DeHart,
and the Adjutant Mr. Sinclair.

The Commanding officer of Eegiments and Corps will
send to the Town Major tomorrow at Orderly time the
name of the Ward and Street in which the Regim* or
Corps is quartered. The Commanding officer of each of
the established Regiments will pay particular attention its
Disipline and $he men off Duty must be daily exersised as
the Weather is Fine.

Starks, Webbs, Pattersons, Yreatons, and Bonds Regi-
ments, will be under arms this afternoon at three O'clock on
the Common (except those on duty). One Subaltern, one
Serjant and twelve Privates, of Cap*. Davis company of Ar-
tilery, to be ready tomorrow to March on Command for
twelve Days. One Captn 2 Subal, 2 Serjnt, Fife & Drum &
fifty Rank and File to be Draughted from the Brigade late
from Boston for the same Command. In order to prevent
the Breaking out of Fire in the City, the chimneys must be
kept clean.

Particular care must be taken that the sweeps are not ob-
structed in sweeping the chimnies and when^ the chimnies
of any Barracks is swept the Officer in such Barracks will
give the sweeper a Certificate of his haveing performed this
Service.

HEAD QUARTERS NEW YORK April 3. 1776.

MORNING ORDERS.
Parole — Lee. Countersign — Moore.

Colonels Quarters near New York April 10th 1776.
Orders for the detachment of the Lht Batalion of Penn-
sylvania troops now commanded by Major Hauseggar at

476 Orderly Book Fourth Pennsylvania Battalion, 1776.

Kevellee Beating at break of Day, all Officers and Soldiers
to be under arms at that time and remain there till sunrise.

The Camp to be left clean, and if any man is found to
make any nastiness anywhere else but at that place, that
man shall be severly punished. The Rolls to be called
twice a day, in the morning & in the evening, & it any man
be absent of roll calling he shall be severly punished. No
noncommissioned Officer or Soldier is to leave the Camp
without leave of the Officer commanding the detachment ;
no fences or trees to be cut down or damaged on any account
what ever ; if any man be found guilty he shall be confined
and punished accordingly. No man shall fire his gun
without leave of the Commanding officer of the Comp7 ; if
any piece Should be loaded & the lead could not be drawn,
the officer commanding the Comp7 to which he belongs is
to be acquainted immediately therewith. The tents must
be taken care of, and nothing is more necessary than to see
that the men lay's their Guns upon forks & particular care-
full that the sticks touch not the tents.

Orders is given at Chester that there shall be a weekly
Officer, a Serj't — and they are not to Absent themselves
from the Camp on any pretence whatsoever.

HEAD QUARTERS April 3. 1776.
Parole — Lee. Countersign — Moore.

The Field Officer of the Day tomorrow is Col. Stark &
Adjut Mr. Candelin. The General thanks Major Dehart
and soldiers of the New Jersey Battn. who so readily offered
their services and effected the Burning the Building and
defacing the works and bringing off the intrenshing Tools,
the last night on the Island under the very guns of the
Asia man of War.

As the Army is considerably reinforced by the troops
lately arrived in Town —

The General thanks the Officers and Soldiers of the City
Militia of Col. Ramson, Jays and Lotts Regt8 for their vigi-
lance in assisting in fortifying the City, and excuses them

Orderly Book Fourth Pennsylvania Battalion, 1776. 477

from any future Fatague at present, being fully assured that
in any emmergency their assistance will be immediately
offered.

The soldiers are not to be absent from their Quarters
after Tattoo.

Captain Lacy to furnish for gaurd one Cap. and four
men, and one Cap. and nine men for fatigue.

HEAD QUARTERS April 4. 1776.
MORNING ORDERS.

Parole — Cambridge. Coun tersign — Eoxbury.
The Field officers for the day tomorrow Col: Patterson
and the Adjutant Mr. Walker.

Guards as ifsual. Fatagues as many men as the Engineer
can employ to advantage in order to scale the Cannon.
At Morning and Evening guns is to be Fired every day
until the whole are cleaned.

Guards for tomorrow 1 Corporal 4 privits ; Fatigues as
usual.

HEAD QUARTERS NEW YORK April 5. 1776.

MORNING ORDERS.
Parole — Dorchester — Countersign — Castle.

General Orders by the Hon: Major Gen. Putnam, the
General finding it necessary for the sake of good order and
discipline, that there should be no strowling through the
streets after Tattoo beating, for the purpose has acquainted
the inhabitants they cannot pass the Gentries without the
Countersign. The Officers are immediately to acquaint
their men that at the beating of tattoo, they are to retire to
and remain in their Barracks. All soldiers found strowling
are to be confined and may depend will be made examples
of.

The Officers of the Standing army are to continue to
enlist from the Militia such able bodied men as are willing
to serve during the Campaign.

The General strictly enjoins the Officers to live in the

478 Orderly Book Fourth Pennsylvania Battalion,, 1776.

Strictest peace and ammity with the inhabitants and to pre-
vent any insult being offered them by the Soldiers.

Agreeable to the orders of the 2d instant 1 Lieut., 1 Serj.
and 12 Privites of Cap*. Davis Comp. of Artily. & 1 Cap*.
2 Lut. 2 Serj, fife and drum, and 50 Rank and file to march
tomorrow morning to Fort Montgomery ; they are imme-
diately to apply to the Quarter Master General who will
use a Vessell to convey them up the River.

Cap*. Dicksons, of Daytons Reg*., with his Comd to
march tomorrow to take post at Powles Hook.

The Adjutants to be punctual at giving in their Returns
tomorrow to the Major of Brigades and of paradeing their
men at the usual hour for guard and Fatigue.

Tattoo to beat precisely at half past nine o'clock; each
Regiment is to beat Tattoo at their own Parade. At the
time the Drums are beating from Head Quarters round the
Town. The centries not to demand the Countersign from
the inhabitants till Saturday Night,

A General Court Martial to sit tomorrow morning at 10
o'clock at Fraunce's Tavern; all Evidences and persons
concerned to attend the court. Mr. Willcocks to sit as
Judge Advocate till further orders.

The Field Officer of the Day Tomorrow is to furnish 7
men and one sub. For Fatigue 1 Sej. and fifteen, men.

(To be continued.)

How the Site of Carlisle, Pennsylvania, was Purchased. 479

HOW THE SITE OF CAELISLE, CUMBERLAND
COUNTY, PENNA., WAS PURCHASED.

[Letter of Thomas Cookson to Thomas Perm, in "Perm Papers," Li-
brary of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania.]

HONOURD SIR

On fixing the Seat of the Town of Carlisle at Letorts Spring,
I furnished the Governor with a draught of the Lands pur-
chased to be transmitted to your Honour. I doubt not but
most of them woud appear high rated, as indeed they are,
which may render it necessary for me to mention the Reasons
I purchased at such rates, After the Governor had been well
informed of the Conveniences of the different Situations in
the County of Cumberland proposed for a County Town, and
had determined to fix it at Letorts Spring, I then received
my directions to purchase two or three Plantations upon
the Spring for the seat of the Town, having survey d two
pretty good Tracts near it, for Timber Out Lots or such
other Accommodations as you shoud think fit to apply them
and accordingly with all the Privacy and Dispatch imagi-
nable I endeavoured to get the Purchases made before it
was made publick, I took a Ride to the Place and bought
Patrick Davison's & William Davison's Plantations which
are very good ones and most convenient for the centre of
the Town, I then bought James Gilcores and wanted the
Plantation late Peter Wilkies, when I enquired about that,
I found that Peter Wilkie had made a Will and had left
that Plantation for the maintenance of his wife and children
during her widowhood To be sold nevertheless on her mar-
riage This put a stop for a time to our Proceedings I
acquainted the Governor with the difficulties thrown in our
Way and on shewing him a Draught of the Lands pur-
chased and of the adjacent Plantations He resolved not to
proceed to fix the Town there unless this Tract of Wilkies

480 How the Site of Carlisle, Pennsylvania, was Purchased.

that of John M'Clare's and the others since purchased could
be got for your Honour looking upon them as Plantations,
that in time, if in other Hands, woud interfere with the
most advantageous Part of your Scheme, as he has found in
his late Purchases about the Town of Lancaster, being
obliged to give five times the money he might have had
them for ten or twelve years ago, Upon this I immedeately
returnd to Letorts to endeavour to make all the Purchases
thought necessary, The Widow Wilkie was about to marry,
and I treated with the Executors about the price, these were
very high, as were the others I acquainted Mr Peters with
the large Demands made for these Plantations, as I
imagined you woud think them very extravagant in that
Part of the Country, but cheaper I could not get them, the
Country were waiting for a Town to be laid out, and the
Governor thought it would be for your Interest to have
those Lands even at the rates they insisted on rather than
leave them in their Possessions, thus they were purchased as
speedily and as cheap as was in my Power, I have now
sent another copy of the Draught of those Lands wherein
I have marked the centre of the town and the names of the
persons from whom the several Plantations were purchased
and the Prices I have also noted a Part convenient for Out
Lots, I mentioned the Letting them on Leases for Lives,
but the People at present settled there coud not be brought
to think of any other tenure than a Fee Simple and were of
the Rents first ; settled at Lancaster viz 7/ sterl for 5 acres,
However they will think much to give above ten or twelve
shill sterl, at the most, Mr Peters by me promised the
Settlers out Lots, but no terms were agreed upon, I there-
fore desired Mr Armstrong the Deputy Surveyor there to
measure out 20 or 30 Out Lots, and to be very particular in
noting the Quality of each as to Soil Timber &c and to send
down the draught of them to Mr, Peters that some mode of
granting or letting them shoud be agreed upon, and the first
adventurers in the Town accommodated which will much
encourage others, The Tavernkeepers in Town are kept

How the Site of Carlisle, Pennsylvania, was Purchased. 481

easy at present by having the Meadow Ground on the Spring
rented out amongst them, the Town is improving as much
as can well be expected, and I hope by the fall you will
have a further agreeable account altho they are far short of
the Town of Reading which has rose up most surprizingly,
I am sorry we had not the Plan of the Centre Square in
time I think it a very beautiful one But we coud none of
us hit upon it and the Town having been long kept back
the Governor directed Mr Scull to form the Plan upon your
letter as near your design as he coud which was done, and
carried into Execution, I have sent also copies of the
Draughts of the other Surveys made for your Family on the
West Side Sasquehannah, The Settlement of Marsh Creek
to be surveyed* into a manor called Maske is filled with a set
of People of the same Temper and Principles with the first
settlers of it who are mostly removed and who had opposed
the surveying that Land for the use of your Family, The
Secretary and Surveyor General with some Magistrates
were up to attempt it but in vain, during the late War and
since, the Province has been in Broils, and the People read-
ier to join with such Rioters, than to assist the officers of
Justice to suppress them, for that whole settlement has been
brought in at the time of an Election with the popular cry
and no one would or durst touch them, tho' Out Lawries
against some of them, therefore I think it will be better to
wait for a more favourable opportunity in such extraordi-
nary cases as these when there may be a better Prospect of
carrying into execution any design of either removing or
laying Terms on them. The Town of York is well im-
proved several good Houses of Brick or Stone built within
these two years I shall take an account from Mr, Stevenson
of the present State of it and transmit it with the Plan by
the next opportunity. Mr. Lardner mentioned to me your
inclination to ease him of the trouble of receiving your Quit
Rente in the Counties of York and Cumberland and that
you should be willing that I should receive those Rents and
yearly account to him or the Receiver General for the time
VOL. xxix. — 31

482 How the Site of Carlisle, Pennsylvania, was Purchased.

being, I desired him to return your Honour my Thanks
for his Confidence and good Opinion and that I should under-
take anything within my capacity for your Service when he
shall think fit to put me into some method for entering upon
the Business, Theres a good deal of Arrears of Kent due
in York, the Terms the Lots were taken up first were to
have 'em two years Rent free, I must also beg leave to
return my thanks for the honour you did me in naming
me one of your Commissioners for running the lines, I
should be well pleased to have been serviceable on the
occasion

I am
Hond Sir

Yr Honours

Most obed* Serv*

THO: COOKSON
LANCASTER
8* June 1752

Notes and Queries. 483

NOTES AND QUERIES.

notes.

JAMES ARMSTRONG. — I should be glad to get all information on the
parentage, family, and later history of Capt. James Armstrong of
"Light Horse Harry" Lee's Legion. A query in the "Virginia
Magazine of History " and a lengthy one in the " Atlanta Constitution "
unfortunately brought no new facts to light, nor any proof or well
founded tradition of relationships. According to the records heretofore
published there seemed to be two or three officers of the name James
Armstrong in Pennsylvania regular troops, but all the items are now
proved to refer to a single individual, as shown in the following account
of James Armstrong of Lee's Legion. If there were others, they must
have served only in the militia of the western counties.

James Armstrong was Quartermaster (Feb. 29, 1776), Ensign (May
21, 1776), 2d Lieut. (Nov. 11, 1776), all in the 2d Penna. Battalion ;
and 1st Lieut. (April 1, 1777), in the 3d Penna. Line, which was
formerly the 2d Penna. Battalion. (Penna. Archives, 2d series, vol. 10,
and vol. 15, p. 432 ; also War Dep't, Washington). At Peekskill,
July 16, 1778, Lt. James Armstrong of the. 3d Penna., was tried by
court martial, and "notwithstanding his good character as an officer
and soldier," was reprimanded by Washington. (Penna. Arch., 2d
series, vol. 11, p. 294). At White Plains, Sept. 15, 1778, Lt. James
Armstrong was, with other 3d Keg't officers, one of the forty-one signers
of a petition to Washington, expressing dissatisfaction with recent
methods of promotion in the army. (Washington MSS., Library of
Congress.)

With this reference James Armstrong disappears from the 3d Penna.
Line entirely, and was transferred from it to Lee's Legion. He appears
on the rolls of the 2d Troop of the Legion as Lieutenant, January 1,
1779. His identity with the 3d Reg't officer is established by the
rolls of Lee's Legion, where under the head "State of Penna. against
U. S. for depreciation on pay of the Army," Lieut. James Armstrong's
promotion as Lieutenant is dated back to April 1, 1777, which was the
date of his promotion to that rank in the 3d Penna. Line. Lee's com-
mand did not come into existence until April-May, 1778. (The above
records are in the War Dep't at Washington). James Armstrong's
promotion to Captain took place sometime between January 26, 1780,
when Lee applied to Pennsylvania for clothing for Lieutenant Arm-
strong, (Penna. Col. Records, xii, 235), and Nov. 7, 1780, when Lee
again made similar application for Capt. James Armstrong, (Penna.
Arch., vol. 8, p. 599). (A roll of the 3d Penna. Line, containing the
name Lt. James Armstrong, in Penna. Archives, 2d series, vol. 15, is
incorrectly dated 1780, for none of the officers named therein are given
the promotions which many of them had as early as 1778 and 1779.
Heitman, giving the dates that belonged to Lee's officer, erroneously
assigns James Armstrong to Pulaski's Legion and later to Armand's
Legion, with which Pulaski's was merged, the obvious mistake arising

484 Notes and Queries.

no doubt from his assuming that the Second was Pulaski's Legion, when
in reality it was Lee's).

In 1783 Capt. James Armstrong joined the Penna. Society of the
Cincinnati, and signed two lists of the members, once as ' ' James
Armstrong Cap1 2nd P(artisan) Legion," (Lee's being the 2d Legion),
and the other time as "James Armstrong Cap* Lee's Legion." The
two original signatures are identical. I am inclined to think that sub-
sequent to his joining the Cincinnati he received the rank of Major (by
brevet), but this is only speculation. The 500 acres of Donation Lands
(in Donation district No. 8, Crawford and Warren Counties ; see map
Penna. Arch., 3d series, vol. 3), to which James Armstrong was entitled
as a Captain from Pennsylvania, he assigned to Charles Julian de
Longchamps, the return of patenting the tract bearing date Sept. 7,
1787. (Penna. Arch., 3d series, vol. 7.) The Chevalier de Long-
champs figured conspicuously in Philadelphia about that time.

After 1783, when James Armstrong was in Philadelphia, it is
difficult to trace him with absolute definiteness.

According to Heitman's Kegister he was the same who, at the time of
threatened war with France, was appointed Major in the 5th U. S.
Infantry, July 12, 1799, and honorably discharged June 15, 1800.
This is probably correct. The officers chosen at the augmentation of
the army in 1799 were for the most part Revolutionary veterans. The
fame of James Armstrong, known as one of the two or three most
celebrated dragoons in the American army in the Revolution, extended
through both armies and was long remembered, as attested by numerous
references in the writings of his contemporaries. Two of the best
accounts of his services are those by Major Alexander Garden in his
" Anecdotes of the Revolutionary War," and by " Light Horse Harry "
Lee himself in his " War in the Southern Department." The latter' s
son, Henry Lee, in his "Campaign of 1781," refers to his father's
version of one of Captain Armstrong's exploits, "which imparts such
high moral interest to the courage of Armstrong, and elevates it from
the bravery of a dragoon to the valour of a knight." Others of Lee's
Pennsylvania officers, as Manning and Irvine, settled in the South after
the war, and in further support of the belief that James Armstrong
settled in Georgia, it may be added that a James Armstrong (called
Major) became a member of the Georgia Society of the Cincinnati as
late as 1787, and that in the first national election of 1789, James
Armstrong of Georgia, whose history is now unknown to the historians
of that state, was one of the ten prominent Americans of the day who
received complimentary votes for Vice-President of the United States.

The career of the Legion officer is thus with little reasonable doubt
carried into Georgia and down to his discharge from the 5th Infantry in
1800, but the date and place of his death are unknown, and we have
only Major Garden's statement, (in his book printed at Charleston,
S. C., 1822), that "ever high in the esteem and affection of his
associates, admired and respected in every society, he lived beloved and
died lamented."

Diligent inquiry has failed to discover anything definite about
Captain James Armstrong's family connections. The remarkable
parallel, however, between his history and the facts regarding John
Armstrong's elder brother James, as given below from John Armstrong's
papers, offers strong presumptive evidence that the two were identical.

Notes and Queries. 485

I submit the record (now printed for the first time) in the hope that
it will call forth absolute proof or denial of the fact.

John Armstrong and James Armstrong (later of the Legion) were
both Lieutenants in the 3d Penna. Line at the same time, but John
continued in the regiment until the close of the war, when he joined the
Cincinnati, and was afterwards made a Captain by brevet. He entered
the regular army in 1783-4 and served in the West until his resignation
in March, 1793, after his appointment as Major of the 1st U. S.
Infantry. A coolness seems to have existed for many years between
him and his brother James, which accounts for an ignorance among his
descendants of even so much knowledge regarding James Armstrong as
is to be inferred from the letter to him here quoted. It is, however,
tradition that he settled in the South (Virginia or Georgia), and a less
reliable tradition says that like his brothers he was an officer in the
Revolution. The following statement outlines the history of this
particular family of Armstrongs, and reveals the grounds for a separation
of the brothers.

Thomas Armstrong, son of John Armstrong of the parish of Donag-
heady, County Tyrone, Ireland, married Jane, daughter of Michael
Hamilton, and emigrating to America (1753-4, shortly before the birth
of his son John), settled at or near Bethlehem, New Jersey. Thence he
removed to Northumberland County, Penna. , where he was a resident
of Mahoning Township, at his death in 1783. In his will, dated Sept.
25, 1783, while naming his daughters Mary Armstrong, Nancy
McAdams, Elizabeth Wilson, and his son Hamilton Armstrong for
small amounts, he leaves the bulk of his estate to " my son John," and
to " my eldest son James," but five shillings. Hence possibly arose the
coolness. He also names "my dear beloved wife Magdalena," whose
marriage to Thomas Armstrong is said to have displeased some of his
children. In a letter of March 29, 1784, to Frederick Antes, one of his
father's executors, John Armstrong says : "My step-mother is entitled
to a living out of the estate — that I wish her as becomes the wife of my
deceased parent."

On the back of a bill drawn against John Armstrong by Samuel
Nicholas, and dated Philadelphia, Nov. 8, 1785, is a note in the hand-
writing of John Armstrong stating that Major Nicholas has received on
this account £3-0-0 from Capt. James Armstrong and Six dollars from
Mr. Maxwell "who lives at Lee's."

After the above there is no reference to James Armstrong in the
voluminous papers of his brother for twenty -five years, when, after an
evident silence of many years, James Armstrong wrote to his brother
John on the 22d of April, 1810. The letter and address have un-
fortunately disappeared, but from the rough draft of John's reply, still
found among his papers, it seems that James Armstrong, ignorant of
his brother's affairs, had offered to give him any financial aid he might
need. Extracts from John Armstrong's letter follow.

"COLUMBIA [now part of Cincinnati, Ohio,] June 22d, 1810.
DEAR BROTHER,

Your affectionate letter of the 22 of April was handed me
a few days since. I put it into the hands of your Sister Nancy that her
husband and family might each have the perusal thereof. They beg me
to offer their best wishes for the health and happiness of your family.

486 Notes and Queries.

The old Gentleman is very infirm. ... I am happy to learn your
family are placed in an independent situation. Your friends (in this
quarter all however that are within my reach) are placed above want,
for my own part from my extensive speculations am involved a few
thousand dollars in debt but have wherewith to extricate myself. . . .
in 1807 I was gone to the Missouri country for several months ; in the
years '97 & '98 I spent two summers in the woods without seeing any
white man but those of our parties. Your friend Daniel McCain did
not call on me as you expected. " . . .

