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I 


. 


ROYAL  CANADIAN  INSTITUTE 


OK 


HISWRY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 


VoL  XXXIV. 


PHILADELPHIA! 
PUBLICATION   FUND  OF 

THE  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA, 

No.  1300  LOCUST  STREET. 
1910. 


1  ;- 


.M 


CONTENTS  OF  VOLUME  XXXIV. 


PAGE 

Muster  Kolls  of  Three  Troops  of  Loyalist  Light  Dragoons  raised 

in  Pennsylvania,  1777-1778.     By  Dr.  Carlos  E.  Godfrey.     .         1 
Letters  of  Dr.  John  McKinly  to  his  Wife,  while  a  Prisoner  of  War, 

1777-1778.     By  Mary  T.  Evans.          .         .         .         .         .         9 

Orderly  Book  of  Gen.  John  Peter  Gabriel  Muhlenberg,  March  26- 

December  20,  1777.     (Continued.)        .         .         21,  166,  336,  438 
Selections  from  the  Letter-books  of  Thomas  Wharton,  of  Philadel- 
phia, 1773-1783.     (Concluded.) 41 

Letters  of  Eobert  Proud,  the  Historian,  1777-1778.    ...       62 
East   Vincent  Township,  Chester  County,  Pennsylvania.    By  Fred- 
erick Sheeder.     (Continued.)          ....         74,  194,  361 
Kecord  of  Servants  and  Apprentices  Bound  and  Assigned  before 
Hon.   John   Gibson,   Mayor   of  Philadelphia,  December   5, 
1772-May21,  1773.     (Continued.)       ....        99,213 

Notes  and  Queries 122,  233,  484 

Book  Notices.    .  .         .         ....       124,  255,  500 

The  Struggle  and  Eise  of  Popular  Power  in  Pennsylvania's  First 

Two  Decades  (1682-1701).     By  H.  Frank  Eshleman,  Esq.     .     129 
"  Hail  Columbia"  and  Its  First  Publication.     A  Critical  Inquiry. 

By  Charles  Henry  Hart.       .          .         .         .         .         .         .162 

Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  England.     By  Lothrop  Withington.     .     190 
From  Brandywine  to  Philadelphia.      ......     229 

Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building  of  the  Historical 

Society  of  Pennsylvania,  April  6-7,  1910 257 

Thomas  Sully' s  Register  of  Portraits,  1801-1871.         .         .         .381 
Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry.     By  Stan.  V.  Henkels.     385 

(iii) 


iv  Contents  of  Volume  XXXIV. 

PAGE 

Autobiographical  Sketch  of  the  Life  of  Gen.  John  Burrows,  of 

Ly coming  Co.,  Penna.          .         .         .         .         .         .         .419 

Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  Ireland.     By  Lothrop  Withington.        .  478 
Sketch  of  Col.  Ephraim  Martin,  of  the  New  Jersey  Continental 

Line.           ..........  480 

Officers  of  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.        .         .  507 

Index.                 .  511 


THE 

PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE 

OF 

HISTORY  AND   BIOGRAPHY. 

VOL.  XXXIV.  1910.  No.  1 

MUSTEK   BOLLS   OF   THEEE   TKOOPS   OF   LOYALIST 
LIGHT  DEAGOONS   KAISED   IN  PENNSYL- 
VANIA 1777-1778. 

BY  DR.  CARLOS  E.  GODFREY,  TRENTON,  N.  J. 

While  the  British  were  in  possession  of  the  city  of  Phila- 
delphia we  find  from  Howe's  Narrative  that,  aside  from 
certain  provincial  corps  raised,  they  obtained  but  "  three 
troops  of  light  dragoons,  consisting  of  one  hundred  and 
thirty-two  troopers,  and  one  hundred  and  seventy-four  real 
volunteers  from  Jersey,  under  Colonel  Vandyke."  From 
this  obscure  statement  military  writers  have  uniformly  re- 
garded these  troops  as  a  legionary  corps  under  the  com- 
mand of  Colonel  Vandyke.  The  exceptional  facilities 
afforded  me  in  my  research  among  the  original  muster  rolls 
of  the  British  Provincials  show  that  the  "  three  troops  of 
light  dragoons  "  were  independent  organizations  raised  in 
Pennsylvania.  The  "real  volunteers"  were  recruited  exclu- 
sively in  the  lower  counties  of  New  Jersey  and  known  as 
the  West  Jersey  Volunteers,  who  were  commanded  by 
Lieutenant  Colonel  John  Vandyke  of  Somerset  County, 
New  Jersey.  A  brief  sketch  of  these  cavalry  troops  will  be 
of  interest. 

The  First  Troop  of  Philadelphia  Light  Dragoons  was 
raised  by  Captain  Eichard  Hovenden  in  Philadelphia  in 
VOL.  xxxiv. — 1 


2  Loyalist  Muster  Rolls,  1777-1778. 

November  and  December,  1777,   and  there  mustered  into 
the  British  service  January  8,  1778. 

Captain  Jacob  James's  Troop  of  Light  Dragoons  was  re- 
cruited by  him  in  Chester  County  in  January,  1778,  and  mus- 
tered at  Philadelphia  on  the  fifth  of  the  following  month- 
the  officers  being  commissioned  January  1,  1778. 

The  Bucks  County  Light  Dragoons  was  recruited  in 
Bucks  County  by  Captain  Thomas  Sandford  and  mustered 
into  the  service  of  the  crown  at  Philadelphia  on  April 
24,  1778 — the  commissions  of  the  officers  being  dated  on 
April  1,  1778. 

It  is  apparent  from  original  manuscripts  that  these  troops 
were  organized  into  a  squadron  in  May,  1778,  under  the 
command  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Watson,  which  formation 
was  ostensibly  retained  until  April  24,  1779.  The  service 
of  this  officer,  or  his  Christian  name,  I  have  been  unable  to 
ascertain.  The  staff  was  made  up  by  the  appointment  of 
Rev.  John  McCloud  as  chaplain  on  May  2,  1778  to  date 
January  1  of  the  same  year;  and  on  June  I,  1778,  the  ap- 
pointment of  Dr.  John  Neal,  surgeon's  mate  to  the  Six- 
teenth Dragoons,  as  surgeon,  was  also  announced  in  the 
general  orders  of  the  commander-in-chief. 

On  August  15  and  September  7,  1778,  the  troops  of  Cap- 
tains Hovenden  and  James,  respectively,  were  attached  to 
the  British  Legion  then  stationed  at  Kingsbridge,  New 
York.  The  25th  of  the  following  April  Captain  San dford's 
troop  was  attached  to  the  Queen's  Rangers  on  Long  Island, 
and  afterwards  transferred  in  South  Carolina  to  the  British 
Legion  on  October  25,  1780.  With  their  respective  com- 
mands these  troops  of  cavalry  sailed  from  New  York 
December  26,  1779,  with  Sir  Henry  Clinton's  expedition 
for  the  invasion  of  the  South,  where  they  participated  in  the 
siege  of  Charleston  and  the  battle  of  Camden.  Under  the 
command  of  that  intrepid  and  dashing  cavalry  leader, 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Banestre  Tarleton,  they  were  subse- 
quently engaged  in  all  the  battles  and  skirmishes  that  the 
British  Legion  took  part,  including  the  battles  of  Cowpens 


Loyalist  Muster  Rolls,  11 77 '-11 '? '8.  3 

and  [Ghiilford  Court-House,  until  they  were  surrendered 
prisoners  of  war  by  Cornwallis  at  Yorktown  on  October  19, 
1781.  They  were  shortly  after  released  on  parole,  and  last 
mustered  with  the  British  Legion  April  24,  1783,  at  Hunt- 
ington,  Long  Island,  when  the  majority  of  them  was  trans- 
ported to  and  settled  in  the  maritime  provinces  of  Canada. 

MUSTER  ROLL  OF  YK  TROOP  OF  PHILADELPHIA  LIGHT  DRAGOONS 
COMMANDED  BY  RICHARD  HOOVENDEN  CAPT  TAKEN  AT  PHIL- 
ADELPHIA 10th  JANUARY  1778. 

Captain. 
Richard  Hoovenden,  com.  7  Nov.  1777. 

Lieutenant. 
Samuel  Chapman,  com.  7  Nov.  1777. 

Corn*  &  Adju*. 
Richard  M°Nally,  com.  23  Nov.  1777. 

Quaf  Master. 
Thomas  Walbank,  com.  7  Nov.  1777. 

Sergeants. 

1.  John  Tuck,  enlistd    7  Nov. 

2.  Henry  Rush,     "      12  Nov. 

Corporals. 

1.  Charles  Steward,  enlistd  10  Nov. 

2.  Patrick  Wade,         "        1    Dec. 

3.  Thomas  Royle,        "        19  Nov. 

Trumpeter. 
Francis  Miles  "        23  Nov. 

Privates. 

Daniel  Williams,  7  Nov.  Thomas  Certain,          27  Dec. 

Frederick  Myers,  7  Nov.  David  Grew,                27  Dec. 

Robert  Colley,  7  Nov.  William  Dullaven,       3  Jany  '78 

William  Allis,  8  Nov.  Patrick  Connelly,          3  Jany  '78 

William  McCollestor,  8  Nov.  Thomas   Martin,   7   Nov.  '77  dis- 

George  Givens,  8  Nov.                  chg'd  by  Sr  W  Erskine  8  Jany. 


Loyalist  Muster  Rolls,  1777-1778. 


Privates  (continued). 


John  Cavender, 
Joseph  Ozburn, 
John  Burns, 
James  Anderson, 
Daniel  McClain, 
Rober*  Welch, 
James  M°Dowell, 
Thomas  Benderman, 
Patrick  Coleman, 
Chris1  Long, 
Michael  Malone, 
William  Sheehorn, 
Martin  Cartey, 
Michael  Gould, 
Peter  Van  ness, 
Mordica  Roberts, 
John  Dun, 
Morgan  Lahey, 
Israel  Worton, 
Thomas  Stone, 
William  Gray, 
Thomas  Williams, 
John  Williams, 
Andrew  Scott, 


8  Nov. 
10  Nov. 
10  Nov. 
16  Nov. 

19  Nov. 

20  Nov. 

24  Nov. 

25  Nov. 

26  Nov. 
26  Nov. 
26  Nov. 
26  Nov. 
28  Nov. 

1  Dec. 
]  Dec. 
1  Dec. 

9  Dec. 
9  Dec. 
9  Dec. 

10  Dec. 
10  Dec. 
10  Dec. 
10  Dec. 
26  Dec. 


Barnabas  Connor,  7  Nov.  '77  dis- 

chg'd  by  Sr  W  Erskine  8  Jany. 
Thomas  Dennis,  7  Nov.  '77   dis- 

chg'd  by  Sr  W  Erskine  8  Jany. 
Mordica  Bolderson,  7  Nov.  '77  dis- 

chg'd  by  Sr  W  Erskine  8  Jany. 
William  Pope,    11  Nov.   '77  dis- 

chg'd  by  Sr  W  Erskine  8  Jany. 
Dennis  Buckley,  16  Nov.  '77  dis- 

chg'd  by  Sr  W  Erskine  8  Jany. 
Thomas  Sylvester,  1  Dec.  '77  dis- 

chg'd  by  Sr  W  Erskine  8  Jany. 
John  Jacobs,  1  Dec.  Transfrd  to  yc 

Roman  Catholic  Corps. 
Joseph  Doyel,  15  Dec.  by  Sr  Wm 

Erskine  8  Jany. 
William  Marshall,  15  Dec.  by  Sr 

Wm  Erskine  8  Jany. 
William  Kennady,  17  Dec.  claim'd 

as  belong  to  a  ship. 
James  Dorothy,  1  Jany  '78  by  Sr 

Wm  Erskine  8  Jany. 
William  Baxter,  1  Jany  '78  by  Sr 

Wm  Erskine  8  Jany. 


Philadelphia  5th  February  1778 

Mustered  present  in  the  within  Company  one  Captain,  one  Lieutenant, 
one  Qr.  Master,  two  Serjeants,  one  Corporal, — Drummers,  and  thirty 
seven  effective  Men. 

Attest 

Ed  Winslow 

Muster  Master  General  &c. 

We  hereby  certify,  That  the  Commission,  Non-commission  Officers,  and 
private  Men  of  this  Company,  were  effective  at  the  Times  set  against 
their  respective  Names  in  the  within  Roll:  And  that  the  true  and  proper 
Reasons  are  herein  assigned  against  the  Names  of  those  who  are  at  this 

Time  absent. 

Jacob  James, 

Captain. 
Nath1  Vernon  Jr. 

Lieut. 


Loyalist  Muster  Rolls,  1777-1778. 


MUSTER  ROLL  OF  A  TROOP  OF  DRAGOONS  COMMANDED  BY  JACOB 
JAMES  CAPTAIN — PHILADELPHIA  FEBry  1778. 

Mi 

Captain. 
Jacob  James. 

Lieutenant. 
Nath1  Vernon  Junr. 

Quarter  Master. 
Isaac  Smith  Bullock. 

/Serjeant. 

Caleb  Hains,  Jany  23. 
Wm  Dunn.  Jany  6. 

Corporal. 
Isaac  Green,  Feby  3. 

Privates. 


Abrhm  Talketon,       Jany  1. 

Tho"  Faris,  Jany  5. 

James  Devinny         Jany  6. 

Deserted  20  Jany  1778,  at  Wil- 
mington. 

Jno  Woodford,          Jany  10. 

William  White,  Absent  on  leave. 

David  Dutton,  do. 

Jese  Bean,  Jany  15. 

Tho8  Mc  Crack  in,       Jany  15. 

Jno  Williamson, 

Jno  Mires, 

Jereh  Lemar 

Titus  Ottey, 

Jno  Christie, 

Cornelus  Leary, 


Samuel  Hart, 
Timothy  Harris, 
Jacob  Trego, 
Tho8  Newgin, 
Wm  Webb, 


Jany  15. 
Jany  17. 
Jany  18. 
Jany  21. 
Jany  22. 
Jany  24. 
Jany  28. 
Jany  28. 
Jany  29. 
Jany  30. 
Jany  4. 


Daniel  Macknah,      Jany  5. 


Valentine  Carisle,  Jany  5. 

Henry  Crager,  Jany  5. 

Joseph  Lashly,  Jany  8. 

Jno.  Talburt,  Jany  10. 

Edward  Grisle,  Jany  10. 

Elisha  Mellon,  Jany  12. 

Henry  Mansfield,  Jany  16. 

Jno.  Dukemenier,  Jany  16. 

David  Maris,  Jany  18. 

Joseph  Bower,  Jany  19. 

Wm  Cornwell,  Jany  19. 

Wm  Omom,  Jany  20. 

Deserted  Jany  23  '78 

George  Starr,  Jany  21. 

Thos  Bullock,  Jany  22. 
Daniel  Williamson,  Jany  22. 

Joseph  Ely,  Jany  24. 

Neal  McMullen,  Jany  28. 

Jno  Wilson,  Jany  28. 

Joseph  Mellon,  Jany  24. 

Jno.  Henderson,  Feby  3. 

John  Hughins,  Feby  5. 


6  Loyalist  Muster  Rolls,  1177-11118. 

PHILADELPHIA  5th  FEBRUARY  1778 

Mustered  present  in  the  within  Company  one  Captain,  one  Lieutenant, 
one  Qr.  Master,  two  Serjeants,  one  Corporal, — Drummers,  and  thirty 
seven  effective  private  Men. 

Attest. 

Ed.  Winslow, 

Muster  Master  General  &c. 
Febr'  5h  1778 

We  hereby  certify,  That  the  Commission,  Non  commission  Officers, 
and  private  Men  of  the  Company,  were  effective  at  the  Times  set  against 
their  respective  Names  in  the  within  Roll :  And  that  the  true  and 
proper  Reasons  are  herein  assigned  against  the  Names  of  those  who  are 

at  this  Time  absent. 

Jacob  James, 

Captain. 

Nath1  Vernon  Junr. 
Lieut. 

MUSTER  KOLL  OF  THE  BUCKS  COUNTY  LIGHT  DRAGOONS  COMMANDED 
BY  LIEUT  COLON'  WATSON  FROM  25™  DECR  AND  FOR  24™  APRIL 
— BOTH  DAYS  INCLUSIVE  BEING  162  DAYS. 

Lieu1  Colon1. 
Watson. 

Lieutenant. 
Walter  Willett,  with  leave. 

Cornet 
Geo.  Gerraur. 

Surgeon. 
Neal. 

Quarter  Master. 
Ambrose  Morrison. 

Sergeants. 

Robert  McOy,  on  General  Try  on' s  Guard. 
Isaac  Patterson,  John  Creel y. 

Corporals. 

Dan1  Martin,  Esher  Parent,  Command1"  Chiefs  Grd. 
John  Murphy,  on  Gen1  Tryon's  Grd. 


Loyalist  Muster  Rolls,  1777-1778.  7 

Privates. 

James  Bennett,  Gen  Tryons  Gd.  Gideon  Ware, 

Lawrence  Bower,         do.  John  Williams,  Command'  Chiefs 

Benjn  English,  Gd. 

John  Elliott,  Commandr  in  Chiefs  Richd  Stannin,  Command1"  in  Chiefs 

Gd.  Gd. 

James  Fosh,  Gen  Tryons  Gd.  Tho3  Hill,  Gen.  Tryons 

Jacob  Graff,  do.  John  James  Robinson 

Morris  Griffin,  John  Moore,  Gen1  Tryons  Gd. 

Philip  Franklin,  John  House,  Confined, 

Willm  Griffith,  Gen  Tryons,  Stophel  Slaughter, 

Michael  Hays,  do.  Charles  Power, 

Sam1  Hutton,  In  Provost.  Hen?  Power,  Command1  in  Chiefs 

John  Rood,  Commandr  in   Chiefs  Samuel  Hare,  Deserted  11  Nov. 

Gd.  Michael  Kelley,  In  Provost, 

Timothy  Donnoly,  Richd  Leecher,  } 

Alburthus  King,  Deserted.  Rob*  Godfrey,     f  With  ye  Rebbels. 

Daniel  Smith,  Gen1  Tryons  Dan1  Callen, 

John  Simmons,  do.  Richd  Broadbent, 

John  Thommas,  Deserted  10th  Nov.  McOy          \ 

Thomas  Townly,  Willm  Westbrook  I  Genirrryons:Gd. 

Geo.  Ulman,  Gen1  Hospital.  Francis  Diman 
Jn°  Wethercom,           do. 

N.  B.  Captain  Sandford  Prisoner  with  the  Rebbels. 

We  hereby  certify,  That  the  Commission,  Non-commission  Officers  and 
private  Men  of  this  Company,  were  effective  at  the  Times  set  against 
their  respective  Names  in  the  within  Roll:  And  that  the  true  and  proper 
Reasons  are  herein  assigned  against  the  Names  of  those  who  are  at 

this  Time  absent. 

G.  R.  Geraur 

Cornett 
B.  L*  D". 

The  personnel  of  the  officers  from  muster-in  until  muster- 
out,  were : 

Captain  Hovenden's  Troop — Captain  Richard  Hovenden ; 
Lieutenants  Samuel  Chapman  and  Moore  Hovenden ;  Cor- 
nets Richard  NcNally,  Hugh  Davis,  Thomas  Miller,  Moore 
Hovenden  and  Samuel  Chapman;  Adjutant  Richard  Mc- 
Ually;  Quartermasters  Thomas  Walbank  and  John  Tuck; 
Volunteer  Amos  Chapman. 


8  Loyalist  Muster  Rolls,  1777-1778. 

Captain  James's  Troop — Captain  Jacob  James ;  Lieuten- 
ants Nathaniel  Vernon,  Jr.,  Abraham  Chapman,  Michael 
Largin  and  Francis  Gildart;  Cornets  Richard  McNally, 
Charles  Gildart  and  George  Gray;  Quartermasters  Isaac 
Smith  Bullock,  Edward  Richardson,  John  Miller  and  Caleb 
Haines. 

Captain  Sandford's  Troop — Captain  Thomas  Sandford; 
Lieutenants  "Walter  "Willetts,  George  Geraur  and  Benjamin 
Hunt;  Cornets  George  Geraur  and  Samuel  Willett;  Quarter- 
masters Ambrose  Morrison  and  John  Hagan;  Volunteers 
Samuel  Willett,  Abraham  Chapman  and  Amos  Chapman. 


Letters  of  Dr.  John  McKinly,  1777-1778.  9 


LETTEES  OF  DR.  JOHN  McKINLY  TO  HIS  WIFE, 
WHILE  A  PRISON  EE  OF  WAR,  1777-1778. 

BY   MARY    T.    EVANS. 

[John  McKinly,  the  first  President  of  Delaware  under  the  Constitu- 
tion of  1776,  was  born  in  Ireland,  February  24,  1721.  About  the  time 
he  reached  his  majority,  he  came  to  Wilmington,  and  became  a  medical 
doctor  by  profession,  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Delaware 
Medical  Association  in  1789.  He  was  appointed  Sheriff  of  New  Castle 
county  in  1757;  from  1759  to  1774  was  Chief  Burgess  of  Wilmington,  and 
was  colonel  and  brigadier-general  of  militia  during  a  part  of  the  Revo- 
lution. The  night  following  the  battle  of  Brandy  wine,  he  was  captured 
at  his  home,  by  a  British  force,  and  confined  first  on  board  the  ship  of 
war  Solebay,  Capt.  Symond  off  New  Castle,  transferred  to  the  prison  in 
the  State  House,  Philadelphia,  and  at  Flatbush,  Long  Island.  Dr. 
McKinly  married  in  1761,  Jane,  a  daughter  of  Richard  Richardson;  he 
died  August  31,  1796,  and  is  buried  in  the  graveyard  of  the  First  Presby- 
terian Church  at  Wilmington.  The  inscription  on  the  monument  over 
his  remains  reads  as  follows:  "This  Monument  is  Erected  to  the 
Memory  of  John  McKinly  M.D.  who  was  born  in  the  Kingdom  of  Ire- 
land on  the  24  February  A.  D.  1721,  and  died  in  this  town  on  the  31st 
of  August  A.  D.  1796.  He  settled  early  in  life  in  this  country  and  pur- 
suing the  practice  of  physic  soon  became  eminent  in  his  profession.  He 
served  several  important  public  employments  and  particularly  was  the 
first  person  who  filled  the  office  of  President  of  the  State  after  the 
declaration  of  independence.  He  died  full  of  years  having  passed  a 
long  life  usefully  to  the  public  and  Honorably  to  himself."] 

ON  BOARD  THE  SOLIBAY  AT  NEW  CASTLE 
11th  Get  1777 

-•   «•          -T-V  -•-  JL  JL  V/v/t.      -L   I    I    I  . 

MY  DEAREST  JENNY 

We  came  here  yesterday  Morning  &  I  imagine  may  re- 
main here  for  some  time  as  Capt.  Symond  is  appointed  to 
the  command  of  the  vessels  stationed  at  this  place  &  has 
been  pleased  to  permit  me  to  send  herewith  what  Dirty 
Linnen  I  have  to  be  washed,  &  would  be  glad  how  soon  the 
same  cou'd  be  done  as  our  stay  may  be  uncertain.  The 
Capt.  &  his  officers  still  continue  their  Civility  to  me.  Since 
I  wrote  to  you  I  had  an  opportunity  of  speaking  to  Capt. 
Hammond  who  was  pleased  to  promise  that  he  wou'd  repre- 


10         Letters  of  Dr.  John  McKinly,  1777-1778. 

sent  my  case  to  Lord  How  who  arrived  at  Chester  some 
days  agoe,  but  as  his  Lordship  ever  since  his  arrival  has 
been  much  engaged  with  the  Affairs  of  the  publick  I  know 
not  how  soon  he  may  have  leisure  to  attend  to  my  Case, 
nor  can  I  conjecture  what  may  be  his  determination  there- 
on, tho'  I  must  confess  that  I  have  of  late  few  hopes  of 
being  soon  enlarged.  This  I  can  assure  you  wou'd  but 
little  affect  me  were  it  not  for  being  absent  from  you  & 
especially  at  a  time  when  you  have  so  much  need  of  conso- 
lation, Advice  &  Assistance,  &  the  full  persuasion  that  such 
Absence  &  the  uncertainty  of  its  continuance  must  be  your 
greatest  trouble,  but  I  hope  you  will  be  enabled  to  bear 
those  misfortunes  with  a  becoming  fortitude  but  let  us  hope 
for  the  best,  tho'  it  is  prudent  to  be  prepared  for  the  worst. 
Lieutenant  Wright  &  Lieutenant  Chad  have  both  been  so 
kind  as  to  inform  me  of  your  wellfare,  but  I  know  &  con- 
sider your  situation,  however  I  hope  Sister  Armstrong  still 
continues  with  you  &  that  your  Brother  has  been  to  see  you. 
I  am  glad  to  hear  Major  McDonald  is  amongst  the  Officers 
who  stay  at  the  House  as  he  appeared  to  me  to  be  a  gentle- 
man of  good  nature  &  humanity  &  who  I  believe  will  pro- 
tect you  from  any  Insult  &  endeavour  to  make  your  Situation 
as  agreeable  as  possible.  I  am  persuaded  also  that  Colonel 
M°Donald  will  not  suffer  your  private  property  to  be  taken 
from  you,  &  wou'd  fondly  hope  that  a  sufficiency  of  Hay 
may  be  left  for  the  Horses  &  Cow  in  the  Winter.  I  cannot 
take  upon  me  at  present  to  advise  you  whether  to  stay 
where  you  are  or  to  go  to  your  Brother  or  elsewhere — per- 
haps you  will  be  better  able  to  judge  thereof  some  time 
hence.  Shou'd  I  not  be  permitted  to  return  soon,  I  have 
no  doubt  of  being  permitted  hereafter  to  write  you  more 
fully  concerning  our  private  Affairs. 

My  Love  to  all  Relations  &  Friends  &  believe  me  to  be 
with  the  most  tender  &  affectionate  Regard 

Dearest  Jenny 

Yr  ever  loving  Husband 
JN.  McKiNLY. 


Letters  of  Dr.  John  McKinly,  1777-1778.  11 

Please  to  look  into  the  upper  drawer  of  the  Desk  for 
some  Buttons  for  the  jacket  I  have  here  &  send  them  with 
the  Linn  en  as  I  shall  soon  want  them  &  if  you  have  any 
more  Shirts  at  home,  please  to  send  them.  The  black  silk 
Stock  you  sent  I  perceive  is  fashionable  here  &  answers  very 
well.  I  have  sent  four  Shirts  &  they  are  very  dirty  but  I 
was  forc'd  thro'  economy  to  wear  them  much  longer  than 
usual — if  you  cannot  find  an  opportunity  of  sending  them 
otherwise  Mr.  Henry  Reynolds  or  some  other  carefull  hand 
may  procure  a  Pass  from  Coll.  M°Donald  &  bring  them  by 
whom  I  can  send  some  Paper  money  I  have,  which  I  find 
will  be  of  no  use  to  me  here. 


Shou'd  you  write,  please  enclose  your  Letter  under  a 
cover  directed  to  Thomas  Symonds  Esquire  Commander  of 
his  Majesties  Ship  Solibay,  which  will  prevent  it  from  being 
opened  by  any  other  &  procure  a  safe  Conveyance,  &  that 
Gentleman  having  been  marryed  will  readily  make  proper 
allowances. 

KB. 

Perhaps  I  may  forward  the  Letter  without  the  Linnen 
&c.  if  I  cannot  get  the  latter  sent  conveniently. 

SOLEBAY  OFF   NEW    CASTLE 

21st  Oct  1777 
MY  DEAREST  JENNY 

I  rec'd  yours  by  George  Walker  together  with  the  two 
Shirts  and  Stock  you  mentioned  therein.  I  have  since  got 
My  Linnen  washed  at  New  Castle  as  I  had  no  opportunity 
of  sending  the  same  to  Wilmington.  As  you  are  once  more 
becomes  Mistress  of  your  own  House,  I  suppose  you  will 
continue  there — notwithstanding  the  number  of  Horses 
which  you  mention  that  were  kept  on  the  Hay,  I  am  per- 
suaded a  full  sufficiency  must  remain  for  the  Winter,  unless 
great  waste  has  been  made.  It  is  high  time  you  shou'd  en- 
gage Wood  for  the  Winter  from  some  trusty  hand — perhaps 
Billy  Armor  may  supply  you — I  should  be  glad  to  know 


12         Letters  of  Dr.  John  McKinly,  1777-1778. 

whether  Coll  McDonald  left  any  of  my  things  with  you,  out 
of  the  Chest  whereof  I  gave  him  the  Key,  or  took  the  Chest 
&  all  its  contents  with  him.  As  the  Servants  made  so  free 
writh  what  was  in  the  Shop,  I  fear  they  have  done  the  same 
elsewhere.  I  wrote  some  days  agoe  to  Capt.  Hamond, 
who  bears  an  exceeding  good  character  &  is  very  intimate 
with  Lord  How,  in  hopes  thro'  his  means  to  obtain  a  hear- 
ing, but  have  as  yet  rec.  no  Answer  as  they  are  at  present 
so  engaged  with  the  affairs  of  the  publick  I  cannot  expect 
it  very  soon.  I  shou'd  therefore  be  glad,  as  soon  as  you  can 
conveniently,  that  you  wou'd  send  me  in  a  small  chest  or 
Trunk  my  new  lightish  coloured  Coat  &  two  pair  of 
Britches,  &  brownish  Silk  Jacket  &  either  my  white  Cloth 
Jacket  with  the  plate  Buttons  or  old  crimson  plush  Jacket. 
I  recollect  that  on  the  back  of  the  Account  left  with  you, 
there  was  a  credit  given,  which  ought  to  be  crossed  out,  as 
the  same  was  settled  in  the  Balance  mentioned  in  the  first 
Article,  since  which  I  have  not  rec'd  a  farthing  from  any 
Person  so  that  the  whole  charged  was  advanced  by  me  &  is 
still  due.  *  *  * 

I  had  some  Apprehension  a  few  days  agoe  that  the  Sole- 
bay  wou'd  have  been  ordered  to  Sea,  for  which  I  was  a  good 
deal  concerned  as  I  have  got  so  well  acquainted  with  the 
Officers,  who  still  treat  me  with  much  Civility,  however  on 
speaking  to  the  Captain,  he  was  so  good  as  to  promise 
me  that  he  wou'd  put  me  on  board  some  Vessell  in  the 
Kiver  where  I  shou'd  likewise  be  well  treated — if  that 
shou'd  happen  I  shall  let  you  know  as  soon  after  as  possi- 
ble— when  you  write  me  please  to  direct  on  the  Cover  en- 
closing, to  Capt.  Symond  as  I  before  mentioned,  &  I  shall 
receive  it  safely,  if  he  is  here  which  can  readily  be  known. 

*  *  * 

In  the  meantime  I  remain  with  most  ardent  wishes  for 
your  welfare  &  in  the  sincerest  manner 

Dearest  Jenny 

Yr  ever  loving  Husband 
JOHN  McKiNLY. 


Letters  of  Dr.  John  McKinly,  1777-1778.  13 

SOLEBAY  4th  Nov.  1777. 
MY  DEAREST  JENNY 

I  rec'd  your  Letter  &  Cloaths  by  Mr.  Reynolds  together 
with  the  very  agreeable  News  of  your  being  in  good  Health 
and  that  Sister  Armstrong  was  well  recovered.  I  now  think 
with  you  that  the  Jackets  I  wrote  for  are  in  the  Chest  that 
is  under  the  care  of  Coll.  Me.  Donald,  as  are  my  Account 
Books  &c.  concerning  which  I  propose  writing  to  that  gentle- 
man in  a  few  days  when  I  shall  gratefully  acknowledge  his 
polite  Behaviour.  It  is  but  doing  justice  to  the  gentlemen 
who  were  last  Lodgers  with  you  to  inform,  that  my  Bridle 
spurs  &c  were  taken  when  Capt.  Munroe  was  there.  &  I  sup- 
pose the  Saddle  &c  has  gone  the  same  way— also  that  my 
Desk  was  opened  &  all  material  Papers  taken  thereout  the 
night  I  was  arrested — but  why  you  found  it  open  I  know 
not  as  scarce  any  key  wou'd  open  it  but  the  one  I  had — as 
to  the  List  you  mention  I  fancy  I  gave  it  to  you  before  the 
Pocket  Book  &  that  you  may  find  it  in  your  own — but  if 
lost  there  is  little  damage,  only  be  carefull  of  the  originals, 
particularly  of  Mr.  Campbell's  receipt  for  Yogans  Bonds  de- 
livered to  him  by  Mr  Reed — I  am  glad  that  Sister  Arm- 
strong stays  with  you  &  I  think  you  did  very  right  in  re- 
fusing the  application  made  to  you  from  another  Quarter. 
The  loss  of  ungrateful  Fortune  is  not  much,  Thorny  may 
supply  his  place  for  a  while,  it  will  be  of  service  to  him  to 
be  more  employed  than  he  has  heretofore  been.  I  much 
approve  of  Brother  Richard's  taking  the  Horse  &  using  him 
as  his  own  you  can  get  him  from  thence  at  any  time  you 
shou'd  want  him.  I  hope  he  will  often  call  to  see  you. 
My  Pistols  &  Sword  are  here  as  Coll.  McDonald  informed 
you.  The  loss  of  the  fences  is  very  great  on  account  of  the 
Hay  &  Pasturage,  but  it  is  not  worth  while  to  repair  them 
until  Matters  are  more  settled.  I  sent  what  Old  Paper 
money  I  had  by  Mr.  Reynolds,  as  it  was  of  no  use  to  me 
here — by  him  I  expect  the  Blank  Letter  of  Attorney,  which 
I  desired  might  be  drawn  by  Mr  Hapler,  as  soon  as  conven- 
ient, it  is  highly  necessary  you  shou'd  have  it,  shou'd  I  be 


14         Letters  of  Dr.  John  McKinly,  1777-1778. 

detained  any  length  of  time  —  which  I  am  still  very  uncer- 
tain about,  not  having  as  yet  rec'd  an  Answer  from  Capt. 
Hammond  to  whom  I  wrote  relative  to  that  Affair.  I  thank 
God  I  am  in  perfect  health  &  as  I  have  ever  endeavoured  to 
act  honestly  &  uprightly  with  all  men  &  as  all  my  conduct 
in  our  late  unhappy  disturbances  was  solely  directed  by  an 
earnest  desire  to  promote  the  publick  good,  the  conscious- 
ness hereof  affords  me  that  peace  of  mind  to  fortify  me 
against  anything  that  can  possibly  befall  myself  —  but  as 
your  care,  satisfaction  &  happiness  was  ever  my  greatest 
pride  &  pleasure  &  the  contrary  my  greatest  pain  &  uneasi- 
ness, so  now  the  thoughts  of  your  being  so  involved  in  diffi- 
culties of  which  perhaps  I  may  in  some  measure  have  been 
tho'  very  undesignedly,  the  unhappy  cause,  is  by  far  my  great- 
est trouble  —  however,  I  have  often  experienced  in  life  that 
such  things  as  I  have  thought  at  the  time  they  happened  were 
unfortunate  have  proved  by  the  wise  direction  of  providence 
the  very  reverse,  so  now  I  hope  that  however  grievous  our 
present  state  may  be,  yet  the  same  may  be  intended  to  pre- 
vent greater  misfortune  or  prove  greater  blessings.  You  see 
my  side  of  paper  is  near  finished  as  usual,  so  shall  conclude 
with  sincere  Love  to  all  Relations  &  Friends  from  him  who 
shall  ever  remain  with  hearty  Prayers  for  your  happiness. 

Dearest  Jenny 

Your  most  Loving  Husb'd 

JNO  McKiNLY. 


MY  DEAREST  JENNY, 


SOLEBAY  OFF  NEW  CASTLE 

22d  Nov.  1777. 


The  occasion  of  my  present  writing  is  to  inform  you  that 
yesterday  we  rec'd  advice  here  that  the  Continental  Troops 
have  evacuated  &  destroyed  the  Fort  at  Eed  Bank  whereby 
the  passage  to  Philadelphia  will  now  be  unmolested,  in  con- 
sequence whereof  Orders  has  since  been  rec'd  here  for  the 
Solebay,  on  board  of  which  I  have  been  ever  since  I  left 
you,  to  proceed  down  this  River  &  for  me  to  go  on  Board 
the  Sloop  of  War  Swift  commanded  by  Mr  Kepple  son  to 


Letters  of  Dr.  John  McKinly,  1777-1778.  15 

the  late  Earl  of  Albermarle,  who  is  to  proceed  up  the  River 
towards  Philada.  but  how  or  where  I  am  afterwards  to  be 
disposed  of  I  know  not  at  present  but  shall  endeavour  to  let 
you  know  as  soon  as  in  my  Power — I  thank  God  I  still 
continue  in  good  Health — This  will  go  to  the  Care  of  Theo- 
dore Maurice  Esq.  who  I  doubt  not  will  forward  it  as  soon 
as  possible.  My  sincere  Love  to  good  Sister  Armstrong  & 
all  other  our  Relations  &  Friends  &  believe  me  to  be  in  the 
most  sincere  &  affectionate  manner — 

My  dearest  Jenny 

Your  ever  loving  Husband 
JNO.  McKiNLY. 

STATE  HOUSE  PHILADA. 

6th  Deem.  1777. 
DEAREST  JENNY, 

I  wrote  to  you  this  day  two  weeks  from  the  Solebay  off 
New  Castle  with  a  note  recommending  the  same  to  the  care 
of  Theodore  Maurice  Esq.  both  which  Capt.  Symonds  was 
so  kind  as  to  send  on  shore  by  a  Special  Messenger,  who 
informed  me  that  Mr  Maurice  wou'd  carry  the  letter  to  you 
immediately  in  Person,  so  that  I  am  persuaded  you  must 
have  rec'd  it — therein  I  informed  you  that  in  consequence 
of  Capt.  Symond  being  ordered  down  the  Bay  I  was  to  go 
on  Board  the  Swift,  Sloop  of  war,  commanded  by  Capt. 
Kepple  which  I  did  that  evening  &  and  was  treated  very 
politely  by  the  Cap*  &  officers  who  conveyed  above  Chester 
the  Prison  Ship  on  Board  of  which  I  was  then  put  to  pro- 
ceed to  Philada.  (as  Capt.  Kepple  was  ordered  to  Sea)  <fc  the 
Capt.  of  the  said  Prison  Ship  one  Brown  an  honest  York- 
shire Man  &  Mr  Miller  the  Marine  Officer  belonging  to  the 
Bristol  under  whose  immediate  care  I  was,  both  treated 
me  with  much  kindness  &  civility  until  my  arrival  here  last 
Monday.  As  several  persons  from  Wilmington  have  been 
permitted  to  visit  me  here  who  promised  to  let  you  know 
how  I  was,  they  have  no  doubt  informed  you  of  my  situa- 
tion, which  renders  it  necessary  to  acquaint  you  that  altho' 
I  was  at  first  filled  with  a  good  deal  of  Surprise  &  uneasi- 


16         Letters  of  Dr.  John  McKinly,  1777-1778. 

ness  at  being  closely  confined  here  in  a  Room  without  any 
distinction,  amongst  about  Twenty  other  prisoners  chiefly 
Continental  Officers  &  Strangers  to  me  save  Lt.  Col?  Perci- 
fer  Frazer  &  Collr  John  Hannum  &  Major  John  Harper  who 
I  found  in  a  mess  by  themselves,  supply ed  by  the  widow 
Jenkins,  I  with  their  hearty  approbation  joined  them  & 
Mrs  Jenkins  calling  to  see  me  next  Day  has  ever  since  sup- 
plyed  us  very  well,  &  as  I  have  become  acquainted  with  the 
rest  of  my  fellow  Prisoners  who  behave  towards  me  with 
much  respect,  I  have  also  become  quite  expert  in  waiting 
upon  myself  &  enjoy  my  Health  very  well.  I  pass  the  time 
much  better  than  I  at  first  expected  and  as  I  am  very  con- 
scious that  I  always  did  everything  in  my  Power  to  pro- 
mote the  peace  &  happiness  of  the  publick  &  never  oppressed 
any  Individual  I  hope  to  be  enabled  to  bear  anything  that 
can  befal  me  with  a  becoming  Fortitude  &  much  more  so 
since  the  arrival  of  your  last  Letter  wherein  you  express 
such  Sentiments  as  render  you,  if  possible  still  more  Dear 
to  me  &  has  afforded  me  great  Satisfaction  &  I  hope  you 
will  always  continue  to  cherish  the  same  so  that  as  you  were 
never  too  much  elated  with  prosperity  so  I  hope  you  will 
not  be  too  much  depressed  with  any  adverse  Fortune,  but 
bear  the  same  with  Fortitude  &  Resignation,  which  whilst 
you  do,  &  I  am  not  afraid  but  you  will,  there  is  nothing  can 
despirit  me — Cap*  Reeve  called  to  see  me  the  first  day  I 
came  here  &  told  me  if  I  wou'd  be  permitted  to  my  Parole 
I  should  be  welcome  to  his  House,  but  you  know  my  Tem- 
per, I  never  cou'd  bear  being  beholden  to  any  Person  & 
much  less  now — however  I  have  not  seen,  him  since — a 
general  Parole  is  talked  of  taking  place,  but  I  fancy  that  it 
is  very  uncertain  especially  as  to  me  who  holds  no  Commis- 
sion in  the  Continental  Army  or  Navy  or  under  the  Con- 
gress— As  the  old  Paper  Currency  which  wou'd  not  pass  on 
Board  the  Ships  of  War,  passes  here,  please  to  send  me  by 
the  first  safe  conveyance  about  the  same  Sum  I  sent  you  by 
Henry  Reynolds  that  I  may  save  the  Gold  as  much  as  I  can 
—pray  allow  for  my  writing  in  a  crowd  without  leisure  to 


Letters  of  Dr.  John  McKinly,  1777-1778.  17 

revise  or  correct — &  assure  yourself  that  on  my  trial  I  shall 
still  support  the  character  of  a  Man  of  Candour,  Honesty  & 
Honor. 

My  Time  &  Paper  fail,  must  therfore  conclude  with  Love 
to  all  Relations  &  Friends  &  be  assured  that  I  shall  ever 
remain  with  most  tender  &  sincere  affection. 

Dearest  Jenny 

Your  most  loving  Husband 
JNO.  McKiNLY. 

If  you  write  to  me  enclose  the  Letter  open  under  a  Cover 
directed  to  the  Captain  of  the  Guard  at  the  State  House, 
Philad*. 

FLAT  BUSH  ON  LONG  ISLAND 

8th  July  1778. 
DEAREST  JENNY, 

I  had  hopes  of  being  permitted  to  return  home  on  my 
parole  &  thereby  be  enabled  to  effect  an  Exchange  more 
speedily,  until  half  an  Hour  before  my  departure  from 
Philad3  which  was  all  the  Space  I  had  to  prepare  for  the 
voyage  &  consequently  did  not  afford  me  time  to  write  you 
a  few  Lines  to  inform  you  thereof,  but  Cap*  Reeve  promised 
me  he  wou'd  do  it — under  his  care  I  left  Fortune,  at  his 
own  desire,  to  be  sent  to  you  as  soon  after  as  possible — & 
with  Mr  Stephen  Collins  I  left  several  things  wch  he  prom- 
ised he  wou'd  take  care  to  forward  to  you,  as  speedily  as  he 
cou'd,  which  I  have  no  doubt  he  performed  accordingly,  as 
he  is  both  carefull  &  honest — I  likewise  got  him  to  under- 
take to  settle  with  Mrs  Langdale  as  I  had  no  leisure  to  do  it, 
&  ordered  him  to  draw  upon  you  for  the  Ballance,  I  suppose 
about  Seven  Pounds  I  likewise  gave  himself  a  Draught  upon 
you  for  Ten  Pounds  both  which  I  am  certain  you  wou'd  pay 
directly;  &  by  that  means  I  reserved  so  much  Gold  in  hand, 
whereof  I  think  I  shall  have  enough  to  defray  all  Expenses 
whilst  here,  so  that  you  need  not  give  yourself  any  trouble 
on  that  Account.  I  had  written  you  a  Letter  in  hopes  of 
getting  an  opportunity  of  sending  it  when  going  down  the 
Delaware,  but  cou'd  find  none.  I  had  my  Health  very  well 
VOL.  xxxiv. — 2 


18         Letters  of  Dr.  John  McKinly,  1777-1778. 

on  the  Voyage,  not  even  the  least  Sea  Sickness ;  &  here,  I 
thank  God,  I  enjoy  it  perfectly,  &  have  a  pretty  large  Dis- 
trict around  allowed  me  to  walk  or  ride  about  in,  which 
affords  handsome  prospects  of  a  very  fine  &  well  cultivated 
Country  &  of  the  Ocean,  &  I  am  placed  at  my  own  desire, 
with  Brigad  General  Irvine  as  a  Companion,  in  a  very  decent, 
orderly  &  obliging  Family,  where  we  have  plenty  of  very 
good  Country  Fare,  &  at  a  very  low  rate — in  short  my 
greatest  unhappiness,  together  with  being  a  Prisoner,  is  the 
being  absent  from  you,  who  are  seldom  out  of  my  thoughts, 
— however  I  hope  the  time  is  not  far  distant  when  we  shall 
meet  again  never  to  part,  &  I  flatter  myself  that  in  the 
meanwhile,  you  will  bear  my  absence  &  your  other  late  mis- 
fortunes with  that  fortitude  of  mind  which  is  so  highly 
becoming  you,  &  which  has  so  exceedingly  endeared  you  to 
me — I  am  sorry  that  I  have  not  had  an  opportunity  of 
writing  to  you  sooner  since  I  left  Philada  &  you  may  assure 
yourself  that  I  shall  miss  none  that  may  be  found — My 
sincere  Love  to  all  our  Relations,  &  best  Respects  to  such 
Friends  as  you  know  I  esteem,  &  believe  me  to  be  with  the 
greatest  Regard  &  most  tender  Affection 

Dearest  Jenny 
Your  ever  loving  Husband 

JN°  McKiNLY. 

You  may  observe  that  I  have  always  avoided  making  any 
remarks  on  that  neglect  which  has  been  shown  by  those 
from  whom  I  had  reason  to  expect  some  more  attention. 

PHILADA  11th  Aug.  1778. 
DEAREST  JENNY, 

On  a  3d  Application  to  General  Clinton  for  a  farther  en- 
largement on  my  Parole,  in  order  the  more  readily  to  effect 
an  Exchange  for  Governor  Franklin,  to  which  Exchange 
he  had  formerly  consented ;  he  was  pleased  last  Wednesday 
to  grant  that  Enlargment  for  a  Month,  at  the  Expiration  ot 
which  time,  shou'd  I  fail  to  obtain  said  Exchange  I  prom- 
ised to  surrender  myself  again  at  New  York — in  conse- 


Letters  of  Dr.  John  McKinly,  1777-1778.  19 

quence  whereof  I  arrived  here  in  Company  with  the  Bearer 
Lieut.  Hall  of  Cecil  County  Maryland,  on  parole  likewise, 
on  Saturday's  Evening  last,  &  on  Sunday's  afternoon  &  yes- 
terday morning  I  waited,  in  Company  with  Cozn  Jonathaa 
Smith,  on  several  of  the  Members  of  Congress,  of  most 
influence,  from  all  of  whom  I  rec'd  promises  of  their  Votes 
&  Interests  in  Congress  for  effecting  this  Exchange,  &  that 
they  wou'd  endeavour  to  have  the  same  moved  for  &  brought 
on  yesterday,  or  as  soon  as  possible,  notwithstanding  of  the 
great  deal  of  publick  Business  now  before  that  Honorable 
Body;  but  yesterday  several  Expresses  arrived  from  Head- 
Quarters  &  which  I  fear  prevented  its  being  then  brought 
on,  but  I  am  still  in  hopes  of  having  it  finished  soon  ac- 
cording to  my  wishes ;  indeed  I  have  no  doubt  of  succeeding 
when  brought  before  Congress,  but  there  is  the  difficulty  in 
these  busy  times,  &  therefore  I  thought  it  best  to  stay  and 
promote  its  being  finished,  that  when  I  have  the  great 
pleasure  of  seeing  you  I  may  remain  with  you,  especially 
as  I  have  heard  by  several  that  you  are  in  good  health. 
*  *  * 

Adieu  therefore  my  Dearest  Jenny  &  accept  of  the  most 
ardent  Regards  of  your  Loving  Husband 

JON'  McKiNLY. 

PHILADA  13th  August  1778. 
MY  DEAREST  JENNY, 

I  wrote  you  on  Tuesday  Morning  last  which  I  expected 
wou'd  have  been  delivered  by  Lieut.  Hall  but  which  I  sent 
by  Cap1  Ralph  Walker  yesterday,  together  with  the  Trunk 
with  my  Clothes,  my  Cott  Bed  &  Bedding  &  an  half  barrel 
containing  about  12  or  13  gall8  of  old  Jamaica  Spirits — also 
a  small  Trunk  tyed  with  a  cord  with  Sundrys  therein  &  a 
Mattress  belonging  to  Majr  Aquila  Gyles  of  Maryland,  all 
of  which  I  hope  will  come  safe  to  your  Hands,  seeing  they 
are  under  the  Care  of  Cap*  Walker.  I  then  expected  to 
have  been  able  to  have  left  this  place  in  my  [not  legible]  this 
Morning,  &  therefore  reserved  nothing  but  what  I  was  [not 


20         Letters  of  Dr.  John  McKinly,  1777-1778. 

legible]  save  my  great  Coat  &  a  Shirt  &  Cravat  for  fear  of 
Accidents;  Col?  Hollingsworth  wou'd  have  taken  me  in  his 
Chair,  but  yesterday,  when  I  hoped  that  my  Business  wou'd 
have  been  taken  up  &  finished  favourably  in  Congress,  was 
engrossed  by  some  publick  Affair  of  great  Consequence,  & 
this  Day  is  alltogether  allotted  to  the  like  purpose,  but  I 
have  strong  assurances  that  mine  will  be  gone  upon  to  mor- 
row &  there  seems  little  doubt  but  it  will  end  according  to 
my  wishes.  I  find  however  that  my  attendance  has  been 
highly  necessary  to  accomplish  my  purpose.  Jonathan  Smith 
is  going  down  to  Bombay  Hook  &  is  to  take  me  with  him  in 
his  Chair  &  will  I  hope  be  with  you  on  Saturday's  evening 
next,  the  time  seems  excessively  tedious  till  I  have  the  pleas- 
ure of  seeing  you,  but  as  my  present  staying  may  prevent  my 
return  to  Captivity,  &  ensure  my  Exchange  and  Freedom, 
whereby  I  may  enjoy  the  happiness  of  remaining  always 
with  you  hereafter,  I  bear  this  absence  the  more  patiently. 
*  *  * 

May  God  grant  you  all  manner  of  Blessings  —  My  love  to 
all  Relations  —  this  goes  by  Mr.  Means.     Adieu. 

Yr  loving  Husband. 
JN° 


MY  D.AKEST  JENNY,  PHILAI)i  13tL  ^  1778' 

I  have  only  time  to  let  you  know,  as  the  Bearer  waits, 
that  I  am  in  good  Health  only  somewhat  lamer  -by  much 
walking.  I  have  no  doubt  of  returning  to  Wilmington, 
either  exchanged  or  enjoined  by  the  Congress,  and  I  hope 
the  former  altho'  it  is  not  yet  determined  which  for  Con- 
gress is  well  disposed  to  relieve  me  but  differ  in  the  manner, 
to  morrow  I  am  informed  will  at  length  put  an  end  to 
those  Debaters,  so  that  I  expect  to  see  you  on  Tuesday's 
Evening.  All  Relations  are  well.  Remember  me  to  those 
with  you.  Excuse  haste.  I  am  yours  in  the  most  sincere 
&  affectionate  manner  whilst 

JN° 


General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.          21 


OKDEKLY    BOOK    OF    GEN.    JOHN   PETEE   GABRIEL 
MUHLENBERG,  MARCH  26-DECEMBER  20,  1777. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  xxxiii,  page  474.) 

HEAD  QUARTERS  MIDDLE  BROOK  15th  June  1777 

Parole  Countersign 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow     .     .     .     .  Ld  Sterling 

Brigr Woodford 

Field  Officers   Col°  Spotswood  &  Majr  Crawford 
Brigade  Major 

As  it  is  proper  the  mode  of  Performing  and  receiving  the 
Grand  rounds  should  be  understood  through  the  army  as 
well  for  the  sake  of  Security  as  uniformity  and  order,  in  fu- 
ture the  following  is  that  which  is  to  be  pursued.  The  field 
Officer  of  the  Grand  rounds,  before  he  begins  his  reconnoi- 
tring party  to  procure  such  an  escort  as  he  chuses  not  ex- 
ceeding a  Serjfc  and  six  privates,  accompanied  by  these  he  is 
to  pass  all  Sentries  remote  from  the  Guard  by  his  Serj*  who 
is  to  advance  for  the  purpose,  answering  grand  rounds  when 
hail'd  and  giving  the  Countersign,  when  he  arrives  near  the 
Guard  the  Sentry  next  to  it  hails,  and  upon  being  answer'd 
grand  rounds  Cries  stand  Grand  rounds,  and  calls  the  Guard 
to  turn  out,  when  this  is  done  the  Officer  of  the  Guard  sends 
a  Commisd  Officer,  if  the  Guard  consists  of  more  than  one, 
if  not,  a  Serj1  &  Six  to  meet  the  rounds  who  when  arrived 
within  twelve  paces  of  them  Challenge  and  on  being  an- 
swered Grand  rounds  Cries  advance  Officer  with  the  Parole 
at  the  same  time  making  his  party  open  a  passage  by  wheel- 
ing backwards  from  the  centre  for  the  Officer  of  the  rounds 
to  pass  through  them  and  resting  their  firelocks  as  he  passes, 
the  Officer  or  Serj'  conducts  him  to  the  Officer  of  the  Guard 
who  receives  him  at  the  right  of  his  Guard  with  his  Bayo- 
net towards  his  breast  at  which  time  the  Officer  whispera 


22          General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

the  Parole  in  his  ear,  the  Officer  finding  the  Parole  true,  or- 
ders his  Guard  to  rest  their  Firelocks  upon  which  the 
[Torn] 

G.  O.        HEAD  QUARTERS  MIDDLE  BROOK  June  19th  1777 

Parole  Countersign 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow     .     .     .    Stephen 

Brigr Woodford 

Field  Officers  Col°  Malmidis  &  Majr  Heath 
Brigr  Major Farling 

The  Qr  Masters  of  each  Reg*  is  to  draw  Provisions  for 
such  sick  as  remains  with  the  Reg*  for  which  Purpose  they 
are  to  be  included  and  their  number  to  be  ascertained  in 
each  provision  return,  the  Commissary  will  supply  them  with 
fresh  Meat  when  in  hand.  The  Gen1  Court  Martial  not 
sitting  will  proceed  forwith  to  the  tryal  of  Majr  Peers,  Brigr 
Major  to  Gen1  Weedon,  arrested  by  order  of  Col°  Spotswood, 
for  refusing  a  true  and  just  return  of  his  Reg*  and  sending 
a  very  insulting  answer  by  his  Adj*.  all  without  to  attend. 

B.  O. 

The  Brigade  to  Parade  at  the  Grand  Parade  tomorrow 
morning  at  6  o'clock  for  Exercise. 

HEAD  QUARTERS  MIDDLE  BROOK  June  20 

Parole  Countersign 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow     .     Lord  Sterling 

Brigr Muhlenburgh 

Field  Officers  Col°  Martin  &  I/  Col°  Dehart 

Col°  Shelburnes  detachment  at  present  with  Gen1  Parsons 
is  to  join  Gen1  Yernons  Brigade.  Gen1  Debarnes  Brigade  to 
get  ready  to  march  tomorrow  at  5  o'clock  he  will  send  to 
the  Adj1  Gen1  for  orders  to  March  Gen1  Yernons  Brigade  to 
relieve  the  Picquet  Veanus,  Mill  &  Yanvactiers  Bridge  at  4 
o'clock  this  afternoon. 


General  Muhlenberg' s  Orderly  Boole,  1777.          23 

G.  O.          HEAD  QUARTERS  MIDDLE  BROOK  June  22  1777 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow     .     .     .        Stephens 

Brigadier Scott 

Field  Officers  Col°  Stephens  &  Majr  Tallifarro 
Brigade  Major Johnson. 

The  out  Guards  or  Piquet  from  the  line  to  be  calPd  in 
immediately  arid  not  relieved.  The  Regts  of  Col°  Spotswood 
of  Gen1  Weedons  Brigade  to  take  post  at  Gen1  Waynes  In- 
campm*  and  to  mount  a  Subalterns  Guard  at  the  Gap  near 
the  mountain  the  Regts  of  Gen1  Muhlenburghs  Brigade  now 
at  steels  Gap  will  remain  there  and  mount  a  Subalterns 
Guard,  the  Brigade  of  the  line  to  furnish  the  other  Guard 
beside  their  Quarter  Guard. 

After  Orders. 

Every  Brigd  &  Corps  in  the  Army  immediately  to  draw 
three  days  provision  and  cook  them,  &  parade  tomorrow 
morning  at  six  o'clock  (if  it  should  not  rain)  with  arms, 
accoutriments,  ammunition  &  Blankets,  ready  to  march, 
tents,  Baggage  and  Women  to  be  left  in  Camp,  for  the  Secu- 
rity of  which  each  division  is  to  leave  a  field  Officer  each 
Brigd  a  Captain,  each  Reg*  a  Subaltern  Serj*  &  12  Men, 
this  Guard  to  consist  of  men  most  unfit  for  duty  and  who 
have  the  worst  arms. 

The  Majr  Gen1  will  receive  orders  at  head  Quarters  re- 
specting their  Rout  and  order  of  March. 

The  Commr  in  Chief  thanks  the  Majr  Gen1  Sullivan  & 
Green,  &  all  the  Officers  &  Soldiers  engaged  this  day  to 
pursue  their  Enemy  for  the  Alacrity  and  zeal  manifested  in 
that  Service. 

Majr  Peers  Briga  Majr  to  Gen1  Weedon  charg'd  with  re- 
fusing a  just  and  true  return  of  Col°  Spotswoods  Reg*  and 
sending  him  a  very  insulting  Answer  by  his  Adjutant  try'd 
by  a  Gen1  Court  Martial  held  the  20th  Ins*  &  Honourably 
acquitted.  The  Commr  in  Chief  approves  the  sentance  and 
orders  him  to  be  immediately  released  from  his  arrest. 

T .  PICKERING  A.  G. 


24:          General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

B.  0.  June  22.  1777. 

The  whole  Brigade  to  be  in  readiness  to  march  tomorrow 
morning  the  Invalids  to  be  set  apart  as  the  Baggage  Guard 
half  past  five  precisely  the  whole  to  be  on  the  Brigade 
Parade  the  Officers  Commanding  Regts  will  see  that  every- 
thing is  in  proper  order  that  nothing  may  retard  the  march. 

PETER  MUHLENBURGH  B.  G. 

G.  O.         HEAD  QUARTERS  MIDDLE  BROOK  June  23  1777. 

Parole  Countersign 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow     ....     Green 

Brigadier Weedon 

Field  Officers  Col°  Lewis  &  Major  Nicholas 
Brigade  Major Peers 

Commr  in  Chief  approves  the  following  Sentences  of  a 
Gen1  Court  Martial  held  the  20  Ins*  whereof  Col°  Stephen 
was  President  and  orders  them  to  be  put  in  Execution 
forthwith  Viz*  Tho8  White  otherwise  call'd  Tho8  Jones  ot 
Col°  Hartley's  Battalion  charg'd  with  desertion,  the  Prisoner 
pleaded  Guilty  and  was  sentenced  to  receive  50  Lashes  on 
his  bare  back.  Alexr  Gray  of  the  5th  'Pensilv*  Battn  charg'd 
with  desertion  the  Prisoner  pleaded  Guilty  and  sentenced  to 
receive  50  Lashes.  Lewis  Bloxham  of  the  9th  Yirga  Keg* 
charg'd  with  insolence  to  and  threatning  to  shoot  Ensign 
Bobbins  of  the  same  Reg*  found  Guilty  and  sentenced  to 
receive  39  Lashes.  James  McCarle  of  the  5th  Pensilva  Reg* 
charg'd  with  charging  his  Bayonet  and  insulting  the  Officer 
of  the  ferry  guard  at  Trent  Town  and  presenting  his  piece 
at  Lieu1  Smith  of  the  5th  Pennsilva  Reg*,  in  the  face  of  the 
whole  Reg*  found  guilty  of  presenting  his  piece  at  Lieu* 
Smith  and  sentenced  to  receive  100  Lashes.  Wm.  McCarle 
of  the  5th  Reg*  charg'd  with  insulting  &  charging  his  Bayo- 
net at  the  Officer  of  the  ferry  Guard  at  Trenton,  no  evi- 
dence appearing  to  support  the  charge  against  the  Prisoner, 
the  Court  ordered  him  to  be  discharg'd  from  the  prison  for 
the  present. 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.          25 

The  following  Letter  rec'd  from  Col°  Spotswood. 

MIDDLE  BROOK  June  23rd  1777 
SIR: — 

Although  the  Court  Martial  acquitted  Majr  Peers  with 
honour,  Yet  I  think  something  remains  to  be  done  on  my 
side  for  the  injury  done  that  Gentn.  You'll  therefore  oblige 
me  by  putting  the  Inclosed  in  the  next  Gen1  Orders. 

Yr  Obed*  Serv* 

ALEXB  SPOTSWOOD  Col° 

Col°  Spotswood  being  convinc'd  that  he  was  wrong  in 
putting  Major  Peers  under  an  Arrest  is  extreamly  sorry 
for  it. 
To  COL°  JOHN  PICKERING  ADJT  GENL. 

After  Orders. 

The  Militia  of  the  state  of  New  Jersey  who  assembled  on 
the  late  alarm  by  signal  are  dismissed  with  the  Cordial 
thanks  of  the  Commr  in  Chief  for  the  readiness  in  which 
they  turn'd  out  and  the  spirit  and  bravery  they  have  shown 
in  harrassing  the  Enemy  and  preventing  their  incursions, 
such  manly  exertions  in  the  Militia  must  prove  highly 
discouraging  to  the  enemy  and  while  this  spirit  remains  no 
danger  is  to  be  apprehended  from  their  future  attempts. 
The  Rain  having  prevented  the  Execution  of  a  part  of 
the  after  orders  of  yesterday  every  Brigade  and  Corps  of  the 
Army  is  to  parade  tomorrow  morning  at  4  o'clock  if  it 
should  not  rain,  the  After  orders  in  other  Respects  to  be 

punctually  complied  with. 

T.  PICKERING  A.  G. 

B.  O.  June  23rd  1777 

A  Subaltern  one  Serj*  and  12  Privates  who  are  least  fit 
for  duty  and  who  have  the  worst  Arms  to  be  Paraded 
tomorrow  morning  at  4  o'clock  as  a  Baggage  Guard  for 
the  Brigade  Capfc  Terrell  of  the  5th  will  take  the  Command. 

P.  M.,  B.  G. 


26  General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

G.  0.         HEAD  QUARTERS  QUIBBLE  TOWN  June  24th  1777 

In  case  of  an  Alarm  the  Army  is  to  be  drawn  up  in  two 
lines  on  the  Northern  side  of  the  Brook,  Gen1  Greens  divis- 
ion on  the  Right,  Gen1  Lincolris  on  the  left  of  the  front  line. 
Gen1  Stephens  division  on  the  right  of  the  second  Line  & 
Brigr  Gen1  Parsons  Brige  on  the  left  of  the  second  line  to  be 
join'd  by  Gen1  Yarnums  when  he  comes  up.  The  troops 
to  make  the  best  shelter  they  can  with  Boughs  of  trees, 
each  Brig6  will  Mount  a  Quarter  Guard  and  each  division 
furnish  a  Subaltern  two  Serj*8  2  Corp5  and  25  Men  for 
Pickets  to  Parade  forthwith  near  the  Brigade. 

The  Alarm  will  be  made  by  the  firing  of  two  field  Pieces 
upon  which  the  whole  army  is  to  muster  and  take  the 
ground  shown  to  the  Brig0  with  all  possible  dispatch.  The 
Park  of  Artillery  to  form  in  the  Center  of  the  first  Line. 

Majr   Gen1   for  to  day Lincoln 

Brigr Parsons 

Field  Oflicers  Col°  Broadhead,  L<  Col°  Butler 
Brig6  Major Humphries 

G.  0.        HEAD  QUARTERS  QUIBBLE  TOWN  June  25th  1777 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow   .     .     .  Stephen 

Brigr        Woodford 

Field  Officers  Col°  Sears     .     .    Majr  Hays 
Brigade  Majr Swaine 

The  Picquets  to  be  relieved  this  day  at  10  o'clock  A.  M. 
tomorrow  8  o'clock  the  Usual  Hour,  whenever  any  firing  or 
any  thing  else  unusual  in  the  Camp  is  permitted  by  the 
Majr  Gen1  of  the  day,  he  is  immediately  to  report  it  to  the 
Commr  in  Chief  to  prevent  any  unnecessary  Inquiries  into 
the  Cause  of  it. 

The  Officers  are  always  to  take  the  most  particular  care, 
that  no  damage  be  done  to  the  property  of  the  Inhabitants 
where  the  troops  are  Encamp'd. 

The  inevitable  distresses  of  War  are  so  great  and  numer- 
ous that  any  addition  to  them  must  be  deem'd  to  proceed 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.          27 

from  Barbarity  &  Wantonness  alone,  more  especially  in  us 
by  whom  that  Property  was  designed,  and  ought  to  be 
protected. 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  27th  June  1777 

Majr  Gen1  for  Tomorrow       .     .     Stephens 

Brigr Woodford 

Field  Officers  Col°  Chambers  &  Majr  Rush 
Brig'  Major Day 

Commanding  Officers  of  Corps,  who  have  men  in  the 
Provost  Guard  against  whom  sentence  has  been  passed  & 
proved  are  desired  without  Delay  to  see  those  sentences 
executed,  it  being  Necessary,  Between  Col°  Bland  &  Col° 
Moiland  Col°  of  Horse,  Majr  Gen1  Sullivan,  Green,  Lord, 
Sterling  &  Lincoln  are  appointed  a  Court  of  Enquiry  to 
enquire  into  the  matter  hear  the  Pretentious  of  the  Parties 
&  determine  their  Ranks  the  Court  to  set  this  Afternoon  at 
5  o'clock  at  Gen1  Greens  Quarters  any  three  of  them  to  be 
a  Quorum. 

The  Commr  in  Chief  earnestly  desires  that  all  Gen1  Offi- 
cers in  case  of  an  Action  or  the  appearance  of  one,  will 
(when  practicable)  send  all  their  Orders  in  Writing  or  by 
an  A.  D.  Camp  or  Brigade  Major  to  prevent  the  uninteli- 
gable  and  Contradictory  Directions  which  are  too  often 
Conveyed  and  may  prove  fatal  to  the  Views  and  designs  of 
the  Commg  Officer. 

Inteligence  of  the  Enemy's  movements  and  approach 
they  are  also  to  Communicate  in  the  same  manner  to  the 
Officer  Commg,  otherwise  it  will  be  impossible  for  him  to 
make  a  proper  Disposition  as  the  Goodness  of  this  must 
depend  on  the  Certainty  &  precession  of  the  Information 
all  Officers  of  out  posts  are  to  Govern  themselves  by  this 
order  so  far  as  it  will  apply  to  their  case. 

The  Gen1  desires  an  Immediate  Return  to  be  made  out  to 
the  Adj*  Gen1  of  the  Kill'd,  wounded  &  taken  Prisoners 
since  Sunday  last,  Inclusively. 


28          General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

For  the  future  Commg  Officers  and  also  the  Commr  of 
Parties  from  time  to  time  to  make  the  like  Exact  Returns 
of  all  Prisoners  they  shall  take  from  the  Enemy  and  as  soon 
as  possible  after  the  Capture. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  June  28th  1777. 

Parole,  Lancaster  Csign,  Lindon  Ludlow 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow Stephens 

Brigadier Woodford 

Field  Officers  Lt.  Col°  Nelson  &  Majr  Richardson 
Brig6  Major Piers 

The  several  Regts  are  to  send  for  their  Tents  and  pitch 
them  where  they  are  now  posted. 

Orderly  Serjts  to  attend  at  head  Quarters  as  usual.  All 
Chaplains  are  to  perform  Divine  Service  Tomorrow  and 
every  succeeding  Sunday  with  their  Respective  Brigades  & 
Regts  where  their  situation  will  possible  admit,  and  the 
Commg  Officers  of  Corps  are  to  see  that  they  attend  them- 
selves with  Officers  of  all  Rank  setting  the  Example,  the 
Commr  in  Chief  expects  an  exact  Compliance  with  this 
order  and  that  it  be  observed  in  future  as  an  unavoidable 

• 

Rule  of  Practice  and  every  neglect  will  be  considered  not 
only  a  breach  of  Order  but  a  Disregard  to  Decency,  Virtue 
&  Religion. 

HEAD  QUARTERS  June  29th  1777. 

Parole  Manchester  C.  Sign 

Majr  Gen1  for  the  day  tomorrow.      .     .     Green 

Brigr Muhlenburgh 

Field  Officers  Col°  Spotswood  Lt  Col°  Febiger 
Briga  Major Swain 

The  Q.  M.  G.  to  make  a  proper  Distribution  of  Waggons 
amongst  the  Brigades  and  Corps  of  the  Army  in  proportion 
to  their  respective  number,  to  ascertain  which  he  will  apply 
to  the  Adj*  Gen1 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.          29 

G.  0.        HEAD  QUARTERS  MIDDLE  BROOK  June  30th  17Y7 

Parole  C.  Sign 

Major  Gen.  for  Tomorrow      .     .     .     Sullivan 

Brigr 

Field  Officers  Col°  Matthews  &  I/Col0  Willis 

Brig'  Major Mullen 

A  Special  Court  Martial  to  set  tomorrow  at  9  o'clock  at 
the  Usual  place  near  Gen1  Wayns  Quarters  for  the  Tryal  o± 
Majr  Stewart  of  the  second  Maryland  Reg1  Col°  David  Hall 
is  appointed  President  of  this  Court  Martial.  All  Witnesses 
to  attend,  all  Commg  Officers  who  have  non  Commission'd 
or  Soldiers  who  was  originally  Enlisted  into  the  Reg1  lately 
Commd  by  Col°  Small  wood  are  on  demand  to  deliver  them 
to  Col°  Stone  who  now  commands  the  same  Reg*  upon 
making  it  appear  that  they  were  so  inlisted. 

A  Large  Horsemans  Tent,  J.  H.  Stone  1st  Maryland  Reg* 
together  with  some  small  Tents  were  taken  from  one  Wag- 
gon on  the  late  march  to  Quibbletown  &  put  into  another, 
whoever  has  them  is  to  send  them  to  Col°  Stone  without 
Delay. 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  MIDDLE  BROOK  July  2 

Parole  C.  Sign 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow     .   Lord  Sterling 

Brigr Woodford 

Field  Officers  Col°  Palmore  &  Majr  Bayrd 
Brig6  Majr Day 

Advertisement 

Lost  between  Gen1  Wains  Quarters  and  the  Q.  M.  Gs  a 
Red  Morocco  pocket  Book  containing  about  60  Dollars  in 
Cash  with  sundry  valuable  papers  whoever  finds  it  and 
brings  it  to  Gen1  Wayns  Quarters  shall  be  handsomely  re- 
warded. 

The  whole  Army  is  to  get  ready  to  march  tomorrow 
morning  by  6  o'clock  with  the  tents  and  Baggage  all  prop- 


30          General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777. 

erly  put  up  in  the  waggons,  but  if  it  should  Rain  the  tents 
are  not  to  be  struck.  The  two  Regts  ordered  to  be  detach'd 
from  Lord  Sterlings  Division  towards  the  lound  are  not  in- 
cluded but  are  to  wait  for  further  orders. 

The  Honble  Congress  having  been  pleased  to  order  and 
direct  that  a  Deputy  Qr  Master  Gen1  should  be  appointed  to 
each  Division  of  the  Army  and  an  assistant  to  each  Brige 
and  left  the  said  appointments  to  the  Qr  M.  G.  with  the  ap- 
probation of  the  Commr  in  Chief  they  request  the  Majr  Gen 
&  Brigre  of  each  Division  to  recommend  a  proper  person  to 
discharge  the  duties  of  Deputy  Qr  Master  Gen1  in  their  Re- 
spective divisions  and  the  Brigr  or  Commg  Officers  in  each 
Brig'  to  recommend  an  assistant  in  their  Brigade  in  doing 
this  proper  care  and  circumspection  it  is  hoped  will  be  used 
as  the  comfort  and  good  order  of  each  Division  &  Brigade 
will  in  a  great  measure  depend  upon  the  knowledge  activity 
and  care  of  the  persons  they  make  choice  of. 

Order  of  March. 

1st  The  army  to  march  in  Sub  divisions  from  the  Right 
Gen1  Greens  division  first  then  Gen1  Stephens,  Gen1  Lincolns, 
Lord  Sterlings. 

2.  The  Artilery  of  each  Brig8  equally  divided  in  front  and 
rear  of  the  Brigade. 

3.  The  Park  of  Artillery  to  follow.  Gen1  Greens  division. 

4.  The  Baggage  of  Gen1  Greens  &  Gen1  Stephens  divisions 
to  march  in  the  rear  of  the  latter. 

5.  The   Baggage  of  Gen1  Lincolns  &    Gen1  Lord    Ster- 
lings division   to    march   in   the   rear  of  their  respective 
divisions. 

6.  Each  Brigade  to  furnish  a  proper  Baggage  Guard. 

1.  The  Front  Brigade  of  Gen1  Greens  to  send  forward  two 
Companies  as  an  advanc'd  Guard. 

8.  The  Brigade  of  Gen1  Stephens  division  to  find  the  like 
number  for  a  Rear  Guard. 

9.  Col°  Sheldons  horse  to  be  equally  divided  among  the 
divisions  of  the  army. 


General  Muhleriberg' s  Orderly  Boole,  1777.          31 

10.  The  Commissarys,  Qr  Masters,  &  Hospital  Stores  to 
move  in  front  of  the  whole,  under  the  care  of  the  Guards 
that  are  mounted  over  them  at  the  time  of  moving. 

This  order  of  march  to  remain  in  force  as  far  as  Morris 
Town,  to  be  alter'd  then  as  circumstances  may  require. 
The  men  to  cook  tonight  what  Provision  they  have  by 

them. 

TIM.  PICKERING  Ad*  G. 


G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  MORRIS  TOWN  July  4th  1777. 

Majr  Gen1  tomorrow Green 

Brigr Weedon 

Field  Officers        ........ 

Brigade  Major Peers 

As  it  is  impossible  to  tell  with  certainty  how  soon  or  how 
suddenly  the  army  may  be  call'd  upon  to  march  as  it  is  an 
event  depend*  entirely  on  the  Enemies  movements,  the  Gen1 
orders  that  no  Officer  or  Soldier  shall  be  absent  from  Camp, 
but  that  every  thing  be  held  in  the  most  Perfect  readiness 
except  stricking  of  Tents,  as  no  Opt'y  can  be  more  favourable 
than  the  present  to  get  rid  of  all  heavy  baggage  the  Gen1 
once  more  strongly  urges  the  Officers  to  store  what  they 
can  possibly  spare  at  Morris  Town.  If  after  this  Second  no- 
tice they  fill  and  lumber  waggons  with  old  Tables,  Chests, 
Chairs  &c  they  are  not  to  be  surprised  if  they  are  left  in  the 
field,  this  must  be  the  Inevitable  Consequence  of  a  scarcity 
or  failure  of  teems.  No  Fences  are  to  be  destroyed;  nor 
horses  turn'd  into  Fields  of  Grain  or  Grass,  before  they  are 
appropriated  by  the  Q.  M.  G.  who  will  also  direct  where 
wood  is  to  be  had  that  some  of  the  Waggons  of  each  Bri- 
gade may  be  employed  in  hauling  it  to  their  Encampments. 
After  Orders  will  Issue  out  at  4  o'clock  this  afternoon  for 
the  Better  Regulation  of  the  troops,  Waggons  &c.  upon  a 
march,  at  which  time  all  the  Brig8  Majors  will  attend  the 
Adj*  Gen1  that  they  may  distribute  them  as  soon  as  possible. 
The  Gen1  Observ'd  Yesterday  that  waggons  were  unequally 


32          General  Mulileriberg' s  Orderly  Bool:,  1777. 

loaded  the  waggon  master  have  now  an  Opty  of  attending 
to  that  matter  and  for  the  future  are  to  see  that  the  loads 
are  properly  adjusted. 

After  Orders. 

When  the  orders  are  given  to  March  and  the  men  are 
Paraded  for  the  purpose  the  Rolls  are  to  be  calPd  and  the 
Comrng  Officers  of  each  Corps  is  to  see  that  the  men  are  all 
present  or  know  with  certainty  where  and  why  they  are 
absent,  when  they  are  told  off  in  Subdivisions  or  Plattoons 
and  Officers  assign'd  to  each  they  are  to  abide  constantly 
with  them  and  upon  a  March  see  that  no  man  is  suffered  to 
quit  his  ranks  upon  any  occasion  without  a  non  Commd 
Officer  with  him  who  will  bring  him  to  his  place  again, 
whenever  any  halt  is  made  and  the  ranks  are  suffered  to  be 
broke  in  order  for  the  men  to  set  or  refresh  themselves 
Officers  Commg  divisions  as  above  is  as  soon  as  they  are 
ordered  to  arms  to  see  that  they  have  every  man  of  their 
divisions  in  his  place  if  either  of  the  Majr  Gen1  in  their 
respective  divisions  should  see  any  apparent  cause  for  a 
halt  before  the  time  and  place  design'd  for  it,  is  to  send  an 
A  de  Camp  to  the  Commg  Officer  with  the  reasons  for  it, 
who  if  he  judges  expedient  will  order  it  accordingly. 

When  a  March  is  to  begin  after  a  halt  the  drummers  is  to 
beat  the  first  division  of  the  foot  March  to  be  taken  from 
front  to  rear,  and  upon  the  last  flam  of  the  first  division 
being  struck  the  whole  are  to  move  if  any  man  falls  sick 
or  lame  and  is  thereby  unable  to  walk  the  Officer  Commg 
the  Subdivision  or  Plattoon  in  which  he  is  immediately 
to  send  notice  thereof  to  the  Brigr  or  Officer  Commg  the 
Brigade  who  is  to  order  the  Qr  M.  of  his  Brig0  to  provide  a 
birth  for  him  under  his  care,  and  as  it  is  impossible  the 
good  government  and  order  can  be  preserv'd  unless  every 
officer  will  take  his  share  of  duty  and  be  attentive  to  the 
discharge  of  it,  the  Comm'  in  Chief  directs  that  upon  a 
March  the  Majr  Genls  do  not  quit  their  Divisions,  the  Brigrs 
their  Brigades,  the  Col08  their  Regts  nor  other  Officers  their 


General  Mulilenberg' s  Orderly  Book,  1777.          33 

respective  Divisions,  unless  it  is  in  casses  of  absolute  neces- 
sity by  order  or  with  leave  each  watching  with  a  careful 
Eye  the  conduct  of  all  those  under  his  Commd  it  is  unrea- 
sonable to  expect  regularity  and  good  order  in  the  Common 
Soldiers  if  the  Example  is  not  set  by  the  Officers,  nor  can 
an  Officer  with  propriety  punish  a  Soldier  for  disregard  to 
any  orders  which  he  dispences  with  himself,  it  would  be  a 
happy  pride  and  most  laudable  ambition  to  see  the  Commg 
Officers  of  Corps  vieing  with  each  other  in  Disipline  and 
good  behaviour  as  much  irregularity  in  many  Instances  was 
observ'd  Yesterday  on  the  March  particularly  with  respect 
to  the  Guards  women  &  Waggons  the  Gen1  further  orders 
that  the  following  regulations  be  observ'd. 

1st  That  when  the  Waggons  accompany  the  Army  and 
form  part  of  the  line  of  March,  no  Reg*  to  alot  more  than 
two  men  as  a  Guard  to  each  waggon  and  those  men  to  be 
under  the  Care  of  a  Subaltern  or  non  Commd  Officer  as  the 
Col°  or  Commg  Officer  of  the  Reg*  may  chuse  and  the  case 
may  require  that  each  Brigr  furnish  a  Cap*  to  superintend 
those  and  where  the  baggage  of  the  whole  Division  moves 
together  each  Division  a  Field  Officer. 

2ud  That  the  two  men  assign 'd  each  Waggon  shall  march 
on  the  sides  but  as  far  back  as  the  tail  of  the  Waggon  that 
if  any  thing  falls  out  they  may  discover  and  pick  it  up,  the 
Sub  and  Non  Commd  Officer  to  be  abo*  the  Center  of  the 
Reg1  Waggons  a  Cap1  about  the  same  place  of  those  of  the 
Brigade  and  the  Field  Officer  in  that  of  the  Division. 

3rd  That  no  Woman  shall  be  permitted  to  ride  in  any 
Waggon  without  leave  in  writing  from  the  Brigr  to  whose 
Brig6  she  belongs  and  the  Brigrs  are  requested  to  be  cautious 
in  giving  leave  to  those  who  are  able  to  walk.  Any  woman 
found  in  a  waggon  Contrary  to  this  order  is  immediately 
to  be  turn'd  out  by  the  Qr  M.  G.,  Waggon  Master  Gen1  or 
any  of  their  assistance  in  the  Division  or  Brigade  to  which 
the  Waggon  Appurtains  as  also  by  any  of  the  Officers  who 
Commd  the  Baggage  Guard  of  such  Waggon,  if  any  inter- 
ruption is  given  to  the  Execution  of  this  order  the  name 
VOL.  xxxiv. — 3 


34          General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

and  Reg*  of  the  Person  giving  it  is  to  be  reported  to  the 
Gen1. 

4thlJ  None  but  spare  arms  and  such  as  belong  to  sick  and 
lame  men  shall  be  suffered  to  go  in  Waggons  as  they  are 
almost  certain  of  receiving  Injury  or  if  any  drummer  pre- 
sume to  put  his  Drum  into  a  Waggon  unless  under  similar 
Circumstances  a  Soldier  or  Drummer  so  offending  shall  be 
immediately  flogg'd  by  any  Officer  Commg  the  Baggage  of 
such  waggon. 

5th  To  prevent  the  inormus  abuse  and  loss  of  kettles  by 
slinging  them  to  waggons  from  which  numbers  fall,  the 
Gen1  possitively  orders  that  each  mess  in  turn  carry  their 
own  kettles  as  is  usual  in  all  Armies  and  can  be  little  bur- 
densome in  this,  the  Waggon  Master  to  furnish  with  a  copy 
of  the  order  of  March  or  at  least  so  much  of  it  as  relate  to 
his  department  by  the  Qr  M.  G.  and  in  common  would  do 
well  not  to  quit  the  Encampments  from  whence  the  army  is 
moving  till  he  sees  the  Waggons  in  Motion  and  Waggon 
Masters  assign'd  to  the  different  Brigades  of  Waggons  as 
they  march  the  Deputy  Waggon  Masters  are  when  they  have 
got  their  Waggons  on  the  move,  to  see  that  the  head  of  one 
Waggon  is  close  to  the  tail  of  the  other  and  that  no  stop  that 
can  be  possibly  avoided  is  suffered  to  water  Horses  except 
on  a  Gen1  halt,  they  are  not  to  stir  from  the  Brigades  they 
are  also  to  prevent  women  from  getting  into  Waggons  except 
leave  in  Writing  as  before  mentioned  by  the  Brigr  nor  are 
they  to  suffer  the  Soldiers  and  Lazy  men  to  do  so  or  others 
without  orders  from  the  Officer  Commg  the  Brigade  to  which 
they  are  annexed  as  before  mentioned  after  the  march  is 
commenced. 

In  all  marches  they  are  to  restrain  Waggoners  from  de- 
stroying Fences,  grain  or  Grass,  unless  first  appropriated  by 
the  Q.  M.  G.  or  his  Deputy  under  whom  they  Act  that 
Restitution  may  be  made  the  owners. 

No  Officer  or  Soldier  is  under  any  Pretence  whatsoever 
to  impress  horse  or  Waggon  but  by  order  from  the  Q.  M.  G. 
one  of  his  Deputies  or  his  Brigr  unless  he  happens  on  sepe- 


General  Mulileriberg' s  Orderly  Book,  1777.  35 

rate  Commd  when  such  application  cannot  be  made  and  the 
service  must  suffer  without,  in  this  case  a  Certificate  must 
be  given  specifying  the  service  and  any  Impressment  Con- 
trary to  this  mode  will  bring  Officers  into  Disagreable  situa- 
tion and  severe  punishment  to  the  Soldery. 

That  these  orders  may  be  well  known  and  duty  attended 
to  the  Gen1  directs  that  every  Officer  and  other  persons  con- 
cern'd  provide  themselves  with  Copies  of  them  as  the  plea 
of  Ignorance  will  be  altogether  Inadmisable. 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  MORRIS  TOWN  July  5th  1777 

A  Serj*  &  Six  men  from  Gen1  Muhlenburghs  Brigade  to 
parade  forthwith  at  the  Quarters  of  Bowdinots  Commissary 
of  Prisoners  near  Gen1  Mifflins  Quarters  and  receive  Mr* 
Bowdinots  directions  for  conducting  some  Prisoners  from 

hence  to  Corrells  Ferry. 

TIM.  PICKERING  Adt  G. 

A  Subaltern  Officer  of  the  same  Brigade  to  get  a  Horse 
Immediately  at  the  Q.  M.  G.  and  receive  Mr.  Bowdinots 
Directions  for  conducting  two  Officers  Prisoners  of  War  on 
Parole  to  the  Place  of  their  Destination. 

TIM.  PICKERING  A.  G. 

• 
G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  July  15th  1777. 

Parole  Countersign' 

Major  Gen1   for  tomorrow         .     .     .     Stephen 

Brigadier Muhlenberg 

Field  Officers  Col°  Lawson  and  Major  Murray 
Brigade  Major Swain 

It  was  yesterday  directed  in  Gen1  Orders  "  that  neither 
Officer  nor  Soldier  should  pay  a  salute,  or  pull  off  the  hat  to 
the  Commander  in  chief  or  other  Officer  passing  by."  And 
the  total  disregard  of  the  order  is  a  proof  of  how  little  pains 
Officers  take  to  acquaint  either  themselves  or  their  men  with 
the  orders  of  the  day. 


36  General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

Other  Orders  issued  the  4th  of  this  ins4  respecting  the 
march  of  the  Army  are  also  neglected  in  instances  which 
come  directly  under  the  observation  of  the  Commander  in 
chief  which  cannot  be  presum'd  to  proceed  from  any  other 
cause  than  ignorance  of  those  orders.  For  the  future  there- 
fore all  Officers  are  to  make  themselves  each  day  acquainted 
with  the  orders  of  it,  and  with  respect  to  the  orders  of  the 
4th  ins*  referr'd  to.  The  commander  in  chief  directs  that  the 
brigadiers  do  as  soon  as  possible  call  together  the  Officers 
commanding  Corps  in  their  respective  Brigades,  and  read 
to  them  those  orders,  and  the  commanding  Officers  are  in 
like  manner  to  assemble  all  the  Officers  of  their  respective 
Corps  &  read  to  them  the  same  orders.  And  all  who  are 
not  already  provided  are  forthwith  to  furnish  themselves 
with  Copies  of  them.  And  still  more  effectually  to  execute 
those  orders,  each  Brigadier  is  to  appoint  a  field  Off  to 
attend  to  the  march  of  his  Brigade  and  particularly  to  the 
waggons  of  it,  whose  business  it  shall  be  to  ride  backwards 
and  forwards  along  the  line  to  see  the  march  conducted  with 
propriety  and  agreable  to  orders. 

Advantage  is  to  be  taken  of  the  present  halt  to  get  the 
horses  shod  and  waggons  repair'd.  No  delay  is  to  be  made 
in  this  matter,  as  it  is  uncertain  how  soon  the  Army  may 
move  again.  And  for  the  same  reason  all  Officers  and  Sol- 
diers are  to  keep  near  their  Quarters  and  on  no  pretence  to 
ramble  about,  without  leave  first  obtain'd  by  Officers  from 
their  Brigadiers  &  by  Soldiers  from  their  Colos  or  Officers 
commanding  their  Corps.  All  waggons  are  to  join  their 
respective  Brigades  and  get  in  order  for  marching.  And 
when  the  Army  moves  again  the  Officers  and  Waggon  Mas- 
ters are  to  see  that  they  are  more  equally  loaded  than  they 
have  been.  And  when  any  men  fall  sick  on  their  march 
they  are  not  to  be  put  into  the  heavy  loaded  baggage  wag- 
gons, but  left  to  be  taken  up  by  the  empty  waggons  which 
follow  in  the  rear  for  that  end. 

The  Commanding  Officers  of  Corps  are  immediately  to 
make  returns  to  the  Adjutant  Gen1  of  the  clothing  most 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.  37 

wanted  in  their  respective  Corps.  And  as  the  Quantity 
of  Clothing  to  be  distributed  is  not  great  The  Commander 
in  Chief  desires  that  Officers  will  make  returns  of  no  more 
than  is  indispensibly  necessary  for  their  men. 

The  Commander  in  Chief  expects  that  all  Officers  will  use 
their  Utmost  exertions  to  cause  the  orders  heretofore  given 
to  prevent  the  destruction  of  property  to  be  strictly  observed 
and  consider  them  as  binding  at  all  times. 

Detail  for  guard  this  evening. 

Sub.  Serj1  C.  Priv. 
1.       1.       1.    15. 


R.  0.  CAMP  NEAR  CLOVE  July  16th  1777. 

Mr  Wm  Denis  Kelly  is  appointed  Adjutant  to  the  4th  Virg* 
Reg*  and  as  such  to  be  respected  and  obey'd. 

Lieu1  Col°  Taliafero,  Major  Beall  and  the  Cap48  of  the 
Reg*  present  are  requested  to  meet  and  fix  the  Off rs  who 
have  lately  received  Commissions  in  such  Comp8  as  may 
be  agreed  on. 

The  Adj*  to  make  out  a  weekly  return  of  the  Reg1  im- 
mediately. The  Officers  Commanding  Companies  to  be 
very  exact  in  their  Returns  &  Ace*  for  the  Alterations  since 
the  last  return  with  all  possible  Accuracy. 

It  has  been  reported  to  the  Commanding  Officer  of  the 
Reg*  that  some  of  the  Soldiers  did  contrary  to  Gen1  Orders 
fting  away  their  Camp  Kettles  when  they  March'd  from 
Morristown  I  wish  that  the  Officers  whose  men  have  been 
guilty  of  this  unjustifiable  measure  would  enquire  into  the 
matter  and  confine  those  soldiers  who  have  offended  in  this 
respect.  Gen1  Brigade  &  regimental  orders  to  be  read  at 
the  head  of  the  Reg1  at  retreat  beating  every  day  by  the 
adjutant  who  it  is  expected  will  punctually  attend  to  this 
order. 

Off*.,  for  Gd  this   evening  at  J  past  4 

LIEUT  DAVENPORT 


38          General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  July  17th  1777. 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow    .     .     .    Lord  Sterling 

Brigadier Wayne 

Field   Officers    Col°   Spencer   Ll    Col°    Parker 
B.  Major Ryan 

The  Gen1  Court  Martial  to  sit  this  forenoon  at  10  o'clock 
near  Gen1  Maxwells  Quarters  for  the  tryall  of  all  Prisoners 
which  shall  be  brought  before  them  Col°  Shrieve  is  ap- 
pointed Presid*  of  this  Court. 

Detail    Sub.     Serf     C.     P. 
1.         1.       1.     15. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  MORRIS  TOWN  July  5th  1777. 

Majr  Gen1  for  the  day     ....      Stephen 

Brigadier Scott 

Field  Officers  Col°  Bowman  &  Majr  Buford 
Brig*  Major Johnson 

The  Court  Martial  whereof  Col°  Stewart  is  President 
is  to  set  tomorrow  at  9  o'clock,  a  Serf  from  each  Brigade 
to  attend  the  Court  to  summons  Witnesses  and  perform 
other  necessary  services  that  greater  dispatch  may  be  made 
in  Tryal.  The  several  Regts  to  which  any  persons  who 
are  selected  as  Pioneers  have  been  return'd  as  unfit  for  duty 
are  forthwith  to  be  supplied  with  others  in  their  stead  Gen1 
Conway  Brig6  will  also  furnish  their  Quota  of  Pioneers,  the 
Cap*  or  Comrn8  Officer  of  every  Company  or  troop  must 
immediately  make  out  a  Muster  Roll  for  his  Company  or 
troop  taken  to  the  last  day  of  June,  the  troops  to  be  must- 
ered every  Month  and  with  the  greatest  exactness,  the 
strictest  attention  must  be  paid  to  this  duty.  The  date  of 
every  Soldiers  enlistment  whose  first  pay  has  not  been 
drawn  must  be  inserted  in  every  future  Muster  Roll,  the 
Officers  will  Remember  that  at  every  future  Muster  five 
Rolls  are  to  be  made  out  sign'd  and  sworn  to  by  the  Cap* 
or  Commg  Officer  the  Brigr  will  excuse  the  Reg1  from  duty 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.          39 

the  day  they  are  mustered,  if  Circumstances  will  admit 
of  it. 

The  firing  of  two  pieces  of  artillery  will  be  a  signal  for 
stricking  Tents  and  loading  the  Baggage  upon  which  it  is 
expected  that  every  possible  dispatch  will  be  used.  The  Q. 
M.  G.  will  endeavour  to  have  all  his  horses  shod  in  order 
for  a  sudden  march.  The  great  complaint  for  want  of  Shoes 
makes  it  necessary  for  the  Gen1  to  recommend  to  the  Com- 
mg  Officers  of  Corps  to  use  every  means  in  their  Power  to 
procure  this  necessary  article  for  their  men  and  not  depend 
solely  upon  the  Clohier  Gen1  whose  recourses  and  Opt'ys 
are  not  equal  to  the  demand  nor  does  it  matter  who  pro- 
vides them  as  the  soldier  is  only  intitled  to  one  Suit  from  the 
Public  or  the  value  of  it.  The  Gen1  directs  that  each  Reg1 
may  not  delay  providing  Oil  for  their  Locks,  this  is  easily 
made  from  the  Offel  from  the  Slaughter  pens,  the  men  are 
to  be  exercised  with  menuvring  while  lying  in  camp  here, 
this  is  to  be  done  in  the  cool  of  the  day,  the  General  orders 
that  no  soldier  shall  bathe  in  the  heat  of  the  day  nor  stay 
long  in  the  water  at  a  time. 

The  Slaughter  pens  are  to  be  remov'd  from  the  Brooks 
that  afford  water  for  the  Army,  the  Offel  to  be  buried  once 
a  day,  as  nothing  can  be  more  comfortable  and  wholesome 
to  the  Army  than  vegitables,  every  encouragement  is  to  be 
given  to  the  country  people  to  bring  them  in,  the  least  in- 
sult to  any  of  them  coming  to  or  returning  from  market  will 
be  severely  punished.  The  Gen1  recommends  temperary 
Ovens  to  each  Brigade  which  by  men  that  understand  it  can 
be  erected  in  a  few  hours,  bread  baked  in  this  way  will  be 
much  wholesomer  than  the  sodden  cakes  which  are  but  too 
commonly  us'd  the  Gen1  likewise  recommends  to  the  Brig™ 
and  Officers  commanding  Brigades  to  have  Springs  sought 
for  and  Opened  and  Barrels  sunk  in  them  for  the  more 
constant  supplying  the  troops  with  water  all  Commg  Officers 
of  Corps  are  to  see  that  proper  necessaries  are  provided  for 
the  sake  of  decency  and  clenliness.  Divine  service  to  be 
performed  tomorrow  in  all  the  Reges  which  have  Chaplains. 


40  General  Muhlenbcrg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

Advertisement. 

The  United  States  Lottery  tickets  are  to  be  had  of  Tho* 
Royson  at  the  Revd  Mr  Jones's  at  Morristown,if  any  remains 
on  hand  next  Wednesday  will  be  return'd  to  the  Office  in 
Philadelphia.  A  Fatigue  Party  from  each  Brigade  consist- 
ing of  Sujb- Serf fc-  9°r-  &  25  to  parade  at  their  Respective  Bri- 
gade parades  5  o'clock  tomorrow  morning  and  then  go  with 
a  proper  number  of  Waggons  to  cut  and  get  wood  for  their 
Brigades  this  party  to  be  under  the  direction  of  Mr  Ben. 
Lindsay  who  is  appointed  to  superintend  them,  the  Corp8 
Guard  at  the  post  office  to  dismount  this  day,  the  Q.  M.  G. 
will  order  a  Sentry  from  this  guard  to  be  plac'd  at  the  Post 
Office. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Letters  of  Thomas   Wharton,  1773-1783.  41 


SELECTIONS  FROM  THE  LETTER-BOOKS  OF  THOMAS 
WHARTON,  OF  PHILADELPHIA,  1773-1783. 

(Concluded  from  Vol.  xxxiii,  page  453. ) 

PHILADELPHIA  January  31,  1775. 

DEAR  BROTHER  SAMUEL  WHARTON, 

I  wrote  thee  on  the  18th  January  per  Capt  Osborn,  since 
when  none  of  thy  favors  are  received.  We  impatiently  look 
for  the  December  mail,  as  we  think  some  judgment  may  then 
be  found  of  whats  to  be  the  fate  of  these  colonies;  deep  and 
gloomy  are  our  prospects,  and  the  considerate  part  of  the 
inhabitants  greatly  fear  our  happy  days  have  departed  from 
us ;  as  they  cannot  see  how  peace  is  to  be  restored  without 
a  sacrifice  made  on  one  side  or  the  other,  which  perhaps  in 
some  distant  day  may  be  equally  prejudicial  to  the  empire, 
but  the  times  are  such  that  it  wont  do  for  me  fully  to 
express  my  sentiments.  The  enclosed  letter  from  Joseph 
Dobson  will  inform  thee  to  what  a  pitch  a  part  of  the  inhab- 
itants of  Maryland  are  got.  I  have  given  such  directions 
relative  to  the  powder  and  lead  as  appeared  to  me  most 
eligible  and  which  alone  could  any  ways  secure  the  payment 
of  what  the  people  thought  proper  to  take,  and  preserve  the 
remainder  of  the  goods  from  being;  destroved,  which  I 

O  O  t/ 

should  very  much  have  feared,  had  I  acted  a  contrary  part 
to  what  I  have  done.  Notwithstanding  a  part  of  the  people 
of  Maryland  seem  thus  fierce  especially  those  who  reside  to 
the  west  end,  most  of  whom  are  of  our  particular  sect — yet 
at  Annapolis  and  other  places,  a  check  has  been  given  to 
their  unjustifiable  proceedings,  for  to  be  plain  with  thee  tho' 
the  inhabitants  throughout  the  continent  disapprove  of  the 
several  late  acts  of  parliament  relative  to  Boston  and  Quebec 
and  think  them  both  unjust  &  impolitic,  yet  they  cannot 


42          Letters  of  Thomas  Wharton,  1773-1783. 

help  believing  that  a  particular  sect  are  working  those 
matters  up  to  a  much  higher  pitch  than  the  nature  of  the 
case  required,  and  doing  their  utmost  to  involve  the  whole 
continent  in  the  same  unhappy  predicament  as  Boston  is, 
not  doubting  when  thats  effected,  they  can  successfully 
oppose  our  present  state,  but  the  thoughtful  among  us 
cannot  help  asking,  what  is  to  be  the  next  step  if  England 
should  be  overcome?  This  question  sinks  deep  in  our 
friends,  for  although  we  think  our  parent  wrong  with  re- 
spect to  some  acts  of  parliament,  yet  we  have  reason  to 
believe  she  will  ever  redress  our  grievances  when  properly 
stated;  but  what  redress  is  to  be  expected,  what  civil  or 
religious  liberty  enjoyed,  should  others  gain  the  ascendency. 
Friends  have  published  a  short  epistle,  which  I  enclose,  this 
with  the  determined  resolution  of  very  great  numbers  to 
oppose  a  measure  which  it  was  said,  the  committee  intended 
to  adopt  of  learning  the  use  of  arms,  has  so  put  them  by 
their  [torn]  that  they  have  broke  up  without  recommending 
such  a  plan.  Indeed  they  knew,  that  a  large  body  of  us  I 
say  the  most  substantial  inhabitants  were  determined  to 
unite  and  openly  oppose  them, — I  most  ardently  pray  that 
the  measures  which  our  sovereign  and  the  parliament  may 
pursue,  may  be  such  as  to  restore  our  ancient  and  happy 
connection. 

I  suppose  our  Governor  will  by  this  mail  transmit  some 
further  accounts  relative  to  Conolly's  conduct  as  an  officer 
under  Lord  Dunmore,  the  accounts  say,  that  Conolly  with  a 
number  of  armed  men  came  a  few  weeks  ago  to  the  court 
house  of  Westmoreland,  there  seized  Capt.  Sinclair  prothon- 
itary  of  the  county,  and  made  him  give  security  in  £4000 
that  he  would  not  attempt  to  hold  a  court  &c  there. — 
Conolly  and  his  men  then  proceeded  to  the  prison,  and  set 
at  liberty  upwards  of  100  persons  confined  for  debt  and 
other  actions;  this  man  could  not  thus  act  without  the 
express  direction  of  his  only  support  Lord  Dunmore, — as 
for  Col.  Croghan,  I  have  not  received  a  line  from  him 
for  many  months,  tho'  he  must  have  received  several  letters 


Letters  of  Thomas  Wharton,  1773-1783.  43 

from  me,  I  know  not  the  reason,  unless  it  be  ray  hav- 
ing pressed  him  to  pay  or  secure  Bro.  Joseph  his  heavy 
debt. — 

Thou'l  find  by  the  public  papers,  that  the  New  York 
Assembly  have  refused  to  take  any  of  the  proceedings  of 
Congress  into  their  consideration,  but  intend  to  act  for  them- 
selves, had  our  contemptible  house  done  the  same,  we  might 
have  expected  some  good,  but  Dickenson's  politicks  turned 
the  scale,  and  caused  the  vote  to  pass  as  it  did,  and  our  Gov- 
ernor never  laying  down  before  the  House  the  instructions 
he  had  received  similar  to  those  of  Gov  Golden,  was  one 
great  means  of  its  being  effected,  for  had  the  house  seen 
that,  I  am  confident  they  never  would  have  gone  into  the 
vote  of  approbation  they  did. — Is  it  possible  for  the  crown 
to  suffer  such  conduct  to  go  unnoticed. 

I  am  informed  that  the  Jersey  Assembly  have  approved 
the  measures  of  the  Congress,  and  its  said  that  they  are 
again  at  high  quarrel  with  their  Governor  about  the  robbery 
of  the  Treasury,  he  violently  supporting  Skinner  the  Treas- 
urer. Indeed  it  clearly  appears  from  their  votes,  that  the 
Gov.  was  determined  to  oppose  the  Assembly  to  the  last, 
until  he  found  almost  a  unanimous  vote  to  petition  the  King 
against  him, — then  he  caused  Skinner  to  resign  the  office, 
and  this  Govr  is  greatly  lessened  in  the  good  esteem  of  the 

people. 

I  remain  &c. 

J.  W. 

PHILADELPHIA  May  6,  1775 

DEAR  BROTHER  SAML  WHARTON, 

By  captain  Falkner  I  received  a  letter  without  a  signa- 
ture, also  yesterday  thy  several  favors  were  delivered  me  by 
Doctor  Franklin,  who  is  arrived  in  a  good  state  of  health, 
and  time  enough  to  give  his  advice  and  assistance  at  the 
Continental  Congress  which  meets  here  on  the  10th; — but 
few  of  the  members  are  yet  arrived, — as  our  House  are  sit- 
ting I  should  expect  they  will  appoint  the  Doctor  as  one  of 


44          Letters  of  Thomas  Wharton,  1113-11 83. 

our  delegates ; — a  petition  was  yesterday  presented  to  the 
Assembly  signed  by  a  considerable  number  of  the  inhabi- 
tants requesting  them  to  call  a  way  and  means  to  raise 
£50,000  for  the  purchase  of  arms,  ammunition  &c  such  a 
sum  as  this  I  dont  expect  will  be  granted,  but  its  more  than 
probable  some  money  will ;  I  shall  not  presume  to  offer  any 
objections  to  such  a  plan,  lest  it  should  offend  any  person's 
patriotism,  but  be  assured  I  will  exercise  my  judgment  in 
such  matters  as  relate  to  my  civil  rights,  as  well  as  all 
others,  and  I  cannot  therefore  approve  of  the  letters  of  Jac. 
Smith  to  J.  Dobson  &  Co.,  notwithstanding  his  declaration 
of  having  the  knowledge  of  men  and  measures  superior  to 
other  people.  If  he  really  has,  why  should  he  risk  Dobson 
and  Co.  Surely  he  might  have  wrote  the  printers  directly 
under  a  fictitious  character  ; — but  I  leave  the  subject  with 
only  remarking,  that  I  see  but  little  consistency  with  respect 
to  men  and  measures ;  the  various  letters  in  my  possession 
at  one  time  calls  the  Doctor  all  to  nought;  now  he  is  every 
thing,  and  all  persons  whatsoever  are  implicitly  to  follow  his 
directions  and  advice. 

By  the  last  post  from  Maryland,  I  was  informed  that  the 
people  had  taken  possession  of  all  the  powder  and  lead  at 
Georgetown,  but  that  they  were  willing  to  give  their  Bond 
for  the  same  payable  in  6  months  @  130  percent  in  advance  ; 
we  wrote  to  Thomas  Richardson  on  the  subject  endeavouring 
to  get  immediate  payment,  stating  the  particular  disadvan- 
tage it  must  be  to  the  concerned  by  unsorting  the  Cargo, 
and  letting  them  know  that  powder  had  been  bought  by  our 
committee  @  £15  f^C.  that  W.  thought  under  every  circum- 
stance they  should  pay  the  same. 

By  letter  I  received  from  J  Alsop  of  the  3rd  inst.  I  have 
the  following  intelligence  "  Since  Sunday  week  &c  There 
are  20  companies  formed  in  this  city  who  are  daily  learning 
the  exercises,  they  may  amount  to  about  2000  men ;  the 
same  spirit  I  am  told  is  diffusing  itself  through  this  and  the 
neighboring  provinces. — I  was  told  by  a  person  of  good 
judgment  that  he  believed  there  were  upwards  of  70,000 


Letters  of  Thomas   Wharton,  1773-1783.  45 

men  on  the  continent  now  learning  the  use  of  arms. — Han- 
cock and  Adams  are  just  arrived  to  attend  the  Continental 

I  am  thy  affec  Brother, 

T.  W. 

PHILADELPHIA  May  13.  1775 
DEAR  BROTHER  SAMUEL, 

I  refer  thee  to  my  last  of  the  6th  Per  Capt.  Read  to  whose 
particular  care  I  delivered  the  packet  containing  newspaper 
&c--The  April  packet  is  not  yet  arrived  we  therefore  know 
not  if  Capt  Trent  be  in  her.  The  last  post  brought  me  a 
letter  from  Joseph  Dobson,  in  which  he  says  he  had  sold 
and  delivered  all  the  powder  and  lead  @  130  Percent  say 
128  Qr  Casks  of  powder  &  50lb  of  lead  payable  in  6  months 
for  which  some  responsible  persons  were  to  give  their  Bond 
to  me; — I  have  no  doubt  he  has  done  every  thing  which 
could  be  for  the  preservation  of  that,  as  well  as  the  rest  of 
the  property  at  Georgetown,  for  had  he  or  I  refused  to  let 
them  have  the  powder  and  lead,  the  people  would  have 
taken  them  by  force,  and  perhaps  refused  paying  for  them; 
indeed,  the  remainder  of  the  goods  would  not  have  been 
safe  ;  of  the  lead  there  are  6  Casks  marked  I  P  and  4  Casks 
W  T — to  the  temper  of  the  times  we  must  submit.  A  few 
days  since  I  also  received  a  letter  from  Cha8  McClure  (to 
whose  father  the  place  you  hold  near  Carlisle  formerly  be- 
longed)— he  seems  desirous  to  purchase  it  but  will  not  give 
more  than  £1 100  for  it,  and  that  I  am  to  be  paid  in  an  easy 
manner  to  him.  Now  I  think  yet  due  to  R.  Meredith  is  at 
least  £800  sterling  which  is  £1350  Currency,  and  I  suppose 
the  mortgage  to  C  Mifflin  with  inter:  is  about  £425,  and 
thou  may  remember,  I  was  assured  when  the  first  mortgage 
was  given  that  this  place  was  really  worth  £1700  or  £1800 
or  upwards.  I  beg  to  be  informed  whats  to  be  done  in  this 
case,  whether  it  shall  be  sold  for  that  price,  or  it  must  lay 
and  the  mortgage  eat  out  the  Avhole  estate  by  interest. 

The  enclosed  newspapers  will  generally  present  to  thy 
view  the  state  of  the  provinces;  little  but  exercising  &c  is 


46          Letters  of  Thomas   Wharton,  1773-1783. 

now  practised  in  this  once  peaceful  land. — The  Congress 
have  been  met  for  3  days,  but  little  or  no  business  of  mo- 
ment has  been  adopted  by  them,  as  they  wait  for  the  dele- 
gates from  Eh  ode  Island  who  are  expected  here  tomorrow, 
but  its  scarce  to  guess  what  steps  they  will  pursue,  but  be 
assured  I  have  reason  to  believe  they  will  in  no  shape  relax, 
unless  it  may  be  to  open  the  ports  to  Jamaica,  who  have  so 
nobly  stepped  forth. — On  the  15th  they  go  into  a  Committee 
of  the  whole  body  in  order  to  consider  of  ways  &  means  to 
find  men  and  money,  the  first  will  (I  suppose)  be  offered 
from  the  New  England  colonies,  but  I  cannot  think  that 
offer  will  be  adopted  because  it  will  be  making  them  Mar- 
shall at  the  expense  of  the  rest,  who  in  case  of  an  attack 
would  be  no  ways  prepared,  but  I  should  suppose  that  it 
will  be  agreed,  to  raise  and  embody  a  certain  number  of 
men  in  each  colony. — The  doctor  has  not  yet  [torn]  most 
men  believe  he  has  brought  over  a  plan,  if  he  has  we  may 
know  it  next  week. — All  the  Virginians  are  arrived,  except 
Patrick  Henry,  who  left  the  delegates  in  order  to  accom- 
pany a  number  of  men  to  Ld  Dunmore  to  demand  a  restora- 
tion of  the  gunpowder  he  has  seized,  and  some  of  the  gen- 
tlemen fear,  as  he  stays  so  much  longer  than  expected  that 
some  fresh  difficulties  had  occurred,  as  there  were  1000 
men  ready  to  back  him  &  compel  1  Dunmore  to  deliver  it 
up. — It  is  currently  reported  here  that  his  Lordship  did  de- 
clare if  the  Virginians  pressed  or  acted  in  an  hostile  manner 
he  could  emancipate  the  slaves  and  put  arms  into  their 
hands ; — could  he  act  so  diabolical  a  part  he  is  not  fit  to 
hold  the  reins  of  government. 

This  day  intelligence  from  Wyoming  is,  that  the  Connec- 
ticut people  had  again  entered  upon  those  lands  and  were 
determined  to  hold  them. 

I  dont  doubt  but  before  this  can  reach  thee  the  packet 
for  this  month  will  be  arrived  with  you  from  New  York,  in 
her  went  (among  other  passengers)  John  Walls  Esq  one  of 
the  council  of  that  province;  this  gentleman  was  charged  by 
some  base  annonymous  writer  with  having  written  to  Admr 


.  Letters  of  Thomas  Wharton,  1773-1783.  47 

against  the  colonies  &c;  this  he  has  most  positively  denied, 
and  the  people  are  satisfied  of  his  innocence;  the  real  de- 
sign of  his  sudden  departure  (as  I  had  it  from  3  of  the  dele- 
gates) was  to  present  to  the  King  a  real  state  of  that  prov- 
ince as  drawn  up  by  the  Govr  and  council,  and  approved  of 
by  the  new  provincial  committee  (the  Assembly  not  being 
called)  in  which  they  have  stated  to  his  Majesty  and  minis- 
ter the  impossibility  of  overcoming  this  continent,  as  the 
junction  is  so  completely  formed  and  that  the  people  of  New 
York  government  are  as  much  determined  to  oppose  those 
measures  adopted  by  administration,  as  any  other  colony. — 
I  have  just  received  advice  that  a  body  of  the  Massachu- 
setts people  have  gone  off,  to  take  possession  of  Ticonderoga 
and  Crown  Point  in  order  to  be  masters  of  those  passes,  that 
they  may  hinder  the  Canadians  and  Indians  from  attacking 
that  province  and  New  York,  its  supposed  that  a  number 
from  York  Government  will  join  them 

I  remain  thy  affec1  Brother 

T.W. 

PHILAD  June  10.  1775. 
DEAR  BROTHER, 

I  refer  thee  to  my  last  per  Capt  Woods  &  under  cover  to 
Anthony  Todd  Esqr. — I  was  a  few  days  since  favored  with 
thy  letter  of  April  13th  per  Major  Trent  who  arrived  in  good 
health;  the  contents  of  thy  letter  with  that  to  the  Trustees 
has  given  us  great  uneasiness,  as  the  communication  with 
Canada  seems  totally  cut  off  since  the  taking  of  Ticonderoga; 
Isaac  and  myself  have  been  much  agitated  to  find  a  suitable 
person  to  undertake  that  journey,  at  this  difficult  period. 
Samuel  Mchols  was  at  last  hit  upon,  who  with  an  alacrity 
that  does  honour  to  friendship  has  agreed  to  go  and  will  set 
off  in  2  days  by  stage  to  New  York.  I  shall  obtain  of  the 
delegates  a  letter  to  the  officer  at  Ticonderoga  and  Crown 
Point  for  assistance  but  whether  he  can  get  forward  is  yet 
uncertain.  He  has  agreed  to  go,  we  paying  his  expenses  and 
leaving  it  to  thyself  to  make  him  a  further  compensation; — 


48          Letters  of  Thomas  Wharton,  1773-1783. 

least  Capt.  Wood  should  miscarry  I  can  assure  thee,  that 
Col.  Pendleton  has  no  doubt  of  the  attachment  being  effect- 
ual. I  have  seen  the  advertisement  issue  from  the  court  of 
chancery  at  thy  suit,  a  copy  of  which  I  then  sent  thee,  or  by 
the  last  packet  from  New  York,  which,  I  know  not,  as  my 
engagements  for  thyself  and  Bro.  Samuel  takes  up  so  much 
of  my  time  that  I  cannot  copy  my  letters.  I  refer  thee  to  W. 
S.  for  news,  thy  family  are  pretty  well ;  I  remain  thy  affec 
Bro.  T.  W. 

PHILA,  December  7,  1775. 
DEAR  BRO  S.  W. 

By  this  mail  I  hope  thou'l  receive  a  long  letter  of  Nov.  30 
to  Dec.  4.  Its  absolutely  necessary  that  I  should  continue  the 
account  of  matters.  At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Trustees  they 
requested  me  to  inquire  the  time  which  theV  —  laws  limit  for 
recording  of  deeds.  I  did  of  some  of  the  most  eminent  men 
from  thence;  they  answered ;  two  years  for  nonresidents  was 
the  outside,  and  if  not  then  done,  the  lands  might  be  entered 
by  any  person,  and  titles  would  pass  &c.  This  account 
threw  the  Trustees  into  a  good  deal  of  uneasiness,  but  after 
some  time  spent,  and  some  observations  made  it  was  agreed 
that  the  laws  might  not  extend  &c.  Just  before  I  went  to 
meet  them  received  a  letter  from  the  One  Eye  dated  at  N° 
70  Nov.  26,  in  which  he  says  he  shall  be  at  Lancaster  the 
11th  and  begs  that  I  would  attend  with  N°  2  or  3  in  order  to 
liquidate  and  settle  every  matter  with  the  S. — of  63 ;  this  I 
find  will  be  no  ways  to  thy  interest,  and  therefore  as  he  has 
begun  this  unhappy  affair,  he  must  wade  through  it,  and 
when  he  comes  here,  I  shall  then  move  in  it  if  any  thing  to 
purpose  can  be  done,  be  assured  something  must,  &  that  ef- 
fectually, or  else  every  part  of  this  property  will  be  afloat 
and  perhaps  totally  lost  to  you.  Omit  no  opportunity  on  re- 
ceipt to  give  me  thy  full  sentiments.  Vessels  may  come  to 
the  continent  from  Lisbon,  Cadiz  &c. — After  the  account  I 
gave  had  been  canvassed  pretty  thoroughly  N°  14  said  he 
was  sure  that  all  the  S. —  would  agree  either  to  new  deeds 


Letters  of  Thomas  Wharton,  1773-1783.  49 

•  , 

or  any  way  we  should  think  best  if  they  could  but  be  put 
upon  one  footing  and  that  at  50  percent.  He  would  engage 
all  would  end  amicable;  much  was  said  there  upon  all  the 
T-  -being  of  the  opinion  it  was  absolutely  best  to  be  done. — 
I  took  time  to  consider  the  same  and  therefore  gave  no  an- 
swer;— my  reason  was  that  I  could  not  at  that  time  see  which 
way  it  could  be  done  without  affecting  N°  3  conveyance  to 
Walnut  Grove  for  T3¥th  but  on  my  walking  home  and  rumi- 
nating on  what  had  passed  I  was  satisfied  in  my  mind  it 
could  be  done  without  affecting  that  deed  say  by  all  the 
seven  shares,  releasing  to  the  S. —  who  only  hold  30  per- 
cent by  the  former  contracts  the  additional  rate  or  quantity 
proportionally  of  20  percent,  this  will  put  all  on  a  parr,  and 
its  agreed  to  call  them  all  to  this  place  in  6  weeks,  where 
matters  must  be  put  on  some  final  and  conclusive  footing; 
need  I  say  that  no  man  has  ever  had  a  harder  or  more  diffi- 
cult task  to  act  than  I  have,  and  believe  me  I  would  not 
pass  through  what  I  have  done  if  I  was  sure  of  gaining  a 
complete  seventh. — No  35  told  us,  he  must  go  this  day  to 
Burlington  and  No  2  being  there  he  meant  to  consult  him 
thereupon,  and  after  a  time  asked  No  14  if  he  would  go 
along,  which  was  agreed  to. — Its  more  than  probable  they 
will  endeavour  to  hatch  something  relative  to  the  T3¥th  but  I 
think  I  am  on  a  sufficient  guard,  if  I  could  only  have  liberty 
respecting  the  additional  20  percent. 

In  order  to  keep  fair  weather  as  much  as  possible  I  yes- 
terday asked  Col.  Cole  to  dine  with  me,  but  he  being  en- 
gaged could  not  come,  but  unexpectedly  breakfasted  with 
me  this  morning  and  we  have  had  much  conversation;  he  is 
reasonable  and  sensible  and  I  cannot  doubt  hearken  to  whats 
just. — May  I  drop  one  hint,  N°  14  three  days  since  expressed 
his  earnest  desire  to  be  on  good  terms  with  thee  and  de- 
clared he  would  do  every  thing  in  his  power  for  a  reconcil- 
iation ;  and  as  I  am  sure  its  both  for  thy  interest  and  peace 
of  mind  it  should  be  so,  I  sincerely  wish  thou  would  either 
divide  those  Tyh  between  the  three  partners,  or  let  me  as- 
sure N°  14  that  he  and  his  late  father's  family  shall  have  a 
VOL.  xxxiv. — 4 


50          Letters  of  Thomas  Wharton,  1773-1783. 

• 

share  in  the  [torn]  object.    If  either  of  these  are  to  be  done, 
which  I  am  convinced  will  be  for  thy  real  advantage,  do 

something  that  will  be  effectual. — 

I  remain  &c. 

T.  W. 

PHILAD  December  7,  1775 
ESTEEMED  FRIEND, 

The  acquaintance  which  I  had  the  honour  of  holding  with 
that  great  friend  to  his  country  Sir  William  Johnson,  em- 
boldens me  to  address  his  son  on  the  present  occasion,  more 
especially  as  it  relates  to  a  matter  executed  under  Sir  Wil- 
liam's immediate  patronage. — In  the  year  1767  and  1768 
sundry  accounts  were  furnished  by  my  Brother  Samuel 
Wharton  and  others  relative  to  losses  they  sustained  by  the 
Indians  in  1763  to  the  amount  £25916.  10.  8  New  York 
currency  and  which  accounts  are  mentioned  by  the  minutes 
of  the  Treaty  held  at  Fort  Stanwix,  to  be  lodged  in  the 
Indian  Paper  Office  at  Johnston  Hall ;  and  as  a  certified 
copy  of  the  general  account  wherein  the  sufferers  names  and 
respected  losses  are  mentioned  is  wanted,  I  now  take  the 
liberty  to  request  thou  will  be  pleased  to  give  orders  that 
the  same  be  made  out  and  transmitted  me  as  soon  as  may 
be;  the  expense  attending  which  shall  be  transmitted  as 
soon  as  I  know  the  amount  thereof.  It  will  ever  afford 
me  a  singular  pleasure  to  render  thee  any  acceptable 

service. 

I  am  respectfully  thy  friend 

T.  W. 

To  SIR  JOHN  JOHNSON,  BARONET. 

PHILAD  December  7,  1775. 
ESTEEMED  FRIEND, 

I  have  now  before  me  thy  letter  of  Nov.  10th  and  26th 
and  find  them  so  different  in  matter  that  I  shall  avoid 
making  any  remarks  upon  them  till  I  see  thee  which  I  ex- 
pect will  be  as  soon  as  the  intended  meeting  at  Lancaster  is 
over.  As  you  have  in  my  opinion  very  injudiciously  now 


Letters  of  Thomas  Wharton,  1773-1783.  51 

brought  the  land  affair  into  question  before  the  necessary 
papers  <fcc  were  prepared,  so  as  to  found  the  right  of  each 
sufferer  &c: — upon  a  just  establishment,  but  as  that  is  pass'd, 
its  the  desire  of  all  the  parties  here  that  nothing  further  may 
be  done  but  adjourn  yo.ur  meeting  to  this  city  to  come  to- 
gether about  6  weeks  hence,  which  will  give  us  a  proper  time 
to  obtain  from  Johnson  Hall  a  true  and  certified  copy  of  the 
names  of  the  sufferers,  and  the  amount  of  their  respective 
losses.  To  obtain  this  I  was  appointed,  and  have  accord- 
ingly this  day  wrote  to  Sir  John  Johnson,  for  I  believe  no 
man  of  consideration  will  attempt  to  establish  an  office  of 
so  much  consequence  as  the  one  proposed  must  be,  without 
such  a  paper. — It  has  been  suggested  that  the  traders  all  of 
them  accept  and  would  be  satisfied  with  50  per  C.  instead 
of  the  30  per  C.  reserved  to  them.  I  desire  thou'l  enter 
into  no  new  agreement  with  any  person  whatever  but  let  it 
rest  under  consideration  till  the  meeting  proposed  be  held  in 
this  city. — I  have  some  remarks  to  make  on  this  point;  its 
right  I  should  inform  thee  that  all  the  deeds  and  powers  of 
Attorney  left  by  I.  W.  in  his  wife's  possession  have  by  their 
Trustees  G.  M.  &  myself  been  examined  and  found  extremely 
clear  and  proper — but  this  breach  of  orders  has  been  entirely 
owing  to  thy  entering  into  measures  at  Fort  Pitt  totally 
contradictory  to  the  express  engagement  with  me,  and 
therefore  if  any  bad  consequences  arrive «thou  must  take  it 
on  thyself. 

I  forwarded  to  thee  by  P.  Baynton  on  the  8th  ult.  a  packet 
containing  3  letters  from  Maryland;  2  from  S.  W.  and 
1  from  myself;  I  have  heard  that  R.  Calendar  &c  broke 
them  open,  whether  they  have  since  been  delivered  I 
know  riot. 

This  I  send  by  Col.  Cole  who  I  think  a  sensible  and  rea- 
sonable man,  and  in  a  conversation  I  had  this  day  with  him, 
he  seemed  convinced  of  the  necessity  of  adjourning  the 
meeting  to  this  city ; — I  have  matters  to  confer  with  thee  on, 
which  will  not  do  to  commit  to  paper,  and  therefore  shall 
only  add,  that  I  think  it  most  prudent  for  me  not  to  attend 


52          Letters  of  Thomas  Wharton,  1773-1783. 


the  meeting  at  Lancaster  but  to  advise  tbee  to  act  with  the 
utmost  circumspection  and  to  let  me  see  thee  as  quick  as 

possible. 

I  remain  thy  Friend 

T.  W. 

• 

PHILADELPHIA  Decm  13,  1775 
DEAR  BROTHER  S.  W. 

I  have  already  written  thee  by  this  opportunity  under 
cover  to  A.  Todd  with  the  proceedings  of  Congress  Ver.  I 
have  this  moment  received  a  letter  from  G.  Morgan  of  yes- 
terday dated  at  Lancaster,  a  copy  of  which  thou  has  below. 
If  his  representation  of  Trents  conduct  be  just  (which  I  have 
no  reason  to  doubt)  I  think  it  so  very  extraordinary  that  I 
cannot  even  guess  at  the  reason  for  it,  and  therefore  after 
fully  ruminating  on  this  whole  procedure  [torn]  with  my 
last  letter  to  him  by  Col.  Cole,  requesting  he  would  not  take 
any  hasty  measures  in  so  important  a  work,  but  that  we 
might  consult  together  what  was  best  to  be  done,  to  which 
he  appears  not  to  have  taken  the  least  notice,  and  as  thy 
power  of  Attorney  has  fixed  either  him  or  me,  or  both  to 
proceed  in  the  liquidation  of  this  important  work,  thou 
must  not  be  surprised  if  I  relinquish  the  trust  thou  assigned 
me,  for  be  assured,  I  will  not  unite  with  him  or  any  other 
person  in  measures  which  I  deem  inconsistent  with  the  na- 
ture of  the  trust  reposed  in  me.  Thou'l  observe  the  in- 
tended meeting  is  to  be  held  in  this  city  two  days  hence, 
when  I  shall  be  able  to  speak  with  more  certainty.  I  see 
many  difficulties  I  shall  have  to  surmount  from  N°  14  N° 
2  &c.  &c. 

I  must  conclude  and  am  thy  aftec*  Brother 

T.  W. 

PHILAD  January  1st  1776. 
DEAR  BROTHER  S.  W. 

"We  are  now  entered  into  a  New  Year  and  I  pray  to  the 
great  disposer  of  events  that  he  may  so  change  the  hearts  of 
those  in  power  in  England,  that  they  may  from  a  principle 


Letters  of  Thomas  Wharion,  1773-1783.  53 

of  justice  and  right  agree  to  withdraw  their  armies  and 
treat  with  the  Americans  on  terms  becoming  both  them  and 
us.  I  mean  that  we  should  be  considered  as  freemen  having 
rights  and  privileges  inherent  and  belonging  to  us;  and  yet 
such  as  are  willing  to  contribute  their  proportions  to  the 
general  cause  of  the  empire,  when  applied  for  in  a  constitu- 
tional manner;  I  have  no  doubt,  nay  I  am  sure  notwith- 
standing all  the  preparations  for  opposition  to  England, 
nothing  would  be  more  joyous  to  the  body  of  the  people  of 
this  continent  than  to  see  an  opening  whereby  the  difference 
could  be  thus  settled. — As  my  time  is  much  engaged  I  can- 
not go  into  a  detail  of  the  proceedings  of  Congress,  but  may 
say  they  seem  determined  to  proceed  with  vigor,  have 
ordered  the  building  of  13  frigates,  and  voted  three  millions 
more  of  dollars. — Two  French  men  arrived  in  this  city  two 
days  since  and  have  made  their  application  to  Congress; 
their  business  is  a  perfect  secret  out  of  doors  therefore  thou 
must  not  expect  I  shall  hazard  a  conjecture.  Its  said  one 
of  them  is  a  count  or  marquis.  They  landed  from  the 
West  Indies  at  Providence  Rhode  Island,  and  proceeded 
from  thence  to  General  Washington,  and  its  said  communi- 
cated their  business  to  him.  He  has  just  sent  them  to  the 
Continental  Congress;  time  may  reveal  their  views. 

Thou'l  find  by  the  public  papers  that  a  large  body  of 
troops  are  arrived  in  the  French  West  Indies;  it  has  been 
a  subject  of  much  speculation,  what  they  can  be  designed 

for. 

I  conclude  thy  affec6  Brother 

T.  W. 

PHILAD.  June  25.  1776 

DEAR  FRIEND  NATHANIEL  SHAW  JR, 

The  Congress  having  thought  proper  to  order  my  old 
acquaintance  and  friend  Govonor  Franklin  into  your  parts, 
and  as  the  time  of  his  remaining  there  is  very  uncertain,  I 
am  induced  from  a  long  and  intimate  acquaintance  with 
him  to  recommend  him  to  thy  particular  notice  and  friend- 


54          Letters  of  Thomas  Wharton,  1773-1783. 

ship,  and  altho'  the  place  of  his  residence  may  be  so  far 
distant  from  thy  house,  as  to  render  it  impossible  for  thee 
often  to  see  him,  if  it  may  not  be  inconvenient  for  thee  to 
supply  him  with  what  money  he  may  have  occasion  for, 
during  his  residence  in  Connecticut,  I  therefore  request 
thou'l  let  him  have  what  sums  he  may  want  and  take  his 
drafts  on  me  for  the  same  which  shall  be  cheerfully  paid. 

I  remain  thy  real  friend, 

T.  W. 

PHILAD.  Sept.  12,  1776. 
RESPECTED  FRIEND, 

I  have  now  enclosed  thee  two  letters  which  came  to  my 
hands  some  time  since,  the  other  came  by  Lord  Howe  and 
sent  forward  by  General  Washington  to  Congress,  who 
opened  the  same  with  every  other  letter  which  that  noble- 
man brought  and  delivered  unopened;  the  other  was  di- 
rected to  John  Shaw,  but  as  he  could  not  understand  it,  he 
sent  it  to  me,  and  by  the  key  I  judge  its  designed  for  thee 

and  therefore  forward  it. 

I  am  thy  friend 

T.  W. 

PHILAD.  December  24,  1776 
DEAR  FRIEND, 

I  am  obliged  to  thee  for  thy  introducing  Thomas  Irvine 
Esqr  to  my  acquaintance.  He  is  certainly  a  sensible  judi- 
cious man.  As  Congress  have  left  this  city  he  setts  off 
this  day  for  Baltimore.  I  gave  him  a  letter  to  our  friend 
William  Paca  and  hope  he  will  meet  with  but  little  diffi- 
culty. There  came  a  cannister  some  time  since  directed 
for  thee  to  our  house,  the  necessity  of  the  times  has  induced 
my  mistress  to  break  its  bulk,  I  can  therefore  only  say,  I 
must  make  use  of  the  general  plea,  necessity,  and  promise 
to  satisfy  the  cost  whenever  thou'l  let  me  know  what  it  is. 

I  would  fill  a  sheet  or  two  in  telling  thee  of  the  present 
state  of  affairs,  but  that's  not  safe;  Gov.  Franklin  is  shortly 
expected  in  the  Jerseys  as  we  are  told  his  exchange  is 


Letters  of  Thomas  Wharton,  1773-1783.  55 

agreed  to  by  Congress.  The  English  army  has  laid  prin- 
cipally about  Trenton  though  they  have  by  detachments 
penetrated  below  Burlington,  and  its  supposed  will  be  here 
before  long. 

I  expect  and  hope  my  next  letter  from  thee  will  be  dated 
at  a  nearer  distance  than  thy  last  was. 

I  remain  thy  real  friend,  my  whole 
family  uniting  in  their  respects  to  thee, 
To  JOHN  ALSOP  ESQR  T.  W. 

PHILADELPHIA  June  23,  1777 
DEAR  GENERAL, 

Little  did  I  expect  when  last  I  had  the  pleasure  of  con- 
versing with  thee,  that  any  thing  could  arise  from  the  trans- 
actions of  any  person  to  whom  I  am  united  by  marriage  or 
otherways,  to  make  it  necessary  to  apply  to  thee  or  any  per- 
son in  authority  to  interpose  their  clemency  in  the  suspen- 
sion of  a  sentence  which  by  its  consequence  leaves  so  great 
a  stain.  But  Alas!  such  are  the  vicissitudes  of  human 
affairs  that  I  am  called  upon  to  inform  General  Sullivan 
that  Hudson  Burr  was  yesterday  brought  to  this  city  under 
a  guard  and  now  stands  confined  in  a  dungeon,  under  (as 
its  said)  the  sentence  of  death  adjudged  thereto  by  a  court 
martial  for  acting  in  the  capacity  of  a  spy  from  Genrl 
Howe's  Army.  I  have  not  thought  it  prudent  to  see  him 
and  therefore  cant  urge  any  thing  from  his  own  account  of 
the  matter  in  extenuation  of  his  crime,  but  on  application 
to  General  Armstrong  (who  now  commands  in  this  city)  I 
am  informed  that  the  proceedings  of  the  Court  Martial,  the 
warrant  for  his  execution  have  neither  of  them  been  trans- 
mitted to  him,  for  the  want  of  which  proceedings  his  rela- 
tions are  totally  at  a  loss  what  to  offer  in  mittigation  or 
extenuation  of  his  crime ;  yet  in  hopes  that  some  reasons 
might  be  collected  from  the  proceedings  and  offered  to  the 
consideration  both  of  his  Excellency  Genrl  Washington  & 
thyself,  I  am  induced  to  send  this  letter  by  express  to  thee. 
Suffer  me  to  call  upon  thy  humane  disposition,  and  to 


56          Letters  of  Thomas  Wharton,  1773-1783. 

mention  that  this  unhappy  man  is  descended  from  persons 
who  have  filled  some  of  the  first  civil  offices  in  this  Province, 
that  his  present  relations  are  equal  to  any  among  us  for 
unexceptionable  characters  and  affluence  of  fortune. — And 
altho'  they  can  by  no  means  justify  the  course  of  his  con- 
duct, yet  they  trust  from  General  Washington's  known  be- 
nevolence and  thy  own  humane  feelings  you'l  be  pleased  as 
its  the  first  offence,  and  we  do  hope  not  of  the  most  heinous 
dye  to  pardon  him.  I  cannot  help  mentioning  that  this  un- 
happy man  is  connected  by  marriage  to  a  virtuous  and  pru- 
dent woman  whose  sorrow  will  be  extremely  aggravated  by 
a  death  so  shamefull  as  the  one  usually  executed  on  persons 
charged  with  this  crime  besides  the  indelible  blot  it  will 
leave  on  three  innocent  children. 

If  my  dear  friend,  I  can  be  so  happy  as  by  this  applica- 
tion or  any  other  I  can  make  to  induce  thee  to  save  this 
unhappy  man's  life,  it  will  ever  be  remembered  by  me  and 
all  his  relations  with  the  greatest  gratitude. 

I  am  thy  real  friend 
To  MAJOR  GENERAL  SULLIVAN,  T.  W. 

PHILAD.  July  9th  1777. 
DEAR  GENERAL, 

I  did  myself  the  pleasure  of  addressing  a  few  lines  to  thee 
on  the  23rd  ult  and  forwarded  the  same  by  express,  but  the 
person  who  was  intrusted  with  that  letter  regardless  of  the 
duty  of  his  station  returned  without  waiting  till  it  might  be 
convenient  to  thee  to  favor  me  with  thy  answer,  whereby 
the  distressed  wife  and  other  relations  of  Hudson  Burr 
remain  as  yet  totally  at  a  loss  what  to  conclude  respecting 
his  unhappy  state;  this  opportunity  presenting  by  our 
mutual  friend  Joseph  llewes  Esq.  I  arn  induced  again  to 
intrude  on  thy  time,  at  least  so  much  of  it  as  may  be 
necessary  to  call  to  thy  recollection  the  state  of  this  un- 
fortunate relation  of  my  wife's,  hoping  thou'l  think  it  con- 
sistent with  Justice  to  order  him  released  from  confinement, 
and  thereby  enable  him  to  pursue  his  former  occupation, 


Letters  of  Thomas  Wharton,  1773-1783.  57 

that  he  may  assist  in  the  support  of  a  worthy  woman  and 
three  tender  children.  I  the  more  cheerfully  undertake 
this  application,  because  from  the  accounts  which  I  have 
seen  I  do  believe  him  innocent  of  any  intent  to  act  in 
the  character  of  a  spy, — and  in  order  that  General  Sullivan 
may  have  an  opportunity  of  considering  a  piece  of  testimony 
in  his  favor,  I  have  now  taken  the  liberty  of  enclosing  for 
thy  perusal  the  copy  of  a  letter  yesterday  transmitted  me  by 
David  Shoemaker  containing  such  declarations,  while  they 
both  were  in  New  York,  as  must  evince  to  a  mind  so  im- 
partial as  thine  that  he  could  not  have  had  the  least  thought 
of  entering  the  Army  under  thy  Command  with  intentions 
so  inimical  as  the  character  of  a  spy  implies. 

I  could  say  much  on  this  subject,  but  confiding  in  thy 
clemency,  and  the  justice  of  his  cause,  as  well  as  being  de- 
sirous not  to  intrude  too  much  on  thy  time,  I  shall  close 
this  letter  with  once  more  intreating  thy  compassionate  re- 
gard to  his  tender  wife  &  harmless  children,  hoping  I  shall 
have  the  satisfaction  of  soon  hearing  from  thee 

I  remain  with  much  respect  thy  real  friend 

T.  W. 
To  MAJOR  GENRL  SULLIVAN. 


PHILAD.  May  11,  1778. 

ESTEEMED  FRIENDS, 

It  is  with  great  concern  that  I  have  to  address  you  on 
a  subject  so  distressing  as  the  present  is ;  yet  as  the  whole 
race  of  man  is  subject  to  dissolution  so  the  virtuous  and 
great  must  witness  that  transition  which  takes  them  from 
time  to  eternity,  from  works  to  rewards,  this  has  been  the 
consolation  of  the  good  in  all  ages  and  it  therefore  does  not 
become  us  to  repine,  when  in  our  day  we  behold  the  man 
who  has  been  a  useful  member  of  our  Society  taken  from  us, 
altho'  we  scarce  know  where  to  look  for  such  as  will 
happily  fill  that  void  which  bis  death  has  occasioned  ;  this 
is  truly  the  circumstance  with  us.  We  have  scarcely  so 
great  a  minister  now  left  in  the  Society  as  our  dear  friend 


58          Letters  of  Thomas  Wharton,  1773-1783. 

John  Hunt  was.  His  ministry  became  more  and  more 
powerful  as  his  lamp  was  burning  out,  and  his  qualifica- 
tions seemed  to  increase  as  he  approached  the  borders 
of  that  celestial  abode  he  had  so  often  to  preach  to  the 
people  of. — 

You  no  doubt  have  been  informed  that  a  number  of 
Friends  about  eight  months  since  were  apprehended  by  the 
powers  of  this  Province  &  banished  by  order  of  Congress 
into  Virginia,  and  that  our  dear  friend  was  one  of  the  num- 
ber. He  continued  the  enjoyment  of  his  health  and  spirits 
till  about  the  middle  of  February,  when  he  was  taken  with  a 
cold  and  fever  which  after  some  days  we  were  in  hopes  was 
growing  better,  when  on  the  23rd  in  the  evening  he  was  sud- 
denly seized  with  the  loss  of  the  use  of  his  left  leg  &  foot 
and  altho'  every  means  in  our  power  was  used  to  restore  the 
parts,  it  proved  ineffectual,  and  he  continued  growing 
worse  till  the  22nd  of  the  next  month,  when  an  amputation 
was  determined  on  and  that  day  was  performed  by  two  of 
the  best  surgeons  those  parts  afforded.  Our  dear  friend 
bore  this  painful  operation  with  a  fortitude  becoming  a 
Christian  and  we  had  for  some  days  the  pleasing  hope  that 
he  would  be  restored  to  his  family  and  friends,  but  alas ! 
what  are  the  prospects  or  hope  of  man;  in  seven  or  eight 
days  from  the  amputation  he  visibly  changed  for  the  worse, 
and  we  had  to  behold  this  great  man  verging  towards 
eternity  with  that  serenity  &  composure  which  give  a 
happy  prospect  of  the  excellency  of  his  change,  and  how- 
ever those  cruel  men  may  feel,  who  have  been  the  cause 
of  our  thus  unjustly  suffering  near  8  months  banishment, 
I  can  have  no  doubt  but  the  change  is  to  his  eternal 
advantage. 

Pretty  early  in  his  sickness  he  told  me  he  had  no  will  by 
him,  and  seemed  under  some  difficulty  about  making  one; 
after  I  had  heard  his  reason  for  delaying  it,  I  could  not  help 
informing  him,  that  they  did  not  appear  to  me  of  sufficient 
weight  to  defer  any  longer  so  necessary  a  work.  He  next 
day  committed  to  paper  the  heads  of  his  will,  and  after  it 


Letters  of  Thomas  Wharton,  17 7 3-17 88.  59 

was  a  little  digested  it  was  transcribed  and  executed,  and  a 
few  days  after  he  thought  proper  to  add  a  codicil  thereto ; 
the  present  unhappy  state  of  this  country  is  such  that  no 
office  subsists  wherein  I  can  legally  prove  the  will  or  obtain 
an  authenticated  copy  thereof;  I  nevertheless  judged  it 
prudent  to  transmit  you  a  true  and  correct  copy  thereof 
whereby  you'l  be  informed  that  you  are  part  of  his  Execu- 
tors and  of  the  directions  he  has  left  concerning  his  affairs ; 
nothing  in  this  life  he  so  ardently  desired  as  the  payment 
of  his  just  debts,  and  I  can  have  no  doubt  had  his  life  been 
spared,  and  the  times  would  have  admitted,  he  would  have 
given  his  friends  in  England  that  proof  of  his  sincere  and 
upright  conduct  as  would  have  been  very  acceptable  to 
them,  but  as  that  is  now  at  an  end,  it  well  becomes  those, 
who  undertake  the  management  of  matters,  to  use  their 
best  endeavours  to  fulfill  his  desire. — 

As  it  is  but  a  few  days  since  our  return  to  this  city,  and 
the  state  of  affairs  are  such  that  no  one  can  move  in  any  thing 
that  relates  to  the  adjustment  of  a  man's  private  affairs,  we 
must  be  content  to  take  an  inventory  of  what  effects  he 
has,  which  shall  be  transmitted  to  you  as  soon  as  conveni- 
ently can  be  done. 

As  no  part  of  his  books  or  papers  have  been  looked  into 
its  impossible  for  me  to  give  you  any  opinion  as  to  the  state 
of  his  affairs,  and  when  that  can  be  done  I  can  at  present 
form  no  judgment.  Indeed  it  looks  probable  that  it  scarce 
can  be  until  some  settlement  of  this  unhappy  dispute  shall 
take  place. 

I  understand  that  our  friend  was  agent  to  the  Jersey 
Society  and  that  he  had  labored  in  an  essential  manner  to 
the  recovery  of  their  Estate  both  in  New  Jersey  and  this 
province.  It  will  certainly  be  right  to  inform  them  of  his 
decease  that  they  may  appoint  another  agent  who  may 
adjust  their  affairs  with  the  Executors  whenever  it  can  be 
done,  and  indeed,  that  he  had  papers  of  great  value  belong- 
ing to  some  other  persons  in  London,  but  as  his  papers, 
deeds  &c.  have  not  been  looked  into  its  impossible  for  me 


60          Letters  of  Thomas  Wharton,  1773-1783. 

to  Bay  any  thing  relative  to  tbe  situation  they  are  in,  or 
to  whom  they  belong;  this  letter  intending  chiefly  to  ap- 
prise you  of  his  death  and  in  what  manner  he  has  left 
his  affairs. 

I  conclude  your  real  friend 

To  THOMAS  CORBYN  AND  T.  W. 

JOSEPH  TALWIN  IN  LONDON. 

PHILAD  318t  May  1783. 

MUCH    ESTEEMED    FRIEND 

JOSEPH  GALLOWAY, 

The  pleasing  intercourse  that  subsisted  between  us  for 
many  years  has  been  long  interrupted  by  the  many  difficul- 
ties that  have  happened  since  our  separation,  yet  I  trust 
we  are  often  remembered  by  one  another  in  a  degree  of 
that  love  which  neither  time  nor  distance  can  wear  out  but 
will  last  &  continue  when  time  shall  be  no  more.  Thy 
tryals  and  difficulties  are  many  and  I  sympathise  with  thee; 
mine  though  different  are  not  few,  may  we  so  profit  under 
them,  that  they  may  tend  to  our  happiness  and  unceasingly 
hereafter. — This  I  expect  will  be  delivered  to  thee  by  our 
mutual  friend  Samuel  Fisher,  and  having  so  good  an  op- 
portunity, could  not  omit  a  little  reviving  our  acquaint- 
ance, tho'  my  present  situation  renders  it  very  difficult.  I 
thought  well  just  to  mention  to  thee  respecting  our  pur- 
chase from  George  Croghan  suppose  30,000  Acres,  that  I 
have  paid  off  our  obligation  to  Hugh  Roberts  so  long  ago 
as  the  year  1-776  and  thy  share  of  the  purchase  and  interest 
amounts  now  to  a  considerable  sum.  But  as  to  what  we 
are  to  receive  from  our  purchase  it  appears  as  uncertain 
and  to  human  prospects  as  far  off  as  at  any  time.  Yet 
nevertheless  if  it  should  be  more  agreeable  to  thy  mind  to 
convey  thy  part  of  the  premises  to  me  in  consideration  of 
my  payment  of  thy  part  of  the  obligation  to  Hugh  Roberts, 
than  to  pay  the  money,  I  am  willing  to  take  a  conveyance 
from  thee,  as  it  appears  even  now  at  best  but  a  specula- 
tion. But  however  notwithstanding  what  I  have  said  on 


Letters  of  Thomas  Wharton,  1773-1788.  61 

this  occasion,  believe  me  I  am  far,  very  far  from  desiring 
thee  to  do  it  except  it  is  consistent  with  thy  judgment.  It 
is  not  probable  that  I  shall  see  thee  where  thou  art,  but  if 
in  the  course  of  events  see  it  right  and  should  return  to  thy 
native  country,  it  will  be  a  very  pleasing  circumstance,  and 
which  I  with  many  of  thy  friends  much  desire.  Myself 
and  family  at  present  enjoy  a  pretty  good  share  of  health; 
having  nothing  farther  at  present  to  add  I  conclude  with 
unfeigned  love  to  thee  and  thy  daughter  Elizabeth  in 
which  my  wife  and  children  join  and  remain  thy  aifecd 

friend. 

T.  W. 


62  Letters  of  Robert  Proud. 


LETTEES   OF  KOBEKT  PROUD. 

[The  following  letters  of  Robert  Proud,  the  Tory  schoolmaster  and 
historian,  written  in  Philadelphia  while  that  city  was  in  the  possession 
of  the  British  and  addressed  to  his  brothers  William  and  John,  in  Eng- 
land, are  copied  from  his  letter  book  in  the  Manuscript  Department  of 
the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.] 

PHILADELPHIA  12  mo.  1st.  1777. 
DEAR  BROTHER 

Wm  Proud, 

After  more  than  two  years  Interruption  of  our  Corre- 
spondence, during  which  time,  if  I  mistake  not,  I  have 
neither  wrote  nor  received  any  Letter  from  thee,  the  way 
is  now  again  opened  between  us,  the  King's  Troops  having 
taken  Possession  of  this  City  by  Land,  on  the  26th  of 
9  mo.  last.  The  obstructions  sunk  in  the  River,  about  9 
miles  below  it,  have  proved  a  more  difficult  and  tedious 
Affair  to  the  Fleet  and  Shipping,  and  have  kept  them  em- 
ployed till  very  lately;  insomuch,  that  in  the  Meantime  the 
Inhabitants  of  this  Place  were  threatened  with  great  In- 
convenience and  distress,  thro  Want  of  Provisions  and 
Necessaries,  from  the  Country ;  of  which  the  Rebel  Army 
had  left  it  very  bare  and  destitute,  having  at  their  Depart- 
ure; a  few  days  before  the  British  Forces  arrived  not  only 
carried  off  almost  every  Thing  of  that  Nature,  except  only 
what  was  immediately  wanted  for  the  present  Use  of  the 
Inhabitants,  and  taken  away  every  Boat  and  vessel  in  the 
Harbour,  under  Pretence  that  if  they  were  left,  they  might 
be  serviceable  to  their  Enemies,  but  also  ever  since  they 
have,  with  too  much  Success,  used  every  Measure  in  their 
Power  to  prevent  its  being  in  the  least  supplied,  still  re- 
maining around  it  either  at  a  small  or  greater  Distance, 
receeding  as  the  King's  Troops  make  any  Motion  towards 
them.  But  this  situation  of  Affairs  appears  now  in  a  likely 


Letters  of  Robert  Proud.  63 

way  to  be  removed  by  the  arrival  of  the  Fleet  and  Shipping 
before  the  City,  within  these  few  Days  past,  consisting  of 
several  hundred  Sail,  great  and  small,  and  by  Reason  of 
some  Part  at  least,  of  the  Country  being  in  a  much  fairer 
Way  to  be  speedily  opened  than  heretofore. 

My  present  writing  is  not  intended  to  be  particular  on 
these  Affairs,  which  may  be  Deferred  till  another  Time,  but 
in  the  midst  of  the  Calamities  of  this  Place  and  Country 
chiefly  to  acquaint  my  Relations,  with  my  present  Health 
and  safety;  on  Account  of  which,  on  the  Commencement 
of  open  Rebellion  here,  I  had  so  great  Reason  to  fear, 
having  not  only  been  obnoxious  to  the  Incendiaries  and 
Usurpers,  put  also  particularly  pointed  out  and  threatened 
by  them,  more  than  many  others,  who  are  now  suffering 
more  than  I  do,  thro  the  Anarchy  and  Tyranny  that  has 
reigned  here  or  for  their  not  joining  in  the  Rebellion  and 
acknowledging  the  Usurpation.  But  as  I  have  always  since 
that  time  lived  in  a  very  private  and  retired  Way,  even  like 
a  Person  dead  amidst  the  Confusions,  and  conversing  more 
with  my  Books  than  with  Persons,  who  are  so  universally 
tainted  more  or  less  with  the  general  Evil,  and  scarcely 
ever  departing  above  two  Miles  from  my  Place  of  Abode 
for  several  years.  Contrary  to  my  Expection  I  have  suf- 
fered no  Abuse,  nor  ever  been  molested,  which  I  consider  as 
a  Providential,  and  very  remarkable  Favour;  and  tho  this 
Manner  of  Life  may  have  subjected  me  to  much  Disadvan- 
tage as  to  my  temporal  Interest,  by  accustoming  myself  so 
much  to  an  inactive  Habit,  to  which  I  have  been  thought 
to  be  naturally  too  much  addicted,  yet  I  believe  it  has  been 
a  great  Means  of  singularly  preserving  me  from  imminent 
Danger,  to  which  I  considered  even  my  Life  to  be  nearly 
engrossed. 

But  it  has  not  fared  so  well  with  a  Number  of  my  Friends 
and  Acquaintances;  twenty  of  whom,  mostly  Friends,  and 
all  Citizens  of  this  Place,  a  few  days  before  the  King's 
Troops  approached  nigh  the  City,  were  suddenly  seized  by 
the  usurpation  and  banished  into  the  back  Parts  of  Vir- 


64  Letters  of  Robert  Proud. 

ginia;  where  they  still  remain  in  exile;  several  of  them 
being  Persons  of  the  first  Rank,  Fortune  and  Esteem,  both 
in  the  City  and  in  the  Society.  Many  others,  whose  Names 
had  already  been  taken,  designed  for  similar  Treatment  and 
the  same  Proceedings,  were  said  to  be  forming  against  a 
third  Class,  consisting  of  a  much  larger  Number,  even 
several  hundreds,  mostly  Quakers,  with  an  increasing  sever- 
ity and  Celerity ;  many  of  us  looking  with  Expectation, 
whose  Turn  would  be  next,  not  doubting  but  that  the  often 
threatened  Consequence  of  Confiscations  of  Estates  and 
Death  would  follow,  without  the  timely  Interposition  of 
superior  Power.  It  will  perhaps  be  needless  here  to  say, 
that  these  Persons,  who  were  thus  banished  from  their  near- 
est Connections  were  regarded  as  not  favoring  the  Rebellion, 
and  by  their  Persecutors  called  Enemies  to  their  Country, 
otherwise  to  their  Proceedings ;  but  that  they  with  many 
others,  notwithstanding  the  general  Revolt,  had  remained 
entirely  inactive  either  for  or  against  it,  excepting  some  of 
them,  I  mean  such  as  were  Quakers,  occasionally  using 
their  Persuasions  to  Peace;  which  was  the  most  that  could 
prudently  be  expected  from  Persons  in  their  Situation,  is,  I 
believe,  a  truth,  that  may,  with  great  Certainty  be  men- 
tioned and  relied  on;  and  that  nothing  criminal  was,  or 
could  be  proved  against  any  of  them  even  by  their  Enemies 
nor  the  supporters  of  the  Usurpation  itself;  of  which  they 
were  so  conscious  as  to  send  them  into  Exile  without  so 
much  as  a  Hearing  tho'  loudly  called  for  by  the  sufferers. 
But  the  Arrival  of  the  Royal  Army  prevented  further  Pro- 
ceedings of  this  kind ;  on  which,  if  I  live  I  may  probably 
be  more  particular  hereafter,  expecting  so  much  of  the 
above  Affair  as  is  already  printed  will  have  reached  thee 
before  this  Letter. 

I  have  done  little  or  nothing  in  my  private  Affairs  during 
these  Troubles,  on  Account  of  which  principally,  since  Bro. 
John's  Departure,  I  have  with  so  much  Reluctance  staid  in 
this  Country:  my  debts  being  mostly  yet  uncollected  by 
Reason  of  the  distressing  Circumstances  of  the  Times,  and 


Letters  of  Robert  Proud.  65 

no  present  Prospect  of  getting  them  in ;  all  Paper  Currency 
having  long  ago  been  depreciated  several  times  its  value 
occasioned  by  the  large  Quantity  of  the  new  Continental 
Cash,  which  every  Body's  obliged  to  take  in  Payment, 
where  the  King's  Troops  are  not  in  Possession ;  no  other 
Money  being  scarcely  to  be  seen;  and,  as,  for  the  same 
Reasons,  I  expect  never  to  receive  a  great  Part  of  the  Prin- 
cipal due  to  me  in  this  Country,  so  I  have  still  less  expecta- 
tion of  recovering  any  Interest;  which  it  is  here  expected 
the  Merchants  in  England  will  duly  consider  and  favour 
their  Creditors  here  accordingly,  in  that  particular;  hence 
and  in  Consideration  of  the  present  Dubiousness  of  being 
able  to  buy  Bills  even  with  our  lawful  Paper  Currency,  the 
only  Capital  that  many  of  us  have,  and  which  seems  now  to 
be  at  a  stand.  I  defer  at  this  Time  to  say  any  Thing  on 
Balance  between  us ;  but  desering  to  abide  by  the  gen- 
eral Custom  that  shall  be  fixed  in  the  Case,  I  request  to 
know  the  precise  sum  in  thy  next  if  Bro.  John  has  not  been 
able  to  discharge  it,  tho  I  am  entirely  uncertain  how  soon  I 
shall  leave  this  Place,  whether  immediately,  or  without 
doing  any  Thing  further  or  not,  distress  here  succeeding  to 
distress,  and  the  Devastation  of  Armies  in  certain  Places, 
laying  every  Thing  waste  in  a  terrible  Manner. 

The  Rebellion  appears  to  be  so  deeply  rooted  in  this 
Country  &  to  have  been  so  much  countenanced  by  a  strong 
Party  in  England  (once  apparently  its  sole  Dependance), 
and  mistakenly  called  the  Friends  of  America,  and  even  by 
some  Persons  with  you,  I  mean  more  particularly  in  Lon- 
don, thought  too  favorably  of,  whose  Judgment  I  once 
highly  esteemed,  but  have  been  astonished  on  hearing  of 
their  Sentiments  respecting  the  Nature  of  these  Affairs! 
many  of  these,  either  thro  their  Ignorance  of  the  real  Dispo- 
sition of  the  People  here,  or  their  own  willful  Wickedness, 
have  with  the  greatest  Confidence  and  assurance  been  con- 
tinually misrepresenting  the  Affairs  and  Intention  of  the 
Colonies,  in  this  Matter,  as  far  as  appears  in  the  public 
Prints  and  more  private  Accounts,  in  their  opposition  to 
VOL.  xxxiv. — 5 


66  Letters  of  Robert  Proud. 

Government  or  the  Administration,  under  the  most  plaus- 
able  Pretences  ;  these  under  whatever  fine  Names  they 
may  at  present  go,  have  undoubtedly  been  grand  Pro- 
moters and  supporters  of  this  unnatural  Rebellion,  with  its 
direful  and  Calamitous  consequences  in  this  Country; 
and  not  withstanding  all  the  noisy  Pretence  of  their 
great  [torn]. 

to  it,  they  will  doubtless,  in  the  Annals  of  future  Time, 
appear  to  have  been  its  greatest  Enemies : — have  the  appar- 
ent uncertainty,  too  long  the  Miseries  of  War  may  yet  con- 
tinue within  its  Borders,  renders  it  extreme  difficult  to 
chuse  a  safe  and  proper  Mode  of  acting,  I  mean  in  my 
private  Affairs,  having  had  nothing  to  do  with  the  Public's 
in  any  shape,  more  than  it  is  the  Duty  of  any  private  and 
Loyal  subject,  according  to  his  Ability,  to  discountenance, 
and  if  possible  prevent,  that  worst  of  Evils  Rebellion ;  which 
with  all  its  Consequences,  must  be  finally  left  to  that  over- 
ruling Hand  of  Divine  Providence,  which  disposes  the 
Events  of  Things,  and  inflicts  the  Scourge  of  his  wrath  on 
Man-kind,  for  their  Depravity  and  Revolt  from  the  true 
Means  of  their  real  Interest  and  Felicity,  in  every  Capacity; 
but  happy  are  they,  wheresoever  situated,  when  every  Dis- 
pensation has  a  Tendency  to  bring  nearer  to  that  true  Happi- 
ness and  Tranquility  which  is  out  of  the  Reach  of  all  the 
Vicissitudes  of  temporal  Affairs,  and  can  never  be  affected 
by  human  Contingencies ;  this  the  nature  of  the  present 
Times  here  may  doubtless  affect  on  some  Minds,  where  in 
such  a  special  Manner  all  worldly  Enjoyments  are  rendered 
more  conspicuously  precarious  and  uncertain,  notwithstand- 
ing many  may  still  be  actuated  by  different  and  contrary 
Motives,  and  become  more  ferocious,  cruel  and  insensible, 
the  natural  Effects  of  War  and  Bloodshed;  the  grand  Pun- 
ishment  assigned  by  the  Almighty  for  the  wickedness  of  the 
human  Race,  while  in  the  State  of  Existence. 

This  Letter,  in  which,  for  some  Reasons,  I  have  forbore, 
at  present,  being  more  particular,  is  intended  by  the  Packet 
from  this  Place,  in  which  our  aged  Frd  Thomas  Gawthorpe 


Letters  of  Robert  Proud.  67 

proposes  to  returns  from  his  Religious  Visit  to  this  Country, 
who  has  long  waited  here  for  a  Passage  to  his  native  Land. 
I  desire  my  Mother  and  Relations  may  be  informed  how  I 
am,  as  opportunity  offers ;  whom  I  still  hope  to  see,  tho  I 
can  fix  no  Time ;  I  conclude,  with  my  Love  to  them  all,  par- 
ticularly to  my  Mother,  thyself  and  Family,  thy  Brother 

Robert  Proud 

Samuel  Emlen,  of  this  City,  being  present,  desires  his 
Love  to  thee,  and  the  rest  of  his  Friends  in  Hull.  N.B.  He 
was  sick  when  the  Frds  were  banished,  whereby  he  es- 
caped Exile;  his  Name  being  in  the  List  of  those  that 
were  seized,  etc. 

DEAR  BRO.  PHILADELPHIA  3mo  1778 

W.  P. 

After  a  severe  Fit  of  Sickness  of  about  two  Months,  and 
of  which  I  am  scarcely  yet  recovered,  I  propose  these  few 
Lines  just  to  inform  my  Relations  so  far  how  I  am,  in  these 
troublesome  and  distressing  Times ;  respecting  which,  for 
certain  Reasons,  I  do  not  chuse  at  present  to  be  very  partic- 
ular ;  my  present  Design  be  principally  to  acquaint  thee  with 
the  Rates  or  Prices  of  some  Kinds  of  Provisions  in  this 
Place,  as  Articles  of  Trade,  and  their  seeming  great  Proba- 
bility of  continuing  so  for  a  considerable  Time  to  come,  un- 
less in  the  meantime  were  large  Quantities  thereof  shall  be 
shipt  from  Europe,  with  which  Circumstance  at  thy  Receipt 
of  this,  thou  wilt  from  thy  situation  be  more  likely  to  be 
better  acquainted  than  I  can  be ;  and  to  which  Case  of  ship- 
ping any  Thing  of  this  Nature  the  greatest  Attention  should 
be  paid ;  and  from  them  thou  wilt  probably  be  more  capa- 
ble of  judging  wether  it  might  answer  were  it  lawful  and 
convenient  for  thee  to  be  concerned. 

The  Articles  I  mean  are  Flour,  which  has  now  for  a  con- 
siderable Time  been  from  70/  to  60/  P.  Cwt.  our  money  such 
being  reckoned  at  166|,  the  present  Price  of  Bills  nearby. 
Flour  used  to  be  from  18/  to  20/  and  sometimes  much  lower 
Strong  Beer  or  Ale  is  extravagantly  high,  and  much  in  De- 


68  Letters  of  Robert  Proud. 

mand,  tho  in  this  hot  Country  it  is  more  peculiarly  adapted 
for  the  Winter  Season,  being  much  less  used  in  Summer. 
Chesshire  Cheese  sells  by  the  Cheese  from  -|  to  |  P.lb.  Good 
Irish  Firkin  Butter  ab*.  2/  P.  Ib.  by  the  Firkin.  Barrelled 
Beef  and  Pork  at  ab'.  £5  or  £6  P.Cvvt.  etc.  From  the  prices 
of  these  Articles  with  you  and  here,  and  thy  Conveniency  of 
Shipping,  probably  thou  wilt  be  able  to  judge  wether  it  will 
answer  to  ship  some  of  them,  provided  we  are  not  over- 
stock'd  with  them  next  Summer  from  Europe.  If  it  suit 
thee  to  be  concerned  make  consignment  to  me.  I  have  no 
objection  to  run  the  Risk  of  half  Loss,  provided  I  am  en- 
titled to  half  Profits,  and  that  the  whole  be  well  Insured 
(Capturing  being  still  made  by  the  Rebel  Privateers).  If  the 
Army  shall  continue  here  long  these  Articles  will  still  be  very 
high.  Except  larger  Quantities  arrive  here  than  had  hitherto 
been  the  Case ;  and  even  if  the  Army  should  remove,  or  the 
Country  be  laid  open  to  the  City,  much  of  it  is  in  such  a 
ruinous  and  neglected  Condition,  by  Reason  of  the  War, 
that  the  Prices  of  these  and  similar  Articles  will  in  the 
opinion  of  most  People  here  still  Continue  not  to  be  low; 
except  as  mentioned  above  they  shall  in  future  be  imported 
in  larger  Quantities ;  and  perhaps  in  such  a  Case  Flour  may 
Fall,  there  being  pretty  much  of  it  still  in  some  Parts  of 
the  Country  undestroyed :  One  thing  is  perhaps  necessary 
to  be  considered,  it  appears  very  unlikely  that  there  will  be 
much  Produce  of  this  Country,  to  export  for  a  considerable 
Time  to  come  to  make  Remittances  as  usual  formerly; 
which  affords  a  Prospect  of  future  extreme  Poverty.  Wine 
is  very  plentiful,  and  those  Articles,  which  we  call  Dry 
Good,  are  brought  in  great  Quantities  and  are  lowest  of  any 
Things  and  likely  to  be  so  for  some  time  tho  they  sell  much 
higher  than  formerly  occasioned  by  the  Trade  being  thus 
confined  so  much  within  the  narrow  Bounds  of  the  City  and 
Suburbs,  which  as  the  Country  comes  to  be  opened,  may 
probably  become  more  in  Demand,  and  their  present  Dul- 
ness  may  probably  be  the  Cause  of  less  Importations  and 
better  Trade  in  future. 


Letters  of  Robert  Proud.  69 

• 

No  Money  but  Gold  and  Silver  now  passes  among  us,  to 
the  great  Hurt  of  Trade,  Damage  and  Loss  of  the  Citizens, 
who  have  large  sums  of  our  old  legal  Paper  Money  on 
Hand;  most  of  the  Capital  I  have  is  in  that  Currency;  so 
that  I,  as  well  as  many  others,  am  in  a  very  great  straight, 
for  present  spending  Capital,  as  I  have  now  nothing  coming 
in  (no  Debts  being  to  be  got)  but  it  is  expected  it  will  be 
good  again ;  yet  the  uncertainty  thereof,  and  especially  of 
the  Time  when,  as  it  does  not  appear  to  be  near,  gives  great 
anxiety  to  many.  If  it  were  possible  to  hear  from  thee 
before  any  Thing  of  the  above  Nature  arrives  here,  should 
it  suit  thee  to  be  concerned  in  any  Part  thereof,  it  w^ould  be 
the  more  acceptable,  in  that  I  might  provide  for  their  Re- 
ception :  Stores  or  Places  to  reposit  any  Kind  of  Goods 
being  very  difficult  to  be  got,  especially  very  suddenly ;  this 
Place  having  never  been  before  so  full  of  People  as  at 
Present,  etc.  every  Place  being  occupied.  In  Expectation 
of  thy  speedy  Answer  to  the  above,  I  remain  with  my  love 
to  my  Mother  and  other  Relations. 

thy  Brother 

Rob'  Proud 

P.  S.  After  having  said  the  above,  I  am  under  pretty 
strong  Apprehensions,  from  several  Considerations,  that  we 
here  may  probably  be  well  supplied  next  Summer  with  the 
above  and  similar  Articles  from  Europe;  to  which  thy 
greatest  Attention  is  absolutely  requisite,  should  thy  Incli- 
nation be  to  ship  any  Thing  of  this  Nature,  so  that  it  re- 
quires thy  greatest  Caution,  they  being  perishing  Articles  and 
will  not  keep,  and  the  great  Uncertainty  here  how  Affairs 
may  then  be  situated,  makes  me  very  indifferent  in  med- 
dling with  any  thing  I  have  mentioned,  notwithstanding 
what  I  have  said,  and  therefore  leave  it  to  thy  mature  Con- 
sideration. 

I  hope  my  Letter  of  the  first  of  12  mo  last  is  come  safe 
to  thy  Hand  giving  some  Account  of  our  situation  and  state 
of  Affairs  here,  etc.  I  think  I  have  not  rec'd  a  Letter  from 
there  for  several  years. 


70  Letters  of  Robert  Proud. 

PHILADA  Anno  10th,  1778 
DEAR  BRO. 

JOHN  PROUD, 

A  few  Days  ago  I  recd  thine  dated  London 
Nov.  26 :  with  a  P.  S.  Dec.  2nd  1777,  giving  some  account 
of  thy  situation,  etc. — I  have  had  a  severe  Fit  of  Sickness 
this  last  Winter,  of  which  it  was  not  expected  I  could  have 
recovered;  and  I  still  have  some  of  the  Remains  of  it  upon 
me :  I  think  it  has  in  part  been  owing  to  my  too  close  Con- 
finement in  this  City  and  Suburbs,  almost  as  a  Prisoner 
now  for  several  years,  including  the  Time  of  the  Rebels 
possessing  it,  when  it  was  not  safe  for  such  as  I  am  to  go 
out,  and  since  the  King's  Troops  came  in,  that  we  are  con- 
fined within  the  Lines;  together  with  the  Change  of  the 
Manner  of  Living  in  these  distressing  Times 

The  Royal  Army  is  yet  here  in  Winter  Quarters,  in  very 
good  Condition.  Washington  is  ab*.  20  Miles  Distant,  at  a 
Place  called  the  Valley  Forge,  near  Rowland  Evans's,  but 
on  the  West  Side  of  Sculkil.  Nothing  Material  seems  to 
have  been  effected  this  last  Winter,  by  either  Side. 