It is evident that James Armstrong lived somewhere in the seaboard
states where the conditions of pioneer life were unknown, or his brother
would not have written of them in this way. If he was the Legion
officer his obituary should be found between 1810 and 1822.

Not long after the date of the above letter John Armstrong became a
paralytic and remained so until his death, which occurred while his
children were young.

An old letter of 1843, from a son of John Armstrong, states that,
Thomas Armstrong had children by both his marriages, but gives only
four by the first wife.

Ann Armstrong, born 1750, in Londonderry, Ireland ; died April 11,

1818, at Columbia, Ohio ; married January 30, 1766, at Kingwood,

(New Jersey?), John McAdams, a native of Co. Antrim, Ireland.

James Armstrong, eldest son, born probably in Ireland; living 1810.

John Armstrong, born April 20, 1755, in New Jersey; died Feb. 4,

1816, at "Spring Hill," Clark County, Indiana. Lieutenant and

Captain, 3d Penna. Line Eegiment ; Captain and Major, 1st U. S.

Infantry ; Treasurer of the Northwest Territory, a Judge in Ohio, &c.

He had some dealings in western lands with ll Light Horse Harry " Lee.

Hamilton Armstrong, Captain in 1st U. S, Infantry ; died May 22,

1801, at Fort Wayne, Indiana Territory.

No James Armstrong was taxed in Northumberland County, Penna.,
from 1778 to 1786, although James, John, and Hamilton Armstrong
are on record as each having a warrant for land in the county, all
bearing date July 1, 1784 (Penna. Arch., 3d series.) No evidence
has ever been found that the Legion officer belonged to the distinguished
Armstrong family of Carlisle, Penna., and its branches, although much
genealogical investigation has been carried on with reference to that
line. General John Armstrong had a son Dr. James Armstrong who
served as Surgeon in the Revolution, 1776, but his subsequent history
is well known. There was a prominent man of the name in Northum-
berland County a short time after 1786, who married (1) Eleanor
Pollock, (2) Eleanor Scull, but he was not a military man and is dis-
tinctly known not to have been the Legion officer. John, James and
Thomas are the common names in most of the Armstrong families from
remote times, and have little significance in this connection unless
supported by additional evidence.

John Armstrong of the 3d. Penna. Line, like James Armstrong of
the Legion, was remarkable for his feats of personal bravery, though in
a less conspicuous degree.

I shall be glad to receive information on any of the above points,
either through this magazine, or to my address.

F. C. COCHRAN,

107 East Marshall Street,

Ithaca, New York.

Notes and Queries. 487

STAGE ROUTE BETWEEN PHILADELPHIA AND NEW YOBK, shortened
five miles in 1806. —

Mail and Commercial Stages.

THE Proprietors of the Mail Commercial
Stages, between New-York and Phila-
delphia, would inform the Public, that by an
arrangement made with their former partners,
they have got relieved from carrying the way
mail, always so disagreeable to passengers,
being obliged to wait at each office on the
road for it to be examined, and in conse-
quence of their not being hereafter obliged to
stop at the different Post Offices they will
continue directly on all the Turnpike roads
between the two cities, by which the travel-
ler will have the benefit of a better road as
well as the distance shortened at least 5 miles.
No consideration will induce the proprie-
tors to suffer more than six passengers in the
stage.

They will also on Monday the 1 1 th of
April, commence running a New Line, to
be called the Commercial, with new carriages,
good horses and sober drivers.

THOMAS WARD,
ABEL CLARKSON,
WILLIAM GULIE,
JOS. THOMPSON,
ALLEN ROGERS.

April 8, 1806.

ORMROD'S PLAN OF PHILADELPHIA, 1801. —
A NEW PLAN

City of Philadelphia and its Vicinity \

This day publifhed and for fale by

J. ORMROD, No. 41, Chefnut-ftreet,

Price One Dollar only.

HP HIS new plan, taken from aftual furvey,
* is 25 inches in length and 18 in
breadth, and exhibits an accurate view of
city, points out the boundaries and fituation
of the New Wards, as recently regulated by
lavr, Water Works, and every other modern
improvement, down to the prefent period.

488 Notes and Queries.

Likewife, the Northern and Southern Lib-
erties, in their prefent improved ftate, the
plan of WEST VILLE, a new town laid
out on the Weftern banks of Schuylkill, alfo,
the face of the country, the Roads, Farms
and Gentlemens' Country Seats, included in
a fpace of four miles of the circumjacent
vicinity.

CHESTNUT STREET PROPERTY FOR SALE, 1814. —
FOR SALE,

'"THE Subscriber's House, No. 266 Ches- «,

nut street. The lot is 20 feet wide
and 235 feet deep to George street, on which
street it has a front of 21 feet 8 inches — a
few feet north of George street, the lot widens
to 27 feet 8 inches, on which are erefted a
Brick Compting House and Stable and Coach
House, &c. The Lot has also the privilege
of a four feet alley leading into Tenth street.

Thos. Cadwalader.

feb i, 1814.

MERCHANTS OF PHILADELPHIA REMOVE THEIR GOODS TO GERMAN-
TOWN DURING THE YELLOW FEVER EPIDEMIC OF 1798. —

MERCHANTS

Removed to Germantown.

THE fubfcribers have removed their goods
from Philadelphia to this place, where they
have for fale their ufual general aflbrtments,
and expecl: further fupplies by the fall vefTels.

Germantown is conveniently fituated to the
navigation of Delaware, being not more than
5 miles from the tide-water of Frankford
Creek. Letters addrefTed as ufual to Phila-
delphia, will be duly received.

BAKER & COMEGYS, bet. 6 & 7 mile ftonei.
THOMAS W. ARMAT, Do.

HARVEY & WORTH, Do.

BENJAMIN BAILEY, Do.

RICHARD BAILY, Do.

WILLIAM FROMBERGER, Do. (oppofite
the Market houfe. )

HENRY MANLY, (fhoe merchant) near the

6 mile ft one.

JAMES STOKES, Do.

PHILIP DETTO, Do.

SETH CRAIG, (faddler) is alfo near 7 mile ft.

Germantown, Sept. 21, 1798.

Notes and Queries. 489

NOTICE OF MILITARY PARADE JULY 4, 1801. —
GENERAL ORDERS.

PHILADELPHIA, June 30, 1801.

' I ''HE officers compofmg the first divifion
of militia belonging to the city and
diftrifts of Philadelphia, and not immediately
attached to the Legionary corps commanded
by brigadier general John Shee, are hereby
requefted to be and appear in compleat mili-
tary uniform with fide arms, at the ftate
houfe, 10 o'clock A. M. July the 4th enfu-
ing, in order to celebrate the ever memorable
4th of July, 1776, as the birth right day to
the Independence of the United States of
America, againft all the intrufions of all its
foreign and domeftic enemies, wherefoever
*aflembled. At the hour of eleven o'clock,
the whole of the military (then prefent) will
form in the fquare of the ftate houfe yard,
taking relative rank of promotion from the
right to the left of the line — And at the hour
of 1 2 o' clock the line of march will proceed
down Chefnut-ftreet to 4th ftreet, thence
down 4th ftreet to Lombard ftreet and 3d
ftreet, where the commander in chief of the
ftate, governor Thomas M'Kean, will at his
manfion receive the marching falute from the
line at large, in honor of the day — From the
Governors, will proceed up Third ftreet to
Market-ftreet, thence to Seventh ftreet and
the State-houfe yard — then the line will be
difmified and the officers will return to their
refpective place of entertainment of the day.
THOMAS PROCTOR, Maj. Gen.

i ft divifion militia, &c.
Signed by order,
WILLIAM SERJEANT, I ft aid de camp.

CLOWES FAMILY RECORD. — From original, now in possession of M™.

Watson, of Milford, Delaware, and said to have been copied from

the diary of the Rev. William Beckett.

[In the Episcopal burying-ground of Jamaica is the grave of Samuel
Clowes, the first lawyer settled upon Long Island, who died 27 August,
1760 ; that of his wife Catherine Donne, who died 7 August, 1740, and
that of his son, Samuel, a lawyer also, who died 19 May, 1759.
Thompson's History of Long Island says of him, that he was born at
Derbyshire, England, March 16, 1674, and was instructed in mathematics

490 Notes and Queries.

by Flamstead, for whose use the Greenwich Observatory waa erected ;
that he came to New York in 1697, accompanied Lord Cornbury to
Jamaica in 1702, and was forthwith appointed clerk of the county,
which he held until 1710, when his professional business compelled him
to resign it. If his will, printed in the Collections of the New York
Historical Society, Volume XXIX, pp. 423-4, be correctly transcribed,
he was born in 1664, as at the making thereof, 24 July, 1750, and
" written with my own hand," he begins with, "I, Samuel Clowes, of
Jamaica, in Queens County, Gent., being now 85 years and 5 months
old, and infirm of body, but Praised be God, of sound mind." His
son, Samuel Clowes, Junr., was for many years Surrogate of Queens
County, his son, Peter Clowes, was a physician in practice in Broadkill
Hundred, Sussex County, Delaware, before 1735, and was elected high-
sheriff of that county in 1748, and his son, John Clowes, to whose
family this record appertains, was commissioned Justice of the Peace of
Sussex County in 1752.]

Samuel Clowes the oldest on this record was born in 1684, and died
in 1760, being seventy-six years old. He was buried at Jamaica, where
his tomb still stands. He was alternately a Lawyer and Judge. His
wife's name was Catherine. They left six sons. Peter, their first, left
no children who settled in Lewestown, Delaware. John their son left
sons. Caleb the third son left no children. Joseph no children.
Samuel, their fifth son, left no children. Gerardus, their sixth son left
three sons, whose names are Samuel, Timothy and John Clowes, all of
these lived on Long Island, at Hampstead, and at the City of New York.
Many of the above-named persons' descendants were still living in 1823,
in those places ; a few of [whose] names we will give here : Thomas,
Samuel, Isaac, Gerardus, John, Joseph, Benjamin, Timothy, Theodore,
Edward, Charles and William.

John Clowes, second son of the aforesaid Samuel Clowes, settled in
the State of Delaware, anno domini 1727, August the twenty-fifth, at
five o'clock. John Clowes was married to Mary, his wife, at Lewes
Town, in the County of Sussex in Delaware, by the Rev. William
Beckett, missionary from the Society for propagating the gospel.

On 1728, June 28th, at four o'clock in the morning, was born William
Clowes, eldest son of the said John and Mary his wife, was born at
Broadkill in the County of Sussex, and was Christened by the above
Becket, privately at Lewestown on the 28th August, Mr Becket,
Jonathan Bayley, Jane and Mr* Becket his sponsors.

1730, November 5th, at eleven in the morning, John Clowes their
second son was born at Lewistown, and there Christened by the same
Mr Beckett, on the 11th of December following. His Sponsors were:
Mr Ryves Holt, John Welbor and Mri Holt.

1732, August 28th at one o'clock in the morning, their first daughter,
Aletta Clowes was born at Lewes, and on the 5th September was
Christened by the said Mr Becket privately, being very sick and on the
sixth inst died at eight o'clock in the morning, and was buried in the
Churchyard at Lewestown.

1733, September 16th, at five o'clock in the morning, David Clowes,
the third son was born at Lewistown and christened there by Mr Becket,
28 April, 1734 ; his sponsors Mr Kives Holt, Mr Peter Clowes and Mr§
Comfort Clowes.

1736, July 9th, at nine in the morning, Catherine Clowes, their

Notes and Queries. 491

second daughter was born at Lewistown and there christened by the
said Mr Becket the fifth of September following. Her sponsors were
Daniel Nunez, Mri Mary Nunez and Mri Eliza Price

1737, December 31st at six in the morning, their fourth son, Samuel
Clowes was born at Lewestown and there christened on the 5 March
following. His sponsors were Simon Kollock, Edward Naws and Mrt
Comfort Kollock. He lived until 19th March, 1758 and was buried at
Broadkill in the bury ing-ground of his mother's relations, lamented by
his relations

1739, February 7th at five in the morning, their third daughter Mary
Clowes was born at Lewes and there christened by Mr Beckett on 27th of
April following. Her sponsors were Cornelius Wiltbank, Margaret
Kollock and M" Hester Phillips.

1742, May 19th, at seven in the evening, the fourth daughter, Lydia
Clowes was born at Lewestown, and there christened by Mr Beckett, on
the first of August, following. Her sponsors were Byves Holt, M"
Catherine Holt and Mri Nunez.

1747, March 12th at ten o'clock in the morning the fifth son, Gerardus
Clowes was born at Parkton, on the Broadkill, Sussex County, and was
Christened b^ the Rev. Mr Usher, Missionary at Lewestown on the
eighteenth of September following. His sponsors were the said Mr
Usher, Mr Daniel Nunez and his own mother.

1766, October 26th, the eldest son William departed this life ot
pleurisy, and was interred at Eliza Staton's at Broadkill, where his
former wife was buried, his four children: First was Catherine.
Second was Mary. Third, Lydia born 15 November, 1762. Fourth,
John, born 18 March, 1765. In 1763, March 14th, the fifth son
Gerardus Clowes perished to death in a most violent storm of snow on
Accoqunamen Beach, being drove in a vessel there, and was decently
buried there, in an old Burying Ground much lamented by all hia
Friends.

1769, April 24th, at twelve o'clock in the day, John Clowes Esqr.,
second son of the aforesaid Samuel Clowes departed this life on the
ninth day of pleurisy aged sixty-six years and nine days. The corpse
was laid in an open grave on the 27th inst, and on the fifth of June was
interred in a new vault, built at his request at Heaveloes Landing. Mr
Andrews preached his Funeral [Sermon] .

1770, February 5th, at eleven o'clock at night, Mary Clowes widow
of the above John Clowes departed this life on the eighth day of her
illness, with pleurisy aged about sixty-three years, and on the eighth
instant was enterred in the aforesaid Vault. Mr Lyons Preached her
Funeral Sermon.

1770, May 25th, at nine o'clock in the morning David Clowes departed
this life of a disorder that had continued nearly four years, and on the
27th instant was interred in the aforesaid vault. Mr Lyon Preached his
Funeral Sermon. He left but one Child, a daughter. She was born at
Nanticoke on the 22nd day of April, 1767, and called Hannah Clowes.
[She died] 1783, December 9th at twelve o'clock at night. Died of
quinsey and was interred in the above Vault.

1781, November 25th on Sunday, at three o'clock in the morning
Lydia Clowes, fourth daughter of John and Mary Clowes and wife of
Lott Clark, departed this life of nervous fever, and on the 27th her
remains were laid in the vault, and on the 4th December, Mr Tillney

492 Notes and Queries.

preached her funeral sermon. She left six children three by her first

and three by her last husband, viz : Shephard Conwell, born 23 July,

1765. Gerardus Conwell, born 12 November, 1767. John Conwell,

born 29 January, 1770.

Milicent Clark, born 29 September, 1776

Anna Clark, born 27 April, 1778

Charlotte Clark, born 12 February, 1780.

1790, February 24th, at five o'clock in the morning, on Wednesday,
John Clowes Esqr, judge of the Court, died the ninth day of his sickness
with a violent pleurisy and inflamation of the Lungs, aged 59 years,
3 months and 18 days and was buried at the south-side of the Vault.
Mr Wilson preached his funeral sermon. He objected to being laid in
the Vault. He left his beloved wife and three children out of ten. He
was a son of the above mentioned John Clowes, who died in 1769 and
grandson of the aforesaid Samuel Clowes who died in 1760.

Catherine Clowes, second daughter of John and Mary, born July 9th
at nine in the morning, 1736 and now the widow of John Young has
but one child living, viz : John, born on the 28th February, 1772.
Mary Clowes, the third daughter of John and Mary Clowes, born
February 7th at five o'clock, now the wife of John Sheldren Dorman
has four children, viz three sons and one daughter :
Gerardus Dorman, born 23rd August, 1772
Nehemiah Dorman, 31 July, 1774
Elizabeth Dorman, born 29 July, 1776
John Dorman, 22 May, 1779.

Mary Dorman, wife of John Sheldren Dorman, departed this life
about three o'clock on Tuesday morning, 18 January, 1791

1758, September 7th, John Clowes Junr was married to Mary Draper,
by the Kev. Mathias Harris at John Spencer Esqr's, her step-father, in
the afternoon of the above. Mary Draper, daughter of Isaac and Sarah
Draper was born the 10th day of November in the year 1739. The
above Sarah Draper after the death of Isaac Spencer married the above
said John Spencer. Her maiden name was Hines.

1759, August 17th, on Friday, was born Sarah Clowes, between
12 and one o'clock, daughter of John and Mary baptized on Monday
privately by the Rev. Mathias Harris ; and on Thursday, the first day
of January 1767 at two o'clock in the afternoon was seized with a
choking-fitt which ended her life in 9 or 10 hours. She was buried at
John Heaveloe's Landing.

1762 March 22nd, on Monday, between one and two o'clock in the
afternoon was born Samuel Clowes, son of John and Mary Clowes,
baptized on Saturday following by the Eev. Mathias Harris at
Pilott-town.

1764, on Sunday the 7th of October at two o'clock in the afternoon,
was born John Clowes, son of John and Mary Clowes was baptized on
Sunday, 29 September, 1765, at St Georges Chappell by the Eev.
Mathias Harris, and on Sunday 21 September, 1766, departed this life
at half past four in the afternoon with a flux of four days continuance.

1767 on Tuesday, the seventh of April at half past nine in the morn-
ing was born Aletta Clowes, daughter of John and Mary Clowes, and
was baptized the 13th of May at home by the Rev. Mathias Harris. —
Note. He baptized eighty-five children here this day, forty-six girls and
thirty-nine boys.

Notes and Queries. 493

1769, on Monday, the 12th of June, at half after eight in the morn-
ing, Sarah Clowes was born, daughter of John and Mary Clowes, and
on Monday, the 18th September, following was baptized by the Rev.
John Andrews.

1771, on Tuesday, 16 July, at eight in the morning was born John
Clowes, son of John and Mnry Clowes, and on Monday, the 5th August
following was baptized by the Rev John Lyons, and on the 7th inst his
body was interred in the vault at Haveloes Landing

1780, November 21st the first son Samuel was lost in the Delaware
Bay, in a violent storm of wind together with all the others on the
vessel. We heard on the 3rd June following that he was buried on the
Murderkill Beach, and on digging down to the body believed it to
be his.

1772, on Thursday the 20th August, at half after three in the after-
noon, was born Isaac Clowes, son of John and Mary Clowes, and wa§
baptized by the Reverend John Lyons, the 28th November following.

1775, on Thursday, the 2nd day of February, at twelve o'clock, was
born Peter Clowes, son of John and Mary Clowes, and on the 22 May
following he was baptized by the Rev. Samuel Tingle. He was a pious
and good many and a Doctor of Medicine. He lived thirty-one years
and seven months and died of a billious fever leaving one son Ezekiel
William Clowes

1777, on Friday, the 12th of September, at one o'clock in the morning,
was born John Clowes, son of John and Mary, and was baptized by the
Rev. Samuel Tinley on Saturday, 28th November, in 1778, at our own
house. The reason why the Baptism was delayed, it was the time that
Toryism prevailed. It was dangerous to go to Church and the Parson
seldomed called on us then.

1780, on Friday, the 17th of May was born at 11 o'clock in the morn-
ing, was born Mary Clowes, daughter of John and Mary, and was
baptized by the Rev. Samuel Tinley, on Saturday, 26th August, at our
house, myself from home, and on July 17th, 1781, she was taken with
the diorea which continued with her till the 3rd of September, when she
died, and on the 4th her remains were laid in the Vault.

1784, January 27th. our third son John departed this life of trial and
Probation at twelve o'clock of a malignant quinsey, or the Putrid Sore
Throat of only three days continuance on the 29th. We laid his remains
in the Vault.

1789, December 9th, the second daughter, Sarah, wife of John Clarke,
died on the fourth day of her sickness on Wednesday, at ten o'clock in
the morning with a violent head-pleuriser or inflamation of the Brain.
On the 11th we laid her in the ground at the south-end of the Vault.
Mr Wilson preached her funeral sermon on the 14th. She was aged
twenty years and six months lacking three days. She left one daughter,
born October the 4th, 1787, by the name of Joanna Clark, married
Martin Duwaeli in 1809, and the said Sarah Clark left one son by the
name of John Clark, born the 6th day of December 1789 and departed
this life in January, 1812.