The  Vigilance  of  the  Rebel  Party  by  Means  of  the  Country 
Militia,  supported  by  Washington's  Army  has  on  every  Side 
distressed  the  Inhabitants  of  this  City  to  a  high  Degree,  by 
preventing  Provisions  coming  in  from  the  Country,  (tho' 
the  Royal  Army  appear  to  be  in  want  of  nothing)  Flour 
having  been  from  50/  to  60/  P.Cwt.in  the  Market,  and  Fire 
Wood  from  £4  to  £6.  P. Cord  during  the  Winter  and  other 
Things  in  Proportion.  Besides  no  Paper  Money  passes 
here ;  of  which  the  principal  Part  of  the  Capital  I  have  in 
Hand  consists,  and  is  pretty  considerable;  so  that  I  am  put 
to  very  great  Difficulty  on  that  Ace*,  as  well  as  many  others, 
who  relying  on  the  Goodness  of  the  old  legal  Currency ,  had 
preferred  it  before  the  Rebel  Paper,  for  which  they  had  recd. 
in  Exchange  large  Quantities  of  it.  Hard  Money  is  scarcely 
possible  to  be  got  or  borrowed ;  unless  in  Trade ;  and  the 
Expense  of  Living  enormously  high.  Most  Employments 
are  entirely  stopped,  unless  what  relates  to  the  Military,  and 
desolation  is  laying  waste  the  Country  especially  around 


Letters  of  Robert  Proud.  71 

this  City.  We  wait  for  a  Change,  to  relieve  great  Num- 
bers from  otherwise  inevitable  Beggary  and  Ruin,  which 
indeed  have  already  happened  to  many;  and  which  is  re- 
markable,-appears  rather  to  harden  many  of  the  numerous 
Rebel  Party  in  their  villainous  Proceedings,  instead  of 
Relenting. 

[torn]  which  they  seem  evidently  to  make  their  Gain,  to 
found  support  their  Hopes  upon,  while  they  are  encouraged 
in  Rebellion  either  by  the  Ignorance  or  Wickedness  of  a 
Party  in  England,  or  perhaps  more  properly  by  both,  under 
the  most  plausable  Pretences, 

As  to  Trade,  it  is  not  yet  free  to  this  Place ;  notwith- 
standing which  large  Quantities  of  goods  have  come  in  with 
the  Army,  and  much  more  are  said  to  be  at  1ST.  York 
nearby  to  come  hither  when  permitted.  As  the  Country  is 
not  yet  opened  out  to  the  City,  consequently  Sales  are  Small 
and  principally  in  the  Hands  of  European  Adventurers; 
and  tho  the  Prices  of  many  Articles  are  considerably  higher 
than  formerly,  yet  it  is  thought  the  extraordinary  high  Ex- 
pences  and  great  Risk  every  Way  leave  but  small  Profits ; 
most  of  their  Merchandize,  chiefly  Dry  Goods  laying  on 
Hand.  This  place  is  likely  to  be  much  overstocked  with 
Dry  Goods,  which  the  People  here  are  not  able  to  purchase, 
thro  the  Stoppage  of  their  old  legal  Paper  Currency,  and  the 
Returns  of  Country  Produce,  that  used  formerly  to  be  made 
for  them,  being  mostly  either  destroyed,  or  otherwise  not  to 
be  procured,  by  Reason  of  the  War.  Provisions  are  chiefly 
wanted,  of  which  I  have  wrote  Bro.  Wm.  some  Time  ago,  in 
a  conditional  Way ;  yet  should  the  Country  about  this  City 
arid  Province  be  opened  the  next  ensuing  Summer,  which  is 
expected,  they  would  be  likely  to  come  to  a  bad  Market 
especially  if  large  Quantities  thereof  have  been  shipped 
from  England  or  Europe  etc.  In  an  assorted  Cargo,  which 
I  am  informed  Jab.  has  sent  to  N".  York,  he  has  shipped 
a  small  Quantity  of  Hops  which  when  they  get  bitter, 
I  suppose  will  bring  a  good  Profit ;  but  the  Quantity  of  sent 
Things  ought  not  to  be  large. 


72  Letters  of  Robert  Proud. 

The  Frds  and  Citizens  of  this  Place,  who  were  banished 
into  the  back  Parts  of  Virginia,  by  the  Rebel  Usurpation, 
last  Autumn,  are  still  in  Exile  excepting  two  of  them  who 
were  not  Frds,  or  Quakers,  that  have  returned  without 
Leave,  and  one  of  the  others  who  is  dead,  viz.  Tho.  Gilpin. 

By  the  last  Accts  from  there  John  Hunt  was  dangerously 
sick ;  and  his  Disorder  having  fallen  into  his  Leg  it  had  un- 
dergone an  Amputation  above  the  Knee;  same  Time  Edw. 
Pennington  and  some  others  of  them  were  much  indisposed. 
Frds  are  almost  constantly  trying  to  get  them  relieved,  but 
hitherto  in  vain. 

Thy  writing  to  me  as  often  as  it  will  suit  thee  will  always 
be  agreeable  to  me  and  thy  acquainting  some  of  my  Rela- 
tions, especially  Mother  or  Bro.  Wm.  with  thy  hearing  from 
me  and  with  what  may  appear  material  to  thee  in  my  Let- 
ters, for  them  to  know,  will  oblige 

thy  Brother 

Rob*  Proud 

MEMORANDUM. 

On  the  26th  of  the  9  mo  1777,  the  King's  Troops,  consist- 
ing chiefly  of  abt.  2000  English  and  Hessian  Grenadiers, 
with  a  few  Light  Horse  etc  took  Possession  of  Philadelphia, 
without  opposition :  all  the  Rebel  Party  that  were  in 
Arms  as  well  as  those  that  held  offices  under  the  Usurpation, 
and  many  others,  of  their  Connections  and  Abettors,  having 
before  left  the  City;  carrying  off  almost  every  Thing,  which 
they  thought  might  be  of  use  to  the  English  Army,  besides 
what  they  apprehended  might  be  wanted  by  themselves, 
which  they  chiefly  took  from  the  Quakers,  and  such  as  least 
favoured  them ;  as  Blankets,  Carpets,  Cloathing,  etc.  they 
likewise  took  away  all  the  Lead  and  Leaden  Pipes,  and  all 
the  Bells,  in  the  City,  except  one;  and  they  drove  off  with 
them  about  4000  Head  of  fat  or  feeding  Cattle  from  the 
Island  and  Meadows  round  the  City  with  most  of  the 
Horses  they  could  get,  leaving  the  City  and  remaining  In- 


Letters  of  Robert  Proud.  73 

habitants  in  much  strait  and  destitute;  they  likewise  cut  the 
Banks  of  the  Meadows,  Island  etc.  and  laid  them  under 
Water;  having  seemingly  done  all  the  Mischief  in  their 
Power  before  their  Departure,  except  burning  the  City. 
This  work  kept  them  employed  several  Weeks,  during 
which  Time  they  banished  a  number  of  the  principal  Inhab- 
itants cheifly  Quakers,  to  the  remote  Parts  of  Virginia : — 
The  City  itself  is  yet  safe,  but  it  was  fully  expected  they 
would  have  set  Fire  to  it,  according  to  the  repeated  Threats 
and  Language  of  many  of  them  to  do  it,  when  in  Possession 
of  the  English,  and  then  throw  the  Blame  on  them,  as  is 
generally  agreed  was  done  at  N.  York. 

We  have  not  had  so  much  good  order  and  Tranquility 
these  several  years,  as  we  have  had  since  the  British  Forces 
came  hither,  but  we  are  still  shut  up  from  the  Country  for 
the  most  Part ;  and  the  Shipping  are  not  yet  come  up  to  the 
City.  The  main  Army  under  Gen1  Howe  being  quartered 
in  and  about  German  Town,  and  the  Rebel  Forces  yet  very 
numerous  and  Parties  of  them  often  skirmishing  about, 
upon  the  Out  Guard,  or  Posts  of  the  King's  Troops,  etc 

Philada  9  mo  29th  1777 


74  East  Vincent  Township. 


EAST  VINCENT  TOWNSHIP,  CHESTER  COUNTY, 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

BY   FREDERICK   SHEEDER. 

INTRODUCTION. 

FREDERICK  SHEEDER,  the  author  of  this  history  of  Vin- 
cent Township,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  was  born  Feb.  20, 1777,  in 
Nassau,  Saarbrucken,  Germany.  He  came  to  Pennsylvania 
with  his  father  when  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  afterwards 
learned  the  trade  of  a  tailor.  During  the  war  of  1812 
he  enlisted  as  a  private  and  for  a  time  was  in  camp  at 
Marcus  Hook.  He  became  prosperous  and  built  in  the 
neighborhood  where  he  lived  over  twenty-four  houses.  At 
the  time  of  a  family  celebration  in  1860,  he  had  ten  chil- 
dren, forty-seven  grandchildren,  and  thirty-seven  great- 
grandchildren. He  died  September  18,  1865,  in  the  eighty- 
ninth  year  of  his  age.  These  details  are  taken  from  Futhey 
and  Cope's  History  of  Chester  County. 

When  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1845, 
issued  a  circular  address  urging  the  people  in  the  different 
sections  of  the  State  to  collect  and  preserve  historical  infor- 
mation relating  to  their  respective  localities,  one  of  a  very 
few  to  respond  was  Mr.  Sheeder.  "With  energy  and  zeal,  he 
went  about  among  the  people  and  learned  what  they  were 
able  to  tell  of  past  events.  It  is  remarkable  that  a  native 
of  Germany  should  show  an  interest  which  those  more 
nearly  concerned  failed  to  exhibit.  He  gathered  many 
facts  of  importance  and  his  work  has  aided  many  writers 
since,  and  it  is  due  to  him  that  the  results  of  his  efforts 
should  be  preserved  in  permanent  form.  The  original  MS. 
he  at  that  time  gave  to  this  Society,  in  whose  library  it 
still  remains. 

It  has  been  thought  best  that  the  history  should  be  printed 
in  the  quaint  phraseology  and  orthography  in  which  it  was 
written,  believing  that  it  loses  nothing  in  strength  or  value 
because  of  the  fact  that  the  author  was  without  education 
and  expressing  his  thought  in  an  unfamiliar  tongue. 

SAMUEL  W.  PENNYPACKER. 


East  Vincent  Township.  75 

To  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  : 

with  due  Respect. 

I  shall  answer  to  Some  of  the  questions  of  yours  of  Phila- 
delphia January  1845  first  a  Sketch  of  part  of  the  lines  of 
Vincent  Township  in  Chester  County  from  the  first  pro- 
prietary What  i  give  too  much  in  detail  you  are  at  lib- 
erty to  cut  Shorter  and  if  a  miss  in  Spelling  to  rectify,  as 
follows  The  grant  of  Wm.  Penn  Esqr.  runs  as  follows, 
To  all  to  whom  these  presents  Shall  com,  greeting.  Know 
ye  that  in  consideration  of  the  monies  paid  to  the  late  pro- 
prietary "William  Penn  Esqr.  deceased  at  the  making  of  the 
grant  hereafter  mentioned  to  Dr.  Daniel  Coxe  there  is 
granted  by  the  Said  Commonwealth  unto  Peter  Hamond, 
John  Ord,  Wm.  Hopkins,  Richard  Caper,  Samuel  Weaver, 
Anthony  Merry  and  george  Samuel  Wigg  a  certain  tract 
called  East  Vincent  Scituate  in  Vincent  Township  in  the 
County  of  Chester  (reader  you  must  recollect  that  this 
County'  and  old  Chester  was  one  County)  Beginning  at  a 
whiteoack  on  the  bank  of  the  River  Schullkill  thence  along 
the  line  of  the  Township  of  Pike! and  South  fourty  decrees 
west  (I  see  no  use  of  mentioning  all  the  lines)  and  from  the 
Township  of  Auckland  to  the  River  Schulkill  North  fourty 
decrees  East  and  down  the  River  Shulkill  the  Several  corses 
to  the  place  of  begining  10,000  98 J  acres  which  Said  tract 
of  land  is  a  part  of  thirty  Thousand  acres  which  the  Said 
late  propriatary  William  Penn  by  his  Seperate  Deeds  of 
feoffment  all  bearing  date  the  20th.  April  1686  did  grant 
to  Sr.  Mathew  Vincent,  Major  Robert  Thompson  and  the 
Said  Daniel  Coxe  and  the  right  of  the  Same  Daniel  Coxe, 
to  the  Said  Ten  thousand  acres  with  the  allowences  or  there 
abouts  having  by  virtue  of  divers  conveyances  and  assur- 
ances in  the  Law  became  vested  in  the  west  New  Jersey  So- 
ciety a  warrant  dated  the  3th.  November  1774  issued  from 
the  land  office  at  the  instance  of  John  Hunt  the  then  Attorny 
in  fact  to  Peter  Hamond  and  others,  a  Commety  of  the  Said 
Society  for  the  Surveying  lying  off  the  part  or  Share  of  the 


76  East  Vincent  Township. 

Said  large  tract  belonging  to  the  Said  Society  in  pursuance 
of  which  warrant  and  of  a  certain  order  of  the  board  of 
property  dated  the  28th.  of  November  last  the  above  tract  is 
returned  into  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  the  land  office  in 
order  for  confirmation  by  Patent  to  the  Said  Peter  Hara- 
ond  John  Orel  William  Hopkins  Richard  Capper  Samuel 
Weaver  Anthony  Merry  and  george  Samuel  Wigg  in 
whom  by  indentures  of  lease  and  release  dated  the  17th. 
and  18th.  days  of  December  1790  the  Said  tract  of  ten 
thousand  98J  acres  of  land  and  premises  is  vested  in  fee 
Simple  to  be  Sold  leased  or  otherwise  disposed  of  &c  and 
for  which  Said  tract  of  land  a  patent  dated  the  5th.  day  of 
December  1791  was  granted  to  the  &  &  and  State  reserves, 
In  Witness  whereof  Thomas  Miffling  governor  of  the  Said 
Commonwealth  hath  Set  hand  and  caused  the  State  Seal  to 
be  hereunto  affixed  the  20th.  day  of  June  A.  D.  1792  and 
of  the  Commonwealth  the  16  enroled  21th.  1792.  The 
reader  will  please  to  recolect  that  before  this  time  no  actual 
Settler  had  a  Title  of  any  of  these  31  000  acres  of  land,  if 
one  Sold  to  an  other  person  he  only  could  Sell  his  improve- 
ment and  at  and  from  that  time  none  could  have  a  deed 
Some  of  the  Settlers  took  leases  and  Some  had  prior  ones 
and  when  that  time  the  heirs  of  Penn  presented  their  claim 
that  frightened  a  good  many  of  the  Settlers  so  that  they 
Sold  their  improvements  and  whent  further  back  for  fear 
they  could  not  afford  to  pay  twice  for  their  lands  The 
Society  however  was  very  indulgent  on  the  posessers  that 
Some  did  not  discharge  all  to  the  Society  from  that  time 
untill  1812  and  got  their  deeds  it  had  been  a  custom  with 
them  that  none  got  a  deed  till  all  the  monies  were  paid 
This  makes  it  somewhat  difficult  to  git  at  all  the  names  of 
the  first  Settlers  however  the  names  of  those  that  i  cannot 
name  hereafter  and  you  would  be  for  having  them  If  the 
Society  capt  a  record  or  filed  the  leases  as  they  obtained 
them  from  the  Settlers  i  will  direct  you  how  to  obtain  them. 
Finius  Bond  was  the  last  acting  agent  for  the  New  west 
Jersy  Society  and  the  father  of  your  general  Cadwaleter 


East  Vincent  Township.  77 

was  his  Secretary  I  think  if  the  general  will  he  can  assist 
you  of  obtaining  them  F.  Bond  was  a  Son  in  Law  of  Esqr. 
More  at  Morehall  place  in  Charlston  township  and  general 
Cadwalleters  grandmother  was  a  daughter  of  Esqr.  likwise 
The  Morehall  place  contained  700  acres  of  land  then  my 
father  in  law  Nicholaus  Haldeman  did  farm  the  place  for 
Esqr.  7  years  on  Share  and  then  bought  himself  a  place  a 
mile  above  Kimberton  now,  in  the  revolutionery  war  on 
which  place  he  lived  till  he  died  the  15th.  of  January  1819 
and  the  writer  of  this  F.  Sheeder  was  born  in  Saerbroock 
germeney  the  20th.  February  1777  arrived  at  Philadelphia 
the  26th.  November  1793  in  the  first  yellow  fever  along 
with  father  mother  brothers  and  sisters  and  came  to  this 
Township  and  lived  here  and  been  a  constand  inhabitant 
since  the  Spring  1800  and  a  constand  observer  of  times 
passing  on,  there  are  but  few  persons  living  that  were 
housekeepers  then,  Some  places  has  changed  owners  till 
then  and  in  fact  there  are  two  or  parts  of  two  tracts  that  the 
descendants  of  the  first  Settlers  are  in  possession  at  this 
time  of  whome  i  Shall  make  mention  hereafter  in  notation  i 
shall  then  begin  on  the  west  side  of  French  creek  They 
were  chiefly  from  Wales  with  the  exception  of  a  few 
Schotch  Irish,  the  first  Settler  on  the  place  this  Side  Kim- 
berton place,  was  Michal  Taney  and  the  first  german  that 
Settled  on  the  west  Side  of  frenchcreek  and  Amans  place 
Since  1794  the  next  place  west  of  that,  Thomas  griffith  he 
died  and  the  widdow  married  William  Braucallof  of  whom 
Paul  Benner  purchased  and  at  present  Abraham  Benner 
thirth  son  of  Paul  Benner,  is  the  proprietor  of  the  greatest 
part  of  the  tract  Paul  Benner  devited  his  place  to  the  3  of  his 
oldest  sones  his  mention  to  Abraham,  50  acres  to  his  son 
Jacob  Benner  who  died  in  Phila.  the  time  of  the  first  fiver 
a  mason  and  Bricklayer  by  trade  and  57  acres  to  John 
Benner  who  bought  his  brother  Jacob  out  then  had  107 
acres  on  this  tract  Wm.  Browall  erected  house  and  Barn 
and  afterwards  Sold  the  same  to  Paul  Benner  John  Benner 
Sold  this  place  to  one  Jacob  Frederick  in  the  year  1793  he 


78  East  Vincent  Township. 

came  from  Skipack ;  I  Frederick  builded  a  new  end  to  the 
house  and  a  new  Barn  with  an  overshoot  as  they  termt  then 
the  stabling  part  of  stone  and  the  mows  of  log  and  when  he 
had  the  neighbours  to  help  to  raise  Said  Barn  he  tould 
them  that  it  was  large  enough  to  contain  all  that  him  Abra- 
ham Benner  and  my  father  in  law  could  raise  or  produse 
Jacob  Frederick  sold  25  acres  with  the  big  Spring  on  to 
meet  his  first  payment  to  Allen  hammer  a  Son  in  law  of  P. 
Benner  he  is  alive  yet.  The  places  at  that  time  were  Sold 
on  payments  without  interests  one  quarter  of  the  purchase 
money  down  and  the  rest  in  three  equal  payments  and 
sometimes  4  &  5  payments  in  the  year  1816  the  25  acres  was 
devited  into  3  parts  of  tracts  the  owner  then  Allen  Hammer 
sold  off  all  to  6  acres  and  Samuel  Hirsh  got  to  be  the  owner 
and  erected  a  dam  below  the  Spring  and  erected  a  Sawmill 
S.  Hirsh  died  and  Abraham  Buckwalter  a  millright  by  oc- 
cupation became  the  owner  in  the  year  1830  and  rebuilt 
said  sawmill  with  a  mashine  Shop  over  head  and  a  pair  of 
Runners  attached  to  the  side  of  the  same  and  erected  other 
buildings  and  named  it  Royal  Spring,  this  is  f  of  a  mile 
above  Kimberton  and  in  the  corse  of  1J  mile  from  this 
Spring  there  are  glevenstines  mill  Kimberton  Mill  and 
Clovermill  and  Paisess  mill  and  Sawmill  before  it  emties 
into  frenchcreek  The  above  Jacob  Benners  widdow  died 
the  later  part  of  November  1845  at  her  residence  in  East 
Vincent  eightyaught  years  of  her  age  and  I  Frederick 
Sheeder  in  the  year  1799  purchased  of  Jacob  Frederick 
and  took  posession  the  Spring  following  erected  a  Stone 
dwelling  with  Spring  house  and  cellar  under  here  i  lived 
one  year  before  i  took  a  plow  in  my  hand  to  plough  never 
had  ploughed  a  furrow  before  i  made  my  livin  at  my  trade 
tailoring  (with  respect)  which  i  followeth  thirty  two  years 
day  and  knight,  this  place  was  verry  poor  no  man  could 
make  a  livin  on  nothing  but  carlic  and  briers  groweth  on  it 
and  rough  on  account  of  Stones  I  took  to  liming  a  little  and 
cleared  the  Stones  off  I  ploughed  deep  by  which  means  i 
distroyed  the  carlic  and  briers  which  i  could  name  here  but 


East  Vincent  Township.  79 

will  suspence  with,  told  me  that  i  was  Spoiling  my  ground 
by  ploughing  so  deep  i  made  them  answer  that  i  could  Spoil 
nothing  of  it  for  it  was  Spoiled  by  ploughing  too  shallow  and 
as  to  clearing  the  Stones  off  They  told  me  that  i  would  find 
myself  obliged  to  haul  them  back  again  to  make  the  ground 
bare  here  i  lived  20  years  but  had  Sold  43  acres  of  the 
place  in  1804,  to  my  father  and  brother  henry,  as  i  did  not 
intend  to  make  my  liven  by  farming  and  knoweth  nothing 
of  it  which  the  reader  will  perceive  when  i  come  to  treat  of 
where  the  first  german  Steel  was  made  and  the  first  round 
iron  for  bars  and  bolts  for  Ship  use  &  &  and  in  this  time  i 
improved  my  land  and  Sold  off  20  acres  more  of  it  to  John 
Bush  a  brother  in  Law  of  mine  however  in  these  20  years 
there  where  not  more  than  two  years  that  i  had  not  Carpen- 
ters and  masons  at  work  more  or  less  in  1810  I  erected  an 
addition  to  the  house  three  stories  I  privious  had  erected  a 
wagon  house  at  one  end  of  the  barn  that  contained  as  much 
as  a  mow  of  the  Barn  Jacob  Frederick  while  he  lived  on  it 
12  years  all  the  grain  he  could  raise  was  for  Six  months 
bread  and  at  Newyears  time  he  had  to  buy  hay  and  straw, 
1812  in  the  winter  the  Snow  a  food  deep  on  the  roofs  and 
the  mows  toned  to  the  peak  of  the  roofs  and  not  all  in, 
the  rats  made  9  holes  in  the  roof  to  lick  Snow  now  thinks  i 
to  put  a  new  roof  on  and  to  build  an  new  end  to  contain  all 

1  raise,  will  cost  me  as  much  as  an  new  barn  will  So  i  tore 
all  away  this  Summer  and  erected  a  double  decker  that  is 
two  floors  over  head  of  an  other  and  when  the  masons  had 
Scained  to  Starte  the  gable  ends  and  took  a  drink  at  the 
South  western  corner  (this  was  the  first  of  that  kind  they 
had  ever  worked  at  before)  they  took  a  look  over  the  wall 
down  inside  and  they  Shuddered  as  to  the  hight,  I  been  on 
the  scaffle  at  the  corner  opposed  them  and  one  of  them 
called  over  to  me  ignominiously  Sheeder  do  you  intent  to 
fill  this  Barn,  my  reply  was  yes  I  expected  So  providing  i 
would  keep  my  health     The  thirth  year  after  I  filled  it  to 
the  peak  of  the  roof  i  use  to  hear  my  Neighbours  say  when 

2  or  3  been  walking  along  the  road  when  i  was  spreading 


80  East  Vincent  Township. 

lime,  ha  they  use  to  say  what  a  fool  Sheeder  is  to  throw  his 
money  away  They  had  in  one  sense  good  reason  to  say  so 
for  they  knoweth  well  that  i  had  none  to  Spare  for  when  i 
purchased  i  had  $100  to  pay  towards  the  first  payment  i 
had  Borroweth  it  for  same  certain  purpose  and  had  offered 
to  pay  it  back  2  years  before  then  but  the  person  would  not 
receive  it  untill  Shee  would  come  to  want  money  once  i 
had  no  debts  and  had  Some  money  to  buy  Stock  and  here 
i  lived  3  years  and  had  to  borrow  to  pay  the  interests  above 
i  made  mention  of  living  here  20  years  and  erected  all  new 
buil tings  and  that  all  of  Stone  and  all  my  land  i  made 
new  to  yield  to  abundence  and  was  as  clear  and  clean  as  a 
garden  and  along  the  woods  i  got  ditchis  made  and  the 
ground  bore  better  were  before  nothing  grew.  Some  of  my 
neighbours  that  use  to  make  sport  of  me  throwing  rny 
money  away  in  lime  use  to  Say  in  reaping  time  (that  time 
all  winder  grain  was  reaped)  ha  they  use  to  say  I,  can  raise 
as  good  grain  as  those  that  limes  and  some  years  afterwards 
they  changed  their  language  by  saying  Sheeder  i  must  lime 
too  for  i  cannot  rais  any  grain  no  more,  and  when  i  came  to 
handle  the  plow  i  soon  found  fault  with  them  the  beams 
being  too  long.  The  mouldboards  of  wood  and  not  high 
anough  and  land  sides  too  low  the  thirth  year  i  bespoke  a 
new  plow  and  ordered  Short  beam  high  mould  board  and 
landside  but  not  yet  to  please  me  in  2  years  after  i  got  an 
other  new  one  made,  this  wase  made  nearer  to  my  direction 
as  the  first  one  yet  not  to  my  satisfaction  the  horsies  had  to 
labour  too  hard  I  got  Strong  Sheetiron  roded  to  lay  over 
the  mould  board  and  landslide  after  this  was  wore  out  i  got 
an  other  one  made  Still  Shorter  beam  and  higher  mould- 
board  and  applied  Sheediron  as  before  and  use  to  talk  to 
the  black  smiths  and  wheel  wrights  about  to  make  them  of 
Iron  from  hinch  the  iron  mouldboards  and  landsides  altho  i 
understand  a  wheelright  in  the  Jersy  claims  to  be  the  inven- 
tor of  them  there  was  no  building  wanting  at  the  end  of 
the  above  mentioned  20  years  as  a  new  hog  house  I  in  the 
Spring  1820  moved  on  my  father  in  Law's  place  ~N.  Halde- 


East  Vincent  Township.  81 

man  adjoining  mine  and  the  Amans  place,  of  which  i  Shal 
treat  more  in  rotation  of  Nicholas  Haldeman's  Deceased's 
place,  John  Lewises  place  adjoining  A.  Benners  was  first 
Settled  by  one  John  Meredith  of  whom  John  Lewis  pur- 
chased his  right  and  is  in  possession  of  the  widdow  Ester  ol 
John  Lewis  Ser.  deceased  and  heirs,  on  this  place  are  rich 
bead  of  Iron  ore  and  the  pit  in  operation  on  this  place  stood 
once  a  large  yellow  peach  tree  that  bore  fruth  80  years  and 
an  Indian  village  William  Fussels  place  now  as  John 
Lewis  has  sold  part  of  his  place  Jonathan  Thomas  his  son 
in  Law  and  became  Fussels  place  now,  where  the  line  of 
the  2  places  crosses  a  coppy  of  woos  at  the  uper  end  of  the 
meddow  of  and  on  a  rising  a  Copy  of  woods  there  where 
the  line  and  Frederick  Rhodwaldts  cropse  crosses  where  i 
counted  25  mounts  and  holes  which  was  their  burial  place 
and  some  on  Fussels  side  are  ploughed  over  and  leveled 
with  Surface  and  Some  Say  that  they  have  often  heard  the 
indian  yell,  Jesse  Meredith  living  now  above  Pughtown 
says  that  his  grandfather  took  up  this  place  in  1712  his 
great  great  grandfather  had  bought  the  property  were 
Jesse  now  lives  800  them  for  £45:00:00  his-  son  John 
owned  the  above  mentioned  property  of  Lewises  that  he  at 
times  lived  with  his  son  and  some  times  on  this  Covantry 
place  but  died  with  his  Son  a  member  of  the  valley  Church 
and  was  buried  there  in  ....  John  Meredith  willed  the  place 
now  Christian  Fridays  to  his  son  Enoch  and  after  him  came 
into  the  hands  of  Lewis's  now  before  going  back  to  Vincent 
i  Shall  describ  all  Jesse  Meredith  related  Samuel  Savage 
and  heirs  first  Settled  on  the  place  now  John  Young  Samuel 
Nutt  erected  the  first  iron  works  along  french  creek  above 
george  Christman's  dam  in  Covantry  Now  return  to  Vin- 
cent again  to  the  south  western  corner  of  vincent  old  georg 
Derry's  place  is  occupied  by  the  heirs  at  the  present  time  he 
been  born  in  Pikeland  on  the  place  for  a  number  of  years 
Shumans  place  on  this  place  the  Ridge  and  Schulkill  roads 
fork  g.  Deery  his  father  was  the  first  Settler  on  that  place 
his  father  died  and  his  mother  marry d  Shuman  george 
VOL.  xxxiv. — 6 


82  East  Vincent  Township. 

deery  when  16  years  old  bought  this,  the  corner  place  of 
Vincent  adjoining  Friday's  place  the  man  he  purchased  of 
whent  by  the  name  of  the  old  walsh  man  John  Thomas, 
was  the  name  who  was  the  father  of  the  farmer  Benjamin 
Thomas  who  erected  the  mill  this  side  Kimberton,  had  but 
one  leg,  him  been  the  first  Settler  I  now  preseed  as  pro- 
posed towards  french  creek  again  Jonas  Lindeman  had 
taken  up  a  large  tract  here  but  cannot  define  the  lines  of 
the  difrent  owners  at  the  present  time  old  Robert  Ralstons 
place  was  first  Settled  by  umphry  Bell  here  Judge  John 
Ralston  was  born  his  father  Served  as  a  member  in  the  As- 
sembly came  from  Irland  been  a  member  of  the  valley 
Church  died  about  the  year  1805  and  lays  hurried  in  that 
grave  yard  and  the  Judge  his  sone  and  wife  20  years  hence 
of  whom  I  Shall  speak  more  largely  when  i  came  to  treat  if 
General  Washington  leving  the  yellow  Springs  for  Reading 

1  here  Shall  remark  an  anecdote  the  old  gentlemen  gener- 
ally made  use  of,  was  if  a  man  that  had  done  Some  work 
for  him  called  to  receive  his  pay  made  an  excuse  Saying 
that  if  it  was  not  for  Such  purpose  or  cause  that  he  wanted 
for,  the  old  gentlemen  replyd  i  ow  it  to  you  and  will  pay 
you  its  no  difrence  what  you  do  with  it,  to  me  if  you  feed 
your  geese  with  it  he  being  at  the  time  of  his  death  one  of 
my  nearest  Neighbours  in. an  advanced  age  of  90  od  years 
Said  Robert  Ralston  purchased  his  place  when  came  to  this 
country  of  one  by  the  name  of  John  Thomas  him  being  the 
first  Settler  thereon,    John  griflith  was  the  first  settler  on 
David  Rood's  place  now  adjoining  french  creek  which  John 
Melbin  about  the  year  1736  bought  of  Said  J  grifiith  and  sold 

2  tracts  one  to  Conrad  Seiner  94  acres  which  my  father  in 
law  Nicholas  Haldeman  bought  the  lease  of  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary war  then  a  Tenant  under  J  Moor  Esqr.  at  moorhall 
place  then  seven  hundred  acres  likely  i  shall  say  more  of 
Esqr.  Moor  when  come  to  make  mention  of  how  the  Vincent 
lands  were  Deadet.    The  other  tract  Melbin  sold  to  Henry 
Knerr  Now  William  yeager  John  Melbin  died  and  his  son 
in  law  Edward  Bell  became  the  owner  and  Sold  to  Jacob 


East  Vincent  Township.  83 

Andrew  in  the  year  1794  and  J.  Andrew  Sold  to  Sebastian 
Root  the  Father  of  David  Root  the  present  owner  by  will 
adjoining  french  creek  next  place  adjoining  along  Said  creek 
old  Henry  Knerr  bought  of  Thomas  Balman  who  been  the 
first  settler  lived  and  died  an  old  age  and  willed  to  his 
thirth  Son  Abraham  and  he  died  a  pirty  aged  man  and  the 
place  Sold  a  year  hence  and  was  purchased  by  Jona  John 
and  occupice  the  same  Henry  Knerr  came  to  this  country 
from  gerrnany  Sometime  when  young  served  his  Time  with 
Conrad  Seiner  that  N.  Haldeman  purchased  of  and  larned 
the  weaving  trade  of  which  he  paid  much  attention  to  in 
his  time  NB.  Roraback  Knerr  bought  of  Roraback  got  the 
same  of  T.  Badman — here  french  creek  makes  the  greates 
bend  in  its  corse  runs  around  tow  of  its  Sides  the  next  place 
along  french  creek  South  of  Bransons  Road  the  first  Settler 
John  Batman  brother  of  the  former  of  whom  John  Wlllson 
bought  from  Ireland  came  to  Settle  here  when  his  Son 
Thomas  wras  4  years  old  which  is  83  years  now  its  20  years 
past  he  died  and  his  age  was  87  and  his  Sons  Thomas  and 
John  are  the  owners  by  will  of  the  Same  all  members  of  the 
valley  church  and  buiry  thier  Aprill  17th  1845  was  the 
Cenetary  of  its  hundreth  year  its  called  St.  Peter's  Church 
in  the  great  Vally  in  the  Township  of  Trediffrin  a  walsh 
term  which  sicnifice  Town  in  the  Vally  or  Vally  Town 
Millers  place  old  Philip  bought  of  John  Davis  the  first  Sett- 
ler he  had  Sold  once  and  moved  back  but  Some  time  after 
returned  and  repurchased  it  again  and  after  his  decease  4 
Sons  then  at  home  diveted  into  5  Shares  of  which  the  wid- 
dow  hel  the  one  fifth  and  erected  new  buildings  were  She 
lived  to  be  an  aged  womman  with  2  dauthers  and  one  Son 
with  her  and  after  her  decease  all  the  sons  but  the  youngest 
the  2  Sisters  hold  all  the  land  but  one  Share  but  Since  the 
decease  of  their  mother  they  became  verry  Superstious  with 
Teaching  among  themselfs  never  to  die  Some  years  hence 
John  who  lived  with  the  2  Sisters  died  and  when  Joseph 
the  youngest  Son  whent  to  git  a  neighbor  to  assist  in  laying 
out  the  corps  Joseph  burst  out  Saying  that  John  would  not 


84  East  Vincent  Township. 

have  died  but  he  had  fell  asleep  and  the  devil  had  by  that 
Means  cauth  him  Not  long  Since  Joseph  had  expresed  him- 
self to  an  neighbor  of  his  that  he  would  be  dammed  if  he 
ever  would  die  This  family  been  accused  for  Setting  Pike- 
land  Church  on  fire  and  was  burned  down  and  had  their 
trial  but  escaped  of  conviction  Strange  to  relate  their  parents 
Strickt  church  people  and  the  girls  not  missing  to  attent 
once  either  lutheran  or  prespeteren  service  and  after  their 
parents  decease  turned  to  this  State  of  Situation  their  par- 
ents been  So  attached  to  the  church  that  before  the  Revolu- 
tion before  the  St.  Zions  Church  of  which  they  been  mem- 
bers was  build  but  in  procress  of  being  build  their  oldest 
daughter  died  with  the  Small  box  was  buried  near  the 
church  and  3  years  after  when  the  church  was  built  and  the 
intended  graveyard  Surounted  by  wall  The  took  her  up 
and  rebuirried  her  insid  of  the  wall ;  more  thereof  when  i 
come  to  treat  about  churches  &  &  next  Robert  Watkins 
place  whereon  the  Indian  graves  of  which  is  made  mention 
above  The  present  John  Thomas  his  great  grandfather  John 
Thomas  was  the  first  Settler  thereon  and  now  Frederick 
Rohdewaldt's  place  and  the  father  of  the  late  Robert  Wat- 
kin  owned  the  place  adjoining  the  last  mentioned  place 
which  came  to  be  the  property  of  the  late  Judge  Ralston 
Son  of  Robert  when  got  maried  and  lived  thereon  till  20 
years  Since  was  the  Sole  heir  to  his  fathers  estate  and  when 
died  had  provited  for  all  his  4  older  sons  Robert,  William  & 
James  and  John  the  youngest  george  living  with  him  at  his 
decease  became  the  owner  of  the  place  of  which  Robert 
Watkin  the  brother  of  all  was  the  first  Settler  Next  place  to 
formerly  Owens  now  Stauffers  and  Haldeman  a  Son  in  law 
of  the  former  Then  are  2  places  Orners  and  Keeley's  now 
that  i  was  not  able  to  find  out  the  first  settlers  of,  them 
along  the  time  of  Pikeland  leving  the  Springs  to  the  right 
Dr.  Isaac  Davis's  place  now,  formerly  on  40  years  hence 
John  Cloyds  but  first  settled  by  Jacob  Hinters  at  the  uper 
corner  along  the  Spring  Road  Stands  the  Babtists  meeting 
house  formally  a  log  building  but  now  a  Stone  edifice  70 


East  Vincent  Township.  85 

years  Since  Mr.  Thomas  some  say  Joshua  Waker  was  the 
officiate  and  for  many  years  since  The  Rev.  Charles  More 
This  place  forms  the  corner  of  upper  &  lower  or  East  and 
west  Vincent  according  to  the  old  devition  but  now  all 
west  vincent  from  there  the  line  run  throug  my  hill  place 
formerly  John  youngs  John  David  the  first  Settler  And 
through  my  dam  about  20  perches  above  the  brest  of  my 
dam  to  the  river  Schulkill  The  next  place  above  joining 
the  before  mentioned  one  Robert  Ralstons  now  was  first 
Settled  by  the  father  of  Major  John  Evans  the  former  pro-  • 
prietor  the  first  Settler  of  Joseph  Kolb's  place,  deceased  for- 
merly John  Evans  the  former,  his  father  bought  of  one 
John  Lewis  he  being  the  first  Settler  how  long  hence  for 
both  the  Evanses  got  to  live  and  got  to  be  old  men  thereon 
Morris  Evans  the  first  Settler  adjoining  this  place  now 
Isaac  &  Nathan  Hawkes  place  and  had  their  meeting  house 
and  grave  yard  on  the  ground  that  became  Judge  John 
Ralstons  place  the  members  dispersed  and  Ralston  moved  it 
across  the  road  and  made  a  Tenent  hous  of  and  is  occupied 
as  such  to  this  day  but  the  graves  are  left  undisturbed  by 
the  occupants ;  next  Reas  Barbors  place  now  but  first 
Settled  by  Caspar  Himes  next  place  Daniel  Wedner  now 
old  Nicholas  grund  an  old  revolutioner  N.  grund  bought  of 
one  John  Martin  first  owner  him  being  the  first  Settler  there- 
on James  Wilsons  place  now  was  first  Settled  by  J.  Hencock 
he  Sold  to  Hugh  Strickland  all  members  of  the  Valley 
church  and  rest  their  Hencock  from  england  and  Strick- 
land from  ireland  who  was  the  grandfather  of  Nirnrod 
Strickland  Esqr.  at  West  Chester  now,  H.  Strickland  died 
45  Since  now  the  place  of  John  Shuler  at  the  mouth  of 
Birch  run,  birdch  run  derived  its  name  as  the  chief  of  the 
Timber  growing  along  the  Same  was  birdch  this  place  was 
first  taken  up  and  Settled  by  garrit  Brumback  of  whom  i 
shall  treat  more  largely  in  its  turn  Frederick  Bingaman 
The  father  of  the  late  old  Frederick  Bingaman  a  mill  right 
by  trade  erected  the  first  saw  mill  that  was  erected  in  this 
neighborhood  and  in  his  time  addet  a  grist  mill  to  but  at 


86  East  Vincent  Township. 

this  time  nothing  to  be  Seen  as  part  of  the  hole  were  the 
building  Stood  but  head  and  tale  ranes  more  visible  this  is 
at  the  mouth  of  birdch  run  in  the  year  1794  I  been  Several 
times  in  their  was  one  pair  of  runners  in  to  Jap  on  the 
dwelling  was  all  under  one  Roof  Adam  Miller  the  father  of 
his  oldest  son  John  then  the  owner  who  got  the  Same  by 
will  of  his  father  John  Miller  was  or  had  been  a  brother  in 
law  of  mine  run  cheafly  through  with  the  property  Sold  the 
Same  to  Judge  John  Ralston  a  brother  in  law  of  his  Rals- 
ton erected  all  new  buildings  and  put  his  second  son  on  and 
after  the  decease  of  the  Judge  William  capt  it  at  the  ap- 
praismnt  This  place  and  the  place  the  writer  lives  on 
join  down  french  creek  and  from  french  Creek  up  the  hill 
Sout  31  West  125  along  my  what  we  call  the  hill  place  of 
which  I  Shall  treat  more  distinct  in  its  turn  Birdch  run 
runs  about  the  above  corse  till  where  the  two  branches 
meet  This  Valley  of  birdch  run  is  termed  here  and  called 
the  hallow  incline  all  the  lands  each  Side  of  the  run  to  the 
head  on  the  left  up  the  Stream  the  assenting  is  chiefly  Tim- 
ber land  at  this  time  and  on  the  right  cheafly  clear  and  cul- 
tivated and  considerable  buildings  there  are  in  the  corse  of 
not  more  than  2  miles  4  cristmills  4  Saw  mills  one  oil  mill 
and  one  tilt  and  the  best  Seat  that  of  John  Sheelers  vacant 
a  great  part  of  this  Timber  land  belonged  to  grunds  and 
Caspar  Himes  places  and  between  grund  and  Michal  Kolb  a 
difficult  law  suit  had  taken  place  about  the  year  1805  con- 
cerning the  water  that  is  were  the  oil  and  Sawmill  is  now 
the  property  of  Auengrater  and  in  the  direction  of  where 
the  branches  meet  birdch  run  Schoolhouse  where  the  Town- 
ship of  West  Vincent  elections  are  held  Since  the  last  de- 
vition  and  of  nearly  all  the  lands  to  the  right  of  Said  run  to 
the  head  of  the  Jinkings  family  been  the  first  Settlers  and 
owners  of  and  its  hard  to  relate  that  none  of  that  large 
family  once  hold  a  foot  of  land  at  this  time  as  where  their 
corpses  lay  it  all  whent  down  their  troughts  in  liquor.  The 
property  of  the  present  John  Thomas  &  others  the  first 
Settler  thereof  was  Casper  Himes  ajoining  the  before  men- 


East  Vincent  Township.  8Y 

tioned  James  Wilson  Morris  Evans  the  first  Settler  on  the 
place  now  Isaac  Nathan  Hawks  now  own  of  which  i  have 
made  mention  above  one  John  Lewis  the  first  Settler  of  the 
late  Joseph  Kolbs  place  the  father  of  the  late  John  Evans 
deceased's  father  bought  of  J.  Lewis,  Robert  Ralstons 
place  now  i  could  not  git  to  trace  any  further  back  as 
John  Evans  Major  his  father  this  John  was  called  Major 
as  he  had  held  that  office  in  the  militia  for  many  years  And 
the  other  John  Evans  been  joining  place  was  called  J.  E. 
the  former  old  Henry  Benner  the  brother  of  Paul  Benner 
of  the  upermost  corner  of  Vincent  Henry  Stitlers  now  a 
Son  in  law  of  the  youngest  son  Henry  Benner  his  name 
been  Henry;  general  Benner  the  Iron  master  about  Silis- 
grove  Been  an  Son  of  this  H.  Benner.  Jacob  Yolgress  the 
first  Settler  on  the  place  now  called  John  Woodwards  In- 
formation of  James  Thomas  90  years  old  now  was  brought 
on  the  place  where  on  he  now  resides  by  his  parents  84 
years  ago  from  Wales  when  2  years  old  and  lives  in  the 
first  house  that  was  put  up  Says  that  he  served  out  3  Corn- 
panes  in  the  Revolution  and  that  in  the  battle  of  whitemash 
general  Erving  was  wounted;  when  i  called  on  him  James 
Thomas  Evan  Evans  of  East  Nantmil  he  tould  me  had 
been  with  him  and  had  taken  down  the  perticulars  that  he 
knew  of,  but  gave  me  the  following  perticulars  of  the  Sur- 
ounding  neighborhood  of  who  the  first  Settlers  had  been 
David  Thomas  the  first  Settler  on  old  Jacob  Heffilfengers 
place  were  him  and  his  Son  Lewis  deceased  now  Panne- 
beekers  place  David  Jinkins  the  first  owner  of  the  place 
where  John  Hiffilfenger  died,  the  Second  Son  of  Jacob  and 
John  his  Son  the  owner  on  this  place  the  grave  yard  is,  and 
Hiffilfenger  Surrounted  with  a  Stone  wall  the  said  David 
Thomas  been  the  owner  of  a  large  tract  and  that  of  Isaac 
Miller  and  John  Pauls  now  John  Mcfarling  was  the  first 
owner  of  all  that  is  now  Wm.  Brumbach's  and  John  Swine- 
hard's  places  David  Jinkins  was  the  owner  of  large  tracts  of 
land  and  being  Superviser  of  the  poor  he  had  to  burry  the 
last  remaining  Indian  when  died  on  my  hill  place  of  which 


88  East  Vincent  Township. 

i  Shall  say  more  in  its  turn  there  had  been  but  two  german 
families  Settled  in  west  Vincent  when  the  informant  was 
brought  here  Phaelix   Christman   and   Christian   Everhart 
Phaelix  devited  his  place  to  his  two  Sons  John  and  george 
the  had  no  male  issue  but  7  female  and  the  widdow  lives  on 
this  place  and  Daniel  a  son  of  John  the  owner  of  his  fathers 
place  and  one  ....  Wagonman  the  first  Settler  on  the  lands 
of  Everharts,  he  ....  Wagonman  the  first  Settler  died  with- 
out male  issue  and  Christian  Everhard  married  the  widdow 
who  was  the  grand  father  of  Wm.  Everhart  Esqr.  at  West 
Chester  Christian  left  the  places  to  2  sons  James  and  Benja- 
min James  deceased  and  Benjamin  alife  at  present,  now  the 
place  of  Wm.  Huston  was  owned  many  years  by  an  german 
by  the  name  of  Jacob  Ellis  but  left  no  male  issue  on  this 
place  Thomas  Watkina  was  the  first  Settler  on  this  place 
David  Jinkins  brought  the  above  indian  and  buried  him  and 
this  is  the  place  that  the  divition  line  of  the  old  divition 
before  mentioned  runs  through  my  dam  to  Schulkill  on  this 
place  was  the  village  of  a  number  of  Indians  about  fourty 
perchis  from  french  creek  in  a  hollow  formed  of  high  banks 
on  three  sides  and  the  fronts  towards  the  Creek  level  with 
but  little  Slope  Secured  for  against  S.  E.  S.  W.  and  N.  E. 
winds  and  A.  Millers  place  adjoining  this  Mother  Miller  a 
Midwife  use  to  be  called  to  deliver  and  when  com  home 
She  use  to  tell  her  family  how  the  father  of  the  chield  use 
to  go  and  bring  a  handfull  of  roots  and  rubbed  the  infant 
with  and  when  these  indians  left  the  oldest  of  them  not 
liking  to  go  and  wile  lived  here  whent  to  the  neighboring 
houses  to  git  Something  to  eat  and  when  he  was  asked  why 
he  had  not  gone  whit  his  people  he  replyd  that  he  wished 
to  live  as  long  as  he  could  and  that  he  had  known  that  he 
could  not  reach  the  destiny  and  that  they  would  to  had 
killed  him  on  the  road    This  is  the  indian  above  mentioned 
that  D.  Jinkins  had  to  buirry  Some  years  after  John  David 
had  Settled  himself  on  this  place  and  had  erected  Some 
kind  of  buildings  and  had  cleared  some  ground  to  farm  he 
obtained  a  lease  of  the  proprietaries  Thomas  and  Richard 


East  Vincent  Township.  89 

Penn  their  attornies  Richard  Peters  and  Lin  ford  Lardner 
their  agents  for  that  purpose  the  19th  day  of  February  1*746 
for  thee  years;  David  was  a  miller  by  trade  and  erected  a 
grist  mill  at  bridge  run  where  now  the  tilt  is  53  years  ago 
was  a  powdermill  on  that  place  i  was  then  in  and  bought  a 
pound  of  powder  one  Erdmaii  was  then  carrying  on  the 
buisness  in  1758  John  David  conveyed  around  the  dam  of 
now  mine  a  certain  tract  of  land  and  in  the  year  1776  con- 
veyed the  remainder  of  his  place  to  John  young,  the  father 
of  the  old  John  young  now  near  govantry  forge  george 
Christman's  now  which  was  44  years  before  John  young  got 
a  tille  of  the  west  Jersy  Society  now  i  am  Sitting  writing  in 
my  mansion  on  the  East  Side  french  creek  having  the 
above  discribed  place  in  sight;  This  my  place  was  first 
Settled  by  one  Samuel  Bowen  But  will  leve  this  Subject  and 
return  to  east  Vincent  again.  The  Vincent  lands  before 
Seated,  where  Called  Callowhill  mannor.  In  the  year  1827 
I  Frederick  Sheeder  bought  this  hill  place  as  we  called,  of 
John  young  and  erected  New  house  and  barn  and  improved 
the  Same  otherwise  on  this  place  are  good  iron  oar  but  not 
in  operation  and  has  all  appearance  of  limestone  the  french 
creek  devids  these  two  places  the  hill  place  in  west  arid  this 
the  Papermill  place  in  East  Vincent  of  which  i  shall  give  a 
more  perticular  discription  in  detail  in  its  turn  I  have  to 
turn  towards  the  uper  end  of  West  Vincent  as  i  excipt 
making  mention  of  Some  places  the  place  at  present  occu- 
pied by  Joseph  Davis  at  the  conestoco  pike  between  Christ- 
man's places  and  formerly  Ludwigs  Tavarn,  the  first  Settler 

of  that  was  one  Mr. John  the  grandfather  of  Jona 

John  now  on  old  Knerrs  place  there  are  Some  miner  tracts 
that  i  have  no  information  of,  now  i  will  proseed  to  Kim- 
berton  farm  was  first  Settled  by  one  Parker  of  whom  g. 
Christman  deceased  bought  altho  in  Pikeland  the  line  of 
vincent  and  Pikeland  runs  through  that  farm  its  likely  in 
my  corse  i  Shall  give  you  the  name  of  the  person  of  whom 
you  can  obtain  a  Scheme  Sketch  of  Kimberton  this  my 
Residence  and  Reinhards  factorys;  down  Royal  Spring 


90  East  Vincent  Township. 

Stream  emties  in  french  creek  at  Clement  Rentgen's  de- 
ceased till  were  he  use  to  factor  the  round  iron  opposed  that 
is  the  large  farm  now  Alexander  Caneday,  East  Vincent 
Umphry  Lloyd  was  the  first  Settler  on   this  place  where 
french  creek  runs  along  the  line  of  2  sides  to  the  left  where- 
as the  creek  runs  to  the  right  2  sides  of  Johna  Johns  place 
above  discribed  umphry  Lloyd  came  from  wales  and  old  age 
had  but  one  Son  John  who  kept  the  place  till  died  of  old 
age  John  lived  till  much  advances  in  years  then  took  a  wife 
got  2  Sons  who  been  miners  at  the  decease  of  their  father 
and  when  came  on  age  to  take  charge  of  the  property  not 
been  brought  up  to  work  Soon  run  through  with,  this  is 
one  of  the  handsomest  farms  in  the  Township,  now  I  pro- 
seed  up  the  creek  to  the  Lyles  place  Joseph  Rogers  the 
grandfather  of  Wm.  Rogers  Esqr.  the  late  high  Sheriff  of 
Chester  County  and  Justice  of  the  peace,  and  of  James 
Rogers  at  Springville  came  from  Ireland  and  Settled  this 
place  first  and  indians  had  wigwombs  in  and  around  the 
bank  where  he  erected  his  buildings  addet  more  caves  in 
Said  bank  for  his  Negro  Slaves  to  live  in  and  in  the  mean- 
time he  had  a  Sone  growing  up  and  use  to  rassel  with  the 
indians  of  which  play  they  been  very  fond — further  ahead 
you  will  find  it  Stated  that  its  126  years  Since  this  took 
place    Jonathan  Rogers  one  of  the  Sons  of  Joseph  hel  the 
largest  part  of  the  large  tract  and  died  on  the  Same  in  the 
year  1792  Jonathan  Sold  to  the  Pottses  and  Hopert  50  acres 
the  lower  part  of  the  place  along  the  creek  to  erect  a  Slit- 
ting mill  and  a  forge  to  make  germen  Steel,  of  this  i  Shall 
treat  more  largely  hereafter  and  of  the  time  when  I  with  my 
parents  and  others  came  to  this  country  next  comes  Henry 
Yeager's  place  now  joining  french  creek  the  Father  in  law 
of  old  Henry  Knerr  by  the  name  of  Henry  Miller  was  the 
first  Settler  on  this  place  by  whos  death  H.  Knerr  became 
the  heir  of  and  he  left  it  by  his  will  to  his  oldest  Son  but  one 
Henry  Knerr  that  kept  the  middle  ferry  had  been  the  old- 
est son  Jacob  Knerr  after  his  decease  H.  y eager  became  the 
owner  of  next  place  joining  french  creek  the  creek  divides 


East  Vincent  Township.  91 

this  and  Johna  John's  are  a  Crist  mill  and  Sawmill  2 
dwelling  houses  and  School  hous  called  Christman's  School- 
house  and  mills  the  present  owner  was  willed  to  by  his 
father  Henry  Christman  the  oldest  Son  of  old  Henry  Christ- 
man  deceased  the  farm  house  and  2  Stone  houses  and  large 
Barn  with  other  buildings  Stand  on  a  rising  about  50  perchis 
from  the  works  the  mill  and  out  buildings  the  present 
proprietor  erected,  This  place  was  first  Settled  by  the  before 
mentioned  Paul  Benner  who  was  a  Son  in  law  of  garrit 
Brumbaek  of  whome  I  have  to  give  a  detailed  describing 
of  in  its  turn  of  whome  old  John  Hause  purchased  which  is 
hard  on  30  years  and  erected  permenant  buildings  in  his 
time  and  died  old  age  next  place  up  french  creek  the  pres- 
ent proprietor  george  Christman  youngest  Son  of  Henry 
and  brother  of  the  former  the  old  gentleman  along  with  his 
brother  george  that  afterwards  became  the  owner  of  Kim- 
berton  place,  purchased  this  property  when  young  men  ot 
the  first  Settler  Thomas  Bra  wall  brother  of  Wm.  that  Paul 
Benner  had  bought  of  after  Henry  C.  and  g.  lived  on  this 
place  george  here  is  a  lately  erected  roofed  bridge  accross 
french  creek,  Sold  his  Share  to  his  brother  Henry  and  pur- 
chased the  Kimberton  farm  then  on  to  300  acres  Henry 
Turned  everything  to  advantage  and  prospered  left  places 
by  will  to  all  his  children  but  one,  and  She  got  hers  in 
cash,  on  this  place  is  an  indian  grave  close  to  the  fence  that 
has  head  and  foot  stone  which  i  have  viewed,  next  to  this 
along  the  creek  is  Andrew  Bussert  now,  which  old  Adam 
Miller  willed  to  his  Second  Son  Conrad  but  could  not  keep 
it  like  his  brother  John  was  sold  for  him  about  the  year 
1817  on  account  being  incumbered,  next  to  that  is  the  place 
I,  F.  Sheeder  reside  on,  this  place  was  first  Settled  by  Sam- 
uel Bowen  who  erected  a  crist  mill  and  Sawmill  then  none 
in  the  parts  around  for  20  miles  and  after  the  decease  of 
Said  S.  Bowen  george  and  Miric  David  two  brothers  bought 
the  property  then  containing  200  acres  and  better  it  appears 
that  Bowen  Sold  a  lot  off  at  the  upper  end  which  is  now  the 
property  of  the  widdow  Shuler  who  had  been  the  wife  of 


92  East  Vincent  Township. 

the  late  Wm.  Shuler,  the  Said  g.  and  Miric  David  put  every 
thing  in  repair  and  in  complead  order  and  the  mill  not 
being  Spacious  for  the  acquirement  of  the  business,  they 
erected  a  new  mill  the  one  here  then  was  of  hewn  logs  but 
they  erected  a  large  Stone  mill  house  of  three  Story  high 
over  and  around  the  one  that  was  and  wile  this  was  in  pro- 
gress the  Millrights  had  to  have  all  their  work  rady  to  clap 
in  as  soon  as  the  roof  been  on  the  new  millhouse  and 
as  Soon  the  roof  was  on  the  old  house  and  geering  was  tore 
out  and  the  new  put  in  In  three  days  time  for  the  mill  to 
run  again  on  account  of  the  throng  of  the  buisness  and 
Some  years  after  Miric  Sold  his  Share  to  his  brother  george 
and  he  took  up  the  place  next  above  this  something  like 
300  acres  and  erected  a  forge.  Some  number  of  years  after 
he  became  indebted  and  this  property  was  Sold  by  the 
Sheriff  i  must  return  back  to  this  place  of  mine  before 
proseeding  on  of  Miric  David,  John  David  on  the  hill  place 
of  which  a  discribtion  is  above  given  was  a  thirth  brother 
they  been  all  millers  by  trade  they  been  brought  up  to 
that  by  thier  father  thier  father  owned  the  property  that 
is  at  this  time  called  Millers  factory  in  Covantry,  tho  John 
had  been  Small  of  person  and  lame  he  got  to  larn  the 
Tailoring  trade  and  whent  by  the  name  wile  living  on  the 
hill  place  hopping  Tailor  or  little  John,  george  Secured  all 
the  water  right  to  his  works  and  12  years  after  John  had 
been  the  possesor  of  the  hill  place  he  conveyed  a  Small  tri- 
angle to  george  at  the  upper  end  at  the  dam  wich  is  now 
88  years  past,  the  writing  for  that  purpose  been  Signed  the 
Ninth  day  of  August  1758.  After  the  decease  of  george 
David  old  Jacob  Keeley  the  father  of  the  last  deceased  Jacob 
deceased  purchased  the  property  and  repaired.  The  infor- 
mation of  the  erecting  of  the  before  mentioned  mill  house 
&  &  i  obtained  of  old  James  John  ten  years  ago  Shortly  be- 
fore his  decease  i  been  with  him  twice  Seeing  him  and  in 
our  conversation  he  tould  me  that  this  had  been  the  place 
that  he  had  been  Sent  to  mill  when  a  boy  and  that  then 
the  mill  was  new  built  and  the  circumstances  as  related 


East  Vincent  Township.  93 

above  and  lie  counted  up  the  years  from  then  and  Said  that 
it  was  82  years  than  I  been  asking  Joshua  Hause  once 
when  he  had  that  mill  torn  away  to  erect  the  present  paper- 
mill  as  i  got  my  Sawing  done  here  i  been  building  the  barn 
on  the  hill  then,  If  he  could  discover  anything  about  the 
old  mill  how  long  it  had  been  build  and  he  Said  that  there 
had  been  a  date  at  one  of  the  gable  ends  and  that  according 
to  that  date  it  had  been  build  81  years  for  me  asking  him 
that  question  was  that  in  the  winder  of  1793  and  1794  I  the 
first  time  came  past  here  to  go  to  Brumbachs  church  It  ap- 
peared to  me  then  to  be  an  old  building  and  the  walls 
cracked  much  however  to  return  to  Jacob  Keeley  Repairing 
everything  of  a  new  he  addit  new  buildings  a  pullingmill 
and  gun  factory  and  a  large  new  stone  house  and  kept  then 
a  public  house  in  he  got  an  daughter  married  to  a  Batman 
he  then  put  an  addition  to  for  Batman  to  keep  store 
every  thing  was  prosporing  with  him  he  erected  a  bridge 
accross  french  creek  here  on  his  own  expence.  The  forage 
Magazine  was  here  the  time  the  Army  lay  at  Valley  forge 
and  its  Said  that  there  is  a  cannon  buirried  here  that  g. 
Washington  had  ordered  to  be  Spiked  and  buirried  when 
he  left  the  parts;  J.  K.  had  a  Team  going  continually  haul- 
ing for  the  army.  Jacob  Keeley  died  the  day  of  the  battle 
of  germantown  69  years  ago  his  widdow  Elizabeth  She  lived 
here  30  od  years  after  his  decease  her  Son  Jacob  Keeley 
took  possession  as  heirs  and  he  did  not  injoy  the  property 
long  in  2  or  3  years  him  and  wife  died  not  fare  appart 
Some  of  the  heirs  took  it  at  the  appraisement  but  Sold  the 
same  to  "Wm.  Sahler  in  1816  Sahler  possessed  it  a  copple  of 
years  and  was  Sold  out  by  the  Shirriff  the  heirs  bought  it 
but  could  not  hold  it  assigners  were  choosen  they  divited  it 
in  two  tracts  84  acres  to  the  Mill  and  71  Acres  to  the  Tav- 
ern the  Township  election  has  all  way  been  here  within  6 
years  and  the  general  Election,  is  no  Tavern  nor  election 
held  here  at  present  I  have  a  building  in  progress  for 
Lycium  and  School  and  when  finished  will  be  dwelling  for 
2  more  familys  here  as  are  now  6  family's  here  34  persons 


94  East  Vincent  Township. 

an  engreas  in  the  Spring  of  12  persons  more;  The  assign- 
ers  had  not  been  able  to  vell  then  the  Shirriff  Sold  the  mill 
tract  in  1819  and  Daniel  Hause  purchased  it  and  put  his 
Son  Joshua  here  and  in  1825  Conveyed  it  to  Joshua  and  he 
conveyed  it  to  Frederick  Sheeder  the  present  proprietor  in 
1832  and  Since  then  have  been  continually  at  building  and 
repairing  in  the  year  1821  the  dam  whent  away  and  was 
kept  up  but  temporally  till  in  1838  built  a  permenant  one 
the  house  i  live  in  i  erected  in  in  1840  i  erected  a  new  Barn 
that  has  20  thousand  Shingles  on  its  roof  a  year  or  two 
after  I  had  put  in  a  permanant  dam  the  property  next 
above  come  into  new  hands  made  clame  for  damages  to  pay 
for  the  property  that  they  had  bought  too  high  the  damages 
been  laid  at  2500  dollars  and  the  gentleman  was  awarted  i 
cent  damage  and  $100.00  for  the  time  to  com  and  after 
that  was  paid  It  was  discovered  that  the  dam  was  not  with- 
in a  foot  as  high  as  the  former  dams  had  been,  Here  i  must 
relate  an  anecdote  in  the  year  of  1833  when  this  my  man- 
sion was  under  roof  living  then  in  the  old  house  a  gentle- 
man from  Connecticut  called  on  me  to  Subscribe  for  a  book 
Whitetields  life  and  Sermons  i  did  so  and  he  loged  over 
knight  with  me  and  in  the  conversation  we  had  after  Supper 
he  Said  that  if  any  person  had  tould  him  that  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania  was  Such  a  country  as  he  had  found  it  to  be 
he  would  not  had  belived  it  I  put  the  question  wy,  his 
answer  was,  we  call  your  Corn  Stocks  Sabling  and  your  houses 
pallases;  I  must  proseed  to  the  next  place  Conrad  Bode  15 
years  hence  came  from  germany  bought  the  Seventy  one 
acres  of  the  assigners  and  Sold  14  acres  with  the  part  of 
the  buildings  the  new  part  of  the  house  and  part  of  the 
Stabling  he  moved  accross  the  new  road  and  erected  a 
house  and  barn  where  he  at  present  resides ;  of  the  next 
place  above  this  i  made  mention  who  the  first  Settler 
was  last  fall  it  has  been  Sold  by  assinement  in  two  tracts 
and  2  fields  not  Sold  is  nothing  in  opporation  but  i  belive 
the  oil  mill  there  is  a  limestone  quarry  on  this  place  the 
next  above  that  is  David  Marys  but  cheafly  of  the  forge  place 


East  Vincent  Township.  95 

the  next  above  that  is  the  Borthalets  place  3  farms  with 
Christ  and  Sawmill  on  the  Smallest  tract  Samuel  Bortha- 

let  purchased  it  Second  hanted  after  the  decease  of 

Root  and  its  Suposed  that  W.  Root  was  the  first  Settler 
on  the  same  The  next  place  John  Buchard  formerly  John 
Titlow  and  its  Suposed  that,  That  family  been  the  first 
Settlers,  Next  is  Pughtown  James  Pugh  took  up  then  this 
along  with  Tounsend's  place  all  in  one  is  a  large  tract  of 
land  a  good  part  has  been  Sold  out  in  town  lots  and  houses 
are  going  on  brisk  2  Stores  a  Tanary  a  Temprance  hotel  a 
Schoolhouse  a  permenent  Stone  bridge  accross  the  creek 
mill  and  Sawmill ;  am  in  Covantry  now  but  will  soon  return 
to  Vincent  again  as  i  understood  of  Dr.  St.  Meredith  that 
he  could  not  attend  to  comply  to  his  letter  he  had  received 
of  the  Society,  Samuel  Nutt  erected  the  first  ironworks  at 
Covantry  ville.  The  next  place  above  Pughtown  Jesse 
Meredith  Says  that  his  great  grandfather  took  up  that  place 
300  acres  in  1712  and  did  pay  £  45:00:00  now  i  turn  back  to 
Vincent  again  to  the  place  this  Side  of  Pughtown,  Frederick 
Lehr's  place  a  germen  of  late  years  but  Jacob  Mundshauer 
a  Swiss,  I  shall  Say  more  of  this  Jacob  when  i  com  to  treat 
of  Reinhards  place,  the  first  Settler  was  held  by  the  family 
till  whithin  12  years  hence  Jacob  M.  was  a  Stone  mason  by 
trade  and  one  of  his  Sons,  John  had  learned  the  blacksmith 
trade  he  whent  to  Lancaster  to  work  Jurney  work  and  he 
worket  there  the  time  the  Baxten  boys  first  came  to  Lan- 
caster to  distroy  the  town,  they  baxten  boys  took  his  Sledge 
out  of  the  Shop  for  him  he  John  returned  home  again  and 
worket  for  himself.  He  was  the  first  Smith  that  put  hups 
on  wagon  wheels  in  these  parts  of  the  country  this  infor- 
mation i  dirived  of  a  grand  son  of  his,  he  is  now  called  old 
Jacob  Mundshauer ;  if  trancelated  in  english  a  person  that 
looks  into  an  others  mouth  the  next  place  to  the  right  hand 
of  the  Pughtown  road  was  first  Settled  and  builtings  erected 
one  Alhannah  John  after  him  old  Philip  Miller  became  the 
owner  and  after  his  decease  it  had  a  copple  of  owners  and 
the  widdow  and  heirs  of  the  late  Christian  Funk  are  the 


96  East  Vincent  Township. 

owners  and  reside  thereon  this  is  now  reversing  the  corse 
first  i  whent  up  the  creek  now  i  come  back  or  down  but  on 
the  right  of  Bransons  road  on  Kirnberton  and  Pughtown 
road  and  between  that  and  the  Ridge  road  in  East  vincent, 
next  place  is  John  green's  formarly  Abraham  Beidler  but 
for  many  years  george  Hubner  and  it  is  supposed  that,  That 
family  been  the  first  Settlers  next  are  64  acres  that  F.  Shee- 
der  owns  now  no  buildings  on,  formerly  belonging  to  that 
place  next  the  Widdow  Maureys  former  owner  george 
Sneider  which  if  translated  is  Tailor,  next  place  is  Jacob 
Cristman's  the  Second  Son  of  Henry  deceased  which  place 
was  first  Settled  by  one  Philip  Thomas  this  place  joins  mine 
and  the  lands  of  garrit  Brumback's  in  whos  behalf  i  have  to 
treat  largely  in  its  turn.  P.  Thomas  and  g.  Brumback  been 
two  of  the  first  Settlers  in  that  part  of  the  Township  Thomas 
a  Seven  day  baptist  and  Brumback  a  calvinist  Masle 
Thomas  a  Son  of  his  was  owner  for  many  years  after  the 
decease  of  his  father  and  after  the  decease  of  Masle  none  of 
his  Sons  could  hold  it  and  on  this  place  stood  a  large  peach 
tree  that  brought  sound  fruit  80  years  George  Christman 
and  others  have  heard  Penina  Mccrakin  a  Sister  of  Masle's 
often  relate  it  to  them  this  Penina  Me.  Crakin  had  part  of 
her  fathers  place  here  her  father  erected  house  and  barn  for 
her  and  both  are  occupied  the  boards  on  the  floor  are  pinned 
down  2  story  high,  and  Since  her  decease  as  She  had  no 
heir  as  her  brother's  children  it  came  into  other  hands  and 
devited  into  three  parts  William  Wilson  holds  the  part 
where  the  buildings  are  on  now  i  have  to  go  down  and  be- 
gin at  the  Pikeland  line  and  come  up  to  the  right  of  the 
Ridge  road  at  Henry  Bash  his  place  formarly  and  for  many 
years  the  ormy's  place  and  its  Supposed  that  John  the 
grandfather  of  the  present  ormeys  had  been  the  first  Set- 
tler perhaps  100  years  ago  he  was  born  1718  and  died 
1790  next  Henry  Hippel's  deceased  place  in  the  hands  of 
his  children  Thomas  Snider  was  the  first  Settler  of  this 
place  Henry  Hippel  Married  his  dauther  and  became  the 
owner  Thomas  was  born  1716  and  died  1782  aged  66  years 


East  Vincent  Township.  97 

on  this  is  the  first  house  standing  with  additions  addet  to 

• 

build  of  log  and  the  first  part  built  is  good  at  this  time  and 
is  the  main  room  i  was  in  it  to  view  it  for  this  purpose. 
Henry  Hippel  was  born  1759  died  1843  age  84  years,  on 
the  most  east  westerly  corner  of  this  place  in  the  corner  be- 
low the  Ridge  road  a  long  the  line  of  formarly  Henry 
Millers  place  Stands  the  monument  of  Revolutionaries  of 
which  i  Shall  give  a  full  describtion  of  in  its  turn  when  i 
com  to  treat  of  g.  Washintons  incampment  at  the  Springs 
and  his  first  night  in  quartering  which  was  here,  the  hill 
church  Stands  on  the  top  level  in  the  corner  of  this  place 
on  this  ridge  on  his  way  to  Reading ;  the  next  is  Wm. 
Rogers  Esqr.  and  late  Sherriffof  Chester  County;  which  is 
part  of  old  Joseph  Bassler's  place  the  Ridge  road  passing 
through  by  the  tenements  old  Bassler  its  belived  was  the 
first  Settler  on  this  place  joings  Wm.  grandfather's  place, 
and  now  begin  the  different  places  till  part  Brumback 
Church  on  the  left  of  the  Ridge  road  when  i  come  to  treat 
of  the  churches  I  Shall  then  give  the  particulars  in  detail 
now  crossing  the  road  a  distance  above  the  church  then  the 
revers  course  first  Isaac  younblod's  place  then  the  Poseys 
place  Edward  Brumback's  place  The  great,  grandfather  of 
Said  Edward  wras  the  first  Settler  here  garrit  Brumback 
came  from  germany  when  but  one  house  Stood  where  ger- 
mantown  now  Stands  he  tarried  a  wile  about  there  and 
came  up  here  took  up  1000  acres  and  erected  buildings  and 
the  first  house  was  of  log  all  split  with  the  wip  saw  and 
about  four  years  past  Edward  tore  it  away  and  erected  a 
Stone  house  in  the  place  and  now  lives  in,  garrit  as  soon 
he  had  erected  builting  he  capt  Tavern  in  and  there  was 
then  an  Indian  village  about  50  or  60  perchis  where  the 
roads  now  crosses,  Pottsgrove  and  Schullkill  roads  (and  a 
new  meeting  house  now  Stands)  of  300  Souls  and  garrit 
got  them  under  his  commant  they  helpet  him  to  work  and 
got  provition  in  return,  gearhard  to  had  to  Set  down  with 
them  and  Smoke  a  pipe  of  tobaco  and  rassel  with  them  this 
pleased  them  much  and  they  then  Sang  war  Songs  for  him 
VOL.  xxxiv. — 7 


98  East  Vincent  Township. 

his  time  he  had  to  go  to  the  Valley  forge  1 0  mile  to  git  his 
plough  irons  Sharpened  and  carried  one  on  each  Side  of  his 
horse,  this  was  the  first  public  house  kept  in  these  parts 
that  he  kept.  The  Indians  had  been  verry  fond  of  potatoes 
Turnips  and  especially  milk  i  could  mention  the  lines  of 
this  tract,  but  takes  too  much  time. 

( To  be  continued . ) 


Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices.  99 


EECOED  OF  SEEVANTS  AND  APPEENTICES  BOUND 
AND  ASSIGNED  BEFOEE  HON.  JOHN  GIBSON, 
MAYOE  OF  PHILADELPHIA,  DECEMBEE  STH,  1772- 
MAY  21,  1773. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  xxxiii,  page  491.) 

1773. 
January  1st. 

Hannah  Moore  under  indenture  of  servitude  to  John 
Hagan  now  cancelled,  servant  to  Henry  Starrett  of  Phil*. 

James  Karr  with  consent  of  his  mother  Mary,  apprentice 
to  John  Flinn  of  Phila  cabinet  maker. 

Anna  Mary  Famerin  Junr  with  consent  of  her  mother, 
servant  to  George  Smith  of  the  Northern  Liberties  and  his 
wife. 

January  2d. 

Frederick  Winter  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to  Jacob 
Coblance  of  Bristol  Township  Phila 

Valentine  Fingar  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to  James 
Brinton  of  Pennsborough  Township. 

Peter  Cellier  aged  twenty-one  years  and  upwards,  an  ap- 
prentice to  Wm  Shippen  of  Phila  Cooper. 

George  Smith  Junr  with  consent  of  his  father,  apprentice 
to  Peter  Cress  of  Phila 

January  4.. 

John  Martin  servant  to  John  Raynolds  cabinet-maker  of 
Phila. 

Mary  Maxfield  aged  12  years  and  six  months,  apprentice 
to  Andrew  Bunner  of  Phila.  merchant  by  the  managers  of 
the  House  of  Employment. 

John  Chrit"  Remeck  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to 
Michael  Immel  of  Phila. 


100  Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices. 

James  Woodward  with  consent  of  his  Brother  Thomas, 
apprentice  to  John  Scattergood  of  the  Northern  Liberties 
Tanner  and  Currier,  to  be  taught  the  business,  found  all 
necessaries  and  also  allowed  to  go  to  night  school  during 
the  time  of  his  apprenticeship  at  the  expense  of  his  brother. 

January  5. 

Susanna  Spaunin  last  from  Kotterdam,  servant  to  the 
Revd  John  Ewing  of  Phila 

Barbara  Fordyth  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to  Francis 
Wade  of  Phila. 

Edward  Bartholomew  with  the  consent  of  his  mother 
Mary,  apprentice  to  George  Wilson,  hatter,  of  Phila 

January  6. 

John  Karla  with  consent  of  his  Father  Casper,  appren- 
tice to  Peter  Cooper  of  Phil*  Cordwainer. 

James  Ford  with  consent  of  his  Father  Stephen,  appren- 
tice to  Jacob  Maag  of  Passyunk  Township. 

January  7. 

Charles  O'Connor  [Nov.  12th  1772]  servant  assigned  by 
James  Whiteall  to  Thomas  Moore  of  Phila 

George  Taylor  [May  14th  3  769  before  J.  Jones  Esqr]  ser- 
vant of  Samuel  Simpson  to  Amariah  Farnsworth  of  Bur- 
den Town,  New  Jersey. 

January  8. 

John  Nevell  [June  3rd  1771  &  11th  Inst]  apprentice  as- 
signed by  John  Elmsly  to  John  Handlyn  of  Phil* 

Bartholomew  Lyons  [Sep*  24th  1771]  who  was  under  an 
Indenture  of  Apprenticeship  to  Simon  Fitzgerald  late  of 
Phil*.  Cordwainer  who  has  since  absconded  and  by  Virtue 
of  an  Order  of  the  Mayors  Court  held  the  5th  of  this  In- 
stant, cancelled,  and  with  consent  of  his  Mother  Eleanor 
bound  an  apprentice  to  James  Starr  of  Phil*  Cordwainer. 


Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices.  101 

Henry  Weismiller  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to  George 
Ross  of  Phila  Butcher. 

Conrad  Under  see  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to  George 
Ross  of  Phil*  Butcher. 

Mary  Lincoln  servant  assign'd  by  Jonathan  Jones  to 
Mary  Pugh  of  Upper  Merion.  Phil*  County 

Mary  Lincoln  [aged  five  years  and  five  months]  servant, 
by  her  Father  Thomas  to  Jonathan  Jones  and  assigned  by 
said  Jones  to  Mary  Pugh. 

John  Clark  servant  to  John  Marshall  of  Moyamensing. 

January  9. 

Thom.as  McDonald  servant  to  William  Richardson  of 
Fawn  Township. 

January  11. 

John  Neveli  [8th  Inst]  apprentice  assing'd  by  John  Hand- 
lyn  to  his  Father  Tho8  of  Phila 

Charlotte  Tucker  with  consent  of  her  Mother  Elizabeth 
Fiddess,  apprentice  to  Townsend  White  of  Phil* 

Joseph  Bro  with  consent  of  his  Mother  Margaret  Le 
Beauf,  apprentice  to  Joseph  Huddle  of  Southwark  Cooper. 

Ludwlg  Reineek  1  [Feby  23rd  1773]  last  from 

and  Maria  Eliza  his  wife}  Rotterdam,  servants  to  James 
Vaux  of  Providence  Township. 

John  Christopher  Haus  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to 
Samuel  Howeli  of  Phil*  merchant. 

Paul  Frederick  Brunner  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to 
John  Rupp  of  Phil* 

William  Stephens  [Dec.  15th  last,  past]  serv*  assign'd  by 
Elis  Newlin  to  Eleazor  Levi  of  New  York  City. 

January  12. 

Salome  Albright  a  poor  child  aged  eleven  years,  appren- 
tice by  Joel  Zane  and  Joseph  Thatcher  Overseers  of  the 
Poor  for  the  Northern  Liberties  to  John  Moyer,  Tanner. 


102  Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices. 

John  Hanson  servant  to  Andrew  Moynihan  of  Phila 
James  Manly  servant  assigned  by  Matthew  Conard  to  Rob- 
ert Hopkins  Junr  of  Philadelphia. 

January  13. 

John  Drinker  with  consent  of  his  Father  Edward  appren- 
tice to  Bowyer  Brooke  of  Phila  Boat  Builder. 

Isaac  Wood  with  consent  of  his  Father  James  apprentice 
to  Bowyer  Brooke  of  Phila  Boat  Builder. 

Patrick  Taaffe  [July  19th  1771]  who  was  under  Indenture 
to  John  Howard  now  cancelled,  servant  to  James  Lees  of 
Phila 
John  Mitchell 


William  Cleark 
George  Peters 
John  Flintham 
John  Mills 
William  Farley 


servants  to  William  Montgomery  of  Au- 
gusta Co.  in  Virginia. 


January  14- 

Michael  Farrel  \  servants  to  Wm  Montgomery  of  Augusta 
and  Owen  Rogers  j  Co.  in  Virginia. 

Anthony  Auwor  &  }  last  from  Rotterdam,  servants  to  Jo- 
Dorothea  his  wife  j  seph  Mitchell  of  Tredeffryn 

Duncan  Mc Arthur  Junr  with  consent  of  his  Father  appren- 
tice to  James  Fisher  of  Phila  Shopkeeper. 

James  Mc Donald  redemptioner  now  cancelled,  servant  to 
John  Scantlan  of  the  Borough  of  Chester. 

January  16. 

John  Connel  last  from  Ireland  redemptioner  to  Walter 
Marshal,  servant  to  Robert  Gray  of  Phila 

John  Vicker  who  was  under  Indenture  of  Servitude,  last 
from  St.  Croix,  servant  to  Robert  Turner  of  Phila 

Lewis  Portia  who  was  under  Indenture  to  Samuel  Pen- 
rose  now  cancelled,  servant  to  Samuel  Penrose  of  Kingcess 
Township. 


Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices.  103 

January  18. 

George  Connelly  who  was  under  Indenture  to  Sam1  Skillen 
now  cancelled,  with  consent  of  his  mother  Elizabeth  Rowen, 
apprentice  to  John  Pollard  of  Phila 

Anthony  Coupel  aged  18  yrs.  apprentice  to  Matthew  Poller 
of  Phila  Blacksmith. 

Arthur  Hurry  with  consent  of  his  Father  William  appren- 
tice to  John  McCalla  of  Phila 

January  19. 

Elizabeth  Till  with  consent  of  her  sister  Susanna  apprentice 
to  Wm  Fisher  of  Phila 

Mary  Mahoney  [May  8th  1772]  assigned  by  Robert  Dun- 
can to  Charles  White  of  Phila 

William  Wright  with  consent  of  his  mother  Susanna  ap- 
prentice to  Enoch  Hughs  of  Phila 

John  Conrad  Miffert        \  servants  to  Jacob  Morgan  Junr 
Maria  Dorothy  his  wife  &    i  of  Phil* 
Anna  Cathe  their  daughter   } 

Samuel  Thorn  with  consent  of  his  Friend  Richard  Marsh, 
apprentice  to  Joseph  Marsh  of  South wark. 

John  Conrade  Miffert  \  assigned  by  Jacob  Morgan 
Mary  Dorothy  his  -wife  V  Junr  to  Jacob  Morgan  Esqr 

&  Anna  Cathe  their  Daughter  )  of  Carnarven. 

Jacob  Lutz  with  the  consent  of  his  mother  Catherine 
Cloe,  apprentice  to  Jacob  Reese  of  Philft 

Catherine  Zauch  with  the  consent  of  her  Father  Christian 
apprentice  to  John  George  Kemle  of  Phila  and  his  wife. 

January  %0. 

Juliana  Dinges  last  from  Rotterdam  servant  to  Davis 
Bleid. 

Michael  Lepp  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to  Lawrence 
Lepp  of  Phila 

William  George  Dorrington  with  consent  of  his  mother 
Olane  Skinner,  apprentice  to  Robert  Caruh  of  Phila 


104  Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices. 


January 

John  Feierabend  last  from  Rotterdam  servant  to  Ludwig 
Kuhn. 

Luke  Coleman  [March  24th  1773]  who  was  lately  under 
an  Indenture  of  apprenticeship  to  James  Buckcannan,  ap- 
prentice to  John  Heller  Cooper  of  Phila 

John  Job  aged  three  years  and  ten  months  with  consent 
of  his  Mother  Mary,  apprentice  to  John  White  of  Passy- 
unck. 

January  22. 

Christopher  Scott  aged  17  years,  apprentice  by  the  Over- 
seers of  the  Poor  before  John  Lawrence  Esqr  the  11th  Feb- 
ruary 1766  to  John  Hillard  Cooper,  which  Indenture  is  now 
cancelled  with  consent  of  said  Hillard  and  also  of  the  Fa- 
ther Thomas  Scott,  apprentice  by  the  managers  of  the 
House  of  Employment  to  David  Soloman  of  Phil*  Cedar 
Cooper. 

Thomas  Bell  with  consent  of  his  Father  James,  apprentice 
to  George  Claypoole  of  Phila  cabinet  maker 

.Elizabeth  Margr  Mackzeiner  last  from  Rotterdam  servant 
to  William  Bettle  of  the  Northern  Liberties. 

Thomas  Smith  with  consent  of  his  mother  Elize  appren- 
tice to  Christel  Bartling  of  Phil* 

William  Tracy  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to  John 
Kluig  of  the  Northern  Liberties. 

Jane  Mead  who  was  under  Indenture  to  Robert  Otway 
now  cancelled,  servant  to  Charles  Risk  of  Phil*  and  asi°;n'd 

c> 

by  him  to  Robert  Park  of  West  Cain  Township 

George  Hollman  servant   to  John   Hollman  of  Plimoth 

Township 

Ludwig   Storch   servant  assigned  by  Wan  die  Zerben    to 

George  Baker  of  Norrington  Township. 

January  23. 

Daniel  Bakely  with  consent  of  his  Father  Christian,  ap- 
prentice to  John  Stall  of  Phila 


Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices.  105 

Ludwig  Storch  [see  22d  Instant]  servant  assigned  by 
George  Baker  to  Henry  Summers  of  the  Northern  Liberties 
Phila  county. 

John  Strawcutter  who  was  under  Indenture  to  Fred. 
Yerner  now  cancelled  and  with  consent  of  his  Father 
George,  apprentice  to  Philip  Worn  of  the  Northern  Liber- 
ties Black-smith. 

Eiisha  Dawes  [March  31st  1770]  apprentice  assigned  by 
William  Johnson  to  John  Prish  of  Phil*  Bricklayer. 

James  Beudiker  who  was  under  an  Indenture  of  appren- 
ticeship to  Daniel  Wegmore  which  is  last  apprentice  to  John 
Hide  Coster  of  Phil* 


January 

John  Myers  a  poor  boy  aged  sixteen  years  apprentice  to 
Richard  Humphreys  of  Phil* 


January 

Frederica  Reyina  Habner  a  servant  assigned  by  John  Wil- 
liam Hoffman  [Dec.  14th  1772]  to  George  Hidle  of  Phila 

Jacob  Catz  with  consent  of  his  grandfather  Martin  Catz 
and  his  Stepmother  Rosena,  apprentice  to  Martin  Besch  of 
Phil* 

Barbara  Sexin  [Dec.  5th  1772]  assign'd  by  Theodore 
Memin^er  to  John  Wm  Hoffman  of  Phil8 


January 

John  Peter  Uirick  [Dec.  26th  1772]  who  was  a  servant  by 
Indenture  to  Cath.  Slutz  now  cancelled,  servant  to  William 
Hoffman  of  Danker  Town. 

John  Apps  [May  20th  1771]  aged  twenty  seven  years  and 
upwards,  apprentice  to  Richard  Ham  of  Phila 

John  Hudson  with  consent  of  his  mother  Mary,  apprentice 
to  William  Singleton  of  Southwark,  Phil*  County  and  his 
wife. 

James  Black  with  consent  of  his  Father  Daniel  apprentice 
to  Michael  Brother  of  Phil*  Silversmith 


106  Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices. 


January 

Jacob  Grub  [Dec.  3d  1771]  assign'd  by  Christr  Rudolph  to 
Matthew  Grimes  of  Phil* 

John  Bickerton  [Jany  1st  1770]  assign'd  by  Matthew 
Grimls  to  serve  Christian  Rudolph  of  Phila. 

Joseph  Armitage  apprentice  assign'd  by  James  Worrel  to 
his  Father  Benjamin  Armitage  of  Bristol  Township 

Robert  Hall  with  consent  of  his  Friend  James  Carswell 
apprentice  to  Robert  Allison  of  S°wark. 

Robert  Leech  with  consent  of  his  Father  Duncan,  appren- 
tice to  Robert  Allison  of  S°wark. 

January  29. 

John  David  Neef  last  from  Rotterdam  servant  to  Caspar 
Wistar  of  Kings  County,  N.  Y. 

Catherine  Steel  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to  Caspar 
Wistar  of  Kings  County,  New  York. 

Rachel  Chard  a  poor  child  aged  ten  years,  apprentice  by 
the  Managers  of  the  House  of  Employment  to  Thomas 
Bradford  of  Phil'. 

January  30. 

Charles  Matthew  Grill,  servant  assign'd  by  Detrick  Reese 
to  John  Musser  of  Lancaster. 

February  1. 

Mary  Founder  [Feb.  28th  1771]  servant  assign'd  by  Joseph 
Williamson  to  Andrew  Summers  of  Phil* 

Jacob  Knode  with  consent  of  his  Father  George,  appren- 
tice to  Godfrey  Gebler  of  Phil*  black-smith. 

February  2. 

George  Chard  a  poor  child  aged  seven  years  apprentice  by 
the  Managers  of  the  House  of  Employment  to  Edward 
Wells  of  Phila  Bricklayer. 

John  Mason  servant  to  Joseph  Year. 

Stephen  Solcher  [Dec  4th  1771]  servant  assign'd  by  George 
Shepherd  to  Christopher  Ludwig. 


Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices.  107 

John  Mitchell  assign'd  by  Thomas  Toole  to  John  Lukins 
of  Phil* 

Christiana  Frederica,  Hemphill  last  from  Rotterdam  servant 
to  Samuel  Rhoads  Jimr  of  Phila 

Elizabeth  Reinhold  last  from  Rotterdam  servant  to  Adam 
Hubley  jimr  of  Phila  and  assigned  by  him  to  Henry  Keppele 
of  Phila 

February  3. 

Gislin  Humphreys  with  consent  of  his  Father  John  ap- 
prentice to  Thomas  Redman  of  Phil* 

February  4- 

John  Jacob  Misser  last  from  Rotterdam  servant  to  Wil- 
liam Trautwine  of  the  Northern  Liberties. 

Anna  Maria  Inglebold  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to 
James  Wallace  of  Phil*  and  by  him  assign'd  to  Daniel  Clark 
of  Maxfield. 

Anthony  Joseph  Brazier  [June  4th  1772]  apprentice  as- 
sign'd by  Martin  Fiss  to  Robert  Hopkins  jr  of  Phila 

Jacob  Moser  *\  last  from  Rotterdam  servant  to  Jacob  Diet- 
and  Catherine    vrick  of  Waterford  Township. 
his  icife  ) 

Mariah  Barbara  Hitz  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to 
Christopher  Dietrick  of  Waterford  Township. 

Tobias  Hitz  last  from  Rotterdam  servant  to  Christopher 
Dietrick  of  Waterford  Township. 

February  5. 

Bridget  Rogers  [May  9th  1772]  servant  assign'd  by  Joseph 
Johnson  to  Doctr  Richard  Farmer  of  Phila 

Richard  Riddle  with  consent  of  his  brother  James  appren- 
tice to  John  King  of  Phila  House  Carpenter 

February  6. 

Nicholas  Izenninger  with  consent  of  his  mother  Sarah  Rein 
hard  apprentice  to  John  Reinhard  of  Southwark  Phil* 
County. 


108  Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices. 

George  Frederick  Scheller  [Sep*  33d  1771]  servant  assigned 
by  John  Rhor  to  Lewis  Braihl  of  Phila 

Joseph  Simmers  apprentice  assigned  by  Joseph  Butler  to 
Peter  Robeson  of  Phila 

Casper  Shibe  last  from  Rotterdam,  with  consent  of  his  Fa- 
ther John  servant  to  George  Kopper  of  Phila 

Sarah  Moylan  with  consent  of  her  Father  Joseph,  appren- 
tice to  Philip  Worn  of  the  Northern  Liberties. 

February  8. 

Charles  Miller  last  from  Rotterdam  servant  to  Matthias 
Meyer  of  Phila 

Margaret  Barbara  Fritz  last  from  Rotterdam  servant  to 
Christian  Derrick  of  Moyamensing  Township 

Johannes  Fritz  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to  Christian 
Derrick  of  Moyamensing  Township. 

Catherine  Larshin  last  from  Rotterdam  servant  to  Law- 
rence Upman  of  the  Northern  Liberties. 

Maria  Elize  Larshin  last  from  Rotterdam  servant  to  Law- 
rence Upman  of  the  Northern  Liberties. 

John  May  with  consent  of  his  Father  William,  apprentice 
to  Samuel  Read  of  Phil*  Hatter. 

February  9. 

Michael  Downs  [Dec.  30th  1772]  servant  assign'd  by 
Thomas  Badge  to  Robert  Magill  of  Phila 

Margaret  Kelly  who  was  under  Indenture  of  Servitude  to 
James  Delaplaine  now  cancelled  at  request  of  Parties,  ser- 
vant to  Daniel  King. 

John  Magrath  [July  22nd  1772  &  March  15th  1773]  ser- 
vant assig'n  by  Catherine  Curfiss  Executrix  to  the  Estate  of 
Christian  Curtiss  dec'd,  to  John  Hannah. 

Elinor  Fenn  [Nov  28th  1771]  servant  assign'd  by  Jerimiah 
Mahony  to  Charles  Mayse  of  Phila 

February  10. 
Daniel  Troy  [Oct.  26th  1772]  servant  assign'd  by  Anthony 


Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices.  109 

Fortune  to  Gamaliel  Garrison  of  Manatan  Precink  Salem 
County. 

Hichard  Newman  [Dec.  29th  1772]  who  was  under  an  In- 
denture of  servitude  to  Michael  Robinson  apprentice  to 
Stephen  Shewell  of  Phila  Biscuit  Baker. 

February  11. 

Jacob  Harper  with  consent  of  his  Father  Peter  apprentice 
to  Christopher  Binks  of  Phila 

John  Mf  Clare  with  consent  of  his  Father  Robert,  appren- 
tice to  William  Green  of  Phila 


February 

Henry  William  Kemp  last  from  Rotterdam  ,  servant  to  John 
Williamson  of  Burlington. 

James  Maglathery  with  consent  of  his  mother  Elizabeth, 
apprentice  to  William  Robinson  of  Phila  Taylor 

Anna  Mctrg'  Meyer  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to  John 
Souder  of  Phila 

Jacob  Krammer  [Feby  4th  1771]  assigned  by  William 
Trautwine  to  Hugh  Henry  of  Phila. 

John  Slour  a  free  negro,  servant  to  John  Pyle  of  Braridy- 
wine  Hundred. 

February  13. 

Michael  Downs  [9th  Ins*]  assign'd  by  Thomas  Badge  to 
Foster  McConnell  of  Phila 

Mary  Finley  [Jan.  7th  1772]  assign'd  by  John  Adam 
Schwaab  to  George  Benner  of  Middle  Town. 

William  Ecans  with  consent  of  his  Mother  Mary,  appren- 
tice to  John  Watkins  of  Warminster  Township  and  his  wife. 

Patrick  Weiargan  apprentice  assign'd  by  Patrick  Farrel 
to  Philip  Moore  of  Phila  Merch* 

Marion  M'Donald  servant  assigned  by  David  Ireland  to 
Robert  Lumsden  of  Phila 

Gabriel  Gosshaw  [Sep^O111  1771]  servant  assign'd  by  John 
Stienmetz  to  John  Inglis  of  Phila. 


110  Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices. 

February  15. 

Neil  Turner  [Novr  26th  1771]  apprentice  assigned  by 
Jacob  Van  Sciver  to  Leonard  Tweed  of  the  Northern  Lib- 
erties Cordwainer 

Michael  Caldwell  servant  to  Thomas  Bond  Junr  of  Phila 

Hannah  Funks  [Nov.  12th  1772]  apprentice  assign'd  by 
William  Morris  to  Archibald  Mclllroy  of  Phila 

John  Vanwrinckle  with  consent  of  his  Father  Jacob  Van- 
wrinckle, apprentice  to  Thomas  Darrah  of  Phila  Sadler. 

George  Shrunk  with  consent  of  his  Father  Bernard, 
apprentice  to  Christopher  Zimmerman  of  the  Northern 
Liberties. 

Samuel  Kemble  Junr  with  consent  of  his  Father  apprentice 
to  Tench  Francis  and  Tench  Tilghman  of  Phila  merchants. 

February  16. 

Philip  Cooke  [March  30th  1772]  under  Indenture  to  Peter 
Mahrliz  now  cancelled,  servant  to  Daniel  Barnes  of  Phila 

February  17. 

Eleanor  Campbell  assigned  by  Daniel  Meredith  to  her 
Father  Arthur. 

Jane  Peacock  [Feby  27th  1771]  apprentice  assign'd  by 
Jacob  Graff  to  William  Bispham  of  Blockley  Township. 

Mary  Patterson  with  the  consent  of  her  mother  appren- 
tice to  Jn°  Burley  of  Upper  Makfield  Township. 

Jacob  Binder  with  consent  of  his  Father  Philip  apprentice 
to  George  Heyl  of  Phila. 

Marion  McDonald  who  was  under  an  Indenture  of  Servi- 
tude now  cancelled,  servant  to  James  Riddle  of  Southwark. 

February  18. 

Rebecca  Fitch  with  consent  of  her  mother  Elizabeth 
Friar,  apprentice  to  Edward  Bonsall  of  Phila  House  Car- 
penter. 

Barnet  Lawerswyler  jun"  with  consent  of  his  Father  ap- 
prentice to  Jacob  Shreiver  of  Phila  Leather  Dresser. 


Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices.  Ill 

Charles  O'Connor  [January  7th  1773]  assigned  by  Thomas 
Moore  to  James  Starr  of  Phila  Cordwainer. 

February  19. 

Joseph  Nagle  [Sep*  30th  1772]  apprentice  assign'd  by 
Henry  Felten  to  this  Father  John  Nagle  of  Phila 

Barbara  Myardie  [Oct.  6th  1772]  assign'd  by  John  Law- 
rence Esqr  to  John  Ellet  of  Phila 

James  Thomas  with  consent  of  his  Mother  Elinor  Thomas, 
apprentice  to  John  Moyer  of  the  Northern  Liberties  and  his 
wife. 

Mary  Fitzgerald  [March  17  1772]  servant  to  Thomas 
Thomson  to  William  Moore  of  Phila 

John  Carins  servant  assigned  by  William  Moore  to 
Thomas  Thompson  of  South  wark. 


February 

Margaret  MfKay  with  consent  of  her  Father  Robert,  ap- 
prentice to  Jedediah  Snowden  of  Phila 

Michael  Downs  who  was  under  Indenture  of  Servitude 
to  Foster  McConnell  now  cancelled,  servant  to  Finley  M°- 
Donnal  of  Southwark  [Feb7  13th  1773] 


February 

Henry  Gordon  of  full  age,  apprentice  to  William  Hasle- 
wood  of  Phila. 

Jonathan  Freicle  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to  John 
Philips  of  Phila 

Anthony  Simeda,  servant  assigned  by  Casper  Singar  to 
serve  Anthony  Pittan. 

February  23. 

Ludwig  Reineck  [Jan7  11th  1773]  who  with  his  wife  Mary 
Elizabeth,  servants  to  James  Vaux,  and  assign'd  by  him  to 
John  Soltar  of  Phila 

John  Bower  with  consent  of  his  Father  Thomas,  appren- 
tice to  Morris  Trueman  of  Phila 


112  Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices. 


February 

Christian  Kelpert,  servant  assign'd  by  David  Waggoner  to 
Jacob  Kelpert  [Oct.  3rd  1772]  of  Germantown. 

Grave  Keen  a  free  negro  with  consent  of  her  grandmother 
Grace  Roy,  apprentice  to  James  Thompsen  of  Oxford  Town- 
ship. 

James  Wintws  with  the  consent  of  his  Father  Patrick 
Winters,  apprentice  to  Rob*  Wickersham  of  Blockley 

Township. 

February  27. 

John  Clark  [Jany  8th  1773]  assign'd  by  John  Marshall  to 
Michael  Schwartz  of  Plumstead. 

Henry  Zimmerman  [Jan7  22nd  1772]  assign'd  by  George 
Epley  to  Rudolph  Heiber  of  Phila. 

Mary  Bryan  assign'd  by  John  Little  to  Joseph  Richard- 
son [May  4th  1772]  of  Providence  Township 

David  Altimus  with  consent  of  his  Father  Fredk  apprentice 
to  Rudolph  Neff  of  Bedford  Township. 

Michael  Barry  assign'd  by  Cap1  David  McCutcheon  to 
John  Hall  of  Phil* 

Michael  Farel  [Jany  14th  1773]  assign'd  by  James  Starret 
to  John  Smith  of  Radnor  Township. 

March  1. 

John  Robinson  with  consent  of  his  guardian  Jonas  Supplee, 
apprentice  to  Joseph  Moore  of  Phila. 

Philip  Cook  [Feb7  16th  past]  who  was  under  an  Indenture 
of  Servitude  to  Daniel  Barnes  now  cancelled,  servant  to  John 
Buckingham  of  the  Northern  Liberties. 

Alexander  Wilson,  with  consent  of  his  mother  Mary,  ap- 
prentice to  George  Falker  of  Phila  Cordwainer. 

John  Bowland  apprentice  to  John  Parrish  of  Phila  Brick- 
layer. 

John  Hamilton  servant  to  Henry  Hill  Esqr  of  Phila 

March  3. 
Leonard  Lutz  apprentice  to  Henry  Kurtz  of  Phila 


Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices.  113 

Christopher  Stateback  apprentice  to  Alexander  Greenwood 
of  Phila 

James  Hall  servant  to  Levy  Marks  of  Phil*  Taylor. 

John  Geary  servant  to  Francis  Trumbel  of  Southwark. 

Elizabeth  Bedley  with  consent  of  her  Father  Henry,  ser- 
vant to  John  Philips  of  Phil* 

March  4-. 

Margaret  Hall  [bound  by  Robert  Hardie  and  William 
Drewry  overseers  of  the  Poor  before  Thomas  Lawrence  Esqr 
May  2]  assign'd  by  John  Erwen  to  serve  Robert  Thomas  of 
Upper  Hanover  ToAvnship. 

Aim  Hollowell  with  consent  of  her  Mother  Mary  appren- 
tice to  Peter  Suiter  of  Phila 

Adam  Lear  with  consent  of  his  uncle  Martin  Reinhart, 
apprentice  to  John  Cress,  of  Phila  Blacksmith 

March  5. 

John  Frider  a  Portuguese,  apprentice  to  Christian  Fiss  of 
Phila 

Frederica  Eegina  Hubner  [Jany  26th  1773],  servant  to 
Rosina  Henizen  of  the  Northern  Liberties. 

Jacob  Trapple  with  consent  of  his  Mother  Sarah  Ludgate, 
apprentice  to  Jacob  Yansciver  of  the  Northern  Liberties, 
cordwainer.  „ 

March  6. 

Jane  White  [Nov.  30th  1772]  servant  assign'd  by  Jn  Har- 
kins  to  Thomas  Church  of  Limerick  Township. 


Frederic  Castill 
Francis  Doyer 
Telman  Dresser 
Francis  Belastein 


who  were  under  an  Indenture  of  Ser- 
vitude to  William  Hasleton  Jr  now 
cancelled,  to  serve  William  Hasleton 
Senr 


Barbary  Brindle  with  consent  of  her  mother  Abagail,  ap- 
prentice to  Conrad  Weaver  of  Bristol. 

Anna  Margaret  Thomas  [Sept.  20th  1771]  servant  assigned 
by  John  Stillwaggon  to  Adam  Mullador  of  Passyunk. 
VOL.  xxxiv. — 8 


114  Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices. 

William  Wilkinson  with  the  consent  of  his  Mother  Anna, 
apprentice  to  Thomas  Paul  of  Lower  Dublin  Township. 

Isaac  M'Alee  with  consent  of  his  Father  William,  appren- 
tice to  James  Armitage  of  Southwark. 

John  Wagg  with  consent  of  his  Father  John,  apprentice  to 
Michael  Brothers  of  Phila 

March  8. 

William  Smith  [Oct.  22d  1772]  who  was  under  Indenture 
of  Servitude  to  James  Sutton,  now  cancelled,  apprentice  to 
Samuel  Ruhard  of  Phila  cordwainer. 

William  Tancks  with  consent  of  his  Father  William  ap- 
prentice to  Archibald  Mcllroy,  peruke  maker. 

March  9. 

John  Creemer  last  from  Rotterdam  servant  to  John  Souder 
of  Deerfield  Township. 

Maria  Magdelena  Creemer  last  from  Rotterdam  to  John 
Souder  of  Deerfield  Township. 

March  10. 

John  Campbel  servant  to  Philip  Jacobs  of  Racoons  Creek, 
Jersey. 

March  11. 

Elizabeth  Onongst  with  consent  of  her  Mother  Elizabeth, 
apprentice  to  Martin  Weis  of  Phila 

Abel  Jeherd  apprentice  to  Thomas  Stroud  of  Brandewine 
Hundred. 

March  13. 

Robert  Shoemaker  with  consent  of  his  Father  Benjamin, 
apprentice  to  Jonathan  Dilworth  of  Phila  House-Carpenter. 

William  Murray  with  consent  of  his  Father  assign 'd  by 
Bernard  Gratz  apprentice  to  Alexander  Henderson  of  Phila 

Edward  McGlochlin  aged  sixteen  years,  apprentice  to  John 
Cox  Marriner,  of  Phil3. 


Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices.  115 

lerrence  Connoly  servant  to  Christopher  Dietrick  of  Wa- 
terford. 

Nathaniel  Raine  with  consent  of  his  Father  Samuel,  ap- 
prentice to  Jacob  Godshalk  of  Phila  clock-maker. 

March  15. 

Thomas  Cruise  redemptioner  to  Jn°  Dickson  now  can- 
celled, servant  to  Richard  Porter. 

John  Magrath  [Feb  9th  1773]  servant  assign'd  by  John 
Hannah  to  Cornelius  Cooper  of  Phil* 

March  16. 

Margaret  Campbell  with  consent  of  her  mother  Elizabeth, 
apprentice  to  William  Bonham  of  Phila 

Joseph  Nourse  apprentice  to  Amos  Stettele  Esqr  of  Phila 

James  Campbell  with  consent  of  his  mother  Mary  appren- 
tice to  Andrew  Philler  of  Phil*  Cordwainer. 

Henry  Maag  with  consent  of  his  step  father  Daniel  Burk- 
hart,  apprentice  to  Thomas  Search  of  Southwark,  wheel- 
wright. 

Elizabeth  M'Cauly  with  consent  of  her  mother  Rebecca 
Wessell,  apprentice  to  Thomas  Leiper  of  Phil*  Tobacconist. 

Mary  Hymen,  servant  assigned  by  John  Rupp  to  Christian 
Detterer  [Dec.  9th  1772]  of  Rock  Hill. 

March  17. 

Jn°  Fred*  Albright  a  servant  [April  21st  1772]  discharged 
from  his  servitude  by  his  master  John  Zeller. 

Mary  Burman  with  consent  of  her  Father  Edward,  ap- 
prentice to  Rachel  McCullough  of  Phila 

Rachel  Burman  with  consent  of  her  Father  Edward,  ap- 
prentice to  Rachel  M°Cullough  of  Phila 

Maria  Elizabeth  Folck  assigned  by  John  Fritz  to  John 
Summers  of  the  Mannor  of  Moorland.  [Dec.  13th  1772] 

Margaret  Ferguson  [Nov.  4th  1772]  assigned  by  Peter  Jan- 
uary to  James  Pyat  of  Derby. 


116  Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices. 

March  18. 

Neil  M.  Commaghill,  servant  to  John  Marshall  of  Moya- 
mensing  Township. 

March  19. 

Catherine  Everding  last  from  Rotterdam  servant  to  Jacob 
Dietrick  of  Phila 

March  20. 

William  Postlethwaite  Heysham  with  consent  of  his  Father 
William,  apprentice  to  Cop1  John  Souder  of  Phila 

Anna  Maria  Camberine  assigned  hy  Samuel  Noble  to 
Matthew  Keen  of  Oxford  Township. 

March  ##. 

Thomas  Fitzgerald  [May  30th  1772]  who  was  under  an  In- 
denture of  apprenticeship  to  Sebastian  Muffler  now  can- 
celled, apprentice  to  Martin  Noll  of  Phila  Baker,  and  his 
wife  Elizabeth. 

Joanna  Griffin  assigned  by  George  Wilson  to  Archibald 
Gardner  of  Phila  [June  11th  1772] 

Frederick  Freile  [Sep*  19th  1772]  servant  assigned  with  his 
own  consent  by  Ludwig  Karcher  to  William  Murray  of 
Cashasky  in  the  Illinois. 


March 

Samuel  Land  with  consent  of  his  mother  Charity  and  of 
Peter  Turner  his  guardian,  apprentice  to  Gunning  Bedford 
of  Phila  House-carpenter 

William  Bowers  [bound  before  J.  Lawrence  Esqr]  appren- 
tice assign'd  by  John  Moody  to  Daniel  Evans  of  Philadel- 
phia, Blacksmith. 

James  Venall  [Jany  5th  1770]  who  was  under  an  Indenture 
of  Servitude  to  Benjamin  Fuller  now  cancelled,  apprentice 
to  Francis  Trumble  of  Southwark,  Windsor,  chair  maker. 

Anna  Eliza  Habacki  [Dec.  7th  1772]  assigned  by  Mar- 
garet Past  executrix  of  Lawrence  Past,  to  Michael  Steitz  of 
Back  Creek  Hundred. 


Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices.  117 


March 

Luke  Coleman  [June  21st  1773]  assigned  by  John  Heller 
to  Casper  Schnyder  of  Phila  Cooper. 

Joseph  Clark  Jr.  with  consent  of  his  Father,  apprentice  to 
Jonathan  Evans  of  Phila  Cooper. 

John  Souder  with  consent  of  his  Father,  apprentice  to 
Matthias  Gilbert  of  Phila 


March 

John  Hamcher  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to  Sarah 
Davis  of  Stow  Creek 

Mary  Elizabeth  Hamcher  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to 
John  Duffield  of  Phila 

George  Bartholomew  with  consent  of  his  Brother  Benjamin 
Town,  apprentice  to  John  Hood  of  Phila 

Michael  Lepp  [Jan7  19th  1773]  assigned  by  Lawrence  Lepp 
to  Frederick  Frailey  of  Phila 

March  26. 

Nicholas  Gilbert  aged  21  years,  apprentice  to  Caspar  Mu- 
rath  of  Phila  chaise  maker. 

March  27. 

Theobald  Cline  [Dec.  14th  1772]  servant  assign'd  by  George 
Wert  to  William  M'llvain  of  Phila 

John  Bignal  a  poor  boy  bound  by  a  Majority  of  the  Man- 
agers of  the  House  of  Employment  to  Jesse  Williamson  of 
Phila 

Charles  Frederick  Feat  her  man  last  from  Rotterdam,  ser- 
vant to  Valentine  Standley  of  Philaa 

March  29. 

Charles  Riggen  [August  1st  1772]  assigned  by  Robert 
Cooper  to  Alexander  Rutherford  of  Phila 

George  Thompson,  with  consent  of  his  Mother  Margaret 
Lesley,  apprentice  to  Philip  Hayd  of  Phila 


118  Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices. 

Grace  Buxton  with  consent  of  her  Uncle  James  Coffer  ap- 
prentice to  Joseph  Coffer  of  Gloucester 

Godfrey  Affler  assigned  by  George  Kner  to  Jacob  Bider- 
man  of  the  Northern  Liberties. 

Maria  Elizabeth  Reineck  who  with  her  husband  Ludwig, 
servants  to  James  Vaux  and  at  the  expiration  of  their  time 
servants  to  John  Shea  of  Phila 

March  30. 

Anna  Spess  Fisher  last  from  Rotterdam  servant  to  Fred- 
eric Boyer  of  Phila 

Arthur  Thomas  [April  30th  1770— J.  Shoemaker  Esqr]  as- 
signed by  Thomas  Naglee  to  Joseph  Carr  of  Phila 

March  81. 

John  Miller  assigned  by  Joshua  Lampartee  to  John  Bigler 
of  Phil* 

Emanuel  Hyams  servant  to  John  Henry  of  Phila 

April  1. 

James  Cotter  servant  to  Henry  Weaver  of  Strasburg. 
Charles  Gotteil  Hempel  [Oct.  8th  1772]  assigned  by  John 
Ellwood  to  Martin  Weis  of  Phila 

April  2. 

John  Butler  servant  to  Anthony  Fortune  of  Phil8 

William  Davis  servant  to  John  Quick  of  Oxford. 

Richard  Brown  with  consent  of  his  Father  George  appren- 
tice to  Richard  Masen  of  the  Northern  Liberties. 

Robert  Garret  apprentice  to  Benjamin  Griffit  of  South- 
wark. 

Thomas  Quill  [Aug.  1st  1771]  assign'd  by  Robert  Greaver 
to  James  Willson  of  Piquay. 

* 

April  3. 

John  Coltis  [March  19th  1771]  apprentice  assign'd  by 
John  Bament  to  David  Ware  of  Phil* 


Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices.  119 

Charles  Godleib  Hempel  [April  1st  1773]  servant  assigned 
by  Martin  Weis  to  David  Shafer  of  Phila 

John  Sheppard  with  consent  of  his  Father  Josiah  appren- 
tice to  Richard  Inkson  of  Phil3  mariner. 

April  5. 

Jacob  Await  with  consent  of  his  Father  John  apprentice 
to  Frederick  Walter  of  Phila  bricklayer. 

Juliana  Winey  [Dec.  31"  1771]  assigned  by  Catherine 
Carpenter  to  William  Moulder  of  Phila 

James  West  apprentice  to  Thomas  Hough  of  Phila  cooper. 

William  Arnell  Junr  with  consent  of  his  Father  apprentice 
to  John  Piles  of  Phila  House  Carpenter. 

Thomas  Rogers  with  consent  of  his  Father  Joseph  appren- 
tice to  Jacob  Young  of  Phila 

William  Reeburg  with  consent  of  his  mother  Mary  Mossor, 
apprentice  to  Thomas  Eedman  of  Phila  Tin  Plate  worker. 

Henry  Roark  servant  to  Jonathan  Adams  of  Phila 

Hans  George  Schenediffer  )  [Dec.  30th  1772]  servant  as- 
and  Dorothy  his  wife  )  sign'd  by  Samuel  Howell  to 
Gilbert  Rodman  of  Bensalem. 

Adam  Schenediffer  [Dec.  30th  1772]  servant  assigned  by 
Samuel  Howell  to  Gilbert  Rodman  of  Bensalem. 

Anna  Maria  Schenediffer  [Dec.  30th  1772]  servant  assigned 
by  Sam1  Howell  to  Gilbert  Rodman  of  Bensalem. 

April  6. 

John  Albert  Junr  [Mar.  12th  1771]  apprentice  assigned  by 
Christian  High  to  John  Rudle  of  Phila  Taylor. 

April  7. 

Griffith  Owen  with  consent  of  his  mother  Elizabeth  Owen, 
apprentice  to  Jacob  Godshalk  of  Phila  clock-maker. 

Margaret  Sadleigh  [Feb7  22nd  1772]  assigned  with  her  own 
consent  by  Thomas  Masturman  to  William  Lawrence  of 
Deptford. 


120  Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices. 

April  8. 

Elizabeth   Warner  with  consent  of  her  mother  Hannah, 
apprentice  to  Joseph  Jenkins  of  Phila  House  Carpenter. 

April  10. 

Henry  Liz  apprentice  to  Adam  Stone  of  Phila  Butcher. 
Elizabeth  Jones  with  consent  of  her  Father  Thomas,  ap- 
prentice to  John  Joseph  and  Hannah  his  wife  of  Phila 


April  12. 

Johann  Frederick  Fetterman  last  from  Rotterdam  servant 
to  Martin  Kreider  of  Plnla 

John  McK<uj  [Oct.  27th  1772]  assigned  by  Charles  Mears 
to  his  Father  Hector  McKay  of  East  Nottingham,  Chester 
County. 

Dan  Bristol  with  consent  of  his  Father  Hezekiah  appren- 
tice to  Robert  Warrill  of  Phila  cordwainer 

Godlip  Ftgely  servant  assign'd  by  Henry  Funk  to  Abraham 
Kinsey  of  Phil* 

April  13. 

Joseph  M<mney  servant  to  Jacob  Tryne  of  Passyunk. 

John  Frierabend  [Jan7  21st  1773]  assign'd  by  Ludwig  Kukn 
to  Reverend  Frederick  Muhlenberg  of  Heidelberg  Town- 
ship. 

Henry  Sharick  [Nov  22nd  1771]  who  was  under  an  Indent- 
ure of  Servitude  to  William  Jenkins  no\v  cancelled,  servant 
to  George  Seasholtz  of  Goshahoppen  Phila 

Alice  Bryan  assign'd  by  Peter  Rowland  to  John  Murray 
of  Providence  Township,  Phila 

Samuel  Moss  with  consent  of  his  Father  Isaac  apprentice 
to  Charles  Stow  of  Phila  Tayler. 

Amarias  G>xe  [Novemr  23rd  1771]  assign'd  by  William 
Wi  llm  ore  to  Henry  Cary  of  Phil* 

William  May  servant  to  John  Reynolds  of  Phil* 


Record  of  Servants  and  Apprentices.  121 

April  14. 

John  Milner  JtW  [Octr  10th  1770]  who  was  under  an  In- 
denture to  Thomas  Low,  cancelled  by  the   Majors  Court 
with  consent  of  his  Father,  apprentice  to  Samuel  Barrow  of 
Phila  watchmaker. 

John  Rowan  [Octr  25th  1771]  assign'd  by  Presley  Black- 
iston  to  Jacob  Peters  of  Phila  cordwainer. 

Anna  Cath.  T/ullen  [Decr  24th  1772]  assigned  by  Charles 
Pryer  to  Michael  Croll  of  Upper  Salford. 

Margaret  Bacon  servant  to  Lawrence  Fagan  of  the  North- 
ern Liberties. 

William  Muse/rove  with  consent  of  his  Father  Matthew,  ap- 
prentice to  Wm  Williams  of  the  Northern  Liberties. 

Leonard  Hartranfft  [December  28th  1772]  assigned  by 
Henry  Hyman  to  Godfrey  Haga  of  Phila. 

Dennis  Kough  assign'd  by  Cap*  Noel  Todd  to  Bryan 
O'Harra  of  Phil3. 

Frederick  Fox  with  consent  of  his  step  mother  Eliza  Fox, 
apprentice  to  Conrad  Alster  of  Phila  Cordwainer. 

Edward  Harper  assign'd  by  Cap*  Noel  Todd  to  Christo- 
pher Collis  of  Phil'. 

Archibald  McSparran  with  consent  of  his  Uncle  Archibald, 
apprentice  to  George  Hyle  of  Phil3  Leather  Breeches  maker 
and  skinner. 

John  Edwards  assign'd  by  Cap*  Edward  Spain  to  Henry 
Neal  of  Phila 

James  Dame  assign'd  by  Cap*  Edward  Spain  to  Henry 

Neal  of  Phila 

(To  be  continued.) 


122  Notes  and  Queries. 


NOTES  AND   QUERIES. 

IRotes. 
LETTER  FROM  JAMES  LOGAN  TO  JOHN  PENN. — 

PHILAD*  17th  Nov.  1729. 
HONOURED  FRIEND, 

Tho'  I  have  wrote  largely  to  thee  jointly  with  thy  Brothers  by  J.  Steel 
in  a  letter  fit  for  him  to  see  I  must  give  thyself  another  on  some  par- 
ticulars in  which  I  cannot  be  so  communicative ;  &  my  hints  shall  be 
very  short  (for  I  really  have  not  time  to  be  otherwise)  yet  they  may 
deserve  thy  notice  &  remembrance. 

James  as  I  have  said  in  that  letter  has  really  a  sincere  hearty  zeal  for 
your  interest  &  a  good  natural  understanding,  yet  his  Education  did  not 
allow  it  to  be  so  enlarged  as  it  might  have  been  by  greater  advantages— 
&  therefore  he  may  sometimes  be  short  in  Judgment — When  he  first 
came  into  my  business  he  could  not  well  bear  advancement  &  was  like 
to  forget  himself,  but  time  &  trouble  (for  he  has  been  divers  ways  un- 
fortunate) have  brought  him  to  a  better  sense  which  'tis  hoped  he  may 
keep  up  to — Where  he  is  a  friend  he  is  too  much  so,  &  the  same  some- 
times the  contrary  way — few  men  in  his  eyes  having  both  good  &  ill 
qualities,  'tho'  'tis  the  case  of  all  mankind:  only  I  think  he  will  do  me 
the  justice  to  allow  I  can  be  a  cross  fellow.  Howevr  as  he  can  &  is  dis- 
posed to  serve  you  to  his  utmost  he  therefore  ought  accordingly  to  be 
regarded.  He  knows  yor  Business  &  you  cannot  at  present  do  without  him. 

I  must  next  mention  your  Gov*  which  some  believe  will  be  considered 
this  next  session  of  Parli*.  If  surrendered  or  taken,  you  should  secure 
your  Property  while  you  hold  it,  for  'tis  a  thing  of  value  &  all  enduring 
Govrs  should  be  laid  under  some,  direction  to  support  it  from  unjust 
Encroachm18  otherwise  you  may  suffer — If  there  be  an  Act  of  Parliam* 
for  a  Resumption  that  will  undoubtedly  vacate  or  repeal  all  Laws  & 
Charters  for  Frames  &  Models  of  Governm1  which  the  Ministry  will 
think  necessary  tis  feared  in  our  case:  because  our  Annual  Elections  of 
Assemblies,  Sherifs  &c  without  any  writt  established  by  a  Law  con- 
firmed by  the  late  Queen;  &  indeed  without  such  a  Repeal  the  Crown 
would  scarce  hold  any  Governm*  here — But  if  that  should  happen  'tis  a 
pity  that  Corporation  Charters  as  for  Philada  &  Chester,  should  be  in- 
cluded, for  that  to  this  City  is  really  of  very  great  service  to  the  Publick, 
&  under  the  Crown  would  prove  much  more  necessary. 

Next,  as  to  Paper  Money  agst  which  neither  J.  Steel  nor  I  dare  say  one 
word  &  I  confess  I  have  never  been  agst  it  so  long  as  it's  value  is  kept  up 
by  not  exceeding  in  quantity — But  I  fear  the  popular  Frenzy  that  now 
reigns  will  never  stop  till  we  are  in  as  bad  Credit  as  they  are  in  New 
England  where  an  oz  of  silver  is  worth  20  of  their  Shillings,  &  then  an 
English  Shg  of  your  Quitrents  will  be  about  threepence — They  already 
talk  of  making  more  &  no  man  dares  appear  to  stem  the  fury  of  the 
popular  rage.  The  notion  is  that  while  any  man  will  borrow  on  a 
good  Security  of  land  more  money  should  be  made  for  them  without 


Notes  and  Queries.  123 

thinking  of  what  value  it  will  be  when  made.  They  affirm  that  whilst 
the  security  is  good  the  money  cannot  fall  &  if  the  Exchange  rises  to 

200  'tis  only  the  Sterlg  money  that  rises  for  ours  is  still  the  same I 

hope  therefore  some  more  effectual  method  will  be  taken  than  a  Letter 
only  from  Secry  Popple — The  Kings  own  hand  should  forbid  the  Govr 
under  the  Penalty  of  his  displeasure  &  the  forfeiture  of  the  Appoint- 
ment— But  I  hope  you  will  not  let  even  the  last  Act  be  abrogated  for 
the  money  being  now  out  it  would  occasion  the  utmost  distraction:  & 
on  this  head  perhaps  I  may  once  touch  again,  tho'  I  shall  now  very 
speedily  decline  all  Publick  Business  forever — But  on  the  necessity  of 
putting  a  stop  to  it  I  cannot  say  more,  &  I  now  give  thee  these  hints  as 
of  the  highest  importance  to  your  Affairs. 

I  would  also  caution  you  agst  private  Applications — I  am  told  some 
of  you  [I  think  Thomas  &  Richard]  upon  such  an  one  have  promised 
Cl:  Pluinstead  a  piece  of  land  joining  on  A  Hamilton's  wch  I  formerly 
took  great  pains  to  save  for  you,  &  Andw  is  much  disturbed  at  it  for  had 
he  known  how  he  would  have  got  it  himself — With  what  is  your  own 
however  you  must  do  as  you  please — Pray  consider  &  know  what  you 
grant — perhaps  others  may  be  craving — You  give  you  know  not  what — 
It  may  be  time  enough  to  do  it  here  on  the  Spot. 

If  thou  should  name  any  Commissrs  there  (which  I  heartily  wish  you 
may  not,  for  thou  shouldst  get  full  powers  from  thy  Brothers  &  without 
delay  come  thyself)  I  can  think  of  none  so  fit  as  Sam1  Preston  one  of 
your  Trustees,  Th:  Griffitts  (I.  Norris'  Son-in-law)  who  was  in  the  last 
Commission  &  either  Petr  Lloyd  or  Ralph  Asheton.  Peter  is  the  better 
man  but  Ralph  is  your  relation  &  his  Father  was  in  the  last.  He 
should  be  kept  in  your  Interest  iu  which  some  think  him  wavering, 
having  business  as  a  Lawyer  from  many  of  our  Mobbish  People — But 
Jas  Steel  will  think  it  strange  &  unkind  if  he  is  not  also  one — If  so  S. 
Preston  &  Th:  Griffitts  shd  be  named  before  him  at  least  &  they  two 
might  have  the  making  of  Returns,  but  if  P.  Lloyd  be  named  then  all 
those  three.  I  shd  prefer  Peter  to  Ralph  on  account  of  merit,  if  other 
considerations  are  not  to  prevail — They  shd  have  2|  if  not  5  pr  O  on  all 
sales  of  Lands — divided  amongst  them  all,  excepting  J.  Steel  who  I 
think  oujiht  to  have  50  pds  per  Ann.  &  5  pr  C*  besides  on  all  Quittrents 
he  receives,  in  wch  hitherto  he  has  been  much  too  negligent,  or  rather 
7£  pr  C1  for  Quittrents  without  the  £50,  but  it  is  a  troublesome  busi- 
ness. The  Collectors  formerly  had  10  pr  C*  but  they  took  much  more 
pains  for  it — I  say  2£  pr  C1  amgst  all  the  Commissrs  J.  S  included — 5  pr  C' 
(as  always)  to  those  that  receive  from  &  settle  accu  wth  J.  Steel  &  make 
returns,  &  the  allowance  to  Ja8  as  before;  all  other  Charges  &  consider- 
ations for  travelling  ought  also  to  be  allowed  the  Commissioners. 

But  all  this  will  be  best  settled  by  thyself  here,  &  on  this  head  I  must 
crave  leave  to  note  what  I  lately  read  in  an  old  Greek  Sage  who  was 
once  accounted  the  greatest  genius  that  nature  ever  produced;  viz1  "that 
the  strength  of  mind  decays  with  Age  equally  with  the  Body,  which  he 
uses  as  an  Argum*  agst  Magistrates  being  continued  for  life"  &  this 
I  feel  by  sensible  experience.  Between  47  &  53  years  of  Age  I  have 
observed  most  peoples  sight  begins  to  fail,  &  I  think  always  the  memory 
with  the  sight  the  constitutions  exceedingly  differ — I  must  therefore 
put  thee  in  mind  that  thou  wilt  now  very  shortly  enter  upon  the  btst  & 
most  vigorous  ten  years  of  life  viz  from  30  to  40  &  I  hope  thou  wilt  not 
lose  them,  than  which  I  need  say  no  more — I  have  now  enlarged  much 


124  Notes  and  Queries. 

beyond  what  I  intended — Be  pleased  to  communicate  this  Letter  to  my 
worthy  Friend  your  good  Uncle  S.  Clement  to  whom  I  would  gladly 
write,  but  cannot,  &  I  hope  he  will  excuse  it. 

Thou  art  sensible  how  this  is  designed  &  I  hope  will  be  accepted 
accordingly. 

I  am  with  sincere  Respect 

thy  Assured  Friend 

JAMES  LOGAN. 


MINUTE  ON  THE  DEATH  OF  HENRY  CHARLES  LEA. 

The  Council  have  heard  with  deep  regret  of  the  death  yesterday  of 
their  former  associate,  Heniy  Charles  Lea.  Born  in  Philadelphia  Sep- 
tember 19,  1825,  the  son  of  Isaac  Lea,  himself  an  eminent  man  of 
letters  and  a  naturalist,  Mr.  Lea  devoted  a  large  part  of  his  life  to  his- 
torical study  and  research,  acquiring  an  international  reputation  through 
his  published  books,  and  winning  honorary  degrees  from  many  institu- 
tions of  learning.  Though  his  work  did  not  lie  within  the  domain  of 
American  history,  he  took  a  very  generous  interest  in  this  Society.  He 
became  a  member  of  it  February  22,  1869,  and  in  1892  was  elected  a 
Vice-President.  This  office  he  held  until  1906  when,  declining  a  re- 
election, he  was  chosen  an  Honorary  Vice-President.  The  Council 
keenly  feel  his  loss. 


JBoofe  IRotices. 

SCHWENKFELDER    HYMNOLOGY    AND    THE    SOURCES    OF    THE     FlRST 
SCHWENKFELDER  HYMN-BOOK  PRINTED  IN  AMERICA.       By  Allen 

Anders  Seipt,  A.M.,  Ph.D.     Philadelphia,    1909.     8vo,  pp.    112. 
Illustrated. 

The  field  of  Schwenkfelderhymnology,  especially  American,  has  been 
allowed  to  remain  un worked,  until  Dr.  Seipt,  in  his  work  under  notice, 
gives  us  the  knowledge  of  the  activity  of  this  sect,  which  covers  a  period 
of  three  hundred  years.  A  valuable  descriptive  bibliographical  list  in- 
cludes only  collections  of  hymns  in  manuscript  ami  printed,  the  authors 
or  compilers  in  every  instance  being  a  Schwenkfelder.  The  first  hymn- 
book  printed  in  America,  Neu-eingerichtetes  Gesangbuch,  came  from 
the  press  of  Christopher  Saur,  of  Germantown,  in  1762,  and  singularly 
enough  the  compilation  was  confined  to  four  families,  Casper  Weiss  and 
his  son  Rev.  George  Weiss,  the  first  minister  in  America;  Rev.  Baltha- 
ser  Hoffmann  and  his  son,  Rev.  Christopher  Hoffmann  ;  Hans  Christoph 
Huebner;  and  the  Rev.  Christopher  Schultz — with  the  exception  of 
Casper  Weiss  all  emigrants  to  America.  Chapters  are  devoted  to  the 
Schwenkfelder  hymn-writers  of  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries, 
hymns  used  by  the  Schwenkfelders  before  1762,  Casper  Weiss,  the  orig- 
inator of  the  Schwenkfelder  hymn-book,  George  Weiss,  Balthaser  Hoff- 
mann, Christopher  Hoffmann,  Hans  Christoph  Huebner,  and  Christo- 
pher Schultz  and  the  printed  hymn-book  of  1762.  The  compilation  of 
the  work  exhibits  most  creditable  industry;  it  is  ample,  able,  and  com- 
prehensive, and  a  welcome  contribution  to  the  history  of  the  followers 


Notes  and  Queries.  125 

of  Caspar  Schwenkfeld  who  came  to  Pennsylvania.  The  illustrations  in- 
clude reproductions  of  the  title-pages  of  manuscript  compilations  which 
served  as  sources  for  the  first  hymn-book  of  the  sect  printed  in  America. 

LES  ETATS-UNIS  ET  LE  DROIT  DBS  GENS.  By  Ernest  Nys.  Brussels 
and  Paris,  1 909. 

The  distinguished  Belgian  jurist,  Ernest  Nys,  the  author  of  this  work, 
a  justice  of  the  Court  of  Appeal  of  Brussels  and  a  Belgian  member  of 
The  Hague  International  Court,  has  devoted  more  than  thirty  ye;irs  to 
the  study  of  the  Law  of  Nations.  His  numerous  contributions  to  that 
science  have  won  for  him  an  international  reputation.  Thus  the  uni- 
versities of  Edinburgli  and  Glasgow  have  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Laws  (honoris  causa),  and  the  Belgian  Royal  Academy 
crowned  one  of  his  works  with  the  prize  Emil  de  Laveleye. 

In  the  present  book,  he  shows  in  a  lucid  and  clear  style  the  important 
influence  exercised  by  the  United  States  upon  the  growth  and  develop- 
ment of  the  Law  of  Nations.  Thus  he  points  out  how  this  country  from 
the  beginning  of  the  Revolutionary  War  has  at  all  times  strongly  pressed 
for  humane  measures  mitigating  the  severity  of  war ;  as,  for  example,  the 
"Instructions,"  prepared  in  1763  by  Francis  Lieber,  the  notable  efforts 
of  the  American  delegations  at  both  the  First  and  Second  Hague  Peace 
Conferences  toward  the  same  humane  end,  and  the  Naval  War  Code  pre- 
pared by  Captain  C.  H.  Stockton  in  1900.  Mr.  Justice  Nys  has  lead 
much,  and  his  statements  and  conclusions  are  based  upon  a  wealth  of 
authorities.  Of  especial  interest  to  Philadelphians  is  his  reference  to  the 
American  Philosophical  Society  and  its  early  connection  with  the  Law  of 
Nations.  It  is  much  to  be  hoped  that  the  learned  author  of  this  treatise 
will  pursue  the  subject  further. 

READINGS  IN  AMERICAN  GOVERNMENT  AND  POLITICS.  By  Charles  A. 
Beard,  Ph.D.  The  Macmillan  Company,  New  York,  1909.  8vo, 
pp.  624.  Price,  $1.90  net. 

While  this  collection  of  illustrative  material  is  drawn  from  a  large 
variety  of  sources,  Prof.  Beard  has  chosen  wherever  possible  from  the 
writings  of  men  who  have  had  a  practical  experience  in  the  conduct  of 
government.  He  has  also  sought  to  illustrate  the  larger  and  more  per- 
manent features  of  our  political  system,  rather  than  to  furnish  a  handy 
guide  to  law  and  practice.  To  facilitate  the  work  of  the  student  and 
teacher,  each  extract  has  been  made  clear,  compact,  and  self-explana- 
tory. The  side-notes  are  intended,  primarily,  to  help  the  teacher  in  con- 
ducting class  discussions.  Under  Part  I,  "Historical  Foundations," 
the  subjects  treated  are,  Colonial  Origin  of  American  Institutions  ;  Inde- 
pendence, Union  and  Self-government;  the  Establishment  of  the  Federal 
Constitution;  the  Development  of  the  Federal  and  State  Constitutions;  the 
Evolution  of  Political  Issues;  the  Development  of  Party  Machinery. 
Under  Part  II,  "The  Federal  Government,"  there  are  chapters  on  the 
General  Principles  of  the  Federal  System  of  Government;  the  Nomina- 
tion and  Election  of  the  President;  the  Powers  of  the  President;  the 
National  Administration  ;  the  Congress,  Powers  of  Congress,  and  Con- 
gress at  work  ;  the  Federal  Judiciary  ;  Foreign  Affairs  ;  National  Defense; 
Taxation  and  Finance  ;  Regulation  of  Commerce  ;  National  Rresources  ; 
Government  of  Territories  :  and  under  Part  III,  "State  Government," 


126  Notes  and  Queries. 

the  Constitutional  Basis,  Popular  Control  in  State  Government ;  the 
State  Executive  ;  Legislature  ;  the  Judicial  System  ;  Organization  of 
Municipal  Government;  Municipal  Functions;  Local  Government; 
Politics  and  Government ;  Taxation  and  Finance,  and  Social  and 
Economic  Legislation.  The  book  is  impartial  and  accurate,  and  con- 
tains a  wealth  of  information  and  historical  record. 

THE  ROMAN  ASSEMBLIES  FROM  THEIR  ORIGIN  TO  THE  END  or  THE 
REPUBLIC.  By  George  Willis  Botsford.  The  Macmillan  Company, 
New  York,  1909.  8vo,  pp.  521.  Price,  $4.00  net. 

Professor  Botsford' s  volume  offers  in  monographic  form  a  detailed 
treatment  of  the  Roman  Assemblies  from  their  origin  to  the  end  of  the 
Republic.  Some  of  the  material  in  it  may  be  found  in  earlier  works,  but 
recent  progress  in  the  field,  involving  a  reaction  against  certain  theories 
of  Niebhur  and  Mommsen  affecting  the  comitia,  justifies  a  systematic 
presentation  of  existing  knowledge  of  the  subject.  This  task  has  re- 
quired years  of  exhaustive  work;  all  available  sources  have  been  utilized. 
The  reader  is  requested  not  to  reject  an  interpretation  because,  it  seems 
new,  but  to  examine  carefully  the  grounds  on  which  it  is  given.  In 
general  the  aim  has  been  to  follow  a  conservative  historical  method  as 
opposed  to  the  radical  juristic,  to  build  up  generalizations  on  facts  rather 
than  to  estimate  sources  by  the  criterion  of  a  preconceived  theory. 
The  primary  object  of  the  volume,  however,  is  not  to  defend  a  point 
of  view,  but  to  serve  as  a  book  of  study  and  reference  for  those  who 
are  interested  in  the  history,  law,  and  constitution  of  ancient  Rome,  and 
in  comparative  institutional  research.  The  work  is  accompanied  by  a 
classified  bibliography  and  abundant  foot-note  references,  and  an  excel- 
lent index  gives  access  to  the  student  to  every  item  of  information 
contained  in  this  scholarly  historical  study. 

A  SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  RECORDS  OF  THE  STATE  SOCIETY  OF  THE  CINCIN- 
NATI OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  INCLUDING  A  LIST  OF  ITS  ORIGINAL 
MEMBERS  AND  THEIR  SUCCESSORS  BROUGHT  DOWN  TO  JULY  4, 
1909.  Published  by  order  of  the  Society.  Philadelphia,  1909. 
Folio,  pp.  144.  Illustrated. 

The  design  of  the  Committee  of  this  valuable  work  has  been  to  present 
in  a  concise  form  the  material  connected  with  the  beginning  and  growth 
of  the  Society,  selected  from  their  archives.  Their  treatment  has  been 
historical  throughout  and  contains  a  wealth  of  information.  Facsimiles 
of  the  autographs  of  the  original  members  accompany  the  printed  list. 
The  illustrations  reach  a  high  standard  of  pictorial  merit. 

OUTLINES  OF  GENERAL  HISTORY.  By  V.  A.  Renouf,  B.A.  Edited  by 
William  Starr  Myers,  Ph.D.,  1909.  8vo,  pp.  501,  with  Maps  and 
Illustrations.  The  Macmillan  Co.,  New  York.  Price,  $1.30  net. 

The  second  edition  of  Prof.  Renouf  s  "Outlines  of  General  History 
has  been  revised  and  edited  by  Prof.  Starr  of  Princeton.  As  a  compact 
repository  of  history,  the  book  is  adapted  to  the  use  of  students,  and  the 
general  reader  who  desires  to  acquire  information  will  find  it  to  fill  every 
requirement.  At  the  end  of  each  chapter  references  for  additional 
reading  have  been  prepared.  The  work  is  liberally  illustrated  with 
maps  and  engravings,  and  the  type  is  large  and  clear. 


Notes  and  Queries.  127 

HISTORY  OF  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK  IN  THE  SEVENTEENTH 
CENTURY.  By  Mrs.  Schuyler  Van  Rensselaer.  The  Macmillan 
Co.,  New  York,  1909.  Vol.  I,  xxviii  +  533,  Vol.  II,  xii  +  640. 
Illustrated.  Price,  $5.00  net. 

This  work  deals  with  the  early  history  of  the  city  which  has  become 
the  metropolis  of  this  country.  The  first  volume  covers  the  period  of 
Dutch  dominion — from  Hudson's  discovery  and  Governor  Minuit's 
administration  to  the  fall  of  New  Netherlands  in  1664;  the  second  vol- 
ume is  devoted  to  the  epoch  under  the  Stuarts,  to  the  death  of  Governor 
Leister  in  1691.  A  great  deal  of  interesting  history  is  related,  but  to 
attempt  the  enumeration  of  even  a  small  part  would  be  as  difficult  as 
to  make  a  comprehensive  choice,  and  keep  within  the  limits  of  our 
notice.  The  materials  upon  which  the  work  is  constructed  are  generally 
sound,  but  some  misconceptions  occur.  The  sources  of  New  Netherland 
history  offer  peculiar  difficulties,  but  the  untiring  industry  of  the  author, 
the  able  manner  in  which  she  has  digested  the  voluminous  materials 
gathered  over  a  wide  field,  and  marshalled  the  facts  in  logical  and 
chronological  sequence,  evince  a  familiarity  with  the  sources.  The  notes 
following  each  chapter  give  the  chief  documentary  sources  of  information 
for  the  period  it  covers,  and  a  critical  and  exhaustive  bibliography  is  a 
valuable  aid  to  the  reader.  The  style  of  writing  is  smooth  and  agreeable. 
We  understand  that  a  continuation  of  the  history  is  in  preparation. 

GENEALOGY  OF  THE  DESCENDANTS  OF  THOMAS  FRENCH  WHO  CAME 
TO  AMERICA  FROM  NETHER  HEYFORD,  NORTHAMPTONSHIRE, 
ENGLAND,  AND  SETTLED  IN  BERLINTON  (BURLINGTON)  IN  THE 
PROVINCE  AND  COUNTRY  OF  WEST  NEW  JERSEY,  OF  WHICH  HE 
WAS  ONE  OF  THE  ORIGINAL  PROPRIETORS,  TOGETHER  WITH 
WILLIAM  PENN,  EDWARD  BYLLYNGE,  THOMAS  OLLIVE  GAUEN 
LAURIE,  AND  OTHERS  By  Howard  Barclay  French.  Philadel- 
phia, 1909.  Vol.  I.  4to,  pp.  501.  Privately  printed. 

We  have  received  the  first  volume  of  this  tumptuous  genealogical 
work.  The  compiler  having  such  an  object  in  view  and  that  tireless 
spirit  of  labor  which  enabled  him  to  make  almost  endless  researches, 
the  result  could  not  be  other  than  what  it  is.  In  addition  to  the  family 
records,  it  contains  "  some  account  of  Colonial  manners  and  doings; 
getting  up  of  Friends'  meetings;  copies  of  old  minutes;  and  other  par- 
ticular writings  of  public  interest;  curious  and  rare  papers  in  facsimile, 
and  noteworthy  happenings."  The  text  is  attractively  illustrated,  and 
the  exhaustive  index  will  be  helpful  to  all  readers.  When  the  second 
volume  of  the  work  is  published  a  general  review  will  be  given. 

A  GENEALOGY  OF  THE  DUKE-SHEPHERD-VAN  METRE  FAMILY  FROM 
CIVIL,  MILITARY,  CHURCH  AND  FAMILY  RECORDS  AND  DOCU- 
MENTS. By  Samuel  Gordon  Smyth.  Lancaster,  1909.  8vo,  pp.  445. 
Illustrated. 

This  work  is  both  a  genealogy  and  a  history  of  the  related  families  of 
John  Van  Metre,  of  Holland  ancestry,  first  settled  in  New  York,  and 
Thomas  Shepherd  and  John  Duke,  whose  forebears  came  from  Dunshire, 
England — settlers  between  1730  and  1750  of  the  Northern  Neck  in  the 
Valley  of  Virginia,  conspicuous  figures  in  the  development  of  Frederick 


128  Notes  and  Queries. 

and  Berkeley  counties.  It  is  the  fruit  of  years  of  patient  investigation 
and  study,  with  a  determination  to  preserve  in  some  tangible  form  the 
results  attained.  Mr.  Smyth  has  made  extensive  and  painstaking  re- 
searches in  state  and  county  records,  military  rosters,  church  registers 
and  private  papers,  nor  has  he  neglected  to  consult  and  collate  all  rep- 
utable authorities,  and  it  is  readily  observable  with  what  thoroughness 
he  has  compiled  his  family  history.  The  illustrations,  which  comprise 
facsimilies  of  records,  illumi  ated  coats  of  arms,  and  portraits,  are  nu- 
merous, and  in  typography  and  binding  the  book  is  attractive. 

ABRAHAM  LINCOLN.  AN  AMERICAN  MIGRATION.  FAMILY,  ENG- 
LISH NOT  GERMAN.  By  Marion  Dexter  Learned.  Philadelphia, 
W.  J.  Campbell,  1909.  8vo,  pp.  xii+149.  Illustrated. 

A  book  with  this  title  has  recently  appeared,  written  to  show,  what 
has  never  been  seriously  questioned,  that  the  family  of  Abraham  Lincoln 
was  of  English  and  not  of  German  origin,  a  thesis  consequently  very 
easy  to  maintain,  and  which  we  should  not  notice,  but  for  a  statement 
made  by  the  author  on  page  8.  He  quotes  from  Charles  Henry  Hart's 
biographical  study  of  Lincoln,  which  was  the  introduction  to  his  Biblio- 
graphia  Lincolniana,  published  two  score  years  ago:  "  Where  the  Lin- 
colus  of  Berks  county  [Pa.]  came  from,  no  record  has  as  yet  divulged, 
but  they  are  believed  to  have  been  Quakers  and  to  have  escaped  from 
the  intolerance  of  Massachusetts  to  the  friendly  soil  of  Pennsylvania." 
This  statement  by  Hart,  Profr.  Learned  proceeds  to  designate  a  "con- 
fession of  ignorance  on  the  part  of  the  biographer."  Apparently  for- 
getful of  what  he  has  written,  he  says  on  page  9:  "It  cannot  be  reason- 
ably questioned  that  Mordecai  Lincoln  and  Abraham,  his  brother,  of 
Monmouth  county,  New  Jersey,  were  the  two  sons  of  whom  Mordecai 
Lincoln,  of  Hull,  Massachusetts,  mentioned  in  his  will,  in  1727,''  and 
on  page  21:  "  Both  Mordecai  Lincoln  and  his  brother  Abraham  Lincoln, 
migrated  from  New  Jersey  to  Pennsylvania."  In  view  of  these  state- 
ments of  Prof.  Learned,  on  pages  9  and  21,  that  the  Lincolns  of 
Pennsylvania  came  from  Massachusetts,  even  though  by  way  of  New 
Jersey,  in  what  does  Hart  show  his  ignorance  in  saying  the  very  same 
thing  forty  years  earlier.  Hart  was  not  compiling  acontribution  to 
genealogy  as  Prof.  Learned  was,  and  Hart  did  not  say  that  the 
Lincolns  of  Massachusetts  got  into  Pennsylvania  by  sea  without 
touching  the  sacred  soil  of  New  Jersey  and  other  intervening  states, 
by  whatever  route  they  came.  Their  itinerary  was  not  necessary 
for  Hart's  purpose,  and  if  it  were  it  doubtless  was  no  more  accessible 
to  Hart  forty  years  ago  than  it  has  been  to  Prof.  Learned  to-day, 
who  says  on  page  9:  "It  cannot  be  reasonably  questioned'  that  the 
Lincolns  of  New  Jersey  came  from  Massachusetts,  so  that  what  Hart 
wrote  "no  record  has  divulged "  stands  true  to-day.  It  seems  to  us 
therefore  that  instead  of  Hart  showing  "ignorance,"  Prof.  Learned 
proves  that  Hart's  deductions  remain  absolutely  correct  forty  years  after 
they  were  made,  and  are  the  keynote  to  what  Prof.  Learned's  book  is 
published  to  prove. 


THE 

PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE 

OF 

HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 

VOL.  XXXIV.  1910.  No.  2 


THE  STRUGGLE  AND  KISE  OF  POPULAR  POWER  IN 
PENNSYLVANIA'S  FIRST  TWO   DECADES 

(1682-1701). 

BY   H.    FRANK   ESHLEMAN,   ESQ.,    LANCASTER,  PA. 

[Read  Before  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  Nov.  9,  1909.] 

IN  a  letter  written  about  eight  months  before  his  death, 
Thomas  Jefferson  called  William  Penn,  "  the  greatest  law- 
giver the  world  has  produced ;  the  first,  in  either  ancient  or 
modern  times,  who  has  laid  the  foundations  of  Government 
in  the  pure  and  unadulterated  principles  of  peace,  of  reason, 
and  of  right"  (Haz.  Reg.,  xvi,  p.  48).  This  cannot  be  ac- 
cepted as  strictly  true  in  every  respect.  There  is  the  note 
of  complimentary  exaggeration  in  it.  But  so  high  an 
encomium,  from  such  an  eminent  authority,  should  chal- 
lenge thoughtful  attention.  Penn's  capacity  for  the  govern- 
ment of  a  large  people  was  never  tested.  His  frames  of 
Government  were  sufficient  for  provinces ;  but  unsuited  to 
communities  made  up  of  millions.  They  also  had  serious 
internal  defects.  The  appointive  power  was  disproportion- 
ately large  and  poorly  counter-checked ;  the  representative 
feature  was  sparingly  bestowed  and  somewhat  uncertainly 
granted ;  the  people  were  much  curbed  and  restricted  polit- 
ically, and  their  Government  frequently  galled  them. 
VOL.  xxxiv. — 9  (129) 


130  Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power. 

Step  by  step  the  people  attained  unto  their  rightful  estate, 
but  they  succeeded  in  doing  this  only  after  they  won  four 
successive  charters  from  their  proprietor,  each  (except  one 
retrograde  instance)  more  liberal  than  the  preceding  one. 
It  took  nearly  twenty  years,  but  in  that  time  they  lifted 
themselves  from  a  Government  by  the  proprietor,  for  the  peo- 
ple, to  a  proprietary  Government  of  the  people,  by  the  people, 
for  the  people.  The  last  of  these  charters  or  frames  of  Gov- 
ernment they  secured  to  themselves  in  1701,  and  under  it 
they  lived  until,  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  all  our  Colo- 
nial Governments  were  ended,  and  the  United  States 
conceived. 

Under  his  charter  of  March  4,  1681,  from  King  Charles 
II.,  the  part  which  Perm  was  obliged  to  allow  the  people  to 
take  in  the  Government  was  very  small.  The  people  were 
limited  to  the  approval  or  disapproval  of  such  laws  as  Penn 
and  his  advisers  proposed ;  but  they  could  not  propose  nor 
originate  any  laws  themselves.  And  even  this  right  could 
have  been  restricted  by  Penn  to  a  few  prominent  people. 
The  King's  charter  gave  him  and  his  heirs  the  right  to 
assemble  such  sort  of  freemen  and  in  such  form  and  at  such 
times  as  seemed  to  him  best  (Sec.  4).  He  could  have  assem- 
bled the  people  only  at  long  intervals,  or  at  an  inconvenient 
place,  or  allowed  only  a  few  delegates  to  represent  them,  or 
allowed  no  representatives  at  all,  but  required  the  people  to 
meet  en  masse.  He  could  have  limited  suffrage, — the  peo- 
ple's right  to  act, — their  right  to  approve  or  reject  laws—- 
to a  few  influential  men.  Under  certain  conditions  he 
could  have  ignored  the  people,  dispensed  with  an  Assembly, 
and  by  himself  and  his  magistrates  made  ordinances  instead 
of  laws  (Sec.  6). 

Penn  and  his  heirs  had  full  power,  in  person  or  by  dep- 
uty, to  appoint  and  establish  all  judges,  justices,  magistrates, 
and  all  other  officers  whatsoever,  for  what  cause  soever,  and 
with  what  power  soever  should  seem  convenient;  had 
plenary  power  to  remit,  release,  pardon,  and  abolish  crimes ; 
power  to  do  everything  needful  to  a  complete  establishment 


Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power.  131 

of  justices  and  courts,  the  tribunals,  forms  and  manner  of 
proceeding  (Sec.  5) ;  had  the  right  to  divide  the  provinces 
into  counties,  towns,  etc.,  and  select  all  the  officers  to  rule 
therein  (Sec.  10) ;  the  right  to  erect  ports  and  regulate  trade 
under  British  law  (Sec.  12),  and  to  take  and  enjoy  the  cus- 
toms, subsidies  and  tariff  duties,  collected  from  importers 
and  exporters  (Sec.  13) ;  the  right  to  levy,  muster  and  train 
any  of  the  inhabitants  and  make  war  in  or  out  of  the  prov- 
ince (Sec.  16). 

By  the  King's  charter  Penn  and  his  heirs  and  assigns 
were  granted  also  the  full  and  undisturbed  use,  command, 
and  control  of  all  the  bays  and  harbors ;  the  ownership  of 
all  the  fish,  and  the  whales,  all  the  herbage,  woods  and  ani- 
mals of  the  province  (Sec.  2) ;  and  title  to  all  the  lands, 
waters,  and  (except  the  King's  one-fifth)  all  the  minerals 
(Sees.  1  and  2).  He  and  his  heirs  were  also  granted  the 
right  to  sell  all  the  lands  by  any  sort  of  estate  and  any  res- 
ervations of  rent  he  or  they  might  choose  (Sec.  17). 

In  addition  to  the  right  to  approve  or  reject  laws  pro- 
posed by  Penn  and  his  associates,  the  people  had  a  right  to 
a  voice  in  fixing  the  rate  of  import  and  export  duties  be- 
cause that  affected  trade  (Sec.  13);  they  had  a  few  very 
minor  rights  in  local  Government,  but  very  few  indeed 
(Sees.  10  and  19). 

Thus  under  the  King's  charter  to  Penn,  the  rights  of  the 
people  and  the  chief  ruler  in  legislation  were  the  reverse  of 
the  practice  to-day.  Now  the  people  decide  what  laws 
shall  be  passed  and  propose  and  initiate  them,  and  the  ex- 
ecutive is  limited  to  approving  or  disapproving;  but  in 
Penn's  earliest  days  in  Pennsylvania,  the  proprietor,  or  the 
Governor  and  Council  representing  him,  proposed  and  ini- 
tiated all  the  laws,  and  the  people  were  confined  to  approval 
or  disapproval  alone.  We  observe,  too,  chat  under  his 
charter  Penn  practically  held  the  Government  of  the  prov- 
ince in  the  hollow  of  one  hand  and  its  ownership  in  the 
other.  All  this  was  crowned  in  the  last  clause  of  the  char- 
ter by  the  provision  that  any  doubt  as  to  the  true  meaning 


132  Struggle  and  Else  of  Popular  Power. 

of  anything  in  that  instrument  must  be  resolved  in  favor  of 
Penn  (Sec.  23). 

The  effect  in  brief  of  what  we  have  just  stated  was : — the 
people  could  be  compelled  to  submit  to  a  judiciary  and  its 
judgments  which  they  had  no  hand  in  electing  or  estab- 
lishing (Sec.  5),  to  a  system  of  ordinances,  in  the  creation 
of  which  they  had  no  part,  instead  of  laws  (Sec.  6)  ;  to  social, 
political  and  industrial  conditions  for  the  relief  of  which 
they  could  not  originate  a  single  law ;  and  to  such  grants  or 
leaseholds  of  lands,  and  such  reservation  of  rents  as  the  pro- 
prietor saw  fit  to  make,  impose  or  reserve.  In  these  mat- 
ters the  people  and  their  wishes  did  not  need  to  be 
consulted. 

Penn  eventually  succeeded  in  getting  a  fair-sized  colony 
in  England  to  agree  to  come  over  with  him ;  and  before 
they  departed  they  worked  out,  and  he  drew  up  and  signed, 
April  20, 1682,  a  Frame  of  Government  guaranteeing  them 
certain  rights ;  and  May  5th,  of  the  same  year,  at  a  confer- 
ence with  them  in  England,  they  agreed  upon  a  body  of 
temporary  laws  to  put  the  Frame  in  force. 

In  this  "  Frame"  he  did  not  limit  the  people  to  the  small- 
est exercise  of  power  which  he  might  have  done  under  the 
charter.  He  provided  that  the  people  in  an  Assembly  and 
Provincial  Council,  both  elected  by  themselves,  should  take 
part  with  him  in  making  all  laws,  choosing  all  officers,  and 
transacting  all  public  affairs  (Sec.  1).  The  freemen  were  to 
meet  February  20, 1683,  at  such  place  of  which  Penn  would 
give  them  notice  and  choose  72  wise,  virtuous  and  able 
men  to  be  a  Council  (Sec.  2),  and  200  to  be  the  Assembly 
(Sec.  14),  and  annually  one-third  of  both  bodies  should  go 
out  and  a  new  third  be  elected.  Penn  reserved  the  right  to 
himself,  and  his  heirs,  and  his  deputies  to  preside  over 
Provincial  Council  and  have  a  tripple  vote  therein  (Sec.  6). 

This  Council,  acting  with  Penn,  prepared  and  proposed 
all  laws,  and  (Sec.  7)  put  them  into  execution  when  passed 
(Sec.  8) ;  had  charge  of  the  peace  and  safety  (Sec.  9) ;  had 
the  creating  and  ordering  of  cities,  ports,  markets  and  roads 


Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Poiver.  133 

(Sec.  10);  supervision  of  the  Treasury  (Sec.  11);  creating 
and  control  of  schools  and  granting  of  patents  (Sec.  12);  the 
erection  of  Courts,  Judges  and  Judicial  procedure  (Sec.  17). 
To  carry  out  these  powers  Council  was  divided  into  four 
committees  of  18  members  each, — a  committee  of  planta- 
tions, to  regulate  cities,  ports,  roads  and  business ;  a  com- 
mittee of  justice,  to  secure  peace  and  punish  law-breakers  ; 
a  committee  of  trade  and  treasury;  and  a  committee  of 
manners,  education  and  art.  While  this  Council  with  its 
large  powers  was  elected  by  the  people,  it  did  not  long  rep- 
resent the  people,  but  quickly  became  the  strong  right  arm 
of  the  proprietor.  But  the  power  which  Penn  allowed  the 
people  in  the  Government  in  reality,  was  wider  and  more 
liberal  than  that  which  his  charter  required  him  to  delegate. 
The  200  Assemblymen  to  be  elected  by  the  people  could 
reject  or  approve  laws  proposed  by  Penn  and  Council  (Sec. 
14).  They  and  all  the  people  were  entitled  to  see  copies  of 
all  laws  intended  to  be  proposed  by  Council,  posted  30  days 
before  being  called  to  act  on  them  (Sec.  7).  They  were  then 
to  sit  and  confer  eight  days  upon  those  laws  and  confer 
with  a  committee  of  Council,  if  they  desired,  and  on  the 
ninth  day  approve  or  disapprove  them  (Sec.  14). 

The  people  also  could  elect  a  double  number  of  candi- 
dates for  sheriffs,  justices  and  coroners,  out  of  which  the 
proprietor  or  his  deputy  could  select  those  he  desired  within 
four  days,  otherwise  the  one  receiving  the  highest  vote 
should  be  considered  elected  (Sec.  17).  But  Penn  provided 
in  this  Frame  of  1682,  that  while  the  people  were  given  this 
right  to  nominate  candidates  for  judges,  treasurers,  sheriffs, 
etc.  (as  just  stated)  the  present  conditions  required  immedi- 
ate settlement,  and  therefore,  Penn  himself  should  appoint 
all  the  present  judges,  treasurers,  masters  of  rolls,  sheriffs, 
justices  of  the  peace  and  coroners,  and  the  appointees  should 
be  for  life  or  good  behavior,  and  after  death  or  removal  the 
people  could  participate.  Thus  during  the  first  several  years 
the  people  had  no  voice  in  this  part  of  the  government 
(Sec.  18). 


134  Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power. 

The  Assembly,  acting  for  the  people,  were  given  the  right 
to  impeach  criminals  (Sec.  19).  But  they  were  subject  to 
dismissal  by  the  Governor  and  Council  at  any  time  after  nine 
days  sitting,  and  thus  could  not  sit  upon  their  own  adjourn- 
ments, a  subject  very  dear  to  Legislative  Assemblies.  They 
could  also  be  compelled  to  reassemble  at  any  time  within  a 
year  that  Councils  commanded  them  to  do  so  (Sec.  19). 

Nor  could  the  people  secure  a  change  or  an  enlargement 
of  rights  without  the  consent  of  the  proprietor,  his  heirs  or 
assigns  or  deputy  and  the  consent  of  six-sevenths  of  the 
council  (Sec.  23).  The  people  had  one  guarantee,  however, 
and  that  was  that  this  "  Frame  "  could  not  be  changed  with- 
out the  consent  of  six-sevenths  of  the  Assembly. 

In  the  laws  agreed  upon  in  England  between  Penn  and 
the  first  settlers,  the  next  step  toward  popular  power  appears. 
It  was  enacted  that  those  owning  100  acres  of  land,  servants 
who  were  entitled  to  freedom  and  those  who  pay  scot  and 
lot  were  to  be  freemen  (Sec.  2) ;  that  elections  must  be  free 
and  voluntary,  without  vote  buying  and  selling;  that  the 
Provincial  Council  and  Assembly  shall  each  be  the  judge 
of  the  regularity  of  the  election  of  their  own  members 
(Sec.  3) ;  that  no  tax  shall  be  laid  or  collected  by  ordinance, 
but  all  by  laws  passed  (Sec.  4) ;  that  Courts  shall  be  open  to 
all  and  that  all  be  allowed  to  appear  peaceably  and  plead 
their  cases  in  their  own  way  (Sees.  5  and  6) ;  that  proceed- 
ings be  in  English  (Sec.  7) ;  trials  by  jury  (Sec.  8) ;  and  that 
all  matters  of  public  concern,  not  mentioned,  be  referred 
to  the  order,  prudence  and  determination  of  the  governor 
and  freemen  in  Provincial  Council  and  General  Assembly 
(Sec.  40). 

Then  at  Chester,  December  7,  1682,  all  those  who  lived 
in  Pennsylvania  before  Penn  arrived  were  naturalized.  At 
the  same  place,  the  same  day,  was  passed  the  "Great  Law' 
guaranteeing  liberty  of  conscience  (Ch.  1);  punishing  sedi- 
tion (Ch.  27);  punishing  speaking  slightly  or  abusively  of 
or  to  magistrates  (Ch.  29);  again  defining  and  confirming 
freemen  in  the  right  to  vote  (Ch.  57);  and  re-enacting  the 


Sirugglc  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power.  135 

right  of  the  freemen  with  the  Governor  and  Council  to  de- 
termine all  things  not  mentioned  specifically  (Ch.  61);  and 
many  other  matters. 

In  this  first  meeting  of  Governor  and  Proprietor,  his  ad- 
visers, or  Council,  and  the  Assembly,  as  representatives  of 
the  people,  and  some  of  the  people  themselves,  at  Chester, 
in  December  of  1682,  where  the  statutes  which  I  have  just 
mentioned  were  worked  out  and  enacted,  we  shall  see  how 
ready  the  Assembly  were  to  step  beyond  the  limits  of  the 
Frame  and  the  laws  agreed  upon  in  England,  and  how 
inclined  to  exercise  the  unwritten  law  of  Assemblies,  "  the 
ancient  and  undoubted  rights  and  privileges  of  the  people" 
as  they  call  them.  This  was  a  further  step  in  the  rise  of 
popular  power  in  Pennsylvania. 

The  Assembly,  as  soon  as  they  organized,  selected  a  com- 
mittee on  election  and  privileges,  and  a  committee  on  jus- 
tice and  grievances;  and  the  first  named  committee  brought 
the  Sheriff  of  New  Castle  to  account  for  a  fraudulent  elec- 
tion, unseated  the  man  returned,  and  swore  in  his  opponent 
(Votes  of  Assembly,  vol.  i,  p.  1).  They  defied  the  "  Frame," 
and  indeed  the  charter  to  Penn,  which  provided  that  all 
bills  shall  be  proposed  by  Council  and  the  Governor,  erect- 
ing a  committee  to  manage  and  bring  in  all  bills,  called  a 
"  Committee  of  Foresight  to  Prepare  Bills"  (Do.).  They  then 
sent  an  address  to  the  Governor  asking  him  to  send  them 
copies  of  the  "  Frame"  and  the  "  Laws  Agreed  Upon  in 
England,"  and  his  proposed  laws  desired  to  be  passed  at  the 
session,  which  they  called  his  "  Constitutes"  (  V,  i,  p.  2).  * 
They  debated  whether  they  did  not  have  power  to  fine  all 
manner  of  delinquents,  whether  members  of  Assembly  or 
not,  and  whether  they  should  be  satisfied  that  the  Governor 
should  have  a  treble  voice  as  allowed  by  the  6th  Article  of 
the  "Frame."  They  took  up  and  decided  the  question 
whether  they  had  the  right  to  sit  by  committee  of  the 


*Vt  means  Votes  of  Assembly  ;    (7,  means  Colonial  Records;  Fr., 
means  Franklin's  History  of  Pennsylvania. 


136  Struggle  and  Else  of  Popular  Power. 

whole,  declaring  they  could  ( V,  i,  p.  2).  They  decided  they 
had  power  to  grant  a  sheriff  a  two-days'  leave  of  ahsence 
from  duty  (Do.).  They  decided  they  had  power,  not  only 
to  approve  or  disapprove  bills,  but  to  amend  bills,  and  made 
rules  for  the  purpose  (Do.).  They  decided  not  only  that,  but 
that  any  member  could  offer,  prepare,  and  propose  any  bill, 
public  or  private,  tending  to  the  public  good,  except  as  to 
levying  taxes  (Do.,  p.  3).  They  entertained  a  petition  from 
the  three  lower  Counties  on  the  Delaware  for  a  "  Union" 
with  the  Province  and  approved  it.  They  debated  whether 
the  "Frame"  and  "Laws  Agreed  on  in  England"  be 
accepted  here  and  approved  them.  They  struck  out  15 
laws  of  the  body  of  the  "  Great  Law,"  now  proposed  by 
Penn.  They  even  presumed  to  vote  whether  the  Lord 
God  of  Heaven  and  Earth  is  the  Lord  of  Conscience  and 
the  Father  of  Lights,  as  Penn  asserted  in  his  proposed 
"  Great  Law,"  and  decided  that  He  is,  and  approved  the 
declaration  as  a  good  preamble  to  that  law  which  they  were 
now  about  to  pass.  They  did  various  acts  of  a  vigorous 
character,  which  plainly  showed  that  they  meant  to  be,  not 
only  the  approvers  or  rejectors  of  bills,  but  the  live,  active 
initiators  of  the  public  measures — the  provincial  policies  and 
legislation  of  Pennsylvania. 

The  people  were  jealous  of  all  their  political  rights.  In 
the  winter  of  1682-3  they  did  not  succeed  in  electing  more 
than  72  men  for  Council  and  Assembly,  while  the  "  Frame" 
provided  they  should  elect  272,  being  200  for  Assembly  and 
72  for  Council.  They  requested  that  of  the  72  elected,  18 
be  members  of  Council  and  54  Assemblymen;  and  when 
they  met,  March  10, 1683,  begged  Penn  that  he  would  not, 
for  this  reason,  regard  the  Frame  or  Charter  rejected  (Col. 
Rec.,  i,  p.  58). 

They  next  became  suspicious  of  themselves.  They  were 
suddenly  awakened  to  the  fact  that  one-fourth  of  the  legal 
number  of  representatives  were  carrying  on  the  Govern- 
ment. Many  considered  the  72  who  were  met,  an  illegal 
body — usurpers — not  acting  under  the  Constitution,  but  for- 


Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power.  137 

feiting  it.  Nicholas  Moore,  President  of  the  Free  Traders 
Association,  and  a  powerful  figure  in  politics,  proclaimed 
that  in  this  act  Penn  and  the  Council  and  the  Assembly 
elected  had  broken  the  Charter  given  by  the  King,  and  the 
"  Frame  ";  and  said  all  their  acts  were  void ;  that  their  chil- 
dren would  curse  them  for  what  they  had  done,  and  that 
they  may  be  impeached  for  treason  ((7,  i,  p.  59). 

In  March,  1683,  the  Assembly  boldly  and  formally  re- 
solved that  they  should  have  the  right  to  originate  legisla- 
tion, and  petitioned  Penn  accordingly  ( V,  i,  p.  7).  This  gave 
rise  to  a  hot  debate  in  the  Assembly,  as  a  few  members  held 
it  showed  ingratitude  to  Penn.  They  said  he  had  already 
given  up  too  much  of  his  power.  Penn  felt  the  popular 
pressure  and  suggested  the  "  Frame"  be  amended  for  the 
good  of  future  ages  ( F,  i,  p.  8). 

Penn  feared  the  rising  power  of  the  people.  He  insisted 
on  an  amendment  of  the  Frame  to  prevent  any  law  being 
passed  inconsistent  with  the  King's  charter  ((7,  i,p.  59).  He 
feared  the  people  would  "  take  the  bit  in  their  teeth"  and 
run  away  with  his  Government,  or  forfeit  his  charter ;  and 
March  15,  1683,  he  demanded  that  each  Assemblyman  give 
him  security  that  they  would  not  forfeit  his  charter  rights 
by  legislation  (C,  i,  p.  60).  They  refused,  but  agreed  they 
would  not  insist  now  on  the  right  to  propose  laws  (0,  i,  p.  61). 
They  gave  up  the  initiative  for  the  present.  But  they  in- 
sisted they  had  the  right  to  propose  amendments  or  "  varia- 
tions," as  they  called  them,  in  the  "Frame  and  Laws 
Agreed  upon  in  England"  (V,  i,  p.  10).  If  they  could  not 
propose  new  laws,  they  could  propose  amendments  to  old  ones. 
They  were  jealous  of  Council.  People  were  more  willing  to 
serve  in  Council  than  in  Assembly.  So  the  body  of  Penn's 
councillors  was  larger  than  the  people's  representatives — 
it  was  a  stronger  body  than  they  were.  Therefore,  March 
19,  1683,  the  Assembly  passed  an  "  Act  of  Settlement,"  as 
an  amendment  to  the  "  Frame,"  fixing  Council  at  three 
members  for  each  County  ( V,  i,  p.  11,  and  Duke  of  York's 
B.  of  L.,  p.  123).  At  this  same  session  Penn  asked  for  an 


138  Struggle  and  Else  of  Popular  Power. 

"  overruling  vote" — a  veto  in  Assembly  the  same  as  he  had 
in.  and  over  Council;  but  the  Assembly  would  not  grant  it 
( V,  i,  p.  10). 

The  session  did  not  end  without  some  great  fundamental 
legislation.  The  "  Great  Law '  consisting  of  79  statutes 
was  passed,  among  other  things,  providing  that  freemen 
may  not  be  imprisoned  except  by  jury;  providing  also  a 
code  of  civil  and  of  criminal  procedure  ;  police  regulations ; 
and  curbing  sumptuary  legislation  somewhat. 

Penn,  at  this  time,  also  shaped  up  a  new  charter  out  of 
all  the  laws  and  the  charter  and  variations  that  had  been 
before  adopted.  This  was  dated  April  2,  1683 ;  and  it  was 
accepted  the  same  day  by  Council,  Assembly  and  the  people 
present.  This  charter  was  intended  to  be  an  effective  curb 
upon  popular  power.  In  it  Penn  was  careful  to  put  the 
clause  that  all  laws  are  to  be  proposed  by  the  Governor  and 
the  Council,  and  the  Assembly  only  to  concur  or  reject. 
The  Assembly  were  subject  to  dismissal  and  under  the  con- 
trol of  the  Governor  and  Council ;  and  this  could  not  be 
changed  without  the  consent  of  the  Governor  and  six  sev- 
enths of  Council  and  Assembly. 

The  additional  power  which  Penn  and  his  Council  strove 
to  secure  in  this  new  charter  of  1683  is  evident  in  the  pro- 
ceedings. Council  voted  favorably  on  Penn's  proposal  that 
he  could  choose  all  officers  during  his  life,  instead  of  the 
same  being  elected  after  the  present  appointees  die  (C,  i, 
69).  It  was  the  Council,  not  the  Assembly  who  proposed 
the  new  charter  ((7,  i,  70).  March  30th,  Council  voted  that 
a  public  tax  be  laid  on  land  to  defray  expenses,  but  hitherto 
it  had  been  understood  that  Penn  was  to  bear  a  large  part 
of  the  expense  out  of  the  customs,  rents,  etc.  (Do.).  April 
2,  it  was  decided  Penn  should  retain  his  tripple  vote  (C.  i, 
p.  72).  Same  day  the  old  charter  was  surrendered  to  Penn 
(Do.).  The  people,  or  at  least  their  Assembly,  early  regret- 
ed  the  change  in  the  charter. 

The  principal  differences  between  the  old  and  new  charter 
were : — The  Assembly,  limited  to  200  and  the  Council  to  72 


Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power.  139 

by  the  old  charter,  were  reduced  to  36  in  Assembly  and  18 
in  Council  by  the  new  charter.  The  Assembly,  which  was 
nearly  three  times  as  large  as  Council  in  the  old  charter, 
was  not  allowed  to  be  more  than  twice  as  large  in  the  new. 
In  the  old,  the  Assembly  could  be  increased  to  500  mem- 
bers as  population  increased,  but  Council  could  not  increase 
beyond  the  initial  72.  Assembly  could  thus  become  seven 
times  as  large  and  as  strong  numerically  as  Council ;  but  in 
the  new  charter  Council  would  be  increased  in  numbers  as 
well  as  Assembly  as  time  went  on,  the  Council  from  18  to 
72,  and  Assembly  from  36  to  200,  and  thus  the  latter  could 
not  become  quite  three  times  as  strong  numerically  as  the 
Council.  Under  the  old,  the  Assembly  could  not  be  com- 
pelled to  meet  anywhere  but  in  the  capital  town  of  the 
province,  but  in  the  new,  the  Governor  had  a  voice  in  order- 
ing a  meeting  elsewhere.  Under  the  old  charter  Penn  had 
authority  to  appoint  the  first  complement  of  Judges,  Sher- 
iffs, Justices,  Coroners,  and  the  first  Treasurer  and  Master 
of  the  rolls,  to  hold  office  during  their  life  or  good  behav- 
ior; and  upon  death  or  removal  of  any,  the  people  should 
thereafter  fill  the  vacancies  by  election.  Under  the  new 
charter,  Penn  had  all  the  right  to  make  the  first  comple- 
ment of  appointees  and  also  to  appoint  their  successor^  in 
the  case  of  death  or  removal,  during  his  (Perm's)  life.  This 
delayed  the  people's  participation  in  filling  these  offices  until 
the  death  of  Penn,  no  matter  how  many  officers  died  or 
were  removed  by  him  during  his  life.  He  could  completely 
control  in  the  hollow  of  his  hand — placate,  punish,  and  ro- 
tate officers  as  he  saw  fit  during  life.  Under  the  old,  as 
fast  as  one  vacancy  after  another  occurred,  so  fast  the  power 
slipped  out  of  his  hands  into  the  control  of  the  people. 
The  old  charter  provided  the  Assembly  should  sit  as  long 
as  needful  to  pass  bills  into  laws ;  the  new  one  provided  for 
passing  such  bills  "  as  are  proposed  to  them."  distinctly 
negativing  any  power  in  Assembly  to  propose  laws  which, 
under  the  old  charter,  they  claimed  the  right  to  do.  There 
were  some  advantages  in  the  new  charter  over  the  old,  but 


140  Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power. 

a  subsequent  Assembly  pronounced  them  unreal,  and  to 
have  been  inserted  only  to  mislead  the  people.  The  Assem- 
bly of  1704,  in  an  address  to  Penn,  accused  him  quite  bit- 
terly for  compelling  the  Assembly  of  1683  to  accept  the 
new  charter  and  then  not  allowing  it  to  be  amended,  saying 
the  reasons  were  not  good  (Franklin's  History,  p.  10) ;  that 
the  old  one  was  set  aside  contrary  to  law  (-FK,  11) ;  that  he 
had  no  right  to  a  negative  on  bills  (Fr.,  11) ;  that  he  had  no 
right  to  give  the  lower  Counties  of  Delaware  the  same  num- 
ber of  representatives  as  the  province,  because  they  dead- 
locked all  legislation  (Ft\,  7) ;  and  that  the  Charter  of  Frame 
of  1682  was  laid  aside  by  Penn  by  artifice  deeper  than  some 
could  fathom  (Fr.,  8). 

At  the  session  of  October,  1683,  the  Assembly  found  they 
had  this  new  charter  to  contend  against,  but  they  began  at 
once  to  force  more  popular  power,  and  to  show  increasing 
jealousy  for  the  rights  of  the  people  and  their  representa- 
tives. By  a  single  stroke  they  broke  the  restraints  in  that 
constitution  which  denied  them  the  right  to  prepare  and 
propose  laws.  Because  they  were  commanded  by  Council 
to  sit  on  jury  duty,  which  they  contemptuously  refused,  and 
defied  the  Sheriff  who  summoned  them,  (C.  i,  p.  87,  and 
V,  i,  23),  they  at  once  framed  a  bill  and  passed  it  declaring 
that  neither  Council,  Penn  nor  any  one  else  (V,  i,  23),  had 
any  right  to  interfere  with  them  while  attending  their  du- 
ties, nor  summon  them,  nor  bring  any  suit  against  them. 
They  and  their  constituents  induced  Penn  to  agree  that  at 
the  beginning  and  end  of  each  Assembly  the  people  had  the 
right  to  come  into  the  hall  and  hear  what  was  proposed 
and  done  ((7,  i,  85);  and  they  capped  the  climax  by  asking 
Penn  for  the  referendum  pure  and  simple,  requiring  a  law 
that  the  statutes  intended  to  be  passed  should  be  sent  to 
each  county-seat  before  the  meeting  of  Assembly,  where  the 
Assemblymen  of  each  County  should  meet  the  people  and 
receive  instructions  which  they  should  obey  ( F,  i,  23).  Penn's 
opposition  to  this  caused  great  public  dissatisfaction  (Frank- 
lin's Hist.  Pa.,  10). 


Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power.  141 

Popular  power  was  very  much  feared  by  the  aristocrat!- 
cal  side  of  the  Government  about  this  time.  January  16, 
1684,  Penn  himself  ordered  Anthony  Weston  to  be  whipped 
for  making  certain  recommendations  to  Council  of  a  politi- 
cal nature,  and  some  of  his  associates  put  under  bonds  ((7, 
i,  p.  92).  In  1686,  Atken's  Almanac  was  suppressed  because 
of  an  article  entitled,  "  Beginnings  of  Government  in  Penn- 
sylvania by  Lord  Penn  "  ((7,  i,  p.  165).  And  in  September, 
1692,  William  Bradford's  printing  pr|ss  was  confiscated  for 
violating  popular  criticisms  of  the  Government  ((7,  i,  pp. 
366  and  367). 

In  1684  Penn,  fearing  the  popular  branch,  insisted  that 
the  membership  of  his  Council  be  largely  increased,  and 
that  he  be  allowed  to  choose  them,  instead  of  the  people 
electing  them  (<7,  i,  p.  98).  And  about  the  same  time  Assem- 
bly insisted  they  be  allowed  to  confer  more  freely  with  their 
constituents  on  grievances  and  proposed  legislation  ( V,  i, 
p.  29).  This  Assembly  also  began  a  new  form  of  defiance 
of  Penn  because  they  were  not  allowed  to  originate  any 
laws — they  refused  to  act  on  laws  Penn  and  Council  sent 
them  (C,  i,  pp.  106  and  107).  They  also  began  amending 
bills  sent  them  and  the  Governor  and  Council  rebuked  them 
and  told  them  they  had  no  power  to  amend,  but  could  sim- 
ply reject  or  approve  since  the  Frame  of  1683  (C,  i,  p.  108). 
The  Assembly  were  very  wroth,  and  the  Speaker  declared 
the  laws  that  Council  proposed  were  "  cursed  laws  "  and 
John  White,  an  Assemblyman,  in  open  Assembly,  very  pro- 
fanely condemned  them  (O,  i,  p.  109).  The  Assembly  next 
insisted  that  if  they  could  not  propose  or  amend  they  could 
repeal  laws,  and  they  proceeded  to  do  it  (<7,  i,  p.  109).  The 
Governor  and  Council  denied  this  position  and  said  they 
aimed  to  repeal  the  Constitution  (C,  i,  p.  411). 

In  1685,  the  Assembly  insisted  that  they  had  supervision 
over  the  Supreme  Court's  action  and  impeached  Nicholas 
Moore,  Chief  Judge  ((7,  i,  p.  121)  for  holding  that  the  Court 
was  not  accountable  to  Assembly  ((7,  i,  pp.135  and  137).  They 
demanded  of  Pat.  Robinson,  Clerk  of  that  Court,  to  produce 


142  Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power. 

the  records  before  Assembly ;  and  because  he  said  he  would 
not  do  so  unless  the  Judges  ordered  it,  they  promptly  ar- 
rested him  and  declared  it  was  their  undoubted  right  to 
arrest  all  persons  who  refuse  to  obey  them  (  V,  i,  p.  34).  They 
then  brought  in  the  records  and  examined  them  and  pro- 
nounced Judge  Moore  a  corrupt,  aspiring  minister  of  State 
( V,  i,  p.  36). 

The  Assembly  of  1686  pushed  popular  power  still  a  little 
higher  than  that  of-  1685.  They  demanded  satisfaction 
from  Council  for  presuming  to  command  a  member  of  As- 
sembly to  appear  before  Council  ((7,  i,  p.  177,  and  V,  i,  p. 
36);  they  indignantly  refused  to  receive  a  committee  from 
Council,  insisting  that  they  would  treat  only  with  the  whole 
Council  ((7,  i,  p.  177);  they  ordered  Council  to  proceed  to 
try  the  impeachment  of  Judge  Moore,  and  insisted  that  it  be 
done  before  any  laws  are  acted  on  ( V,  i,  p.  37) ;  they  gave 
notice  to  Council  that  henceforth  they  will  exercise  such 
right  of  amendment  as  they  see  fit  ( F,  i,  p.  38) ;  they  struck 
a  blow  at  Perm's  quit-rents  (C,  i,  p.  182) ;  and  they  refused 
to  act  on  laws  sent  them  by  Council  (O,  i,  p.  183).  The  re- 
sult was  the  Session  ended  in  a  deadlock  (Do.,  p.  184).  The 
Assembly,  by  not  agreeing  to  continue  some  fundamental 
laws  about  expiring,  endangered  and  made  the  charter  of 
1683  partly  inoperative,  and  this  was  their  object.  August 
25th  of  this  year,  a  new  power  first  appeared  on  the  people's 
side  in  infant  Pennsylvania — a  brave,  fearless  and  rugged 
commoner,  a  jealous  defender  of  the  liberties  of  the  people — 
David  Lloyd.  That  day  he  presented  his  commission  as 
Attorney  General  of  the  Province  (C,  i,  p.  188). 

Now  came  the  Assembly  of  1687.  Council  refused  to 
admit  certain  of  its  members  because  of  criminal  complaints 
pending  against  them  ;  the  Assembly  presumed  to  command 
that  Council  should  admit  them,  that  the  people  were  enti- 
tled to  it  (  F,  i,  p.  40).  Council  said  it  was  no  affair  of  the 
Assembly's.  The  Assembly  ordered  Council  to  pay  more 
attention  to  opening  highways ;  in  other  words,  to  discharge 
their  duties  more  faithfully  ( T7,  i,  p.  42,  and  C,  i,  p.  204). 


Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power.  143 

Finally  the  Assembly  determined  to  disregard  Council,  sit 
on  their  own  adjournments,  and  dismiss  themselves,  which 
they  did. 

The  Assembly  of  1688  found  a  stubborn  Council  to  deal 
with.  They  resolved  to  break  its  spirit.  They  demanded 
that  the  whole  Council  should  receive  the  Assembly  by 
committee  ((7,  i,  p.  223),  forgetting  that  two  years  before 
they  refused  to  receive  Council  by  committee,  and  would  re- 
ceive nothing  less  than  the  whole  Council.  Council  warned 
the  Assembly  that  if  they  attempted  to  do  anything  but  ap- 
prove or  reject  laws  proposed,  or  attempted  to  resolve  into 
a  committee,  they,  the  Council,  would  dissolve  the  Assem- 
bly. The  Assembly  immediately  put  all  of  their  members 
under  an  oath  of  secrecy  so  that  Council  could  not  have  any 
knowledge  of  their  proceedings,  and  Council  declared  they 
were  assuming  prerogatives  that  did  not  belong  to  them  and 
were  a  close  Assembly  bent  on  bad  purposes  ( V,  i,  pp.  43 
and  44).  The  Assembly  determined  to  make  themselves 
the  judges  of  the  election  and  qualifications  of  members  of 
Council,  and  grilled  them  for  not  admitting  one  of  their 
members  (F,  i,  p.  44).  And  May  19th,  they  adjourned 
themselves  ( V,  i,  p.  47). 

John  Blackwell,  appointed  by  Perm  to  be  Deputy-Gover- 
nor in  his  absence,  appeared  December  18,  1688,  and  thus 
the  year  1689  opened  with  a  fresh  bone  of  contention.  The 
people  almost  rebelled  against  Penn  for  sending  a  deputy. 
When  Penn  went  to  England  in  1684,  he  left  the  Council  in 
charge  representing  him,  and  that  Council  made  Thomas 
Lloyd,  one  of  the  best  loved  men  in  Pennsylvania,  president. 
Thus  during  these  four  years  the  whole  government  was  in 
the  hands  of  the  people  (at  least  technically  so),  both  Assem- 
bly and  Council  being  elected  by  them.  The  people  were 
satisfied  that  Penn  should  preside  over  the  Council  and  be 
the  head  of  the  government,  and  after  him,  that  his  heirs 
should  do  so,  but  they  would  not  agree  that  while  Penn  lived 
he  could  hand  that  position  over  to  a  deputy,  and  Assembly, 
Council,  and  the  people  all  rebelled  against  Blackwell. 


144  Struggle  and  Else  of  Popular  Power. 

Both  houses  called  him  to  his  face  and  treated  him  as  an 
intermeddler  (C,  i,  pp.  244  and  257).  Blackwell  did  all  he 
could  to  curb  popular  power.  He  wanted  charges  to  be 
brought  against  Thomas  Lloyd,  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal, 
because  he  would  not  give  it  up  (<7,  i,  p.  271) ;  but  several 
members  said  they  had  too  great  a  love  for  Lloyd  to  act 
against  him,  and  rejected  the  proposal  to  impeach  him,  says 
the  Record.,  "  in  such  warm  expressions  as  are  not  fit  to  be 
recorded"  (O,  i,  p.  272).  On  February  9th,  Blackwell,  in 
Council,  said  he  got  hold  of  a  little  book  printed  and  dis- 
tributed among  the  people  entitled  "  The  Frame  of  the  Gov- 
ernment of  this  Province."  He  was  shocked  that  anyone 
would  have  the  audacity  to  print  the  charter.  On  deeper 
inquiry,  Joseph  Growdon,  a  member  of  Council,  admitted 
he  had  ordered  a  lot  printed  and  distributed  (0,  i,  p.  278). 
Blackwell  asked  Council  to  prepare  charges  against  Grow- 
den ;  but  all  remained  silent.  He  said  that  it  was  a  danger- 
ous act,  and  that  while  there  were  certain  things  in  the 
charter  the  people  might  know,  it  was  better  they  should 
resort  to  the  Keeper  for  information.  Symcock  replied  that 
it  should  not  only  be  printed,  but  the  charter  ought  to  be 
taught  to  the  children,  and  Penn  would  have  it  so  taught 
(0,  i,  p.  279).  This  shows  the  temper  of  the  times.  One 
member  of  Council  accused  Blackwell  of  ordering  elec- 
tions illegally,  and  another  declared  that  he  refused  to  allow 
them  to  be  judges  of  their  own  elections  (<7,  i,  p.  282). 
About  the  middle  of  April  his  Council  deserted  him. 

Then  the  Assembly  took  a  hand  formally  and  accused 
Blackwell  of  disintegrating  his  Council  purposely  to  give  him- 
self more  power  and  to  override  the  people  ( V,  i,  pp.  49  and 
50).  They  refused  to  annul  laws  which  Blackwell  insisted 
must  be  annulled,  viz.,  all  that  were  passed  since  Penn  left 
in  1684  ((7,  i,  p.  288).  They  warn  him  he  is  trampling  on 
our  rights  by  not  allowing  Council  to  sit  ((7,  i,  p.  292); 
he  tells  them  they  are  not  the  judges  of  his  proceedings  (6Y, 
i,  p.  293).  The  Assembly  threaten  to  go  back  to  the  old 
charter  of  1682,  because  he  enforces  the  provisions  of  the 


Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power.  145 

charter  of  1683  tyrannically.  He  then  refuses  to  receive 
any  communications  from  them.  The  Assembly  next  turn 
on  the  offensive  and  attack  Blackwell's  commission  ( V,  i,  p. 
53).  They  declare  they  will  not  submit  longer  to  unlawful 
proceedings  over  them ;  that  Penn's  absence  is  prejudicial  to 
the  people's  rights ;  that  it  is  not  true  that  he  commanded 
the  laws  passed  in  his  absence  to  be  dropped;  that  the  method 
of  laws  being  passed  by  Penn  and  being  simply  assented 
to  by  the  Assembly  is  obsolete,  and  in  its  stead  is  the 
method  allowed  by  the  Charter  of  1682  and  Act  of  Settle- 
ment; that  the  Assembly  may  originate  and  pass  laws  as 
they  choose,  which  they  have  been  following ;  that  they  will 
not  submit  to  any  laws  passed  by  that  old  charter  method 
of  1681 ;  that  all  the  laws  passed  are  in  full  force,  and  will  be 
regarded  so  until  the  King  himself  says  otherwise;  and  that 
they  will  not  longer  suffer  the  elected  members  of  Council 
to  be  prevented  from  sitting. 

This  same  Assembly  arrested  several  judges  for  issuing 
warrants  for  members  of  Assembly,  arid  declared  the  judges 
by  that  act  "  broke  down,  slighted  and  trod  under  foot  the 
rights,  freedom  and  liberties  of  every  freeman"  in  Pennsylva- 
nia ( V,  i,  p.  55).  They  ordered  that  the  last  charter  of  liber- 
ties be  printed  and  distributed.  They  sent  a  message  to 
Council  that  they  refused  to  be  dismissed  until  the  people's 
wrongs  were  righted,  and  certain  authors  of  arbitrariness  in 
government  are  punished  ( T,  i,  p.  55). 

All  these  were  particular  phases  of  one  general  contest 
which  the  people  were  waging — to  get  rid  of  Blackwell. 
The  constitution  did  not  provide  for  a  stranger  at  the  head 
of  the  government ;  and  they  held  that  when  Penn  was 
absent  the  government  was  in  the  people's  hands.  They 
forced  Blackwell  out,  and  when  they  did,  popular  power  had 
again  triumphed. 

Penn  recalled  Blackwell,  and  in  1690  sent  two  commis- 
sions to  the  province — one  empowering  Council  to  select 
three  persons  out  of  whom  Penn  would  choose  one  to  be 
deputy-governor,  and  the  other  making  Council,  as  a  whole, 
VOL.  xxxiv. — 10 


146  Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power. 

his  deputy,  with  power  to  select  a  president  from  their 
number.  The  people  accepted  the  latter.  Penn  also  wrote, 
"I  throw  all  matters  into  the  people's  hands"  ((7,  i,  p.  317). 
Penn  felt  that  popular  power  was  rising  in  the  province, 
and  about  the  beginning  of  1690  he  wrote,  "  Is  my  interest 
already  rendered  so  opposite  to  that  of  the  country ;  and 
those  employed  by  me  such  bad  men  that  it  is  impossible 
they  can  serve  the  country  and  me  together  ?"  (O,  i,pp.  319 
and  320). 

Thomas  Lloyd  was  unanimously  chosen  President  by  the 
Council  (<7,  i,  p.  323).  The  people  had  charge  of  the  whole 
government  again.  This  Council  was  respected  by  the  As- 
sembly, and  for  three  years  there  was  harmony  and  progress, 
and  very  mild  administration. 

But  the  Province  now  acquired  the  habit  of  ignoring 
England's  demands  for  money,  soldiers  and  defense,  and  thus 
in  1693,  the  British  sovereign  took  Penn's  government  out 
of  his  hands  and  put  it  in  the  charge  of  Benjamin  Fletcher, 
as  Royal  Military  Governor,  because  of  "  neglects,  disorders, 
and  miscarriages  in  Penn's  administration."  He  appeared 
April  26th  (0,  i,  p.  364) ;  and  in  him  the  King  and  Queen 
assumed  indirect  charge  of  Pennsylvania's  government  (C,  i, 
p.  353). 

Popular  power  in  Pennsylvania  is  now  reduced  to  very 
meek  proportions.  The  chief  diminutions  and  suppressions 
of  popular  power  and  control  as  ordered  by  Fletcher's  com- 
mission were  :  Fletcher  should  have  full  power  and  author- 
ity, with  the  advice  and  consent  of  "  our1'  Council,  to  call 
the  General  Assembly  of  the  Province,  according  to  the 
usage  in  New  York ;  all  those  Assemblymen  elected  were  to 
take  the  oath  required  by  the  Act  of  Parliament  instead  of 
the  obligations  of  supremacy ;  all  laws  to  be  transmitted  to 
England  within  three  months,  and  if  disallowed,  void ; 
Fletcher  to  have  a  negative  or  veto  over  Acts  of  Council 
and  Assembly — a  power  from  time  to  time  to  prorogue  and 
dissolve  the  Assembly — a  power,  with  advice  of  Council,  to 
establish  all  Courts,  Judges,  etc.,  and  all  officers — a  power  to 


Struggle  and  Else  of  Popular  Power.  147 

levy,  muster,  arm,  command  and  employ  soldiers,  trans- 
port them,  and  make  war,  execute  martial  law  in  case  of 
insurrection,  build  forts  and  castles  and  fortify  towns,  exer- 
cise power  of  Captain-General,  nominate  a  Lieutenant-Go  v- 
ernor,  appoint  all  his  councillors,  and  such  and  so  many  as 
he  may  desire,  not  over  12 — suspend  the  Lieute riant-Gover- 
nor, or  any  member  of  Council,  if  he  find  cause ;  and  if  he 
die,  the  Council  of  New  York  to  be  the  head  of  Pennsylva- 
nia's government  ((7,  i,  pp.  353  to  357). 

Fletcher  found  a  stubborn  people  to  deal  with.  He  offered 
the  Lieutenancy  to  Thomas  Lloyd  but  he  would  not  accept 
it  (0,  i,p.  364).  He  then  appointed  Markham  (0,  i,  p.  352). 

One  of  the  first  acts  of  Fletcher  and  his  Council  was  to 
discard  the  old  Constitution,  which  fixed  the  number  of 
Assemblymen;  and  instead  they  settled  by  Council  how 
many  Assemblymen  should  be  chosen.  They  decided  there 
should  be  four  for  Philadelphia  County  and  New  Castle 
each,  and  three  for  each  other  County  (O,  i,  p.  366).  This 
was  the  smallest  number  ever  fixed;  and  it  was  designed  to 
break  their  spirit.  Seven  of  the  ex-members  of  Thomas 
Lloyd's  Council  addressed  a  letter  to  Fletcher  begging  him 
in  behalf  of  the  freemen,  that  no  method  be  used  in  elect- 
ing the  Assembly  but  that  provided  by  the  ancient  law  and 
Constitution ;  but  he  paid  no  attention  to  it  (O,  i,  p.  370). 
The  Constitutional  numbers  and  powers  of  Assemblymen 
fixed  by  the  old  laws,  were  both  ignored  and  disregarded. 
Six  justices  of  the  peace  refused  to  serve,  and  man  after 
man  to  whom  the  places  were  offered  refused  them  ((7,  i, 
p.  371).  Council  adjourned  May  16th  to  June  3d,  and  paid 
no  attention  to  the  Assembly  at  all  (C7,  i,  p.  375). 

May  16th,  Assembly  met  but  with  the  reduced  number  of 
members  as  allowed  by  Fletcher.  They  were  a  very  tame 
body  (  V,  i,  p.  65).  One  of  their  earliest  acts  was  to  resolve 
that  their  laws  in  force  before  Fletcher  came  are  still  in 
force  ( F,  i,  p.  66).  They  drew  an  address  to  Fletcher  asking 
that  the  people's  ancient  rights  might  be  preserved  (Do.). 
Fletcher  demanded  a  copy  of  the  Assembly's  journal  every 


148  Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power. 

night  ((7,  i,  p.  400);  and  in  answer  to  their  address  asking 
a  confirmation  of  the  laws,  he  told  them  that  they  were  very 
much  mistaken  in  alleging  the  laws  to  be  in  force,  and  said 
if  Penn's  laws  are  in  force  and  could  be  brought  into  com- 
petition with  the  great  seal  of  England,  he  (Fletcher)  had 
no  business  in  Pennsylvania ;  and  that  many  of  their  laws 
were  repugnant  to  the  English  Constitution  ( (7,  i,  p.  402).  He 
cautioned  and  told  them  that  they  could  not  longer  elect 
members  of  Council,  but  he  will  appoint  them ;  that  the 
Council  and  the  Assembly  could  no  longer  have  a  negative 
or  veto  on  laws,  but  that  such  power  now  belonged  wholly 
to  him  ;  they  could  no  longer  elect  a  double  number  of  can- 
didates for  Sheriff  and  other  officers,  but  that  he  will  appoint 
all  such  officers  himself.  He  also  said  that  many  privileges 
granted  to  Penn  and  the  people  in  King  Charles's  charter 
were  now  void,  because  King  Charles  was  dead  and  those 
charter  rights  died  with  him ;  that  they  were  personal  prerog- 
atives of  the  King,  and  one  King  cannot  grant  them  away 
with  such  effect  that  a  succeeding  King  shall  be  bound  to 
be  deprived  of  them.  Such  were  the  revenues  of  the  crown, 
royalties,  making  laws,  powers  over  life  and  death,  arming 
the  subjects  and  making  war,  etc.  All  Penn's  power  over 
these  was  entirely  gone  and  lost  ((7,  i,  p.  402).  But  finally 
he  told  the  people  that  with  his  commission  and  coming, 
both  their  laws  and  their  forms  and  model  of  Government 
were  at  an  end,  ((7,  i,  p.  402).  The  Assembly  said  that  they 
were  surprised  to  know  their  Government  was  at  an  end  as 
under  the  Great  Seal  they  thought  it  lived  after  the  death 
of  King  Charles. 

The  Assembly  now  had  a  harder  task  than  they  ever  had 
heretofore  encountered — defending  their  old  laws  and  what 
they  could  of  their  old  liberties,  from  ruin.  Fletcher  told 
them  that  their  laws  were  at  an  end.  They  examined  200 
of  them  and  find  they  can  drop  104,  if  they  can  save  the 
96  ((7,  i,  p.  413).  These  they  save.  Much  of  his  time 
Fletcher  was  compelled  to  be  in  ISTew  York,  and  he  ap- 
pointed William  Markham  to  preside  over  Council  in  his 


Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power.  149 

absence  ((7,  i,  p.  419).  He  told  the  Assembly,  too,  that  the 
laws  were  void.  Good  old  Thomas  Lloyd  rep  lied,  "We  can 
judge  if  they  are  void  or  not ;  we  who  made  them,  no  one 
else."  Samuel  Carpenter  said  he  would  lose  everything 
before  he  would  give  up  the  laws  (Do.). 

It  is  surprising  how  quickly  men  will  give  up  principle 
for  power.  Markham  and  those  who  composed  his  Council 
in  1692  were  patriots;  but  when  under  the  strong  arm  of 
Britain,  by  Fletcher,  they  were  appointed  the  King's  Coun- 
cil, they  turned  traitors  to  the  popular  cause.  But  the 
Assembly  at  once  began  the  battle.  They  resorted  to  the 
method  that  Assemblies  from  time  immemorial  have  used 
on  Governors,  Presidents  and  even  on  Kings,  to  bring  them 
to  terms — they  refused  to  pass  any  bills  appropriating  money 
until  the  Governor  would  make  them  promises  and  pass 
laws  to  relieve  the  grievances  of  the  people  ((7,  i,  p.  426). 
They  insisted,  if  they  are  under  the  laws  of  England  and 
not  under  their  charters,  they  have  the  full  rights  of  the 
House  of  Commons  and  can  originate  and  propose  laws  as 
they  see  fit,  and  have  the  right  to  withhold  money  until 
their  grievances  are  remedied  (C,  i,  pp.  426  and  427). 
Thomas  Lloyd  boldly  said,  "  To  be  plain,  the  Assembly  will 
not  pass  any  bills  until  they  know  what  is  to  become  of  the 
other  bills  now  in  the  Governor's  hands."  White  said  the 
same  (<7,  i,  p.  427).  The  Governor  said  he  will  not  grant 
any  of  their  bills  for  all  the  money  in  their  country.  (O,  i, 
p.  430). 

Fletcher  now  having  returned  to  Pennsylvania  for  a  sea- 
son, attacked  the  people's  right  to  elect  a  yearly  Assembly ; 
but  said  he  will  agree  as  a  favor  to  call  the  Assembly 
yearly.  He  said  he  can  call  them  as  he  sees  fit,  and  that  if 
he  gets  a  good  Assembly  he  will  likely  continue  it  from 
year  to  year,  and  not  give  the  people  a  chance  to  elect  a  new 
Assembly  yearly  ((7,  i,  p.  430).  He  said  the  people  must 
not  insist  on  any  laws  providing  for  election  of  officers  any 
longer,  as  the  King  has  given  him  the  right  to  appoint 
them.  He  would  dissolve  the  Assembly  whenever  he  saw 


150  Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power. 

fit.  He  threatened  if  they  did  not  obey  him  he  would  have 
Pennsylvania  annexed  to  New  York  (F,  i,  p.  76).  He 
begged  his  unpatriotic  Council  to  use  their  endeavors  so 
that  only  such  Assemblymen  be  chosen  as  are  "  best  affected 
toward  His  Majesty's  Government"  (C,  i,  p.  385). 

Now  the  second  year  of  Fletcher  comes  on  in  1694. 
When  the  Assembly  re-convened  on  April  10,  1694,  they 
presented  the  following  grievances :  That  their  petition  of 
rights  was  ignored  ( F,  i,  p.  78) ;  that  appeals  are  allowed 
from  law  to  equity  before  the  same  Judges ;  that  taxes  are 
raised  and  collected  in  the  discretion  of  the  Justices  of  the 
Peace  without  the  approbation  of  the  Grand  Jury  or  the 
people  ( F,  i,  p.  78) ;  that  he  has  taken  away  the  power  of  the 
Assembly  to  adjourn  itself,  which  right  he  must  give  to  them 
again  ((7,  i,  pp.  454  and  455) ;  that  they  are  convened  out  of 
their  proper  time,  and  by  Fletcher's  writ,  instead  of  the  Con- 
stitution, which  is  against  the  people's  liberty,  and  without 
power  even  in  the  King's  and  Queen's  commission  (Do.). 

May  22d,  Markham,  acting  for  Fletcher,  tried  to  adjourn 
the  Assembly,  but  in  the  presence  of  Council  they  defied 
him,  and  insisted  they  had  the  right  to  adjourn  themselves 
( F,  i,  p.  80).  They  compelled  Markham  to  yield,  and  sat  on 
their  own  adjournments  (<7,  i,  p.  454).  And  by  June  2d, 
they  forced  Fletcher  to  agree  that  six  of  the  old  laws  he 
first  opposed  shall  be  considered  in  force  (O,  i,  p.  466). 
June  8th,  they  assert  that  they  have  the  right  to  originate 
all  money  bills  and  to  lay  taxes  and  appropriate  them  for 
such  objects  as  they  choose,  etc.  (C,  i,  p.  470).  Being  defied 
in  this  way,  they  refuse  to  vote  money  to  Fletcher,  though 
he  warns  them  they  have  sat  nineteen  days  and  ignored 
him  and  the  King  and  Queen  (C,  i,  p.  470).  And  as  to 
Assembly,  Fletcher's  stormy  term  ends  with  them  insisting 
that  they  have  the  right  to  fix  fees,  etc.,  and  Fletcher  deny- 
ing it,  saying  that  belongs  to  the  Governor  and  Council  (C, 
i,  p.  471). 

Deliverance  came  at  last.  March  26,  1695,  Markham  ap- 
pears before  Council  with  an  Act  of  Restoration  of  the  Gov- 


tf  I  niggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power.  151 

eminent  to  Penn  from  the  King,  and  a  commission  from 
Penn  making  Markham  Deputy- Governor  (C,  i,  pp.  472  and 
473).  The  people  again  have  charge  of  their  government. 
They  make  no  scruple  now  about  a  Deputy-Governor  in 
Penn's  absence,  as  they  did  in  Blackwell's  advent  in  1688. 
They  had  learned  a  bitter  lesson.  But  now  legal  confusion 
reigned.  It  was  not  known  what  former  powers  were  dead, 
and  what  alive,  and  particularly  whether  Penn's  charter  from 
the  King  in  1681,  which  Fletcher  said  was  dead  when  King 
Charles  died,  or  the  charter  of  1683  were  again  in  force  or 
not.  Therefore,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  draw  up  a 
new  form  or  model  of  government  (C,  i,  pp.  485  and  486). 
The  committee  found  they  could  not  reach  a  conclusion, 
and  it  was  decided  to  treat  the  charter  of  1683  as  in  force. 
An  extraordinary  session  of  Assembly  was  called  September 
9th  (C,  i,  p.  488) ;  and  it  was  made  up  of  six  members  from 
each  County.  Markham  addressed  them,  and  said  the  cus- 
tom of  Council  proposing  all  laws  was  obsolete  ((7,  i,  p.  489). 
It  was  decided  that  either  Assembly  or  Council  could  now 
originate  laws  (C,  i,  p.  491).  But  Markham  held  on  to  the 
power  to  dissolve  the  Assembly  when  he  saw  fit  (<7,  i, 
p.  496). 

Nothing  of  importance  happened  until  the  fall  of  1696. 
Then  Council  again  became  arbitrary  and  the  result  was  the 
people  forced  a  New  Frame  of  Government,  somewhat  like 
that  of  1683.  Council  took  the  view  that  the  Frames  of 
1682  and  1683,  must  be  disregarded,  and  the  Government 
be  run  according  to  the  powers  of  the  King  Charles  charter 
of  1681.  This  charter  greatly  curbed  popular  power  as  we 
noticed  at  the  outset.  Council  reduced  Assemblymen  to 
four  for  Philadelphia  County,  four  for  New  Castle  and  three 
for  each  other  County  (C,  i,  p.  497  and  V,  i,  p.  93).  They 
called  the  Assembly  by  their  simple  writ  and  out  of  time. 
They  obeyed,  but  protested  and  demanded  to  be  settled  in 
the  Frame  of  1682  or  that  of  1683  again  (V,  i,  p.  94). 
Markham  said,  "  You  are  a  very  silent  and  close  Assembly 
which  I  believe  is  a  jealousy  that  I  will  take  away  your 


152  Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power. 

charter.  I  called  the  Assembly  by  the  powers  of  the  King's 
patent,  because  Council  think  the  Frames  of  Government 
not  in  force,  and  must  be  re-enacted  (C,  i,  p.  506)  and  ac- 
cording to  that  same  Patent  I  now  dissolve  you"  ((7,  i,  pp. 
505  and  506). 

This  led  up  to  the  granting  of  a  new  Frame  by  Markham, 
November  7, 1696  ((7,  i,  p.  507).  It  was  intended  to  oper- 
ate only  till  Penn,  who  was  soon  expected,  should  arrive. 

The  new  "Frame"  of  1696  made  the  following  changes 
from  that  of  1683.  There  were  to  be  two  members  of  Coun- 
cil elected  by  each  County  and  four  members  of  Assembly — 
the  freemen,  and  free  denizens  over  21  years  of  age,  owning 
50  acres  of  land,  and  for  two  years  or  more  resident  in  the 
province,  had  the  right  to  vote — affirmations,  attestations 
and  declarations  instead  of  an  oath  were  provided  for,  but 
all  officers  of  the  province  must  profess  Christian  belief — 
the  Council  and  the  Assembly  were  to  be  the  Judges  of  the 
qualifications  and  the  election  of  their  own  members ;  the 
deputy  governor  was  required  to  preside  over  the  Council, 
and  had  no  power  to  act  in  anything,  especially  anything 
affecting  justice,  trade  and  the  treasury  without  the  major 
part  of  the  Council  approving  the  act;  the  Council  was  to 
act  only  upon  two  thirds  (or  over)  as  a  quorum  in  all  mat- 
ters presented  by  the  Assembly;  the  Assembly  was  given 
full  power  to  prepare  and  propose  bills  to  become  laws,  the 
same  as  Council  could  do  ;  the  Governor  and  Council  should 
not  be  debarred  from  recommending  bills ;  the  Council  and 
Assembly  each  were  given  full  power  to  confer  by  commit- 
tees ;  all  bills  which  the  Governor  by  advice  and  consent  of 
Council  and  Assembly  shall  assent  to,  shall  be  laws.  The 
Assembly  were  given  the  power  to  sit  upon  their  own  ad- 
journments, and  by  committees,  and  to  continue  to  propose 
bills  and  impeach  criminals  till  the  Governor  and  Council 
should  dismiss  them,  but  be  required  to  meet  again  on  call 
by  the  Governor  and  Council ;  all  persons  were  guaranteed 
in  their  land  titles,  legal  and  equitable  against  any  molesta- 
tion except  quit-rents,  and  no  amendments  of  this  character 


Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power.  153 

taking  away  any  of  the  rights  granted,  were  to  be  affective, 
unless  agreed  to  by  six-sevenths  of  the  Assembly.  It  was, 
however,  provided  that  this  charter  should  be  good  and 
valid  only  until  Penn  should  decide  otherwise.  And  it  was 
not  to  extinguish  any  rights  that  the  people  had  under  the 
charter  from  King  Charles  or  which  Penn  granted  them 
before.  This  charter  or  Frame  was  meant  to  grant  rights 
in  addition  to  the  rights  granted  in  all  former  charters,  and 
not  simply  in  substitution  of  them  (C,  i,  p.  54). 

Nothing  of  importance  happened  until  Penn  arrived  again 
in  Pennsylvania  towards  the  end  of  the  year  1699. 

January  1,  1700,  he  quietly  appears  in  Council  and  sug- 
gests calling  an  Assembly  ((7,  i,  p.  572).  Penn  immediately 
directed  his  attention  to  the  complaint  he  heard  in  England 
(C,  i,  p.  573)  that  the  charter  of  1683  had  been  set  aside, 
and  the  members  of  Assembly  reduced  from  six  to  four  for 
each  county.  The  chief  complainants  were  Eobert  Turner, 
Griffith  Jones,  Francis  Rawle  and  Anthony  Cook,  men  of 
the  highest  standing  and  first  importance  in  the  province. 
They  wanted  the  full  number  of  Assemblymen  to  be  elect- 
ed and  then  a  joint  meeting  to  be  held  of  a  full  Assembly 
and  Council,  with  Penn,  and  that  a  new  charter  be  granted. 
Penn  allowed  and  ordered  this  (F,  i,  p.  117).  Popular 
clamor  was  loud  for  great  additions  to  the  people's  part  in 
the  Government  and  April  1,  1700,  Penn  made  a  noble 
speech  and  said  he  referred  all  to  the  people.  He  regretted 
that  a  false  notion  had  become  current  that  Council  are  sim- 
ply his  representatives  and  not  the  people's.  He  said  to 
them,  "  If  you  want  a  change  in  the  Constitution,  alter  it;  if 
new  laws,  propose  them ;  but  do  not  trifle  with  government. 
Away  with  all  parties  and  look  to  the  public  good  alone ' 
(C,  i,  p.  596).  As  to  the  charter  of  1683,  Penn  said  it  was 
not  dead;  that  the  charter  of  1696  served  only  till  Penn 
returned,  and  now  that  he  is  back,  it  is  at  an  end,  and  the 
old  charter  of  1683  is  revived  (Do.). 

April  2d,  a  grand  committee  of  Assembly,  Council  and 
Penn,  with  Growdon  as  chairman,  began  working  on  a  new 


154  Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power. 

charter  (C,  i,  p.  597).  May  10th,  the  Assembly  having 
again  its  enlarged  membership,  met ;  sat  upon  their  own 
adjournments,  twenty  days  beyond  the  old  time  limit ;  framed 
wider  powers  for  the  people;  insisted  that  the  Assembly 
alone  shall  have  the  power  to  prepare,  propose  and  originate 
all  laws,  which  Council  resisted  as  too  considerable  a  power 
to  put  in  the  people's  hands  (F,  i,  p.  119);  this  demand  they 
reiterated  with  more  force  May  17th,  and  demanded  also 
the  full  powers  of  an  Assembly ;  that  the  Governor's  Coun- 
cil must  not  be  appointive  but  be  elected  by  the  people ; 
and  that  six  of  them  must  constantly  attend  Penn  and  curb 
his  acts. 

By  June  7th,  the  Assembly  were  assured  the  confirma- 
tion of  certain  former  fundamental  laws,  viz.,  those  passed 
at  Chester — the  petition  of  rights  presented  to  Fletcher  in 
1693,  and  the  laws  made  since  the  last  date.  They  then 
agreed  that  until  a  new  charter  was  granted  they  would  be 
governed  by  Penn  under  his  patent  or  charter  of  1681,  and 
the  Act  of  Union ;  and  surrendered  to  him  the  charter  of 
1683  (C,i,  p.  612). 

October  14th,  1700,  the  new  Assembly  came  in,  and  all 
parties  renewed  the  effort  to  make  a  new  Frame  of  Govern- 
ment ( F,  i,  p.  123).  There  were  only  four  members  in  this 
Assembly  from  each  County  as  the  charter  of  1683  guaran- 
teeing six  members  was  surrendered  (Do.).  Penn  said  he 
convoked  them  because  a  new  frame  of  government  is 
needed,  and  a  body  of  laws.  He  told  them  to  attend  to 
three  objects,  (1)  revise  the  laws,  (2)  settle  property,  titles, 
etc.,  (3)  raise  a  money  supply  for  the  Government  (C,  i,  p. 
615).  By  October  19th,  they  had  drawn  a  rough  draft  of  a 
charter  ( F,  i,  p.  124)  but  the  three  Counties  of  Delaware 
were  to  have  fewer  Assemblymen  than  the  three  Counties 
composing  Pennsylvania.  November  4th,  they  determined 
to  secede  if  this  were  so.  The  Assemblymen  of  Pennsyl- 
vania told  them,  they  always  used  their  equal  power  to 
deadlock  legislation,  that  Pennsylvania  had  many  more  peo- 
ple than  they,  and  that  if  they  would  not  agree  to  a  smaller 


Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power.  155 

number  of  Assemblymen  they  sbould  secede,  and  they  did. 
This  hurt  Penn  very  much  (F,  i,  p.  130). 

The  new  charter  passed  Assembly  November  13,  1700 
(F,  i,  pp.  135  to  140),  and  November  27,  1700,  a  new  body 
of  laws  was  passed  and  the  law^s  declared  approved  by  Perm 
(C,  i,  p.  624).  The  charter,  however,  he  held  under  consid- 
eration, and  prorogued  the  Assembly  to  April  1, 1701  (Do.). 

In  this  interim,  the  body  of  laws  just  passed  did  not  meet 
public  approbation,  and  the  Assembly  of  1701  settled  down 
to  a  review  of  the  work  of  the  Assembly  of  1700  (2  St.  L.,  p. 
142).  This  Assembly  did  not  meet  until  August  1, 1701  ( F, 
i,  p.  140),  and  September  5th  Penn  told  them  to  think  out 
quickly  provisions  for  their  safety,  privileges  and  rights  in 
property,  as  he  must  soon  go  back  to  England  ((7,  ii,  pp. 
34  and  85). 

They  spent  most  of  their  time  in  securing  themselves 
against  abuses  which  they  said  the  people  suffered  from 
Penn's  land  policies,  and  mentioned  a  long  list  of  grievances, 
and  they  seemed  to  be  little  concerned  about  a  new  charter 
of  liberties  and  privileges  (F,  i,  p.  147).  Penn  was  much 
displeased,  and  said  the  land  question  was  mostly  his  affair, 
but  he  would  grant  them  relief  (F,  i,  p.  153). 

October  4th,  the  Assembly  read  the  heads  of  a  new  char- 
ter and  presented  them  to  Penn  ( F,  i,  p.  151).  He  amended 
it  and  handed  it  back  to  them  October  23d.  They  agreed 
to  the  amendments  (-Do.,  p.  161),  finished  their  debate 
October  27th,  and  the  next  day  Penn  signed  it  ( F,  i,  p.  163, 
and  (7,  ii,  p.  56). 

He  signed  also  the  re-enacted  body  of  laws  the  same  day 
(C,  ii,  p.  56).  These  laws  consisted  of  96  of  the  104  passed 
in  November,  1700,  which  were  re-enacted  (St.  L.,  ii,  pp. 
142  to  160),  and  a  few  other  laws.  And  to  make  it  clear 
that  this  code  of  1701  was  the  whole  body  of  laws,  they  re- 
pealed every  other  law  passed  from  the  first  day  of  the 
Province  to  date  (St.  -L.,ii,  p.  148). 

This  new  body  of  laws  was  a  distinct  triumph  in  the 
march  and  rise  of  popular  power.  Among  them  there  was 


156  Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power. 

one  on  liberty  of  conscience,  32  composing  a  criminal  code, 
one  regulating  interest,  3  on  the  privileges  of  freemen,  3  on 
land  titles  and  transfers,  one  on  the  care  of  the  poor,  30  on 
civil  procedure,  15  on  the  rights  and  estates  in  land,  15  on 
taxes,  governmental  regulation  and  police,  and  a  law,  mak- 
ing ground  rents  extinguishable  (St.  Z/.,  pp.  142,  148,  160). 

But  the  crowning  glory  of  all  this  work  of  nearly  20 
years  by  the  ancient  fathers  of  the  Province  and  defenders 
of  the  common  people,  was  the  new  charter  of  1701.  In 
this  charter  the  common  people  secured  popular  privileges 
in  the  freest  and  fullest  degree ;  and  it  is  no  wonder  they 
were  content  to  live  under  it  up  to  the  Eevolution.  Popular 
power  had  risen  to  a  noble  height  and  achieved  a  splendid 
triumph.  Markham's  charter  of  1686  was  liberal  indeed; 
but  this  one  vastly  surpassed  it. 

In  this  charter  Penn  recites  that  the  charter  of  1683  was 
found  not  suitable  to  the  people's  needs,  and  was  given  up 
to  him  in  May,  1700,  and  he  promised  to  restore  it  with 
amendments;  he  now  does  so  restore  a  charter  (<7,  ii,  p.  57). 
This  charter  limits  participation  in  government  to  such  as 
believe  in  Christ  as  the  Saviour.  Belief  in  God  is  not 
enough. 

It  provides  there  shall  be  a  yearly  Assembly,  chosen  by 
freemen,  consisting  of  four  members  from  each  County,  to 
meet  at  Philadelphia,  annually,  October  14th.  The  Assem- 
bly shall  be  able  to  choose  their  own  officers,  judge  of  the 
qualifications  and  elections  of  their  members,  sit  on  their 
own  adjournments,  appoint  committees,  prepare  bills  and 
pass  them  into  laws,  have  all  other  powers  and  privileges 
of  an  Assembly,  according  to  the  rights  of  free-born  sub- 
jects of  England,  including  power  to  impeach  criminals. 
The  people  also  have  in  this  charter  the  right  to  elect  a 
double  number  for  sheriffs  and  coroners  for  three  years,  out 
of  whom  the  Governor  was  required  to  select  those  he  pre- 
ferred within  three  days,  otherwise  the  one  having  the  high- 
est vote  was  entitled  to  the  office.  Criminals  were  given  the 
same  rights  and  privileges  as  to  witnesses  and  counsel  as 


Struggle  and  Else  of  Popular  Power.  157 

prosecutors  had.  No  person  could  be  compelled  to  answer 
any  complaint,  matter,  or  thing  as  to  property  before  the 
Governor  and  Council,  but  only  in  the  Courts.  No  license 

™  «/ 

to  sell  liquor  could  be  granted  by  the  Governor  unless  rec- 
ommended and  approved  by  the  Courts.  This  charter 
could  not  be  changed  or  diminished,  except  six-sevenths 
should  agree  to  the  same.  And  finally,  Penn  solemnly  con- 
firms and  grants  all  the  privileges  mentioned  in  this  charter 
to  the  people,  against  himself,  his  heirs  and  assigns  forever; 
and  lie  covenants  that  neither  he  nor  his  heirs  ever  may 
or  shall  procure  or  do  anything  whereby  the  liberties  in  the 
charter  granted  should  be  broken  or  diminished,  and  that 
anything  done  by  himself,  his  heirs,  or  by  any  one  else  con- 
trary to  the  charter  should  be  void.  The  charter  also  pro- 
vided that  if  the  three  Counties  on  the  Delaware  should 
separate  from  the  Province,  that  each  County  in  Pennsyl- 
vania should  be  entitled  to  eight  Assemblymen  and  the  City 
of  Philadelphia  to  two. 

It  is  also  to  be  noticed  that  there  is  no  mention  of  a 
Council  in  this  charter.  It  is  not  recognized  in  the  instru- 
ment. And  thus  one  of  the  greatest  bones  of  contention 
was  thrown  aside.  The  Governor,  however,  continued  to 
have  a  Council  as  his  advisers ;  but  they  were  merely  such 
persons  as  he  saw  fit  to  select  without  particular  jurisdiction 
and  powers,  instead  of  the  former  elective  councillors.  By 
this  change  Council  lost  both  its  dignity  and  power. 

Of  the  new  constitution  of  1701,  Governor  Evans  said  in 
1706,  by  it  "  the  people  forced  Penn  to  rob  himself  of  his 
rights  in  the  Government  and  in  his  property,  and  that 
David  Lloyd  was  at  the  head  of  it,  and  he  and  his  associates 
meant,  by  it,  to  overthrow  the  fundamentals  of  English 
constitution  and  establish  a  Government  more  nearly  like  a 
republic"  (0,  ii,  p.  325).  The  Assembly  replied  that  it  was 
Penn's  own  proposal;  and  was  drawn  up  by  his  cousin,  Par- 
myter  ( F,  i,  Part  2,  p.  150).  We  may  simply,  by  way  ot 
comment,  say  that,  if  Governor  Evans'  charge  is  true,  it 
proves  very  clearly  the  great  rise  and  advancement  made 


158  Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power. 

by  popular  power  in  Pennsylvania  between  1681  and  1701. 
This  gives  Pennsylvania  the  honor  of  being  first  of  all 
the  thirteen  colonies  aspiring  to  create  the  Republic  of  the 
United  States. 

Let  us  now  summarize  the  several  lines  of  the  growth  and 
rise  of  popular  power  in  Pennsylvania  during  the  score  of 
years  we  have  just  discussed. 

I.  First  in  importance  was  the  rise  of  the  power  in  the 
Assembly  to  originate  legislation.     Under  the  King's  char- 
ter the  people  could  not  do  this ;  nor  could  they  under  the 
first  Frame  of  Government.     But   they  rebelled   against, 
disregarded  and  violated  the   restriction.     They  did  pro- 
pose  laws  without  legal   power  to  do  so.     They  retraced 
their  steps  somewhat,  under  the  charter  of  1683 ;  exercised 
the  initiative  under  Blackwell;    for  a  while  gave  up  the 
power  under  Fletcher ;  re-asserted  it  under  Markham  ;  and 
firmly  grounded  and  planted  their  exclusive  right  to  pro- 
pose laws,  in  the  Constitution  of  1701,  to  which  Penn  fully 
conceded. 

II.  The  right  of  the  people's  representatives  in  Assembly 
to  control  the  procedure  of  their  own  house.     In  the  begin- 
ning the  people  had  no  voice  in  fixing  the  time,  regularity 
or  place  of  the  meetings  of  Assembly.     They  could  not  sit 
by  Committee,  nor  sit  upon  their  own  adjournments.     But 
they  gained  these  rights.     They  assert  the  right  to  arrest 
any   who  disobey   their  orders ;    they    take   the    oath    of 
secrecy ;  they  deny  the  Governor  the  right  of  veto  upon 
their  acts.     They  sit  upon  their  own  adjournments  and  by 
Committees.     They  assert  the  right  to  interpret  their  laws 
and  judge  of  their  validity;  and  by  1701,  they  have  gained 
every  power  in  legislative  procedure  known  to  the  most  lib- 
eral legislative  Assembly  anywhere. 

III.  The  people  gain  the  right  to  have  a  fixed  number 
of  Assemblymen,  regularly  elected  by  themselves.     At  first 
Penn  could  determine  how  many  representatives  there  should 
be,  or  whether  there  should  be  any,  or  whether  the  people 
should  act  simply  in  the  mass.     But  they  early  secured  the 


Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power.  159 

right  to  elect  a  part  of  their  Assemblymen  each  year  and 
later  the  entire  Assembly  annually.  At  first  the  number 
of  representatives  was  large  and  impractical ;  but  gradually 
they  fixed  upon  the  most  effective  number.  Though  once 
or  twice  the  number  was  diminished  until  it  was  nearly  as 
small  as  Council,  they  finally  increased  it  again  to  eight 
members  for  each  County  annually  elected  by  them;  and 
had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  Council  lose  its  recognition 
by  the  Charter  entirely. 

IV.  The  people  shook  the  grip  of  the  Governor  off  their 
Assembly  by  freeing  them  to  sit  upon  their  own  adjourn- 
ments, whereby  the  independence   of  the   popular  branch 
was  assured. 

V.  The  Assembly  also  gradually  beat  back  the  encroach- 
ments of  Council  upon  them.     They  forced  Council  to  give 
up  the  right  of  proposing  legislation,  the  right  of  conduct- 
ing chancery  Courts,  the  right  to  send  a  Committee  only  to 
meet  the  Assembly,  and  the  right  to  interfere  with  or  in 
any  way  dictate  to  Assembly  and  saw  it  ignored  by  the  Con- 
stitution. 

VI.  The  Assembly,  from  the 'beginning,  heard  on  peti- 
tion many  grievances  which  were  the  subjects  of  suits   in 
Courts,  and  freely  decided  what  matters  should  be  sent  to 
the  Courts  and  what  they  would   hear.     They,  as  well  as 
Council,  did  not  hesitate  to  call  judges  before  them  to  com- 
pel the  Courts  to  explain  why  the  judgments  were  not  sat- 
isfactory to   all  litigants.     They  even  sent  for  judges   and 
arrested  them.     They  did  not  hesitate  to  call  judges  who  re- 
fused to  obey  them,  "betrayers  of  the  people."     They  in- 
sisted throughout  that  the  Court  proceedings  were  at  all 
times  subject  to  the  Assembly's  supervision. 

VII.  The  Assembly  justifying  it  by  the  claim  that  they 
represented  the  people,  always  asserted  the  right  to  make 
the  Governor  and  Council  yield  to  them,  and  gradually 
by  inching   out    on  this    line,    they  brought,  in    the   end, 
both  the  Governor  and  the  Council  under  their  beck  and 
command. 


160  Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power. 

VIII.  The  fight  for  popular  power  "  generally  "  won  its 
victories  step  by  step.  Each  of  the  four  constitutions,  viz  : — 
1682-1683,  1696   and  1701,  were  more  liberal  than  what 
preceded  it,  the  Constitution  of  1682  being  itself  more  lib- 
eral than  the  King's  charter  of  1681.     Step  by  step  (except 
in  the  charter  of  1683)  in  every  branch  of  Government,  the 
appointive  power  gave  way  to  the  elective  power,  and  life 
tenures  were  abolished  and  made   definite  terms  of  office 
within  popular  disposal. 

IX.  Government  by  proprietary  ordinance,  allowed   in 
1681  by  the  King's  charter,  and  reserved  by  Penn  in  his 
charter  of  1682    and  of  1683,  fell   into    disuse   because  of 
popular  indignation,  and  was  not  recognized  in  the  charters 
of  1696  and  1701. 

X.  The  control  of  taxation,  which  in   1682  was  in  the 
proprietary  and  Council,  passed  by  constant  contest  by  the 
Assembly  into  the  people's  control  and  management. 

XI.  The  right  of  suffrage  which  first  had  to  be  exercised 
according  to  such   qualifications  as  Penn  prescribed,  was 
broadened  and  made  definite  by  the  Assembly  passing  laws 
extending  the  suffrage  in  a  very  liberal  manner  by  1701. 
And  when  it  was  so  extended,  it  was  made  sure  and  invio- 
lable by  safeguards  making  elections  free  and  voluntary, 
and  the  qualifications  certain  and  equal,  allowing  no  privi- 
leged classes. 

XII.  The  people's  rights  in  the  land  owned  by  Penn  were 
gradually  well  defined  and  guaranteed  against  the  proprietor 
and  his  heirs ;   rents  out  of  them  were  brought  to  system 
under  which  there  could  be  no  discrimination,  and  quit- 
rents,  first  intended  to  exist  forever,  could  now  be  extin- 
guished. 

XIII.  Many  other  popular  privileges  took  form  and  finally 
crystallized  into  great  fundamental  rights  in  these  twenty 
years.     The  ancient  dwellers  in  Pennsylvania  were  natural- 
ized ;  the  Germans,  also,  who  first  came  and  settled  near 
Philadelphia;   the  rights  of  freemen  were  fixed;  the  great 
law  of  79  chapters  was  passed ;  the  petition  of  rights  and  act 


Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power.  161 

of  settlement  finally  granted  and  enacted ;  the  right  of  the 
people  to  criticise  the  rulers  was  established ;  the  right  of 
the  Constitution  to  be  printed  and  disseminated  was  granted; 
the  right  and  rise  of  the  Assembly  to  be  the  recognized 
voice  of  the  people,  became  fixed.  And  a  government 
somewhat  like  a  republic  began  its  course  of  seventy-five 
years  in  Pennsylvania,  which  with  the  help  of  twelve  other 
colonies,  at  the  end  of  that  time,  had  built  the  foundation  in 
America  upon  which  the  Revolutionary  War  could  be 
fought  without  crashing  through  the  base ;  and  upon  which 
after  that  war,  the  pillars  of  the  Eepublic  were  planted  and 
have  firmly  and  safely  stood  bearing  the  tremendously  in- 
creased weight  of  years  for  a  century  and  a  quarter. 


VOL.  xxxiv. — 11 


162      "Hail  Columbia"  and  Its  First  Publication 


"HAIL   COLUMBIA'    AND    ITS   FIEST   PUBLICATION. 

A  CRITICAL  INQUIRY. 

BY   CHARLES   HENRY   HART. 

THERE  has  been  issued  recently,  by  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress, a  volume  entitled  Report  on  "  The  Star  Spangled 
Banner,"  "Hail  Columbia,"  "America"  "Yankee  Doodle" 
by  the  Chief  of  the  Department  of  Music,  Oscar  C.  T. 
Son  neck,  thirty  pages  of  which  are  devoted  to  a  history  of 
"  Hail  Columbia  "  and  its  first  publication,  but  more  espe- 
cially to  its  tune  or  music,  that  being  a  more  uncertain 
question. 

On  page  46  we  read 

"  As  might  be  expected  the  words  of  '  Hail  Columbia,' 
together  with  the  music  of  the  President's  March,  were 
published  shortly  after  the  first  public  performance  of  the 
song.  In  fact  only  two  days  had  elapsed  when  Benjamin 
Carr  inserted  the  following  advertisment.  [*] 

On  Monday  Afternoon  will  be  published  at  Carr's  Musical  Reposi- 
tory, the  very  favourite  New  Federal  Song,  Written  to  the  tune  of  the 
President's  March,  by  J.  Hopkinson,  Esq.  And  sung  by  Mr  Fox,  at 
the  New  Theatre  with  great  applause,  ornamented  with  a  very  elegant 
Portrait  of  the  President  [scil.  John  Adams']. 

"  No  copy  of  this  original  edition  of  l  Hail  Columbia '  lias 
come  to  light.  If  Carr  published  it  at  all  with  Adams3  por- 
trait, he  probably,  according  to  his  custom,  added  his 
imprint.  This  leads  me  to  now  believe,  contrary  to  my 
remarks  on  former  occasions,  that  the  edition  which  is  in 
Mr.  Louis  C.  Elson's  possession  and  which  he  reproduces  in 
facsimile  in  his  books  <  The  National  Music  of  America ' 
(1900)  and  '  History  of  American  Music  '  (1904)  is  not 
identical  with  Carr's  original  edition,  but  of  a  trifle  later 


*  Porcupine's  Gazette  for  Friday,  April  27,  1798. 


iflli 


TT  » 

ar 


*•** 


a 
o 


**»« 


«* 


X 

o 


4? 


'  Hail  Columbia  '    and  Its  First  Publication      163 

date.  Mr.  Elson's  unique  copy  shows  the  American  eagle 
instead  of  Adams9  portrait  and  it  bears  no  imprint." 

The  italics,  in  the  above  quotation,  are  mine. 

As  is  generally  known  this  song  was  written  by  Joseph 
Hopkinson,  to  be  sung  by  Gilbert  Fox  at  his  benefit,  at  the 
new  Chestnut  Street  theatre,  Philadelphia,  on  April  25, 1798, 
but  it  may  not  be  so  generally  known  that  at  first  it  was  not 
called  by  its  present  familiar  title  of  "  Hail  Columbia,"  but, 
as  in  the  advertisement  of  Carr,  a  "  New  Federal  Song, 
Written  to  the  tune  of  the  President's  March."  However, 
according  to  Mr.  Sonneck  (p.  45)  it  was  not  much  more 
than  a  week,  after  its  first  rendition,  that  it  was  announced 
in  New  York  as  "  Hail  Columbia,"  by  which  title  it  has 
ever  since  been  known. 

It  will  be  observed  that  Mr.  Sonneck  assumes,  perhaps 
not  unnaturally,  that  the  "  very  elegant  Portrait  of  the 
President,"  which  Carr  announces,  in  his  advertisement, 
will  ornament  the  song,  is  a  portrait  of  the  then  President — 
"  [scil.  John  Adams] ."  It  is  my  purpose  to  show  in  this 
he  is  mistaken ;  that  "  the  President,"  whose  portrait  was 
to  ornament  the  music,  was  Washington,  the  same  President 
for  whose  march  the  words  were  written.  This  would  be 
such  a  minor  matter  as  not  to  be  worthy  of  discussion,  were 
it  not  that  it  leads,  I  think  without  doubt,  to  determining 
the  original  edition  of  the  song  and  music,  which  Mr.  Son- 
neck  has  been  unable  to  find. 

Mr.  Sonneck  occupies  the  major  part  of  his  thirty  pages  on 
"  Hail  Columbia,"  with  an  interesting  inquiry  into  the  com- 
poser of  the  music  of  the  President's  March  and  finds, 
almost  conclusively,  that  it  was  the  work  of  one  Philip 
Phile,  a  musician  of  Philadelphia  (p.  69).  When  it  was 
composed  is  not  fixed  except  approximately,  circa  1793;  but 
there  is  no  question  but  that  the  President's  March  was 
Washington's  march. 

In  the  important  Baker  Collection  of  Washingtoniana 
belonging  to  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  is  a 
double  leaf  of  sheet-music,  with  the  title-heading  here  repro- 
duced in  facsimile.  Following  this  is  the  score,  the  same  as 


164       '  Hail  Columbia  '    and  Its  First  Publication 

in  the  facsimile  in  Elson's  National  Music  of  America,  pp. 
166-167,  commented  on  by  Sonneck,  p.  46.*  The  portrait  is 
of  Washington,  after  the  profile  by  Joseph  Wright.  What 
is  of  curious  note,  in  relation  to  the  portrait  on  the  copy 
under  consideration,  is,  that  it  is  not  engraved  on  the  plate 
with  the  music  and  printed  with  it,  but  is  a  separate  print, 
pasted  down  or  mounted  in  its  place,  at  the  top  of  the  music, 
where  Elson's  copy  has  an  eagle.  The  Elson  copy  is  also 
without  the  words  "  Behold  the  Chief  who  now  commands," 
which  would  hardly  have  applied  to  the  eagle.  It  is  also  the 
only  impression  of  this  particular  print  that  I  have  seen  in 
all  the  enormous  number  of  Washington  portraits  that  I 
have  examined,  which  is  a  crude  etching,  not  impossibly  by 
the  singer  of  the  song,  Gilbert  Fox,  who  was  an  engraver 
before  he  became  an  actor,  but  owing  to  its  mutilated  condi- 
tion could  not  be  described  in  my  Catalogue  of  the  Engraved 
Portraits  of  Washington,  though  it  is  noted  in  the  Proem, 
p.  xii.  Further  I  have  seen  three  other  copies  of  this  piece 
of  music,  each  with  a  distinctly  different  portrait  of  Wash- 
ington, all  of  them  of  the  Stuart  type,  mounted  for  a  head 
piece  above  the  inscription,  "Behold  the  Chief  who  now 
Commands."  Here  then  is  cumulative  contemporary  proof, 
of  the  highest  order,  that  Washington  was  the  President  whose 
"  very  elegant  portrait "  Carr  advertised  would  ornament  the 
New  Federal  Song  and  effectually  disposes  of  Sonneck's 
claim  that  it  was  John  Adams.  It  also  settles,  taken  in  con- 
nection with  the  opening  lines  of  the  last  verse  of  the  song, 

' '  Behold  the  Chief,  who  now  Commands 
Once  more  to  serve  his  Country  stands ' 

that  "  the  Chief  who  now  commands"  was  Washington,  who 
"  Once  more  to  serve  his  Country  stands"  and  not  Adams  as 
contended!  to  whom  these  words  could  have  no  application, 
Adams  never  having  commanded  as  Chief. 


*  Mr.  Sonneck  has  not  transcribed  the  title  of  the  Elson  copy  with 
bibliographical  exactness  as  it  is  identical  with  our  facsimile, 
f  Elson' a  National  Music  of  America,  p.  162. 


(f 


Hall  Columbia '    and  Its  First  Publication      165 


It  must  be  recalled  that  1798,  when  this  song  was  writ- 
ten, was  the  time  of  our  promised  troubles  with  France? 
sometimes  called  "  the  quasi  French  war,"  which  called 
Washington  forth  from  his  retirement  to  take  command 
"  once  more"  of  all  the  forces  raised  or  to  be  raised,  and 
that  this  song  was  a  song  of  the  occasion.  Indeed  it  was 
the  very  reason  for  the  song  being  written  and  sung.  This 
is  shown  by  the  words 

t t  Immortal  Patriots  rise  ones  more 
Defend  your  rights,  defend  your  shores" 

as  well  as  by  all  the  accounts  that  have  been  preserved  of  the 
song,  as  published  at  the  time  it  was  given  to  the  public,  and 
also  by  Judge  Hopkinson's  letter  to  Griswold*  giving  a  his- 
tory of  the  writing  of  "  Hail  Columbia."  He  writes, "  Hail 
Columbia  was  written  in  the  summer  of  1798  when  war  with 
France  was  thought  to  be  inevitable.  Congress  was  then 
in  session,  in  Philadelphia,  debating  upon  that  important 
subject  and  acts  of  hostility  had  actually  taken  place." 

It  is  clear  therefore,  from  what  we  have  shown,  that  Wash- 
ington is  the  President  referred  to  in  Carr's  advertisement 
and  that  this  sheet  of  music,  in  the  Baker  Collection  of  the 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  with  Washington's  por- 
trait upon  it,  is,  with  but  as  little  doubt,  the  original  first  edition 
of"  Hail  Columbia,"  and  confirms  the  views  of  Mr.  Sonneck, 
though  not  for  his  reasons,  that  the  Elson  copy  is  "  of  a 
trifle  later  date,"  or,  more  correctly,  is  a  later  impression 
from  the  original  plate.  This  is  shown  by  the  erasing  of  the 
words  u  Behold  the  Chief,"  etc.,  and  introducing  the  eagle  in 
place  of  the  portrait,  which  Mr.  Elson  informs  me  is  en- 
graved upon  the  plate  and  not  mounted,  as  are  the  portraits 
of  Washington  I  have  seen  upon  the  four  different  copies  of 
this  impression  of  "  Hail  Columbia"  that  have  come  under 
my  notice.  I  am  glad  to  add,  although  this  is  not  a  book 
review,  that  Mr.  Son  neck's  work  is  a  distinctly  valuable  con- 
tribution to  the  literature  of  an  important  subject. 


*  Sonneck,  p.  43. 


166        General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777. 


ORDERLY    BOOK    OF   GEN.    JOHN   PETER   GABRIKL 
MUHLENBERG,  MARCH  26-DECEMBER  20,  1777. 

(Continued  from  page  40.) 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  MORRIS  TOWN  July  6th  1777 

Majr  Gen1  Tomorrow Ld  Sterling 

Brigr Woodford 

Field  Officers  .     .    Col°  Stephens  &  Majr  Davis 
Brigade  Major Day 

A  Court  of  enquiry  to  set  tomorrow  morning  at  some 
convenient  place  to  enquire  into  the  conduct  of  the  Artillery 
Officers  whoes  field  pieces  were  lost  in  the  Action  of  the  26 
June  last,  the  Court  to  consist  of  5  Members  Col°  Broad- 
head,  President;  the  Court  is  appointed  by  the  request  of 
those  Officers.  The  Commr  in  Chief  has  observed  with  con- 
cern notwithstanding  the  orders  of  1st  June  last  requiring 
all  Officers  of  Corps  not  sick  or  on  other  duty  to  attend  the 
parade  daily  at  the  Time  of  Exercise  to  learn  and  perform 
their  duty,  yet  there  are  a  very  great  Neglect,  he  wishes  it 
to  be  impress'd  upon  the  mind  of  every  Officer  that  noth- 
ing can  be  more  hurtful  than  the  neglect  of  discipline,  for 
that  discipline  more  than  numbers  gives  one  Army  the 
superiority  over  another ;  he  therefore  in  the  most  positive 
manner  requires  all  Officers  to  attend  the  Parade  and  exer- 
cise agreable  to  the  Orders  above  mentioned,  and  that  the 
Commg  Officers  of  Corps  put  under  an  arrest  any  who  fail 
of  an  exact  observance  of  them,  and  whenever  Corps  and 
Brigades  assemble  for  exercise  every  Officer  is  to  take  and 
keep  his  proper  post,  such  as  have  command  directing  those 
men  only  who  is  under  their  immediate  care  and  that  in 
such  manner  as  not  to  interfear  with  or  delay  the  Execution 
of  the  orders,  of  the  Execution  of  the  exercising  Officers, 


General  Mvhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        167 

these  who  appear  to  be  least  acquainted  with  Exercise  are 
daily  when  off  duty  to  be  sent  to  the  drill  and  particular 
care  taken  to  intrust  them,  and  the  more  effectually  pro- 
mote Millitary  Discipline  in  the  Army,  the  Officers  must  set 
the  Example  of  a  close  attention  to  that  point  assembling 
frequently  each  Quore  by  themselves  and  learning  with  dil- 
igence the  Manuel  Exercise  and  the  most  useful  Manuvres 
together  with  the  easy  salute  already  directed  in  G.  0.  such 
a  practice  cannot  fail  of  producing  the  best  effects  and  noth- 
ing can  do  the  Officers  more  honour,  they  will  know  their 
own  duty  and  what  they  have  a  right  to  expect  from  all 
who  are  under  their  Command.  The  men  exicted  by  the 
Example  will  eagerly  embrace  every  Opt'y  to  improve  in 
the  Military  Art,  and  the  army  be  inspired  with  an  Emu- 
lation to  become  good  Soldiers. 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  MORRIS  TOWN  July  7th  1777 

Parole  C  Sign 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow     ....   Lincoln 

Brigr Maxwell 

Field  Officers      .     Col°  Martin  &  Majr  Howell 
Brigade  Major Witherspoon 

The  Gen1  expects  the  strictest  attention  will  be  paid  to  the 
order  of  the  20th  of  last  Month  for  sizing  the  Men,  and  plac- 
ing the  shortest,  in  front,  unless  this  is  done  the  whole  fire 
of  the  rear  Rank  will  most  assuredly  be  lost  especially  if  the 
files  should  happen  (as  it  is  but  too  often  the  case)  to  be 
crowded  together.  The  Commr  in  Chief  approves  the  fol- 
lowing sentences  of  a  Gen1  Court  Martial  held  the  6th  Ins* 
of  which  Col°  Walter  Stewart  was  president :  John  Half- 
penny of  the  10th  Virga  Regfc  charged  with  getting  drunk 
raising  a  Riot  and  abusing  his  Officers.  No  evidence  ap- 
pearing against  him  the  Court  ordered  him  to  be  released 
from  confinement.  Human  Wincash  of  the  German  Regfc 
charg'd  with  mutiny  neglecting  his  duty  absenting  himself 
from  his  Company  and  refusing  to  take  his  Arms  and  ac- 


168        General  Mukleiib  erg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

coutriments,  the  Court  after  considering  the  charge  and 
Evidence  are  of  Opinion  the  prisoner  is  Guilty  of  all  the 
charges  Exhibited  against  him  save  that  of  Mutiny,  sen- 
tenced to  receive  39  Lashes  on  his  bare  back.  Dennis 
O'Bryan  a  Soldier  belonging  to  the  North  Carolina  Detach- 
ment under  the  Commd  of  Col°  Sumner  charg'd  with 
having  deserted  from  that  detachment,  the  Prisoner  pleaded 
Guilty ;  that  it  appearing  to  the  Court  he  is  incapable  of 
rendering  any  service  to  the  Country  as  he  appears  to  be 
debilitated  in  body  and  a  stupid,  foolish  person,  have  sen- 
tenced him  to  be  drum'd  out  of  the  Service. 

It  being  injurious  to  the  health  of  the  Soldiers  on  account 
of  the  foulness  of  the  water  and  utterly  inconsistent  with 
decency  for  them  to  bathe  in  the  Mill  pond  by  Howell's 
Mills  near  the  high  road  leading  from  Head  Quarters  to  the 
Court  house,  this  practice  is  absolutely  forbidden,  and  the 
Guard  and  Sentries  plac'd  near  thereto  are  to  take  up  all 
Offenders.  Pay  Rolls  for  the  several  Regts  and  Corps  for 
the  Month  of  June  to  be  made  out  Immediately  and  lodg'd 
with  the  Pay  Master  Gen1.  Col°  Morgan's  Corps  being  of 
Riffle  Men  not  being  annexed  to  any  Brigade,  are  to  draw 
Provisions  from  the  Commissary  nearest  the  place  where 
they  may  happen  to  be  stationed. 

A  case  of  Pocket  Sergical  Instruments  were  lost  the 
day  the  Army  march 'd  from  Middle  Brook  to  Morris  Town, 
the  finder  of  them  is  desired  to  return  them  to  the  Surgeon 
of  the  2nd  Yirga  Rege  and  he  shall  be  duly  rewarded  for  his 
trouble.  A  servant  boy  ab'  10  years  old  with  a  Leathern 
Cap,  Swanskin  vest,  a  drab  Cloth  coat  turn'd  up  with  blue, 
with  Ozenbrigg  trousers,  has  been  missing  some  days  his 
Name  Jacob  Cook  he  is  supposed  to  be  lurking  about  the 
Camp,  it  is  requested  when  found  that  he  may  be  sent  to 
Mr  McCoys  at  Morris  Town. 

B.  O.  July  7th  1777. 

1  Sub.  and  30  men  to  attend  tomorrow  morning  at  6 

o 

o'clock  to  make  temper*  Ovens  for  the  different  Regts  agre- 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777.        169 

able  to  Gen1  Orders,  if  there  is  any  Masons  they  are  to  turn 
out  to  see  that  the  work  is  done  properly,  the  fatigue  Party 
to  be  ready  exactly  at  6  o'clock  when  the  Brigade  Qr  Mas- 
ter will  attend  and  have  the  Ovens  made  adjacent  to  the 
Diff*  Reg*8. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  MORRIS  TOWN  July  8th  1777. 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow    ....      Greene 

Brigr Muhlenburgh 

Field  Officers          Col°  Lewis  &  Majr  Woltner 
Brigade  Major Swain 

The  Court  which  Col°  Broadhead  was  President  of  ap- 
pointed to  examine  into  the  Conduct  of  the  Artillery  Offi- 
cers Viz*  Cap*  Yarstow  his  Officers  and  Cap*  L*  Archabod 
whoes  pieces  were  lost  in  the  action  of  the  26  of  last  month, 
report  that  having  examined  Davis's  Officers  whose  names 
are  mentioned  relative  thereto,  they  are  opinion  that  Cap* 
Eustace  and  his  Officers  behav'd  with  becoming  behaviour 
and  good  conduct  during  the  whole  action,  and  that  the  loss 
of  the  field  pieces  was  inevitable,  they  being  left  in  the  Rear 
unsupported. 

As  the  Ground  which  some  part  of  the  troops  encamp 
may  be  less  dry  and  healthy  than  others  in  the  Neighbour- 
hood and  not  so  well  watered,  the  Majr  Genls  are  desired  in 
such  cases  to  shift  the  Encampments  of  their  different  divi- 
sions or  such  parts  of  them  as  they  shall  judge  necessary  the 
better  to  preserve  the  health  of  the  Soldiers.  As  foggy  and 
dewy  mornings  may  be  less  favourable  to  the  health  of  the 
Soldiers  than  other  parts  of  the  day,  Commg  Officers  will 
in  such  cases  postpone  turning  out  their  men  till  the  close 
or  other  part  of  the  day  as  they  and  their  Surgeons  shall 
judge  most  expedient.  Canteens,  Tomahawks  and  other 
Camp  utensils  must  be  very  beneficial  to  the  troops,  but  un- 
less more  care  can  be  taken  to  preserve  them,  it  will  be  Im- 
practicable to  supply  them,  the  Qr  M.  G.  therefore  in  issuing 
those  Articles  will  charge  them  to  their  Respective  Qr  Mas- 


170        General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777. 

ters  of  Regts  and  Corps,  those  Qr  Masters  to  the  Capts  or, 
Commg  Officers  of  Compys  and  they  to  their  men  each  to 
account  with  the  other  in  order  preceeding  and  the  Cap*  and 
Officers  Commanding  Companies  are  every  Saturday  to  ex- 
amine the  Clothes,  accoutriments,  ammunition  &  Camp  Uten- 
sils of  their  men  that  if  any  are  missing  and  a  good  account 
of  them  cannot  be  rendered,  the  person  found  deficient 
may  be  answerable  for  them ;  in  vain  are  orders  given  and 
repeated  if  after  one  cursury  reading  are  thrown  by  and  neg- 
lected, many  orders  are  intended  for  standing  Regulations 
and  of  great  Importance  to  be  known  and  remembered. 
The  Commr  in  Chief  therefore  in  the  strongest  terms  enjoins 
upon  all  Officers  to  examine  the  orderly  books  and  frequently 
review  the  standing  orders  and  as  often  cause  it  to  be  read 
to  the  men,  such  as  respect  them.  A  return  of  Tents  in 
each  Reg4  to  be  made  this  day  at  4  o'clock  this  afternoon  to 
the  Q.  M.  G.  such  Regts  as  have  not  Received  a  Horse-mans 
Tent  are  to  apply  to  the  Q.  M.  G.  as  soon  as  may  be  for  a 
supply. 

B.  0.  The  whole  of  the  Drummers  and  fifers  to  Parade 
from  the  Different  Regts  with  the  Men  for  Guard  tomorrow. 

Or dci-  of  March. 

The  whole  Army  is  to  March  in  one  Column  by  subdi- 
visions at  half  distance  from  the  Left.  Gen1  Ld  Sterling's 
division  is  to  lead  and  furnish  the  Vanguard  as  hereafter 
directed.  Gen1  Lincoln  is  to  follow,  Gen1  Stevens  next,  and 
Gen1  Greene  last  and  to  furnish  the  Rear  Guard.  The  Park 
of  Artillery  to  move  between  Gen1  Lincolns  and  Gen1  Steph- 
ens Divisions.  The  artillery  of  each  Brigade  is  to  continue 
with  it  and  be  equally  in  front  and  Rear.  The  horse  except 
the  orderlys  hereafter  mentioned  are  to  be  equally  divided. 
The  second  or  Front  Division  to  preceed  Gen1  Maxwells 
Brigade  the  front  or  rear  Division,  to  follow  Gen1  Muhlen- 
burgh's  Brig6  the  latter  under  Commd  of  the  Senr  Officer  of 
horse  the  former  under  the  next  Officer  in  Commd  Gen' 
Maxwells  brigade  is  to  compose  the  Vanguard  and  to  march 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        171 

one  mile  in  advance  of  the  column,  from  the  Brigade  a 
Major  with  proper  Officers  and  one  hundred  men  Rank  and 
file  is  to  be  detach'd  and  march  half  a  mile  in  front  of  the 
Brigade,  proceeded  by  one  half  of  the  horse,  of  the  second 
Division  who  are  to  examine  in  all  defiles  and  suspected 
Places  before  the  first  enters  them,  the  Pioneers  with  half 
the  Artificers  are  to  march  in  the  rear  of  the  Majrs  Guard 
and  repair  the  Bridges  &c  as  they  go,  the  rest  of  Artificers 
to  attend  the  line  of  Waggons.  Gen1  Muhlenburg's  Brig6  is 
to  form  the  Rear  Guard  and  march  five  hundred  paces  in 
the  rear  of  the  Column  from  this  Brige  a  Reg*  is  to  be  De- 
tach'd to  inarch  two  hundred  paces  in  the  rear  thereof  and 
pick  up  and  bring  in  all  straglers,  in  aid  of  this  a  party  of 
20  Light  horse  from  the  rear  division  under  the  care  of  an 
Officer  is  to  follow,  who  are  to  search  the  houses  along  the 
Road  for  the  Schulking  Soldiers.  Each  Brig6  is  to  keep  out 
a  flanking  Party  of  50  Men  on  its  right  Flank  the  Vanguard 
and  rear  Guards  will  also  keep  out  light  Flanking  Parties 
in  proportion  to  their  Numbers,  the  Vanguard  is  to  keep  out 
flanking  Parties  as  well  as  the  right.  Each  Majr  Gen1  dur- 
ing their  march  is  to  be  attended  by  4  light  horse  men,  as 
orderly,  the  waggon  with  ammunition  to  march  in  the  rear 
of  each  division  together  with  empty  Waggons,  to  take  up 
such  men  as  fall  sick  on  the  way.  The  baggage  wagons  are 
to  march  in  the  same  order  in  which  the  troops  they  belong 
to  march  in  the  line.  The  Waggons  Contain*  intrenching 
tools  are  to  move  in  the  front  of  the  column  of  Baggage. 
Those  Cont*  Biscuit  are  also  to  get  with  the  Baggage.  The 
Sutlers  attach'd  to  Regts  and  none  others,  are  suffered  to  go 
in  the  line  of  Waggons  and  are  to  move  their  Waggons  in  the 
rear  of  all  the  Waggons.  The  Tents  are  to  be  loaded  in 
Waggons  by  themselves  and  follow  their  Respective  Brigades 
to  which  they  belong,  the  baggage  Waggons  are  to  halt  be- 
fore they  come  into  the  road  which  intercept  that  leading 
from  towards  Pumpton  and  fall  in  the  rear  of  the  Army, 
besides  these  Regulations  made  in  G.  O.  of  the  4th  Insfc  Re- 
specting a  march,  is  to  be  strictly  observ'd  except  so  far  as 


172        General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777. 

the  present  orders  differ  from  them  and  each  Brigr  see  im- 
mediately that  the  Officers  of  his  Brigade  are  provided  with 
copies  of  these  regulations  agreable  to  orders.  The  Q.  M. 
G.  will  direct  the  order  in  which  his  own  the  Commissary 
Gen1  pay  Master  Gen1,  Hospital  and  spare  ammunition  Wag- 
gons shall  move. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Morris  Town  July  9th  1777 

Parole  C.  Sign 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow    ....     Stevens 

Brigr Wayne 

Field  Officers  Col°  Hartley  &  Lt  Col°  Fibiger 
Brigade  Major Ryon 

In  the  G.  0.  of  the  1st  Instant  returns  of  the  Sick  in 
Camp  and  to  be  sign'd  by  the  Surgeon  of  each  Reg*  where 
directed  to  be  made  out  every  Tuesday  and  Friday  at  9 
o'clock  in  the  morning  to  the  Surgeon  Gen1  of  the  Army 
which  has  not  been  done  nor  have  returns  of  other  kinds 
been  regularly  made  when  calPd  for:  such  Neglects  are 
greatly  prejudicive  to  the  service  :  All  persons  concern'd  are 
therefore  enjoin'd  to  make  due  returns  in  future  and  any 
one  who  fail  in  doing  it  may  depend  on  being  arrest'd. 

Guards  ICap*  2  Sub.  3  Serf  2  Corp8  39  Privates  Fatigue  7, 
the  guards  which  are  reliev'd  daily  are  to  send  a  Serj*  or 
Corp1  to  the  Grand  Parade  at  8  o'clock  in  the  Morning  to 
Conduct  the  New  Guards  to  their  Post. 

G.  O.         HEAD  QUARTERS  MORRIS  TOWN  July  10th  1777 

Majr  Gen1  for  the  day     ...        Ld  Sterling 

Brig' Weedon 

Field  Officers  Col°  Johnson  &  Major  Nicholas 
Brigade  Major Peers. 

Every  Brigade  which  has  not  furnish'd  its  Quota  of 
Pioneers  to  the  Q.  M.  G.  will  do  it  immediately  and  have 
them  sent  to  his  Quarters.  Gen1  Wayn's  Briga  to  furnish 


General  MMenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        173 

10  Men  &  Gen1  Dehaas  10,  such  as  are  fit  for  the  purpose. 
The  tents  of  the  whole  army  to  be  struck  tomorrow  morn- 
ing at  Gun  firing,  and  pack'd  up  ready  for  marching  with 
the  utmost  speed,  the  line  of  march  to  begin  afterwards  as 
soon  as  possible ;  all  baggage  waggons  (those  with  Tents 
excepted)  are  to  move  this  afternoon  towards  Boon  Town 
to  a  place  appointed  by  Gen1  Mifflin.  Guards  for  which  is 
to  be  supplied  in  the  following  manner,  each  Brig*  furnishes 
1  Cap*  2  Sub.  &  30  Men,  and  each  division  a  field  Officer 
that  from  Gen1  Green's  to  be  Col°  Command*.  Women  are 
to  March  with  the  Baggage.  2  Days  provision  to  be  ready 
and  Cook'd  this  afternoon.  Canteens  all  to  be  fill'd  with 
Water  before  the  March  begins,  as  no  Soldier  will  be  per- 
mitted to  leave  his  ranks  on  that  account.  The  three  R. 
Guards  on  the  Chattoons,  Pumpton  and  Middle  Brook 
Roads,  will  quit  their  post  at  Gun  firing  tomorrow  morning, 
and  join  their  respective  Corps  without  delay,  all  other 
Guards  will  attend  their  duty  in  several  departments  were 
they  are  plac'd,  until  they  are  relieved — moving  with  their 
charge  respectively. 

N.  B.  the  order  of  march  wrong  enter 'd  2  Leaves  to  the 
left  which  refer  to  and  read  here. 

G.  0.      HEAD  QUARTERS  PUMPTON  PLAINS  July  11th  1777 

Parole  C.  Sign 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow  ....     Greene 

Brigr Woodford 

Field  Officers 

Brigade  Major Day 

The  army  to  pitch  their  Tents  tonight  and  tomorrow 
morning  at  Gun  firing,  if  the  weather  is  good  to  strike 
them  and  prepare  every  thing  with  the  greatest  dispatch 
for  a  March.  In  case  of  Rain  in  the  morning  the  tents  are 
to  remain  standing  unless  particular  orders  are  given  to  the 
Contrary.  No  kind  of  baggage  except  tents  to  be  taken 
out  of  the  Waggons.  Immediately  after  the  Morning  Gun 


174        General  MuJilenberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777. 

the  Gen1  to  be  beaten  through  the  Line,  instead  of  the 
Revellie,  Two  Field  Pieces  fir'd  from  the  Park  of  Artillery, 
to  be  the  Signal  for  Marching.  The  same  order  of  march 
to  be  in  force  tomorrow. 

The  separate  Column  of  Baggage  to  march  under  the 
direction  and  agreeable  to  the  orders  of  the  Q.  M.  G. 

Each  division  will  station  the  Necessary  Guard  abo*  its 
own  encampment. 

G.  O.      HEAD  QUARTERS  PUMPTON  PLAINS  July  12th  1777 

Parole  C.  Sign 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow       .     .     .     Stephens 

Brigr Scott 

Field  Officers  Col°  Simmer  &  L1  Col°  Nelson 
Brigade  Major Johnson 

As  the  foul  weather  prevents  the  Marching  of  the  Troops 
to-day,  they  are  to  draw  two  days  Provision  and  Cook  them 
immediately.  Complaint  has  been  made  to  the  Commr  in 
Chief  that  some  Soldiers  pull  down  the  fence  to  burn  and 
lay  open  the  fields  of  the  Inhabitants,  he  enjoins  it  upon 
the  Officers  to  use  the  utmost  care  and  watchfulness  to  pre- 
vent this  Practice,  and  whoever  is  found  Guilty  of  it  shall 
be  severely  punished. 

The  same  orders  that  was  given  last  evening  are  to  deter- 
mine and  regulate  the  march  tomorrow. 

G.  O.        HEAD  QUARTERS  PUMPTON  PLAINS  July  13th  1777 

Parole  C.  Sign 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow     ....  Sterling 

Brigr Conway 

Field  Officers  Col°  Spotewood  &  Majr  Williams 
Brigade  Major Tar  ling 

The  Commr  in  Chief  approves  the  following  Sentences  of 
a  Gen1  Court  Martial  held  the  7th  8  &  9th  Ins1,  and  orders 
that  they  be  put  in  Execution  forthwith. 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        175 

Lieu*  Alexr  Cummins  of  the  1st  Virga  Reg*  charg'd  with 
messing  with  Soldiers  and  speaking  disrespectfully  of  the 
Commff  Officer  of  the  Reg*  and  with  carrying  a  soldier 
belonging  to  the  first  Reg*  away  with  him.  The  Court 
having  no  evidence  to  prove  the  charge  of  speaking  disre- 
spectful words  of  the  Comm2  Officer  of  the  Reg*,  cannot 
determine  whether  he  is  Guilty  or  no  Guilty  of  the  charge, 
are  of  Opinion  Considering  the  particular  Circumstances  of 
the  matter  as  to  the  charge  of  messing  with  Soldiers  related 
by  the  Prisoner  and  having  no  evidence  to  prove  the  con- 
trary, that  he  should  be  repremanded  by  the  Commg  Officer 
of  the  Reg*  at  the  head  of  the  Reg*  he  belongs -to.  . 

A  Court  to  excuse  the  Prisoner  for  taking  a  Soldier  away 
with  him  from  the  Reg*  Considering  the  bad  state  of  health 
he  was  in  [torn] . 

John  Walker  a  Serj1  in  Cap*  Steel's  indipendent  Compy 
charg'd  with  absenting  himself  twelve  days  from  his  Com- 
pany without  leave,  pleads  Guilty,  but  pleads  he  was  return- 
ing to  his  Com7  when  taken  up,  sentenced  to  be  repremanded 
at  the  head  of  his  Compy  and  one  months  pay  to  be  stop'd 
from  him. 

Antony  Estart  charg'd  with  same  Crimes  as  Walker, 
belonging  to  Cap*  Steel's  independant  Company,  sentenced 
Ditto. 

John  Grant  of  the  14th  Virg*  Reg4  charg'd  with  sleeping 
on  his  post,  pleaded  Guilty,  and  sentenced  to  receive  25 
lashes  on  his  bare  back,  but  it  appearing  in  evidence  that  he 
was  a  good  orderly  well  behav'd  Soldier,  and  that  he  was 
probably  unwell  when  on  Sentry,  the  Commr  in  Chief  remits 
the  Punishment. 

Lieu*  Sam1  Smith  of  the  8  Pensilvania  Reg*  charg'd 
with  ungentlemanly  behaviour  in  the  Reg*  and  disobedience 
of  Orders  acquitted  of  the  charge  of  ungentlemanly 
behaviour  but  found  Guilty  of  disobedience  of  orders,  not 
attending  the  Parade  as  constant  at  ordinary  times  as  he 
ought  to  have  done,  sentenced  to  be  severely  repremanded 
in  G.  0. 


176        General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

The  Coramr  in  Chief  is  extreamly  sorry  that  an  Officer  of 
whom  it  is  testified  that  in  a  post  of  danger  he  behav'd  with 
prudence  and  spirit,  should  be  guilty  of  neglect  of  discipline 
which  is  so  essential  to  furnish  Good  Soldiers,  a  neglect  so 
contrary  to  orders  highly  injurious  to  the  Service  and  dis- 
graceful to  the  subject  of  it;  A  neglect  for  which  neither 
prudence  nor  bravery  can  compensate  and  which  if  persisted 
in,  must  be  an  inefectual  bar  to  promotion. 

John  Dehardy  of  the  Artillery,  charged  with  stabbing 
Lieu*  Carrington  of  the  7th  Virga  Reg*,  the  Court  having 
considered  the  Charge  and  Evidence  are  of  opinion  the 
Prisoner  is  Guilty  of  the  Charge  and  likewise  of  opinion 
that  though  the  Prisoner  is  Guilty  of  the  charge  against 
him  he  was  justifiable  in  doing  it  as  he  was  acting  in  the  way 
of  his  duty. 

As  the  weather  is  bad  and  the  ground  whet  the  Gen1 
orders  a  Gill  of  Rum  be  serv'd  to  each  man  Immediately. 

From  intelligence  lately  rec'd  the  Gen1  informs  the  Army, 
that  it  is  Possible  the  next  move  of  the  Army  may  be  to- 
wards the  Deleware  but  desires  no  steps  may  be  taken 
towards  it  till  further  orders. 

Tho8  Fisdick  Esqr  was  on  the  first  Instant  appointed 
Brig"  Majr  to  Brigr  Gen1  Glover,  and  is  to  be  obeyed  and 
respected  as  such. 

Roger  Alden  Esqf  is  appointed  Brig'  Majr  to  Gen1  Hunt- 
ingdon and  is  to  be  respected  and  obeyed  as  such. 

G.  0. 

HEAD  QUARTERS  VAN  AULEEDS,  July  14th  1777. 

Parole.    Danvers       C.  Sign    Dunkirk  Dedhand 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow    ....    Greene 

Brigr Maxwell 

Field  Officers  Col°  Matthews  &  Majr  Lamar 
Brig6  Major Spots  wood 

Each  Majr  Gen1  will  order  the  Guards  necessary  for  the 
Security  of  his  own  division  and  the  Q.  M.  G.  with  his 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        177 

deputy,  will  mark  out  the  Ground  for  the  Encampment  for 
his  Division  tomorrow,  and  as  the  Army  will  arrive  at  its 
ground  early  in  the  day,  as  soon  as  the  men  are  settled  in 
their  Encampments,  the  Officers  are  Crittically  to  examine 
their  Arms  and  accoutriments  and  have  them  put  in  the 
best  order  Possible. 

The  Commr  in  Chief  was  surprised  to-day  to  see  the  bad 
condition  of  many  Arms,  they  being  not  only  unfit  for  fire 
but  very  rusty,  which  latter  defect  is  certainly  in  the  power 
of  every  man  to  prevent,  and  the  neglect  of  it  must  arrive 
from  an  inexcusable  inattention  of  the  Officers. 

The  Tents  are  to  be  struck  at  Gun  firing  tomorrow 
Morning  (which  will  be  at  the  usual  time)  and  the  whole 
Army  got  ready  to  March  at  5  o'clock,  one  field  Piece  is  to 
be  the  signal  for  the  March  to  begin,  and  as  the  Baggage  of 
each  Brigade  will  join  its  Brigade  it  is  to  follow  close  after 
it  tomorrow. 

The  whole  Army  to  March  oft"  from  the  left  by  half  Plat- 
toons,  the  Brigades  following  each  other  in  the  order 
observed  this  day,  saving  that  the  baggage  (as  before 
directed)  will  immediately  follow  the  Brigades  to  which  it 
belongs,  as  the  distance  is  not  great,  no  part  of  the  Army  is 
to  halt  till  it  arrives  at  the  Ground  for  Encampment.  If  it 
should  Rain  tomorrow  morning  the  Army  is  to  remain  in 
its  present  Encampment. 

B.  0.  CLOVE,  July  15th  1777. 

Each  Brigade  to  furnish  a  Sub.  Serj*  Corp1  &  25  Privates 
for  Guards  upon  the  different  Roads  to-night ;  Col°  Sheldon 
to  furnish  20  Light  horse  to  advance  on  the  Roads  agreable 
to  orders  they  will  receive  their  orders  from  Gen1  Maxwell. 
The  whole  Guards  to  Parade  near  Head  Quarters  at  4 
o'clock  this  afternoon. 

B.  O.  July  15th  1777 

Those  Soldiers  whose  Musquets  are  loaded  and  cannot  be 
drawn,  are  to  be  selected  immediately  by  the  Officers  Comme 
Regts  and  March  to  the  right  of  the  Brigade  to  discharge 
VOL.  xxxiv — 12 


178        General  MMeriberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777. 

them.  Gen1  Muhlenburgh  will  there  give  them  directions,  as 
soon  as  this  is  done  the  men  are  immediately  to  clean  and 
put  their  arms  in  the  best  order ;  should  any  be  found  defi- 
cient when  examined  on  the  Parade  tomorrow  morning, 
they  may  expect  to  be  punished. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  CLOVE  July  15th  1777 

Major  Gen1   for  tomorrow         .     .     .     Stevens 

Brigr Muhlenburgh 

Field   Officers  Col°  Lawson    and  Major  Murry 
Brige  Majr Swaine 

It  was  yesterday  directed  in  G.  0.  that  neither  Officer 
nor  Soldier  should  pay  a  Salute  or  pull  off  their  Hatt  to  the 
Commr  in  Chief  or  other  Officer  passing  by,  and  the  total 
disregard  of  the  order  is  a  proof  how  little  pains  Officers 
take  to  acquaint  either  themselves  or  their  men  with  the 
orders  of  the  day;  other  orders  issued  the  4th  Instant  re- 
specting the  march  of  the  Army  are  also  neglected  in  in- 
stances which  come  under  the  observation  of  the  Commr  in 
Chief  which  cannot  be  presumed  to  arise  from  any  other 
cause  than  ignorance  of  those  orders,  for  the  future  there- 
fore, all  Officers  are  each  day  to  make  themselves  acquainted 
with  the  orders  of  it  and  with  respect  to  the  orders  refer'd 
to  of  the  4th  Ins*.  The  Commr  in  Chief  directs  that  the 
Brigr  as  soon  as  possible  call  together  the  Officers  command- 
ing Corps  in  their  respective  Brigades  and  read  to  them  those 
orders,  and  the  Commg  Officers  of  Corps  are  in  like  man- 
ner required  to  assemble  all  the  Officers  in  their  Respective 
Corps  and  read  to  them  the  same  orders,  and  all  who  are 
not  already  provided  are  forthwith  required  to  furnish  them- 
selves with  copies  of  them  and  still  more  efectually  to  exe- 
cute those  orders,  each  Brigr  to  appoint  a  field  Officer  to 
attend  the  duty  of  his  Brigade  and  particularly  of  the  wag- 
gons belonging  to  it,  whose  business  it  shall  be  to  ride  back- 
wards and  forwards  along  the  line,  to  see  the  march  con- 
ducted with  propriety  and  agreable  to  order.  Advantage  is 


General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        179 

to  be  taken  of  the  present  halt  to  get  horses  shod  and  wag- 
gons repaired.  No  delay  to  be  made  in  this  matter,  as  it  is 
very  uncertain  how  soon  the  Army  may  move  again,  for  the 
same  reason  all  Officers  &  Soldiers  are  to  keep  near  their 
Quarters  and  on  no  Pretence  to  ramble  about  the  Country 
without  leave  Officers  from  their  Brigrs,  Soldiers  from  their 
Col08  or  Officers  Commg  them,  all  Waggoners  to  join  their 
respective  Brigades  and  get  in  proper  order  for  marching. 
When  the  Army  moves  again  the  Officers  and  Waggon 
Masters  to  see  that  they  are  more  equally  loaded  than  they 
have  been.  When  any  man  falls  sick  on  the  March,  they 
are  not  to  be  put  in  the  heavy  loaded  Baggage  Waggons,  but 
left  to  be  taken  up  by  the  Empty  Waggons  which  follow  in 
the  rear  for  that  end. 

The  Commgg  Officers  of  Corps  are  immediately  to  make 
returns  to  the  Adj*  Gen1  of  the  Clothes  wanting  most  in 
their  respective  Corps,  and  as  the  Quantity  of  Clothing  is 
not  great,  the  Commr  in  Chief  earnestly  desires  that  Officers 
will  make  returns  for  no  more  than  is  indispensibly  neces- 
sary for  their  men. 

B.  O.  July  16th  1777 

The  Field  Officers  of  the  Brigade  to  meet  at  4  o'clock 
precisely  at  Gen1  Muhlenburghs  tent,  when  Majr  Gen1  Greene 
will  be  present.  By  order  of  Gen1  Muhlenburgh. 

F.  SWAINE  B.  M. 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  July  16th  1777 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow   .     .     .     Ld  Sterling 

Brigr Wayne 

Field  Officers   Col°  Spencer  L*  Col°  Parker 
Brig6  Majr Ryon 

The  Gen1  Court  Martial  whereof  Col°  Chambers  was 
President  is  dissolv'd.  A  Gen1  Court  Martial  is  to  set 
at  10  o'clock  this  forenoon,  near  Gen1  Maxwells  Quar- 
ters for  the  tryal  of  all  Prisoners  who  shall  be  brought 


180        General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777. 

before  them,  Col°  Shreve  is  appointed    President  of  this 
Court, 

The  Commr  in  Chief  expects  that  all  Officers  will  make 
it  their  Business  to  see  that  the  orders  Issued  respecting 
the  destruction  of  the  Property  of  the  Inhabitants  are  Par- 
ticularly attended  to  at  all  times. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  CLOVE  July  17th  1777 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow     ....     Greene 

Brigr Weedon 

Field   Officers  L<  Col°  Willis  and  Majr  Hay 
Brig6  Major Peers 

Some  disputes  having  arisen  between  Col°  Humpton  & 
Col°  Johnston  respecting  Seniority,  the  Gen1  Officers  are  to 
meet  at  some  place  appointed  by  Majr  Gen1  Green  at  5 
o'clock  this  afternoon,  and  after  hearing  the  Pretensions  of 
both  those  Gentn  and  enquire  minutely  into  the  matter  to 
report  the  case  and  their  Opinion  thereon  to  the  Commr  in 
Chief.  The  frequent  discharging  of  pieces  in  order  to  clean 
them,  and  keep  them  in  order,  occasions  so  great  a  waste  of 
ammunition  that  the  Gen1  orders  in  very  pointed  and  Possi- 
tive  terms  that  no  Musquet  be  loaded  with  Cartrige  until 
we  are  close  to  the  enemy  and  there  is  a  morrel  certainty 
of  engaging  them.  A  Qr  Master  of  each  Reg1  is  to  draw  a 
small  Quantity  of  Powder,  Ball  &  Wading  to  furnish  the 
Guards  from  his  Reg1  who  are  to  load  with  loose  powder 
and  a  running  Ball  when  they  mount  Guard,  and  this  the 
Officers  of  those  Guards  are  invariably  to  have  drawn  and 
returned  to  the  Regm1  Qr  Master  before  their  dismission 
from  the  Parade  after  being  released.  A  practice  of  this 
kind  Particularly  attended  to  (and  it  is  possitively  enjoin'd) 
will  not  only  be  a  great  saving  to  ammunition  but  a  means 
of  preserving  the  Arms,  as  nothing  is  more  hurtful  to  the 
Barrels  than  to  lay  long  loaded  especially  with  whet  powder 
or  in  damp  weather.  One  hundred  and  eighty  Tents  are 
arrived  in  Camp,  such  as  are  destitute  may  now  be  supply'd 


General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777..       181 

therewith,  but  previous  to  the  delivery  of  them  Returns 
must  be  made  to  the  Q.  M.  G.  from  each  Brigade  of  the 
number  of  men  in  each  Corps  belonging  to  the  Brigade 
and  of  the  Tents  now  in  their  possession  respectively.  The 
Adjf  Gen1  in  issuing  orders  for  the  delivery  of  Clothes  is  to 
compare  the  returns  made  by  the  Commg  Officers  of  Corps 
of  their  wants  with  the  Clothiers  account,  so  far  as  he  can 
come  at  them  at  this  time  and  place  and  see  that  (to  the 
utmost  of  his  Power)  equal  justice  be  done  in  the  distribu- 
tion of  them. 

Advst.  Found,  a  red  Morocco  Letter  Case  Containing 
C°  Hartshorns  Commission  and  Sundry  other  Papers,  the 
owner  may  have  it  by  applying  to  the  Serf  of  the  Park  of 
Artillery. 

After  Orders. 

The  Qr  M.  G.  is  to  have  the  Road  through  the  Clove  to 
New  Winsor  well  reconnoitered  and  proper  places  for  halt- 
ing and  encamping  at,  with  the  distance  from  hence  noted, 
and  to  make  report  thereof  as  soon  as  possible  to  the 
Commr  in  Chief,  he  is  to  do  the  like  in  the  road  to  King's 
Ferry.  A  Light  party  Consist8  of  a  Field  Officer,  2  Capts, 
4  Subs  and  one  hundred  Rank  and  file,  to  Parade  at  day- 
light tomorrow  morning  on  the  Grand  Parade  with  six 
days  Provision  with  a  light  Wagon,  the  Officer  Comm*  will 
receive  his  orders  from  the  Adj'  Gen1  A  Sub  and  12  light 
Horse  to  parade  at  the  same  time  and  apply  to  the  Adj* 
Gen1  for  orders.  Doctr  Cockran  is  to  inspect  into  the  state 
and  Condition  of  the  Sick  and  give  such  orders  respecting 
them  as  shall  appear  proper,  Majr  Montigue  will  take 
Commd  of  the  detachment,  each  Brig*  to  furnish  a  good 
Blacksmith  to  parade  tomorrow  2  o'clock  at  noon,  before 
Ld  Sterling's  Quarters  at  Serverances  Tavern.  The  Qr  Mas- 
ters of  those  Reg15  for  which  clothing  returns  have  been 
made  out  are  to  apply  to  the  Deputy  Clother  Gen  tomorrow 
at  Baldwins  Mills  abo'  a  Mile  from  Head  Qrs  upon  the  way 
to  Pumpton. 


182        General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777. 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  July  18th  1777  Camp  Clove 

Majr  Gen1  for  Tomorrow       ....     Stephens 

Brigr Woodford 

Field  Officers     .     .     Col°  Farmer  &  Majr  North 
Brig*  Major       . Day 

The  Commr  in  Chief  approves  the  following  Sentences  of 
a  Gen1  Court  Martial  held  the  16th  Ins*  where  Col°  Shreve 
was  President,  and  orders  that  no  delay  may  be  made  in 
putting  them  in  Execution.  Levi  Springer  of  the  4th  North 
Carolina  Reg*  in  Cap'  Nelsons  Comp7  charg'd  with  Desert- 
ing from  the  fourth  and  Misting  with  Cap*  Simms  of  the 
Tenth  Virg*  Reg'  found  Guilty  and  sentenced  to  receive  50 
Lashes  on  his  bare  back,  and  to  serve  out  the  time  with 
Cap1  Nelson  and  the  Bounty  received  from  Cap*  Symms  to 
be  stop'd  out  of  his  pay  by  Cap*  Nelson  and  paid  to  Cap* 
Symms. 

Joshua  Hunter  of  the  First  Virg*  Regfc  charg'd  with  de- 
sertion found  Guilty  and  sentenced  to  receive  50  Lashes  on 
his  Bare  Back.  The  Brigade  Majr  to  attend  this  afternoon 
for  after  orders. 

Advertisement. 

Found  July  18th  an  Officers  Gun  at  the  Clove  Camp,  the 
owner  may  have  it  by  applying  to  Jacob  Clover  Q.  M.  Ser- 
jeant to  the  North  Carolina  Reg*. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  CLOVE  July  19th  1777. 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow     .     .     .    Ld  Sterling 

Brigr Scott 

Field  Officers       .      Col°  Syears  &  Majr  Bush 
Brig6  Major Johnson 

A  board  of  Gen1  Officers  to  sit  Tomorrow  at  10  o'clock 
at  Gen1  Greene's  Quarters  (those  on  duty  excepted)  for  the 


Gen  cm  I  Muhlenbery's  Orderly  Book,  1777.         183 

purpose  of  settling  the  rank  of  all  Pensilvania  Field 
Officers. 

The  Commr  in  Chief  is  pleas'd  to  approve  the  Following 
Sentences  of  a  Gen1  Court  Martial  held  the  17th  Ins*  whereof 
Col°  Shreve  was  President,  and  orders  them  to  he  imme- 
diately put  in  Execution  Viz1 

Adam  Hackey  of  Col°  Stewarts  Reg*  charg'd  with  deser- 
tion, found  Guilty  and  Sentenced  to  receive  50  Lashes  on 
his  bare  Back. 

Fredk  Leonard  of  the  same  Reg*,  charg'd  with  ditto, 
found  Guilty  and  sentenced  to  receive  50  Lashes. 

It  seems  that  when  Vacancies  of  Officers  has  happened  in 
Regts  and  Corps,  the  Commg  Officers  have  in  several  In- 
stances undertaken  to  fill  them  up  and  draw  pay  for  the 
person  so  appointed,  a  practice  altogether  unsupportable  and 
the  Continuance  of  it  is  absolutely  forbidden,  and  hencefor- 
ward no  person  so  appointed  shall  be  considered  as  having 
no  authority  or  entitled  to  a  Commission  or  pay  by  Virtue 
thereof;  such  Reg*  as  lately  made  a  Return  for  Clothing 
and  have  not  rec'd  their  Quota  are  to  apply  to  the  Dep- 
uty Clothier  Gen1  thereof. 

Advertisement. 

Taken  from  Gen1  Woodford's  Brigade,  a  Bay  horse,  has 
a  Ball  face,  white  hind  feet  and  white  streak  on  his  near 
side  parrellel  with  his  ribbs ;  whoever  will  bring  him  to 
Gen1  Woodford's  Brig*  or  give  information  where  he  is  or 

may  be  had,  shall  receive  10  Dollars. 

W.  HEATH. 

The  Q.  Masters  &  Waggon  Masters  are  desired  to  cause 
< 'liquify  to  be  made  amongst  their  several  departments,  in 
which  they  will  greatly  oblige  the  owner. 

B.  0.  Divine  service  will  be  perform'd  by  the  Revd  Mr 
Tate  at  10  o'clock  Tomorrow  morning  on  the  Brigade 
Parade. 


184        General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

G.  O.         HEAD  QUARTERS  AT  GOLLOWAY'S  IN  THE  CLOVE, 

July  21st  1777. 

Parole  C.  Sign 

Majr  Gen1  tomorrow        Greene 

Brigr Muhlenburgh 

Field  Officers  L*  Col°  Hendrick  &  Majr  Eobinson 
Brige  Major        Swaine 

The  Waggon  Masters  are  to  see  that  the  Horses  under 
their  direction  feed  as  much  as  possible  on  Grass  this  day, 
and  save  what  Grain  and  dry  forage  they  have,  the  wag- 
goners are  to  stay  by  their  Horses  to  prevent  their  being 
damaged  done  to  Corn,  Flax,  &c.  for  such  things  are  dam- 
aged through  their  neglect ;  they  will  be  severely  punished. 
The  Q.  M.  G.  is  immediately  to  inspect  the  boats  and 
observe  what  Injuries  they  have  sustained  in  the  Carriage, 
and  take  the  most  efectual  measures  to  prevent  their  receiv- 
ing any  further  damage,  everything  is  to  be  in  readiness  to 
March  tomorrow  morning.  The  Gen1  is  inform'd  that  some 
of  the  Troops  are  without  Provisions,  they  are  immediately 
to  supply  themselves  with  provision  for  this  day  and 
tomorrow. 

B.  O.  July  22  1777. 

The  Baggage  belonging  to  the  Brigade,  to  be  put  into  the 
Waggons  this  Evening  and  everything  to  be  put  in  readi- 
ness for  a  March  at  the  firing  of  the  Morning  Gun.  The 
Tents  to  be  struck  immediately,  but  should  the  morning 
prove  rainy,  the  Tents  are  not  to  be  struck  till  further 
orders ;  the  Commg  Officers  of  Regts  will  have  their  Wag- 
gons etc.  Examined  this  evening,  that  nothing  may  retard 
the  march  tomorrow  morning. 

G.  0.  July  22nd  1777. 

« 

The  Army  is  to  be  ready  to  march  tomorrow  morning, 
if  it  should  not  rain,  and  at  5  o'clock  the  march  is  to  begin. 
Gen1  Lincoln's  and  Gen1  Stephen's  Divisions  to  proceed  up 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        185 

the  Clove  and  to  march  to  Chester  and  there  to  wait  further 
orders.  Gen1  Green's  Division  to  march  back  to  Sufferens, 
whither  the  Baggage  of  Lord  Sterling's  Division  is  to 
Return. 

G.  O.     HEAD  QUARTERS  PUMPTON  PLAINS  July  23rd  1777. 

Parole  C.  Sign 

Field  Officer  for  the  day       .     .     Col°  Parker 
Brig6  Major Peers 

The  march  of  the  Army  whenever  it  begins,  will  be  made 
with  the  utmost  dispatch,  this  renders  it  indispensibly  nec- 
essary to  divest  it  of  as  much  Baggage  as  possible ;  Each 
Brigr  is  therefore  immediately  to  chuse  certain  Waggons 
for  the  Tents  of  his  Brigade,  and  when  orders  are  given  to 
march  they  are  to  be  put  into  those  Waggons  nothing  but 
the  Tents,  and  see  that  they  are  not  heavy  loaded  with 
them,  and  the  more  to  facilitate  the  March  of  the  Army, 
the  Commissaries  are  to  leave  no  means  untried  to  procure 
a  Quantity  of  hard  Bread  to  be  reserv'd  for  the  March,  and 
when  the  Army  moves  they  are  to  go  forward  before  it  and 
get  the  Provision  ready  ;  the  moment  the  Army  halts,  the 
Q.  M.  G.  will  have  a  proper  number  of  empty  Waggons  to 
follow  each  Brigade  to  take  up  the  Sick  and  Lame.  The 
rest  of  the  Baggage  is  to  be  left  under  the  care  of  a  small 
Guard  to  follow  on  after  the  Army,  accompanied  by  the 
women,  none  of  which  are  to  be  suffered  to  go  with  the 
Troops.  The  Army  is  to  be  put  and  kept  in  readiness  on 
the  shortest  notice. 

D.O.  RAMAPOO  July  24th  1777. 

There  are  great  Complaints  of  the  Horses  of  my  division 
being  turn'd  into  the  Inhabitants  Meadows  without  any 
orders  for  so  doing  either  by  the  Q.  M.  G.  or  any  of  his 
assistants,  and  that  the  Horses  are  beating  down  the  Grass 
to  the  great  Injury  of  the  owners  of  the  Plantations.  All 
the  Artillery  and  Waggon  horses  are  to  be  taken  out  of  the 
meadows  and  Grass  cut  for  them. 


186        General  Muhlenbery's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

The  Brigrs  are  immediately  to  see  these  orders  executed; 
as  the  Complaint  comes  through  his  Excell7.  The  Cornm^ 
Officers  in  my  division  are  desired  to  have  Vaults  dug  as 
soon  as  possible.  After  encamping,  the  Soldiers  are  forbid 
going  into  the  Fields  of  Grain  adjoining  the  Road  to  do 
their  Business,  as  a  stink  arises  from  those  Places  extreamly 
Offensive  to  the  Camp  and  to  the  Passengers  that  pass  the 
Road,  this  is  to  be  a  standing  order  and  observed  accord- 
ingly. 

G.O  HEADQUARTERS  July  24th  1777. 

The  Army  is  to  march  Tomorrow  morning  Early ;  every 
thing  is  to  be  prepared  agreably  to  the  orders  of  Yesterday, 
and  nothing  left  to  be  done  but  striking  the  Tents  and  put- 
ting them  into  the  Waggons.  At  5  o'clock  or  sooner,  the 
march  is  to  be  begun.  Gen.  Muhlenburgh  will  detach  an 
advance  Guard,  and  Gen1  Weedon  a  rear  Guard,  there  are 
to  be  no  flanking  Parties.  The  Waggons  with  the  Tents 
of  both  Brigades  will  follow  the  division ;  the  rear  Guard  is 
to  march  in  the  rear  of  the  Artillery  and  Ammunition 
Waggons,  the  other  Baggage  Waggons  of  the  Brigade  pre- 
ceed  the  Park  of  Artillery. 

T.  PICKERING  A4  G. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  July  25th  1777 

Parole  C .  Sign. 

Field  Officer  for  the  day  L'  Col°  Beauford 

The  troops  having  arrived  at  the  place  of  Encamping  so 
Early  they  can  with  the  greatest  ease  provide  themselves 
with  wood  and  each  Brigr  will  see  that  it  is  done  accord- 
ingly. That  fences  are  ever  burnt,  must  be  imputed  to 
inattention  and  want  of  care  in  the  Officers,  but  at  this  time 
will  be  deem'd  to  arise  from  the  most  Inexcusable  negli- 
gence. How  disagreeable  to  the  Army  is  it  that  the  Peace- 
able Inhabitants,  our  Country  men  and  fellow  Citizens,  dread 
our  halting  among  them  even  for  a  Night,  and  are  happy 
when  they  git  rid  of  us.  This  can  only  proceed  from  the 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        187 

distress  and  Plundering  and  wanton  destruction  of  their 
Property,  to  prevent  their  ills  is  the  Mannifest  duty  of  the 
Officers,  and  were  they  closely  attentive  to  that  discipline 
and  order  which  ever  should  establish  in  Camp,  they  for  the 
most  part  can  certainly  prevent  them.  The  Commr  in  Chief 
therefore  Expects  that  Officers  of  every  rank  will  exert 
themselves  and  put  a  stop  to  it  in  future,  and  if  no  other 
means  is  sufficient,  that  they  post  Sentries  round  their 
Encampments  who  shall  take  Prisoners  and  confine  them, 
and  the  Guilty  will  most  assuredly  suffer,  &  Meet  with  the 
Punishment  due  to  their  Crimes.  Two  Soldiers  in  Gen1 
Sullivan's  division  found  Guilty  of  Plundering  the  Inhabi- 
tants have  lately  been  condemned  to  die  and,  one  Executed, 
at  all  events  such  practices  must  be  prevented,  for  it  is  our 
duty  Effectually  to  Protect  the  Property  of  our  fellow  Citi- 
zens. The  officers  and  men  are  to  remain  at  their  En- 
campment, and  stroll  from  house  to  house  all  round. 
The  Officers  doubtless  ought  to  set  the  Example  in  this 
matter  and  if  this  Caution  where  always  attended  to  and 
the  men  ready  to  Observe  it,  one  of  the  Evils  before  Com- 
plain'd  of  would  be  almost  totally  prevented. 

If  it  should  not  Rain  tomorrow  nor  the  Tents  too  wet 
with  dew,  the  Army  is  to  get  in  readiness  to  March  at  4 
o'clock. 

B.  0.  July  28th  1777. 

A  Fatigue  Party  of  a  Corporal  and  six  men  to  Parade 
with  Waggons  tomorrow  morning  early,  to  go  and  cut  wood 

for  themselves.  ,  , 

PETER  MUHLENBURGH  B.  G. 

B.  O.  July  29th  1777 

As  the  Army  is  not  to  march  to-day,  the  men  are  to  take 
the  advantage  of  this  Halt  &  clean  their  Arms  and  put 
them  in  good  order,  and  also  clean  themselves,  that  they 
may  appear  as  decent  as  possible.  Gen1  Muhlenburgh  will 
be  absent  a  few  days,  Col°  Sumner  in  the  meantime  takes 

Commd  of  the  Brigade. 

PETER  MUHLENBURGH  B.  G. 


188        General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

D.  O.  July  30th  1777 

The  Commanders  of  Regts  in  Gen1  Muhlenburghs  & 
Gen1  Weedons  Brigades,  are  immediately  to  examine  into 
the  state  of  their  mens  Arms  and  ammunition,  and  have 
those  deficient  in  the  latter  supplied  without  delay. 

The  arms  to  be  clean 'd  and  put  in  Good  order.  'Tis 
expected  a  punctual  attention  will  be  paid  to  this  order. 

N.  GREENE  M.  G. 

D.  O.  WARWICK  July  31st  1777. 

The  Assembly  to  beat  at  half  past  5  in  the  Morning,  to 
march  exactly  at  6 ;  before  the  march  begins  the  Baggage 
guard  to  be  reduced  as  small  as  possible,  and  those  that  are 
appointed  to  that  duty,  must  be  of  such  Soldiers  as  are  unfit 
for  Service,  such  as  are  unable  of  marching  in  the  Line  are 
to  be  left  under  the  care  of  a  Subaltern  Officer  to  be  ap- 
pointed from  each  Brigade  to  take  charge  of  the  whole.  All 
the  Invalids  are  to  march  in  the  rear  of  the  Baggage  of  the 
whole  of  the  division.  Col°  Abeel  is  desired  to  furnish 
Waggons  to  take  up  such  as  fall  sick  on  the  Road.  The 
Troops  in  the  Line  are  to  march  by  Plattoons  &  none  of  the 
men  suffered  to  straggle.  The  Invalids  are  to  keep  together 
and  march  by  files,  the  order  of  march  as  heretofore.  We 
take  the  route  to  German  Town. 

Gen1  Greene's  Orders.  GERMAN  TOWN  Aug1  1st  1777. 

By  an  express  receiv'd  from  His  Excelly  Gen1  Washing- 
ton a  few  Hours  past  the  Gen1  is  requested  to  acquaint  both 
Officers  and  Soldiers  that  they  are  not  to  go  into  the  City 
of  Philadelphia  without  a  permit  of  a  Gen1  Officer;  any 
Officer  that  disobeys  will  be  arrested,  and  any  Soldier  that 
attempts  to  go  without  leave  will  be  severely  punished.  All 
the  Gen1  Officers  are  requested  not  to  grant  permission  to 
any  person  unless  it  be  to  execute  Business  of  real  Neces- 
sity. The  Commg  Officers  of  Regts  are  desired  to  have  a 
return  made  out  immediately  of  the  Arms  out  of  repair  in 
their  Regts,  and  the  Number  wanting  to  furnish  every  man 


General  Mukleriberg's  Orderly  Bool;,  1777.        189 

fit  for  duty.  The  Arms  in  each  Reg1  that  want  no  repair 
are  to  be  clean'd  up  immediately.  None  of  the  Guards  are 
to  load  till  further  orders,  all  those  arms  that  are  loaded  in 
each  Reg*  are  to  be  drawn  in  some  proper  place  under  the 
direction  of  the  Commg  Officers  of  the  Reg*  or  line  of  the 
field  Officers,  and  discharge  them  all  at  once,  and  the  Gen1 
desires  that  the  Officers  of  each  Comp-v  to  see  that  the  men 
don't  load  for  the  sake  of  firing,  such  a  wanton  waste  of 
ammunition  cannot  be  justified. 

The  Qr  Masters  of  each  Reg1  are  directed  to  see  that  the 
men  are  Provided  with  wood  for  Cooking. 

The  Q.  Mastr  of  each  division  will  direct  the  Regm1  Q. 
M.  where  to  cut  wood.  No  fences  to  be  burnt  on  any  ac- 
count, all  the  Officers  of  every  Rank  are  required  to  protect 
the  Inhabitants  from  personal  insult  and  their  property 
from  being  Plundered. 

M.  Gen.  Greene's  orders. 

HEADQUARTERS  GERMAN  TOWN, 

Aug.  2nd  1777. 

The  troops  to  be  immediately  furnish'd  with  two  days 
Provision  and  to  hold  themselves  in  readiness  to  march  at 
a  Moments  warning.  The  Tents  to  be  immediately  separated 
from  all  other  Baggage:  No  soldier  to  be  absent  from 
Camp  on  any  pretence  whatever.  The  Gen1  expects  partic- 
ular attention  will  be  paid  to  these  orders.  The  return 
CalFd  for  in  Yesterdays  Orders  to  be  made  forthwith.  The 
Commg  Officers  of  each  Reg*  to  appoint  an  Officer  to  procure 
such  Clothing  as  the  men  are  in  want  of  without  delay. 

B.  0.  GERMAN  TOWN  Aug  3rd  1777. 

The  Revd  Mr.  Tate  will  perform  divine  service  this  after- 
noon at  5  o'clock  ;  the  Captswill  see  that  all  the  men  not  on 
duty  to  attend  and  behave  properly. 

P.    MUHLENBURGH    B.  G. 
(To  be  continued.) 


190  Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  England. 


PENNSYLVANIA  GLEANINGS  IN  ENGLAND. 

BY    LOTHROP   WITHINQTON. 

HENRY  JAMES  of  Bristol,  Merchant  Taylor.  Will  20  April 
1724;  proved  1  October  1728.  To  son  John  James  £25. 
Whereas  I  have  given  my  son  Joseph  James  a  competent 
fortune,  I  give  him  one  guinea.  To  Frances,  now  wife  of 
my  son  Joseph,  one  Jacobus  piece  of  gold.  I  have  given 
my  daughter  Elizabeth  her  portion  since  her  marriage  and 
now  give  her  £5.  To  Mary  Pratt  £25.  To  my  only 
daughter  unmarried  Hannah  James  all  my  lands  in  Penn- 
silvania  and  elsewhere.  To  my  grandson  Joseph  James 
£10.  Residuary  Legatee  and  Executrix :  Daughter  Hannah. 
Witnesses:  Walter  Kipping,  John  Cray,  George  Hard- 
wicke.  Codecil :  31  January  1726.  To  my  daughter 
Hannah  the  messuage  I  have  just  purchased  in  which  I 
now  dwell  on  the  back,  within  the  parish  of  St  Nicholas. 
Witnesses :  John  Poulsom,  John  Cray,  James  Hardwicke. 

Brook,  294. 

RICHARD  BURY  of  the  City  of  Bristol,  Silkman.  Will  4, 
5th  month  1730;  proved  20  May  1731.  To  be  buried  in 
the  burial  place  of  my  Friends  the  people  called  Quakers. 
To  Elizabeth  Moore,  widow  of  my  kinsman  John  Moore, 
and  to  her  two  sons  John  and  Bury,  £200.  To  my  kins- 
woman Ann  Casey  of  Cork,  Ireland,  daughter  of  my  Brother 
Mark  Bury,  £100.  To  her  sons  Mark  and  Michael  £20 
each,  and  to  her  daughter  Hannah  Winsley  £70.  To  chil- 
dren of  Joseph  Moore,  son  of  my  Sister  Mary  Moore,  late 
of  Ireland,  deceased,  £150.  To  my  kinswoman  Hannah 
Swift,  daughter  of  my  Brother  Mark  Bury,  £195.  To  her 
daughters  Elizabeth  and  Rebecca  £130,  and  her  son  Richard 
£20.  To  my  kinswoman  Hannah,  wife  of  William  Watson 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  daughter  of  James  Cnllimore,  £150. 


Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  England.  191 

To  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  my  sister  Mary  Moore,  £10.  To 
Alexander  Arscot,  James  Moon,  and  Daniel  James,  my  tene- 
ments in  Elbridge  Street,  parish  of  Philip  and  Jacob,  to  pay 
profits  to  said  Elizabeth,  and  at  her  decease  to  Richard  and 
John  Bury,  grandsons  of  said  Mary  Bury,  and  also  to  said 
trustees  my  shares  in  Bristol  Water  Works  to  pay  profits  to 
said  Elizabeth,  and  then  at  her  decease  among  my  relations, 
except  children  of  Joseph  Moore  and  Hannah  Watson. 
Also  to  said  trustees  my  lands  in  Pennsylvania,  two-thirds 
to  Richard  and  one-third  to  John  Bury.  To  said  trustees 
£30,  and  to  Elizabeth  Wilcox  £20.  To  poor  of  Quakers  in 
Bristol  £50.  Executors  in  trust  :  Alexander  Arscot,  James 
Moon,  and  Daniel  James.  Witnesses:  W.  Hibbs,  Will. 
Oadell,  Rowles  Scudamore.  Isham,  111. 

THOMAS  FREAME,  at  present  residing  in  City  of  Philadel- 
phia in  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania,  Captain  of  a  Com- 
pany in  the  Honorable  Colonel  William  Gooch's  Regiment 
of  Foot,  being  ready  to  embark  on  a  ship  on  an  expedition 
against  the  enemies  of  our  sovereign  Lord  King  George  II. 
Will  22  September  1740;  proved  4  September  1744.  I 
nominate  my  wife  Margaretta  and  her  Brother  the  Honor- 
able Thomas  Penn,  Esq.,  one  of  the  Proprietors  and  Gover- 
nors in  chief  of  said  Province,  and  Richard  Hockley,  of  said 
City,  Merchant,  to  be  executors  of  all  my  estate.  One  fifth 
to  the  child  my  wife  now  goeth  with  when  21,  and  four- 
fifths  to  my  wife  Margaretta  and  son  Thomas.  Witnesses  : 
Willm.  Shaw,  Win.  Harper,  Stephen  Stapler.  Philadelphia. 
10  July  1741  :  William  Harper  deposes  to  sanity  of  tes- 
tator etc.  Pet  :  Evans,  Reg  :  Gen1.  Proved  in  Preroga- 
tive Court  of  Canterbury  by  Thomas  Penn,  Esq. 

Anstis, 


CHARLES  WILLING,  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  in  Pensil- 
vania,  Merchant,  bound  on  a  voyage  to  England.  Will  28 
July  1750  ;  proved  15  January  1756.  To  my  father  Thomas 
Willing,  of  Bristol,  Merchant,  £50  yearly  for  life.  To  my 
eldest  son  Thomas,  this  house  in  Third  Street,  where  I  now 


192  Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  England. 

live.  To  my  son  Charles  the  Lot  I  bought  of  the  Estate  of 
Joshua  Cart,  in  Front  Street  To  son  Richard  the  house 
in  Second  Street,  where  Captain  Charles  Stedman  now  lives. 
To  daughter  Ann  ground  in  Fourth  Street.  To  daughter 
Dorothy  ground  in  same  place.  To  son  Richard  500  acres  of 
Land  in  Pennsylvania,  bought  of  heirs  of  Christopher  For- 
ward. To  Sons  Thomas  and  Charles,  daughters  Ann  and 
Dorothy,  the  estate  of  Thomas  Story  deceased  in  Third 
Street.  To  Daughters  Mary,  Elizabeth,  and  Abigail,  and 
son  Richard,  iny  ground  in  Fourth  Street  late  the  estate  of 
Thomas  Story,  bounded  by  a  Lot  of  Margaret  Jekyls.  To 
my  wife  my  negro  wench.  To  my  daughter  Dolly,  my 
negro  girl  Venus.  To  my  son  Thomas,  my  negro  man 
John.  To  son  Charles,  my  negro  boy  Litchfield.  To  son 
Thomas,  silver  bought  of  Joseph  Shippen,  deceased,  my 
wife's  father,  and  my  mother's  picture  drawn  by  Bisson. 
To  daughter  Ann,  my  picture  and  her  mother's  drawn  by 
Flake.  To  Daughter  Dorothy,  my  picture  and  her  mother's 
picture  drawn  by  Hesselius.  To  son  Thomas  £2000  Ster- 
ling. To  Son  Charles  £3000  Pennsylvania  Currency.  To 
son  Richard  £2500  Pennsylvania  Currency.  To  daughters 
Ann  and  Dorothy  £1500  Pennsylvania  currency  each.  To 
daughters  Mary,  Elizabeth,  and  Abigail,  ditto.  To  son 
Thomas  land  lately  bought  of  James  Humphrie  on  West 
side  of  Schuylkill.  To  my  Brother  Thomas  Willing,  now 
or  late  of  London,  merchant,  and  my  sisters  Dorothy  Hand 
and  Ann  Willing,  three  guineas  each.  Residue  to  my  sons 
Thomas,  Charles,  and  Richard,  and  my  daughters  Ann, 
Dorothy,  Mary,  Elizabeth,  and  Abigail.  Executors:  wife 
Ann  and  Son  Thomas.  Witnesses :  D.  Martin,  Thos.  Hop- 
kinson,  Tho.  Price.  Glazier,  23. 

RICHARD  MORREY,  of  the  City  and  County  of  Philadelphia, 
in  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania,  gent.  Will  30  August 
1753;  proved  12  November  1756.  Executors:  my  wife 
Sarah  and  my  Brother  in  law  John  Beazly.  All  my  estates 
in  Pennsylvania  and  in  the  City  of  London  in  Great  Britain 


Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  England.  193 

to  my  dear  wife  Sarah.  Overseers:  Mr.  Jenkin  Jones  and 
Doctor  William  Chandlor,  both  of  Philadelphia.  Witnesses  : 
James  Graisbury,  Paul  Isaac  Yoto,  Abraham  Gardiner,  and 
Stephen  Hoi  well.  Proved  by  John  Strettell  attorney  for 
John  Bazalee  otherwise  Beasley,  the  other  executor  Sarah 
Morrey,  widow  and  relict  of  deceased  having  died.  Beasly 
residing  at  Philadelphia.  Glazier,  303. 

ALEXANDER  CAMPBELL  of  Philadelphia,  but  now  in  London, 
merchant,  now  bound  out  on  a  voyage  to  sea.  Will  11  June 
1744;  proved  16  February  1757.  All  to  my  father  Hugh 
Campbell  of  Edinburgh.  Executor:  Alexander  Dick. 
Witnesses :  Thomas  Chryste,  Hugh  Ingles,  and  John  Mason. 
Administration  of  goods  of  Alexander  Campbell  late  of  All 
Hallows  Barking,  deceased  to  Alexander  Callender,  attorney 
for  Hugh  Campbell  of  Edinburgh,  Alexander  Dick,  re- 
nouncing. 2nd  Probate  on  4  November  1778  to  Mary 
Hewson  otherwise  Stevenson  a  creditor  of  deceased. 
Former's  letters  expiring  through  decease  of  Alexander 
Callendar  and  Margaret  Scott  the  elder  spinster,  executrix 
of  will  of  Hugh  Campbell  renouncing.  Herring,  44* 

JAMES  STONE,  late  of  Philadelphia,  in  North  America, 
but  now  Surgeon's  Mate  in  H.  M.  sixty-third  Regiment  of 
ftbot.  Will  5  November  1758;  proved  7  January  1764. 
To  Mr.  Evan  Morgan  of  Philadelphia  £212,  I  owe  him. 
To  Sister  Sarah  Sallows  of  Philadelphia  all  messuages  and 
tenements  in  Philadelphia,  if  she  die  without  issue,  to 

cousin  Mary   Emerson,    wife   of Emerson,   Peruke 

maker,  at  Wapping  in  London  £200,  and  to  William  and 
Mary  son  and  daughter  of  William  Penny,  surgeon  or 
Newton  Abbot,  county  Devon  all  my  messuage  and  tene- 
ments. Executors  :  William  and  Mary  Penny.  Witnesses  : 
Philip  Cookworthy,  Benjamin  Cook  worthy,  and  Rachell 
Cookworthy.  Proved  by  William  Penny. 

Simpson,  28. 

VOL.  xxxiv. — 13 


194  East  Vincent  Township. 


EAST  VINCENT  TOWNSHIP,  CHESTER  COUNTY, 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

BY  FREDERICK  SHEEDER,  MDCCXLVI. 

(Continued  from  page  98.) 

Garrit  had  other  farms  that  he  in  his  will  willed  to  Son 
in  law's  of  his,  but  these  1000  acres  he  willed  cheafly  to  his 
Sons,  as  his  Sons  came  to  manhood  he  placed  them  on  cer- 
tain tracts,  for  his  oldes  son  he  erected  the  tavern  on  the 
Ridge  road  and  put  him  their,  his  house  that  he  had  erected 
is  from  that  on  the  Pottsgrove  road,  Benjamin  his  oldest 
son,  for  him  he  erected  this  to  keep  tavern  in  and  did  so, 
has  of  late  been  Win.  Whitby's,  Served  a  tour  in  the  revo- 
lution, the  widdow  he  left  was  murdered  and  robbet  one 
knight  10  years  since,  they  murderer  never  discovered. 
This  tract,  the  before  mentioned  1000  acres,  are  now  devited 
and  contain  13  farms  with  the  necessary  buildings,  21  lots 
with  buildings  thereon  of  from  5  to  30  acres,  the  church  lot 
and  graveyard  and  the  new  meeting  house  lot  and  the 
cheafest  part  of  owned  by  grand  and  greatgrand  children. 
I  consider  it  wast  time  to  give  a  description  of  all  these 
places  and  persons  residing  and  had  from  time  to  time  part 
of  the  above  described  property  is  in  Covantry  and  part  in 
East  Vincent.  Garrit  has  no  grave  Stone  to  See  when  he 
died  or  when  born,  but  the  date  of  his  will  is  1757  say  he 
been  60  years  old  when  deceased  and  23  years  old  when 
came  to  live  here  and  alow  him  to  died  in  1759  will  be  on 
90  years  that  he  Settled  here.  Now  i  proseed  down  the 
Ridge  road — their  are  several  farms  that  been  owned  by  the 
old  Millers  and  old  Ackers  they  been  considered  to  had 
been  the  first  Settlers  thereon  likewise  the  old  Sniders  place, 
now  i  will  proseed  up  Schilkill  road  and  River — widdow 
Francis  place  i  scipt  in  my  cours  here  was  g.  Washingtons' 


East  Vincent  Township.  195 

first  nights  loging  when  he  left  the  Springs.  Peter  De- 
fracine  the  first  Settler,  after  him  the  Millers  place,  for 
many  years  old  Nicholas  Snider's.  Zions  church  stands  near 
to  the  line  of  is  considered  to  been  the  first  Settler  of  late 
the  property  of  James  Wells  deceased — one  Heavener  built 
the  first  mill  on  Stony  Run  and  is  Supposed  to  been  the  first 
Settler  on  that  place  for  many  years  ortlips  mills  for  many 
years  george  Rok  was  the  first  Settler  on  old  Jacob  Fink- 
bins  place  now  Michal  Towers  and  John  Ash  the  later  a 
Son  in  law,  John  Roads  his  father  its  supposed  to  have 
been  the  first  Settler  thereon  now  Dr.  F.  W.  Hechels  the 
meeting  house  that  has  allways  whent  by  the  name  of 
Rohd's  is  meeting  house  this  meeting  house  was  built  1750 
the  old  germans  nearly  all  in  the  neighborhood  church  and 
meeting  folks  hurried  on  this  graveyard  Adam  Miller  that 
died  on  John  Shuler's  place  was  hurried  here  before  the 
revolution  Henry  Heffilfinger  the  father  of  old  Jacob  of 
which  is  made  mention  before,  was  Burried  here  1790  his 
place  was  adjoining  this  place  of  the  late  James  Ralston's 
place  son  of  the  late  Judge  Ralston  old  John  Wagner  old 
Lauranc  Hippel  in  the  year  1785  old  John  &  Heny  Rohds 
Nicholas  Miller  and  other  old  members  all  rest  here.  The 
place  of  the  late  James  Wells  adjoining  Zions  church  lot 
and  for  many  years  owned  by  Nicholas  Snider  was  first  Set- 
tled by  Martin  Shoenholz  who  had  erected  a  grist  mill  on 
but  nothing  of  the  buildings  visible  as  part  of  the  rubish 
and  dam,  Stephen  Hailman's  deceased's  place  now  in  the 
owners  hands  of  george,  Henry  and  Magdalena  three  of 
Stephen's  children  (this  place  the  ridge  road  runs  through 
and  along  the  Schulkill  road  and  part  of  Zion's  church  lot 
of  it)  this  place  was  first  Settled  by  Adam  Stone  in  1742  he 
got  his  Lease  for  the  Same,  of  Michal  Lightfoot  attorney 
of  Richard  Pike,  Stone  conveyed  to  Philip  Mance  in  1748 
his  Son  Chris tofel  Mance  became  the  owner  after  the  de- 
cease of  his  father  and  after  his  decease  Stephen  Hailman 
married  the  widdow  and  became  the  owner  on  this  place 
Stands  the  first  built  house  but  uninhabited  and  the  armys 


196  East  Vincent  Township. 

had  to  pass  here  to  Reading  and  to  cross  Schulkill  and  the 
time  g.  Washington  brought  the'  Sick  that  the  Spring  hos- 
pital did  not  contain  over  to  these  two  churches  the  St. 
Zion  and  the  church  generelally  called  on  the  hill  in  Yin- 
cent,  hill  church  ;  The  train  of  the  bear  over  the  Sick  was 
one  mile  long  and  g.  Washington  ahead  george  yeager  the 
first  Settler  on  the  late  Henry  Miller's  place  george  been 
the  great  grandfather  of  John  yeager  now  on  his  fathers 
place  the  monument  at  the  foot  of  the  hill,  of  this  more 
hereafter  when  i  come  to  treat  on  churches  and  g.  Wash- 
ington move  from  the  Springs,  Daniel  East's  place  now 
formarly  and  for  many  years  John  Hoffman's  was  cut  out 
of  Orney's  and  Haliman's  places,  old  Bassler  of  which  men- 
tion was  made  before  the  time  the  army  quartered  one 
knight  on  the  Ridge,  hid  his  money  in  an  hollow  apple 
tree,  Peter  Rohds  the  first  owner  of,  Peter  was  the  father  of 
John  Roads  now  Dr.  F.  Wm.  Heckels  was  the  first  owner, 
here  is  the  Mennonist  Meeting  house  erected  in  1750  of 
which  is  made  mention  above,  E.  and  T.  Shunk  both  names 
in  a  large  Stone  in  the  grave  yard  wall  owned  a  large  tract 
of  land  here  one  of  them  was  ....  Shimer  owned  and  was 
the  first  Settler  next  to  this  last  mentioned  John  Hobbs 
(the  grandfather  of  the  present  governor  of  this  State)  place 
now,  Peter  Miller  the  first  Settler  of  Dr.  Brinhurst  now 
Francis  Ladshaw  from  the  place  of  the  late  James  Wells 
untill  here,  are  not  taken  in  rotation  i  chumped  back  and 
fored,  now  to  Schulkill  from  the  Pikland  line  and  along 
the  river  to  Springfield  formarly  Laurance  Hippel's  place 
him  been  the  first  Settler  thereon,  was  Abraham  Turners 
place  him  been  the  first  Settler  thereon  of  which  Springville 
is  at  the  uper  end,  of  which  you  will  find  a  Sketch  of, 
drawn  by  James  Rogers  the  present  owner  of  the  biges  part 
of  the  place  formarly  A.  Turners  it  being  conveyed  to  A. 
Turner  by  the  West  New  Jersy  Society  in  the  year  1695 
A.  Turner  conveyed  to  Henry  Pennebaecker  and  his  son 
Cornilius  and  he  conveyed  to  his  father  his  Share  and 
bought  a  place  above  the  Springs  now  Keeley's,  C.  after  had 


East  Vincent  Township.  197 

improved  this  place  sold  and  moved  to  Cannada  Sometime 
in  the  last  war  Henry  Pannebacker  Sold  to  Pawlings  and 
James  Rogers  purchased  of;  (at  this  above  mentioned  St. 
Zion's  church  a  prospect  for  the  eye  over  a  grate  part  of 
Montgomry  and  Berks  Counties  and  rail  road  would  be 
worth  the  expence  of  a  Sketch  being  taken  of)  James 
Rogers  and  Frederick  yost  are  the  two  princibal  propria- 
tories  of  this  Springville  at  the  place  there  where  the 
Bridge  now  crosses  Schulkill  whent  in  former  times  by  the 
Name  of  Hippel's  foord  him  been  the  first  Settler  on  but 
Since  the  year  1800  or  1801  Benjamin  and  David  Royer, 
after  the  decease  of  Hippel,  purchased  the  place  and  Some 
years  after  their  decease  Frederick  yost  purchas  the  great- 
est part  of  Royers  a  copple  years  before  yost  within  eight 
years  when  but  one  house  been  here,  then  an  entire  wilder- 
niss  what  now  represents  Springville.  They  are  two  Enter- 
prizing  gentlemen  J.  Rogers  the  lower  part  here  he  has  a 
Store  lumber  and  Cole  yard  a  foundary  Lyceum  F.  yost  a 
Store  Cole  lumber  and  lime  yard  a  large  Store  house  and 
Merchand  mill  in  the  corner  of  the  Abutment  of  the 
Bridge  this  is  a  Tole  bridge  built  6  or  8  years  by  the  two 
Counties  and  individual  Subscription  the  writer  had  re- 
quested Yost  and  Rogers  to  Sent  me  the  Number  of  inhab- 
itants of  the  village  but  had  not  done  So,  F.  yost  related  an 
incident  of  his  grandfather  and  mother  as  he  Says  Use  to 
been  tould  of  by  his  pairauts  as  follows  when  or  before  his 
grandfather  came  to  this  country  he  had  a  son  that  he 
called  Conrad  and  when  he  had  been  grown  up  left  home 
and  come  to  America  and  Settled  himself  about  the  forris 
this  side  Reading  took  up  a  large  tract  of  land  and  prospert, 
his  father  never  having  heard  of  him  and  expecting  him  to 
be  death  got  more  children  and  named  an  other  one  Conrad 
and  that  Conrad  when  had  a  family  came  with  to  this  coun- 
try and  when  arrived  at  Philadelphia  the  first  Conrad  hap- 
ening  to  be  there  heard  of  a  Ship  having  arrived  with  pas- 
sengers whent  on  boad  of  ship  as  he  wanted  a  hand  to 
work  and  paid  the  passage  for  a  man  and  family  and  took 


198  East  Vincent  Township. 

them  home  and  in  a  conversation  they  after  had  and  been 
both  of  the  Same  name  and  the  last  came  in  had  his  parents 
heart  talk  of  a  Son  they  had  once  and  him  having  Some 
certain  Scar  or  mark  on  him  and  this  mark  was  the  cause 
of  coming  to  know  that  they  were  two  brothers,  That  all 
the  Yosts  in  Amarica  had  their  origin  from  that  family ;  The 
next  place  above  Springville,  is  Philip  Crater's  now,  for- 
merly the  property  of  the  above  mentioned  Lan  ranee  Hip- 
pel  next  place  up  Schulkill  is  Michal  Towers  and  John 
Ash's  now  formarly  Jacon  Finkhine's  place  george  Rok  had 
been  the  first  Settler  and  owner  John  Ash  a  Son  in  law  of 
J.  Finkbine  after  the  decease  of  J.  F.  the  place  was  devited 
into  two  places  next  place  on  Schulkill  Road  is  the  Kolbs 
properties  which  were  first  Settled  by  a  one  Shinier  next 
come  Lawrance  Yille  named  after  Captain  Lawrance  after 
Job  Fodge  came  to  be  the  owner  Since  old  James  Brookes 
decease ;  here  was  a  large  tract  of  land  taken  up  and  Set- 
tled by  Anthony  Tunes  and  him  conveying  to  others  after- 
wards his  first  grant  is  as  follows ;  Whereas  the  honourable 
proprietary  by  his  letter  pattant  Bearing  date  14  day  of 
June  1736  did  grant  and  confirm  unto  Anthony  Tunes  &  & 
of  this  tract  he  Sold  to  N".  Kiser  223  acres  and  the  Island  5 
acres  April  8the  1737  Nicholas  Keiser  erected  builtings  and 
a  grist  mill  as  he  was  a  Milright  by  trade,  in  1776  Nicholas 
Keiser  the  son  of  the  former  Sold  to  Edward  Parker  168 
acres  and  one  half  of  the  iland  with  the  mill  John  Wilson 
a  Son  in  law  of  Parker  became  the  owner  of  the  mill  and 
Some  of  the  land  after  the  decease  of  Parker  and  a  Short 
time  Since  Sold  the  mills  with  four  acres  of  land  to  his  Son 
in  law  Peter  Hallowbush,  Wilson  a  millright  by  trade 
erected  a  Sawmill  near  the  crist  mill. 

This  mill  Stands  in  the  bank  of  Schulkill  at  the  mouth  of 
Pition  creek  and  probeled  by  the  same  stream,  the  line  of 
vincent  and  East  Covantry  Townships  run  between  the  man- 
sion and  mills  into  the  River  the  most  part  of  the  houses  are 
in  Covantry  Athony  Tunes  had  taken  up  all  the  lands  up 
to  Brauers  and  Reinhard's  Edward  Parker  had  rebuilt  the 


East  Vincent  Township.  199 

mill  in  1766  and  afterwards  he  erected  a  Sawmill  near  at 
where  now  the  butment  of  the  Stone  arch  Bridge  accross  the 
creek,  and  between  the  canal  Job  Tody  owner  of  a  large 
tract  with  the  Tavern  the  Tavern  house  was  built  and  other 
builtings  in  1766  and  owned  for  considerable  of  years  by 
James  Brooks  and  sons  this  place  consists  of  9  dwelling 
houses  in  Vincent  and  11  on  the  Covantry  Side  accross  the 
bridge  the  name  of  the  head  mason  that  done  all  the  work 
along  here  then  was  Joseph  Conrad  and  this  same'  Conrad 
done  the  the  work  at  Zions  Church  but  John  Cunius  the  Car- 
penter of  said  church  2  mile  down  this  road  about  the  year 
1799  Jacob  Shantz  bought  here  the  property  after  the  de- 
cease of  the  former  owner  Peter  Longecker  and  a  great  part 
of  the  last,  N.  Keiser  there  is  a  Siminary  and  a  new  free- 
babtist  meeting  house  here  Susanna  Parker  the  mother  of 
Miss  Wilson  now  86  of  age  recolects  that  when  a  girl  150 
Indians  came  to  their  house  and  that  they  had  Said  that  they 
were  going  to  the  american  army  at  valley  forge  The  great- 
es  part  of  this  part  about  this  place  i  derived  of  Mr.  John 
Wilson  and  Lady  from  here  i  called  on  Mathew  Davis  Esqr. 
East  Covantry  and  he  related  as  follows ;  My  father  came 

to  this  countrv  with  Win.   Penn  and  Settled  in  Limrick 

t/ 

Township  Montgomry  County  the  Brookes  and  the  Da- 
vises  came  about  the  Same  time  the  Davises  from  Wales  and 
the  Brookses  from  England ;  and  members  of  the  Quaker 
Society  at  that  time  John  Brooks  was  the  first  Settler  at  the 
Swamp  road  two  miles  above  that  is  now  called  Stetlers 
Tavern,  there  he  built  a  Stone  house  that  whent  by  the  name 
of  the  Stone  house  till  within  a  few  years  and  called  Shaeff- 
ers  Tavern  now  and  when  he  first  settled  thier  he  had  to  go 
to  Vandeerns  mill  now  Robisons  mill  at  Wiscohicon  to  mill 
this  when  he  first  Settled  himself  being  in  the  wilderniss  and 
winter  time  25  mile  from  Said  mill  he  had  2  horsies  and 
Started  in  the  dead  of  winder  to  git  flower  left  his  wife  and 
chield  at  home  She  run  out  of  provition  and  the  Indians 
provited  for  her  but  when  he  came  to  the  mill  there  was  no 
flower  nor  grain  then  he  had  to  drash  grain  first  before  he 


200  East  Vincent  Township. 

culd  git  flower  this  capt  him  considerable  time  longer  than 
his  wife  expected  him  to  Stay  In  the  mean  time  a  Snow  fell 
between  three  an  two  feet  deep  She  gitting  uneasy  of  him 
being  killed  in  Some  way  She  took  her  chield  and  Started 
to  find  out  what  became  of  him  She  whent  on  till  to  Perkyo- 
man  creek  hill  She  then  Saw  him  on  Skikack  hill  with  his 
horsies  coming  loated  with  flower ;  Minco  creek  took  its 
name  of  an  indian  that  lived  at  the  mouth  of  that  creek, 
Mathew  Davis  became  to  live  here  in  1808  is  now  72  years 
old  there  were  4  traveling  indians  came  to  his  house  at  one 
time  the  all  had  bows  and  arrows  gave  them  their  dinner 
then  took  them  out  to  Shoot  for  cents  till  he  had  25  of  them 
in  a  Short  time  about  a  12  months  after  met  them  in  the 
road  and  all  knew  me  and  been  much  pleased  to  See  me 
My  grand  mother  had  her  wedding  dinner  at  garrit  Brum- 
back's  Tavern  and  would  be  now  125  years  of  age  if  alive 
her  fathers  name  was  Dehaven  built  the  house  at  the  Trapp 
that  Devise  now  owns  and  She  carried  the  victuals  to  the 
masons  and  working  folkes  an  aunt  of  mine  Margarot  Davis 
I  heard  her  Say  that  when  She  whent  to  Philadelphia  she 
to  pick  huckleberries  where  the  City  now  Stands  and  on  her 
road  home  could  count  20  deer-harts  in  one  flock  and  when 
i  first  came  here  there  was  no  house  from  Shantzes  tavern 
along  the  road  to  grubbs  one  mile  and  now  are  11  houses 
all  the  houses  and  buil tings  from  the  tavern  to  grubbs  were 
built  in  my  time,  i  am  to  Say  here  by  Mathew  Davis  to  State 
that  he  had  been  employd  by  the  presend  owner  of  Bords 
borough  in  1800  Bords  then  Spent  a  few  weeks  with  Brooks 
and  at  this  I  heard  him  relate  this  circumstance,  I  been  well 
acquainted  with  Mark  Bords  formarly  of  Bords  borrow  he 
tould  me  that  when  he  was  a  young  man  that  then  it  was 
difficult  to  git  a  pit  of  cole  wood  on  chestnut  hill  on  account 
of  being  Sot  on  fire  to  keep  the  timber  down  I  have  David 
Evans  heard  tell  my  father  That  he  could  Stand  on  the  hill 
opposed  John  Heisters  and  See  a  deer  run  along  Ridge  road 
by  Brumback's  tavern  and  nothing  in  the  way  but  under- 
bush  the  timber  that  is  now  has  all  be  grown  up  Since 


East  Vincent  Township.  201 

Hiesters  rocks  been  formerly  called  turkey  point  on  account 
of  so  many  Turkies  roosting  their  on  near  the  rock  were 
Some  revolutionary  Soldiers  buirried  on  the  place  of  John 
Hiesters  these  being  men  that  fel  sick  when  the  army  crossed 
at  Parkers  foard  afterwards  called  Brooker  foard  and  Some 
died  in  Longeckers  barn  and  hurried  in  Brauers  woods,  The 
first  hurried  person  on  Brauers  grave  yard  here  was  John 
grumbacher  he  died  1744  was  37  years  of  age,  A  man  by 
the  name  of  Sprogal  took  up  a  large  tract  of  land  in  Mont- 
gomry  county  called  hanover  township  a  mile  or  two  below 
Pottsgrove  and  built  a  Small  Schooner  at  the  mouth  of  what 
is  called  Sprogals  run  now  in  Posession  of  Wm.  Brooks  he 
then  took  the  Schooner  down  to  Philadelphia  and  whent 
back  to  england  about  the  year  1790  Some  time  after  Some 
of  the  heirs  came  in  and  made  their  clame  to  that  tract  of 
land  but  did  not  Succeed  of  giting  any  recompence,  about 
the  year  1793  I  been  out  at  Wheeling  below  Pittsburg  on 
the  ohio,  their  been  Several  horsies  taken  out  of  that  neigh- 
borhood and  the  word  given  out  that  there  were  horsies 
missing  and  that  Indians  had  been  Seen  in  the  neighborhood 
and  in  the  morning  there  from  six  to  eight  gathering 
and  voluntered  to  find  the  trail  and  i  whent  along  for  one 
we  crossed  the  river  and  whent  Some  distance  but  Seen  no 
Indians  and  returned  It  was  soon  found  out  that  one  of  the 
horse  thieves  was  with  us  There  were  Some  of  the  gang 
about  wheeling  and  Some  of  them  in  old  Virginia  and  would 
take  a  horse  from  about  Wheeling  and  meeting  one  of  the 
gang  from  Virginia  with  a  Stolen  horse  and  they  then  would 
exchange  horsies  and  return  back  each  one,  Now  if  we  had 
Seen  or  met  with  an  indian,  the  thief  that  was  with  us  would 
to  been  the  first  that  would  to  Shot,  here  i  make  mention 
that  it  may  be  Seen  how  the  indians  have  often  been  treated 
end  of  Esqr's  information  (to  be  likely  to  be  continued  at 
some  further  time  page  33-9  line)  Now  i  proseed  to  Brau- 
ers graveyard  to  coppy  off  of  the  grave  Stones  as  follows, 
this  is  a  prived  grave  yard  no  meeting  house  attached  to, 
general  John  Hiester  born  1746  died  1812  age  76  years, 


202  East  Vincent  Township. 

Edward  Parker  1788  age  69  years.  Jacob  Shantz  died 
1823  born  1748  age  75  years.  Abraham  Brauer  died  1805 
age  60.  David  grubb  died  1809  born  1749  aged  59.  Con- 
rad grubb  died  1809  born  1737  age  81  years.  Peter  Maurer 
died  1833  born  1761  age  72.  David  Zublin  died  1803  Age 
57  years.  David  Mundshauer  died  1833  born  1769  age  64 
years.  Martin  gunsenbauser  died  1822  age  51  years. 

Now  Reinhards  factories,  Uley  Reinhard  tbe  grant  and 
great  grant  father  of  the  present  Reinhards  Uhley  R.  when 
came  from  germany  he  remained  about  the  neighborhood  of 
germantown  when  but  one  house  Stood  their  then  came  to 
Coventry  and  took  up  a  large  tract  of  land  on  both  Sides  of 
Pitchen  creek  and  erected  builtings  first  a  hous  which  is  at 
this  time  in  good  repair  george  a  grand  Son  of  Uhley  had 
previous  erected  his  first  house  about  the  Schulkill  road  and 
lived  there  when  he  erected  this,  occupies  the  Same  for 
kitchen  purpose  i  whent  on  purpose  to  view  it  and  took  thies 
Notes  down  in  it,  its  18  by  25  feet  two  Stories  high  the  lower 
Story  of  Stone  the  Second  of  hewn  logs  there  are  extensive 
Stone  ends  attachet  to  at  each  gable  end  close  at  the  one 
Side  of  the  brest  of  the  dam  on  the  Side  on  the  west  side 
are  the  crist  and  Saw  mill  and  at  the  head  of  this  are  the 
buildings  belonging  to  and  the  woollen  factory  of  which  all 
with  F.  Sheeder,  the  writer  of  this  and  Kimberton  (Fred- 
erick Langenhime  of  your  City  has  taken  Sketchis  of  Some) 
3  or  4  years  Since  that  he  been  here,  been  Several  built- 
ings erected  here  on  this  place  of  mine,  you  will  find  on 
page  33-26th  line  an  anecdote,  his  office  in  the  Exchange 
Custom  house  thirth  Street,  where  you  can  obtain  a  coppy  of, 
george  and  his  family  could  not  give  me  any  information  as 
to  how  long  that  builting  Stood  as  the  builtings  on  each 
cable  end  exced  this  centril  and  no  date  on  it  can  be  dis- 
covered but  they  Judged  it  to  be  between  80  and  90  or  per- 
haps 100  years  It  was  John  the  Son  of  uhley  that  erected 
the  mill  with  the  assistance  of  his  father  &  Saw-mill  a  Son 
of  John  Daniel  erected  the  woollen  factory  about  the  1810 
he  however  died  in  the  year  1816  and  Samuel  the  younges 


East  Vincent  Township.  203 

Son  of  John  is  the  present  owner  and  occupant  an  older 
brother  had  the  grist  and  Sawmill  and  some  of  the  land  he 
however  Sold  out  and  moved  back  george  Hoffman  purchased 
of  him  but  died  within  a  year  George  Reinhard  is  the  owner 
of  the  old  mansion  and  part  of  the  place  They  been  of  the 
german  baptist  persuation  their  meeting  house  this  Side  that 
used  to  been  the  Swan  tavern  till  of  late  george  and  Samuel 
took  with  the  Battle  ant,  All  these  places  when  first  taken  up 
run  from  Schulkill  up  towards  the  Ridge  to  the  line  of  gerrit 
Brumback,  1000  acres  that  he  took  up  and  Settled,  This  track 
is  part  in  Covantry  and  part  in  Vincent  about  1  mile  up  from 
the  Tavern  of  Brumbach's  is  the  Church  called  Brumback's  of 
the  gerrnan  reformed  persuation;  the  first  log  church  built  here 
about  1750  or  5,  the  writer  of  this  been  in  the  same  in  the 
winder  of  1793  and  4  was  of  hewn  logs  one  and  a  half  Story 
with  gallery  broken  roof  two  4  light  windows  at  each  gable 
end  and  two  of  the  Same  Sise  in  the  roof  at  each  side  these 
been  for  to  light  the  gallery  and  pulpit  the  lower  Story  had 
12  light  windows  the  grave  yard  then  but  Small  and  fanced 
close  at  the  church  with  pail  and  the  rest  with  posten  fance 
The  Eev.  Minicus  was  the  first  preacher  after  him  the  Rev. 
J.  Philip  Ley  dick  and  in  1784  the  Rev.  Frederick  Daelliker 
(Dalliker)  In  1800  this  present  Ediffice  been  erected  outsid 
the  grave  yard  to  enlargen  the  Same,  and  J.  Longecker 
gave  the  Congregation  more  ground  and  they  Surrounted 
all  in  one  graveyard  and  the  church  yard  impailed  after  this 
new  church  was  built  and  at  the  consecration  The  Rev. 
Frederick  Harman  came  to  officiate  till  1821  The  Rev.  John 
C.  guldin  Son  in  law  of  the  former  the  later  of  late  years, 
done  not  to  the  Satisfaction  to  all  or  exhilaration  to  all  of 
which  more  when  comming  to  treat  of  the  hill  church  below, 
after  guldin,  their  been  Several  preaching  but  of  Short  du- 
ration the  last  one  the  Rev.  Folk,  but  left;  There  is  a  School- 
house  here  and  School  kept  I  have  coppied  Some  names  of 
the  grave  Stones  as  follows  John  young  born  1744  died 
1780  age  37  george  young  son  of  the  former  and  father  and 
grandfather  to  the  John  young  at  Covantry  living  yet  born 


204.  East  Vincent  Township. 

1773  died  1821  Nicholas  Keller  born  1759  died  1822  age 
69  years.  Philip  Miller  born  1750  died  1809  age  59  years. 
Frederick  Priser  born  1768  died  1823  age  55  years  William 
Shuler  born  1773  died  1835  age  62  years  Henry  Hoock  born 
1760  died  1835  age  69  years  Henry  Brumback  a  Son  of 
garrit  born  1733  died  1804  Age  71  years  he  was  boVn  in 
this  country  113  years  ago  Jacob  Mason  born  1712  died 
1776  age  64  years  Frederick  Bingeman  the  Son  of  F.  Binge- 
man  of  the  Son  in  law  of  garrit  Brumback  that  is  made 
mention  of  in  the  description  of  the  places  born  1756  died 
1832  age  75  years  Peter  Kline  born  1755  died  1824  age  68 
years  Theadore  Miller  born  1758  died  1838  age  80  years 
Peter  Fertig  born  1765  died  1842  age  75  years  Sebastian 
Root  a  member  of  Zion  church  born  1761  died  1843  age  82 
years  he  been  born  near  Pottsgrove  John  Fertig  born  1736 
died  1833  age  94  years  came  to  america  1754  Jacob  Fertig 
born  1778  died  1823  age  45  years  John  Hiester  son  of  gen- 
eral Hiester  born  1774  died  1822  age  43  years  Henry  Tit- 
low  born  1719  died  1793  age  74  years  John  Titlow  born  1757 
died  1827  age  68  years  a  son  of  the  former  Henry  Brum- 
backborn  1791  died  1829  age  36  years  Sebastian  Kelly  born 
1734  died  1777  age  43  years  Peter  Brumback  was  an  officer 
in  the  Westren  expedition  born  1764  died  1834  age  69  gar- 
rit been  his  grandfather  Wm.  Posey  a  son  in  law  of  garrit 
Brumback  born  1759  age  62  Peter  Paul  born  1742  died 
1802  age  60  years  Christian  Benner  died  1767  the  oldest 
and  the  first  enterred  here  have  no  grave  Stones.  This 
church  Stands  at  the,  or  near  the  line  of  Covantry  Town- 
ship and  in  Vincent  Township.  Sebastian  Root  above  men- 
tioned of  his  father  Sebastian  Root  came  to  this  country  and 
picked  berries  on  the  ground  where  the  first  marked  house 
in  the  City  Pha.  afterwards  was  erected  and  Settled  himself 
afterwards  in  the  neighborhood  of  Pottsgrove  now,  then  he 
was  a  young  man  with  no  family.  And  now  I  will  proseed 
to  the  erection  of  St.  Peters  church  in  Pikeland  within  2 
miles  of  the  Yellow  Springs  called  So  then  but  of  late  Chest- 
er Springs,  in  the  year  1771  £'125:05  was  Subscribed  by  89 


East  Vincent  Township.  205 

persons  to  proseed  to  the  erecting  of  this  church  The  Emnys, 
King,  Deerys  and  Hartmans  been  by  this  time  the  leading 
members  or  Charaiters  in  the  Congregation  worshipping 
at  St.  Peters.  This  congregation  hath  Separated  from  the 
Vincent  Congregation.  This  Church  was  built  and  con- 
structed on  the  same  as  the  one  I  have  already  gave  a  dis- 
cription  of  in  all  manner  and  Shape  Pikeland  was  then  gen- 
erally called  Pikestown.  The  offisiating  preacher  at  this 
and  before  this  church  and  others  been  built  The  Rev. 
Henry  Muehlenberg  Sinior  his  own  hand  writting  in  the 
archive  of  this  Congregation  on  the  10  day  of  November 
tuesday  1772  in  the  evening  after  the  concecration  of  this 
church  wrote  thuse  Heinrich  Muehlenberg  Sinior;  Ludvig 
Voigt  been  then  the  officsiating  preacher  Henry  Muehlen- 
berg was  requested  by  Ludvig  Yoigt  to  oflicsiate  at  the  con- 
cecration of  this  church  he  brought  his  lady  and  the  Sweedish 
pastor  of  Wicacoce  of  Philadelphia  in  company  Yoigt  re- 
quested the  Rev.  Muehlenberg  to  deliver  the  first  Sermon 
and  did  So  his  Text  genes:  23.  20-22  and  at  the  close  of  the 
forenoon  Servis  he  published  that  in  the  afternoon  a  cermon 
in  English  should  be  delivered  which  to  a  great  drong  of 
persons  The  Sweedish  pastor  he  did  (on  the  8 the  Said  month 
Sunday  Servis  began  and  lasted  three  days  and  in  the  even- 
ing of  the  thirth  day  the  Rev.  gentleman  wrote  as  above 
Stated)  and  his  Text  Ephes.  6.10  and  next  daymonday 
morning  the  Rev.  Muehlenberg  a  cermon  in  german  Text. 
Ephes:  6.  10.  and  afternoon  the  Sweedish  pastor  in  the  eng- 
lish  Text.  Lev.  24.  29.  To  which  proseedings  in  detail  he 
Subscribed  his  Name  and  the  intire  is  his  hand  writing  on 
December  21th.  1772  an  Election  for  Trusties  wardens  and 
elders  and  consistory  jusen  of  the  following  persons  four 
Trustees  Jacob  Danfeltzer  Adam  Mosis  Michal  Koenig  and 
Conrad  Sellner  4  decons  Henry  Knerr  george  Emrick  Zach- 
arias  Rice  and  Peter  Hartman.  Three  wardens  Valtine 
(Foos-Fus)  Baltasar  Ludwig  and  Said  persons  been  in  Stated 
March  14th  1773  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Muehlenberg  Junior 
who  Injoined  their  duties  on  them,  which  proseedings  both 


206  East  Vincent  Township. 

father  and  Son  entereth  at  lenth  into  the  archive  of  Said  St. 
Peters  church.  I  shall  now  proseed  to  give  the  Names  of 
the  oldest  members  hurried  on  this  burying  place  as  taken 
from  the  tomb  or  grave  Stones  John  Hartman  died  1775  the 
father  of  Peter  who  was  the  father  Major  in  the  Revolution 
the  father  of  george  who  was  formarly  Sheriff  of  this  County 
who  was  the  father  of  the  present  george  who  is  generally 
called  general  Hartman,  he  when  with  him  has  promissed 
me  to  bring  me  his  grandfathers  Jornal  which  he  had  kept 
when  out  in  servis  in  the  Revolution  with  a  grat  many 
anedotes  and  songs  but  has  not  as  yet  performed  according 
to  his  promise.  Peter  Hartman  born  1740  died  1810  age 
70  years  a  revolutionar  Vallantine  Orner  born  1743  died 
1818  age  75  Conrad  Miller  died  1774.  Vallantine  Fuss  born 
1744  died  1815  age  71  years.  Conrad  Seiner  born  1722 
died  1777  age  55  years  george  Emrick  born  1730  did  1800 
age  71  his  wife  died  1822  age  90  years  who  been  the  parents 
of  the  present  generation  of  Emerys  as  they  write  their 
name  now;  Now  i  Shall  proseed  to  Zions  Church  in  con- 
nexion with  St.  Peters.  The  original  archive  of  this  Con- 
grigation  church  is  in  Some  way  or  manner  got  lost  The  ger- 
man  Lutherans  and  Reformed  Calvinists  in  these  parts  of  the 
county  obtained  this  lot  of  ground  consisting  of  about  10  acres 
of  ground  jointly  a  house  had  then  been  thereon  to  meet  in, 
each  Sosiety  had  their  officiate  The  Rev.  Henry  Muehlenberg 
Sin.  of  whom  is  made  mention  above  residing  in  Philadelphia 
then  was  the  Lutheran  preacher  and  likely  Sinicus  of 
whom  i  have  made  mention  above  the  prespeteran  preacher 
till  about  the  year  1770  when  from  time  to  time  Consulta- 
tions been  on  the  Subject  of  erecting  a  new  house  of  wor- 
ship The  members  could  not  agree  on  a  Site  to  Suit  them 
all  the  members  that  after  erected  St.  Peters  wished  to  have 
it  nearer  french  creek  or  rather  on  their  Side  but  the  vin- 
cent  members  did  not  give  way  and  retained  their  place  and 
Satisfied  the  others  for  their  Shares,  the  members  of  the 
Zions  church  and  Reformed  Calvanists  and  St.  Peters  after- 
wards,  and  each  making  preparation  to  erect  new  building 


East  Vincent  Township.  207 

to  Suit  their  purpose  the  Pikelanders  erected  about  the  one 
as  alrady  discribed  in  all  respects  to  that,  all  of  wood  the 
vincenters  erected  the  present  Stone  Structur  of  red  Sand 
stone  the  front  fronting  on  the  Schulkill  road  about  two  mile 
of  the  french  creek  Bridge  is  half  a  mile  from  the  general 
Pike  were  this  road  and  Branson  road  forks.  The  front  of 
this  Edifice  is  of  hewn  Stone  in  Sight  of  the  reading  rail- 
road below  and  nearly  opposed  Springville  here  at  this 
church  the  eye  has  a  prospect  over  a  great  part  of  Mont- 
gomry  and  Berks  Countys  now  i  will  encert  the  most  of 
the  names  cut  in  full  in  the  Stones  over  the  front  door  Rev. 
L.  Focht  but  he  himself  wrote  his  Name  Voight  he  living 

then  in only  performing  Servis  alternately  here.  C. 