TUCKER'S POTTERY, PHILADELPHIA. — The following extracts from
a letter of Thomas Tucker to the Secretary of The Historical Society of
Pennsylvania, dated May 13th, 1868, are interesting, as they give data
relating to the first manufacture of porcelain in the United States :

494 Notes and Queries.

"William Ellis Tucker, my brother, was the first to make Porcelain in
the United States. My father, Benjamin Tucker, had a china store on
Market Street, in the city of Philadelphia, in the year 1816. He built
a kiln for William, in the yard back of the Store, when he painted in
the white china, and burnt it on in the Kiln, which gave him a taste for
that kind of Work. After that, he commenced experimenting with
different kinds of clays, to see if he could not make the Ware. He suc-
ceeded in making a very good opaque ware, called Queens Ware, and then
commenced experimenting with Feld Spar and Kaolin to make Porce-
lain. After much labor he succeeded in making a few small articles of
very good Porcelain ; and then secured the Old Water Works, at the
N.W. corner of Schuylkill Front, and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia,
where he erected a large Glazing Kiln, Enamelling Kiln, Mills, &c. He
burnt Kiln after Kiln, with very poor success ; the Glazing would crack,
and the body would blister, and besides we discovered that we had a
man who placed the Ware in the Kiln who was employed by some inter-
ested parties in England to impede our success. Most of the handles
were found in the bottom of the Saggars, [articles made of fire-clay to
place the china in when it is being burnt] after the Kiln was burnt.
We could not account for it, until a deaf and dumb man, whom we had
in our employ, detected him run his knife around each handle as he
placed them in the Kiln. At another time, every piece of china had
to be broken before it could be taken out of the Saggars. We always
washed the round o's, the article on which the china was placed in the
Kiln, with Silix, but this man had washed them with Feld Spar, which
of course melted, and fastened every article to the bottom. William
discharged him, and we got over that difficulty. In the year 1 827 he
received a silver medal from the Franklin Institute of Pennsylvania, and
in 1831 one from the Institute of New York. In 1828, I commenced
to learn the different branches of the business. On the 22nd of August
1832, my brother William died. Sometime before he connected him-
self with the late Judge Hemphill, and they purchased the Property at
the S.W. corner of Schuylkill Sixth and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia,
where they built a large Factory and Store house, which they filled
with Porcelain. After the death of my brother, Judge Hemphill and
myself continued the making of Porcelain for some years, until he sold
out his interest to a company of eastern Gentlemen, but being unfortu-
nate in their other operations, they were not able to give the Porcelain
any attention. In the year 1837, I undertook to carry it on alone, and
did so for about one year, making a large quantity of very fine Porce-
lain, many pieces of which I still have ; the gilding and painting are as
perfect as when first done."

LETTER OF JOHN ALSOP TO THOMAS WHARTON OF PHILADEL-
PHIA.—

ELIZA TOWN, 19 Sep* 1776.
MY DEAR FRIEND

I have just room in the Corner barr room to set down and write you
a few lines. Gen11 Prescott & McDonnell [McDougall] are both quar-
ter'd at this house with the guards &c. which Crowd it much.

As you will Doubtless ere this comes to hand have heard the particu-
lars of the battle on Monday last near Bloomandale [Harlem Heights] .
I shall Omit decending into them, and only give you Joy with the Sue-

Notes and Queries. 495

cess of the Americans, who kept the field, killed & wounded 300. We
had only 52 killed & wounded — Gen. Putnam Commanded.

I cannot hear one word about my family since I left you, so that from
the ace* F. Lewis gave me, I shall conclude they are gone to Middletown,
in Connecticut, to which place I intend going and when you'll favor me
with a line please to direct to me there.

As the firment of the times run high I dont find any person this way
that incline either to buy or sell Land, or anything else except daily
necessarys, so that have no expectation of doing anything for you or Mr.
Pleasant, that way, of which you'll please to acquaint him. I propose to
send James over at Dobbs to inquire which way my family are gone,
and shall stay at my friend J. Fells, untill he returns, when I may Steer
my Course direct for 'em.

My thankful respects wait upon your good lady & daughters, and
believe to be with my esteem

Dr Sr Yr Very hble Serrt

JOHN ALSOP.

LETTER OP REV. FRANCIS ALISON, 1776. —

• PHILADA.; October y« 16* 1776.

DEAR BENJ*

As I understand that Your Battalion will have served their time of
Enlistment against ye first Oi 9ber, & that Battalion will be no more, till
new Commissions are granted ; I have procured you a surgeons place, in
ye }2th Battalion, now to be formed, of which Colonel Cook, your old
friend, is Colonel ; a man in Northampton County ye Lieutenant Colonel,
& one Crawford in northumberland County is yc Major, young Harris is
a Captain, & yr [torn] Millar y1 you recommended to me, is a Captain,
& Robert King is a second Lieutenant. I thought that as yr Interest and
Connections lie in that part of ye world it would suit you best to belong
to this Regiment and for this reason got you appointed, and your Com-
mission I am promised in two or three days, when the throng is over ; for
I was told yl above 50 applied to be made Captains & 20 Lieutenants in
this New Battalion. If you have any objections to what I have done
write me, but all new commissions for yr Battalion must Issue from our
Committee of Safety, & the choice I have made seems to me to be most
for yr advantage. After I had procured a grant for you, I this day ap-
plied for a first Lieutenancy for Cozen Robert, which I hope to obtain ;
this I did because I thought y* it would grieve him to part with you.
but I spoke to President Hancock, who desired me to apply to ye Counsil
of Safety for a captains commission for him, & he ofierd to write to Gen-
eral Gates in his favor and to another commanding officer. Commis-
sions I think he told me will be sent from ye Counsil of Safety & Con-
gress, with ye officers names, which they Recommend, to be inserted with
y* approbation of the General. The pay of Colonels, Captains Lieuten-
ants &c is advanced very considerably, by a late act, which I write, that
Robert may avail himself of it, possibly in one months pay, & it may
encourage him to accept of ye first Lieutenancy in ye 12th or New Bat-
talion for this Province, where you are, rather than stay a Cap1 among
strangers, especially as I find he is determined to see Philadelphia & his
friends. I blame you, because you did not write me by y* express y*
first of this month by whom I had a letter from Robert. I am puzzled
how to serve him, but will know better to morrow, poaaibly before y* ex-

496 Notes and Queries.

press goes off. I shall desire President Hancock (under whose cover
this goes) to write to ye General in his favor ; it can do him no hurt,
even tho he be not recommended, as a Cap1 by ye Counsil of Safety. I
add no more but hearty prayers for your salvation & welfare & I am
yours sincerely

FRA. ALISON.

P. S. Yesterday I laid in, to ye committee of Safety, a petition signed
by some of the officers of ye 12th Battalion, & myself, in favor of Cozen
Robert Alison ; but ye number of earlier applications strongly supported,
was so great, y1 1 did not get my request, besides they are not willing to
encourage any officers to leave yc first Battalion, but would rather en-
courage all yl will stay by advancing ym where it can be done con-
sistent with ye customs of ye army. I have gotten President Hancock
to write to General Gates in his favor ; & if he or any field officers will
certifie for his good behavior, or will recomend him, I doubt not to get
him a Captains commission, either in ye battalion where he now is ; or
in a new Battalion soon to be raised, under a Virginia colonel of great
reputation, named as I think Hampton or Hampstead. I am sorry that
he cannot be with you, your commission will be filled immediately, as I
was told today ; let him choose where he would serve, & let him write
me without delay, & T will do all I can for his advantage. A certificate
from Dehaes or Irvine or his major would serve him, if he can procure
them, or from any other field officers, let him write without delay. I
shall be glad to see either you or him when you come, let me hear how
you approve this last appointment for yr self in ye 12th Batalion

F. ALISON

LETTER OF COL. FRANCIS JOHNSTON TO GENERAL WAYNE. —

PHILADA. Octr. 31. 1780.

DR. GENERAL.

This day the Honble House are to meet before whom we shall imme-
diately introduce our Business — From the complexion of this House &
from the particular situation of our Affairs, I shall not rely too much on
these excitements, as I am well aware that numerous inducements have
repeatedly been offered to those in power urging them to attend to & re-
lieve the Distresses of the Army which neverthless have been unpro-
ductive of the Effects wished for.

In testimony of this, pray what salutary consequences have flowed
from the Representation of the General Officers to Congress ? Nothing

but a chagrining Declaration that C s were sensible of the sufferings

of the Army, so they were likewise of the Distresses of those in civil
Authority — and concluded with a recommendation to the former to
exercise Perseverance, fortitude & economy as their chief Supports.

These Supports My Dr. General we have ever had since the Year 76,
and I make no doubt but they are still within our reach, however, as I
have already hinted I trust the present House will furnish us with addi-
tional Supports.

By the earliest opportunity I shall transmit you a Copy of our Memo-
rial to the present House & give you an Account of our future expecta-
tions.

Pray in what manner is the proposed reduction of our Line to take
place ? for tho' it has been hinted to us that only Six Regiments are to

Notes and Queries. 497

be continued, yet we really as yet know nothing about the matter. This
Plan at so unseasonable a Period, appears to me big with evil Conse-
quences— can it not be eluded ?

However, not being fully acquainted with it, I shall therefore suspend
my Judgment respecting its propriety — I can only say that if a single
Officer is left out on Terms injurious either to his Honor or Interest I
shall not hesitate to quit so ungrateful and so vile a service — and indeed,
for my own part, I shall be necessitated to convert my Truncheon into a
Quill in order to support myself & family, unless Im anabled to live on
a more gentlemanly footing in the Army.

Yesterday Morning I waited on the Governor, he having returned
from a Tour in the Country — -at his house I fortunately met with Baron
Steuben who was warmly engaged in supporting the Claims of the Army
& declaiming against the infamous policy of our Country — he observed
with the firmness and austerity of a Veteran that our whole Army would
dissolve by the first of Jany. next, unless Specie could be obtained to
pay them some part of their arrearages — that this could be done, he
proved beyond a doubt, nay he himself offered to procure a sufficient
Sum for that purpose from the French General, on condition the States
would only supply the Army of our Ally with Provisions adequate to the
amount of that Sum, which can easily be done by assessing Produce
instead of Money upon the Inhabitants in payment of their Taxes.

This system he has thundered in the Ears of Congress, nay he has
really frightened them so much, that I am certain with the timely aid
of the Army it may be affected —

The Baron in confidence has desired me to acquaint you with these
things & hopes if they should meet your approbation, that you will im-
mediately write on this Subject to your friends in as well as out of the
Cabinet — believe me Sir now is the time to use your influence, and this
the time to save your Country from impending Ruin.

The British have arrived at Portsmouth in Virginia, this however I
suppose you have heard — Inclosed I send you a small Handbill respect-
ing Mr. Jas. Mease, pray what think you of the Virtue of the times ?

Mrs. Wayne & your Children are all well. She is just gone out of
town, to your Seat & is very desirous of hearing from you.

I am Dr. General with every
Sentiment of Respect
Yours sincerely

F. JOHNSTON.

BIRTH OF THE DAUPHIN OF FRANCE ANNOUNCED TO CONGRESS,
1782. — Among the gifts recently received by The Historical Society of
Pennsylvania is a collection of books and manuscripts from the library
of the late Louis E. French, Esq. One of the latter, in the handwriting
and bearing the signature of Charles Thomson, Secretary of Congress,
is a report of the ceremonies attending the official notification to Con-
gress of the birth of a Dauphin of France, which was suppressed, and
does not appear on the printed Journal of May 13, 1782.

MONDAY May 13, 1782

This day having been assigned for giving the Minister of France a

public audience, in order that he might deliver to the United States in

Congress assembled a letter which he had rec'd from his most Christian

Majesty to them announcing the birth of a Dauphin. The Minister

VOL. xxix. — 32

498 Notes and Queries.

came in his own coach to the State house, being escorted by the city-
troop of light horse. At the State house he was rec'd with military
honors, and being met at the foot of the steps by two members deputed
for the purpose he was by them introduced to his seat.

The house was arranged in the following order — The President in a
chair on a platform raised two steps from the floor with a large table
before him. The members of Congress in chairs on the floor to his
right and left with small tables before them. The tables were all covered
with green cloth. On the left of the chair sat 1, delegates from Massa-
chusetts, 2. Khode Island, 3. Connecticut, 4. New York, 5. New Jersey.
On his right sat 1 Georgia, 2 S. Carolina, 3 Virginia, 4 Maryland,
5 Delaware, 6 Pennsylvania. The whole in a semi-circle. New Hamp-
shire and North Carolina were not represented.

Next to the Members of Congress on the left of the chair stood the
principals of the three executive departments namely the Super-
intendant of finance the Secry at War and the See17 for foreign affairs.

The Secretary of the United States in Congress assembled stood on
the right of the president on the first step of the platform. At his right
on the floor stood the interpreter behind the chairs of the Members.

The president and council of the State of Pennsylvania stood within
the bar on the right as they entered and facing the president.

The rest of the audience stood without the bar. The doors were
opened. Gentries were placed at the inner door & none except the
minister & suite were admitted without a ticket which was signed by
the Secry of Congress who furnished each of the members with two, the
Super, finance with as many as were wanted for the officers in his
department, the Secry at war for those in his department & for such of
the general officers of the army as were in town & the Secry for foreign
affairs with those wanted for foreigners of distinction whom he might
think proper to be admitted. The President of Congress was furnished
with a number to distribute among citizens. The whole number pre-
pared was 200.

The Minister was conducted into the Congress Hall by the two
members who had received him at the foot of the steps of the outward
door. As he entered the bar the president and the house rose, the
president being covered. The Minister as he advanced to his chair
botfed to the president who took off his hat and returned the bow. The
Minister being uncovered. The Minister then bowed to the members,
on each side of the chair, who were standing uncovered but did not
return the bow. The Minister then sat down & put on his Hat. A
chair was prepared for him on the floor directly opposite to the
president and before it a table covered with green cloth. On each side
of his chair was placed a chair for the members who introduced him.
He who was first named of the two took the chair on the right & the
other that on the left. The president the members & the Minister all
took their seats at the same time. The Secretary of the embassy stood
on the left of the chair of the member at the Minister's left.

After about a pause of a minute the Minister arose and taking off his
hat addressed the United States in Congress assembled in a short speech
delivered in french. The house sat while he delivered his speech.
The president only being covered. Having finished his speech he sat
down. And the Secry of the Embassy coming forward delivered the
letter from his most Christian Majesty to the Sec1* of Congress wko

Notes and Queries. 499

advanced to the end of the platform to meet him & having received it
carried it back & delivered it to the president who opened it and
delivered it again to the Sec17 who causing the interpreter to advance to
the first step of the platform gave it to him open & he read it in the
original to the audience. The Secry then on the platform read a trans-
lation of it & returned the letter to the president. Whereupon the
president, the Members and the Minister rose the President being
covered, but the Members & the Minister uncovered ; and the
president on behalf of the United States addressed the Minister in a
short speech after which they all sat down and after a short pause the
Minister rose, whereupon the president and the members rose. The
Minister then bowed to the president and the members and withdrew,
the members who introduced him reconducting him to the foot of the
steps at the outward door.

At the end of the report the Secretary writes : " A report drawn up
by the Secretary and shown to the president and some members who
thought it too minute (on the present occasion) to trouble Congress for
an order to insert it on the minutes, it was therefore suppressed.

" Cha Thomson Sec1*"

At Newburgh, on the Hudson, May 28, the birth of the Dauphin
was announced to the army in General Orders, and three days later
Washington gave a dinner, at which thirteen toasts were drunk, an
exhibition of fireworks and a ball closed the festivities. The Minister
of France, who occupied the house of John Dickinson, on Chestnut
Street, on July 15, celebrated the event with a concert, fireworks and a
ball, at which General Washington and Count Rochambeau were
present.

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN SIR HENRY CLINTON AND GENERAL
FREDERICK HALDIMAND, RELATIVE TO GENERAL ARNOLD, FROM
PAPERS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. —

[The statement has been made frequently, that Arnold violated the
confidence which had been reposed in him by persons residing within
the British lines, while he was in the service of Congress. The follow-
ing letters and extracts bear on this subject.]

Governor- General Haldimand to Sir Henry Clinton.

November 16, 1780.

"SiR : An idea has struck me, which if improved I think may be
highly advantageous to the King's service in this Province in which I
have to request your Excellency's assistance. General Arnold having
been frequently in the Province upon business before the breaking out
of the rebellion, had an opportunity of being intimately known to and
forming connections with the inhabitants both French and English
particularly at Montreal. In his military capacity he distinguished
himself at the siege of this place and in other parts of the province by
which he acquired the perfect confidence of the disaffected inhabitants
and of course took the advantage of retaining them as emissaries in
the Rebel interest. I have suspected many persons to be concerned in
this business which has been a continual source of inconvenience and
disappointments to the service, but by the art of secrecy of those era-

600 Notes and Queries.

ployed and many of them being under the influence of religion, all my
efforts to discover them have been ineffectual and tho I have confined
some upon well founded suspicion yet I cannot obtain proofs sufficient to
justify my making an example. Before the French alliance, I suspected
the Jesuits and some few of the clergy — since, I am confident that the
greatest part of them have entered warmly into the interest of the
Americans, and it is much to be feared find means to correspond with
the Enemy. There is at present in costody a Mr. Charles Hay (brother
to Mr. Hay, Quarter Master General in the Rebel service), Monsieur du
Calvet & a Monsieur Careau against whom there are strong presumptive
proofs. Mr. Arnold must from his Intimacy with the former have a
knowledge of his Brother's transactions in favour of the enemy and from
the resentment he has discovered at the fate of Major Andre of which
he was the innocent cause, as well as the change of his political ideas
manifested in his address to the public, I should think, he will not hesi-
tate candidly to give your Excellency every information in his power by
which a discovery may be made and a stop be put to the intercourse
which certainly sustains between this province and the principals of the
Rebellion. If General Arnold should have removed from New York, I
entreat your Excellency will nevertheless transact this business with
him, the result of which I shall wait for with the utmost impatience.

' ' I have the honor to be

"FRED HALDIMAND.

"To
"SiR HENRY CLINTON ".

Extract from a letter from General Haldimand to Sir Henry Clinton,

Quebec, 7, Feb., 1781.

"I hope you received my letter of November 16th, by Ensign Drum-
mond. I requested your endeavours to procure from Mr. Arnold some
information of the disaffected subjects in this province, his private and
public transactions here could not fail to give him a perfect knowledge
of them. He may depend upon my not making use of his name but as
he shall permit. I have presumptive proofs against some of them but
none which would justify making an example nor am I able to procure
such with every effort in my power to make " .

Extract. — Sir Henry Clinton to General Haldimand, 8th, May. 1781.

" I received yours of the 7th February, but the letters you mentioned
having sent me by Ensign Drummond of the 16th, November have not
reached me, nor has that gentleman made his appearance here".

Extract. — General Haldimand to Sir Henry Clinton, June, 6, 1781.
1 ' Ensign Drummond went on board a vessel which came here to a
Mr. Pagan, who has always been suspected of favouring the rebels. His
ships from thence have always been taken. I permitted the last sail
upon condition that my despatches addressed to General Robertson
should be safely delivered, so if, I requested she might be allowed to
return in the Spring, which I now earnestly recall. I sent duplicates
by Ensign Prentice of the 84th Regiment who sailed at the same time
on another small vessel. They had the strongest injunctions to throw
overboard the despatches in case of necessity, which I make no doubt

Notes and Queries. 501

they observed. One of my letters was to request you would procure
from Arnold some information of the disaffected persons in this Province
of whom he must have a thorough knowledge. It would be of infinite
use, as the secrecy of the Jesuits baffles all my endeavours to discover
them".

Extract. — Sir Henry Clinton to General Haldimand.

NKWYOBK, July ,23, 1781.

"Those letters in cypher you mentioned as having been sent by En-
signs Drummond and Prentice have never reached me, nor have I heard
of those gentlemen being taken. I am therefore apprehensive that
some worse misfortune may have befallen them".

Memorandum, New York, July, 26, 1781. (In General Arnold's hand-
writing.)

'• Lieut. General de Keidesel will be so good as to acquaint General
Haldimand that General Arnold having had all his papers taken can
only remember one suspected person in Canada — a Jesuit at Montreal,
whose name is Pierre and the only one of that sect there. He is a
very sensible skrewd man."

Extract. — General James Robertson to General Haldimand. (Received

May 14, 1782, by General Haldimand at Quebec.)

October. 31. 1781 New York.

" General Arnold says Pire Floquet is an inveterate enemy. Jacob
Rove no better and indeed the gross of the Boston leaders little better.
He had no friendly aids from any of the Noblesse".

Extract. — Sir Henry Clinton to General Haldimand.

November, 12, 1781.

"General Arnold says Monsieur du Calvert Pire Floquet, Messrs.
Hay, Cord, Freeman and Watts were friends to the Rebels".

Extract. — General Haldimand to Sir Henry Clinton.

QUEBEC, November, 15, 1781.

' ' I have lately had the mortification to learn that the principal chan-
nels I have used to convey despatches and procure Intelligence and are
most entirely broken up, owing to the Impudence of recruiting parties
of the Corps of Loyalists and discoveries by Emissaries and the deser-
tion of Rebel prisioners enlarged Parole. This will make our intercourse
still less frequent than it is and I have to request your Excellency
should you have any matters of importance to communicate to me that
you will send duplicates by way of Niagara or to strike upon Carleton
Island for though more tedious it is, at present, the most certain route".

ENGLISH FRIENDS'RECORDS. — A recent valuable contribution to the
genealogical department of the Society, through the liberality of its
Genealogical Society, are four manuscript volumes of English Friends
Records, copied by Gilbert Cope. They comprise the following :

Registers of Marriages, of the Quarterly Meetings of London and Mid-
dlesex, 1657-1719.

Registers of Births, of the Quarterly Meetings of London and Middle-
sex, 1644-1719. A to L.