Shoener,  H.  Herpel,  J.  Essig,  R.  Essig,  Peter  Miller,  Shu- 
man  Henry  Christman  1774  now  follow  the  names  i  copied 
off  of  the  Slabs  and  Tomb  Stones  at  this  place  close  to  the 
front  gable  end  door  Ludwig  Yoight  was  born  in  Mansfield 
germany  1731  and  intered  1800  age  69  year  and  13  days  it 
was  comjucted  that  there  where  not  less  than  three  Thousand 
persons  at  this  funeral  John  Hause  1835  age  73  his  father 
John  is  Burried  at  Rohdes  grave  yard,  Benjamin  Roger 
died  1823  age  54  Andrew  ortlip  died  1819  Jacob  Finkbine 
born  1754  died  1822  age  68  Nicholas  Snider  born  1741  died 
1822  age  78  Henry  Haus  son  of  John  died  1825  age  56  Peter 
Miller  son  of  Peter  Miller  died  1825  age  42  he  been  the 
organist  Peter  Miller  Sin  born  1734  died  1803  age  69  John 
Maurer  born  1746  died  1800  age  73  John  Shuman  born 
1767  died  1822  age  54  Henry  Miller  Son  of  Peter  born 
1773  died  1838  age  65  Clements  Rentgen  born  1754  died 
1833  David  Royer  died  1832  age  60  Henry  Maurer  born 
1739  died  1800  age  60,  this  is  the  father  of  the  writer  of 
this  Henry  Sheeder  born  1745  died  1807  age  62  Jacob  Hail- 
man  born  1780  died  1811  age  31  Stephen  or  Stevanus  Hail- 
maii  the  father  born  1744  died  1821  age  77  Henry  Christ- 
man born  1744  died  1823  age  79  george  Emrick  born  1745 
died  1820  age  66  Zacharias  Ziegler  born  1713  died  1800 
age  87  John  Baker  born  1762  died  1833  age  70  John  Miller 


208  East  Vincent  Township. 

born  1762  died  1825  age  63  Abraham  Knerr  died  1836  age 
65  Mathias  Wartrnan  born  17 —  died  1801  age  57,  Jacob 
Mayer  born  1749  died  1824  aged  75  John  Walter  born  1733 
died  1818  age  79  Wm.  Walter  son  born  1744  died  1818  age 
52 — Harleman  was  a  vestry  member  in  Voigt's  time  Zions 
Church  Stands  in  Pikeland  the  line  joins  the  vincent  line, 
this  edifice  was  commenced  in  1771  untill  1774  and  was 
taken  up  as  a  hospital  the  time  general  Washington  lay  at 
the  Springs  with  the  one  on  the  hill  and  the  train  one  mile 
long  with  the  Sick  its  no  use  of  relating  when  this  was  it 
will  be  familar  to  every  reader  that  it  was  after  the  retreat 
of  the  Battle  of  Brandiwine.  This  church  was  consecrated 
by  the  name  of  Zion  and  the  Congregation  Stiled  in  the 
Charter  The  protistand  german  Lutheran  Congregation 
worshiping  in  the  church  of  Zion  the  Vincent  congergation. 
This  and  the  St.  Peter  congergation  jointly  purchased  a 
place  for  their  minister  to  reside  among  their  midst  and  in 
the  year  1787  purchased  for  a  parsonage  of  John  Hause  50 
acres  a  mile  above  Zion's  church  for  the  Sum  of  £215  :  : 
05  :  00  which  was  paid  by  the  Elders  and  wardens  of  both 
Congregations  namly  Peter  Miller  John  Walter  Peter 
Shuman  on  the  Side  of  Zion  and  george  Emry  Chacarias 
Rice  and  Danfelzer  of  St.  Peters  there  are  no  records  at 
hand  of  the  purchase  money  and  the  erection  of  Zion  but 
must  to  been  considerable  Towards  the  erection  of  St.  Peters 
was  subscribet  in  the  year  1771  £125  :  3  :  3.  by  89  persons 
the  Emmericks  Deerey  and  Hardmans  been  till  then  the 
leading  members  of  the  Congration  of  St,  Peters  till  of  late 
years  The  Christman,  Haus,  and  Millers  of  the  Vincent  Con- 
gregation till  of  late  and  of  this  one  place  of  worship  at 
Zion  there  been  till  within  2  years  6  Churchis  erected. 
Ludwig  Voigt  had  been  the  recular  preacher  from  Some- 
time before  Zion  and  St.  Peters  been  erected  untill  his  decease 
Muehlenberg  the  first  of  all,  St.  Peters  as  had  been  built  of 
logs  and  not  So  dureable  and  too  small  as  the  members 
increased  They  rebuilt  one  of  Stone  jointly  with  the  Re- 
formed protestand  with  an  organ  in;  In  the  year  1808  and 


East  Vincent  Township.  209 

in  the  year  1835  one  knight  was  sat  afire  arid  burned  down 
It  then  Stood  in  the  grave  yard  it  was  immediately  rebuilt 
outside  and  below  the  graveyard.  After  the  decease  of 
Ludwig  Yoigt  Rev.  Rebenack  made  but  a  Short  Stay  and 
was  discharged  on  account  of  his  Lady  in  1805  did  not  git 
to  live  on  the  parsonage  that  was  rented  on  account  as 
the  Pikland  Congregation  had  taken  Henry  gaisenhimer  of 
whom  the  vincent  Congregation  had  a  dislike  A  Short 
time  after  the  Rev.  Frederick  Isinsky  became  the  acceptable 
and  beloved  and  united  preacher  at  both  churchis  Zion  and 
St.  Peter  untill  his  decease,  had  beforehand  requested  that  if 
he  Should  die  here  That  they  Should  Bury  him  at  St.  Peters 
now  he  rests  their  he  posesed  the  parsonage  during  life  and 
in  his  time  been  new  Stone  house  and  barn  erected  by  the 
Congregations  on  the  parsonage  he  allways  performed  his 
duty  as  a  preacher  in  great  arnest,  in  his  last  Sermon  he  ob- 
served Some  as  i  thought  not  quite  attandive  he  made  a  clap 
with  the  balm  of  his  hand  requesting  them  to  listen  for  as 
he  said,  it  was  likely  the  last  time  he  was  Speaking  to  his 
hearers  and  in  fact  it  was  he  was  confined  but  a  Short  time 
and  after  his  decease  the  Rev.  Frederick  gaisenhiners  be- 
came the  regular  preacher's  of  the  two  Congregations  untill 
the  Sinior  was  called  to  New  york  and  the  Junior  remained 
untill  he  was  called  theire  likewise  Then  the  Rev.  Jacob 
Wampole  became  the  recular  preacher  and  posesed  liek  his 
predecessors  the  parsonage  untill  his  health  became  im- 
paired, had  other  Churches  toattent  to  and  his  constitution 
weakly  caused  him  to  leve  thes  2  Congregations  In  the 
time  of  the  gaisenhiners  English  preaching  in  the  afternoon 
in  both  churchis  was  atmitted  and  continuse  So  After 
Wampole  left  in  the  Spring  of  1836  the  Rev.  Frederick 
Ruthrautf  became  the  ordinary  preacher  of  both  Congrega- 
tions and  had  possession  of  the  parsonage  but  in  the  year 
1842  a  disagreeableness  in  the  Vincent  Vestry  or  Consistory 
and  was  forbidden  to  preach  in  Zion  and  was  ordered  to 
leve  the  parsonage  he  accordingly  done  so  moved  into  the 
Neighborhood  of  Lyonville  retained  St.  Peters  arid  Lyon- 
VOL.  xxxiv. — 14 


210  East  Vincent  Township. 

ville  congregation  and  St.  Matthews  on  the  Canostoco  pike 
a  JSTew  church  a  mile  above  that  at  formerly  Ludwigs 
Tavern  and  in  the  year  1848  left  after  he  had  caused  a  dim- 
memberment  of  that  Congregation  The  orthodox  Seporated 
and  erected  an  other  new  edifice  close  by  above  the  grave- 
yard after  Suit  had  comenced ;  why  I  say  orthodox  every 
proseedings  from  the  beginning  of  Vincent  and  St.  Peters 
Congregations  to  them  the  paronage  belonged  jointly  to 
both  and  house  and  barn  jointly  erected  for  the  purpose  of 
germen  preaching  and  all  expenses  bore  jointly  from  the 
begining  till  here  when  Rughrauff  caused  a  Split  of  this 
St.  Peters  Congregation  St.  Peters  has  no  more  germen 
preaching  Since  Rughraiff  left  and  his  party  got  the  parson- 
age Sold  the  orthodox  purchased  the  same,  Rev.  W.  Cron 
is  their  preacher  since  Rughrauff  left  and  no  more  germen 
preached  the  orthodox  retain  the  germen  the  Vincent  Con- 
gregation Rev.  Joseph  Miller  Served,  from  the  Trapp,  till 
the  Rev.  W.  Wei  don  got  to  be  the  regular  precher  at  Zion 
and  St.  Paul,  germen  in  the  forenoon,  and  english  in  the 
afternoon  W.  Weldon  the  present  Pastor  purchased  the 
parsonage  of  the  tow  Congregations  of  all  which  Rughrauff 
was  the  cause  If  he  had  never  came  here  all  would  remain 
as  tofor  and  this  contemptuousness  would  not  to  had  taken 
place,  this  w^as  built  two  or  three  years  before  the  dis- 
turbans  took  place.  This  church  was  erected  jointly  by 
the  Lutherand  and  prespeterans,  The  one  about  one  mile  at 
the  pike  at  Ludwick's  called  St.  Andrew,  Episcopalian's 
information  of  Win.  Rogers  late  Sheriff  of  this  County,  The 
members  that  erected  the  first  meeting  house  of  what  is 
called  quaker  meetinghouse,  now  and  Since  the  new  erected 
at  Kimberton  is  used  as  a  Schoolroom  half  mile  from  Kim- 
berton  have  been  the  family  of  Starrs  at  Starrs  foard  now 
PhoenixVille  and  Joseph  Rogers  the  grantfather  of  the 
informant  Settled  at  french  creek  of  which  I  have  made 
mention  alrady  Joseph  with  his  father  settled  there  when 
Joseph  was  but  two  years  old  and  They  been  the  first  white 
family  that  Settled  among  the  red  children  of  the  Forrest 


East  Vincent  Township.  211 

and  there  Several  wigwams  in  the  bank  where  now  the 

harn  Stands  which  is  now  126  years  1845 James  a 

brother  of  Joseph  a  pirty  Stout  fellow  use  to  fight  and  ras- 
sel  with  the  indian  boys  on  this  place  was  the  first  pottery 
erected  in  thise  parts,  and  the  Second  one  on  Paul  Benners 
place  that  became  afterwards  my  first  place  in  1800  and 
where  that  pottery  Stood  i  put  the  first  house  I  had  built 
Now  i  proseed  to  the  Church  on  the  hill  between  a  half 
mile  and  one  mile  above  Zions  church  of  which  I  here  and 
their  made  Som  mention  of,  first  Related  to  me  by  Henry 
Hoffman  leader  of  the  choir  in  both  these  churchis  for  42 
or  43  years  and  of  good  memory  he  relates  as  follows  in  re- 
lation of  this  church  on  the  hill  in  the  first  built  on  the  old 
church  here  are  the  names  of  the  ministers  that  preached  in 
Rev.  Leidy  Rev.  Bumb  Rev.  Dallacker  Rev.  Harman  in  his 
time  the  new  was  built  John  guldin  and  J.  R.  Hooken  the 
present  one,  then  he  Said  The  oldest  that  are  buirried  here 
on  this  grave  yard  are  Philip  Andrew  Thomas  Snider  Cas- 
par Snider  Philip  Rapp  and  all  the  old  Labachs  old  Yost 
Smith  Michal  Taney  the  family  of  the  old  Hecks  and  the 
Rev.  F.  S.  Harmon  was  the  preacher  at  Brumbacks  church 
since  built  in  1800  before  him  been  the  Rev.  Leidey  Rev. 
N.  Burnb  and  Rev.  Frederick  Dellacker  then  he  gave  infor- 
mation of  a  good  many  of  the  first  Settlers  and  proseeds  on 
and  Says,  in  the  year  1750  was  Rohdes  Meetinghouse  built 
and  1795  was  Laurance  Hippel  Buirried  their  old  Wagner 
was  buirried  and  old  Adam  Miller  also  before  the  Revolu- 
tion Now  i  proseed  of  what  I  coppied  off,  of  the  Tomb 
Stones  in  this  grave  yard  as  follows  Nicholaus  gearhard 
born  1740  died  1820  age  85  years  John  Shott  born  1755 
died  1813  age  62  Martin  Shoenhalz  died  1807  age  71 
Thomas  Snider  born  1716  died  1782  age  66  Caspar  Snider, 
Brigate  inspector  the  son  of  the  first,  born  1762  died  1823 
Peter  Defrahn  born  1733  died  1782  age  49  Michal  Saiffer 
born  1724  died  1802  age  78  John  Labach  born  1728  died 
1808  age  80  John  Labach  son  born  1766  died  1823  age  57 
John  Hoffman  born  1745  died  1815  age  70  John  Otwine 


212  East  Vincent  Township. 

born  1734  died  1791  age  57  Harman  Burbauer  born  1747 
died  1801  age  60  John  yeager  born  1758  died  1830  age  72 
george  yeager  father  of  the  former  born  1718  died  1790  age 
72  Peter  yeager  born  1765  died  1811  age  46.  Peter 
Shunck  uncle  of  the  govuner  born  1756  died  1814  age  58 
Henry  Hippel  born  1759  died  1843  age  84  the  father  is  buir- 
ried  at  Rohdes  meetinghous  george  Kirsh  born  1755  died 
1837  age  82  Caspar  Snider  born  1724  died  1821  age  79 
Benjamin  Boyer  died  1780  born  1727  age  53  years  the  first 
one  buirried  here  on  this  grave  yard  Barnhard  Rapp  son  of 
of  the  above  born  1761  died  1824  age  63  Frederick  Rapp 
brother  born  1766,  died  1833  age  67  John  Rapp  brother 
born  1773  died  1838  age  65  Jacob  Rapp  a  brother  born  1774 
died  1838  age  63  Benjamin  Rapp  brother  born  1776  died 
1823  age  47  Conrad  Shearer  born  1767  died  1834  age  67 
John  March  born  1735  died  1806  age  71.  There  are  400 
corps  entered  in  this  yard 

(To  be  continued.) 


Servants  and  Apprentices.  213 


RECORD  OF  SERVANTS  AND  APPRENTICES  BOUND 
AND  ASSIGNED  BEFORE  HON.  JOHN  GIBSON, 
MAYOR  OF  PHILADELPHIA,  DECEMBER  STH,  1772- 
MAY  21,  1773. 

(Continued  from  page  121.) 

1773. 

April  15th. 

Maria  Catherine  Mifflin  with  consent  of  her  Father 
George,  apprentice  to  Jacob  Waggner  of  Phila  cooper. 

Betty— Mulattoe  [March  21"  1772]  assigned  by  Samuel 
Moore  to  Samuel  M°Clure  of  Southwark. 

John  Zinn  apprentice  to  Richard  Porter,  Tallow  Chandler, 
before  Isaac  Jones  Esqr  Mayor  by  Joseph  Warner  and 
Isaac  Cathrall,  Overseers  of  the  Poor,  the  Indenture  now 
cancelled,  apprentice  to  George  Wack  of  Phila  Cordwainer 
by  the  Managers  of  the  House  of  Employment. 

Owen  Carney  &  1  servants    to    William    Montgomery    of 

William  Dodd    /     Augusta  Co,  Virginia. 

Luke  Haley  servant  to  Wm  Montgomery  of  Augusta 
County,  Virginia. 

John  Burns  servant  to  Bernard  Sweeny  of  Augusta 
County,  Virginia. 

John  Harrold,  servant  to  Edward  Gather  of  Augusta  Co. 
Virginia. 

Tkos  Brown  serv*  to  Edward  Gather  of  Augusta  Co.  Va. 

April  16th. 

Sarah  Coif  or  d  servant  assign'd  by  Anna  Margaret  Menge, 
Executrix  to  the  Estate  of  Henry  Menge  dec'd  to  John 
Menge  of  the  Northern  Liberties. 

Alexander  Duguid  apprentice  to  Richard  Armit  of  Phil3. 

Thomas  Marshall  servant  to  Wm  Montgomery  of  Augusta 
County,  Va. 


214:  Servants  and  Apprentices. 

Thomas  Mayfield  &  )  servants  to  Barnard  Sweeny  of  Au- 
Daniel  Montgomery  )      gusta  County,  Virginia. 
John  Murphy  servant  to  Edward  Gather  of  Augusta  Co. 
Joseph   Aydelott   apprentice    to   Peter  January   of  Phila 
cordwainer. 

April  17th. 

Michael  Hitts  apprentice  to  George  Cooper,  Skin  Dresser 
of  Phil*. 

Gertrude  Shoemaker  last  from  Rotterdam,  servant  to  Ed- 
ward Penington  of  Phila. 

Martha   Murray  ^ 


Francis  More 
Mary  Nichols 


servants  to  James  Taylor  of  Shippens- 
burgh  Cumberland  Co. 


Mary  Humphreys 

Sarah  Frazier  )  servants   to   James    Taylor  of  Shippens- 

Judith  Conner  /      burgh  Pa. 

Susannah  Thompson  servant  to  James  Taylor  ot  Shippens- 
burgh. 

Benjamin  Bankson  apprentice  to  Samuel  Burge  of  Phila 
Distiller. 

Sophia  Quinn  a  poor  child  aged  about  six  years  apprentice 
to  James  Nevil  of  the  Northern  Liberties  by  the  Managers 
of  the  House  of  Employment. 

Elizabeth  Clarke  servant  to  Robert  Bill  of  Phila. 

John  Chambers  with  consent  of  his  Mother  Mary  Cham- 
bers, apprentice  to  Caspar  Souder  of  the  Northern  Liberties 
of  Phil3  cordwainer. 

Henry  Fox  with  consent  of  his  Step-Mother  Eliza,  Ap- 
prentice to  Jacob  Brand  of  Phila  cedar-cooper. 

Jeremiah  Bourgeois  with  consent  of  his  Father  John,  ap- 
prentice to  Frederick  Hitner  of  Phila. 

April  20th. 

Richard  Stacy  with  consent  of  his  uncle  John  Tolly,  ap- 
prentice to  Levy  Marks  of  Phila. 

Michael  Haley  apprentice  to  John  McCullouch  in  Ireland, 


Servants  and  Apprentices.  215 

the  Indenture  being  lost,  apprentice  to  Hugh  M°Culloch  of 
Phila  Merch*. 

Samuel  Milward  assigned  by  Noel  Todd  to  William  Peer- 
son  of  the  Northern  Liberties  Phila. 

Daniel  Mc  Michael  with  consent  of  his  Mother  Mary,  ap- 
prentice to  George  Way,  coach  maker  of  Phila. 

Thomas  Cummings  with  consent  of  his  Father  John,  ap- 
prentice to  Stephen  Phipps  of  Phila  Taylor. 


April 

Henry  Creber  with  consent  of  his  Father,  apprentice  to 
George  White  of  Phila  Taylor. 

James  Lovers  with  consent  of  his  Mother  Mary,  appren- 
tice to  Edward  Bonsell  of  Phila. 

Catherine  Blanck  last  from  Rotterdam  by  Joseph  Pem- 
berton  of  Phila. 

Levin  Harmanson  with  consent  of  his  mother  Sabia  Jestor 
signified  by  his  Uncle  John  Harmanson  apprentice  to  Rob- 
ert Loosely  of  Phil*. 

Matthias  Kemp  with  consent  of  his  Father  Christian  ap- 
prentice to  Jacob  Sivevell  of  Phila. 

Peter  Welter  with  consent  of  his  Mother  Mary,  apprentice 
to  George  Way  of  Phila  Coach-Maker. 

Luke  Coleman  [Jan7  21st  1773]  assign'd  by  John  Keller 
to  Chamless  Allen  of  Phila. 

Mary  Mitchell  with  consent  of  her  Father  John  Mitchell, 
apprentice  to  Jonathan  Newhouse  of  New  Britain  Township 
and  his  wife. 

Mary  Mcllroy  who  was  under  an  Indenture  of  Servitude 
to  Andrew  Porter  now  cancelled,  servant  to  Charles  Prior 

of  Phila. 

April  28rd. 

James  Kegan  assign'd   by  James  Cooper  to  John  Wil- 

cocks. 

April  24th. 

James  Enoss  with  consent  of  his  Father  and  Mother  ap- 
prentice to  John  Martin  of  Phila. 


216  Servants  and  Apprentices. 

April  26th. 

Elizabeth  Waggoner  with  consent  of  her  Father  Frederic, 
apprentice  to  Benjamin  Davis  of  Phila  and  his  wife. 

Ann  Canjumtach  [Decr  218*  1768 — I.  Jones  Esqr]  assign 'd 
by  Nicholas  Barkow  to  Thomas  Bishop. 

Hugh  Owen  last  from  Liverpool,  apprentice  to  Jonathan 
Meredith  of  Phil*  currier. 

Robert  Mortimer  who  was  under  an  Indenture  of  Servi- 
tude to  Jacob  Fletcher  for  his  passage  from  Liverpool  now 
cancelled,  apprentice  to  Jonathan  Meredith  of  Phila  Currier. 

April  28th. 

Ann  Oquener  [May  18th  1772]  to  Guy  Johnson  of  Albany. 

John  Hasleton  assigned  by  Isaac  Jones  to  Samuel  Brusster 
of  the  Northern  Liberties. 

Thomas  Yardlay  with  consent  of  his  father,  apprentice  to 
Sam11  Brusster  ship  carpenter  of  the  Northern  Libertys. 

Daniel  Bakely  with  consent  of  his  Father  Henry,  appren- 
tice to  George  Furback  of  the  Northern  Liberties  of  Phila. 

Paul  Cooper  with  consent  of  his  Father  David  signified  by 
a  letter  to  Reuben  Hains,  apprentice  to  Uriah  Woolman  of 
Phil3. 

Robert  Cowell  servant  to  Edmond  Milare. 

James  Belfour  servant  to  Archibald  Graham  of  Frederic 
County,  Virginia. 

George  Schnitzer  [April  22d  1772]  under  Indenture  to 
George  Cooper,  apprentice  to  Matthias  Sherman  of  Phila 
cordwainer. 

William  Filliston  servant  to  Archibald  Graham  of  Virginia. 

April  29th. 

Adam  Rifty  with  consent  of  his  mother  Anna  Marg*,  ap- 
prentice to  Michael  Graff  of  the  Northern  Liberties,  Tanner 
and  Currier. 

Elizabeth  Korean  with  consent  of  her  Father  William  ap- 
prentice to  John  Halzer  of  Phila  and  his  wife. 


Servants  and  Apprentices.  217 

William  Becket  under  Indenture  to  James  Cooper  now 
cancelled,  paid  for  his  passage  from  Liverpool,  servant  to 
James  Starr  of  Phila. 

April  30th. 

Christian  Brandt  last  from  London,  servant  to  Joseph 
Potts. 

Francis  Cooper  [Nov.  29th  1771]  under  Indenture  to  Eph- 
raim  Faulkner  now  cancelled,  apprentice  to  Robert  Patter- 
son of  Phila. 

Charles  Gleckner  last  from  London  to  Israel  Morris,  and 
assigned  by  him  to  Sam1  Morris  Junr  of  Phila. 

John  Gerard  Meyer  last  from  London. 

John  Fred.  Rmtleman. 

John  Miller  last  from  London,  servant  to  William  Allison 
of  Phila  Sugar  Baker. 

Peter  Doyle  with  consent  of  his  Father  James,  apprentice 
to  Philip  Druckinmiller  of  Phila. 

Godfrey  Gibower  last  from  London,  servant  to  Robert 
Parrish  of  Phih 

Daniel  Fegan  with  consent  of  his  Father  Patrick,  appren- 
tice to  Martin  Juges  of  Phila  Cabinet  maker. 

Hugh  Fegan  with  consent  of  his  Father  Patrick,  apprentice 
to  William  Martin  of  Phil*. 

May  1st. 

Elizabeth  Frazier  with  consent  of  her  mother,  apprentice 
to  William  Hodge  and  his  wife  Eleanor  of  Phil*. 

Fred*  Bosserman  last  from  London,  servant  to  Francis 
Hopkinson  of  Phila. 

William  Wood  servant  assign'd  by  David  McCutcheon  to 
George  Correy  of  New  London  Township. 

William  Connoly  a  poor  boy  bound  by  a  majority  of  the 
Managers  of  the  House  of  Employment  to  Patrick  Farrel  of 
Phila  Cooper. 

Charles  Alexander  with  consent  of  his  mother  Eve  Lurke, 
apprentice  to  William  Pierson  of  Kensington  Phil*. 


218  Servants  and  Apprentices. 

John  Woodrow  last  from  London  and  with  consent  of  his 
Friend  William  Norton,  apprentice  to  John  Balderston  Junr 
of  Sol  bury  Township. 

William  Nick  with  consent  of  his  Father,  apprentice  to 
Philip  Druckenmiller  of  Phila  Taylor. 

Simon  Weyland  servant  to  James  Conpaid  of  Phila. 

Edward  McQuillen  last  from  Ireland  assigned  by  Hugh 
Blair  to  Aaron  Ashbridge  of  G-oshen,  Chester  Co. 

Meredith  Me  Gown  servant  assigned  by  Cap*  William 
McCullough  to  James  Paker  of  Uchland  Township. 

John  Pariol  last  from  London,  servant  to  Andrew  Beck- 
man  of  Phil*. 

Anthony  Koneg  last  from  London  to  William  Logan  Esqr 
of  Phila. 

Nathan  Riffet  with  consent  of  his  Father  Nicholas  appren- 
tice to  William  Tolbert  of  the  Northern  Liberties  Taylor. 
Catherine  Calaker  servant  assign'd  by  Captain  David 
McCuctheon  to  John  Evans  of  Phil*. 

Rachael  Walker  assigned  by  William  McCulloch  to  Walter 
Shea  of  Phila. 

Ann  Murphy  assigned  by  William  McCullough  to  George 
Stan  forth  of  Princeton,  New  Jersey. 

May  4-th. 

Ann  Murray  assign'd  by  Jos  Cooper  to  James  Logan  of 
Phil3. 

Henry  Harrier  last  from  London  by  Richard  Rundle  of 
Phila  servant  to  him  with  consent  of  his  Father. 

Samuel  Low  servant  to  James  Lees  of  Phil*. 

Robert  Biggart  last  from  Ireland  by  James  Blaxton  of 
Chester  Township. 

Margaret  McKivan  assign'd  by  William  McCullough  to 
Patrick  Bevin  of  Southwark. 

Daniel  McEvoy  under  indenture  of  servitude  to  William 
McCullough  now  cancelled,  last  from  Ireland,  servant  to 
James  Stewart  of  Phila  and  assigned  by  him  to  William 
Rerion  of  the  Northern  Liberties. 


Servants  and  Apprentices.  219 

Jane  Blair  assigned  by  William  McCullough  to  Job  Fal- 
lows of  Ashe  Town,  Chester  County. 

Clemens  Manypenny  assign'd  by  William  M°Cullough  to 
Job  Fallows  of  Ashetown. 

William  Honeyman  with  consent  of  his  Father,  apprentice 
to  Robert  Smith  of  Phila  Hatter. 

Samuel  Smart  under  Indenture  of  Servitude  to  William 
Thompson  for  his  passage  from  Ireland  now  cancelled,  ap- 
prentice to  Eobert  Kennedy  of  Phila. 

May  5th. 

Conrad  Undersee  under  Indenture  of  Servitude  to  George 
Ross  now  cancelled,  servant  to  George  Kastner  Whitpain 
Township. 

Adam  M'Connell  assign'd  by  Hugh  Blair  to  John  Smith 
of  Lower  Chichester. 

Patrick  Tagert  assign'd  by  Hugh  Blair  to  John  Smith  of 
Lower  Chichester. 

John  Peter  Gable  last  from  London,  to  Reuben  Hains  of 
Phila  and  assigned  by  him  to  Wm  M°Clay  Esqr  of  Sunberry, 
Northumberland  County. 

James  Sweeney  [July  13th  1772]  assign'd  by  John  O'Bryan 
to  his  Father  Dennis  Sweeney,  of  Carlisle. 

John  Francis  Gonder  last  from  London,  servant  to  Michael 
Lapp  of  East  Whiteland  Township,  Chester  Co. 

Mary  McGee  servant  assign'd  by  Cap*  Willm  M°Cullough 
to  Benjamin  Lightfoot  of  Reading. 

Henry  Conrad  Boger  last  from  London,  to  Levis  Lohren 
of  Phila. 

Sarah  Smart  assign'd  by  William  Thompson  to  John 
Shurman  of  Phila. 

Jacob  Hoober  with  consent  of  his  Father  Rudolph  appren- 
tice to  John  Rouch  of  Phila  Skinner. 

Thomas  Eiddle  last  from  London  servant  to  William  Cliff- 
ton  of  South wark. 

Margaret  Mc  Cloud  assign'd  by  William  McCullough  to 
George  Ranken  of  Phila. 


220  Servants  and  Apprentices. 

Patrick  Hile  assigned  by  William  McCullough  to  James 
Pullton  of  Phil8. 

George  M'Giliis  assigned  by  William  McCullough  to  Sel- 
wood  Griffin  of  Phila. 

May  6th. 

David  Clarke  with  consent  of  his  Brother  John,  appren- 
tice to  Francis  Tremble  of  Phila  cabinet-maker. 

James  Loughlin  last  from  Ireland,  under  Indenture  to 
John  and  James  Luke  now  cancelled,  servant  to  William 
Alleson  of  Phil*. 

John  Mc 'leers  last  from  Ireland,  under  Indenture  to  Wil- 
liam McCullough  now  cancelled,  servant  to  John  Steel  of 
North  Carolina. 

Mary  Huthinson  assigned  by  William  McCullough  to  Sam- 
uel Shoemaker  Esqr  of  Phil4. 

Mary  Donnan  assigned  by  William  McCullough  to  Jacob 
Miller  of  the  Northern  Liberties. 

Esther  Piles  with  consent  of  her  Guardian  John  Wheel- 
bank  of  Lewis  Town,  apprentice  to  Hannah  Donaldson  of 
Phila. 

John  Doyle  assign'd  by  David  Hoops  to  William  Dibley  of 
Phila  [Oct.  20th  1772]. 

John  Yourt  last  from  Ireland,  under  Indenture  to  William 
Thompson  now  cancelled,  to  William  Donnell  of  Phil4. 

John  Menge  with  consent  of  his  Mother  Margaret,  appren- 
tice to  Jacob  Weaver  of  the  Northern  Liberties,  Tanner 
and  Currier. 

May  7th. 

Patrick  Keith  to  Benjamin  Davis  of  Phila. 

John  Graham  aged  seven  years,  with  consent  of  his 
Mother  Mary,  apprentice  to  Isaac  Coran  of  Phil3  Tavern 
keeper. 

John  Henry  Miller  last  from  London  with  consent  of  his 
Mother  Dorothea,  apprentice  to  Thomas  Penrose  of  South- 
wark,  ship-carpenter  and  mast-maker. 


Servants  and  Apprentices.  221 

Christina  Barbara  Danderin  last  from  Rotterdam  to  Tho' 
Penrose  of  Southwark. 

Daniel  Rourke  assigned  to  John  Inglis  of  Phila. 

John  Hart  servant  to  Charles  Gibbs  of  Maryland. 

Cornelius   Durre    [Nov.   18th  1772]    servant   assign 'd   by 
Archibald  McElroy  to  William  Blythe  of  Phila. 

James  Kite  assign'd  by  Joseph  Volam  to  John  Goodwin 
of  Phila. 
Jeremiah  Merry  field 


William  Hartley 
William  Vayhome 
John  Bragg 
John  Davies 


Assign'd  by  Joseph  Volamsto  Abrara 
Kinsing  of  Phila. 


May  8th. 

Charles  Warner  with  consent  of  his  father  Joseph  appren- 
tice to  Benjamin  Hooton  of  Phil*. 

Henry  Howard  with  consent  of  his  father  Peter,  appren- 
tice to  Joseph  Warner  of  Phila. 

John  Mannen  with  consent  of  his  Father,  apprentice  to 
John  Fox  of  Greshem  Township. 

Richard  Orcle  assign'd  by  Seymour  Hood  to  Joseph  Lachet 
of  Wrights  Town. 

William  Simmer  assigned  by  Seymour  Hood  to  Samuel 
Meredith  of  Phila. 

Robert  Powell  assign'd  by  Seymour  Hood  to  Edward 
Wells  of  Phil3. 

Daniel  M'ANully  servant  assign'd  by  Captain  William 
McCullough  to  Jacob  Richardson  of  Upper  Merion  Town- 
ship. 

Thomas  Hobbs  Redemptioner  to  Seymour  Hood,  now  can- 
celled, last  from  Bristol,  servant  to  John  Brown  of  Willis 
Town. 

James  Porter  a  servant  assigned  by  William  Thompson  to 
John  Hanna  of  Phil*. 

Thomas  Watson  servant  assign'd  by  Captain  Seymour 
Hood  to  John  Britton  of  the  Northern  Liberties  Phil*. 


222  Servants  and  Apprentices. 

Peter  Blatchly  last  from  Bristol,  Redemptioner  to  Captain 
Seymour  Hood  now  cancelled,  servant  to  James  Sharswood 
of  Phila. 

May  10th. 

Mabel  McCartney  assign'd  by  William  McCullough  to  John 
Hopkins,  Salisbury  Township. 

John  Pansier  with  consent  of  his  Father  Ludwig  appren- 
tice to  Henry  Sheatz  of  White  marsh  Township. 

Joshua  Johnston  [Henry  Harrison  Esqr  Mayor]  assign'd 
by  Thomas  Hough  to  William  Milner  of  Phila. 

Isabella  Hansen  apprentice  to  Eliza  Hamen  of  Phil*. 
William   Hopkins   servant   assigned   by   Captain    Joseph 
Volans  to  Benjamin  Cathrall  of  Newtown. 

James  Beere  with  consent  of  his  Father  Jonathan  appren- 
tice-to John  Fuss  of  Phil*  Sailmaker. 

John  Bell  assigned  by  Seymour  Hood  to  Stephen  Watts 
Esqr  of  Phila. 

William  Hind  assign'd  by  William  McCullough  to  John 
Aiken  of  Pencader. 

James  Carr  with  consent  of  his  Father  William,  appren- 
tice to  Richard  Parmer  of  Phila  Joyner  and  chair  maker. 

Anthony  Coupal  [Jany  18th  1773]  assign'd  by  Matthew 
Potter  to  Jacob  Ritter  of  Phila. 

Aaron  Jayne  under  Indenture  of  Servitude  to  Seymour 
Hood  cancelled,  servant  to  Andrew  Buckhard  of  Phila. 

Mary  Fitzgerald  [Feb7  19th  1773]  servant  assign'd  by 
James  Whitehood  by  order  of  William  Moore  to  William 
Elton  of  Phila. 

May  llth. 

Ami  EIJAs  assign'd  by  Hugh  Blair  to  Michael  Troy,  Pax- 
ton  township. 

William  Tally  assign'd  by  Seymour  Hood  to  William 
Brown  of  Phila. 

Thomas  Grames  assign'd  by  Samuel  Moore  to  George 
Ranken  of  Phila. 


Servants  and  Apprentices.  223 

Mary  Fitzgerald  assigu'd  by  William  Elton  to  James 
Taylor  of  Shippensburgh. 

Jacob    Moser    and  )  assign'd  by  Jacob  Dietrick  to  Adam 

Catherine  his  wife  j       Erbe  of  Phila. 

Margaret  Allison  servant  to  James  Taylor  of  Shippens- 
burgh. 

John  Watldns  to  Jacob  Dedrick  of  Waterford. 

Eleaner  Armstrong  to  James  Taylor  of  Shippensburgh. 

Thomas  Sopp  who  was  under  Indenture  to  Seymour  Hood 
now  cancelled,  servant  to  Samuel  Bringhurst  ot  German- 
town. 

Richard  Russell  assign'd  by  Seymour  Hood  to  Richard 
Johns  of  Bedford. 

Henry  Raise  last  from  London  servant  to  Israel  Morris 
Junior  of  Phila  and  by  him  assign'd  to  Sam1  Morris  Junr  of 
Phil*. 

Jane  Wilson  servant  assigned  by  Captain  Noel  Tod  to 
William  Patterson  of  Turbel. 

Lawrence  Byrne  servant  assigned  by  Cap6  ^"oel  Tod  to 
Michael  Troy  of  Sunburry. 

May  12th. 

Nathaniel  Anster  assigned  by  Henry  Gest  to  Pern  Robinson 
of  Phil3. 

Thomas  Harlin  assign'd  by  William  Austin  to  Aaron 
Brown  of  Pittsgrove. 

Owen  Daniel  with  consent  of  his  Father  Henry,  apprentice 
to  Anthony  Billig  of  Phila. 

John  Williams  [June  24th  1771]  apprentice  assign'd  by 
Archibald  Fisher  to  Thomas  Shortell  of  Phil3. 

Joseph  Garwood  with  consent  of  his  Father  William  ap- 
prentice to  Bowyer  Brooke  of  Phila. 

Mary  Fitsgerrald  [May  22nd  1772]  under  Indenture  of  ser- 
vitude to  Rob*  Miller  now  cancelled  servant  to  William 
Golden  of  Phila. 

John  Hall  under  Indenture  to  James  Lilly  for  his  passage 
from  Ireland  now  cancelled,  servant  to  John  Care  of  Phil3. 


224  Servants  and  Apprentices. 

Jean  Gray  servant  assigned  by  Robert  Dunlap  to  Fargust 
Purdon  of  Phila. 

May  13th. 

Simeon  Fortiner  [T.  Jones  Esqr]  apprentice  assigned  by 
Harry  Robinson  to  Israel  Hollo  well  of  Phila. 

Philip  Vemer  [Nov.  20th  1772]  assign'd  by  Henry  Keppele 
junr  to  John  Crush. 

Margaret  Handle  assign'd  by  William  McCullough  to  John 
of  Phil*. 

Mary  Me  Cardie  assign'd  by  William  McCullough  to  Peter 
Howard  of  Phil*. 

Ann  Fitsyerrald  under  Indenture  of  Servitude  to  Noel 
Todd  is  discharged  and  set  free. 

James  Conner  under  Indenture  of  Servitude  to  James 
Crawford  now  cancelled,  to  William  Henry  of  George  Town. 

John  Smith  last  from  London  servant  to  John  Steinmetz 
of  Phil*. 

George  Black  to  Samuel  Black  wood  of  Deptford  Town- 
ship, Maryland. 

May  Hth. 

Harry  Korr  with  consent  of  his  Father  William  apprentice 
to  Samuel  Jarvis  of  Phila  House  Carpenter. 

Daniel  Trimby  assign'd  by  Seymour  Hood  to  Joseph  White 
of  Bristol. 

George  Brooks  assign'd  by  Seymour  Hood  to  John  Merrick 
of  Falls  Township. 

Marg*  Crawford  [June  2nd  1772]  assign'd  by  William 
Adcock  to  James  Lukens  of  Phil8. 

Abram  Outen  with  consent  of  his  friend  Thomas  Cliffton, 
apprentice  to  John  Hamilton  of  Phila  Mariner. 

Thomas  Raine  apprentice  assigned  by  Thomas  Parsons  to 
Simon  Sherlock,  ship  carpenter  of  Southwark. 

Thomas  Davis  last  from  Bristol,  redemptioner  to  Seymour 
Hood  now  cancelled,  servant  to  Peter  Biggs  of  Phila. 

Nicholas  Hand  son  of  Jeremiah  assigned  by  John  Guest 
apprentice  to  John  Hood  of  Phila  cordwainer. 


Servants  and  Apprentices.  225 

May  15th. 

Joseph  Garr  last  from  London  servant  to  Richard  Gibbs 
of  Bensalera  Township. 

Francis  Kelley  servant  assign'd  by  Alexander  Cain  to 
David  Jones  of  Phil*. 

John  Dunn  servant  assigned  by  Cap*  Alexander  Cain 
to  William  Cartir  of  Phila. 

Robert  Dougherty  with  consent  of  his  Father  Richard 
apprentice  to  Martin  Juges  of  Phila  carver  and  gilder. 

John  Thomas  assign'd  by  Joseph  Yolans  to  Richard 
Collins  of  Newtown. 

John  Meloy  under  Indenture  of  Servitude  to  James  Boyd 
now  cancelled,  servant  to  Harman  Fritz. 

Sarah  Gitlis  under  Indenture  to  Alexander  Cain  now  can- 
celled, to  John  Hoskins  of  Burlington. 

William  Kelly  last  from  London,  servant  to  Samuel  Gris- 
com  House-carpenter  of  Phila. 

Robert  Davis  last  from  London,  to  Jacob  Waggoner  of 
Blockly  Township,  Phila. 

May  17th. 

Catherine  Woster  with  consent  of  her  mother,  apprentice 
to  Nicholas  Brum  of  the  Northern  Libertys. 

Conrad  Seyfert  with  consent  of  his  Father  Anthony 
apprentice  to  William  Mentz  of  Phil*  bookbinder. 

Hannah  Gray  don  assign'd  by  Seymour  Hood  to  Samuel 
Read  of  PhiK 

Maria  Turmud  last  from  London,  servant  to  Jacob  Graft 
of  Phila. 

May  18th. 

John  Sebastian  Clinesmith  servant  to  Anthony  Forten  of 
Phil*. 

Timothy  Galley  servant  assign'd  by  Captain  Alexander 
Cain  to  Thomas  Morris  of  Merion. 

John  Perry  under  Indenture  of  Servitude  to  Thomas 
Jann  now  cancelled,  apprentice  to  Richard  Tittemary  of 
Southwark. 

VOL.  xxxiv. — 15 


226  Servants  and  Apprentices. 

John  Stock  servant  assign'd  by  Cap1  Seymour  Hood  to 
Daniel  Bender  of  Phil3. 

John  Church  servant  assigned  by  Captain  Seymour  Hood 
to  Jacob  Giles  junr  of  St.  George's  Parish  Baltimore. 

Andrew  Clinesmith  last  from  London,  servant  to  Michael 
Bishop  of  Lower  Millford. 

May  19th. 

Edward  Qiddons  servant  assign'd  by  Captain  Seymour 
Hood  to  Thomas  Wharton  Senr  of  Phila. 

Sarah  Neilson  a  servant  assign'd  by  Hugh  Blair  to  James 
Hinchman  of  Woolwich. 

John  Walsh          \  Assigned  by  Alexander  Cain  to  James 

Patrick  Morgan    /      Black  of  Kent  in  Maryland. 

Margaret  Musheli  with  consent  of  her  mother  Catherine 
Sifert,  apprentice  to  Israel  Hallowell  of  Phil3. 

Hugh  Heffernon  servant  assign'd  by  Captain  Alexander 
Cain  to  Simon  Shurlock  of  Southwark. 

Thomas  Reily    \  assign'd   by    Richard   Eyres   to    Robert 

Patrick  Crosby  /       Callenden  of  Meadheton. 

Sybella  Leyfert  with  consent  of  her  Father  Anthony  ap- 
prentice to  Robert  Bell  of  Phila. 

Nicholas  Smith  servant  assign'd  by  Richard  Eyres  to  Philip 
Flich  of  Phila. 

John  Kinshalle  servant  assigned  by  Richard  Eyres  to 
George  Goodwine  of  Phil*. 

Thomas  Murphy  servant  assign'd  by  Alexander  Cain  to 
Joshua  Bunting  of  New  Jersey. 

Sarah  Dunlap  assign'd  by  Elizabeth  McNeil  to  Joseph 
Rhoads  of  Southwark  [Aug  1st  1772]. 

John  Misbell  Hope  a  poor  child  bound  by  the  Managers  of 
the  House  of  Employment  apprentice  to  John  Lefeavor  of 
Worcester  Township,  Phila. 

William  Dunn  assigned  by  Seymour  Hood  to  George 
Haywood  of  Wesham,  Burlington,  New  Jersey. 

William  Gray  redemptioner  to  John  and  James  Luke  now 
cancelled,  servant  to  Robert  Craig  of  Dunegall  Township. 


Servants  and  Apprentices.  227 

James  Ferris  servant  assigned  by  Alexander  Cain  to  John 
Supplee  of  Blockley,  Phila. 

Thomas  Robinson  servant  to  Seymour  Hood,  now  can- 
celled, and  servant  to  Thomas  James. 

Mary  Murphy  assigned  by  Alexander  Cain  to  George 
Stevenson  of  Carlisle. 

Anne  Ddaney  servant  assign'd  by  Richard  Eyres  to  Thomas 

Cully  of  Christiana. 

May  20th. 

William  Ward  last  from  Bristol  servant  to  James  Brenton 
of  Pennsbury. 

Rebecca  Beech  [July  8th  1772]  assign'd  by  Caspar  Sneevely 
servant  to  Jacob  Barge  of  Phil*. 

Nicholas  Dell  [June  17th  1772]  discharged  and  set  free 
from  his  Master  James  Dalton. 

Samuel  Jobson  with  consent  of  his  Father  apprentice  to 
Samuel  Noble  of  the  Northern  Liberties  Tanner  and  Currier. 

Christopher  Leonard  Andrew  Moore 

Samuel  Jackson  Matthew  Stoys 

Thomas  McHugh  Alexander  Cook 

John  Qainn  John  Byrn 

James  Smyth  James  Mahoney 

John  Burnett  James  Davis 

Simon  Owens  James  Magrath 

John  Field  John  Bolton 

Lawrence  Phillips  Thomas  Keating 

servants  to  Alexander  Cain,  and  by  him  assign'd  to  James 
Ray  of  Little  Britain. 

Robert  Conyers  assign'd  by  Alexander  Cain  to  James  Ray 
of  Little  Britain. 

Mary  Carney      \  servants    to    Alexander    Cain   and   by 

Jane  Kelly  him  assign'd  to  James  Ray  of  Little 

Esther  Marphey  }       Britain. 

Christopher  Jourdan  servant  of  Richard  Eyre  by  him 
assigned  to  John  Oudenheimer  of  Phil3. 

Barbara  Ferdysh  [Jan.  5th  1773]  assign'd  by  Francis 
Wade  to  Frederick  Phile  of  PhiK 


228  Servants  and  Apprentices. 

William  Sharpe  servant  of  Alexander  Cain,  by  him  as- 
signed to  Joshua  Cooper. 

Lawrence  Phillips  under  Indenture  of  Servitude  to  Alexr 
Cain,  servant  to  James  Ray  of  Little  Britain. 

Bridget  Hefferin  last  from  Dublin  to  John  Hannum. 

Andrew  Moore  under  Indenture  of  Servitude  to  Alexr 
Cain  now  cancelled,  apprentice  to  Robert  Severly  of  Phil* 
cordwainer. 

Daniel  Fennell  servant  of  Alexander  Cain  assigned  to  Wil- 
liam Dungan  of  New  Britain. 

Jane  Nelson  servant  of  Richard  Eyres  assigned  to  William 
Reese  of  Newtown. 

May  21st. 

Francis  Kane  Sarah  Godfrey 

James  Gibson  Christopher  Reilly 

Ignatius  Keating  John  Wilkinson 

Gabriel  Lount  John  Biggs 

Margaret  Kelly  Nicholas  Ready 

Rose  Duffy  Mary  Gill 

Servants  of  Richard  Eyre  and  by  him  assigned  to  David 
and  Thomas  Fulton  of  Nottingham. 

John  Caton  \  servants    of   Richard    Eyres,  by    him 

John  Molloy          >     assigned  to  David  and  Thomas  Ful- 

William  Stewart  )      ton  of  Nottingham. 

Patrick  Maginnes  redemptioner  to  Alex'  Cain  for  his  pas- 
sage from  Ireland  now  cancelled,  servant  to  Peter  Off  of 
Blockly  Township,  Phila  Co. 

George  M'Allister  servant  of  Richard  Eyres  by  him  as- 
signed to  Henry  Graham  Esqr  of  Chester. 

Aaron  Ihempson  with  consent  of  his  Father,  apprentice  to 
Samuel  Pancost  of  Phila  House-carpenter. 

William  Davis  servant  to  Seymour  Hood  by  him  assigned 
to  Samuel  Harrold  of  Buckingham. 

William  Athens  servant  of  Seymour  Hood  by  him  assigned 
to  Charles  West  of  Deptford,  New  Jersey. 


Brandywine  to  Philadelphia.  229 


FROM  BRANDY  WINE  TO  PHILADELPHIA. 

[Extracted  from  the  Journal  of  Sergeant  Thomas  Sullivan,  H.  M.  49th 
Regiment  of  Foot.] 

1777,  September  16th. — The  Army  moved  in  two  Columns 
from  Ashtown  towards  Goshen,  and  Intelligence  being  re- 
ceived upon  the  march,  that  the  Enemy  was  advancing  upon 
the  Lancaster  road,  and  were  within  five  miles  of  Goshen,  it 
was  immediately  determined  to  push  forward  the  two  Col- 
umns and  attack  them.  Lord  Cornwallis  to  take  his  route 
by  Goshen  meeting-house,  and  Lieut.  General  Knyphausen 
with  his  Column  by  the  Road  to  Downingtown. 

It  was  12  o'clock  at  night  when  we  marched,  and  after  a 
tedious  movement  and  frequently  halting  on  account  of  the 
Night  being  very  dark,  and  the  two  divisions  keeping  a  Com- 
munication one  with  another,  a  most  violent  fall  of  rain  set- 
ting in,  and  continued  the  whole  Day  without  intermission, 
made  the  intended  attack  impracticable. 

The  1st.  Light  Infantry,  at  the  head  of  Lord  Cornwallis's 
Column,  meeting  with  a  Party  of  the  Enemy's  advance 
Guard,  about  a  mile  beyond  Goshen,  defeated  them,  killing 
twelve,  and  wounded  more  without  the  Loss  of  a  man. 
Nearly  at  the  same  time,  the  Chausseurs  and  2d.  Battallion 
of  Light  Infantry  in  front  of  Lieut.  General  Knyphausen's 
Column,  fell  in  with  500  of  Pennsylvania  militia  which  lay 
in  a  wood  to  obstruct  our  march  and  cover  the  retreat  of 
their  Army,  and  after  exchanging  a  few  Vojlies,  they  fled, 
leaving  an  Officer  and  5  men  killed  and  four  men  Prisoners, 
with  the  loss  of  three  men  wounded  on  the  Light  Infantry's 
side. 

Our  Column  drew  up  in  three  Lines,  expecting  the 
Enemy  to  advance  and  attack  us,  but  it  continued  raining 
BO  hard  that  we  were  all  wet  to  our  skin,  and  not  able  to 
fire  a  shot  our  Arms  being  very  wet. 


230  Brando/wine  to  Philadelphia. 

We  remained  in  the  woods  all  night,  notwithstanding  it 
being  raining  till  8  o'clock  next  morning. 

The  Enemy  being  thus  apprised  of  the  approach  of  the 
Army,  marched  with  the  utmost  precipitation  the  whole 
night  of  the  (16th.)  and  got  in  the  morning  to  the  Yellow 
Springs,  having  all  their  ammunition  damaged  by  the  ex- 
cessive Rain. 

Our  small  Ammunition  suffered  also  that  night. 

September  17th. — We  continued  our  march  and  encamped 
in  the  Evening  at  the  sign  of  the  White  Horse,  Lord 
Cornwallis  with  his  Column  advanced  also  to  the  Lancaster 
Road,  and  took  post  about  two  miles  distant  from  us. 

September  18th. — The  Army  joined  in  the  Lancaster  Road 
at  the  White  Horse  aforesaid,  25  miles  from  Philadelphia, 
and  marched  to  Tredyfferin,  from  which  place  many  of  the 
Enemy  deserted  to  us,  by  whom  we  learnt  that  the  Enemy 
crossed  the  Schuylkill  River  above  French  Creek,  and  were 
encamped  upon  the  River,  on  each  side  of  Perkiomy  Creek, 
having  detached  Corps  to  all  the  fords  of  Schuylkill,  with 
Cannon  at  Swede's  Ford,  and  the  Fords  below  it. 

It  was  12  o'clock  at  night  before  our  Brigade  that  cov- 
ered the  rear,  reached  their  Ground.  A  Detachment  of 
Light  Infantry  was  immediately  sent  to  the  Valley  Forge, 
upon  the  Schuylkill,  where  the  Enemy  had  a  variety  of 
Stores,  and  a  considerable  Magazine  of  Flour.  The  1st 
Battallion  of  Light  Infantry,  and  the  British  Grenadiers 
took  post  there  next  Day,  and  were  joined  on  the  20th  by 
the  Guards. 

September  20th. — Upon  intelligence  that  General  Wayne 
was  lying  in  the  Woods  with  a  Corps  of  1500  men,  and  four 
Pieces  of  Cannon,  about  three  miles  distant,  &  in  the  Rear 
of  the  left  Wing  of  the  Army,  in  order  to  cut  off  our  Rear, 
Major  General  Grey,  was  detached  late  at  night,  with  the 
2d.  Battallion  of  Light  Infantry,  a  Troop  of  Light  Dragoons, 
42d.  and  44th.  Regiments,  to  surprise  this  Corps.  The 
most  effectual  precaution  being  taken  by  the  General  to 
prevent  his  detachment  from  firing,  by  ordering  the  men's 


Brandywine  to  Philadelphia.  231 

Pieces  to  be  drawn,  not  a  man  to  load,  and  the  Flints  to  be 
taken  oat  of  the  Riflemen's  Pieces  that  could  not  be  drawn ; 
he  gained  the  Enemy's  left  about  one  o'clock,  at  Whiteland 
Township,  being  first  Challenged  by  a  Light  Dragoon,  who, 
after, firing  his  Carbine,  ran  away  to  alarm  the  rest;  then 
their  Picquet  fired  a  Volley  at  the  Light  Infantry  and  re- 
treated, but  did  not  hurt  a  man.  Without  the  least  noise 
our  Party  by  the  Bayonet  only,  forced  and  killed  their  out 
sentries  and  Picquets,  and  rushed  in  upon  their  Encamp- 
ment, directed  by  the  light  of  their  fires,  killed  and 
wounded  not  less  than  300  in  their  Huts  and  about  the 
fires,  the  42d.  sat  fire  to  them,  as  many  of  the  Enemy  would 
not  come  out,  chusing  rather  to  suffer  in  the  Flames  than  to 
be  killed  by  the  Bayonet,  The  Party  took  between  70  and 
80  Prisoners,  including  several  officers,  the  greater  part  of 
their  Arms,  arid  eight  waggons  loaded  with  Baggage  and 
Stores.  Upon  the  first  alarm  the  Cannon  were  carried  off, 
and  ye  darkness  of  the  night  only  saved  the  Remainder 
of  the  Corps.  We  had  one  Officer  and  3  men  killed,  and 
four  wounded.  The  Party  returned  to  their  Camp  that 
morning. 

September  21st. — The  Army  moved  in  the  morning  to 
Valley  Forge,  and  encamped  upon  the  Banks  of  the  Schuyl- 
kill,  extending  a  line  from  Fatland  Ford  to  French  Creek, 
the  Enemy  being  on  the  opposite  side,  who,  upon  this 
movement  quitted  their  Position,  and  marched  towards 
Pottsgrove,  in  the  evening  of  this  day. 

September  22d. — The  Light  Infantry  and  Grenadiers  of  the 
Guards,  crossed  over  in  the  afternoon  at  Fatland  Ford,  to 
take  post,  and  the  Chausseurs  crossing  soon  after  at  Gor- 
don's Ford,  opposite  to  the  Left  of  the  Line,  took  post 
there  also. 

The  Army  was  put  in  motion  at  midnight,  the  Van-guard 
being  led  by  Lord  Cornwallis,  and  the  whole  crossed  at 
Fatland  Ford  without  opposition.  Major  General  Grant, 
who  Commanded  the  Rear-guard,  with  the  Baggage,  passed 
the  River  before  2  o'clock  in  the  afternoon. 


232  Brandywine  to  Philadelphia. 

September  23d. — The  whole  Army  encamped  with  its  left 
to  the  Schuylkill,  and  the  right  upon  the  Manatawny  road, 
having  Stonyrun  in  front.  The  2d.  Battallion  of  Light  In- 
fantry was  detached  to  Swede's  Ford,  which  a  small  Party 
of  the  Enemy  quitted  immediately,  leaving  six  pieces  of 
Iron  Cannon  behind  them. 

September  25th. — The  Enemy  retreated  on  the  Lancaster 
and  Heading  roads,  Shippack  Creek  about  20  miles,  and 
left  a  clear  passage  for  our  Army,  which  marched  in  two 
Columns  to  Germantown,  within  six  miles  of  Philadelphia. 

September  26th. — Lord  Cornwallis  with  the  British  Gren- 
adiers, and  two  Battallions  of  Hessian  Grenadiers,  two 
troops  of  Light  Dragoons,  and  a  detachment  of  the  heavy 
Artillery,  took  Possession  of  Philadelphia. 


Notes  and  Queries.  233 


NOTES  AND   QUERIES. 


TOMBSTONE  EPITAPHS  IN  BUCKS  Co.,  PENNA.,  CEMETERIES.  Con- 
tributed by  Howard  O.  Folker,  of  Philadelphia.  — 

A  few  graves  at  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Neshaminy,  at  Bristol 
road  and  Little  Neshaminy  Creek,  Hartville,  founded  1710  ;  edifice 
erected  1743,  enlarged  1775,  repaired  1842. 

Cornelius  Carrell  ;  born  Dec.  10,  1767,  died  March  27,  1850. 

Joice,  wife  of  above  ;  born  Oct.  28,  1774,  died  July  15,  1856. 

Rachel  Carrell  ;  died  June  27,  1832,  aged  61  years. 

Andrew  Long  ;  died  Nov.  16,  1738,  aged  47  years. 

Elizabeth  Whitton  ;  died  Nov.  23,  1838,  aged  74  years. 

Hugh  Edams  [Adams]  ;  died  Feb.  18,  1803,  aged  72  years. 

Jane,  wife  of  James  Adams  ;  died  Oct.  22,  1746,  aged  55  years. 

Cornelius  Corson  ;  born  July  13,  1823,  died  April  22,  1899. 

Sarah  Ann,  wife  of  above  ;  born  Oct.   12,  1819,  died  April  22,  1904. 

Margaret  Corson  ;  born  Jan.  17,  1796,  died  Nov.  17,  1876,  aged  80 
years. 

William  Ramsey  ;  died  Feb.  14,  1814,  in  his  79th  year. 

Catharine,  his  wife  ;  died  March  31,  1791,  aged  45  years. 

Jane,  daughter  of  John  and  Eleanor  Ramsey;  died  Sept.  4,  1777, 
aged  3  years  9  months. 

Cornelius  McCawney  ;  died  Nov.  29,  1731,  aged  40  years. 

Isabel  Davis  ;  died  Aug.  30,  1737,  aged  78  years. 

John  Davis  ;  died  Aug.  6,  1748,  aged  63  years. 

John  McFarren  ;  died  Aug.  26,  1789,  aged  84  years. 

James  Darrah  ;  died  Feb.  17,  1842,  aged  78  years. 

Elijah  Stinson  ;  died  March  5,  1840,  aged  89  years. 

Mary,  his  wife  ;  died  Sept.  19,  1819,  aged  63  years. 

James  Archibel  ;  died  May  25,  1748,  aged  34  years. 

Elizabeth  Archibel  ;  died  Oct.  18,  1751,  aged  78  years. 

Elizabeth  Thompson  ;  died  Sept.  29,  1768,  aged  73  years. 

William  Walker  ;  died  Oct.       ,  1738,  aged  73  years. 

John  Baird  ;  died  Feb.  2,  1748,  aged  73  years. 

Rev.  Alexander  Gellatley  ;  died  March  12,  1761,  in  his  42d  year. 

Col.  Wm.  Hart  ;  died  June  2,  1831,  aged  84  years. 

Rev.  William  Tennent;  died  May  6,  1746,  aged  73  years. 

A  neglected  burying-ground  overrun  with  underbrush  and  rubbish, 
on  farm  owned  by  William  Hogeland,  Street  road,  west  of  Feasterville, 
Southampton  Township.  It  was  formerly  known  as  the  "Harding 
Graveyard."  A  few  headstones  are  now  standing,  among  them  those 
having  the  following  inscriptions  : 

E.  D.—  1764. 

M.  B.  T.—  1779. 

A.  B.  T.—  1778. 


234  Notes  and  Queries. 

Joseph  Dracord  ;  died  Feb.      ,  1850,  age  71  years. 

John  Brittin  ;  died  Sept.  14,  1795,  age  80  years.  "An  Upright 
Man.'3 

Eve  Brittin  ;  died  Dec.  26,  1797,  age  67  years. 

Mary  Hillyard  ;  died  April  20,  1789. 

James  Stone,  son  of  Win.  and  Anna,  died  Jan.  8,  1789,  age  5  months 
2  days. 

Mary,  wife  of  Joseph  Randall,  died  April  29,  1853,  in  her  73d  year. 

Margaret  S.  Freese,  wife  of  John  Vandegrift,  died  March  16,  1857, 
age  21  years  10  months  11  days. 

Our  Father,  William  Stockdale,  died  July  3,  1822,  age  54  years. 

Our  Mother,  Mary  Stockdale  ;  died  March  24,  1839,  age  58  years. 

Our  Sister,  Sarah  Stockdale;  died  April  17,  1828,  age  19  years. 

The  Reformed  Church  Graveyard,  Feasterville,  Southampton  Town- 
ship. The  family  names  seen  here  are  : 

Hogeland,  Staates,  Praul,  Krewson,  Dickson,  Fenton,  Phillpot,  Cor- 
nell, Kiple,  Randall,  Vansant,  Eastburn,  Vanartsdalen,  Vanpelt,  Van- 
degrift, Stevens,  Manson,  Vandike,  Larzelere,  Sager. 

The  grave  of  Johanna  Corson  is  very  old  and  inscription  undecipher- 
able. On  the  front  wall,  several  initials  of  those  long  passed  away, 
among  them,  "O.K.,  1738,"  [Garret  Krewson]  and  "  D.  K.,  1738," 
[Derrick  Krewson].  One  standing  stone  has  " Garret  Krewson,  died 
1767,  aged  82  years."  The  oldest  grave  with  stone  has  on  it  "  A.  S., 
1760,"  [Abraham  States]. 

In  the  Feaster  family  bury  ing-ground  at  Holland,  Northampton  Town- 
ship, is  an  old  stone  : 

"Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Christian  Vanhorne,  who  was  born  the  24th 
day  of  October,  1685,  and  departed  this  life  the  23d  day  of  November, 
1753." 

A  private  graveyard,  southeast  of  Johnsville,  Warminster  Township, 
on  farm  of  Isaac  Bennet,  formerly  owned  by  Eliza  Vansant,  deceased. 
Every  grave  has  the  foot  toward  the  east.  The  oldest  stone  is  that  of 
Herman  Vansant,  died  November  24,  1769,  in  his  34th  year.  Cath- 
arine, his  wife,  died  April  22,  1814,  age  84  years. 

Charles  Garrison  ;  died  June  22,  1793,  in  his  77th  year.  Elizabeth 
Garrison  ;  died  May  27,  1814,  aged  84  years. 

James  Scout ;  born  Sept.  19,  1738,  died  Feb.  ,  1829,  age  90 
years  and  6  months.  He  was  a  brave  soldier  in  Washington's  army. 
He  was  an  intimate  friend  of  Thomas  Paine,  who  was  in  the  same  army. 
He  shot  an  English  soldier  900  yards  from  him  and  killed  him.  [Stone 
erected  by  Josiah  Hart,  of  Doylestown] . 

Dr.  William  Bachelor,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  died  Sept.  14,  1823, 
aged  75  years.  He  was  a  surgeon  in  war  of  the  Revolution  ;  was  26 
years  in  United  States  Army. 

Giles  Craven  ;  died  September  8,  1798,  in  his  80th  year. 

The  other  graves  here  bear  names  Sutphins,  McDowells,  Vandykes, 
etc. 

Last  interment  was  James  F.  Craven,  38th  Regiment,  New  Jersey 
Volunteers,  died  November  6,  1894,  aged  73  years. 


Notes  and  Queries.  235 

COPIES  OF  INTERESTING  LETTERS  written  to  Gov.  Joseph  Hiester, 
of  Pennsylvania,  by  Gen.  William  Henry  Harrison,  Postmaster  General 
Habersham,  and  President  Jefferson,  in  the  possession  of  his  great- 
granddaughter,  Mrs.  Gen.  D.  McM.  Gregg,  of  Reading,  Penna.,  and 
contributed  by  Louis  Richards,  Esq. — 

NORTHBEND,  OHIO. 

Novr.  26th  1820. 
DEAR  SIR: 

I  have  been  informed  that  Captn  Jaines  R.  Butler  of  Pittsburgh  is  a 
candidate  for  an  office  in  yr  gift.  As  this  gentleman  served  in  the  army 
commanded  by  me  in  the  late  war  &  under  my  immediate  view  I  have 
deemed  it  incumbent  on  me  to  state  to  you  my  opinion  of  his  conduct 
&  merits.  A  soldier  yourself  you  will  not  hesitate  to  acknowledge  the 
claims  which  disinterested,  laborious  and  successful  services  in  the  field 
give  to  a  candidate  on  an  occasion  of  this  kind — that  those  by  whose 
exertions  &  dangers  our  country  has  been  brought  to  repose  in  peace  & 
prosperity,  should  share  the  bounties  which  the  administrators  of  that 
country's  government  are  authorised  to  bestow.  Admitting  this  as  I  am 
certain  you  will,  I  can  assure  you  that  Captn  Butler's  pretentious  to 
your  favor  will  be  exceeded  by  none  that  will  contend  for  it. 

The  Captain  joined  the  North  Western  army  early  in  the  winter  pre- 
ceding Hull's  surrender  at  the  head  of  a  Company  of  Volunteer  Light 
Infantry  raised  and  disciplined  by  himself  and  engaged  for  a  twelve 
month  tour.  It  is  no  disparagement  to  other  corps  of  this  description 
to  say  that  none  that  ever  came  under  my  notice  could  at  all  compare 
with  them  in  point  of  discipline,  nor  was  their  conduct  in  any  respect, 
in  camp  or  in  the  field,  in  battle  or  in  those  still  more  trying  &  difficult 
situations  to  which  they  were  exposed,  inferior  to  that  of  any  other 
corps,  Regular  or  Irregular.  It  is  unnecessary  to  say  to  you  how  much 
of  this  merit  ought  to  be  attached  to  the  commanding  officer.  The 
Pittsburgh  Blues  (Butler's  Company  was  so  called)  greatly  distinguished 
themselves  at  the  Battle  of  Messissiniway  &in  a  sortie  from  Fort  Meigs. 
My  sense  of  their  merit  and  that  of  their  worthy  Captain  is  strongly 
expressed  in  my  Genl  Orders  of  that  period,  &  in  my  letters  to  the  Sec- 
retary of  War. 

It  would  be  impertinent  in  a  citizen  oi  another  State  to  interfere  with 
your  appointments  further  than  the  statement  of  facts  with  which  it  is 
possible  you  might  be  unacquainted.  I  shall  therefore  leave  it  to  Captn 
Butlers  other  friends  to  urge  his  claims  to  the  office  in  question  from  his 
qualifications  to  discharge  the  duties,  &  the  fairness  of  his  private 
character.  And  conclude  with  assuring  your  Excellency  of  the  great 
Respect  with  which  I  am 

Yr  Hum1  Servt 

WILLM  H.  HARRISON. 
His  Excellency 

Govr  HIESTER. 

GENERAL  POST  OFFICE 

June  12,  1801, 
JOSEPH  HIESTER  ESQ. 
SIR: 

I  have  received  your  letter  of  the  4th,  signed  also  by  several  other 
gentlemen,  inhabitants  of  Reading,  desiring  the  removal  of  Mr  Gottlob 


236  Notes  and  Queries. 

Jungman  from  the  post  office  at  that  place   &  recommending  Mr.  Jacob 
Snyder  as  a  fit  person  to  be  appointed  in  his  stead. 

It  has  long  been  a  rule  in  this  office  not  to  appoint  the  printer  of  a 
newspaper  to  the  office  of  postmaster.  For  however  fairly  &  impar- 
tially they  may  conduct  the  business  of  their  offices,  the  power  which 
they  have  always  gives  rise  to  jealousies  &  suspicions  in  rival  printers. 
That  Mr  Jungman  is  the  printer  of  a  newspaper,  &  that  he  has  a  rival 
in  that  employment  in  the  same  town  are  sufficient  reasons  why  he  should 
not  hold  the  office,  provided  a  proper  person  who  is  not  the  printer  of  a 
newspaper  can  be  found  willing  to  keep  it.  On  this  ground  I  concluded 
to  make  another  appointment  at  Reading  about  two  years  ago,  &  wrote 
to  a  gentleman  there  to  name  a  suitable  person,  but  Mr  Jungman's 
friends  interested  themselves  so  much  for  his  continuance  that  the  subject 
was  dropped. 

I  understand  that  Mr.  Snyder,  the  gentleman  whom  you  have  named, 
is  also  a  printer  of  a  newspaper  ;  he  cannot  on  that  account  be  appointed. 
If  you  will  take  the  trouble  to  name  a  proper  person  who  is  not  inter- 
ested in  the  publication  of  a  newspaper  he  shall  be  immediately  ap- 
pointed. 

I  am  with  great  respect 

Your  most  obedient 

Jos.  HABERSHAM. 


WASHINGTON  Mar.  12.  05. 
SIR: 

I  have  received  your  favor  of  the  4th  hist  and  thank  you  for  the  friendly 
expressions  it  contains.  I  see  your  retirement  from  the  public  councils 
with  sincere  regret,  having  always  considered  your  conduct  there  as  dis- 
interested, moderate  and  conscientious.  You  can  still  however  be  use- 
ful in  promoting  at  home  a  spirit  of  sound  republicanism,  and  in  healing 
those  schisms  which  seem  to  threaten  the  happiness  of  your  State,  and 
the  weight  of  its  energies  in  support  of  the  general  government.  Accept 
my  friendly  salutations  &  assurance  of  great  esteem  &  respect. 

TH  JEFFERSON. 
COL°  JOSEPH  HIESTER. 


LETTER  OF  JOSEPH  VERREE,  1778. — 

CHARLESTOWN  STATE,   S°.  CAROLINA,  July  6,  1778. 

DEAIR  BROTHER. 

These  if  received  will  Inform  you  of  myne  &  family  helth  at  presant: 
it  would  give  mee  great  pleasure  to  have,  a  line  from  Any  of  my  Rela- 
tissons  or  friends,  but  I  am  apprehensive,  the  reason,  And  Owing  to  the 
Part,  I  have  taken  in  this  great  And  Glorious  Strugel,  for  Our  lives, 
liberteys,  and  properteys  Who  by  a  tyranical  king  and  A  Vicious  par- 
liament has  Endavored  to  their  Utmost  to  Over  throw  and  Destroy 

if  this  should  bee  the  Case  I  would  Willingley  renounse  all  my  Most 
Neair  and  Deair  Connecttions  an  Earth  for  niy  Darling  libertey,  Which 
I  bless  god  for  Is  At  length,  Almost  Establishd,  on  the  firm  Bases  of 
truth  and  Justis  which,  will  bee  Out  of  the  Power,  of  Any,  Earthly 
tyrant  to  Destray,  in  time  to  Come. 


Notes  and  Queries.  237 

it  would  give  mee  Infinate  Satisfaction  to  heair  from  my  Son  James, 
dow  let  him  right  me  and  Direct  his  letter,  to  Willm,  Hinry  Drayton  Or 
to  Tho":  Hayward,  our  Delagates  at  Congros  And  thay  will,  I  am  shure 
Despach  them  by  Post : — I  have  rote  you  prety  full,  in  A  letter  I  pur- 
posid  sending  by  Daniel  Cannan — but  he  has  Declined  going,  these 
Coinis  by  friend  Thos:  Latham  Who  leaves,  this  State  on  Account  of  the 
Scrupils,  of  Conscance.  in  not  Complying  With  An  Acct  of  the  Gen- 
«ral  Assemby  of  the  State  he  has  an  Unblimeshed.  Caricter,  And  though 
he  leaves  [torn]  State,  is  not  looked  onasOnelnimicale,  their  to.  I  ex- 
pect you  will  see  him  and  Wife  [torn]  has  lately  maried  Mr.  Lushintons 
Wifes  Sister,  and  Sister  to  Grany  forbs  who  was  at  Philladelphia  win  I 
was  last  thare,  she  is  a  woman  of  good  Caracter  &  Desarving,  of  Any 
Consid0  [torn]  t  may  bee  showd  hare. 

Your  loving  Brother. 

JOSEPH  VERREE. 


LETTER  OP  ALEXANDER  HAMILTON  TO  JOHN  DICKINSON.  - 

NEW  YORK,  Mar.  29,  1802. 

I  was  not,  My  Dear  Sir,  insensible  to  the  kind  attention  shewn  me  by 
your  letter  of  the  30th  of  November  last.  But  till  very  lately  the  sub- 
ject has  been  so  extremely  painful  to  me,  that  I  have  been  under  a 
necessity  of  flying  from  it  as  much  as  possible.  Time  and  effort  and 
occupation  have  at  length  restored  the  tranquillity  of  my  mind,  suffi- 
ciently to  permit  me  to  acknowledge  the  kindness  of  those  friends  who 
were  good  enough  to  manifest  their  sympathy  in  my  misfortune. 

Be  assured,  Sir,  that  consolation  from  you  on  such  an  occasion  was 
particularly  welcome  to  me  and  that  I  shall  always  remember  it  with  a 
grateful  sense.  The  friendship  of  the  wise  and  good  rises  in  value,  in 
proportion  as  we  learn  to  form  a  just  estimate  of  human  character  and 
opinion. 

That  estimate  too  has  a  tendency  to  reconcile  us  to  the  departure  of 
those  who  are  dear  to  us,  from  a  world,  which  holds  out  to  virtue  many 
snares,  but  very  few  supports  or  recompenses.  I  do  assure  you,  Sir, 
that  as  soon  as  the  calm  of  Reason  returned,  this  consideration  had  no 
small  influence  in  disposing  me  to  resign,  with  diminished  regret,  the 
eldest  and  brightest  hope  of  my  family.  Happy  those  who  deduce  from 
it  motives  to  seek  in  earnest  a  higher  and  far  more  substantial  bliss  than 
can  ever  be  found  in  this  chequered,  this  ever  varying  scene, 

Accept  the  assurances  of  most  sincere  and  cordial  respect,  esteem  and 
regard. 

A.  HAMILTON. 


MEMORANDUM  OF  AGREEMENT  BETWEEN  EGBERT  MORRIS  AND 
JOHN  DICKINSON,  for  the  lot  on  Chestnut  Street,  in  Manuscript  Depart- 
ment, Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. — 

I  am  just  informed  that  Robert  Morris  is  to  give  up  his  House  to  the 
president,  and  to  make  some  alterations  or  additions — Would  it  not  be 


238  Noies  and  Queries. 

more  advantageous  for  him  to  take  my  Ground  between  Chestnut  and 
Walnut  Streets  and  seventh  and  eighth  Streets  for  this  purpose,  at  the 
sum  I  have  before  mentioned — I  should  not  want  any  money  paid  down, 
but  would  take  his  Estate  in  Brandywine  hundred  at  three  thousand 
pounds  and  let  the  other  seven  thousand  pounds  go  upon  Interest  for 
seven  years. 

The  Buildings  might  be  erected  in  such  a  manner  that  in  case  of  Con- 
gress's removal  from  Philadelphia,  they  could  be  conveniently  divided 
into  several  Dwelling  Houses  for  private  Families,  as  the  Savoy  and 
Essex  Houses  were  in  London. 

I  should  think  that  the  Buildings  for  the  Presidents  use  would  be 
much  more  convenient  in  a  form  capable  of  such  a  future  division  than 
in  any  other,  and  perhaps  as  magnificent,  as  the  Front  would  be  exten- 
sive— One  great  advantage  would  result  from  such  a  Form,  and  that  is, 
that  all  the  Back  Rooms  would  front  the  South  and  the  Gardens  that 
might  be  laid  out — 

The  Proposals  within  mentioned  are  acceded  to  by  Robert  Morris  and 
confirmed  by  Charles  Jervis'  agent  to  John  Dickinson — It  is  under- 
stood that  the  Estate  of  the  said  Robert  Morris  in  Brandywine  Hun- 
dred is  the  same  now  in  the  occupation  of  the  Revd  Doctor  Wharton 
and  does  not  extend  to  the  said  Roberts  Estate  situate  to  the  south  of 
Christiana  Creek  in  the  Occupation  of  Charles  Croxall — if  Brandywine 
Hundred  extends  to  the  later  then  there  is  to  be  no  Agreement  between 
the  Parties  with  respect  to  the  Subject  of  the  within  Proposals — Pos- 
session is  to  be  delivered  of  the  respective  Premises  subject  to  the 
respective  Interests  of  the  said  Dr.  Whartou  and  Joseph  Ogden  in  the 
same.  Mr.  Morris  is  to  convey  to  Mr.  Dickinson  in  fee  Simple  the  before 
mentioned  Estate  in  Brandywine  Hundred,  Mrs.  Morris  to  join  in  the 
Conveyance  agreeably  to  Law — Mr.  Dickinson  is  at  the  same  time  to 
convey  to  Mr.  Morris  in  fee  Simple  the  Lot  between  Seventh  and  Eighth 
and  Chestnut  &  Walnut  Streets  in  Phil*  refered  to  within  and  Mr.  Mor- 
ris is  to  secure  by  Mortgage  of  the  Premises  or  otherwise  at  Mr.  Morris's 
Election  but  to  the  Satisfaction  of  Mr.  Dickinson  the  £7000  wh  will  re- 
main due  to  Mr.  Dickinson  Interest  to  be  paid  yearly  &  the  Principal  at 
the  End  of  Seven  Years,  Mrs.  Dickinson  to  join  in  the  deed  with  Mr. 
Dickinson  agreeably  to  Law — The  Property  understood  to  be  intended 
to  be  conveyed  by  Mr.  &  Mrs.  Dickinson  to  Mr.  Morris  is  the  whole  of 
the  Square  between  Seventh  Chestnut  Eighth  and  Walnut  Streets  except 
one  Lott  wh  is  the  Property  of  some  of  the  Heirs  or  Representatives  of 
Sam'l  Mickle  deceased. 

October  9,  1790  ROBT  MORRIS 

CHAS  JERVIS 

Agent  for  John  Dickinson. 

THE  LEHIGH  COUNTY  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  has  removed  its  library 
and  museum  to  the  chapel  of  the  Preparatory  School,  at  Fourth  and 
Walnut  streets,  Allentown.  Prof.  George  T.  Ettinger  is  President, 
and  Charles  R.  Roberts,  Secretary  of  the  Society. 

WILLIAM  PENN'S  DEFENCE  OF  HIS  WIG. — [This  is  taken  from  a  MS. 
in  D.  in  the  handwriting  of  William  Penn.  There  are  two  other  writings 
by  other  Friends  on  the  same  sheet.  The  sheet  is  endorsed  "Gff  to 
Henry  Sidon,  1677,  25  3  mo."]  — 


Notes  and  Queries.  239 

LONDON  YE  25th  OF  YE  3rd  Moth,  1677. 


DEAR  FRIEND 


To  whom  is  iny  love  &  all  the  rest  of  Friends  in  Ye  Truth  of  god,  & 
my  desire  is,  that  thou  &  all  the  rest  may  be  preserved  in  gods  peac- 
able  Truth  &  in  ye  love  of  it. 

Now  Concerning  the  thing  thou  speakst  to  me  of,  that  Sarah  Harris 
should  say  to  the  that  Wm  Mead  &  Wm  Penn  did  ware  Perry  wiggs  &  call 
them  Periwigg  men  ;  first  concerning  Wm  Mead,  he  bid  me  put  my  hand 
upon  his  head,  &  feel,  &  said  he  never  weare  Perriwig  in  his  life,  &  won- 
der'd  at  it ;  &  as  for  Wm  Penn  he  did  say  that  he  did  ware  a  little  civil 
border  because  his  hair  was  Come  of  his  head,  &  since  I  have  seen  & 
spoak  wth  Wm  Penn,  his  border  is  so  thin,  plain  and  short,  y*  one  Cannot 
well  know  it  from  his  own  hair.  W.  Penn  when  but  3  years  ould  so 
lost  his  hair  by  ye  small  Pox  y1  he  woar  them  then,  long  &  about  6  years 
before  his  Convincem1,  he  woar  one,  &  after  y*  he  endeaverd  to  goe  in  his 
own  hair,  but  when  kept  a  close  Prisoner  in  ye  Towr  next  the  leade,  9 
monthe,  &  no  bar  ber  suffer' d  to  come  at  him,  his  hair  shed  away;  & 
since  he  has  worn  a  very  short  civil  thing,  &  he  has  been  in  danger  ot 
his  life  after  violent  heats  in  meetings  &  rideing  after  ym,  &  he  wares 
them  to  keep  his  head  &  ears  warm  &  not  for  pride ;  wch  is  manifest  in 
that  his  perriwigs  Cost  him  many  Pounds  apiece,  formerly  when  of  ye 
world,  &  now  his  Border,  but  a  five  shillings  ;  and  he  has  lay'd  of  more 
for  Truth  then  her  &  her  Relations  and  I  am  sorry  the  should  speak 
such  things,  &  the  did  not  do  well  to  discurs  of  such  things,  I  desire  the 
may  be  wiser  for  the  time  to  come. 

And  so  wth  my  love  to  thee  &  thy  wife  &  father  &  N.  Newton. 

G.ff. 

And  hees  more  willing  to  fling  it  off  if  a  little  hair  come,  then  ever  he 
was  to  putt  it  on. — [Journal  of  the  Friends  Historical  Society,  Vol.  6. 
Page  187.] 

THE  DELAWARE  BRIDGE  AT  EASTON,  PENNSYLVANIA.  (Original 
in  the  Manuscript  Department  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.) 
To  facilitate  the  means  of  intercourse  between  the  upper  parts  of  New 
Jersey  and  Easton,  Penn.,  a  company  was  incorporated  by  the  Legis- 
latures of  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey  in  March  of  1795,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  erecting  a  wooden  bridge  over  the  river  Delaware  at  Easton. 
Cyrus  Palmer,  of  Newburyport,  Mass.,  was  employed  as  architect. 
Work  was  commenced  in  the  spring  of  1797,  but  the  building  did  not 
progress  until  1803,  when  the  eminent  jurist,  Samuel  Sitgreaves,  Esq., 
took  it  in  hand  and  assumed  the  active  superintendence  of  its  affairs. 
The  bridge  was  ready  for  crossing  in  October  of  1806,  but  it  was  not 
entirely  completed  until  May  of  1807.  The  following  letter  of  Jacob 
Eyerly,  a  well-known  citizen  of  Northampton  county,  refers  to  the  early 
vicissitudes  of  the  Bridge  Company. — 


240  Notes  and  Queries. 

EASTON  Febr  4th  1799. 
GENTLEMEN. 

By  the  Report  of  the  Managers  to  the  Stockholders  of  the  Delaware 
Bridge  Compy  you  will  see  the  present  Situation  of  the  Delaware  Bridge 
Compy  and  that  unless  we  are  able  to  raise  a  fund  sufficient  to  compleat 
the  Bridge,  the  work  allready  done  at  this  same,  must  go  to  ruin.  But 
you  will  likewise  see  that  if  we  can  succeed  in  raising  the  Sum  proposed 
by  the  Report,  it  is  reduced  to  a  certainty,  that  the  Bridge  will  be  com- 
pleated  and  in  all  Probability  in  the  Course  of  this  Summer.  It  would 
not  only  be  a  great  Loss,  if  the  Work  should  now  fail,  after  so  much 
money  has  been  expended,  but  it  would  be  a  Shame  if  it  should  be  said, 
that  a  number  of  patriotic  Gentlemen  had  attempted  to  undertake  a 
Work  of  the  first  Magnitude  in  the  State,  and  after  the  greatest  Difficulty 
had  been  removed  after  a  great  part  of  the  Work  had  been  done,  and 
after  a  solid  Foundation  was  laid  for  a  Work,  which  while  it  will  be  an 
Ornament,  will  likewise  be  of  General  Benefit  and  Utility,  that  for  want 
of  proper  Exertions  of  the  Stockholders  the  Work  should  now  be  aban- 
doned. I  must  therefore  most  earnestly  solicit  your  further  Patronage, 
and  at  the  same  Time  acknowledge  the  favours  allready  received  from 
you,  in  the  support  of  this  work.  I  would  juat  mention  one  Thing  more, 
that  it  ought  be  ascertained  in  a  very  short  Time,  whether  we  shall  be 
able  to  go  on  or  not,  as  we  must  give  an  answer  to  Mr  Palmer  very 
shortly.  If  you  will  to  call  on  Sam.  Sitgreaves  Esq.  he  will  give  farther 
Information  and  every  assistance  in  his  Power,  and  I  wish  that  you 
would  request  him  to  attend  at  the  Meeting  of  the  Stockholders,  as  his 
Presince  may  be  of  great  Service.  John  Arndt  Esq.  who  was  chairman 
of  the  Meeting  will  send  you  a  List  of  the  new  Subscriptions  of  this  Plan. 

I  am  in  Haste 

With  Respect  &  Esteem 

Your  most  Obd4  Serv* 

Mess"  LEVI  HOLLINGSWORTH  JACOB  EYERLY 

&  FREIDRICK  BOLLER 

FIRST  BATTALION  PENNSYLVANIA  LOYALISTS. — A  copy  of  the  fol- 
lowing Recruiting  Poster  is  in  the  Collection  of  the  Historical  Society 
of  Pennsylvania : 

Teucro  Duce  Nil  Desperandum. 

First  Battalion  of  Battalion  of  Pennsylvania  Loyalists,  commanded  by 
His  Excellency  Sir  William  Howe,  K.  B. 

ALL  intrepid,  able-bodied  HEROES,  who  are  willing  to  serve  His 
Majesty  King  GEORGE  the  Third,  in  Defence  of  their  Country, 
Laws,  and  Constitution,  against  the  arbitrary  Usurpations  of  a  Tyranni- 
cal Congress,  have  now  only  an  Opportunity  of  manifesting  their  Spirit, 
by  assisting  in  reducing  their  too-long  deluded  Countrymen,  but  also  of 
acquiring  the  polite  Accomplishments  of  a  Soldier,  by  serving  only  two 
Years,  or  during  the  present  Rebellion  in  America. 

Such  spirited  Fellows,  who  are  willing  to  engage,  will  be  rewarded  at 
the  End  of  the  War,  besides  their  Laurels,  with  Fifty  Acres  of  Land  in 
any  County  they  shall  chuse,  where  every  gallant  Hero  may  retire,  and 
enjoy  his  Bottle  and  Lass. 


Notes  and  Queries.  241 

Each  Volunteer  will  receive,  as  a  Bounty,  FIVE  DOLLARS,  besides 
Arms,  Cloathing  and  Accoutrements,  and  every  other  Requisite  proper 
to  accommodate  a  Gentleman  Soldier,  by  applying  to  Lieutenant-Colonel 
ALLEN,  or  at  Captain  STEVENS' s  Rendezvous,  in  Front-street. 

Printed  by  James  Humphreys,  Junr.  in  Market-street,  betneen  Front 
and  Second- Streets. 

THE  SOCIETY  FOR  THE  COMMEMORATION  OF  THE  LANDING  OF  WIL- 
LIAM PENN,  1824. — We  the  Subscribers  agree  to  dine  together  on  the 
4th  day  of  November  next  (24  Oct.  o.  s.)  at  the  house  formerly  occupied 
by  William  Penn  in  Laetitia  Court  at  4  o'clock  P.  M.  in  order  to  com- 
memorate the  anniversary  of  the  landing  of  our  great  founder,  in  the 
year  1682.  Philada  23d  Oct.  1824. 

Thomas  Biddle,  Peter  S.  DuPonceau, 

B.  R.  Morgan,  Z.  Collins, 

Geo.  Vaux,  Roberts  Vaux, 

Z.  Poulson,  John  Read, 

T.  J.  Watson,  Jos.  P.  Norris, 

John  F.  Watson,  Nichol.  Collin, 

Joseph  S.  Lewis,  Joseph  Watson, 

Robert  Wharton,  John  Bacon, 

Rich.  Peters  Jr., 

W.  Meredith. 

SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  VICE  ADMIRAL  HOWE'S  VOYAGE  FROM  THE 
ELK  RIVER,  MD.,  TO  BILLINGSPORT,  N.  J.,  extracted  from  the  Journal 
of  Sergeant  Sullivan,  of  H.  M.  49th  Foot.  — 

Upon  Lord  Howe's  receiving  intelligence  that  the  enemy  were  de- 
feated at  Brandywine,  and  of  the  King's  Troops  being  near  unto  Phila- 
delphia, he  ordered  all  preparations  to  be  made  for  taking  the  first 
favourable  opportunity  to  have  the  Fleet  round  to  proper  anchorage  for 
preserving  a  full  Communication  with  the  Army  in  the  River  Delaware. 
The  progress  down  the  Bay  was  considerably  retarded  by  the  state  of 
the  weather  and  intricacy  of  the  Navigation,  which  did  not  admit  of 
continuing  under  sail  during  the  night,  wherefore,  though  quitting  the 
Elk  the  14th  instant,  the  Fleet  could  not  not  put  to  sea  from  the  Capes 
of  Virginia  untill  the  23d.  of  the  same  instant. 

He  then  proceeded  forward  in  the  Eagle  with  the  Vigilant,  and  Isia, 
and  a  small  division  of  Transports,  in  which  some  Articles  of  Provisions 
and  Military  stores,  likely  to  be  soonest  wanted  for  the  army  had  been 
for  that  purpose  embarked,  and  left  the  body  of  the  Fleet  to  be  con- 
ducted by  Captain  Griffith,  with  the  rest  of  the  Ships  of  War. 

Having  had  very  tempestuous  weather  of  some  duration  to  the  north- 
ward, in  the  passage  down  Chesapeake  Bay,  the  prospect  was  favourable 
for  the  speedy  arrival  of  the  Fleet  in  the  Delaware.  But  when  the  two 
divisions  (little  separated),  were  advanced  within  a  few  leagues  of  the 
entrance  of  the  river,  the  wind  changed  in  a  sudden  squall  from  the 
southward  in  the  evening  of  the  25th ;  and  having  continued  between 
the  N.  W.  and  N.  E.  with  a  degree  of  force  much  too  great  for  the 
transports  to  make  any  way  against  it,  he  was  unable  to  get  into  the 
river  (followed  a  few  days  after  by  the  first  convoy,  which  he  had  left 
in  the  care  of  Capt.  Cornwallis  when  the  weather  became  more  settled), 

VOL.  XXXIV. 16 


242  Notes  and  Queries. 

until  the  evening  of  the  4th  instant.  The  larger  Convoy  with  Capt. 
Griffith,  though  much  more  dispersed,  arrived  between  the  6th  and  8th 
of  the  month,  with  no  other  material  accident  except  the  loss  of  a  trans- 
port named  the  Father's  Good  Will,  which  having  sprung  a  leak  when 
no  assistance  could  be  given  during  the  bad  weather,  sunk  at  sea,  but 
the  crew  were  saved. 

The  ships  of  war  and  transports  were  anchored  in  the  most  convenient 
situation  in  the  western  shore,  from  Newcastle  down  towards  Reedy 
Island. 

Captain  Hammond  (who  was  returned  in  the  Roebuck)  had  moved  up 
the  River  with  the  Pearl,  Camilla,  and  Liverpool,  as  the  Army  advanced. 
The  Enemy  had  a  Redoubt  upon  the  Jersey  shore,  at  a  place  called 
Billing's  Point,  with  heavy  guns  in  it  for  defending  the  approach  to 
the  first  double  line  of  the  sunken  frames,  or  chevaux  de  frize,  which 
crossed  the  Navigable  channel  in  that  part  of  the  river. 

September  29th. — Upon  the  representation  of  Capt.  Hammond,  com- 
manding his  Majesty's  Ship  Roebuck,  who  was  lying  off  Chester  with 
the  above  ships  of  war,  that  the  possession  of  Billing's  Point  would  give 
him  the  lower  chevaux  de  frize,  the  10th  and  42d  Regiments  were  de- 
tached, under  the  command  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Stirling. 

This  detachment  crossing  the  river  the  next  day  from  Chester,  took 
possession  on  the  1st  of  October  of  the  enemy's  works  at  the  Point, 
which  300  men  posted  there  evacuated,  after  spiking  the  guns  and 
burning  the  Barracks.  Lieut.  Colonel  Stirling  pursued  them  about 
two  miles,  but  to  no  purpose,  as  they  retired  with  precipitation ;  he 
destroyed  the  River  front  of  the  works.  Captain  Hammond  with  the 
aforesaid  Men  of  War  was  lying  off  this  Point  when  the  Admiral  arrived 
as  far  as  Chester. 

Capt.  Hammond  immediately  made  a  trial  to  open  a  passage  through 
the  first  obstruction,  by  moving  a  part  of  the  Chevaux  de  Frize,  which 
the  enemy  with  their  fire  rafts,  gallies,  and  other  armed  craft  repeatedly 
endeavored  to  prevent  under  cover  of  the  night ;  and  a  sufficient  channel 
was  at  length,  (though  not  without  much  difficulty)  made  for  the  largest 
ships,  by  the  advanced  squadron  under  his  command  ;  the  conduct  of 
which  was  on  every  occasion  to  be  much  approved. 

COAT  OF  ARMS  OF  THE  JOHN  BARTRAM  FAMILY. — Forty  or  more 
years  ago  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  purchased  a  number  of 
the  manuscripts  of  John  and  William  Bartram,  which  were  bound  in 
volumes  ;  the  Bible  of  John  Bartram,  printed  in  London,  1613,  con- 
taining his  book-plates,  and  the  family  coat  of  arms,  illuminated,  on 
parchment.  In  connection  with  the  latter,  the  following  interesting  ac- 
count is  taken  from  Darlington's  Memorials  of  John  Bartram:  Iwan 
Alexiowitz,  of  Russia,  in  describing  a  visit  he  made  to  John  Bartram, 
the  botanist,  in  the  year  1769,  states :  "  I  was  no  sooner  entered,  than  I 
observed  a  coat  of  arms,  in  a  gilt  frame,  with  the  name  of  John  Bartram. 
The  novelty  of  such  a  decoration,  in  such  a  place,  struck  me;  I  could 
not  avoid  asking,  '  Does  the  Society  of  Friends  take  any  pride  in  those 
armorial  bearings,  which  sometimes  serve  as  marks  of  distinction  be- 
tween families,  and  much  oftener  as  food  for  pride  and  ostentation  ?' 
'  Thee  must  know  (said  he)  that  my  father  was  a  Frenchman;  he  brought 
this  piece  of  painting  over  with  him.  I  keep  it  as  a  piece  of  family  fur- 
niture, and  as  a  memorial  of  his  removal  hither.'  " 


Notes  and  Queries. 

THE  PHILADELPHIA  DANCING  ASSEMBLY. — In  the  Collections  of 
the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  there  is  one  volume  which  con- 
tains exclusively  material  for  a  history  of  the  Philadelphia  Dancing 
Assembly,  among  which  are  the  original  autographic  list  of  the  subscrib- 
ers, the  rules  governing  the  dancing,  cards  of  invitation,  and  accounts. 
The  " Assembly,"  as  it  is  now  familiarly  known,  was  organized  in  the 
year  1748,  the  first  managers  being  John  Inglis,  Lynford  Lardner,  John 
Wallace,  and  John  Swift.  The  following  gossipy  letter,  addressed  to 
John  Penn,  describes  one  of  their  functions  held  in  1749: 

NEW  CASTLE  3d  May  1749. 
HONOURED  SIR: 

Captain  Arthur  being  detained  at  Red  Bank  I  am  hereby  furnished 
with  an  opportunity  of  sending  you  the  Governors  Speech  to  this  assem- 
bly and  their  address.  The  messuages  between  the  govern1"  and  the 
Assembly  of  Pencelvania  shou'd  have  been  sent  but  Mr.  Franklin's 
promising  positively  that  the  minutes  of  Assembly  should  be  publish'd 
before  Arthurs  Departure  I  did  not  put  my  Clerk  on  makeing  the 
Copies  and  as  he  has  disappointed  me  in  not  printing  the  minutes  be 
pleas' d  to  accept  of  my  excuse.  The  speech  and  address  in  reply  to  it 
were  put  into  the  News  Papers  and  as  there  are  two  Sets  in  each  Box 
these  with  my  Letters  will  give  you  a  just  idea  of  the  Business  done  at 
their  last  Sessions.  I  cannot  tell  what  these  people  will  go  upon  they 
talk  of  a  Bridge  to  be  made  in  another  place  over  Brandywine  and  of 
another  Ferry  over  Christiana  I  never  understood  on  what  Foot-  either 
the  Ferry  or  Bridge  stood  and  since  an  application  is  likely  to  be  made 
of  the  governor  by  the  present  Possessors  which  may  retard  the  passing 
the  Act  this  Sessions.  I  would  beg  the  favour  of  you  to  give  him  or 
me  what  information  you  can  about  the  Ferry  and  what  Sentiments  you 
entertain  of  any  alteration  of  the  places  of  either  the  Ferry  or  Bridge. 
Now  I  have  a  little  leisure  it  may  not  perhaps  be  disagreeable  to  go  a 
Little  into  private  Life.  The  President  at  Seventy-five  married  a  woman 
of  Twenty  and  she  is  likely  to  bring  him  a  child  this  Year,  he  has  Buried 
all  his  Sons  and  Daughters  except  Mrs  Reith  and  Betsey  a  maiden  Lady 
of  Thirty-five  and  he  has  but  one  Grand  Child  a  prettey  girl  of  Mrs  Bark- 
leys  he  is  to  be  sure  one  of  the  Weakest  men  alive  as  you  will  Judge 
when  I  tell  you  that  during  his  Presidentship  I  paid  him  upwards  of 
Two  Thousand  Pounds  of  which  he  has  not  now  One  Thousand  Pounds 
left.  He  happened  to  Conceive  a  good  opinion  of  me  and  so  permitted 
me  to  reason  him  into  an  easey  deportment  towards  the  Council  to  whom 
he  allways  shewd  a  proper  respect  except  When  he  gave  way  to  the 
Resolves  against  his  Judgment  wherby  he  exposed  his  Administration 
and  lost  five  hundred  pounds  that  the  Assembly  was  disposed  to  give 
him  but  this  may  be  said  in  his  excuse  that  it  was  carried  with  two  great 
a  precipitation  to  admit  him  to  consult  with  any  one. 

By  the  Governors  encouragement  there  has  been  a  very  handsome 
Assembly  once  a  fortnight  at  Andrew  Hamiltons  House  and  Stor's 
which  are  Tenanted  by  Mr  Inglish  make  a  Set  of  good  Rooms  for  such  a 
purpose  and  Consists  of  Eighty  Ladies  and  as  many  Gentlemen  one  half 
appearing  every  Assembly  Night  Mr  Inglish  had  the  Conduct  of  the 
whole  and  managed  exceeding  well;  there  happened  a  little  mistake  at 
the  Beginning  which  at  some  other  Times  might  have  produc'd  disturb- 
ances the  Governor  would  have  open'd  the  Assembly  with  Mrs  Taylor  but 


244  Notes  and  Queries. 

she  refus'd  him  I  suppose  because  he  had  not  been  to  Visit  her  after 
Mrs.  Taylors  refusal  two  or  three  Ladies  out  of  Modesty  &  from  no 
manner  of  ill  design  excused  themselves  so  that  the  Governor  was  put  a 
Little  to  his  Shifts  when  Mrs  Willing  now  Mrs  Mayoress  in  a  most  Gen- 
teel Manner  put  herself  into  his  way  and  on  the  Governor  seeing  this 

Instance  of  her  good  nature  he at  the  Occasion  and  they  danc'd 

the  first  Minuet.  No  one  took  notice  of  the  thing  Mrs  Taylor  was 
neither  blam'd  nor  excused  nor  commended  and  so  it  went  of  and  every 
person  during  the  Continuance  of  the  Assembly  which  ended  Last  Week 
was  extreernly  chearfull  and  good  Natur'd  Excuse  this  little  Degression 
the  thing  might  perhaps  be  told  wrong  therefore  tho'  it  is  but  a  trifle 
the  mentioning  it  may  do  some  good.  I  forgot  to  tell  you  that  Mr 
Taylor,  Mr  Lawrence  Sen1'  and  Mr  Samuel  M°Call  Senr  were  Colonel 
Lieutenant  Coll:  and  Major  of  the  associated  Regiment  of  the  City  of 
Philada  Mr  William  Moore  Mr.  Sam1  Howes  and  Mr  John  Mother  were 
the  General  Officers  of  the  Blue  Regiment  of  Chester  County  one  Mr 
M°Dowell  Mr  Few  and  another  Gentleman  were  the  General  Officers  of 
the  Red  Regiment  of  Chester  County  Mr  Alexander  Graydon  who  lives 
on  his  Estate  the  Mills  at  Bristol  Mr  Matthew  Hughs  and  Mr.  DeVor- 
mandie  were  the  General  Officers  of  the  Bucks  County  Regiment  Mr. 
Robert  Ellis  and  two  others  were  the  General  Officers  of  the  other  Bucks 
Coty  Regiment  Mr  Corkson,  Mr  James  Galbreath  and  another  person  were 
General  Officers  rais'd  on  the  East  side  of  the  Susquahannah  in  Lan- 
caster County  and  Mr  Benjamin  Chambers  Mr  William  Maxwell  and  Mr 
Robert  Dunning  were  General  Officers  on  the  West  side  of  Susqua- 
hannah. 

I  do  not  know  what  to  make  of  the  Governor  and  Assembly  of  the 

Jerseys.     I  fancy  they  have  shun  these too  fine  whoever  they 

were  that  advised  Mr  Belcher  to  dissolve  the  Assembly  for  this  now  and 
is  compos' d  of  People  who  are  said  to  be  hearty  for  the  Rioters  and  it  is 
certain  that  Richard  Smith  the  head  of  the  Quaquers  and  a  good  sort  of 
a  Man  whose  son  Married  Hannah  Logan  has  lost  his  influence  over  a 
Majority  of  the  Members — one  good  however  seems  likely  to  attend  it 
that  the  Governor  is  brought  to  speak  out,  and  to  concur  with  the 
Council  in  applications  to  the  King  and  the  Rioters  I  am  told  are  be- 
come more  calm.  They  have  cut  a  vast  Quantity  of  Staves. 

LETTER  OF  GOVERNOR  JOHN  BLACKWELL  TO  WILLIAM  PENN,  in 
collection  of  Mr.  J.  W.  Townsend. — 

MOST  HOND  SR  : 

My  Last  was  of  the  13th  of  January  from  Philadelphia,  inclosed  to  my 
wife  for  conveyance  ;  wherein  I  gave  you  a  large  account  by  way  of  an- 
swer to  your  severall  Letters  of  the  11th  of  Aprill,  the  18th  of  July,  the 
11th  of  August  &  the  25th  of  Septr  last,  and  of  my  delivery  of  the  two 
Comissions  directed  to  the  Provinciall  Councill,  wherin  also  I  acquainted 
you,  that  They  had  placed  the  Deputation  of  the  Governm1  in  them- 
selves :  wherof  I  was  advertised  by  this  following  Letter  from  Mr. 
Markham  viz.  Sr-  The  Councill  has  this  morning  unanimously  ac- 
cepted of  the  Comission  Impowering  the  Provinciall  Councill  to  be 
Deputy  Govr  or  Lieuten1,  and  accordingly  made  choyce  of  Tho:  Lloyd  to 
be  President :  and  under  that  form  the  Provinciall  Councill  is  ready  to 
receive  what  you  have  to  comunicate  to  them.  I  am  Sr  yr  humble  ser- 
vant Wm  Markham  In  the  Councill  at  Philadelphia,  ye  2d 


Notes  and  Queries.  245 

11°  mo.  16|{f  To  John  Blackwell,  Esqr  these/  Touching  their  proceed- 
ings since,  I  shall  say  nothing  by  way  of  anticipation  of  their  own  acco1 
therof — Only  this  I  understood  by  the  Letter  herinclosed  written  to 
John  Simcock  by  Wm  Stockdale  &c.  the  27th  of  the  11°  mo.  161$  that 
the  Gentn  of  the  Lower  County es  seeme  willing  to  knock  off  from  your 
constitution,  under  your  friends  management.  But  I  shall  forbeare  to 
give  you  my  weak  advertissm1  upon  the  observations  I  have  made  of  the 
motive  or  grounds  induceingthem  therunto,  or  my  owne  dis-satisfactions 
therewith,  in  reference  to  the  insecurity  both  of  their  Matyes  Interest  in 
the  Province,  and  their  subjects  hazard  thereby  :  being  doubtfull  of  the 
arivall  of  these,  under  your  present  circumstances,  though  I  confesse  I 
have  much  upon  my  spirit  to  say  with  respect  [torn]  each :  But  the  con- 
clusion you  have  put  to  my  conceruednesse  therin,  and  your  totall  silence 
as  to  hints  of  like  nature  by  my  former  Letters,  discourage  my  present 
inlargeing  on  that  subject :  at  least  for  the  present,  houlding  it  unsea- 
sonable to  adde  to  your  present  burthens.  I  remember  what  the  Lord  by 
his  servant  Moses  spake  to  his  people  of  old  viz:  Yee  know  the  heart 
of  strangers  and  of  Our  Lord  himselfe  (whom  we  are  to  imitate)  its1  sayd. 
He  can  not  but  have  compassion  on  those  that  suffer,  for  that  he  also 
had  suffer'd.  Sr  I  have  gone  through  like  circumstances  of  Reducem1 
with  yours  under  God's  various  providences  towards  me  since  1660:  and 
have  been  additionally  tryed  (beyond  my  strength  to  beare)  in  Pennsil- 
vania.  But  the  Lord  supported  me  whilest  I  got  not  so  much  there  as 
would  discharge  my  horses  standing,  and  ran  in  debt  for  every  bitt  of 
bread  I  ate  ;  and  what  I  got  or  could  borrow  was  in  such  pittifull  sums 
<fc  skantlings,  as  occasiond  a  double  charge  upon  me  :  of  which  I  shall 
say  no  more,  but  that,  towards  the  time  of  my  coming  away,  and  after  a 
fruitlesse  tryall  of  all  means  to  get  in  some  part  of  your  Rents  for  the 
discharge  of  my  salary,  or  at  least  for  enabling  me  to  remove,  I  was  con- 
stray  ned  to  borrow  25°  of  Rob:  Turner,  and  to  give  him  a  bill  of  20° 
English  money  for  the  same  charged  on  you  at  60  days  after  sight,  to 
enable  me  for  my  journey  thence.  The  like  I  gave  to  Griffith  Jones 
for  50°  more ;  which  they  promised  to  use  utmost  indeavors  to  re-im- 
burse  out  of  your  Rents  there,  &  to  spare  you  in,  if  they  found  it  could 
be  so  gotten.  This  later  sum  being  for  my  dyet  about  5  months  with 
him,  and  for  the  use  of  some  part  of  his  house,  valued  at  31°  for  the 
time  I  lodged  there,  (for  I  could  have  no  benefit  by  the  use  of  yours,  or 
other  conveniences,  Mr.  Markham  &  your  goods  from  Pennsbury  filling 
it.)  Sr  I  did  not  think  I  should  have  been  so  used  as  I  found  I  was. 
Especially  having  recd  advertisem*  from  my  wife  (by  your  directions)  of 
a  Cargo  of  goods  consigned  me  for  paying  my  salary,  which,  I  under- 
stood was  afterwards  diverted  un-accountably.  Not  to  mention  other 
causes  of  my  discouragem18  and  dis-appointm*  of  that  which  by  your 
Letter  you  promised  to  secure  to  me.  But,  Sr  my  principall  designe  by 
these  lynes  was  to  have  given  you  an  account  of  my  proceedings  about 
ye  receiving  of  your  Rents  here,  which  is  conteyned  in  the  large  tran- 
script or  narrative  therof  herewith  sent  you.  wherin  you  will  perceive 
I  have  pursued  the  same  method  as  whilest  I  had  the  honor  to  preside 
in  your  Councill.  so  that  I  need  to  say  the  lesse,  submitting  the  same  to 
your  owne  animadversions  &  reflections  therupon.  I  have  this  only  to 
adde  by  way  of  appollogie,  that  the  faylure  I  have  mett  with  in  Penn- 
silvania,  and  the  prospect  I  had  of  my  after  dis-appoyntm*8,  occasion' d 
my  chargeing  you  the  30th  of  May  last  with  a  1st,  2"  &  3d  bills  of  Ex- 


246  Notes  and  Queries. 

change  for  pay  in1  of  100°  to  Mr.  Dean  Montage  Merchant  or  his  order 
at  30  dayes  after  sight;  wch  was  for  repaym1  of  100D  I  borrowed  here  of 
Mr.  Richards,  for  furnishing  my  self  with  horses,  other  necessaryes  & 
charges  of  my  journey  to  Pennsilvania.  (The  whole  of  which  was  layd 
out  of  those  occasions  Except  some  small  part  spent  there  after  my  coin- 
ing.) I  confesse  I  wrote  my  wife  word,  that  if  she  understood  you  were 
streightend  to  pay  that  sum,  she  should  provide  against  the  protest  of 
the  Bills  for  non-payment,  untill  I  should  trye  the  utmost  of  other  means, 
which  finding  my  self  dis-appoynted  of,  I  have  been  forced  by  other 
Letters  since  to  put  her  on  the  re-newing  of  her  request  for  paym':  and 
in  confidence  therof,  since  my  returne  hither,  being  prest  to  repaym*  of 
the  100°  I  borrowed  here  with  the  Interest  for  neare  2  yeares,  I  took  up 
moneys  here,  and  charged  like  bills  for  100°  on  my  son,  with  advice  to 
answer  it  by  the  foremen tioned  100°  charged  on  you;  which  if  Mr. 
Mountage  be  fayled  of,  will  highly  reflect  upon  me.  and  necessitate  my 
friends  there,  as  well  as  dis-repute  me  here,  which  I  persuade  me  you 
will  be  tender  of.  And  now  Sr  In  Order  to  the  winding  up  my  bottome 
with  you,  I  have  here  inclosed  (&  also  sent  my  wife)  a  coppy  of  my  hum- 
ble demands  and  expectations  for  my  service  on  your  Comission  as  GOY- 
ernor:  wch  I  conceive  is  just,  the  further  Incouragem18  (which  were  also 
inducem*  to  me  to  undertake  it  viz.  That  of  affording  me  the  privilege 
of  your  house  in  Philadelphia;  as  also  That  you  doubted  not  but  you 
should  prevayle  with  your  people  to  make  it  up  at  least  100°  ^  annum 
more;  (wherin  I  relyed  on  your  Interest)  I  submitt  to  your  generosity; 
with  this  only  incentive,  that  I  have  lost  two  years  time  in  ye  improving 
my  plantation  here,  besides  what  I  have  lost  (by  my  absence)  of  the  im- 
provement I  had  made  before.  If  upon  no  account  I  have  deserved  it, 
I'm  sure  to  be  a  loser  by  your  favor,  in  full  complyance  with  my  expec- 
tations upon  the  aco*  inclosed  which  is  an  additional  discomfort  to  me  in 
my  old  age.  I  have  desired  my  wife  to  wayt  on  you  for  such  perform- 
ance as  your  justice  &  wisdom  shall  think  meet.  And  if  in  considera- 
tion of  those  other  Expectations  you  raysed  in  me,  you  shall  think  fitt  to 
present  my  Dearest  with  fifty  pieces  of  Gold,  it  shall  be  as  double  so 
much  given  my  self:  and  I  shall  for  the  same  have  such  farther  consider- 
ation of  your  aflfayrs  and  the  methodizing  of  them  (especially  of  what 
concerns  your  Revenue  upon  &  agreeable  to  that  measure  I  have  at- 
tayned  of  the  knowledge  therof,  and  of  your  peoples  inclinations  &  ap- 
prehensions) as  may  assure  you  I  remayne 

Sr 
Yr  very  much  obliged  humble  &  faithfull  servant 

JOHN  BLACKWELL. 
Boston,  May  ye  15th  1690 

For  the  Honble 
William  Penn 

Lord  Proprietor  of  the  Province 
of  Pennsilvania  &  Counties 
Annexed 

In  America. 

At  London 

These. 


Notes  and  Queries.  247 

PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  CONVENTION  WHICH  NOMINATED  JOSEPH 
HIESTER  FOR  GOVERNOR  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. — The  simplicity  and 
generally  deliberative  nature  of  a  State  Convention  of  that  day  is  in 
diverting  contrast  to  the  cut-and-dried  programme  of  such  bodies  at 
the  present. 

Louis  RICHARDS. 
READING,  PA. 

LANCASTER  March  8th  1820 
GENERAL  JOSEPH  HIESTER. 

DEAR  SIR, 

In  pursuance  of  a  resolution  of  the  Convention  assembled  at  Carlisle 
on  the  4th  Inst.  for  the  purpose  of  recommending  a  Candidate  as  Governor 
to  be  supported  at  the  next  general  election,  T  herewith  transmit  a  copy 
of  their  proceedings,  with  sentiments  of  respect  and  a  sincere  wish  for 
the  success  of  our  cause 

I  am  respectfully  your's  &c 

GEORGE  Louis  MAYER 

Secretary  of  the  Convention. 

CARLISLE  March  4th  1820. 

The  delegates  from  the  several  counties  of  Pennsylvania  elected  by 
the  friends  of  reform  for  the  purpose  of  nominating  a  suitable  candidate 
for  the  office  of  Governor  to  be  recommended  to  the  people  of  this  Com- 
monwealth for  their  consideration  on  the  second  Tuesday  of  October, 
assembled  this  day  at  the  Court  house,  and  after  some  desultory  conver- 
sation appointed  John  Shryock  of  Franklin  County,  Chairman  and  Eli 
Coulter  of  Westmoreland  and  George  Louis  Mayer  of  Lancaster  County 
Secretaries.  The  meeting  being  thus  organized,  it  was  agreed  that  the 
names  of  the  Counties  be  call'd  and  those  represented  should  be  entered 
on  the  Minutes  of  the  Convention — there  appeared  from  the  City  ot 
Philadelphia,  John  M.  Taylor:  County  of  Phil'a  Charles  Peirce,  Robert 
Carr,  Centre,  Wm  H.  Patterson:  Berks,  Conrad  Feger,  Peter  Aurand, 
George  Boyer,  John  Berkenbine:  Lancaster  Jno.  Whiteside,  Jo8  Lefevre 
Jno:  Ramsey,  Geo:  P.  Fryor,  Geo.  Louis  Mayer.  Schuylkill  Frederick 
Hesser:  Lebanon,  David  Fisher,  Henry  Koppenhaver:  Dauphin,  Henry 
Wenrich,  Jacob  Shoemaker,  Cumberland  John  McCarter,  Abraham  Ful- 
weiler,  Samuel  Reddet:  Mifflin,  Robert  M°Clelland,  Andrew  Banks 
Westmoreland,  Alexr  Culbertson,  Eli  Coulter,  Humphry  Fullerton. 
Franklin,  John  Shryock,  John  McLean,  Samuel  Dickey. 

Information  was  then  laid  before  the  Convention  of  the  inability  of  a 
number  of  delegates  (colleagues  of  those  members  from  counties  repre- 
sented) to  attend  as  well  as  those  of  other  counties  who  had  elected  dele- 
gates, but  from  their  want  of  knowledge  of  the  time  and  place  of  meeting, 
and  other  unavoidable  causes  could  not  arrive  in  time  to  take  their  seats 
at  this  Convention. 

It  was  then  resolved — That  this  Convention  proceed  to  the  nomination 
of  a  Candidate  to  be  recommended  to  the  people  of  Pennsylvania  for  the 
Office  of  Governor.  Whereupon  the  following  nominations  were  made. 

Joseph  Hiester  John  Steel  Col°  of  Phila.  Andrew  Gregg 

N.  B.  Boileau  John  Spayd  Isaac  Wayne 

Dr  Geo.  Logan  Benjm  R.  Morgan  Walter  Franklin 

James  Brady  Jared  Ingersoll  Wm  Tilghman 


248  Notes  and  Queries. 

A  Motion  was  then  made  and  carried,  that  the  opinions  of  the  gentle- 
men present  be  fully  and  fairly  express' d,  as  respected  the  sentiments 
of  their  constituents  in  relation  to  the  different  candidates  now  before 
the  Convention.  After  a  full  and  free  discussion  during  which  the 
present  state  and  prospects  of  the  friends  of  reform  were  taken  into  view 
as  well  as  the  claims  of  the  highly  respectable  character  in  nomination, 
it  appeared  that — 

General  Joseph  Hiester  of  Berks  County  on  taking  the  sense  of  the 
meeting  received  twenty-eight  votes,  and  Walter  Franklin  Esquire  of 
Lancaster  County,  one  vote — whereupon  Joseph  Hiester  was  recom- 
mended to  the  people  of  Pennsylvania  as  a  suitable  candidate  for  the 
office  of  Governor  at  the  general  election  to  be  held  on  the  second 
Tuesday  of  October  1820. 

A  Committee  was  then  appointed  to  draft  a  preamble  and  resolutions 
expressive  of  the  sentiments  entertained  by  this  meeting,  consisting  of 
John  Whitesides,  Charles  Peirce,  Abram  Fulweiler,  Wm  H.  Patterson, 
James  Dickey,  Eli  Coulter  and  George  Louis  Mayer.  The  Convention 
then  adjourn'd  to  meet  again  this  evening  to  receive  the  report  of  the 
Committee.  The  Convention  re-assembled  pursuant  to  adjournment, 
and  the  committee  to  draft  certain  resolutions  &c.  reported,  that  owing 
to  the  short  time  allowed  them,  they  were  unable  to  accomplish  the 
object  for  which  they  were  appointed,  and  requested  a  further  period  to 
transact  the  business  delegated  to  them.  Thereupon  the  Convention 
adjourn'd  to  meet  again  on  Monday  morning  March  6th. 

Monday  March  6th  1820. 

The  Convention  reassembled,  when  the  following  preamble  and  reso- 
lutions were  reported  by  the  Committee  appointed,  and  were  adopted 
by  the  unanimous  voice  of  the  Convention. 

The  Governments  of  the  States  of  America  may  be  said  to  be  only 
political  institutions  ever  created,  which  have  not  derived  their  origin 
from  force,  fraud  or  accident.  A  glorious  design  under  the  influence 
of  the  Deity  has  reared  those  structures  under  which  so  great  a  share 
of  prosperity  has  been  enjoyed  by  the  people  of  these  states,  and  which 
must  forever  continue  to  protect  their  prosperity,  if  each  existing  gen- 
eration shall  be  as  virtuous  and  as  vigilant  as  their  ancestors.  Decay 
indeed  seems  to  be  incidental  to  all  human  works,  and  it  must  be  con- 
fessed that  short  as  the  durations  of  our  institutions  have  been,  symp- 
toms of  no  dubious  boding  have  Been  already  witnessed.  Still  it  will 
be  found  on  a  candid  enquiry  that  if  abuses  have  presented  themselves 
they  have  not  been  the  effects  of  inherent  imperfections  in  our  frame  of 
Government  so  much  as  of  a  culpable  indifference  or  neglect  on  the 
part  of  the  people.  It  is  now  nearly  four  years  since  that  portion  of 
the  freemen  of  Pennsylvania  denominated  Independent  republicans 
erected  the  standard  of  political  reform,  aware  of  the  abuses  of 
power  by  those  who  were  elected  to  the  higher  grades  of  office  and 
trust,  they  resolved  to  resist  those  abuses  and  that  selfishness  of  indi- 
viduals which  necessarily  proceed'd  therefrom. 

When  the  first  meeting  was  held  in  Carlisle,  those  who  attended  it 
raised  their  warning  voices  against  the  mischiefs  of  legislative  interfer- 
ence in  the  nominations  of  Presidents  and  Governors,  they  were  then 
answered  only  by  calumny  and  aspersion,  but  the  people  were  not  in- 


Notes  and  Queries.  249 

different  or  so  ignorant  as  was  imagined  under  all  those  difficulties,  our 
predecessors  of  1816  made  a  deep  impression  upon  the  public  mind. 
So  powerful  indeed  was  their  appeal  to  the  people,  that  in  the  suc- 
ceeding year,  the  very  persons  who  had  so  lately  deffended  legislative 
nominations  adopted  a  line  of  conduct  different  from  the  past,  and  at 
length  such  has  been  the  glorious  effect  of  truth  and  perseverence  that 
a  legislative  nomination  of  candidates  is  now  publicly  scouted  by  those 
who  in  1816  reprobated  my  other  course. 

If  the  efforts  of  the  minority  of  1816  should  not  accomplish  a  more 
important  change  than  this,  it  will  have  been  an  adequate  consideration 
for  all  their  labours  and  the  unmerited  abuse  return' d  for  their  disinter- 
ested services.  But  their  success  is  so  far  a  guarantee  of  an  ultimate 
triumph  in  all  other  respects.  The  path  of  principle  is  straight  and 
pleasant,  ambition  and  selfishness  are  not  tempted  to  tread  it,  so  that 
an  ample  opportunity  is  offered  for  the  exercise  of  the  energies  of  the 
virtuous  and  disinterested. 

No  provocation  ought  to  produce  an  imitation  of  the  example  of  those 
who  in  1817  denounced  as  "  Enemies  of  the  country"  such  of  the  free- 
men of  this  state  as  would  not  submit  to  a  legislative  nomination  ;  the 
rights  of  all  men  are  equal,  the  actions  of  no  man  ought  to  be  attributed 
to  base  motives,  if  those  more  generous  can  possibly  be  supposed,  allow- 
ance ought  ever  to  be  made  for  the  frailty  of  our  nature  and  a  reform 
of  political  abuses  can  only  be  lasting  which  is  produced  by  conviction, 
such  it  is  believed  have  hitherto  been  the  leading  doctrines  of  the 
minority  of  1816  &  17,  such  it  is  hoped  will  ever  be  the  sentiments 
which  will  guide  their  successors. 

Thus  unwilling  to  arouse  unnecessarily  any  personal  emotions,  it  is 
with  reluctance  that  duty  demands  a  brief  notice  of  the  candidate  who 
succeed'd  in  1817.  Have  the  predictions  of  his  friends  been  realized  by 
the  wisdom  and  purity  of  his  measures?  Has  he  pursued  the  course 
which  was  then  so  loudly  promised?  Or  have  not  the  accusations  then 
preferred  against  him  been  amply  established  even  by  those  who  may  be 
said  to  have  been  of  his  househould  ?  What  objection  made  to  him  then 
has  lost  its  force  upon  experience?  What  motive  that  then  existed  to 
array  manly  opposition  does  not  now  demand  a  more  resolute  resist- 
ance ?  If  indeed  there  is  a  necessity  for  an  amilioration  of  our  political 
as  well  as  social  concerns;  if  it  is  desirable  that  an  early  termination 
should  be  put  to  the  prevailing  distress  and  embarassinents ;  if  a  mag- 
nanimous policy  essential  to  the  internal  prosperity  of  Pennsylvania, 
those  desirable  results  can  only  be  accomplish' d  by  a  change  in  the  state 
administration,  Men  who  seek  power  and  patronage  solely  for  the  pur- 
pose of  their  own  agrandisement  should  be  removed  from  the  trusts  they 
abuse,  and  their  stations  fill'd  by  men  who  will  aim  to  establish  their 
renown  by  the  benefits  they  confer  on  society. 

To  the  accomplishment  of  this  great  purpose,  party  distinctions  at  all 
times  odious,  now  no  longer  oppose  themselves,  the  charm  of  a  mere 
name  has  ceased  to  delude  the  mask  of  affected  patriotism  no  longer 
hides  the  deformity  of  imposture,  the  freemen  of  this  Commonwealth 
seek  statesmen  and  not  factionists,  and  the  virtuous  and  the  wise  cannot 
be  anticipated  from  a  reform  of  the  political  administration,  a  change 
that  must  restore  Pennsylvania  to  her  once  high  and  glorious  reputation 
amongst  the  States. 

Impress'd  with  those  sentiments:  therefore, 


250  Notes  and  Queries. 

Resolved,  That  we  adhere  to  the  principles  and  objects  avowed  by  the 
friends  of  reform  assembled  in  Convention  at  Carlisle  in  1816  &  17 — 
never  forgetting  the  great  political  truth  that  all  men  are  born  free  and 
equal  and  that  goverments  ought  to  be  instituted  for  the  use  of  the 
Governed  and  not  for  the  Governors. 

Resolved.  That  a  change  in  the  administration  is  absolutely  necessary 
to  the  duration  and  purity  of  our  political  institutions  and  to  the  resto- 
ration of  the  Commonwealth  to  its  former  state  of  honorable  distinction 
and  internal  prosperity. 

Resolved.  That  Rotation  in  Office,  being  of  vital  importance  to  our 
existence  as  a  republic,  we  recommend  that  the  candidate  now  proposed 
to  the  Independent  votes  of  Pennsylvania  and  every  succeeding  candi- 
date, who  may  be  elevated  by  the  suffrages  of  the  people  to  this  high 
trust,  will  in  accordance  with  the  spirit  of  the  constitution  retire  from 
office  at  the  expiration  of  Three  Years,  and  after  saving  his  country, 
his  constitutional  period,  decline  a  re-election. 

Resolved — As  the  opinion  of  this  meeting,  that  the  Candidate  now 
recommended  will  if  elected,  call  to  his  council  our  most  virtuous  and 
distinguished  citizens,  having  talents  and  honesty,  without  regard  to 
party  prejudices,  sectional  divisions  or  religious  distinctions,  and  that 
his  policy  in  all  respects  will  be  wise,  generous  and  disinterested. 

Resolved — That  this  convention  highly  disapproves  of  the  practice 
heretofore  adopted  by  the  incumbents  to  office,  in  arrogating  to  them- 
selves the  supreme  direction  in  nominating  candidates  for  office,  and 
view  it  as  a  system  of  corruption  tending  to  subvert  the  freedom  of 
choice  and  introduce  aristocracy  by  creating  two  orders  among  the 
people. 

Resolved — Therefore  that  we  most  zealously  recommend  to  the  free- 
men of  Pennsylvania  from  this  time  henceforth  to  exclude  from  all 
meetings  for  nominations  all  persons  holding  offices  dependant  for  dura- 
tion or  salary  upon  the  pleasures  of  the  executive  of  the  United  States, 
or  of  this  State. 

Resolved — That  in  selecting  men  to  fill  our  public  offices,  we  recom- 
mend to  our  fellow  citizens  to  be  guided  solely  in  their  choice  by  the  fit- 
ness, honesty  and  capacity  of  the  candidate,  laying  aside  party  spirit, 
that  bane  of  public  good  and  poison  of  social  happiness  when  carried 
beyond  the  bounds  of  free  enquiry.  And  that  instead  of  substituting 
unmeaning  terms  of  reproach  for  reason  and  argument,  we  keep  up  a 
spirit  of  liberality  and  forbearance  in  our  discussions. 

Resolved — That  the  candidate  for  the  gubernatorial  chair  of  Pennsyl- 
vania ought  to  be  a  man  not  only  of  private  worth  and  public  integ- 
rity but  one  who  would  be  a  rallying  point  for  honest  men  of  all  parties, 
desirous  to  promote  the  public  good  rather  than  foment  party  dissen- 
tions,  and  one  who  would  discountenance  all  measures  calculated  to 
aggrandize  the  few  at  the  expense  &  degredation  of  the  many. 

Resolved — That  in  the  opinion  of  this  Convention  Joseph  Hiester  if 
elected  would  be  such  a  chief  magistrate  as  would  advance  the  best  in- 
terests of  the  state,  establish  by  his  example  and  influence  and  the  wise 
and  prudent  measures  of  his  administration  "a  new  order  of  things" 
founded  on  the  strong  basis  of  economy  and  the  public  good,  and  rescue 
the  character  of  Republican  Pennsylvania,  from  that  degraded  situation, 
to  which  its  party  animosities  and  spirit  of  proscription  have  reduced  it 
in  the  eyes  and  estimation  of  our  sister  states. 


Notes  and  Queries.  251 

Resolved — That  a  general  committee  of  correspondence  be  appointed 
of  25  persons  and  that  the  state  be  divided  into  five  districts,  when  the 
following  was  reported  and  adopted. 

For  the  City  and  County  of  Phil"  and  the  adjacent  counties — Jos. 
Reed,  Wm  Delany,  Wm  G.  Duane,  Wm  Milnor  and  John  Harrison. 

For  Berks,  Northampton  and  the  adjacent  Counties — John  Bickel, 
Jacob  K.  Boyer,  Berks,  Alen  Horn,  Northampton,  John  Whitesides 
and  Geo.  Hoffman  Lancaster  Centre,  Lycoming  and  the  adjacent 
counties,  Andrew  Gregg,  Hamilton  Humes  Centre,  Sam1  Stewart,  Ly- 
coming, Col.  James  McFarland  and  Dr  Doty  Mifflin. 

For  Dauphin,  Cumberland  &c.  John  P.  Helfenstien,  Geo.  Brown, 
George  Auchenbach,  Carlisle,  James  Montgomery,  of  Dauphin,  John 
Rudesil  of  Franklin  and  J.  Carter  Esqr  of  York. 

For  Allegheny  and  the  counties  west  of  the  mountains  Walter  For- 
ward, Allegheny,  David  Stewart  Indiana  David  Reynolds  Armstrong, 
James  Brady  and  John  D.  Mathiot  of  West-Moreland. 

Resolved — That  the  members  of  the  Committee  named  be  authorized 
to  supply  any  vacancies,  and  that  our  friends  in  the  different  counties  of 
the  state  be  requested  to  appoint  a  committee  of  correspondence  for  each 
county  to  co-operate  with  the  committee  above  named. 

Resolved — That  John  M.  Taylor,  Jo8  Lefever,  Abram  Fulweiler, 
Humphry  Fullerton,  Andrew  Banks,  John  McLean  and  David  Fisher, 
be  appointed  a  committee  to  prepare  an  address  to  the  people  of  Penn- 
sylvania in  behalf  of  this  Convention. 

Resolved — That  the  thanks  of  this  Convention  be  presented  to  the 
Commissioners  of  the  County  of  Cumberland  for  the  use  of  the  Court 
house,  and  to  the  spectators*  for  their  orderly  deportment  during  the 
session  of  the  Convention. 

Resolved — That  the  proceedings  be  sign'd  by  the  chairman  and  secre- 
taries, and  published  in  all  the  papers  of  the  State. 

The  business  of  the  Convention  being  closed,  as  it  was  begun  in  the 
utmost  harmony,  friendship  and  unanimity,  adjourn 'd. 

(signd) 

JOHN  SHRYOCK,  Chairman 

Eli  Coulter  and      ) 

^T         \  secretaries. 
Geo.  Louis  Mayer  j 

G.  L.  M. 

WILLIAM  WEBB'S  ACCOUNT  OF  HIS  JOURNEY  TO  THE  CONOYS. — 

4m«  ye  4th  1733  I  left  my  Habitation  in  order  to  meet  John  Taylor 
to  compleat  ye  Survey  of  ye  Quantity  of  Land  of  10000  Acres  for  I.  Page 
on  wch  day  we  met  at  John  Minshalls  nere  ye  Gap  &  staying  there  that 
night,  ye  next  morning  we  sett  out  for  New  Town  in  company  wth  Joseph 
Brinton  &  severall  others  of  our  company  about  ye  Hour  of  nine  in  y* 
morning  gott  safe  there  to  ye  House  of  S.  Bettrell  at  wch  place  we 
refreshed  our  Selves  &  baited  our  Horses  intending  ye  same  day  for 
Pexton  &  being  informd  that  there  was  a  man  going  to  Pexton  we  sig- 
nified we  should  be  glad  of  his  company  for  a  guide,  but  presently  un- 
derstanding that  he  must  call  (on  some  business)  out  of  the  way  therefore 


*The  house  was  crowded. 


252  Notes  and  Queries. 

had  no  further  expectation  of  him,  where  upon  one  Sam.  Smith  a  liver 
in  Donegall  informd  us  that  he  was  going  home  &  we  apprehending  he 
might  be  guide  to  us  through  the  most  dificult  way  signified  we  should 
be  glad  cf  his  company  but  ye  sd  Smith  being  apprehensive  that  we  were 
going  to  Survey  some  Land  signified  to  us  that  we  had  better  return  home 
than  go  any  farther  on  such  an  affair  wch  made  J.  Taylor  query  for  what 
reason,  the  answer  was  that  the  inhabitants  met  &was  come  to  agenerall 
resolution  not  to  admitt  of  any  Survey  to  be  made,  neither  in  Donegall 
Swataro  Paxton  Quetepehala  nor  any  lands  any  where  there  or  there- 
abouts, although  we  oftentimes  informed  him  the  good  purpose  of  y* 
Proprietor  towards  ye  inhabitants  of  the  places  afforesd,  yet  nott  with- 
standing it  was  often  repeated  by  him  that  a  Survey  would  not  be  suf- 
fered— upon  any  pretentious  whatsoever  no  not  so  much  as  to  locate  y* 
Bounds  of  Donegall  until  they  knew  the  terms  expecting  ye  price  would 
not  exceed  5£  $  Hundred  from  a  price  they  have  seen  &  who  was  Pro- 
prietor threatening  that  if  we  went  on  in  pursuitt  thereof  although  by 
our  Proprietor  Penn  speciall  order  they  should  in  noways  regard  it  then 
we  asked  if  they  were  got  beyond  Law  answered  yes  &  Gospel  too  wch 
caused  some  warm  words  to  pass,  threatening  what  they  would  do,  we 
then  asking  if  they  were  resolvd  to  kill  us,  or  to  break  our  bones  his 
answer  was  no,  but  we  should  be  blanketed  if  we  offered  any  Survey  so 
after  some  further  discorse  we  pursued  our  Journey  leaving  ye  sd  Smith 
behind  us  but  I  being  willing  to  acquaint  my  Self  better  of  ye  Quantity 
of  Land  vacant  about  the  Conoy  Town  &  well  knowing  y*  ye  indians  was 
liveing  thereon  did  not  care  to  come  wth  a  Survey  at  unawares  upon  them 
wch  made  me  leave  J.  T.  &  I.  P.  &  some  others  of  our  company  to  go  to 
ye  sd  Town  in  order  to  treat  wth  ye  indians  on  that  affair  they  pursueing 
their  Journey  to  Pexton  in  order  to  execute  a  Survey  for  ye  Pror  of  a 
1000  Acres,  so  after  many  miles  riding  I  gott  to  A.  Galbreath  at  woh  I 
alighted  talking  a  little  wth  him  found  by  him  the  disposition  of  mind 
of  the  people  as  we  had  reason  before  to  apprehd  wch  made  me,  at  ye 
request  of  J.  Taylor  agreeable  to  my  own  mind  to  desire  his  company 
with  me  to  the  indian  Town  as  ally  up  to  Pexton  apprehending  his 
presence  as  a  Magistrate  might  greatly  awe  the  disquietted  people  but  he 
absolutely  refused  to  go  a  long  with  us  unless  he  had  ye  Proprietors  J.  N. 
or  J.  S.  Speciall  order  so  I  took  leave  of  him  wth  two  of  my  own  com- 
pany pursueing  my  design  forward  &  calling  at  one  (I  think)  James 
Smiths  House  I  there  gott  some  small  refreshment  he  appearing  very 
kind  &  of  good  behaviour  &  after  some  time  I  went  forward  in  order  to 
the  town  &  going  along,  the  people  flocked  in  on  all  sides  of  the  road  to 
a  very  great  number  nere  40  or  60  in  about  one  Hour  many  of  them 
haveing  clubs  wth  them  in  a  very  unbecomeing  manner  &  by  their  words 
&  actions  appeared  fully  determined  to  offer  an  abuse  if  we  had  proceeded 
to  a  Survey,  any  otherwise  than  before  is  observd  so  at  last  being  at  ye 
Town  spoke  with  ye  indians  and  finding  their  uneasiness  resolved  to 
leave  my  design  of  Surveying  there  &  pursue  further  supposing  their 
uneasiness  to  proceed  from  the  misrepresentation  of  those  people  &  so  I 
parted  wth  ye  indians  very  good  friends,  most  of  those  Donegallians  being 
still  w*  me  but  some  of  them  seemed  somewhat  moderated  before  we 
parted  next  Morning  setting  out  wth  my  company  for  Pexton  in  order  to 
meet  J.  T.  &c.  in  hopes  to  accomplish  rny  business  arrivd  about  3  or  4 
a  clock  in  the  afternoon  arrived  at  ye  House  of  John  Harris  in  Pexton 
at  my  first  appearance  John  Harris,  Joseph  Brinton,  John  Taylor  &c 


Notes  and  Queries.  253 

rejoyced  fearing  they  would  have  way  laid  &  done  me  some  great  injury 
so  going  into  ye  House  they  informed  me  how  J.  Taylor  had  been  serv'd 
(supposing  it  to  be  me)  while  in  ye  Survey  of  ye  1000  Acres  for  ye  Pro- 
prietor a  man  in  great  rage  ran  in  upon  him  &  Struck  at  him  several  1 
times  &  hurt  him  very  much  but  being  prevented  by  some  in  the  com- 
pany obstructed  his  design  of  takeing  his  Blood  he  Swearing  he  would 
have  my  Blood  if  ever  he  mett  wth  me  they  also  informing  me  of  their 
apprehensions  of  ye  resolution  of  many  of  the  people  in  like  manner  as 
afforesd  so  that  from  ye  generall  appearance  of  the  people  in  all  those 
parts  we  durst  not  proceed  to  ye  execution  of  our  Business  so  resolved  to 
return  &  Setting  out  next  morning  from  ye  House  of  John  Harris  at 
about  15  or  20  Miles  distance  we  were  pursued  by  two  men  in  an  unbe- 
coming manner  giveing  us  very  unbecomeing  langauge  we  being  at  ye 
time  refreshing  our  Selves  by  a  Stream  of  water  &  going  to  eat  when 
they  come  up  \\r^  us  so  from  what  they  expressed  &  from  what  before 
had  passed  by  Hint  to  us  we  were  under  some  apprehensions  of  a  con- 
siderable number  pursueing  us  so  upon  ye  same  mounted  our  Horses  & 
pursued  on  our  way  two  men  being  in  company  wth  us  (before  those  two 
former)  being  livers  at  Pexton  much  persuaded  us  to  make  on  our  way 
they  very  much  fearing  great  mischf  if  they  overtook  us  one  of  ye  former 
two  rideing  for  many  miles  hollowing  as  he  rid  to  allarm  the  country 
wch  prevented  our  representing  the  case  to  a  magistrate  &  obliged  us  to 
take  a  road  for  our  safty  unexpected  to  them  the  other  wtb  his  club  pur- 
sueing us  untill  his  Horse  tired  so  by  takeing  a  different  road  we  escaped 
without  any  further  harm. 

V 

DONATION  TO  THE  POOR  OF  BOSTON,  1775;  original  in  the  Dickinson 
Papers,  Manuscript  Department  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. — 

PHILADELPHIA,  Sept.  6,  1775 

Rec'd  of  John  Dickinson  Esq.  One  hundred  &  Fifty  seven  pounds 
thirteen  shillings  &  Nine  pence  Philad"  Currency,  being  a  Donation  from 
the  County  of  Caroline  in  Maryland  to  the  Poor  of  Boston,  which  I 
Engage  to  Transmit  to  the  Committee  of  Donations  to  be  appropriated 
to  the  Sufferers  of  Boston  agreeable  to  the  Design  of  the  Donors. 

JOHN  HANCOCK 
£157.  13.  9. 

THE  FRANKS  FAMILY. — So  much  historical  and  personal  interest 
centers  around  different  members  of  the  Franks  family  and  so  much  that 
is  not  correct  in  regard  to  them  has  appeared  in  print,  that  I  have  put 
into  shape  some  notes  jotted  down  by  me  in  the  course  of  a  search  for  a 
portrait  of  the  wit  and  beauty,  Rebecca  Franks,  afterward  Lady  John- 
son, which  was  published  for  the  first  time  as  an  illustration  to  The  Ameri- 
can Woman,  by  Miss  Ida  M.  Tarbell,  in  The  American  Magazine  for  No- 
vember, 1909. 

It  seems  to  be  conceded  that  the  American  emigrant  of  the  family  was 
Jacob  Franks,  who  came  to  this  country  according  to  one  account,  circa 
1 705,  and  according  to  another  account,  circa  1711.  His  father  is  vari- 
ously stated  to  have  been  Aaron  Franks  and  Naphtali  Franks,  of  Ger- 
many, the  former  of  whom  it  is  claimed  went  to  England,  with  George 
of  Hanover,  in  1714,  to  be  crowned  King  of  Great  Britain,  loaning  him 
the  jewels  he  wore  in  his  crown  on  that  occasion.  Jacob  Franks  (I)  wan 


254  Notes  and  Queries. 

born  in  1688  and  died  in  New  York,  January  16,  1769.  In  1719  he 
married  Belhah  Abigail  Levy,  daughter  of  Moses  Levy,  and  had  4  chil- 
dren, David,  Phila,  Moses  and ,  if  not  more. 

1.  David  Franks  (2)  b.  in  New  York,  September  23,  1720,  removed  to 
Philadelphia,  circa  1738,  and  married  there,  December  17,  1743,  Mar- 
garet Evans,  daughter  of  "Peter  Evans  of  the  Inner  Temple,  gentleman, 
Register  General  of  Pennsylvania."  Mrs.  Franks  d.  September  28,  1780, 
aged  60,  and  was  buried  in  Christ  Church  yard.*    David  Franks  died  in 
England  in  1794,  having  had  5  or  6  children,  viz: 

1.  Abigail  Franks  (3),  b.  January  6,  1744/5;  baptised  in  Christ  Church, 

April  12,  1745  ;  in.  January  6,  1768,  Andrew  Hamilton,  son  of 
the  Councillor  of  the  same  name  who  was  brother  of  Governor 
James  Hamilton,  son  of  Andrew  Hamilton,  the  great  lawyer  and 
elder  brother  of  William  Hamilton  of  the  Woodlands.  She  died 
September  11,  1798,  leaving  one  child,  Ann  (4),  who  married 
James  Lyle,  whose  daughter  Ellen  (5)  married  Hartnian  Kuhn  of 
Philadelphia. 

2.  Jacob  (3),  b.  January  7,  1746/7;  baptised  at  Christ  Church,  April 

20,  1747;  m. .  Jacob  Franks  was  living  in  England  in 

1781,  d.  . 

3.  John  (3),  b.  .  d. .  Styled  of  Ilesworth,  Middlesex, 

England,  Member  of  Parliament,  f 

4.  Mary  (3),  b.  January  25,  1748;  baptised  at  Christ  Church,  April  10, 

1748;  d.  August  26,  1774.  On  her  tombstone  in  Christ  Church 
yard  she  is  called  "Polly." 

5.  Moses  (3),  b. .  d.  -         —  . 

6.  Rebecca  (3),  b.  1760?;  m.  January  24,  1782,  Henry  Johnson,  Colonel 

of  the  17th  regiment  of  Foot,  who  commanded  Stony  Point, 
when  it  was  captured  by  Anthony  Wayne  and  whose  Orderly  Book, 
which  fell  into  the  hands  of  Wayne  on  that  occasion,  is  in  the  col- 
lection of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.  Colonel  Johnson 
became  a  General  in  1809  and  was  created  a  Baronet  in  December 
1818,  when  his  wife  became  Lady  Johnson.  She  died  March — , 
1823.  Her  son  Henry  Allen  Johnson  in.  Charlotte  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Frederick  Phillipse  of  New  York,  and  their  grandson  is 
the  present  Colonel  Sir  Henry  Allen  William  Johnson,  b.  1855. 

2.  Phila  Franks  (2),  b.  June  19,  1722;  m.  -        -  .  -       -  .  1742  Oliver 
Delancey  of  New  York;  d.   1811.      They  had  6  children,   Susanna, 
Charlotte,  Phila,  Anna,  Oliver  and  Stephen.     Phila  Franks  is  always 
stated  incorrectly  to  have  been  a  sister  of  Rebecca  Franks,  instead  of 
her  aunt. 

1.  Susanna  (3)  m.  Lt.  Gen.  Sir  William  Draper 

2.  Charlotte  (3)  in.  Field  Marshal  Sir  David  Dundas 

3.  Phila  (3)  m.  Stephen  Payne  Galwey 

4.  Anna  (3)  m.  John  Harris  Cruger 

5.  Oliver  (3) 


*The  "copy"  of  Burials  in  Christ  Church  in  the  Historical  Society 
of  Pennsylvania,  calls  her  "Rebecca,"  but  her  tombstone  gives  her  name 
correctly. 

f  N.  B.  Jacob  Franks  probably  changed  his  name  to  John,  after  he 
settled  in  England,  as  he  is  styled,  the  same  as  John,  "of  Ilesworth,  Mid- 
dlesex, England,"  in  which  case  2  and  3  are  the  same. 


Notes  and  Queries.  255 

6.  Stephen  (3)  m.  -  His  son  was  General  Sir  William  Howe 

De  Lancey  who  fell  at  Waterloo,  where  he  was  on  Wellington's  staff. 

3.  Moses  Franks  (2),  b.  m.  Sarah  —       -.  d.  . 

Had  issue  Isaac  (3)  b.  May  27,  1759;  m.  July  9,  1782  Mary  Davidson 
and  d.  March  4,  1822.     They  had  issue  4  children,  2  of  whom  died 
young  and 

1.  Samuel  D.  (4),  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  the  coun- 
ties of  Schuylkill,  Lebanon  and  Dauphin,  Penna. 

2.  Sarah  Eliza  (4)  m.  September  9,  1806,  John  Huffnagle. 

N.  B.  David  Solebury  Franks,  who  was  aide  de  camp  to  Benedict 
Arnold,  is  believed  to  have  been  also  a  son  of  Moses  Franks  (2),  "Major 
David  Franks,"  doubtless  the  same,  was  buried  in  St.  Peter's  Church  yard 
October  7,  1793,  and  letters  of  Administration  on  the  estate  of  David 
Solebury  Franks  were  granted  January  13,  1794,  to  Moses  Franks.  This 
last  item  would  indicate  his  having  been  a  son  of  Moses  (2). 

4.  "Aunt  Franks"  is  mentioned  in  the  letter  from  Rebecca  Franks  to 
her  sister  Abby  Hamilton,  PA.  MAG.  OF  HIST.  AND  BIOG.  ,  Vol.  22,  and 
must  have  been  either  her  father's  sister  or  the  wife  of  her  uncle  Moses. 

CHARLES  HENRY  HART. 

Queries, 

RUSSELL. — John  Russell  came  from  England,  with  his  daughter 
Elizabeth,  about  3-23-1688.  Three  hundred  acres  of  land  in  Chelten- 
ham Township,  Philadelphia  County  (now  Montgomery),  were  surveyed 
for  him  6-30-1683,  and  the  grant  from  William  Penn  is  dated 
6-16-1684.  His  only  child,  Elizabeth,  married  Joseph  Mather,  the 
first  of  the  name  in  Pennsylvania,  and  inherited  all  of  her  father's 
estate,  which  she  also  administered.  I  should  like  to  know  the  parent- 
age of  John  Russell,  from  whence  he  came,  the  name  of  the  ship  and 
the  exact  date  of  its  arrival.  Elizabeth  (Russell)  Mather  became  a 
prominent  minister  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  also  administered  to 
her  husband's  estate. 

HORACE  MATHER  LIPPINCOTT. 

HOBSON. — Wanted,  the  full  date  and  place  of  death,  and  any  addi- 
tional biographical  matter  of  Samuel  Isaac  Hobson,  who  graduated  in 
medicine  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1829,  and  from  the 
Harvard  Divinity  School  in  1839.  He  is  said  to  have  died  in  Philadel- 
phia, in  October  1822,  but  this  cannot  be  verified. 

E.  J. 

Boofe  fllotices. 

LA  QUESTION  DES  PECHERIES  DE  L'ATLANTIQUE  :  UN  DIFFERENT 
ENTRE  LES  ETATS-UNIS  ET  L' EMPIRE  BRITANNIQUE.  By  Thomas 
Willing  Balch.  Brussels,  1909,  the  Revue  de  Droit  International ; 
Paris,  A.  Pedone,  in  8°,  pages  50. 

This  monograph  deals  with  the  northeastern  fisheries  question,  which 
has  been  a  bone  of  contention  between  the  United  States  and  Great 
Britain  ever  since  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  war.  The  question 
will  shortly  be  submitted  to  the  Hague  International  Court  for  decision. 
In  this  treatise  the  decisions  of  Courts  of  Law,  opinions  of  juriscon- 
sults learned  in  International  Law,  and  many  historic  facts  are  mar- 


256  Notes  and  Queries. 

shalled  in  support  of  the  rights  of  the  United  States.  On  the  merits  of 
the  case  the  argument  in  favor  of  the  rights  of  the  United  States  seems 
to  be  conclusive. 

HISTORICAL  ESSAYS.  By  James  Ford  Rhodes,  LL.D.,  Litt.D.  New 
York,  1909.  8vo.  pp.  335.  The  MacmillanCo.  Price,  $2.25  net. 

This  new  book  of  Dr.  Rhodes  contains  lectures  on  the  writing 
of  history;  the  profession  of  historian  ;  newspapers  as  historical 
sources  ;  ten  biographical  sketches ;  the  Presidential  office ;  a  review  of 
President  Hayes's  administration ;  who  burned  Columbia,  South  Carolina; 
and  several  addresses,  delivered  before  a  number  of  Universities  and 
Historical  Societies.  They  all  bear  evidence  of  painstaking  and  labor- 
ious research  and  the  impress  of  a  cultivated  and  thoroughly  equipped 
mind.  He  has  his  convictions,  which  are  strong,  but  the  fair  minded 
way  in  which  he  handles  his  subjects  commands  our  admiration. 

SOME  RECORDS  OF  SUSSEX  COUNTY,  DELAWARE.  By  C.  H.  B.  Turner. 
Philadelphia,  1909.  8vo.  pp.  387.  Illustrated. 

Prior  to  the  settlement  of  the  dispute  between  Penn  and  Lord  Baltimore, 
the  County  of  Sussex  was  only  30  miles  long  and  12  miles  wide,  and  it  is 
within  these  limits  that  the  researches  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Turner  have  been 
confined.  He  has  collected  a  large  number  of  records,  now  for  the  first 
time  published,  and  the  material  will  prove  of  service  to  both  the  his- 
torian and  genealogist.  As  indicating  the  scope  of  the  work,  mention 
may  be  made  of  the  following :  Ecclesiastical  records  of  St.  Peter's 
P.  E.  Church,  1689  ;  Vestry  Book  records,  1790-1852  ;  inscriptions  on 
tombstones  in  the  church-yard  ;  Court  records,  1681-1710  ;  Wills,  Ad- 
ministrations and  Marriages,  1683-1695  ;  inscriptions  on  tombstones  in 
the  ancient  cemetery  at  Pilot  town  ;  and  there  are  chapters  on  a  "Lost 
Settlement  in  Delaware,"  "The  destruction  of  the  Plockhoy  colony  by 
Gov.  Carr  of  New  York,"  and  the  "Bombardment  of  Lewes  by  the 
British,  April  6-7,  1813. " 

THE  BUTLER  FAMILY  IN  AMERICA.  Compiled  by  William  D. 
Butler,  John  C.  Butler,  Joseph  M.  Butler.  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1909.  8vo. 
pp.  296.  Illustrated. 

In  the  history  of  our  country,  there  are  few  families  who  from  Co- 
lonial times ;  through  the  Revolution  ;  the  War  of  1812-15  ;  the  Mexican 
War  ;  the  great  Civil  conflict,  down  to  the  present  time,  have  a  better 
record  as  soldiers,  statesmen  and  good  American  citizens,  than  the 
Butlers  of  Pennsylvania.  History,  too,  shows  how  well  they  merited 
the  old  saying,  ' '  The  blood  of  the  Butlers  is  hot  and  bold,  but  is  always 
true  to  the  truth." 

Their  first  American  ancestor,  Thomas  Butler,  with  his  three  sons, 
natives  of  County  Wicklow,  Ireland,  came  to  Pennsylvania  in  1748, 
and  settled  at  Lancaster,  and  a  few  years  later  wero  joined  by  other  mem- 
bers of  the  family,  some  of  whom  settled  at  Carlisle.  The  family  is 
one  of  the  oldest  in  the  peerage  of  Ireland. 

The  compilers  have  collected  the  historical  and  genealogical  data 
with  the  greatest  care,  and  the  facts  recorded  are  well  substantiated. 
We  hope  the  work  may  have  a  wide  circulation,  and  a  copy  be  found  in 
every  library  in  Pennsylvania. 


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THE 


PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE 


OF 


HISTORY  AND   BIOGRAPHY. 


VOL.  XXXIV. 


1910. 


No.  3 


THE  FORMAL  OPENING  OF  THE  NEW  FIREPROOF 
BUILDING  OF  THE  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF 
PENNSYLVANIA,  APRIL  6-7,  1910. 

THE  formal  opening  of  the  new  fireproof  building  of 
the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  located  at  the 
southwest  corner  of  Thirteenth  and  Locust  Streets,  took 
place  on  the  afternoon  of  April  6,  1910,  in  the  presence 
of  a  distinguished  assemblage .  of  historians,  scholars, 
members,  and  their  guests,  and  was  in  charge  of  the  follow- 


ing Committee : 


Thomas  Willing  Balch, 
Richard  M.  Cadwalader, 
Hampton  L.  Carson, 
John  Cadwalader, 
John  H.  Converse, 
William  Drayton, 
O'Hara  Darlington, 
George  H.  Earle, 
W.  Macpherson  Hornor, 
Charles  E.  Ingersoll, 
John  W.  Jordan, 
Gregory  B.  Keen, 
William  H.  Lambert, 

Francis 

VOL.  XXXIV. — 17 


John  F.  Lewis, 
Thomas  L.  Montgomery, 
George  W.  Norris, 
John  P.  Nicholson, 
S.  W.  Pennypacker, 
William  Pepper, 
William  Potter, 
W.  Brooke  Rawle, 
John  Thompson  Spencer, 
Charles  Morton  Smith, 
George  Steinman, 
Charlemagne  Tower, 
Alexander  VanRenssaelaer, 
Howard  Williams. 

(257) 


258    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

Prior  to  the  ceremonies,  the  visitors  spent  their  time 
going  through  the  spacious  building,  examining  the  rare 
books,  collections  of  paintings  and  relics,  in  Stille  Hall, 
Hall  of  Governors,  Gilpin  Library,  and  the  priceless  collec- 
tions in  the  Manuscript  Department,  the  Assembly  Hall, 
and  rooms  of  the  officers  of  the  Society.  The  floral  display 
was  very  attractive. 

At  4  o'clock  the  large  and  distinguished  audience  gath- 
ered in  Assembly  and  Stille  Halls,  between  which  a  platform 
had  been  erected,  where  were  seated  officers  of  the  Society 
and  members  of  the  Building  Committee.  The  President, 
Hon.  Samuel  Whitaker  Pennypacker,  LL.D.,  opened  the 
ceremonies  by  introducing  John  Frederic  Lewis,  Esq., 
chairman  of  the  Building  Committee,  who  was  greeted  with 
applause,  as  he  arose  to  speak. 

After  rendering  formal  thanks  to  the  architect,  Addison 
Hutton,  and  the  builders,  J.  E.  and  A.  L.  Pennock,  through 
whose  sympathetic  co-operation  it  had  been  possible  to 
make  the  new  building  an  example  of  greater  economy  per 
square  feet  than  any  other  in  Philadelphia,  and  describing 
the  unique  system  of  fireproof  construction,  Mr.  Lewis 
continued : 

The  building  which  has  been  erected  for  the  Society  is 
admirably  fitted  for  the  purpose  intended.  Its  chief  aim 
was  to  serve  as  a  fireproof  storage  for  the  Society's  invalu- 
able collections,  and  this  aim  has  been  constantly  kept  in 
view  in  every  detail  of  its  design  and  construction.  Its 
walls  are  of  brick,  a  material  already  burned,  and  are  of 
great  thickness,  with  ventilating  air  shafts  to  the  roof.  No 
wood  whatsoever  has  been  used  in  the  construction  of  the 
building.  The  interior  of  the  building  has  been  divided 
into  units,  so  to  speak,  of  fire  risk;  each  portion  being 
separated  from  the  next  to  it  by  a  fireproof  door  hung 
on  an  inclined  railway  track,  counter-weighted  in  such  a 
manner  that  at  a  dangerous  elevation  of  temperature,  a 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    259 

fusible  plug  melts,  the  weights  fall  off  and  the  door  auto- 
matically closes.  The  window  frames  are  of  iron,  and 
even  the  sash  also,  and  instead  of  plain  glass  being  used, 
half-inch  wired  glass  has  been  employed  throughout  the 
building. 

The  stairway  for  the  entire  western  portion  of  the  build- 
ing is  carried  in  a  separate  stair  well,  well  fitted  with  an 
Underwriter's  door  upon  every  floor,  and  all  the  windows 
on  the  south  of  the  building  are  not  only  supplied  with 
iron  sash  and  frames  and  wired  glass,  but  also  with  rolling 
steel  shutters  which  make  the  building  safe  from  flames  in 
this  direction. 

Bookcases  of  steel  have  been  supplied  throughout  the 
building  with  the  exception  of  two  or  three  rooms,  which 
it  is  the  intention  of  the  Committee  to  supply,  and  the 
large  tables  used  by  the  public  for  consulting  the  Society's 
collections  are  of  mahoganized  steel,  so  that  in  every  possi- 
ble way  the  building  has  been  made  as  absolutely  fireproof 
as  modern  ingenuity  and  skill  can  devise. 

The  public  does  not  realize  the  immense  value  of  the 
collections  of  the  Society.  Perhaps  in  no  single  place  is 
there  anywhere  brought  together  such  wonderful  records  of 
the  sources  of  American  history,  and  the  Council  of  the 
Society  recognized  the  fact  that  the  care  of  these  records 
forever  was  its  primary  duty  and  has  kept  this  steadfastly 
in  mind. 

At  the  conclusion  of  his  description,  Mr.  Lewis  turned  to 
President  Penny  packer  and  handed  to  him  the  master  keys 
of  the  building  and  said : 

And  now,  sir,  it  gives  me,  on  behalf  of  the  Building 
Committee,  the  greatest  pleasure  to  turn  this  handsome 
structure  over  to  you  as  President  of  the  Society. 
(Applause.) 


260    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

Address  of  the  Hon.  Samuel    W.  Pennypacker,  LL.D. 

LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN  : 

The  purpose  of  this  address,  in  accepting  the  Hall  which 
in  your  behalf  with  gratitude  I  now  do,  is  to  ascertain  and 
narrate  the  origin,  development  and,  to  some  extent,  the 
existing  condition  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 
The  tale  to  be  told  is  simple,  and  gives  little  opportunity  for 
embellishment  in  its  structure,  or  oratory  in  its  expression. 
At  the  outset,  if  there  be  any  here  on  the  lookout  for  the 
turn  of  phrases,  or  who  anticipate  the  beautiful  and  the 
ornate,  permit  me  to  say  to  them  in  the  language  of  Lord 
Berners,  who  in  the  early  sixteenth  century  translated  the 
Chronicles  of  Sir  John  Froissart,  "  I  know  myself  insuffi- 
cient in  the  facondyous  arte  of  rethoryke."  Further,  I  ask 
them,  following  still  the  thought  of  this  early  delver  in  his- 
torical lore,  "  yf  any  faute  be  to  laye  it  to  myn  unconnynge 
and  derke  inguoraunce  and  to  mynysshe,  adde,  or  augment 
as  they  shall  fynde  cause  requysyte."  To  quote  another 
authority  perhaps  equally  venerable  and  reliable,  if  less 
polite,  in  the  words  of  the  nursery  rhyme  with  which  you 
are  all  familiar : 

"  If  you  want  any  more 
You  may  sing  it  yourself." 

The  beginnings  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania, 
like  those  of  most  human  institutions  and  of  all  natural 
growths,  were  humble  and  more  or  less  obscure.  It 
pleases  the  fancies  of  men  in  explaining  their  own  origin 
to  imagine  that  they  came  with  the  dawn  from  beyond 
the  clouds,  that  their  forefathers  lived  in  castles  across 
the  blue  seas  and  that  the  founders  of  the  fortunes  of 
their  families  went  about  in  dress  suits  and  wearing  kid 
gloves.  The  Peruvians  believe  that  their  first  Inca, 
Mango  Capac,  came  direct  from  the  sun;  the  Romans 
trace  their  origin  to  pious  ^Eneas  of  the  royal  house  ol 


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Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    261 

Troy ;  and  the  Greeks  told  us  that  Pallas  sprang  full-grown, 
armed  and  wise,  from  the  brain  of  Zeus. 

Nothing  ever  happens  in  that  way.  The  oak  tree  and  the 
elephant  with  all  of  their  strength  and  the  lily  and  the  bird-of- 
Paradise  with  all  of  their  beauty,  come  alike  by  slow  proc- 
esses from  the  common  brown  earth  which  we  wash  from 
our  hands  and  brush  from  our  coats  with  a  semblance  of 
contempt.  The  ancestors  of  the  Capets,  who  gave  to  France 
her  early  line  of  kings,  arid  of  the  Plantagenets,  the 
proudest  of  the  royal  families  of  England,  were  both 
ignorant  peasants  tilling  together  the  same  soil  along  the 
seashore  of  Western  Europe. 

No  doubt  there  were  those  in  every  period  from  the  plant- 
ing of  the  Province  who  had  some  taste  for  the  cultivation 
of  history  and  the  will  to  make  some  effort  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  its  sources.  The  same  authority  I  have  before  cited, 
Lord  Berners,  says,  "  But,  above  all  thynges  wherby  mans 
welthe  ryseth,  speciall  laude  and  praise  ought  to  be  gyven  to 
historic :  it  is  the  keper  of  such  thinges  as  have  ben  vertuously 
done  and  the  wytnesse  of  yvell  dedes  :  and  by  the  benefite 
of  hystorie  all  noble  highe  and  vertuous  actes  be  immortall 
.  .  .  .  it  rnoveth  stereth  and  compelleth  to  honestie  : 
detesteth  erketh  and  abhorreth  vices  :  it  extolleth  enhaunceth 
and  lyfteth  up  suche  as  ben  noble  and  vertuous :  depresseth 
poystereth  aud  thrusteth  downe  such  as  ben  wicked  yvell  and 
reproveable ;"  and  he  continues,  "  whan  I  advertysed  and 
remembered  the  many  folde  comodyties  of  hystorie  howe 
benefyciall  it  is  to  mortall  folke,  and  eke  how  laudable  and 
merytoryous  a  dede  it  is  to  write  hystories,  I  fixed  my  mynde 
to  do  something  therein."  Others  have  been  incited  by  the 
same  ambition  and  have  followed  the  same  path  with  like 
zeal  if  with  less  distinction.  Massachusetts,  which  is  ever 
active  and  alert,  organized  an  Historical  Society  in  1791. 
This  example  was  followed  by  New  York  in  1804,  Maine 
and  Rhode  Island  in  1822,  New  Hampshire  in  1823,  and 
Pennsylvania  in  1824. 

In  1815,  the  American  Philosophical  Society  appointed 


262   Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

a  Committee  upon  Literature  and  History.  It  was  a  large 
committee,  never  revived,  whose  labors  appear  to  have 
ceased  within  the  next  decade.  There  have  been  those  who 
thought  that  the  origin  of  this  Society  could  be  traced  to 
the  effort  of  that  committee ;  but  an  investigation  fails  to 
disclose  evidence  to  support  the  theory.  The  contempora- 
neous records,  the  fact  that  another  meeting  place  was 
selected,  and  certain  early  indications  of  estrangement,  all 
suggest  a  different  view.  Mathew  Carey,  commenting  in 
1826  on  the  first  volume  of  our  "  Memoirs"  says :  "  This 
publication  recalls  to  mind  a  plan  I  formed  when  a  book- 
seller many  years  since,  when  I  contemplated  making  an 
effort  to  establish  an  Historical  Society."  George  Wash- 
ington Smith,  who  later  became  the  Secretary,  after  a 
conversation  with  Dewitt  Clinton,  in  1823,  returned  to 
Philadelphia,  having  in  mind  the  same  thought. 

The  movement,  however,  which  resulted  in  the  formation 
of  the  Society  seems  to  have  had  its  inspiration,  like  so  many 
other  efforts  for  advancement  in  the  early  days  of  the  Prov- 
ince and  State,  among  the  Friends.  The  first  definite  in- 
formation upon  the  subject  is  found  in  a  letter,  9  mo.  28th, 
1824,  by  Roberts  Yaux,  a  noted  Quaker,  devoted  to  philan- 
thropy, education  and  literature,  father  of  a  Mayor  of 
Philadelphia,  written  to  John  F.  Watson,  the  annalist. 
Watson  had  contemplated  giving  his  MS.  collections,  which 
subsequently  became  the  property  of  our  Society,  to  the 
American  Philosophical  Society.  Vaux  advised  him  not 
to  make  that  disposition  of  them,  saying :  "  For  some  time 
past,  I  have  been  endeavoring  to  interest  our  intelligent 
Philadelphia  and  Pennsylvania  fellow  citizens  with  a  plan 
for  an  Historical  Society,  which  can  devote  itself  exclu- 
sively to  this  too  long  neglected  subject.  The  proposal  is 
gaining  friends  and  promises  to  succeed.  It  will  be 
composed  of  men  in  the  vigor  of  life  and  intellect  from 
whom  labour  may  be  expected  and  such  must  be  brought 
to  the  task  if  Pennsylvania  is  ever  elevated  in  this  de- 
partment of  literature.  Is  it  too  late  to  direct  thy  work 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    263 

to  such  a  Society?  It  would  form  a  starting  point,  and 
would  no  doubt  insure  the  foundation  of  such  an  asso- 
ciation, could  I  be  at  liberty  to  say  that  thee  is  disposed  to 
patronize  the  effort  by  contributing*  this  Ms.  Be  pleased 
to  reflect  upon  this  proposal  and  communicate  thy  opinions 
and  views.  I  wish  to  be  understood  as  entertaining  great 
respect  for  the  Philosophical  Society,  but  I  know  it  is  un- 
equal to  the  department  of  History." 