502 Notes and Queries.

Registers of Marriages of the Quarterly Meeting of Berkshire and
Oxfordshire, 1648-1837; Births, 1612-1837; Deaths, 1645-1837.
[Copied to 1725.]

Registers of the Quarterly Meeting of Buckinghamshire : Abstract of
minutes of the " Upperside of Bucks " Monthly, 1669-1690 ; Marriages,
1648-1838 ; Births, 1645-1837; Burials, 1656-1837. [The marriages,
births and burials copied to 1725.]

TARIFF FOR FERRIAGE AT COOPER'S FERRY, CAMDEN, N. J. Con-
tributed by Dr. C. E. Godfrey, Trenton, N. J.—

GLOUCESTER COUNTY, Sep*. 21'*. 1782
GENTLEMEN :

being informed an Essay was made or mov'd for in the
last sessions of the Honble Legislative Body of this State for the regu-
lating of Ferries, and for the information of the Honble Houses that
should such a Regulation take place, Annexed is a true State of Former
Rates, taken by the Ferries as well as the Present, as also the Expences
Accompanying the same ; therefore we do Request you woud lay the
same before your Houses and give it that support which you in your
own knoledge can Testify — And hope that when every Consideration is
given for the amaizing Expence of Every Necessary attending such
heavy and Public Business that it will appear that tho under no
immediate restraint that the Present rates are reasonable and not more
than Adequet to the Former rates and below the Parralell of Other
things — And have only to add a Circumstance which you are well
Acquainted with, that is for the better Accomodating of the Citizens of
this State, a Very Considerable Interest is given up in the Tavern way
to that of the Ferry.

We are with great respect
To JOSEPH HUGO ) Your Friends

JOSEPH ELLIS ) (Representatives for SAML. COOPER
:Esq".

JOSEPH COOPER) (the County of Gloucr. WILLIAM COOPER

SAM*. HUGO )

A List of Present and the Former rates taken at Samuel & William
Coopers Ferries, as also the Expences relating theretoo,

Rates of Articles Present. Formerly

A Single Passenger £ 0:0:9 £ 0:0:6

two D°. or more each 6 . . 4

a Single Man & Horse ... .2:6 .' 1:6

two D°, or more each 2:. .' 1:.

Single Cattle 3:. - , v 1:6

two D°, or more each 2:6 . 1: .

Dead Hoggs 6 . . 4

Sheep 4 . . 2

Live Hoggs 8 « . 4

Calves 6 . . 4

Beef Pr. Quarter 6 . . 4

a two horse load of Fish 3:9 .2:6

Notes and Queries. 503

Rates of Articles Present. Formerly

all Empty Carriages Pr. Wheel . 1:6 . 1: .

Lumber Pr. Thousand ..... . 6: . % 6: .

a full Barrel or Chest 1: . . . 8

a full Hogshead 3:9 .2:6

Grain & Salt P'. Bush1 4 , . 2

Flour P. Centum 6 , . 4

Iron Pr. Ton 7:6 . 5: .

Hen Coobs in proportion to sire

Ezpences £ 8.D. £ 8.D.

Ferry Mens Wages Pr. M*. . . 5 . . 2 . .

New Horse Boat 60 .. 28 ..

New Wherry 40 .. 22 ..

Oars Pr. Feet 1:. . . 4

Sails Pr. sute Wherry .... 7:10: 2 . .

D°. D°. Horse Boat 18: .. 6 . .

Boat Builders Wages Pr. day . . 15: . . 6: .

RITTENHOUSE NOTE. — In the ' * Hailsbronnischer Antiquitaeten
Schatz" (TreaJurehouse of Heilsbronn Antiquities) by M. Johann
Ludwig Hocker, Princely Brandenburg- Bayreutish Pastor and Professor
S. Theol. of the Gymnasium, printed at Onolzbach, 1731, I find the
following references to European ancestors, perhaps collateral only, of
a Philadelphia family :

"Thus by Divine direction it (the school) had done so well, that
this gymnasium could be joined to it and that instead of the former 100
students one half as many more free scholars could be received, for
whom 3 more teachers were appointed. The real reopening of this
restored Princely School1 took place on the 75th birthday of our Prince,
Marggrave Christian, the 30th of January of said year, when Mr.
George Rittershusius, hereditary Lord of JBuch and Weissdorf, Privy
Councillor, Director of the Council and Provost of Liens, in his
capacity as principal deputy of the Princes of Brandenburg-Bayreut
delivered an oration in Latin."

The second reference occurs in the catalogue of the School Library,
following the historical notes in the above named volume, and is in
Latin.

(85,86) Salviani Massiliensis* Opera : ad Ludovicum Franciae et
Navarrae Regem . . . curante Cunrado Rittershusio J. C. . . . Altofii
A. MDCXI in 8.

Conradus Rittershusius, Balthasaris J Ci & Canonici filius natus eat
Brunswigae A. C. 1560. In schola patria & Academia Julia nee
non Altorfii, in literis humanioribus eximiam dedit operam, linguarum
graecae & hebraicae apprisne gnarus, non infelix etiam Poeta, coin-
plures Davidis Psalmos versibus exponens Buxtorfii laudem commeruit.
Theologicum studium, cui priinum sese addixerat, cum juridico
commutavit, successu tarn felici, ut post suscepta & ex autlata itinere
Altorfii ad Juris Professionem fuerit promotus. Obiit A. C. 1613.

• It had been founded in 1531 by George Frederic of Hohenzollern, Marggrave of
Brandenburg-Bayreut and Duke of Prussia, but was closed during the Thirty Yean'
War, in consequence of several disastrous visitations by the Catholic Soldiery. B. F.

*A priest, if not bishop of the church at Marseilles, France, who speaks in one of his
letters of his wife and son. He flourished about 492 A. D. Qennadius, Patriarch of
Constantinople (1453-56) calls him "Magister Kpiscoporum." B. F.

604 Notes and Queries.

Translation :

The Works of Salvianus of Marseilles, edited by Conrad Rittershaus,
Jurisconsult, and by him dedicated to Louis XIII, King of France
and Navarra. Altof, 1611, 8V0.

Conrad Rittershaus, son of Balthasar, Jurisconsult and Canon, was
born at Brunswick 1560 A. D. He studied with great diligence at the
school in his native city, at the Julia Academy (Wiirzburg?) and at
Altdorf (University from 1623 to 1809), was well up in the Greek and
Hebrew languages and not a bad poet, his versions of several Psalms
of David receiving the praise of Buxtorf (Professor of the University of
Basel [1591-1629] and a noted Hebraist). He first devoted himself to
the study of theology, but changed to law with such success, that after
travelling extensively, he was appointed Professor of Law at Altdorf.
He died in 1613.

B. FERNOW.

EMLEN FAMILY : ENTRIES REGARDING CORRECTED. —

Samuel Emlen did not marry a Ward ; nor did Dr. Physick marry the Daughter of
Emlen, of Burlington.—

In William Dillwyn's account of his family (see PENNA. MAG., Vol.
xxviii, p. 248) he states that his daughter Susannah married "Samuel,
son of Samuel Emlen of Philadelphia," which is quite correct, and
that the latter' s wife was Elizabeth "Ward" — which is a mistake.
The said Samuel Emlen of Philadelphia, the well known minister of
Friends, born, as Mr. Dillwyn correctly states, on the 15th of the 3d
month, 1729-30, married twice: First, on the 16th of the 7th mo.,
1761, Elizabeth Moode, daughter of William Moode of Phila., and,
Secondly, on the 1st of the 2d mo., 1770, Sarah, daughter of Asher
Mott, fourth son of Gershom Mott, High Sheriff of Monmouth Co.,
New Jersey, in 1697, and a member of the Provincial Assembly. (See
Phila. Friends' Monthly Meeting Records ; Marriages.) — By his first
wife, Elizabeth Moode, Samuel Emlen, of Phila., had the said Samuel
who married Susannah Dillwyn: By his second, Sarah Mott, he had
Deborah, who died unmarried, and Elizabeth who married, on the
18th of Sept., 1800, Philip Syng Physick, M.D., of Phila.

The statement, which I have seen somewhere, that Dr. Physick' s
wife was a daughter of Samuel Emlen "of Burlington " is, of course,
incorrect ; the Samuel of Burlington being he who was the husband of
Susannah Dillwyn and, in truth, half-brother to the said Elizabeth, not
her father.

P. S. P. CONNER.

ROWLANDSVILLB, MARYLAND.

LETTER OF DAVID BARCLAY TO JOHN DICKINSON. —

KESWICK NEAE NORWICH 9th of 7th mo 1795

ESTEEMED FRIEND.

Having lately published a small tract of Poems, collected by my late
dear wife, I have sent two of them herewith, the one for thy Wife, &
the other for thy daughter; & it would afford me much satisfaction to
be informed of thine & their welfare.

My Grandaughter Agatha Gurney being in a weak state of health,
she was recomended to pass the two last winters in Devonshire, being a
warmer climate than Norfolk ; where I accompanyed her, & unfortu-
nately had a fall, by which I dislocated my left shoulder, & altho it was

Notes and Queries. 505

soon reduced ; I received some injury in the Nerves, wch has occasioned
severe & constant pain in my hand & arm for more than 18 months —

I have had the satisfaction however of returning my Grd. daughter
quite well to her Father & Friends here, & of meeting my Grandson
Hudson Guruey a promising young man in his 21§t. year — They join
me in best Respects to thy self, thy Wife & Daughter, & I am thy
assured Friend

DAVID BARCLAY.

GEORGE RUTTEH AND THE HAMILTON FAMILY PORTRAITS. — In
THE PENNA. MAG. OF HIST. AND BIOG. for July 1905, on page 264,
occurs the following sad story in connection with the family portraits of
one of our early and prominent families — the HAMILTONS.

' ' When you go to Rutters mention that there are near a dozen old
pictures (portraits) the canvass of which is as good as new. They are
all on good stretching frames & would be excellent (by covering them
with a coat of white lead) for painting on. Possibly he may not know
it but it is a well known fact in England that to a painter old paintings,
provided the canvas is in tolerable order, are as precious for painting on
as an old madeira cask is to a wine connoisseur. They will be in our
way when the Lumber R. comes to be cleaned out on my return." . . .

This story will be found in a letter from William Hamilton, of The
Woodlands, to his private Secretary, dated "Chester 7th November
1792." It is as important as it is beyond belief, for it confirms in part,
at least, and in the most serious part, a statement made by Dunlap
(Hist, of the Arts of Design. Vol. 1, p. 442) at the close of hig notice
of Wertmuller, " It is said that William Hamilton, of the Woodlands
employed him to copy the old family pictures and then destroyed the
originals." I have Wertmuller' s autograph register of his painting
down to 1802, in which no portraits appear painted for William Hamil-
ton and as Wertmuller did not come to this country until 1794, he
could not have copied "the dozen old pictures (portraits) " that " will
be in our way when the Lumber R. comes to be cleaned out," in the
fall of 1792. Does it not pass belief that a man of the position of
William Hamilton, grandson of the great Andrew Hamilton who de-
fended the printer Zenger, could treat his family portraits in such a
manner ? Perhaps they were not of the first order of artistic merit, and
Hamilton posed for an art connoisseur, but they were doubtless the por-
traits of different members of his family, apart from which if painted
by local artists of their day would have been of inestimable value and
interest in our day. A partial confirmation of Dunlap' s story, as to
Wertmuller, is found in the portrait of Andrew Hamilton in the So-
ciety's collection, as stated in the "Catalogue" 1872, p. 47.- " 163.
Andrew Hamilton. 25 x 30. Original, artist unknown, destroyed. A
copy had been made previously by Wertmuller, [1808] which at last
came into the possession of Mr Henry Becket, who permitted [1852]
Mr William Cogswell to make this copy".

George Rutter was a sign and ornamental painter of more than
ordinary ability in his line. He painted a portrait of Doctor Franklin
as a sign for Brook's tavern, near Douglassville, Pa., which John Penn
mentions in his diary, April 7, 1788 :-" Left the tavern at half past
seven o'clock, after admiring a strong likeness of Dr. Franklin, drawn
by one Rutter, a limner I employ in Philadelphia." Vide the writer's

606 Notes and Queries.

"Life Portraits of Benjamin Franklin" in McClure's Magazine for
January 1897.

CHARLES HENRY HART.

JOHN SHOMO, was born in Reading, Penna., May 1, 1752; a Pen-
sioner of the Revolution ; died at Hamburg, Penna., May 5, 1836, and
buried in St. John's Cemetery.

LETTER OF GENERAL WAYNE TO LAFAYETTE.—

STATE OF GEORGIA

SAVANNAH 4th July 1788

MY DEAR MARQUIS

I have just arrived from Phila. where I was obliged to attend in my
place, as a member of the Pennsylvania Convention, & have the honor,
& pleasure, to Congratulate you upon the adoption of the Federal
Constitution of America, by Nine of the States, which secures its opera-
tion, from & after the first Monday in December next, & fixes this rising
Empire upon so broad & solid a basis, as to insure her a conspicuous
Name, among the Nations ; an event, that must afford the most pleasing
sensation to a Nobleman, who has acted so principal a part upon her
theatre & fought & bled in defence of her liberties, from her coldest, to
her hotest sun ; our Illustrious friend Genl. Washington will be her first
— President, (or by whatever other name the world may please to call
him) I wish he had a Son

.Thus far for American politicks ! — what are you doing in the Magnum
Concilium of Europe ? there appears to be a dark cloud gathering in
the North, which Observation is in some degree corrobarated by our
Physical Gentlemen who lay it down as aposition, "that mankind
undergo a thorough change of corporal substance, in that period,"
hang this sentiment, & agreeably to an Observation of Common Sense
1 ' that Englishmen think diametrically apposite, in the course of seven
years ; — a pretty general War can't be at any great distance ; (I
recollect when I command the American troops before the lines at
Savannah in the Spring of 1782, that Sr James Wright & Genl. Clark,
sent out a flag to me, Inclosing a resolution of the British Parliament,
against prosecuting the American war, & proposing a secession of
hostilities :) — next February, completes the period of their peaceful
disposition, & shou'd that realy be their Grand, Political Clematrick,
those Islanders will be for disturbing the tranquility of their Neighbours,
in the course of the next Winter & Summer — it is therefore more than
probable, that the retention of our Northern posts may cause us to act
a part in the drama ; when I shall be happy to make another Campaign
under my friend & brother soldier the Marquis Le Fayette

Until when & ever, believe me my Dear Marquis to be with every
sentiment of Esteem

Your most Obt.

& very

Hum Sert

ANTY WAYNE.

Notes and Queries. 507

LETTERS OF THE REV. JOHN SHARPE, CHAPLAIN TO THE FORCES
IN THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK, 1704-1717, TO THE HON. GEORGE
CLARKE, SECRETARY OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK (from the
originals in the Archives of the State of New York. Contributed by
Rev. Joseph Hooper, Durham, Conn.). —

FROM THE CAMP AT STILLWATER

Septr 5* 1711

SIR

Inclosed I have sent you Mr. Huddy'a acknowledgment of forty
shillings paid towards the Chappel which will serve as a receipt for
your stopping it in your own hands towards paying the 25 £ to the
Glazier

I hope the whole sum will be paid by further Subscription so that
you may not be a loser and that what remains due upon my credit will
be paid to my wife that I may not pay beyond my proportion. I had
left with my wife a power of attorney by which she may receive my pay
and intreat you that it may be duly paid her in my absence.

We are now making what haste we can to the Wood Creek no batoes
are yet carried over but waggons are gone up in order to do it. Pray
make my humble Duty acceptable to his Excy and if it lyes in your
power to promote my interest before I return I pray you to remember me .

I remain with great respect
Sir

your affectionate humble
servant

JOHN SHARPE

YOBK, Dec' 4, 1711.

SIR,

I endeavoured to wait on you before you went out of Town but not
having the happiness of seeing you I hope you will excuse the trouble
of this which is to intreat you please to pay to Mr Asgil twenty dollars
upon the Ace* of Mr Hobbes our Carpenter, out of his Excy" Bounty
towards the repairs of the Chappel, I have received four pounds of Mr
Jamison upon account of Capt Weems which I have likewise paid to
Mr. Hobbes and if you can get so much of Col1 Ingoldsby it will help us
for the Officers at Albany will give nothing. The floor is finished and
the Gov™ Gallery will be begun this week. Pray make my humble duty
acceptable to his Excy. I wish him good health and Success in his
Administration. My service to Mr Kenedy

I am with great esteem

Sir

your most affectionate and
most humble servant

JOHN SHARPE

Queried.

WASHINGTON. — In an account of Henry Lynch of Barbadoes against
Dr. John Michael Browne of the Northern Liberties of Philadelphia
dated April 5, 1750, appear these charges.

1749. November S* : To Captain Washington for 1 ham wt 11 \ Ib at

15d. = 14.04

" December 9. To George Washington for 1 ham wt 10 Ib at
15d. = 12. 6

608 Notes and Queries.

Dr. Browne died December 15th, 1750. His remains are now in
the abandoned cemetery of old St. Stephen's church on Lycoming
Street above Broad.

George Washington of Virginia made a voyage to the Barbadoes in
1751 with his brother.

Who was this Captain Washington — this George Washington of
1749?

MARTIN I. J. GRIFFIN.

"MADAM LIVINGSTONE'S DIARY." — Can any of your readers tell
me where I can find "Madam Livingstone's Diary" freely quoted by
Buell in his Life of Paul Jones ?

CHAS. HENRY HART.

2206 Delancy Place, Philadelphia.

JBoofc IRottces.

HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL MISCELLANY. DATA RELATING
TO THE SETTLEMENT AND SETTLERS OF NEW YORK AND NEW
JERSEY. By John E. Stillwell, M.D. New York. 1903. 4to, 483pp.

In this publication, the first of five volumes, Dr. Stillwell has made a
great contribution to the history and genealogy of New York and New
Jersey, and the work when completed will be a lasting monument to the
public spirit of the compiler. As the preface indicates, Dr. Stillwell's
interest began with the Stillwell family, but broadened, in his search for
beginnings, until the records of towns, churches and counties were
copied in full, and are now to be preserved against the ravages of time.
The contents of the present volume are : Liber A, Richmond County,
New York, Records, beginning 1680 ; Dutch Church Record, Staten
Island, 1696-1790 ; Census of Staten Island, 1706 ; Parish Register of
Christ Church, Shrewsbury, New Jersey, 1733-1824 ; Epitaphs from
Christ Church, Shrewsbury, from 1719 ; A Discourse by Way of Dia-
logue, a copy of an original document, written by William Lawrence,
the second of the name at Middletown, which sets forth the difference
between the early settlers and the proprietors, and is a valuable contri-
bution to the local and general history of that period ; Log of a Journey
from Red Bank, New Jersey, to New York City, 1734 ; Records of the
Court of Sessions of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Kings County,
1676-1678 ; The Friends Records of Shrewsbury, Marriages, Births and
Deaths, 1674-1900 ; Inscriptions from Friends' Meeting-House Yard,
Shrewsbury ; Records of Cape May County, New Jersey, Liber A,
1692-1725. An excellent index completes the work.

M. A. L.

THE YOUTH OF COLUMBUS, ETUDES CRITIQUES SUR LA VIE DE
COLOMB AVANT SES DECOUVERTES. Par Henry Vignaud. Paris,
Welter; London, Stevens; New York, Lemcke. 1905. 8vo,
pp. 543. [Critical Studies of the Life of Columbus before his
Discoveries : Origin of his Family ; The two Columbuses ; His
Pretended Relations ; The true date of his Birth ; His Studies and
his first Campaigns ; His arrival in Portugal and the Naval Com-
bat of 1476 ; His voyage to the North ; His settlement in Portugal ;
His Marriage ; His Portuguese Family.]
Mr. Henry Vignaud, for many years connected with the United

States Legation in Paris, is well known by his careful studies of early

Notes and Queries. 509

geographical questions. In his books on Toscanelli, on the true date of
the birth of Columbus, etc., he has prepared the way for the present
collection of ten papers on various points of interest in the ancestry,
birth, education, occupation, voyages, marriage, and early life of
Columbus. He shows a mastery of all books on the subject and an
earnest desire to set forth the truth as he sees it and the grounds of his
belief, with a very full bibliography on each point of his effort to depict
the true Columbus. The main argument he presents is that Columbus
was untruthful and that he told the story of his ancestry, education
and early adventures, to his son Fernan, and to Las Casas, in order
that they and other contemporary and later biographers and his-
torians might justify his claim that he was descended from an illustrious
family, counting many great Admirals among its members, that he was
educated at the University of Padua, made great progress in scientific
studies, went on important expeditions, and was fully entitled to the
great honors and gifts conferred upon him as a reward for his discovery
of a new world, the result of his voyages. He shows that Fernan
Columbus and Herrera and Oviedo and other early Spanish chroniclers,
drew most of their information from the MS. of Las Casas, itself not
printed in full tmtil almost in our own day, although Herrera got from
it most of his material in his work published in 1601. Las Casas gave
his MS. to the College of Valladolid in 1560, with the condition that it
should not be published for forty years, and it was not printed in full
until 1875, by the Historical Society of Madrid. Irving' s Life of
Columbus was first published in 1828, and he like his successors, notably
Humboldt, of course had no resources other than the works issued down
to their day, and these were all based on the legendary Columbus of
early years. Henry Harrisse was the most diligent and successful of
many investigators, and he hardly appreciated the value and importance
of his discoveries. Winsor indeed showed better judgment in his use of
this material, and in Germany Huge, in England Markham, in France
Lorgues, and notably in Italy, Lollis, all pointed out the truth that
Vignaud now puts clearly before his readers. He shows that Columbus
was born in Genoa in 1451, of a poor family of silk weavers, that he
was educated in a school in Pavia street in his native town, maintained
by the guild of silk weavers for the children of its members, worked
at his father's trade, and when the latter eked out his means by keeping
a small tavern, the son helped him, — that his only training at sea was
on small trading vessels between Genoa and its neighboring colonies,
that it was on a venture of this kind he started for England, was driven
back by freebooters into Lisbon, then sailed northward, visited Bristol
in England and Galway in Ireland, started on a northern voyage, but
certainly never reached Iceland as he claimed, and returning to Portugal,
settled and married and began a new phase of life there. Mr. Vignaud
concedes him vigor, force, energy, qualities that enabled him to over-
come the poor conditions of birth and occupation, and using the oppor-
tunities offered in Portugal, then full of ambition for great expeditions
to discover new colonial possessions, fitted himself by some acquisition
of knowledge needed for his plans of discoveries, geography, astronomy
etc. Even in these he made gross blunders, pointed out by Humboldt
and other competent authorities, — and unjustifiable in a man educated
at a time when these branches of knowledge were well taught. Mr.
Vignaud shows that of recent years much new light has been thrown on

510 Notts and Queries.

the time of the youth of Columbus. The 400th Anniversary of the Dis-
covery of America, was marked by the publication of much new material,
to which Spain, France and Italy contributed, and the Italian publica-
tions issued by the government between 1892 and 1896 are of especial
interest and value, the earlier volumes fac similes of everything written
by Columbus, the later, one hundred and thirty-eight authentic docu-
ments from the archives of the notaries of Genoa, between 1428 and
1578, all relating to Columbus and his family, with a critical memoir
and a genealogical tree of real value. The family of the descendants of
Columbus contributed from their unprinted archives, and Spanish
scholars added to the new material thus supplied, although their contri-
bution lacked sadly in the critical acumen which marked the work done
by students of France and Italy. Mr. Vignaud has small regard for the
latest American biographer of Columbus, Mr. John Boyd Thatcher,
whose sumptuous volumes published in 1903-4, he asserts show no
critical power, reproduce only the old legends, ignore the discovery and
publication of new documents from Italian archives, and misstate the real
date of the birth of Columbus, putting it in 1446. Mr. Vignaud argues,
and, he thinks, deduces to irrefragable demonstration, that it was in
1451, — examines all the suggested dates, from 1430 to 1456, with criti-
cism of the authority for each year, and approves that fixed by Rosa
and by Ruge, confirming the statement made by Columbus in 1470,
that he was then nineteen, — all overlooked by Thatcher. Vignaud
shows that Columbus did not go to Portugal in 1470, but in 1476, that
his pretended voyage to Iceland is all an invention, intended to sug-
gest that he there learned of the early voyages to Greenland and the
coast of North America, when at that time there was neither record nor
tradition of the kind known to any native or resident of Iceland.
Harrisse had already contradicted many of the pretended facts contained
in the History by Fernan Columbus, yet he did not appreciate the sig-
nificance and importance of much of the material which he had
unearthed, while Winsor with better historical judgment saw the value
of his finds. In Spain many scholars contributed the results of their
studies and researches in neglected Spanish archives, but for want of
unity of purpose and sound method of historical analysis and perspec-
tive, contributed little of real value. Irritated by the lack of historical
honesty in this sort of piecemeal study of the sources, Harrisse contin-
ued his fruitful researches, and showed in their true light many of the
real facts of the life of Columbus, but with so much passionate berating
of all who did not agree with him and accept his conclusions, that he
did little to overturn the legendary Columbus. It is mainly due to the
industry of the Italians, eager to honor the memory of their great
countryman, that Mr. Vignaud owes his ability to show that Columbus
was not truthful, — a common enough fault in his day, and that whatever
is reported as coming from him must be looked on with suspicion.
When it is tested by other proof and by the irrefragable evidence of the
Italian records, it is shown to be untrue, distorted or invented to serve
a purpose. Then too it is clear that Columbus was ignorant of many
things of which he pretended to be master, and ought to have been, if
his story of his high birth and university education were true. He
made mistakes in elementary geography in his claims of visits to placeH,
he made blunders in astronomy and cosmography, and he showed
ignorance of geometry,— errors that were long ago pointed out by

Notes and Queries. 511

Humboldt. Vignaud concedes to Columbus many elements and quali-
ties of greatness, leadership, boldness, daring, spirit of adventure,
energy, tenacity, will, and the power to assimilate from his contem-
poraries in Portugal the knowledge then wide spread there, as the
source of successful exploration. Most valuable however is Mr. Vig-
naud's large use of bibliographical authorities to support every step
of his argument. Whether Mr. Vignaud's views be accepted or not,
his book cannot fail to interest students of history by its thoroughness
in the accumulation of material, by his painstaking research, by his
insistence on the value of the canons of sound criticism in the use
of records as against legends and traditions, in pointing out the motives
which led to their invention, and the necessary impartiality of contem-
porary records made as matter of importance at the time, without any
possibility of personal influence or bias. On this account Mr. Vig-
naud's Youth of Columbus is valuable, and we may well look with
interest for his promised volumes on his later life. J. G. R.

LIFE OF GEORGE R. SMITH, FOUNDER OF SEDALIA, MISSOURI. By
Samuel Bannister Harding, Ph.D. Sedalia. 1904. Pp. 398.
Privately printed. Illustrated.

George Rappeen Smith, the founder of the city of Sedalia, Missouri,
was born 1804 in Virginia, in which province his emigrant ancestor
settled early in the eighteenth century. While an infant his parents
removed to Kentucky, where he was educated and fitted himself for the
profession of the law. He married in 1827, and six years later, with
his family settled in Missouri, where he died in July of 1879. Gen-
eral Smith active and aggressive by nature, was frequently called to
fill important positions of public trust. On the breaking out of the
Civil War, although a slaveholder, he declared himself an unqualified
Union man, served for a time as Adjutant General of the State, and was
influential in aiding the Federal Government. The part taken by
General Smith in the struggle to secure the location and completion of
the Pacific railroad, was possibly the greatest effort of his life.

THE LIFE AND SPEECHES OF THOMAS WILLIAMS, ORATOR, STATES-
MAN AND JURIST, 1806-1872, A FOUNDER OF THE WHIG AND
REPUBLICAN PARTIES. By Burton Alva Konkle. Philadelphia.
1905. Two Volumes 8vo. Price $6. Campion & Co., 1305
Walnut Street.

Thomas Williams was born August 28, 1806, in Greensburgh,
Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. He was graduated at Dickinson
College in 1825, studied law and was admitted to practice in 1828, at
Pittsburgh. From 1838 to 1841, he served in the State Senate, and in
1861, was elected to the House of Representatives, and two years later,
a member of Congress. He began public life in 1834, as a Whig
orator, organizer and editor, in that movement against Jackson, which
led to the success of Harrison and Tyler in 1840. Among his papers
are a confidential letter of Daniel Webster on his candidacy for the
Presidency, and an even more interesting one from Henry Clay, on his
own aspirations for the same high office, both now first published.
Pictures of the Pittsburgh and Philadelphia Conventions of 1856, which
made Pennsylvania the Mother of National Republicanism are given,
and a confidential letter of Horace Greeley, which shows that had

512 Notes and Queries.

Williams' suggestion been followed the Fremont ticket would in all
probability have been elected. Williams wrote the call to the Chicago
Convention that nominated Lincoln, and as the author of the Tenure-
of-Office Bill, he determined the line of attack on President Johnson.
He was one of the managers of the impeachment of the President, and
his speech the ablest one of the prosecution. He was a pioneer leader
in the now widespread movement for legal control of corporations, and
probably his long-continued fight against municipal subscriptions to
railways was the greatest contest of his life.

The work consists of two attractive volumes, with over fifty illustra-
tions, and county political maps of 1828, 1840, 1856 and 1860, showing
the transformation of Pennsylvania from a Jackson to a Lincoln sup-
porter. The introduction has been written by the former Attorney
General, Hon. Philander C. Knox, United States Senator from
Pennsylvania.

THE MORAVIAN GRAVEYARDS OF LITITZ, PA., 1744-1905. By
Abraham Reinke Beck. Transactions of the Moravian Historical
Society Vol. VII, Part IV. Bethlehem. 1905. 8vo, pp. 122.

The Moravian Historical Society has undertaken no better work, than
assigning to members specially qualified for the task, the preparation for
publication of the Registers of Deaths of the early Moravian congrega-
tions in Pennsylvania. The first of this series to be published was the
Bethlehem Register, arranged by Dr. Schultze, President of the
Moravian College ; followed by the Nazareth Register, by Rev. E. T.
Kluge, and now the Lititz Register, under notice.

These publications are not only valuable contributions to the history
of the church, but also to local genealogy, for the compilers have
appended biographical and genealogical notes from the records.

The first graveyard of Lititz is situated in the suburbs of the town,
and was consecrated on St. James' Day, 1744 ; the present graveyard on
November 7, 1758. The total number of those interred to April 1,
1905, is 1219, among whom may be mentioned, Gen. John Augustus
Sutter, on whose ranch, on the Sacramento river, California, in 1847,
gold was discovered.

The notes prepared by Mr. Beck indicate painstaking research, and
will be helpful to genealogists. A draft of the graveyard is annexed.

FRANCIS HOPKINSON, THE FIRST AMERICAN POET-COMPOSER (1737-

1791) AND JAMES LYON, PATRIOT, PREACHER, PSALMODIST

(1735-1794). Two STUDIES IN EARLY AMERICAN Music. By

O. G. Sonneck. Washington, D. C. 1905. 8vo. Illustrated.

This work, privately printed, is limited to 200 copies, 160 of which

are for sale, price $5. While the book will appeal primarily to

students of the history of music and of the early musical history of the

United States in particular, it also will prove of interest to the general

reader, as it throws light on the life and career of two Americans,

distinguished in the political, literary, and ecclesiastical history of their

country. The author is the Chief of Division of Music, Library of

Congress.

Officers of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 518

OFFICERS

OF THE

HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA.

PRESIDENT.

HON. SAMUEL WHITAKER PENNYPACKER.
9

HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENT.
HON. CRAIO BIDDLE.

VICE-PRESIDENTS.

HENRY CHARLES LEA, WILLIAM BROOKE RAWLB,

HON. JAMES T. MITCHELL, GEORGE HARRISON FISHER,

HON. CHARLEMAGNE TOWER, HON. HAMPTON L. CARSON.

RECORDING SECRETARY.
THOMAS WILLING BALCH.

CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.
JOHN BACH MCMASTER.

TREASURER.
FRANCIS HOWARD WILLIAMS.

AUDITOR.

RICHARD MCCALL CADWALADER.
VOL. xxvin. — 33

514 Officei^s of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

CURATOR.

GREGORY B. KEEN.

LIBRARIAN.

JOHN W. JORDAN.

ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN.
MAY ATHERTON LEACH.

ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN, IN CHARGE OF MANUSCRIPTS.
JENNIE C. WYLIE.

HISTORIOGRAPHER.

J. GRANVILLE LEACH.

COUNCILLORS.

JOHN C. BROWNE, HON. WILLIAM POTTER,

JOHN B. GEST, SAMUEL CASTNER, JR.,

WILLIAM H. LAMBERT, JOHN F. LEWIS,

CHARLES MORTON SMITH, EDWARD KOBINS,

SIMON GRATZ, ISRAEL W. MORRIS,

WILLIAM DRAYTON, JOHN T. MORRIS.

The Council of the Society is composed of the President, Vice-
Preeidente, Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretary, Treasurer,
Auditor, and the twelve Councillors. Hon. James T. Mitchell is Presi-
dent and Gregory B. Keen is Secretary of the Council.

TRUSTEES OF THE PUBLICATION FUND.

HON. S. W. PENNYPACKER, HON. JAMES T. MITCHELL,

SIMON GRATZ.
(JOHN W. JORDAN, Editor of Publications.)

Officers of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 515

TRUSTEES OF THE BINDING FUND.

HON. S. W. PENNYPACKER, HON. JAMES T. MITCHELL,

SIMON GRATZ.

TRUSTEES OF THE LIBRARY FUND.

HON. S. W. PENNYPACKER, JOHN BACH MCMASTER,

GREGORY B. KEEN.

TRUSTEES OF THE GILPIN LIBRARY.

HON. S. W. PENNYPACKER, GEORGE HARRISON FISHER,

WILLIAM BROOKE EAWLE, HENRY CHARLES LEA,

SIMON GRATZ.

TRUSTEES OF THE ENDOWMENT FUND AND THE
MISCELLANEOUS TRUSTS FUND.

HON. S. W. PENNYPACKER, HON. HAMPTON L. CARSON,

RICHARD M. CADWALADER.

TRUSTEES OF THE FERDINAND J. DREER COL-
LECTION OF MANUSCRIPTS.

HON. S. W. PENNYPACKER, WILLIAM BROOKE RAWLB,

HON. HAMPTON L. CARSON, GREGORY B. KEEN,

EDWIN GREBLE DREER.

TRUSTEES OF THE PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL
STUDY ENCOURAGEMENT FUND.

HON. S. W. PENNYPACKER, WILLIAM BROOKE RAWLE,

GREGORY B. KEEN.

TRUSTEES OF THE BUILDING FUND.

HON. S. W. PENNYPACKER, WILLIAM BROOKE RAWLE,

JOHN F. LEWIS.

516 Officers of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

STATED MEETINGS.

January 8, 1906. May 14, 1906.

March 12, 1906. November 12, 1906.

January 14, 1907.

Annual membership $5. 00

Life membership . . . . .50.00

Publication Fund, life subscription . . . 25.00
Pennsylvania Magazine, per annum (to non-sub-
scribers to the Publication Fund) . . .3.00

Payments may be made to the Curator at the Hall, 1300 Locust
Street.

INDEX.

Family surnames of value in genealogical research are printed in CAPITALS; names of

places in italics.)

A Bit of Local Gossip of 1740, by
Francis Von A. Cabeen, 240.

Academy of Philadelphia, Rev. William
Smith writes to Richard Peters re-
garding appointments in, 257-459.

Adams, Abigail, Benjamin Rush to, 15.

Adams, John, Benjamin Rush to 17,
22 ; peace ambassador, 23 ; views of
Alexander Hamilton and Rev. Wil-
liam Smith on candidacy of, 210-
215 ; mentioned, 29.

Adams, John Qufncy, James B. Long-
acre makes drawing of, from Stuart,
142.

Adams, Samuel, James B. Longacre
makes drawing of, from Copley, 141.

ADDISON, Eliza Dulaney, 133.

ADDISON, Walter Dulaney, 133.

Affidavit, printed form of, 1678, 123.

Albany, 358.

Alison, Rev. Francis, letter of, 495.

ALLEN, Andrew, 93.

ALLEN, Ann, 71.

ALLEN, Elizabeth, 93.

ALLEN, Katherine, 89.

ALLEN, Col. William, 94.

Almshouse Dinner in 1799, 110.

Alsop, John, to Thomas Wharton, 494.

Anajot, 345, 346, 349, 357.

Anderson, Robert, sergeant, 471 ; cor-
poral, 472.

Anna's Valley, 178.

Anton's Wilderness, 179.

ARMSTRONG, 483-486.

ARMSTRONG, Alexander, 166.

ARMSTRONG, James, 166.

Armstrong, Alexander, commissioned
lieutenant, 166.

Armstrong, James, commissioned cap-
tain, 166 ; query regarding, 483.

Armstrong, Gen. John, letter of, 365 ;
expedition of, against Indians, 410 ;
surveys site of Carlisle, Penna., 480.

Armstrong's Creek, 166, 167.

Army, Benjamin Rush writes to John
Adams regarding, 17 ; change in uni-
form bats of officers of, 474.

ARNOLD, James, 89.

ARNOLD, Ruth, 89, 90.

ARNOLD, Samuel, 89, 90.

Arnold, Gen. Benedict, in London, 303 ;

correspondence between Sir Henry

Clinton and Gen. Frederick Haldi-

mand regarding, 499 ; mentioned,

62.
Arnold, Margaret Shippen, in London,

303.
Artists' Fund Society, David Edwin

one of the founders of, 88.
ASHTON, 380.
ATKINS, Phillis, 317.
ATKINSON, 220, 223.
ATKINSON, John, 313.
Atlee, Lieut. Samuel J., 417.
AUBREY, 380.
Auchmuty, Samuel, to Richard Peters,

456.

BACHE, Benjamin Franklin, 208, 311.

BAKER, William, 317.

Baker, Joseph, and Mary Worrilaw,
abstract of marriage certificate of,
115.

BALCH, 252.

Balch, Rev. Hezekiah James, query re-
garding, 252.

Balch, Thomas Willing, query regard-
ing Rev. Hezekiah James Balch, by,
252.

Barclay, David, to John Dickinson,
504.

BARD, Susanna, 99.

BARNETT, Ann, 101.

BARNETT, Elizabeth, 101.

BARNETT, Isaac, 101.

Bartlett, Josiah, to Nicholas Folsom,
194.

BARTRAM, 221.

Bartram, John, 258.

Bartram, William, 71, 258.

BASKET, Maria, 417.

BASKET, Nancy, 418.

Bayley, Col. , 473, 474.

Baylor, Col. George, 55.

BEALE, Joseph, 90.

BEALE, Joshua, 90.

517

518

Index.

BEALE, Rachel, 90.

BEALE, Samuel, 90.

BEALE, Sarah, 90.

Beatty, Maj. John, Commissary Gen-
eral of Prisoners, 53 ; to Col. James
McHenry, 54-56; writes regarding
occupation of New York by British,
55, 56.

Bedford, Gunning, to (Gen. Schuy-
ler?), 191.

Bee, Dr. , 24, 25.

Belfast, description of, by James H.
Watmough, 180-182.

BENGER, Mary, 311.

Benigna's Creek, 168, 178.

Berry's Falls, 167.

Bigelow, Col. Timothy, 53.

BILES, William, 90.

Bingham, William, Lansdowne portrait
of Washington by Gilbert Stuart for,
139, 140.

BIRD, Edward, 90.

BISHOP, Ann, 97.

Bisset, Rev. , 27.

BLEWETT, Sir Samuel, 90.

Bliss, Capt. - — , 57.

BLUNT, Dorothea, 311.

BLUNT, James, 311.

Boehler, Bishop Peter, 161.

BOND, Ann, 99.

BOND, Dr. Phineas, 99, 100.

BOND, Williamina, 99, 100.

Bond, Col. , 475.

BONSALL, 221.

Book Notices, 124, 253, 380, 508.

BORINGDON, Thomas, 319.

Boston Museum, 10.

Boudinot, Elias, to Elisha Boudinot, 197.

Boudinot, Elisha, Elias Boudinot to,
197.

BOURCHER, John, 93.

BOWEN, Daniel, 9.

Bowen, Daniel, 9, 10.

BOY, David, 418.

BOY, James, 418.

BOY, Rhode, 418.

BOY, Sarah, 418.

BOY, Thomas, 418.

Boyd, Mrs. James L., Dr. James Mc-
Henry to, 329.

Boyd, Robert, to Jasper Yeates, 113.

BRAND, Thomas, 99.

Brandywine and Paoli, actions at, de-
scribed by a British officer, 368.

Breckenridge, David, 413, 417.

BRIELINGER, Anna, 419.

BRIELINGER, Jacob, 419.

BRINGHURST, Joseph, 101.

British Forces, state and disposition
of, Sept. 11, 1777, 367.

Brockden, Charles, 162.

BROWN, Francis, extract from will of,
318.

BROWN, Margaret, 419.

BROWNE, Andrew, 318.

BROWNE, Elizabeth, 95.

BROWNE, James, extract from will of,
318.

BROWNE, George, 95.

BROWNE, Jonathan, extract from will
of, 95.

BROWNE, Mary, 318.

BROWNE,- Sarah, 318.

BROWNE, Thomas, 95.

BROWNE, William, 95.

Bruce, David, 161.

Buck, Mary, 98

BUCK, William, extract from will of,
97.

BUDD, 219, 221.

Bunker Hill, battle of, Ashbel Sey-
mour describes, 373.

BURGES, Frances, 208.

BURGES, Richard Rundle, 207, 208.

Burgoyne, Gen. John, Benjamin Rush
writes to Mrs. Adams regarding,
15.

Burlington, N. J., a list of the Free-
holders for the City and County of,
April, 1745, by Carlos E. Godfrey,
M.D., 421.

BURROUGHS, Benjamin, 99.

Bush Hill, property of Andrew Ham-
ilton, 74.

Byron, Admiral John, 56.

Cabeen, Francis Von A. ; a Bit of
Local Gossip of 1740, by, 240.

Cadwalader, Thomas, property of, for
sale, 1814, 488.