A  meeting  was  held  on  the  2d  of  December,  1824,  at 
the  house  of  Thomas  I.  Wharton,  a  man  of  great  legal  re- 
pute, on  the  west  side  of  Sixth  Street  between  Chestnut 
and  Walnut  Streets.  There  were  present  Roberts  Vaux, 
Stephen  Duncan,  Thomas  I.  Wharton,  William  Rawle,  Jr., 
Dr.  Benjamin  H.  Coates,  Dr.  Caspar  Wistar  and  George 
W.  Smith,  whom  as  founders  you  ought  henceforth  to  re- 
vere. Roberts  Yaux  presided,  and  Smith  acted  as  Secre- 
tary. Two  resolutions  were  adopted.  One  set  forth  "that 
it  is  expedient  to  form  a  society  for  the  purpose  of  elucida- 
ting the  history  of  the  state,"  and  the  other  provided  for 
a  committee  to  draft  by-laws.  .Wharton  offered  both  of 
them.  Then  there  was  an  adjournment  for  two  weeks,  but 
the  first  step  had  been  taken  in  that  long,  devious  and  un- 
certain path  which  led  to  these  vast  collections  and  to  this 
impressive  Hall. 

The  meetings  of  a  Society  of  this  character  could  not  be 
continued  in  a  gentleman's  parlor ;  and  it  became  necessary 
to  secure  a  location.  The  next  meeting,  upon  the  27th  of 
December,  attended  by  fifteen  persons,  was  held  "  at  the 
apartments  of  the  Phrenological  Society  in  Carpenter's 
Court" ;  and  amid  these  unpropitious  and  incongruous  sur- 
roundings your  Society  first  found  a  shelter.  Vaux  con- 
tinued to  preside  until  the  meeting  on  che  28th  of  February, 
1825,  but  a  committee  had  been  appointed  to  wait  upon  the 
eminent  lawyer  William  Rawle,  author  of  a  book  upon  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  accepted  as  a  text-book 
in  the  schools,  and  invite  him  to  lend  the  weight  of  his 
strength  and  influence  in  the  community  by  becoming  the 


264   Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

first  President  under  the  by-laws.  He  assented  upon  cer- 
tain conditions,  with  which  the  Society  complied.  Three 
classes  of  members  were  created :  contributing  members, 
consisting  of  persons  living  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  or 
within  ten  miles  of  it;  corresponding  members,  of  persons 
living  in  any  other  part  of  Pennsylvania;  and  honorary 
members,  of  persons  living  "  in  any  part  of  America  or  else- 
where, and  females  may  be  admitted  into  it."  To  the  first 
and  second  classes  no  person  was  eligible  "  unless  he  be  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania  or  domi ciliated  there  for  the  space 
of  ten  years."  It  will  be  observed  that  the  organization 
provided  for  an  intense  Pennsylvania  Society.  The  other 
condition  was  that  there  should  be  ten  standing  committees, 
whose  work  should  cover  in  detail  the  domain  of  Pennsyl- 
vania history. 

In  the  apartments  in  Carpenter's  Court,  the  Society  re- 
ceived its  earliest  donation,  "a  silver  medal  of  William 
Penn,"  from  Joseph  Sansom,  and  elected  its  first  officers  : 
William  Rawle,  President;  Roberts  Vaux  and  Thomas 
Duncan,  Vice-Presidents;  Joseph  Hopkinson,  Correspond- 
ing Secretary ;  George  W.  Smith,  Recording  Secretary ; 
William  M.  Walmsley,  Treasurer;  and  Thos.  C.  James, 
Joseph  Reed,  Thomas  H,  White,  Thomas  I.  Wharton,  Ste- 
phen Duncan,  Daniel  A.  Smith,  Samuel  Jackson,  William 
Rawle,  Jr.,  and  Benjamin  H.  Coates,  Members  of  the 
Council.  Appropriately  enough,  the  earliest  paper  read 
before  the  Society  was  one  by  Roberts  Vaux  on  "  The 
Locality  of  the  First  Treaty  held  with  the  Indians  in 
Pennsylvania;"  and  then  the  President  on  the  5th  of  No- 
vember, 1825,  delivered  his  inaugural  discourse  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  on  Ninth  Street  above  Chestnut 
Street,  in  the  lecture  room  where  Dr.  Nathaniel  Chapman 
taught  medicine,  at  12  o'clock  noon,  before  a  large  audience 
of  members,  citizens  and  strangers,  "  including  many  ladies." 

Throughout  all  of  the  earlier  years  of  the  existence  of  the 
Society  there  continued  a  ceaseless  effort  to  secure  a  foot- 
hold somewhere.  In  September,  1825,  it  removed  to  the 


THE  PRESIDENTS 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    265 

Southeast  room  upstairs  in  the  hall  of  the  American  Philo- 
sophical Society,  over  the  Athenreum,  where  it  undertook 
to  pay  fifty  dollars  a  year  rent.  The  Council  met  at  seven 
o'clock  in  the  evenings ;  and  their  Secretary,  the  able  Wm. 
B.  Reed,  to  whom  must  be  accorded  the  honor  of  publishing 
our  first  serious  revolutionary  biography,  read  his  minutes 
by  the  light  of  a  candle. 

On  the  17th  of  November,  1829,  a  Committee  of  the 
Council  were  charged  with  the  duty  "  of  enquiring  for  a 
room  suitable  for  the  meetings  of  the  Society."  Their 
modest  hopes  were  limited  to  one  room.  In  1832,  the  Athe- 
naeum propounded  a  scheme  for  the  different  literary  and 
scientific  societies  of  the  city  to  erect  an  edifice  in  common, 
and  this  Society  appointed  a  committee  to  confer  and  en- 
quire "  whether  any  part  of  the  Girard  Fund  can  be  applied 
to  the  purchase  of  a  lot."  We  have  in  this  connection  the 
earliest  suggestion  of  a  fireproof  building.  Nothing  came  of 
the  effort,  and  in  April,  1833,  the  committee  offered  a  resolu- 
tion that  the  future  meetings  be  held  at  the  College  of  Phar- 
macy, on  Zane  [now  Filbert]  Street,  where  a  room  could  be 
secured  for  $25  a  year.  The  resolution  was  promptly  laid 
upon  the  table.  The  Society  did  not  have  the  exclusive  use 
of  the  room  occupied  by  it.  On  July  17,  1833,  a  committee 
was  appointed  to  ascertain  whether  the  space  between  the 
front  windows  could  not  be  obtained  for  a  bookcase.  It  ap- 
pears that  on  December  17, 1834,  a  committee  was  directed 
"to  enquire  for  a  room  for  the  accommodation  of  the  Society ;" 
and  again,  January  19, 1842,  another  committee  to  ascertain 
whether  a  room  could  not  be  secured  for  its  exclusive  use. 
From  the  latter  action  it  is  evident  that  up  to  that  time  the  So- 
ciety still  shared  its  habitation  with  some  other  organization. 

On  the  22d  of  April,  1844,  there  was  rented  for  $100  per 
annum  the  Southeast  room  in  the  second  story  of  the  build- 
ing No.  115  [now  No.  211]  South  Sixth  Street,  below  "Wal- 
nut, belonging  to  the  Pennsylvania  Life  Insurance  Company ; 
and  soon  afterward  a  lamp  was  bought  for  the  head  of  the 
stairs  leading  to  "the  New  Hall."  The  Society  removed  there, 


266    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

but  for  some  reason  the  location  did  not  prove  to  be  satisfac- 
tory. In  1845,  the  Mercantile  Library  Company  was  erecting 
its  building  on  Fifth  Street,  below  Chestnut,  and  an  effort 
was  made  to  secure  a  room  in  its  third  story.  A  more  ambi- 
tious attempt  was  made  the  following  year,  when  a  con- 
ference took  place  with  the  owner  of  the  Norris  house  to 
"  ascertain  if  she  would  consent  to  sell  the  same  if  the 
Society  could  procure  a  purchaser  pledged  to  its  perpetual 
preservation."  Both  of  these  efforts  proved  abortive,  and  the 
Society  settled  down  at  least  to  the  extent  of  supplying  the 
"  hall"  with  candles  and  candlesticks  and  placing  its  name 
over  the  door.  Deliverance  came  at  last.  In  1846,  the  Athe- 
naeum erected  its  building  on  Sixth  Street,  below  Walnut, 
and  consented  to  let  the  Society  have  a  room  twenty-four 
feet  by  twenty-seven  feet  in  dimensions,  for  the  rental  of  $200 
per  annum.  The  Athenaeum  did  more,  and  allayed  another 
pressing  and  chronic  difficulty.  It  loaned  to  the  Society, 
upon  bond  being  given,  one-fourth  of  its  funds  for  four  years 
without  interest.  On  the  22d  of  November,  1847,  the 
Council  met  at  the  new  location  for  the  first  time  and  at 
once  proposed  to  have  the  New  England  Society  share 
their  good  fortune.  The  move  it  is  manifest  was  regarded 
as  important.  William  B.  Reed  made  an  address  at  the  open- 
ing of  the  hall ;  Michael  Kelly  was  engaged  to  take  charge 
of  it  at  a  cost  of  f  20  a  year,  and  an  arrangement  was  made 
at  an  expense  of  not  more  than  $50  that  it  should  be  acces- 
sible every  Saturday  afternoon  throughout  the  entire  year. 

Through  the  whole  of  the  period  described  there  was  an 
ever  present  need  of  money.  In  May  of  1838,  the  rent  due 
for  the  year  before  remained  unpaid  ;  on  February  13, 1840, 
the  funds  on  hand  amounted  to  $57.40  ;  on  August  5, 1844, 
the  Treasurer  was  authorized  to  borrow  one  hundred  dol- 
lars "  to  pay  the  most  urgent  demands  ;"  and  in  February, 
1845,  the  balance  in  the  treasury  had  fallen  to  $2.71.  On 
April  25,  1842,  the  Treasurer  of  the  American  Philosophi- 
cal Society  was  very  urgent  concerning  the  failure  to  pay 
"  a  certain  amount  due  for  rent." 


GO 
O 


H 
GO 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    267 

The  zeal  with  which  many  of  the  members  started  out  in 
the  work  at  times  flagged  even  to  the  extent  of  failing  for 
several  years  to  pay  their  dues.  There  was  no  meeting  of 
the  Society  from  February  3,  1834,  until  February  2,  1835, 
none  between  May  of  1836  and  February  of  1837,  and 
none  in  1843  after  February.  Between  June  of  1831  and 
January  of  1833,  a  period  of  about  eighteen  months,  there 
were  only  two  meetings  of  the  Council.  The  Secretary 
occasionally  neglected  to  sign  his  minutes,  and  even  to  enter 
them.  Distress  is  shown  in  the  fact  that  on  February  5, 
1838,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  <  suggest  a  plan  which 
may  help  to  revive  the  Society;"  on  September  15,  1841,  a 
committee  was  appointed  "  to  take  measures  to  rejuvenate 
the  Society;"  on  November  28, 1842,  one  "  to  devise  means 
for  increasing  the  funds,"  and  one  November  25,  1844, 
"  upon  the  propriety  of  reorganizing  the  Society,  and  if  they 
deem  a  reorganization  advisable  to  report  a  suitable  plan." 
When  Daniel  A.  Desmond  died,  in  1849,  it  was  said  of  him, 
that  he  was  "  one  to  whom  much  of  the  credit  of  aiding  in 
the  resuscitation  of  the  Society  is  justly  due." 

Usually  some  person  of  local  prominence  delivered  an 
annual  address.  The  Society  had  no  place  suitable  for 
the  purpose,  and  was  dependent  upon  the  generosity  of 
other  associations.  At  various  times  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  the  Franklin  Institute,  the  Museum,  and  the 
Circuit  Court  gave  the  use  of  their  halls.  Once  in  a  while 
in  these  days  of  weakness,  the  request  met  with  scant 
courtesy.  In  1825,  in  response  to  an  application  for  certain 
manuscripts  in  the  possession  of  the  American  Philosophical 
Society  or  for  permission  to  copy  them,  that  institution 
sent  a  resolution  "  that  it  is  not  expedient  to  grant  the 
request  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania."  In 
1842,  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  quite  curtly  declined 
to  loan  one  of  its  halls  in  order  that  Job  R.  Tyson  might 
there  deliver  the  annual  address,  and  with  becoming  meek- 
ness the  Society  invited  the  Trustees  to  be  present  in  the 
lecture  room  of  the  Museum  Building. 


268    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

And  now,  having  endeavored  to  depict  the  difficulties 
and  tribulations  that  beset  the  nascent  undertaking,  let 

o  / 

us  turn  to  the  brighter  side  of  the  picture.  Among 
those  connected  with  the  Society  in  its  beginnings  were 
men  of  the  type  of  Peter  S.  Du  Ponceau,  Joshua  Francis 
Fisher,  Job  R.  Tyson,  "William  B.  Reed,  and  Roberts  Vaux, 
who  were  earnestly  concerned  for  the  preservation  and 
elucidation  of  the  history  of  the  State ;  and  by  activity  and 
zeal  the  Society  to  a  great  extent  overcame  the  disadvantages 
arising  from  lack  of  financial  and  numerical  strength.  The 
organization  had  hardly  taken  place  before  the  committee 
entered  into  communication  with  the  representatives  of  the 
older  families  of  the  city  and  State  with  a  view  to  securing 
and  preserving  such  papers  as  lapse  of  time  had  spared.  It 
is  to  this  policy,  thus  early  established  and  actively  pur- 
sued, that  we  owe  our  exceptional  wealth  of  manuscripts. 
Already,  in  1825,  arrangements  had  been  made  with  Deborah 
Logan,  that  wonderful  woman  who  may  be  described  as  the 
precursor  of  this  Society,  for  the  publication  of  the  results 
of  her  labors  in  the  collection  of  the  Penn  and  Logan  corre- 
spondence. It  is  to  be  regretted  that  we  have  only  fulfilled 
our  duties  in  this  respect  to  the  extent  of  two  volumes. 
However,  when  she  died,  in  1839,  her  praises  were  set  forth 
as  "  a  lady  whose  pure  virtues,  mental  endowments  and 
attractive  gentleness  of  manners,  rendered  her  the  ornament 
of  this  Society  and  the  pride  of  her  numerous  friends." 

In  1827,  the  family  of  Governor  James  Hamilton  pre- 
sented a  hundred  original  letters  of  Thomas  Penn.  In 
1833,  Du  Ponceau  translated  from  the  Swedish  language  for 
the  Society  the  work  of  Thomas  Campanius  Holme.  In 
1838,  Hiester  H.  Muhlenberg,  of  Reading,  sent  the  letters  of 
Conrad  Weiser,  the  man  upon  whom  the  American  Colonies 
depended  in  their  negotiations  with  the  Indians,  and  to 
whom  in  a  recent  biography  has  been  assigned  an  absurd 
portrait  of  a  person  in  a  high  hat  and  wearing  a  huge 
diamond  stud.  When  the  Society  was  five  years  old,  its 
collections  had  grown  to  such  an  extent  that  Fisher  and 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    269 

Samuel  Hazard  were  appointed  a  committee  to  consider  the 
means  of  procuring  a  bookcase  "  for  the  reception  of  the 
books  and  papers."  In  1830,  Watson,  the  annalist,  pre- 
sented his  MS.  volume,  calling  attention  to  the  fact  that  in 
publication,  in  order  to  keep  down  the  size,  much  relating 
to  the  Revolutionary  War  and  to  his  own  family,  and  the 
observations  of  a  Quaker  lady,  had  been  omitted. 

Happily,  pleasant  relations  with  the  Penn  family  were 
early  established.  When  the  first  volume  of  the  Memoirs 
was  published  it  was  ordered  that  a  copy  be  "  elegantly 
bound  for  transmission  to  G.  Penn ;"  and  almost  contem- 
poraneously, Granville  Penn  sent  to  the  Society  "  an 
original  portrait  of  William  Penn,  his  grandfather."  This 
is  the  youthful  portrait  in  armor.  The  presentation  was 
made  in  1833 ;  and  it  is  to  be  observed,  that  the  portrait  was 
then  described  as  the  original.  The  Society  did  not  know 
what  to  do  with  it,  and  left  it  in  the  custody  of  John 
Vaughan,  unless  sent  for  by  the  President,  who  was  author- 
ized if  he  deem  proper  to  place  it  in  the  then  coming  exhi- 
bition of  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts.  He  sent  it  instead  to 
the  Philadelphia  Library,  where  it  remained  for  over  a  year ; 
and  it  was  then  removed  to  the  hall  of  the  American  Philo- 
sophical Society.  The  generosity  of  Granville  Penn  did  not 
rest  with  the  presentation  of  the  portrait.  In  1834,  he  sent 
a  view  painted  on  wood  of  the  meeting-house  at  Jordans,  a 
small  portrait  of  Governor  Patrick  Gordon,  the  portraits  ot 
two  Indian  chiefs  (Tishishan  and  Lapowinsa),  and  a  gold 
ring  containing  a  lock  of  the  hair  of  William  Penn. 
Two  years  later,  the  Council  directed  that  this  ring  "be 
hereafter  worn  by  the  President  at  the  meetings  of  the 
Council  and  Society."  For  the  first  time  within  my  recol- 
lection, this  direction  is  to-day  observed. 

On  the  23d  of  September,  1840,  an  event  occurred  which 
then  had  the  appearance  of  being  nothing  more  than  an 
ordinary  incident,  but  upon  which  it  may  be  truly  said  the 
future  welfare  of  the  Society  depended.  I  read  from  the 
minutes  :  "  John  Jordan,  Jr.,  proposed  by  Mr.  Vaughan,  and 


270    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

Joseph  K.  Chandler,  nominated  hy  Mr.  Tyson,  were  both 
elected  contributing  members."  As  so  often  happens  in  human 
affairs,  Mr.  Vaughan  was  probably  wholly  unconscious  of 
what  was  involved  in  the  action  taken  on  his  recommenda- 
tion. Occasionally  differences  of  opinion  as  to  policy  arose, 
as  is  inevitable.  In  1841,  a  fine  of  twenty-five  cents  was  im- 
posed "  on  every  member  absent  from  the  meetings  of 
Council  without  a  satisfactory  excuse."  At  a  later  meeting, 
a  motion  to  rescind  this  action  failed,  whereupon  Samuel 
Breck  resigned.  In  1842,  it  was  determined  to  give  a 
course  of  public  lectures,  and  after  invitation  John  Quincy 
Adams  consented  to  make  one  of  the  addresses.  The  scheme 
proved  to  be  too  ponderous  for  the  strength  of  the  Society 
and  succumbed.  However,  a  few  months  later  Louis 
Philippe,  King  of  France,  sent  to  it  a  somewhat  elaborate 
description  of  the  galleries  at  Versailles.  Here  was  recog- 
nition which  deserved  grateful  attention,  and  a  matter  of 
such  importance  required  all  the  art  and  exuberance  ot 
expression  that  could  be  given.  One  of  the  series  of  resolu- 
tions adopted  declared  "  that  the  Society  has  observed  with 
great  satisfaction  that  among  the  monuments  of  the  reign 
of  that  monarch  who  first  acknowledged  the  independence 
of  the  United  States,  and  whose  friendship  and  zeal  for  the 
cause  of  our  country  did  not  cease  to  be  displayed  by  his 
friendly  assistance  until  our  rights  were  fully  secured  by  an 
honorable  peace,  there  are  no  less  than  five  paintings  illus- 
trative of  the  Siege  and  Capture  of  Yorktown,  an  event 
which  was  achieved  by  the  united  arms  of  the  two  countries, 
and  the  memory  of  which  is  so  well  fitted  to  strengthen 
and  perpetuate  the  friendship  existing  between  them." 
(With  your  permission  I  shall  for  a  moment  pause.)  Those 
of  you  who  chance  to  have  been  at  Versailles  will  recall 
how  insignificant  a  place  the  Continental  Army  has  in  the 
paintings  which  there  preserve  the  memory  of  the  surrender 
of  Lord  Cornwallis  to  the  French  fleet  at  Yorktown. 

In  1844,  the   Society   sent  a  signed   circular   letter   to 
postmasters  and  persons  of  local  reputation  throughout  the 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    271 

State,  asking  their  assistance  in  gathering  historical  infor- 
mation. Few  responses  resulted.  The  first  came  from  the 
father  of  the  present  President  of  the  Society,  who  sent  a 
MS.  history  in  two  volumes  and  gave  permission  that  they 
should  be  copied.  The  plant  had  produced  fruit,  and  the 
outcome  received  the  most  respectful  treatment.  At  an 
annual  meeting  "  Mr.  Duane  laid  upon  the  table  a  copy  of 
Mr.  Pennypacker's  MS.  History  of  Schuylkill  Township, 
Chester  County,  prepared  "  (copied)  "  by  the  joint  labors  of 
several  members  of  the  Society." 

The  publication  of  Hazard's  Register  of  Pennsylvania 
with  its  wealth  of  historical  and  statistical  information,  of 
the  Colonial  Records  and  Archives  wherein  are  preserved 
many  papers  relating  to  the  history  of  the  State  which  have 
since  been  lost,  and  of  Watson's  Annals  of  Philadelphia, 
and  the  passage  of  the  act  of  Assembly  requiring  the  regis- 
tration of  marriages,  births  and  deaths,  were  all  due  in  large 
part  to  efforts  of  and  encouragement  given  by  this  Society 
in  its  early  years. 

With  the  removal  to  the  room  in  the  Athenseum  build- 
ing, when  it  may  be  said  to  have  ceased  to  be  a  wanderer, 
came  the  dawn  of  future  prosperity.  Even  here  the  Wander- 
lust did  not  altogether  disappear ;  and  four  years  later  an 
effort  was  made  to  secure  the  "  old  slate  roof  house,"  on 
Second  Street,  for  its  use.  Happily  the  effort  did  not  succeed, 
since  to  have  moved  in  that  direction  would  have  been  to 
have  stunted  growth.  An  additional  room,  secured  in  1860, 
relieved  to  some  extent  the  pressure,  and  gave  temporary 
content.  At  this  time  subscriptions  to  a  building  fund 
amounted  to  $5,000.  The  members  made  pilgrimages  to 
the  site  of  Fort  Nassau,  "built  by  the  Dutch  in  1623,"  to 
Tinicum  and  to  Chester.  Courses  of  popular  lectures  were 
devised.  Among  those  who  delivered  these  lectures  was 
Robert  Montgomery  Bird,  who  in  "  Nick  of  the  Woods ' 
had  produced  what  yet  remains  the  most  meritorious  and 
artistic  of  all  tales  of  the  Indian  Wars;  and  among  those 
invited  was  James  Buchanan.  Because  of  his  success  in 


272    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

writing  the  "  Proverbial  Philosophy,"  as  I  suppose,  Martin 
Farquhar  Tupper  was  elected  to  membership.  The  custom 
arose  of  electing  conspicuous  persons  to  membership  and 
trusting  to  fortune  for  their  acceptance.  When  a  rash 
member  of  the  Council  proposed  that  thereafter  none  should 
be  elected  except  persons  whose  assent  had  been  first  ob- 
tained, he  was  treated,  like  the  suffragettes  of  to-day,  with 
proper  scorn. 

George  Sharswood,  afterward  Chief  Justice  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, often  presided  at  the  meetings.  James  K.  Polk 
and  Francis  R.  Shunk,  the  one  President  of  the  United 
States  and  the  other  Governor  of  the  Commonwealth,  were 
elected  to  membership  upon  the  same  day  in  1845;  and  in 
1861,  amid  the  excitement  of  the  opening  scenes  of  the 
war,  the  names  of  Gen.  Winfield  Scott,  Admiral  Charles 
Stewart  and  Commodore  George  C.  Read  appear. 

The  librarian,  at  a  meeting  in  1851,  reported  that  five 
hundred  copies  of  the  Memoirs  "  had  been  discovered  in 
clearing  out  the  store  of  the  late  Thomas  Davis."  The 
volumes,  abandoned  to  their  fate  and  forgotten  as  time 
rolled  along,  had  been  revealed  by  the  researches  of  the 
representatives  of  the  dead  publisher. 

On  the  12th  of  January,  1852,  Granville  John  Penn 
made  a  visit  to  the  rooms  of  the  Society  and  wrote  his 
autograph  in  its  book  of  minutes.  Introduced  by  a  com- 
mittee appointed  to  wait  upon  him,  the  President  delivered 
an  address  to  which  he  responded  and  "  returned  his 
thanks."  Soon  after  his  return  to  England,  he  presented 
the  belt  of  wampum  representing  the  famous  treaty  of  peace 
between  William  Penn  and  the  Indians,  never  signed  and 
never  broken,  which  belt,  presented  to  Penn  by  the  Indians, 
remains  one  of  our  most  cherished  possessions.  About  this 
time  the  members  gave  much  attention  -to  the  subject  of 
the  treaty,  and  even  endeavored  to  secure  by  purchase  the 
ground  in  Kensington  where  it  is  believed  to  have  occurred. 
The  wampum  came  to  them  though  they  failed  to  get  the 
ground. 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    273 

In  1852,  a  committee  waited  upon  Mr.  John  Bacon  to  per- 
suade him  to  donate  "  the  site  on  which  Franklin  made  his 
experiments  in  electricity  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  mon- 
ument to  his  memory  on  the  spot."  It  would  appear  that 
Mr.  John  Bacon  proved  obdurate. 

On  the  9th  of  June,  1851,  Horatio  Gates  Jones,  always 
active  in  the  affairs  of  the  Society  and  one  of  its  benefactors, 
remembered  for  his  studies  of  the  Wissahickon  and  the  B,it- 
tenhouse  paper  mill,  offered  a  resolution  "  that  the  Society 
hereafter  celebrate  the  24th  day  of  October  as  the  landing  of 
the  great  and  good  founder  of  our  State  upon  our  shores." 
Fisher,  Eawle,  Sharswood,  Meredith,  Jordan,  Duane,  Arm- 
strong, Jones  and  Shippen  were  selected  to  take  charge  of  the 
movement.  Trouble  arose  about  the  date,  which  was  finally 
determined  to  be  the  8th  of  November,  and  an  annual  dinner 
resulted,  continued  with  some  interruptions  and  vicissitudes 
down  to  the  present  time.  On  the  anniversary  in  1852, 
Joseph  Harrison  informed  the  members  that  he  had  pur- 
chased the  painting  of  the  "  Treaty"  by  Benjamin  West,  that 
marvelously  successful  Pennsylvania  artist  whom  we  to-day 
with  weak  affectation  permit  modern  critics  and  faddists  to 
depreciate.  He  displayed  likewise  "an  original  miniature 
of  William  Penn."  What  has  become  of  that  miniature? 

Edward  Armstrong  anticipated  our  present  Genealogical 
Society  when,  in  1849,  he  announced  his  purpose  to  publish 
the  genealogies  of  the  families  settled  in  Pennsylvania 
before  1800. 

In  days  when  young  ladies  were  still  upon  occasion  read- 
ing the  tales  of  Mrs.  Radcliffe,  we,  too,  had  our  mysterious 
occurrences.  On  December  13,  1852,  "  A  Sealed  Packet, 
containing  a  printed  narrative  of  an  event  of  importance  in 
the  history  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  of  the  Diocese 
of  Pennsylvania  from  Bishop  Upfold,  with  the  request  that, 
should  the  Society  consent  to  accept  the  parcel,  it  would 
be  with  the  understanding  that  the  same  was  not  to  be 
opened  for  the  period  of  twenty-five  years."  The  parcel 
contained  three  copies  of  a  printed  but  unpublished  pamph- 
VOL.  xxxiv. — 18 


274   Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

let.  That  this  pamphlet  mentioned  the  name  of  somebody 
can  only  be  inferred.  The  parcel  was  received,  but  never 
opened.  The  Alexandrine  library  was  burned ;  the  Sibyl- 
line books  were  destroyed ;  and  a  lead  pencil  memorandum 
shows  that  this  parcel  was  "  reclaimed." 

In  1855,  the  Society  received  what  appears  to  have  been 
its  first  large  bequest,  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars  from 
Elliott  Cresson.  In  the  beginning  of  1854,  it  possessed  two 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  twenty-one  bound  volumes, 
fourteen  hundred  and  ninety-four  unbound  pamphlets,  and 
in  the  fireproof  were  treasured  one  hundred  bound  volumes 
of  manuscripts.  The  annual  receipts  were  : 

From  life  members  , $140 

From  contributing  members 1011 

From  Interest  on  the  Permanent  Fund    ....         42 

$1193 

On  the  13th  of  February  of  that  year,  under  the  inspira- 
tion of  Townsend  Ward,  began  the  contributions  to  the 
Publication  Fund.  In  April  it  contained  $1,000  from  fifty 
subscribers;  in  May  f2,500;  in  June  $3,000,  and  by  March 
of  1856  it  had  reached  a  total  of  $10,000.  Much  encour- 
aged, the  indefatigable  and  persuasive  Ward,  in  1855,  began 
to  accumulate  a  Building  Fund. 

For  the  fourth  of  April,  1856,  the  Society  secured  the 
Musical  Fund  Hall,  the  most  spacious  and  imposing  then 
in  the  city,  and  prevailed  upon  Edward  Everett,  the  bland 
phrase  maker  of  the  time,  to  deliver  his  oration  upon  Wash- 
ington. Every  seat  in  the  house  was  filled.  The  net  pro- 
ceeds, $786.57,  were  applied  to  the  purchase  of  Mount  Ver- 
non.  Do  not  permit  the  important  part  which  you  took  in 
that  work  of  national  historical  significance  to  be  forgotten. 

Prosperity  is  never  an  unmixed  advantage.  Wealth  is 
apt  to  result  in  sybaritic  indulgence.  Successful  effort  is 
followed  by  a  period  of  lassitude.  The  pampered  stomach 
craves  after  haschisch  and  the  lotos.  The  scheme  of  the 
founders  was  as  broad  as  the  Commonwealth,  and  they 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    275 

intended  to  weave  into  a  beautiful  and  harmonious  piece  of 
tapestry  all  of  the  rich  and  varied  strands  which  enter  into 
its  unique  development,  giving  it  both  strength  and  attrac- 
tiveness. One  of  the  earliest  papers  read  before  the  Society 
gave  a  description,  by  Shem  Zook,  of  those  interesting 
people  the  Amish  of  Lancaster  and  other  interior  counties 
of  the  State.  For  the  observance  of  its  annual  dinner  the 
Society  in  1851  went  to  Chester.  Edward  Armstrong 
delivered  his  address  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
there;  the  dinner  was  served  in  T.  A.  Price's  National 
Hotel.  In  1853,  on  a  like  occasion  its  members  went  to 
Reading  and  listened  to  an  oration  by  Charles  Jared  Inger- 
soll,  after  which  "  the  Society  sat  down  to  a  dinner  at 
Bourbon's  Hotel."  At  another  time,  in  1859,  they  heard  an 
address  and  ate  a  dinner  at  the  old  Sun  Tavern  in  Bethle- 
hem. Charles  Miner  suggested  that  auxiliary  Societies  be 
established  in  the  different  counties.  Unfortunately,  this 
wise  course  failed  then,  as  it  did  when  again  broached  at  a 
later  time.  With  the  increase  of  resources  and  of  the 
demands  upon  the  time  and  thought  of  those  who  gave 
attention  to  the  work,  there  arose  a  tendency  to  narrow 
the  scope  of  the  design  and,  as  a  result,  many  opportunities 
have  been  lost  and  a  large  part  of  our  field  has  been  occu- 
pied by  others.  With  the  recent  great  growth  in  the  mem- 
bership and  the  facilities  afforded  by  this  spacious  hall,  it  is 
hoped  that  the  tendency  referred  to  may  be  overcome. 

During  the  two  decades  which  followed  the  removal  to  the 
Athenaeum  building,  we  had  grown  far  beyond  the  facilities 
there  afforded,  and  the  necessity  of  securing  a  more  com- 
modious location  had  become  imperative.  The  collections 
included  twelve  thousand  volumes,  eighty  thousand  pamph- 
lets, sixty-five  portraits  and  twelve  other  historical  paint- 
ings. The  Binding  Fund  amounted  to  $3,500;  the  Life 
Membership  Fund  to  $7,000;  the  Building  Fund  to 
$12,775;  and  the  Publication  Fund  to  $17,000.  The 
Society  had  just  been  successful  in  one  of  its  most  im- 
portant ventures  and  had  obtained  from  the  Penn  family, 


276   Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

at  a  cost  of  $4,000  provided  for  by  subscriptions,  the 
invaluable  mass  of  Penn  manuscripts  which  had  been  inher- 
ited from  the  proprietor  and  his  sons.  The  membership, 
which  in  1826  had  consisted  often  contributors  and  twenty 
others,  in  1830  of  eight  contributors  and  twenty-five  others, 
in  1836  of  twenty-four  contributors  and  fifty-nine  others, 
and  in  1850  of  two  hundred  and  ninety  contributors, 
had  increased  to  six  hundred.  At  this  opportune  time 
a  vista  of  progress  opened  up  before  the  Society.  On 
the  south  side  of  Spruce  Street,  between  Eighth  and 
Ninth,  No.  820,  stood  a  two-story  brick  building  readily 
adaptable  to  the  needs  of  the  Society.  The  sentiment  about 
this  building  was  in  itself  inspiring.  It  belonged  to  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital,  the  earliest  in  America  and  the  out- 
come of  the  Quaker  spirit  of  philanthropy,  to  which  Matthias 
Koplin,  of  Perkiomen,  had  given  its  first  donation  of  land. 
The  building  had  been  erected  as  a  place  for  the  exhibition 
of  West's  great  painting  of"  Christ  healing  the  sick,"  which 
he  had  presented  to  the  Hospital.  It  was  therefore  a 
symbol  and  an  epitome  of  the  triumphs  of  Pennsylvania  in 
history,  art,  philanthropy  and  generosity.  This  building 
the  Trustees  of  the  Hospital  leased  to  the  Society  for  a 
term  of  ten  years  at  a  merely  nominal  rental,  upon  the  con- 
dition that  it  should  pay  for  the  necessary  alterations.  At 
the  occupancy  of  the  building,  on  the  llth  of  March,  1872, 
John  William  Wallace,  the  President,  and  the  learned  and 
accomplished  compiler  of  Wallace's  Reports  of  the  Decisions 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  and  of  "  The 
Reporters/'  delivered  an  address.  The  advantage  of  the 
move  was  shown  in  the  fact  that  almost  at  once  the  active 
membership  grew  to  nine  hundred  and  thirty-three  persons. 
At  length,  after  an  existence  of  nearly  fifty  years,  the  Society 
had  a  home  where  its  treasures  could  be  displayed  and 
utilized  and  its  meetings  could  be  held  in  comfort. 

The  advancement  of  the  Society  may  be  divided  into  a 
series  of  characteristic  epochs  in  which  its  fortunes  seemed 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    277 

to  concentrate  around  some  individual,  generally  the  libra- 
rian. The  period  of  the  founders  and  of  the  mere  struggle 
for  existence  was  followed  by  that  of  John  Jordan,  Jr.,  and 
the  accretion  of  the  manuscripts,  and  in  turn  by  that  ot 
Frederick  D.  Stone  and  Charles  R.  Hildeburn,  at  820  Spruce 
Street,  with  the  accumulation  of  the  early  newspapers  and 
imprints.  Throughout  the  ten  years  spent  at  this  location, 
fruitful  in  the  growth  of  collections  and  resources,  the  hope 
of  presently  owning  a  building  in  which  permanent  arrange- 
ments could  be  made,  was  ever  an  incentive  to  effort.  In 
1832,  John  Hare  Powel,  an  influential  citizen  of  Philadel- 
phia, built  a  mansion  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Thirteenth 
and  Locust  Streets.  In  1836,  it  became  the  home  of  Major 
General  Robert  Patterson,  who  gained  military  reputation 
in  two  successive  wars,  the  Mexican  War  and  the  War  oi 
the  Rebellion.  It  contained  a  frontage  of  ninety-five  feet 
on  Locust  Street  and  a  depth  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet 
on  Thirteenth  Street.  This  property,  in  1882,  the  Society 
bought  at  a  cost,  with  fifty-five  feet  added  later  on  Locust 
Street  and  the  required  alterations,  of  $126,201.41.  John 
Jordan,  Jr.,  gave  $15,000  for  the  erection  of  a  fireproof 
addition ;  and  Brinton  Coxe,  the  then  President,  made  an 
address  at  the  opening,  on  the  14th  of  March,  1884. 

The  epoch  which  ensued  may  be  properly  designated  as 
the  period  of  expansion,  enlightened  by  the  publication  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Magazine  of  History  and  Biography,  for 
the  greater  part  of  the  time  under  the  capable  direction  of 
Dr.  John  W.  Jordan.  But  the  end  was  not  yet.  The 
building,  capacious  and  attractive,  was  in  the  main  not  of 
fireproof  construction;  and  the  valuable  collections  were 
subject  to  all  the  vicissitudes  which  might  possibly  result. 
Originating  with  William  Brooke  Rawle,  a  scion  of  the  iron 
family  of  Brooke  along  the  Schuylkill,  a  great-grandson  of 
William  Rawle,  the  first  President,  a  grandson  of  William 
Rawle,  junior,  one  of  the  Founders,  and  himself  a  member 
in  the  fourth  generation,  and  now  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents, 
a  movement  began  in  1902  for  such  alterations  of  the  build- 


278    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

ing  as  should  make  it  entirely  and  absolutely  safe  from 
destruction  or  loss  by  fire.  This  plan  involved  an  almost 
complete  reconstruction  and,  as  to  the  rest,  readaptation. 

Samuel  W.  Pennypacker,  William  Brooke  Eawle,  and 
Thomas  Gr.  Morton,  M.D.,  were  appointed  Trustees  of  the 
Building  Fund,  and  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Morton,  John  F. 
Lewis  was  appointed  his  successor.  The  fund  raised  by  the 
Trustees  was  utilized  by  the  following  Committee  on  Fire- 
proof Building:  John  F.  Lewis,  Chairman;  Samuel  W. 
Pennypacker,  William  Brooke  Rawle,  James  T.  Mitchell, 
William  H.  Lambert,  Edward  Robins,  John  P.  Nicholson, 
and  William  Drayton. 

The  land  and  the  building  as  it  then  existed  had  cost,  as 

has  been  heretofore  shown $126,201.41 

Dr.  Charles  J.  Stille",  one  of  the  former  Presidents,  a  de- 
scendant of  the  early  Swedes  upon  the  Delaware,  who 
had  been  Provost  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
and  had  written  a  famous  pamphlet  on  "  How  a  Free 
People  Conduct  a  Great  War/'  and  a  Life  of  Wayne, 
had  bequeathed  for  building  purposes  .  .  .  -  .  .  41,600.00 

The  members  and  friends  of  the  Society  gave     ....         21, 700. 00 

The  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  appreciating  the 
fact  that  the  history  of  the  State  depends  upon  the 
preservation  of  the  records  here  collected,  and  rising  to 
the  obligations  of  duty,  as  it  has  ever  done,  contributed  150,000.00 


Making  a  total  of   . $339,591.41 


To  such  proportions  had  grown  an  institution  which  in 
its  origin  had  difficulty  in  paying  a  rental  of  $50  a  year 
and  had  been  glad  to  accept  a  room  from  the  Phrenological 
Society  in  Carpenter's  Court.  Important  and  even  essential 
as  is  the  control  of  sufficient  money,  in  the  performance  ot 
a  great  task  much  more  is  required.  Had  there  not  been 
intelligence,  energy  and  activity  in  the  direction  of  the 
work,  no  pyramid  would  ever  have  stood  in  the  Valley  of 
the  Nile.  When  Lincoln  was  called  upon  by  one  of  his 
generals  for  more  men,  it  was  suggested  that  what  was 
needed  was  "  more  man."  Happily,  the  man  for  this  occa- 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    279 

sion  stood  at  hand.  No  better  fate  could  befall  any  society 
than  to  be  able  to  find  among  its  membership  the  strength 
and  the  skill  which  its  necessities  demand.  To  John  F. 
Lewis,  indefatigable,  irrepressible  and  not  to  be  misled, 
who  for  more  than  four  years  gave  continuous  and  capable 
attention  to  every  detail  of  design  and  construction,  and  to 
his  colleagues  on  the  Building  Committee,  are  to  be 
ascribed  all  those  merits  of  arrangement,  adaptability  and 
utility  which  you  see  displayed  before  you.  Four  stories  in 
height,  and  so  founded  as  to  be  capable  of  indefinite  further 
elevation;  with  more  attention  wisely  given  to  capacity, 
safety  and  strength  than  to  mere  ornamentation ;  with 
pleasing  and  attractive  rooms  for  study,  addresses  and  re- 
ceptions, this  Hall  amply  and  securely  provides  for  our 
wants  for  many  generations  to  come.  Upon  this  eventful 
day,  we  may  well  be  excused  for  entertaining  a  sense  of 
self-congratulation.  We  have  exceeded  the  utmost  hopes 
of  our  revered  founders,  and  the  most  brilliantly  tinted  an- 
ticipations of  those  who  have  had  at  heart  our  welfare.  It 
is  doubtful  whether  any  other  society  in  America,  devoted 
to  like  pursuits,  has  equalled  us  in  the  outcome  of  our 
efforts  and  the  literary  value  of  our  collections. 

The  different  funds  of  the  Society  contain  the  following 
sums  as  capital : 

The  General  Fund $8,108.98 

The  Publication  Fund 41,000.00 

The  Binding  Fund 5,300.00 

The  Library  Fund 20,505.00 

The  Endowment  Fund  (which  includes 
$25,000  bequeathed  by  George  Plumer 
Smith,  and  $50,000  recently  contributed 

by  Mrs.  Frederic  C.  Penfield) .     .     .     .  141,647.69 

The  Ferdinand  J.  Dreer  Fund     ....  15.000.00 

The  Howard  Williams  Lloyd  Fund     .     .  5,000.00 

The  Samuel  L.  Smedley  Fund     ....  6,100.00 

The  Charles  J.  Stille*  Fund 10,000.00 

The  C.  L.  Lamberton  Fund 2,375.00 


$255,036.67 


280   Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

Between  the  years  1826  and  1910,  the  Society  published 
fourteen  volumes  of  "  Memoirs,"  containing  treatises  upon 
various  historical  subjects,  one  of  which  was  reprinted ;  a 
volume  of  the  "Bulletin,"  a  volume  of  "Collections,"  a 
"  Historical  Map  of  Pennsylvania,"  a  volume  upon  "  Penn- 
sylvania and  the  Federal  Constitution,"  edited  by  J.  B. 
McMaster  and  Frederick  D.  Stone,  four  volumes  of  Miscel- 
laneous Publications  and  thirty-four  volumes  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Magazine  of  History  and  Biography. 

It  is  not  possible  upon  an  occasion  such  as  the  present,  to 
do  more  than  to  give  a  simulacrum,  a  mere  shadowy  outline 
of  the  collections.  The  history  of  Pennsylvania  depends 
not  upon  what  has  been  retained  at  the  Capital,  but  upon  what 
has  been  gathered  within  these  walls.  In  the  present  age 
of  the  world  we  are  prone  to  regard  every  thing  from  the 
pecuniary  point  of  view  ;  and  when  our  journals  and  quasi 
magazines  call  our  attention  to  a  painting  of  Rembrandt  or 
Frantz  Hals,  that  which  they  tell  is  the  sum  that  the  New 
York  or  Pittsburg  millionaire  paid  for  it.  It  is  a  coarse, 
crude,  vulgar  and  inexact  way  of  estimating  value;  but  we 
are  compelled  to  accept  the  conventions  of  life  or  to  be 
uncomprehended.  These  Collections  are  estimated  to  be 
worth  not  less  than  $2,500,000.  They  include  eighty  thou- 
sand bound  books,  two  hundred  thousand  pamphlets  and 
five  thousand  eight  hundred  and  twenty-four  volumes 
of  manuscripts.  Among  the  most  important  sources  of 
early  information  and  most  difficult  to  secure  are  the  early 
newspapers.  We  have  three  thousand  three  hundred  and 
twenty-one  volumes  of  newspapers,  among  which  are  com- 
plete files  of  Franklin's  Gazette,  Bradford's  Journal,  the 
Pennsylvania  Packet,  the  earliest  daily  in  the  United  States ; 
Poulson's  Advertiser,  and  the  Aurora,  and  partial  files  ot 
the  American  Weekly  Mercury,  Sower's  Geschicht  Schrei- 
ber,  the  Staatsbote,  Parker's  New  York  Gazette  and  Post- 
boy, Rivington's  New  York  Gazette  and  the  Royal  Ameri- 
can Gazette — all  of  them  published  in  the  18th  Century 
and  representing  the  dawn  of  American  journalism. 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    281 

In  one  room  alone  are  seven  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
eight  volumes  and  thirteen  hundred  and  four  broadsides 
called  u  imprints,"  in  other  words  American  Incunabula, 
showing  what  the  people  read  and  who  did  the  publishing, 
down  to  1825.  Nowhere  else  in  the  world  can  be  found  so 
much  from  the  presses  of  William  Bradford,  the  first  printer 
in  the  Middle  Colonies,  and  the  other  Bradfords  who  suc- 
ceeded him;  of  Franklin,  the  job  printer;  of  Sower,  who 
published  the  Bible  three  times  and  the  Testament  seven 
times  in  Germantown,  of  Ephrata;  and  of  Robert  Bell,  who 
introduced  literature  into  America  by  printing  the  works 
of  Blackstone,  Milton,  and  many  more.  We  have  three 
hundred  and  forty-eight  of  the  publications  of  Franklin,  one 
hundred  and  ninety-three  of  those  of  Sower,  seventy-one 
of  those  of  Bell  and  three  hundred  and  four  of  those 
of  the  Bradfords.  Of  the  Poor  Richard  Almanacs  we 
have  the  first,  and  only  lack  ten,  between  1733  and 
1801,  being  unrivalled.  Of  exceptional  importance 
among  the  issues  of  the  press  of  William  Bradford, 
the  first  printer,  are  Atkins'  Pennsylvania  Almanac,  the 
earliest  publication,  one  of  only  two  known  copies,  and 
his  "Proposal  for  the  printing  of  a  large  Bible"  in  1688, 
which  is  unique.  Of  the  controversial  pamphlets  beginning 
in  1692,  the  outcome  of  the  struggle  of  the  Friends  with 
George  Keith  which  led  to  the  establishment  of  the  Prot- 
estant Episcopal  Church  in  the  Colony,  we  have  nearly  all. 

Among  the  Collections  of  special  import,  some  of  them 
of  momentous  consequence,  are  the  Charlemagne  Tower 
Colonial  Laws,  containing  more  of  the  Laws  of  that  period 
relating  to  Pennsylvania  than  can  be  found  in  Harrisburg, 
and  more  of  those  relating  to  Massachusetts  than  can  be 
found  in  Boston ;  the  Cassel  books  in  the  German  tongue ; 
William  S.  Baker's  Washingtoniana ;  the  Kennedy  draw- 
ings of  ancient  houses  in  Philadelphia ;  and  the  Dreer  auto- 
graphs, in  one  hundred  and  ninety-seven  volumes,  which 
cost  Mr.  Dreer  over  $100,000.00.  The  original  charter  ot 
Philadelphia,  in  1691,  lies  alongside  of  the  title  deeds  to  the 


282    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

Province  in  the  fireproof.  The  portraits  of  William  Penn, 
of  Franklin  by  Charles  Willson  Peale,  and  of  Washington 
by  Gilbert  Stuart,  hang  together  upon  the  walls.  A  clock 
made  by  David  Bittenhouse,  that  Pennsylvania  genius  who 
measured  the  distance  of  the  sun  and  discovered  the 
atmosphere  of  Yenus,  designates  the  time  while  I  attempt 
a  resume  of  the  manuscripts,  making  reference  only  to  the 
name  of  the  family  or  personage  who  once  owned  them 
and  the  number  of  the  volumes : 


Bradford 

Bartram 

James  Buchanan 

Barton 

Commodore  Barney 

Biddle 

Boone    

Boudinot 

Bryan 

Cadwalader   .    .    .    . 

Coryell 

Clement 

Jay  Cooke  .  .  .  . 
Salmon  P.  Chase  .  . 
Hi  ester — Clymer 

Conarroe 

Drinker 

Dickinson  .  .  .  . 
Du  Ponceau  .  .  .  . 

Dupuy   

Etting 

Franklin 

Gratz 

Galloway       .    .    .    . 

Gibson       

Hamilton  .  .  .  . 
Humphreys  .... 
Morris — Hollings- 

worth 

Thos.  Hutchins  .  . 
Wm.  Henry  .  .  . 
John  Heckewelder  . 

Hand 

Hopkinson    .    .    .    . 

Irvine 

Logan    

Lawrence  . 


35 

Volumes 

10 

(i 

160 

(i 

4 

« 

2 

« 

2 

n 

12 

« 

4 

t  < 

2 

II 

8 

1  1 

6 

1  1 

50 

(( 

136 

(I 

34 

« 

3 

« 

14 

<( 

95 

ft 

3 

« 

21 

t  ( 

4 

« 

113 

« 

11 

It 

104 

(( 

1 

(  ( 

8 

(( 

4 

(( 

8 

(I 

400 

(t 

2 

II 

11 

« 

5 

« 

8 

« 

1 

4  ( 

15 

« 

67 

(  i 

4 

t  I 

Lafayette 

Ellis  Lewis  .... 
John  Langdon      .    . 

Lightfoot 

Henry  Laurens    .    . 
Robert  Morris  .    .    . 

McKean 

McPherson    .... 
Muhlenberg  .... 

Norris 

Penn 

Pemberton — Clifford 
Joel  R.  Poinsett   .    . 

Peters 

Parsons 

Pastorius 

Peale 

Pleasants 

Potts     ...    •   •   • 

Rawle 

Shippen 

Sargent 

Sergeant    

Stewardson   .... 

StillS 

Strettell 

Taylor 

Charles  Thomson 
Tilghman      .... 

Tousard 

James  Wilson  .    .    . 
Anthony  Wayne  .    . 

Willcox 

Wharton   .    . 
Conrad  Weiser     .    . 

West 

Yeates 


2  Volumes 
1         " 
3 
6 
3 
10 

6 

tt 


4 
1 

70 

444 

110 

24 

20 

3 

5 

6 

2 

2 

14 

60 

4 

6 

7 

12 
7 

17 
2 

32 
1 

11 

60 

12 

38 

8 

4 

f>0 


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a 


ft 


<  i 


a 


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tt 


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II 


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Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    283 

Of  early  assessment  books  of  Philadelphia  County,  giving 
the  names  of  the  landowners,  there  are  five  hundred  and 
fifty-two  volumes;  of  the  accounts  of  the  early  forges  and 
furnaces,  showing  the  beginnings  of  that  great  industry  so 
important  for  Pennsylvania,  there  are  forty  volumes ;  and  of 
Papers  of  the  Re  volution,  including  orderly  books  at  Valley 
Forge  and  elsewhere,  diaries  and  journals,  there  are  seven 
hundred  and  nineteen  volumes.  We  have  the  original 
manuscripts  of  Proud's  History  of  Pennsylvania,  Smith's 
History  of  Pennsylvania,  Watson's  Annals  of  Philadel- 
phia, Christopher  Marshall's  Diary,  and  Pastorius'  Laws  of 
Germantown.  These  facts,  incomplete  as  they  are,  serve 
to  indicate  the  wealth  of  the  Society  in  original  papers. 
When  the  future  Mommsen,  Gibbon  or  Grote  of  America 
writes  the  story  of  the  nation  from  the  great  centre  of  the 
continent  where  it  originated  and  whence  came  the  influ- 
ences which  created  it,  he  will  here  find  the  sources  of  his 
information.  This  Society  through  nearly  nine  decades  of 
earnest  labors  has  fixed  the  foundations  upon  which  the 
structure  will  rest.  These  efforts  resulting  in  such  accom- 
plishment have  been  at  once  an  example  and  an  incentive. 
Around  the  Society,  as  about  the  knees  of  a  parent,  have 
gathered  other  organizations  with  somewhat  kindred  aims, 
and  beneath  its  roof  come  for  shelter  the  Genealogical 
Society  of  Pennsylvania,  The  Numismatic  and  Antiqua- 
rian Society,  the  Pennsylvania  History  Club,  the  Military 
Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  the  Colonial  Dames,  the  Penn- 
sylvania Society  of  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  the  Daughters 
of  the  American  Revolution,  and  the  Society  of  Colonial 
Wars. 

The  active  members,  who  numbered  fifty-six  in  1845, 
nine  hundred  and  thirty-three  in  1872,  and  twelve  hundred 
and  sixty-five  in  1884,  are  now,  inclusive  of  life  members  and 
annual  subscribers,  two  thousand  two  hundred  and  fifty-one. 

The  past  of  the  Society,  because  of  the  earnestness,  activ- 
ity and  self-sacrifice  of  those  who  have  guided  its  fortunes, 
has  been  replete  with  achievement.  If  the  thought  of 


284   Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

Anatole  France  be  correct  (and  no  historian  ought  to  gain- 
say it) :  "  Le  passe  c'est  la  seule  realite"  huinaine.  Tout  ce 
qui  est  est  passe."  Should,  however,  we  be  imbued  with  a 
measure  of  the  spirit  which  has  animated  our  predecessors, 
the  future  beckons  to  us  with  promise.  What  it  may  have 
in  store  for  us  we  can  not  know,  but  on  this  occasion  and 
in  this  hall  we  may  repeat :  "  La  porte  de  notre  demeure 
.  .  .  ouvre  sur  Tinfini." 

Up  to  the  present  time  we  have  not  wearied  in  following 
the  injunctions  :  "  Remember  the  days  of  old,  consider  the 
years  of  many  generations:  ask  thy  father,  and  he  will 
shew  thee ;  thy  elders,  and  they  will  tell  thee"  (Deuteron- 
omy xxxii :  7).  Those  of  us  upon  whom  the  responsibility 
now  rests  may  safely  entertain  the  comfortable  assurance 
that  wisdom  will  not  die  with  the  present  generation  and 
that  those  who  come  along  close  upon  our  heels  in  the  paths 
we  have  trodden  will  carry  into  further  activities  and  wider 
fields  of  usefulness  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

When  he  had  finished  his  address,  the  President  invited 
all  present  to  repair  to  the  Hall  of  Governors,  to  partake 
of  a  collation  being  served. 

Messages  of  congratulations  were  received  from  the  fol- 
lowing learned  societies  and  institutions  abroad  and  in  this 
country,  in  response  to  the  invitation  of  the  Historical 
Society  to  attend  the  opening  ceremonies: 

Academie  Royale  des  Sciences,  des  Lettres  et  des  Beaux  Arts  de  Bel- 

gique,  Brussels. 

American  Antiquarian  Society,  Worcester,  Mass. 
Andover  Theological  Seminary,  Andover,  Mass. 
Allegheny  College,  Meadville,  Pa. 
Athenaeum  of  Philadelphia,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
American  Philosophical  Society,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Apprentices'  Library,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

British  Museum,  London. 

Bibliotheque  Imperials  Publique,  St.  Petersburg. 

Bowdoin  College,  Brunswick,  Me. 

Bryn  Mawr  College,  Bryn  Mawr,  Pa. 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    285 

Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Beloit  College,  Beloit,  Wis. 

Buffalo  Historical  Society,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Berkeley  Divinity  School,  Middletown,  Conn. 

Boston  Public  Library,  Boston,  Mass. 

Camden  Free  Public  Library,  Camden,  N.  J. 
Coast  Artillery  School,  Fortress  Monroe,  Va. 
Catholic  University  of  America,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Chicago  Historical  Society,  Chicago,  111. 
Connecticut  State  Library,  Hartford,  Conn. 
Carnegie  Library,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Connecticut  Historical  Society,  Hartford,  Conn. 
Cambria  Free  Library,  Johnstown,  Pa. 
Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
Charleston  Library  Society,  Charleston,  S.  C. 
Carnegie  Library,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
Carnegie  Public  Library,  Bradford,  Pa. 
Carpenters'  Company,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Columbia  University,  New  York  City,  N.  Y. 
Carnegie  Free  Library,  Allegheny,  Pa. 
Crozer  Theological  Seminary,  Chester,  Pa. 
College  of  Physicians,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Cleveland  Public  Library,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Dedham  Historical  Society,  Dedham,  Mass. 
Danbury  Library,  Danbury,  Conn. 
Denver  Public  Library,  Denver,  Col. 
Diocesan  Library,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Delaware  Co.  Institute  of  Science,  Media,  Pa. 
Delaware  College,  Newark,  Del. 
Drexel  Institute,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Essex  Institute,  Salem,  Mass. 
Easton  Public  Library,  Easton,  Pa. 
Enoch  Pratt  Free  Library,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Elyria  Library,  Elyria,  Ohio. 
Erie  Public  Library,  Erie,  Pa. 
Episcopal  Academy,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Fletcher  Free  Library,  Burlington,  Vt. 
Franklin  and  Marshall  College,  Lancaster,  Pa. 
Friends  Free  Library,  Germantown,  Phila. 


286    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

Germantown  Library  Association  and  Historical  Society,  Germantown, 

Phila. 

Georgia  State  Library,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Georgia  Historical  Society,  Savannah,  Ga. 
Grand  Rapids  Public  Library,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 
George  Washington  University,  Washington,  D.  C. 
German  Society,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Georgetown  University,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Harvard  University,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Historical  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Ohio,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Hobart  College,  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

Historical  Society  of  Dauphin  Co.,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

Historical  Society  of  Delaware,  Wilmington,  Del. 

Haverford  College,  Haverford,  Pa. 

Historical  Society  of  Schuylkill  Co.,  Pottsville,  Pa. 

Iowa  State  Hi»torical  Society,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 

Indiana  State  Library,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Institute  Historico  e  Geographico,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil. 

James  Prendergast  Free  Library,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 
John  Crerar  Library,  Chicago,  111. 

•• 

Konigliche  Offentliche  Bibliothek,  Dresden. 

Koniglich  Bayerische  Akademie  der  Wisgenschaften,  Munich. 

King  Library,  Andalusia,  Pa. 

Kenyon  College,  Gambier,  Ohio. 

Kittochtinny  Historical  Society,  Chambersburg,  Pa. 

Library  of  Congress,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Lehigh  University,  South  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

Lehigh  County  Historical  Society,  Allentown,  Pa. 

Lutheran  Theological  Seminary,  Mount  Airy,  Philadelphia. 

Linden  Hall  Seminary,  Lititz,  Pa. 

Lebanon  County  Historical  Society,  Lebanon,  Pa. 

Lafayette  College,  Easton,  Pa. 

Middlebury  College,  Middlebury,  Vt. 
Minnesota  Historical  Society,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
Maine  Historical  Society,  Portland,  Me. 
Massachusetts  State  Library,  Boston,  Mass. 
Moravian  Seminary,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 
Michigan  State  Library,  Lansing,  Mich. 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    287 

Meadville  Theological  School,  Meadville,  Pa. 
Maine  State  Library,  Augusta,  Me. 
Marietta  College,  Marietta,  Ohio. 
Missouri  State  Library,  Jefferson  City,  Mo. 
Miami  University,  Oxford,  Ohio. 
Maryland  Historical  Society,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Montgomery  County  Historical  Society,  Norristown,  Pa. 
Moravian  Historical  Society,  Nazareth,  Pa. 

Nazareth  Hall  Military  Academy,  Nazareth,  Pa. 

New  York  Historical  Society,  New  York  City. 

New  Jersey  Historical  Society,  Newark,  N.  J. 

North  Dakota  State  Library,  Bismarck,  N.  D. 

Nebraska  State  Historical  Society,  Lincoln,  Neb. 

Newberry  Library,  Chicago,  111. 

New  York  Public  Library,  New  York  City. 

New  Jersey  State  Library,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

New  York  Society  Library,  New  York  City. 

Northwestern  University,  Chicago,  111. 

Newark  Free  Public  Library,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Numismatic  &  Antiquarian  Society,  Philadelphia. 

New  York  Genealogical  &  Biographical  Society,  New  York  Oity. 

Oregon  State  Library,  Salem,  Oregon. 
Otterbein  University,  Westerville,  Ohio. 
Oneida  Historical  Society,  Utica,  N.  J. 
Ohio  University,  Athens,  Ohio. 

Providence  Athenaeum,  Providence,  R.  I. 
Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Society,  Philadelphia. 
Pratt  Institute,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Princeton  University,  Princeton,  N.  J. 
Philadelphia  City  Institute,  Philadelphia. 
Pennsylvania  State  College,  State  College,  Pa. 
Pedagogical  Library,  Philadelphia. 
Philadelphia  Normal  School,  Philadelphia. 

Rhode  Island  Historical  Society,  Providence,  R.  I. 

Scandanavian  American  Club,  Philadelphia. 
State  Normal  School,  Bloomaburg,  Pa. 
St.  Charles  Seminary,  Overbrook,  Pa. 
Stevens'  Institute  of  Technology,  Hoboken,  N.  J. 


288   Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

Salem  Academy  and  College,  Winston-Sal  em,  N.  C. 
Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.  C. 
St.  Louis  Public  Library,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
State  Normal  School,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

Tufts  College,  Tufts  College,  Mass. 
Texas  Library  Association,  Austin,  Texas. 
Towanda  Public  Library,  Towanda,  Pa. 
Trenton  Free  Public  Library,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

University  of  Illinois,  Urbana,  111. 
Union  Theological  Seminary,  New  York  City. 
University  of  North  Dakota,  University,  N.  D. 
University  of  Chicago,  Chicago,  111. 
U.  S.  Military  Academy,  West  Point,  N.  Y. 
U.  S.  Naval  Academy,  Annapolis,  Md. 
Union  University,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 
University  of  Wyoming,  Laramie,  Wyo. 
University  of  Pittsburgh,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
University  of  Rochester,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
University  of  Washington,  Seattle,  Wash. 
University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Texas. 
University  of  Minnesota,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
University  of  Kansas,  Lawrence,  Kansas. 
University  of  Vermont,  Burlington,  Vt. 
University  of  North  Carolina,  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C. 
University  of  Maine,  Orono,  Maine. 

Vassar  College,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 
Virginia  Historical  Society,  Richmond,  Va. 
Vermont  Historical  Society,  Montpelier,  Vt. 
Virginia  State  Library,  Richmond,  Va. 

Wilmington  Institute  Free  Library,  Wilmington,  Del. 
Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science,  Philadelphia. 
Wisconsin  State  Historical  Society,  Madison,  Wis. 
Williams  College,  Williamstown,  Mass. 
Worcester  Society  of  Antiquity,  Worcester,  Mass. 
West  Virginia  State  Library,  Charlestown,  W.  Va. 
Washington  and  Lee  University,  Lexington,  Va. 
William  Penn  High  School  for  Girls,  Philadelphia. 

Yale  University,  New  Haven,  Conn. 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    289 


The  Following  is  a  List  of  the  Subscribers  to  the  Building  and 
Equipment  Fund  of  the  Historical  Society. 


George  W.  Acklin 
W.  Charles  Alderson 
Edmund  Allen 
William  N.  Allen 
Mrs.  John  Ashhurst,  Jr. 
W.  W.  Atterbury 
Thomas  P.  Bacon 
George  F.  Baer 
Charles  W.  Bailey 
Joshua  L.  Baily 
Thomas  Willing  Balch 
Frank  Battles 
T.  Broom  Belfield 
Edward  J.  Bell 
Benjamin  Bertolet 
Hon.  Craig  Biddle 
H.  W.  Biddle 
William  F.  Biddle 
Miss  Mary  Blakistori 
The  Misses  Blanchard 
Amos  Bonsai  1 
Hunter  Brooke 
John  A.  Brown,  Jr. 
John  Douglass  Brown 
Miss  Martha  M.  Brown 
John  C.  Browne 
Mrs.  Edward  S.  Buckley 
George  Burn  ham,  Jr. 
Charles  M.  Burns 
Charles  C.  Butterworth 

» 

John  Cadwalader 
Richard  M.  Cadwalader 
Hon.  Hampton  L.  Carson 
R.  N.  Carson 
Alexander  J.  Cassatt 
Mrs.  Alexander  J.  Cassatt 
S.  Castner,  Jr. 
Charles  Chauncey 

VOL.  XXXIV 19 


B.  Frank  Clapp 
James  Clarency 
George  H.  Cliff 
Edward  Coles 

C.  Howard  Colket 

Colonial  Society  of  Pennsylvania 

Mrs.  George  M.  Conarroe 

John  II .  Converse 

John  L.  Cox 

Eckley  B.  Coxe,  Jr. 

Neville  B.  Craig 

Miss  Anne  H.  Cresson 

Samuel  A.  Crozer 

Roland  G.  Curtin,  M.D. 

O'Hara  Darlington 

Henry  L.  Davis 

Howard  Deacon 

Mrs.  George  J.  DeArmond 

Bernard  L.  Douredoure 

George  W.  C.  Drexel 

Edward  T.  Dugdale 

H.  A.  du  Pont 

A.  T.  Freedley 

William  F.  Gable 

John  B.Garrett 

Sylvester  Garrett 

W.  H.  Gaw 

Henry  Gawthrop 

Joseph  M.  Gaz/am 

Dr.  Thomas  A.  Gill,  U.S.N. 

Benjamin  Githens 

William  Goodrich 

Simon  Gratz 

Stephen  Greene 

Clement  A.  Griscom 

Charles  F.  Gummey 

Mrs.  Charles  Hacker 

Francis  C.  Haines 


290    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 


William  A.  Haines 
Edward  H.  Hance 
J.  Campbell  Harris 
Mrs.  John  Harrison 
Thomas  S.  Harrison 
Frank  Haseltine 
Henry  R.  Hatfield 
James  Hay 
James  C.  Haydon 
Samuel  Hazard 
John  C.  Heckman 
Charles  Heebner 
William  E.  Heline 
Frederick  Hemsley 
C.  E.  Henderson 
William  P.  Henszey 
Charles  S.  Hinchman 
Charles  E.  Hires 
James  F.  Hope 
Oliver  Hopkinson 
William  Macpherson  Hornor 
Daniel  W.  Howard 
Emlen  Hutchinson 
Francis  M.  Hutchinson 
John  P.  Hutchinson 
Mahlon  Hutchinson 
Addison  Hutton 
Charles  E.  Ingersoll 
Nathaniel  E.  Janney 
Henry  S.  Jeanes 
John  Story  Jenks 
William  H.  Jenks 
R.  Winder  Johnson 
Washington  Jones 
William  H.  Jordan 
William  W.  Justice 
William  H.  Lambert 
Rev.  George  A.  Latimer 
Henry  C.  Lea 
J.  Granville  Leach 
Arthur  N.  Leeds 
Henry  L.  Levick 
Lewis  J.  Levick 
Howard  W.  Lewis 


John  F.  Lewis 

Mrs.  John  F.  Lewis 

Malcolm  Lloyd,  Jr. 

William  S.  Lloyd 

John  P.  Logan 

John  C.  Lowry 

Dr.  James  Mac  A  lister 

James  McCrea 

Clayton  McElroy 

John  B.  McMaster 

Horace  Magee 

E.  R.  Mann 

W.  L.  Margerum 

John  Ross  Martin,  U.S.N. 

Richard  S.  Mason 

William  M.  Meigs 

William  Mellor 

Jesse  H.  Michener 

J.  H.  Michener 

Nathan  Middleton 

Mrs.  James  Mifflin 

Mrs.  William  Mifflin 

Caleb  J.  Milne 

Thomas  M.  Montgomery 

Clarence  B.  Moore 

Richard  Moore 

Elliston  P.  Morris 

Israel  Morris 

Israel  W.  Morris 

William  J.  Morris 

Miss  Helen  K.  Morton 

Joseph  M.  Myers 

John  P.  Nicholson 

Charles  Norris 

Charles  S.  Ogden 

William  Overington,  Jr. 

S.  Davis  Page 

Dr.  Gilbert  L.  Parker 

T.  H.  Hoge  Patterson 

William  A.  Patton 

Dr.  James  Paul 

Galusha  Pennypacker  U.  S.  A. 

Hon.  Samuel  W.  Pennypacker 

Charles  P.  Perkins 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    291 


T.  Morris  Perot,  Jr. 

Arthur  Peterson 

Hon.  H.  K.  Porter 

E.  T.  Postlethwaite 

Thomas  Potter,  Jr. 

William  F.  Potter 

Frederick  Perry  Powers 

Dundas  T.  Pratt 

Charles  E.  Pugh 

Earl  B.  Putnam 

James  Rawle 

William  Brooke  Rawle 

Mrs.  William  Brooke  Rawle 

Samuel  Rea 

John  J.  Read,  U.  S.  N. 

I.  Layton  Register 

Joseph  P.  Remington 

Benjamin  W.  Richards 

H.  M.  M.  Richards 

Louis  Richards 

M.  Riebenack 

Craig  D.  Ritchie 

Miss  Elizabeth  C.  Roberts 

Miss  Frances  A.  Roberts 

Edward  Robins 

Anthony  W.  Robinson 

H.  M.  Rolin 

J.  Martin  Rommel 

J.  G.  Rosengarten 

Louis  B.  Runk 

Julius  F.  Sachse 

Winthrop  Sargent 

Dr.  Charles  Schaffer 

Abraham  S.  Schropp 

James  A.  Searight 

James  T.  Shinn 

Charles  F.  Shoener 

Charles  A.  Sims 

Miss  Mary  E.  Sinnott 

A.  Lewis  Smith 

Benjamin  H.  Smith 

Charles  Smith 

C.  Morton  Smith 


Horace  E.  Smith 

Mrs.  W.  Hinckle  Smith 

William  Alexander  Smith 

Marriott  C.  Smyth 

Thomas  W.  Sparks 

George  W.  Spiese 

A.  M.  Stackhouse 

Henry  M.  Steel 

Miss  Katharine  S.  Steen 

William  C.  Stevenson,  Jr. 

Hon.  Mayer  Sulzberger 

William  W.  Supplee 

James  M.  Swank 

William  G.  Thomas 

Hon.  M.  Hampton  Todd 

Hon.  Charlemagne  Tower 

Frank  E.  Townsend 

Alexander  Van  Renssaelaer 

Dr.  Charles  Harrod  Vinton 

T.  Chester  Walbridge 

George  W.  Warner 

E.  C.  Weaver 

Edmund  Webster 

Edward  Welles 

Mrs.  Mary  D.  Wentz 

S.  P.  Wetherill 

William  H.  Wetherill 

Francis  R.  Wharton 

Joseph  Willcox 

David  E.  Williams 

Ellis  D.  Williams 

Miss  Mary  C.  Williams 

Miss  Sarah  D.  Williams 

James  H.  Wind  rim 

Asa  S.  Wing 

James  D.  Winsor 

Mrs.  O.  J.  Wister 

George  Wood 

Howard  Wood 

R.  Francis  Wood 

Stuart  Wood 

Frank  H.  Wyeth 

T.  Ellwood  Zell 


292    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

The  two  days'  ceremonies  in  commemoration  of  the  formal 
opening  of  the  new  building  of  the  Society  were  fittingly 
closed  on  Thursday  evening,  April  7,  by  a  dinner.  The 
great  hall  of  the  Society  had  been  transformed  into  a  ban- 
queting hall.  From  the  balcony,  which  surrounds  the  hall, 
were  hung  the  handsome  silk  flags  and  banners  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Society  Sons  of  the  Revolution  and  the  Society 
of  Colonial  Wars,  and  the  decorations  of  flowers,  plants, 
and  palms  were  elaborate.  At  the  tables  were  seated  some 
of  the  notable  men  of  the  country,  especially  those  who 
have  been  prominent  in  writing  American  history.  The 
Hon.  Samuel  Whitaker  Pennypacker,  President  of  the 
Society,  presided,  and  Vice-President,  Hon.  Charlemagne 
Tower,  acted  as  Toastmaster. 

The  "  menu"  having  been  disposed  of,  President  Penny- 
packer  read  the  following  letters  from  the  Earl  of  Ranfurly 
and  Lieut.  Colonel  Dugald  Stuart,  descendants  of  the 
Founder  of  Pennsylvania;  Hon.  P.  C.  Knox,  Secretary  of 
State ;  Hon.  Franklin  MaeVeagh,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury ; 
Hon.  Edwin  S.  Stuart,  Governor  of  the  Commonwealth  of 
Pennsylvania;  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  George  Otto  Trevelyan,  an 
honorary  member  of  the  Society ;  the  Librarian  of  the  British 
Museum ;  and  a  telegram  from  Samuel  Y.  Hoffman,  Esq., 
President  of  the  New  York  Historical  Society. 

43  BRYANSTON  SQUARE  W.,  15th  March,  1910. 
DEAR  SIR, 

I  much  regret  that  I  cannot  take  part  in  the  opening  ol 
the  new  premises  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania 
on  the  6th  April,  or  of  attending  the  dinner  on  the  follow- 
ing day.  I  shall  hope  on  my  next  visit  to  the  States  to  have 
the  pleasure  of  seeing  the  building. 

With  many  thanks  for  your  kind  invitation, 

Believe  me, 

Yours  very  faithfully, 

RANFURLY. 
S.  W.  PENNYPACKER, 

President. 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    293 

DOWESTOWN, 

NAVAN, 

Co.  MBATH,  March  16,  1910. 
DEAR  SIR, 

I  beg  to  thank  you  for  your  letter  of  3rd  and  am  much 
obliged  to  you  and  the  Society  for  your  cordial  invitation 
to  be  present  at  the  formal  opening  of  the  new  Hall  on 
April  6th-7th,  which,  however,  I  regret  to  say  I  am  unable 
to  accept. 

I  remain 

Yours  faithfully, 

DUGALD  STUART. 
S.  W.  PENNYPACKER, 

President. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE, 

WASHINGTON,  March  9,  1910. 
DEAR  SIR, 

I  beg  to  thank  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  for 
the  honor  of  its  invitation  to  participate  as  a  guest  and  to 
make  an  address  at  the  dinner  on  the  seventh  of  April, 
which  I  appreciate  very  much.  I  regret  to  say,  however, 
that  my  work  here  is  so  exacting  that  I  have  been  com- 
pelled to  decline  to  make  any  out  of  town  engagements  to 
speak  this  winter  or  spring,  and  I  could  not  now  with  pro- 
priety make  an  exception,  though  I  should  be  very  glad  to 
comply  with  any  wish  of  the  Society  if  it  were  possible  for 

me  to  do  BO. 

Very  sincerely  yours, 

P.  C.  KNOX. 
HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKER, 

President. 

THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY, 

WASHINGTON,  March  10,  1910. 
DEAR  GOVERNOR, 

It  would  give  me  more  pleasure  than  I  could  tell  you  to 
accept  your  invitation  to  attend  the  dinner  of  the  Historical 


294   Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

Society  of  Pennsylvania  on  April  7th  if  I  were  not  just 
getting  over  a  throat  attack  which  the  doctor  says  I  must 
still  regard  enough  to  avoid  public  dinners  for  probably  six 
weeks. 

I  consider  it  most  kind  in  you  to  have  asked  me.  Now 
that  I  am  so  near  to  Pennsylvania  my  early  associations 
most  pleasantly  revive  themselves. 

Very  sincerely  yours, 

FRANKLIN  MACVEAGH. 

HON.  S.  "W.  PENNYPACKER, 

President. 


COMMONWEALTH  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 

EXECUTIVE  CHAMBER, 

HARRISBURG,  March  22,  1910. 
MY  DEAR  SIR, 

I  have  pleasure  in  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  your 
kind  communication  of  the  8th  instant,  enclosing  an  invita- 
tion to  attend  the  dinner  to  be  given  at  the  close  of  the 
ceremonies  incident  to  the  opening  of  the  new  hall  of  the 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  on  April  7th,  1910,  and 
have  delayed  reply  in  the  hope  of  being  able  to  arrange  my 
engagements  so  as  to  accept,  but  regret  to  advise  you  that 
an  engagement  made  some  time  ago,  to  be  in  Warren, 
Pennsylvania,  on  the  evening  of  April  6th,  will  prevent 
me  from  returning  to  Philadelphia  in  time  to  attend  the 
dinner. 

Will  you  please  accept  for  yourself  and  express  to  your 
associates  and  the  members  of  the  Historical  Society  my 
appreciation  of  the  courtesy,  and  my  deep  regret  at  not 
being  able  to  be  present. 

With  assurances  of  personal  regard,  I  remain 

Yours  sincerely, 

EDWIN  S.  STUART. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKER, 

President. 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    295 

8,  GROSVKNOR  CRESCENT,  S.  W. 

LONDON,  March  14,  1910. 
DEAR  SIR, 

I  am  greatly  honoured  by  the  invitation  of  the 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.  I  cannot  imagine  any- 
thing that  would  interest  me  more  than  to  be  present,  on 
such  an  occasion,  in  a  community  which,  so  far  as  my  ex- 
perience goes,  has  a  vivid  and  intelligent  knowledge  of  its 
own  great  past  at  least  equal  to  that  of  any  community  in 
modern  days.  I  am  likewise  eager  to  see  the  scenes  of 
those  great  political  and  military  events  which  have  made 
Philadelphia,  and  its  neighborhood  on  land  and  water, 
famous  in  history.  But  I  am  too  old,  and  too  occupied  in 
finishing  up  the  book  which  is  the  task  and  delight  of  my 
life,  and  indeed  at  the  present  time  I  am  not  well  enough, 
for  the  voyage.  I  regret  that  this  must  be  my  answer  to  a 
compliment  which  I  highly  value. 

I  take  this  opportunity  of  acknowledging  the  generous 
assistance  in  the  prosecution  of  my  literary  work  which  I 
have  received  from  public  institutions,  and  private  individ- 
uals, in  your  State  and  City. 

I  remain 

Yours  very  faithfully, 

GEORGE  OTTO  TREVELYAN. 

S.  W.  PENNYPACKER,  ESQ. 


BRITISH  MUSEUM, 
LONDON,  W.  C.,  March  29th,  1910. 

The  Director  and  Principal  Librarian  of  the  British 
Museum  begs  to  thank  the  President  and  Council  of 
the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  courtesy 
of  their  invitation  to  him  to  attend  the  opening  of  the 
new  Hall  of  the  Society  on  April  6th,  and  regrets  that  con- 
ditions of  time  and  space  make  it  impossible  for  him  to  be 
present. 


296    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

HON.  SAMUEL  W.  PENNYPACKBR, 

PRESIDENT  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA, 
I  am   confined   to  my  bed  with  a  severe  cold   and  my 
doctor  refuses  to  allow  me  to  get  up.     Please  accept  the  con- 
gratulations of  the  New  York  Historical  Society  and  express 
my  sincere  regrets  at  my  inability  to  be  with  you. 

SAMUEL  V.  HOFFMAN. 

TOASTS. 

History,  like  Charity,  begins  at  Home, 

Professor  John  Bach  McMaster. 

Other  Commonwealths  beside  Pennsylvania, 

Honorable  Charles  Francis  Adams. 

The  New  York  Historical  Society, 

Mr.  Samuel  Verplanck  Hoffman. 

A  Pennsylvania  Historian  Abroad, 

Professor  Albert  Bushnell  Hart. 

Pennsylvania's  Institution  of  Learning, 

Dr.  Charles  Gustis  Harrison. 

The  Susquehanna  and  its  Associations, 

Honorable  Marlin  E.  Olmsted. 

The  Picturesque  Pennsylvania  German, 

Honorable  William  U.  Hensel. 

The  President  (HoN.  SAMUEL  W.  PENNYPACKER).  Seventy- 
six  years  ago  Granville  Penn,  generous  in  his  favor  to 
this  Society,  presented  to  it  a  plain  gold  ring  containing 
some  of  the  hair  of  William  Penn.  The  council  of  the 
Historical  Society  passed  a  resolution  that,  on  exception- 
ally important  occasions,  the  president  of  the  Society  should 
wear  that  ring.  Wearing  it  upon  this  occasion,  and  con- 
gratulating you  upon  the  success  of  the  demonstration  of 
yesterday,  and  upon  this  delightful  dinner,  and  upon  this 
goodly  assembly  about  your  tables,  I  transfer  the  control  to 
one  of  your  Vice-Presidents,  whose  father  presented  to  the 
Historical  Society  one  of  the  most  valuable  of  its  collections, 
who  has  himself  written  history  of  importance,  who  has 
been  the  minister  from  this  great  nation  to  Austria,  to 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    297 

Russia,  and  to  Germany,  and  who  has  graced  and  added 
dignity  to  every  position  he  has  ever  held,  the  Hon.  Charle- 
magne Tower.  (Applause.) 

The  Toastmaster  (HoN.  CHARLEMAGNE  TOWER).  MR.  PRESI- 
DENT AND  GENTLEMEN  :  The  celebration  which  has  gathered 
you  here  this  evening  is  the  crowning  act  in  the  period 
of  the  foundation  and  of  the  progress  towards  maturity 
of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.  It  is  the  com- 
plete fulfilment  of  the  hopes  of  those  patriotic  and  public- 
spirited  citizens  of  Philadelphia  who  conceived  the  idea 
early  in  the  19th  century  of  making  a  collection  and  main- 
taining the  records  of  documents  which  related  to  William 
Penn,  to  the  foundation  and  development  of  his  Common- 
wealth in  the  forests  of  America,  and  to  the  history  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania.  Their  ambitious  desire 
took  form  at  the  meeting  of  a  handful  of  men  in  the  City  of 
Philadelphia  in  the  year  1824,  at  which  a  resolution  was 
adopted,  that  it  is  expedient  to  form  a  society  "  for  the  pur- 
pose of  investigating  the  history  of  the  state."  It  was  a 
long  look  ahead  from  that  time  until  to-day,  through  the 
struggles  of  the  little  society,  without  books,  without  manu- 
scripts, and  without  a  single  object  with  which  to  begin  a 
historical  collection.  Through  the  eighty  years  of  its  vicis- 
situdes, which  have  been  so  clearly  set  forth  and  enumerated 
by  the  Honorable  President  of  this  Society  in  the  admirable 
address  which  he  delivered  in  this  hall  yesterday  afternoon 
(applause),  from  these  humble  beginnings  we  have  come  to 
see  the  Historical  Society  housed  to-day  in  this  beautiful 
building,  in  which  its  books  and  manuscripts,  its  portraits 
and  engravings,  and  its  precious  collections,  are  safely  stored 
in  spacious  apartments,  and  protected  by  fireproof  walls. 
Many  devoted  students  of  history  have  given  aid  to  the 
Society  in  the  course  of  its  progress,  and  have  lent  a  helping 
hand  towards  its  ultimate  success,  whose  services  ought  not 
to  be  forgotten  upon  an  occasion  of  this  kind,  and  the  names 
of  several  of  whom  it  seems  to  me  should  be  mentioned  to- 


298    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

day :  Roberts  Vaux,  William  Rawle,  Peter  S.  Du  Ponceau, 
John  F.  Watson,  Joshua  Francis  Fisher,  John  Jordan,  Jr., 
John  William  Wallace,  Townsend  Ward,  Brinton  Coxe, 
Dr.  Charles  J.  Stille,  Frederick  D.  Stone,  Charles  R.  Hilde- 
burn ;  and  in  a  later  time  the  Hon.  Samuel  W.  Penny- 
packer,  John  Bach  McMaster,  Dr.  John  W.  Jordan,  and 
John  Frederic  Lewis.  The  Society  to-day  affords  oppor- 
tunities to  hundreds  of  students  who  come  here  to  make 
investigations  and  to  seek  information.  It  opens  its  doors 
to  all  those  who,  either  by  habit  of  thought,  or  from  a  de- 
sire to  examine  the  history  of  the  state  and  of  this  country, 
come  here  as  to  a  fountain  from  which  all  may  drink.  The 
Society  is  able  to  offer  hospitality  within  its  own  domain, 
in  holding  receptions  for  all  of  its  members,  who  number 
now  something  more  than  2,000  persons.  It  would  be  im- 
possible in  the  course  of  an  ordinary  address  to  enumerate 
the  collections  with  which  the  Society  to-day  is  enriched, 
for  it  is  no  longer  a  society  in  the  ordinary  sense  of  the 
word.  It  has  become  a  great  institution,  whose  influence 
goes  out  into  the  world,  quite  beyond  even  the  boundaries 
of  the  United  States,  and  it  is  a  mine  of  wealth  for  the 
student,  the  thinker,  and  the  historian.  Amongst  its  ines- 
timable collections  of  family  documents  the  Society  has  the 
records  of  the  Penns  and  the  Logans,  the  original  manu- 
scripts of  the  families  of  Cadwalader  and  Pemberton,  Till- 
man,  Wayne,  Morris,  Biddle,  Norris,  Wharton,  and  many 
others  who  have  helped  to  make  the  history  of  the  province 
and  of  the  state.  It  has  here  in  this  building  the  original 
charter  of  Philadelphia  of  1691,  and  the  title  deeds  to  the 
province  of  Pennsylvania.  There  are  80,000  bound  volumes 
and  200,000  pamphlets  and  some  5,000  to  6,000  volumes  of 
manuscripts.  Here  are  also  some  thousands  of  volumes  of 
newspapers;  of  Franklin's  Gazette,  an  entire  collection; 
Bradford's  Journal,  and  the  Pennsylvania  Packet,  with 
many  others  of  the  18th  century  in  the  German  and  the 
English  tongue.  There  are  400  publications  from  the  office 
of  Franklin  alone,  many  of  Bradford's  and  Sower's,  and  the 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    299 

Laws  of  the  Colonies,  the  Washingtonia  of  William  S.  Baker, 
and  the  great  autograph  collection  of  Ferdinand  J.  Dreer 
is  contained  in  198  volumes.  The  Society  has  also  the 
wampum  belt  which  was  given  to  William  Penn  at  the 
time  of  his  treaty  with  the  Indians,  which,  after  having 
been  taken  to  England  and  after  having  remained  there 
for  one  hundred  and  fifty  years,  was  brought  again  to 
America  and  presented  by  Granville  Penn  in  1852.  This 
relic  of  itself,  it  seems  to  me,  in  the  history  of  America, 
ought  to  be  classed  with  the  most  precious  souvenirs  of  the 
races  of  the  past  amongst  those  collected  in  the  museums 
of  New  York  and  of  Boston,  and  of  the  City  of  Mexico. 
It  is  with  these  resources,  and  many  others,  that  you  have 
come  here  to-day  to  mark  the  success  of  the  Historical 
Society  at  this  time,  and  to  set  it  upon  its  career  with  right 
provision  for  the  future  in  its  dignity  and  influence  in  the 
community  and  in  its  services  to  the  state.  (Applause.) 

The  Toastmaster.  I  have  the  honor  to  present  to  you 
one  of  our  foremost  historians  and  scholars,  a  professor  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Dr.  John  Bach  McMaster. 

Dr.  McMaster.  MR.  PRESIDENT,  MR.  TOASTMASTER,  AND 
GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  SOCIETY  :  That  gracious  and  altogether 
trustworthy  historian  of  the  adventures  of  Alice  in  Wonder- 
land relates  that  when  she  was  rescued  from  the  pool  of  tears 
into  which  she  had  fallen,  and  looked  around  for  something 
wherewith  to  dry  herself,  finding  nothing,  the  dodo  remarked 
that  the  driest  thing  he  knew  of  was  history,  and  proceeded 
to  read  passages  from  the  work  of  a  standard  British  author. 
I  suppose  it  was  due  to  this  exceedingly  dry,  and  therefore 
highly  inflammable  character  of  history  and  its  ingredients, 
that  this  Society  determined  some  time  ago  to  house  its  col- 
lections in  a  fireproof  building,  a  determination  which  has 
given  us  this  structure  and  has  brought  about  this  occasion, 
which  can,  unhappily,  never  be  historical  because  it  is  not 
dry ;  but  fine  as  our  building  is,  our  new  home,  it  is  no  more 


300    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

than  befits  the  rich  collections  made  possible  by  the  liberal- 
ity and  public  spirit  of  members,  not  a  few  of  whom  have 
gone  before  us.  To  them  we  owe  the  collection  and  hous- 
ing here  of  the  raw  material  of  Pennsylvania  history.  Our 
toast  reminds  us  that  history,  like  charity,  begins  at  home, 
and  surely  there  is  no  place  where  the  historian  at 
present  is  more  needed  than  just  here  at  home.  (Applause.) 
Every  Pennsylvanian  who  takes  any  interest  in  the  doings  or 
the  undoings  of  the  men  of  the  past  time  is  far  more  famil- 
iar with  what  has  taken  place  in  the  nation  at  large  than 
he  is  with  what  has  taken  place  in  his  native  commonwealth. 
It  is  the  history  of  the  United  States,  rather  than  the  his- 
tory of  the  individual  states,  that  has  occupied  the  attention 
of  our  writers,  and  perhaps  it  could  not  have  been  other- 
wise. It  would  not  be  possible  for  any  one  individual  who 
intended  to  use  the  material,  to  bring  together  in  a  lifetime 
the  vast  mass  of  manuscript,  pamphlets,  reports,  journals, 
newspapers,  and  books,  that  great  array  of  material  garnered 
from  ten  thousand  sources  by  this  Society,  and  at  the  same  time 
make  use  of  it  as  a  writer.  Time,  and  a  great  deal  of  time, 
was  necessary  to  collect  it,  but  it  has  been  collected  and  is 
only  waiting  now  the  coming  of  the  master  hand.  His  task 
will  be  no  task  merely  of  taking  for  profit.  It  cannot  be 
properly  done  by  any  subscription  publication.  It  will  not 
be  done  by  any  collaboration  of  writers.  It  will  not  be  done 
by  any  man  who  turns  from  other  tasks  to  take  it  up  in 
moments  of  leisure.  It  will  be  done  by  some  one  who 
comes  to  it  trained  for  his  work,  and  takes  it  up  from  sheer 
love  of  the  work,  and  without  regard  to  time  or  profit,  pur- 
sues it  to  the  end ;  and  what  a  story  it  will  be  when  it  is 
done.  The  more  the  last  century  goes  into  the  past  the 
more  distinctly  does  it  appear  that,  after  all,  the  distinguish- 
ing event,  the  really  great  event  in  it,  is  the  rise,  growth,  and 
development  of  our  country.  Striking  things,  startling 
things  never  to  be  forgotten  were  done  in  every  land,  but  no 
such  thing  as  was  done  here  when  in  the  full  light  of  his- 
tory and  civilization  a  new  nation  was  literally  built  up. 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    301 

(Applause.)  A  little  string  of  half  peopled,  half  impover- 
ished, more  or  less  insignificant  commonwealths,  threw  off 
their  allegiance  and  conquered  their  independence,  organ- 
ized, and  started  out  to  be  a  nation.  In  a  hundred  years 
their  population  had  increased  more  than  twenty  fold. 
They  had  overrun  the  best  part  of  a  great  continent.  They 
had  made  substantial  and  lasting  contributions  to  the  pros- 
perity and  happiness  and  lasting  benefit  of  mankind.  They 
have  shown  so  distinctly  the  wisdom  of  popular  govern- 
ment under  a  written  constitution,  that  their  example  was 
followed  all  around  the  world.  What  part  has  Pennsyl- 
vania had  in  that  nation  building,  and  in  that  astonishing 
progress  and  development  ?  That  is  the  task  which  remains 
to  be  told,  not  the  history  of  Pennsylvania,  but  the  history 
of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania.  When  she  made 
her  first  constitution  there  were  not  on  her  soil  400,000  peo- 
ple. Her  resources  were  unknown  or  undeveloped.  What 
they  are  to-day,  what  has  been  done,  and  what  is  her  condi- 
tion to-day  needs  no  description,  but  the  unfolding  of  that 
story  from  the  primitive  commonwealth  of  1776  to  the  com- 
monwealth as  she  stands  to-day,  is  the  inviting  task  which 
lies  before  any  one  who  will  take  it  up,  and  the  material  for 
it  is  around  us  to-night.  When  that  task  is  done  the  histo- 
rian will  have  told  some  things  which  he  would  perhaps 
prefer  to  have  left  untold,  but  the  worst  that  can  be  said  of 
her  can  be  said  boldly  and  outright,  and  will  be  so  overlaid 
by  the  astonishing  account  of  her  progress,  and  of  the  good 
things  which  she  has  done,  often  in  the  van,  never  in  the 
rear,  always  advancing  with  a  wise  conservation,  always  ani- 
mated by  an  honest  spirit  of  humanitarianism,  that  when 
that  story  is  told  the  picture  which  will  be  left  will  be  one 
of  which  no  son  of  Pennsylvania  need  be  at  all  ashamed. 
(Applause.) 

The  Toastmaster.  GENTLEMEN  :  We  are  honored  by  the 
presence  of  a  gentleman  whose  name  and  whose  services  to 
the  country  as  a  soldier  and  a  statesman  and  a  loyal  Ameri- 


302    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

can  citizen  are  well  known  to  you  all,  who  has  come  here 
from  Massachusetts  to  speak  to  you  to-night  upon  the  sub- 
ject of  other  Commonwealths  besides  Pennsylvania.  I  take 
great  pleasure  in  presenting  to  you  Honorable  Charles 
Francis  Adams,  President  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical 
Society.  (Applause.) 

Hon.  Charles  Francis  Adams.  MR.  PRESIDENT  AND  GENTLE- 
MEN OF  THE  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA  :  I  stand 
before  you  this  evening,  and,  in  what  I  have  to  say,  I 
propose  to  violate  every  known  rule  of  such  occasions.  On 
such  occasions  it  is  customary  I  know  to  do  three  things. 
One  is  to  laud  the  past,  another  is  to  laud  the  present,  and 
the  third  is  to  say  something  off-hand,  as  it  were,  and  I  pro- 
pose to  violate  every  one  of  those  rules.  I  propose  to  find 
fault  with  the  past,  I  propose  to  find  fault  with  the  present, 
and  I  propose  to  read  you  something  of  a  written  speech. 

In  the  first  place  I  stand  here  as  the  president  of  the 
Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  and  let  me  say  that  the 
Massachusetts  Historical  Society  (and  I  say  it  without  lau. 
dation,  I  say  it  simply  as  a  fact)  is,  I  believe  (and  I  have 
looked  into  the  matter  with  some  care),  not  only  the  oldest 
historical  society  on  this  continent,  but  it  is  the  oldest  purely 
historical  society  in  the  world.  (Applause.)  That  more 
than  forty  years  ago,  fifty  years  ago,  as  was  stated  by  our 
president  whom  I  have  succeeded,  Hon.  Robert  C.  Wm- 
throp,  whom  you  all  know,  and  I  looked  into  the  matter, 
and  I  then  found  that  the  statement  that  he  made  was  true, 
that  the  Massachusetts  Society  was  not  only  the  oldest  his- 
torical society  on  this  continent  but  it  was  the  oldest  purely 
historical  society  in  the  world.  But  when  I  looked  into 
that  fact  further,  the  one  thing  that  impressed  me  was  the 
fact  that  the  Massachusetts  Society,  which  was  organized  in 
the  year  1790,  should  have  been  organized  fifty  years  before, 
should  have  been  organized  one  hundred  and  twenty  years 
before,  in  the  days  of  Cotton  Mather  and  those  who  were 
in  possession  of  the  first  records  relating  to  Massachusetts. 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    303 

Meanwhile  what  had  occurred  ?  I  will  say  of  our  ancestors 
that  they  were  utterly  unequal  to  the  occasion.  So  far  from 
preserving  as  they  should  have  preserved  the  records  of  the 
past,  they  neglected  them  in  a  manner  which  was  simply 
shameful.  Take  two  of  the  records,  and  we  have  two 
records  in  Massachusetts  which  are  unequalled,!  believe,  in 
the  history  of  the  world.  If  there  is  any  equal  to  them  it 
is  found  only  in  the  books  of  the  Holy  Testament.  We  had 
there  two  records  of  the  beginning  of  this  country  to  which 
we  now  belong.  They  had  in  them  records  which  were 
equivalent  to  the  Genesis  of  Massachusetts  in  Bradford's 
manuscript.  We  had  the  records  which  were  the  Puritan 
Exodus  from  England,  from  Great  Britain,  and  what  was 
done  with  them  through  four  generations  of  the  human 
kind  ?  They  were  left  where  the  moth  and  rust  did  corrupt, 
where  thieves  broke  in  and  stole.  Fortunately,  by  pure 
good  luck  they  were  preserved.  One  hundred  years  ago  and 
more,  Bradford's  invaluable  manuscript,  known  as  the  log- 
book of  the  Plymouth  colonists,  disappeared  from  the  face 
of  the  earth.  It  was  supposed  to  be  lost.  There  had  been 
no  receptacle  provided  in  Massachusetts.  There  had  been 
no  means  of  preserving  them  either  from  moth  or  rust. 
They  disappeared.  Subsequently  by  pure  good  luck  they 
were  found  in  the  library  of  Lambeth,  and  Bradford  has 
been  preserved  to  us  to-day.  Winthrop's  record  was  left 
where  any  day  fire  could  have  consumed  it,  and  it  remained 
for  our  own  time  to  establish  a  building,  which  was  estab- 
lished within  twenty  years,  where  it  could  be  preserved  from 
the  possibility  of  fire.  That  was  the  record,  so  far  as  the 
past  was  concerned,  for  the  preservation  of  invaluable  his- 
torical documents.  You  here  to-day  have  established  at 
last  a  place  where  those  records  of  the  past  are  preserved  for 
all  time.  Therefore  I  say,  and  I  say  it  without  hesitation, 
and  I  say  it  without  danger  of  contradiction,  that  not  until 
within  the  last  forty  years,  within  the  memory  of  the  present 
generation,  has  any  receptacle  been  established  where  those 
records  of  the  past,  of  which  you  have  here  such  an  invalu- 


304   Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

able  collection,  were  preserved  from  any  possibility  of  loss. 
That  is  the  record  of  the  ancestors.  It  was  a  record  where 
they  showed  they  were  not  equal  to  the  occasion,  and  so  far, 
therefore,  in  that  respect,  from  lauding  the  past  I  simply 
say  to  you,  and  I  say  it  without  danger,  as  I  have  said,  of 
contradiction,  the  past  was  thoroughly  unequal  to  the 
occasion.  That  is  gone.  To-day  we  have  here,  and  I  look 
up  there  and  I  see  in  proof  of  it,  something  which  preserves 
for  the  future  this  record  of  the  past,  which  preserves  it 
beyond  danger  of  loss. 

Now  I  propose  to  turn  and  show,  or  endeavor  to  call 
to  you  in  a  very  serious  spirit,  what  seems  to  me  the  danger 
of  the  future  in  this  respect,  and  it  behooves  us  here  as  rep- 
resentatives of  the  Historical  Society,  to  consider  what  is 
our  mission  in  the  future  as  compared  with  their  mission 
in  the  past.  I  have  referred  to  the  neglect  with  which  our 
ancestors  and  our  fathers  with  absolute  want  of  care  pre- 
served records  which  were  invaluable.  Here  I  come  to 
the  subject  of  the  evening  and  I  approach  it  in  a  very 
serious  spirit.  I  approach  it  in  a  spirit  which  is  hardly 
in  tune  with  an  after-dinner  discussion.  We  have  now  to 
consider  what  the  future  is  to  require,  and  I  would  suggest 
that  we  have  gone  from  one  extreme  to  the  other,  and 
now  I  shall  ask  you  to  bear  with  me  for  a  few  minutes,  and 
I  will  try  not  to  exceed  the  time  allotted  to  me,  in  setting 
forth  to  you  in  a  very  serious  spirit  and  on  a  very  serious 
subject,  what  I  consider  is  the  danger  of  the  future  in 
these  respects,  that  having  had  in  the  past  for  more  than 
two  centuries  shown  an  almost  unpardonable  neglect  of  the 
records  of  the  past,  we  now  come  to  wThat  is  likely  to  be  the 
other  extreme,  the  excessive  care  with  which  we  now  pre- 
serve whatever,  whether  valuable  or  without  any  value  at 
all,  has  come  down  to  us  from  the  past.  From  one  extreme, 
as  I  have  said,  we  have  gone  to  the  other.  The  transforma- 
tion in  this  respect  since  undergone  is  great,  so  great, 
indeed,  that  an  excess  has  perhaps  resulted,  and  it  is  to  that 
that  I  call  your  attention. 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    305 

It  was  in  1794  that  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society 
was  formally  incorporated  by  law,  and  the  number  of  simi- 
lar societies  which  have  since,  and  especially  of  late  years, 
come  or  been  brought  into  existence  on  both  sides  of  the 
Atlantic,  it  would  be  useless  as  well  as  beside  my  purpose 
to  try  to  enumerate.  Suffice  it  to  say,  their  name  also  is 
legion,  and  thus  we  now  find  ourselves  looking  at  the  prob- 
lem from  another  and  wholly  different  point  of  view,  a  point 
of  view  from  which  one  thing  is  clear.  That  thing  it  be- 
hooves, above  all  for  us  who  are  responsible  for  this  organi- 
zation, to  consider  well,  and  to  consider  it  especially  on  such 
an  occasion  as  this.  Clearly  as  respects  such  societies  as 
historical  societies  the  period  of  organization  is  over.  In 
numbers  they  now  manifestly  tend  to  run  into  extremes,  and 
in  that  extreme  is  peril,  for  the  present  tendency  undeniably 
is  towards  the  careful  and  costly  preservation  of  much  in 
no  way  worth  preserving,  and  to  the  printing  of  much  more, 
which,  if  measured  by  its  value,  had  better  never  be  put  in 
type  at  all.  As  a  consequence  our  museums  already  are 
overloaded,  while  the  shelves  and  stacks  of  our  libraries 
wholly  fail  to  supply  room  for  an  accumulation  which  dates 
back  a  century  only.  Such  an  utterance  as  I  am  about 
to  make  may,  especially  on  such  an  occasion  as  this,  jar 
harshly  on  the  ears  of  some,  especially  on  those  of  the  libra- 
rian class,  but  none  the  less  I  venture  a  confident  opinion 
that  the  world  of  scholarship  would  be  in  no  way  appreci- 
ably poorer  if  one  half  and  that  the  larger  half  of  the 
printed  matter  now  accumulated  in  our  public  libraries 
could  to-morrow  be  obliterated  and  swept  clean  out  of  ex- 
istence. (Applause.)  The  useless  accumulation  there  is 
already  terrific.  In  the  future  it  bids  fair  to  be  appalling. 
The  same  is  true  also  of  our  museums,  artistic,  scientific, 
and  archaeological.  The  stolid  indifference  of  the  fathers 
has  passed  in  the  children  into  what  is  little  less  than  a  craze 
for  indiscriminate  preservation.  The  abuse  will,  of  course, 
work  its  own  remedy,  but  not  the  less  for  that  it  is  incum- 
bent on  us,  who  are  responsible  for  the  present  policy  of 
VOL.  xxxiv. — 20 


306    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

these  organizations,  to  take  note  of  the  tendency  that  is  even 
now  calling  loudly  for  reform.  For  myself  I  frankly  admit 
that  I  never  go  into  a  modern  museum  or  glance,  as  at  this 
moment  I  do,  through  the  stacks  of  an  up-to-date  public 
library,  without  reverting  in  my  mind  to  some  notes  of 
Nathaniel  Hawthorne  after  wearisomely  plodding  through 
the  endless  exhibits  of  the  British  Museum — that  was 
in  1855  :  "  Two  whole  generations  of  busy  collectors  and 
accumulators  have  since  lived  and  labored,  and  ceasing 
at  last  to  collect,  have  passed  on.'3  The  British  Museum 
was  in  1855,  speaking  comparatively  with  the  present,  in 
its  infancy.  Hawthorne  was  himself  a  man  of  57,  not  a 
gawking  tourist  but  a  scholar,  an  author,  in  his  way  a 
student  of  books  as  well  as  of  mankind.  After  wandering 
about  at  will  in  the  British  Museum  labyrinths  one 
evening,  worn  out  by  much  sight-seeing,  he  communed  with 
himself;  and  now  I  quote  again  from  Hawthorne :  "  It  is  a 
hopeless,  and  to  me  generally  a  depressing  business,  to  go 
through  an  immense  multifarious  show  like  this.  The  fact 
is  that  the  world  is  accumulating  too  many  materials  for 
knowledge.  We  do  not  recognize  for  rubbish  what  is  really 
rubbish,  and  under  this  head  might  be  reckoned  very  many 
things  one  sees  in  the  British  Museum,  and  as  each  gen- 
eration leaves  its  fragments  and  potsherds  behind  it,  such 
will  finally  be  the  desperate  conclusion  of  the  learned."  He 
then  went  on  to  describe,  in  complete  fatigue  of  body  and 
weariness  of  soul,  how  he  rambled  through  yet  other  cham- 
bers, until  at  last,  breaking  out  in  undisguised  mental  insur- 
rection, he  exclaimed,  "  I  wish  that  the  whole  past  might  be 
swept  away,  and  each  generation  compelled  to  bury  and 
destroy  whatever  it  produced,  before  being  permitted  to 
leave  the  stage.  When  we  quit  a  house  we  are  expected  to 
make  it  clean  for  the  next  occupant.  Why  ought  we  not 
to  leave  a  clean  world  for  the  next  generation  ?"  Then 
finally,  in  a  spirit  of  pure  intellectual  desperation,  he  added, 
"  We  did  not  see  the  library  of  above  half  a  million  of  vol- 
umes, else  I  suppose  I  should  have  found  full  occasion  to 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    307 

wish  that  burned  and  buried  also.  In  truth  the  greater  part 
of  it  is  as  good  as  buried,  so  far  as  readers  are  concerned." 
Myself  a  historical  investigator,  I  in  a  way  heartily  endorse 
this  forcible,  if  somewhat  exaggerated,  suggestion.  The 
crying  need  of  to-day  is  not  for  fresh  and  enlarged  recep- 
tacles, but,  to  use  a  few  long  words,  for  a  wiser  discrimi- 
nation and  a  more  scientific  differentiation.  Moreover,  not 
only  do  we  accumulate  too  much,  but,  regardless  of  cost, 
space,  or  utility,  we  duplicate  these  excessive  accumulations. 
In  this  respect  it  is,  I  confidently  submit,  with  institutions 
much  as  it  is  with  individuals.  In  the  case  of  individuals 
noble  aspirations  and  not  unreasonable  standards  of  vision 
a  century  since,  would  now,  and  most  sensibly,  by  us  be 
considered  Quixotic.  In  1600  Francis  Bacon,  for  instance, 
declared  that  he  took  all  learning  for  his  province,  and  from 
that  day  to  this  the  utterance  has,  in  him,  been  admired, 
but  such  a  purpose,  humanly  speaking  of  possibility  then, 
would  now,  if  in  a  like  way  announced,  be  regarded  as 
mouthing  rhodomontade.  What  is  true  in  this  respect  of 
men  is  true  also  of  organizations  like  this  of  ours.  To 
justify  a  continued  existence  they  must  in  future  differen- 
tiate and  discard  all  thoughts  of  universality,  seek  operation 
in  narrrow  and  more  carefully  selected  fields,  and  full 
recognition  of  this  fact  and  implicit  obedience  to  the  law 
which  therefrom  follows,  are,  I  hold,  essential  to  the  con- 
tinued usefulness  not  only  of  the  society  in  Massachusetts, 
which  I  here  represent,  but  its  sister  societies,  of  which 
this  is  one,  and  of  all  civil  organizations.  Each  must 
take  to  heart  old  Pliny's  maxim,  and  let  the  cobbler 
stick  to  his  last.  In  the  case  of  the  Historical  Society 
of  Pennsylvania  that  field,  most  fortunately  as  it  seems 
to  me,  is  to  a  great  extent  marked  out  in  advance. 
Through  gift,  purchase,  and  exchange,  your  mission 
should  be  to  get  into  the  possession  of  your  organ- 
ization specimens  of  everything  printed  in  Pennsylvania 
since  that  settlement,  especially  journals  and  newspapers. 
The  total  of  titles  so  included  would,  it  is  reasonable  to 


308    Foi^mal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

suppose,  run  into  tens  of  thousands,  a  very  large  proportion 
of  which  you  already  possess.  Slowly  to  complete  the  list, 
at  whatever  sacrifice  of  time,  labor,  and  money,  or  through 
exchange  of  your  fac-simile  reproductions,  should  be  your 
society's  mission  as  well  as  pride,  and  the  value  of  such  a 
collection  once  made  complete,  it  may  truly  be  said  could 
not  be  overestimated.  Your  collection  should  be  made  to 
include  every  book,  periodical,  journal,  or  newspaper  printed 
within  the  specific  area,  all  municipal  documents  and  cor- 
porate reports  of  that  area,  and  every  manuscript  record 
relating  to  it,  judged  worthy  of  preservation,  which  diligent 
search  could  uncover  and  upon  which  hands  can  be  laid, 
and  to  universality  and  completeness  in  this  chosen  field 
other  things  should  be  made  to  give  way.  Space,  money, 
thought,  and  labor,  all  should  be  devoted  to  the  accomplish- 
ment of  one  well  defined  result.  Miscellaneous  literature 
and  collections,  no  matter  how  tempting,  works  of  art  and 
archaeology,  no  matter  how  rare,  both  can  and  surely  will 
find  a  more  appropriate  place  elsewhere,  in  libraries  and 
museums  especially  designed  for  their  reception,  display, 
and  study. 

Looked  at  from  this  point  of  view,  the  situation  needs  to 
be  grasped  in  a  spirit  at  once  large,  comprehensive,  and 
catholic,  for  it  is  a  world- wide  problem,  directly  subject  to 
far-reaching  modern  influences.  It  is,  for  instance,  always 
affected  and  sometimes  revolutionized  by  each  new  develop- 
ment of  steam,  electricity,  or  chemistry.  Everlastingly  sub- 
ject to  these  influences  the  librarian  and  curator  will  in  time 
get  so  far  as  to  realize  that  this  world  of  ours  is,  in  respect 
of  its  accumulations,  passing  out  of  the  book- worm  and 
provincial  phase.  The  period  of  miscellaneous,  accidental 
and  duplicate  collection  is  over,  and  civilization  is  entering 
on  an  epoch  of  collectivism  and  concentration.  Complete- 
ness on  the  one  hand,  and  elimination  of  the  superfluous  on 
the  other,  are  the  two  great  desiderata,  but  to  bring  them 
about  as  results  at  best  will  be  a  very  gradual  and  educa- 
tional process.  The  jackdaw  and  magpie  spirit,  especially 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    309 

in  librarians  and  curators,  cannot  be  exorcised,  and  so  it 
must  be  outgrown.  Once,  however,  it  is  outgrown  and  more 
comprehensive  and  scientific  methods  matured  in  place  of 
this,  the  process  of  accumulation  will  proceed  on  a  carefully 
matured  plan  thereafter  persistently  adhered  to.  It  is  in 
the  power,  and  in  my  judgment,  should  be  the  ambition 
and  the  province  of  the  Pennsylvania  Historical  Society,  to 
contribute  effectively  and  appreciably  towards  bringing  this 
great  result  about.  Should  it  rise  to  an  equality  with  the 
great  occasion,  the  building  you  yesterday  dedicated  will 
prove  monumental.  It  will  be  a  thing  to  boast  no  less  than 
a  repository  and  a  treasure  house.  (Applause.) 

The  Toastmaster.  GENTLEMEN:  We  are  favored  by  the 
presence  of  a  speaker  who  is  not  set  down  to  reply  to  any 
specific  toast,  but  I  am  sure  we  will  welcome  him  all  the 
more,  and  be  happy  to  listen  to  what  he  has  to  say.  I  have 
the  great  pleasure  of  presenting  to  you,  his  Honor,  the  Mayor 
of  Philadelphia. 

Mayor  Reyburn.  MR.  TOASTMASTER  AND  MEMBERS  OF  THE 
PENNSYLVANIA  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  AND  ITS  GUESTS  :  I  had 
no  thought  that  I  would  be  called  upon  even  to  say  a  word. 
I  came  here  to-night  to  sit  down  and  listen,  and  I  have  so 
far,  I  assure  you,  enjoyed  it  beyond  measure.  I  can  say 
that  this  building,  which  is  so  well  adapted  for  its  purposes, 
is  typical  of  this  city,  because  of  its  conservativeness,  and 
its  thoroughness.  Our  city  was  well  thought  out  by  its 
founder,  and  has  been  well  cared  for.  It  has  been  managed 
conservatively.  Its  citizens  are  of  that  character,  and  all 
that  they  do,  when  it  comes  to  be  placed  before  the  world 
and  judged,  is  conservatively  well  done  and  well  thought 
out.  (Applause.)  In  our  progress,  in  our  development  in 
a  commercial  sense,  we  have  made  great  strides,  but  we 
have  also  kept  pace  in  our  societies,  scientific  and  educa- 
tional, equally  with  our  progress  commercially  and  in 
manufacturing.  Our  institutions  for  the  care  of  the  sick 


310    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

are   second   to    none.      We  do   not   claim   that   they  are 
superior,  but  we  do  claim  that  they  are  equal  to  any  that 
exist  anywhere,  and  that  our  hands  are  always  extended  to 
others   that   are  in    distress.      In  other  words,  Penn,  the 
founder  of  this  city,  gave  to  all  men  freedom  of  action, 
gave  them  the  right  to  believe  and  to  think  for  themselves 
and  to  teach  others  to  be  individual  men,  and  so  we  have 
developed  here  this  system  of  government  along  these  lines, 
and  whilst  we  are  slow  sometimes,  yet  we  are  sort  of  old- 
fashioned  and  believe  in  the  early  principles  of  our  written 
constitution,  as  Prof.  McMaster  has   so  ably  said  to  us. 
We  believe  in  the  preservation  of  the  rights  of  man  so  long 
as  he  is  within  the  law,  to  go  where  he  likes,  to  do  as  he 
likes,  to  work  when  he  likes,  and  to  enjoy  himself  in  a 
reasonable  and  right  minded  way.     We  have  been  taught 
this,  and  if  there  is  any  one  thing  that  is  grounded,  I  think 
the  times  that  we  have  gone  through  within  the  last  month 
point  most  distinctly  to  this  state  of  affairs,  that  our  people 
are  really  law  abiding.    (Applause.)    At  no  time  were  there 
any  considerable  numbers  of  them  engaged  in  breaking  the 
law.    I  know  it  has  been  published  all  over  the  country  that 
crowds  became  unmanageable,  but  on  the  very  worst  days 
that  we  had  the  crowds  were  finally  guided  by  the  civil 
authorities  (applause),  and  prevented  by  the  civil  authorities 
from  committing  any  excesses.     Very  little  property  was 
destroyed.     Hardly  a  dollar's  worth  of  property  was  de- 
stroyed outside  of  one  certain  class  which  seemed  to  have 
brought  about  an  antagonism.      All  other  property  was  re- 
spected and  the  rights  of  citizens  were  observed,  and,  as  I 
have  said,  it  is  the  glory  of  our  city  to-day,  that  the  civil 
authorities  protected  and  maintained  order,  and  I  am  proud 
of  it,  not  that  I  am  the  chief  magistrate,  but  that  it  speaks 
for  our  city  and  for  its  people.     (Applause.)     Mr.  Toast- 
master,  I  did  not   expect  to  speak,  and  perhaps   I   have 
spoken  longer  than  I  should,  but  I  believe  in  this  very  con- 
servatism of  our  city.     I  believe  it  means  much  to  our 
government,  to  our  nation,  to  its  progress  and  development 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    311 

along  the  lines  laid  down  by  the  founders  of  our  institu- 
tions, and  our  city  is  one  of  the  great  examples  of  the 
greatness  and  the  clearness  with  which  this  thing  must  be 
pursued.  We  must  never  forget  for  one  moment  the  great 
principles  that  our  forefathers  laid  down  for  us  to  pursue, 
and  pursue  them,  allowing  no  man  nor  no  set  of  men, 
under  whatever  guise  they  may  come,  to  violate  them,  be- 
cause it  means  that  one  set  of  men  are  finally  to  conquer 
and  the  greatness  of  the  whole  and  the  liberties  of  the 
people  are  to  be  destroyed.  Therefore  we  must  consider 
well  and  observe  and  believe  in  these  great  institutions  that 
were  installed  in  our  own  community,  and  then  I  believe 
that  our  progress  and  development  will  go  on  uninter- 
ruptedly for  generations  to  come.  (Applause.) 

The  Toastmaster.  GENTLEMEN  :  The  next  speaker  to  ad- 
dress you  is  an  eminent  scholar,  one  of  our  own  Pennsyl- 
vanians,  who  occupies  the  distinguished  position  of  a  pro- 
fessor at  Harvard  University,  who  has  come  here  this 
evening  to  speak  to  you  upon  a  Pennsylvania  historian 
abroad.  I  have  the  pleasure  of  introducing  to  you  Prof. 
Albert  Bushnell  Hart. 

Professor  Hart.  MR.  TOASTMASTER,  MR.  PRESIDENT,  AND 
GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  PENNSYLVANIA  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY: 
Your  Toastmaster,  in  the  kindness  of  his  heart,  has  ac- 
cepted, I  know  not  from  what  source,  a  statement  that  the 
relator  is  a  Pennsylvania!!.  If  a  Pennsylvanian  it  is  because 
the  aroma  of  that  praise  clings  to  one  a  very  long  time.  I 
feel  that  the  claim  to  be  a  Pennsylvanian  is  one  so  sacred  and 
important,  and  brings  with  it  such  privileges,  that  a  man 
must  at  least  produce  his  census  certificate  upon  such  a 
point.  It  appears  that  in  the  census  of  1900  there  was  an 
individual  named  John  Smith,  who  was  asked  to  fill  out 
one  of  the  census  blanks.  He  sat  down  to  it,  and  with 
very  conscientious  pains  he  produced  the  following  docu- 
ment: "Name,  John  Smith.  Born,  yes.  Sex,  hard-shell 


312    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

Baptist.  Color,  somewhat  pink.  Race,  half-mile  run. 
Length  of  residence,  40  feet  8  inches.  Business,  rotten. 
Conjugal  condition,  hell.  Have  you  lived  here  all  your 
life  ?  Not  yet."  (Applause.) 

Certainly  you  are  people  who  have  lived  here  all  your 
lives  so  far.  I  am  a  Pennsylvanian  who  has  been  very  long 
astray,  and  yet  a  Pennsylvanian,  for  at  the  western  end  of 
this  great  state  there  is  a  county  through  which  runs  the 
peaceful  river  Schenango,  and  on  the  slope  of  that  river  bank 
stood  the  house  where  I  was  born,  with  a  beautiful  view  of 
the  river,  saw-mill,  grist-mill,  and  Erie  and  Pittsburg  Canal, 
across  which  once  a  week  there  passed  with  lightning  ra- 
pidity the  great  event  for  the  whole  countryside,  namely,  the 
arrival  and  departure  of  the  steam  canal-boat.  It  was  a 
quiet  village,  but  a  very  happy  one,  peaceful,  prosperous 
and  eminently  hospitable.  Mr.  Toastmaster,  it  is  fifty  years 
since  I  left  that  village,  yet  it  is  a  pleasure  to  believe  that  I 
am  a  Pennsylvanian  still.  If  a  Pennsylvanian,  however,  it 
comes  about  through  very  indirect  method.  I  have  been 
in  a  quandary  of  late  to  know  precisely  what  state  I  might 
claim,  for  I  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  brought  up  in  Ohio, 
had  part  of  my  education  in  foreign  lands,  am  a  citizen  of 
Massachusetts,  own  property  in  New  Hampshire,  and  to- 
night have  returned  to  my  original  state  and  my  original 
allegiance.  To  be  a  Pennsylvanian  carries  with  it  great 
responsibilities.  A  Pennsylvanian  is  born,  not  made,  and  I 
feel  when  the  compliment  is  paid  to  me  of  associating  me 
with  this  state,  like  a  little  girl  who  was  called  upon  in 
school  to  correct  some  English  sentences,  both  for  sense 
and  for  grammar.  The  two  sentences  were  "She  done  it," 
and  "  The  hen  has  four  legs."  The  sentences  were  cor- 
rected as  follows :  "  The  hen  has  four  legs.  She  did  not 
done  it.  God  done  it." 

Prof.  McMaster  has  spoken,  with  his  accustomed  grace 
and  eloquence,  of  the  service  which  this  commonwealth  has 
rendered  to  the  nation  and  to  mankind.  He  might  well 
have  enlarged  upon  this  topic,  as  I  should  be  glad  to  do 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    313 

were  there  the  opportunity  for  it.  Pennsylvania  has  fur- 
nished the  United  States  with  many  models.  The  first 
community  in  America  in  which  a  written  constitution  was 
formed  with  the  provision  for  self-amendment;  the  first 
community  in  America  to  provide  for  universal  suffrage,  as 
was  done  in  the  election  of  delegates  to  the  Convention  of 
1776;  a  community  which  in  many  respects  during  the 
Colonial  period  was  more  democratic  than  any  of  those 
New  England  states  which  are  so  proud  of  their  democracy. 
Not  only  has  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  suggested  to  other 
parts  of  the  country  forms  of  government  directly  and  indi- 
rectly, but  the  City  of  Philadelphia  has  become  a  light 
known  throughout  all  the  wrorld,  a  real  city,  one  of  the  first, 
though  not  the  first,  to  receive  a  city  charter;  after  the 
Revolution  for  some  time  the  first  city  in  the  Union,  and 
always  a  vigorous,  energetic  and  pushing  city.  We  Penn- 
sylvanians  laugh  in  our  sleeves  at  the  gibes  of  our  neighbors 
about  the  slowness  of  Philadelphia.  I  never  come  to  this 
city,  or  pass  through  it,  without  a  renewed  sense  of  the 
immense  number  of  difficult  things  that  are  being  done 
here  (applause),  the  hard  and  solid  work  of  every  kind 
that  is  performed  by  the  City  of  Philadelphia.  Philadelphia 
has  long  been  a  model  to  other  parts  of  the  world.  For 
instance,  the  first  Raines  Law  Hotels  appear  to  have  been 
created  within  a  very  few  months  after  the  foundation  of 
the  city,  inasmuch  as  it  was  enacted  that  a  good  meal  could 
be  had  for  sixpence,  and  no  one  was  allowed  to  drink  at  a 
public  house  unless  he  was  a  lodger;  a  singular  fact,  that 
more  than  two  centuries  ago  the  City  of  Philadelphia  should 
have  hit  upon  a  device  for  reducing  the  use  of  intoxicating 
liquors,  which  has  been  so  eminently  successful  in  the 
neighboring  City  of  New  York. 

In  the  year  1744  there  appeared  in  this  city  a  gentleman 
(perhaps  none  of  you  remember  him),  Dr.  Alexander 
Hamilton,  of  Annapolis,  who  was  a  physician  on  a  vacation, 
his  fees  permitting  that  recreation.  He  started  off  with  two 
horses  and  his  negro  servant,  and  rode  all  the  way  to  Kit- 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

tery,  Maine,  and  back  again,  and  on  his  way  he  stopped  for 
some  time  in  this  city,  and  hia  records  prove  conclusively 
how  early  the  people  of  Philadelphia  began  to  set  an  ex- 
ample to  other  communities.  It  is  a  very  entertaining  nar- 
rative. It  was  placed  in  my  hands  some  four  or  five  years 
ago  to  edit,  and  there  is  no  other  document  of  the  period  I 
am  acquainted  with  that  gives  such  a  lively  impression  of 
the  various  cities  of  the  Colonies.  Speaking  of  Philadel- 
phia he  says,  "  The  city  in  general  not  paved,  very  dirty  and 
obstructed  with  rubbish  and  lumber,  but  their  frequent 
building  necessitates  that.  The  heat  in  this  city  is  excessive, 
the  sun's  rays  being  reflected  with  such  power  from  brick 
houses  and  from  streets  which  are  paved  with  brick."  It 
appeared  that  there  was  an  epoch  of  high  prices  in  Phila- 
delphia in  1744,  as  appears  from  the  following  extract :  "  In 
this  city  one  may  live  tolerably  cheap  as  to  articles  of  meat 
and  drink,  but  European  goods  here  are  extremely  dear, 
even  goods  of  their  own  make,  such  as  linen  and  lumber, 
bearing  high  prices."  Regarding  the  Philadelphians  them- 
selves Dr.  Hamilton  reports  that  the  people  in  general  are 
inquisitive  concerning  strangers.  If  they  find  one  comes 
there  on  account  of  trade  and  traffic  they  are  fond  of  deal- 
ing with  them  and  cheating  them  if  they  can.  If  he  comes 
for  pleasure  they  take  little  or  no  notice  of  him.  Dr. 
Hamilton,  you  will  observe,  had  come  for  pleasure. 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  you  not  only  have  credited  me  with  be- 
ing a  Pennsylvanian,  you  have  credited  me  with  being  an  his- 
torian. That  is  a  charge  a  little  more  difficult  to  meet.  It 
is  true  that  a  student  of  Harvard  College  was  overheard  by 
the  Dean  of  the  College  some  years  ago  explaining  to  his 
mother  the  relations  of  the  place,  and  he  said,  "  There  is 
nobody  in  this  world  that  has  such  a  cinch  as  a  professor  of 
Harvard  College.  Four  months  in  the  year  they  do  not 
have  to  do  a  thing.  Eight  months  all  they  have  *to  do  is  to 
ait  in  a  chair  and  talk."  It  would  appear,  then,  that  the 
qualifications  for  a  professor  of  history  in  the  college  are 
not  very  extensive.  Nevertheless,  I  am  an  historian  if  an 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    315 

interest  in  the  sources  of  history  may  so  constitute  one,  and 
I  agree  with  the  dictum  of  Addison,  who  said  he  had  heard 
one  of  the  greatest  geniuses  his  age  had  produced,  who  as- 
sured him  that  on  being  appointed  to  search  into  records  he  at 
last  took  incredible  pleasure  in  it.  Mr.  Adams  has  spoken 
with  a  great  deal  of  pith,  as  he  always  speaks,  upon  the 
dangers  of  what  might  be  called  over-specialization  in  docu- 
ments, but  I  think  there  can  hardly  be  one  here  who  does 
not  appreciate  the  intense  pleasure  that  may  be  had  from  a 
study  of  those  records,  which  are  in  themselves  so  cogent 
for  the  discovery  of  new  facts,  possibly  the  dislodging  of  an 
unsuspected  ancestor,  or  the  gaining  of  a  new  view.  I  see 
about  me  here  records  which  ought  to  be  and  will  be  a  de- 
light to  future  generations  and  indeed  it  is  as  James  Rus- 
sell Lowell  said  about  history : 

"  If  you  read  history  all  runs  as  smooth  as  grease, 
Because  then  the  men  ain't  nothing  more  than  idees  ; 
But  come  to  make  it  aa  we  must  to-day, 
The  idees  have  arms  and  legs  and  stop  the  way." 


It  is  after  all  the  purpose  of  history,  and  the  cogency  of 
history  is  that  it  leads  you  back  to  other  men.  History  in 
itself  is  nothing.  That  such  a  building  was  erected,  that 
such  a  bridge  fell,  that  the  lightning  struck  at  such  a  place, 
is  of  no  consequence  to  mankind.  It  is  the  impression  that 
those  events  made  upon  past  generations  that  constitutes  his- 
tory, and  if  interest  in  people  that  have  gone  constitutes  an 
historian,  then,  Mr.  Toastmaster,  I  claim  to  be  an  historian. 
But  I  have  been  spoken  of  as  a  Pennsylvania  historian 
abroad.  I  trust  I  am  no  longer  abroad  in  this  company, 
where  the  hospitality  and  genial  feeling  which  I  experienced 
fifty  years  ago  in  a  little  village  in  Western  Pennsylvania 
is  so  agreeably  repeated,  where  I  feel  a  common  concern 
with  the  gentlemen  of  this  Society.  Indeed,  gentlemen, 
you  compare  very  favorably  with  that  society  whose  distin- 
guished president  has  spoken  of  it  as  the  oldest.  It  is  known 
in  Boston  simply  as  the  Society.  Everybody  knows  what 


316    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

that  is.  It  is  like  a  good  Boston  lady  who  put  No.  57  on 
her  card.  Everybody  knew  that  meant  Beacon  Street.  ISTo 
respectable  person  lived  anywhere  else.  But  I  observe  one 
very  striking  difference  between  the  two  cities  and  the  two 
societies.  In  Pennsylvania  there  are  two  thousand  histo- 

t/ 

rians,  of  whom  the  flower  are  here  assembled.  In  Massa- 
chusetts, with  every  endeavor  for  the  Massachusetts  Histori- 
cal Society,  we  are  able  to  get  together  but  100.  The 
Massachusetts  Societ}',  as  the  president  has  said,  is  the  best 
society  in  the  country.  [Mr.  Adams:  "I  said  an  older 
society,  not  a  better."]  It  is  the  oldest  society  of  the  kind  in 
the  world.  The  Massachusetts  Historical  Society  is  the  sis- 
ter of  Harvard  College,  and  I  was  pained  in  the  long  list  of 
magnificent  gifts  that  had  come  to  this  Society  to  observe 
that  some  had  come  from  graduates  of  Harvard  College, 
who  had  passed  their  own  library  by.  That  is  why  the 
library  of  Harvard  College  is  so  small,  poor  and  weak.  It 
is  because  good  people  that  have  good  things  insist  on  giv- 
ing them  to  the  Penn8}7lvania  Historical  Society  in  order 
that  they  may  be  stored  in  this  building.  In  fact,  when  I 
see  the  number  of  Harvard  people  who  are  possessors  of 
great  libraries  and  who  give  them  elsewhere,  I  am  tempted 
to  think  of  Artemus  Ward's  thanks  to  the  Baldwinsville 
Fire  Department,  who,  he  said,  "  came  gallantly  down  to  our 
house,  under  the  impression  that  there  was  a  conflagration, 
but  kindly  refrained  from  squirting."  Many  times  we  have 
expected  at  Harvard  that  there  would  be  a  conflagration  in 
our  favor,  but  somehow  the  possessors  of  those  treasures 
have  kindly  refrained  from  squirting. 

This  Society  bears  an  honorable  reputation.  Although 
so  much  younger  than  some  that  might  be  mentioned,  it 
bears  an  honorable  reputation  throughout  the  world  for  its 
hospitality  to  searchers.  The  librarian  of  the  Lennox  Li- 
brary, so  a  friend  of  mine  told  me,  once  was  approached 
with  reference  to  a  very  rare  pamphlet.  There  was  only 
one  copy  known,  and  the  searcher  asked  if  he  had  it,  He 
said,  "Yes,  I  have  it."  He  pulled  out  a  drawer,  said, 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    317 

"  There  it  is,"  and  shoved  the  drawer  shut  again.  His 
notion  of  the  Lennox  Library  was  a  place  to  keep  valuable 
documents  away  from  other  people.  The  idea  of  the  libra- 
rian and  the  council  and  officers  of  this  Society  is  and  has 
long  been,  that  your  magnificent  collections  are  here  for  the 
benefit  of  mankind,  and  as  a  student  and  a  searcher  I  beg 
to  thank  you,  sir,  and  this  Society  for  the  invariable  kind- 
ness and  hospitality  with  which  people  from  all  states  and 
all  societies  are  here  welcomed.  I  understand  that  a  young 
member  of  this  Society  is  now  engaged  in  the  enterprise  of 
preparing  a  worthy  edition  of  the  works  of  William  Penn. 
I  understand  that  the  Society  feels  an  interest  in  that  work. 
You  are  not  aware  and  Mr.  Adams  is  not  aware,  although 
it  is  the  case,  that  he  is  going  to  ask  the  Massachusetts  His- 
torical Society  at  the  next  meeting  at  which  he  presides  to 
take  an  interest  also  in  that  work,  which  is  of  such  national 
consequence. 

Now,  gentlemen,  I  thank  you  for  thus  receiving  again 
one  of  your  wandering  brethren.  When  I  am  in  Pennsyl- 
vania I  am  always  a  Pennsylvanian.  I  have  never  been  any- 
thing else.  When  I  am  among  those  who  are  most  inter- 
ested in  history  I  share  with  them  the  conviction  that  that 
is  the  most  absorbing  and  fascinating  subject  there  is  in  the 
world.  In  fact  we  may  say  of  history,  as  we  may  say  of 
historical  societies,  as  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  said  three  centuries 
ago,  "  History  hath  triumphed  over  time,  which  beside  noth- 
ing but  eternity  hath  triumphed  over."  (Applause.) 

The  Toastmaster.  GENTLEMEN:  I  have  the  honor  to 
present  to  you  the  Provost  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, Dr.  Charles  Custis  Harrison. 

Dr.  Harrison.  MR.  TOASTMASTER  AND  GENTLEMEN:  The 
University  of  Pennsylvania  naturally  desires  to  unite  with 
all  other  learned  societies,  and  with  every  thoughtful  citizen, 
in  congratulating  the  Historical  Society  upon  its  new  home, 
where,  with  ample  room,  the  treasures  of  history,  and  all 


318    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

that  relates  to  the  indebtedness  of  the  present  to  the  past 
may  be  in  safe  keeping,  and  guarded  from  fire  risk. 

Perhaps  no  one  knows  better  than  the  historian  himself 
how  hard  it  is  to  ascertain  what  the  truth  is,  or  to  judge  as 
between  conflicting  views;  the  motives  which  have  actu- 
ated men,  their  part  in  affairs,  their  influence  upon  events, 
and,  in  general,  the  trustworthiness  of  their  statements.  It 
requires,  indeed,  a  trained  mind,  free  from  bias  or  prejudice 
to  arrive  at  accurate  judgments. 

In  reading  the  diaries  of  men  or  women  of  prominence 
we  often  feel  that  an  entirely  different  view  is  the  true  one. 
I  can  well  recall  having  been  permitted  to  read  the  record  of 
daily  events  of  an  eminent  lawyer  in  Philadelphia;  but  if 
I  had  been  writing  that  daily  record,  the  account  which 
would  have  been  given  by  me  would  have  been  "  toto  in 
cselo"  different.  It  is  between  such  conflicting  opinions  that 
the  historian  is  obliged  to  discern,  and  here  in  this  noble 
home  of  the  Historical  Society  are  doubtless  to  be  found 
innumerable  records,  dissimilar  in  their  accounts. 

There  is  one  matter  as  to  which  many  of  us  have  cer- 
tainly been  often  in  doubt ;  it  is :  whether  the  man  himself 
— even  the  great  Shakespeare — ever  intended  to  be  inter- 
preted as  his  students  and  commentators  translate  him, — 
whether  their  thoughts  were  actually  his  thoughts,  and  their 
statements  actually  the  guide  of  his  purposes.  Doubtless 
there  is  often  read  into  the  life  and  work  and  writings  of 
men  and  women  very  many  interpretations  of  which  they 
never  thought. 

The  best  that  can  be  said  is  that  such  an  historical  place  as 
this  is  the  treasure-house  of  records  differing  one  from  the 
other,  in  the  study  of  which  the  writer  and  student  must  do 
his  best. 

The  world  is  never  satisfied  with  letting  the  past  alone. 
Every  year,  in  England,  a  lecture  must  be  delivered  upon 
William  Harvey,  the  discoverer  of  the  circulation  of  the 
blood, — with  the  understanding  that  something  new  con- 
cerning Harvey  must  be  forthcoming. 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    319 

A  few  days  ago,  it  was  stated  that  a  new  autograph  of 
Shakespeare  and  certain  facts  concerning  litigation  in  which 
he  was  concerned,  was  the  greatest  literary  "  find"  in  one 
hundred  years;  and,  at  present,  the  unascertained  fact  as  to 
whether  the  Globe  Theatre  stood  upon  one  side  of  the 
street  or  upon  the  other  side  of  the  street,  is  agitating 
Shakespearean  scholars — and  many  others. 

We  had  all  thought  that  we  knew  where  Franklin  was 
born,  and  yet  our  belief  in  what  we  had  been  taught  has 
been  entirely  disturbed  because  our  great  historical  novelist, 
Dr.  Mitchell,  has  recently  informed  the  world  that  Benjamin 
Franklin  was  not  born  in  Boston,  as  the  school  books  tell 
us,  but  that  he  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  in  the  "  seven- 
teenth year  of  his  age  !"  We  may  therefore  look  for  some 
confusion,  and  probably  amicable  dispute,  as  to  his  new 
discovery  and  announcement. 

But  apart  from  the  region  of  theory  or  imagination, — 
unless  there  be  historic  doubts  as  to  the  existence  of  per- 
sonages, such  as  Benjamin  Franklin  or  Robert  Morris,  or 
unless  there  be  doubt  that  it  is  true  that  the  written  word 
remains, — there  are  certain  historical  facts  of  the  first 
importance  in  reference  to  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
to  which,  with  your  permission,  I  may  have  the  honor 
briefly  to  address  myself,  in  response  to  the  invitation  of 
the  Society. 

But  before  making  this  statement,  which  seems  to  me  of 
great  significance  in  obligation,  I  wish  to  refer  to  that  rela- 
tionship between  the  Historical  Society  and  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  which  must  always  be  a  grateful  bond  to 
each,  and  of  which  each  may  well  be  proud.  William 
Rawle,  Esq.,  a  Trustee  of  the  University,  was  your  first 
President,  and  in  his  inaugural  address,  delivered  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  then  at  Ninth  and  Chestnut  Streets, 
he  says  :  "  The  intention  to  form  this  Society  was  unknown 
to  me  until  your  partiality  led  you  to  request  me  to  under- 
take the  office  of  President,  and,  however  unqualified,  I 
have  not  hesitated  to  accept  it.  I  have  been  led  to  this 


320   Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

conclusion  partly  from  the  respect  I  felt  for  those  who 
honored  me  by  the  selection  and  partly  because  I  have  long 
wished  to  see  an  institution  of  this  sort  established  among 
us."  In  concluding  his  discourse,  he  said :  "I  have  only  to 
express  an  ardent  hope  that  this  Society  will  not — like  many 
others — be  marked  only  by  vivacity  of  inception,  apathy  of 
progress,  and  prematureness  of  decay." 

Thomas  Duncan,  also  a  Trustee  of  the  Universitv,  was 

«/ ' 

chosen  Vice-President,  and  Joseph  Hopkinson,  another  Trus- 
tee of  the  University,  was  elected  Corresponding  Secretary. 

And  now,  gentlemen,  as  to  the  honor  due  to  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania  and  its  University.  The  earliest  written 
Constitution  of  Pennsylvania  was  adopted  in  1776,  and  in 
this  Constitution  it  was  provided  that  "  all  useful  learning 
shall  be  duly  encouraged  and  promoted  in  one  or  more 
Universities." 

The  University  of  Pennsylvania  is  that  Seat  of  Learning 
referred  to  in  the  first  Constitution  of  the  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. We  have,  therefore,  the  double  fact  that  this  State 
has  the  honor  above  all  Commonwealths  of  being  the  only 
State  to  write  into  its  first  Constitution  an  obligation  to 
maintain  a  University,  and  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
has  the  distinguished  record  of  being  the  first  University 
to  be  so  related  to  any  State  in  our  Union.  It  is  true  that 
there  are  earlier  College  foundations — no  one  of  us  doubts 
that — but  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  is  the  oldest  of  the 
Universities  in  North  America.  It  was  the  first  to  attach 
to  it  a  Medical  School,  and  that  School  was  founded  in 
1765  by  John  Morgan, — later,  Ph}rsician-in-Chief  to  the 
American  Armies  under  General  Washington.  It  was  the 
first  University  to  establish  law  lectures,  and  those  first  law 
lectures  were  delivered  by  James  Wilson,  Signer  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  and  Signer  of  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States, — the  lectures  being  delivered  in  the 
"  Old  Building"  on  Fourth  Street  near  Arch,  still  the  prop- 
erty of  the  Trustees  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
were  attended  by  General  and  Mrs.  Washington,  Mr.  and 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    321 

Mrs.  Robert  Morris,  the  members  of  the  Congress,  and,  in 
general,  a  very  distinguished  assemblage. 

While  the  impulses  of  our  hearts  naturally  go  out  to  all 
institutions  of  learning,  wheresoever  located,  our  national 
pride,  our  personal  affection,  are  with  the  earliest  of  Uni- 
versities,— the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  It  may  be  that 
the  University  of  Virginia  stands  next  to  it  in  its  traditions, 
but  proud  as  Virginia  is  of  everything  Virginian,  that  Uni- 
versity is  a  far  second  in  her  national  traditions  to  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia 
stand  alone  in  this  regard. 

The  Founders  of  the  Nation — without  whom,  so  far  as 
we  may  justly  conclude,  the  independence  of  this  Nation 
could  not  for  a  time  have  been  secured — were  the  Founders 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  There  were  more  of 
such  men  Signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  than 
can  be  claimed  by  any  of  the  thirteen  original  States. 

Probably  three  men  were  necessary  to  American  Inde- 
pendence at  that  time,  and  those  three  men  were  Washing- 
ton, Franklin,  and  Morris.  Washington  was  a  son  of  no 
University,  but  his  interest  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
is  well  known. 

I  will  read  the  names  of  ten  men, — Founders,  Trustees, 
or  Alumni  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  all  of 
them  Signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  this 
great  audience  may  form  its  own  opinion  as  to  the  heritage 
and  traditions  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  without 
further  suggestion  from  me.  Their  names  are : 

Benjamin  Franklin,  Robert  Morris,  Benjamin  Rush, 
James  Wilson,  George  Clymer,  Thomas  McKean,  William 
Paca,  John  Penn,  James  Smith,  Francis  Hopkinson. 

And  with  your  permission,  may  I  take  one  later  step, 
and  come  to  the  date  of  the  signing  of  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States?  More  Trustees  and  Alumni  of 
"  Pennsylvania"  were  Signers  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  than  can  be  attributed  elsewhere.  Their 
names  are  : 

VOL.  xxxiv. — 21 


322    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

Benjamin  Franklin,  Robert  Morris,  JamesWilson,  Thomas 
Mifflin,  George  Clymer,  Jared  Ingersol. 

Of  the  University's  further  part  in  the  historic  Revolution, 
the  world  knows,  but  there  is  one  incident  which  has  been 
already  graphically  described  by  the  distinguished  historian 
of  Lafayette.  As  Mr.  Tower  has  told  us,  it  was  Tench 
Tilghman,  of  the  Class  of  1761,  College,  the  favorite  Aide- 
de-Camp  of  Washington,  who  was  chosen  by  Washington  to 
bear  his  dispatch  to  the  Congress,  then  at  the  Seat  of  Gov- 
ernment in  Philadelphia,  to  announce  the  surrender  of 
Cornwallis  at  Yorktown.  But  Mr.  Tower  has  told  in  words 
far  choicer  than  I  can  command,  how  young  Tilghman 
aroused  the  sleeping  town  with  the  cry :  "  Cornwallis  is 
taken !"  as  he  galloped  from  the  Gray's  Ferry,  down  the 
unpaved  street  of  this  centre  of  American  history. 

We  are  speaking  of  history,  to-night,  and  not  of  present 
events;  but  I  cannot  conclude  without  asking  your  fair 
judgment  as  to  whether  or  not  the  State  of  Pennsylvania 
has  justified  her  Constitutional  Act  in  1776,  and  whether 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  has  been  true  to  her  ancestry. 

It  is  uncertain,  as  yet,  whether  Columbia  University,  in 
the  City  of  New  York,  or  whether  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania has  the  largest  student-body.  It  is  not  uncertain 
that  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  has  the  most  cosmopol- 
itan student-body  of  any  University  in  the  United  States. 
How  well  it  has  fulfilled  its  work  of  adding  to  the  knowl- 
edge of  the  world,  both  as  to  what  is  unknown  in  nature 
and  what  has  been  forgotten  in  the  history  of  the  race,  need 
not  be  told  here. 

This  is  an  historic  occasion ;  an  occasion  to  which  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania  is  indebted ;  an  occasion  to  which  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  is  indebted ;  an  occasion  to 
which  all  societies  of  similar  purposes  and  all  associations 
of  learned  men  are  indebted. 

The  import  of  the  occasion  may  be  expressed  in  the 
transposition  of  the  indefinite  article  "  a"  to  the  definite 
article  "  the."  It  is  "  The  Historical  Society  of  the  State  of 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    323 

Pennsylvania,"  with  its  home  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia, — 
the  home  and  the  city  with  traditions,  inheritances,  and 
consequent  obligations  descended  upon  us  and  enjoyed  by 
us;  and  in  the  keeping  of  no  like  society,  or  of  no  other 
city  between  the  two  oceans. 

There  is  no  person  in  whose  presence  it  is  more  grateful 
to  refer  to  such  historic  facts  as  have  been  here  briefly 
recounted,  than  in  that  of  the  distinguished  Pennsylvanian 
who  is  the  President  of  the  Historical  Society,  to  whom 
everything  adding  to  the  renown  of  his  native  State  is  a 
matter  of  essential  consequence,  and  deeply  dear  to  his 
heart  and  mind. 

The  Toastmaster.  GENTLEMEN:  I  have  now  the  very 
great  pleasure  of  presenting  to  you  a  distinguished  Pennsyl- 
vania statesman,  who  is  not  only  respected  and  honored  in 
his  own  State,  but  who  has  taken  a  foremost  position  as  a 
representative  of  Pennsylvania  in  the  councils  of  the  Nation, 
in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  and  who  will  address 
you  upon  the  subject  of  "The  Susquehanna  And  Its  Asso- 
ciations," Hon.  Marlin  E.  Olmsted. 

Hon.  Marlin  E.  Olmsted.  MR.  TOASTMASTER  AND  GEN- 
TLEMEN :  Your  assignment  to  me  of  this  toast,  "  The  Sus- 
quehanna and  its  Associations,"  reminds  me  of  a  good  old 
farmer's  wife,  who  having  endeavored  vainly  to  restrain  the 
maternal  instincts  of  a  persistent  hen,  finally  placed  her 
upon  a  hundred  eggs,  saying  "  I  know  she  can't  cover  them, 
but  I  want  to  see  the  old  thing  spread  herself."  The  Sus- 
quehanna and  her  associations  cannot  be  covered  at  one  sit- 
ting. The  first  white  man  to  have  association  with  the 
lower  end  of  the  stream  was  Capt.  John  Smith.  Having 
been  saved  from  the  tomahawk  by  the  intervention  of  a 
lady,  he  tells  us  in  a  book  which  he  published  in  England, 
that  he  explored  the  Susquehanna  from  its  mouth  as  far 
north  as  his  barge  could  proceed  for  the  rocks.  That  must 
have  been,  judging  from  my  own  experience,  about  four 


324    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

miles,  and  yet  from  one  end  of  that  stream  to  the  other 
there  have  been  more  babies  named  after  him  than  after  any 
other  man  save  George  Washington. 

My  own  association  with  that  stream  began  at  the  other 
end.  I  celebrated  my  coming  of  age  with  three  com- 
panions unintentionally  by  spending  the  night  on  the  outer 
edge  of  a  marsh,  on  the  narrow  summit  ridge  of  a  moun- 
tain. When  we  wakened  in  the  morning  we  found  that  the 
water  from  that  marsh  on  one  side  oozed  out  and  trickled 
down  the  hillside  into  the  waters  of  the  Susquehanna,  and 
from  the  other  side  it  reached  the  Allegheny.  There  are 
hundreds  of  such  divides  in  northern  Pennsylvania,  and  one 
barn  from  whose  peaked  roof  the  rain  drops  to  the  Susque- 
hanna from  one  side  and  from  the  other  side  to  the  Alle- 
gheny. There  is  one  farm  of  100  acres  having  three 
springs  whose  waters,  thus  pouring  out  of  the  earth  so 
closely  together,  run  from  one  spring  to  Chesapeake  Bay, 
from  another  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  from  the  third  to 
the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  They  form  the  sources  of  the 
Susquehanna,  the  Allegheny,  and  the  Genesee. 

Now  that  the  cost  of  living  is  so  high,  if  any  of  you  have 
thought  of  turning  to  eels  for  diet,  it  may  interest  you  to 
know  that  although  the  sources  of  these  streams  are  so  inter- 
twined, the  waters  of  the  Susquehanna  and  Genesee  abound 
in  that  article  and  not  one  has  ever  been  found  in  the  Alle- 
gheny. My  present  home  is  upon  the  bank  of  that  magnificent 
river,  which,  flowing  through  some  of  the  fairest  country 
that  God  in  his  goodness  has  vouchsafed  to  man,  between 
banks  studded  with  beautiful  cities  and  innumerable  thriv- 
ing towns  and  villages,  finds  its  way  to  the  sea  unaided  by  a 
single  dollar  of  Congressional  appropriation,  without  even 
honorable  mention  in  the  River  and  Harbor  Bill.  Here 
upon  the  Delaware  you  clamor  for  a  thirty-five  foot  channel. 
The  Allegheny  and  the  Monongahela,  particularly  the  lat- 
ter, have  been  aided  in  their  slack  water  navigation  by  many 
a  Government  dam,  but  the  Government  does  not  seem  to 
consider  the  Susquehanna  worth  a  particle  of  consideration. 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    325 

But  we  do  not  mind  that.  Our  river  is  broader  and  longer 
than  the  Delaware,  but  its  banks  are  not  lined  with 
unsightly  wharves,  docks,  warehouses,  and  other  structures. 
It  is  one  broad,  unfettered  expanse  of  beauty,  not  devoted, 
as  the  Delaware  is,  to  commerce,  but  to  the  esthetic.  Its 
banks  are  not  covered  with  landing  places  for  the  discharge 
of  the  contents  of  scows  and  barges,  but  adorned  by  insti- 
tutions devoted  to  religion,  to  education,  to  culture  and 
refinement,  and  to  the  graceful  dwellings  of  people  who 
value  the  esthetic  and  beautiful  in  nature  more  than  the 
practical  in  commerce.  Our  river  is  broader  and  longer 
than  the  Delaware,  but  the  bottom  is  so  near  the  surface 
as  to  exclude  therefrom  the  navigational  pursuit  of  sor- 
did wealth.  If  I  touch  on  the  river  occasionally  it  will 
be  only  at  its  most  important  parts.  Naturally  I  speak 
of  Harrisburg,  but  before  we  reach  that  point  I  want  to 
suggest  that  there  may  be  gentlemen  in  this  distinguished 
company  to-night  who  do  not  realize  what  a  really  beautiful 
river  that  is.  Draining  about  l-7th  of  New  York,  nearly 
half  of  Pennsylvania  and  a  portion  of  Maryland,  it  flows  its 
420  miles  from  Otsego  Lake  to  Chesapeake  Bay,  through 
some  of  the  most  beautiful,  some  of  the  richest,  some  of  the 
most  romantic,  some  of  the  most  historically  interesting 
portions  of  all  God's  beautiful  creation.  There  is  no  more 
beautiful  country  anywhere  than  at  and  about  Harrisburg, 
and  there  are  many  ties  which  bind  Harrisburg  and  Phila- 
delphia together.  For  instance,  the  elder  John  Harris  came 
from  England  to  Philadelphia  with  only  a  capital  of  sixteen 
guineas,  and  we  are  told  by  a  writer  in  the  Annual  Register 
that  the  nucleus  of  his  future  wealth  was  formed  by  a 
profitable  contract  which  he  made  for  the  pulling  of  stumps 
and  opening  of  streets  in  Philadelphia,  where  he  enjoyed 
the  friendship  and  esteem  of  Edward  Shippen,  its  first 
mayor.  John  Harris's  bones  lie  to-day  upon  the  bank  of 
the  river  near  the  roots  of  the  old  mulberry  tree  to  which  a 
hostile  tribe  of  Indians  tied  him.  They  had  piled  fagots 
about  him,  and  were  circling  about  in  the  death  dance 


326    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

preparatory  to  applying  the  torch,  when  a  friendly  tribe 
came  to  his  rescue,  coming  from  near  the  mouth  of  that 
delightful  tributary  of  the  Susquehanna  upon  which  I  and 
some  other  Harrisburgers  have  their  homes,  that  beautiful 
stream  rejoicing  in  the  classic  name  of  Yellow  Breeches. 
I  read  his  tombstone  no  longer  ago  than  last  Sunday,  and 
it  informs  all  readers  that  John  Harris,  who  lies  buried 
there,  was  the  friend  of  William  Penn,  whose  portrait  we 
have  so  prominent  to-night,  and  the  founder  of  Harris- 
burg,  died  in  the  communion  of  the  Church  of  England. 
That  was  deemed  a  sufficient  epitaph.  John  Harris,  the 
founder,  was  brought  here  when  eleven  months  of  age  from 
Harrisburg  by  his  godly  mother,  all  the  way  over  the  trail 
and  through  the  woods  to  Philadelphia,  to  be  baptized.  It 
must  have  taken  about  three  weeks  to  come  here  and  get 
back  again,  and  the  trip  was  accompanied  by  perils  and 
sacrifices  of  which  we  know  nothing  to-day.  John  Harris, 
the  founder,  was  poetical  and  practical.  He  founded  his 
city  there  because  of  the  great  scenic  beauty,  and  as  well 
because  of  its  advantage  as  a  centre  for  business.  He  had 
such  abiding  faith  in  the  proposition  that  that  was  the  only 
place  where  the  capital  could  be  properly  located,  that 
twenty-five  years  before  the  Legislature  reached  that  con- 
clusion he  had  dedicated  that  admirable  hill  for  the  uses  of 
the  State,  that  hill  upon  which  the  capitol  buildings  are 
now  located,  and  I  may  say  to  you  now  that  we  have  at 
Harrisburg,  and  it  belongs  to  you  as  much  as  it  does  to  us, 
the  finest  State  Capitol  in  this  country  (applause),  and  if 
we  except  the  National  Capitol  at  Washington  it  is  the 
handsomest  and  finest  public  building  in  the  United  States. 
(Applause.)  Notwithstanding  all  that  has  been  said  about 
it,  and  notwithstanding  all  that  has  been  written  about  it, 
and  notwithstanding  all  possible  overcharges  that  may  have 
been  made  by  some  people  who  did  not  dwell  upon  the 
Susquehanna,  it  is  in  proportion  to  its  size  and  character 
the  cheapest  and  least  expensive  public  building  in  the 
United  States.  (Applause.)  Harrisburg  itself  is  growing. 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    327 

It  is  a  wonderful  city,  notwithstanding  the  discriminations 
which  in  time  past  have  been  made  against  it.     Why,  the 
State  herself,  when  she  operated  public  works,  discriminated 
against  Harrisburg  in  a  way  that  in  these  days  of  public 
condemnation  of  transportation  discriminations  and  draw- 
backs seems  perfectly  horrible.    Philadelphia  was  allowed  a 
drawback  of  twenty  cents  a  barrel   on  flour   transported 
from  Pittsburg  here  over  the  public  works,  a  sum  exceeding 
the  total  charge  now  made  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
for  such  transportation.     To  be  perfectly  candid,  the  dis- 
crimination was  not  aimed  so  much  at  Harrisburg  as  at 
Baltimore,  for  it  was  feared  if  it  were  dropped  off'  there  it 
would  be    diverted   to  Baltimore  from  Harrisburg,  and  I 
may  say  to  you  that  if  the  Susquehanna  had  a  thirty-five 
foot  channel  from  Harrisburg  to  Chesapeake  Bay  it  would 
crowd  Philadelphia  very  hard  for  commercial  supremacy, 
and  I  am  not  sure  but  we  would  push  you  off  the  map,  but 
we  are  perfectly  satisfied  with  our  beautiful   city  and  its 
growing  attractiveness.     It  is  now  one  of  the  best  lighted, 
best  paved,  best  kept,  and  best  governed  cities  in  the  coun- 
try, and  more  than  ever  now  it  is  the  worthy  home  of  the 
capital  of  this  great,  proud  Commonwealth,  the  Keystone  in 
the  arch  of  our  great,  glorious,  indestructible  union  of  States. 
The  Susquehanna  and  its  tributaries.     Mr.   Toastmaster, 
a  hundred  historians  have  written  of  them,  a  hundred  poets 
have  sung  of  them.     There  is  no  portion  of  this  land  more 
rich  in  Indian  lore  and  Indian  legend.     No  portion  has  been 
more  frequently  drenched  in  the  blood  shed  by  the  redman's 
murderous  hands.      The   stories  of  Wyoming,  of  Cherry 
Valley,  the  forts  beginning  at  Fort  Hunter  or  Fort  Harris 
at  Harrisburg,  Fort  Hunter  five  miles  up  the  river,  then 
across  and  along  the  Kittatinny  mountains  all  the  way  to 
the  Delaware,  are  significant  of  the  trials,  tribulations  and 
struggles  of  those  early  days.     The  pioneers  of  the  Susque- 
hanna were  stalwart,  hardy,  bold,  intrepid  men,  soldiers  of 
human  progress.     Their  habits  of  frugality,  industry,  econ- 
omy and  thrift  we  might  emulate  to-day,  for  we  are  living 


328    Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

in  an  era  of  unexampled,  untrammelled,  wild  luxury,  ex- 
travagance, and  waste.  Take  the  matter  of  automobiles 
alone.  What  would  those  early  pioneers  think  if  they  were 
told  that  in  the  last  year  there  were  spent  in  this  country 
in  the  purchase,  running,  and  repairing  of  automobiles  more 
than  $250,000,000,  more  than  half  the  enormous  produc- 
tion of  gold  throughout  the  world,  a  sum  greater  than  the 
cost  of  running  all  the  postoffices,  all  the  mail  routes,  and 
all  the  mail  facilities  for  80,000,000  of  people,  a  sum  greater 
than  the  cost  of  maintenance  of  all  the  armies  and  navies 
of  the  United  States.  One  extravagance  leads  to  another. 
The  Associated  Charities  in  Washington,  of  which  the  late 
Justice  Brewer  was  president  when  he  died,  is  now  begging 
for  eight  or  ten  thousand  dollars  which  they  are  short  in 
their  subscriptions  and  the  reason  they  give  is  that  people 
have  spent  so  much  money  for  automobiles  this  year  that 
they  have  been  unable  to  keep  up  their  contributions  to 
charity.  I  mention  this  merely  as  one  instance  of  the  ex- 
travagance of  the  age,  an  extravagance  which  is  national, 
state,  and  individual,  and  is  sure  to  bring  its  results.  You 
of  Philadelphia  have  always  struggled  to  get  to  Harrisburg; 
you  have  sent  us  some  of  your  worst  men,  and  you  have 
sent  a  great  many  of  your  best  whose  society  we  have  very 
much  enjoyed.  They  have  not  all  come  with  the  pride, 
pomp,  and  circumstance  of  Chief  Justice  (afterward  Gov- 
ernor) McKean,  who  when  he  came  there  to  hold  court  ex- 
pected to  be  and  was  met  at  the  outskirts  and  escorted  into 
the  city  by  a  couple  of  hundred  of  our  citizens  of  Harris- 
burg,  and  who  sat  on  the  bench  wearing  a  cocked  hat  and  a 
scarlet  gown.  Later  statesmen  have  been  more  modest. 
Some  years  ago,  in  the  early  days  of  the  Civil  War,  there 
came  to  Harrisburg  a  lad  whose  soul  was  filled  with  patriot- 
ism and  his  heart  fired  with  ambition  to  serve  his  imperiled 
country.  The  city  was  somewhat  overcrowded  at  the  time, 
and  for  want  of  a  better  lodging  he  slept  in  the  portico  of 
the  old  capitol,  its  cold  stone  floor  his  couch,  his  knapsack 
for  a  pillow.  Some  years  after  that  war  you  called  him 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    329 

here  to  be  your  judge.  He  served  you  so  well  and  so 
noticeably  to  the  State  that  the  entire  Commonwealth  called 
him  again  to  Harrisburg,  not  to  give  him  lodging  this  time 
upon  the  outer  porch,  but  to  occupy  the  executive  mansion 
as  Chief  Executive  Officer  of  this  Commonwealth.  (Ap- 
plause.) He  came  at  a  time  when  a  strong  hand  was 
needed  to  check  the  growing  tide  of  questionable  legisla- 
tion. He  did  it.  During  his  four  years  there  was  placed 
upon  the  statute  books  an  unusually  large  number  of  wise 
and  salutary  laws.  More  was  done  for  the  cause  of  com- 
mon schools,  the  cause  of  education,  for  the  cause  of  good 
rule,  and  for  the  preservation  of  law  and  order  throughout 
this  Commonwealth,  than  had  been  done  before  in  any  one 
administration  of  which  I  have  knowledge.  Moreover  he 
served  the  Commonwealth  not  only  in  material  matters  but 
in  others  as  well.  There  is  no  place  where  a  society  like 
this  is  needed  more  than  in  Pennsylvania,  where  too  many 
of  our  citizens  have  been  too  much  given  over  to  money 
making  to  give  proper  time  and  consideration  to  the  con- 
templation and  recording  of  the  deeds  of  worthy  Pennsyl- 
vanians,  who  have  done  what  should  make  them  famous 
throughout  the  State  and  throughout  the  country.  He 
of  whom  I  speak  was  constant  in  bringing  Pennsylvania 
to  the  front  in  every  way,  in  looking  up  her  history,  in 
making  public,  in  giving  due  credit  to  the  notable  deeds 
of  notable  Pennsylvanians,  and  when  you  came  to  select  an 
officer  you  could  not  have  chosen  more  appropriately  or 
better  than  in  selecting  him.  Of  course,  I  refer  to  your 
distinguished  president,  Hon.  Samuel  W.  Pennypacker. 
(Applause.) 

The  Toastmaster.  GENTLEMEN:  The  speaker  who  will 
make  the  last  address  this  evening  is  a  gentleman  known 
to  .you  all,  and  esteemed  by  you  all,  a  typical  and  en- 
lightened Pennsylvanian,  who  will  address  you  upon  the 
picturesque  Pennsylvania  German,  Hon.  William  U.  Hensel. 
(Applause.) 


330   Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

Hon.  William  U.  Hensel :  Wie  gehts,  Mr.  President  and 
beloved  brotherhood  ?  In  a  recent  review  of  the  gaiety  of 
the  early  Puritans  it  is  related  that  a  good  woman  of  Dor- 
chester, in  1688,  making  a  testamentary  disposition  of  her 
wearing  apparel,  enumerated  the  following  articles  :  A  best 
red  kersey  petticoat,  a  sad  gray  kersey  waistcoat,  a  blue 
apron,  a  mulberry  waistcoat,  a  liver  gray  hood,  a  purple 
bonnet,  six  yards  of  red  cloth,  and  a  green  apron.  It  is 
very  much  to  be  feared  that  with  the  passing  of  the  New 
England  farm  this  cheerful  variety  of  raiment  disappeared 
from  its  domestic  landscape.  Owing  to  the  very  scant 
recognition  in  our  imaginative  literature  of  a  highly  inter- 
esting and  important  element  in  the  composite  citizenship 
of  Pennsylvania,  the  picturesque  features  of  its  rural  life  in 
some  sections  are  not  known  to  the  people  generally,  and 
are  too  little  appreciated  by  those  who  are  most  familiar 
with  them.  A  mile  or  two  from  where  I  live  the  other 
evening  I  passed  a  place  on  which  a  spacious  house  is 
painted  an  almost  sentimental  lavender  tint,  the  wagon- 
shed  is  a  rich  orange,  the  barn  a  royal  red,  and  the  pig  pen 
a  delightful  crushed  strawberry.  Across  a  blue  front  gate 
there  leaned  an  Amish  maid  with  a  face  that  fitted  the  per- 
spective of  an  Italian  sky,  covered  by  a  purple  bonnet,  clad 
in  a  red  waist  and  a  green  skirt  with  a  lilac  colored  cape. 
This  recurring  combination  of  local  color  attests  the  pres- 
ence of  one  of  the  many  religious  families  who  make  up 
the  widely  extended  and  greatly  diversified  element  known 
as  the  Pennsylvania  German,  whose  trail  across  the  entire 
continent  is  marked  by  evidences  of  the  quiet,  orderly,  and 
Godly  life  of  industry  and  thrift  through  the  old  dream  of 
Pastorius.  For  two  hundred  years  the  patient  peasant 
folk  have  worn  the  yoke  and  have  followed  the  furrow  of 
their  fathers.  They  are  not  a  passing  people,  but  in  many 
localities  they  have  long  since  plowed  down  the  iron  heel 
of  more  audacious  and  aggressive  races.  Albeit  they  have 
made  and  kept  for  many  rich  counties  of  eastern  Pennsyl- 
vania their  agricultural  pre-eminence,  their  racial  tenacity 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.    331 

of  land,  and  their  application  of  labor  to  its  possibilities, 
have  alike  contributed  wealth  to  the  nation  and  a  sober 
citizenship  to  the  American  commonwealth.  (Applause.) 

I  am  glad  of  this  occasion  to  emphasize  the  failure  of  the 
idealist  with  pen  or  pencil  to  picture  their  life  as  it  really 
exists  and  their  character  as  it  actually  is.  The  most  con- 
spicuous adventurer  into  this  unbroken  ground  for  fiction 
has  approached  the  subject  in  a  spirit  of  hostility  to  and 
not  of  sympathy  with  it.  A  leading  publishing  house  is 
brutally  frank  in  advertising  works  that  portray  the  com- 
mon, sordid,  unlovely  atmosphere  of  a  Pennsylvania  Dutch 
community,  and  an  eminent  reviewer  accepts  them  with 
the  consolation  that  the  facts  of  life  presented  prevail  among 
a  comparatively  limited  number,  composing  a  community 
where  mediaeval  conditions  still  exist.  Indeed,  I  suspect 
that  among  some  of  the  stern  moralists  of  Philadelphia,  and 
some  of  the  still  purer  patriots  of  Pittsburgh,  much  regret 
is  felt  and  some  has  been  expressed  that  an  uncouth  and 
unlovely  race  should  people  and  should  plant  so  much  of 
the  land  intervening  between  these  metropolitan  centres  of 
sweetness  and  of  light.  (Applause.) 

To  him,  however,  who  in  the  love  of  mankind  holds 
communion  with  its  inner  life,  there  is  to  be  found  in  the 
so-called  Pennsylvania  Germans  as  a  people  a  picturesque- 
ness  of  character  that  no  literary  artist  has  yet  fathomed  or 
been  able  to  express.  The  more  aggressive  churchmen 
constitute  the  larger  element,  and  they  have  made  them- 
selves felt  and  understood  through  spokesmen  of  their  own, 
who  with  shield  and  spear  have  defended  and  asserted  the 
rights  and  the  merits  of  their  class,  but  the  literary  methods 
of  dealing  with  the  so-called  plain  people  have  been  more 
those  of  the  surgeon,  who  would  exploit  the  beauty  of  the 
Greek  Venus  by  the  ruthless  processes  of  the  clinic,  or  de- 
monstrate the  splendor  of  the  intellect  by  laying  a  scalpel 
to  the  brain.  The  historic  background  of  that  race  of 
people  who  settled  on  the  Pequa  and  the  Conestoga  is  a 
story  of  religious  prescription,  patient  persistence,  and  toil- 


332        Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building. 

some  achievement,  as  dramatic  as  that  of  the  Quaker  or  the 
Puritan.     (Applause.) 

The  delightful  dogmatism  and  the  conscientious  conserva- 
tism which  impel  them  to  still  sing  the  hymns  of  the  father- 
land and  to  wear  the  garb  of  two  centuries  ago,  make  an 
island  of  refuge  in  a  sea  of  social  giddiness,  tempestuous 
politics,  and  restless  religion.  Is  there  nothing  more  than 
comicality  in  the  fact  that  a  man  deems  it  sinful  to  substi- 
tute buttons  for  hooks  and  eyes  on  his  coat  and  trowsers, 
or  that  women  stake  their  souls'  salvation  on  whether  their 
cap  strings  shall  be  tied  or  let  fly  wild  ?  Has  the  spirit  of 
hair-splitting  scholasticism  and  sectarianism  so  banished 
free  thought  from  the  church  that  there  shall  be  only  sneers 
for  the  intellectual  independence  of  that  sequestered  settle- 
ment in  the  Juniata  Valley  where  four  branches  of  the 
church  are  divided  on  the  vital  question  of  whether  a  man 
may  righteously  wear  any  suspenders,  or  only  one  "  gallus" 
home-made,  or  two  if  of  domestic  product,  or  a  full  pair  of 
mechanical  fabrication  ?  Shall  proud  scholasticism  look  with 
scorn  upon  the  solemn  scene  when  a  minister  of  the  church 
is  to  be  chosen  and  a  score  of  candidates  cast  lots  for  the 
apostolic  succession,  and  one  lives  in  anguish  forever  after- 
ward because  he  was  appointed  to  a  place  he  felt  unfit  to  fill, 
and  another  dies  in  grief  because  the  call  of  fate  did  not 
confirm  his  own  ambition  to  become  a  saviour  of  men? 
Is  there  no  fraternity  among  those  who  refuse  for  religious 
reasons  to  insure  their  barns  or  to  erect  lightning  rods, 
but  contribute  generously  to  the  full  share  of  a  neighbor's 
loss  ?  Are  they  utterly  unmindful  of  the  elementary  prin- 
ciples of  Christian  brotherhood  who  settle  their  disputes  in 
the  church,  and  refuse  to  resist  even  illegal  and  unjust 
demands  at  law  ?  He  or  she  who,  with  real  literary  art, 
shall  depict  the  domestic  life  of  these  people,  will  find  pro- 
fuse picturesqueness  in  manifold  phases  of  it.  Their  thrift 
and  industry,  the  simplicity  of  their  speech,  their  humanity 
to  animal  life,  their  uncomplaining  toil,  their  loyal  affection 
for  the  soil,  are  a  few  aspects  of  their  character  and  habits 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.        333 

which  still  await  the  successful  development  of  the  idealist. 
Their  plain,  comfortable,  and  well  filled  meeting  houses, 
where  the  old  men  sit  on  the  high  benches  and  the  babies 
sleep  peacefully  in  cradles,  or  the  more  picturesque  assem- 
blages for  worship  of  groups  of  families  at  different  houses 
in  turn ;  the  great  love  feasts  in  the  barns  where  under  the 
dim  light  of  lanterns  the  youngsters  crowd  the  balconies  in 
the  haymow,  long  tables  are  spread  on  the  threshing  floor, 
and  bearded  elders  girt  with  towels  officiate  at  the  ceremony 
of  feet-washing ;  the  solemn  funerals,  the  hospitable  entertain- 
ment of  the  hundreds  of  sorrowing  mourners  ;  the  festivities 
of  a  wedding,  when  all-day  marriage  suppers  and  successive 
feasts  discount  the  social  pleasures  of  the  city  cotillion  or 
the  delights  of  the  metropolitan  opera;  these  and  a  few 
other  features  which  the  social  critics  of  their  daily  lives 
have  never  yet  appreciated,  make  up  and  illustrate  a  citizen- 
ship the  retention  of  which  is  a  treasure  to  the  State,  and 
the  extinction  of  which  would  be  an  irreparable  historical 
loss.  (Applause.) 