Cammerhoff, Bishop J. C. F., narrative
of a journey to Shamokin, Penna.,
in the winter of 1748, by John W.
Jordan, 160 ; sketch of, 160 ; private
secretary to Count Zinzendorf, 160 ;
marries Baroness Anne von Pahlen,
160 ; sent to Pennsylvania as mis-
sionary to Indians, 160 ; death of,
at Bethlehem, 160 ; translation of a
letter of, to Count Zinzendorf, 161-
179 ; with Joseph Powell, sets out for
Shamokin, 161 ; lodges with Moses
Starr, 162; lodges with Michael
Schaeffer, 162 ; lodges with Henry

Zanders, 163 ; lodges with

Armstrong, 166; arrives at Shamo-
kin, 172; receives Shikellmy and
other Indians, 172 ; visits Shikellmy,
and requests him to call a Council,
174 ; address of, at Council at Sha-

Index.

519

mokin, 175-177; returns to Bethle-
hem with John Martin Mack and
wife, 178, 179 ; mentioned, 346, 353,
356.

CAMPBELL, 250.

CAMPBELL, George, 95.

Campbell, Francis, 249.

Canajoharie, 344, 347, 358.

Candelin, Adjt. , 476.

CAREY, 223.

Carey, Henry C., 47.

Carey, Matthew, 47.

Carlisle, Penna., how the site of, was
purchased, 479 ; Letort's Spring, site
of, 479 ; lands purchased for site of,
749, 480 ; John Armstrong surveys
site of, 480.

CARMALT, 219, 220, 221.

CARR, William, 98.

Carr, Benjamin, 82.

Carroll, Charles, portrait of, by Pine,
10.

CARSON, Barbara, 310.

CARSON, Nichola, 310.

CARSON, Robert, extract from will
of, 310.

Catlin, George, 135, 136.

Cayuga, 345.

CHAMBERS, Benjamin, 164.

CHAMBERS, James, 164.

CHAMBERS, Joseph, 164.

CHAMBERS, Robert, 164.

Chambers' Mill, 164, 168.

Chase, Samuel, portrait of, by Pine,
10; sketch of, 28; to John F. Mer-
cer, 205.

Chester, description of, by James H.
Watmough, 185, 186.

Chester Township, Burlington County,
list of Freeholders for, 1745, 425.

Chesterfield Township, Burlington
County, list of Freeholders for, 1745,
423.

Chestnut Street property for sale,
1814, 488.

CHILD, Henry, 319.

CHILD, Sarah, 319.

CHURCH, Edward, 318.

CLAGGETT, Caroline, 133.

Clapham, Col. William, builds block-
house, 1756, 166.

CLARE, 380.

Clark, Abraham, to Lord Stirling, 193.

Clarke, Hon. George, Rev. John Sharpe
to, 506.

Clarkson, MaJ. Matthew, 62.

Clinton, George, 2.

Clinton, Gov. George, William Duer to,
192; Michael Hillegas to, 236.

Clinton, Sir Henry, correspondence

between Gen. Frederick Haldimand
and, regarding Gen. Arnold, 499;
mentioned, 62.

CLOWES, 489-493.

Clowes Family Record, 489.

CLUNN, 217.

Clymer, George, to Henry Hill, 200.

COCHRAN, Gertrude, 53.

COCHRAN, Dr. John, 53.

Cochran, F. C., query regarding Capt.
James Armstrong, by, 483.

Cochran, Dr. John, Surgeon General,
53 ; to Dr. James McHenry, 57.

COCKSTREET, Thomas, 96.

COLE, Elizabeth, 207.

COLEMAN, Ann, 311.

COLES, Joane 91.

COLES, John, extract from will of, 91.

COLLET, Benjamin, 94.

COLLEY, Edward, 94.

COLLEY, Elizabeth, 94.

COLLEY, George, 94.

COLLEY, Isaac, 94.

COLLEY, John. 94.

COLLEY, Mary, 94.

COLLEY, Richard, 94.

COLLEY, Susannah, 94.

COLLEY, Thomas, 94.

Columbian Museum, 10.

Colwell, Stephen, 48.

Congress, views of Dr. Rush regard-
ing, 18, 20-22 ; calls in circulating
money, 23 ; letters of some mem-
bers of, selected by J. C. Wylie, 191.
Congress Voting Independence, by
Charles Henry Hart, 1 ; by Robert
Edge Pine, finished by Edward Sav-
age, 2 ; in Boston Museum, 2 ; pur-
chased by Charles Henry Hart, 10 ;
description of figures in, 11, 12 ; Ed-
ward Savage finishes and engraves,
12; property of The Historical So-
ciety of Pennsylvania, 2, 14.

Conner, P. S. P., 504.

Conway, Gen. Thomas, 18, 20.

Cookson, Thomas, to Thomas Penn,
regarding purchase of the site of
Carlisle, Penna., 479.

Cooper's Ferry, Camden, N. J., tariff
for ferriage at, 502.

Cope, Gilbert, English Friends' Rec-
ords, copied by, 501.

Cork, description of, by James H. Wat-
mough, 32-37.

COSTARD, John, 319.

COX, Isaac, extract from will of, 100 ;
mentioned, 101.

COX, John, 100, 101.

COX, Joseph, 100.

COX, Mary, 100, 101.

520

Index.

COXE, Tench, 315.
CRAIGE, Archibald, 312.
CRAIGE, George, 312.
Cramer, Adjt. - — , 474.
CRAMOND, Allyn James, 316.
CRAMOND Ann Simmons, 316.
CRAMOND, Arthur, 315, 316.
CRAMOND, James, extract from will

of, 315 ; mentioned, 316.
CRAMOND, Janet, 315.
CRAMOND, Naome, 315, 316.
CRAMOND, William, 315, 316.
CRAWFORD, James, 95.
CRAWFORD, William, 95.
CROUCH, Frances, 90.
CROUCH, Jasiell, 89.
CROUCH, John, 90.
CROUCH, William, extract from will

of, 89.

CROUTCH, Elizabeth, 319.
CROUTCH, Frances, 319.
CROUTCH, Thomas, extract from will

of, 319.

CUDRIDGE, Ruth, 91.
Cumming, William, advertisement of,

466.
CUMMINGS, Archibald, extract from

will of, 312.

CUMMINGS, Elizabeth, 313.
CUMMINGS, Rev. George, 313.
Cutting, Dr. John B., 58.

DACHERTY, Johanna, 418.

DACHERTY, Nancy, 418.

Dancing School Assembly and Concert
Room closed, by reason of White-
field's preaching, 240.

Dandrige, Bartholomew, 385.

Darby, Capt. , 63.

Dark Genealogy, A, 363.

DARLINGTON, Richard, 98.

DAVIS, 332.

Davis, Capt. , 475, 478.

Davis, I. P., 139, 140, 142.

Davison, Patrick, land of, purchased
for site of Carlisle, Penna., 479.

Davison, William, land of, purchased
for site of Carlisle, Penna., 479.

DAVY, Mary, 317.

DAVY, William, 317.

Dayton, Col. Elias, 478.

Deane, Silas, to John Hancock, 196.

DE BUTTS, Caroline, 133.

Declaration of Independence, by Trum-
bull, 1, 2, 13.

DEEBLrE, Richard, 93.

De Hart, Maj. William, 475, 476.

Delaney, Sharp, 224.

Delaware Bible Records, contributed by
Rev. C. H. B. Turner, 467.

DERICKSSON, 123.

DEVINE, Magdalen, extract from will
of, 95.

DICKASON, Thomas, Jr., 316.

Dickerson, Capt. Peter, 478.

Dickinson, John, opposed to Declara-
tion of Independence, 29 ; to John
Hall, 201 ; four letters addressed
to, 224; Thomas Willing to, 224;
Benjamin Rush to, 224-227 ; David
Barclay to, 504 ; mentioned, 2.

DIETERICK, Adam, 208.

DOBELL, Ruth, 311.

DOBELL, Sarah, 311.

Doolittle, A., engraves Pine's Allegor-
ical Picture of America, 7.

Doughty, Maj. , 473.

Dove, Francis, et al.} Thomas Lang-
home to, 102.

Doyle, W. S. M., 10.

DOZ, Andrew, 92.

Dublin, description of, by James H.
Watmough, 40-42 ; Trinity College,
40; House of Parliament, 41.

DUCHE, Elizabeth, 92.

DUCHE, Elizabeth Sophia, 92.

DUCHE, Esther, 92.

DUCHE, Jacob, extract from will of,
92.

DUCHE, Rev. Jacob, 92.

DUCHE, Thomas Spence, 92.

Duchg, Jacob, Jr., author of Pennsyl-
vania, a poem, 123.

Duer, William, to Gov. George Clinton,
192.

DUFFIELD, Samuel, 91, 92.

DUGDALE, Sarah, 99.

DUNDAS, Mary Young, 132.

Durand, John, engraving of Trumbull's
Declaration of Independence by, 1.

DURNFORD, Susannah, 314.

Early Years of the University Barge
Club of Philadelphia, by John B.
Thayer, 282.

ECCLES, Alice, 98.

ECCLESTON, John, 89.

EDGAR, 217.

EDMETT, Thomas, 90.

EDWIN, David, 80.

EDWIN, John, 80.

Edwin, David, engraver, by Mantle
Fielding, 79, 320; sketch of, 80-88;
apprenticed to Jossi, 80 ; goes to
Holland, 81; arrives in Philadel-
phia, 82 ; employed by book publish-
ers, 82, 83; assistant to Edward
Savage, 83 ; engraves portraits after
Gilbert Stuart, 80, 84-86, 88; anec-
dotes of Gilbert Stuart told by, 84-

Index.

521

86 ; engraves portrait of Dr. Smith,
85 ; meets with losses, 86, 87 ; one of
founders of Artists' Fund Society,
88 ; Masonic certificate engraved by,
109 ; additional prints of, (not in
Hildeburn's list) 321-325; mention-
ed, 14, 250.

Edwin, John, comedian, 80.

ELDER, 378.

ELLIOTT, Ann, 311.

ELLIS, Jane, 315.

ELLIS, John, 315.

ELLIS, Owen, 315.

ELLIS, Robert, 315.

Ellis, William, corporal, 471; ser-
geant, 472.

EMLEN FAMILY, 504.

Emmaus, 161.

England, Pennsylvania Gleanings in,
by Lothrop Withington, 89, 207, 310.

English Friends' Records, copied by
Gilbert Cope, 501.

Eva Creek, see Shamokin Creek, 170.

EVANS, Hugh W., 133.

Evesham Township, Burlington Coun-
ty, list of Freeholders for, 1745, 424.

FARRELL, Dennis, 98.

FEA, James, extract from will of, 92.

Fernow, B., 504.

Fielding, Mantle, David Edwin, en-
graver, by, 79, 320.

FINCH, Mary, 97.

Finley, Dr. James. Dr. Rush writes
to Dr. McHenry in praise of, 53.

FISHER, Myers, 93.

Fishing Creek, 164, 165.

FLARDY, Fanny, 419.

FLOWER, 216, 217.

Folsom, Major A. A., contributes ex-
tracts from orderly books of Lieut.
William Torrey, 117.

Folsom, Nicholas, Josiah Bartlett to,
194.

FORD, Philip, 317.

Ford, Worthington Chauncey, contrib-
utes Some London Broadsides and
Issues on Pennsylvania, 65.

Fort Canajoharie, 345.

Fort Williams, 343, 358.

FOSTER, Edward, 317.

FOSTER, Martha, 317.

FOSTER, Sarah, 90.

FOSTER, William, 317.

FOSTER-DE-BANKE, John, 316, 317.

Foulke, Dr. John, bears letter of in-
troduction from Dr. Rush to John
Adams, 22.

Fourth Pennsylvania Battalion, orderly
book, 1776, Col. Anthony Wayne, 470.

Fox, Charles, 302.

Fox, George, to friends in Bucks Coun-
ty, Penna., 105.

France, birth of Dauphin of, an-
nounced to Congress, 1782, 497.

Franklin, Benjamin, conversations of
Benjamin Rush with, 23; expresses
opinions of foundation of the Revo-
lution, 23 ; of use of tobacco, 24 ;
the plague in Turkey, 24 ; opposed to
negro slavery, 25 ; conversations of,
in London, 1768-9, 27 ; anecdotes
and reminiscences of, 23-30 ; op-
poses portions of Pennsylvania Con-
stitution, 29; Michael Hillegas to,
235 ; publishes notice regarding
closing of Dancing School Assembly
and Concert Room, 240 ; vindication
of gentlemen concerned, 240-243 ;
Bishop Nathaniel Seidel to, 245; to
Bishop Nathaniel Seidel, 246; to
William Strahan, 247 ; orders books
for Library Company of Philadel-
phia, 247 ; mentioned, 47.

FRANKS, David, extract from will of,
315.

FRANKS, Jacob, 315.

FRANKS, Moses, 315.

Freeman, T. B., 82, 83, 86.

FRENCH, Moses, 318.

French, Louis E., contribution of
books and Mss. from estate of, 497.

FRICK, Betty, 419.

Friends in Bucks County, Penna.,
George Fox to, 105 ; in exile in Vir-
ginia, 230, 231 ; English Records,
copied by Gilbert Cope, 501.

FUDGE, George, 101.

FUDGE, Margaret, 101.

Galbraith, Justice, 419.

Ganatisgoa, 350.

Garrick, David, portraits of by Pine,
3, 4.

GASS, 378.

Gates, Gen. Horatio, 16.

GEARY, Henry, 316, 317.

GEARY, John, extract from will of,
316 ; mentioned, 317.

GEARY, Joseph, 316, 317.

Geiger, Lieut. Henry, 417.

Qermantown, Battle of, Robert Pound's
account of, 114. •

Gibson, John B., 47.

Gibson, Owen, 413, 415, 417.

Gilcore, James, land of, purchased for
site of Carlisle, Penna., 479.

Gilman, Nicholas, to Gen. William Ir-
vine, 248.

Gilpin, Thomas, exile in Virginia, 230.

522

Index.

GOADE, Rebecca, 314.

GOADE, Solomon, 314.

Godfrey, Carlos E., M. D., a list of the
Freeholders for the City and County
of Burlington, April, 1745, by 421;
mentioned, 502.

Goldsborough, 27.

Gordon, Patrick, governor of Pennsyl-
vania, petitions of citizens of Phil-
adelphia County to, 1728, 228, 230.

Gordon, Rev. William, Benjamin Rush
to, 21.

GRANT, Hannah, 47.

GRANT, Ulysses S., 47.

Grant, Gen. James, 56.

Grant, Ulysses S., ancestors of, resi-
dents of Pennsylvania, 47.

GRAY, Anne, 418.

Gray, George, proprietor of Gray's
Gardens, 260.

Gray, Sergeant Joseph, 471.

Gray's Gardens, 258, 260.

Grayson, William, to , 203.

Great Swatara River, 163.

Greaton, Col. — — , 475.

GREGORY, Edward, 90.

GRIFFIN, Anna, 268.

Griffin, Cyrus, 238.

Griffin, Martin I. J., 508.

GRIFFITTS, Jacob, 101.

GRIFFITTS, Margaret, 101.

GROVE, Sylvanus, 89.

Grubb, Corporal James, 471.

Gummere, Amelia M., the Quaker : A
Drama in One Act, by August von
Kotzebue, translated by, 439.

Hagen, John, missionary to the In-
dians, 172 ; mentioned, 161.

Haldimand, Gen. Frederick, corres-
pondence between Sir Henry Clinton
and, regarding Gen. Arnold, 499 ;
Gen. James Robertson to, 501.

HALL, Mahlon, 93.

Hall, John, Daniel of St. Thomas Jeni-
fer to, 198, 199; John Dickinson
to, 201.

HAMILTON, Abigail, 315.

HAMILTON, Lady Amy, 91, 92.

HAMILTON, Andrew, 19, 74.

HAMILTON, Elizabeth, 92.

HAMILTON, James, 74.

HAMILTON, John, 91.

HAMILTON, Mary, extract from will
of, 91 ; mentioned, 92.

HAMILTON, Peter, 92.

Hamilton, Alexander, portrait of, by
Pine, 10; and Rev. William Smith,
Letters of, to Hon. James Wilson,
contributed by Israel W. Morris,

210 ; views of, on candidacy of
Washington and Adams, 210-211 ;
mentioned, 53.

Hamilton, Andrew, purchases Bush
Hill property, 74 ; marriage of, 267.

Hamilton, William, of the Woodlands,
Some Letters from, to his Private
Secretary, by Benjamin H. Smith,
70, 143, 257 ; beautifies Woodlands
and secures rare plants and seeds,
70-77 ; writes regarding care of
Woodlands, 72-77, 143-159; 258,
261 ; visits Downing's Tavern and
Lancaster to collect rents, 145-155 ;
gives ground at Lancaster for Legis-
lature of Penna., 266.

Hamilton Family portraits, George
Rutter and, 505.

Hancock, John, Silas Deane to, 196;
Michael Hillegas to, 238.

Hand, Col. Edward, 473.

Hand, Dr. Edward, 262.

HARRIS, Charles, 317.

Harris's Ferry, 163, 164, 166.

HARRISON, George, 100.

HARRISON, Jane, 100, 101.

Harrison, Benjamin, 2.

HART, Seymour, 312.

Hart, Charles Henry, The Congress
Voting Independence by, 1 ; pur-
chases same, 10 ; mentioned, 251,
367, 506, 508.

Hartley, Col. Thomas, 152.

Hartwick, John Christopher, mission-
ary to Indians, sketch of, 345.

Harvard University, portrait of Wash-
ington, painted for, by Savage, 13.

HASLETT, 253.

Haussegger, Maj. Nicholas, 475.

Heap, John and Nicholas Scull, map
of Philadelphia by, 463-465.

Heidelberg, 162, 179.

HENDERSON, 378.

HENDERSON, David, 133.

HENDERSON, Gustavus Hesselius,
133.

HENDERSON, John, 133.

HENDERSON, Lydia, 133.

Henry, Hon. William, to Hon. Joseph
Reed, 122.

HESSELIUS, 367.

HESSELIUS, Andreas, 129, 130.

HESSELIUS, Caroline, 132, 133.

HESSELIUS, Charlotte, 132, 133.

HESSELIUS, Eliza Dulaney, 132, 133.

HESSELIUS, Elizabeth, 132.

HESSELIUS, Gustavus, 129, 130.

HESSELIUS, John, 132.

HESSELIUS, Lydia, 130, 133.

HESSELIUS, Mary, 132.

Index.

523

HESSELIUS, Mary Young, 132.

HESSELIUS, Rachel, 132.

HESSELIUS, Samuel, 130.

HESSELIUS, Sarah, 130, 133.

Hessellus, Andreas, commissioned to
preach Gospel to bwedes on the
Delaware, 129 ; marries Sarah Wall-
rave, 130 ; recalled to Sweden, 130.
Hesselius, Gustavus, The Earliest
Painter and Organ-Builder in Amer-
ica, 129; arrives in New Sweden,
129 ; removes to Maryland and re-
ceives order tor painting for church
of St. Barnabas, 130 ; removes to
Philadelphia, 131 ; in partnership
with John Winter pursues his voca-
tion, 131 ; religious convictions of,
131; paintings of, 130-132; builds
pipe organ for church at Bethlehem,
132 ; paintings of, in possession of
The Historical Society of Pennsyl-
vania, 132 ; extract from will of,
132.

Hesselius, Samuel, comes to America,
130.

HEWSON, Alice, 310.

HEWSON, Barbara, 311.

HEWSON, Elizabeth, 310, 311.

HEWSON, Mary, extract from will of,
310.

HEWSON, May, 311.

HEWSON, Thomas Tickell, 310, 311.

HEWSON, William, 310, 311.

HIGGINS, Samuel Carson, 310.

HIGGINS, Thomas, 310.

HILL, William, 98.

Hill, Henry, George Clymer to, 200.

Hil egas, Michael, Treasurer of the
United States, Selected Letters of,
232 ; Letter Book of, presented to
Historical Society of Pennsylvania,
232 ; to Frederick Kuhl, 232 ; to Sam-
uel Morris, 233 ; to Benjamin Frank-
lin, 233 ; opinion of, regarding de-
preciation of money, 233-235; to
H. R. Purvlance, 236 ; to George
Clinton, 236; to Henry Laurens,
236; to William McCreery, 238; to
John Hancock, 238; to Matthias
Slough, 239.

HINCHMAN, Anna, 268.

HINCHMAN, Joseph, 268.

Hinchman, Dr. Joseph, Surgeon of the
Privateer Prince George, Log of,
1757, by William M. Mervine, 268;
resident of Jamaica, 268 ; log of, in
possession of Mrs. Charles E. Noble,
268; wrecked off coast of Hayti,
268-273 ; taken prisoner, 273 ; ar-
rives at Kingston, 280.

HIND, Joseph, 98.

Hindman, William, to Dr. James Mc-
Henry, 327, 328.

Historical Society of Pennsylvania,
The, paintings by Pine in possession
of 2, 7 ; a list of some of the Eu-
ropean Magazines in Library of,
244 ; purchases Washington House-
hold account book, 1793-1797, 385;
Officers of, 513.

Historical Societies, Pennsylvania
Federation of, organization and offi-
cers of, 248.

HITCHINGS, Catherine, 96, 97.