A  very  notable  figure  in  modern  American  literature, 
and  one  who  if  he  has  not  attained  has  come  perilously 
near  his  own  ideal,  recently  said,  "  My  idea  is  that  a  novel 
should  be  a  reflection  of  the  life  and  manners  it  undertakes 
to  portray.  It  should  be  absolutely  true  in  this  regard,  but 
touched  by  imagination  into  a  form  of  truth.  It  should 
be  so  well  written  that  any  reader  would  be  enthralled  by 
its  story  and  feel  that  he  has  become  a  part  of  its  life  and 
knows  its  characters,  and  it  should  sink  so  deep  into  the 
heart  that  the  reader  should  rise  from  it  with  a  feeling  that 
life  was  worth  living  and  had  work  for  him  to  do."  God 
grant  that  when  some  day  some  man  or  woman  shall  deal 
with  the  picturesque  features  of  the  Pennsylvania  German 
in  this  artistic  spirit,  the  world  of  letters  at  least  may  know 
him  better,  and  may  it  not  be  that  from  out  this  folk  itself 
there  shall  stretch  the  master  hand  to  take  up  the  harp  of 
life  and  so  smite  its  trembling  cords  that  the  music  shall  be 
as  true  as  the  melody  shall  be  tuneful.  (Applause.) 


334     Formal  Opening  of  the  Neiv  Fireproof  Building. 


Guests  of  the  Society. 


Hon.  Charles  Francis  Adams, 

Richard  L.  Austin, 

Louis  S.  Amonson, 

Thomas  P.  Bacon, 

Dr.  Geo.  Fales  Baker, 

H.  F.  Baker, 

Thomas  Willing  Balch, 

Samuel  Bell,  Jr., 

Dr.  Alex.  W.  Biddle, 

John  S.  Bioren, 

Rudolph  Blankenburg, 

Cornelius  Bodine, 

Franklin  I.  Bodine, 

George  I.  Bodine, 

George  I.  Bodine,  Jr., 

Joseph  H.  Brazier, 

Richard  8.  Brock, 

Albert  Brodhead, 

Dr.  M.  G.  Brumbaugh, 

John  Cadwalader, 

Richard  M.  Cadwalader, 

Gordon  S.  Carrigan, 

Hon.  Hampton  L.  Carson, 

J.  H.  Carstairs, 

Joseph  H.  Chubb, 

B.  Frank  Clapp, 

Isaac  H.  Clothier, 

John  H.  Conaway, 

Col.  C.  A.  Converse, 

Dr.  J.  Cardeen  Cooper, 

Dr.  John  Welsh  Croskey, 

Edwin  S.  Dixon, 

William  Drayton, 

George  A.  Elsasser, 

George  Harrison  Fisher, 

Hon.  D.  Newlin  Fell, 

Barr  Ferree, 

8.  B.  Fotterall, 

John  H.  Fow, 

Dr.  L.  Webster  Fox, 

Howard  B.  French, 

Horace  H.  Fritz, 


W.  A.  Glasgow,  Jr., 

John  C.  Groome, 

Chas.  Francis  Gummey, 

William  T.  Gummey, 

Prof.  Albert  Bushnell  Hart, 

Hon.  William  U.  Hensel, 

Samuel  Verplanck  Hoffman, 

Charles  H.  Heustis, 

J.  Warren  Hale, 

Dr.  Charles  Custis  Harrison, 

John  J.  Henderson, 

Stan.  V.  Henkels, 

C.  J.  Hexamer, 

William  G.  Hopper, 

W.  Macpherson  Hornor, 

John  P.  Hutchinson, 

Addison  Button, 

C.  E.  Ingersoll, 

Charles  F.  Jenkins, 

J.  Levering  Jones, 

John  W.  Jordan, 

Gregory  B.  Keen, 

John  F.  Lewis, 

Major  W.  H.  Lambert, 

James  L.  Lardner, 

James  G.  Leiper, 

Lewis  J.  Levick, 

William  S.  Lloyd, 

John  C.  Lowry, 

Clayton  McElroy, 

John  D.  Mcllhenny, 

Prof.  J.  Bach  McMaster, 

Thomas  H.  Marshall, 

Caleb  J.  Milne, 

David  Milne, 

Randal  Morgan, 

Dr.  J.  H.  Musser, 

Dr.  George  W.  Norris, 

Lieut.  Col.  J.  P.  Nicholson, 

Hon.  M.  E.  Olmsted, 

Admiral  E.  C.  Pendleton, 

S.  Davis  Page, 


Formal  Opening  of  the  New  Fireproof  Building.     335 

T.  H.  Hoge  Patterson,  Dr.  James  Tyson, 

George  Pierce,  Hon.  Charlemagne  Tower, 

James  L.  Pt-nnypacker,  John  Thomson, 

Hon.  S.  W.  Penny  packer,  A.  VanRenssaelaer, 

Hon.  William  Potter,  Dr.  C.  H.  Vinton, 

Hon.  W.  P.  Potter,  Hon.  H.  F.  Walton, 

W.  K.  Ramborger,  Samuel  C.  Wells, 

Lieut.  Col.  W.  Brooke  Rawle,  Jos.  R.  Wainwright 

Hon.  John  E.  Reyburn,  T.  Chester  Walbridge, 

Dr.  W.  J.  Roe,  James  V.  Watson, 

A.  S.  W.  Rosenbach,  W.  H.  Wetherill, 

J.  G.  Rosengarten,  Francis  H.  Williams, 

Edward  S.  Say  res,  George  Willing, 

C.  Morton  Smith,  Joseph  R.  Wilson, 

John  T.  Spencer,  W.  C.  Wilson, 

George  Steinman,  Hon.  W.  W.  Wiltbank, 

J.  J.  Sullivan,  Jr.,  Howard  Wood, 

Ernest  Spofford,  Walter  Wood. 


336         General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 


ORDERLY    BOOK    OF   GEN.    JOHN   PETER   GABRIEL 
MUHLENBERG,  MARCH  26-DECEMBER  20,  1777. 

(Continued  from  page  189.) 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  ROXBOROUGH  Aug*  4th  177*7. 

In  the  present  Marching  State  of  the  Army  every  incum- 
brance  proves  very  prejudicial  to  the  service  especially  those 
women  who  are  pregnant  or  have  Children,  are  a  Clog  upon 
every  movement. 

The  Commr  in  Chief  there  fore  earnestly  recommends  it 
to  the  Officers  Commg  Brigades  &  Corps  to  use  every  rea- 
sonable method  in  their  power  to  get  rid  of  all  such  as  are 
not  absolutely  necessary  and  the  Admission  and  Continu- 
ance of  any  who  shall  or  may  have  come  to  the  Army  since 
its  arrival  in  Pensilvania  is  positively  forbidden,  to  which 
point  the  Officers  will  give  particular  attention.  Pay  Rolls 
for  the  Month  of  July  are  to  be  made  out  immediately  and 
Lodg'd  with  the  Paymaster  Gen1  for  Examination  the 
Officers  Commanding  Corps  will  be  answerable  for  the 
Execution  of  this  order. 

A  Gen1  Court  Martial  to  set  tomorrow  morning  at  9 
o'clock  at  or  near  Judge  Lawrences  Quarters  by  Schuylkill 
falls  for  Triyal  of  all  prisoners  as  shall  be  brought  before  it, 
Col°  James  Wood  is  appointed  President  of  this  Court,  the 
Regimental  Surgeons  are  to  send  all  their  Sick  to  the  Gen1 
Hospital  in  Philid*. 

G.  O.  August  5th  1777 

The  Gen1  Court  Martial  Order'd  Yesterday  is  to  set  to- 
morrow Morning  at  9  o'clock  at  Palmers  Tavern  Schuylkill 
falls,  and  all  the  Members  must  attend  without  fail,  a  Serj* 
from  each  Brigade  to  attend  the  Court. 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        337 

B.  0.  Aug*  5th  1777 

The  1st  &  5th  Regts  are  to  find  no  men  for  Guard  this 
Evening  as  they  are  to  be  Mustered  tomorrow  Morning  the 
1st  at  6  &  the  5th  at  8  o'clock,  the  Officers  will  take  care  to 
have  their  Muster  Rolls  ready. 

P.    MUHLENBURGH    B.  G. 

« 

D.  0.  GERMANTOWN  August  6th  1777 

A  Fatigue  party  to  be  immediately  appointed  from  Gen1 
Muhlenburgh  &  Gen1  Weedons  Brigades  to  consist  of  a 
Cap1  a  Sub.,  2  Serf5,,  2  Corps,  and  40  Privates  from  each 
Brigade  to  be  employ'd  in  burying  all  the  filth  in  and  round 
about  the  Encampment  all  the  C.  C.  men  in  each  Brig'  to 
be  immediately  set  to  work  in  filling  up  the  old  Vaults  and 
digging  new  Ones  all  the  filth  round  about  the  Camp  where 
the  Soldiers  have  eas'd  themselves  without  the  Vault  to  be 
taken  up  and  Buried.  The  Comms  Officer  of  the  Fatigue 
Partys  are  to  be  very  faithful  in  cleansing  the  Camp.  There 
is  such  a  stench  arises  on  every  side  of  it  now  as  threatens 
the  passengers  with  immediate  Pestilence.  Gen1  Muhlen- 
burgh &  Gen1  Weedon  are  desired  to  appoint  an  Officer 
from  each  of  their  Brigades  to  Examine  such  Provisions  as 
Officers  refuse  to  take,  that  justice  may  be  done  to  the 
Continent  and  Soldierly.  The  names  of  the  Persons  to  be 
sent  to  the  Commiss7  of  the  division  and  inserted  in  the 
Brigade  Orders,  That  the  Officers  may  know  who  to  apply 
to  when  any  disputes  happens.  The  Gen1  desires  the  troops 
may  be  exercised  twice  aday  Morning  and  Evening  during 
their  stay  here  &  all  the  Officers  to  be  on  the  Parade. 

N.  GREENE  M.  G. 

B.  0.  Aug*  6th  1777 

Agreable  to  Majr  Gen1  Green's  orders  of  this  day  Lieu* 
Woodson  of  the  9th  VirgR  Reg*  is  appointed  to  inspect  such 
Provision  as  may  be  refused  by  the  Officers  belonging  to 
the  Brigade  &  shall  see  that  equal  Justice  be  done  to  the 
Continent  and  Soldierly. 
VOL.  xxxiv. — 22 


338         General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Boole,  7777. 

The  Adjfc  of  the  day  is  to  furnish  the  Comrais7  of  the 
Division  with  a  Copy  of  the  order. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  ROXBORO'  Aug*  6th  1777 

Parole  C.  Sign 

A  board  of  Gen1  Officers  Consisting  of  all  the  Majr  and 
Briff1"  Gen18  in  Camp  is  to  set  tomorrow  at  10  o'clock  in  the 

O  1 

forenoon  at  Gen1  Stephens  Q"  at  Doctr  Smith's  House  near 
the  Schuylkill  falls  to  make  inquiry  why  the  pay  abstracts 
are  not  made  out  regularly  and  Lodg'd  with  the  Paymaster 
Gen1  according  to  orders.  The  pay  abstracts  of  every  Reg* 
and  Corps  of  the  Army  for  the  Month  of  July  and  any  time 
Preceeding  that  month  for  which  they  have  not  been  made 
out  are  to  be  Compleated  and  delivered  to  the  paymaster 
Gen1  by  Monday  next.  The  Officers  Commg  Eegt8  and 
Corps  will  be  answerable  for  the  Execution  of  this  order 
and  every  Officer  that  does  not  deliver  in  his  Abstracts 
punctually  by  the  Time  appointed  may  depend  on  being 
arrested  and  Tried  for  disobedience  of  orders  unless  they 
have  reasons  which  may  render  it  Impracticable  to  any  to 
make  out  and  deliver  their  abstracts  at  that  time,  and  in  that 
case  they  are  to  appear  tomorrow  and  lay  their  reasons 
before  the  above  board  of  Gen1  Officers  if  they  do  not  it  will 
be  taken  for  granted  that  no  such  reasons  exist. 

Joseph  Wood  Esqr  Commissary  Gen1  of  Musters  will  at- 
tend the  same  board  to  assign  the  reasons  why  the  Reg"  and 
Corps  of  the  Army  have  not  been  more  Gen1  Mustered.  The 
Regm1  pay  masters  are  to  apply  immediately  for  warrants 
to  receive  pay  for  their  several  Corps  for  the  Month  of  June. 

As  the  time  is  uncertain  when  the  Army  will  March  but 
may  be  very  soon  and  sudden,  all  Officers  and  Soldiers  are 
to  keep  near  their  Qrts.  and  such  Officers  as  have  had  leave 
to  go  to  Philid*are  to  return  and  none  suffer'd  to  go  thither 
but  upon  very  necessary  business  which  being  finished  they 
are  immediately  to  join  their  respective  Corps.  Whenever 
the  Army  moves  it  will  probably  be  necessary  that  they 
march  with  the  utmost  celerity  the  Tents  therefore  agreable 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        339 

to  former  orders  are  to  be  loaded  in  Waggons  by  themselves 
and  in  such  manner  that  they  may  without  difficulty  keep 
up  with  the  troops  for  the  same  reason  the  Officers  will  take 
with  them  but  a  few  Articles  of  Clothing  such  as  shall  be 
Indispencibly  necessary,  leaving  the  bulk  of  their  Baggage 
to  be  brought  on  After  them,  and  in  order  to  facilitate  the 
March  the  Q.  M.  G.  is  to  provide  empty  waggons  to  carry 
the  mens  Packs,  but  those  packs  are  not  to  be  stufPd  with 
loads  of  useless  Trumpery  as  from  the  Sizes  of  many  there 
is  reason  to  suppose  now  is  the  case  and  the  Officers  are  to 
see  they  are  not  for  which  purpose  the  Commr  in  Chief  most 
earnestly  expects  that  the  Officers  Particularly  inspect  the 
packs  of  their  men  and  select  only  such  articles  as  are  neces- 
sary and  useful  all  the  rest  each  mans  being  rolPd  up  by 
itself  is  to  be  collected  by  the  Qr  Master  of  the  Reg1  and  by 
them  deposited  in  proper  places  to  be  provided  by  the 
Q.  M.  G. 

Pursuant  to  a  resolve  of  Congress  of  the  16th  July  last, 
the  Officers  Comm*  Reg'8  &  Corps  are  desired  that  in  case 
they  have  any  Serjts,  Corp18  Drummers  or  Privates  deem'd 
of  being  incapable  of  doing  Field  duty,  such  men  should  be 
examined  by  the  Director  Gen1  of  the  Hospital  or  some 
other  Physician  or  Surgeon  and  if  Judged  fit  for  Garrison 
duty  they  are  not  to  be  discharged  but  transferred  to  the 
Invalid  Corps,  and  sent  to  Philid*  as  soon  as  possible  Men 
also  having  one  leg  or  one  Arm  each,  if  otherwise  capable 
of  doing  Garrison  duty,  are  to  be  deem'd  proper  recruits  for 
this  Corps. 

A  Gen1  Court  Martial  of  the  Light  Dragoons,  is  to  set 
tomorrow  morning  at  9  o'clock  at  Leech's  Tavern  in  Ger- 
man Town  for  the  Tryal  of  all  Prisoners  belonging  to  any 
of  the  Corps  of  Light  Dragoons,  which  shall  be  brought 
before  them.  Col°  Sheldon  is  appointed  President  of  this 
Court  Col°  Moiland  will  direct  the  several  Quoto's  of  Officers 
for  Members,  which  the  different  Corps  of  Horse  are  to 
furnish,  and  the  judge  advocate  Gen1  will  appoint  a  deputy 
to  attend  the  Court. 


340         General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

G.  0.          HEAD  QUARTERS  GERMAN  TOWN  Aug*  7th  1777 

The  Commg  Officers  of  the  Regts  are  to  consult  with  the 
other  Field  Officers  and  Capts  of  Companies  belonging  to 
their  Reg"  on  what  allowance  of  soap  is  absolutely  necessary 
with  proper  economy  to  keep  the  Soldiery  clean,  a  report 
of  their  Opinion  to  be  made  immediately  to  the  board  of 
Gen1  Officers  to  set  to  day  agreable  to  yesterdays  orders, 
who  are  to  take  the  same  into  Consideration  and  report 
their  Opinion  of  it. 

After  Orders.  Aug4  7th  1777 

The  waggons  with  the  heavy  baggage  of  all  the  Brigades 
are  immediately  to  proceed  to  Correls  ferry  and  wait  on  the 
other  side  for  further  orders,  each  Brig'  is  to  send  a  small 
Guard  with  their  own  Waggons  under  proper  Officers,  the 
whole  to  be  under  the  Commd  of  a  Field  Officer.  The  Wag- 
gons are  to  move  in  the  following  order,  those  of  Ld  Sterlings 
Division  first,  Gen1  Lincolns  next,  Gen1  Stephens  next,  & 
Gen1  Greens  last,  the  boats  are  also  to  move  on  at  the  same 
time.  The  forrage  Master  Gen1  will  take  care  that  forrage 
is  Provided  for  the  teems  upon  their  March  and  at  the 
Ferry.  The  troops  of  the  whole  Line  are  to  be  in  readi- 
ness to  be  reviewed  tomorrow  morning,  at  5  o'clock,  when 
it  is  expected  every  Officer  and  Soldier  not  on  duty  and 
able  will  attend.  The  Troops  are  to  be  drawn  up  on  their 
respective  Brig'  Parades,  it  is  expected  all  the  Waggoners, 
Waggons  &  teems  which  will  remain  in  Camp  will  all  be  in 
their  Places,  that  an  inspection  may  be  had  in  the  condition 
thereof,  this  the  Waggon  Master  Gen1  will  take  care  to  see 

comply'd  with. 

TIM.  PICKERING  A.  G. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  ROXBORO'  Aug*  8th  1777 

Parole.  C.  Sign. 

At  a  Gen1  Court  Martial  held  the  18th  &  19th  Days  of  July 
last,  the  following  Soldiers  was  tried  for  various  Crimes  and 
acquitted.  Viz1  Joseph  Halbut  Serf  in  the  5th  Pennsilv* 


General  Muhlerib erg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        341 

Reg1  was  tried  for  Desertion  but  it  appear'd  to  the  Court, 
that  he  was  intitled  to  the  Benefit  of  the  Pardon  Granted 
by  the  Commr  in  Chief  previous  to  the  Execution  of  Tho" 
Smith  who  was  shot  at  Middle  Brook.  Timothy  Branner 
&  Willm  Smith  6th  Maryland,  Willm  Foster  and  Adam 
Brooks  of  the  10  Yirga  &  Isaac  Proctor  of  the  15th  BT  but 
the  Commr  in  Chief  griev'd  at  the  number  of  the  Offenders 
ever  desirous  of  shewing  Mercy  where  it  is  not  Incompitable 
with  the  Publick  good,  and  hoping  that  his  Clemency  may 
hereafter  have  a  happy  tendancy  to  reclaim  the  Guilty  was 
pleas'd  to  grant  a  Gen1  Pardon,  and  the  Offenders  convicted 
are  hereby  declar'd  to  be  Pardon'd. 

The  following  Sentences  of  the  same  Court  Martial  are 
approved  on  by  the  Commd  in  Chief  Viz*  Capt*  Frusback  of 
Col°  Armonds  Corps  charg'd  first  with  absenting  himself 
without  leave,  2nd  when  being  ordered  to  join  his  Compy 
when  under  Arms  answer'd  he  had  time  enough  &  declin'd 
doing  it,  3rd  when  being  put  under  arrest  made  use  of  bad 
language  and  treated  the  Col°  in  a  manner  unbecoming  an 
Officer,  4th  when  the  Corps  were  ordered  to  March  into 
Amboy,  he  uttered  discontent  loudly  before  the  Soldiers, 
and  wanted  to  know  why  they  return'd  to  Amboy.  Ac- 
quitted of  the  first  and  found  Guilty  of  the  2nd  3rd  &  4tb 
Charges,  and  sentenced  to  be  reprimanded  in  G.  0.  and  to 
ask  Pardon  of  Col°  Armond  in  the  Presence  of  the  Officers 
of  his  Corps. 

The  Commr  in  Chief  wishes  all  Officers  to  be  impress'd 
with  this  truth,  that  nothing  is  more  essential  in  the  Military 
Service  than  an  exact  Subordination  and  ready  obedience  to 
the  Commd  of  Superior  Officers,  that  it  is  this  which  givee 
Life  and  Vigour  to  an  Army,  that  a  Contrary  conduct  must 
clog  and  Impede  every  movement  and  excite  a  Spirit  of  dis- 
content, disobedience  &  Licenciousness  among  the  troops, 
that  in  this  View  the  Conduct  of  Cap*  Frusback  must  be 
deern'd  highly  Criminal  and  of  a  very  dangerous  tendancy. 

Cap*  Clark,  Lieu*  Iliggins,  &  Lieu*  Kinly  of  the  8  Virg* 
Reg*,  and  Cap*  Longdon  of  the  12th  Virg*  Reg*  charg'd  sev- 


342         General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

erally  with  neglect  of  duty  in  not  having  their  mens  Arms 
in  good  order  and  with  disobedience  of  the  G.  0.  relating 
thereto,  Acquitted.  Cap*  Berry,  L*  Myers  &  Ens.  Westfall 
of  the  8th  Yirga  Cap1  Brent  and  Lieu1  Smith  of  the  4th  Virg* 
Reg1  charg'd  severally  with  neglect  of  duty  in  not  having 
their  mens  Arms  in  good  order  and  with  disobedience  of 
G.  0.  relating  thereto,  found  Guilty  and  sentenc'd  to  be 
(L*  Myers  &  Smith)  severally  repremanded  in  G.  0.  The 
Commr  in  Chief  cannot  forbear  to  express  his  astonishment 
at  the  carelessness  of  Officers  in  a  point  of  such  Capital 
Importance  as  this  now  mentioned  and  that  this  carelessness 
too,  should  take  place  after  repeated  and  most  Particular 
Orders  recently  given  to  have  the  Arms  thoroughly  cleaned 
and  put  in  the  best  order,  seeing  their  own  personal  safety, 
that  of  the  Army  and  of  the  Country,  depends  upon  the 
Efficacy  of  Mens  Arms,  'tis  truly  surprising  that  Officers 
can  rest  easy  for  one  hour  when  there  is  the  smallest  proba- 
bility that  they  are  unfit  for  immediate  Action,  whether 
orders  for  examining  and  Cleaning  them  be  given  or  not, 
for  it  is  a  duty  so  obvious  that  the  Officers  of  Regts  and 
Companies  should  see  to  it  themselves  at  all  times  and  not 
oblige  the  Commr  in  Chief  to  attend  to  every  Circumstance 
that  regard  each  Particular  Corps. 

The  Brigade  Commissaries  are  to  attend  this  afternoon  at 
5  o'clock  at  the  Market  house  in  German  Town  to  draw  a 
Gill  of  Vinegar  a  Man  for  their  respective  Brigades. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  ROXBORO'  Aug*  9th  1777 

The  Army  is  to  move  on  slowly  to  Corrells  Ferry  and 
Cross  the  River,  the  March  to  begin  tomorrow  morning  if 
it  should  not  rain  as  early  as  possible.  All  absent  Officers 
not  on  actual  duty  to  be  order'd  to  join  their  respective 
Corps  immediately.  The  Commg  Officers  of  Reg*8  are  to  give 
in  the  names  of  all  such  Absentees  to  his  Brig1  or  Officers 
Commd  his  Brigade  who  is  to  lose  no  time  in  issuing  these 
orders,  for  this  Purpose  all  possible  pains  is  also  to  be  taken 
to  get  the  men  of  each  Reg*  to  it. 


General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        343 

The  Wagon  M.  G.  and  all  those  acting  in  that  Deportment 
under  him  are  to  govern  themselves  agreable  to  the  Rules 
and  Regulations  of  the  Army  Conformable  to  all  Or.  0.  in 
the  Division  and  Brigades  to  which  they  respectively  belong 
and  those  attach'd  to  Brigades  to  be  subject  to  the  verbal 
orders  of  the  Field  Officers  of  the  Brigade  appointed  to  the 
charge  and  direction  of  the  line  of  March  for  the  day,  for 
any  Offence  they  are  to  be  confin'd  to  their  Quarters,  and 
tried  by  such  Court  Martial  as  shall  be  appointed  to  hear 
and  determine  the  same,  if  any  Officer  in  the  department 
misbehaves  either  on  the  March  or  in  Camp,  Complaint  is 
to  be  made  to  the  Field  Officers  Superintending  the  Line  of 
March  for  the  day,  or  to  the  Brigr  or  Majr  Gen1  of  the  Brig9 
or  Division;  either  of  whom  may  order  the  person  to  confine 
himself  to  his  Quarters  as  above.  This  Provision  being 
made  to  keep  Waggon  Masters  to  their  duty  every  Officer 
is  positively  forbidden  to  put  any  of  them  under  Guard  or 
in  the  Provost,  and  the  doing  it  will  assuredly  subject  them 
to  be  tried  by  a  Court  Martial  for  breach  of  Orders. 

The  Names  of  the  Deputy  Waggon  Masters  Gen1  ap- 
pointed to  the  division  of  the  Waggons  of  the  Divisions  to 
be  inserted  in  the  division  orders,  and  those  of  the  Waggon 
Masters  of  Briges  in  Brig6  Orders,  and  those  Officers  to  have 
recourse  to  the  G.  0.  for  the  better  Regulation  of  their 
Conduct. 

For  the  future  the  Commissaries  are  to  Issue  5  Ounces  of 
Soap  for  each  Man  pr  Week  and  if  it  should  ever  happen 
that  they  have  not  soap  to  Issue  they  are  by  no  means  to 
give  money  in  Hew  of  the  Soap  allowed  and  not  drawn  but 
to  reimburse  Comm8  Officers  of  Regts  &  Corps  such  sums 
as  they  shall  have  expended  for  that  Article  for  the  use  ot 
their  Reg*  &  Corps  when  not  to  be  had  at  the  Commissaries 
Stores,  but  in  such  Cases  the  Officers  will  Confine  themselves 
to  the  above  allowance,  and  no  Soldier  on  any  pretence 
shall  be  permitted  to  sell  his  Soap,  but  if  detected  in  doing 
it  shall  be  severely  punished.  This  Ample  allowance  of 
Soap  being  made,  The  Commg  Officers  of  Regt§  &  Corps  will 


344        General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777. 

be  answerable  hence  forward  the  Men  appear  decent  and 
Clean.  No  Officer  having  appear'd  before  the  board  of 
Gen1  Officers  to  shew  Cause  why  the  abstracts  cannot  be 
made  out  agreable  to  G.  0.  it  is  expected  they  will  be  com- 
pleated  and  delivered  to  the  Paymaster  Gen1  by  the  time 
Limited  in  the  G.  0.  of  the  6th  Ins*  and  henceforward  the 
pay  abstracts  are  to  be  regularly  delivered  to  the  Paymaster 
Gen1  on  the  first  Monday  of  every  Month,  for  the  Month 
Preceeding. 

The  Honble  the  Cont1  Congress  have  been  pleas'd  to 
appoint  Willm  Buckannan  Esqr  Commissary  of  Gen1  Pur- 
chases and  Ch"  Stewart  Esqr  Commissary  of  Gen1  Issues  of 
Provisions  for  the  Armies  in  the  service  of  the  United 
States.  Joseph  Trumbull  Esqr  the  late  Commissary  Gen1 
having  declined  serving  in  this  deportment  an}^  longer. 

All  the  Rations  of  the  Army  are  to  be  made  up  to  next 
Monday  in  order  for  a  Settlement  with  the  late  Commissary 
Gern  Trumbull,  Mr  Bates  will  attend  the  Army  constantly 
till  the  whole  are  paid  off,  he  will  take  his  Quarters  as  near 
as  he  can  to  head  Quarters. 

B.  O.  Aug<  9th  1777 

The  Qr  Masters  to  have  Vaults  dug  Immediately  in  some 
convenient  place  Adjacent  to  the  Encampment  no  Soldier 
to  ease  himself  in  or  near  the  Camp  on  any  pretence  what- 
ever but  at  the  places  Affixt  by  the  Qr  Master  by  order  of 
Gen1  Muhlenburgh. 

FRS.  SWAIN  B.  M. 

G.  0.  CAMP  Aug<  10th  1777. 

Complaints  having  been  made  that  certain  Officers  of 
Col°  Whites'  Georgia  Battalion  of  deserters  having  listed 
men  out  of  the  Reg4*  in  the  service  of  the  States  under  the 
pretence  of  their  being  deserters  though  many  of  them  have 
serv'd  faithfully  a  long  time. 

The  Commr  in  Chief  directs  that  the  matter  be  regularly 
enquired  into  for  which  end  the  Comm*  Officers  of  Corps 


General  Muhlerib  erg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        345 

who  have  any  ground  of  Complaint  against  any  of  Col° 
Whites  Officers  the  cause  aforesaid  are  immediately  to  ex- 
hibit their  Complaints  to  their  respective  Brigre  or  Officers 
Commg  their  Brigades  and  they  to  Majr  Gen1  Green  with- 
out delay. 

TIM.  PICKERING,  A.  G. 
B.  0. 

As  it  is  uncertain  how  long  we  shall  remain  in  the  Present 
Encampment  the  Soldiers  are  to  fix  Booths  before  their 
Tents  to  shelter  them  from  the  Heat.  The  Qr  Masters  are 
to  give  directions  Immediately  to  have  Vaults  dug  in  proper 
arid  Convenient  Places  any  Soldier  that  shall  be  detected 
easing  himself  in  any  other  place  than  that  appointed  will 
be  punished. 

G.  O.  CROSS  ROADS  Aug*  11th  1777. 

That  few  Complaints  were  made  for  damage  done  to  fences 
and  other  property  while  the  troops  lay  at  or  near  German 
Town  has  given  much  satisfaction  to  the  well  disposed  In- 
habitant of  that  neighbourhood  and  such  peculiar  pleasure 
to  the  Gen1  that  he  thinks  it  an  act  of  Justice  to  express  his 
approbation  of  their  conduct  in  G.  0.  some  instances  how- 
ever were  not  wanting  of  a  contrary  behaviour  but  the  Gen1 
flatters  himself  that  by  the  unwearied  behaviour  of  the 
Officers,  and  the  good  disposition  of  the  Soldiery  all  abuses 
of  this  kind  will  in  future  be  corrected  and  that  we  shall 
evince  clearly  that  men  that  have  stepped  forth  in  defence 
of  those  rights  which  are  most  dear  and  valuable  to  them- 
selves and  Posterity,  will  not  like  mercenary  hirelings  be 
the  first  to  violate  them.  The  Gen1  possitively  orders  that 
the  Commissary  Gen1  do  provide  and  keep  in  Camp  Spiritu- 
ous Liquors  to  be  Issued  to  the  men  as  the  exigency  of  ser- 
vice shall  require,  and  being  informed  that  one  great  cause 
of  the  Inormous  price  of  this  Article  arises  from  the  im- 
moderate proffit  made  by  the  Sutlers  who  are  thereby 
enabled  to  give  any  price  the  Sellers  please  to  ask  he 
directs  that  each  Brigr  or  Officer  Commg  a  Brig',  appoint  in 


346        General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777. 

his  own  Brigade  a  board  of  Officers  of  at  least  to  Consist  ot 
one  from  each  Reg*  to  examine  into  and  report  this  matter 
to  him,  with  their  Opinion  of  prices  which  the  Sutlers  ought 
to  content  themselves  with  for  the  Capital  articles  they  re- 
tail, when  these  reports  are  receiv'd  by  the  Brigrs  in  manner 
aforesaid  they  are  also  to  meet  and  Consider  them  and  give 
their  opinion  upon  the  matter  to  the  Comrn'  in  Chief. 

It  is  with  infinite  regret  the  Gen1  hears  that  vile  and  abom- 
inate practice  of  desertion  still  prevails  and  therefore  orders 
that  the  Ins*  a  Soldier  is  missing  the  Commg  Officer  of  the 
Corps  to  which  he  belongs  make  report  thereof  to  the  Brigr 
who  is  to  direct  an  immediate  pursuit  the  Offender  to  be 
advertised  and  every  necessary  means  used  that  can  be  de- 
vised to  have  him  apprehended  and  brought  to  Justice. 

Many  light  Dragoon  horses  being  off  their  speed  and  bro- 
ken down  by  the  extream  carlessness  and  wantonness  of  the 
riders,  the  Commr  in  Chief  possitively  orders  that  no  non 
Commd  Officer  or  trooper  in  the  Corps  of  Horse  ever  mount 
his  horse  except  when  on  duty,  nor  leap  nor  Gallop  except 
for  exercise  under  the  direction  of  his  Officer  and  when  the 
service  and  absolute  necessity  require  it,  any  offender  against 
this  order  shall  be  severely  punished,  and  the  Commg  and 
other  Officers  in  each  Corps  of  Horse  are  to  give  the  most 
particular  attention  to  this  point  and  see  that  this  order  be 
always  carefully  observ'd.  Gen1  Conways  Brige  will  in  the 
way  of  exercise  fire  their  blank  catridges  this  afternoon  at 
5  o'clock.  When  the  troops  are  upon  a  long  march  the  En- 
signs are  ever  to  carry  their  colours  furl'd  and  in  case  except 
where  they  are  marching  through  a  Town,  and  then  they 
will  not  display  them  but  by  the  orders  of  the  Brigr  or  Offi- 
cer Commg. 

The  Commr  in  Chief  approves  the  following  sentences  of 
a  Gen1  Court  Martial  held  the  6th  &  7th  Ins1  whereof  Col° 
Wood  was  Presid*  and  orders  them  to  be  put  in  execu- 
tion. Viz1  Lieu*  Smith  of  the  1st  Virga  Reg4  charg'd  with  re- 
fusing to  obey  orders  in  the  face  of  a  Guard,  the  Court  are 
of  opinion  that  L*  Smith  as  he  acted  as  Brige  Major  to  Brigr 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777.        347 

Gen1  Muhlenburgh  was  justifiable  in  refusing  to  obey  the 
orders  given  him  in  the  face  of  a  Guard.  Lieu*  Geo.  Huf- 
nour  charg'd  with  borrowing  money  from  one  of  the  soldiers 
and  messing  %with  the  Col08  servants,  the  Court  acquitted  the 
Prisoner  of  the  charge  of  messing  with  the  Colos  Servants, 
they  sentence  the  Prisoner  to  be  reprimanded  by  the  Col°  of 
the  Reg*  he  belongs  to  for  borrowing  money  of  one  of  the 
soldiers.  Ensign  Rob*  Grigg  of  Col°  Stewarts  Reg*  charg'd 
with  going  to  the  4th  Pennsylv*  Reg*  and  drinking  with 
Serjts  and  Privates,  the  Court  are  of  Opinion  the  Prisoner  is 
Guilty  of  the  charge  and  sentenced  him  to  be  Cashired. 
L*  Ambrose  Cream  of  Col°  Stewarts  Reg*  charg'd  with  diso- 
bedience of  Col°  Stewarts  orders,  the  Court  are  of  opinion 
the  Prisoner  is  Guilty  of  the  charge,  but  on  account  of  the 
orders  being  vague  and  uncertain  do  sentence  him  to  be 
reprimanded  in  G.  0. 

The  Commr  in  Chief  had  lately  an  occasion  to  remark  in 
G.  O.  the  Criminality  and  dangerous  tendency  of  disobe- 
dience of  Orders,  and  disregard  to  that  subordination  which 
ought  ever  to  be  established  in  an  Army.  In  proportion  as 
Obedience  and  Subordination  is  wanting,  confusion  and  mis- 
chief must  take  place  L*  Cream  is  deserving  of  censure  and 
the  Gen1  orders  refused  to  merit  his  particular  attention, 
cavelling  at  orders  and  asking  indirect  Questions  concern- 
ing them  is  not  a  proper  way  to  come  at  a  full  explana- 
tion of  them  but  leads  to  altercation  and  such  consequences 
as  have  taken  place  in  the  present  Instance. 

Ensign  Made  of  the  14  Virga  Reg*  charg'd  with  disobe- 
dience of  orders  in  quitting  his  division  without  leave  the 
Court  do  unanimously  acquit  the  Prisoner  of  the  charge 
laid  against  him.  Cap*  Hawkins  charg'd  with  making  a 
false  return  ot  the.  men  inlisted  by  him  and  also  returning 
Ensign  Phillips  a  Soldier  inlisted  by  him  as  a  Private,  the 
Court  acquitted  him  of  the  charge  of  making  a  false  return 
of  the  number  of  men  recruited,  and  are  of  Opinion  that 
Cap*  Hawkins  had  a  right  to  enlist  Ensign  Phillips  as  a 
private  and  return  him  as  such. 


348        General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

The  Gen1  Court  Martial  of  which  Col°  Wood  was  Presi- 
dent is  Desolv'd.  A  Gen1  Court  Martial  is  to  set  at  11 
o'clock  this  forenoon  near  the  place  where  the  Provost 
Guard  is  kept  by  Gen1  Maxwell's  Encampment  and  not  far 
from  Head  Quarters  the  members  are  to  be  warned  with 
the  utmost  despatch  and  they  are  to  attend  precisely  at  the 
Hour  mentioned,  all  witnesses  are  to  attend,  Col°  Spencer 
is  appointed  Presid*  of  the  Court. 

B.  O.  Aug* 12th  1777. 

A  Court  of  Officers  to  set  today  at  10  o'clock  who  are  to 
examine  and  report  their  opinion  of  prices,  which  the  Sut- 
lers ought  to  content  themselves  with  for  the  Capital  Arti- 
cles they  retail  agreeable  to  Gen1  orders  of  yesterday. 

COL°  PARKER  Presid*. 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Aug<  12th  1777 

The  Commr  in  Chief  is  pleas'd  to  approve  the  following 
Sentances  of  a  Gen1  Court  Martial  held  Yesterday  whereof 
Col°  Spencer  was  President  Viz*  Francis  Broadigan  of  the 
German  Reg*  charg'd  with  deserting  from  his  post  when  on 
Gentry  with  his  arms  accoutriments  and  Clothing  to  the 
Enemy  and  enlisting  himself  with  them,  the  Court  consid- 
ering the  Circumstances  of  the  Prisoners  case  are  of  opinion 
he  should  receive  the  Benefit  of  His  Excell7  Gen1  Washing- 
tons  Pardon  to  deserters  and  be  sent  to  the  German  Bat- 
talion to  serve  the  time  he  inlisted  for. 

The  Comm*  in  Chief  orders  the  foregoing  sentance  to  be 
put  in  execution  immediately  and  that  all  henceforward  as 
soon  as  the  sentence  of  a  Court  Martial  are  approv'd  the 
Officer  whose  duty  it  is  shall  send  for  the  Prisoner  and 
cause  the  sentences  respecting  them  to  be  executed  without 
delay  as  the  situation  of  the  Army  will  admit  of  it.  The 
Majr  Gen1  are  to  Consult  their  Brigadiers  and  Commg  Offi- 
cers of  Corps  in  their  respective  divisions  and  fit  up  as  many 
Armorours  as  are  sufficient  to  keep  the  Arms  of  their 
divisions  in  repair  and  to  see  that  one  or  two  (if  necessary) 


General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.         349 

travelling  forges  are  provided  for  this  purpose  in  their  re- 
spective divisions.  In  making  Provision  for  this  Business 
it  may  not  be  unnecessary  to  consult  Col°  Benjn  Flowers, 
Oommissy  Gen1  of  Military  Stores  &  Mr  Tho8  Butler  Cont1 
Armorour  on  the  means  proper  for  it,  it  is  hoped  each 
division  can  furnish  its  own  Armorours. 

The  Gen1  does  in  very  strong  terms  request  that  the 
Brig"  will  confine  every  Regim1  Q.  M.  of  their  respective 
Brigades  who  neglect  to  have  proper  necessarys  erected  for 
the  Conveniency  of  the  men,  at  any  encampment  of  more 
than  one  Nights  Continuance  and  who  does  riot  cause  all 
Offel  to  be  buried,  the  neglect  of  this  in  some  part  of  our 
encampment  near  the  falls  of  Schuylkill  occasioned  it  to 
become  a  public  nusence  and  is  a  public  reproach  to  the 
great  discredit  of  the  Army  which  in  fact  is  not  less  Injured 
in  point  of  Health  and  reputation  by  such  uncleanliness 
and  Offencive  smells.  These  necessaries  in  a  single  line  of 
encampment  are  always  to  be  in  the  Hear  and  regular  and 
not  dug  at  the  will  and  pleasure  of  every  Camp  Colour  men 
many  of  whom  have  placed  them  most  indecently  they  are 
also  to  be  covered  with  Bows  and  Bushes  when  the  places 
are  mark'd  out  by  the  Qr  Master  it  is  expected  this  order 
will  be  invariably  adhared  to  without  need  of  repetition. 

B.  0.  .  August  12th  1777 

A  Court  of  enquiry  to  set  tomorrow  morning  at  10 
o'clock  at  Col°  Matthews  Tent  to  examine  and  state  the 
facts  Cap^  Crump's  charg'd  with  by  L*  Smith  both  of  the 
1«*  Yirga  Reg'  the  Court  is  to  be  compos'd  of  two  Cap*  from 

each  Reg* 

COL°  MATTHEWS  Presid* 

G.  O.      HEAD  QUARTERS  NEAR  CROSS  ROADS  Aug'  13th  1777 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow     .     .     .         Greene, 

Brigr Muhlenburgh, 

Field  Officers  Col'  Patton  &  L*  Col°  Butler, 
Brig*  Majr Swaine. 


350         General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

The  officers  of  the  day  will  Consider  of  the  Necessary 
Guards  to  be  posted  in  this  Place  and  attend  to  the  order 
and  discipline  of  the  Camp  agreable  to  the  orders  of  the 
5th  Jane.  The  Gen1  Requests  the  Officers  of  the  day  to  dine 
at  head  Quarters  as  usual.  The  Brigrs  or  Officers  Commg 
Brigades  are  at  orderly  time  tomorrow  to  return  a  list  of  all 
the  Absent  Officers  in  their  respective  Corps  to  the  Adj* 
Gen1  in  doing  this  the  name  and  Eank  of  the  Officers  are  to 
be  set  forth  how  long  they  have  been  absent  whether  they 
are  upon  duty  and  what  duty  or  on  Furlough  and  the  length 
of  the  time  for  which  their  Furloughs  was  given,  A  Strict 
Compliance  with  this  order  is  Expected. 

The  Qr  Masters  &  Waggon  Masters  Gen1  are  now  to 
arrange  all  matters  in  their  respective  departments  in  the 
best  manner  possible  and  be  ready  to  move  on  the  shortest 
Notice  in  whatever  Rout  the  Army  may  be  caird  to  March. 

The  board  of  Gen1  Officers  held  the  12  Ins*  to  examine 
the  complaints  made  against  Col°  Jn°  White  and  other  Offi- 
cers of  the  Georgia  Battalion  for  inlisting  some  men  out  of 
the  Cont1  Army  who  are  already  inlisted  in  other  Regtg. 
Reports  that  upon  the  fullest  enquiry  there  does  not  appear 
the  least  imputation  against  Col°  White  nor  against  any  of 
his  Officers  exceptg  the  Instance  of  Cap*  Lucar,  who  supposed 
him  Authorized  (in)  The  matter  complained  of  by  a  Gen1 
order  from  Majr  Gen1  Gates  issued  by  the  Town  Majors. 

All  Officers  from  whose  Corps  it  is  suspected  any  men 
have  deserted  and  Inlisted  into  Col°  Whites  Battalion  are 
immediately  to  make  out  lists  of  their  Names  with  proper 
descriptions  of  their  person  and  dress  and  deliver  them  to 
their  Brig"  or  Officers  Comm*  their  Brig6  who  will  then 
immediately  send  a  sub.  Officer  to  Philid*  to  examine  Col° 
Whites  Battalion  agreable  to  his  request  who  will  deliver 
up  their  Deserters  if  any  should  be  found  in  his  Corps  their 
Officers  will  at  the  same  time  apply  to  the  Officers  Commg 
the  Gallies  and  other  vessels  of  War  at  Philid*  and  below 
the  City  for  leave  to  search  their  Vessels  for  Deserters  and 
they  are  desired  to  permit  such  search  accordingly. 


General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.         351 

Two  Sober  honest  Lads  who  are  to  talk  French  are  to  be 
sent  to  head  Quarters  this  afternoon  at  6  o'clock  Gen1  Muh- 
lenburgh  will  send  one  from  his  Brigade  and  Gen1  Scott  an- 
other if  to  be  found  in  their  Brigades. 

One  Orderly  Serj*  from  each  Brigade  to  be  sent  to  head 
Quarters  forthwith. 

D.  O.  CAMP  CROSS  ROADS  Aug*  13th  1777 

A  Court  of  enquiry  to  set  tomorrow  morning  whereot 
Col°  Stephens  is  President  to  examine  into  a  Complaint 
made  by  Mr  Vanderslice  a  "Waggon  Master  against  L*  Col° 
Davis  of  the  5th  Virga  Reg1  for  striking  and  abusing  him,  the 
state  of  the  matter  to  be  reported  at  large  that  his  Excell7 
who  orders  this  Court  may  judge  who  is  the  Agressor. 

Gen1  Muhlenburgh  is  requested  to  order  a  Guard  over 
Mr  Millers  Oats  to  consist  of  a  Serg*  and  10  men.  The 
Commg  Officers  of  Regts  to  make  a  return  of  all  the  Armor- 
ours  in  their  Regts  as  soon  as  possible. 

One  L*  Col°  and  2  Majors  from  Gen1  Muhlenburghs 
Brig'  for  the  above  Court  to  set  at  9  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing. Officers  for  the  Court  Lt.  Col°  Sayers  Majors  Ballard 
&  Joynes. 

B.  O.  Aug*  14th  1777. 

The  whole  Brigade  to  Parade  this  afternoon  at  5  o'clock 
in  the  Field  in  the  Rear  of  the  Encampment  to  perform 
the  Evolutions.  Cap*  Scott  will  be  kind  enough  to  Exercise 
the  Brigade,  Chs  Moseb}T  is  appointed  Conducter  of  the  Wag- 
gons belonging  to  the  Brigade  Thos  Thackum  &  George 
Lloyd  Sub.  Conducters. 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Aug'  14th  1777. 

Parole,  Holland,  C.  Sign  Swaine  &  Danberry 

Majr  Gen1  for  Tomorrow     .     Ld  Sterling 

Brigr Maxwell 

Field  Officers,  Col°  Cook  &  L<  Col°  Innis 
Brigade  Major       .     .     .     Wetherspoon 


352         General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

A  Court  of  Gen1  Officers  consisting  of  all  the  Gen1  Officers 
not  on  duty  to  set  tomorrow  at  11  o'clock  in  the  Forenoon, 

• 

at  Gen1  Greens  Quarters  for  the  Purpose  of  settling  the 
Rank  of  all  the  Pensilvania  Field  Officers. 


G.  0.  Aug'  15th  1777. 

Parole,  Edinborough,       C.  $.,  Glascow  &  Berwick, 
Majr  Gen1  Tomorrow     .     .     .    Stephens, 

Brigr Wood  ford, 

Field  Officer    .    L'  Col°  Connor  &  Heath, 
Brigade  Major     ....          .       Day. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Aug'  16th  1777. 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow       .     .     .     Greene, 

Brig' Wayne, 

Field  Officers     L'  Col°  Davis  &  I/  Col°  Grier, 
Brig*  Major Harper. 

STANDING    REGULATIONS. 

1st.  When  the  Army  is  to  March  the  General  &  not  the 
Revellee  is  to  beat. 

2nd.  At  the  Beating  of  the  Gen1  the  Officers  and  Soldiers 
are  to  dress  and  prepare  themselves  for  the  March  packing 
up  and  loading  their  Waggons. 

3rd.  At  the  beating  of  the  Troop  they  are  to  strike  all 
their  Tents  and  put  them  in  the  Waggon.  All  the  Waggons 
to  be  sent  with  the  Guard  directed  in  the  After  orders  of  the 
4th  July  to  the  place  where  the  whole  Army  is  to  Assemble. 

4th.  In  due  time  at  least  a  Quarter  of  an  hour  before  the 
time  appointed  for  marching  the  Drummers  are  to  beat  a 
March  upon  which  the  troops  are  to  march  out  and  form  at 
the  head  of  their  Encampment,  the  files  to  be  compleated 
and  the  Battalion  to  be  properly  told  off.  Precisely  at  the 
Hour  appointed  for  Marching  the  drummers  beat  the  march 
a  second  time  at  that  part  of  the  Line  where  the  march  is  to 
begin  either  at  the  Right,  Left  or  Center,  upon  which  the 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.         353 

troops  face  or  wheel  according  to  the  orders  of  march  which 
shall  be  prescribed  towards  that  place  where  the  march  was 
beat  and  instantly  begin  the  March. 

5tb.  At  the  beating  of  the  Gen1  the  Regm1  Q.  Master  and 
Camp  colour  Men  are  to  assemble  forthwith,  Parade  in  the 
Right,  Left  or  Center  of  the  line  according  as  the  Army 
shall  March  from  one  or  other. 

The  Division  and  Brig'  Q.  M.  and  as  many  of  the  Arti- 
ficers as  the  Q.  M.  G.  or  his  Deputy  shall  direct,  and  all  the 
Pioneers  to  assemble  at  the  same  time  and  Place.  The 
Q.  M.  G.  or  one  of  his  Deputies  then  March  them  to  the 
Place  where  the  Army  is  to  encamp  Pioneers  and  Artificers 
are  to  go  in  front  to  repair  the  Roads  and  remove  any  Ob- 
struction that  may  incommode  the  Line  of  March.  The 
Q.  Masters  and  Camp  Colour  Men  follow  in  the  order  in 
which  the  Corps  to  which  they  belong  stand  in  the  Line. 
The  whole  are  to  march  with  Perfect  regularity  either  by 
files  or  small  Plattoons  as  shall  be  found  most  Convenient 
as  the  Q.  M.  and  his  Deputy  shall  direct,  and  in  the  March 
not  a  man  to  quit  his  place  without  leave  first  Obtain'd. 
The  Camp  Colour  Men  from  the  Regim1  Q.  M.  and  such  Qr 
Master  from  his  superior  and  this  leave  is  to  be  granted  only 
for  the  Necessary  Occasions  when  they  arrive  at  the  Ground 
of  Encampment,  the  Q.  M.  G.  will  assign  the  Ground  for 
his  Division  The  Division  Q.  M.  for  each  Brigade  and 
Brigade  Q.  M.  for  each  Reg*. 

The  Ground  being  mark'd  out  they  will  by  the  help  of 
the  Artificers  Pioneers  and  C.  C.  Men  repair  and  remove 
everything  Necessary  to  make  the  Camp  Commodious,  as 
time  and  Circumstance  will  permit,  and  if  the  Army  will 
probably  continue  in  the  place  more  than  one  Night.  The 
Q.  M.  will  see  to  have  Necessaries  prepar'd  agreable  to  G.  O. 
of  the  12th  Instant  and  when  necessaries  are  thus  provided 
no  other  places  are  to  be  used  and  Sentries  are  to  take  Pris- 
oner every  man  who  shall  ease  himself  in  any  other  place. 
When  the  Army  Encamps  in  two  Lines  the  Necessary 
Houses  of  the  Front  line  are  to  be  at  a  Convenient  distance 
VOL.  xxxiv. — 23 


354         General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

not  less  than  one  hundred  &  50  yards,  advanc'd  before  this 
Line,  them  for  the  rear  Line  are  to  be  in  the  rear. 

Previous  to  a  March  Drum  &  Fife  Majors  are  to  determine 
upon  the  time  which  shall  be  play'd  and  then  all  the  Musi- 
cians of  the  Brig6  are  to  play  that  Tune  and  no  other.  The 
Musick  is  often  play'd  so  fast  as  to  render  the  stepping  in 
time  exceeding  troublesome.  The  Drum  and  Fife  Majors 
are  to  Regulate  that  matter  also. 

In  whatever  place  the  Army  halts  the  Officers  Gen1  Staff 
and  the  post  Master  are  to  take  their  Quarters  as  near  to 
head  Quarters  as  possible,  and  to  send  immediate  notice  to 
the  Adjfc  Gen1  of  the  places  where  they  have  Quartered. 
That  Gen1  orders  may  be  universally  known,  the  Officer  at 
the  head  of  each  separate  department  is  to  send  daily  to 
head  Quarters  a  suitable  person  to  take  the  orders  of  the 
day.  Notwithstanding  the  order  of  the  9th  Instant  for 
Issuing  Soap  for  the  Troops,  complaints  is  made  that  they 
are  not  duly  supplied. 

The  Commr  in  Chief  possitively  orders  that  the  Commis- 
saries immediately  provide  and  at  all  times  keep  ready  to  be 
Issued  a  full  supply  of  that  very  necessary  article. 

The  Commr  in  Chief  is  pleas'd  to  approve  the  following 
Sentences  of  a  Gen1  Court  Martial  held  the  12th  and  13th  In- 
stant, whereof  Col°  Spencer  was  President  and  orders  them 
to  be  put  in  execution  immediately.  Viz*  L*  Bentley  of  the 
5th  Virg*  Reg1  charg'd  with  appearing  on  the  Parade  not 
conformable  to  orders  found  Guilty  and  sentenced  to  be 
reprimanded  by  the  Col°  in  the  Presence  of  the  Officers  of 
the  Reg*  he  belongs  to. 

Ensign  Pride  of  the  5th  Virg*  Reg*  charg'd  with  appearing 
on  the  parade  not  conformable  to  orders  acquitted  of  the 
charge. 

James  Kelly  of  the  6th  Virg*  Reg*  charg'd  with  deserting 
to  the  enemy,  Acquitted  of  the  Charge. 

Geo:  Mills  of  the  10th  Virg*  Reg*  charged  with  desertion 
found  Guilty  and  sentence  to  receive  100  Lashes. 

Ensign  James  Dunhall  of  Col°  Stewart  Reg*  charg'd  with 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.         355 

inviting  Serf  Miners  into  his  Tent  and  dining  with  him 
acquitted. 

A  Gen1  Court  Martial  is  to  set  tomorrow  at  9  o'clock 
at  the  usual  place  near  head  Quarters  for  the  Tryal  of  all 
the  Prisoners  which  shall  be  brought  before  them.  Col° 
M°Clanahan  is  appointed  president  of  this  Court  all  wit- 
nesses to  attend. 

Muhlenburgh  to  give  1  Cap*  2  Sub  )  To  parade  at 

d°  1  Sub.  8  Privates  / 

6  o'clock  in  the  Front  of  Gen1  Woodfords  Encampment. 
Gen1  Weedon  and  Gen1  Woodfords  Brig'  are  to  furnish  one 
proper  man  each  for  to  attend  2  French  Gentlemen  the 
Col°  and  L*  Col°  of  Engineers,  the  two  men  are  to  be  sent 
to  head  Quarters  as  soon  as  possible. 

Advertisement. 

Lost  yesterday  a  black  leather  Pocket  Book  containing  a 
Number  of  Papers  valuable  to  the  owner  only  and  a  small 
sum  of  money  the  Person  who  has  found  it  by  returning  it 
to  the  Adj*  Gen1  shall  receive  a  Satisfactory  reward. 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Aug*  17th  1777. 

Parole,  Providence ;       C.  Sign,  Newport  Kingston. 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow        .     .     Ld  Sterling, 

Brig' Weedon, 

Field  Officers  Col°  Marshal  &  L*  Col'  Craig, 
Brigade  Major Peers. 

The  Commr  in  Chief  approves  the  following  Sentences 
of  a  Gen1  Court  Martial  held  the  14th  Instant  whereof  Col° 
Spencer  was  President  and  orders  them  to  be  put  in  execu- 
tion forthwith  Viz*. 

Ensign  McMichael  of  Col°  Stewarts  Reg*  charg'd  with 
assaulting  and  striking  with  his  sword  Willm  Wright  a 
Centinal  in  the  Execution  of  his  Duty,  the  Court  having 
Considered  the  Charge  and  Evidence  are  of  opinion  the 
Prisoner  struck  Wm  Wright  a  Centinal,  with  his  fist  while 


356  General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

on  hie  Post,  but  on  account  of  his  Insolence  and  charging 
his  Bayonet  on  the  Prisoner  they  sentence  the  Prisoner  to 
receive  a  Private  repremand  from  the  Col°  of  the  Reg*  he 
belongs  to. 

The  Commr  in  Chief  is  anxious  to  have  the  Ranks  of  the 
Pensilv*  Field  Officers  adjusted.  A  board  of  Gen1  Officers 
which  were  appointed  to  set  for  that  purpose  the  15th  In- 
stant will  set  tomorrow  at  Gen1  Greens  Quarters  at  the  hour 
to  which  they  adjourned.  The  Commr  in  Chief  wishes  the 
board  to  be  as  full  as  possible  and  desire  the  Gen1  Officers 
of  the  day  to  attend  the  board  in  Prefference  to  any 
other  Duty. 

Gen1  Court  Martials  are  frequently  prevented  doing  busi- 
ness by  means  of  the  non  attendance  of  some  of  the  Mem- 
bers, which  occasions  such  delays  as  are  greatly  injurious  to 
the  Service.  In  time  to  come  if  any  Officer  is  appointed 
President  of  a  Gen1  Court  Martial  and  through  sickness  or 
other  unavoidable  accidents  cannot  attend  The  Brig6  Major 
of  the  Brigade  to  which  he  belongs  is  to  give  notice  imme- 
diately thereof  to  the  Adj*  Gen1  and  if  any  Member  is  by 
the  like  means  rendered  unable  to  attend,  such  member  is 
to  give  immediate  Notice  thereof  to  the  Adj*  of  the  Reg1  he 
belongs  to,  that  another  may  be  return'd  in  his  stead  and 
upon  the  first  appointment  of  a  Gen1  Court  Martial  each 
Brig*  Major  is  to  return  the  names  of  Members  furnish'd 
from  his  Brigade  to  the  Adj*  Gen1  at  or  before  the  hour 
appointed  for  the  setting  of  the  Court.  The  Gen1  Court 
Martial  woh  was  ordered  to  set  to-day  is  to  set  tomorrow  at 
9  o'clock  in  the  morning  at  the  usual  place. 

By  the  returns  given  in  by  the  Brigrs  pursuant  to  the 
orders  of  the  13th  Inst  it  appears  that  many  Officers  are  ab- 
sent without  leave,  that  some  have  Furloughs  for  60  days 
and  others  without  limitation  at  all,  with  respect  to  those 
who  are  absent  without  leave  the  Gen1  desires  the  Brigrs  to 
whose  Brigade  they  belong  will  order  them  to  join  it  im- 
mediately and  have  a  strict  enquiry  (which  is  to  be  reported) 
into  their  Conduct  for  so  doing,  and  with  respect  to  un- 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.          357 

limited  Furloughs,  or  Furloughs  for  60  days  he  desires  that 
no  more  such  be  given,  without  the  consent  of  the  Commr 
in  Chief,  as  there  are  very  few  cases  that  can  justify  such  In- 
dulgences in  the  active  part  of  the  Campaign,  those  who  ex- 
ceed the  time  limited  in  their  Furloughs,  are  also  to  be  or- 
dered to  join,  and  to  account  Satisfactorily  for  their  Conduct. 

The  Ground  being  very  whet  the  Q.  M.  G.  is  to  procure 
as  much  Straw  (from  which  the  Grain  has  been  thresh'd) 
and  destribute  the  same  in  the  most  equal  manner  among 
the  troops. 

A  Gill  of  Rum  or  other  Spirits  is  to  be  Issued  to-day,  to 
each  non  Commd  Officer  and  Soldier  &  Waggoner.  The 
Gen1  Court  Martial  which  was  ordered  to  set  this  day  is  to 
set  tomorrow  Morning  at  the  Usual  place. 

D.  0.  CAMP  August  17th  1777 

Gen1  Weedon  &  Gen1  Muhlenburgh  and  the  Comm* 
Officers  of  the  RegtB  in  each  of  their  Brigades  are  desired 
to  meet  at  the  Gen18  Quarters  tomorrow  at  5  o'clock  in  the 
Afternoon,  to  Consult  &  fix  upon  a  place  for  establishing  a 
proper  Armory  for  the  division  agreable  to  the  Gen1  Orders 
of  the  12th  Instant,  the  Comm*  Officers  of  Regts  are  also 
desired  to  bring  a  return  of  the  Armorours  in  each  of  their 
Regts  agreable  to  the  division  orders  of  the  13th  Instant. 

A  Guard  to  Consist  of  a  Serj*  and  12  men  to  relieve  the 
Guard  of  the  Division  Commissaries  Store,  to  receive  orders 
from  the  Commissary,  the  Guard  to  be  relieved  daily,  one 
day  from  Gen1  Muhlenburgs  Brig*  the  next  from  Gen1 
"Weedons,  each  of  the  Brigades  to  furnish  an  assistant  Clerk 
for  a  few  Days  in  the  Commissaries  Office. 

HEAD  QUARTERS  Aug*  18th  1777 

Parole.  C.  Sign. 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow     .     .     .  Stephens, 

Brigr Conway, 

Field  Officers      Col°  Lewis  &  L<  Col°  Norbal, 
Brig*  Major Wetherspoon. 


358  General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

Q.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  CROSS  ROADS  Aug*  19th  1777 

Parole  C.  Sign 

Majr  Gen1  for  tomorrow     ....    Greene, 

Brigr Scott, 

Field  Officers      .     Col°  Stewart  L<  Col°  Roy, 
Brige  Major Johnson. 

The  following  sentences  of  a  Gen1  Court  Martial  held  the 
7th  12th  &  16th  Ins1  of  which  Col°  Sheldon  was  President. 
Edward  Wilcox  Qr  Master  to  Cap*  Dareys  troop  charged 
with  desertion,  taking  a  horse  belonging  to  Col°  Moilands 
Reg*  and  trooper  with  accoutriments,  found  Guilty  and  sen- 
tenc'd  to  be  led  round  the  Reg1  he  belongs  to  on  horse  back 
with  his  face  towards  the  Horses  tail,  and  his  coat  turned 
wrong  side  outwards  and  that  he  then  be  discharg'd  from 
the  Army.  The  Comnv  in  Chief  approves  the  Sentence 
and  orders  it  to  be  put  in  Execution  Immediately. 

Geo :  Kilpatrick  and  Chas.  Martin  Serju  Laurence  Byrne 
and  Enock  Wells  Corp"  Dan1  McCurdy,  Patrick  Leland, 
Phill:  Franklin,  Jacob  Barker,  Tho'  Orles,  Adam  Rox, 
Fredk  Grimer,  Dan1  Kane  King,  Christian  Longspit,  Henry 
Whiner,  and  Nich8  Walna.  Privates  in  Col°  Moilands  Reg* 
of  Light  Dragoons,  charg'd  with  Mutiny  and  desertion  found 
Guilty  of  desertion  and  adjudg'd  worthy  of  Death.  The 
Court  esteem 'd  the  Prisoners  (except  Serf  Kilpatrick)  objects 
of  Compassion  and  as  s.uch  the  Gen1  is  pleas'd  to  grant  them 
his  Pardon,  and  the  like  reasons  which  leads  the  Court  to 
recommend  them  to  Mercy  join'd  with  others  induces  the 
Gen1  to  grant  his  Pardon  to  Serf  Kilpatrick  also,  the  same 
time  the  prisoners  are  to  consider  that  their  crimes  are  of  a 
very  attrocious  nature,  and  have  by  the  Articles  of  War  sub- 
jected themselves  to  the  punishment  of  Death.  That  the 
remission  of  their  Punishment  is  a  Signal  Act  of  Mercy  in 
the  Commr  in  Chief  and  demands  every  greatful  return  of 
Fidelity,  Submission,  Obedience  and  active  Duty  in  any 
future  Military  service  which  he  shall  assign  them.  The 
Prisoners  are  to  quit  the  horse  and  enter  into  the  foot  ser- 
vice, in  the  Corps  which  they  shall  be  assigned. 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.  359 

Thomas  Fauhees  &  Geo:  House  of  Col°  Moilands  Reg* 
tried  by  the  same  Court  Martial,  charg'd  with  Mutiny  and 
desertion  are  found  Guilty  but  some  favourable  Circum- 
stances appearing  in  their  behalf,  they  were  sentenced  to 
receive  25  Lashes  on  their  naked  backs  and  to  be  dismissed 
from  the  Horse  service.  The  Comm'  in  Chief  approves  the 
sentence,  but  for  the  reasons  above  referred  to,  and  with  the 
like  expectations  of  amendment,  remits  the  Punishment  of 
whipping,  they  will  be  disposed  of  in  the  foot  service. 
Thomas  Reynolds  of  Col°  Moilands  Reg1  tried  by  the  same 
Court  Martial  being  charg'd  with  desertion  is  found  Guilty 
and  sentenced  to  suffer  Death.  The  Commr  in  Chief  ap- 
proves the  sentence  but  the  Execution  of  the  Prisoner 
respited  till  further  orders. 

Col°  Lawson  having  already  the  commd  of  the  4th  Virg* 
Reg*  is  to  continue  in  the  same  Command.  Col°  Elliot  is 
appointed  to  the  Command  of  the  6th  Virg*  Reg1  Gen1  Greens 
division  is  to  relieve  the  Provost  Guard  and  Q.  M.  Gs  Guard 
this  afternoon.  The  Guards  to  parade  by  the  Cross  Roads 
at  5  o'clock. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  August  20th  1777. 

Majr  Gen1  for  Tomorrow     .     .       Ld  Sterling, 

Brig'        Muhlenburgh, 

Field  Officers  L*  Col°  Febiger  &  Col°  Bayard, 
Brig*  Major Day. 

The  orders  by  which  Col°  Armonds  Corps  was  annexed  to 
Gen1  Conways  Brig6  is  countermanded. 

The  Commr  in  Chief  is  pleased  to  approve  of  the  following 
Sentences  of  a  Gen1  Court  Martial  held  the  18th  Ins*  whereof 
Col°  M°Clenehan  was  President.  Viz* 

Lieu*  Ambrose  of  Col°  Stewarts  Reg*  charg'd  with  break- 
ing his  former  Arrest  and  going  to  Philid*  in  Cornp7  with 
the  Officers  of  Col°  Stewarts  Reg*  likewise  under  arrest  with- 
out Col°  Stewarts  knowledge  or  Permission,  pleaded  Guilty 
and  sentenced  to  be  Cashir'd,  L'  Benjn  Holmes  of  the  2d 


360  General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

Virg*  Reg*  charg'd  with  behaving  in  a  manner  unbecoming 
a  Gentleman,  the  Court  unanimously  acquitted  the  Prisoner 
of  the  charge  exhibited  against  him. 

Jacob  Moon  Paymaster  of  the  14th  Virg*  Reg*  charg'd 
with  ungentleman  like  behaviour  found  Guilty  of  ungentle- 
man  like  behaviour  in  giving  the  Lye  to  Ensign  Wash n am 
and  Ensign  Moore  and  not  Guilty  in  defrauding  the  Soldiers 
out  of  their  Pay. 

Sentenc'd  to  be  reprimanded  by  the  Col°  in  the  Presence 
of  the  Officers  of  the  Reg*  he  belongs  to. 

Such  Officers  as  are  not  yet  settled  their  Ration  Accounts 
are  notified  that  Mr.  Bates  is  obliged  to  leave  Camp  the 
First  day  of  September,  and  that  those  Accounts  which  are 
not  brought  in  by  that  time,  cannot  be  settled  on  this  side 
Hartford. 

The  Qr  Masters  who  are  not  acquainted  with  the  form  of 
a  Ration  Abstract  can  have  one  from  Mr.  Bates. 

B.  0.  August  20th  1777 

The  Camp  Colour  men  belonging  to  the  Brig'  are  to  be 
Collected  Immediately  and  to  be  sent  about  the  Camp  to 
bury  the  filth  &c.  The  Quarter  Masters  are  to  see  that  they 
do  their  duty  Effectually,  the  Sentinals  are  to  take  care  that 
no  Soldier  ease  himself  about  the  Camp  or  in  any  other 
place  than  that  allotted  for  each  Reg*  should  they  detect  any 
one  they  are  to  confine  him  immediately.  The  Brigade  to 
Parade  this  afternoon  at  5  o'clock  at  the  usual  place. 

B.  O.  August  21"   1777. 

The  Brigade  is  to  be  in  readiness  to  March  tomorrow 
morning  at  break  of  day.  The  Officers  Commg  Regt8  will 
see  that  every  thing  is  pack'd  up  and  put  in  the  Waggons 
this  evening,  that  nothing  may  remain  to  be  done  iii  the 
morning  but  to  strike  the  Tents. 

PETER  MUHLENBURQH  B.  G. 

(To  be  continued.) 


East   Vincent  Township.  361 


BAST  VINCENT  TOWNSHIP,  CHESTEE  COUNTY, 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

BY  FREDERICK  SHEEDER,  MDCCXLVI. 

(Concluded  from  page  212.) 

The  following  taken  out  of  the  Archive  of  the  hill  church 
Stiled  the  german  Reformed  church  in  Vincent.  The  old  log 
church  was  huilt  and  consecrated  May  27th  1758,  under  the 
then  official  Rev.  John  Philip  Leydich  and  vestry  Sebastian 
Wagner  Sin.  Simon  Shunk  John  Shoenholz  Thomas  Schni- 
der  and  Lorentz  Hippel.  The  archive  has  the  record  of 
the  babtised  from  1758  till  1833,  were  babtised  725,  and 
from  1799  till  1831  confirmed  290;  in  1784  the  Rev.  Fred- 
erick Daelliker  became  the  official  in  this  church ;  Frederick 
Harman  came  to  be  the  official  in  1799  until  1821;  John 
C.  guldin  till  the  year  1840,  Rev.  Honger  and  he  deceased 
and  the  present  one  the  Rev.  John  Hooken  and  Rev.  Hoff- 
man alternately ;  John  C.  guldin  caused  this  congregation 
to  Split;  And  each  has  there  official  and  vestry.  In  1812 
the  Congregation  nominated  the  following  members  as 
managers  to  build  a  new  church  (I  gave  a  discription  of 
allrady)  John  Labach,  Caspar  Snider,  Henry  Hippel,  Con- 
rad gerbard,  Conrad  Sherer,  John  Hoffman,  John  yeager 
Jacob  Wagner  and  George  Hippel ;  this  commitee  nomi- 
nated the  following  out  of  their  number  as  builders  John 
Labach,  Caspar  Snider  &  Henry  Hippel,  they  proseeted  and 
erected  this  present  Structur  (The  road  formerly  pased  in 
front  of  this  church  on  the  East  Side,  now  it  passes  to  the 
left  along  the  Ridge),  and  at  the  laying  of  the  Corner  Stone 
there  been  coins  &  all  that  is  usually  disposeted  at  Such 
ocations  deposeted  and  within  three  years  was  a  burglary 
and  Sacrilege  committed  a  corner  of  the  corner  Stone  that 
had  the  pit  wherein  was  all  composed,  cut  out  and  robbed, 
the  perpetrators  run  at  liberty  to  this  time.  The  Stones 
that  this  edifice  are  composed  of  red  yellow  and  white  free 


362  East  Vincent  Township. 

Stones,  I  coppied  out  of  Said  archive  the  names  of  63  of  the 
first  deceased  members  of  this  congregation  as  follows :  John 
Shoenholz,  Michal  Derry,  Simon  Schunk,  Sebastian  Wagner, 
Thomas  Schnider,  John  Schnider,  Peter  Steger,  Jacob 
Collman,  John  Hippel,  Sebastian  Wagner,  Jacob  Helvig, 
Michal  Sifert,  Lorence  Kyle,  John  Labach,  Simon  Schunk, 
george  y eager,  Paul  Benner,  Adam  gondel,  John  Imhoff, 
Jacob  Miller,  John  Hoffman,  Philip  Stine,  george  Harts, 
John  Kline,  Christian  Stahl,  Jacob  Conrad,  Henry  Carl, 
John  Keeley,  Henry  Brenholz,  Vallentine  Schmit,  Jacob 
guender,  george  Christman,  Casper  Burbauer,  Nicholas 
grund,  John  March,  Antony  Acker,  Henry  Bluit,  Frederick 
Barnholz,  Leonard  Dombil,  John  Heck,  John  Kline,  Philip 
Steffan,  Conrad  Shurer,  John  Shenfelter,  Wm.  Shott, 
Philip  Wiant,  John  gross,  Jacob  Hellwing,  Jacob  Stickel, 
Wm.  Claus,  Wm.  Thomas,  John  Martz,  Jacob  Ellis,  Peter 
Defrehn,  Frederick  Henken,  Jacob  Hell,  Jacob  Houenstine, 
John  geitting,  Philip  Sellers,  James  Marry,  Henry  Schmid, 
Christian  Ehmig,  Jacob  Nailer,  Philip  Seeler,  John  Brahl- 
man,  Sebastian  Maurer,  John  Deck,  John  John;  here  i 
Shall  close  as  relating  churches  as  one  archive  is  mislaid  or 
lost  and  the  two  remaining  is  the  most  part  neclected  of 
entry ;  now  i  proseed  to  give  a  discribtion  of  the  monument 
at  the  foot  of  the  hill  of  this  last  mentioned  Church.  The 
monument  is  a  plain  Pyramid  about  eight  feet  high  inclosed 
by  a  Strong  wall  adjoining  on  the  Ridge  road,  on  the  left 
hand  passing  up  the  ground  in  walled  is  65  feet  by  23  feet 
bearing  the  following  inscription  on  the  South  Side 

Virtue,  Liberty  and  Independence. 

on  the  Ea*t — 

Within  these  walls  surrounding,  they  ; 
Can  yet  be  thouth  to  claim  a  tear, 
0  Smite  thy  gentle  breast  and  Say; 
The  friends  of  freedom  Slumber  here, 
We  here  their  humble  graves  adorn  ; 
We  too  may  fall  and  ask  a  tear; 
Tis  not  the  beauty  of  the  morn 
That  proves  the  Evening  Shall  be  clear, 


East  Vincent  Township.  363 

on  the  West — 

Their  names  though  lost  in  earth  below, 
And  hence  are  not  recorded  here, 
Are  known  where  lasting  pleasures  flow, 
Beyond  the  reach  of  death  and  fear, 
Their  feet  have  trod  misfortunes  Sands, 
Their  lives  by  hardships  worn  down, 
They'er  gone  we  trust  to  better  lands, 
To  brighter  Sunshine  of  their  own. 

on  the  North — 

Sacred  To  The  Memory  of 

Twenty  two  Revolutionary  Soldiers,  who  in  the  fall  of  1777,  when  the 
American  Army  had  encamped  at  the  Valley  Forge,  were  lodged  in  the 
german  Reformed  church  (in  Sight)  then  occupied  as  a  hospital ;  who 
there,  distant  from  their  homes,  uncomforted  by  friends  &  kind  relations, 
deceased  in  the  Spring  of  1778,  of  a  fever  then  prevailing  in  the  camp ; 
entered  in  this  ground  and  where  they  Slumbered  in  their  peacefull  but 
neglected  tombs  (except  that  Mr.  Henry  Hippel,  Sen.  preserved  the 
ground),  untill  the  union  Battalion  of  Voluntiers  of  Chester  County 
aided  by  the  generous  and  patriotic  people  of  this  Vicinity,  resolved  to 
have  them  enclosed  and  a  monument  placed  over  them  ;  The  foundation 
of  which  accordingly  was  laid  on  the  19th  of  November  1831  upon 
which  occasion  regular  Military  ceremonies  were  observed  &  a  funeral 
oration  delivered,  to  perpetuate  the  profound  regard  due  the  individuals 
who  paid  the  forfeit  of  their  precious  lives  for  our  Sacred  rights,  and 
for  privileges  which  they  were  never  permitted  to  enjoy,  and  to  continue 
to  generations  unborn,  the  memory  of  the  precious  price  of  the  Liberty 
&  Independence  of  our  happy  Union  ;  They  have  raised  this  Monument 
on  the  25th  of  October  1833 :  and  which  they  allso  dedicate  to  the 
memory  of  a  number  of  Revolutionary  Soldiers  who  the  Same  time  and 
the  Same  manner,  deceased  in  the  Lutherian  Church  (then  used  as  a 
hospital)  and  are  buried  near  it  and  in  other  places  of  this  Vicinity. 

Now  I  shall  proseed  to  make  Some  remarks  of  which  i 
never  Seen  any  mention  of  on  record  which  is  concerning 
g.  Washington  and  John  Ralston  Esqr.  deceased,  of  the 
later  the  writer  was  for  25  years  an  near  neighbor  of  inti- 
mate entercourse  he  a  many  times  related  to  me  when  the 
conversation  on  the  revolutionary  was  the  Subject,  that 
when  g.  Washington  was  about  leving  the  Springs  he  made 
inquiries  of  how  and  who  he  could  git  with  Sufficient  trust 


364  East  Vincent  Township. 

to  guide  him  to  Reading;  Captain  John  Ralston  was 
recommented  to  him  to  be  Such  a  one,  he  the  general  wrote 
a  few  lines,  Sent  one  of  his  officers  to  induce  Captain  John 
Ralston  to  appear  before  him.  The  captain  was  for  making 
Some  excuses,  but  the  request  was  so  pressing  that  he  must 
go  with  the  bearer,  and  as  often  Judge  Ralston  related  this 
transactions  to  and  every  time  he  Spoke  of  it,  he  Said  that 

.     his  good  conscience 

cheered  him  as  he  had  done  no  rong  to  his  country  and 
had  acted  the  part  of  a  good  patriot,  and  with  this  anima- 
tion got  to  his  usual  viviety,  and  when  arrived  at  the  generals 
quarters,  he  was  introdused  to  g.  Washington  by  saying  here 
is  Captain  John  Ralston.  The  general  at  this  time  was  Sit- 
ing at  the  Table  writting  but  immediately  got  on  his  feet  and 
walking  back  and  forwards  in  his  room,  making  inquiries 
how  far  he  lived  from  the  Springs  and  how  far  his  father 
lived  from  there,  and  how  they  all  where  and  where  he  had 
been  born,  and  the  Captain  had  answered  all  these  questions, 
the  next  was  are  you  acquainted  with  all  the  roads  in  these 
parts  (when  the  general  put  This  last  question  he  Made  a 
halt  before  the  Captain  were  he  had  been  requested  to 
take  a  seat  and  Staring  the  Captain  in  the  face.  Then  the 
Captain  use  to  Say  that  then  his  heart  beat  faster  than 
at  any  time  before  looking  at  this  monstrous  big  man). 
The  Captain  replied  yea,  then  he  was  asked  if  he  know 
Such  and  Such  a  road  that  the  general  made  mention,  the 
Captain  said  no,  he  knew  of  none  by  that  name,  Like  ligh- 
ning  he  clapt  his  hand  in  his  pocket  drew  out  a  book  with 
the  maps  in  (in  all  this  time  the  Captain  knew  nothing  of 
the  generals  design  here,  whenever  the  Captain  related  this 
circumstance  he  made  the  Same  motion  as  the  general  did 
when  he  clapt  his  hand  to  his  pocket)  and  looking  for  the 
road  that  he  entented  to  know  of  the  Captain  and  then 
Said  The  Ridge  road  leading  by  Brumbacks  Church,  the 
Captain  ansured  yes  he  was  well  acquainted  with;  Than 
said  the  general  by  laying  his  hand  on  the  Captains  Shoul- 
der you  must  be  my  Pilot  to  Reading,  and  not  till  then  the 


East  Vincent  Township.  365 

Captains  heart  ceased  beating  and  the  general  ordered  him 
to  be  rady  at  Such  an  hour  to  morrow  and  appear  at  his 
room.  The  Captain  done  as  ordered  and  the  line  of  march 
was  commenced  from  the  Springs  to  Kimberton,  now,  then 
down  Bransons  Road  to  where  now  the  general  Pike  is 
where  this  and  the  Schulkill  road  forks  to  git  accross  french 
creek  bridge,  as  there  was  of  no  stone  bridge  known  of,  far 
and  near  at  them  times,  Then  up  the  Ridge  road,  the  road 
then  as  i  observed  above  what  in  front  of  the  Church  on 
the  hill  and  the  church  full  of  sick  and  from  here  up  the 
road  the  tents  been  Struck  for  the  first  knights  quarter,  the 
general  enquartered  at  the  head  in  the  house  Standing  yit 
and  occupied  by  the  family  of  the  late  widdow  Francis, 
which  quarters  the  Captain  had  gon  ahead  and  prepaired 
quarters  for  the  general  to  lodge,  this  now  was  the  first 
knights  loging,  next  day  the  line  of  march  was  comenced 
up  the  Ridge  road  to  where  the  ridge  and  Branson  meets, 
the  place  now  John  Youngs  and  the  old  part  of  youngs 
hous  then  was  a  new  house,  and  herein  was  the  generals 
Second  knights  loging.  This  house  when  erected  Conrad 
Bull  done  the  mason  work  at  it ;  next  day  the  Captain  was 
discharged  and  whent  home.  I  do  not  remember  any  of  all 
the  circumstances  that  Judge  Ralston  use  to  relate  to  me  and 
they  been  maney  as  those  i  have  made  mention  of  and  in  all 
conversations  that  took  place  of  this  perticular  part  he  allways 
related  more  chearfully  as  any  other;  When  the  Captain 
received  his  commission  he  was  quit  a  young  man  and  from 
then  till  the  day  he  died,  this  neighborhood  will  not  Soon 
be  blessed  with  Such  a  useful  man  as  he  was  during  his 
life ;  was  never  without  commission.  He  received  his  com- 
mission as  Justice  of  the  peace  from  governor  Miffling  and 
not  known  anything  about  it  till  it  was  brought  to  his 
house ;  every  man  could  depent  on  his  word  and  he  more 
then  once  tould  me  that  never  but  one  Suit  out  of  his  docket 
had  been  taken  to  Court,  that  he  had  given  his  judgement 
on  but  one  and  that  the  Court  gave  the  same,  he  John 
Ralston  received  his  Cummission  of  associate  Judge  of  gov- 


366  East  Vincent  Township. 

ernor  Mckean  for  Chester  County  and  knew  nothing  of  till 
brought  to  his  house  and  held  and  acted  on  both  till  to  his 
death.  He  held  and  Served  offices  in  the  militia.  In  fact 
he  was  the  gardian  of  this  parts  of  the  Country  fare  and 
near;  Suits  depending  at  court  for  years  and  at  last  devited 
to  the  dissatisfaction  of  the  parties  he  afterwards  could  and 
did  Settle  between  the  parties  to  their  Satisfaction ;  i  could 
name  a  number  of  them  but  will  name  but  one  that  every 
one  in  this  neighborhood  must  have  a  recolection  of — Is 
the  one  took  place  here  at  birdge  run  between  Michal 
Kolb  and  Nicholas  ground,  about  the  water  right,  which 
Suit  was  for  a  considerable  time  at  Court,  and  when  at  last 
disked  it  was  not  to  the  Satisfaction  of  the  parties  and  both 
agreed  to  leave  it  to  the  Judge,  And  the  met  the  house  of 
one  of  the  parties  and  he  Settled  it  to  their  Satisfaction  and 
one  that  was  thronged  in  the  cost  at  court  oftentimes  tould 
me  in  his  lifetime  That  if  he  had  taken  the  advise  of  the 
Judge  had  given  him,  the  Suit  would  never  been  taken  to 
court  and  that  the  Judge  had  given  him  such  advise  that 
if  he  had  been  his  chield  could  not  to  done  more  as  he  did 
to  him  but  he  could  not  see  into  it  That  he  would  had  then 
Saved  all  the  Trouble  and  costs ;  he  was  in  general  a  peace 
maker,  social  and  familiar  to  all.  At  one  time  i  been  at 
court  when  Judge  Ross  was  on  the  bench,  a  trial  of  kit- 
naping  came  on,  one  Jesse  Kirck,  I  think  or  believe,  was 
the  prosciuter  and  him  listening  whit  his  hands  lapt,  with 
his  eyes  Shut,  and  holding  his  head  in  a  possision  as  if  he 
was  looking  to  the  Sealing,  hearing  the  wittnissis  given  the 
attornies  pleadings  and  the  Judges  charge  to  the  Jury.  I 
did  not  think  before  the  Judge  gave  his  charge  that  one  per- 
son could  think  that  he  was  guilty  of  the  charge,  but  the 
Judge  in  his  charge  to  the  Jury  expresed  him  to  the  Jury 
as  a  guilty  man,  how  the  prosecutor  must  to  then  rejosed 
within  himself  as  soon  the  charge  was  given  the  Jury  whent 
upstairs  and  court  adjurned  for  dinner  the  President  lodged 
in  a  prived  house  the  associated  at  Jeffries  next  door  to  the 
court  house  as  soon  as  Ross  had  his  dinner  he  came  to  his 


East  Vincent  Township.  367 

associates  and  as  soon  he  had  entered  their  room  Judge 
Ralston  got  up  from  his  Seat  and  Said  to  him,  mine  got 
Judge,  how  could  you  give  such  a  charge  to  the  Jury,  and 
the  answer  was  I  must  confess  i  was  rong,  The  Jury  been 
not  long  detained  got  their  dinner  and  as  Soon  court  was 
called  handet  in  their  vertic  not  guilty  to  the  astonishment 
of  all  that  heard  the  Judges  charge.  I  could  relate  of  many 
quire  transactions  having  taken  place  in  mine  time  but 
dont  suit  at  this  time.  John  Ralston,  Judge,  died  at  the 
advansed  age  of  80  years.  In  relation  of  wild  animals 
there  are  to  this  time  along  french  creek  are  partrages, 
owls,  land  and  water  Tortoise,  Pheasants,  Rabbits,  ground 
hogs  and  Foxes,  muskrat,  mink  and  weesel.  The  Soil  in 
west  Vincent  gravely  with  some  Clay  in  flat  places  and 
some  places  Sandy  and  the  most  part  hard  iron  Stones 
with  here  and  thier  Some  free  stones,  Timber,  blackoack 
whiteoack  Chestnut  and  Chestnut  oack  or  rockoack  walnut 
and  Poplar  Some  beach  and  birdch  but  hickory  is  in  abund- 
ance, The  Soil  in  East  Vincent  of  three  difrent  discrip- 
tion  and  quit  difrent  from  that  of  west  along  french  creek 
its  Sandy  entermixt  with  Some  Slate  and  some  iron  Stones 
and  near  along  the  Ridge  road  white  and  red  freestones 
and  the  soil  Sand  entermixet  with  sand  and  soap  Slate  and 
between  the  Ridge  Road  and  the  River  Schulkill  the  Soil 
cheafly  Sand  the  stones  all  together  sand  stone  of  difrent  hue 
and  colour,  Timber  whiteoack  black  oack  and  hickory  with 
here  and  their  a  chesnut  tree,  The  Soil  of  my  first  knol- 
lage  from  the  year  1793  and  1794  prodused  but  poor  crops 
of  any  kind  of  grain  and  at  that  time  but  2  farms  that  could 
and  did  produse  good  crops  of  wheat  and  farming  then  in 
bad  condition  the  most  of  the  farms  then  harvastid  from  one, 
two,  three  and  four  acres  of  wheat,  some  indifrent  crop  of 
corn  and  oats  the  chiefly  raised  Rye  Buckwheat  done  better 
then  as  now,  The  cause  of  this  was  They  Settlers  not  being 
the  owners  of  the  Soil  now  knowing  at  what  time  the  real 
owners  would  take  possession  of  and  drive  them  off  They 
generally  neclected  even  to  haul  that  little  manure  that  they 


368  East  Vincent  Township. 

made,  on  their  ground  when  they  had  cleared  a  field  they 
worked  that  down  so  that  it  bore  nothing  of  any  kind  of 
grain  or  grass  but  Garlic  and  thorns  or  briers;  but  as  they 
became  the  owners  of  the  Soil  from  time  to  time  and  obtained 
means  to  lime  and  plaster  to  bring  the  worn  out  Soil  too,  It 
produces  abundently  and  rewards  the  husbandman  for  his 
Toil  if  prices  of  produse  are  reasonable,  but  take  this  Town- 
ship, thier  remain  but  few  farms  that  contain  the  Same 
number  of  acres  as  they  did  45  years  ago  and  are  now  often 
prodused  on  50  acres  more  as  then  on  200  acres  and  live 
better  in  the  bargin.  There  are  more  or  quiet  triple  the 
builtings  as  then  and  nearly  all  of  Stone,  at  that  time  it  waa 
a  rarety  if  a  cow  or  Steer  was  fatened  on  a  farm  but  now  a 
common  useage  for  house  use  and  market — flax  in  that  time 
was  abundently  grown  but  at  this  time  but  little  of  it,  the 
Soil  is  not  addabted  for  Some  cause  or  other  unknown. 
There  are  five  permenant  bridges  accross  french  all  built  in 
my  time  the  lower  one  rebuilt  10  or  12  years  Since  if  i  can 
make  time  before  i  sent  you  this  i  Shall  git  the  date  of  the 
first  erection  of  Providing  there  is  a  date  Stone  in  the  wall, 
this  country  general  Specking  resembles  more  as  a  gardon 
as  it  did  52  years  ago.  Joseph  Painter  publisher  of  the 
Register  &  Examiner  has  gathered  materials  to  Publish  a 
history  of  Chester  County  by  Subscription  but  not  published 
on  account  of  patronage  if  you  aply  to  him  its  likely  he  may 
transmit  the  Same  to  you,  The  Moravians  had  the  first  Mis- 
sionaries Sent  among  the  Indians  of  whom  i  read  book  1792 
while  i  lived  at  Lebanon  of  whom  you  can  derive  all  informa- 
tion concerning  the  indians  in  more  detail  as  of  any  else,  of 
that  place  i  could  Say  a  great  deel,  Some  one  from  that 
place  will  give  you  Satisfactory  detail  of  that  place;  and 
likewise  i  could  or  Should  mention  Something  of  your  City 
in  the  year  1794-5  and  i  lived  thier  I  been  present  at  the 
fire  of  when  the  New  Church  in  fourth  between  Race  and 
Arch  Streets  burnt  down  and  at  the  funeral  procession  of 
Mr.  Brown  and  family  been  Burried  5  corps  in  four  Cof- 
fings,  i  think  it  was  on  Newyears  day ;  their  house  burned 


East   Vincent  Township.  369 

down  and  all  perished  but  their  coach  driver.  Mr.  Brown 
I  think  was  the  Publisher  of  the  first  daily  paper  in  the  City, 
and  happened  to  be  on  business  in  Philadelphia  in  the  year 
1799  when  John  Frees  &  were  to  be  hung,  was  at  the  prison 
among  the  grout  till  the  hour  for  his  being  brought  out  and 
his  pardon  arrived  I  been  at  the  lanch  of  the  first  fricat 
built  at  the  Navy  yard  i  think  She  was  Named  Philadelphia 
i  remember  that  there  was  no  brickhouse  from  Seventh 
Street  to  Schulkill,  but  the  farry  house  that  Henry  Knerr 
occupied  then  a  Son  of  old  Henry  Knerr  of  this  Township 
at  his  lifetime  and  from  a  little  pice  up  from  fourth  Street  in 
Arch  to  Schulkill  but  ginders  mead  house  as  called  then  I 
been  often  about  Morrises  builting  and  happened  to  come 
past  the  time  they  been  tearing  it  down  and  asked  one  of 
the  hands  at  work  Why  they  were  tearing  that  builting 
down  he  replied  Saying  This  was  a  house  to  make  the  rich 
poor  and  the  poor  rich,  I  often  seen  general  Washington 
and  Lady  in  there  2  horse  coach  Sunday  Riding  to  church 
out  fourth  and  down  Arch  Street  till  to  the  church;  and  i 
seen  Frees  brough  in  4th  Street  to  the  workhouse  as  called 
then  by  the  light  house  and  seen  them  work  into  it,  I  cannot 
forbear  Somthing  respecting  Lebanon  I  came  to  live  with 
Peter  Miller  then  the  Second  house  from  the  large  corner 
Brick  Tavern  Lineweaver  then  F.  Stoever  this  Peter  Miller 
was  quarter  master  in  the  Revolution  and  John  Philip 
grenewald  Cornet  of  the  Rigiment  that  went  from  that 
quarter  to  what  was  termed  flying  Camp  to  Newyork  at 
the  time  they  got  their  orders  to  march  They  Nominated 
him  P.  M.  to  that  office  as  none  of  their  Number  had  corage 
to  accept  of  it  but  him  i  must  make  but  few  words  of  i 
might  write  Several  Sheets  of  what  he  use  to  relate  of  that 
campain,  he  P.  Miller  then  took  John  gloninger  with  him 
as  his  Secritary  who  when  afterwards  Dauphing  was  cut  oft' 
of  Lancaster  &.  became  one  of  the  associaters  and  acted  as 
Such  till  of  late  years  Said  P.  Miller  was  a  distiller  and  he 
took  4  hogsheads  of  wisky  of  his  own  along  for  his  men 
and  Sometime  after  the  laid  about  Newyork  Provision  got 
VOL.  xxxiv. — 24 


370  East  Vincent  Township. 

scarce  and  the  general  Quartermaster  esued  orders  to  the 
rigimental  quartermasters  to  make  return  of  all  the  pro- 
vision in  Camp  at  his  office  all  orders  obayed  when  Miller 
was  admited  into  office  and  hanted  his  return  in  and  notice 
taken  of  but  was  none  to  Spare  but  wiskey  he  Miller  was 
ordered  to  diliver  a  certain  quanty  to  others  that  had  none, 
he  refused  obediance  the  g.  Q.  had  his  Sword  hanging 
within  his  reach  before  him  at  the  wall  and  as  Soon  he  had 
the  disabediant  answer  the  crabbed  g.  Q.  a  Stout  man  took 
hold  of  his  Sword  and  Miller  laid  hold  of  his  to  draw  as  Soon 
the  g.  would  draw  and  by  this  time  tould  the  g.  that  the 
wiskey  was  his  property  and  that  he  had  brought  it  for  his 
own  men  and  not  for  any  other  use  and  then  parted  as 
friends.  I  must  mention  here  at  this  time  Peter  Miller  had 
but  little  to  concern  him  had  given  up  keping  a  public 
house  which  buisness  he  followed  from  Soon  after  he  re- 
turned from  Camp  his  distillery  was  still  in  opperation 
untill  his  decease  So  as  he  had  not  much  to  look  after  he 
Spent  his  most  time  in  my  room  conversing  with  me  and 
this  his  history  of  the  revolution  he  so  often  came  over. 
One  more  of  what  he  use  to  relate  to  me  and  this  that  i  am 
going  to  relate  took  place  in  the  year  1795  or  96  It  was  the 
time  that  wheat  the  first  time  failed  and  got  to  three  dollars 
a  bushel  and  at  that  time  the  been  diging  in  that  neighbor- 
hood at  the  union  Cannal  and  the  head  men  the  company 
got  to  come  from  england  and  who  visited  at  Lebanon  then 
and  as  the  diging  was  in  operation  he  got  brick  kilns  erected 
and  got  brick  burned  to  erect  brick  arches  over  the  same 
wherever  the  cannal  crossed  a  road  he  Peter  Miller  and 
grenewald  use  to  persuate  him  to  desist  of  doing  so  that 
this  was  too  expensive  as  there  where  Stones  plenty  duck 
out  of  the  cannal  to  do  built  bridges  with  but  for  the  present 
he  Should  put  plank  bridges  accross  the  cannal  till  it  would 
prove  to  answer,  he  the  Engineer  gave  them  to  answer  that 
the  germans  knoweth  nothing  about  Such  things,  but  he 
Soon  run  the  Company  Short  of  money  and  the  works 
abandoned  with  the  brick  arches  over,  This  failure  of  wheat 


East  Vincent  Township.  371 

took  place  in  this  time  that,  That  gentleman  had  so  plenty 
of  the  Com p any s  money  And  it  was  a  usual  custom  for  the 
heads  of  the  Town  to  meet  on  Saturdays,  convers  about 
matters  and  at  a  large  and  respectable  meeting  of  Citicens 
and  from  they  Surrounding  neighborhood  and  the  com- 
plaint of  every  one  was  that  they  were  Suffering  on  account 
of  bread  the  farmers  raised  not  much  Rye  only  for  horse 
feed  and  the  distileries  and  not  accustomed  to  eat  Rye  bread 
but  had  to  do  So  that  time,  but  reader  you  may  guise  or 
conject  what  bread  it  was  They  millers  not  know  how  to 
make  rye  flower  and  the  woman  not  know  how  to  bake  rye 
bread,  This  gentlemen  in  their  lamentation  burst  out  Say- 
ing, I  dont  care  a  damm  whether  wheat  grows  or  not  I  have 
to  buy  my  bread. 

I  have  on  page  7  made  mention  to  give  a  detailed  account 
of,  and  on  account  of  that  promise  i  Shall  have  to  Say  Some- 
thing I  had  intented  to  give  a  cercumstantial  detail  of  our 
coming  to  am  erica  but  the  time  and  circumsance  dose  hartly 
alow  me  to  do  so,  as  i  had  to  devote  more  time  as  i  expected 
in  respect  of  gathering  information.  At  the  first  time  i 
whent  through  the  Township  to  gather  information  I  took 
it  on  foot,  A  many  one  promised  me  to  put  in  writing  and 
Send  it  to  me  But  was  generally  nectlated  and  when  came 
to  record  that  what  i  had  gathered  I  was  obliged  to  be  out 
on  horseback  for  two  weeks  before  i  could  git  all  the  Satis- 
faction i  desired  which  caused  much  troble  and  delay  and 
every  time  i  whent  out  took  a  Sheet  of  paper  to  record  on 
which  was  the  cause  that  i  did  not  git  everything  in  row- 
tation  as  had  intented  at  first  and  often  had  to  interline  by 
looking  over  that  what  i  had  wrote  and  have  hardly  time 
to  look  over  the  intire,  i  have  write;  to  see  if  intirely  cor- 
rect, however  i  will  Say  Something  on  the  head  of  the  Sub- 
ject and  of  my  own  knowlage  Sence  i  came  to  this  country. 
It  must  be  familar  to  every  intelligent  reader  to  know  that 
in  urope,  those  that  learn  a  trade  by  the  laws  and  rools  of 
that  country  compelled  to  travel  wander  three  years  after 
their  apprenticeship,  And  when  a  boy  i  intened  to  learn  a 


372  East  Vincent  Township. 

trade,  and  when  about  Seven  years  of  age  the  Soldiers  came 
back  that  where  Send  to  america  by  The  King  of  france  to 
assist  the  revolutionists  in  arnerican  to  obtain  their  inde- 
pendence and  when  they  came  home  from  america  their 
acquaintences  and  relations  surrounding  them  to  hear  the 
news  that  they  had  to  relate  concerning  of  all  they  had  Seen, 
heard  and  known  of  america,  1  as  a  boy  listeoned  verry 
attendively  and  then  formed  a  resolution  That  if  ever  i 
Should  git  to  live  to  learn  a  trade,  that  then  i  would  travel 
to  the  United  States  of  america  (here  i  must  notice  how  it 
came  that  germans  where  Sent  here  by  the  french  king), 
By  the  National  Constitution  of  urope  where  all  the  mon- 
archs  of  urope  at  the  time  it  was  fraimed  affixed  their  names 
to;  it  then  became  the  duty  of  the  King  of  france,  to  keep 
12  german  Regiments  in  quarters  and  pays  in  france  and  to 
perform  the  Same  duties  as  the  french  Soldiers  did  each 
regiment  consisted  of  3000  men  and  by  the  name  of  the 
country  or  government  they  been  chieldren  from  and  when 
the  King  had  consented  to  Send  for  that  purpose  there  where 
Seven  men  drawn  out  of  each  rigement  in  france  to  corn- 
plead  the  number  he  had  promised,  here  reader  please  to 
recolect  these  twelve  rigements  where  all  children  of  that 
princes  dominion  whatever  name  it  bore  and  this  that  i  am 
speaking  of  was  the  rigement  of  Saarbrook  as  the  french 
term  it,  is  but  the  german  term  is  [torn]  ,  and  his  title 
the  house  or  family  of  Saarbrook;  Saarbrook  is  likwise 
the  name  of  the  capital  the  princes  residence  (but  now  at 
this  time  no  more,  it  belongs  to  the  King  of  prussia)  the 
prince  of  each  dominion  is  allways  their  general  commanter 
if  the  rigement  is  intire  called  to  action  and  this  rigement 
all  ways  had  their  head  quarters  at  Saarlauis  18  mile  down 
the  river  from  Saarbrook  (Saar  the  name  of  the  river  and 
brook  significe  the  bridge  accross  the  river  from  St.  John 
to  Saarbrook,  St.  John  was  surrounted  with  a  wall  and 
drain  fortification)  about  ten  mile  down  the  River  from 
Saarlauis  is  the  City  Trier  which  was  foundet  two  years 
before  Rohm  and  the  oldest  town  in  urope,  and  when  these 
men  where  to  be  Shipped  one  of  them  disserted  and  came 


East  Vincent  Township.  373 

home  be  was  loged  in  the  general  gaurd  house  and  next 
morning  reported  to  head  quarters,  he  the  prince  orthered 
him  to  be  brought  before  him,  this  man's  name  was  Jacob 
i  never  heard  him  been  called  by  any  other  name  but  had 
a  nickname  attached,  before,  that  which  was;  wistling 
Jacob,  because  he  was  all  ways  marry  hopping  and  wistling 
wherever  he  whent  and  when  brought  before  the  prince  he 
Said,  Jacob  i  thought  i  had  Send  you  to  america  to  fight, 
yes,  replied  Jacob,  But  your  most  pleasing  highness,  what 
Shall  i  go  their  for,  to  kill  people  or  they  me,  they  have  not 
laid  anything  in  my  way  nor  I  in  theirs  If  they  will  face 
man  for  man  before  me  I  will  Settle  all  amicable  with  them, 
The  prince  Struck,  by  this  answer  of  Jacob;  left  him  at 
liberty,  where  otherwise  6  balls  in  his  head  would  to  been 
the  consequence,  I  must  observe  here  that  f ranee  had  the 
right  by  that  constitution  to  make  use  of  the  entire  of  these 
12  rigements  in  time  of  war.  The  Emperer  of  austria  had 
only  the  right  to  draught  a  certain  number  when  he  was 
engaged  in  war  providing  france  was  not  a  party  engaged, 
however  it  came  to  pase,  that  in  the  Spring  of  1793  my 
father  with  his  family  and  7  families  more  left  for  america 
on  account  of  the  then  french  revolution,  had  they  french 
armies  in  quarters  for  six  monthes  previous  Father  Henry 
Sheeder  and  Clemens  Rentgen  Steel  factorers  had  received 
letters  two  years  before  that  time  and  one  Shortly  before 
they  left  of  the  Misses  Pott's  and  Hopert  from  Pottsgrove. 
They  in  tented  and  promised  them  to  erect  a  forge  for  them 
to  make  german  Steel  in  this  country,  They  would  to  never 
left  urope,  if  it  had  not  been  for  those  flatring  letters,  Hil- 
larions  Baker  then  Major  of  the  Citty  a  german  and  Brother- 
inlaw  of  Mr.  Hopert  use  to  write  the  letters  for  them,  we 
arrived  at  Philadelphia  in  October  of  the  first  Sickness  and 
the  five  families  been  put  to  boarding  with  another  Brother 
in  law  of  Mr.  Hopert,  I  think  his  name  was  Yeates  he  had 
left  the  City  and  resited  on  his  country  Seat  at  the  lower 
ferry,  two  weeks  till  wagons  been  Sent  by  the  Misses  Pottses 
&  Hopert  to  bring  them  to  Vincent  Township,  where  they 
then  been  at  erecting  works  first  a  Slitting  mill  which  was 


374  East  Vincent  Township. 

under  roof  when  we  arrived  and  as  father  had  entented  me 
to  be  his  Jurneman  to  make  Steel  had;  learned  the  Tailor 
trade  before  leving  urope,  here  we  all  worked  helping  to 
make  the  dam  at  erecting  Stabling  and  forge  to  macke  Steel 
but  the  Misses  Pottses  &  Hopert  had  Just  Such  a  millright 
as  the  union  cannal  Company  had  an  Engineer,  The  came 
over  from  Pottstown  allmost  every  Saturday  to  See  how  we 
where  coming  on  there  been  from  35  to  40  hands  at  work 
and  from  the  time  the  foundation  for  the  Steel  works  been 
Staked  off  and  allmost  every  time  after  the  Pottses  &  Hopert 
came  over  to  See  how  coming  on  Father  and  Rentgen  Spoke 
to  them  and  Cautioned  them  not  to  permit  that  millright  to 
go  on  as  he  had  becon  for  it  would  never  do  to  make  Steel 
in  Such  a  thing  as  this  Sumet  to  be  one,  none  of  our  folks 
culd  talk  to  the  Pottses  as  the  did  not  Speak  german  but 
Mr.  Hopert  did,  but  not  as  fluent  as  the  english  and  they 
then  all  ways  Spoke  to  Mr.  Hopert  and  Mr.  Hopert's  answer 
allways  was,  To  only  be  Satisfied  that  they  had  a  wise  and 
engenious  millright  and  he  would  make  all  right ;  here  are 
Mr.  Hoperts  words  in  german,  Meister  Schieder  sein  sie 
nur  zugfrieden  wier  haben  einen  kliigen  und  gescheiden 
man  der  wird  alles  gilt  machen. 

yes,  was  the  reply  of  father  and  Rentgen,  He  will  emty 
your  purs  for  you  and  then  you  will  git  to  See,  however 
father  and  Rentgen  as  in  progress  of  the  building  the  plainer 
the  could  See  that  there  was  no  prospect  for  them  to  make 
a  livelihood  by  their  trade  They  more  urchent  they  been 
pressing  the  cause  to  the  before  named  gentlemen  and  all- 
ways  been  put  off  by  the  Same  answer  and  at  last  been  tould 
that  they  had  Surity  for  the  millright  to  do  every  thing  to 
answer  then  they  tould  the  gentlemen  that  the  millright  had 
never  Seen  a  german  Steel  factory  and  that  They  could 
never  expect  of  him  erecting  one  When  at  last  the  mill- 
right  pronounced  it  finished  the  Pottses  &  Hopert  had  no- 
tice to  be  present  and  See  it  go  in  opporation  father  objected 
of  drawing  gate  They  requested  him  to  State  his  reason  he 
was  quick  of  telling  them  he  first  Stated  to  them  that  all 
Mashinery  that  was  fixet  to  convey  the  wind  to  the  furnace 


East  Vincent  Township.  375 

and  if  that  even  would  answer  none  of  the  rest  would 
answer  however  at  last  they  prevailed  on  father  to  draw 
gate  the  millright  had  his  horse  rady  and  Saddld  and  off  he 
whent  like  wind  and  i  never  heard  of  they  ever  got  to  See 
him  again ;  father  at  last  drew  gate  but  in  less  than  no  time 
They  gentlemen  been  convinced  of  their  error  They  got  it 
oaltered  So  as  to  make  Some  Tons  of  raw  Steel  i  left  and 
whent  to  Philadelphia  to  work  at  my  trade  and  father  and 
Rentgen  left  Some  time  after,  If  it  was  not  for  the  posterity  to 
know  where,  and  that,  german  Steel  had  been  manufactored 
in  this  country  and  in  this  Township  I  Should  not  to  made 
any  mention  about  it  and  was  brought  to  perfaction  but  not 
here  on  the  Pottses  works,  The  Pottses  turned  these  works 
to  make  or  forge  iron  and  was  carried  on  for  Some  fifteen 
years  and  Clement  Rentgen  purchased  it  but  never  whent 
in  opporation  and  lays  idle  evesince,  father  was  endused  by 
Jacob  Lesher  deceased  late  of  Pottstown  to  come  to  him  he 
would  erect  Steel  works  for  him  the  place  where  them 
works  been  erected  was  called,  long  Swamp  Macuntia  Town- 
ship Berks  County  now  Trezlers  iron  works  father  whent 
and  the  works  been  erected  to  all  Satisfaction  and  father 
made  Steel  at  that  place  for  Som  6  or  9  monthes  but  the 
Stream  too  light  near  the  head  of  the  little  lehigh  and  on 
that  account  could  not  be  kept  in  opporation  i  think  it  was 
in  the  year  1795  or  6  that  his  Jurneman  got  Sick  and  he 
sent  me  a  letter  to  come  and  take  his  place  I  accordingly 
did  and  in  September  father  quit  on  account  of  the  insuffi- 
ciency of  the  water.  Lesher  turned  it  into  an  Iron  forge,  to 
forge  iron  takes  but  about  half  the  water  as  Steel  this 
requires  more  wind  and  to  quarter  the  first  lump  out  of  the 
furnace  is  about  4  times  as  large  <fc  heavier  an  iron  lump, 
and  carried  under  the  hammer  by  a  Crane  or  Swivel  and  the 
lump  hammerd  tough  and  cut  into  four  equal  pieces  before 
it  can  be  worked  into  bars,  and  when  this  process  was  in 
opporation  the  head  of  the  water  was  gone,  then  Mr.  Eckerd 
at  the  musilum  above  Reading  turned  his  forge  into  a  Steel 
forge  and  bought  of  Lesher  the  Tackling  and  father  whent 
there  and  worked  Some  time  and  for  Some  cause  i  believe 


376  East  Vincent  Township. 

it  was  the  purse  that  failed  to  keep  it  in  opperation ;  in  the 
meantime  Clement  Rentgen  whent  to  Cristopher  Haus  at 
french  creek  Nantmil  Township  and  Knauer  erected  a  tilt 
for  him  where  he  factured  Shovels  Spads  and  hoes  and 
their  he  invented  to  make  the  round  Bar  iron  obtained  a 
patent  and  could  not  suply  the  demand  for  that  article,  he 
was  not  able  to  Suply  with  one  tilt  and  in  the  year  1804  or 
there  about  purchased  a  Site  of  Samuel  Hirsh  where  the 
royal  Spring  run  emties  into  french  creek  and  erected  a  tilt 
and  other  Sufficient  builtings  to  carry  on  two  Tilts  as  Soon 
the  house  was  finished  him  and  family  moved  here  and  put 
Peter  grund  to  the  one  he  had  moved  from  to  carry  on  the 
buisness  in  Rentgen's  name  by  paying  him  Thirty  dollars 
for  every  ton  he  would  or  could  make  Rentgen  had  all  the 
troble  to  see  from  where  the  Bar  iron  could  be  got  to  pay 
for  and  to  Send  an  invoice  with  the  Teams  that  hauled  the 
iron  and  to  git  the  mony  for  the  same  to  pay  to  Peter 
grund  for  his  work  the  rent  to  Knauer  for  which  Rentgen 
was  good  for  and  Rentgen  then  had  live  dollars  per  ton  for 
all  that  grund  made  for  him.  i  have  to  remark  here  that 
when  Rentgen  had  bought  a  place  for  himself  he  tould  Mr. 
Knauer  that  he  Should  not  be  uneasey  about  loosing  his 
rent  that  he  would  Still  pay  him  his  Rent  if  his  tilt  would 
lay  idle  or  do  buisness  and  tould  him  that  he  was  going  to 
put  P.  grund  there  to  carry  the  buisness  on  for  him  and 
under  his  direction  Peter  grund  was  an  apprentice  to  Rent- 
gen  in  germany  and  worked  three  years  Juneman  with  him 
before  coming  here,  Rentgen  brought  him  along  to  be  his 
Juneman  here  but  as  their  buisness  did  not  prosper  Ground 
in  the  mean  time  had  learned  the  blacksmith  trade  and  fol- 
lowed it  at  this  time  when  Rentgen  put  him  to  this  tilt,  Mr. 
Knauer  Begrudged  Rentgen  the  five  dollars  and  persuated 
grund  to  make  the  iron  and  take  it  to  Philadelphia  himself 
and  Sel  it  and  put  thim  five  dollars  in  his  own  pocket 
ground  took  Knauers  adwise  and  done  So  then  whent  to 
Phila.  his  tilt  Stood  idle  and  when  come  home  had  to  go 
from  forge  to  forge  to  See  where  to  git  bars  and  pay  for 
and  Sold  his  iron  in  Town  for  the  Same  that  Rentgen  had 


East  Vincent  Township.  377 

paid  him,  Rentgen  called  on  them  to  git  them  not  to  persist 
in  their  pursuit  but  of  no  avail  Rentgen  was  compelled  to 
have  a  notice  Served  on  them  by  the  united  States  Marshal 
and  when  he  had  executed  the  dutys  of  his  office  on  grund 
and  Knauer  Knauer  Said  that  he  did  regard  that  paper  for 
not  more  as  to  .  .  .  .,  Knauer  had  the  trial 
putt  off  Several  times  and  when  at  last  comon  got  grund  to 
be  a  witness  and  grund  gave  testemony  that  Rentgen  had 
not  been  the  inventer  of  making  of  the  round  iron  for  he 
had  learned  his  trade  with  him  in  urope  and  rentgen  lost 
the  Suit  and  his  patent  was  void  by  the  laws  of  our  country. 
Reader  now  recollect  its  a  fact  that  Peter  grund  learned  his 
trade  with  Rentgen  in  germany  but  that  was  refining  Steel, 
from  the  first  opporation  its  in  a  raw  State  for  no  perticular 
use  as,  to  lay  plough  irons  with,  for  in  some  places  in  a  bar 
it  will  when  cold  brake  like  glass  and  at  an  other  as  tough 
as  iron,  And  in  the  time  rentgen  worked  at  Knaurs  he 
refined  for  the  Pottses  that  raw  Steel  that  father  made  at 
Vincent  works;  Peter  grund  came  to  Rentgen  which  is 
quit  bright  to  my  recolution  and  him  nor  Rentgen  never 
heard  or  Seen  of  any  round  iron  been  made  as  that  by  a 
blacksmith,  But  i  often  had  heard  Rentgen  relating  that  he 
had,  had  a  brother  many  years  in  advance  of  him  that  had 
been  the  invender  of  drawing  the  wire  and  those  factories 
in  germany  are  called  Draftzug  which  is  wire  drawer,  after 
all  this  troble  and  waist  time  Rentgen  Invented  of  theroling 
the  round  iron  but  never  applid  for  a  patent  on  account  of 
Knaur  expresed  himself;  however  this  rolling  of  the  round 
iron  flew  like  wind  to  england  and  the  marked  Soon  over 
Stoked  and  Rentgens  works  are  idle  eversince  Rentgeu  then 
invented  the  making  of  Cannon  and  crape  Shot  of  as 
Smooth  as  ever  a  Small  Shot  was  factored  He  sent  two  boxes 
to  Washington  for  examination  and  inspection  The  war  de- 
partment approved  of  them,  but  he  got  no  further  incorage- 
ment,  and  of  this  process  the  world  is  ignorant  of  excepting 
the  two  Surviving  Sons  Christian  and  Peter  Rentgen,  So 
these  inventions  all  had  their  origin  of  this  one  man  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Vincent  at  French  creek  in  Chester  County 


378  East  Vincent  Township. 

and  the  old  Lady  lives  with  her  three  children  in  Vincent 
and  the  owner  of  all  the  old  gentleman's  property  and  here 
the  old  gentleman  deceased.  A  Mr.  Voigt  or  Vocht ;  The 
head  of  the  United  States  Mint  at  Phila.  pronounced  the 
Steel  that  was  made  here  better  as  ever  any  had  com  from 
urope  They  then  used  none  but  german  Steel  for  the  die  to 
coin.  Mathew  Davis  his  request  continued  and  by  the  re- 
quest made  to  him  by  Dr.  Andrew  Bush,  By  an  Note  hanted 
by  him  to  me  to  State  That  in  the  year  1810  general  Will- 
iam Brooke  of  Darby  Delaware  County  had  called  at  his 
house,  David'es  and  desired  him  to  take  a  walk  with  him 
the  general,  to  Pidgon  creek  a  Short  distance  from  his 
house  and  when  we  came  to  where  Custards  mill  now 
Stands  he  the  general  tould  me  that,  That  was  the  place 
where  his  grandfather  had  intented  to  Settle  his  family 
Then  lived  at  Roxborrough  Township  Phila.  County  That 
then  left  home  with  a  pair  of  horsies  and  a  man  to  assist  him 
falling  timber  to  erect  a  Sawmill  on  this  Spot,  they  becan 
cutting  and  as  they  where  cuting  at  a  tree  The  man  quit  cut- 
ing  Mr.  Brooke  asked  him  why  he  quit  cuting,  he  Said  that 
he  was  afraid  the  tree  would  fall  on  him  and  kill  him,  he 
was  tould  that  he  could  See  how  the  tree  would  fall,  h« 
then  cut  a  few  Strokes  and  quit  and  expressing  himself  in 
the  Same  manner  Mr.  Brooke  tould  him  then  to  go  out  of 
the  way  and  he  would  fall  the  tree  himself,  he  whent  as  he 
thought  out  of  danger  The  tree  fell  and  Sprung  a  Saplin 
which  thro  wed  a  limb  and  killed  him,  So  Mr.  Brooke  left 
the  place  and  never  returned  again  to  Settle  here  but  after- 
wards Settled  in  Limrick  Township.  I  had  Says  Mr.  Davis 
related  this  circumstance  to  Some  of  my  neighbors  and 
when  D.  Custard  was  diging  out  for  his  works,  the  bones  of 
a  person  been  found  and  some  thought  that  they  probable 
been  the  bones  of  that  person,  end  of  Mathew  Davis  Esqr. 
Here  i  now  give  the  promised  anecdote  of  page  17.  The  fall 
of  when  general  Jackson  the  first  time  run  for  president, 
about  two  weeks  before  the  Election  I  been  at  West  Chester 
and  wile  there  general  Barnhard  came  thrice  to  me  to  con- 
verse with  me  and  in  the  thirth  conversation,  he  made  men- 


East  Vincent  Township.  379 

tion  of  how  much  he  had  assisted  to  improve  West  Chester 
and  made  mention  of  the  number  of  houses  and  huiltings  he 
caused  to  been  erected  and  made  mention  of  the  Sum  of  his 
tax  amounted  to  a  year  And  then  Said  to  me  That  he  had 
understood  that  i  was  contributing  a  great  'ell  to  improve 
the  country  that  i  lived  in  I  answered  him  that  i  thought 
was  doing  my  Share  and  then  asked  me  how  much  tax  I 
was  paying  per  year  i  answred,  i  had  not  counted  up,  but 
was  double  that  he  had  Said  that  he  pays  Then  asked  how 
many  builting  I  had  erected  i  answred  that  i  would  have  to 
count  first  and  counted  twenty  two  with  roofs  on  besides 
others  that  had  no  roofs  on  them ;  The  time  i  been  with 
Jesse  Brumback  and  when  he  hanted  me  the  Coppy  of  his 
great  grandfather's  will,  he  the  same  time  tould  me  that  he 
would  let  me  have  his  fathers  Journall  That  he  had  kept 
when  out  in  the  westren  expedition,  I  refused  exepting  of  it 
by  telling  him  that  i  allways  had  considered  that  A  disgrace 
to  the  State  and  the  less  observation  would  be  made  of  The 
better,  and  likewise  tould  him  that  whenever  i  had  been  in 
conversation  when  this  Subject  came  to  be  a  topic  That  then 
i  had  allways  in  the  following  maner  expressed  myself;  That 
good  democrats  Should  to  never  from  that  time  out  Tasted 
a  trop  of  wisky ;  I  been  the  first  church  man  in  these  parts 
of  the  country  That  refused  giving  liquors  to  workmen  as  i 
could  persive  no  good  derive  from  giving  it  and  never  made 
it  a  custom  to  use  it  out  in  the  field  in  haymaking  and  har- 
vasting  but  the  paid  the  hands  12 J  cts.  more  wages  to  buy 
it  themselfs  But  i  never  followed  that  custom  when  i  quit  I 
did  quit,  Then  at  times  when  i  asked  hands  to  help  me 
harvesting  Some  would  ask  me,  do  you  give  liquor  N"o  was 
the  answer  Then  the  reply  was  Than  i  Shant  help  you  And 
then  reasoning  with  him  on  the  Subject  that,  That  was  lead- 
ing the  working  folks  to  their  destruction  here  and  to  come, 
and  so  got  a  maney  a  one  confess  and  others  could  not,  See  or 
at  least  did  pertend  not  to  See  and  to  them  i  Said  that  if  i 
could  not  git  my  hay  and  grain  in  without  wisky  That  then 
i  would  Sooner  See  it  rot  on  the  field,  and  from  time  to  time 
It  was  abandoned  giving  liquor  in  the  fields  and  i  belive 


380  East   Vincent   Township. 

there  are  but  two  in  these  parts  that  give  it  to  this  day.  I 
never  begrudged  a  man  taking  a  dram  as  is  generally  termed 
But  making  beasts  of  themselfs  I  could  never  approve  of, 
and  can  Safely  Say  that  i  never  brought  one  quart  of  any 
kind  of  Liquor  to  my  house  for  my  own  use  and  allways 
cautioned  those  that  made  a  general  use  of  it,  to  desist  of 
using  it,  when  i  first  Settled  here  i  may  Safely  say  that  one 
thirth  of  the  inhabitants  of  this  Township  did  not  attent  to 
any  worship  but  baccus  bacchanels,  but  must  Say  to  the 
Credit  of  but  few  That  a  great  change  has  taken  place  in  my 
time  respecting  refinement  and  where  we  meet  at  numborous 
gatherings  we  observe  but  few  blooding  faces  like  wild  bul- 
locks as  in  former  times,  in  those  times  people  could 
hardly  gather  anywhere  but  some  had  to  go  home  with 
brused  and  bloddy  faces  They  did  not  considered  a  meeting 
honorable  where  was  no  fighing  took  place  to  have  Some- 
thing to  talk  about  thereafter  and  even  in  harvastimes  there 
was  no  funn  to  talk  about  if  it  came  off  without  a  fight,  or 
from  one  two  or  three  laying  in  the  fance  corner  long  before 
night  and  when  came  to  Supper  to  take  first  a  dram  when 
even  they  had  too  much  allrady  and  then  again  after  Supper 
to  take  a  Starting  dram  we  read  that  after  god  had  created 
all  and  cast  over  it  all,  he  had  formed  he  pronounced  it  all 
good  and  then  gave  direction  how  people  to  make  use  of  all 
he  had  made  and  created  and  all  to  their  benifit,  but  not  to 
their  destruction. 

Now  as  to  give  an  account  of  the  number  of  Inhabitants 
&c.,  You  can  best  be  furnished  with,  by  making  application 
to  the  County  Commissioners  which  would  be  more  correct 
as  i  could  be  able  to  do ;  And  if  anything  in  this  report  is 
represented  reprehensive,  then  draw  a  black  line  over  the 
Same  and  if  anything  lacking  as  to  intelligibly  if  you  inform 
me  of  I  will  try  to  rectify  the  Same. 

Respectfully  yours  &c., 

FREDERICK  SHEEDER. 

EAST  VINCENT,  at  Sheeders  industry,  February  18the  1846. 


Thomas  Sully's  Register  of  Portraits,  1801-1871.    381 


THOMAS  SULLY'S  REGISTER  OF  PORTRAITS 

1801-1871. 

ADDENDA  AND  CORRIGENDA. 

BY   CHARLES    HENRY    HART. 

Since  the  publication  of  the  above  work  in  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Magazine  of  History  and  Biography  for  October,  1908, 
and  January  and  April,  1909,  and  its  revised  issue  in  book 
form,  a  number  of  errors  and  new  matters  have  come  to  light 
that  are  important  to  be  noted  to  make  the  work  of  greater 
value  as  a  book  of  reference. 

Page  10.  The  statement  that  the  portrait  of  Queen  Victoria 
"  was  the  first  painted  of  the  young  Queen  after  her  coronation," 
is  a  manifest  error,  occasioned  by  following  the  statement  to 
this  effect  often  repeated  in  print  and  which  was  discovered 
as  soon  as  the  book  appeared.  The  date  of  the  portrait 
"May  15,  1838 "  negatives  the  statement.  Victoria  suc- 
ceeded to  the  throne  June  20, 1837,  but  was  not  crowned  until 
June  28,  1838,  so  that  her  portrait  was  painted,  by  Sully,  six 
weeks  before  her  coronation,  instead  of  after.  In  this  connec- 
tion it  may  be  well  to  state  that  Sully  dated  his  pictures, 
logically,  when  they  were  finished,  but  of  course  entered 
them  in  his  record  when  they  were  begun.  Consequently  the 
dates  in  the  Register  and  upon  the  canvases  often  disagree, 
which  accounts  for  the  differences  in  this  respect  that  have 
been  noticed.  For  instance,  1751,  the  whole  length  of  Queen 
Victoria,  belonging  to  the  St.  George's  Society,  of  Philadelphia, 
is  dated  on  the  canvas  "  1839,"  while  in  the  Register  it  is 
given  as  "  1838." 

No.  4.  The  statement  in  the  note  that  "The  head  in  this 
picture  was  after  Stuart,"  is  wholly  incorrect.  The  portrait 
is  an  original  painted  from  life  by  Sully,  the  figure  seated  at 
a  table  in  a  library. 

No.  6.  The  statement  in  the  note  after  "  It  was  then  given 
to  Harvard  and  is  now  in  Memorial  Hall"  is  erroneous  and 
was  occasioned  by  accepting  an  account  of  the  picture  at 
second-hand.  No.  6,  is  a  whole  length  figure,  standing,  now 


382    Thomas  Sully's  Register  of  Portraits,  1801-1811. 

in  the  Harvard  Union  and  Sully  necessarily  had  to  make 
sketches  for  it  as  it  differs  entirely  from  No.  4. 

Nos.  19  and  20.  Should  be  "Heman  Allen." 

No.  54.  Author  of  De  Colonia  Nova  Svecia  in  Americam 
Borealem  deducta  historiola.  Upsalise.  1825.  It  contains  a 
biographical  list  of  the  Swedish  ministers  in  the  American 
colonies. 

No.  67.  Daughter  of  191.  Owned  by  William  H.  Badger, 
Wayne,  Pa. 

No.  156.  Elizabeth  Blair  married  S.  P.  Lee,  997. 

No.  181.  The  note  to  this  portrait  is  an  error.  The  portrait 
of  Elias  Boudinot,  belonging  to  the  American  Bible  Society, 
is  by  Waldo  and  Jewett.  The  Sully  portrait  is  wholly  differ-' 
ent,  the  head  in  which  has  been  engraved  by  J.  Boyd. 

No.  191.  Father  of  67.  Owned  by  William  H.  Badger, 
Wayne,  Pa. 

Nos.  214  and  216.  Owned  by  William  Cabell  Bruce,  Staun- 
ton  Hill,  Charlotte  county,  Virginia. 

No.  279.  A  portrait  of  Charles  Carroll,  attributed  to  Sully, 
was  presented  to  the  Historical  Society  of  Massachusetts,  by 
George  B.  Chase,  in  1885. 

No.  290.  Owned  by  the  College  of  Physicians,  Philadelphia. 

No.  305.  Owned  by  Elihu  Chauncey,  New  York. 

No.  396.  In  the  note  the  engraver's  name  should  have  been 
"P.  H.  Reason"  and  not  "T.  B.  Welch."  396,  was  engraved 
on  wood  by  T.  Johnson  for  the  Century  Magazine  for  June, 
1891. 

No.  440.  Owned  by  Joseph  Wright,  Philadelphia. 

No.  525.  The  word  " wrongfully'  in  the  note  should  be 
"wrongly". 

No.  571.  Owned  by  Brig.  General  James  Forney,  U.  S.  M.  C., 
Philadelphia. 

No.  602.  Was  engraved  by  John  Sartain. 

No.  625  and  628.  The  orthography  of  the  name  in  the  note 
should  be  "Gilmor"  not  "Gilmore". 

No.  632.  Owned  by  John  M.  Glenn,  New  York. 

No.  638.  Owned  by  Mrs.  Hannah  E.  Wilson,  Jenkintown,  Pa. 

No.  666.  Mother  of  Mrs.  Thomas  I.  Wharton.  Owned  by 
Mrs.  Charles  B.  Coxe,  Philadelphia. 

Nos.  675  and  676.  Were  father  and  son. 


Thomas  Sully' s  Register  of  Portraits,  1801-1871.    383 

No.  822.  Father  Thomas  Hurley.  Owned  by  St.  Augus- 
tine's Church,  Philadelphia. 

No.  832.  Was  Sarah  E.  Roberts,  sister  of  322  and  1551. 

No.  861.  Elizabeth  Willing  Jackson,  d.  1821,  aet.  18.  Owned 
by  Pennsylvania  Academy  of  the  Fine  Arts. 

No.  879.  The  orthography  of  the  name  in  the  note  should 
be  "Cowperthwait". 

No.  902.  David  S.  Jones  (1777-1848)  Corporation  Counsel 
of  New  York.  Owned  by  the  Brook  Club,  New  York. 

No.  911.  Stonewall  Jackson's  first  wife  was  Miss  Junkin, 
not  his  sister  Mrs.  Junkin. 

Nos.  918  and  922.  Sold  at  the  sale  of  the  collection  of 
pictures  belonging  to  Joseph  Harrison,  Jr.,  of  Philadelphia, 
February  23,  1910,  for  $125  and  $100,  respectively. 

925.  Sully  painted  two  copies  of  this  in  1860,  which  he 
entered  in  his  record  simply  as  "Beatrice."  One  sold  at  the 
Harrison  sale  (supra)  for  $1600. 

No.  926.  Owned  by  the  Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  Boston. 

No.  955.  Owned  by  the  Masonic  Temple,  Philadelphia. 

No.  975.  Owned  by  Mrs.  Alfred  T.  Mahan,  New  York. 

No.  976.  Owned  by  C.  Hartman  Kuhn,  Philadelphia. 

No.  998.  Erase  from  note,  "possibly  156".  998  is  a  copy 
of  1004,  whose  maiden  name  was  Shapleigh.  Owned  by  Albert 
Rosenthal,  Philadelphia. 

No.  1022.  Owned  by  grand-daughter,  Mrs.  Carl  Jooss, 
Munich,  Germany. 

No.  1050.  Sold  at  Harrison  Sale  (supra)  for  $225. 

No.  1059.  Exhibited  at  Pennsylvania  Academy  of  the 
Fine  Arts  in  1831.  Owned  by  Gilbert  S.  Parker,  Philadelphia. 

No.  1084.  Owned  by  George  McCall,  Philadelphia. 

No.  1108.  Owned  by  Mrs.  Oliver  A.  Judson,  Philadelphia. 

No.  1109.  Married  William  Boyce,  U.  S.  A.  Owned  by 
Mrs.  Oliver  A.  Judson,  Philadelphia.  Vide  1547  and  1548. 

No.  1132.  Wife  of  William  H.  Macfarland,  of  Richmond, 
Va.  Owned  by  Mrs.  John  M.  Glenn,  New  York. 

No.  1221.  Owned  by  Herbert  Norris,  M.D.,  Philadelphia. 

No.  1299.  Erase  all  in  note  after  "  1823."  Sold  at  Harrison 
sale  (supra)  for  $225.  Owned  by  Mrs.  Sabin  W.  Colton,  Jr., 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

No.  1332.  Engraved  by  John  Sartain. 


384    Thomas  Sully's  Register  of  Portraits,  1801-1871. 

No.  1360.  Sully  exhibited  at  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of 
the  Fine  Arts  in  1831,  "John  Hare  Powel  after  Lawrence". 
This  was  doubtless  1360  and  not  Col.  Powel's  ancestor. 

No.  1385.  Owned  by  Mrs.  John  W.  Burke,  Alexandria,  Va. 

No.  1388.  Owned  by  Mrs.  Moorfield  Storey,  Boston,  Mass. 

No.  1389.  The  picture  in  Griswold's  Republican  Court  is 
not  Sully's  portrait  of  Mrs.  Randolph,  although  stated  to  be 
so  on  the  print. 

No.  1392.  Owned   by  Herbert    Norris,  M.D.,  Philadelphia. 

No.  1399.  Mary  S.  Drinker,  wife  of  Samuel  Rhoads  and 
mother  of  Mrs.  Tobias  Wagner,  of  Philadelphia. 

No.  1413  to  1416.  One  of  these  portraits  is  owned  by  J.  R. 
Barton  Willing,  Philadelphia. 

No.  1440.  Owned  by  the  subject,  Mrs.  Talbot  Mercer  Rogers, 
Haverford,  Pa. 

No.  1492.  The  portrait  of  Miss  Sigoigne,  mentioned  in  the 
note  as  being  at  Andalusia,  is  not  by  Sully,  but  the  work  of 
Bass  Otis. 

No.  1547.  Elizabeth  McEuen,  wife  of  James  Smith,  sister 
of  1108.  Owned  by  Mrs.  Oliver  A.  Judson,  Philadelphia. 

No.  1548.  Emily  McEuen  wife  of  Joseph  Smith.  Vide  1 108. 
Owned  by  Mrs.  Oliver  A.  Judson,  Philadelphia. 

No.  1678.  Not  owned  by  U.  S.  Military  Academy  at  West 
Point,  as  stated  in  note,  but  by  Dartmouth  College,  Han- 
over, N.  H. 

No.  1710.  Owned  by  the  Brook  Club,  New  York. 

No.  1762.  Mehitabel  Russell,  wife  of  Jeremiah  Wadsworth. 
Owned  by  Charles  A.  Brinley,  Phila. 

Nos.  1803  to  1806.  One  of  these  sold  at  the  Harrison  sale 
(supra)  for  $230. 

No.  1877.  This  is  an  entirely  different  portrait  from  1878 
and  1879. 

No.  1932.  Sully  Thomas.  Head,  14ix20J.  Signed  "Thos. 
Sully,  Aet.  25,  June  1809."  This  portrait  was  painted  for  his 
sister,  Mrs.  Middleton  Smith,  of  Charleston,  S.  C.,  on  the  eve 
of  his  sailing  for  England,  June  10,  1809,  and  is  not  entered 
in  the  Register. 


THE 

PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE 

OF 

HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 

VOL.  XXXIV.  1910.  No.  4 

JEFFEESON'S  KECOLLECTIONS  OF  PATEICK  HENEY. 

CONTRIBUTED    BY    STAN.    V.    HENKEL8. 

[In  collecting  material  for  his  memoirs  of  the  great  Virginia  orator 
Patrick  Henry,  William  Wirt  naturally  turned  to  Jefferson,  who  for 
upwards  of  twenty  years  had  been  on  terms  of  familiar  intercourse,  and 
politically  acted  in  concert  with  him,  for  assistance.  The  following 
correspondence  will  therefore  be  read  with  interest.  The  originals  are 
in  the  Manuscript  Collection  of  John  Gribbel,  Esq.] 

Q  WlLLIAMSBURG,  July  23,  1805. 

iJR  oIR. 

In  this  intermission  of  your  public  labours,  I  hope  there 
may  be  nothing  improper  in  begging  the  aid  of  your  mem- 
ory towards  a  little  literary  project  which  I  have  on  foot. 
I  am  collecting  memoirs  of  the  late  Patrick  Henry.  His 
life  and  example  appear  to  me  to  afford  some  fine  lessons. 
His  faults  as  well  as  virtues  will  be  instructive,  and  I  pro- 
pose to  myself  to  be  his  biographer;  not  his  panegyrist.  I 
find  much  difficulty  in  collecting  materials  such  as  will 
enable  me  to  render  this  work  interesting.  The  materials 
which  I  collect  are  too  general  and  jejune ;  there  is  nothing 
in  them  which  brings  me  near  to  the  character  of  Mr. 
Henry  or  which  will  enable  me  to  bring  my  reader  so. 

After  such  repeated  proofs  of  the  perfidy  and  treachery 
of  man,  as  you  have  experienced,  I  am  almost  afraid  to  ask 
or  to  hope  that  you  will  trust  me  with  free  communications 
concerning  Mr.  Henry. 

VOL.  xxxiv. — 25  (385) 


386        Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry. 

From  the  very  little  indeed  that  you  know  of  me ;  I  feel 
considerable  difficulty  in  making  this  request ;  but  I  know 
that  you  confide,  justly,  in  your  nephews  Peter  &  Dabney 
Carr  and  to  them  I  am  intimately  known.  If  you  find 
their  report  of  me  such  as  I  anticipate,  you  will  believe  the 
assurance  which  I  now  give  you  on  my  honor,  that  any  com- 
munications which  you  shall  be  pleased  to  confide  to  me, 
shall  be  seen  by  no  eyes,  but  my  own,  and  that  they  shall 
be  returned  to  you  aa  soon  as  I  have  used  them.  I  am 
peculiarly  anxious  on  this  subject  because  I  know,  from  your 
thorough  acquaintance  with  Mr.  Henry,  that  information  so 
minute,  authentic  and  interesting  as  you  could  give  would 
be  alone  sufficient  to  stamp  the  highest  value  on  my  work. 

It  would,  I  think,  be  a  capital  embellishment  to  the  piece 
to  paint,  at  least  in  the  back  ground,  the  groupe  of  eminent 
men  with  whom  he  acted.  You  knew  them  all,  personally 
and  intimately,  and  would  perhaps  find  it  not  too  trouble- 
some to  favor  me  with  a  short  character  of  each  of  them — 
his  competitors  at  the  bar,  in  the  Virginia  house  of  burgess 
&  in  the  old  congress. 

I  experience  much  solicitude  in  sending  this  letter  to  you. 
I  would  not  for  any  consideration  that  you  should  think  me 
either  presumptuous  or  troublesome.  Let  me  hope  that 
you  will  not  think  me  so-^on  the  contrary,  if  it  be  at  all 
disagreable  to  you,  either  for  the  want  of  time  or  inclina- 
tion, to  grant  this  request,  I  beg  that  you  will  reject  it, 
without  a  moment's  regret.  Such  a  circumstance  could 
not,  in  any  degree,  diminish  the  profound  and  increasing 
respect  &  esteem,  with  which  I  am,  Dear  Sir, 

Yr  du.  Serv. 

WM.  WIRT. 

MONTICELLO  Aug.  4. 

DEAR  SIR 

Your  favor  of  July  24.  has  been  duly  received :  and  I 
feel  every  disposition  to  comply  with  your  request  respecting 
mr  Henry :  but  I  fear  to  promise  from  a  doubt  whether  my 
occupations  would  permit  me  the  time  requisite  to  recollect 


Jefferson  s  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry.        387 

and  commit  to  paper  the  facts  respecting  him  which  were 
within  my  own  knolege ;  as  we  had  a  very  familiar  inter- 
course for  upwards  of  20  years,  &  ran  our  course  nearly 
together,  during  this  our  political  principles  being  the 
same,  we  acted  in  perfect  concert  until  the  year  1781.  I 
witnessed  the  part  he  bore  in  nearly  all  the  great  questions 
of  that  period,  &  perhaps  could  recollect  some  anecdotes 
not  uninteresting,  he  was  certainly  the  man  who  gave  the 
first  impulse  to  the  ball  of  revolution,  were  I  to  give 
his  character  in  general  terms,  it  would  be  of  mixed  aspect. 
I  think  he  was  the  best  humored  man  in  society  I  almost 
ever  knew,  and  the  greatest  orator  that  ever  lived,  he  had 
a  consumate  knolege  of  the  human  heart,  which  directing 
the  efforts  of  his  eloquence  enabled  him  to  attain  a  degree 
of  popularity  with  the  people  at  large  never  perhaps  equalled, 
his  judgment  in  other  matters  was  inaccurate,  in  matters  of 
law  it  was  not  worth  a  copper :  he  was  avaritious  &  rotten 
hearted,  his  two  great  passions  were  the  love  of  money  & 
of  fame:  but  when  these  came  into  competition  the  former 
predominated.  If  the  work  you  propose  is  not  destined  to 
come  out  speedily  I  will  endeavor  to  recollect  what  may  be 
of  use  to  it.  be  assured  I  want  the  testimony  of  nobody  as 
to  the  honorable  use  you  would  make  of  my  communica- 
tions. Accept  my  friendly  salutations  &  assurances  of  sincere 
esteem  &  respect.  TH  .  jEFFBRgON 

MR.  WIRT 

My  acquaintance  with  mr.  Henry  commenced  in  the  win- 
ter of  1759-60.  on  my  way  to  the  college  I  passed  the 
Christmas  holidays  at  Colo.  Dandridge's  in  Hanover,  to 
whom  mr.  Henry  was  a  near  neighbor,  during  the  festivity 
of  the  season  I  met  him  in  society  every  day,  and  we  be- 
came well  acquainted,  altho'  I  was  much  his  junior,  being 
then  in  my  17th.  year,  &  he  a  married  man.  the  spring  fol- 
lowing he  came  to  Williamsburg  to  obtain  a  license  as  a 
lawyer,  and  he  called  on  me  at  College,  he  told  me  he 
had  been  reading  law  only  6.  weeks,  two  of  the  examiners 


388        Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry. 

however,  Peyton  &  John  Randolph,  men  of  great  facility  of 
temper,  signed  his  license  with  as  much  reluctance  as  their 
dispositions  would  permit  them  to  shew.  Mr.  Wythe  abso- 
lutely refused.  Rob.  C.  Nicholas  refused  also  at  first,  but, 
on  repeated  importunities  &  promises  of  future  reading,  he 
signed,  these  facts  I  had  afterwards  from  the  gentlemen  them- 
selves, the  two  Randolphs  acknoleging  he  was  very  ignorant 
of  law,  but  that  they  perceived  him  to  be  a  young  man  of 
genius  &  did  not  doubt  he  would  soon  qualify  himself. 

He  was,  some  time  after,  elected  a  representative  of  the 
county  of  Hanover,  &  brought  himself  into  public  notice  on 
the  following  occasion  which  I  think  took  place  in  1762.  or 
a  year  sooner  or  later,  the  gentlemen  of  this  country  had 
at  that  time  become  deeply  involved  in  that  state  of  indebt- 
ment  which  has  since  ended  in  so  general  a  crush  of  their 
fortunes.  Robinson,  the  Speaker,  was  also  Treasurer,  an 
officer  always  chosen  by  the  assembly,  he  was  an  excellent 
man,  liberal,  friendly,  &  rich,  he  had  been  drawn  in  to 
lend,  on  his  own  account,  great  sums  of  money  to  persons 
of  this  description,  &  especially  those  who  were  of  the 
assembly.  He  used  freely  for  this  purpose  the  public 
money,  confiding,  for  it's  replacement,  in  his  own  means,  & 
the  securities  he  had  taken  on  those  loans,  about  this  time 
however  he  became  sensible  that  his  deficit  to  the  public 
was  become  so  enormous  as  that  a  discovery  must  soon  take 
place,  for  as  yet  the  public  had  no  suspicion  of  it.  he  de- 
vised therefore,  with  his  friends  in  the  assembly,  a  plan  for 
a  public  loan  office  to  a  certain  amount,  from  which  monies 
might  be  lent  on  public  account,  and  on  good  landed  secur- 
ity, to  individuals,  this  was  accordingly  brought  forward 
in  the  House  of  Burgesses,  and  had  it  succeeded,  the  debts 
due  to  Robinson  on  these  loans  would  have  been  transferred 
to  the  public,  &  his  deficit  thus  compleatly  covered,  this 
state  of  things  however  was  not  yet  known :  but  mr  Henry 
attacked  the  scheme,  on  other  general  grounds,  in  that  style 
of  bold,  grand  &  overwhelming  eloquence,  for  which  he  be- 
came so  justly  celebrated  afterwards,  he  carried  with  him 


Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry.        389 

all  the  members  of  the  upper  counties,  &  left  a  minority 
composed  merely  of  the  aristocracy  of  the  country,  from 
this  time  his  popularity  swelled  apace;  &  Robinson  dying 
about  4  years  after,  his  deficit  was  brought  to  light,  &  dis- 
covered the  true  object  of  the  proposition. 

The  next  great  occasion  on  which  he  signalised  himself 
was  that  which  may  be  considered  as  the  dawn  of  the  revo- 
lution, in  March  1774.  the  British  parliament  had  passed 
resolutions  preparatory  to  the  levying  a  revenue  on  the  Col- 
onies by  a  Stamp  tax.  the  Virginia  assembly,  at  their  next 
session,  prepared  &  sent  to  England  very  elaborate  represen- 
tations addressed  in  separate  forms  to  the  King,  Lords,  & 
Commons,  against  the  right  to  impose  such  taxes,  the 
famous  Stamp  act  was  however  passed  in  Jan.  1765.  and  in 
the  session  of  the  Virginia  assembly  of  May  following,  mr 
Henry  introduced  the  celebrated  resolutions  of  that  date, 
these  were  drawn  by  George  Johnston,  a  lawyer  of  the 
Northern  neck,  a  very  able,  logical  &  correct  Speaker,  mr 
Henry  moved,  &  Johnston  seconded  these  resolutions  suc- 
cessively, they  were  opposed  by  Randolph,  Bland,  Pendle- 
ton,  Nicholas,  "Wythe  &  all  the  old  members  whose  influ- 
ence in  the  house  had,  till  then,  been  unbroken,  they  did 
it,  not  from  any  question  of  our  rights,  but  on  the  ground 
that  the  same  sentiments  had  been,  at  their  preceding  ses- 
sion, expressed  in  a  more  conciliatory  form,  to  which  the 
answers  were  not  yet  received,  but  torrents  of  sublime  elo- 
quence from  mr  Henry,  backed  by  the  solid  reasoning  of 
Johnston,  prevailed,  the  last  however,  &  strongest  resolu- 
tion was  carried  but  by  a  single  vote,  the  debate  on  it  was 
most  bloody.  I  was  then  but  a  student,  &  was  listening  at 
the  door  of  the  lobby  (for  as  yet  there  was  no  gallery) 
when  Peyton  Randolph,  after  the  vote,  came  out  of  the 
house,  and  said,  as  he  entered  the  lobby,  "  by  God,  I  would 
have  given  500.  guineas  for  a  single  vote."  for  as  this  would 
have  divided  the  house,  the  vote  of  Robinson,  the  Speaker, 
would  have  rejected  the  resolution,  mr  Henry  left  town 
that  evening,  &  the  next  morning  before  the  meeting  of  the 


390  Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry. 

House,  I  saw  Peter  Randolph,  then  of  the  Council,  but  who 
had  formerly  been  clerk  to  the  house,  for  an  hour  or  two  at 
the  Clerk's  table,  searching  the  old  journals  for  a  precedent 
of  a  resolution  of  the  house,  erased,  while  he  was  clerk, 
from  the  journals,  by  a  subsequent  order  of  the  house, 
whether  he  found  it,  or  not,  I  do  not  remember;  but,  when 
the  house  met,  a  motion  was  made  &  carried  to  erase  that 
resolution :  and,  there  being  at  that  day  but  one  printer,  & 
he  entirely  under  the  control  of  the  Governor,  I  do  not 
know  that  this  resolution  ever  appeared  in  print.  I  write 
this  from  memory:  but  the  impression  made  on  me,  at  the 
time,  was  such  as  to  fix  the  facts  indelibly  in  my  mind. 

I  came  into  the  legislature  as  a  Burgess  of  the  county  of 
Albemarle  in  the  winter  of  1768.9.  on  the  accession  of  L. 
Botetourt  to  the  government,  and  about  9  years  after  mr 
Henry  had  entered  on  the  stage  of  public  life,  the  exact 
conformity  of  our  political  opinions  strengthened  our  friend- 
ship :  and  indeed  the  old  leaders  of  the  house  being  sub- 
stantially firm,  we  had  not  after  this  any  differences  of  opin- 
ion in  the  H  of  Burgesses,  on  matters  of  principle ;  tho' 
sometimes  on  matters  of  form,  we  were  dissolved  by  Ld. 
Botetourt  at  our  first  session,  but  all  were  re-elected,  there 
being  no  division  among  us,  occasions  became  very  rare  for 
any  display  of  Mr.  Henry's  eloquence,  in  ordinary  business 
he  was  a  very  inefficient  member,  he  could  not  draw  a  bill 
on  the  most  simple  subject  which  would  bear  legal  criticism, 
or  even  the  ordinary  criticism  which  looks  to  correctness  of 
stile  &  idea :  for  indeed  there  was  no  accuracy  of  idea  in  his 
head,  his  imagination  was  copious,  poetical,  sublime ;  but 
vague  also,  he  said  the  strongest  things  in  the  finest  language, 
but  without  logic,  without  arrangement,  desultorily,  this  ap- 
peared eminently  &  in  a  mortifying  degree  in  the  first  ses- 
sions of  the  first  Congress,  which  met  in  Sep.  1774.  mr 
Henry  &  Richard  Henry  Lee  took  at  once  the  lead  in  that 
assembly,  &  by  the  high  style  of  their  eloquence,  were,  in  the 
first  days  of  the  session,  looked  up  to  as  primi  inter  pares. 
a  Petition  to  the  king,  an  Address  to  the  people  of  Great 


Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry.        391 

Britain  and  a  Memorial  to  the  people  of  British  America 
were  agreed  to  be  drawn.  Lee,  Henry  &  others  were  ap- 
pointed for  the  first,  Lee,  Livingston  &  Jay  for  the  two  last, 
the  splendor  of  their  debut  occasioned  mr  Henry  to  be  des- 
ignated by  his  committee  to  draw  the  petition  to  the  King, 
with  which  they  were  charged;  and  mr  Lee  was  charged 
with  the  Address  to  the  people  of  England,  the  last  was  first 
reported,  on  reading  it,  every  countenance  fell  &  a  dead  si- 
lence ensued  for  many  minutes,  at  length  it  was  laid  on  the 
table  for  perusal  &  consideration  till  the  next  day,  when  first 
one  member  &  then  another  arose,  &  paying  some  faint 
compliments  to  the  composition,  observed  that  there  were 
still  certain  considerations,  not  expressed  in  it,  which  should 
properly  find  a  place  in  it.  at  length  Mr  Livingston  (the  Gov- 
ernor of  New  Jersey)  a  member  of  the  Committee  rose  & 
observed  that  a  friend  of  his  had  been  sketching  what  he  had 
thought  might  be  proper  for  such  an  address,  from  which 
he  thought  some  paragraphs  might  be  advantageously  in- 
troduced into  the  draught  proposed;  and  he  read  an 
Address  which  mr  Jay  had  prepared  de  bene  esse  as  it  were, 
there  was  but  one  sentiment  of  admiration,  the  Address  was 
recommitted  for  amendment,  and  mr  Jay's  draught  reported 
&  adopted  with  scarce  an  alteration,  these  facts  were  stated 
to  me  by  mr.  Pendleton  &  Colo.  Harrison  of  our  delegation, 
except  that  Colo.  Harrison  ascribed  the  -draught  to  Govr. 
Livingston,  &  were  afterwards  confirmed  to  me  by  Govr. 
Livingston,  and  I  will  presently  mention  an  anecdote  con- 
firmative of  them  from  mr  Jay  &  R.  H.  Lee  themselves. 

Mr.  Henry's  draught  of  a  petition  to  the  King  was  equally 
unsuccessful,  &  was  recommitted  for  amendment,  mr.  John 
Dickinson  was  added  to  the  committee,  &  a  new  draught 
prepared  by  him  was  passed. 

The  occasion  of  my  learning  from  mr.  Jay  that  he  was 
the  author  of  the  address  to  the  people  of  Great  Britain  re- 
quires explanation  by  a  statement  of  some  preceding  cir- 
cumstances, the  2d.  session  of  the  1st.  Congress  met  on 
their  own  adjournment  in  May  1775.  Peyton  Randolph 


392  Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry. 

was  their  President,  in  the  mean  time  L.  North's  concila- 
tory  propositions  came  over,  to  be  laid  by  the  Governors  be- 
fore their  legislatures.  Ld.  Dunmore  accordingly  called  that 
of  Virginia  to  meet  in  June,  this  obliged  Peyton  Randolph, 
as  Speaker,  to  return  our  other  old  members  being  at  Con- 
gress, he  pressed  me  to  draw  the  answer  to  L.  North's  prop- 
ositions. I  accordingly  did  so,  &  it  passed  with  a  little  soft- 
ening of  some  expressions  for  which  the  times  were  not  yet 
ripe,  &  wire-drawing  &  weakening  some  others  to  satisfy 
individuals.  I  had  been  appointed  to  go  on  to  Congress  in 
place  of  Peyton  Randolph,  &  proceeded  immediately, 
charged  with  presenting  this  answer  to  Congress,  as  it  was 
the  first  which  had  been  given,  and  the  tone  of  it  was 
strong,  the  members  were  pleased  with  it,  hoping  it  would 
have  a  good  effect  on  the  answers  of  the  other  states,  a  Com- 
mittee which  had  been  appointed  to  prepare  a  Declaration 
to  be  published  by  Genl.  Washington  on  his  arrival  at  the 
army,  having  reported  one,  it  was  recommitted,  &  Dickin- 
son &  myself  added  to  the  Committee,  on  the  adjournment 
of  the  house,  happening  to  go  out  with  Govr.  Livingston, 
one  of  the  Committee,  I  expressed  to  him  my  hope  he 
would  draw  the  Declaration,  he  modestly  excused  himself, 
&  expressed  his  wish  that  I  would  do  it.  but  urging  him 
with  considerable  importunity,  he  at  length  said  "  you  &  I, 
sir,  are  but  new  acquaintances;  what  can  have  excited  so 
earnest  a  desire  on  your  part  that  I  should  be  the  draughts- 
man ?  why,  Sir,  said  I,  I  have  been  informed  you  drew  the 
Address  to  the  people  of  Great  Britain  ;  I  think  it  the  first 
composition  in  the  English  language,  &  therefore  am  anx- 
ious this  declaration  should  be  prepared  by  the  same  pen. 
he  replied  that  I  might  have  been  misinformed  on  that  sub- 
ject." a  few  days  after,  being  in  conversation  with  R.  H.  Lee 
in  Congress  hall,  a  little  before  the  meeting  of  the  house, 
mr  Jay  observing  us,  came  up,  &  taking  R.  H.  Lee  by  a 
button  of  the  coat,  said  to  him  pretty  sternly,  "  I  understand, 
Sir,  that  you  informed  this  gentleman  that  the  Address  to 
the  people  of  Great  Britain,  presented  to  the  Committee  by 


Jefferson  s  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry.        393 

me,  was  drawn  by  Governor  Livingston."  the  fact  was 
that  the  Committee  having  consisted  of  only  Lee,  Livingston 
who  was  father-in-law  of  Jay,  &  Jay  himself,  &  Lee's  draught 
having  been  rejected  &  Jay's  approved  so  unequivocally,  his 
suspicions  naturally  fell  on  Lee,  as  author  of  the  report ;  & 
rather  as  they  had  daily  much  sparring  in  Congress,  Lee  being 
firm  in  the  revolutionary  measures,  &  Jay  hanging  heavily  on 
their  rear.  I  immediately  stopped  mr  Jay,  and  assured  him 
that  tho'  I  had  indeed  been  so  informed,  it  was  not  by  mr 
Lee,  whom  I  had  never  heard  utter  a  word  on  the  subject. 

I  found  mr  Henry  to  be  a  silent,  &  almost  unmedling  mem- 
ber in  Congress,  on  the  original  opening  of  that  body,  while 
general  grievances  were  the  topic,  he  was  in  his  element,  & 
captivated  all  with  his  bold  and  splendid  eloquence,  but  as 
soon  as  they  came  to  specific  matters,  to  sober  reasoning  and 
solid  argumentation,  he  had  the  good  sense  to  perceive  that 
his  declamation,  however  excellent  in  it's  proper  place,  had 
no  weight  at  all  in  such  an  assembly  as  that,  of  cool-headed, 
reflecting,  judicious  men.  he  ceased  therefore  in  a  great 
measure  to  take  any  part  in  the  business,  he  seemed  indeed 
very  tired  of  the  place,  &  wonderfully  relieved  when,  by  ap- 
pointment of  the  Virginia  Convention  to  be  Colonel  of  their 
1st  regiment,  he  was  permitted  to  leave  Congress  about  the 
last  of  July. 

How  he  acquitted  himself  in  his  military  command  will 
be  better  known  from  others,  he  was  relieved  from  this  po- 
sition again  by  being  appointed  Governor,  on  the  first  organi- 
zation of  the  government.  After  my  services  as  his  successor 
in  the  same  office,  my  appointment  to  Congress  in  1783. 
mission  to  Europe  in  84.  &  appointment  in  the  new  govern- 
ment in  89.  kept  us  so  far  apart  that  I  had  no  farther  per- 
sonal knolege  of  him. 

Mr.  Henry  began  his  career  with  very  little  property,  he 
acted,  as  I  have  understood,  as  bar-keeper  in  the  tavern  at 
Hanover  C.  H.  for  some  time,  he  married  very  young;  set- 
tled, I  believe,  at  a  place  called  the  Roundabout  in  Louisa, 
got  credit  for  some  little  store  of  merchandize,  but  very  soon 


394         Jefferson's   Recollections   of   Patrick   Henry. 

failed,  from  this  he  turned  his  views  to  the  law,  for  the  acqui- 
sition or  practice  of  which  however  he  was  too  lazy,  when- 
ever the  courts  were  closed  for  the  winter  season,  he  would 
make  up  a  party  of  poor  hunters  of  his  neighborhood,would 
go  off  with  them  to  the  piney  woods  of  Fluvanna,  &  pass 
weeks  in  hunting  deer,  of  which  he  was  passionately  fond, 
sleeping  under  a  tent,  before  a  fire,  wearing  the  same  shirt 
the  whole  time,  &  covering  all  the  dirt  of  his  dress  with  a 
hunting  shirt,  he  never  undertook  to  draw  pleadings,  if  he 
could  avoid  it,  or  to  manage  that  part  of  a  cause,  &  very 
unwillingly  engaged  but  as  an  assistant,  to  speak  in  the  cause, 
and  the  fee  was  an  indispensable  preliminary,  observing  to 
the  applicant  that  he  kept  no  accounts,  never  putting  pen  to 
paper,  which  was  true,  his  powers  over  a  jury  were  so  irre- 
sistible, that  he  received  great  fees  for  his  services,  &  had  the 
reputation  of  being  insatiable  in  money,  after  about  10. 
years  practice  in  the  County  courts,  he  came  to  the  General 
court,  where  however,  being  totally  unqualified  for  any  thing 
but  mere  jury  causes,  he  devoted  himself  to  these,  &  chiefly 
to  the  criminal  business,  from  these  poor  devils,  it  was 
always  understood  that  he  squeezed  exorbitant  fees  of  50. 
100.  &  200.L.  from  this  source  he  made  his  great  profits, 
and  they  were  said  to  be  great,  his  other  business,  exclu- 
sive of  the  criminal,  would  never,  I  am  sure,  pay  the  expences 
of  his  attendance  at  the  court,  he  now  purchased  from  mr  Lo- 
xax  the  valuable  estate  on  the  waters  of  Smith's  river,  to  which 
he  afterwards  removed,  the  purchase  was  on  long  credit,  & 
finally  paid  in  depreciated  paper,  not  worth  oak  leaves, 
about  the  close  of  the  war  he  engaged  in  the  Yazoo  specu- 
lation, <fc  bought  up  a  great  deal  of  depreciated  paper  at  2/ 
&  2/6  in  the  pound  to  pay  for  it.  at  the  close  of  the  war, 
many  of  us  wished  to  re-open  all  accounts  which  had  been 
paid  in  depreciated  money;  &  have  them  settled  by  the 
scale  of  depreciation,  but  on  this  he  frowned  most  indig- 
nantly; &  knowing  the  general  indisposition  of  the  leg- 
islature, it  was  considered  hopeless  to  attempt  it  with  such 
an  opponent  at  their  head  as  Henry.  I  believe  he  never 


Jefferson  s  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry.        395 

distinguished  himself  so  much  as  on  the  similar  question  of 
British  debts,  in  the  case  of  Jones  &  Walker,  he  had  exerted 
a  degree  of  industry  in  that  case  totally  foreign  to  his  char- 
acter, &  not  only  seemed,  but  had  made  himself  really 
learned  on  the  subject,  another  of  the  great  occasions  on 
which  he  exhibited  examples  of  eloquence,  such  as  probably 
had  never  been  exceeded,  was  on  the  question  of  adopting 
the  new  constitution  in  1788.  to  this  he  was  most  violently 
opposed,  as  is  well  known ;  &,  after  it's  adoption,  he  contin- 
ued hostile  to  it,  expressing,  more  than  any  man  in  the  U. 
8.  his  thorough  contempt  and  hatred  of  Genl.  Washington, 
from  being  the  most  violent  of  all  anti-federalists  however, 
he  was  brought  over  to  the  new  constitution  by  his  Yazoo 
speculation  before  mentioned,  the  Georgia  legislature  hav- 
ing declared  that  transaction  fraudulent  and  void,  the  de- 
preciated paper  which  he  had  bought  up  to  pay  for  the 
Yazoo  purchase  was  likely  to  remain  on  his  hands  worth 
nothing,  but  Hamilton's  funding  system  came  most  oppor- 
tunely to  his  relief,  &  suddenly  raised  his  paper  from  2/6  to 
27/6  the  pound.  Hamilton  became  now  his  idol,  and  aban- 
doning the  republican  advocates  of  the  constitution,  the  fed- 
eral government,  on  federal  principles,  became  his  political 
creed.  Genl.  Washington  flattered  him  by  an  appointment 
to  a  mission  to  Spain,  which  however  he  declined;  and  by 
proposing  to  him  the  office  of  Secretary  of  state,  on  the 
most  earnest  solicitation  of  Gen.  Henry  Lee,  who  pledged 
himself  that  Henry  should  not  accept  it.  for  Genl. Washing- 
ton knew  that  he  was  entirely  unqualified  for  it ;  &  moreover 
that  his  self  esteem  had  never  suffered  him  to  act  as 
second  to  any  man  on  earth.  I  had  this  fact  from  infor- 
mation; but  that  of  the  mission  to  Spain  is  of  my  own 
knolege;  because,  after  my  retiring  from  the  office  of 
Secretary  of  State,  Genl.  Washington  passed  the  papers  to 
Mr.  Henry  through  my  hands.  Mr.  Henry's  apostacy,  sunk 
him  to  nothing,  in  the  estimation  of  his  country,  he  lost 
at  once  all  that  influence  which  federalism  had  hoped,  by 
cajoling  him,  to  transfer  with  him  to  itself,  and  a  man  who, 


396  Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry. 

through  a  long  &  active  life,  had  been  the  idol  of  his 
country,  beyond  any  one  that  ever  lived;  descended  to  the 
grave  with  less  than  it's  indifference,  and  verified  the  saying 
of  the  philosopher,  that  no  man  must  be  called  happy  till 
he  is  dead. 

MONTICELLO  Aug.  14.  14. 
DEAR  SIR 

I  have  been  laying  under  contribution  my  memory,  my 
private  papers,  the  printed  records,  gazettes  &  pamphlets  in 
my  possession,  to  answer  the  enquiries  of  your  letter  of  July 
27.  and  I  will  give  you  the  result  as  correctly  as  I  can.  I 
kept  no  copy  of  the  paper  I  sent  you  on  a  former  occasion, 
on  the  same  subject,  nor  do  I  retain  an  exact  recollection  of 
it's  contents ;  but  if  in  that  I  stated  the  question  on  the  loan 
office  to  have  been  in  1762. 1  did  it  with  too  slight  attention 
to  the  date,  altho'  not  to  the  fact.  I  have  examined  the 
journals  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  of  1760.  1.  2.  in  my  pos- 
session, and  find  that  the  famous  Address  to  the  King,  and 
Memorials  to  the  Houses  of  Lords  &  Commons,  on  the  pro- 
posal of  the  stamp  act,  were  of  that  date ;  and  I  know  that 
mr  Henry  was  not  a  member  of  the  legislature  when  they 
were  passed.  I  know  also,  because  I  was  present,  that 
Robinson,  (who  died  in  May  1766.)  was  in  the  chair  on  the 
question  of  the  loan  office,  mr  Henry  then  must  have  come 
in  between  these  two  epochs,  and  consequently  in  1765.  of 
this  year  I  have  no  journals  to  refresh  my  memory,  the  first 
session  was  in  May,  and  his  first  remarkable  exhibition 
there  was  on  the  motion  for  the  establishment  of  an  office 
for  lending  money  on  mortgages  of  real  property.  I  find 
in  Royle's  Virginia  gazette  of  the  17th.  of  that  month,  this 
proposition  for  the  loan  office  brought  forward,  it's  advan- 
tages detailed,  and  the  plan  explained ;  and  it  seems  to  have 
been  done  by  a  borrowing  member,  from  the  feeling  with 
which  the  motives  are  expressed ;  and  to  have  been  prepar- 
atory to  the  intended  motion,  this  was  probably  made  im- 
mediately after  that  date,  and  certainly  before  the  30th. 
which  was  the  date  of  mr  Henry's  famous  resolutions.  I 


Jefferson  s  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry.        397 

had  been  intimate  with  mr  Henry  from  the  winter  of  1759. 
60.  and  felt  an  interest  in  what  concerned  him,  &  I  can 
never  forget  a  particular  exclamation  of  his  in  the  debate 
which  electrified  his  hearers,  it  had  been  urged  that  from 
certain  unhappy  circumstances  of  the  colony,  men  of  sub- 
stantial property  had  contracted  debts,  which,  if  exacted 
suddenly,  must  ruin  them  and  their  families,  but  with  a  little 
indulgence  of  time  might  be  paid  with  ease.    "  what  Sir," 
exclaimed  mr.  Henry,  in  animadverting  on  this,  "  is  it  pro- 
posed then  to  reclaim  the  Spendthrift  from  his  dissipation 
and   extravagance,  by   filling  his  pockets  with   money  ? ' 
these  expressions  are  indelibly  impressed  on  my  memory, 
he  laid  open  with  so  much  energy  the  spirit  of  favoritism  on 
which  the  proposition  was  founded,  &  the  abuses  to  which 
it  would  lead,  that  it  was  crushed  in  it's    birth,  abortive 
motions  are  not  always  entered  on  the  journals,  or  rather 
they  are  rarely  entered,  it  is  the  modern  introduction  of 
yeas  and  Nays  which  has  given  the  means  of  placing  a  rejected 
motion  on  the  journals :  and  it  is  likely  that  the  Speaker, 
who,  as  Treasurer,  was  to  be  the  loan  officer,  and  had  the 
direction  of  the  journals,  would  chuse  to  omit  an  entry  of 
the  motion  in  this  case,    this  accounts  sufficiently  for  the 
absence  of  any  trace  of  the  motion  on  the  journals,    there 
was  no  suspicion  then  (as  far  at  least  as  I  knew)  that  Rob- 
inson had  used  the  public  money  in  private  loans  to  his 
friends,  and  that  the  secret  object  of  this  scheme  was  to 
transfer  those  debtors  to   the  public,  and   thus  clear  his 
accounts.     I   have  diligently  examined  the  names  of  the 
members  on  the  journal  of  1764.  to  see  if  any  were  still 
living  to  whose  memory  we  might  recur  on  this  subject, 
but  I  find  not  a  single  one  now  remaining  in  life. 

Of  the  parson's  cause  I  remember  nothing  remarkable. 
I  was  at  school  with  mr  Maury  during  the  years  1758.  & 
1759.  and  often  heard  him  inveigh  against  the  iniquity  of 
the  act  of  1758.  called  the  two-penny  act.  in  1753  when 
that  cause  was  decided  in  Hanover,  I  was  a  law-student  in 
Williamsburg,  and  remember  only  that  it  was  a  subject  of 


398  Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry. 

% 

much  conversation,  and  of  great  paper-controversy,  in  which 
Camm,  &  Colo.  Bland  were  the  principal  champions. 

The  disputed  election  in  which  mr  Henry  made  himself 
remarkable  must  have  been  that  of  Dandridge  &  Littlepage 
in  1764,  of  which  however  I  recollect  no  particulars,  altho5 
I  was  still  a  student  in  Williamsburg,  &  paid  attention  to 
what  was  passing  in  the  legislature. 