HITCHINGS, Mary, 96, 97.

HITCHINGS, William, 96, 97.

HOARE, Samuel, 90, 91.

HODGSON, Elizabeth, 311.

HODGSON, Robert, 311.

HOETH, Caroline, 418.

HOETH, Catherine, 418.

HOETH, Mary, 418.

HOLMES, 217.

HOOPER, Margaret, 312.

HOPE, Henry, 31.

Hopkinson, Francis, portrait of, by
Pine, 7 ; to Washington, 7.

Hopkinson, Joseph, description of
Robert Edge Pine by, 9.

HORSE, Judith, W.

Household Account Book of Washing-
ton, 1793-1797, purchased by His-
torical Society of Pennsylvania, 385.

How the site of Carlisle, Cumberland
County, Penna., was purchased, 479.

HOWARD, William, 314.

Howell, Richard, to Dr. James Mc-
Henry, 327.

HUDSON, 339.

HUDSON, Barbara, '98.

HUDSON, James, 98

HUFFLY, Isaac, 98.

HUFFLY, Jane, 98.

HUMPHREY, Margaret, 315.

Hunloke, Thomas, 421.

HUNT, John, 319.

Hunt, John, exile in Virginia, 230.

HUNTER, 252.

Hutchinson, Charles Hare, 132.

HURLY, John. 208.

HYDE, Elizabeth, extract from will of,
97.

Indians, Two Petitions of Citizens of
Philadelphia County to the Gov-
ernor of the Province, for Protection
Against Incursions of, 1728, 228;
fac-similes of same, 228, 230; Rev.
John Martin Mack, missionary to,
343; Rev. John Martin Mack and

524

Index.

party hold council with, at Onon-
daga, 351-356; Conrad Weiser sent
to Onondaga to make peace with,
352 ; proposal to enlist, 359 ; Jasper
Yeates fears trouble with, 359-361 ;
Zeisberger holds council with, 346'-
349 ; expedition against, under Col.
John Armstrong, 410 ; affairs, 451-
456.

Ingraham, D., 308.

Irvine, Gen. William, Nicholas Oilman
to, 248.

ISAACS, Catherine, 418.

ISAACS, Eve, 418.

ISAACS, William, 418.

-, 476.

Jay, Col. -

JEFFRIES, Samuel, 97.

Jenifer, Daniel of St. Thomas to John
Hall, 198.

JENKINS, 217.

JESSON, Ann, 314.

JESSON, Robert, extract from will of,
314.

JOHN, Margaret, extract from will of,
315.

JOHN, William, 315.

JOHNSON, Charlotte, 133.

JOHNSON, Rebeca, 315.

JOHNSON, Thomas Jennings, 133.

Johnston, Col. Francis, sketch of, 361 ;
to Gen. Anthony Wayne, 361-363,
496.

JONES, 341, 342.

JONES, Thomas, 97, 315.

Jones, Dr. Edward, bill of, for cures,
111.

Jones, John Paul, Letters of, 1730,
334; to Robert Morris, 334; urges
reforms in the Navy, 334-335, 337.

Jordan, John W., Bishop J. C. F. Cam-
merhoff's narrative of a Journey
to Shamokin, Penna., in the Winter
of 1748, by, 160 ; Rev. John Martin
Mack's narrative of a visit to Onon-
daga in 1752, by, 343.

KEARSLEY, Ann, 99.

KEARSLEY, Dr. John, 99, 313.

KEARSLEY, Margaret, extract from
will of, 98.

KEARSLEY, Mary, 99.

KEEN, 116.

Kelley, William D., 47.

KELLY, Miss, 47.

KEMPTON, William, 316.

Kennan, William, 236.

KERLE, James, 91.

Kimball, Moses, proprietor of the Bos-
ton Museum, 10.

KINSEY, 373.

KIRWAN, Robert, 318.

Klttatinny Hills, 179.

Kucher, John Peter, sketch of, 163.

Kuhl, Frederick, Michael Hillegas to,

232 ; mentioned, 233.
Kuhn, Dr. Hartman, 19, 25.
KULILER, Christopher, 95, 96.
KULILER, William, 95.

Lacey, Capt. John, 477.

Lack of Civic Pride in Pennsylvania,
The, by James M. Swank, 44.

Lafayette, Marquis de, at Bunker's,
N. Y., 134 ; to Gen. Anthony Wayne,
372, 506; mentioned, 142.

LAKE, Ann, 98.

LAKE, Elizabeth. 98.

LAKE, William, 98.

LANGAKER, Anders, 134.

Langdon, John, to Fulwar Skipwith,
204.

Langhorne, Thomas, to Francis Dove
et al., 102.

Lansdowne, Country seat of John Penn,
71 ; site of, now occupied by Horti-
cultural Hall, 71.

Laurens, Henry, Michael Hillegas to,
236 ; mentioned, 6'3.

Lay, Benjamin, author of book against
slavery, 25.

LEA, Sarah, 318.

Leach, M. Atherton, Register of St.
Michael's Parish, Talbot County,
Md., 1672-1704, contributed by,
427.

LEAR, Susan, 377.

Lear, Tobias, 385.

LECKY, William, 310.

Lee, Gen. Charles, condemned by
Court Martial, 18, 20 ; opinion of
Dr. Rush regarding, 18, 20, 21.

Lee, Richard Henry, portrait of, by
Pine, 10 ; Letter to, from merchants
in London, 246.

Leinbach, Henry, 161, 169.

Leinbach's Creek, 169.

LEININGER, Barbara, 408.

LEININGER, John Conrad, 408.

LEININGER, Regina, 408.

LEININGER, Sabastian, 407, 408.

Leininger, Barbara, Marie Le Roy, and
narrative of, 1755-1759, translation
of, by Rev. Edmund de Schweinitz,
407.

LE ROY, Jean Jaques, 407.

LE ROY, Marie, 407.

Le Roy, Marie, and Barabara Lein-
inger, narrative of, 1755-1759, trans-

Index.

525

lation of, by Rev. Edmund de
Schweinitz, 407.

Letort's Spring, site of Carlisle, Penna.,
479.

Letters of Some Members of the Old
Congress, selected by J. C. Wylle,
191.

Lewis, John P., donates manuscripts,
to The Historical Society of Penn-
sylvania, 119.

Library Company of Philadelphia,
Franklin orders books for, 247.

LICK, John, 419.

LICK, Peter, 419.

LICK, William, 419.

Lidius, John, 356.

Lincoln, Abraham, ancestors of, resi-
dents of Pennsylvania, 46.

Lincoln, Gen. Benjamin, 62.

List of the Freeholders for the City
and County of Burlington, April,
1745, by Carlo* E. Godfrey, M. D.,
421.

Littlepage's Salutation, 23.

Liverpool, description of, by James H.
Watmough, 182-184.

LIVINGSTON, 221.

Livingston, Robert, R., 2.

Livingstone, Madam, Diary of, query
regarding, 508.

LLOYD, David, 90.

Lockrey, Charles, presents letter book
of Michael Hillegas to Historical
Society of Pennsylvania, 232.

Loesch, George, sends provisions
to missionaries at Shamokin, 163 ;
mentioned, 179.

Logan, Dr. George, 71.

Logan, James, son of Shikellmy, child
of, dies, 173 ; funeral rites of child
of, 173-174 ; wife of, interpreter for
Council at Shamokin, 174 ; men-
tioned, 172.

London, Broadsides and Issues on
Pennsylvania, 65 ; description of, by
James H. Watmough, 296-308.

LONGACRE, James B., 134.

Longacre, James B., extracts from the
diary of, 134 ; engravings of, 134 ;
with John Neagle goes to New
York and Boston 134 ; meets La-
fayette at Bunkers, N. Y., 134 ;
visits Gilbert Stuart's family, 140-
142 ; visits rooms of Mr. Alexander,
Mr. Mason, Miss Goodridge and
Miss Schetky, 140; makes draw-
ings of Samuel Adams, Timothy
Pickering and John Quincy Adams,
141, 142.

LORY, James, 420.

LORY, Mary, 420.
LOTT, Martha, 97.
LOTT, Thomas, 97.
LOTT, William, 97.

LOTT, Col. , 476.

LOVELL, Mehitable, 89, 90.
LOVELL, Michael, 89, 90.
LOVELL, William, 89.
Lukens, John, 72.
Luzerne, Chevalier de la, 23.
LXXX, letters signed by, 60, 61.
Lyken'a Valley, 178.

McClare, John, land of, purchased for
site of Carlisle, Penna., 480.

McCreery, William, Michael Hillegas
to, 237.

McCulla, Sergeant James, 471.

McDougal, Gen. Alexander, 494.

McElhatton, Corporal Alex, 471.

McGill, Corporal Nath., 471.

McHenry, Dr. James, Some Revolu-
tionary correspondence of, by Ber-
nard C. Steiner, 53 ; Benjamin Rush
to, 53, 58, 63 ; John Beatty to, 54,
55 ; John Cochran to, 57 ; LXXX
to, 6t), 61 ; Robert Troupe to, 62 ;
Some Corespondence of, by Bernard
C. Steiner, 326; Richard Howell to,
326 ; William Hindman to, 327, 328 ;
to Mrs. James L. Boyd, 329; de-
scribes Pittsburgh, 329.

McILWAINE, William, 312.

MACK, Jeannette, 172, "343, 358.

MACK, John Martin, 172, 343, 358.

Mack, Rev. John Martin, organizes
mission in Shamokin, 161 ; mission-
ary to the Indians, 171 ; sketch of,
171, 343 ; and wife return to Beth-
lehem with Bishop Cammerhoff, 178,
179 ; narrative of a visit to Onon-
daga in 1752, by John W. Jordan,
343 ; acompanies Moravian colony to
Georgia, 343, transferred to Penn-
sylvania, 343 ; one of the founders
of Bethlehem, 343 ; appointed to
mission among the Mohican Indians,
343 ; marries Jeanette Rau, 343 ;
transferred to mission at Pachgat-
gock, Conn., 343 ; accompanies Zeis-
berger and C. Godfrey Rundt to
Onondaga, 343 ; appointed to mis-
sion in Danish West Indies, 343 ;
consecrated Bishop, 1770, 343 ; ar-
rives at Onondaga, 351 ; holds coun-
cil with Indians, at Onondaga, 351-
356; sets out for Bethlehem, 357;
parts from Ziesberger and Rundt,
357 ; arrives at Bethlehem, 358,
mentioned, 172, 173, 176.

526

Index.

Mackay, Col. JEneas to Col. Wilson,

McKee, Capt. Thomas, house of, 168;
Indian trader, 169 ; military record
of, 169 ; mentioned, 170, 171, 178.

MacKenzie, Dr., 24, 25.

McKINN, 253.

Macungy, 161.

MADGE, Susanna, 96.

Mahanoy Creek, 169.

MAN, Edward, 90.

MANLY, Frances, 208.

MANLY, Mary, 208.

Mansfleld Township, Burlington Coun-
ty, list of Freeholders for 1745, 422.

Manuscripts 1650-1641, donated by
John F. Lewis to The Historical So-
ciety of Pennsylvania, 119.

Marchant, Sergeant James, 471.

MARKES, Anna, 89.

MARSHALL, 331-333.

Marshall, Jacob, extracts from Bible
belonging to, 331.

Marshall Family of Lewes, Delaware,
Genealogical Records of, 1737-1839,
Contributed by Rev. C. H. B. Turner,
331.

MARTIN, Joseph, 98.

MARTIN, Thomas, 316, 317.

Maryland, Talbot County, register of
St. Michael's Parish, 1672-1704,
contributed by M. Atherton Leach,
427.

MASON, Hugh, 96, 97.

MASON, Sissil, 96, 97.

Mathews, Corporal Richard, 471.

MATLACK, 222.

Maverick, P., 135, 136.

Mercer, Col. Hugh, 416, 417.

Mercer, John F., Samuel Chase to,
205.

Merchants of Philadelphia remove to
Germantown during Yellow Fever
Epidemic, 1798, 448.

MEREDITH, 380.

Mervine, William M., the log of Dr.
Joseph Hinchman, surgeon of the
Privateer Prince George, 1757, by,
268 ; mentioned, 111, 112.

METCALF, 339.

Mexatawny, 179.

MICHAEL, Margaret, 97.

Middlesex County, N. J.} extracts from
records of, 112.

MIFFLIN, John F., 94.

Mifflin, Gen. Thomas, 18, 20.

Military Parade, July 4, 1801, Notice
of, 489.

Miles, Lieut. Samuel, 417.

MINNICK, Christian, extract from
will of, 311.

MINNICK, Elizabeth, 312.

MINNICK, John, 312.

MINNICK, Joseph, 312.

MINNICK, Margaret, 312.

MINNICK, Mary Ann, 311.

MINNICK, Samuel, 312.

MINNING see MINNICK.

Minto, Dr. 24, 25.

Money, depreciation of, 233-235.

MONTOUR, Andrew, 167.

MONTOUR, Madam, 167.

Montour, Andrew, Count Zinzendorf
describes, 167.

MOORE, Dr. Thomas, 312, 313.

Moravians, missions of, 161, 343 ; col-
lections of Daily Texts issued by,
166 ; persecution of, 245 ; Franklin
advises military discipline among,
246.

Morgan, Dr. John, notice of, to Dr.
William Shippen, Jr., to attend tak-
ing of Depositions of Witnesses for
trial, 1779, 375; mentioned, 19, 64.

MORRIS, Jane, 96.

MORRIS, John, 96.

MORRIS, Margaret, 96'.

MORRIS, Mary, 96.

MORRIS, Robert, 96.

Morris, Israel W., contributes Letters
of Hon. Alexander Hamilton and
Rev. William Smith, D.D., to Hon.
James Wilson, 210.

Morris, Robert, builds house for Rob-
ert Edge Pine, 9 ; John Paul Jones
to, 334.

Morris, Samuel, Michael Hillegas to,
233 ; mentioned, 232.

Morris, Samuel C., 232, 233.

Morse, Samuel F. B., 135.

Mortimer, John Hamilton, pupil of
Robert Edge Pine, 3.

MORTON, John, 29.

MOSS, Frances, 89.

MUHLENBERG, family, 47.

MURGATROYD, Daniel, 208.

MURGATROYD, Elizabeth Gold, 208.

MURGATROYD, James Gold, 208.

MURGATROYD, Mary, 208.

MURGATROYD, Samuel, 208.

MURGATROYD, Sarah Philips, 208.

MURGATROYD, Thomas, 208.

MURPHY, Margaret, 95.

MURRAY, Henry, 92.

MURRAY, Jennett, 92.

Muster Roll of the Fourth Co., 1st
Battalion, 3d Regiment, Somerset
County, N. J., Militia, 1808, 373.

Myers. Albert Cook, 251.

Nancy's Run, 253.

Index.

527

Narrative of Marie Le Roy and Bar-
bara Leininger, for three years cap-
tives among the Indians, 1755-1759,
translation of, by Rev. Edmund de
Schwelnitz, 407.
Navy, John Paul Jones urges reforms

in, 334-335-337.
Nazareth Hall, sesqui-centennial of,

374.

Neagle, John, with James B. Long-
acre, visits New York and Boston,
134-142.
Neshannock, Penna., epitaphs from old

churchyard at, 370.
Neubert, Rev. Daniel, 162.
NEWBERRY, Hannah, 97.
NEWBERRY, Henry, 97.
NEWBERRY, Nathaniel, 90, 01.
NEWBERRY, Robert, 97.
New England Museum, 10.
New Hanover Township, Burlington
County, list of Freeholders for, 1745,
426.

New Jersey, North, Constables' Staves
distributed in, 1680, 111; extracts
from Records of Middlesex County,
112 ; Muster Roll of the 4th Co., 1st
Battalion, 3d Regiment, Somerset
County, 1808, 373.
New York Museum, 9, 10 ; occupation
of, 55, 56 ; route between Philadel-
phia and, 487.
NICHOLES, Samuel, 95, 96.
NICOLL, Ann. 313, 314.
NICOLL, Francis Carter, 313, 314.
NICOLL, Sarah, 314.

Nisbet, Dr. , 25.

Nitschmann, Anna, 161, 170, 178.
Nixon, Thomas, 224.
Noble, Mrs. Charles E.f Log of Dr
Joseph Hinchman in possession of
268.

Noble, Mungo, 56.

Northhampton Township, Burlington
County, list of Freeholders for, 1745
426.

Notes and queries, 102, 244, 359, 483
Nottingham Township, Burlington
County, list of Freeholders for, 1745
424.

Ogilvie, Rev. John, sketch of, 344.

Onondaga, Rev. John Martin Mack'
narrative of a visit to In 1752. by
John W. Jordan, 343 ; burned by th
French, 350 ; council held at, 351
356; Conrad Weisser sent to mak
treaty of peace with Indians, 352.

Outalaunee, 162.

Orderly Book Fourth Pennsylvania Bat

tallion, Col. Anthony Wayne, 1776, 470
Ormrod, J., Pean of Philadelphia by,
1801, 487.

aca, William, sketch of, 28.
'aoli and Brartdyioine, actions at, de-
scribed by a British officer, 368.
Parade, July 4, 1801, notice of, 489.
Parke, Dr. Thomas, 71, 72, 77, 150,

151, 155, 258, 261, 263.
PARNELL, Thomas, 314.
PASCHALL, 216, 217, 220.
PASCOE, Edward, 96.
PASCOE, Mary, 96, 97.
Patterson, Col. Samuel, 475, 477.
PAYNTER, 340. 341.
Peale, Charles Willson, extracts from

day book of. 377.
Peale, Rembrandt, 135.
PECK, Marie, 419.

Pemberton, John, genealogical notes of,
in Pennsylvania Pocket Almanack,
1767, 251.
PENN, Ann, Anne, 71, 93, 94.
PENN, John (the elder) extract from

will of, 93 ; mentioned, 71.
PENN, Richard, 71, 93.
PENN, William, 93.
Penn, Thomas, Richard Peters to, 460 ;
Thomas Cobkson to, regarding pur-
chase of the site of Carlisle, Penna.,
479 ; mentioned, 451-453, 460.
Pennsylvania, The Lack of Civic
Pride in, by James M. Swank, 44 ;
emigration to, 49-51 ; Some London
Broadsides and Issues on, 65 ;
Gleanings in England, by Lothrop
Withington, 89, 207, 310 ; scales for
the Proprietor of, 111 ; Richard Tea
to the Council of Safety of, 112;
Constitution of, disapproved of by
Joseph Reed, 224 ; Federation of
Historical Societies, organization
and officers of, 248 ; William Ham-
ilton gives ground at Lancaster for
Legislature of, 266; Orderly Book
of Fourth Battalion, 1776, Col An-
thony Wayne, 470.
Pennsylvania, a poem ; Who was the

author? and reply to same, 123.
PENROSE, Col. Joseph, 312.
PERSONS, John, 91.
PESSIFER, Joseph, 98.
PESSIFER, Sarah, 98.
Peters, Richard, to Conrad Weiser,
451, 452, 455 ; Samuel Auchmuty to,
456 ; Rev. William Smith to, 457 ; to
Thomas Penn, 460.

Peters, William, Robert Tuite to, 454.
Peters Papers in the Library of The

528

Index.

Historical Society of Pennsylvania,
Some Selections from, by J. C.
Wylie, 451.

PETTIT, 252.

Philadelphia, occupation of, by the
British, 231, 233; Rev. William
Smith writes to Richard Peters re-
garding appointments in Academy of,
457-459 ; Scull and Heap's map of
463-465; Plan of, 1801, by J. Orm-
rod, 487 ; Stage Route between New
York and, 487 ; Chestnut Street
property for sale, 1814, 488 ; mer-
chants of, remove to Germantown
during Yellow Fever epidemic, 1798,
488.

Philadelphia County, Two Petitions of
Citizens of, to the Governor of the
Province for Protection against In-
dian Incursions, 1728, 228 ; fac-
similes of same, 228, 230.

Phillips, Gen. William, Lord Stirling
to 56 ; mentioned, 62.

Pickering, Henry, 135, 136, 139.

Pickering, Col. Timothy, James B.
Longacre makes drawing of, from
Stuart, 141.

PIKE, Katherine, 89.

PIKE, Richard, extract from will of,
90.

PINE, John, 3.

PINE, Robert Edge, 2.

Pine, John, engravings by, 3.

Pine, Robert Edge, The Congress Vot-
ing Independence by, 2 ; birthplace
of, 2 ; father of, 3 ; paintings by, 3-
14 ; John Hamilton Mortimer, pupil
of, 3 ; removes to Bath, 4 ; returns to
London, 4 ; comes to Philadelphia,
4 ; to Samuel and John Vaughan,
4, 5 ; pictures by, on exhibition at
the State House, 6; Allegorical Pic-
ture of America by, 4, 6 ; engrav-
ing of same by Streett and Doolittle,
6, 7 ; portrait of Francis Hopkinson
by, 7 ; paintings by, in The Histori-
cal Society of Pennsylvania, 7 ; por-
traits of Washington by, 8, 9 ; Rob-
ert Morris builds house for, 9 ; death
of, 9 ; description of by Joseph Hop-
kinson, 9 ; disposition of portraits
of, 9.

Pittsburgh, second city in Pennsylva-
nia, 48 ; Dr. James McHenry de-
scribes, 330.