I  proceed  now  to  the  Resolutions  of  1765.  the  copies  you 
inclose  me  and  that  inserted  by  judge  Marshal  in  his  history, 
and  copied  verbatim  by  Burke,  are  really  embarassing  by 
their  differences.  1.  that  of  the  4.  resolutions  taken  from 
the  records  of  the  House  is  the  genuine  copy  of  what  they 
passed,  as  amended  by  themselves,  cannot  be  doubted.  2. 
that  the  copy  which  mr  Henry  left  sealed  up  is  a  true  copy 
of  these  4  resolutions,  as  reported  by  the  committee,  there  is 
no  reason  to  doubt.  3.  that  judge  Marshal's  version  of  3. 
of  these  resolutions  (for  he  has  omitted  one  altogether)  is 
from  an  unauthentic  source,  is  sufficiently  proved  by  their 
great  variation  from  the  record  in  diction,  altho  equivalent 
in  sentiment,  but  what  are  we  to  say  of  mr  Henry's  5th.  and 
of  Marshal's  two  last,  which  we  may  call  the  6th.  and  7th 
resolutions  ?  the  5th.  has  clearly  nothing  to  justify  the  de- 
bate and  proceedings  which  one  of  them  produced,  but  the 
6th  is  of  that  character,  and  perfectly  tallies  with  the  idea 
impressed  on  my  mind  of  that  which  was  expunged.  Judge 
Marshal  tells  us  that  two  were  disagreed  to  by  the  house, 
which  may  be  true.  I  do  not  indeed  recollect  it,  but  I 
have  no  recollection  to  the  contrary,  my  hypothesis  then 
is  this,  that  the  two  disagreed  to  were  the  5th.  and  7th. 
the  5th.  because  merely  tautologous  of  the  3d.  &  4th.  and 
7th.  because  leading  to  individual  persecution,  for  which 
no  mind  was  then  prepared:  and  that  the  6th.  was  the  one 
passed  by  the  House,  by  a  majority  of  a  single  vote,  &  ex- 
punged from  the  Journals  the  next  day.  I  was  standing  at 
the  door  of  communication  between  the  house  and  lobby 
during  the  debate  and  vote,  &  well  remember  that  after  the 
numbers  on  the  division  were  told,  and  declared  from  the 


Jefferson  s  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry.        399 

chair,  Peyton  Randolph  (then  Atty  Genl.)  came  out  at  the 
door  where  I  was  standing,  and   exclaimed   "by  God  I 
would  have  given  100.  Guineas  for  a  single  vote."     for  one 
vote  would  have  divided  the  house,  and  Eobinson  was  in 
the  chair  who  he  knew  would  have  negatived  the  resolution, 
mr  Henry  left  town  that  evening,  or  the  next  morning ;  and 
Colo.  Peter  Randolph,  then  a  member  of  the  Council,  came 
to  the  H.  of  Burgesses  about  ten  oclock  of  the  forenoon, 
and  sat  at  the  clerk's  table  till  the  house-bell  rang,  thumb- 
ing over  the  volumes  of  Journals  to  find  a  precedent  of  ex- 
punging a  vote  of  the  house,  which  he  said  had  taken  place 
while  he  was  a  member,  or  clerk  of  the  house,  I  do  not 
recollect  which.     I  stood  by  him  at  the  end  of  the  table  a 
considerable  part  of  the  time,  looking  on  as  he  turned  over 
the  leaves ;  but  I  do  not  recollect  whether  he  found  the 
erasure,     in  the  mean  time  some  of  the  timid  members, 
who  had   voted  for  the  strongest  resolution,  had  become 
alarmed,  and  as  soon  as  the  house  met  a  motion  was  made 
and  carried  to  expunge  it  from  the  journals,  and  here  I  will 
observe  that  Burke's  statement  of  mr  Henry's  consenting 
to  withdraw  two  resolutions,  by  way  of  compromise  with 
his  opponents  is  entirely  erroneous.     I  suppose  the  original 
journal  was  among  those  destroyed  by  the  British,  or  it's 
obliterated  face  might  be  appealed  to.     it  is  a  pity  this  in- 
vestigation was  not  made  a  few  years  sooner,  when  some  of 
the  members  oi  the  day  were  still  living.     I  think  enquiry 
should  be  made  of  Judge  Marshal  for  the  source  from  which 
he  derived  his  copy  of  the  Resolutions,     this  might  throw 
light  on  the  6th.  and  7th.  which  I  verily  believe  and  espe- 
cially the  8th.  to  be  genuine  in  substance.     On  the  whole  I 
suppose  the  4.  resolutions  which  are  on  the  record  were 
past  and  retained  by  the  House ;  that  the  6th.  is  that  which 
was  passed  by  a  single  vote  and  expunged,  and  the  5th.  & 
7th.  the  two  which  judge  Marshal  says  were  disagreed  to. 
that  mr  Henry's  copy  then  should  not  have  stated  all  this 
is  the  remaining  difficulty,     this  copy  he  probably  sealed  up 
long  after  the  transaction ;  for  it  was  long  afterwards  that 


400         Jefferson's   Recollections   of   Patrick   Henry. 

these  resolutions,  instead  of  the  Address  &  Memorials  of 
the  preceding  year,  were  looked  back  to  as  the  commence- 
ment of  the  legislative  opposition,  his  own  judgment  may, 
at  a  later  date,  have  approved  of  the  rejection  of  the  6th. 
and  7th.  altho'  not  of  the  5th.  and  he  may  have  left  &  sealed 
up  a  copy,  in  his  own  handwriting,  as  approved  by  his  ulti- 
mate judgment,  this,  to  be  sure,  is  conjecture,  and  may 
rightfully  be  rejected  by  any  one  to  whom  a  more  plausible 
solution  may  occur :  and  there  I  must  leave  it.  the  address 
of  1764.  was  drawn  by  Peyton  Randolph,  who  drew  the 
Memorial  to  the  Lords  I  do  not  recollect :  but  mr  Wythe 
wrote  that  to  the  Commons,  it  was  done  with  so  much  free- 
dom that,  as  he  has  told  me  himself,  his  colleagues  of  the 
Committee  shrunk  from  it  as  wearing  the  aspect  of  treason, 
and  smoothed  its  features  to  it's  present  form,  he  was  in- 
deed one  of  the  very  few  (for  I  can  barely  speak  of  them 
in  the  plural  number)  of  either  character,  who,  from  the 
commencement  of  the  contest,  hung  our  connection  with 
Britain  on  its  true  hook,  that  of  a  common  king,  his  un- 
assuming character  however,  made  him  appear  as  a  follower, 
while  his  sound  judgment  kept  him  in  a  line  with  the  freest 
spirit,  by  these  resolutions  mr  Henry  took  the  lead  out  of 
the  hands  of  those  who  had  heretofore  guided  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  House,  that  is  to  say,  of  Pendleton,  Wythe, 
Bland,  Randolph,  Nicholas,  these  were  honest  and  able 
men,  had  begun  the  opposition  on  the  same  grounds,  but 
with  a  moderation  more  adapted  to  their  age  and  experience, 
subsequent  events  favored  the  bolder  spirits  of  Henry,  the 
Lees,  Pages,  Mason  etc.  with  whom  I  went  in  all  points, 
sensible  however  of  the  importance  of  unanimity  among  our 
constituents,  altho'  we  often  wished  to  have  gone  faster,  we 
slackened  our  pace,  that  our  less  ardent  colleagues  might 
keep  up  with  us :  and  they,  on  their  part,  differing  nothing 
from  us  in  principle,  quickened  their  gait  somewhat  beyond 
that  which  their  prudence  might  of  itself  have  advised,  and 
thus  consolidated  the  phalanx  which  breasted  the  power  of 
Britain,  by  this  harmony  of  the  bold  with  the  cautious,  we 


Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry.         401 

advanced  with  our  constituents  in  undivided  mass,  and  with 
fewer  examples  of  separation  than  perhaps  existed  in  any 
other  part  of  the  Union. 

I  do  not  remember  the  topics  of  mr  Henry's  argument : 
but  those  of  his  opposers  were  that  the  same  sentiments  had 
been  expressed  in  the  Address  and  Memorials  of  the  preced- 
ing session,  to  which  an  answer  was  expected  and  not  yet 
received.  I  well  remember  the  cry  of  treason,  the  pause  ot 
mr  Henry  at  the  name  of  George  the  Hid.  and  the  presence 
of  mind  with  which  he  closed  his  sentence,  and  baffled  the 
charge  vociferated.  I  do  not  think  he  took  the  position  in 
the  middle  of  the  floor  which  you  mention,  on  the  contrary 
I  think  I  recollect  him  standing  in  the  very  place  which  he 
continued  afterwards  habitually  to  occupy  in  the  house. 

The  censure  of  mr.  E.  Randolph  on  mr  Henry  in  the  case 
of  Philips  was  without  foundation.  I  remember  the  case, 
and  took  my  part  in  it.  Philips  was  a  mere  robber,  who 
availing  himself  of  the  troubles  of  the  times,  collected  a 
banditti,  retired  to  the  Dismal  swamp,  and  from  thence 
sallied  forth,  plundering  and  maltreating  the  neighboring  in- 
habitants, and  covering  himself,  without  authority,  under  the 
name  of  a  British  subject,  mr  Henry,  then  Governor,  commu- 
nicated the  case  to  me.  we  both  thought  the  best  proceed- 
ing would  be  by  bill  of  attainder,  unless  he  delivered  himself 
up  for  trial  within  a  given  time.  Philips  was  afterwards 
taken  ;  and  mr  Randolph  being  Attorney  Genl.  and  appre- 
hending he  would  plead  that  he  was  a  British  subject,  taken 
in  arms,  in  support  of  his  lawful  sovereign,  and  as  a  prisoner 
of  war  entitled  to  the  protection  of  the  law  of  nations,  he 
thought  the  safest  proceeding  would  be  to  indict  him  at  Com- 
mon law  as  a  felon  &  robber,  against  this  I  believe  Philips 
urged  the  same  plea ;  but  was  overruled  and  found  guilty. 

I  recollect  nothing  of  a  doubt  on  the  re-eligibility  of  mr 
Henry  to  the  government,  when  his  term  expired  in  1779. 
nor  can  I  conceive  on  what  ground  such  a  doubt  could  have 
been  entertained ;  unless  perhaps  that  his  first  election  in 
June  1776.  having  been  before  we  were  nationally  declared 
VOL.  xxxiv. — 26 


402          Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry. 

independent,  some  might  suppose  it  should  not  be  reckoned 
as  one  of  the  three  constitutional  elections. 

Of  the  projects  for  appointing  a  Dictator  there  are  said 
to  have  been  two.  I  know  nothing  of  either  but  by  hear- 
say, the  1st.  was  in  Williamsburg  in  Dec.  1776.  the  assembly 
had,  the  month  before,  appointed  mr  Wythe,  mr  Pendleton, 
George  Mason,  Thomas  L.  Lee  and  myself  to  revise  the 
whole  body  of  laws,  &  adapt  them  to  our  new  form  of 
government.  I  left  the  House  early  in  December  to  prepare 
to  join  the  Committee  at  Fredericksburg,  the  place  of  our 
first  meeting,  what  passed  therefore  in  the  House  in  Decem- 
ber, I  know  not,  and  have  not  the  journals  of  that  session 
to  look  into,  the  2d.  proposition  was  in  June  81.  at  the 
Staunton  session  of  the  legislature,  no  trace  of  this  last 
motion  is  entered  on  the  journals  of  that  date,  which  I  have 
examined,  this  is  a  further  proof  that  the  silence  of  jour- 
nals is  no  evidence  against  the  fact  of  an  abortive  motion, 
among  the  names  of  the  members  found  on  the  journal  of 
the  Staunton  session,  are  John  Taylor  of  Caroline,  Genl. 
Andrew  Moore,  and  Genl.  Edward  Steevens  of  Culpeper 
now  living,  it  would  be  well  to  ask  information  from  each 
of  them,  that  their  errors  of  memory,  or  of  feeling  may  be 
corrected  by  collation. 

You  ask  if  I  would  have  any  objection  to  be  quoted  as  to 
the  fact  of  rescinding  the  last  of  mr  Henry's  resolutions, 
none  at  all  as  to  that  fact,  or  it's  having  been  passed  by  a 
majority  of  one  vote  only;  the  scene  being  as  present  to  my 
mind  as  that  in  which  I  am  now  writing,  but  I  do  not 
affirm,  altho*  I  believe  it  was  the  6th.  resolution. 

It  is  truly  unfortunate  that  those  engaged  in  public  affairs 
so  rarely  make  notes  of  transactions  passing  within  their 
knolege.  hence  history  becomes  fable  instead  of  fact,  the 
great  outlines  may  be  true,  but  the  incidents  and  colouring 
are  according  to  the  faith  or  fancy  of  the  writer,  had  judge 
Marshal  taken  half  your  pains  in  sifting  and  scrutinizing 
facts,  he  would  not  have  given  to  the  world,  as  true  his- 
tory, a  false  copy  of  a  record  under  his  eye.  Burke  again 


Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry.        403 

has  copied  him,  and  being  a  second  writer  on  the  spot, 
doubles  the  credit  of  the  copy,  when  writers  are  so  indif- 
ferent as  to  the  correctness  of  facts  the  verification  of  which 
lies  at  their  elbow,  by  what  measure  shall  we  estimate  their 
relation  of  things  distant,  or  of  those  given  to  us  thro*  the 
obliquities  of  their  own  vision  ?  our  records  it  is  true,  in 
the  case  under  contemplation,  were  destroyed  by  the  malice 
and  Vandalism  of  the  British  military,  perhaps  of  their 
government  under  whose  orders  they  committed  so  much 
useless  mischief,  but  printed  copies  remained  as  your 
examination  has  proved,  those  which  were  apocryphal 
then  ought  not  to  have  been  hazarded  without  examination, 
should  you  be  able  to  ascertain  the  genuineness  of  the  6th. 
and  7th  resolutions,  I  would  ask  a  line  of  information,  to 
rectify  or  to  confirm  my  own  impressions  respecting  them. 

ever  affectionately  yours.  m 

TH  :  JEFFBRSON. 

• 

DBA    SIR  MONTICBLLO  May  12.  16. 

Among  some  queries  you  addressed  to  me  some  time 
ago,  was  one  on  the  case  of  Josiah  Philips,  which  hap- 
pened early  in  the  revolution,  not  aware  that  the  propriety 
of  the  proceeding  in  that  case  had  been  questioned  and  rep- 
rehended, my  answer  was  general  on  that  query,  an  appli- 
cation from  another  quarter  having  informed  me  of  the 
doubts  which  have  been  expressed  on  it,  I  have  bestowed 
more  reflection  on  it,  and  I  send  you  an  extract  from  my 
answer,  by  way  of  supplement  to  what  I  said  to  you  on  the 
subject.  I  was  then  thoroughly  persuaded  of  the  correct- 
ness of  the  proceeding,  and  am  more  and  more  convinced 
by  reflection,  if  I  am  in  error,  it  is  an  error  of  principle. 
I  know  of  no  substitute  for  the  process  of  outlawry,  so  fa- 
miliar to  our  law,  or  to  it's  kindred  process  by  act  of  at- 
tainder, duly  applied,  which  could  have  reached  the  case  of 
Josiah  Phillips,  one  of  these,  or  absolute  impunity  seems 
the  only  alternative,  ever  and  affectionately 

Your  friend  &  servt. 

WILLIAM  WIRT  ESQ.  TH  :  JEFFERSON 


404          Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henri/. 

MONTICELLO  Aug.  5.  15. 
DEAR  SIR 

Your  favor  of  July  24.  came  to  hand  on  the  31. 8t  and  I 
will  proceed  to  answer  your  enquiries,  in  the  order  they  are 
presented,  as  far  as  I  am  able. 

I  have  no  doubt  that  the  5th.  of  the  Rhode  island  resolu- 
tions, of  which  you  have  sent  me  a  copy,  is  exactly  the  one 
erased  from  our  journals,  the  mr  Lees,  and  especially  Rich- 
ard Henry,  who  was  industrious,  had  a  close  correspond- 
ence, I  know,  with  the  two  Adamses,  &  probably  with  others 
in  that  and  the  other  Eastern  states  :  and  I  think  it  was  said 
at  the  time  that  copies  were  sent  off  by  them  to  the  North- 
ward, the  very  evening  of  the  day  on  which  they  were 
passed.  I  can  readily  enough  believe  these  resolutions  were 
written  by  mr  Henry  himself,  they  bear  the  stamp  of  his 
mind,  strong  without  precision,  that  they  were  written 
by  Johnson  who  seconded  them,  was  only  the  rumor  of  the 
day,  and  very  possibly  unfounded,  but  how  Edmund  Ran- 
dolph should  have  said  they  were  written  by  William  Flem- 
ing, and  mr  Henry  should  have  written  that  he  shewed  them 
to  William  Fleming,  is  to  me  incomprehensible,  there  was 
no  William  Fleming  then,  but  the  judge  now  living,  whom 
nobody  will  ever  suspect  of  taking  the  lead  in  rebellion.  I 
am  certain  he  was  not  then  a  member,  and  I  think  was 
never  a  member  until  the  revolution  had  made  some 
progress,  of  this  however  he  will  inform  us  with  candor  & 
truth,  his  eldest  brother  John  Fleming  was  a  member,  and 
a  great  speaker  in  debate,  to  him  they  may  have  been 
shewn,  yet  I  should  not  have  expected  this,  because  he  was 
extremely  attached  to  Robinson,  Peyton  Randolph  etc  and 
at  their  beck,  and  had  no  independence  or  boldness  of 
mind,  however  he  was  attentive  to  his  own  popularity, 
might  have  been  overruled  by  views  to  that,  and,  with  a 
correction  of  the  Christian  name,  mr  Henry's  note  is  suffi- 
cient authority  to  suppose  he  took  the  popular  side  on  that 
occasion.  I  remember  nothing  to  the  contrary.  The  op- 
posers  of  the  resolutions  were  Robinson,  Peyton  Randolph, 


Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry.         405 

Pendleton,  Wythe,  Bland  and  all  the  cyphers  of  the  Aris- 
tocracy, no  longer  possessing  the  journals,  I  cannot  recol- 
lect nominally  the  others,  they  opposed  them  on  the 
ground  that  the  same  principles  had  been  expressed  in  the 
Petition  etc.  of  the  preceding  year,  to  which  an  answer,  not 
yet  received,  was  daily  expected,  that  they  were  therein  ex- 
pressed in  more  conciliatory  terms,  and  therefore  more 
likely  to  have  good  effect,  the  resolutions  were  carried 
chiefly  by  the  vote  of  the  middle  and  upper  country,  to 
state  the  differences  between  the  classes  of  society,  and  the 
lines  of  demarcation  which  separated  them  would  be  diffi- 
cult, the  law,  you  know,  admitted  none,  except  as  to  the 
twelve  counsellors  yet  in  a  country  insulated  from  the  Eu- 
ropean world,  insulated  from  its  sister  colonies  with  whom 
there  was  scarcely  any  intercourse,  little  visited  by  foreign- 
ers, &  having  little  matter  to  act  upon  within  itself,  certain 
families  had  risen  to  splendor  by  wealth  and  the  preserva- 
tion of  it  from  generation  to  generation  under  the  law  of 
entails ;  some  had  produced  a  series  of  men  of  talents ; 
families  in  general  had  remained  stationary  on  the  grounds 
of  their  forefathers  for  there  was  no  emigration  to  the 
Westward  in  those  days,  the  wild  Irish  who  had  gotten 
possession  of  the  valley  between  the  blue  ridge  and  North 
mountain,  forming  a  barrier  over  which  none  ventured  to 
leap,  and  would  still  less  venture  to  settle  among,  in  such 
a  state  of  things,  scarcely  admitting  any  change  of  station, 
society  would  settle  itself  down  into  several  strata,  separated 
by  no  marked  lines,  but  a  shading  off  imperceptibly,  from 
top  to  bottom,  nothing  disturbing  the  order  of  their  repose, 
there  were  then,  Aristocrats,  halfbreeds,  pretenders,  a  solid 
independent  yeomanry,  looking  askance  at  those  above,  yet 
not  venturing  to  justle  them;  and  last,  and  lowest  a  feculum 
of  beings  called  Overseers,  the  most  abject,  degraded  and 
unprincipled  race,  always  cap  in  hand  to  the  Dons  who  em- 
ployed them,  and  furnishing  materials  for  the  exercise  of 
their  pride,  insolence  &  spirit  of  domination.  Your  charac- 
ters are  inimitably  &  justly  drawn.  I  am  not  certain  if 


I 

406        Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry. 

more  might  not  be  said  of  Colo.  Richard  Bland,  he  was 
the  most  learned  &  logical  man  of  those  who  took  promi- 
nent lead  in  public  affairs,  profound  in  Constitutional  lore, 
a  most  ungraceful  speaker  (as  were  Peyton  Randolph  & 
Robinson  in  a  remarkable  degree)  he  wrote  the  first 
pamphlet  on  the  nature  of  the  connection  with  Gr.  Britain, 
which  had  any  pretension  to  accuracy  of  view  on  that  sub- 
iect;  but  it  was  a  singular  one.  he  would  set  out  on  sound 
principles,  pursue  them  logically  till  he  found  them  leading 
to  the  precipice  which  we  had  to  leap,  start  back  alarmed, 
then  resume  his  ground,  go  over  it  in  another  direction,  be 
led  again  by  the  correctness  of  his  reasoning  to  the  same 
place,  and  again  back  about,  and  try  other  processes  to 
reconcile  right  and  wrong,  but  finally  left  his  reader  & 
himself  bewildered  between  the  steady  index  of  the  com- 
pass in  their  hand,  and  the  phantasm  to  which  it  seemed 
to  point,  still  there  was  more  sound  matter  in  his  pam- 
phlet than  in  the  celebrated  Farmer's  letters,  which  were 
really  but  an  ignis  fatuus,  misleading  us  from  true 
principles. 

Landon  Carter's  measure  you  may  take  from  the  1st. 
volume  of  the  American  Philosophical  transactions,  where 
he  has  one  or  more  long  papers  on  the  weavil  and  perhaps 
other  subjects,  his  speeches,  like  his  writings  were  dull, 
vapid,  verbose,  egoistical,  smooth  as  the  lullaby  of  the 
nurse,  and  commanding,  like  that,  the  repose  only  of  the 
hearer. 

You  ask  if  you  may  quote  me  1.  for  the  *oan  office,  2. 
Phillips's  case,  and  3.  the  addresses  prepared  for  Congress 
by  Henry  and  Lee — for  the  two  first  certainly,  because  with- 
in my  own  knolege,  especially  citing  the  record  in  Phillips's 
case  which  of  itself  refutes  the  diatribes  published  on  that 
subject:  but  not  for  the  addresses,  because  I  was  not  present, 
nor  know  any  thing  relative  to  them  but  by  hearsay  from 
others,  my  first  and  principal  information  on  that  subject 
I  know  I  had  from  Ben.  Harrison,  on  his  return  from  the 
first  session  of  the  old  Congress,  mr  Pendleton  also,  I  am 


Jefferson  s  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry.        407 

tolerably  certain,  mentioned  it  to  me  :  but  the  transaction  is 
too  distant,  and  my  memory  too  indistinct  to  hazard  as  with 
precision,  even  what  I  think  I  heard  from  them,  in  this 
decay  of  memory  mr  Edmund  Randolph  must  have  suffered 
at  a  much  earlier  period  of  life  than  myself.  I  cannot 
otherwise  account  for  his  saying  to  you  that  Rob.  Carter 
Nicholas  came  into  the  legislature  only  on  the  death  of 
Peyton  Randolph,  which  was  in  1776.  seven  years  before 
that  period  I  went  first  into  the  legislature  myself,  to  wit  in 
1769  and  mr  Nicholas  was  then  a  member,  and  I  think  not 
a  new  one.  I  remember  it  from  an  impressive  circumstance. 
it  was  the  first  asembly  which  met  Lord  Betetourt,  being 
called  on  his  arrival — on  receiving  the  Governor's  speech, 
it  was  usual  to  move  resolutions,  as  heads  for  an  Address, 
mr  Pendleton  asked  me  to  draw  the  resolutions,  which  I  did. 
they  were  accepted  by  the  house,  and  Pendleton,  Nicholas, 
myself  and  some  others  were  appointed  a  Committee  to  pre- 
pare the  Address,  the  Committee  desired  me  to  do  it;  but 
when  presented,  it  was  thought  to  pursue  too  strictly  the 
diction  of  the  resolutions,  and  that  their  subjects  were  not 
sufficiently  amplified,  mr  Nicholas  chiefly  objected  to  it, 
and  was  desired  by  the  committee  to  draw  one  more  at 
large  which  he  did,  with  amplification  enough,  and  it  was 
accepted — being  a  young  man,  as  well  as  a  young  member, 
it  made  on  me  an  impression  proportioned  to  the  sensibility 
of  that  time  of  life — on  a  similar  occasion  some  years  after 
I  had  reason  to  retain  a  remembrance  of  his  presence  while 
Peyton  Randolph  was  still  living,  on  the  receipt  of  Ld. 
North's  propositions,  in  May  or  June  1775.  Lord  Dun- 
more  called  the  assembly.  Peyton  Randolph,  then  Presi- 
dent of  Congress,  and  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Burgesses, 
left  the  former  body  and  came  home  to  hold  the  assem- 
bly, leaving  in  Congress  the  other  delegates,  who  were  the 
antient  leaders  of  our  house,  he  therefore  asked  me  to  pre- 
pare the  answer  to  Ld.  North's  propositions,  which  I  did. 
mr  Nicholas,  whose  mind  has  as  yet  acquired  no  tone  for 
that  contest,  combated  the  answer  from  Alpha  to  Omega, 


408        Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry. 

and  succeeded  in  diluting  it  in  one  or  two  small  instances, 
it  was  firmly  supported  however  in  committee  of  the  whole 
by  Peyton  Randolph,  who  had  brought  with  him  the  spirit 
of  the  body  over  which  he  had  presided,  and  it  was  carried 
with  very  little  altercation  by  strong  majorities.  I  was  the 
bearer  of  it  myself  to  Congress,  by  whom,  as  it  was  the  first 
answer  given  to  those  propositions  by  any  legislature,  it  was 
received  with  peculiar  satisfaction.  I  am  sure  that  from 
1769,  if  not  earlier,  to  1775.  you  will  find  mr  Nicholas's 
name  constantly  in  the  journals,  for  he  was  an  active  mem- 
ber. I  think  he  represented  James  city  county,  whether, 
on  the  death  of  Peyton  Randolph  he  succeeded  him  for 
Williamsburg,  I  do  not  know,  if  he  did,  it  may  account 
for  mr  Randolph's  error. 

You  ask  some  account  of  mr  Henry's  mind,  information  & 
manners  in  59-60  when  I  first  became  acquainted  with  him. 
we  met  at  Nat.  Dandridge's  in  Hanover,  about  the  Christ- 
mas of  that  winter,  and  passed  perhaps  a  fortnight  together 
at  the  revelries  of  the  neighborhood  &  season,  his  manners 
had  something  of  the  coarseness  of  the  society  he  had  fre- 
quented :  his  passion  was  fiddling,  dancing  &  pleasantry,  he 
excelled  in  the  last,  and  it  attached  every  one  to  him.  the 
occasion  perhaps,  as  much  as  his  idle  disposition,  prevented 
his  engaging  in  any  conversation  which  might  give  the 
measure  either  of  his  mind  or  information,  opportunity 
was  not  wanting :  because  mr  John  Campbell  was  there, 
who  had  married  Mrs  Spotswood,  the  sister  of  Colo.  Dan- 
dridge.  he  was  a  man  of  science,  &  often  introduced 
conversations  on  scientific  subjects,  mr.  Henry  had  a 
little  before  broke  up  his  store,  or  rather  it  had  broken 
him  up,  and  within  three  months  after  he  came  to  Wil- 
liamsburg  for  his  license,  and  told  me,  I  think,  he  had 
read  law  not  more  than  six  weeks.  I  have  by  this  time 
probably  tired  you  with  these  old  histories,  and  shall  there- 
fore only  add  the  assurance  of  my  great  friendship  & 

respect. 

TH:  JEFFBRSON 


Jefferson  s  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry.         409 

MONTICELLO  Sep.  4.  16. 
DEAR  SIR 

I  have  read  with  great  delight  the  portion  of  the  history 
of  mr  Henry  which  you  have  been  so  kind  as  to  favor  me 
with,  and  which  is  now  returned :  and  I  can  say  from  my 
own  knolege  of  the  cotemporary  characters  introduced  into 
the  canvas,  that  you  have  given  them  quite  as  much  lustre 
as  themselves  would  have  asked,  the  exactness  too  of  your 
details  has  in  several  instances  corrected  the  errors  in  my 
own  recollections  where  they  had  begun  to  faulter.  in  re- 
sult, I  scarcely  find  any  thing  needing  revisal.  yet  to  shew 
you  that  I  have  scrupulously  sought  occasions  of  animad- 
version, I  will  particularize  the  following  passages  which  I 
noted  as  I  read  them. 

pa.  11.  line  17.  to  bottom.  I  think  this  whole  passage 
had  better  be  moderated,  that  mr  Henry  read  Livy  thro' 
once  a  year  is  a  known  impossibility  with  those  who  knew 
him.  he  may  have  read  him  once,  and  some  general  history 
of  Greace;  but  certainly  not  twice,  a  first  reading  of  a 
book  he  could  accomplish  sometimes,  and  on  some  subjects ; 
but  never  a  second,  he  knew  well  the  geography  of  his 
own  country,  but  certainly  never  made  any  other  his  study, 
so  as  to  our  ancient  charters,  he  had  probably  read  those  in 
Stith's  history,  but  no  man  ever  more  undervalued  char- 
tered titles  than  himself,  he  drew  all  natural  rights  from 
a  purer  source,  the  feelings  of  his  own  breast,  he  never, 
in  conversation  or  debate,  mentioned  a  hero,  a  worthy,  or  a 
fact  in  Greek  or  Roman  history,  but  so  vaguely  &  loosely 
as  to  leave  room  to  back  out,  if  he  found  he  had  blundered, 
the  study  and  learning  ascribed  to  him  in  this  passage  would 
be  inconsistent  with  the  excellent  and  just  picture  given  of 
his  indolence  thro'  the  rest  of  the  work. 

pa.  27.  1. 12.  if  the  professor  of  the  college  was  the  writer 
of  the  pamphlet,  his  name  was  Graham,  not  Greeme.  he 
was  my  master,  &  intimately  known  to  me. 

pa.  33.  1.  4.  enquire  further  into  the  fact  alleged  that 
Henry  was  counsel  for  Littlepage.  I  am  much  persuaded 


410        Jefferson  s  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry. 

he  was  counsel  for  Dandridge.  there  was  great  personal 
antipathy  between  him  and  Littlepage,  and  the  closest  in- 
timacy with  Dandridge,  who  was  his  near  neighbor,  in 
whose  house  he  was  at  home,  &  as  one  of  the  family,  who 
was  his  earliest  and  greatest  admirer  and  patron,  and  whose 
daughter  became  afterwards  his  second  wife,  it  was  in  his 
house  that  during  a  course  of  Christmas  festivities,  I  first 
became  acquainted  with  mr  Henry,  this,  it  is  true,  is  but 
presumptive  evidence,  and  may  be  overruled  by  direct 
proof,  but  I  am  confident  he  could  never  have  undertaken 
any  case  against  Dandridge,  considering  the  union  of  their 
bosoms,  it  would  have  been  a  great  crime. 

pa.  37.  1.  13.  &  pa.  65.  1.  6.  from  bottom,  there  was  but 
one  clear  &  sound  bottom  on  which  the  separation  of  the 
chair  and  the  treasury  was  decided,  the  legislature  made 
all  their  levies  of  money  payable  into  the  hands  of  their 
speaker,  over  whom  they  had  controul.  the  only  hold  the 
Govr.  had  on  him  was  a  negative  on  his  appointment  as 
Speaker  at  every  new  election,  which  amounted  conse- 
quently to  a  negative  on  him  as  treasurer  and  disposed  him 
so  far  to  be  obsequious  to  the  Governor. 

pa.  57. 1.  11.  strike  out  Starke.  he  was  nobody;  a  mere 
lounger  at  the  bar,  without  business,  without  knolege,  and 
without  principle.  John  Blair  is  omitted  here,  one  of  the 
purest  men  then  living,  a  well  read  lawyer,  logical  reasoner, 
&  only  kept  down  by  his  insuperable  diffidence. 

These  are  the  only  passages  which  I  thought  might  be 
worthy  of  further  enquiry;  and  are  so  unimportant  as 
scarcely  to  be  worth  a  defacement  of  the  MS.  by  alteration. 
— I  shall  set  out  for  Bedford  on  the  8th.  return  a  fort- 
night after  to  pass  a  week  here,  and  shall  then  go  back  to 
Bedford  to  remain  till  the  last  of  October,  this  knolege  of 
my  movements  will  enable  you  to  give  a  proper  direction 
to  any  further  communications  you  may  wish  to  make, 
accept  the  assurance  of  my  constant  friendship  &  respect. 

TH:  JEFFERSON 
WILLIAM  WIRT,  ESQ 


Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry.        411 

POPLAR  FOREST  Sep.  29,  16. 
DEAR  SIR 

I  found,  on  my  arrival  here  the  2d  parcel  of  your  sheets, 
which  I  have  read  with  the  same  avidity  and  pleasure  as  the 
former,  this  proves  they  will  experience  no  delay  in  my 
hands,  and  that  I  consider  them  as  worthy  every  thing  I  can 
do  for  them,  they  need  indeed  but  little,  or  rather  I  should 
say  nothing.  I  have  however  hazarded  some  suggestions 
on  a  paper  inclosed,  when  I  read  the  former  sheets,  I  did 
not  consider  the  article  of  style  as  within  my  jurisdiction, 
however  since  you  ask  observations  on  that,  and  suggest 
doubts  entertained  by  yourself  on  a  particular  quality  of  it, 
I  will  candidly  say  that  I  think  some  passages  of  the  former 
sheets  too  flowery  for  the  sober  taste  of  history,  it  will 
please  young  readers  in  its  present  form,  but  to  the  older  it 
would  give  more  pleasure  and  confidence  to  have  some  exu- 
berances lightly  pruned.  I  say  lightly ;  because  your  style 
is  naturally  rich  and  captivating,  and  would  suffer  if  sub- 
mitted to  the  rasp  of  a  rude  hand,  a  few  excrescences  may 
be  rubbed  off  by  a  delicate  touch ;  but  better  too  little  than 
too  much  correction,  in  the  2d  parcel  of  sheets,  altho1  read 
with  an  eye  to  your  request,  I  have  found  nothing  of  this 
kind.  I  thus  comply  with  your  desire ;  but  on  the  condition 
originally  prescribed,  that  you  shall  consider  my  observations 
as  mere  suggestions,  meant  to  recall  the  subject  to  a  revi- 
sion by  yourself,  and  that  no  change  be  made  in  consequence 
of  them  but  on  the  confirmed  dictates  of  your  own  judg- 
ment. I  have  no  amour-propre  which  will  suffer  by  having 
hazarded  a  false  criticism,  on  the  contrary  I  should  regret 
were  the  genuine  character  of  your  composition  to  be  adul- 
terated by  any  foreign  ingredient.  I  return  to  Albemarle 
within  a  week,  shall  stay  there  10  days,  come  back  and  pass 
here  October  and  part  of  November.  I  salute  you  affection- 
ately. 

TH.  JEFFERSON 

MR.  WIRT 


412        Jefferson  s  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry. 

page  92.  There  is  one  circumstance  in  my  letter  here  quoted 
which  may  not  perhaps  be  exactly  correct,  to  wit,  whether 
Govr.  Livingston  produced  Jay's  draught  in  the  House  of 
Congress,  or  in  the  Committee  to  which  Lee's  draught  was 
recommitted  ?  the  latter  seems  most  agreeable  to  usuage;  and 
lest  I  should  have  erred  in  this  particular,  I  have  so  modi- 
fied the  quotation  as  to  adapt  it  to  either  fact,  this  anecdote 
will  probably  draw  on  me  the  wrath  of  the  family  &  friends 
of  Mr  Lee,  who  are  exceedingly  jealous  of  the  fame  of 
their  eminent  relation,  it  will  only  add  however  a  vouche 
a  feu  the  more  to  the  battery  of  obloquy  which,  reared  in 
94,  has  been  incessantly  directed  on  me,  but  without  chang- 
ing my  course  a  single  point.  Mr  Jay's  rude  address  to 
Mr  Lee  in  my  presence,  which  I  immediately  diverted  from 
him  would  have  been  a  mortifying  addition  to  the  anecdote ; 
but  this  does  not  belong  to  history. 

pa.  92.  Capt.  Foy  was  private  Secretary  to  Ld.  Dunmore, 
lived  with  him  in  the  palace,  was  believed  to  be  the  chief 
instigator  of  all  his  violences,  and  being  very  ill  tempered, 
haughty  &  presumptuous,  was  very  obnoxious. 

pa.  110.  Was  not  William  Nelson  still  living  ?  if  he  was, 
he  was  the  President.  I  thought  he  retired  to  Hanover  and 

died  there  some  time  after  these  transactions,     his  brother 

P 

Thomas,  the  Secretary,  succeeded  as  president  only  on  his 
death,  whenever  that  took  place. 

pa.  128.  that  Mr  Henry  wanted  personal  courage  was  the 
very  general  belief  of  all  his  acquaintances,  strengthened 
perhaps  by  inference  from  the  fact  that  his  brother  William, 
and  half  brother  Syme  were  notorious  cowards.  but  I 
know  nothing  of  the  facts  on  which  this  opinion  of  Mr 
Henry  was  founded ;  nor  do  I  recollect  having  heard  except 
a  single  one  related  to  me  by  Govr.  Page,  then  a  member  of 
the  Committee  of  safety,  this  was  that  while  Mr  Henry's 
corps  was  encamped  near  William sburg,  a  nocturnal  alarm 
took  place,  on  a  false  report  that  the  enemy  had  landed,  I 
believe,  at  Burwell's  ferry :  and  were  on  their  march  to  the 
city.  Mr  Henry  was  so  panic  struck  as  to  be  incapable  of 


Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry.        413 

giving  an  order,  and  the  next  in  command  was  obliged  to 
array  the  men,  and  take  the  necessary  measures  for  defence 
the  belief  therefore  that  Mr  Henry  was  no  souldier,  which  pre- 
vailed with  the  Committee  of  safety,  and  also  with  our  own 
members  of  Congress,  might  justify  them  in  not  confiding  to 
him  the  military  destinies  of  the  state,  the  same  doubt 
occasioned  a  refusal  of  command  sollicited  by  Colo.  Byrd, 
one  of  our  highest  citizens  in  rank  &  wealth,  who  had  been 
Colo,  of  a  regiment  in  the  war  of  1755.  it  is  true  indeed 
that  Mr  Henry  and  Mr  Pendleton  each,  thought  they  saw 
in  the  character  of  the  other  something  which  they  con- 
demned; of  which  those  who  knew  both  more  intimately 
than  either  did  the  other,  acquitted  both,  and  this  distrust 
they  never  dissembled  in  their  private  conversations,  they 
were  always  polite  to  each  other,  but  nothing  affectionate, 
possibly  some  of  this  grudge  might  have  incorporated  itself 
with  Mr  Pendleton's  judgments  on  the  military  merit  ot 
Mr  Henry  :  but  since  this  trait  in  Mr  Henry's  charac- 
ter has  at  least  been  believed,  and  no  fact  has  been  produced 
to  prove  it  ill-founded  (for  his  march  to  Williamsburg 
proved  civil  courage  only,  but  not  military,  as  he  knew  there 
was  no  enemy  to  meet  him)  why  bring  it  into  view  at  all  ? 
Mr  Henry's  transcendent  eminence  as  an  Orator  &  States- 
man, and  especially  his  unquestioned  primacy  in  bringing 
on  the  revolution  give  him  a  mass  of  fame  sufficient  to  sat- 
isfy any  ambition,  to  claim  for  him  questionable  merits 
detracts  more  than  it  adds  in  the  estimate  of  his  character. 
Demosthenes  like  Henry  was  unquestioned  as  an  Orator  & 
Statesman,  but  doubted  as  a  soldier,  but  is  it  not  found  that, 
on  the  former  ground  alone  the  Graecian  is  placed  as  high 
as  mortal  man  can  be  ?  the  danger  is  that  if  this  point  be 
urged  it  may  produce  contradiction  and  proof,  which  would 
die  away  if  not  excited.  I  was  as  intimate,  and  more  cor- 
dial with  Mr  Henry  in  those  days,  than  perhaps  any  other 
of  those  with  whom  he  acted  on  the  higher  stage  of  affairs  ; 
and  my  settled  opinion  was  this.  When  Mr  Henry  found 
that  the  business  of  Congress  had  got  into  a  regular  train 


414        Jefferson  s  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry. 

of  action,  in  which  he  could  no  longer  maintain  his  emi- 
nence, it  became  hie  wish  to  withdraw ;  and  the  military 
command  in  Yirginia,  which  was  conferred  on  him  while 
absent  at  Philadelphia,  appeared  to  him  as  a  god-send  to 
justify  his  retirement  from  Congress.  I  accompanied  him 
to  Yirginia  on  his  return,  which  gave  me  some  opportunity 
of  estimating  his  views  on  the  occasion.  I  did  not  observe 
that  they  were  directed  to  military  fame,  or  that  he  thought 
his  appointment  had  put  him  into  the  line  of  splendid  util- 
ity, indeed  I  doubted  from  his  conversation,  whether  he 
meant  to  accept  it.  add  to  this  that  his  mind  was  not 
formed  for  subordination,  even  to  a  Committee  of  safety,  or 
a  Convention,  he  became  anxious  therefore  to  withdraw 
from  his  military  station,  after  it  had  served  the  purpose  of 
procuring  him  a  decent  retreat  from  his  Congressional  one ; 
and  the  question  about  rank  furnished  him  plausible  cause, 
of  this  he  availed  himself,  and  thus  got  back  to  that  ground 
on  which  nature  had  formed  him  to  command,  he  returned 
to  our  civil  councils  which  were  his  natural  element,  and 
in  which  his  eminence  at  once  placed  him  at  their  head, 
this  I  did  then,  and  do  still  verily  believe  was  the  train  of 
views  on  which  Mr  Henry  acted.  I  think  that  he  felt  him- 
self at  home  in  civil  affairs  and  soaring  above  all :  but  not 
at  all  so  in  military  things :  that  he  never  had  a  wish  or  a 
thought  of  pursuing  that  career,  in  which  there  was  already 
a  crowd  of  Generals,  who  must  forever  be  above  him,  and 
that  his  apparent  resentment  covered  really  a  secret  wish. 
Mr  Henry  was  not  a  man  who,  on  a  nice  punchilio  of 
honor,  would  have  withdrawn  from  a  post  of  his  choice  in 
a  cause  in  which  he  was  so  ardent. 

If  this  be  a  true  view  of  the  question  between  Mr  Pen- 
dleton  &  Mr  Henry,  it  would  seem  that  all  difficulty  may 
be  avoided  by  striking  out  the  whole  of  what  relates  to  this 
incident,  and  leaving  it  blank  to  bury  the  question  as  to 
both  in  oblivion.  While  this  would  leave  in  quiet  the 
admirers  of  both  parties,  it  would  remove  from  the  page  of 
history  an  example  of  sacrificing  so  holy  a  cause,  and  at  so 


Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry.        415 

early  a  period  of  it,  to  personal  passions  and  interests; 
which  it  is  distressing,  in  such  a  case,  to  suppose  but  on 
notorious  fact. 

pa.  137.  Can  this  preamble  be  correctly  copied  from  the 
printed  one  ?  it  is  not  grammar,  my  original  draught  did 
not  run  so,  as  may  be  seen  if  examined. 

pa.  144.  I  think  that  Congress  only  authorized  Genl. 
Washington  to  extend  military  law  (which  always  prevails 
within  a  camp  &  to  gunshot  distance  beyond  the  line  of  sen- 
tinels) to  the  distance  of  twenty  miles  around  his  camp,  but 
I  am  not  sure  of  this,  and  it  ought  to  be  enquired  into ;  for 
it  is  not  useful  that  examples  should  be  strained  to  furnish 
precedents  for  so  execrable  a  measure  as  the  establishment 
of  a  dictator. 

Of  the  anecdote  of  popular  violence  on  the  flag  of  the 
General  assembly  in  1769.  I  never  before  heard,  nor  can 
I  believe  it  true.  I  was  in  Williamsburg  during  the  4  courts 
of  Apr.  June,  Oct.  &  Dec.  of  that  and  of  some  years  proceed- 
ing &  subsequent,  and  also  during  the  autumn  session  of  the 
legislature  of  the  same  year,  and  do  not  remember  to  have 
heard  a  word  of  such  an  act  of  insurgency  of  our  people ; 
and  had  I  ever  heard  it,  I  could  not  have  forgotten  so 
unique  a  fact,  it  would  have  been  the  first  instance  of 
actual  riot,  in  our  country  below  the  mountains  since  Bacon's 
rebellion,  the  previous  assemblages  of  people  to  ask  their 
stamp  masters  to  resign  were  entirely  peaceable,  in  1769 
the  people  were  yet  entirely  submissive  to  the  laws,  and 
would  have  been  unquestionably  punished  for  any  daring 
breach  of  them. 

RICHMOND.  Oct.  2.  1816. 
DEAR  SIR 

I  sent  you,  about  three  or  four  weeks  ago,  a  second,  and 
by  the  last  mail,  a  third  parcel  of  my  biographical  M.S. — 
Not  having  heard  of  their  arrival  and  having  had  frequent 
proofs  of  the  irregularity  of  the  mails,  I  am  fearful  that  the 
packets  have  miscarried.  I  beg  you  to  be  assured  that  it  is 
not  with  the  most  distant  intention  of  hurrying  you  in  the 


416        Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry. 

kind  and  obliging  office  you  have  undertaken  for  me,  that 
I  drop  this  note :  but  simply  and  sincerely  to  ascertain 
whether  the  parcels  have  arrived — because  if  they  have  not, 
I  will  have  them  immediately  recopied  and  forwarded,  and 
shall  thus  save  time  which  w.d  be  otherwise  lost,  on  the  sup- 
position that  they  have  miscarried. — So  far  indeed  from 
hurrying  you  I  feel  myself  much  obliged  by  every  hour  of 
the  time  which  you  are  so  good  as  to  devote  to  this  little 
business  and  had  much  rather  enlarge  than  contract  your 
opportunity  for  remark. 

Respectfully  and  affectionately  yours 

m  WM.  WIRT 

THOMAS  JEFFERSON  ESQ. 

MONTICELLO    Oct.    8.    16 

DEAR  SIR 

I  received  your  3d  parcel  of  sheets  just  as  I  was  leaving 
Poplar  Forest,  and  have  read  them  with  the  usual  pleasure, 
they  relate  however  to  the  period  of  time  exactly,  during 
which  I  was  absent  in  Europe,  consequently  I  am  without 
knolege  of  the  facts  they  state,  indeed  they  are  mostly 
new  history  to  me.  on  the  subject  of  style  they  are  not 
liable  to  the  doubts  I  hazarded  on  the  1st.  parcel,  unless  a 
short  passage  in  page  198.  should  be  thought  too  poetical, 
indeed  as  I  read  the  2d  &  3d  parcels  with  attentions  to  style 
and  found  them  not  subject  to  the  observations  I  made  on 
the  first,  (which  were  from  memory  only,  &  after  I  had 
parted  with  them)  I  have  suspected  that  revisal  might  have 
corrected  my  opinion  on  the  1st.  of  this  however  you  will 
judge,  one  only  fact  in  the  last  sheets  was  within  my 
knolege,  that  relating  to  Philips,  and  on  this  I  had  formerly 
given  you  explanations.  I  am  very  glad  indeed  that  you 
have  examined  the  records,  and  established  truth  in  this 
case,  how  mr  Randolph  could  indulge  himself  in  a  state- 
ment of  facts,  so  solemnly  made,  the  falsehood  of  every 
article  of  which  had  been  known  to  himself  particularly ; 
and  how  mr  Henry  could  be  silent  under  such  a  perversion 
of  facts  known  to  himself,  agreed  on  at  a  consultation  with 


Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry.        417 

members  whom  lie  invited  to  the  palace  to  advise  with  on 
the  occasion,  and  done  at  his  request  according  to  what 
was  concluded,  is  perfectly  unaccountable,  not  that  I  con- 
sider mr  Randolph  as  mistating  intentionally,  or  desiring 
to  boulster  an  argument  at  the  expence  of  an  absent  person  : 
for  there  were  no  uncordial  dispositions  between  him  & 
myself;  and  as  little  do  I  impute  to  mr  Henry  any  willing- 
ness to  leave  on  my  shoulders  a  charge  which  he  could  BO 
easily  have  disproved,  the  fact  must  have  been  that  they 
were  both  out  of  their  heads  on  that  occasion :  still  not  the 
less  injuriously  to  me,  whom  mr  Randolph  might  as  well 
have  named,  as  the  journals  shewed  I  was  the  first  named 
of  the  Committee,  would  it  be  out  of  place  for  you  to 
refer  by  a  note  to  the  countenance  which  judge  Tucker  has 
given  to  this  misrepresentation,  by  making  strictures  on  it, 
in  his  Blackstone,  as  if  it  were  true  ?  it  is  such  a  calumny  on 
our  revolutionary  government  as  should  be  eradicated  from 
history,  and  especially  from  that  of  this  state,  which  justly 
prides  itself  on  having  gone  thro  the  revolution  without  a 
single  example  of  capital  punishment  connected  with  that. 

ever  affectionately  yours  m 

TH:  JEFFERSON 

MR.  WIRT 

-p         a  POPLAR  FOREST  Nov.  12.  16. 

Yours  of  Oct.  23.  was  received  here  on  the  31st.  with 
the  last  sheets  of  your  work,  they  found  me  engaged  in  a 
business  which  could  not  be  postponed  and  have  therefore 
been  detained  longer  than  I  wished,  on  the  subject  of  our 
antient  aristocracy,  I  believe  I  have  said  nothing  which 
all  who  knew  them  will  not  confirm,  and  which  their 
reasonable  descendants  may  not  learn  from  every  quarter, 
it  was  the  effect  of  the  large  accumulations  of  property 
under  the  law  of  entails.  the  suppression  of  entails 
reduced  the  spirit  of  the  rich  while  the  increased  influ- 
ence given  by  the  new  government  to  the  people,  raised 
theirs,  and  brought  things  to  their  present  level  from 
a  condition  which  the  present  generation,  who  have  not 
VOL.  xxxiv — 27 


418        Jefferson's  Recollections  of  Patrick  Henry. 

seen  it  can  scarcely  believe  or  conceive.  I  believe  I 
have  named  none  particularly :  that  would  be  wrong, 
you  ask  if  I  think  your  work  would  be  the  better  of  re- 
trenchment ?  by  no  means ;  I  have  seen  nothing  in  it 
which  could  be  retrenched  but  to  disadvantage  :  and  again 
whether,  as  a  friend,  I  would  advise  it's  publication  ?  on 
that  question  I  have  no  hesitation,  on  your  own  account  as 
well  as  that  of  the  public,  to  the  latter  it  will  be  valuable 
and  honorable  to  yourself,  you  must  expect  to  be  criticised, 
and  by  a  former  letter  I  see  you  expect  it.  by  the  Quarterly 
reviewers  you  will  be  hacked  and  hewed  by  the  tomahawk 
and  scalping  knife,  those  of  Edinburgh,  with  the  same 
an ti- American  prejudices,  but  sometimes  considering  us  as 
allies  against  their  administration,  will  do  it  more  decently 
— they  will  assume  as  a  model  for  biography  the  familiar 
manner  of  Plutarch,  or  scanty  matter  of  Nepos,  and  try 
you  perhaps  by  these  tests,  but  they  can  only  prove  that 
your  style  is  different  from  theirs,  not  that  it  is  not  good. 
I  have  always  very  much  despised  the  artificial  canons  of 
criticism,  when  I  have  read  a  work  in  prose  or  poetry,  or 
seen  a  painting  a  statue  etc.  I  have  only  asked  myself 
whether  it  gives  me  pleasure,  whether  it  is  animating,  in- 
teresting, attaching  ?  if  it  is,  it  is  good  for  these  reasons, 
on  these  grounds  you  will  be  safe,  those  who  take  up  your 
book  will  find  they  cannot  lay  it  down,  and  this  will  be  it's 
best  criticism.  You  have  certainly  practised  regorously 
the  precept  of  "  de  mortuis  nil  nisi  bonum."  this  presents 
a  very  difficult  question,  whether  one  only,  or  both  sides  of 
the  medal  should  be  presented,  it  constitutes  perhaps  the 
distinction  between  panegyric  and  history,  on  this  opinions 
are  so  much  divided,  and  perhaps  may  be  so  on  this  feature 
of  your  work,  on  the  whole  however  you  have  nothing  to 
fear,  at  least  if  my  views  are  not  very  different  from  the 
common,  and  no  one  will  see  it's  appearance  with  more 
pleasure  than  myself,  as  no  one  can  with  more  truth  give 
you  assurances  of  great  respect  &  affectionate  attachment. 

TH:  JEFFERSON 


Autobiographical  Sketch,  Gen.  Burrows.  419 


AUTOBIOGEAPHICAL  SKETCH  OF  THE  LIFE  OF  GEN. 
JOHN  BURROWS,  OF  LYCOMING  CO.,  PENNA. 

(Written  in  1837.) 

I,  JOHN  BURROWS,  of  Lycoming  county,  and  State  of 
Pennsylvania,  being  solicited  by  my  children  and  grand- 
children, and  other  relatives,  to  give  them  a  history  of  my 
life,  I  have  undertaken  to  give  them  a  brief  sketch  of  some 
of  the  events  of  it,  and  of  my  parentage. 

I  was  born  near  Rathway,  a  town  in  East  Jersey,  the  15th 
of  May,  1760.  My  Grandfather,  John  Burrows,  with  other 
brethren,  emigrated  from  England  to  get  clear  of  religious 
persecution,  and  landed  in  Massachusetts  in  1645,  and  set- 
tled near  Rathway  (where  I  was  born  and  where  my  father 
was  born),  where  he  died,  being  near  a  hundred  years  old. 

My  father,  John  Burrows,  married  Lois,  the  daughter  of 
the  Rev.  Nathaniel  Hubble,  a  Presbyterian  clergyman  (who 
preached  to  the  same  congregation,  in  Rathway,  upwards 
of  forty  years)  by  whom  he  had  five  sons. 

My  mother  dying  when  I  was  an  infant,  he  left  me  with 
his  only  sister  (intermarried  with  Richard  Hall)  and  removed 
to  Pennsylvania  and  settled  on  the  bank  of  the  Delaware, 
opposite  Trenton,  where  he  married  a  widow  Morgan,  an 
excellent  woman  and  an  affectionate  step-mother. 

The  first  mail  route  in  America  was  established  at  this 
time.  My  father's  proposals  (as  he  informed  me)  went  to 
England,  and  he  was  allotted  the  carrying  of  the  mail  be- 
tween ISTew  York  and  Philadelphia,  three  times  a  week,  on 
horseback,  going  through  in  one  day  and  night,  and  return- 
ing the  next,  laying  by  the  Sabbath.  He  always  kept  light 
boys  for  riders,  and  each  of  his  sons  had  to  take  their  turn, 
until  they  became  too  heavy.  When  I  was  thirteen  years 
old  my  father  sent  for  me  home,  and  I  had  to  take  my  turn 


420  Autobiographical  Sketch,  Gen.  Burrows. 

at  riding;  and  I  never  carried  a  mail,  during  the  three 
years  that  I  rode,  but  I  could  have  carried  on  my  little 
finger. 

My  kind  step-mother  having  deceased,  my  father  married 
a  third  wife,  very  unlike  his  last.  She  had  six  children 
and  he  had  six.  Upon  which  occasion,  his  children,  not 
feeling  comfortable  at  home,  and  the  news  of  the  British 
landing  on  Long  Island,  we  all  five  marched  in  the  militia; 
and  when  our  term  expired  we  joined  the  flying-camp ;  was 
on  Long  Island  at  the  retreat  off"  it.  Two  of  my  brothers 
were  taken  at  Fort  Washington,  and  the  rest  of  us  returned 
with  the  remnant  of  the  retreating  army  to  Pennsylvania, 
and  the  British  close  on  our  heels  all  the  way,  until  we 
crossed  the  Delaware.  General  Washington  lay  about  two 
weeks  at  my  father's,  opposite  Trenton ;  then  removed  to 
Newtown,  the  county  seat  of  Bucks,  from  which  place  he 
marched  with  his  little  army  on  Christmas  morning,  1776, 
and  crossed  the  Delaware  that  night,  nine  miles  above 
Trenton.  I  crossed  with  him,  and  assisted  in  taking  the 
Hessians  next  morning.  The  particulars  of  the  arrange- 
ment and  plan  of  the  different  divisions  of  the  army  intend- 
ing to  cross  the  river,  but  was  prevented  by  the  ice ;  the 
places,  number  of  divisions,  etc.,  has  been  erroneously  given 
in  history.  The  prisoners  were  conveyed  across  the  river 
and  we  remained  in  Jersey  until  that  day  week,  the  2d  of 
January  (the  cannonade  at  Trenton),  and  marched  that 
night,  at  twelve  o'clock,  up  the  Sandpink  Creek,  and  arrived 
at  Stony-Brook,  about  one  mile  from  Princeton,  at  sunrise. 
In  ascending  the  hill  to  the  town,  to  the  right  of  the  main 
road,  there  was  an  extensive  thick  thorn  hedge.  When  we 
got  pretty  near  to  it,  the  whole  British  force  that  lay  at 
Princeton  had  concealed  themselves  in  ambush  behind  the 
hedge,  and  rose  and  fired.  The  Philadelphia  militia  were 
in  front,  and  gave  way ;  but  were  rallied  again  by  Generals 
Cadwalader  and  Mifflin. 

After  the  enemy  were  driven  from  the  hedge — there  be- 
ing but  one  gate  in  the  hedge  to  pass  through  to  pursue 


Autobiographical  Sketch,  Gen.  Burrows.  421 

them — General  Mercer  in  advance,  with  a  small  party,  was 
first  through  the  gate.  The  enemy  observing  it,  rushed 
back  to  the  charge,  and  bayonetted  the  General  and  twelve 
others  before  they  could  be  relieved.  Part  of  the  army 
moved  swiftly  to  the  right,  round  the  hedge,  got  ahead  of 
part  of  the  enemy  and  captured  five  hundred  of  them. 
While  we  were  collecting  our  dead  and  wounded,  the  ad- 
vance of  the  main  British  army  that  we  had  left  in  the 
night  at  Trenton,  fired  on  some  men  that  were  sent  to  cut 
the  bridge  down  that  was  over  Stony-Brook.  We  now 
moved  on  with  our  prisioners.  The  British  forded  Stony- 
Brook  and  pursued  us.  We  were  again  fired  on,  cutting 
the  bridge  down  at  Kingston,  three  miles  from  Princeton. 
After  pursuing  our  course  some  six  or  seven  miles  on  the 
road  to  Brunswick,  we  turned  off  the  main  road  to  elude 
the  pursuit  of  the  enemy,  and  halted  at  Pluckemin  for  re- 
freshment, where  we  interred  the  dead — with  the  honors  of 
war  and  had  the  wounds  of  the  wounded  dressed. 

From  this  place  I  returned  home,  and  after  staying  a 
short  time  to  rest  I  returned  back  and  joined  the  army  at 
Morristown,  as  an  express  rider,  at  forty  dollars  per  month. 
Our  army  lay  this  summer,  1777,  in  Jersey.  Had  several 
skirmishes  with  the  enemy.  At  one  of  them  General 
Sterling's  division,  composing  Maxwell's  and  Conway's 
brigades,  were  severely  handled  at  the  Short  Hills,  a  few 
miles  from  Brunswick. 

When  the  British  appeared  in  the  Chesapeake  we  crossed 
the  Delaware  to  Pennsylvania.  The  British  landed  at  the 
head  of  Elk  River  and  marched  for  Philadelphia.  We  met 
them  at  Brandywine  Creek,  at  a  place  called  Chad's-Ford; 
and  a  battle  ensued  between  the  hostile  armies,  the  result 
of  which  is  well  known,  though  some  trifling  errors  are 
committed,  and  incidents  omitted  in  history,  that  might  be 
interesting  to  many  at  this  day,  and  which  I  find  to  be  the 
case  in  every  battle  I  was  in  during  the  war. 

After  the  battle  our  army  retreated,  and  was  pursued  by 
the  British  through  different  parts  of  Chester  county,  but 


422          Autobiographical  Sketch,,  Gen.  Burrows. 

had  no  fighting,  except  at  the  Paoli,  with  General  Wayne's 
brigade;  after  which  the  British  steered  their  course  for 
Philadelphia  and  stationed  part  of  their  army  at  German- 
town,  and  General  Washington  encamped  at  a  place  called 
the  Trappe,  about  twenty-five  miles  from  Philadelphia. 

General  Washington  soon  perceived  the  evil  of  suffering 
the  enemy  to  keep  possession  of  the  country  as  well  as  the 
City,  and  the  advantage  they  had  in  their  depredations  upon 
the  inhabitants  and  supplying  themselves  with  every  neces- 
sity they  wanted.  He  was  determined  to  deprive  them  of 
that  advantage,  and  accordingly  moved  from  the  Trappe 
with  his  whole  force,  and  attacked  them  at  Germantown  and 
drove  them  more  than  a  mile,  when  two  circumstances 
occurred  to  impede  our  onward  course.  The  enemy  filled 
two  strong  houses  with  soldiers,  with  two  field  pieces,  which 
we  ineffectually  tried  to  get  possession  of,  and  the  other  was 
Gen.  Stevens  of  Virginia,  laying  back  on  the  left  wing  of 
the  army.  Cornwallis  arriving  in  the  meantime  with  their 
whole  force  from  the  City  we  were  compelled  to  retreat,  and 
the  enemy  pursued  us  for  several  miles.  It  had,  however, 
the  desired  effect — it  confined  them  to  the  City. 

We  lay  then  about  two  weeks  at  White  Marsh,  fifteen 
miles  from  Philadelphia;  then  crossed  the  Schuylkill,  and 
lay  a  few  days  on  the  hill  near  Gulph  Mills,  and  then  went 
into  winter  quarters  at  Valley  Forge. 

About  two  weeks  before  we  left  Valley  Forge  I  was  at 
home  at  my  father's,  on  furlough,  and  while  I  was  there  the 
British  sent  a  gunboat  and  five  or  six  hundred  men  up  the 
Delaware,  evidently  for  the  special  purpose  of  burning  the 
valuable  buildings  belonging  to  Col.  Joseph  Kirkbride,  an 
active  and  zealous  Whig.  The  gunboat  ran  aground  on  a 
bar  in  the  river.  I  fell  in  with  a  company  of  artillery  that 
belonged  in  Trenton,  and  we  went  as  near  to  the  gunboat 
as  we  could  get  on  the  Jersey  shore,  and  fired  into  her  the 
whole  time  she  lay  aground,  and  she  fired  her  thirty-two 
pounder  at  us  until  the  tide  raised  and  floated  her  oft',  when 
she  steered  her  course  down  the  river. 


Autobiographical  Sketch,  Gen.  Burrows.  423 

The  land  troops,  after  they  had  burned  up  the  entire 
buildings  of  Col.  Kirkbride,  consisting  of  a  fine  dwelling 
house,  a  barn,  glass  house  and  out-buildings  of  every 
description,  marched  by  land  for  Bristol,  where  they 
embarked  again  for  Philadelphia.  We  crossed  the  river  to 
pursue  them.  I  stopped,  with  two  others  of  the  Company, 
to  view  the  ruins  of 'Kirkbride's  buildings,  and  my  stopping 
there  enabled  me  to  stop  the  destruction  of  other  buildings, 
equally  as  valuable  as  Kirkbride's,  belonging  to  Thomas 
Roche,  a  violent  Tory.  Kirkbride  and  he  lived  about  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  apart,  on  the  bank  of  the  River  opposite 
Bordentown.  They  were  both  rich,  and  had  large  posses- 
sions. While  viewing  the  ruins  we  observed  a  British  sol- 
dier lying  drunk  from  wine  from  Kirkbride's  cellar,  and 
while  securing  him  I  saw  a  skiff  coming  across  the  river, 
and  a  man  rowing  it,  without  a  hat,  appeared  in  great  haste. 
I  observed  to  the  two  men  who  stopped  with  me  that  I 
thought  he  was  bent  on  mischief — that  his  object  was  to 
burn  Roche's  buildings,  by  way  of  retaliation. 

As  soon  as  the  boat  struck  the  shore  he  jumped  out, 
with  a  bundle  of  oakum  under  his  arm,  and  made  towards 
Roche's.  I  observed  to  the  men  with  me  that  we  must  not 
suffer  it  to  be  done.  They  replied  :  "  Let  him  burn  up  the 

d d  Tory."  I,  however,  prevailed  upon  them  to  go  with 

me  to  Roche's,  and  we  prevented  him  from  executing  his 
purpose.  Roche  and  his  family  were  very  much  alarmed, 
and  one  of  the  daughters  fainted.  Roche  rolled  out  a 
quarter  of  a  cask  of  wine  for  us.  The  fellow  swore  he 
would  go  back  and  get  a  force  strong  enough.  He  did  go 
over  to  Bordentown  and  come  back  with  two  more  beside 
himself.  We  still  prevented  and  deterred  them  from  com- 
mitting the  act ;  stayed  there  all  night,  and  until  a  guard 
of  men  was  procured  to  protect  him,  and  his  property  was 
saved.  This  act  of  mine,  in  riper  years,  has  given  me 
satisfaction.  Roche  told  me  that  after  the  war  he  would 
reward  me,  but  never  did,  but  I  have  always  considered 
myself  sufficiently  rewarded  in  the  act  itself.  I  have  been 


424  Autobiographical  Sketch,  Gen.  Burrows. 

thus  particular  in  the  matter  because  history  makes  no 
mention  of  the  affair. 

I  returned  back  to  Valley  Forge,  and  when  it  was  known 
that  the  British  were  about  to  leave  Philadelphia  and  go  by 
land  through  Jersey  to  New  York,  we  left  the  Valley  Forge, 
crossed  the  Delaware  and  came  up  with  the  enemy  at  Mon- 
mouth,  where  during  the  action,  my  horse  fell  dead  under 
me,  and  Qen.  Washington  presented  me  with  another  very 
good  one,  and  when  I  informed  him  that  I  wished  to  leave 
the  army,  he  gave  me  a  certificate  of  my  good  behaviour 
while  with  him,  which,  like  a  foolish  boy,  I  did  not  take 
care  to  preserve.  During  fourteen  months  that  I  was  with 
him  in  this  capacity,  I  was  a  member  of  his  household 
(except  when  I  was  conveying  his  dispatches)  and  witnessed 
traits  of  the  great,  the  good,  the  prudent  and  the  virtuous 
man,  that  would  be  vanity  in  me  to  attempt,  with  my  feeble 
pen,  to  describe,  and  do  justice  to  his  character. 

From  Monmouth  I  returned  home,  and  things  not  look- 
ing much  more  comfortable  there  than  when  I  first  left  it, 
and  having  now  arrived  at  an  age  to  reflect  and  think  of 
my  future  prospects,  how  I  was  to  get  a  living,  etc.,  I  con- 
cluded I  would  learn  some  trade,  and  accordingly  went  into 
Trenton,  and  bound  myself  to  John  Yard,  to  learn  the 
blacksmith  trade.  Having  lost  nothing  of  my  military  spirit 
and  zeal  for  the  cause  of  my  country,  I  joined  a  volunteer 
company  of  artillery  that  I  had  been  with,  firing  at  the 
British  gunboat,  and  was  out  with  the  company  every 
summer  during  the  four  years  that  I  resided  in  Trenton, 
and  one  winter  campaign.  During  one  of  these  summers 
I  was  at  the  battle  of  Springfield,  in  Jersey ;  this  was  the 
seventh  battle  I  was  in  during  the  war,  besides  several 
skirmishes,  one  of  which  skirmishes  I  have  just  related,  and 
as  I  have  not  seen  the  particulars  of  this  battle  given  in 
history  I  will  here  give  some  of  them. 

Kniphausen,  a  Hessian  General,  landed  at  Elizabethtown 
Point  with  five  thousand  British  and  Hessians,  and  pro- 
ceeded to  burn  a  place  called  "  Connecticut  Farms,"  after 


Autobiographical  Sketch,  Gen.  Burrows.  425 

which  they  made  an  attempt  on  Springfield.  On  the  news 
of  their  landing,  we  marched  with  our  artillery  all  night, 
and  arrived  just  in  time  to  take  part  in  the  battle  as  the 
enemy  approached  the  town ;  it  was  defended  by  the  four 
regiments  of  Jersey  regular  troops,  and  the  Jersey  militia 
en  masse.  There  was  a  deep  morass  on  the  south  of  the 
town,  extending  east  and  west  a  considerable  distance  past 
it,  and  but  one  bridge  to  get  into  the  town  the  way  the 
enemy  came.  Our  Company  and  another  of  artillery,  was 
placed  pretty  near  the  bridge,  behind  a  small  eminence, 
and  the  shot  of  the  enemy  as  they  came  near,  all  went  over 
us.  The  road  they  came  was  straight  and  open  for  three- 
fourths  of  a  mile,  and  we  had  fair  play  at  them  the  whole 
way  until  they  came  to  the  bridge ;  they  were  twice  on  the 
bridge,  but  were  beaten  back,  and  considering,  as  we  had 
to  judge  of  their  conduct,  that  they  would  buy  their  victory 
too  dear,  from  the  advantage  we  had  of  them,  they  gathered 
up  their  dead  and  wounded,  and  retreated  back  to  the 
point  where  they  first  landed.  They  were  annoyed  some- 
what by  the  Infantry  in  their  retreat,  but  we  remained  in 
our  stronghold.  They  lay  there  some  days,  I  forget  how 
long,  but  were  determined  not  to  abandon  their  diabolical 
purpose  of  burning  the  town.  They  returned  by  another 
road,  and  our  forces  being  very  much  weakened  by  some 
of  the  militia  having  gone  home,  and  the  regular  troops 
having  joined  Gen.  *  Washington  near  the  Hudson,  where 
he  lay  watching  the  movements  of  the  British  Army.  As 
they  approached  the  town  we  were  drawn  off,  being,  on 
account  of  our  weakness,  unable  to  defend  it,  and  thinking 
that  if  we  gave  them  no  resistance  the  town  would  fare  the 
better.  But  alas !  to  trust  to  British  generosity  was  vain 
indeed,  when  they  so  often  manifested  their  cruelty  and 
implacable  hatred  to  a  kindred  people  in  this  war.  When 
they  entered  the  town  they  burned  every  house  in  it,  except 
two  Tory  houses;  a  fine  meeting  house  preached  in  by  a 
Presbyterian  minister  by  the  name  of  Caldwell,  who  resided 
in  the  town,  and  who  left  his  wife  in  his  house,  thinking 


426          Autobiographical  Sketch,  Gen.  Burrows. 

she  would  be  a  protection  to  it ;  but  they  shot  her  through 
a  window,  with  a  child  in  her  arms ;  burned  the  house  and 
caught  and  killed  him.  Why  this  apathy  to  defend  this 
town  I  was  then,  and  am  still  at  a  loss  to  know,  when  it 
was  so  nobly  defended  at  first.  These  two  places — Con- 
necticut Farms  and  Springfield — were  congregations  of 
zealous  Whigs,  and  their  loyalty  to  their  country  had  en- 
tailed on  them  this  sad  calamity. 

After  I  had  resided  four  years  in  Trenton,  I  returned  to 
Pennsylvania.  My  father  had  removed  to  the  ferry,  and 
left  my  brother  (who  had  got  married)  on  the  farm  that  he 
had  left.  There  was  a  distillery  on  the  farm,  and  my 
brother  invited  me  to  join  him. 

My  two  brothers  that  were  taken  at  Fort  Washington — 
one  of  them  died  while  a  prisoner  in  New  York;  the  other 
was  exchanged,  went  to  the  South,  and  fell  with  DeKalb, 
and  the  other  one  sailed  with  Commodore  Nicholas  Biddle 
in  the  ship  Randolph,  which  was  blown  up  while  fighting 
the  British  at  sea,  and  every  soul  perished. 

My  brother  and  I  lived  on  in  this  place  one  year,  when 
my  father  sold  the  ferry  and  the  adjoining  farm,  and  the 
farm  we  lived  on,  to  Robert  Morris,  for  which  he  never  re- 
ceived a  cent,  except  fifty  pounds  for  the  boats  and  two 
years'  interest.  After  he  made  this  sale,  he  received  an 
appointment  in  the  Comptroller's  office,  at  the  adoption  of 
the  U.  S.  Constitution,  which  he  held  until  he  died,  in  Wash- 
ington City,  upwards  of  ninety  years  old;  and  though  he 
was  not  able  to  perform  the  duties  of  the  office  for  two  years 
before  he  died,  yet  they  continued  to  pay  him  his  salary.  I 
remember  to  have  heard  one  of  the  United  States  Officers 
say  that  they  were  bound  in  honor  to  support  him  as  long  as 
he  lived,  and  they  did  so.  My  brother  and  I  rented  a  large 
farm  and  merchant  mill  thereon,  belonging  to  his  father-in- 
law,  Samuel  Torbert,  and  I  shortly  afterward  married  my 
brother's  wife's  sister,  Jane  Torbet,  by  whom  I  have  had 
seven  children,  and  have  had  as  their  offspring,  forty-three 
grandchildren  and  three  great-grandchildren. 


Autobiographical  Sketch,  Gen.  Burrows.  427 

My  wife's  mother  had  died  some  time  before  I  married 
her,  and  left  eight  children.  Her  father  had  married  a 
second  wife,  by  whom  he  had  at  this  time  three  children ; 
she  was  a  widow  and  brought  three  with  her;  the  old  man 
had  taken  to  drink,  became  dissipated,  neglected  his  busi- 
ness, got  in  debt,  and  finally  all  his  property  was  sold  from 
him.  My  brother  and  I  purchased  one  hundred  and  twenty 
acres  of  the  prime  part  of  the  farm,  and  farmed  it  together 
for  one  year.  The  place  being  too  small  for  us  both,  we 
concluded  to  separate.  I  left  him  on  the  farm,  and  went 
near  to  Philadelphia  and  rented  a  finely  improved  farm,  or 
at  least  it  had  fine  buildings  on  it,  at  a  rent  of  nearly  two 
hundred  pounds  a  year,  including  taxes,  etc.  I  took  with 
me  a  fine  team  of  horses,  and  eleven  milch  cows.  I  was 
much  mistaken  in  my  opinion  of  this  farm,  I  had  rented 
it  in  the  winter  when  the  snow  was  on  the  ground.  In  the 
spring  when  the  snow  went  off  I  found  the  ground  worn 
and  very  poor.  I  had  taken  it  for  seven  years,  and  consid- 
ered myself  bound  by  my  bargain,  to  do  what  I  could  with 
it,  and  make  the  best  of  a  bad  bargain.  I  set  to  work  and 
hauled  on  to  it  fifteen  hundred  bushels  of  lirne,  ten  miles, 
and  three  hundred  five  horse  loads  of  dung  from  the  city, 
seven  miles.  This  extra  expense  I  was  not  prepared  to 
meet ;  it  sunk  me  considerably  in  debt ;  besides  my  rent 
laying  behind.  Everything  at  this  junction  seemed  to 
operate  against  me ;  the  market  for  produce,  within  three 
years,  had  sunk  one  hundred  per  cent.;  every  field  on  the 
farm  produced  no  other  pasture  than  garlic,  and,  of  course, 
the  butter  was  affected  with  it,  and  I  have  sold  my  butter 
in  hot  weather,  after  standing  in  the  market  until  the 
middle  of  the  day,  for  four  pence  per  pound,  and  glad 
to  get  it. 

At  the  end  of  three  years  I  found  that  I  had  sunk 
seven  hundred  pounds.  I  now  saw  clearly  that  it  would  be 
out  of  my  power  to  liquidate  my  debt  on  the  farm,  and 
accordingly  surrendered  it  to  my  landlord,  Geo.  Fox,  of 
Philadelphia.  I  had  gotten  considerably  in  debt  to  him 


428          Autobiographical  Sketch,  Gen.  Burrows. 

besides  the  rent,  by  his  assisting  me  to  improve  the  ground. 
Mr.  Fox's  brother,  Mr.  Samuel  Fox,  came  on  the  farm,  and 
they  agreed  to  take  my  stock  of  creatures  and  farming 
utensils,  which  extinguished  only  a  part  of  my  debt.  Samuel 
gave  me  two  hundred  dollars  to  stay  with  him  one  year,  to 
put  him  in  the  way  of  farming.  I  had  purchased  my 
brother's  share  of  the  farm  in  Bucks  that  belonged  between 
us.  My  wife's  aunt  had  a  lien  on  it  of  three  hundred 
pounds,  for  which  I  had  given  her  a  judgment  bond.  She 
had  gotten  alarmed  for  the  security  of  her  money,  and 
entered  up  her  judgment,  and  had  my  place  condemned 
before  I  was  aware  of  it,  until  Dr.  Tate,  a  cousin  of  my 
wife,  sent  his  negro  eighteen  miles  to  inform  me  of  it.  Hav- 
ing a  demand  against  her  I  got  the  judgment  opened,  and 
when  my  year  with  Mr.  Fox  was  ended  I  went  back  to 
Bucks  County,  and  sold  my  place  there  to  my  brother,  for 
six  pounds  per  acre ;  which  was  sold  a  few  years  after  for 
one  hundred  dollars  per  acre. 

I  remained  two  years  in  Bucks  without  any  prospect  of 
improving  my  pecuniary  circumstances,  and  a  debt  of  a 
thousand  dollars  to  pay  and  nothing  to  pay  it  with,  or  the 
means  of  extinguishing  it  or  any  part  of  it.  I  concluded 
to  go  to  work  at  my  trade,  this  being  the  only  means  left 
me  for  the  support  of  my  growing  and  helpless  family,  and 
being  invited  by  my  brother-in-law,  Hugh  McNair,  to  go  to 
Northampton  County,  I  moved  there  and  followed  my  trade 
for  two  years,  but  finding  the  blacksmith  trade  a  very  poor 
one  there,  I  sold  my  tools  and  started  with  my  wife  and  five 
children  (one  of  them  at  her  breast)  for  Muncy,  where  I  had 
some  relations  living,  and  arrived  there  on  the  17th  of  April, 
1794,  without  eight  dollars  in  money,  house  or  land.  I  was 
obliged  to  go  into  a  small  cabin  about  sixteen  feet  square, 
with  a  family  of  six  children,  and  besides  six  of  my  own 
family,  including  a  bound  boy. 

I  remained  in  the  cabin  until  the  15th  of  November,  when 
I  removed  on  eighteen  inches  of  snow,  to  a  place  belonging 
to  a  relative,  John  Hall.  I  was  told  before  I  left  North- 


Autobiographical  Sketch,  Gen.  Burrows.  429 

ampton  that  distilling  was  a  good  business  in  a  new  country. 
I  had  learned  distilling  at  my  father's,  and  brought  two  small 
stills  with  me.     The  snow  that  I  moved  on  to  Mr.  Hill's 
farm  soon  went  off,  and  the  weather  became  fine.      I  set  to 
work  and  dug  a  place  in  the  bank,  along-side  of  a  well,  put 
up  a  small  log  still-house,  and  covered  it  with  split  stuff  and 
dirt.     The  weather  continuing  until  New  Year's  day,  on 
that  day  I  started  my  stills,  and  the  next  day  winter  set  in 
fairly.     I  found  distilling  a  good  business.     I  purchased  rye 
for  five  shillings  a  bushel,  and  sold  my  whiskey  for  a  dollar 
a  gallon,  and  by  the  first  of  April  had  realized  fifty  pounds 
in  cash.     I  was    on    this  farm    two   years.     Before  I  left 
Northampton  I  made  a  conditional  contract  with  William 
Telfair,  of  South   Carolina,  for  fifty  acres  of  land  on  the 
river,  the  north  side  of  Muncy  Hill.     It  was  in  possession  of 
Samuel    Wallis,    pending   an    ejectment   in    the    Supreme 
Court.    I  gained  the  land,  took  possession  of  it,  and  erected 
a  large  still-house  thereon.     I  sold  my  stills,  went  to  Phila- 
delphia and  purchased  a  pair  of  large  stills  for  one  hundred 
pounds ;  borrowed  fifty  pounds  from  my  brother  to  pay  for 
them,  brought  them  home  and  set  them  up  in  the  house 
that  I  had  erected  for  them.     It  was  late  in  the  autumn 
before  I  got  ready  to  start,  and  the  winter  set  in  with 
intense  freezing,  without  the  ground  filling  with  water  (the 
only  instance  of  the  kind  I  ever  knew)  and  continued  cold 
and  dry  all  winter.     I  could  not  get  a  bushel  chopped  for 
distilling,  there  being  no  mill  in  the  neighborhood  but  Shoe- 
maker's, and  it  was  so  nearly  frozen  up  that  it  could  grind 
but  very  little  for  the  people,  for  bread.     Some  had  to  go  a 
great  distance  to  get  grinding,  and  the  water  that  I  depended 
on  to  supply  the  still-house  entirely  froze  up. 

I  had  run  in  debt  for  six  hundred  and  fifty  bushels  of  rye, 
at  six  shillings  and  six  pence  per  bushel,  and  provided  my- 
self with  twenty  head  of  horned  cattle  and  forty  hogs,  to 
be  fed  on  the  still  slop.  ISTot  having  this  article  that  I 
entirely  depended  on  to  winter  my  creatures,  I  boiled  and 
exhausted  my  whole  stock  of  rye.  The  country  being  new, 


430  Autobiographical  Sketch,  Gen.  Burrows. 

there  was  no  hay  to  be  got  at  any  price,  and  I  hauled  straw 
— some  of  it  ten  miles — and  used  every  means  in  my  power 
to  keep  my  creatures  alive.  Yet  in  the  spring  I  had  only 
just  half  of  my  cattle  alive,  and  nine  hogs,  and  was  obliged 
to  sell  my  still  to  pay  for  the  rye,  and  quit  distilling,  and 
before  harvest  arrived,  I  had  run  short  of  bread.  There 
was  no  grain  to  be  had  in  the  neighborhood.  I  went  in 
search  of  some ;  got  two  bushels  of  wheat  sixteen  miles  off, 
and  paid  two  dollars  a  bushel.  I  must  here  tell  of  a  great 
feat  I  once  performed,  of  speed  in  travelling. 

There  were  a  hundred  and  fifty  acres  of  land  adjoining 
the  little  farm  I  was  in  possession  of,  and  there  was  a  war- 
rant out  for  one  hundred  acres  of  it.  I  was  watching  to 
see  what  part  of  the  land  they  would  lay  their  warrant  on. 
As  I  knew  that  they  could  not  cover  all  the  land  with  that 
warrant,  I  was  determined,  if  I  could,  to  deprive  them  of 
the  balance,  and  I  believe  they  mistrusted  me  for  watching 
them,  and  took  advantage  of  my  absence  from  home  to  lay 
the  warrant,  and  despatched  a  man  on  Friday  with  a  appli- 
cation for  the  fifty  acres.  I  came  home  on  Sunday  noon, 
took  a  little  refreshment,  and  went  to  Sunbury  that  after- 
noon, thirty  miles;  got  my  application  signed  by  two 
iustices,  on  Monday  morning,  and  started  at  eight  o'clock 
and  was  in  Philadelphia  on  Tuesday  night,  one  hundred 
and  sixty  miles  from  Muncy ;  entered  my  application  the  next 
morning,  and  obtained  the  land.  The  other  man  came  to 
the  land  office  a  few  minutes  after  I  entered  my  application. 
I  performed  this  journey  on  foot,  to  save  expense,  and  be- 
lieving that  I  could  do  it  quicker  than  any  horse  I  had.  I 
continued  to  work  on  my  little  farm,  and  had  to  use  the 
strictest  economy  to  support  my  helpless  family. 

In  1795  Lycoming  was  taken  from  Northumberland,  and 
erected  into  a  separate  county,  and  in  the  winter  of  1796 
I  was  appointed  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  by  Grov.  McKean ; 
which  office  I  held  nine  years  (until  it  was  vacated  by  my 
being  elected  to  the  State  Senate),  and  was  the  only  Justice 
a  great  part  of  that  time,  where  there  are  now  ten  town- 


Autobiographical  Sketch,  Gen.  Burrows.  431 

ships,  and  more  than  ten  Justices ;  and  the  fees  of  my  office 
did  not  pay  for  my  salt.  There  never  was  a  certiorarri 
against  my  proceedings,  nor  an  appeal  from  my  judgment; 
nor  did  I  ever  issue  a  seire  facias  against  a  constable.  I  had 
the  good  fortune,  by  proper  management  with  the  people, 
to  put  litigation  under  my  feet;  until  other  Justices  were 
appointed,  when  it  was  encouraged  by  some  of  them. 

In  1802  I  was  elected  a  County  Commissioner,  and 
assisted  in  erecting  one  of  the  handsomest  court  houses  in 
the  State.  About  this  time  I  received  a  letter  from 
Dr.  Tate,  introducing  William  Hill  Wells  to  me — who  set- 
tled in  the  woods  where  Wellesborough  now  stands,  the 
county  seat  of  Tioga.  Mr.  Wells  applied  to  me  to  furnish 
him  with  provisions  in  his  new  settlement.  He  had  brought 
a  number  of  negroes  with  him,  from  the  State  of  Delaware, 
where  he  moved  from.  I  put  eighty-eight  hundred  weight 
of  pork  on  two  sleds,  and  started  to  go  to  him  with  it. 
It  was  fine  sledding,  but  dreadfully  cold  weather.  In  cross- 
ing the  Allegheny  Mountain  the  man  I  had  driving  one  of 
the  teams  froze  his  feet  up  to  his  ankles.  I  was  obliged  to 
leave  him,  and  the  next  morning  put  the  four  horses  to  one 
team,  and  started  for  Wells.  I  had  six  times  to  cross  Pine 
Creek.  A  man  coming  into  the  settlement  from  that  part 
of  the  country,  had  froze  to  death  the  day  before.  I  passed 
him,  lying  in  the  road.  The  second  crossing  of  the  creek 
was  about  fifty  yards  wide,  and  when  the  foremost  horses 
got  to  the  middle  of  the  creek  the  ice  broke  with  them. 
The  water  was  about  mid-side  deep,  and  in  their  attempting 
to  get  on  the  ice  again,  drew  the  other  horses  and  sled  into 
the  creek,  and  pulled  the  roller  out  of  the  sled.  I  got  the 
horses  ashore  and  tied  them ;  I  went  back  to  the  sled,  the 
water  running  over  the  pork.  I  had  to  go  partly  under  the 
water  to  get  an  axe  that  was  tied  on  to  the  sled,  to  cut  a 
road  through  the  ice,  to  get  the  sled  ashore.  Sometimes  in 
the  water  up  to  my  middle,  and  sometimes  standing  on  the 
ice,  the  water  following  the  stroke  of  the  axe,  would  fly  up, 
and  as  soon  as  it  touched  me  it  was  ice.  When  I  had  got 


432  Autobiographical  Sketch,  Gen.  Burrows. 

the  road  cut  to  the  shore,  I  went  to  the  sled,  and  I  got  a 
log  chain,  had  to  go  under  water  and  hook  first  to  one 
runner  and  then  the  other,  and  back  the  horses  in  through 
the  road,  and  pull  the  sled  out.  It  was  now  dark  and  I  had 
six  miles  to  go,  and  four  times  to  cross  the  creek,  without 
a  roller  in  my  sled  to  guide  it.  On  descending  ground  it 
would  often  run  out  of  the  road,  when  I  had  difficulty  to 
get  it  in  the  road  again — not  a  dry  thread  on  me,  and  the 
outside  of  my  clothes  frozen  stiff.  It  was  twelve  o'clock 
before  I  got  to  the  mill,  the  first  house  before  me,  and  there 
was  neither  hay  nor  stable  when  I  got  there.  I  thought  my 
poor  horses  would  freeze  to  death.  Next  morning,  as  soon 
as  daylight  appeared,  I  cut  a  stick  and  put  a  roller  to  my 
sled — the  very  wood  seemed  filled  with  ice. 

I  started  from  there  at  ten  o'clock;  had  fifteen  miles  to 
go  to  Wells — the  snow  two  feet  deep,  and  scarcely  a  track 
in  the  road.  I  met  Mr.  Wells'  negro  five  miles  this  side  of 
his  house,  coming  there  to  meet  me,  on  horseback,  about 
sunset.  He  said  there  was  a  byroad  that  was  about  a  mile 
nearer  than  the  one  I  was  on,  and  he  undertook  to  pilot 
me,  but  we  soon  lost  the  path,  and  wandered  about  among 
the  trees,  till  at  length  my  sled  pitched  into  a  hole  and 
overset.  I  then  unhooked  my  horses  from  the  sled,  and 
asked  the  negro  if  he  thought  he  could  pilot  me  to  the 
house,  but  he  acknowledged  himself  lost.  I  looked  about 
and  took  a  view  of  the  stars,  and  started  with  my  four 
horses,  and  left  my  pork  in  the  woods,  and  fortunately  got 
into  Wells',  and  when  I  got  there  he  had  neither  hay  nor 
stable  nor  any  kind  of  feed,  nor  any  place  to  confine  my 
horses,  but  to  tie  them  to  the  trees.  He  had  a  place  dug  in 
a  log  that  I  could  feed  two  of  my  horses  at  a  time.  All 
the  buildings  that  he  had  erected  were  two  small  cabins 
adjoining  each  other,  one  for  himself  and  family,  about  six- 
teen feet  square,  that  I  could  not  stand  straight  in,  built  of 
logs,  and  bark  for  the  upper  floor,  and  split  logs  for  the 
lower  floor.  The  negro  cabin  was  a  little  larger,  but  built 
of  the  same  materials.  I  sat  by  the  fire  until  morning,  and 


Autobiographical  Sketch,  Gen.  Burrows.  433 

it  took  me  all  that  day  to  get  my  pork  to  the  house,  and 
settle,  and  started  next  morning  for  home,  without  a  feed 
to  give  my  horses  there,  after  standing  there  two  nights, 
and  the  snow  to  their  bellies.  I  have  been  thus  particular 
in  detailing  the  circumstances  of  this  trip,  leaving  you  to 
judge  of  the  hardships  that  I  had  to  endure ;  but  it  is  only 
a  specimen  of  much  of  that  kind  that  I  have  had  to  en- 
counter through  life. 

I  was  at  this  time  living  in  Pennsborough ;  which  place 
when  I  came  to  this  part  of  the  country,  was  entirely  in  the 
woods.  There  was  barely  a  beginning  to  the  town  when  I 
moved  to  it,  some  years  after.  Stephen  Bell  had  put  up  a 
shell  of  a  house,  which  I  purchased,  and  two  lots  adjoining; 
which  house  I  finished  and  improved  with  other  buildings, 
handsomely  about  it.  I  went  on  to  purchase  by  little,  as  I 
was  able  and  could  get  it,  until  I  owned  and  cleared  the 
principal  part  of  the  land  in  and  about  the  town,  and  sold 
lots  for  the  improvement  of  it,  which  is  now  one  of  the 
handsomest  villages  on  the  West  Branch. 

On  the  28th  of  September,  1804,  my  wife  deceased,  and 
on  the  llth  of  June,  1807, 1  married  Mary  McCormick, 
widow  of  William  McCormick.  In  1808  I  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate  from  the  district  composed  of  the  counties 
of  Lycoming  and  Centre. 

At  the  expiration  of  my  time  in  the  Senate,  I  sold  the 
balance  of  my  land  in  Pennsborough  to  Geo.  Lewis,  of 
New  York,  for  four  thousand  dollars,  which  enabled  me 
with  the  assistance  I  got  by  my  last  wife,  to  make  the  first 
payment  for  five  hundred  and  seventy  acres  of  land,  on  the 
West  Branch  of  Susquehanna,  at  the  mouth  of  Loyalsock 
Creek.  It  was  an  Indian  reserve  and  part  of  the  tract  had 
been  cleared  by  the  Indians,  but  a  great  part  of  it  was  in  a 
state  of  nature,  and  was  in  woods  from  Loyalsock  Creek 
for  two  miles  on  the  road  leading  to  Muncy,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  two  small  patches,  but  is  now  handsomely  im- 
proved and  a  scattered  town,  nearly  that  distance  from 
the  creek. 

VOL.  xxxiv. — 28 


434          Autobiographical  Sketch,  Gen.  Burrows. 

I  purchased  this  tract  of  land  in  the  spring  of  1812,  but 
could  not  get  in  possession  of  it  until  1813.  Having  sold 
my  property  at  Pennsborough,  I  rented  Walton's  mills,  for 
one  year,  and  then  came  on  my  farm  at  Loyalsock. 

In  1811  Gov.  Snyder  sent  me  the  appointment  of  Major 
General,  of  the  ninth  division  of  Pennsylvania  militia,  for 
seven  years.  At  the  end  of  which  time  I  was  re-appointed 
for  four  years,  and  in  1813  the  same  Governor  sent  me  the 
appointment  of  Prothonotary  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas,  Register  of  Wills,  Recorder  of  Deeds  and  Clerk  of 
several  courts.  And  since  I  have  been  in  this  place  I  have 
been  three  times  nominated  as  a  candidate  for  Congress,  by 
regular  meetings  convened  for  the  purpose  of  making 
nominations,  twice  by  the  old  Democratic  party,  when  there 
were  only  two  parties,  known  and  distinguished  by  the 
Democratic  and  Federal  parties,  but  did  not  stand  a  poll; 
and  once  by  the  Anti-Masonic  party,  in  a  convention  of 
delegates  from  different  counties  in  the  district.  At  this 
time  I  agreed  to  stand  candidate,  as  a  rallying  point  for  the 
party,  though  well  convinced  that  I  had  no  chance  of  success, 
for  I  well  knew  the  Masonic  party  was  all  powerful  in  the 
district.  I  kept  the  office  of  Prothonotary,  etc.,  about  four 
years,  and  then  resigned  them  and  returned  back  to  my  farm. 

After  I  purchased  this  farm  I  was  only  able  to  make  the 
first  payment,  and  the  balance  of  the  purchase  money  being 
a  heavy  debt,  I  was  fearful  of  the  consequences,  and  sold 
one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  it,  for  twenty-five  dollars 
per  acre,  which  I  had  cause  afterwards  to  repent  of,  for  I 
had  to  buy  it  back  again  in  less  than  two  years,  for  fifty-five 
dollars,  and  some  of  it  at  a  hundred  dollars  per  acre,  or  let 
it  go  into  other  hands,  which  I  was  not  willing  to  do. 
Thus,  this  sale  instead  of  relieving  me  in  my  embarrass- 
ment, increased  it,  but  it  is  all  paid  though  I  have  met  with 
many  losses,  but  my  farm  being  a  very  productive  one,  I 
have  been  able,  with  good  management  and  hard  labor,  to 
sustain  myself  aerainst  them  all.  I  have  sold  in  the  Balti- 

«/  o 

more  Market  one  year's  surplus  produce  of  my  farm  for 


Autobiographical  Sketch,  Gen.  Burrows.  435 

four  thousand  dollars,  wanting  five  dollars,  and  besides  feed, 
seed,  grain,  meat  and  bread.  And  the  produce  of  it  has  en- 
abled me  to  build  a  good  merchant  mill,  fifty  by  sixty,  with 
five  run  of  stones,  which  cost  me,  race,  dams  and  all,  rising 
ten  thousand  dollars,  and  the  losses  I  have  met  with  are  not 
far  short  of  that  sum. 

Now  here  let  me  give  you  a  history  of  another  trip  that 
I  had  in  the  wilderness,  that  I  travelled  to  Mr.  Wells'  and 
in  which  I  suffered  more,  much  more,  than  I  did  in  going 
to  Wells.  I  contracted  with  the  commissioners  of  the  east 
and  west  road,  to  deliver  them  a  hundred  barrels  of  flour, 
in  Potter  County.  I  started  with  seven  sleds,  carrying  fifty 
barrels  of  it.  After  I  got  into  the  wilderness  it  was  forty 
miles  between  houses,  and  the  snow  very  deep.  There  was 
a  cabin  half  way  which  we  expected  to  lodge  at.  We  got 
to  the  place  a  little  after  dark,  when  we  found  the  cabin 
burned  down.  This  was  the  night  previous  to  the  "  cold 
Thursday" — termed  so  by  everybody  at  that  time.  The 
horses  being  very  warm,  and  dreadful  cold  when  we  stop- 
ped, and  the  snow  drifting  upon  them,  almost  covering  them 
up,  they  began  to  tremble  amazingly.  I  felt  alarmed  for 
the  horses.  We  had  a  number  of  blankets  along,  expecting 
to  lay  out.  We  mustered  them  all  up,  brushed  the  snow 
off  the  horses  as  well  as  we  could,  and  tied  blankets  all  on 
them.  We  then  went  to  work  to  try  and  get  a  fire.  Our 
fire-works  were  not  good,  and  it  was  towards  the  middle  of 
the  night  when  we  got  a  fire,  and  then  a  very  poor  one. 
We  danced  around  it  until  the  daystar  appeared.  We  then 
hooked  up,  and  there  were  very  few  of  the  horses  that  would 
stretch  a  chain,  until  we  beat  them  severely  to  get  them 
warm.  We  had  three  miles  of  a  hill  to  ascend.  After  I 
got  the  hindmost  team  to  the  top  of  the  hill  I  got  a  severe 
hurt  that  disabled  me.  I  was  not  able  to  walk  a  step ;  was 
obliged  to  sit  on  the  top  of  a  barrel,  suffering  the  most  ex- 
cruciating pain,  until  sundown  before  we  got  to  the  first 
house,  when  it  was  feared  that  some  of  those  driving  the 
teams  would  freeze  to  death. 


436          Autobiographical  Sketch,  Gen.  Burrows. 

Such  has  been  my  toil  and  unceasing  labor,  ever  since  I 
have  had  a  family  to  raise,  and  educate  my  children,  and 
place  them  in  a  situation  that  they  would  not  be  dependent. 
I  have  brought  them  all  up  in  industry,  and  am  happy  to 
have  it  in  my  power  to  say,  they  follow  my  example. 

I  have  not  only  built  a  mill,  but  have  built  several  dwell- 
ing houses,  barns  and  other  necessary  outhouses,  on  the 
farm,  and  improved  it  well.  There  was  scarcely  a  good 
panel  of  fence  on  it  when  I  came. 

I  am  now  seventy-seven  years  old,  and  receive  a  pension 
semi-annually,  for  my  revolutionary  services,  under  the  Act 
of  Congress  of  1822,  $173.33,  and  must,  according  to  the 
course  of  nature,  shortly  leave  what  I  have,  whether  it  be 
little  or  much  of  this  world's  goods,  to  my  children,  who 
have  the  natural  right  to  it,  hoping  that  they  will  always 
keep  in  mind  that  "  God  giveth  and  he  taketh  away,"  and 
that  they  will  so  act  as  to  merit  and  receive  his  blessing, 
without  which  there  is  no  real  comfort  or  enjoyment  in  this 
world,  nor  can  we  expect  it  in  that  which  is  to  come. 

And  now,  my  sons,  having  complied  with  the  request  of 
my  children,  in  giving  some  of  the  events  and  transactions 
of  my  life,  without  going  into  minute  detail,  which  would 
be  a  very  laborious  task  (besides  my  life  has  been  a  very 
chequered  one;  and  I  could  not  relate  from  memory  one 
half  of  the  incidents  of  it,  and  have  only  related  some  facts 
that  will  never  be  effaced  from  my  memory  while  my  senses 
last) ;  that  when  the  grave  closes  on  me  you  will  not  neg- 
lect to  support  the  principles  that  your  father  so  often  vent- 
ured his  life  to  establish,  and  so  many  of  your  uncles  lost 
their  lives  in  support  of,  principles  that  gave  your  country 
birth,  a  free  and  independent  nation  that  secures  to  you  and 
your  children  life,  liberty  and  property,  and  the  equal  rights 
of  your  fellow  men  (not  that  I  have  any  doubt  you  will  do 
so),  but  1  wish  to  leave  it  as  an  injunction  on  you,  and  on 
my  grandsons,  and  if  I  could,  on  the  world  of  mankind  in 
general.  And  although  these  principles  have  been  disre- 
garded and  violated  by  corrupt  and  unholy  men,  yet  I 


Autobiographical  Sketch,  Gen.  Burrows. 

trust  that  there  is  a  redeeming  spirit  abroad  in  the  land ; 
that  the  people  will  return  to  their  first  love,  and  check  the 
career  of  designing  demagogues  (who  like  wolves  in  sheep's 
clothing,  have  assumed  to  themselves  the  name  of  Demo- 
crats) and  revive  those  principles  before  they  become 
extinct. 

To  conclude,  let  me  again  urge  it  upon  you  (as  a  father's 
advice)  always  to  support  with  your  voice,  votes  and  influ- 
ence, the  equal  rights  of  your  fellow  men.  These  are  the 
principles  that  carried  us  triumphantly  through  a  bloody 
war  against  one  of  the  most  powerful  monarchies  on  earth ; 
principles  that  the  sages  of  the  Revolution  pledged  "  their 
lives,  their  fortunes  and  their  sacred  honors"  to  support. 
And  set  your  faces  against  any  and  every  measure  hostile 
to  those  principles,  particularly  against  secret  societies,  the 
very  nature  of  which  is  at  war  with  the  fundamental  princi- 
ples of  our  Government,  and  if  carried  out,  must  inevitably 
destroy  it.  It  is  true  that  I  have  had  a  double  share  of  po- 
litical persecution,  in  vindication  of  them,  but  that  detracts 
nothing  from  the  righteousness  of  the  cause,  and  the  obli- 
gations we  are  under  to  our  country,  to  support  them. 

You  will  perceive  from  my  narrative  that  although  I 
have  in  early  life  been  nipped  with  the  frost  of  adversity 
and  poverty,  that  it  has  rather  operated  as  a  stimulant  than 
a  damper  to  my  industry.  Whenever  a  man  becomes  des- 
titute of  a  laudable  ambition  to  pursue  some  useful  business, 
he  becomes  a  drone,  and  a  dead  weight  upon  the  Common- 
wealth; he  is  neither  useful  to  himself,  to  society,  nor  to 
his  country. 


438         General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 


ORDERLY    BOOK    OF   GEN.    JOHN   PETER   GABRIEL 
MUHLENBERG,  MARCH  26-DECEMBER  20,  1777. 

(Continued  from  page  360.) 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Aug*  21st  1777. 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow      .     .     Green 

Brigadier Woodford 

Field    Officers  Col°  Broadhead  L*   Col. 

Toliver 
Brigade  Major        Day 

The  whole  Army  is  to  March  Tomorrow  morning  the 
Gen1  is  to  beat  at  half  after  three,  the  Troop  at  half  past 
four  and  at  5  o'clock  the  Army  is  to  begin  their  march. 
The  Major  Gen1,  Dr.  M.  G.  &  Commiss7  Gen1  will  receive 
their  Orders  at  Head  Quarters  at  5  o'clock  this  afternoon. 

An  Orderly  Man  from  each  Keg*  of  Horse  to  attend  the 
same  time  for  orders.  Gen1  Lincoln's  Division  to  relieve 
the  Cattle  Guard,  this  afternoon  as  soon  as  Possible. 

D.  0.  Everything  in  the  Division  to  be  got  in  readiness 
to  March  early  tomorrow  Morning  agreable  to  the  .... 

G.  0.  of  the  Day.  .  .  .  the  Command8  Officers  of  Regts 
are  desired  to  see  that  their  Regts  are  properly  furnished 
with  Baggage  Waggons  and  those  Waggons  well  provided 
with  Horses.  The  Commandg  Officers  of  the  Artillery  of 
each  Brigade  will  take  Care  that  their  piece  and  Ammuni- 
tion Waggons  are  well  provided.  Those  Reg*8  that  have 
Sick  incapable  of  Marching  must  apply  to  Col°  O'Beal  D. 
Q.  M.  G.  for  Waggons  to  transport  them  and  such  as  ought 
to  be  sent  to  the  Hospital,  to  be  by  the  Surgeons  of  the 
Regts  immediately  reported  to  the  Director  of  the  Flying 
Hospital. 


General  Mukleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        439 

It  is  expected  after  this  Notice  everything  will  be  in  Readi- 
ness to  march  without  Confusion  or  delay.  The  Gen1 
observes  with  Concern  many  Sentries  sitting  on  their  Post, 
a  practice  no  less  dangerous  than  disgraceful  and  consider- 
ing the  Severity  of  Punishment  inflicted  on  those  found 
sleeping  on  their  Post,  it  cannot  be  too  carefully  guarded 
against,  more  especially  as  it  is  a  Want  of  Discipline, 
nothing  can  give  a  more  evident  mark  of  the  want  of 
it  than  this. 

SIR. 

It  is  his  Excell78  Orders  that  the  Waggons  in  each  Divi- 
sion be  equally  distributed  to  the  Regim*8  agreeable  to  the 
following  Proportion.  Viz*  One  Waggon  for  the  Field 
Officers,  One  for  the  Staff  Officers,  One  for  every  Hundred 
Men  and  5  Spare  Waggons  that  are  to  follow  each  Brigade 
to  take  up  the  Sick  that  may  fall  behind  &  if  ordered  by 
the  Major  Gen1  of  the  Division  to  take  in  the  Packs  of  the 
Soldiers  You  will  therefore  have  the  Teams  regulated  imme- 
diately by  the  above  Proportion  and  return  to  me  the  Num- 
ber that  remain  which  are  to  be  kept  for  the  Extra  calls  of 
the  Army. 

J.  MIFFLIN 

D.  Q.  M.  G. 

To  L*.  COL°  THORNBURQH 

1st  D.  W.  M.  G. 

1st  Yirga  Reg*  3  &  1  for  Staft 
5      D°      D°     4  &  1  for  Staft 
9      D°      D°     6 
German  5 

After  Orders.  Aug  218t  1777 

The  Army  is  to  remain  in  its  Present  Encampment  till 
further  Orders. 

TIMOTHY  PICKERING  A.  G. 


440        General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  August  22d  1777 

Parole  Gloster      .     C.  S.  Gravesend  Gosport 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow      .     Stephens 
Brigadr        Weedon 

Field  Officers     .     L*  Col  Frazier  Major 

Cropper 
Brig9  Major Peers 

The  Brigade"  and  Officers  Commanding  Brigades  are  to 
assemble  tomorrow  morning  at  9  o'clock  at  the  Tavern  at 
the  Cross  Roads,  to  Consider  of  the  Report  made  to  them 
relative  to  the  pieces  of  Liquor  sold  by  the  Sutlers  and  to 
give  their  opinion  upon  the  matter  to  the  Commander  in 
Chief,  pursuant  to  G.  0.  of  the  10th  Ins*. 

A  Gen1  Court  Martial  is  to  set  tomorrow  morning  at  9 
o'clock  precisely  at  the  Meeting  House  not  far  from  the 
Cross  Roads  for  the  Tryal  of  all  the  Prisoners  of  the  Horse 
which  shall  be  brought  before  them.  L*  Col.  White  of  Col* 
Moilands  Reg*  is  appointed  President  of  this  Court. 

The  Commander  in  .Chief  approves  the  following  sen- 
tences of  a  Gen1  Court  Martial  held  the  19th  20th  and  21st 
Ins*  whereof  Col.  McClenachan  was  president,  Cap*  Crump 
of  the  1s*  Yirga  Reg*  charg'd  wth  wantonly  ordering  L* 
Smith  under  an  arrest,  when  he  knew  he  was  executing  the 
Gen1  Orders  for  which  he  was  acquitted  by  a  Gen1  Court 
Martial,  and  for  afterwards  attempting  to  Vindicate  his  Con- 
duct by  giving  in  false  evidence  to  the  Court,  declaring  he 
did  not  know  he  was  acting  as  Brig6  Major  to  Gen1  Muhlen- 
burgh  at  that  time  acquitted.  Hugh  Cully  of  the  12th 
Pennsy1  Reg*  charg'd  with  letting  a  certain  prisoner  make 
his  escape  by  the  name  of  John  Riphart  confin'd  by  order 
of  his  Excell7  the  Commr  in  Chief  acquitted.  Jas  McDavill 
charg'd  with  desertion  from  the  6th  Pennsylv  Reg*  pleaded 
guilty  and  sentenc'd  to  receive  60  Lashes  on  his  bare  back. 

L*  Thomas  Wishart  of  the  15th  Yirga  Reg*  charg'd  with 
neglect  of  Duty  and  Disobedience  of  Orders,  found  guilty 
of  the  charges  against  him  in  neglecting  to  make  in  a  Morn- 


General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        441 

ing  Eeport  to  the  Col.  of  the  Reg*  he  belongs  to  Conform- 
able to  a  Regimental  Order,  but  it  appears  to  have  proceeded 
from  a  want  of  knowledge  of  the  Order  and  from  no  inten- 
tion neglect  or  disobedience,  the  Court  Sentence'd  him  to 
be  privately  reprimanded  by  the  Colonel.  Brigade  Major 
Swaine  charg'd  with  repeated  neglect  of  Duty  and  particu- 
larly in  not  attending  for  orders  the  17th  Ins*  in  proper  Time, 
by  which  means  his  Excell7'8  intentions  who  had,  ordered 
Straw  and  Rum  to  be  furnish'd  the  Men,  were  intirely  frus- 
trated and  the  Soldiery  particular  the  Sick  were  left  exposed 
to  the  inclemency  of  the  Weather,  in  a  much  greater  degree 
for  the  want  of  those  Necessaries,  found  guilty  of  repeated 
neglect  of  Duty  and  not  Guilty  of  the  remaining  part  of 
the  Charge  sentenc'd  to  be  reprimanded  in  G.  0. 

The  Commander  in  Chief  regrets  that  he  is  so  frequently 
oblig'd  to  Censure  Officers  in  G.  0.  for  neglect  of  Duty 
and  other  offences  and  wishes  earnestly  that  by  an  Atten- 
tive and  punctual  discharge  of  their  Duty,  they  would  save 
him  from  a  Task  so  disagreeable  and  painful.  Officers 
should  in  their  own  conduct  set  examples  before  the  Men 
of  diligence  and  an  exact  Compliance  of  every  Order,  delays 
are  always  dangerous,  and  in  the  Military  Service  are  always 
attended  with  the  most  fatal  consequences  especially  must 
they  be  so  in  Officers  on  whom  the  distribution  of  G.  0. 
depends,  the  General  at  the  same  time  thanks  those  Officers 
whose  regard  for  the  good  of  the  Service  leads  them  to 
bring  Delinquents  to  Justice  and  assures  them  that  such  a 
Conduct  will  ever  meet  with  his  warm  approbation,  and 
adds  positively  that  for  future  remissness  in  Brige  Majors  in 
any  part  of  their  Duty,  he  will  certainly  suspend  them  till 
the  pleasure  of  Congress  be  known  concerning  them,  as 
there  is  no  possibility  of  Conducting  the  affairs  of  the  Army 
without  the  greatest  punctuality  in  the  performance  of  the 
Duties  of  their  Departments. 

George  Bignell  of  the  10th  Yirga  Reg*  charged  with  De- 
sertion, no  Witnesses  appearing  against  him,  the  Court 
ordered  him  to  be  releas'd  from  confinement  for  the  present. 


442         General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

Adam  Cloyse  of  the  6th  Yirga  Reg*  charged  with  deser- 
tion, no  witnesses  appearing  against  him,  the  Court  ordered 
him  to  be  sent  to  his  Company. 

John  Brumbo  of  the  10th  Yirga  Reg*  charged  with  sleep- 
ing on  his  post  when  on  Gentry  over  Prisoners  pleaded 
guilty  and  Sentenced  to  receive  20  lashes  on  his  bare  back. 
James  Burn  of  Col.  Stewarts  Reg*  charged  with  desertion, 
ordered  by  the  Court  to  be  sent  to  his  Reg*. 

As  the  Congress  have  and  I  am  persuaded  never  intend 
to  give  a  Rank  to  any  of  the  Waggon  Masters  of  this  army, 
except  the  W.  M.  G.  they  are  order'd  never  to  assume  the 
Titles  of  Majors,  Capt8  &c,  but  to  be  distinguished  by  Divi- 
sion or  Brigade  Waggon  Masters,  as  the  case  may  happen 
to  be.  Waggon  Masters  are  useful  in  every  Army  and  will 
be  supported  in  all  their  just  priviledges,  but  the  way  for 
them  to  gain  respect  is  by  a  diligent  and  faithful  discharge 
of  their  respective  Duties,  without  favour  or  affection  to  any 
one,  this  order  is  to  extend  to  persons  in  every  other  depart- 
ment who  have  not  Rank  given  them  by  their  Commis- 
Bioners  or  appointments  under  Congress.  (All  detach'd 
parties  to  have  notice)  the  army  is  to  march  to-morrow 
morning  if  it  should  not  rain  precisely  in  the  time  and 
manner  directed  in  the  Orders  of  Yesterday. 

The  two  Divisions  which  go  to  Correls  FeVry  will  march 
in  this  order.  Gen1  Greens  first  then  Gen1  Stephens  and 
then  the  Baggage  of  both  Divisions  in  the  same  order  as  the 
Divisions  March.  Gen1  Green  will  order  an  advance  Guard 
from  his  Division  and  Gen1  Stephens  a  Rear  Guard  from 
his  Division  each  Guard  to  be  under  the  Command  of  a 
Field  Officer. 

The  Officer  Commanding  the  Rear  Guard  will  detach  a 
Sub.  and  30  men  to  follow  in  the  rear  of  the  Baggage  to 
pick  up  all  Straglers  who  escape  the  Rear  Guard,  and  to 
see  that  the  lame  and  sick  are  not  neglected  but  properly 
disposed  of  among  the  Waggons. 

The  Commander  in  chief  has  the  Happiness  to  inform 
the  Army  of  a  Signal  Yictory  obtain'd  at  the  Northward,  a 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        443 

part  of  Gen1  Burgoines  Army  about  1500  in  number  were 
detach'd  towards  New  Hampshire  and  advancing  with  a 
design  to  possess  themselves  of  Bennington  Brigr  Gen1 
Starke  of  the  State  of  New  Hampshire  with  about  2000  men 
mostly  militia  attacked  them  our  Troops  behav'd  in  a  very 
brave  and  Heroic  manner,  they  push'd  the  enemy  from  one 
work  to  another,  thrown  up  on  advantageous  Ground  and 
from  different  posts,  with  spirit  and  Fortitude  untill  they 
gained  a  Compleat  Victory  over  them.  The  following  is  a 
List  of  Prisoners  KilPd  and  wounded  Viz*  1  L*  Col.  1  Major, 
5  Captains  12  Lieuts,  4  Ensigns,  2  Cornets,  1  Judge  Advo 
cate,  1  Baron,  2  Canadian  Officers,  3  Surgeons,  37  British 
Soldiers,  398  Hessians,  38  Canadians,  and  151  Tories  taken 
Prisoners,  the  number  of  wounded  fallen  into  our  Hands 
exclusive  of  the  above  are  about  80,  the  number  of  the 
Enemy  who  were  Slain  had  not  been  ascertain'd,  but  it  is 
supposed  to  be  about  200.  Their  Artillery  Consisting  of  4 
Brass  Field  pieces  with  a  considerable  Quantity  of  Baggage 
likewise  fell  into  our  Hands,  our  Loss  consists  of  about  20 
or  30  kill'd  and  perhaps  50  wounded. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  AT  SANTOWN 

NEAR  GERMANTOWN,  Aug*  23d  1777 

Parole  C.  Sign 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow        Ld  Sterling 

Brigadier Scott 

Field  Officers  Col.  Grayson  L*  Col.  Gurny 
Brig6  Major Johnson 

No  officer  or  Soldier  is  to  leave  the  Encampment,  this 
evening  without  leave  in  Writing  from  the  Major  or  Brig' 
Gen1  under  whom  he  acts  and  they  are  desired  not  to  give 
such  leave  unless  there  be  apparent  Cause  for  it.  The  Army 
is  to  move  precisely  at  4  o'clock  in  the  morning  if  it  should 
not  rain,  the  Division  Commanded  by  Gen1  Wayne  is  to 
take  its  proper  place  in  the  Line,  Viz.  between  L*  Sterling 


444        General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

and  Gen1  Stephen's  Divisions,  and  it  is  strongly  and  earn- 
estly ensisted  upon  the  Commang  Officers  of  Regiment*  to 
make  all  their  men  who  are  able  to  bear  Arms  except  the 
necessary  Guards  to  march  in  their  Ranks,  for  it  is  so  great 
reflection  upon  all  order  and  Discipline  to  see  such  numbers 
of  Strollers  (for  they  cannot  be  call'd  Guards)  with  the 
"Waggons  that  it  is  really  shocking.  The  army  is  to  march 
in  one  Column  through  the  City  of  Philadelphia  going  in 
and  Marching  down  Front  Street  to  Chestnut  Street  and  up 
Chestnut  Street  to  the  Common,  a  Small  Halt  is  to  be  made 
about  a  Mile  this  side  the  City  till  the  Rear  Closes  up  and 
the  Line  is  in  proper  order. 

The  Divisions  marches  as  follows — Greenes,  Stephen's, 
Lincoln  and  Lord  Sterlings,  the  Horse  to  be  Divided  upon 
the  Two  Wings.  Elands  and  Blaylors  Reg*8  upon  the  Right, 
Sheldon's  and  Moilands  upon  the  left.  The  following 
Order  of  March  is  to  be  observed  First  one  Sub.  and  12 
light  Horse,  200  Guards,  in  their  Rear  a  Compleat  Troop. 
Two  Hundred  yards  in  the  Rear  of  the  Troop,  the  Residue 
of  Blands  and  Baylor's  Regt8  One  Hundd  Yards  in  Rear  of 
these  a  Company  of  Pioneers  with  their  axes  &c  in  proper 
order.  One  Hundred  Yards  in  the  Rear  of  the  Pioneers  a 
Reg*  from  Muhlenbergs  Brigade,  and  close  in  the  Rear  of 
that  Reg*  all  Muhlenberg's  Field  Artillery.  Then  his 
Brigade  followed  by  Weedons,  Woodfords  and  Scotts  in 
order  with  all  their  field  Artillery  in  their  respective  Fronts. 

Park  of  Artillery  and  the  Artificers  belonging  thereto 
in  the  Center  Lincoln  and  Lord  Sterlings  Divisions  follow- 
ing with  all  their  Brig*  Artillery  in  the  rear  of  their  respec- 
tive Brigades,  a  Reg*  from  Lord  Sterlings  Brigade  for  a 
Rear  Guard,  and  to  be  One  Hundred  and  fifty  yards  from 
Maxwell's  Brigade,  Sheldon's  and  Moilands  Light  Horse 
one  Hundred  and  50  Yards  in  the  Rear  of  this  Reg*  and 
one  Troop  one  Hundred  and  fifty  Yards  in  the  Rear  of  the 
Reg*  of  Horse.  The  whole  is  to  march  by  Subdivisions  at 
half  distance,  the  Ranks  six  paces  asunder,  which  is  to 
be  exactly  observed  in  passing  through  the  City  &  great 


General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        445 

attention  given  by  the  Officers  to  see  the  Men  carry  their 
Arms  well  and  are  made  to  appear  as  decent  as  Circum- 
stances will  admit,  it  is  expected  that  every  Officer,  without 
exception  will  keep  in  his  Post  in  passing  through  the  City 
and  under  no  pretence  whatever  leave  it,  and  if  any  soldier 
shall  dare  quit  his  Ranks  he  shall  receive  39  Lashes  at  the 
first  Halting  place  afterwards.  The  officers  will  be  particu- 
larly careful  to  prevent  this,  not  only  in  their  own  Divisions 
but  in  others  also  if  they  should  an  attempt  of  the  kind  they 
are  also  to  prevent  the  people  from  pressing  on  the  Troops. 
There  is  to  be  no  greater  Space  between  the  Divisions 
Brigades  and  Regts  than  is  taken  up  by  the  Artillery  and  is 
just  sufficient  to  Distinguish  them,  and  that  the  Line  of 
March  through  the  City  may  be  as  little  incumber'd  as  pos- 
sible, only  one  Ammunition  Waggon  is  to  attend  the  Field 
Pieces  of  each  Brigade,  and  very  few  the  artillery  Park,  all 
the  rest  of  the  Waggons,  Baggage  and  Spare  Horses  are  to 
file  off  to  the  Right,  avoid  the  City  entirely  and  move  on  to 
the  Bridge  to  the  Middle  Ferry  and  there  Halt,  but  not  so 
to  impede  the  March  of  the  Troops  by  preventing  their 
passing  them,  not  a  Woman  belonging  to  the  Army  is  to 
be  seen  with  the  Troops  on  their  March  through  the  City. 
The  Waggon  M.  G.  and  all  his  assistants  together  with  the 
Division,  Brigade  and  Reg*1  Quarter  Masters  are  to  attend 
the  Waggons  and  assist  the  Field  Officers  appointed  to  that 
Duty  in  preventing  any  Men  who  are  allotted  to  attend  the 
Waggons  from  slipping  into  the  City — as  the  Baggage  will 
be  but  a  little  while  separated  from  the  Column,  a  very  few 
Men  will  be  sufficient  to  guard  it  and  the  Gen1  wishes  to 
have  as  many  of  them  as  are  able  appear  in  the  Rank  in 
the  Line  of  March. 

The  Baggage  and  Spare  Artillery  Waggons  of  each 
Brigade  together  with  the  Waggons  of  the  Artillery  Park 
are  to  move  in  the  same  order  as  the  Brigades  &c  do  in 
the  Line  that  they  may  the  more  easily  unite  again  when 
we  have  pass'd  the  City  The  Soldiers  will  go  early  to  rest 
this  Evening  as  the  Gen1  expects  that  the  whole  Line  will 


446        General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

be  on  their  March  at  the  Hour  appointed,  that  this  may  be 
the  Case,  each  Brig'  is  to  appoint  Patroles  to  take  up  all 
Straglers  from  the  Camp  and  all  others  who  do  not  obey 
this  Order.  The  Director  of  the  Hospital  will  order  where 
the  Sick  are  to  be  sent. 

The  Drums  and  Fifes  of  each  Brigade  are  to  be  Collected 
in  the  Center  of  it,  and  a  Tune  for  the  Quick  Step  play'd, 
but  with  such  Moderation  that  the  men  may  step  to  it  with 
ease  without  Dancing  along  or  totally  disregarding  the 
Musick  which  has  been  BO  often  the  Case.  The  men  are 
to  be  excused  from  carrying  their  Camp  Kettles  tomorrow. 

D.  0.  August  24  1777 

The  Division  to  be  in  readiness  to  move  precisely  at  4 
o'clock  tomorrow  Morning.  The  Gen1  expects  the  D.  Q. 
M.  G.  will  see  the  Waggons  provided  with  Horses  and  that 
every  Thing  in  the  Department  be  in  Readiness. 

N.  GREEN  M.  G. 

B.  0.  Aug*  25th  1777 

The  Brigade  is  to  March  tomorrow  Morning  precisely  at 
5  o'clock,  the  Gen1  to  beat  at  4.  Those  Regts  who  are  not 
provided  with  provisions  must  draw  and  Cook  this  afternoon. 

P.  M.,  Br  Gen1 

B.  0.  August  26th  1777 

The  Commanding  Officers  of  Reg*'  belonging  to  the 
Brigade  are  to  have  Returns  made  out  Immediately  of  the 
Number  of  Cartridges  wanting  to  Compleat  their  Men  and 
send  them  into  Gen1  Muhlenberg  who  will  give  them  an 
Order  on  Cap*  Bowman  of  the  Artillery  for  the  Number 
wanting.  The  men  are  to  put  their  Arms  in  the  best  order 
possible  fit  for  action.  A  Fatigue  party  of  Twenty  men  to 
turn  out  immediately  to  get  wood  for  the  Brigade.  The 
Br  Qr  Master  to  give  Directions  where  to  Cut  it. 

P.  MUHLENBERG  B.  G. 


General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777.        447 

B.  0.  August  26th  1777 

The  Gentln  Officers  Commanding  Companies  will  agree- 
able to  B.  O.  immediately  have  their  Arms  exam'd  and  put 
in  the  best  Order  possible,  those  that  are  out  of  repair  so 
much  that  they  Cannot  be  depended  on  to  go  into  action 
with  must  be  Collected  and  sent  by  a  Trusty  Sergeant  to 
the  nearest  Blacksmith  to  be  immediately  repaired.  The 
officers  will  attend  and  see  that  the  Cartridges  and  Flints 

are  properly  distributed. 

ROBT  BALLARD  M.  Comm* 


G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  WILMINGTON  Aug1  26  1777 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow       .     Stephens 
Brigadr  ...         ....      Weedon 

Field  Officers  Col.  Hartley,  L*  Col.  Ross 
Brig6  Major Peers 

The  Officers  Commanding  Corps  are  to  see  that  their 
Mens  arms  are  immediately  clean'd  and  put  in  the  best 
order  possible,  that  the  Ammunition  likewise  be  carefully 
inspected  and  the  proper  number  of  Rounds  for  each  Man 
Compleated,  that  the  Bayonets  fix  well,  that  the  Flints  be 
screw'd  in  fast  and  every  thing  be  put  in  perfect  readiness 
for  action. 

The  Troops  are  without  fail  Continually  to  have  one  Days 
provision  of  Meat  on  hand  ready  Cook'd  and  Two  days 
rations  of  Bread  should  any  complaint  by  the  Soldiers  be 
made  for  want  of  such  provisions,  the  Commanding  Officers 
of  Corps  must  be  Answerable  for  it,  unless  it  should  appear 
that  the  provisions  were  not  to  be  had  at  the  Commissary's 
and  in  such  Case  the  Deficient  Commissary  shall  be  account- 
able. 

Complaint  has  been  made  that  some  Regt"  have  lately 
been  without  provisions,  owing  to  the  Negligence  of  their 
Commissaries,  such  Conduct  is  insufierable  and  must  be 
attended  with  the  worst  Consequences. 


448        General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

The  Commander  in  Chief  is  determined  to  make  an 
example  of  the  first  Commissary  who  shall  be  guilty  of  the 
like  Negligence.  The  Commr  in  Chief  likewise  insists  that 
the  Commissaries  shall  supply  the  Troops  with  hard  Bread, 
the  present  most  Common  Mode  of  Supply  hy  issuing  Flour 
which  they  made  into  had  Bread,  not  only  injures  their 
health  but  is  attended  with  delays  sufficient  to  frustrate  the 
most  important  and  well  formed  enterprize.  As  the  means 
are  now  in  their  power  the  Commr  in  Chief  can  admit  no 
excuse  for  their  not  supplying  with  good  Bread. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  WILMINGTON  Aug*  27th  1777 

A  Gill  of  Rum  or  other  Spirits  is  to  be  issued  immedi- 
ately to  each  non  Commissioned  Officer,  Soldier  and  Wag- 
goner 

TIM   PICKERING  A.  G. 


HEAD  QUARTERS  WILMINGTON  Aug*  27  1777 

One  Major,  2  Capt8  4  Lieut8,  7  Sergeants,  6  Corpl8  and 
100  Privates  from  Gen1  Greens  and  Gen1  Stephens  Divisions 
are  to  parade  at  Head  Quarters  at  10  o'clock  P.  M.  this  day 
to  go  on  Detachment,  they  will  take  provisions  for  one  Day 
and  prepare  for  three  or  four  Days  absence. 

Detail  for  GEN!  MUHLENBURG 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  WILMINGTON  Aug*  27  1777 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow     .     .     Green 

Brigr Maxwell 

Field  Officers    .     Col  Bowman  &  L*  Col 

Wettner 
Brigade  Major     .     .     .     Weatherspoon 

The  Brigades  and  other  Corps  are  to  be  in  such  readiness 
as  to  march  at  a  Moments  warning  to  this  end  the  officers 
will  see  that  the  Men  are  kept  regularly  supplied  with  as 
much  provision  as  will  when  fresh  keep,  and  the  Commis- 


General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        449 

saries  are  peremptorily  ordered  to  provide  a  Quantity  of 
Hard  Bread  ready  to  deliver  on  Sudden  Call.  It  is  expected 
as  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  our  Service  will  be  active 
that  every  species  of  Baggage  belonging  to  both  officers  and 
Men  will  now  be  stored  except  such  as  cannot  be  done  with- 
out in  the  Field.  That  the  Train  of  Waggons  may  be 
reduced  and  our  incumbrance  on  this  account  lessened  to 
affect  this  valuable  purpose  the  Sick  are  to  be  turn'd  over 
to  the  Director  Gen1  of  the  Hospital  and  none  kept  with  us. 
The  Women  are  expressly  forbid  any  longer  under  any 
License  at  all  to  ride  in  the  Waggons  and  the  Officers  are 
Call'd  upon  to  permit  no  more  than  is  absolutely  necessary 
and  actually  useful  to  follow  the  Army. 

The  number  of  Horses  which  are  now  injuriously  intro- 
duc'd  contrary  to  all  former  practice  is  also  expressly  forbid 
as  they  have  become  a  real  nuisance  to  the  Army,  it  is 
expected  therefore  that  no  officer  except  those  who  are 
allowed  Forage,  will  henceforth  keep  a  Horse,  but  as  his 
Baggage  is  Carried  for  him,  march  on  Foot  with  his  men. 
This  at  the  same  time,  that  it  testifys  a  regard  to  the  Ser- 
vice, will  be  a  good  and  Commendable  example  to  the 
Men,  which  in  every  instance  ought,  and  it  is  hoped  will 
be  the  first  object  of  a  good  and  Valuable  Officer.  Five 
Waggons  from  each  Brigade  is  to  be  deliver'd  immediately 
to  the  D.  Q.  M.  G.  Gen1  Green's  Division  is  to  march 
tomorrow  Morning  and  take  post  on  a  piece  of  ground, 
which  will  be  mark'd  out  for  him  on  White  Clay  Creek 
and  the  Militia  from  Chester  under  the  Command  of  Col. 
Evans  is  to  march  to  Christeen  Bridge,  and  there  take  post 
till  further  orders. 

B.  0. 

The  Brigade  will  hold  themselves  in  readiness  to  march 
tomorrow  morning  at  5  o'clock  precisely  the  Gen1  to  beat 
at  four. 

P.  MUHLENBURG   B.  G. 

VOL.  xxxiv. — 29 


450        General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

D.  0.  CAMP  AT  WHITE  CLAY  CREEK  Aug*  28 — 1777. 

Gen1  Muhlenburgs  and  Gen1  Weedens  Brigades  each  to 
furnish  100  men  that  are  good  marksmen  to  form  a  Light 
corps  for  the  Division  as  this  is  meant  only  for  a  temporary 
establishment  &  as  the  utility  will  depend  upon  the  good- 
ness of  the  men  and  Officers  for  such  a  Service,  the  Gen1 
desires  the  Commanding  Officers  of  Regts  to  send  none  hut 
such  as  may  be  depended  on.  L*  Col.  Parker  is  to  take 
the  Command,  Gen1  Muhlenburg  will  furnish  a  Major,  two 

field  Officers  being  necessary. 

N.  GREEN  M.  G. 

G.  O.         HEAD  QUARTERS  WILMINGTON  Aug1  28 — 1777 

Major  General  for  tomorrow  ....    Stephens 

Brigadr Scott 

Field  Officers  Col.   Spots  wood  and  Major  Miller 

Joseph  Scott  is  appointed  Brigade  Major  to  Gen1  Muhlen- 
burgh  in  the  room  of  Major  Swaine  and  is  to  be  obey'd  as 
such.  A  Corps  of  light  infantry  is  to  be  form'd  immedi- 
ately to  Consist  of  one  Field  officer,  Two  Capts,  6  Subs, 
eight  sergeants,  one  hundred  Rank  and  File  from  each 
Brigade. 

D.  0.  CAMP  AT  WHITE  CLAY  CREEK  Aug1  29th  1777 

A  Gill  of  Spirits  to  be  drawn  for  the  men,  this  to  be 
continued  every  morning  while  the  men  lay  out  of  their 
Tents. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  WILMINGTON  Aug1  29th  1777 

Each  Brigade  is  to  make  a  Return  immediately  to  the 
Q.  M.  G.  of  the  number  of  Arm  Chests  necessary  for  car- 
rying safely  all  the  spare  arms  that  may  from  Time  to  Time 
happen  to  be  in  their  Brigades  by  means  of  the  sick  and 
other  usual  accidents.  The  pay  master  of  Regts  are  forth- 
with to  apply  to  the  Pay  Master  Gen1  for  the  month  of  July. 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777.        451 

B.  0.  Aug*  30th  1777 

A  Waggon  with  a  Fatigue  Party  of  6  men  from  each 
Reg*  to  be  sent  immediately  to  Cut  wood. 

P.  MUHLENBURG    B.  G. 

D.  O.  CAMP  AT  RED  CREEK  Aug*  30  1777. 

A  Sub.,  Serg4,  and  20  men  to  Parade  tomorrow  morning 
from  the  Division  at  Gen1  Weedon's  Quarters  to  receive 
their  orders  from  him.  N".  GREEN  M.  G. 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Aug*  30  1777. 

Gen1  Maxwell  will  take  the  Command  of  the  Corps  of 
light  infantry.  John  Cannon  was  on  the  1st  of  May  ap- 
pointed Pay  Master  to  the  6th  Vira  Reg4  the  Commander  in 
Chief  approves  of  the  appointment. 

Aug<  30,  1777. 

Parole  C.  Sign 

Information  being  given  by  the  Commissary  Gen1  that  it 
is  impracticable  at  present  to  supply  the  army  daily  with 
hard  Bread  the  Troops  are  to  receive  soft  Bread  or  flour,  as 
the  Commissaries  shall  be  able  to  supply  them.  The  Com- 
missaries are  never  the  less  to  exert  themselves  to  the  Ut- 
most constantly  to  supply  the  Troops  wth  bread  either  hard 
or  soft,  and  without  fail  to  have  a  large  Quantity  of  hard 
Bread  made,  ready  to  be  issued  whenever  the  Army  Marches. 

Tin7  PICKERING  A.  G. 

B.  O.  Aug*  31st  1777. 

The  1st,  5th  and  9th  Regt8  are  to  be  muster'd  Tomorrow 
morning  at  9  o'clock  for  which  reason  they  are  to  be  excus'd 
from  finding  any  men  for  Guard  this  evening  unless  an  un- 
usual number  should  be  required.  The  Officers  will  take 
care  to  have  their  Muster  Rolls  ready.  At  5  o'clock  this 
afternoon  the  Brigade  is  to  Parade  to  attend  divine  Service. 
No  Soldier  to  Straggle  from  camp  on  any  pretence  what- 
ever, should  any  disobey  this  order  and  fall  into  the  hands 
of  the  Patroles,  punishment  will  be  unavoidable. 

P.  MUHLENBURG  B.  G. 


452         General  Muhleiib  erg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

D.  O.  CAMP  NEAR  WILMINGTON  Sepr  1st  1777. 

His  Excellency  having  order'd  278  Tin  Boxes  to  carry 
spare  cartriges  for  the  use  of  the  Division,  Gen1  Muhlenburg 
and  Gen1  Weedon  will  send  a  party  from  each  Brigade  to 
fetch  the  Boxes  to  Camp  from  the  Genls  Quarters,  they  are 
to  be  divided  equally  between  the  Brigades. 

The  Briggadiers  will  order  such  proportion  to  each  Reg* 
as  they  think  necessary  for  the  good  of  the  Service,  taking 
receipts  of  the  Command15  Officers  of  Regt8  for  the  number 
delivered.  The  Commg  Officers  of  Regts  are  also  to  divide 
them  to  the  Companies,  the  Capt8  to  give  their  Receipts  for 
what  they  receive,  they  are  also  to  divide  the  Boxes  among 
the  Messes,  who  are  to  be  daily  examined  whether  they 
have  the  Boxes  and  Compliment  of  Cartridges  belonging 

to  them.  XT    ~  , .-    ~ 

IN.  GREEN  M.  G. 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Sepr  1st  1777. 

Mr.  Austin  Sandwich  was  on  the  15th  of  August  appointed 
Quarter  Master  to  6th  Vir*  Reg*  and  is  to  be  regarded  as  such. 
The  ComnT  in  Chief  has  the  pleasure  to  inform  the  Army 
that  on  the  approach  of  Gen1  Arnold  with  his  Detachment 
that  the  Enemy  rais'd  the  Siege  of  Fort  Stanwix  and  fled 
with  such  precipitation  that  they  left  their  Tents  standing 
which  with  their  Ammunition,  Baggage,  Stores,  Fore  Royals 
&c  &c  having  fallen  into  our  Hands,  and  that  a  party  sent 
out  by  Col.  Gransvert  who  commanded  at  the  Fort  brought 
in  a  number  of  prisoners  and  Deserters. 

D.  0.  CAMP  Sep*  2d  1777 

The  Division  to  furnish  a  detachment  of  three  Hundred 
Men  to  be  Commanded  by  a  Col.  I/  Col.  and  Major,  and 
otherwise  properly  Officer'd,  to  parade  immediately,  draw 
and  Cook  one  days  provision  and  be  ready  to  march  tomor- 
row morning  at  Three  O'clock  to  receive  Orders  from  Gen1 

Muhlenburg. 

K".  GREEN  M.  G. 


General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777.        453 

Q.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Sepr  3d  1777. 

As  the  Enemy's  motion  will  be  sudden  and  perhaps  rapid. 
The  Gen1  positively  orders  the  Comm*  Officers  of  Corps  to 
keep  their  men  in  Camp,  by  no  means  suffering  them  to 
ramble  about  the  verge  of  it.  The  discharge  of  2  field 
pieces  is  to  be  considered  by  the  Brigadiers  and  Officers 
Commanding  Brigades  as  an  alarm  as  a  signal  for  get- 
ting their  men  under  arms  and  for  the  Waggon  Masters  for 
putting  to  their  Horses,  upon  the  firing  the  alarm  Guns, 
the  Gen1  Officers  after  giving  the  necessary  Orders  for  par- 
ading their  Men,  are  to  repair  immediately  to  Head  Quar- 
ters. It  is  expected  that  the  Officers  of  every  Corps  will 
immediately  inspect  the  Mens  Arms  and  Ammunition  and 
see  that  everything  is  in  Order. 

If  any  of  the  Cont1  Troops  are  without  Arms  the  Com- 
manding Officers  of  Corps  to  which  they  belong  is  to  apply 
to  the  Adj'  Gen1  for  Orders  on  the  Commissary  Gen1  for 
such  as  are  wanting.  The  Commr  in  Chief  approves  the 
following  sentences  of  a  Gen1  Court  Martial  held  Sepr  2d 
whereof  Colonel  Johnson  was  President.  Godfrey  Oxford 
of  14th  Virga  Reg*  charged  with  desertion,  getting  drunk 
and  loosing  his  arms,  found  not  guilty  of  desertion,  but 
guilty  of  getting  drunk  and  loosing  his  arms,  sentenced  to 
receive  one  Hundred  Lashes  on  his  bare  back  and  to  pay 
for  his  arms  lost. 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  4lh  Sepr  1777. 

As  a  full  supply  of  hard  Bread  cannot  at  present  be 
obtained  all  that  is  now  in  or  shall  come  to  the  Hands  of 
the  Reg1  Qr  Master  is  to  remain  there  and  not  be  distributed 
but  upon  the  most  pressing  exigencies  and  when  the  Troops 
are  about  to  March  and  then  not  without  orders  from  their 
Brigadiers,  in  the  mean  Time  the  Army  is  to  be  furnish'd 
with  soft  Bread  or  Flour,  which  the  Commissaries  are 
ensist'd  to  supply  with  more  punctuality  than  they  have 
done.  The  Commander  in  Chief  can  no  longer  excuse  the 
neglect  in  that  Department.  Much  injury  having  been 


454        General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

done  to  the  Soldiery  and  some  lives  lost  by  their  being  taken 
from  the  Hospital  by  their  officers  too  soon,  and  without  the 
Concurrence  of  the  Superintend8  Physician,  that  practice  is 
absolutely  forbid  and  henceforward  not  a  man  is  to  be  taken 
from  the  Hospital  till  regularly  dischargd  by  the  Directing 
Physician,  in  writing  under  his  Hand.  Notwithstandg  all  the 
Cautions,  the  earnest  requests  and  the  positive  orders  of  the 
Commander  in  Chief  to  prevent  our  Army  from  Plunder- 
ing our  Friends  and  Fellow  Citizens,  yet  to  his  astonishment 
and  grief  fresh  Complaints  are  made  to  him,  that  so  wicked, 
enfamous  and  cruel  a  practice  is  still  continued  and  that  too 
in  Circumstances  most  distressing,  where  the  wretched 
Inhabitants  dreading  the  enemy's  Vengeance  for  their 
adherence  to  our  Cause  (have  left  their  all  and  fled  to  us 
for  Refuge)  we  Complain  of  the  Cruelty  and  Barbarity  of 
our  Enemy,  but  does  it  equal  ourselves,  they  sometimes 
spare  the  property  of  their  friends  but  some  amongst  us 
beyond  expression  barbarous  even  rob  them. 

Why  did  we  assemble  in  Arms  ?  Was  it  not  to  protect 
the  property  of  our  Countrymen?  And  shall  we  to  our 
Eternal  reproach  be  the  first  to  pillage  and  destroy  it  ?  Will 
no  motives  of  Humanity,  of  real  interest  and  of  Honour 
restrain  the  Violence  of  the  Soldiers  or  induce  Officers  to 
keep  so  strict  a  watch  over  the  ill  dispos'd,  as  effectually  to 
prevent  the  Execution  of  their  evil  designs,  and  the  gratifi- 
cation of  their  savage  inclination,  or  if  their  powerful 
motives  are  too  weak,  will  they  pay  no  regard  to  their  own 
safety.  How  many  nobler  designs  have  miscarried,  how 
many  Victories  have  been  lost,  how  many  Armies  have  been 
ruined  by  an  indulgence  of  Soldiers  in  Plundering. 

If  Officers  in  the  least  connive  at  such  practices,  the 
Licensiousness  of  some  Soldiers  would  soon  be  without 
Bounds,  in  the  most  Critical  moment,  instead  of  attending 
their  Duty,  they  will  be  Scattered  abroad  indiscriminately 
plundering  Friends  and  Foes,  and  if  no  worse  Consequence 
ensue  many  of  them  must  fall  a  prey  to  the  Enemy.  For 
these  reasons  the  Commr  in  Chief  requires  that  these  Orders 


General  Muhlenberg' s  Orderly  Boole,  1777.        455 

be  distinctly  read  to  all  the  Troops,  and  that  officers  of 
every  Eank  take  particular  Care  to  Convince  the  men  of 
the  Baseness  and  fatal  tendency  of  the  practices  Complained 
of  that  their  Own  safety  depend  on  a  Contrary  Conduct, 
and  an  exact  observance  of  orders  and  Discipline  at  the 
same  Time  the  Commr  in  Chief  solemnly  assures  all  that 
he  will  have  no  mercy  on  offenders  against  these  orders, 
their  lives  shall  pay  the  Forfeit  of  their  Crimes,  Pity  under 
such  Circumstances  would  be  the  heigth  of  Cruelty. 

D.  0.  CAMP  Sepr  4—1777. 

The  two  Brigades  to  furnish  250  men  for  a  Fatigue 
Party  in  the  morning  to  Parade  at  7  o'clock  to  be  Com- 
manded by  a  Field  Officer  and  otherwise  properly  Officer'd. 

N.  GREEN  M.  G. 

D.  O.  CAMP  Sepr  5th  1777 

A  detachment  of  one  Sub.,  2  Sergts,  2  Corp8,  and  20 
Privates  from  the  Division  to  parade  immediately  at  Gen1 
Weedons'  Brig*  parade,  they  will  march  to  Newport,  where 
they  will  receive  orders  from  Col.  Marshall,  they  will  take 
one  Days  provision  with  them. 

B.  O.  Sepf  5th,  1777 

It  has  been  observ'd  for  several  days  past  that  many 
Soldiers  making  a  practice  of  getting  drunk  regularly  once 
a  Day  and  thereby  render  themselves  unfit  for  duty,  which 
practice  at  this  Time  especially  must  be  of  pernicious  Con- 
sequences. The  Officers  Commg  Regts  are  therefore  desired 
to  be  particularly  attentive  to  the  Conduct  of  their  Men, 
and  if  they  find  any  who  are  intoxicated,  to  have  them 
punish'd  immediately  agreeable  to  the  Articles  of  War,  no 
Sutler  shall  permit  a  Soldier  to  sit  down  in  his  Booth  or 
Tent  to  drink,  but  send  him  off  immediately  when  he  has 
receiv'd  the  Quantity  of  Liquor  he  came  for,  nor  shall  any 
Sutler  presume  to  sell  after  Tattoo  beating  on  pain  of  hav- 
ing his  Licence  taken  from  him.  P.  M.,  B.  G. 


456         General  Muhletib erg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  WILMINGTON  Sepr  5,  1777 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow     ....     Green 

Brigadier Weedon 

Field  Officers  Col.  Mathews    .    Major  Howell 
Brigade  Major Peers 

The  Commissary  Gen1  of  Prisoners  informs  the  Commg 
Officers  of  Regts  and  other  Corps  that  notwithstanding  the 
orders  heretofore  Issued  for  that  purpose  he  has  received 
but  one  small  return  of  Prisoners  taken  by  the  Enemy  since 
his  appointment.  In  consequence  of  which  neglect  it  will 
be  impossible  for  him  in  Case  of  an  exchange.  To  pay 
proper  attention  to  the  Order  of  the  different  Captures  aa 
to  Time,  he  further  informs  them  that  in  Future  the 
Prisoners  will  be  exchang'd  according  to  the  Returns  here- 
after made  to  him.  As  Baggage  Waggons  are  at  all  Times 
a  great  incumbrance  to  an  Army  and  would  be  particularly 
so  in  a  day  of  Battle,  they  are  in  the  latter  Case  to  be 
drawn  off  the  Field,  that  the  Army  may  not  be  in  the  least 
incommoded  by  them,  it  is  besides  a  measure  which  com- 
mon prudence  dictates,  and  whenever  an  action  is  expected 
the  Q.  M.  G.  will  immediately  wait  on  the  Cornm'  in  Chief 
to  receive  his  Direction  respecting  them. 

From  every  information  of  the  Enemy's  design  and  from 
their  movement,  it  is  manifest  that  their  Aim  is  if  possible 
to  possess  themselves  of  Philadelphia,  this  is  their  Capital 
Object,  it  is  what  they  last  year  strove  to  affect  but  were 
happily  disappointed. 

They  have  made  a  Second  Attempt  at  the  Opening  of 
this  Campaign,  but  after  vast  preparations  and  expence  for 
the  purpose  they  abandoned  their  design  and  evacuated 
totally  the  Jersies,  they  are  now  making  their  last  effort  to 
come  up  the  Delaware  it  seems  it  was  their  first  intention, 
but  from  the  measures  taken  to  annoy  them  in  the  River, 
judged  the  Enterprize  that  way  too  hazardous,  at  length 
they  have  landed  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland  and 
advanc'd  some  little  way  into  the  Country,  but  the  Gen1 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        457 

trusts  they  will  be  again  disappointed  in  their  Views,  should 
they  put  their  designs  against  Philad*  on  this  Rout  their 
all  is  at  stake.  They  will  put  the  Contest  on  the  event  of 
a  single  Battle,  if  they  are  overthrown  they  are  utterly 
undone,  the  War  is  at  one  end,  now  then  is  the  Time  of 
our  most  strenuous  exertions,  one  bold  stroke  will  free  the 
Land  from  Rapine,  Devestation  and  burning  and  female 
innocence  from  brutal  Lust  and  Violence.  In  every  other 
Quarter  the  American  Arms  have  of  late  been  rapidly  suc- 
cessful. Great  numbers  of  the  Enemy  have  fallen  in  Battle 
and  still  greater  Numbers  have  been  made  Prisoners,  the 
Militia  to  the  Northward  have  fought  with  resolution  that 
would  have  done  Honour  to  old  Soldiers,  they  bravely  fought 
and  Conquered,  and  Glory  attends  them.  Who  can  forbear 
to  emulate  their  noble  Example.  Who  is  either  without 
ambition  to  share  with  them  the  applauses  of  their  Country- 
men and  of  all  posterity  as  the  Defenders  of  their  Country 
and  the  procurers  of  Peace  and  Happiness  to  unborn  Mil- 
lions in  the  Present  and  Future  Generations.  Two  years 
we  have  maintain'd  the  War  and  struggl'd  with  Difficulties 
innumerable,  but  the  prospect  has  since  brighten'd  and  our 
affairs  put  on  a  better  face.  Now  is  the  time  to  reap  the 
fruits  of  all  our  Toils  and  dangers,  if  we  behave  like  Men, 
this  third  Campaign  will  be  our  last.  Ours  is  the  main 
Army  to  us  our  Country  looks  up  for  protection,  for  the 
Eyes  of  all  America  and  all  Europe  are  turn'd  upon  us,  as 
upon  those  by  whom  the  event  of  war  is  to  be  determin'd. 
And  ye  Gen1  assures  his  Countrymen  and  Fellow  Soldiers 
that  he  believes  the  Critical,  the  important  moment  is  at 
hand,  which  demands  their  most  Spirited  exertions  in  the 
Field.  Their  Glory  waits  to  Crown  the  Brave  and  Peace, 
freedom  and  Happiness  will  be  the  reward  of  Victory. 
Animated  by  motives  like  these  Soldiers  fighting  in  the 
Cause  of  innocence,  Humanity  and  Justice,  never  will  give 
way  but  with  undaunted  resolution  press  on  to  Conquest, 
and  this  the  Gen1  assures  himself  is  the  part  the  American 
Forces  are  now  in  Arms  will  act,  and  thus  acting  he  will 


458        General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777. 

» 

assure  them  success.  Gen1  Irvins  Brigc  of  Militia  will  re- 
lieve the  men  of  Gen1  Nash8  Brigade  on  the  Cattle  Guard 
on  the  east  side  of  Brandywine  as  soon  as  possible  and 
daily  furnish  it. 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Sepr  6th  1777 

Parole  C  Sign 

Major  Gen1  tomorrow     .     .     .     .     Ld  Sterling 

Brigadier Scott 

Field  Officers  Col.  Josiah  Parker,  Major  Force 
Brigade  Major Day 

The  Gen1  has  no  doubt  but  that  every  Man  who  has  a 
due  Sense  of  the  importance  of  the  Cause  he  has  undertaken 
to  defend,  and  who  has  any  regard  to  his  own  Honour,  and 
the  reputation  of  a  Soldier  will  if  call'd  to  action  behave 
like  one  Contending  for  everything  valuable,  but  if  Con- 
trary to  his  expectation  there  shall  be  found  any  Officer  or 
Soldier  so  far  lost  to  all  shame  as  basely  to  quit  his  post 
without  orders,  or  shall  sculk  from  danger  or  Offer  to  re- 
treat before  Orders  is  given  for  so  doing  from  proper  author- 
ity of  a  Superior  Officer,  they  are  to  be  instantly  shot  down 
as  a  just  punishment  to  themselves  and  for  examples  to 
others.  This  order,  those  in  the  rear  and  the  Corps  of  re- 
serve are  to  see  duly  executed  to  prevent  the  Cowardly 
from  making  a  sacrifice  of  the  Brave,  and  by  their  ill  ex- 
amples and  groundless  Tales  (calculated  to  cover  their  own 
shameful  Conduct)  spreading  Terror  as  they  go.  That  this 
order  may  be  well  known  and  strongly  impress'd  upon  the 
Army  the  Gen1  positively  orders  the  Commg  Officer  of 
every  Reg*  to  assemble  his  Men  and  have  it  read  to  them  to 
prevent  the  plea  of  Ignorance. 

The  Gen1  begs  the  favour  of  the  officers  to  be  attentive  to 
all  strange  faces  and  Suspicious  Characters  which  may  be 
discover'd  in  Camp,  and  if  upon  Examination  of  them  no 
good  account  can  be  given  why  they  are  there  to  carry  them 
to  the  Major  Gen1  of  the  Day  for  further  examination,  this 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        459 

as  it  is  only  a  necessary  precaution  is  to  be  done  in  a  man- 
ner least  offensive. 

The  officers  are  to  meet  at  5  o'clock  this  afternoon  at  the 
brick  House  by  White  Clay  Creek  and  fix  upon  proper 
picquets  for  the  security  of  the  Carnp. 

John  Lawrence  and  Peter  Pressly  Thornton  Esq™  are 
appoint*1  extra  Aid  du  Camps  to  the  Commr  in  Chief,  all 
orders  therefore  thro'  them  in  writing  or  otherwise  are  to 
be  regarded  in  the  same  light  as  if  proceeding  from  any 
other  of  his  Aid  du  Camps. 

Notwithstanding  the  orders  relative  to  Slaughter  Houses, 
they  are  still  often  great  nuisances  to  the  Army,  the  Qr 
Masters  of  Divisions  therefore  are  to  see  that  they  are  fixed 
at  proper  distances  from  the  Camp  and  that  all  the  offal  be 
buried  once  a  Day.  The  Commd  in  Chief  will  look  to 
these  Qr  Masters  for  the  Execution  of  this  Order,  and  no 
excuse  can  be  admitted  for  the  neglect  of  so  necessary  a 
Duty. 

T.  PICKERING  A.  G. 

After  Orders. 

Information  has  been  given  that  many  Waggon  horses 
are  suffer'd  to  go  loose  in  the  Fields.  The  Commr  in 
Chief  strictly  orders  that  every  night  all  the  Waggon  horses 
be  put  to  the  Waggons  and  there  kept,  and  if  it  be  necessary 
at  any  Time  for  them  to  go  to  Grass,  that  it  be  only  in  the 
day  Time,  and  then  the  Waggoners  must  stay  by  them  coiv 
stantly,  that  they  may  be  ready  at  the  shortest  notice.  The 
Waggon  Masters  are  required  to  see  this  order  Carefully 
executed. 

The  Enemy  has  disincumber'd  themselves  of  all  their 
Baggage  that  their  movements  may  be  quick  and  easy,  it 
behoves  us  to  be  alike  ready  for  marching  at  a  moments 
warning,  and  for  the  same  reason  it  is  absolutely  necessary, 
and  the  Commr  in  Chief  absolutely  requires  that  both  Offi- 
cers and  Men  remain  Constantly  at  their  Quarters. 

Tattoo  is  no  longer  to  be  beat  in  Camp. 


460        General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

B.O.  Sepr  7th  1777 

A  return  is  immediately  to  be  given  of  the  number  ot 
spare  Cartridges  wanting  to  fill  up  the  Tin  Boxes  in  each 

Reg*. 

P.  M.,  B.  G. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  New  Port  Sepr  7,  1777. 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow  ....      Stephens 

Brigadier .     .    Wayne 

Field  Officers  Col.  Marshall  and  Major  Ballard 
Brigade  Major Harper 

The  Gen1  has  received  a  Confirmation  of  the  Intelligence 
in  the  orders  of  last  night,  that  the  Enemy  have  disincum- 
ber'd  themselves  of  all  their  Baggage  even  their  Tents, 
reserving  only  Blankets  and  such  part  of  their  Cloathing  as 
is  absolutely  necessary,  this  indicates  a  speedy  and  rapid 
movement  and  points  out  the  necessity  of  following  the  ex- 
ample and  ridding  ourselves  for  a  few  days  of  everything 
we  can  possibly  dispence  with.  As  a  very  imperfect  obedi- 
ence has  been  paid  to  former  orders  on  this  subject,  it  is 
now  once  more  strictly  enjoin'd  that  all  Baggage  which  can 
be  spar'd,  both  of  Officers  and  Men  be  immediately  pack'd 
up  and  sent  off  this  day  to  the  other  side  of  Brandywine. 

This  having  heretofore  attended  by  a  too  indulgent  con- 
struction of  the  General  Terms  in  which  it  has  been  couch'd, 
the  Gen1  is  oblig'd  to  be  more  explicit  and  to  declare  that  it 
is  his  intention  that  the  Officers  should  only  retain  their 
Blankets,  great  Coats  and  three  or  four  shifts  of  undcr- 
Cloathes,  and  that  the  Men  should,  besides  what  they  have 
on  keep  only  a  Blanket  and  Shirt  apiece,  and  such  as  have 
it  a  Great  Coat,  all  Chests,  Trunks,  Boxes  and  other  bedding 
and  Cloathes  than  those  mentioned  to  be  sent  away  till  the 
elapsing  of  a  few  days.  Whether  the  enemy  Means  an  im- 
mediate attack  or  not  it  is  hop'd  that  none  will  have  so 
little  sense  of  property  as  to  deem  a  measure  so  obviously 
for  the  good  of  the  Service  a  hardship. 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        461 

It  would  be  folly  in  the  extream  to  hazard  the  Loss  of 
our  Baggage  for  the  sake  of  a  little  present  Convenience,  a 
loss  which  at  this  time  would  he  irreparable,  the  disadvan- 
tage of  having  that  to  take  Care  of,  at  the  moment  of 
attack  wrhen  we  should  be  preparing  for  defence  is  evident. 
The  attention  of  both  officers  and  men  will  then  be  wholly 
engross'd  for  its  safety  and  the  Enemy  will  have  time  to  be 
upon  us,  before  we  will  have  time  to  receive  them,  the  Con- 
fusion and  Bustle  must  be  Consequent,  and  perhaps  Defeat 
and  Disgrace,  the  loss  of  our  Baggage  and  not  impossible 
the  ruin  of  our  Army.  The  Commr  in  Chief  in  a  particu- 
lar manner  look  to  the  Gen1  Officers  for  the  execution  of 
this  order  in  their  respective  Division's  and  Brigades. 

The  whole  Army  is  to  draw  two  Days'  provisions  exclu- 
sive of  to-day  and  have  it  Cook'd  and  deposit  it  with  the 
Reg1  Qr  Masters  provided  salt  provisions  can  be  drawn, 
otherwise  one  Days  fresh  provision  to  be  Cook'd  and 
deposited  as  a  foresd  and  two  Days  hard  Bread  if  to  be  had. 
All  the  Horse  except  Cap*  Lewis's  Troop  is  to  take  post  on 
the  right  of  the  Army.  The  Tents  of  the  whole  Army  is 
to  be  pack'd  in  the  Waggons  tomorrow  morning  an  hour 
before  day  and  the  Horses  tackled,  all  Corps  of  Horse  are 
to  be  assembled  at  the  same  time  and  the  whole  Army 
drawn  up  in  their  respective  line. 

The  Q.  M.  G.  is  to  spare  no  pains  immediately  to  provide 
Waggons  to  carry  the  Men's  packs,  that  the  men  may  be 
perfectly  light  and  free  for  action.  There  is  to  be  no  more 
Sick  sent  to  Concord  but  to  Birhmingham. 

D.  O.  CAMP  Sepr  8th  1777 

A  party  of  one  Hundred  Men  properly  Officer'd  to  pa- 
rade immediately  from  the  Division,  they  are  to  take  one 
days  provision  with  them.  The  Commanding  Officer  will 
receive  his  orders  at  the  Generals  Quarters. 

A  Fatigue  Party  of  One  Hundred  Men  from  the  Division 
to  Parade  immediately  to  be  Commanded  by  a  Field  Offi- 


462         General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

cer   who   will    receive    Orders   from    Col.    Duportail    the 
Engineer. 

The  Kemainder  of  the  Troops  of  the  Division  are  to  be 
dismissed  and  pitch  their  Tents  at  10  o'clock  if  the  Enemy 

are  not  advancing  at  that  Time. 

K  G.,  M.  G. 

G.  0.  BURMINGHAM    HEAD  QUARTERS,  Sepr  8th  1777 

Officers  of  yesterday     .     .     .     Gen1  Sullivan 

Brigadier Woodford 

Field  Officers  Col.  Stewart  and  L4  Col.  Nevill 
Brigade  Major Scott 

G.  0.  Sepr  9th  1777 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow     ....  Green 

Brigadier   .......       Muhlenburg 

Field  Officers  Col.  Nagle             Major  Taylor 
Brigade  Major Ross 

Intelligence  having  been  received  that  the  Enemy  in- 
stead of  advancing  towards  Newport  are  turn'd  another 
Course  and  appears  to  have  a  design  of  marching  north- 
ward, this  render'd  it  expedient  for  the  Army  to  quit  New- 
port and  march'd  northward  also  which  occasion'd  its  sud- 
den movement  this  Morning,  such  of  the  Troops  as  have 
not  been  serv'd  with  Rum  to-day  are  as  soon  as  possible  to 
be  serv'd  with  a  Gill  of  Rum.  The  Major  &  Brigader  Gen18 
of  the  Day  accompanied  by  the  Q.  M.  G.  will  immediately 
Reconnoitre  the  Environs  of  the  Camp  and  fix  upon  proper 
places  for  posting  Pickets  for  its  security. 

G.  0.  BIRMINGHAM  Sepr  10th  1777. 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow  .     .     .     Lord  Sterling 

Brigadier Nash 

Field  Officers  Col.  Spotswood,  Major  Bloomfield 
Brigade  Major 


General  Mulilenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        463 

It  being  with  Concern  the  Gen1  hear's  the  Complaints  of 
the  Farmers  on  account  of  the  Destruction  of  their  Fences 
<fcc,  by  which  means  their  fields  of  Grain  and  Grass  are  de- 
stroy'd,  he  wishes  that  Officers  of  every  Rank  (for  the  sake 
of  Justice  and  reputation  of  the  American  Arms)  would 
exert  themselves  to  Correct  this  Specie  of  Abuse,  and  this 
he  is  persuaded  they  will  do  when  no  stronger  proof  can 
be  given  of  inattention  or  want  of  authority,  than  to  suffer 
such  practices  to  prevail  in  a  Country  abounding  with 
Wood,  and  by  Men  with  Hatchets  in  their  hands  besides 
this  the  injustice  which  individuals  or  the  Public  must  sus- 
tain by  such  practices  when  there  is  no  regularity  for  them, 
ought  to  strike  every  Officer  in  the  most  forcible  manner. 

No  Baggage  is  to  remain  on  this  Ground  that  can  be  pos- 
sibly dispenc'd  with  and  what  cannot  is  to  be  loaded  an 
hour  before  day  and  in  readiness  to  move.  The  Q.  M.  G. 
will  have  orders  where  to  send  it.  The  Commissary  Gen1 
will  take  care  at  least  to  have  three  Days  Provisions  always 
on  hand,  three  or  four  miles  in  the  rear  of  the  Army  and 
draw  in  what  Biscuit  he  can  and  salt  meat  for  occasional 
services. 

The  Q.  M.  G.  must  furnish  waggons  for  these  purposes, 
the  men  are  to  be  provided  with  cook'd  provisions  for  to- 
morrow at  least  for  two  Days  would  be  still  better  if  they 
can  get  such  provisions  as  will  keep  the  light  Horse  except 
those  on  Duty,  may  lay  Quarter'd  a  little  in  the  rear  of  head 
Quarters.  A  total  stop  is  to  be  put  to  loose  disorderly  fir- 
ing in  Camp,  as  otherwise  it  will  be  impossible  to  distin- 
guish Guns  fired  for  an  alarm.  Two  hundred  and  fifty  of 
Gen1  Greens  and  200  of  each  other  Division  and  100  of 
Gen1  Nashes  Brigade  of  Continental  Troops  and  400  of 
Gen1  Armstrongs  Division  of  Militia  are  to  be  drawn  out 
daily  as  Picquets  and  to  assemble  those  of  Gen1  Green's, 
G1  Waynes,  Ld  Sterlings,  G1  Stephens  Division  and  Gen1 
JSTash's  Brigade  on  the  most  convenient  ground  near  the 
Artillery  Park.  Gen1  Sullivan's  at  the  Center  of  his  Divi- 
sion, G1  Armstrong  at  the  Center  of  his  Division,  from  these 


464        General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

Picqnets  all  the  necessary  out  guards  are  to  be  furnished 
and  the  Residue  to  remain  on  their  respective  places  of  as- 
sembling ready  to  reinforce  the  out  Guards  or  to  be  detach'd 
on  other  duty  untill  relieved  by  other  Picquets,  at  every  new 
encampment  these  out  Guards  is  to  be  posted  by  the  Major 
Gen1  of  the  Day  and  Q.  M.  G.  aided  by  the  other  officers  of 
the  Day.  As  soon  as  these  Guards  are  posted  a  report  is  to 
be  made  to  the  Commor  in  Chief  where  they  are.  These 
Picquets  are  to  be  under  the  Command  of  the  Major  Gen1 
of  the  Day  and  under  him  by  the  Brigadier  of  the  Day. 
Each  Division  will  furnish  a  field  Officer  and  a  proportion 
of  their  Officers,  to  take  charge  of  its  own  Picquets,  but 
Gen1  Armstrong's  Division  will  furnish  two  such  officers, 
these  Picquets  to  Parade  at  5  o'clock  daily  Gen1  Muhlenburg 
a  field  Officer  for  Picquet  this  Evening. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Chester  Sepr  12,  1777 

Parole  C.  Sign 

The  Commanding  Officers  of  each  Brigade  is  immedi- 
ately to  send  off  as  many  Officers  as  he  shall  think  necessary 
(on  the  Road  leading  to  the  Place  of  Action  Yesterday  and 
many  other  Roads  where  stragglers  may  be  found,  and  par- 
ticularly to  Wilmington  where  it  is  said  many  is  retired)  to 
pick  up  all  the  Stragglers  from  the  Army  and  bring  them 
on,  in  doing  this  they  will  proceed  as  far  towards  the 
Enemy  as  shall  be  Consistent  with  their  own  safety,  and  ex- 
amine every  House,  in  the  Mean  Time  the  Troops  are  to 
march  on  in  good  order  through  Derby,  to  the  Bridge  over 
the  Schulkill,  cross  it  and  proceed  up  to  their  former  ground 
near  the  falls  of  Schulkill  and  German  Town  and  there 
Pitch  their  Tents.  Gen1  Green's  Division  will  move  last 
and  cover  the  Baggage  &c.  Gen1  Maxwell's  light  Corps 
will  remain  at  Chester  to  Collect  all  the  Stragglers  they 
can,  and  tomorrow  follow  the  Army,  the  Directors  of 
the  Hospital  will  see  that  all  the  sick  are  sent  to 
Philadelphia. 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777.        465 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  near  GERMAN  TOWN  Sepr  13th  1777 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow       .     .     Sullivan 

Brigadier Weedon 

Field  Officers  Col.  Martin  and  Major  Hay 
Brigade  Major Barber 

The  Honb1'  Congress  (in  Consideration  of  the  Gallant 
behaviour  of  the  Troops  on  Thursday  last,  their  Fatigue 
since,  and  from  a  full  conviction  that  on  every  future 
Occasion  they  will  manifest  bravery  worthy  of  the  Cause 
they  have  undertaken  to  defend,)  having  been  pleas'd  to 
order  thirty  Hhds  of  Rum  to  be  distributed  among  them  in 
such  Manner  as  the  Commr  in  Chief  shall  direct,  he  orders 
the  Commissary  of  Gen1  Issues  to  deliver  to  each  Officer 
and  Soldier  one  Gill  pr  Day  while  it  lasts.  The  Command- 
ing Officers  of  each  Brigade  without  delay  is  to  send  a 
number  of  native  Officers  into  the  City  and  its  invirons  to 
pick  up  and  bring  to  Camp  all  Straggling  Soldiers  which 
they  may  find,  as  well  those  belonging  to  other  Brigades  as 
their  own,  likewise  a  Serj*  from  each  Brigade  to  the  Bridge 
to  direct  their  Soldiers  as  they  Cross  where  to  find  their 
respective  Brigades. 

At  Roll  calling  this  afternoon  the  Men  are  to  be  charg'd 
not  to  be  out  of  Drum  call  of  their  respective  parades 
under  pain  of  Death,  nor  the  Officers  as  they  value  the 
Service  and  dread  Cashiering. 

The  Qr  M.  G.  is  to  have  the  Waggons  of  each  Brigade 
immediately  arranged  so  as  move  them  in  the  proper  Line 
at  a  moments  warning.  The  order  of  the  Encampment  at 
this  place  need  not  be  attended  to,  as  our  stay  here  will  be 
short.  Each  Division  is  to  encamp  in  as  Compact  order  as 
possible  tonight. 

All  Continental  Troops  are  to  be  supplied  immediately 
with  40  Rounds  of  Cartridges  and  the  Officers  will  see  that 
the  Soldiers  Carry  their  spare  ammunition  in  such  a  manner 
as  to  avoid  injury  and  Loss. 

The  Clothier  Gen1  is  order' d  to  send  spare  Shoes,  Shirts, 
VOL.  xxxiv — 30 


466        General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

&c  to  Camp  to  furnish  such  Men  as  are  destitute.  The 
Commg  Officers  therefore  of  Corps  are  to  delay  no  time  in 
supplying  the  absolute  wants  of  their  Men. 

The  Gen1  does  most  ardently  exhort  every  Officer  to 
attend  to  the  due  and  speedy  execution  of  these  orders 
without  a  moments  loss  of  Time. 

The  Gen1  with  peculiar  Satisfaction  thanks  those  Gallant 
Officers  and  Soldiers  who  on  the  11th  ins  bravely  fought  in 
their  Country's  Cause.  If  there  are  any  whose  Conduct  re- 
flect dishonor  upon  Soldiership  and  their  names  are  not 
pointed  out  to  him,  he  must  for  the  present  leave  them  to 
reflect  how  much  they  have  dishonour'd  their  Country,  how 
unfaithful  they  have  proved  to  their  fellow-Soldiers ;  but  with 
this  Exhortation  that  they  embrace  the  first  opportunity 
which  may  offer  to  do  Justice  to  both  and  to  the  Profession 
of  a  Soldier. 

Altho'  the  event  of  that  day  from  some  unfortunate  Cir- 
cumstances was  not  so  favourable  as  could  be  wish'd,  the 
Gen1  has  the  Satisfaction  of  Assuring  the  Troops  that  from 
every  account  he  has  been  able  to  obtain,  the  Enemies  loss 
greatly  exceeded  ours,  and  he  has  full  confidence  that  in 
another  Appeal  to  Heaven  (with  the  blessing  of  Providence, 
which  it  becomes  every  Officer  and  Soldier  humbly  to 
Supplicate)  we  shall  prove  successful. 

After  Orders. 

The  following  proportion  of  Tents  is  allowed  the  Army 
upon  its  next  March.  Viz* 

1  Soldiers  Tent  for  the  Field  Officers  of  each  Reg* 
1       D°     for  every  4  Commission'd  Officers 
1       D°     for  8  Sergts,  Drummers  and  Fifers 
1       D°     for  8  Privates. 

The  Brigadiers  to  have  Returns  made  out  and  the  above 
proportion  of  Tents  taken  for  their  Brigades  and  one  Wag- 
gon for  every  50  Tents  and  no  more.  "No  Woman  under 
any  pretence  whatsoever  to  go  with  the  Army,  but  to  follow 
the  Baggage.  The  Soldiers  are  to  Carry  their  Camp  Kettles, 


General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777.        467 

which  if  the  Army  should  come  to  action  are  to  be  put  into 
the  Waggons  with  the  Tents. 