PLANTA, Joseph, 312.

PLATTS, 115, 116.

Platts, Jonathan, family records in
Bible of, 115.

PONDOLONE, Catherine, 99.

PORTER, Jane, 95.

PORTER, Sarah, 133.

PORTER, Thomas, 98.

PORTER, Walter, 133.

Post, Christian Frederick, taken pris-
oner at Canajoharie, 344 ; men-
tioned, 161, 412.

POWELL, Col. 98.

Powell, Joseph, sets out with Bishop
Cammerhoff to Shamokin, 161 ; sent
to Shamokin, 175, 176; mentioned,
161, 162, 167-170, 174, 177.

Powell's Creek, 166.

Prescott, Gen. Oliver, 494.

PRESTON, Hannah, 209.

PRESTON, Margaret, 209.

PRESTON, Samuel, 209.

PRICE, Elizabeth, 132.

PRICE, Samuel, 132.

PRICE, Susannah, 99.

PRICE, William, 97.

PRICE, Mrs. William, 97.

Priestley, Dr. Joseph, 226.

PRINGLE, Sir John, 311.

Pringle, John, 27.

Prisoners of War, Michael Hillegas
writes to Matthias Slough regard-
ing, 239.

Proud, Robert, account of Battle of
Germantown by, 114 ; letter of, 1778,
229; to William Proud, 229; opin-
ion of, of trade in Philadelphia, 229,
231.

Proud, William, Robert Proud to, 229.

Public Records, Department of, at
Pennsylvania State Library, 228.

Purviance, H. R., Michael Hillegas to,
235.

Putnam, Maj. Gen. Israel, 477, 495.

Pyrlaeus, John Christopher, 161, 132,
347.

Quaker, The, a drama in one act, by
August von Kotzebue, translated by
Amelia M. Gummere, 439.

Quincy, Josiah, opinion of Savage's
portrait of Washington, 13.

RABLY, John, 93.
RABLY, Mary, 93.
RABLY, William, extract from will

of, 93.
Ramsay, Dr. David, Benjamin Rush to,

18, Dr. Rush dines with, 23.
RAMSEY, Elizabeth, 100.

Ramson, Col. , 476.

RANDALL, Robert, 98.
Randall, Samuel J., 47.
RAU, Jeannette, 172, 343, 358.
RAU, John, 343, 358.

Index.

529

Rauch, Christian H., 161.

RAYNER, Mary, 314.

RAYNER, Robert, 314.

RAYNER, Mrs. , 314.

Read, Thomas Buchanan, 47.

Redman, Dr. John, 19.

Reed, Joseph, 31.

REED, Maria, 31.

Reed, Hon. Joseph, Hon. William
Henry to, 122 ; disapproves of
the Constitution of Pennsylvania,
224.

REEVE, Susan, 317.

REEVE, William, 317.

REID, David, 94.

REID, George, 94.

REID, Peter, extract from will of, 94.

Richardson, Joseph, excerpts from day
book of, 121.

RITTENHOUSE, genealogical note,
503.

Rittenhouse, David, 23.

ROBERTS, 341.

ROBERTS, Blanch, 99.

Robertson, Gen. James to Gen. Haldl-
mand, 501.

ROBSON, Sarah, 95.

ROE, 116.

ROGERS, Betty, 418.

ROWE, William, 96.

ROWLAND, 340.

RUNDLE, Daniel, extract from will of,
207.

RUNDLE, George, 207, 208.

RUNDLE, Richard, 207, 208.

RUNDLE, William, 207.

RUNDLE, Mary, 207, 208.

Rundt, C. Godfrey, accompanies John
Martin Mack to Onondaga, 343 ;
mentioned, 355, 357, 358.

Rupp, George P., 109.

Rush, Dr. Benjamin, excerpts from
the papers of, 15 ; to Mrs. Adams,
15; writes regarding the victory of
the colonies, 15 ; opinion of, of the
capture of Burgoyne, 16 ; resigns as
Physician General to the army, 16;
returns to Philadelphia and de-
scribes state of the city, 16; to
John Adams, 17, 22 ; views of re-
garding the military and political
situation, 17, 19, 21-22, 23 ; opin-
ion of Washington, 17-18, 20 ; to Dr.
David Ramsay, 18; suffers from at-
tack of bilious fever, 19 ; opinion of
trial of Gen. Lee, 18, 20, 21 ; to Rev.
William Gordon, 21 ; fears power of

Whigs, 21 ; conversations of, with
Dr. Franklin, 23 ; to Dr. James Mc-
Henry, 53, 58, 63; writes to Dr.
McHenry in praise of Dr. James
Flnley, 53 ; regarding his own re-
tirement, 54 ; concerning state of
finances, 58, 63 ; condemns action of
Congress in regard to money, 58, 63 ;
to John Dickinson,224-227 ;urges John
Dickinson to recall note acknow-
ledging mistake in Constitution of
Pennsylvania, 224 ; mentioned, 47, 53.
Rutter, George, and the Hamilton
Family portraits, 505.

St. Michael's Parish, Talbot County,
Md., register of, 1672-1704, contrib-
uted by M. Atherton Leach,427.

SATTERTHWAITE, Miles, 311.

SAVAGE, Edward, 13.

SAVAGE, John, 14.

Savage, Edward, The Congress Vot-
ing Independence by Pine, finished
by 2, 12; birth and death of, 13;
bears letter from President Willard
to Washington, requesting his por-
trait for Harvard University, 13;
paints portrait of Washington, 13 ;
engravings by, 14 ; employs David Ed-
win as engraver, 83 ; mentioned, 9, 250.

Savage and Bowen purchase some of
Pine's pictures, 9.

Savannah, attack on, described by
Robert Troupe, 62.

SAY, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222,
223.

Say, Thomas, genealogical records
from Bible of, 216.

Scales for the Proprietor of Pennsyl-
vania, 111.

Schaefer, Michael, 162.

Schenectady , 358.

Schmidt, Anton, appinted blacksmith
at Shamokin, 161 164 ; mentioned,
166, 171, 172, 175, 177.

SCHUYLER, Gertrude, 53.

Schuykill River, 162.

Schweinltz, de, Rev. Edmund, transla-
tion of The Narrative of Marie Le
Roy and Barbara Leininger, 1755-
1759, by, 407.

Scull, Nicholas and John Heap, map
of Philadelphia by, 463-465.

SEASANCKE, Elizabeth, 313.

SEASANCKE, John, extract from will
of, 313.

SEASANCKE, Mary, 313, 314.

SEASANCKE, Sarah, 313, 314.

Seidel, Bishop Nathaniel to Benjamin
Franklin, 245; Benjamin Franklin

530

Index.

to, 246; mentioned, 353, 354.
SEIPPART, Catharine, 418.
SEIFPART, Elizabeth, 418
SEIFFART, George, 418.
SEIFFART, Henry, 418.
SEIFFART, Maria, 418.
SERGEANT, John, 31.
SERGEANT, Margaretta, 31.
Seward, William, companion of George
Whitefleld, causes Dancing School
Assembly and Concert Room to be
closed, 241, 242 ; mentioned, 240.
Seyffert, Anton, 347.
Seymour, Ashbel, to Josiah Willard,
373 ; describes battle of Bunker Hill,
373.

Shamokin, Bishop, J. C. F. Cammer-
hoff's narrative of a visit to, 1748,
160 ; most important Indian town in
Province, 160 ; Indian mission at,
161 ; Zinzendorf and others visit,
161 ; Bishop Cammerhoff and Jos-
eph Powell arrive at, 172; hold
council with Shikellmy at, 174-
178.

Shamokin Creek, 170.

Sharpe, Rev. John, to Hon. George
Clarke, 506.

Sharswood, George, 47.

SHEPPARD, 116.

Shikellmy, intercourse of Moravians
with, 161 ; Bishop Cammerhoff and
party visit, 174 ; attends council in
Shamokin, 174 ; address of, at
same, 175-177; mentioned, 172, 173,
178.

SHIPPEN, Edward, 209.

SHIPPEN, Elizabeth, 209.

Shippen, Dr. William, Dr. John Mor-
gan's notice to, to attend Taking of
Depositions of Witnesses for trial,
1779, 375; mentioned, 53, 63.

SHOEMAKER, Abraham, 311.

SHOMO, John 506.

SHUTE, Barnabas, 100.

SILVER, John 89.

SIMPSON, Hannah, 47.

Sinclair, Adjt. , 475.

Singlar, Adjt. , 473.

Skipwith, Fulwar, John Langdon to,
204.

Slade, William, 261, 262, 263.

Slough, Matthias, Michael Hillegas to,
239.

Smibert, John, 130.

SMITH, Jane, 98.

SMITH, Joshua Simmons, 316.

SMITH, Mary Simmons, 316.

SMITH, Sarah Simmons, 316.

SMITH, Rachel, 132.

SMITH, Rebecca, 99.
SMITH, Dr. William, 93, 314.

Smith, , 62.

Smith, Benjamin H., Some Letters
from William Hamilton, of the
Woodlands, to his Private Secretary
by, 70, 143, 257.

Smith, Dr. William, David Edwin en-
graves portrait of, 85 ; letters of
Hon Alexander Hamilton and, to
Hon. James Wilson, contributed by
Israel W. Morris, 210; views of, on
candidacy of Washington and Adams,
212-215; to Richard Peters, regard-
ing appointments in the Academy
of Philadelphia, 457-459.

SNEAD, Mary, 209.

Spangenberg, Bishop A. G., 170, 346,
353, 354.

Spangenberg Hill, 170, 178.

SPEIGHT, William, 98.

Spread Eagle, 178.

Springfield Township, Burlington
County, list of Freeholders for 1745,
422.

SPROGELL, 218, 219.

Stage Route between Philadelphia and
New York, 487.

STANTON, Hannah, 97.

STANTON, Sarah, 97.

STANTON, Susan, 97.

Stark, Col. John, 475, 476.

Starr, Moses, 162.

State House, Phiadelphia, pictures
by Robert Edge Pine, on exhibition
in, 6.

Steiner, Bernard C., Some Revolution-
ary Correspondence of Dr. James
McHenry, by, 53.

Some Correspondence of Dr. James
McHenry, by, 53.

Stirling, William Alexander, Lord, to
Maj. Gen. Phillips, 56; Abraham
Clark to, 193.

Stockton, Richard, 25.

Stoddard, Elisha, letter of, 1776, 374.

STONE, William, extract from will of,
95 ; mentioned, 96.

STONIER, Benjamin, 99.

Stony Creek, 165.

Strahan, William, Benjamin Frank-
lin to 247.

STRONGMAN, Rachel, 90.

Stroud, Mrs. Morris W., 249.

Strutt, Joseph, engraves Pine's Allegor-
ical picture of America, 6.

STUART, John, 318.

Stuart, Gilbert, portraits of, engraved
by David Edwin, 80, 84-86, 88; an-
ecdotes of, 84-86; Lansdowne, por-

Index.

531

trait of Washington by, 139-140;

James B. Longacre and John Neagle

visit, 139-142.
SURMAN, John, 317.
Suaquehanna River, 165, 166, 167.
SVEDBORG, Emmanuel, 130.
SVEDBORG, Jasper, 130.
Swank, James M., The Lack of Civic

Pride in Pennsylvania, by 44.
Bwatara River, 179.
SWIFT, Joseph, 92.

Taloot County, Md., register of St.
Michael's Parish, 1672-1704, contrib-
uted by M. Atherton Leach, 427.

TASK, 123.

TATHAM, James, 314.

TAYLOR, Mary, 420.

Taylor, Bayard, 47.

Taylor, Capt. James, 471.

Tea, Richard, to the Council of Safety,
of Pennsylvania, 112.

Thayer, John B., the Early years of
the University Barge Club of Phila-
delphia, by, 282.

Thibou, Dr., 26.

THOMAS, Gabriell, 209.

THOMAS, James, extract from will of,
208 ; mentioned, 209.

THOMAS, Mary, 89, 97.

THOMAS, MICAH, 208.

Thomas, Gov. George, to Conrad Weis-
er, 452.

Thomson, Charles, suppressed report
of announcement to Congress of
birth of Dauphin of France, 1782.
497 ; portrait of, by Pine, 10 ; men-
tioned, 2.

Thiirnstein, Baron, see Zinzendorf,
165.

Thiirnstein Mountain, 165, 178, 179.

TICKELL, Mary, 310.

Tilghman, Teuch, 47.

Torrey, Lieut. William, extracts from
Orderly Books of, contributed by
Major A. A. Folsom, 117.

Trinity College, Dublin, 40.

Troupe, Robert, military services of,
53 ; to Dr. James McHenry, 6"2 ;
describes attack on Savannah, 62.

Trumbull, John, description of paint-
Ing, " Declaration of Independence,"
by, 1, 2 ; same compared with "The
Congress Voting Independence," 2 ;
declines to purchase The Congress
Voting Independence, 13 ; mentioned,
1. 13.

Trumbull, Jonathan, 135.

Tucker's Pottery, Philadelphia, 493.

Tulte, Robert, to William Peters, 454

Tulpehoclcen, 162.

Turner, Rev. C. H. B., Genealogical
Records of the Marshall Family of
Lewes, Delaware, 1737-1839, con-
tributed by, 331 ; Delaware Bible
Records, contributed by, 467.

TURPIN, Samuel, 90.

TYLER, William, 91.

UNANDER, Rev. Erick, 131.

Uniontown, Penna., 330.

University Barge Club of Philadelphia,

Early Years of, by John B. Thayer,

282.
University of Pennsylvania, Alumni

Catalogue of, 379.

VALNER, Margaret, 312.

Valow, Corporal William, 471.

VAUGHAN, Catherine, 96.

VAUGHAN, David, extract from will
of, 96; mentioned, 96, 97.

VAUGHAN, Edward, 97.

VAUGHAN, Thomas, 96.

VAUGHAN, William, 96.

Vaughan, John, Robert Edge Pine to,
regarding disposal of his prints, 4.

Vaughan, Gen. Sir John, 56.

Vaughan, Samuel, Robert Edge Pine
to, regarding disposition of his por-
traits, 5.

VEAL, 116.

VILLARS, Mary Ann, 419.

VINE, Jeremie, 90.

VINING, John, 100.

Von Kotzebue, August, The Quaker:
A drama in one act, by, translated
by Amelia M. Gummere, 439 ; sketch
of, 439.

WADE, Edmund, 317, 318.

WADE, Elizabeth, 95.

WADE, Farrett, 95.

WADE, Francis, 95.

WADE, Mathew, 95.

WADE, Michael, 95.

WADE, Thomas, 95, 318.

WADE, William, extract from will of,

317.

WALDECK, John, 98.
WALDIE, Elizabeth, 92.
WALDIE, Peter, 92.

Walker, Adjt. , 473, 477.

Wall, , 136.

Wallace, Ensign John, 471.
WALLRAVE, Sarah, 130.
WAMPOL, Isaac, 92.
WARREN, Mary, 95.
WARREN, William, 95.
WASHINGTON, query regarding, 507.
Washington, George, Francis Hopkin-

532

Index.

son to, 7 ; portraits of, by Pine, 8,
9 ; sits to Savage for portrait for
Harvard University, 13 ; Savage en-
graves portraits of, 14 ; opinion of
Benjamin Rush regarding, 17-18, 20 ;
accuser of Gen. Lee, 18 ; Lansdowne
portrait of, by Gilbert Stuart, for
William Bingham, 139-140; views
of Alexander Hamilton and Rev.
William Smith on candidacy of, 210-
215 ; to Gen. Anthony Wayne, 249 ;
Gen. Anthony Wayne to, 371 ;
Household account book of, 1793-
1797, 385.

WATMOUGH, Edmund, 31.

WATMOUGH, James Horatio, 31.

WATMOUGH, John G., 31.

WATMOUGH, Margaretta, 31.

WATMOUGH, Maria, 31.

WATMOUGH, Marie Ellis, 31.

Watmough, James H., Letters of to his
wife, 1785, by James H. Watmough,
U. S. N., 31, 180, 296 ; sketch of, 31 ;
arrives at Cove and Cork, 31; de-
scribes same, 32-37 ; leaves Cork,
37 ; describes country between Cork
and Dublin, 37-39 ; arrives In Dub-
lin, 40; describes same, 40-42;
leaves Dublin, 43 ; describes London,
296-308 ; describes Belfast, 180-182 ;
describes Liverpool, 182-184 ; de-
scribes Chester, 185, 186; arrives
In London, 188.

Watmough, James H., U. S. N., con-
tributes letters of James H. Wat-
mough to his wife, 1785, 31 ; 180,
296.

WATSON, Col. Henry, 98.

Watteville, Bishop von, 353.

Wayne, Gen. Anthony, Washington to,
249 ; Col. Francis Johnston to, 561,
362, 496; to Washington, 371;
Lafayette to, 372 ; abstract of manu-
mission of a negro slave of, 1792,
376; letter of, requesting furlough,
376; orderly book of, Fourth Penn-
sylvania Battalion, 1776, 470 ; head-
quarters of, at Marcus Hook, 470-
472; headquarters of, at New York,
472-478; to Lafayette, 506; men-
tioned, 29.

WEBB, Samuel, 318.

Webb, Col. S. B., 475

WEISER, Conrad, 344.

Weiser, Conrad, sent to Onondaga to
make treaty with Indians, 352 ;
Richard Peters to, 451, 452, 455;
Gov. George Thomas to, 452 ; men-
tioned, 161.

Weiser, Capt. Philip, 417.

WEISER, Samuel, 344.

Weisser, Samuel, 358.

WEISSMAN, John, 418.

Wellinborough Township, Burlington
County, list of Freeholders for 1745,
425.

WERTMULLER, Adolf Ulric, 133.

WERTMULLER, Lydia, 133.

WEST, William, 101.

WHARTON, Mary, 132.

WHARTON, Rachel, 209.

WHARTON, Thomas, 209.

Wharton, Thomas, John Alsop to, 494.

Whigs, Dr. Rush fears power of, 21.

Whipple,, William, 2. »

White, Rev. William, ordination of,
306.

Whitefield, George, preaching of, In
Philadelphia causes Dancing Assem-
bly to be closed, 240-242; In New
York, 457.

WICKOFF, Ann, 100.

WICKOFF, Henry, 100, 101.

WICKOFF, Isaac, 101.

WICKOFF, Jacob, 100.

WICKOFF, Martha, 100, 101.

WICKOFF, Peter, 101.

WICKOFF, William, 100.

WIGGENTON, George, 91.

Wilkes, John, portrait of, by Pine, 3.

Wilkie, Peter, land of, purchased for
site of Carlisle, Penna., 479, 480.

Willard, President of Harvard re-
quests Washington's portrait for
University, 13.

Willard, Dr. De Forest presents let-
ters to Historical Society of Penn-
sylvania, 373, 374.

Willard, Josiah, Ashbel Seymour to,
373.

Wlllcocks, , 478.

WILLIAMS, Elizabeth, 209.

WILLIAMS, Jonathan, Jr., 311.

WILLIAMS, Mary, 209.

WILLIAMS, Rachell, 209.

WTELLING, Benjamin, 98.

Willing, Thomas, to John Dickinson,
224 ; mentioned, 2.

WILSON, 219, 220, 221, 341.

Wilson, Col. 2Eneas Mackay to, 369.

Wilson, James, letters of Hon. Alex-
ander Hamilton and Rev. William
Smith, D.D., to, contributed by
Israel W. Morris, 210; Hon. Jas-
per Yeates to, 359, 360 ; mentioned,
47.

WILTBANK, 339-342.

Wiltbank Family record, from Bible
In St. Peter's Church, Lewes, Del.,
339.

Index.

533

WINLOW, William, 317.

Wisconisco River, 167.

Withington, Lothrop, Pennsylvania
Gleanings in England by, 89, 207,
310.

WOLFE, 340.

WOOD, Sally, 419.

WOODLAND, Elizabeth, 91.

Woodlands, residence of William Ham-
ilton, famous for variety of plants
and landscape gardening, 70, 71.

Worrilaw, Mary and Joseph Baker, ab-
stract of marriage certificate of,
115.

WOVS, 331.

WRIGHT, Mary, 95.

Wylie, J. C., letters of some members
of the Ora Congress, selected by
191 ; some selections from the Peters
papers in the library of The Histori-
cal Society of Pennsylvania, by, 451.
ft

YEALDALL, Hetty, 97.

Yeates, Jasper, Robert Boyd to, 113;
fears trouble with Indians, 359-361 ;
to James Wilson, 359, 360; men-
tioned, 152, 257, 261.

Yellow Fever epidemic, 1798, mer-
chants of Philadelphia remove to
Germantown during, 488.

YOUNG, Mary, 132.

YOUNG, 378.

Zeisberger, David, accompanies John
Martin Mack to Onondaga, 343;
taken prisoner at Canajoharie, 344 ;
holds council with Indians, 346-
349; mentioned, 161, 345, 350-353,
356-358.

Zinzendorf, Count, and others visit
Shamokin, 161 ; translation of a
letter from Bishop Cammerhoff to,
161-179 ; entertains Caxhayton, 165 ;
also Baron ThUrnstein, 165 ; men-
tioned, 170, 343, 353, 451-454.

F The Pennsylvania magazine

146 of history and biography

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