The  Invalids  under  a  good  Subaltern  are  to  guard  the 
Tents  of  each  Brigade.  The  Division  Commissaries  are 
directed  to  have  a  constant  supply  of  Provisions  for  the 
Troops,  and  the  Q.  M.  G.  must  without  fail  furnish  the 
necessary  Waggons  for  that  purpose. 

A  Gill  of  Rum  (or  other  Spirits)  to  be  delivered  every 
Day  to  every  Officer  and  Soldier  untill  further  Orders. 

The  Commissaries  are  to  make  provision  accordingly. 

The  Army  is  to  be  ready  to  march  precisely  at  9  o'clock 
tomorrow  morg,  the  Gen1  Officers  commanding  Divisions 
will  receive  the  order  of  March  from  the  Q.  M.  G.  who  will 
also  direct  the  Rout  of  the  Baggage. 

G.  O.         HEAD  QUARTERS  GERMAN  TOWN  Sepr  14th  1777 

The  Troops  are  to  march  to  Sweeds  Ford  in  the  foil8 
Order  by  subdivisions  from  the  right,  the  first  two  Thirds  of 
the  light  Dragoons  from  which  the  Commg  Officers  will 
detach  small  parties  to  Reconnoitre  in  the  Front  on  the 
Flanks  to  a  Considerable  distance  2d  A.  Cap*8  Command 
from  Gen1  Smallwoods  Brigade  800  yards  in  the  Rear  3d 
1  Reg*  from  Smallwoods  Brigade  200  yards  in  their  Rear 
4th  the  Residue  of  that  Brigade  500  yds  in  their  Rear,  5th 
500  yards  in  the  Rear  of  that  Brigade,  the  main  Body  of  the 
Army  in  the  following  order.  Viz* 

1st  The  Remaining  Brigade  of  Gen1  Sullivan's  Division,  2d 
Ld  Sterling,  3d  Wayne,  4th  Park  of  Artillery,  5th  hash's 
Brigade,  6th  Stephen's  Division,  7th  Green's,  6th  then  the 
Waggons  with  Tents  Hospital  and  Commissaries  Stores,  7th 
then  a  rear  Guard  of  2  Regt"  from  Gen1  Weedon's  Brigade, 
8th  then  a  Cap*8  Command  from  the  Two  Reg*8  at  the  dis- 
tance of  200  yards,  9th  then  the  remaining  third  of  the 
Dragoons  500  yards  from  the  Foot,  10th  then  a  Subaltern's 
Commd  from  the  Dragoons,  the  distance  of  500  yards,  the 
Guards  in  Front  and  Rear,  and  each  Brigade  to  send  out 
small  Flanking  parties  on  their  left.  The  rear  Guards  of 


468        General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Boole,  1777. 

Foot  and  Dragoons  to  pick  up  all  Stragglers.  An  active 
Officer  from  each  Brigade  to  go  to  the  City  and  meet  at  the 
Conestagoe  Waggon  in  order  to  agree  upon  a  plan  how 
they  may  Collect  all  the  Straggling  Soldiers  together,  those 
that  are  not  able  to  march  to  be  delivered  to  the  Surgeon 
Gen1,  the  rest  the  Officers  to  furnish  with  40  Rounds  of 
Cartridges  and  march  tomorrow  morning  in  good  order  and 
join  the  Army. 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Sepr  16th  1777 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow    .     .     .     .     Ld  Sterling 

Brigadier Wayne 

Field  Officers  Col.  Hendricks  and  Major  Bruster 
Brigade  Major Fleury 

The  whole  Line  while  it  continues  unseperated  is  to  fur- 
nish 600  Men  properly  officer'd  for  Guards  &c.  each 
Brigade  to  give  according  to  its  Strength,  the  men  to  be 
under  the  immediate  direction  of  the  Major  Gen1  and  other 
Officers  of  the  day,  who  with  the  assistance  of  the  Q.  M.  G. 
agreeable  to  the  Orders  of  the  10th  Inse  are  to  see  that  the 
out  Guards  are  posted  in  such  manner  as  most  effectually  to 
secure  the  Camp.  If  the  different  avenues  to  it  should  not 
require  the  above  number,  the  overplus  are  to  remain  as  a 
Piquet,  near  the  Park  of  Artillery  and  be  always  ready  to 
reinforce  any  Guard  or  answer  any  other  Purpose  that  the 
Major  Gen1  or  other  Officers  of  the  Day  shall  think 
necessary. 

Those  Guards  in  Common  are  to  parade  at  8  o'clock  in 
the  morning  near  the  artillery  Park,  but  whenever  the 
Troops  are  to  march  they  are  to  assemble  there  at  least  half 
an  hour  before  the  Time  appointed  for  the  march  of  the 
Army,  and  from  thence  the  Major  Gen1  or  other  Officers  of 
the  Day  will  order  so  many  of  them  as  he  or  they  shall 
think  necessary  to  move  on  with  the  Qr  Masters  to  the  place 
of  destination  and  after  the  ground  and  all  the  avenues  to 
the  new  Encampment  are  well  reconnoitred  the  Guards  are 
to  be  posted.  Such  Troops  as  have  not  been  supplied  with 


General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        469 

their  Compliments  of  Cartridges  agreeable  to  the  Orders 
of  the  13th  Ins*  are  to  be  furnish'd  instantly,  the  Troops  are 
also  to  get  provision  cook'd  for  tomorrow  at  least  the 
Clothier  Gen1  is  attending  with  shoes  &c.  The  Officers 
commanding  Regt8  are  to  delay  no  time  in  getting  their 
Men  supplied.  In  future  whenever  the  Men  are  form'd  for 
action,  the  Serjt8  are  to  be  placed  in  the  Ranks  on  the 
Flanks  of  Subdivisions,  that  the  Benefit  of  their  Fire 
may  not  be  lost.  The  Brigad™  and  Officers  Commg  Reg** 
are  also  to  post  some  good  Officers  in  the  Rear,  to  keep  the 
Men  in  Order,  and  if  in  Time  of  Action  any  Man  who  is 
not  wounded  whether  he  has  arms  or  not,  turns  his  back 
upon  the  Enemy  and  attempts  to  run  away,  or  to  retreat 
before  Orders  are  given  for  it,  those  Officers  are  instantly 
to  put  him  to  death.  The  Man  does  not  deserve  to  live 
who  basely  flies,  breaks  his  Solemn  engagements  and  betrays 
his  Country. 

Such  Men  belonging  to  Gen1  Maxwells  light  Corps  as 
have  returned  to  their  Reg*8  are  Again  to  join  Gen1  Max- 
well's without  delay,  and  the  Officers  Commanding  Regt' 
are  to  make  diligent  search  after  those  Men  and  see  that 
they  are  sent  to  join  that  Corps  immediately. 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Sepr  17th  1777 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow     .     .     Sullivan 

Brigadier Muhlenburg 

Field  Officers  Col.  Febiger  Major  Lockart 
Brigade  Maj^or Peers 

The  Commanding  Officers  of  Brigades  immediately  to 
dispatch  two  or  three  careful  Officers  who  are  best  mounted 
into  the  rear  of  the  Line  of  March  Yesterday,  as  far  back 
as  Gen1  Maxwell's  Quarters  where  the  Army  last  drew  up, 
to  examine  all  Houses,  Barnes  and  Hutts  on  the  way  and 
collect  and  bring  on  all  Stragglers  from  the  Army.  The 
Brigadiers  and  other  Officers  are  immediately  to  examine 
the  Arms  &  ammunition  of  their  Men  &  spare  no  pains  to 


470        General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

preserve  such  Ammunition  as  is  not  already  damaged,  and 
to  have  the  Arms  put  in  the  best  Order  possible.  Such  as 
are  loaded  to  be  drawn  if  practicable,  if  they  cannot  be 
drawn  they  are  to  be  loaded  for  not  one  Gun  is  to  be  fired 
in  order  to  Clean  it.  The  Gen1  desires  the  officers  to  pay 
the  most  particular  attention  to  these  orders,  as  not  only 
their  own  safety  but  the  salvation  of  their  County  may 
depend  thereon. 

Such  ammunition  as  is  damaged  is  likewise  to  be  care- 
fully saved,  to-  be  returned  to  the  Park  the  first  convenient 
Time,  to  this  point  the  Officers  will  now  and  at  all  times 
pay  attention  as  the  lead  is  of  vast  importance  to  us. 

The  officers  of  the  Day  for  the  present  day  are  Major 
Gen1  Stephen,  Brigadier  Conway,  Field  Officers  L*  Col. 
Davis,  Major  Sterrit  Brigade  Major  Day. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Sepr  18th  1777 

The  Rolls  are  to  be  called  this  evening  &  Officers  and 
Men  strictly  charg'd  not  to  stir  from  their  Quarters,  where 
their  Corps  are  encamp'd,  that  they  may  be  ready  to  march 
at  a  moments  warning,  Severe  Punishment  will  be  the  De- 
merit of  Offenders  against  this  Order. 

T.  PICKERING  A.  G. 

HEAD  QUARTERS  Sepr  20th  1777. 
AFTER  ORDERS. 

It  is  with  the  utmost  Concern  that  the  Gen1  observes  a 
Continual  straggling  of  the  Soldiers,  and  that  many  Offi- 
cers pay  little  or  no  attention  to  prevent  a  practice  attended 
with  such  mischievous  Consequences  notwithstanding  the 
Orders  relative  thereto  ;  the  officers  are  reminded  that  it  is 
their  duty  and  the  Gen1  expects  for  the  future  that  they 
know  precisely  the  Number  of  Men  in  their  Divisions  or 
platoons  and  where  the  time  will  admit  of  it,  take  a  list  of 
their  names  previous  to  their  marching  that  on  a  march 
they  frequently  look  at  their  division  to  see  if  it  be  in  order 
and  no  Man  missing.  The  Gen1  has  reason  to  think  that 


General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        471 

many  officers  neglect  to  Call  the  Rolls  of  their  Companies 
daily  agreeable  to  former  Orders  and  that  many  cannot  ac- 
count for  their  absent  Men,  this  is  a  neglect  of  a  most  dan- 
gerous nature  and  if  Continued  the  Army  will  soon  be 
greatly  reduc'd.  The  Gen1  therefore  Calls  on  all  Officers 
in  the  most  pressing  manner  as  they  regard  their  Duty  and 
the  Salvation  of  their  Country  to  have  the  Rolls  call'd  night 
and  morning,  and  pay  the  most  unremitting  attention  to 
prevent  a  loss  of  their  Men.  The  Gen1  is  informed  that 
vast  numbers  of  Men  are  sent  off  as  a  Guard  to  the  Baggage. 

oo    o 

The  Brigadiers  and  officers  Commanding  Brigades  are  with- 
out delay  to  send  proper  Officers  to  Reading  or  wherever 
the  Baggage  may  be,  to  reduce  those  Guards  and  bring 
with  the  greatest  dispatch  to  the  Army  the  greatest  part  of 
them  and  those  the  best  Men  with  the  best  Arms,  leaving 
only  so  many  Officers  and  Men  as  are  absolutely  necessary 
to  guard  the  Baggage. 

Colonel  Polk  who  Commands  those  Guards  will  see  that 
few  Officers  and  Men  are  left  with  the  Baggage,  some  Offi- 
cers also  to  Philada  to  bring  all  Soldiers  which  shall  be 
found  there,  the  Officers  are  also  to  see  that  all  Soldiers  who 
wait  on  Officers  be  armed  and  do  the  duty  of  Soldiers  on 
every  emergency,  particularly  that  the  Fire  of  so  many 
Men  be  not  lost  in  a  Day  of  Action,  the  Waggons  are  to  be 
kept  ready  to  move  at  the  shortest  notice. 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  PERKIOMING  Sepr  21st  1777 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow     .     .     .     Green 

Brigadier Nash 

Field  Officers  Col.  Lawson  L*  Col.  Bearly 
Brigade  Major Barber 

The  Honble  Congress  have  been  pleas'd  to  appoint  the 
Count  Poliske  to  the  Chief  Command  of  the  American  light 
Dragoons,  with  the  Rank  of  Brigadier  Gen1.  Some  diligent 
Officers  of  each  Brigade  are  to  be  sent  to  all  the  Houses 
within  four  or  five  miles  of  this  Camp  to  find  &  bring  all 
Stragglers  to  their  respective  Corps.  The  Brigad™  will  see 


472        General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

this  done.  The  Major  Glen18  and  Brigadiers  will  see  that 
the  Commissaries  make  Competent  provisions  for  supplying 
the  troops. 

One  person  in  the  issuing  Commissary's  Department  is 
without  fail  to  call  daily  at  Head  Quarters  to  report^the 
State  of  Provisions  and  receive  orders. 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Sepr  22d  1777. 

The  Troops  are  to  get  ready  to  march  exactly  at  one 
o'clock  to  draw  and  cook  the  provisions  immediately. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Sepr  22d  1777. 

Parole  C.  Sign 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow     ....     Sullivan 

Brigadier Muhlenburgh 

Field  Officers  L'  Col.  Woolford  L'  Col.  Say  res 
Field  Officer  for  Picquet     .     .     I/  Col.  Patten 

The  Clothier  Gen1  is  immediately  to  distribute  all  the 
Cloathing  and  Shoes  in  his  Possession.  The  Army  is  to 
march  by  the  Right  in  small  Divisions  or  Plattoons  in  this 
order.  First  Gen1  Sullivan's  Division  then  Ld  Sterling's, 
then  the  Park  of  Artillery  then  Gen1  hash's  Brigas6  then 
Gen1  Stephens  Division,  then  Gen1  Green's,  the  officers  of 
all  Rank's  are  to  march  in  their  proper  Places  &  keep  their 
Divisions,  Brigades  &  plattoons  in  the  most  exact  Order  and 
especially  not  to  suffer  a  man  to  quit  his  place  without  leave 
and  that  be  granted  only  in  case  of  absolute  necessity  and 
then  a  Serj*  is  to  be  left  with  him  to  bring  him  on. 

G.  O.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Sepr  22d  1777. 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow      .     .     Ld  Sterling 

Brigadier Weedon 

Field  Officers  Col.  Buncomb  &  L*  Col.  Innis 
Brigade  Major Fleury 

The  Gen1  expects  returns  of  the  Army  tomorrow  morn- 
ing without  fail,  and  enjoins  it  upon  the  Comm*  Officers  of 


General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        473 

Corps  to  see  they  are  exactly  made,  each  Reg*  is  to  proceed 
in  making  Cartridges  for  its  own  use  that  they  may  be  held 
in  Store,  Gen1  Knox  will  furnish  them  with  materials,  it  is 
expected  as  the  Weather  is  now  growing  cool  that  the 
Troops  will  never  have  less  than  Two  Days  provisions  by 
them,  the  necessity  of  it  the  Gen1  does  in  the  strongest 
manner  impress  upon  the  Officers  in  hopes  they  will  exert 
themselves  in  seeing  it  executed  as  the  Soldiers  or  the  Ser- 
vice must  greatly  suffer  unless  this  is  well  attended  to. 

The  Gen1  is  informed  that  the  Tin  Canisters  which  was 
served  out  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  ammunition,  are  in 
some  instances  applied  to  other  uses,  he  therefore  positively 
forbids  such  Practices. 

James  Lloyd  Esqr  is  appointed  a  Volunteer  aid  du  Camp 
to  Major  Gen1  Green  and  is  to  be  respected  accordingly. 

The  sick  in  Camp  are  to  be  sent  immediately  to  the  Artil- 
lery Park  or  House  or  Barn  nearest  thereto,  that  the  Sur- 
geons may  send  them  in  Waggons  to  Reading.  A  careful 
Subaltern  Officer  from  each  Division  is  to  go  with  them,  if 
so  many  Officers  are  not  necessary,  the  Surgeon  Gen1  will 
dismiss  a  part  of  them,  each  man  is  to  take  ©ne  days  provi- 
sions with  him. 

In  Camp  in  the  night  between  the  21st  and  22nd  ins*  the 
Baron  Helzendorff  lost  a  Silver  Watch  whoever  will  bring 
it  to  Gen1  Green's  or  Gen1  Muhlenburg's  Quarters  shall  re- 
ceive a  reward  of  12  Dollars. 

Lost  a  Silver  Mounted  open  work'd  Sword  on  the  Road 
from  Wilmington  where  the  Waggons  pass'd  the  Day  of  the 
Action  of  the  11th  Ins*  towards  Philad*  whoever  will  bring 
the  sword  to  Head  Qrs  or  to  Monsieur  D  Radion  L*  Col.  of 
Engineers  shall  receiye  6  Doll8  reward. 

In  the  Action  of  the  11*  Ins*  a  large  Bay  Horse  with  a 
blaze  on  his  face  and  short  dock'd  fell  into  the  hands  of 
Major  Taylor  of  Gen1  Sullivans  Division,  the  Owner  may 
have  him  by  application  to  him. 

A  number  of  papers  of  great  value  were  Stolen  from  a 
Countryman,  whoever  will  deliver  them  to  the  Adj*  Gen1 


474        General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

shall  receive  £5  Reward,  among  them  were  a  Deed,  some 
Bonds  and  Notes. 

B.  0.  Sepr  24th  1777. 

The  Commanding  Officers  of  Regt8  are  to  make  out  re- 
turns immediately  for  the  Clothes  wanting  in  each  Reg*  and 
to  apply  to  the  Clothier  General  without  loss  of  Time. 

P.  MUHLENBURG   B.  G. 

HEAD  QUARTERS  Sepr  24th  1777 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow Stephens 

Briagdier Scott 

Field  Officers   .     .    L<  Col.  Ford  &  L' Col.  Farmer 
for  Piquet  Major  Bell.      Brigade  Major  "Williams 

HEAD  QUARTERS  Sepr  25th  1777. 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow    .     .     .    Sullivan 

Brigadr Conway 

Field  Officers  Col.  Grayson,  L<  Col.  Dehurt 

Brigade  Major       Cox 

Field  Officer  for  Piquet    .     .    I/  Col.  Barber 

A  Gen1  Court  Martial  is  to  sit  immediately  at  the  House 
where  Gen1  Conway  Quarters  for  the  trial  of  all  prisioners 
which  may  be  brought  before  them,  Col.  James  Wood  is 
appointed  Presid1  of  this  Court.  One  careful  Subaltern  from 
each  Reg*  is  to  be  sent  off  immediately  to  Bethlehem  with 
Col.  Biddle  to  inspect  the  Baggage  of  the  Army,  to  see  if 
it  suffers  by  Dampness  and  if  it  does  to  have  it  properly 
dried  and  put  up  again,  and  then  to  see  that  it  be  well  se- 
cured and  guarded  against  plunderers,  these  officers  are  to 
assemble  this  afternoon  at  3  o'clock  at  the  Q.  M.  G's  Quar- 
ters, the  next  house  beyond  Head  Quarters.  Henceforward 
all  Brigade  returns  are  to  be  made  directly  to  the  Adj*  Gen1, 
the  weekly  returns  are  to  be  made  every  Monday  at  orderly 
Time. 


General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        475 

G.  O.  Sepr  26th  1777. 

The  Troops  to  be  ready  to  march  by  9  this  morning  with 
all  Baggage  pack'd  and  men  paraded  to  march  off'  by  the 
left  in  the  Order  given  the  Day  before  Yesterday.  All  the 
Tent  Waggons  in  the  Rear  in  the  Order  the  Troops  march, 
then  the  rest  of  the  Waggons.  The  Troops  that  lead  to 
beat  a  march,  and  march  to  be  followed  by  the  Residue. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Sepr  27th  1777. 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow Ld  Sterling 

Brigadier        Muhlenburg 

Field  Officers  Col.  Ogden  one  from  3d  Maryland  Reg4 

Brigade  Major Barber 

Field  Officer  Piquet  Major  Lyne 

The  G.  C.  Martial  of  which  Col.  Wood  is  president  is  to 
sit  immediately  at  the  House  next  above  Head  Quarters. 
As  the  Troops  will  rest  to  day,  Divine  Service  is  to  be  per- 
form'd  in  all  the  Corps  which  have  Chaplains. 

One  Orderly  Serj*  from  each  Brigade  is  to  attend  forth- 
with at  Head  Quarters,  and  the  Brigade  Majors  will  see 
this  done  invariably  every  day  when  Orders  have  not  been 
previously  given  for  Marching.  One  Orderly  Serj*  from 
each  Brigade  is  likewise  invariably  to  attend  Gen1  Court 
Martials. 

Such  Reg18  as  have  not  already  made  up  spare  Ammuni- 
tion so  as  to  Compleat  at  least  40  Rounds  a  man  are  to  do 
it  without  fail.  The  Commanding  Officers  of  Regt8  are  to 
see  this  done,  and  all  the  Spare  Ammunition  is  to  be  mark'd 
&  to  be  put  into  an  Ammunition  Waggon  for  and  to  follow 
each  Division.  The  Men  are  to  carry  only  their  Cartridge 
Boxes,  and  Tin  Cannisters  full.  One  of  the  Inhabitants 
where  the  Army  lately  encamp'd  has  had  15  pair  of  Buck 
skin  unmade  Breeches  a  Scarlet  Serge  Waist  Coat,  some 
Shifts,  2  Silver  Dollars  and  Fifty  pounds  in  paper  Bills 
stolen  from  him  by  some  Soldiers.  The  Commg  Officers  of 


476        General  Muhlenberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777. 

Regt8  is  required  to  Cause  the  Mens  packs  to  be  searched 
immediately  for  those  articles  that  the  Villians  on  whom 
they  are  found  may  be  brought  to  justice. 

G.  0.  HEAD  QUARTERS  Sepr  28th  1777 

Major  Gen1  for  tomorrow   .     .     Sullivan 

Brigadier Scott 

Field  Officers  Col.  Lamb   Major  Morrell 

Brigade  Major Peers 

Field  Officer  for  Picket     Major  Dawson 

The  Commander  in  Chief  has  the  Happiness  to  again 
Congratulate  the  Army  in  the  Success  of  the  American 
Arms  at  the  Northward,  on  the  19th  Inst.  an  Engagement 
took  place  between  Gen1  Burgoyne's  Army  &  9  Regt8  of 
ours  under  Gen1  Gates,  the  Battle  began  at  10  o'clock  & 
lasted  till  Night,  our  Troops  fighting  with  the  greatest 
Bravery,  not  giving  an  Inch  of  Ground,  our  loss  is  about 
80  kill'd  and  200  wounded  and  missing,  the  Enemy's  is 
judged  to  exceed  1000  kill'd,  wounded  and  taken  Prisoners, 
both  Prisoners  and  Deserters  declare  that  Gen1  Burgoyne 
who  Commanded  in  Person  was  wounded  in  the  left 
should'r,  that  the  62d  Regiment  was  cut  to  pieces,  and  that 
the  Enemy  suffer'd  extreamly  in  every  Quarter  where  they 
were  engaged,  such  was  the  ardour  of  our  Troops  that 
wounded  Men  after  being  dress'd  renew'd  the  action.  The 
Commor  in  chief  has  further  occasion  to  Congratulate  the 
Troops  on  the  Success  of  a  Detachment  from  the  Northern 
Army  under  Col.  Browne,  who  attack'd  and  Carried  several 
of  the  Enemy's  Posts  and  have  got  possession  of  the  Old 
French  Lines  of  Ticonderago  Col.  Browne  in  these  several 
Attacks  has  taken  293  of  the  Enemy  Prisoners  with  their 
Arms,  retaken  more  than  100  of  our  Men,  and  taken  150 
Batteaus  below  the  falls  in  Lake  Champlain  and  50  above 
the  Falls,  including  17  Gun  boats  and  one  Arm'd  Sloop, 
besides  Cannon,  Ammunition,  &c.  &c. 

To  Celebrate  this  Success  the  Gen1  Orders  that  at  4  o'clock 


General  Muhleriberg's  Orderly  Book,  1777.        477 

this  afternoon,  all  the  Troops  be  paraded  and  serv'd  with  a 
Gill  of  Rum  for  Men,  And  that  at  the  same  time  there  be 
a  discharge  of  13  pieces  of  Artillery  at  the  Park. 

All  spare  Ammunition  in  these  Divisions  who  have  not 
Close  space  Waggons  to  secure  it  in  is  to  be  return'd  to  the 
Park  of  Artillery. 

B.  O.  Sepr  29th  1777. 

The  Brigade  is  to  be  ready  to  march  precisely  at  10  o'clock 
previous  to  the  March  the  Men  are  to  be  laid  off  properly 
that  every  officer  may  know  his  Division  or  Plattoon,  every 
Soldier  that  has  a  Canteen  is  to  fill  it  with  water  imme- 
diately as  not  a  Man  will  be  suffered  to  straggle  from  his 
Plattoon.  The  Commanding  Officers  of  Regt8  are  requested 
to  make  a  return  to  the  Gen1  as  soon  as  possible,  of  Officers 
belonging  to  their  Regt8  who  are  absent  without  leave  that 
they  may  be  suspended  and  others  put  in  their  Place,  that 
the  Service  may  not  suffer  on  their  account.  The  Gen1  in- 
forms them  that  there  have  been  great  Complaints  of  late 
against  the  Soldiery  for  disobedience  of  G.  0.  &  decrease  of 
Military  Discipline,  and  though  he  flatters  himself  that  few 
instances  can  be  produced  where  G.  O.  has  been  disobey'd 
in  his  Brigade  yet  he  wishes  the  Colonels  as  well  as  other 
officers  to  guard  against  any  well  grounded  Complaints  in 
future,  for  as  his  Excell7  is  determined  to  look  to  the 
Brigadr  for  Compliance  with  his  orders  in  the  Brigade,  the 
Brigr  will  look  to  those  who  have  the  Command  of  the 
Soldiery  more  particularly. 

(To  be  continued.) 


478  Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  Ireland. 


PENNSYLVANIA  GLEANINGS  IN  IKELAND. 

BY   LOTHROP     WITHINGTON. 

ADVERTISEMENT  from  Dublin  Gazette  No.  6%4>  Tuesday 
April  10th — Saturday  April  Hih,  1711.  "  This  is  to  give 
Notice,  That  the  Ship  Caesar  of  Leverpool,  Edward  Picker- 
ing, Commander,  burthen  250  Tons,  16  Guns,  and  men 
answerable,  will  Sail  (God  willing)  the  first  fair  Wind  after 
the  30th  of  this  Instant  April,  for  Pensilvauia  in  America : 
if  any  Persons  are  willing  to  take  their  Passage  in  her  for 
the  Place  aforesaid,  they  may  have  very  good  Accomoda- 
tions,  and  may  be  treated  well  for  their  Passage,  etc  by 
Edward  Pickering  aforesaid  who  may  be  heard  of  at  Mr. 
Thomas  Allanson's  in  Water  Street,  Leverpool,  or  at  Mr. 
Robert  Wilson's,  Merchant,  in  Belfast. 

QUINTON  DICK  of  Mount  Prospect,  county  Londonderry. 
Will  22  December  1784.  "  Little  Boy  John  Dick  to  be  edu- 
cated by  wife  Mary  Dick  and  sent  abroad." 

Derry  Will  Book  1796-9,  folio 


ROBERT  JACK  of  Glencush,  Diocese  of  Derry,  Parish  ot 
Ardstraw,  county  Tyrone.  Will  26  March  1787.  "  to  my 
three  Brothers  now  abroad  in  some  of  the  plantations  in 
America."  1786_1790jdio  183t 


WILLIAM  SCOTT  of  Largy.     Will  4  April  1787      "  To 
Brother  Samuel  now  in  America." 

Derry  Will  Book,  1786-1790,  folio  303. 

ALEXANDER  Me  CAUSLAND  of  Sessaghbey  parish  of  Cap- 
pagh,   county   Tyrone.     Will    5    November   1797.     "  Son 


Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  Ireland.  479 

Andrew  Me  Causland  does  not  return  from  America  within 
the  space  of  ten  years." 

Derry  Will  Book  1796-9,  folio  %05. 

JOHN  RUDDLE  of  Lisnagnett,  Parish  of  Tamlaght  O'Crilly 
and  County  Londonderry.  Will  16  December  1787  "  To 
son  Robert  Rudle  £75  in  case  he  returns  from  America 
within  13  years  from  above  date. 

Derry  Will  Book  1786-1790,  folio  129. 

RICHARD  WATSON  of  Glenkeen,  Liberties  of  Londonderry. 
Will  25  January  1798.  "  Beloved  sister  Sarah  Watson 
otherwise  Hamilton  now  in  America.  Nephew  William 

Hamilton."  1796-9,  folio  157. 


480  Sketch  of  Col.  Ephraim  Martin. 


SKETCH   OF   COLONEL   EPHEAIM  MAETIN,   OF  THE 
NEW  JEESEY  CONTINENTAL  LINE. 

COLONEL  EPHRAIM  MARTIN  was  born  in  Central  New 
Jersey,  probably  in  Somerset  or  Middlesex  County  in  the 
year  1733,  and  died  at  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey,  at  the 
home  of  his  son,  Squire  Martin,  February  28,  1806,  in  his 
73rd  year.  He  was  buried  at  Stelton,  New  Jersey,  in  the 
old  Baptist  Cemetery,  where  the  tombstone  is  still'  standing 
with  the  date  of  his  death  and  the  year  of  his  age  inscribed 
on  it. 

Ephraim  Martin  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  in  Sussex 
County,  New  Jersey,  and  was  a  landholder  there  in  Newton 
township  in  the  year  1761.  He  was  appointed  Coroner  of 
Sussex  County  at  the  Council  held  at  Burlington,  New  Jer- 
sey, February  21,  1774;  he  was  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mittee of  Safety  of  Sussex  County,  organized  at  the  out- 
break of  the  Revolution,  and  was  appointed  leader  of  a 
company  "to  set  right  certain  Tories"  in  that  neighborhood. 

At  the  outbreak  of  hostilities,  he  raised  a  regiment  of 
militia  in  and  about  Sparta,  which  was  known  as  the  Second 
Establishment  of  State  Militia. 

He  was  chosen  Member  from  Sussex  County  to  the  Pro- 
vincial Congress  at  Trenton,  October  20,  1775;  also  of  the 
Congress  which  met  in  May,  1776.  This  was  the  Congress 
which  changed  the  constitution  of  New  Jersey  from  that  of 
a  colony  to  that  of  a  state. 

He  was  Colonel  of  a  battalion  of  the  State  Militia  ordered 
to  reinforce  the  defences  of  New  York  early  in  1776.  An- 
thony Wayne's  Orderly  Book,  under  the  date  of  April  6, 
1776,  headquarters  New  York,  notes  that  Colonel  Martin's 
regiment  was  assigned  to  the  Brigade  of  Lord  Sterling.  (See 
PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE  OF  HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY.) 

Ephraim  Martin  was  commissioned  by  the  State  of  New 
Jersey  on  June  14,  1776,  as  Colonel  of  a  regiment  of  New 


Sketch  of  Col.  Ephraim  Martin.  481 

Jersey  Militia  in  General  Nathaniel  Heard's  Brigade.     He 
was  described  as  of  Sparta,  Sussex  County,  New  Jersey. 

He  was  wounded  August  24,  1776,  by  a  musket  ball  in 
the  breast,  at  the  outposts  previous  to  the  battle  of  Long  Is- 
land, which  occurred  August  27,  1776;  he  doubtless  ac- 
companied Washington  in  his  retreat  from  the  Island  across 
New  Jersey  in  the  autumn  of  1776. 

On  November  28, 1776,  he  was  appointed,  by  the  State  of 
New  Jersey,  Colonel  of  the  Fourth  Battalion  in  the  Second 
Establishment  of  the  New  Jersey  Continental  Line.  This  es- 
tablishment was  not  fully  completed  with  its  full  quota  of  offi- 
cers in  General  Maxwell's  Brigade  until  February  17, 1777. 

In  the  meantime,  Colonel  Martin's  regiment  continued 
as  a  part  of  General  Nathaniel  Heard's  Brigade  of  New 
Jersey  Militia.  As  such  it  took  part  in  the  operation  around 
Trenton,  December  25,  1776,  though  the  Brigade  failed  to 
get  across  the  Delaware  in  time  to  take  part  in  the  actual 
fighting,  being  stationed  opposite  Trenton  in  order  to  keep 
the  Hessians  from  crossing  the  river  into  Pennsylvania. 

His  regiment  took  part  in  the  Battle  of  Princeton, 
January  5,  1777,  and  followed  Washington  into  camp  at 
Morristown ;  and  it  also  took  part  in  the  skirmish  at  Eliza- 
bethtown  Farms,  where  his  son  Absolom,  who  was  his  pay- 
master, had  his  arm  broken. 

In  the  Orderly  Book  of  Major  William  Heth  (see  Virginia 
Historical  Collections,  Vol.  X,  New  Series,  1891,  page  365) 
it  is  noted  that  Colonel  Martin  was  field  officer  for  the  day 
on  June  21,  1777,  at  Camp  Middlebrook. 

In  Maxwell's  Brigade  Colonel  Ephraim  Martin's  regiment 
followed  Washington  in  his  march  to  the  Brandywine, 
where  it  was  the  first  to  meet  the  enemy  at  Iron  Hill  in 
Pencader  Hundred,  Delaware,  and  he  was  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  the  Brandywine.  "He  wore  a  cocked  hat  and 
barely  escaped  death,  having  been  struck  in  the  forehead  by 
a  passing  bullet  which  only  grazed  it  but  stunned  him,  cut- 
ting through  the  hat  and  making  a  furrow  in  his  forehead." 
(See  Martin  Genealogy,  p.  315.) 
VOL.  xxxiv. — 31 


482  Sketch  of  Col.  Ephraim  Martin. 

He  was  probably  at  the  attack  on  the  Chew  House  in  the 
battle  of  German  town,  but  he  was  certainly  with  Washing- 
ton at  Valley  Forge  during  the  winter  of  1777-78.  In  the 
Valley  Forge  Orderly  Book,  of  General  George  Weedon,  it 
is  noted  that  on  the  16th  of  October,  1777,  headquarters 
Worcester  Township,  Colonel  Martin,  of  Jersey,  is  in  the 
list  of  field  officers  for  the  day.  A  similar  mention  of 
Colonel  Martin  as  field  officer  for  the  day  occurs  under  the 
date  of  May  14,  1778. 

The  Muster  Rolls  of  the  Continental  Army,  by  William 
Bradford  Junior,  preserved  in  the  collection  of  the  Histori- 
cal Society  of  Pennsylvania,  show  the  name  of  Ephraim 
Martin  as  Colonel  of  the  Fourth  New  Jersey  Regiment  in 
the  abstracts  for  July,  1778,  again  for  October,  1778,  and 
still  again  for  January,  1779. 

The  records  of  the  New  Jersey  office  show  that  Colonel 
Ephraim  Martin's  regiment  accompanied  Washington  across 
Jersey  in  1778.  He  was  stationed  in  the  reserve  at  Prince- 
ton on  occasion  of  the  battle  of  Monmouth,  June  28,  1778. 
He  was  still  in  the  service  in  November,  1779. 

New  Jersey  asked  in  this  year  that  the  Continental  Con- 
gress should  reduce  its  quota  from  four  regiments  to  three 
with  a  corresponding  reduction  in  men  and  officers.  The 
Congress  agreed  to  this  and  appointed  a  committee  to  carry 
through  this  reduction.  The  Legislature  of  New  Jersey  on 
September  26,  1780,  approved  the  arrangement  made  by 
Congress  for  this  reduction  and  Ephraim  Martin  as  the 
supernumerary  Colonel  resigned  from  the  service  after  serv- 
ing for  nearly  six  years,  if  we  count  from  his  first  raising 
of  a  militia  regiment. 

Ephraim  Martin  removed  to  Somerset  County  and  entered 
the  Upper  House  of  the  New  Jersey  Legislature  as  repre- 
sentative from  that  county,  where  with  some  interruptions  he 
continued  to  sit  until  his  death,  in  1806.  He  had  several 
brothers;  three  sons;  and  many  nephews  in  the  Revolutionary 
Army,  and  played  in  the  field  and  in  the  cabinet  an  important 
part  in  the  life  of  his  state  for  a  quarter  of  a  century. 


"•        1 

Sketch  of  Col.  Ephraim  Martin.  483 

In  Somerset  County  he  lived  in  Bernardstown ;  was  a 
member  of  the  old  Baptist  church  at  Mount  Bethel,  in  which 
he  was  elected  deacon  June  21,  1786. 

His  son  Ephraim,  Junior,  was  born  in  1760,  at  Sparta, 
Sussex  County,  New  Jersey ;  enlisted  in  his  father's  regiment 
in  September,  1777,  and  served  throughout  the  war.  In 
1789  he  removed  to  Mecklinberg  County,  North  Carolina, 
and  later  to  Campbell  County,  Georgia,  where  he  died,  in 
1840. 

Martha  Martin,  daughter  of  Ephraim  Martin,  Junior,  and 
Mercy  Alward,  was  born  May  18, 1779,  and  married  Samuel 
Stites  of  Somerset  County,  New  Jersey,  September  14, 1794. 

Their  daughter,  Anna  Stites,  was  born  December  10, 1796. 
She  married  Anthony  Wayne  Casad  of  Fairfield,  Ohio,  later 
of  Lebanon,  Illinois,  February  6,  1811. 

Their  daughter,  Amanda  Keziah  Casad,  was  born  at  Leb- 
anon, Illinois,  August  18, 1827,  and  married  Colin  D.  James 
November  27,  1850. 

Their  living  children  are  as  follows : 

1.  Edmund  Jones  James,  b.  Jacksonville,  Illinois,  May 
21,  1855;  for  thirteen  years  Professor  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania ;  for  the  past  six  years  President  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois. 

2.  Ella  Amanda,  b.  Jacksonville,  Illinois,  April  10,  1857, 
m.  (1)  Edwin  J.  Bickell,  (2)  Temple  E.  Noel. 

3.  Benjamin  Brown,  b.  July  4,  1860,  at  Island  Grove, 
Illinois,  now  Professor  of  Physics,  Milliken  University,  De- 
catur,  Illinois. 

4.  John   Nelson,  b.    April    15,    1865,    Normal,   Illinois. 
Teacher  in  the  Pennsylvania  State  Normal  School,  Indiana, 
Pennsylvania. 

5.  George  Francis,  b.  Aug.  18,  1867,  Normal,  Illinois; 
at  one  time  lecturer  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  now 
Dean  of  the  College  of  Education,  University  of  Minnesota. 

6.  Clara  Belle,  b.  at  Normal,  Illinois,  April    12,  1871, 
m.  Cheeseman  A.  Herri ck,  President  of  Girard    College, 
Philadelphia. 


484  Notes  and  Queries. 


NOTES  AND    QUERIES. 

Ulotes* 

ROHRER  RECORDS,  from  a  scrap  book  in  possession  of  Howard  O. 
Folker,  1343  West  Somerset  Street,  Philadelphia,  whose  wife,  Annie  M. 
Folker,  inherited  it  in  1890  from  her  cousin,  Amos  W.  Rohrer  Henning, 
of  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.  On  the  fly-leaf  of  book,  in  the  handwriting  of 
Mrs.  Jacob  Henning,  is  the  following: 

"This  scrap  book  was  commenced  about  the  year  1832  by 
Mrs.  Susan  Henning,  Suspension  Bridge." 

BIRTHS. 

John  Rohrer;  born  March,  1696,  in  Alsace,  previous  to  the  Revolution 

a  province  of  France. 

Maria  Souder,  his  wife;  born  February  24,  1716,  in  Manheim,  Germany. 
The  children  of  John  and  Maria  Rohrer  were  eight  in  number: 

Jacob  Rohrer,  born  June  26,  1734. 

John  Rohrer,  born  Feb.  2,  1738. 

Christian  Rohrer,  born  Oct.  23,  1741. 

Elizabeth  Rohrer,  born  Nov.  17,  1744. 

John  Rohrer,  born  March  18,  1746. 

Maria  Rohrer,  born  Jan.  18,  1749. 

Susannah  Rohrer,  born  March  16,  1756. 

(But  seven  named.)   All  the  above  seven  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Pa. 
Maria  Neff,  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Pa.,  August  16,  1752. 
The  following  are  the  children  of  John  Rohrer  and  Maria  Neff,  nine  in 

number,  all  born  in  Lancaster  County: 

Henry  Rohrer,  born  Oct.  20,  1773. 

Barbara  Rohrer,  born  Sept.  28,  1775. 

John  Rohrer,  born  March  14,  1778. 

Maria  Rohrer,  born  Nov.  18,  1780. 

Henry  Rohrer,  born  Aug.  3,  1786. 

Magdalena  Rohrer,  born  Aug.  19,  1788. 

Elizabeth  Rohrer,  born  Feb.  20,  1791. 

Ann  Rohrer,  born  July  4,  1796. 
(But  eight  named.) 
Magdalena,  the  daughter  of  John  Schenk,  born  the  24th  of  December, 

1781,  in  Lancaster  County,  Pa. 
The  children  of  John  Rohrer  and  Magdalena  Schenk  : 

Barbara,  born  Oct.  3,  1802. 

Mary  Ann,  born  Oct.  15,  1804. 

Magdalena,  born  Aug.  27,  1806. 

John  Schenk,  born  June  10,  1808. 

Henry  Neff,  born  Feb.  2,  1810. 

Amos  Kaufman,  born  May  14,  1812. 

Susan  Ann,  born  June  4,  1814. 

Reuben  Souder,  born  Feb.  12,  1816. 


Notes  and  Queries.  485 

Samuel  Franklin,  born  Oct.  15,  1817. 

Martin  Musser,  born  Feb.  16,  1819. 

Felix  Columbus,  born  May  7,  1821. 

Ann  Eliza,  born  July  18,  1824. 

The  above  children  all  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Pa. 
Rebecca  Shin  Eastlack;  born  in  Philadelphia,  May  6,  1815. 
Earl  Penn,  son  of  John  S.  and  Rebecca  S.  E.  Rohrer;  born  June  5, 

1838,  in  Lancaster  City,  Pa. 
Helen  Eliza;  born  May  11,  1840,  daughter  of  John  S.  and  Rebecca  S. 

E.  Rohrer. 
Jacob  Henning;  born  December  8,  1816,  in  Annyille,  Lebanon  County, 

Pa. 
Amos  William  Rohrer  Henning,  son  of  Jacob  and  Susan  Ann  Rohrer 

Henning;  born  May  5,  1842,  in  Annville,  Lebanon  County,  Pa. 

DEATHS. 

Maria  Rohrer,  the  wife  of  John  Rohrer,  died  the  llth  day  of  May,  1769, 

in  her  54th  year. 

John  Rohrer,  died  the  23d  of  November,  1771,  aged  75  years. 
Henry  Rohrer,  son  of  John  Rohrer,  died  the  26th  day  of  August,  1777, 

aged  4  years. 
Barbara  Rohrer,  daughter  of  John  Rohrer,  died  the  12th  of  September, 

1777,  aged  2  years. 
Magdalena  Rohrer,  daughter  of  John  Rohrer,  died  the  12th  of  April, 

1790,  aged  2  months. 

Henry  Rohrer,  son  of  John  Rohrer,  died  the  10th  of  May,  1798,  aged  14. 
Jacob  Rohrer,  died  the  19th  of  April,  1803,  aged  68  years. 
Christian  Rohrer,  died  the  27th  of  June,  1804,  aged  8  years. 
John  Rohrer,  died  the  10th  of  January,  1814,  aged  68  years. 
Elizabeth  Rohrer,  died  the  12th  of  July,  1818,  aged  27  years. 
Martin  Musser  Rohrer,  son  of  John  and  Magdalena  Schenk  Rohrer,  died 

June  19,  1820,  aged  16  months  12  days. 
Mary  Ann  Rohrer,  daughter  of  John  and  Magdalena  Schenk  Rohrer, 

died  the  6th  of  May,  1822,  aged  17  years  6  months  21  days. 
Mary  Rohrer,  wife  of  John  Rohrer,  died  July  1,  1825,  aged  72  years 

10  months  16  days. 
Barbara  Barman,  wife  of  Samuel  Harman  and  daughter  of  John  and 

Magdalena  Schenk,  died  December  19,  1827,  aged  25  years  2  months 

16  days. 
Ann  Eliza  Rohrer,  daughter  of  John  and  Magdalena  Schenk  Rohrer, 

died  August  17,  1829,  aged  5  years  29  days. 
Magdalena  Rohrer,  wife  of  John  Rohrer,  died  January  30,  1837,  aged 

55  years  1  month  7  days. 
Catharine  S.  Reigart,  daughter  of  John  Reigart,  deceased,  and  Ann 

Rohrer,  deceased,  died  January  25,  1839,  aged  17  years. 
John  Rohrer,  Esq.,  died  on  the  30th  of  January,  1840,  aged  61  years 

10  months  16  days. 
Helen  Eliza  Rohrer,  died  on  the  12th  of  September,  1842,  aged  2  years 

4  months  1  day. 

Felix  Columbus  Rohrer,  died  on  the  13th  of  December,  1842,  in  Phila- 
delphia, aged  21  years  7  months  6  days. 
Samuel  F.  Rohrer,  died  on  the  19th  day  of  January,  1888,  at  Marion- 

ville,  Pa.,  aged  70  years  3  months  4  days. 


486  Notes  and  Queries. 

Susan  Ann  Henning,  wife  of  Jacob  Henning,  died  December  9,  1877, 
at  Suspension  Bridge,  N.  Y. 

Jacob  Henning,  died  September  5,  1888,  at  Suspension  Bridge,  N.  Y. 

Amos  W.  R.  Henning,  only  son  of  foregoing,  died  June  10,  1890,  at 
Suspension  Bridge,  N.  Y.  [Last  of  his  line.] 

Ernma  Edwards  Henning,  wife  of  Amos  W.  E.  Henning,  died  at  Sus- 
pension Bridge,  N.  Y.,  October  2,  1889. 

Died  at  Annandale,  the  residence  of  her  son,  Col.  S.  C.  Stambaugh, 
Mrs.  Mary  Stambaugh,  in  the  89th  year  of  her  age.  She  was  a  Miller 
on  the  paternal  side  and  a  Carpenter  on  the  maternal,  two  of  the 
oldest  and  largest  families  in  the  old  County  of  Lancaster;  and  she 
was  the  last  of  the  last  generationl 

Died  April  3,  Maria  de  Welden,  wife  of  A.  N.  Brennaman.  She  was  a 
daughter  of  the  late  Baron  Xavier  de  Welden,  of  Wurtemburg,  Ger- 
many, and  a  niece  of  the  late  Baron  Lui  de  Welden,  a  Grand  Marshal 
of  the  Austrian  Empire. 

Mrs.  Martha,  wife  of  Martin  Miller,  of  Pine  Grove  Township,  aged  46 
years  9  months  and  16  days. 

In  Lancaster,  in  the  27th  year  of  his  age,  Reuben  S.  Rohrer. 

On  the  16th  inst.  [no  year]  in  Lancaster,  Mrs.  Laura  M.  Carpenter, 
wife  of  Dr.  Henry  Carpenter,  and  daughter  of  Martin  Miller,  Esq., 
of  Oil  City,  Venango  County,  in  the  37th  year  of  her  age. 

MARRIAGES. 

John  Rohrer  was  married  to  Maria  Souder  in  the  year  1732. 

John  Rohrer  was  joined  in  marriage  with  Maria  Neff  the  8th  of  Decem- 
ber, 1772. 

John  Schenk  married  to  Barbara  Kaufman  in  the  year  1779. 

John  Rohrer,  Esq.,  married  to  Miss  Magdalena  Schenk,  daughter  of  the 

$  Rev.  John  Schenk,  the  14th  of  April,  1801. 

Barbara  Rohrer,  daughter  of  John  and  Magdalena  Rohrer,  married  to 
Samuel  Harman,  October  2,  1823. 

Magdalena  Rohrer,  daughter  of  John  and  Magdalena  Rohrer,  married  to 
Martin  Mill,  November  11,  182  [mutilated]. 

Married  on  Thursday  evening,  October  6,  1836,  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Clem- 
pon,  at  Philadelphia,  John  S.  Rohrer,  M.D.,  of  Lancaster,  Pa.,  to 
Miss  Rebecca  East-lack,  daughter  of  Thomas  Eastlack,  Esq.,  of  Bur- 
lington, N.  J. 

Married  June  3,  1885,  Amos  W.  R.  Henning,  of  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y., 
to  Miss  Emma,  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dr.  Edwards,  of  East  Eagle 
Street,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Samuel  Franklin  Rohrer,  County  Superintendent  of  Schools,  Forest 
County,  Pa.,  married  at  Clarion  to  Miss  Clarine  L.  Blood,  daughter  of 
the  Hon.  Cyrus  Blood,  deceased,  both  of  Marion,  Forest  County,  Pa. 

At  the  residence  of  Dr.  A.  J.  Rohrer,  in  Mountville,  Lancaster  County, 
Henry  Carpenter,  an  eminent  physician  of  Lancaster  City,  was  mar- 
ried by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Greenwald  to  Miss  Laura  Miller,  formerly  of 
Venango,  Pa.  There  were  present  distinguished  persons  of  Columbia, 
Lancaster  and  elsewhere;  among  the  number,  Hon.  Thaddeus  Stevens 
and  Ex-President  James  Buchanan. 

Earl  Penn  Rohrer,  son  of  John  S.  and  Rebecca  S.  E.  Rohrer,  married 
to  Mary  Louisa,  daughter  of  Adaline  and  Alexander  Hamilton. 


Notes  arid  Queries.  487 

PIRATES  ON  THE  DELAWARE.     From  the  Penn  Papers. — 

The  Quen  Moat  Excellant  Maieity  Dr. 

August  j'' 

2,  1699  To  Jurney  to  New  Cassell  ) 

&  Expences  to  Parsew  ye  I     03.00.0 
Pirets  &  ther  Money          j 

^  me  Henry  Mallows. 

ye  iQth  Aprill  1700;  ye  account  About  ye  priveteares  for  their 

Expences  at  phillip  Hunings  £1:    2:  00 

to  ye  pressing  of  men  and  horses  and  convaying  them  to 

New  Castle  1:  10:  00 

to  my  bringing  ye  horses  and  taking  care  of  them  0:  10:  00 

for  taking  of  James  Brown  and  carying  him  to  Philadelphia 

and  Expences  there  2:  10:  00 


£5:  12:  00 
A  True  and  Just  account  $  me 

WM  WILLSON,  Sheriffe. 

SHERIFF  PAID  TO  RELEASE  A  PRISONER. — 

PHILADA    4th  xbr  1736 

Reed  of  James  Steel  Seven  Pounds  it  being  for  money  paid  by  me  for 
Releasing — Farmer  out  of  Joppe  Prison  where  he  had  been  sent  & 
Confined  by  means  of  Thomas  Cressop. 
£.  7.  SA.  SMITH. 

Shrf. 

OLD  MADEIRA  WINE. — 

"Sales  of  36  pipes  &  1  Hhd  Madeira  Wine  rec'd  June  6  1746  on 
Acct  of  ye  Honble  Jno.,  Tho8  &  Richd  Penn  Esq™"  were  made  to  the 
following  persons: 

Aubrey  Bevan, 

Mrs.  Lardner, 

Samuel  Grisley, 

John  Wister. 

EXTRACTS  FROM  CASH  BOOK  OF  JOHN  PENN. — 

1734.  1  mo.  2.     To  Cash  paid 

Clement  Plumsted  for  his 

passage  in  ye  Molly  Gelby  .....  £12.  .  . 

1785.  6  mo  12.  To  Cash  paid 

Hesselius  ye  painter  .  .  .  .  .  16.  .. 

1736.  4  mo  4.  To  Cash  paid 

Wm  Parsons  for  Copg  J.  Logans 

Translation  of  Cicero  .  .  .  .  .  3.16. — 

1741.  8  mo.  22.  To  Cash  pd  Hen* 

Panebaker  for  resurrey8  ye 

Manor  of  Manatawny  .....          3.    - 


488  Notes  and  Queries. 

LETTER  OF  HENRY  HOLLINGSWORTH  TO  HIS  BROTHER  LEVI  HOL- 
LINGSWORTH, 1777.  Original  in  the  Manuscript  Department  of  the 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. — 

SQUABBLETOWN  25  March  1777. 
DEAR  LEVI, 

I  have  just  time  to  tell  you  that  I  yesterday  had  the  pleasureiof 
attacking  the  Enemy  just  on  their  Lines  with  about  120  men  consisting 
of  about  60  Coll.  Battn.  30  Virginia  Vollunteers  and  as  many  of  Capt. 
Oglevey's  Co.  of  Coll.  Rinsey's  Battn.  The  action  began  thus — a  party 
from  the  Enemy  either  came  out  to  Exercise  in  the  wood  way  or  else  to 
Draw  us  out;  be  it  which  it  may  they  began  to  fire  alone,  when  about  30 
of  Coll.  Stretcher's  men  just  relieved  from  Guard  marched  out  to  see  the 
cause,  attact  them  and  were  obliged  to  retreat  till  supported  by  our 
Division,  and  a  second  support  from  Coll.  Strecher  who  after  a  smart 
skirmish  gave  way  with  the  loss  of  several  Hatts,  Blankets,  Cartooch 
boxes  and  one  Bloody  Handcachief  was  left  on  the  field  (or  rather  wood 
of  Action).  In  this  little  scrap  I  had  the  pleasure  of  the  Command  and 
also  of  seeing  three  of  the  Enemy  carryed  off  Disabled.  I  discharged 
my  Gun  five  times  but  can't  say  I  killed  any  of  the  Enemy  though  met 
with  a  most  unlucky  accident.  After  the  action  was  over  in  Reconnoi- 
tering  the  Enemy,  I  rode  out  to  Examine  some  Light  Horse  I  saw  at  a 
Distance  and  got  unexpectedly  within  50  yards  of  150  of  the  Enemy 
who  lay  Concealed  in  a  wood,  who  gave  me  a  whole  plattoon  as  I  sat 
on  Horseback  waving  my  Hatt  for  the  Troops  to  come  up  However  I 
came  off  without  hurt,  nor  had  I  time  to  be  scared.  Our  loss  was  one 
Riffle  broke,  one  cock  twist  off,  without  spilling  blood. 

I  am  dear  Levi, 

H.  HOLLINGSWORTH. 

P.  S.  We  expect  to  leave  here  the  first  of  April  or  sooner  or  later  as 
the  Troops  may  come  in,  as  we  are  the  only  troops  that  fill  this  post. 
We  have  lost  Dickey  Lewis  in  the  Small  Pox — Brother  Jacob  is  Brave 
— Stephen  is  mending — our  troops  are  mending — I  am  the  only  person 
of  the  whole  who  have  not  had  a  seasoning  to  the  service.  Coll.  Kinsey 
Complt8  acquaint  Madam  Kinsey  that  he  is  well.  I  am  in  haste  as  we 
are  just  going  on  a  Scout. 

UNION  LIBRARY  COMPANY  OF  PHILADELPHIA. — The  following  is 
the  form  of  Certificate  issued  by  the  Union  Library  Company  on  the 
absorption  of  the  Association  Library  Company : 

, — * — -s  WHEREAS  a  CHARTER,  under  the  great  Seal  of  the  Prov- 

f  )      ince  of  Pennsylvania,  bearing  Date  the  6th  Day  of  Octo- 

{  J      her,  Anno  Domini,  1759,  was  granted  by  the  Honourable 

v- — v— '  WILLIAM  DENNEY,  Esquire,  to  the  UNION  LIBRARY 
COMPANY  OF  PHILADELPHIA,  incorporating  them  into  one  Body 
Politick;  AND  WHEREAS  a  Law  was  enacted  by  the  said  Company,  the 
30th  Day  of  January,  1769,  for  the  Admission  of  THE  ASSOCIATION 
LIBRARY:  THESE  ARE  THEREFORE  To  CERTIFY,  That  Levi  Hollings- 
worth  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  Merchant  for  and  in  Consideration 
of  his  Share  and  Property  in  the  Books  and  Effects  of  the  said  ASSOCIA- 
TION LIBRARY,  delivered  unto  the  Directors  of  the  said  UNION  LIBRARY 
COMPANY,  and  also  the  Sum  of  Twenty  Shillings,  paid  into  the  Hands 


Notes  and  Queries.  489 

of  James  Whiteall  the  said  Company's  TREASURER,  as  ^  Receipt  hereto 
appears,  agreeable  to  the  abovementioned  Law  Is  HEREBY  admitted  a 
Member  of  THE  UNION  LIBRARY  COMPANY  OF  PHILADELPHIA,  and 
entitled  for  himself,  his  Heirs,  and  Assigns,  to  hold,  possess,  and  enjoy, 
forever,  One  equal  Share  in  the  Estate,  Books,  and  Effects  of  the  said 
Company,  Under  the  Restrictions  and  Reservations  of  the  said  Charter, 
and  Conformable  to  the  Laws  and  Ordinances  of  the  said  Company.  IN 
WITNESS  WHEREOF  the  said  Directors  have  caused  the  Seal  of  the  said 
Company  to  be  hereunto  affixed,  this  Seventeenth  Day  of  February  One 
Thousand  Seven  Hundred  and  Sixty-Nine. 

By  Order  of  the  DIRECTORS 

JN°  KAIGHN,  Secretary. 

RECEIVED  of  Levi  Hollingsworth  the  Sum  of  TWENTY  SHILLINGS, 
agreeable  to  the  above  Certificate,  this  17th  Day  of  February  1769: 
£1: — : —  JAMES  WHITEALL  Treasurer. 


LETTER  FROM  COL.  STEPHEK  HYLAND  TO  CAPT.  ROBERT  POR- 
TER.—1781. 

"Monday  Evning  23  April  1781 

"SIR 

"I  have  Just  Received  Inteligence  that  there  is  3  of  the  Enemy1 
Ships  with  Some  other  Smaller  Vessels  on  this  Side  pools  Island  and 
Appear,d  to  be  Standing  for  the  head  of  the  bay.  You  are  in  Conse- 
quence Thereof  Required  to  Immedeately  to  Call  together  the  Company 
under  your  Command  and  Act  in  Conjunction  with  the  Other  Com- 
panies of  your  Neibourhood  as  Occation  may  Require  to  prevent  the 
Ravages  of  the  Enemy. 

"  I  Am  Sir 

"  Your  Obdt  Servt 

"STEPHEN  HYLAND" 

"CAPT 

' '  ROBERT  PORTER'  ' 

The  original  of  this  letter,  is  now  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Robert  F. 
Wright,  of  near  Rowlandsville,  Cecil  Co.,  Maryland.  Mr.  Wright 
found  it  in  the  house  of  the  old  Porter  farm,  near  said  Rowlandsville, 
which  farm  Mr.  Wright  now  owns.  Besides  the  letter,  he  found  a  small 
metal  seal,  with  a  double-headed  eagle  engraved  upon  it,  also  a  pair  of 
green  glass  spectacles  and  a  pair  of  steel  knee-buckles,  said^to  have 
belonged  to  Captain  Porter,  to  whom  the  letter  is  written. 

PHILIP  S.  P.  CONNER 

ROWLANDVILLE,   MD. 

GENEALOGICAL  NOTES  OF  THE  DARBY  FAMILY,  Found  in  an  old 
book  dated  MDCLXII,  and  contributed  by  Rev.  C.  H.  B.  Turner, 
Lewes,  Delaware. 

Ephraim  Darby  was  Born  April  17.  1699. 
Elizabeth  His  Wife  was  Born  November  the  8th  1706. 
Sanders  Darby  Son  of  Ephraim  Darby  &  Elizabeth  his  Wife  was  Born 
December  ye  18.  1726. 


490  Notes  and  Queries. 

William  Darby  son  of  Ephraim  Darby  and  Elizabeth  his  wife  was 
Born  November  ye  15th.  1728,  and  Dyed  Janiwary  ye  17th  Insuing. 

William  Darby  son  of  Ephraim  Darby  and  Elizabeth  his  Wife  was 
Born  May  ye  15th  1730— and  Dyed  July  ye  5th  1742. 

Ephraim  Darby  son  of  Ephraim  Darby  and  Elizabeth  hes  wife  was 
Born  February  ye  14th.  1733— and  Dyed  November  1769. 

John  Darby  son  of  Ephraim  Darby  and  Elizabeth  his  Wife  was  Born 
ye  3  Day  of  April  anno  1742. 

William  Darby  son  of  Ephraim  Darby  and  Elizabeth  his  Wife  was 
Born  ye  13th  of  May  1744. 

Andrew  Wear  Was  born  the  25  of  September  1727. 

Joseph  Darby  son  of  Sanders  Darby  and  Elizabeth  His  wife  was  Born 
February  the  12th  1752. 

Joshua  Hall  his  Book  bought  at  the  sail  of  Joseph  Darby's  Estate 
November  20.  1810. 

Sanders  Darby  Son  of  Simon  Darby  and  Jane  His  wife  was  Born 
August  15th  1766. 

Oliver  Darby  son  of  Simon  Darby  and  Jane  His  wife  was  Born 
December  the  17th  1767. 

Mary  Darby  Daughter  of  Simon  Darby  and  Jane  His  wife  was  Born 
April  the  25th  1770. 

Elizabeth  Darby  Daughter  of  Ephraim  Darby  and  Elizabeth  His  wife 
was  Born  April  the  9th  1768. 

MEMORIAL  TO  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN. — On  Thursday  afternoon, 
July  7,  1910,  a  memorial  tablet  to  Benjamin  Franklin  was  unveiled  in 
the  Ecton  Church,  Northamptonshire,  England,  the  parish  church  of  his 
ancestors  for  many  centuries,  in  the  presence  of  a  number  of  Americans, 
who  came  from  London.  On  the  tablet  is  a  medallion  portrait  of 
Franklin,  and  the  following  inscription  : — 

BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 

BORN  JANUARY  7,  1706;  DIED  APRIL  17,  1790. 

HIS  ANCESTORS  WERE  BORN  IN 

THIS  VILLAGE,  AND  MANY  OF 

HIS  RELATIONS  ARE  BURIED  IN  THIS  CHURCHYARD. 

"I  HAVE  LIVED  FOR  A  LONG  TIME 

(81  YEARS),  AND  THE  LONGER  I 

LIVE,    THE   MORE   CONVINCING  PROOF 

I   SEE   OF   THIS   TRUTH   THAT   GOD 
GOVERNS   IN   THE   AFFAIRS    OF   MEN." 

Mr.  R.  Newton  Crane,  the  donor  of  the  tablet,  made  the  presentation 
address,  and  Mr.  John  L.  Griffiths,  Consul  General  of  the  United  States, 
in  London,  delivered  the  oration.  Canon  Jephson  accepted  the  tablet, 
and  also  reminded  his  hearers,  that  the  two  gravestones  of  Thomas  and 
Eleanor  Franklin  had  been  recut  and  replaced,  and  the  chimes  in  the 
tower  of  the  church  had  been  secured  through  the  efforts  of  Thomas 
Franklin,  the  uncle  of  the  great  American  statesman. 

The  tablet  is  the  work  of  Mr.  Fritz  Roselieb,  who  is  now  in  Os- 
borne  executing  Queen  Alexandra's  design  for  a  memorial  of  Queen 
Victoria. 


Notes  and  Queries. 


491 


EOLL  OF  CAPTAIN  DANIEL  REIFF' s  COMPANY  IN  THE  REVOLU- 
TION, FROM  EAST  OLEY,  BERKS  COUNTY,  PENNSYLVANIA,  MAY, 
1777.  Contributed  by  Rev.  A.  Stapleton,  Jersey  Shore,  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Hitherto  no  roll  of  Captain  Reiff's  company  has  been  found.  That 
which  appears  in  vol.  V.,  5th  Series,  Penna.  Arch.,  p.  272,  is  a  class  roll 
and  of  later  date.  The  present  roll  was  found  among  the  papers  of 
Capt.  Reiff  in  the  possession  of  his  great-grandson  in  1909.  By  a  refer- 
ence to  page  163,  vol.  V.,  5th  Series,  Penna.  Arch.,  it  will  be  seen  that 
all  the  company  officers  there  given  are  in  this  list. 


1  Alstadt,  Nicholas 

2  Barr,  Paul 

3  Bast,  Michael 

4  Barker,  Valentine 

5  Bertolet,  John 

6  Bertolet,  John  (son) 

7  Bechtel,  John 

8  Bidding,  Henry 

9  Boyer,  Nicholas 

10  Coiley,  John 

11  DeTurk,  Abraham 

12  DeTurk,  Philip 

13  Focht,  George 

14  Frye,  Jacob 

15  Gelbach,  Jacob 

16  Guldin,  Jacob 

17  Gebhard,  Michael 

18  Hoch,  Daniel 

19  Hoch,  Samuel 

20  Herbein,  David 

21  Herbein,  Jacob 

22  Hoffman,  Casper 

23  Holder,  George 

24  Hertziger,  Andrew 

25  Hollenbush,  Peter 

26  Hunter,  Daniel 

27  Huffnagel,  John 

28  Hollenbush,  Christ 

29  Hunter,  Frederick 

30  legh,  Michael 

31  Kelchner,  John 

32  Kelchner,  Jacob 

33  Krone,  Henry 

34  Knabb,  Peter 

35  Keely,  Martin 

36  Knabb,  Nicholas 

37  Kersten,  Henry 


38  Leinbach,  Daniel 

39  Langs,  Mich 

40  Mosser,  Mathias 

41  Moone,  Peter 

42  Mannmiller,  Daniel 

43  Mayerly,  Frederick 

44  Miller,  Philip 

45  Nine,  Daniel 

46  Path,  Daniel 

47  Peters,  Daniel 

48  Reier,  Daniel 

49  Reiter,  Lawrence 

50  Reiter,  Michael 

51  Reise,  Henry 

52  Reise,  David 

53  Reiff,  Daniel 

54  Reiff,  Philip 

55  Schreader,  Anthony 

56  Sauerbeer,  Conrad 

57  Scheffer,  John 

58  Scheffer,  Peter 

59  Scheffer,  Yost 

60  Schoemaker,  William 

61  Schneider,  Daniel 

62  Schneider,  Jacob  (weaver) 

63  Schneider,  Elias 

64  Schneider,  Conrad 

65  Stitzel,  John 

66  Savage,  William 

67  Schwartz,  George 

68  Truckenmiller,  John 

69  Windbigler,  William 

70  Wagoner,  George 

71  Wesner,  Martin 

72  Wiest,  Jacob,  Jr. 

73  Wensel,  Daniel 

74  Wensel,  Christopher 


492 


Notes  and  Queries. 


CLASS  LIST  OF  CAPT  DANIEL  REIFF'S  COMPANY,    EAST  OLBY, 

BERKS  COUNTY,  1777. 


No. 

3  Alstadt,  John 

6  Alstadt,  Jacob 

7  Barr,  Paul 

4  Barker,  Val 

3  Bertolet,  John 

6  Bertolet,  John  Fred. 

1  Bechtel,  John 
3  Bitting,  Henry 

5  Boyer,  Nicholas 
3  Bantzel,  Charles 

6  Bantzel,  George 

3  DeTurk,  Abraham 

2  DeTurk,  Philip 

8  Fullerst,  Christ 
2  Guldin,  Daniel 
8  Gebhart,  Mich 

5  Hollenbush,  Peter 

4  Hoch,  Daniel 

5  Hoch,  Samuel 

7  Hollenbush,  Christian 

8  Herbein,  Jacob 
2  Herbein,  David 

1  Hertziger,  Andrew 

2  Hoofnagel,  John 

6  Hoofnagel,  Peter 
5  Hunter,  Nicholas 
8  legh,  Michael 

1  Knabb,  Peter 
8  Knabb,  Nich 

8  Kelchner,  John 

7  Kelchner,  Jacob 
5  Kepple,  Martin 

2  Kerston,  Henry 

8  Leinback,  Danl  1  Lieut 


4  Lorah,  George 

6  Love,  Jacob 

4  Laucks,  Jacob 
1  Miller,  Philip 

3  Myerly,  Fred 

7  Mannmiller,  Dan 

4  Moone,  Peter 

1  Mellon,  Samuel 
7  Nein,  Daniel 

5  Ohnmacht,  Fred 

3  Othenheimer,  Philip 

6  Path,  John 

7  Reiff,  Daniel,  Capt. 

5  Keiff,  Philip,  2  Lieut, 

2  Reiss,  David 

8  Reppert,  John 

7  Reiss,  Henry 
2  Rees,  Mich 

2  Reiger,  Henry 

4  Reider,  Mich 

2  Spatz,  Christian 

5  Schiffer,  John 

6  Schneider,  Daniel 

2  Schneider,  Jacob  (weaver) 

4  Schwartz,  George 

8  Savage,  William 

5  Schneider,  Conrad 
1  Schraeder,  Engle 

5  Truckenmiller,  John 
8  Truckenmiller,  Char 

4  Techer,  Jacob 
1  Wiest,  Jacob 

5  Windbigler,  Christo 
8  Wagoner,  George. 

68  names. 


LETTER  OF  ROBERT  MORRIS  TO  GENERAL  ANTHONY  WAYNE. 

The  following  letter  from  Robert  Morris  to  Anthony  Wayne,  in  my 
possession,  seems  to  me  of  sufficient  importance  for  a  place  in  the 
magazine.  CHARLES  HENRY  HART. 

DEAR  S     •-  PHILADA.  27th  March  1795 

When  I  have  proved  so  bad  a  Correspondent  to  you,  and  others  who 
ought  to  be  more  punctual  in  writing,  are  probably  not  more  so,  You 
have  good  reason  for  saying  as  you  do  in  your  letter  of  the  16th  of  De- 
cember *  *  *  "that  you  are  apparently  neglected  &  forgot.'3  But 
altho  your  Friends  may  be  chargeable  with  neglect  in  writing,  You  have 
taken  care  that  they  shall  not  forget  you.  The  Campaigne  has  ended 
so  much  to  your  honor  &  the  benefit  of  the  Country  that  they  think  & 
speak  of  you  with  gratitude  &  pleasure.  Whatever  Gr.  Simcoes  views 
might  have  been,  the  check  which  you  have  given  to  the  Savages  and 
the  Treaty  which  Mr  Jay  has  negotiated  with  the  Court  of  Great  Britain, 


Notes  and  Queries.  493 

will  have  put  an  end  to  them  and  I  expect  the  Commanders  in  Canada 
will  no  longer  attempt  to  support  the  Indians  in  Hostile  Measures 
against  the  United  States,  wherefore  it  is  expected  that  a  Peace  will  be 
effected  at  the  intended  Treaty.  You  however  will  be  too  much  on  your 
Guard  to  admit  a  possibility  of  any  after  Game  being  played  by  the 
Savages  to  the  discomfiture  of  your  brave  Legion.  I  have  taken  my 
leave  of  all  Public  Service  and  declined  the  offers  of  my  Friends  in  the 
Legislature  to  re-elect  me  to  the  Senate,  because  I  am  arrived  at  that 
Period  of  Life  when  a  man  of  business  should  settle  his  affairs,  and  mine 
are  so  extensive  that  the  whole  of  my  time  is  requisite  to  that  object. 
I  will  not  therefore  write  anything  relative  to  Politicks,  leaving  that 
subject  to  the  rulers  for  the  time  being.  Whenever  the  Welfare  of  your 
Country  will  admit  your  return  among  your  Friends  You  shall  find  as 
warm  and  welcome  a  reception  from  me  as  from  any  person  whose  esteem 
you  value.  I  am  Dear  General  your  sincere  Friend  and  obedient  Servant 

ROBT.  MORRIS 

To  GENL.  WAYNE,  Commander  in  Chief. 

Endorsed  by  WAYNE.  "27th  March  1796 /  from/  the  HONBLE  KOBT. 
MORRIS/" 

A  VALLEY  FORGE  MUSTER  ROLL.  The  Hon.  P.  C.  Knox,  Secre- 
tary of  State,  recently  presented  to  the  Commissioners  of  Valley  Forge 
Park,  the  muster  roll  of  Captain  John  Henry's  Company  of  First  Regi- 
ment of  Continental  Artillery,  dated  at  Valley  Forge  June  5,  1778, 
about  ten  days  before  it  started  to  intercept  the  retreating  British  army 
from  Philadelphia. 

Charles  Harrison,  of  Virginia,  was  commissioned  Nov.  30,  1776, 
Colonel  of  the  Virginia  regiment  of  Artillery,  and  on  the  organization 
of  the  First  Regiment  Continental  Artillery,  composed  of  batteries  from 
Virginia  and  Maryland,  its  Colonel,  to  rank  from  Nov.  30,  1776.  Bat- 
teries of  this  regiment  participated  in  all  principal  battles  of  the  war. 
He  was  mustered  out  of  service  in  June  of  1783.  John  Henry  served 
in  the  Canada  campaign  and  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  assault  on  Quebec 
in  December,  1775,  and  after  his  exchange  was  commissioned  Cornet, 
First  Continental  Dragoons  June  14,  1776,  promoted  Lieutenant,  Dec. 
24,  1776;  resigned  Feb.  20,  1777.  He  re-entered  the  army  as  Captain 
of  the  10th  Company,  First  Continental  Artillery  Regiment,  to  rank  from 
Feb.  1,  1777;  resigned  from  the  service  Aug.  27,  1778. 

CORRECTIONS  TO  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCH  OF  JOSEPH  Fox. — 

The  following  was  omitted  by  mistake  from  the  Biographical  Sketch 
of  Joseph  Fox,  vol.  xxxii.,  p.  197.  These  are  the  eldest  two  children 
of  Samuel  M.  and  Sarah  Pleasants  Fox.  The  rest  of  the  list  is  cor- 
rectly given. 

Part  way  down  the  same  page,  the  name  of  Joseph  Mickle  Fox  is 
given  as  head  of  a  family.  The  first  paragraph  should  have  been 
printed  in  larger  type  as  is  the  rest  of  the  matter  concerning  him. 

Issue  of  Samuel  Mickle  and  Sarah  Pleasants  Fox : 

Samuel  Mickle  Fox,  bora  October  25,  1799;  died  February  12,  1848; 
married  Hannah  Emlen. 

Mary  Pleasants  Fox,  born  September  29,  1790;  died  January  16,  1872; 
married  November  20,  1813,  William  Wharton  Fisher,  born  October  1, 
1786,  son  of  James  C.  and  Hannah  (Wharton)  Fisher. 


494  Notes  and  Queries. 

LETTER  OF  JAMES  MCHENRY  TO  ELIAS  BOUDINOT,  1778. 

HEAD  QUARTERS  NEAR  BRUNSWICK 

2  July  1778. 

DEAR  SIR. — I  would  beg  leave  to  trouble  you  with  the  several  in- 
closures — That  for  Edenton  you  will  be  pleased  to  put  into  the  care  of 
one  of  the  Delegates  from  N.  Carolina  to  be  forwarded  as  soon  as  conven- 
ient, in  a  manner  that  may  save  postage,  or  by  the  first  messenger  sent 
that  way — I  hope  those  for  Baltimore  will  not  be  neglected. 

I  sincerely  congratulate  you  on  the  signal  success  of  our  arms  on  the 
fields  of  Monmouth  the  28  ultimo — Had  matters  been  conducted  that 
morning  agreeable  to  the  system  for  attack,  it  is  more  than  probable  that 
their  whole  army  would  have  been  routed.  Everything  was  in  a  fine 
temper  for  a  total  defeat — their  men  fatigued,  murmuring,  and  in  a  state 
of  uncertainty  as  to  their  destination — with  their  leaders  much  alarmed 
and  discouraged  by  uncommon  desertions — An  inquiry  is  now  on  foot 
into  the  cause  of  the  advanced  corps  recoiling.  Gen.  Lee  who  had  the 
command  is  under  arrest. 

I  am  happy  to  have  it  in  my  power  to  mention  the  merit  of  your  friend 
Haming. — He  was  incessant  in  his  endeavours  during  the  whole  day — in 
reconnoitering  the  enemy,  and  in  rallying  and  charging. — But  whether 
he  or  Col.  Laurens  deserves  most  of  our  commendation  is  somewhat 
doubtful — both  had  their  horses  shot  under  them,  and  both  exhibited 
singular  proofs  of  bravery.  They  seemed  to  court  death  under  our 
doubtful  circumstances,  and  triumphed  over  it  as  the  face  of  war  changed 
in  our  favor. — Independent  of  any  prejudice  I  may  have  conceived  for 
Colonel  Laurens  in  consequence  of  his  virtues,  I  cannot  but  speak  of 
him  in  terms  of  the  highest  military  deserving. — Colonel  Fitzgerald  also, 
and  Colonel  Mead  claim  the  greatest  encomiums — The  former  received 
a  slight  contusion.  Even  the  Secretaries  caught  the  general  contagion, 
and  had  the  audacity  to  put  themselves  in  places  of  danger,  and  to  share 
some  of  the  honors  of  the  day. 

I  wish  I  could  do  justice  to  his  Excellency;  but  you  will  hear  of  his 
conduct  and  the  singular  talents  which  he  unfolded  with  the  effects  they 
produced  in  the  complexionary  the  combat  from  other  hands. 

With  much  respect  and  esteem  I  am  sir  your  most  obt  &  very  humble 
servant. 

JAMES 

ELIAS  BOUDINOT   ESQUIRE. 


LETTER  OF  HON.  WILLIAM  FIHDLEY  TO  GEN.  WILLIAM  IRVINE. 

_          ^  March  30,  1798. 

DEAR  SIR, 

Knowing  that  you  see  the  trains  of  bussiness  in  the  papers  and  that 
Mr.  Gregg  writes  to  you,  I  write  seldomer  than  I  would  otherwise.  You 
will  have  observed  that  after  Congress  had  rejected  the  presidents  recom- 
mendation for  arming  the  Merchant  ships  last  summer  and  postponed 
the  decision  on  it,  this  session.  The  president  has  discovered  that  he 
can  carry  War  into  the  Ocean  by  his  own  authority  and  has  consequently 
authorized  the  Merchant  ships  to  arm  without  even  those  restrictions  de- 
signed by  the  friends  of  this  measure  in  the  House.  Observing  that  we 
were  to  be  led  into  War  peice  meal,  and  that  it  was  understood  by  a  party 


Notes  and  Queries.  495 

that  the  power  of  declaring  war  vested  in  Congress  was  no  more  than 
the  power  of  a  Herald.  We  have  endeavoured  to  procure  an  explana- 
tion by  a  negative  Resolution  declaring  that  it  was  not  expedient  in  the 
present  state  of  things  to  go  to  War.  This  has  occasioned  hot  blood  and 
puts  many  Members  in  a  delicate  situation.  Many  argue  against  the 
Resolution  who  say  they  will  vote  for  it.  A  direct  vote  for  War  is  a 
little  unpopulour  the  question  has  been  discussed  three  days  and  is  likely 
to  be  debated  much  longer.  In  the  course  of  this  debate  Harper  has  out- 
done all  his  former  exertions  in  asserting  falsehoods  and  in  pouring  out 
torrents  of  abuse.  He  asserted  numerous  and  absolute  falsehoods  re- 
specting our  conduct  in  the  winter  of  1793,  of  this  you  come  in  for  a 
share. 

You  will  have  observed  that  the  president  did  not  send  us  the  commu- 
nications he  received  from  the  Commissioners  but  his  own  deductions 
from  them.  We  might  have  made  other  deductions.  It  is  whispered 
that  Tallyrand,  who  was  taken  by  the  hand  in  this  country  by  Hamilton 
and  his  Junto  for  two  years,  and  who  not  only  knows  the  secret  conduct 
and  views  of  our  Cabinet,  but  is  said  to  have  an  alphebetical  list  of  all 
the  prominent  persons  in  our  country,  with  their  character,  it  is  said  he 
has  stated  some  disagreeable  facts  to  our  Commissioners  from  his  own 
knowledge,  and  has  distinguished  them  according  his  knowledge  of  their 
own  characters.  This  is  said  to  be  the  secret  that  it  would  be  impru- 
dent to  divulge.  This  Man  under  the  title  of  Bishop  of  Atun  was  an 
early  Revolutionist  and  was  the  real  Minister  at  London  when  Chawve- 
lin  was  the  ostensible  one.  He  staid  for  sometime  after  Chawvelin  was 
dismissed,  came  from  there  to  this  country  during  the  tyranny  of  Rober- 

speir  and  associated  with  D &c,  but  was  a  Republican  and  never 

prescribed.  The  Senate  have  voted  for  the  purchase  of  12  additional 
Frigates,  but  they  will  probably  restrain  the  president  from  taking  those 
offered  by  Listan.  If  so  it  is  probable  that  the  bussiness  with  France 
and  Britain  may  be  settled  before  our  fleet  sets  to  sea.  I  believe  the  bill 
for  arming  the  Merchant  Vessells  would  have  been  rejected,  but  the 
president  having  so  decidedly  thrown  his  weight  in  the  other  scale.  I 
suppose  he  will  be  supported.  We  will  all  agree  to  provide  for  internal 
defence,  the  contest  is  about  carrying  war  into  the  Ocean  to  protect  the 
produce  and  manufactures  of  Britain.  It  is  the  cause  of  the  other 
neutral  Nations  as  well  as  ours.  If  these  expensive  measures  succeeds 
new  taxes  must  follow.  A  direct  tax  must  be  raised  when  the  means  of 
paying  it  are  cut  off.  A  few  weeks  will  determine  these  points. 

I  am  with  great  respect, 

Your  obed*  Serv* 

WM.  FINDLEY 
GENL  IRVINE 

By  every  private  as  well  as  public  [advice]  a  Convulsion  if  not  a 
Revolution  is  not  far  off  in  Britain  even  if  France  should  not  invade  it. 

BENJAMIN  WEST'S  HOLOGRAPH  MANUSCRIPT  COLLECTIONS. — 

The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  has  recently  acquired  Benja- 
min West's  original  holograph  collections;  original  drawings  and  paint- 
ings by  him,  together  with  many  Royal  autographs  and  others  of  well 
known  artists  extra  illustrating  Gait's  Life  of  West,  in  seven  handsomely 
bound  royal  folio  volumes. 


496  Notes  and  Queries. 

There  are  no  less  than  313  letters  or  manuscripts  in  West's  autograph, 
including  original  drafts  of  several  of  his  letters  to  George  III,  the  origi- 
nal drafts  of  his  famous  Presidential  addresses  to  the  Eoyal  Academy, 
besides  a  mass  of  original  and  unpublished  papers  dealing  with  the 
Royal  Academy,  his  numerous  pictures  painted  for  the  English  Eoyal 
Family,  nobility  and  clergy,  his  payments  to  Bartolozzi,  etc. 

There  are  17  original  and  important  drawings  by  West,  the  majority 
of  which  bear  his  signature,  besides  46  engravings  after  his  greatest 
pictures,  including  a  superb  colored  impression  of  the  famous  print 
"The  West  Family."  There  are  no  less  than  31  portraits  of  West,  en- 
graved at  different  periods  of  his  life,  including  the  rare  portrait  pub- 
lished in  1768,  and  a  fine  impression  of  Lawrenson's  famous  mezzotint. 

The  majority  of  the  532  autograph  letters  are  addressed  by  distin- 
guished persons  of  the  reigns  of  George  II  and  George  III  to  West  him- 
self. Commencing  with  Royalty,  there  are  letters  of  George  III  and 
his  consort  Queen  Charlotte,  also  of  George  II,  George  IV,  William  IV, 
and  the  Duke  of  Kent,  James,  the  "Old  Pretender,"  Catherine  the 
Great,  of  Russia,  Louis  XIV,  Louis  XV,  Louis  XVI,  and  Napoleon  I, 
Charles  V  (Emperor  of  the  West),  and  Lorenzo  de  Medicis  ("The 
Magnificent"). 

There  are  letters  of  Poussin  and  his  great  contemporary  Salvator  Rosa, 
and  of  more  modern  date  of  Reynolds,  Harlow,  Lawrence,  Flaxmen, 
and  fine  autographs  of  Sir  Christopher  Wren,  William  Penn,  Franklin, 
Washington,  Burke,  Lord  Chatham,  Lord  Howe,  John  Wilkes,  Hunter 
(the  great  surgeon),  Fox,  Pitt,  Spencer,  Percival,  Wellington,  etc. 

West's  original  catalogue  which  contains  full  particulars  of  his  173 
pictures  and  original  drawings,  which  were  offered  to  the  United  States 
after  West's  death. 

Two  framed  oil  portraits  of  George  III  and  Queen  Charlotte,  by 
West,  and  the  portrait  by  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence  of  West.  This  wonder- 
ful collection,  truly  a  monument  to  one  of  Pennsylvania's  greatest  sons, 
is  being  arranged  for  exhibition  during  the  coming  winter. 

LETTER  OF  GEN.  WASHINGTON  TO  GEN.  SMALLWOOD  DATED  AT 
VALLEY  FORGE  IN  MARCH  or  1778. 

HEAD  QUARTERS  VALLEY  FORGE  21st  March  1778 
DEAR  SIR 

I  have  your  fav/x  of  the  20th.  I  think  the  steps  you  are  taking  in  re- 
gard to  removing  what  Forage  can  be  carried  off  and  destroying  what 
cannot,  are  very  proper  As  it  is  more  than  probable  that  the  Enemy  will 
attempt  a  stroke  at  you  with  a  superior  Force,  nothing  more  ought  to  be 
kept  at  the  post  than  is  absolutely  necessary.  I  would  therefore  have 
you  immediately  send  four  pieces  of  your  Artillery  with  the  Ammuni- 
tion Waggons  belonging  to  them  to  this  Camp,  reserving  the  four  pieces 
that  are  lightest. 

I  desire  you  will  write  to  Maryland  to  have  the  Recruits  sent  on  to 
join  their  respective  Reg.  as  fast  as  they  are  raised.  The  sooner  they 
join  the  less  is  the  loss  from  stragling  and  deserting.  Added  to  this  we 
are  in  great  want  of  Men. 

Be  pleased  to  say  whether  you  reed,  the  Swords  and  Pistols  that  were 
returned  and  what  is  the  Cost  of  the  Articles  I  retained.  I  am  Dear  Sir 

Yr  most  ob*.  Ser*. 

GEN1.  SMALLWOOD.  G°.  WASHINGTON 


Notes  and  Queries.  497 

LETTER  FROM  GEN.  JOHN  SULLIVAN,  TO  JOHN  HANCOCK,  Octo- 
ber, 6th,  1777;  defending  his  actions  at  the  battle  of  Brandy  wine.  The 
letter  was  written  while  the  army  was  encamped  around  Pennypacker's 
Mills,  on  the  Perkiomen  creek. 

CAMP  PERKIOMEN  Oct.  6,  1777. 
DEAR  SIR, 

Since  writing  the  letter  which  accompanies  this,  I  have  had  no  oppor- 
tunity of  forwarding  my  papers  to  Congress,  and  beg  leave  to  trouble 
Congress  with  some  remarks  upon  the  severe,  and  I  think  very  unjust 
censure  cast  upon  me  respecting  the  intelligence  sent  by  me  to  Gen. 
Washington  the  day  of  the  battle  of  Brandywine.  I  wish  only  to  ac- 
quaint Congress  with  the  facts.  It  was  even  my  opinion  that  the  enemy 
would  come  round  on  our  right  flank.  This  opinion  I  often  gave  the 
General.  I  wrote  him  that  morning  that  it  was  clearly  my  opinion.  I 
sent  him  two  messages  to  the  same  purpose  in  the  forenoon,  and  the  very 
first  intelligence  that  I  received  that  they  were  actually  coming  that  way, 
I  instantly  communicated  to  him.  After  which  the  General  sent  me 
word  to  cross  the  Brandywine  with  my  division,  and  attack  the  enemy's 
left,  while  the  army  crossed  below  me  to  attack  their  right.  This  I  was 
preparing  to  do,  when  Major  Spear  came  to  me,  and  informed  me  that 
he  was  from  the  upper  country;  that  he  had  come  in  the  road  where  the 
enemy  must  have  passed  to  attack  our  right,  and  that  there  was  not  the 
least  appearance  of  them  in  that  quarter;  and  added  that  Gen.  Washing- 
ton had  sent  him  out  for  the  purpose  of  discovering  whether  the  enemy 
were  in  that  quarter.  The  account  was  confirmed  by  a  Sergeant  Tucker 
of  the  light  horse,  sent  by  me  on  purpose  to  make  discoveries,  and  had 
passed  on,  as  he  said,  to  Lancaster  Road.  This  intelligence  did  by  no 
means  alter  my  opinion,  which  was  founded,  not  upon  any  knowledge  I 
had  of  the  facts,  but  upon  an  apprehension  that  Gen.  Howe  would  take 
that  advantage  which  any  good  officer  in  his  situation  would  have  done. 
I  considered  however  that  if  my  opinion  or  the  intelligence  I  had  sent 
the  General  had  brought  him  into  a  plan  of  attacking  the  enemy  on  the 
advantageous  heights,  they  were  possessed  of,  and  a  defeat  should  follow, 
that  I  should  be  justly  censured  for  withholding  from  him  part  of  the 
intelligence  I  had  received,  and  thereby  brought  on  the  defeat  of  our 
army.  I  therefore  sat  down  and  wrote  Major  Spear's  account,  from  his 
own  mouth,  and  forwarded  it  to  His  Excellency  by  a  light  horseman, 
and  ordered  the  Major  to  follow  himself.  I  never  gave  a  comment,  or 
gave  my  opinion  upon  the  matter.  Col.  Harrison,  a  member  from  Vir- 
ginia, is  possessed  of  a  copy  of  the  letter,  as  the  General's  Aid-de-Camp 
informs  me.  I  beg  Congress  to  see  it,  and  then  judge  whether  I  could 
have  been  excused  for  withholding  that  intelligence  merely  because  my 
opinion  did  not  coincide  with  the  declaration.  Had  the  General  crossed 
over,  left  his  own  advantageous  post,  and  found  the  whole  British  army 
well  posted  in  his  front,  and  his  army  put  to  the  rout,  having  a  river 
unfordable  in  rear,  except  in  one  or  two  places,  and  most  of  his  troops 
pushed  into  it,  which  must  inevitably  been  the  case  if  he  was  defeated: 
I  say  if  this  had  all  happened  (which  was  at  least  possible)  and  he  had 
afterwards  found  out  that  I  had  received  and  withheld  the  intelligence 
which  might  have  prevented  this  misfortune  and  demanded  my  reasons, 
I  believe  I  never  should  have  been  able  to  give  one  which  would  be 
satisfactory  to  him  or  Congress,  or  to  the  world.  I  know  it  to  be  part 

VOL.    XXXIV. — 32 


498  Notes  and  Queries. 

of  my  duty,  to  give  him  every  intelligence  I  received  without  withhold- 
ing any  part  of  it  because  it  does  not  coincide  with  my  own  opinion,  and 
I  as  well  know  it  is  exceeding  hard  to  be  censured  for  doing  my  duty, 
which  has  been  too  much  the  case  with  me  since  I  have  been  in  the  army. 
I  must  beg  leave  to  make  an  observation  upon  the  latter  part  of  Col. 
Price's  testimony  respecting  the  Staten  Island  expedition.  He  gave  it 
as  his  opinion  that  one  brigade  should  have  recrossed  when  he  crossed 
in  the  morning.  When  it  is  known  that  Gen.  Smallwood  had  retreated 
two  miles  and  a  half  from  the  fork  of  the  road  that  leads  there  in  order 
to  form  a  junction  with  me;  that  part  of  the  enemy  kept  even  with  him 
all  the  way,  and  the  residue  followed  in  his  rear;  that  they  were  between 
him  and  the  ferry,  and  on  his  flank  if  he  had  been  sent  back,  it  requires 
no  great  share  of  military  knowledge  to  see  the  madness  of  separating 
my  forces,  and  sending  one  part  to  be  first  sacrificed,  that  the  others 
might  afterward  be  cut  to  pieces  with  the  greatest  ease.  I  must  add  to 
this  that  a  tender  lay  near  to  that  place,  which  in  ten  minutes  might  have 
completely  possessed  the  place  we  had  crossed  at,  and  have  prevented 
all  possibility  of  passing.  What  must  have  been  the  fate  of  this  brigade 
if  I  had  ordered  them  over  in  that  place,  and  marched  the  other  off  at  a 
distance  of  eight  miles,  may  easily  be  conceived.  I  have  ever  conceived 
it  dangerous  when  it  remains  doubtful,  whether  the  whole  force  under 
an  officer's  command  is  capable  to  combat  and  vanquish  the  enemy,  to 
divide  his  forces  and  send  them  by  different  routes  and  put  it  in  the 
power  of  the  enemy  to  follow  either  party,  with  an  assurance  of  their 
own  superiority  of  numbers,  and  the  certainty  of  the  inferiority  of  the 
party  they  wish  to  destroy.  I  have  been  thus  particular  because  I  know 
some  of  my  officers  have  condemned  my  conduct,  because  I  did  not  adopt 
the  plan  mentioned  by  Col.  Price.  I  hope  Congress  will  excuse  the 
length  of  my  letters,  as  they  will  not  in  future  be  troubled  with  many 
letters  from, 

Your  Most  Obed*.  Servant, 

JOHN  SULLIVAN. 
His  EXCELLENCY  JOHN  HANCOCK,  ESQ. 


(Queries. 

WHO  WAS  THE  ARCHITECT  OF  THE  STATE  HOUSE,  ANDREW  HAM- 
ILTON or  EDMUND  WOOLLEY  ?  The  original  of  the  following  receipt 
is  in  the  Penn  Papers  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. — 

The  Honourable  John  Penn  Esquire  Dr. 

To  drawing  the  Elivation  of  the  Frount,  one  End  the  Roof  Balconey, 
Chimneys  and  Torret  of  the  State  House,  With  the  fronts  and  Plans  of 
the  Two  offiscis  and  Piazzas  allso  the  Plans  of  the  first  and  second 
floors  of  the  State  House. 

Edmund  Woolley  £5.  0.  0. 

Reed  the  22d  of  July  1786  of  James  Steel  the  above  mentioned  five 
Pounds 

$  me  EDMUND  WOOLLEY. 


Notes  and  Queries. 


499 


A  COMMITTEE  OF  THE  ALUMNI  OF  ALL  DEPARTMENTS  OF  THE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA  is  PREPARING  A  CATALOGUE  to  con- 
tain all  the  graduates  and  non-graduate  matriculates  of  the  University. 
We  append  a  list  of  the  Medical  graduates  of  whom  the  committee  has 
no  information.  Our  readers  will  lighten  not  a  little  the  difficult  labors 
of  the  committee  in  collecting  data  of  these  graduates  if  they  send  at 
once  whatever  information  they  may  have  to  Dr.  Ewing  Jordan,  1510 
Walnut  St.,  Philadelphia. 

Information  is  especially  desired  as  to  full  name,  parents'  names,  full 
date  and  place  of  birth  and  of  death,  if  married,  wife's  name,  academic 
degrees  received,  prominent  positions  held,  and  any  printed  reference  to 
the  men  named. 


1821 

Banks,  Richard  Ga. 

Beattie,  Francis  Smith  N.  Y. 

Branham,  Horace  William  Va. 

Brick,  John  N.  J. 

Byrd,  Charles  Carter  Va. 
Carter,Theodorick  Archibald  Va. 

Christian,  Jones  Oliver  Va. 

Christian,  Wyatt  Va. 

Claiborne,  George  Va. 

Coleman,  Littleton  Goodwin  Va. 

Coleman,  Littleton  Hardy  N.  C. 

Cook,  Ezekiel  Cooper  Pa. 

Costill,  Okey  Hoagland  N.  J. 

Cuthbert,  Edward  S.  C. 

Dunn,  Theophilus  Colhoun  N.  Y. 

Freedley,  Samuel  Pa. 

Gray,  William  Md. 

Griffith,  Joseph  Pa. 

Hendree,  John  Va. 

Jackson,  John  Skinner  N.  C. 

Jones,  Isaac  Newton  N.  C. 

Jones,  William  Lyttleton  Md. 

Lea,  William  Wilson  A.  M.  Tenn. 

Lee,  William  Franklin  S.  C. 

Lockett,  Cullen  Ga. 

Maxwell,  William  M.  Va. 

Old,  Thomas  Va. 

Page,  Thomas  N.  J. 

Pipkin,  Isaac  N.  C. 

Plater,  William  Md. 

Price,  William  Smith  S.  C. 

Rhees,  Benjamin  Rush  Pa. 

Royster,  Richard  Watkins  Va. 

Russell,  John  Pa. 

Scott,  Edward  Pegram  Va. 

Shorb,  James  A.  Md. 

Shore,  Henry  Edwin  Va. 

Short,  Richard  Va. 


Berkeley,  Edmund  Va. 

Blanding,  Shubel  S.  C. 

Cabell,  Landon  Rose  Va. 

Carthy,  Thomas  L.  N.  C. 

Cooke,  James  Va. 

Curtis,  Francis  Orlando  S.  C. 

Durkee,  Robert  Aloysius  Md. 

Elkinton,  John  Abraham  N.  J. 

Ellis,  Benjamin  Pa. 

Faddis,  Thomas  J.  N.  C. 

Fennel,  William  W.  Va. 

Garrison,  Charles  N.  J. 

Green,  Jonas  Mass. 

Hahn,  William  Buskirk  Pa. 

Haslett,  John  S.  C. 

Jones,  Alexander  Ga. 

Jones,  Samuel  Pa. 

Jordan,  John  Ga. 

Ker,  John  Va. 

Lane,  Levin  Bryan  N.  C. 

Lee,  Francis  Lightfoot  Va. 

Lewis,  Gilley  Marion  Va. 

McCleane,  Samuel  Pa. 

Mathias,  Amos  Griffith  Pa. 

May,  Robert  Pa. 
Meigs,  Ezra  Stiles    Dist.  Columbia 

Milnor,  Robert  Pa. 

Mordecai,  Solomon  Va. 

Morris,  George  W.  Va. 

Moyler,  Benjamin  Henry  Va. 

Mulford,  Isaac  Skillman  N.  J. 

Nelson,  Mann  Page  Va. 
Oldmixon,   George  Augus- 
tus W.                 Great  Britain 

Patterson,  Dugald  S.  C. 

Perry,  Richard  Baugh  Va. 

Pryor,  Matthew  N.  J. 

Quarles,  Moses  S.  C. 

Rainey,  William  Ga. 

Ritchie,  Thomas  Henry  Pa. 


500 


Notes  and  Queries. 


Sandford,  Benjamin  Jr.  Pa. 
Satchell,  Southey  Stewart  Va. 
Smith,  George  Va. 

Spencer,  James  Va. 

Starke,  Robert  D.  Va. 

Stout,  Thomas  Middleton       Del. 
Swift,  John  Dean  Ga. 

Taliaferro,JohnChampe,Jr.  Va. 
Thomas,  Philip  Hungerford  N.  C. 
Tucker,  Henry  Merivale        Pa. 
Turner,  Nathan  N.  C. 

Uhler,  John  Jr.  Pa. 

Wagener,  John  O.  Pa. 

Watson,  Fontaine  Va. 

Wilcox,  Major  Alston  N.  C. 

Williams,  William  Perker  or 

Perkins  Md. 

Willson,  Francis  Albert         Va. 


Skinner,  Josiah  C.  N.  C. 

Smith,  Thomas  S.  C. 

Snyder,  Samuel  C.  Va. 

Stewart,  William  Wardrop  N.  C. 

Stith,  William  Va. 

Stoddert,  Christopher  Md. 

Sturdivant,  Charles  Va. 

Taylor,  Robert  E.  Va. 

Todsen,  George  P.  Mo. 

Underwood,  Jonas  N.  H. 

Van  Meter,  Thomas  Jones  N.  J. 

White,  Stephen  N.  C.  Md. 

1822 

Abernethy,  Augustine  Va. 

Bacon,  William  N.  J. 

Barnwell,  William  Pa. 

Barrington,  Samuel  Pa. 

J900fe 

THE  LIFE  OF  WILLIAM  HENRY,  OF  LANCASTER,  PENNSYLVANIA, 
1729-1786,  PATRIOT,  MILITARY  OFFICER,  INVENTOR  OF  THE  STEAM- 
BOAT. By  Francis  Jordan,  Jr.,  Lancaster,  Pa.  1910.  Pp.  185.  Illus- 
trated. Boulton  Publishing  Co.,  128  North  Front  Street,  Philadelphia. 

It  is  a  characteristic  of  this  biography,  that  letters  and  documents, 
now  for  the  first  time  given  to  the  public,  tell  the  story,  and  not  the 
author,  of  the  conspicuous  activities  of  William  Henry,  who  as  a  mili- 
tary officer  served  through  the  Revolution  ;  of  his  abilities  as  a  financier  ; 
of  his  fame  as  an  inventor ;  his  patriotism  and  devotion  to  the  cause  of 
the  struggling  colonists  for  their  independence  ;  and  as  the  benefactor 
and  first  patron  of  Benjamin  West.  His  correspondence  with  statesmen 
and  officers  of  high  rank,  who  figured  prominently  during  the  Revolu- 
tion, has  a  unique  historical  value. 

William  Henry  sailed  for  England  in  1760,  but  the  vessel  was  captured 
by  a  French  privateer  and  he  did  not  reach  London  for  near  a  year, 
where  he  found  the  public  mind  agitated  over  the  attempt  of  Watts  to 
utilize  steam  as  a  motive  power.  He  visited  Watts  and  witnessed  his 
steam  engine  in  operation,  and  it  was  then  that  Henry  conceived  the 
idea,  which  he  later  perfected,  of  applying  steam  to  marine  navigation. 
His  first  tests  were  made  on  the  Conestoga  Creek,  near  his  home ;  the 
first  boat  sunk  after  a  trial,  owing  to  structural  weakness ;  the  second 
boat  was  a  success.  His  manifold  duties  during  the  Revolution,  and 
after  the  war  in  Congress,  and  his  early  death,  prevented  his  developing 
his  invention  for  commercial  purposes.  John  Fitch  and  the  German 
traveler  Sehoepff,  who  visited  him  and  inspected  his  drawings  and 
models,  both  concede  priority  to  him,  and  the  late  Professor  Thurston, 
of  Cornell,  in  his  history  of  the  steamboat,  awards  to  William  Henry 
the  honor  of  the  first  builder ;  that  Fitch  improved  on  Henry,  and 
Fulton  on  both.  He  also  invented  the  screw  auger.  As  a  contribution 
to  the  history  of  the  Revolution,  and  the  development  of  the  services  of 
a  distinguished  citizen  of  the  Commonwealth,  the  book  is  timely  and 
acceptable. 


Notes  and  Queries.  501 

THE  SWEDISH  SETTLEMENTS  ON  THE  DELAWARE  ;  THEIR  HISTORY 
AND  RELATION  TO  THE  ENGLISH  AND  DUTCH,  1638-1664.  WITH  AN 
ACCOUNT  OF  THE  SOUTH,  THE  NEW  SWEDEN,  AND  THE  AMERICAN 
COMPANIES,  AND  THE  EFFORTS  OF  SWEDEN  TO  REGAIN  THE  COLONY. 
In  Two  Volumes.  By  Amandus  Johnson,  A.M.,  Ph.D.  Philadelphia. 

This  work  is  the  result  of  five  years  of  research  in  the  archives  and 
libraries  of  Sweden,  Holland,  England  and  America.  For  the  first  time 
the  commercial  activities  that  led  up  to  the  founding  of  the  various 
trading  companies  and  the  colony  and  the  preparation  of  the  expedi- 
tions to  the  Delaware  have  been  adequately  treated.  Much  new  light 
has  been  shed  on  the  political  history  of  the  settlements  and  the  relation 
of  the  Swedes  to  the  English,  Dutch  and  Indians,  and  the  social  life  of 
the  colonists,  the  houses  they  built,  the  clothes  they  wore,  the  food  they 
ate,  as  well  as  other  hitherto  neglected  subjects,  have  been  extensively 
treated,  largely  from  recently  discovered  sources.  The  introduction 
gives  a  very  full  account  of  Sweden,  its  political,  commercial,  social, 
religious  and  educational  conditions  during  the  first  half  of  the  17th 
century  and  enables  the  reader  to  understand  and  appreciate  the  condi- 
tions in  New  Sweden.  The  work  is  published  in  two  volumes  of  about 
400  pages  each,  and  illustrated  by  over  one  hundred  reproductions  of 
old  maps,  original  sketches  of  forts,  drawings  of  buildings,  etc.,  and 
Indian  deeds  as  well  as  other  documents. 

The  price  per  volume,  bound  in  green  art  vellum,  gilt  top,  and  gold 
stamped,  is  $2.50.  Only  a  limited  edition  will  be  published,  of  which 
nearly  half  is  already  subscribed  for  in  advance. 

ANNUAL  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  PENNSYLVANIA  SOCIETY  SONS  OF 
THE  REVOLUTION,  1909-1910.  Philadelphia,  1910.  8vo.  pp.  95. 
Illustrated. 

The  Year  Book  of  this  patriotic  hereditary  Society,  in  addition  to  the 
lists  of  its  officers  and  managers,  and  the  proceedings  of  the  twenty- 
second  annual  meeting,  contains  a  historical  sketch  of  Christ  Church, 
by  Charles  Henry  Jones,  Esq.,  and  the  annual  sermon  by  the  Rev.  Louis 
Cope  Washburn,  S.  T.D.,  rector  of  that  church,  on  "The  Secret  of 
Leadership  and  Its  Challenge  to  Patriotism,"  based  on  Col.  1  :  11. 
The  Necrological  Roll,  prepared  by  the  Secretary,  Ethan  Allan  Weaver, 
C.E.,  M.Sc.,  is  a  valuable  contribution  to  the  records  of  the  Society. 

THE  LIFE  AND  TIMES  OF  SENATOR  JAMES  Ross.  By  James  I. 
Brownson,  Esq.  Washington,  Pa.,  1910.  8vo.  52  pp.  Illustrated. 

Senator  Rogs,  whose  grandparents  emigrated  from  County  Antrim, 
Ireland,  prior  to  1723,  was  born  in  York  County,  Penna.,  July  12,  1762. 
After  graduating  at  Princeton,  he  settled  in  Washington  County  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1795,  he  removed  to  Pittsburgh,  where  he 
quickly  took  high  rank  as  a  lawyer.  In  1794,  he  succeeded  Albert 
Gallatin  in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  where  he  became  a  promi- 
nent figure  until  1803,  when  he  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession 
until  his  death,  November  27,  1847.  The  biographical  sketch  of  this 
distinguished  statesman  was  prepared  for  the  Washington  County  His- 
torical Society,  and  the  author's  tribute  to  his  great  talents,  varied 
learning,  high  principles  and  keen  sense  of  honor,  is  a  valuable  contri- 
bution to  the  history  of  the  Commonwealth. 


Notes  and  Queries. 

MEMOIRS  OF  THE  LIFE  AND  WORKS  OF  JEAN  ANTOINE  HOUDON, 
LIFE  SCULPTOR  OF  VOLTAIRE  AND  OF  WASHINGTON.  By  Charles 
Henry  Hart  and  Edward  Biddle.  Royal  square  octavo,  buckram,  uncut, 
350  pages,  with  thirty  photogravure  illustrations.  Edition  350  copies. 
Price  $10. 00  net. 

In  offering  to  the  public  these  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Works  of 
Jean  Antoine  Houdon,  the  greatest  of  French  sculptors,  who  died  in 
1828,  it  seems  strange  that  this  tardy  justice  to  his  genius  should  come 
from  this  side  of  the  ocean  and  that,  while  his  art  is  fully  appreciated  in 
his  own  land,  in  Britain,  and  on  the  continent  of  Europe,  no  one  of  his 
own  tongue  should  have  devoted  a  volume  to  the  extraordinary  career 
of  the  author  of  the  superb  Diana  in  the  Louvre  and  the  wonderful 
seated  Voltaire  in  the  Theatre  Fran9ais.  To  the  American  people 
Houdon  is  very  near,  from  his  having  visited  this  country  and  chiseled 
the  famous  statue  of  Washington  in  the  Capitol  at  Kichmond,  Va.,  as 
also  from  his  having  sculptured  busts  of  Franklin,  Jefferson,  Paul 
Jones,  Lafayette,  Robert  Fulton,  and  Joel  Barlow.  It  was  this  keen 
interest  of  the  writers  that  has  resulted  in  the  present  work,  in  which 
Houdon's  life,  both  as  an  artist  and  as  a  man,  is  traced  with  a  fullness 
that  was  felt  very  difficult  of  accomplishment  when  first  undertaken. 
As  the  material  used  in  this  work  was  chiefly  in  French,  and  a  large 
part  unpublished  manuscripts,  all  the  translations  have  been  made  by 
Mr.  Biddle,  who  has  also  prepared  the  chapters  on  the  statues  of  Mor- 
phee  and  of  Diana,  on  Voltaire  and  on  MolieTe,  Rousseau  and  Mirabeau, 
while  Mr.  Hart  is  responsible  for  those  on  Franklin,  on  the  tomb  of 
Montgomery,  on  John  Paul  Jones,  on  the  lodge  of  the  Nine  Sisters,  on 
Washington,  and  on  Lafayette.  The  other  chapters  are  composite  and 
will  also  contain  a  catalogue  of  Houdon's  known  works  and  also  a  re- 
print of  the  Houdon  sale  catalogue  of  1828,  from  the  unique  copy  in 
the  National  Library  of  Paris. 

The  volume  will  be  printed  by  the  DeVinne  Press  and  illustrated  with 
thirty  large  photogravure  plates  by  the  F.  A.  Ringler  Company,  which 
is  a  certificate  of  their  high  quality.  Address,  308  Walnut  Street, 
Philadelphia. 

PENNSYLVANIA  IN  AMERICAN  HISTORY.  By  Hon.  Samuel  W. 
Pennypacker,  LL.D.  8vo,  504  pp.  Limited  edition  of  750  copies, 
printed  from  type.  William  J.  Campbell,  1623  Chestnut  Street,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

This  volume  consists  of  a  series  of  papers  treating  of  the  part  played 
by  Pennsylvania  in  the  wars  of  the  country,  and  in  the  formation,  de- 
velopment and  preservation  of  the  Union.  All  of  the  papers  are  the 
outcome  of  special  studies,  and  are  almost  exclusively  based  upon  orig- 
inal sources  of  information. 

Writers  of  history  have  done  scant  justice  to  Pennsylvania.  Many 
of  her  achievements  have  been  ignored,  and  many  of  them  have  been 
placed  in  a  false  light.  A  notable  example  is  found  in  the  usual  treat- 
ment of  "  The  Revolt  of  the  Pennsylvania  Line"  during  the  Revolution. 
Governor  Pennypacker  shows  that  the  conduct  of  the  Pennsylvania 
troops  which  were  concerned  in  the  so-called  revolt,  and  which  has  been 
held  up  to  censure  by  historians,  was  both  heroic  and  patriotic.  He 


Notes  and  Queries.  503 

shows  that  Pennsylvania  financed  the  Revolution,  the  War  of  1812,  and 
the  Civil  War;  that  she  had  more  generals  in  the  Civil  War,  and  lost 
more  men  killed,  than  any  other  state;  that  she  has  no  debt  and  borrow! 
no  money;  has  always  stood  for  religious  liberty  and  was  the  first  to 
oppose  slavery;  was  the  only  state  to  have  an  entire  army  division  in  the 
Civil  War;  that  she  gave  the  Federal  Government  its  home  for  ten  years, 
for  which  she  has  never  been  reimbursed  by  Congress;  and  that  she 
always  was,  and  is  still,  the  Keystone  of  the  Union. 

In  his  chapter  on  Anthony  Wayne  he  shows  how  Washington  turned 
to  Wayne  at  critical  times  for  support  and  advice,  and  never  in  vain; 
and  he  paints  in  vivid  colors  the  portrait  of  this  great  soldier. 

Among  the  subjects  treated  are:  The  Battle  of  Gettysburg  as  influ- 
enced by  a  Pennsylvania  Regiment;  Washington  in  Pennsylvania,  where 
nearly  all  his  official  life  was  spent;  The  Louisiana  Purchase;  The 
Pennsylvania  Dutchman;  The  University  of  Pennsylvania;  The  Quarrel 
between  Conrad  Beissel  and  Christopher  Saur;  The  Capture  of  Stony 
Point;  Congress  Hall ;  The  High  Water  Mark  of  the  British  Invasion  of 
America;  etc.  Whatever  the  subject,  Governor  Pennypacker's  keen 
analysis  and  illuminating  comment  add  a  charm  to  the  narrative  that 
holds  the  interest  of  the  reader  through  every  page. 

Mechanically  the  book  is  perfect.  The  edition  is  strictly  limited  to 
750  numbered  copies,  at  $4.00  net,  per  copy. 

HISTORICAL  AND  TOPOGRAPHICAL  GUIDE  TO  VALLEY  FORGE.  By 
W.  Herbert  Burk,  B.  I.  Philadelphia,  1910.  pp.  142.  Illustrated. 

This  attractive  little  work  is  more  than  a  guide  to  the  camp  site  at 
Valley  Forge,  for  in  no  other  publication  will  be  found  so  much  of  the 
history  and  incidents  of  a  spot  to  which  the  eyes  of  all  patriotic  Amer- 
icans turn.  The  Valley  Forge  Commission  has  marked  all  important 
sites,  and  as  visitors  follow  the  well  defined  lines  of  entrenchments  and 
redoubts,  Mr.  Burk's  narratives  furnish  the  information  that  is  naturally 
sought  for.  "No  spot  on  earth,"  writes  the  Rev.  Cyrus  T.  Brady,  "not 
the  plains  of  Marathon,  nor  the  passes  of  Sempach,  nor  the  place  of  the 
Bastile,  nor  the  dykes  of  Holland,  nor  the  moors  of  England,  are  so 
sacred  in  the  history  of  the  struggle  for  human  liberty  as  Valley  Forge." 
The  patriotic  work  which  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  has  under- 
taken for  the  protection  and  preservation  of  the  camp  has  recently  been 
recognized  by  Congress  in  appropriating  a  liberal  sum  of  money  for  the 
erection  of  a  handsome  memorial  arch,  and  a  number  of  the  States  are 
preparing  to  erect  memorials  to  mark  the  camps  of  their  regiments  and 
brigades.  With  one  single  exception,  troops  from  all  the  original  States 
were  present  at  Valley  Forge.  The  numerous  illustrations  and  maps 
which  Mr.  Burk  has  added  to  his  text  are  valuable  and  interesting.  A 
broad  distribution  of  the  book  is  much  to  be  desired. 

WRITINGS  ON  AMERICAN  HISTORY,  1908.  A  Bibliography  of  Books 
and  Articles  on  United  States  and  Canadian  History  published  during 
the  year  1908,  with  some  Memoranda  on  other  portions  of  America. 
Compiled  by  Grace  Gardner  Griffin,  New  York.  The  Macmillan  Co., 
8vo.  pp.  174.  Price  $2.50  net. 

This  volume  includes  the  titles  of  all  books  and  articles,  with  names 
of  the  authors,  which  contain  anything  of  value  to  the  history  of  the 


504  Notes  and  Queries. 

United  States  and  Canada.  It  has  been  compiled  by  Miss  Griffin  at 
the  Library  of  Congress,  who  also  prepared  the  volumes  for  1906  and 
1907.  The  very  full  index  will  be  appreciated  by  all  who  may  consult 
the  work. 

RECORD  OF  THE  COURTS  OF  CHESTER  COUNTY,  PENNSYLVANIA, 
1681-1697.  Philadelphia,  1910.  8vo.  pp.  430.  Published  by  the 
Colonial  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

In  the  year  1860  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  published 
the  Upland  Court  Record,  1676-1681,  from  the  original  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  Society.  ' '  The  Records  of  the  Courts  of  Chester  County 
Pennsylvania  begun  ye  13th  of  September,  1681  ending  the  10th  Daye  of 
March  1696-7,"  in  the  office  of  the  Prothonotary  of  Chester  County,  at 
West  Chester,  Pa.,  are  now  published  by  the  Colonial  Society.  This  re- 
cent publication  supplies  us  with  much  historical  data.  An  excellent 
index  of  names  will  be  found  helpful. 


THE  WAR,  "Stonewall"  Jackson,  His  Campaigns  and  Battles,  The 
Regiment,  as  I  saw  them.  By  James  H.  Wood,  Captain  of  Co.  "D," 
37  Va.  Infty.  Regiment.  Eddy  Press  Corp.,  Cumberland,  Md.  pp.  181. 
Illustrated. 

These  brief  personal  recollections  of  the  part  in  which  the  author 
participated  in  the  war  between  the  States,  begin  while  he  was  a  cadet 
at  the  Virginia  Military  Institute,  at  Lexington,  and  continue  as  cap- 
tain in  the  37th  Virginia  Infantry  to  his  capture  at  Spottsylvania  Court 
House  in  May  of  1864,  and  release  as  a  prisoner  of  war  in  June  of  1865. 
The  operations  of  his  regiment,  with  the  exception  of  the  Antietam  and 
Gettysburg  campaigns,  were  confined  to  Virginia.  The  book  is  neatly 
printed  and  bound. 

TRAVELS  IN  THE  CONFEDERATION,  1783-1784.  From  the  German 
of  Dr  Johann  D.  Schoepf  by  Alfred  J.  Morrison,  Ph.  D.  2  vols. 
Cloth,  $5. 

In  1777,  Dr.  Schoepf  was  appointed  Chief  Surgeon  of  the  Ansbach 
troops  serving  in  the  British  army  during  the  Revolution,  and  was  on 
hospital  duty  in  New  York,  Philadelphia,  and  in  Rhode  Island.  Peace 
having  been  declared,  he  left  New  York  in  July  of  1783,  to  travel 
through  the  States  of  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Virginia 
and  the  Carolinas,  and  extended  to  East  Florida  and  the  Bahama 
Islands.  His  book  of  travels  was  first  published  in  two  volumes  at 
Erlangen  in  1788.  The  greater  part  of  the  first  volume  is  devoted  to 
Pennsylvania,  as  far  west  as  Pittsburgh. 

Dr.  Schoepf  was  a  man  of  scientific  training,  a  prominent  geologist, 
and  an  observer  of  great  good  sense  and  judgment,  and  his  American 
notes  for  the  year  after  the  Revolution  are  interesting  throughout.  This 
rare  work,  undoubtedly  the  most  valuable  of  its  kind  for  that  period, 
has  been  overlooked  to  a  great  extent  by  historians,  and  its  publication 
now  is  most  acceptable. 


Notes  and  Queries.  505 

AMERICAN  GOVERNMENT  AND  POLITICS.  By  Charles  A.  Beard. 
New  York,  1810.  pp.  772.  The  Macmillan  Co. 

The  several  excellent  manuals  on  American  Government  now  avail- 
able are  written  primarily  for  high  schools,  but  the  volume  under  notice, 
not  too  elementary  nor  yet  too  technical,  is  designed  for  college  students 
and  for  citizens  wishing  a  general  survey  of  our  political  system. 
It  is  divided  into  three  parts:  Historical  Foundations;  the  Federal 
Government,  and  State  Government,  and  supplemented  by  bibliograph- 
ical notes  that  are  assisting  to  the  reader.  Taken  in  conjunction  with 
the  author's  Readings  in  American  Government  and  Politics,  the  work 
will  be  valuable  to  students  of  American  history. 


Officers  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.   507 


OFFICERS 


OF    THE 


HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


PRESIDENT. 
HON.  SAMUEL  WHITAKER  PENNYPACKER. 


VICE-PRESIDENTS. 


HON.  JAMES  T.  MITCHELL,  GEORGE  HARRISON  FISHER, 

HON.  CHARLEMAGNE  TOWER,  HON.  HAMPTON  L.  CARSON, 

WILLIAM  BROOKE  RAWLE,  JOHN  FREDERICK  LEWIS. 


RECORDING  SECRETARY. 
THOMAS  WILLING  BALCH; 


CORRESPONDING  SECRETARY. 
JOHN  BACH  MCMASTER. 


TREASURER. 
FRANCIS  HOWARD  WILLIAMS. 


AUDITOR. 

RICHARD  MCCALL  CADWALADER. 


508  Officers  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 


CURATOR. 

GREGORY  B.  KEEN. 

LIBRARIAN. 

JOHN  W.  JORDAN. 

ASSISTANT  LIBRARIAN. 
ERNEST  SPOFFORD. 

ASSISTANT  LIBRARIAN,  IN  CHARGE   OF  MANUSCRIPTS. 

J.  C.  WYLIE. 

HISTORIOGRAPHER. 

J.  GRANVILLE  LEACH. 

COUNCILLORS. 

JOHN  C.  BROWNE,  SAMUEL  CASTNER,  JR., 

WILLIAM  H.  LAMBERT,  EDWARD  ROBINS, 

CHARLES  MORTON  SMITH,  JOHN  T.  MORRIS, 

SIMON  GRATZ,  HON.  WILLIAM  P.  POTTER, 

WILLIAM  DRAYTON,  EDWARD  S.  SAYRES, 

HON.  WILLIAM  POTTER,  ISAAC  SHARPLESS. 

The  Council  of  the  Society  is  composed  of  the  President,  Vice- 
Presidents,  Recording  Secretary,  Corresponding  Secretary,  Treasurer, 
Auditor,  and  the  twelve  Councillors.  Hon.  James  T.  Mitchell  is  Presi- 
dent, and  Gregory  B.  Keen  is  Secretary  of  the  Council. 

TRUSTEES  OF  THE  PUBLICATION  FUND. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKER,  HON.  JAMES  T.  MITCHELL, 

SIMON  GRATZ. 
(JOHN  W.  JORDAN,  Editor  of  Publications.) 


Officers  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.  509 


TRUSTEES  OF  THE  BINDING  FUND. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYP ACKER,  HON.  JAMES  T.  MITCHELL, 

SIMON  GRATZ. 


TRUSTEES  OF  THE  LIBRARY  FUND. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKER,  JOHN  BACH  MCMASTER, 

GREGORY  B.  KEEN. 


TRUSTEES    OF    THE    GILPIN    LIBRARY. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKER,  GEORGE  HARRISON  FISHER, 

WILLIAM  BROOKE  RAWLE,  SIMON  GRATZ, 

HON.  JAMES  T.  MITCHELL. 


TRUSTEES  OF  THE  ENDOWMENT  FUND  AND  THE 
MISCELLANEOUS  TRUSTS  FUND. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKER,  HON.  HAMPTON  L.  CARSON, 

RICHARD  M.  CADWALADER. 

TRUSTEES    OF    THE    FERDINAND    J.     DREER   COL- 
LECTION   OF    MANUSCRIPTS. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKER,  WILLIAM  BROOKE  KAWLE, 

HON.  HAMPTON  L.  CARSON,  GREGORY  B.  KEEN, 

EDWIN  GREBLE  DREER. 

TRUSTEES  OF  THE  PENNSYLVANIA  HISTORICAL 
STUDY  ENCOURAGEMENT  FUND. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKER,  WILLIAM  BROOKE  RAWLE, 

GREGORY  B.  KEEN. 

TRUSTEES  OF  THE  BUILDING  FUND. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKER,  WILLIAM  BROOKE  RAWLE, 

JOHN  F.  LEWIS. 


510  Officers  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 


STATED  MEETINGS. 

January  9,  1911.  May  8,  1911. 

March  13,  1911.  November  13,  1911. 

January  8,  1912. 


Annual  membership  $  5.00 
Life  membership  50.00 
Publication  Fund,  life  subscription  25.00 
Pennsylvania  Magazine,  per  annum  (to  non-sub- 
scribers to  the  Publication  Fund)  3. 00 

Payments  may  be  made  to  the  Curator  at  the  Hall,   1300  Locust 
Street. 


INDEX. 


(Family  surnames  of  value  in  genealogical  research  are  printed  in  CAPITALS;  names  of 

places  in  italics.} 


Acker,  Antony,   362 

Adams,  Hon.  Charles  Francis,  address 
of,  at  dinner  at  formal  opening  of 
the  new  building  of  the  His.  Soc. 
Pa.,  302 

Affler,    Godfrey,    118 

Albert,  John,  Jr.,  119 

Albright,    Jno.   Fredk.,    115 

Albright,  Salome,  101 

Alden,  Roger,  appointed  Brigade  Ma- 
jor, 176 

Alexander,  Charles,  217 

Allison,  Margaret,  223 

Alsop,   John,   Thomas  Wharton  to,   54 

Altimus,  David,  112 

Ambrose,    Lieut.    ,    sentenced    by 

court  martial,   359 

American  Philosophical  Society,  ap- 
points a  Committee  on  History, 
1815,  261 ;  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  occupies 
room  in,  264 

Andrew,  Jacob,  83 

Andrew,  Philip,  211 

Anwor,  Dorothea,  102 

Apps,   John,   105 

Archibald,    Capt.   Lt.   Edward,   169 

Armand,  Col.  Charles  Trefin,  359 

Armitage,  Joseph,  106 

Armstrong,  Edward,  proposes  to  pub- 
lish genealogies  of  Pennsylvania 
families,  273 ;  delivers  address  at 
annual  dinner  of  Hist.  Soc.  Pa., 
1851,  275 

Armstrong,  Eleaner,  223 

Armstrong,   Gen.  John,  463,  464 

Arnell,  William,  Jr.,  119 

Arnold,  Gen.  Benedict,  raises  siege  of 
Fort  Stanwix,  452 

Ash,  John,  195,  198 

Assembly  of  Pennsylvania,  chosen, 
1683,  132 ;  rights  and  powers  of, 
133-137,  139-141. 

Association  Library  Company,  certifi- 
cate issued  on  absorption  of,  bj 
Union  Library  Company,  488 

Athenaeum,  The,  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.  occu- 
pies room  in  building  of,  266 

Athens,  William,  228 

Auster,  Nathaniel,  223 


Auwor,  Anthony,  102 
Await,   Jacob,  119 
Aydelott,  Joseph,  214 

Bacon,  John,  273 

Bacon,  Margaret,   121 

Bakely,  Daniel,   103,   216 

Baker,  John,   207 

Ballard,     Major      Robert,      officer     of 

court  martial,  351 ;  mentioned,  447, 

460 

Balman,  Abraham,  83 
Balman,  Thomas,  83 
Bankson,   Benjamin,  214 
Barber,  Major  -     -,  465,  471,  475 
Barber,  Lieut.-Col.  Francis,  474 
Barbor,  Reas,   85 
Barker,  Corporal   Jacob,   sentenced   by 

court  martial,   358 
Barnholz,  Frederick,  362 
Barry,  Michael,  112 
Bartholomew,   Edward,   100 
Bartholomew,  George,  117 
Bartram,  John,  coat  of  arms  of  family 

of,    242 
Bassler,  Joseph,  97 

Bates,  Mr., ,  344,  360 

Batman,  John,  83 

Bayard,    Col.  ,   359 

Baylor,    Col.    George,    order   of  march 

of    regiment    through    Philadelphia, 

August,  1777,  444 

Bayrd,  Maj.  ,  29 

Beall,  Maj.  Isaac,  37 
Bearly,  Lieut.-Col.  ,  471 


Becket,  William,  217 
Bedley,  Elizabeth,  113 
Beech,   Rebecca,   227 
Beere,  James,  222 
Beidler,  Abraham,  96 
Belastein,  Francis,  113 
Belfour,  James,  216 

Bell,  Major ,  474 

Bell,  Edward,  82 
Bell,  Humphrey,  82 
Bell,  John,  222 
Bell,  Thomas,   104 
Bendiker,  James,   105 
Benner,  Christian,  204 


511 


512 


Index. 


Benner,  Henry,  87 

Benner,  Jacob,  77 

Benner,  John,  77 

Benner,  Paul,   77,  87,  91,  211,  362 

Bennington,  Battle  of,  account  of, 
and  list  of  killed  and  wounded,  443 

Bentley,  Lieut.  William,  sentenced  by 
court  martial,  354 

Berry,  Capt.  Thomas,  tried  by  court 
martial,  342 

BICKELL,  Edwin  J.,  483 

BICKELL,  Ella  Amanda,  483 

Bickerton,   John,   106 

Biddle,    Col.    Clement,    474 

Biggart,   Robert,  218 

Biggs,    John,    228 

Bignal,  John,  117 

Bignell,  George,  tried  by  court  mar- 
tial, 441 

Binder,  Jacob,  110 

Bingaman,  Frederick,  erects  saw-mil] 
and  grist-mill  on  Birch  Run,  85 ; 
mentioned,  204 

Birch  Run,  85,  86 

Bird,  Robert  Montgomery,  lectures  be- 
fore Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  271 

Black,  George,  224 

Black,  James,  105 

Blackwell,  John,  appointed  Deputy 
Governor  of  Penna.  by  William 
Penn,  143 ;  opposition  to  appoint- 
ment of,  144,  145 ;  recalled  by 
Penn,  145 ;  to  William  Penn,  244 

Blair,   Jane,   219 

Blanck,  Catherine,  215 

Bland,    Col.    Richard    opposes    resolu 
tions  against  Stamp  Act  in  Assem 
bly  of  Va.,  389,  400  ;    Thomas  Jef- 
ferson's description  of,  406 

Bland,  Col.  Theodorick,  order  of 
march  of  regiment  of,  through 
Philadelphia,  August,  1777,  444 ; 
mentioned,  27 

Blatchley,    Peter,   222 

Bloomfield,   Major  ,   462 

Bloxham,  Lewis,  sentenced  by  court 
martial,  24 

Bluit,   Henry,   362 

Bode,   Conrad,  94 

Boger,    Henry   Conrad,    219 

Boiler,  Frederick,  Jacob  Eyerly  to, 
240 

Bolton,  John,  227 

Bond,  Phineas',  agent  for  the  West 
New  Jersey  Society,  76,  77 

Bords,   Mark,   200 

Borthalet,   Samuel,  95 

Bosserman,    Frederick,    217 

Boudinot,    Elias,    James    McHenry    to, 
494 ;    mentioned,  25 


Bourgeois,   Jeremiah,   214 

Boston,  donation  to  the  poor  of,  1775, 
253 

Bowen,   Samuel,   89,  91 

Bower,    John,    111 

Bowers,   William,   116 

Bowland,    John,    112 

Bowman,   Capt.  ,  446 

Bowman,   Col.   Abraham,  38,  448 

Boyer,  Benjamin,  212 

Bragg,    John,    221 

Brahlman,  John,   362 

Brandt,  Christian,  217 

Brandywine  to  Philadelphia,  Journal 
of  Sergeant  Thomas  Sullivan,  229  : 
Battle  of,  421  ;  letter  of  Gen.  John 
Sullivan  to  John  Hancock,  defend- 
ing his  action  at  Battle  of,  497 

Branner,  Timothy,  tried  by  court  mar- 
tial, 341 

Braucallof,  William,  77 

Brauer,  Abraham,  buried  in  Brauer's 
Graveyard,  202 

Brauer's  Graveyard,  list  of  person  :••• 
buried  in,  201,  202 

Brawall,  Thomas,  91 

Brawall,  William,    91 

Brazier,    Anthony    Joseph,    107 

Brenholz,  Henry,   362 

Brenner,  Abraham,   77,   78,  81 

Brent,  Capt.  John,  sentenced  by  court 
martial,  342 

Brindle,  Barbary,  113 

Brinhurst,  Dr.,  196 

Bristol,  Dan,  120 

British,  occupation  of  Philadelphia  by, 
62-73 

Bro,   Joseph,   101 

Broadigan,  Francis,  sentenced  by  court 
martial,  348 

Brodhead,  Col.  Daniel,  President  of 
Court  of  Inquiry,  166,  169 ;  men- 
tioned, 26,  166,  438 

Brooke,   James,  198,   199 

Brooke,    William,    378 

Brooks,  Adam,  tried  by  court  mar- 
tial, 341 

Brooks,  George,  224 

Brooks,  John,  199 

Brooks,  William,   201 

Browall,   William,   77 

Brown,  Richard,  118 

Brown,  Thomas,  213 

Browne,  Col. ,  476 

Brumback,   Benjamin,  194 

Brumback,  Edward,  97 

Brumback,  Garret,  85,  91,  96,  97,  194, 
200,  203 

Brumback,  Henry,  204 

Brumback,  Jesse,  379 


Index. 


513 


Brumback,  Peter,  204 

Brumback,  William,   87 

Brumback's  German  Reformed  Grave- 
yard, list  of  persons  buried  in,  20^. 
204 

Brumbo,     John,     sentenced     by     cor 
martial,  442 

Brunner,  Paul   Frederick,   101 

Bruster,   Major  ,   468 

Bryan,  Alice,   120 

Bryan,  Mary,   112 

Buchanan,  William,  appointed  Com- 
missary General  of  Purchases,  344 

Buchard,  John,  95 

Bucks  County,  Penna,-,  Light  Dragoons, 
attached  to  the  Queen's  Rangers, 
Long  Island,  2  ;  transferred  to  the 
British  Legion,  2 ;  recruited  by 
Capt.  Thomas  Sandford,  1778,  2 ; 
Muster  Roll  of,  6 ;  cemeteries, 
tombstone  epitaphs  in,  233 

Buckwalter,  Abraham,  78 

Buford,   Maj.   Abraham,   38,   186 

Building  Fund,  Historical  Society  of 
Penna.,  contributions  to,  274 ;  list 
of  subscribers  to,  289 

Bull,  Conrad,  365 

Bumb,  Rev.  N.,  211 

Buncomb,   Col.  Edward,  472 

Burbauer,  Casper,  362 

Burbauer,  Herman,  212 

Burgoyne,  Gen.  John,  defeat  of,  at 
Battle  of  Bennington,  443 ;  defeat 
of,  Sept.  19,  1777,  476 

Burman,  Mary,   115 

Burman,  Rachel,  115 

Burn,  James,  sentenced  by  court  mar 
tial,   442 

Burnett,    John,    227 

Burns,  John,   213 

Burr,  Hudson,  sentenced  by  court 
martial  as  a  spy,  55 ;  Thomas 
Wharton  writes  to  Gen.  John 
Sullivan  on  behalf  of,  55-57 

Burrows,  Gen.  John,  of  Lycoming  Co., 
Penna.,  Autobiographical  Sketch  of, 
419 ;  joins  militia,  420 ;  George 
Washington  stays  at  house  of  father 
of,  420 ;  describes  march  from 
Trenton  to  Princeton,  420  ;  describes 
Battle  of  Princeton,  420 ;  partici- 
pates in  Battles  of  Princeton  and 
Brandywine,  421 ;  Paoli,  and  Ger- 
mantown,  422  ;  Springfield,  424  ;  ap- 
pointed Justice  of  the  Peace,  1796, 
430 ;  elected  County  Commissioner, 
431 ;  elected  State  Senator,  433 ; 
appointed  Major-General  of  9th 
Penna.  Militia,  434 ;  receives  civil 
and  political  appointments,  434 


Bury,    Richard,    extract    from    will  of, 

190 

Bush,  Dr.   Andrew,   378 
Bush,    Henry,   96 
Bush,  John,   79 
Bush,  Maj.   Lewis,   182 
Bussert,  Andrew,  91 

Butler,  Lieut.-Col.  ,  349 

Butler,  John,   118 

Butler,  Thomas,  349 

Butler,  Col.    William,   26 

Buxton,  Grace,    118 

Byrn,  John,   227 

Byrne,    Sergeant    Laurence,    sentenced 

by   court   martial,    358 ;    mentioned, 

223 

Calaker,  Catherine,    218 

Caldwell,  Michael,  110 

Camberine,  Anna  Maria,  116 

Campbel,  John,   114 

Campbell,  Alexander,  extract  from 
will  of,  193 

Campbell,  Eleanor,  110 

Campbell,  James,   115 

Campbell,  Margaret,   115 

Caneday,  Alexander,    90 

Canjumtach,  Ann,  216 

Cannon,  John,  appointed  Paymaster, 
6th  Va.  Regt.,  451 

Caper,  Richard,    75,    76 

Carins,  John,  111 

Carl,  Henry,  362 

Carney,  Mary,    227 

Carney,  Owen,  213 

Carr,  James,  222 

Carrington,  Lieut.  Mayo,  176 

CASAD,  Amanda   Keziah,   483 

CASAD,  Anna,  483 

CASAD,  Anthony    Wayne,    483 

Castill,  Frederic,    113 

Caton,  John,  228 

Catz,  Jacob,  105 

Cellier,  Peter,   99 

Chambers,  Col.  James,  27,  179 

Chambers,  John,  214 

Chandler,  Joseph  R.,  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  269 

Chapman,  Lieut.   Samuel,   3 

Chard,  George,    106 

Chard,  Rachel,  106 

Charters  of  Pennsylvania,  1681,  130; 
1683,  138;  1701,  155 

Chester  County,  Penna.,  Troop  of 
Light  Dragoons  raised  In,  1778,  2  ; 
naturalization  of  all  living  in  Penn- 
sylvania before  Penn's  arrival  in, 
134 

Christman,   George,  88,   89,  91,  362 

Christman,  Henry,  91,  207 


514 


Index. 


Christman,  Jacob,  96 

Christmas,  John,  88 

Christman,  Phaelix,    88 

Christman,  Shuman    Henry,    207 

Church,   John,  226 

Clark,    John,    101,    112 

Clark,  Capt.  Jonathan,  tried  by  court 
martial,  341 

Clark,  Joseph,  Jr.,  117 

Clarke,  David,  220 

Clarke,  Elizabeth,    214 

Claus,  William,  362 

Cleark,  William,  102 

Cline,  Theobald,    117 

Clinesmith,  Andrew,  226 

Clinesmith,   John   Sebastian,  225 

Clover,  Jacob,   182 

Cloyd,  John,   84 

Cloyse,  Adam,  tried  by  court  martial, 
442 

Coates,  Dr.  Benjamin  H.,  present  at 
first  meeting  of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa., 
263 ;  member  of  first  Council  of 
the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  264 

Cochran,  Dr.   John,   181 

Coleman,   Luke,    104,    117,   215 

Colford,  Sarah,  213 

Collis,  John,  118 

Collman,   Jacob,   362 

Commaghill,  Neil  M.,  116 

Connecticut  Farms,  burned  by  Gen. 
Kryphausen,  424 

Connel,    John,    102 

Connelly,   George,   103 

Conner,   James,   224 

Conner,  Judith,    214 

Conner,  Philip  S.  P.,  contributes  let- 
ter of  Col.  Stephen  Hyland,  489 

Conolly,  Dr.  John,  seizes  Capt.  Sin- 
clair of  Westmoreland,  and  releases 
prisoners,  42 

Connoly,  Terrence,  115 

Connoly,  William,  217 

Connor,  Lieut.-Col.  Morgan,   352 

Conrad,  Jacob,    362 

Conrad,  Joseph,  199 

Continental  Congress  meets  in  Phila- 
delphia, May,  1775,  43-46 

Conway,  Brigadier-Gen.  Thomas,  174, 
346,  357,  359,  470,  474 

Conyers,  Robert,  227 

Cook,  Col.  ,   351 

Cook,  Alexander,  227 

Cook,  Anthony,    153 

Cook,  Jacob,  168 

Cooke,  Philip,  110,  112 

Cooper,  Francis,    217 

Cooper,  Paul,   216 

Corbyn,  Thomas,  Thomas  Wharton  to, 
67 


Cotter,    James,    118 
Coupel,    Anthony,    103,    222 
Cowell,  Robert,  216 

Cox,   Brigade  Major  ,   474 

Coxe,  Amarias,  120 

Coxe,  Brinton,      delivers     address     at 

opening    of    new    building    of    the 

Hist.  Soc.   Pa.,   1884,   277 
Coxe,  Daniel,  grant  of  land  by  William 

Penn  to,  75 

Craig,  Lieut.-Col.    Thomas,    355 
Grain,  Lieut.   Ambrose,  tried  by  court 

martial,    347 
Crater,  Philip,  197 

Crawford,  Maj.  ,  21 

Crawford,  Margt.,   224 

Creber,  Henry,   215 

Creemer,  John,    114 

Creemer,  Maria   Magdelena,    114 

Cresson,  Elliott,     bequest     of    to     the 

Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  274 
Croghan,  Col.  George,  42 
Cron,  Rev.  W.,  210 
Cropper,   Major  John,   440 
Crosby,    Patrick,    226 
Cruise,    Thomas,    115 
Crump,    Capt.    Abner,    tried    by    court 

martial,   339,   440 ;     mentioned,   349 
Culley,    Timothy,    225 
Cully,    Hugh,    tried   by   court   martial, 

440 

Cummings,  Thomas,  215 
Cummins,  Lieut.  Alexander,  sentenced 

by  court  martial,  175 
Cunius,  John,  199 
Custard,  D.,   378 

Dalliker,  Rev.  Frederick,  203,  211,  361 

Dancing  Assembly,  Philadelphia,  243 

Danderin,    Christina    Barbara,    221 

Dandridge,  Col.  Nat.,  Thomas  Jeffer- 
son visits  and  meets  Patrick  Henry, 
387,  408,  410 

Danfeltzer,    Jacob,    205,    208 

Daniel,  John,  202 

Daniel,  Owen,    223 

Daniel,  Samuel,  202 

DARBY  Family,   489 

Darey,  Capt.          — ,    358 

Davenport,    Lieut.    William,    37 

David,  George,    91,    92 

David,  John,   85,   88,  89,  92 

David,  Miric,   91,   92 

Davie,  James,    121 

Davies,  John,  221 

Davis,  Lieut.-Col.  ,   351,  352,   470 

Davis,  Dr.   Isaac,   84 

Davis,  James,  227 

Davis,  John,   83 

Davis,  Joseph,   83,   84,   89 


Index. 


516 


Davis,  Margaret,  200 

Davis,  Mathew,    199,    200,    378 

Davis,  Robert,  225 

Davis,  Thomas,   224 

Davis,  William,    118,    228 

Davis,  Maj.  William,  166 

Davis  family  accused  of  setting  Pike- 
land  Church  on  fire,  84 

Dawes,  Elisha,    105 

Dawson,   Major  ,   476 

Day,  Major  -,  27,  29,  166,  173, 
182,  352,  359,  438,  458,  470 

Debarnes,  Gen.   ,    22 

Deck,  John,  362 

Defrahn,  Peter,  211,  362 

Defrancine,  Peter,    195 

De  Haas,  Gen.  John  Philip,   173 

Dehardy,  John,  tried  by  court  mar- 
tial, 176 

D'Hart,  Lieut.-Col.  William,  22 

Dehurt,  Lieut.-Col. ,  474 

Delaney,  Anne,  227 

Delaware  Bridge  at  Easton,  Penna., 
erection  of,  239 

Delaware,  Pirates  on  the,  487 

Dell,  Nicholas,   227. 

Derry,  George,  81,  82 

Derry,  Michal,  362 

Desmond,  Daniel  A.,  267 

Dick,  Qulnton,  extract  from  will  of, 
478 

Dickinson,  John,  memorandum  of 
agreement  between  Robert  Morris 
and,  237 ;  Alexander  Hamilton  to, 
237 

Dinges,  Juliana,  103 

Dinner  at  formal  opening  of  the  new 
building  of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  292- 
335  ;  toasts  at,  296 ;  list  of  guests 
at,  334 

Dodd,  William,  213 

Dombil,  Leonard,  263 

Donnan,  Mary,  220 

Dorrington,  William  George,  103 

Dougherty,  Robert,   225 

Downs,  Michael,    108,    109 

Doyer,  Francis,    113 

Doyle,  John,   220 

Doyle,  Peter,  217 

Drayton,  William,  member  of  Com- 
mittee on  Fireproof  Building  of  the 
Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  278 

Dresser,  Talman,  113 

Drinker,  John,  102 

Duffy,  Rose,    228 

Duguid,  Alexander,   213 

Duncan,  Stephen,  present  at  first 
meeting  of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  263  ; 
member  of  first  Council  of  Hist. 
Soc.  Pa.,  264 


Duncan,  Thomas,  first  Vice-President 
of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  264 

Dunhall,  Ensign  James,  tried  by  court 
martial,  354 

Dunlap,  Sarah,   226 

Dunmore,  Lord,  Patrick  Henry  ap- 
peals to,  restore  gunpowder  seized 
by  him,  46 ;  mentioned,  42 

Dunn,  John,  225 

Dunn,  William,  226 

Du   Ponceau,    Peter   S.,   268 

Duportall,  Col.   Louis  Lebique,  462 

Durre,    Cornelius,    221 


East,  Daniel,  196 

East  Vincent  Township,  Chester 
County,  Penna.,  by  Frederick 
Sheeder,  74,  194,  361 ;  grant  of 
William  Penn  of,  75 

Easton,  Penna.,  erection  of  Delaware 
Bridge  at,  239 

Edwards,  John,   121 

Ehmig,  Christian,  362 

Elliott,  Col.    Thomas,    359 

Ellis,  Ann,  222 

Ellis,  Jacob,  88,  362 

Emlen,  Samuel,  67 

Emrick,  George,  205-208 

Enoss,  James,  215 

Eshleman,  H.  Frank,  The  Struggle 
and  Rise  of  Popular  Power  in  Penn- 
sylvania's First  Two  Decades,  by, 
129 

Essig,   J.,   207 

Essig,  R.,   207 

Estart,  Anthony,  sentenced  by  court 
martial,  175 

Eustis,  Capt.  Benjamin,  169 

Evans,  Col.  ,  449 

Evans,  David,   200 

Evans,  Evan,  87 

Evans,  John,   85,   87 

Evans,  Major  John,  85,  87 

Evans,  Mary  T.,  Letters  of  Dr.  John 
McKinley  to  his  wife,  while  a 
prisoner  of  war,  1777-1778,  by,  9 

Evans,  Morris,    85,    87 

Evans,  William,    109 

Everdlng,  Catherine,    116 

Everett,  Edward,  delivers  oration  on 
Washington  before  Hist.  Soc.  Pa., 
274 

Everhart,  Benjamin,  88 

Everhart,  Christian,  88 

Everhart,  James,    88 

Everhart,  William,  88 

Eyerly,  Jacob,  to  Lev!  Hollingsworth 
and  Frederick  Boiler,  240 


,516 


Index. 


Famerin,  Anna  Mary,  Junr,  99 
Farel,   Michael,   112 
Farley,  William,    102 

Farling,  Major  ,  22,  174 

Farmer,  Col.  Lewis,  182,  474 

Farrel,  Michael,   102 

Fauhees,  Thomas,    sentenced   by   court 

martial,  359 

Featherman,  Charles    Frederick,    117 
Febiger,  Lieut.-Col.  Christian,  28,  172. 
359,  469 

Fegan,  Daniel,  217 

Fegan,  Hugh,  217 

Feierabend,  John,  104 

Fenn,  Elinor,   108 

Fennell,  Daniel,   228 

Ferdysh,  Barbara,   227  € 

Ferguson,  Margaret,  115 

Ferris,  James,   227 

Fertig,  Jacob,  204 

Fertig,  John,    204 

Fertig,  Peter,   204 

Fetterman,  Johann    Frederick,    120 

Field,  John,  227 

Figely,  Godlip,    120 

Fllliston,  William,  216 

Flndley,  Hon.  William,  to  Gen.  Wil- 
liam Irvine,  494 

Fingar,  Valentine,  99 

Finkbin,  Jacob,   195,   193,   207 

Finley,  Mary,   109 

First  Troop  Philadelphia  Light 
Dragoons,  raised  by  Capt.  Richard 
Hovenden,  1 ;  attached  to  the 
British  Legion,  2 

Fisdick,  Thomas,  appointed  Brigade 
Major,  176 

Fisher,  Anna  Spess,  118 

Fisher,  Joshua  Francis,  268 

Fitch,  Rebecca,   110 

Fitsgerrald,  Ann,   224 

Fitsgerrald,  Mary,   223 

Fitzgerald,  Mary,   111,  222,  223 

Fitzgerald,  Thomas,    116 

Fletcher,  Benjamin,  British  sovereign 
puts  government  of  Pennsylvania  in 
hands  of,  146 

Fleury,  Major  Francois  Louis  de,  468, 
472 

Flintham,  John,   102 

Flower,  Col.   Benjamin,   349 

Focht,  see  Voighht 

Fodge,  Job,   198 

Folck,  Maria  Elizabeth,  115 

Folk,  Rev.  -     — ,  203 

Folker,  Howard  O.,  tombstone  epi- 
taphs in  Bucks  County,  Penna. 
cemeteries,  contributed  by,  233 ; 
Rohrer  Records,  contributed  by,  484 

Ford,  Lleut.-Col.  Benjamin,  474 


Ford,  James,   100 
Fordyth,  Barbara,    100 

Force,  Major  ,   458 

Formal  opening  of  the  new  fireproof 
building  of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  1910, 
257 

Fort  Stanwix,  Siege  of,   raised,  452 
Fortiner,  Simeon,   224 
Foster,  William,    tried    by   court   mar- 
tial,   341 

Founder,  Mary,  106 
FOX,  493 

Fox,  Frederick,  121 
Fox,  Henry,   214 
Fox,  Joseph,    biographical    sketch    of, 

corrections  to,  493 

Frame  of  Government  of  Pennsylvania, 
drawn  up,  1682,  132 ;  amended, 
1683,  137 ;  new  frame  of  Govern- 
ment, 1696,  152 

Franklin,  Benjamin,   arrives  in   Phila- 
delphia,    May    5,     1775,     43 ;      me- 
morial to,  Ecton  Church,  Northamp- 
tonshire, England,  490 
Franklin,     Corporal    Phlll.,     sentenced 

by  court  martial,  358 
Franklin,  Governor  William,   letter  of 
introduction  to,  from  Thomas  Whar- 
ton    to    Nathaniel    Shaw,    Jr.,    53 ; 
mentioned,  54 
FRANKS      Family,      contributed      by 

Charles  Henry   Hart,   253 
Frazer,  Lieut.-Col.  Persifor,  16,  440 
Frazier,  Elizabeth,  217 
Frazler,  Sarah,  214 
Freame,  Thomas,  extract  from  will  of, 

191 

Frederick,  Jacob,  77,  78,  79 
Frees,  John,   369 
Freicle,  Jonathan,    111 
Freile,  Frederick,  116 
Friday,  Christian,  81,  82 
Frider,  John,   113 
Frierabend,  John,   120 
Fritz,  Johannes,   108 
Fritz,  Margaret  Barbara,  108 
From     Brandywlne     to     Philadelphia, 
Journal    of    Sergeant    Thomas    Sul- 
livan, 229 

Frusback,    Capt. ,    sentenced    by 

court  martial,  341 
Funk,  Christian,   95 
Funks,  Hannah,  110 
Fuss,  Valentine,  205,  206 
Fussel,  William,  81 

Gable,  John   Peter,   219 
Gaisenhimer,  Rev.    Frederick,    209 
Gaisenhimer,  Henry,  209 


Index. 


517 


Galloway,    Joseph,     Thomas    Wharton 

to,   60 
Gansevoort,  Col.  Peter,  In  command  of 

Fort   Stanwix,  452 
Garr,  Joseph,   225 
Garret,  Robert,  118 
Garwood,  Joseph,   223 
Gates,  Gen.      Horatio,      defeats     Gen. 

Burgoyne,   Sept.  19,  1777,  476 
Gearhard,  Nicholas,    211 
Geary,  John,   113 
Geitting,  John,    362 
Genealogical     notes     of     the     Darby 
Family,    contributed   by   Rev.    C.    H. 
B.  Turner,  489 
Gerhard,  Conrad,  361 
German     Reformed     Church,     Vincent 
Township,     monument     to     Revolu- 
tionary soldiers,  362 
Gibower,  Godfrey,  217 
Gibson,  James,    228 
Gibson,  Hon    John,    Mayor    of    Phila- 
delphia, record  of  servants  and  ap 
prentices    bound    and    assigned    be- 
fore, 1772-1773,  99,  213 
Giddous,   Edward,  226 
Gilbert,  Nicholas,  117 
Gill,  Mary,    228 
Gillis,  Sarah,  225 
Gilpin,  Thomas,  72 
Gleckner,  Charles,  217 
Gloninger,  John,  369 
Glover,  Brig.  Gen.  John,  176 
Godfrey,  Dr.    Carlos   B.,    Muster  Rolls 
of  Three   Troops   of   Loyalist   Light 
Dragoons    Raised    in    Pennsylvania, 
1777-1778,  by,  1 
Godfrey,  Sarah,  228 
Gondel,  Adam,  362 
Gonder,    John    Francis,    219 
Gordon,  Henry,   111 
Gosshaw,  Gabriel,  109 
Graham,  John,  220 
Grames,  Thomas,   222 
Grant,  John,  -sentenced  by  court  mar- 
tial, 175 
Gray,  Alexander,    sentenced    by    court 

martial,  24 
Gray,  Jean,  224 
Gray,  William,    226 
Graydon,  Hannah,    225 
Grayson,  Col.   William,  443,  474 
Green,  John,  96 

Greene,  Major-Gen.  Nathaniel,  order 
of  march  of  Division  of,  through 
Philadelphia,  August,  1777,  444 ; 
order  of  march,  Sept.  13,  1777,  467  ; 
mentioned,  23,  24,  26-28,  30,  31, 
169,  170,  173,  176,  179,  180,  182, 
184,  185,  337,  340,  349,  352,  358, 


438,    442,    446,    448-452,    455,    456, 
462-464,   471,   473 
Grenewald,  John  Philip,  369 
Gribbel,       John,       correspondence      of 
William  Wirt  and  Thomas  Jefferson 
in   Collection  of,   385 
Grier,   Lieut.-Col.  David,   352 
Griffin,  Joanna,   116 
Griffith,  John,  82 
Griffith,  Thomas,  77 
Grigg,    Ensign    Robert,    sentenced    by 

court   martial,   347 
Grill,  Charles   Matthew,   106 
Grimer,  Corporal   Frederick,   sentenced 

by   court   martial,   358 
Gross,  John,  362 
Growdon,  Joseph,   144,   153 
Grub,  Jacob,  106 
Grubb,  Conrad,     burled     in     Brauer's 

Graveyard,  202 
Grubb,     David,     buried     in     Brauer's 

Graveyard,  202 
Grumbacher,  John,   201 
Grand,  Nicholas,    85,    362 
Grand,  Peter,   376 
Guender,  Jacob,  362 
Guldin,  Rev.  John  C.,  203,  211,  361 
Gunsenhauser,       Martin,       buried      in 

Brauer's  Graveyard,  202 
Gurney,  Lieut.-Col.  Francis,  443 

Habacki,   Anna   Eliza,   116 
Habersham,  Joseph,     to     Gov.    Joseph 
Hiester,   236 

Hackey,  Adam,     sentenced     by     court 
martial,    183 

"  Hail    Columbia "    and    its    first    pub- 
lication, by  Charles  Henry  Hart,  162 

Hailman,  George,    195 

Hailman,  Henry,  195 

Hailman,  Jacob,  207 

Hailman,  Magdalena,   195 

Hailman,  Stephen,   195,  207 

Halbut,    Joseph,    tried    by    court  mar- 
tial, 340 

Haldeman,  Nicholas,  77,  81,  82,  83 

Haley,  Luke,  213 

Haley,  Michael,  214 

Halfpenny,  John,  tried   by  court  mar- 
tial,   167 

Hall,  Col.   David,  tried  by  court  mar- 
tial,  29 

Hall,  James,  113 

Hall,  John,   223 

Hall,  Margaret,   113 

Hall,  Robert,    106 

Hallowbush,  Peter,  198 

Hamcher,  John,  117 

Hamcher,  Mary   Elizabeth,^  117 


518 


Index. 


Hamilton,  Alexander,  to  John  Dick- 
inson, 237 

Hamilton,  Andrew,  query  regarding, 
498 

Hamilton,  John,  112 

Hammer,   Allen,   78 

Hamond,  Peter,  75,  76 

Hancock,  John,  Gen.  John  Sullivan  to, 
497 

Hand,  Nicholas,   224 

Hannum,  Col.  John,   16 

Hansen,  Isabella,    222 

Hanson,  John,   102 

"  Harding  Graveyard,"  Southampton 
Township,  Bucks  County,  Penna., 
epitaphs  in,  233 

Harlin,  Thomas,   223 

Harman,  Rev.  Frederick,  203,  211,  361 

Harmanson,  Levin,  215 

Harper,  Edward,  121 

Harper,  Jacob,  109 

Harper,  Major  John,  16,  352,  460 

Harrison,  Dr.  Charles  Custis,  address 
of,  at  dinner  at  formal  opening 
of  the  new  building  of  the  Hist. 
Soc.  Pa.,  317 

Harrison,  Joseph,  purchases  painting 
"  Penn's  Treaty  with  the  Indians," 
273 

Harrison,     William     Henry,     to     Gov 
Joseph  Hiester,  235 

Harrold,  John,  213 

Hart,  Prof.  Albert  Bushnell,  address 
of,  at  dinner  at  formal  opening  of 
the  new  building  of  the  Hist.  Soc. 
Pa.,  311 

Hart,  Charles  Henry,  "  Hail  Colum- 
bia "  and  its  first  publication,  by, 
162  ;  contributes  genealogical  notes 
on  the  Franks  Family,  253 ;  con- 
tributes addenda  and  corrigenda  t< 
Thomas  Sully's  Register  of  Por- 
traits, 1801-1871,  381;  contributes 
letter  of  Robert  Morris  to  Gen. 
Anthony  Wayne,  492 

Hart,  John,   221 

Hartley,  Col.  Thomas,  24,   172,   447 

Hartley,  William,  221 

Hartman,  John,  206 

Hartman,  Peter,  205,  206 

Hartranfft,  Leonard,  121 

Harts,  George,  362 

Hartshorn,  Col.    ,    181 

Hasleton,   John,   216 

Haus,  Christopher,  376 

Haus,  Henry,  207 

Haus,  John   Christopher,   101 

Hause,  Daniel,  94 

Hause,  John,   91,    207,    208 

Hause,  Joshua,  93,   94 


Hawkes,  Isaac,   85,    87 

Hawkes,  Nathan,  85,   87 

Hawkins,  Capt.  Moses,  sentenced  by 
court  martial,  347 

Hay,  Major  ,    26,    180,    465 

Heath,  Major ,  22,  352 

Hechels,  Dr.    F.    W.,    195,    196 

Heck,   John,    362 

Hefferin,   Bridget,   228 

Heffernon,   Hugh,   226 

Heffilfenger,  Jacob,  87 

Heffilfinger,  Henry,   195 

Heister,  John,   200,   201 

Hell,  Jacob,    362 

Hellwing,  Jacob,   362 

Helvig,  Jacob,  362 

Helzendorff,  Baron,   473 

Hempel,  Charles  Gotteil,  118,  119 

Hemphill,  Christiana  Frederica,  107 

Hencock,   J.,  85 

Hendricks,  Lieut.-Col.  James,  184,  468 

Henkels,  Stan.  V.,  Jefferson's  Recollec- 
tions of  Patrick  Henry,  contributed 
by,  385-418 

Henken,  Frederick,   362 

Henry,  Capt.  John,  Muster  Roll  of 
First  Regt.  Continental  Artillery, 
493 

Henry,  Patrick,  appeals  to  Lord  Dun- 
more  to  restore  gunpowder  seized  by 
him,  46 ;  Jefferson's  Recollections 
of,  contributed  by  Stan.  V.  Henkels, 
385-418;  William  Wirt  writes  to 
Thomas  Jefferson  for  information 
about,  385 ;  meets  Thomas  Jeffer- 
son, 387,  408 ;  goes  to  Williams- 
burg  to  obtain  license  as  a  lawyer, 
387 ;  relations  of,  with  Thomas 
Jefferson,  387 ;  Thomas  Jefferson's 
opinion  of  character  of,  387,  408, 
412,  413  ;  elected  Representative  of 
Hanover  County,  388 ;  attacks 
scheme  of  John  Robinson,  Treasurer 
of  Assembly  of  Va.,  388,  396,  397, 
399  ;  opposes  Stamp  Act,  389,  398, 
404  ;  with  Richard  Henry  Lee,  pre- 
pares a  petition  to  the  King,  1774, 
390 ;  appointed  Colonel  of  First 
Va.  Regiment,  393,  414 ;  Governor 
of  Va.,  393,  401 ;  early  career  of, 
393 ;  purchases  estate  on  Smith's 
River,  394 ;  opposes  Constitution, 
1788,  395  ;  refuses  appointments  of 
mission  to  Spain  and  Secretary  of 
State,  395 ;  opinion  of,  in  case  of 
Josiah  Philips,  401  ;  marries  daugh- 
ter of  Col.  Dandridge,  410 

Hensel.  Hon.  William  U.,  speech  of  at 
dinner  at  formal  opening  of  the 


Index. 


519 


new  building  of  the  Hist.   Soc.  Pa.. 
330 

Herpel,  H.,  207 

HERRICK,  Cheeseman   A.,   483 

HERRICK,  Clara   Bell,   483 

Heysham,  William    Postlethwaite,    llf> 

Hiester,  John,    204 

Hiester,  General  John,  buried  in 
Brauer's  Graveyard,  201 

Hiester,  Gov.  Joseph,  William  Henry 
Harrison  to,  235 ;  Joseph  Haber- 
sham  to,  235 ;  Thomas  Jeffersor 
to,  236;  George  Lewis  Mayer  t< 
247 ;  Proceedings  of  Convention 
nominating  same,  247 

Higgins,  Lieut.  James,  tried  by  court 
martial,  341 

Hildeburn,  Charles   R.,   277 

Hile,  Patrick,  220 

Hlmes,  Caspar,  85,  86 

Hind,     William,  222 

Hinters,  Jacob,   84 

Hippel,  George,  361 

Hippel,  Henry,   96,   97,  212,  361 

Hippel,  John,    362 

Hippel,  Laurance  or  Lorentz,  195,  196, 
211,  361 

Hirsh,  Samuel,  78 

Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania, 
formal  opening  of  the  new  fireproof 
building  of,  257;  Committee  on 
(Formal  Opening,  257 ;  description 
of  new  fireproof  building  of,  258 ; 
formation  of,  1824,  262,  263;  first 
meeting  of,  at  house  of  Thomas  I. 
Wharton,  263 ;  second  meeting  of, 
Phrenological  Society,  Carpenter's 
Court,  263  ;  first  donation  to,  264  ; 
first  oflflcers  of,  264 ;  removes  to 
hall  of  the  American  Philosophical 
Society,  1825,  265 ;  meetings  of, 
held  at  College  of  Pharmacy,  265 ; 
occupies  room  at  115  South  Sixth 
Street,  1844,  265 ;  occupies  room 
in  Athenaeum  Building,  1847,  266; 
publications  of,  268,  269,  271,  277, 
280 ;  portrait  of  William  Penn  in 
armor  presented  to,  269 ;  sends  cir- 
culars throughout  the  State  asking 
for  historical  Information,  270  ;  visit 
of  Granville  John  Penn  to,  272 ; 
wampun  belt  presented  to,  272 ; 
purchase  of  Penn  Papers  by,  275- 
276;  removes  to  820  Spruce  Street, 
1872,  276 ;  removes  to  Patterson 
Mansion,  1884,  277  ;  erects  new  fire- 
proof building,  277-279 ;  collections 
of,  280-283 ;  membership  of,  264, 
283 ;  statements  of  funds  of,  274, 
275,  278,  279 ;  dinner  at  formal 


opening  of  new  building  of,  292 ; 
letters  of  congratulations  received, 
and  read  at  same,  292 ;  toasts, 
296  ;  list  of  guests  at,  334  ;  acquires 
Benjamin  West's  Holograph  Manu- 
script Collections,  495 

Hitts,  Michael,   214 

Hitz,  Mariah   Barbara,    107 

Hitz,  Tobias,   107 

Hobbs,  John,  196 

Hobbs,  Thomas,  221 

HOBSON,  255 

Hobson,  Samuel  Isaac,  255 

Hoffman,  Rev.  ,   361 

Hoffman,  George,  203 

Hoffman.  Henry,  211 

Hoffman,  John,    196,   211,   361,    362 

Hoffman,  Samuel  V.,  to  Hon.  S.  W. 
Pennypacker,  296 

Holland  Graveyard,  Northampton 
Township,  Bucks  County,  Penna., 
epitaphs  in,  234 

Hollingsworth,  Henry,  to  Lev!  Hoi- 
lings  worth,  488 

Hollingsworth,  Levi,  Jacob  Eyerly  to, 
240 ;  Henry  Hollingsworth  to,  488 

Hollman,  George,    104 

Hollowell,  Ann,  113 

Holmes,  Lieut.  Benjamin,  tried  by 
court  martial,  359 

Honeyman,  William,  219 

Honger,  Rev. ,  361 

Hoober,  Jacob,  219 

Hoock,  Henry,  204 

Hooken,  Rev.  John,  361 

Hooken,  J.  R.,  211 

Hope,  John  Misbell,  226 

Hopkins,  William,  75,  76,  222 

Hopkinson,  Joseph,  first  Correspond- 
ing Secretary  of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa., 
264 

Korean,  Elizabeth,    216 

Houenstlne,  Jacob,    362 

House,  George,  sentenced  by  court 
martial,  359 

Hovenden,  Capt.  Richard,  First  Troop 
of  Philadelphia  Light  Dragoons 
raised  by,  1 ;  attached  to  the 
British  Legion,  New  York,  2  ;  com- 
manded by,  3 

Howard,  Henry,  221 

Howe,  Vice  Admiral  Richard,  Some 
Account  of  Voyage  of  from  the  Elk 
River,  Md.,  to  Billingsport,  N.  J., 
from  Journal  of  Sergeant  Thomas 
Sullivan,  241 

Howell,  Maj.  ,  167,  456 

Hubner,  Frederica  Regina,   105,  113 

Hubner,  George,   96 

Hudson,  John,  105 


520 


Index. 


Hnfnour,   Lieut.   George,   sentenced  by 

court  martial,  347 
Humphreys,  Major  David,  26 
Humphreys,  Gislln,   107 
Humphreys,  Mary,  214 
Humpton,  Col.  Richard,  180 
Hunt,  John,  account  of  death   of,   57, 

58 ;  affairs  of,  58-60  ;  illness  of,  72  ; 

mentioned,  75 
Hunter,  Joshua,    sentenced    by     court 

martial,    182 

Huntington,  Gen.  Jedidiah,  176 
Hunimgton,      Long      Island,      British 

Legion   mustered  at,   1783,   3 
Hurry,  Arthur.   103 
Huston,  William,  88 
HalLiuson,  Mary,  220 
Hutton,  Addison,  architect  of  the  new 

fireproof  building  of  the   Hist.   Soc. 

Fa.,    258 

Hyams,  Emanuel,  113 
Hyland,  Col.  Stephen,  to  Cap.  Robert 

Porter,  489 
Hymen,  Mary,  115 

Imhoff,   John,   362 

Indians,  accounts  of  losses  by,  at 
Johnston  Hall,  50,  51 

Ingersoll,  Charles  Jared,  delivers  ad- 
dress at  annual  dinner  of  the  Hist. 
Soc.  Pa.,  1853,  275 

Inglebold,  Anna  Maria,   107 

Innis,  Lieut.   Col.   James,  351,  472 

Irvine,  Gen.  James,  wounded  at 
Whitemarsh,  87 

Irvine,  Thomas,    54 

Irvine,  Gen.  William,  Hon.  William 
Findley  to,  494  ;  mentioned,  18,  458 

Isinsky,  Rev.  Frederick,  209 

Izenninger,  Nicholas,  107 

Jack,    Robert,    extract    from    will    of, 

478 
Jackson,  Samuel,      member      of      fiivi 

Council  of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  264 
Jackson,  Samuel,  227 
JAMES,  Benjamin  Brown,   483 
JAMES,  Clara  Bell,  483 
JAMES,  Colin  D.,  483 
JAMES,  Edmund   Jones,   483 
JAMES,  Ella  Amanda,  483 
JAMES,  George    Francis,    483 
JAMES,  John  Nelson,  483 
James,  Henry,    extract    from    will    of 

190 
James,  Capt.    Jacob,    Troop    of    Ligh< 

Dragoons    recruited    by,    in    Chester 

Co.,     1778,     2;      attached     to     th 

British    Legion,    N.    Y.,    2 ;     muster 

roll  of,  5 


James,  Thomas  C.,  member  of  first 
Council  of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  264 

Jayne,  Aaron,    222 

Jefferson,  Thomas,  to  Gov.  Joseph 
Hiester,  236 ;  Recollections  of,  of 
Patrick  Henry,  contributed  by  Stan. 
V,  Henkels,  385-418;  William  Witt 
to,  385,  415 ;  to  William  Wirt. 
386,  396,  403,  404,  409,  411,  416, 
417 ;  relations  of,  with  Patrick 
Henry,  387 ;  appointed  to  Legisla- 
ture, 1768-9,  390  ;  draws  up  answer 
to  Lord  North's  Propositions,  392 

Jeherd.Abel,    114 

Jenkins,  David,   87,   88 

Job,  John,    104 

Jobson,  Samuel,  227 

John,  Alhannah,  95 

John,  James,   92 

John,  John,   362 

John,  Jona.,   83,   89,   90,   91 

Johnson,  Col.  ,  President  of  Court 

Martial,  453 ;  mentioned,  172 

Johnson,  Brigade  Major  -     — ,  358,  443 

Johnson,  Maj.  James,  23,  38,  174,  182 

Johnson,  Sir  John,  Thomas  Wharton 
to,  50 

Johnston,  Col.  ,  180 

Johnston,  George,  draws  resolutions 
opposing  Stamp  Act,  389,  401 

Johnston,  Joshua,    222 

Johnsville,  Bucks  County,  Penna., 
epitaphs  in  graveyard  of,  234 

Jones,  Rev.  ,  lottery  tickets  sold 

at  house  of,  40 

Jones,  Elizabeth,  120 

Jones,  Griffith,  153 

Jones,  Horatio  Gates,  proposes  cele- 
bration of  landing  of  William  Penn, 
273 

Jones,  Thomas,  sentenced  by  court 
martial,  24 

Jordan,  John,  Jr.,  elected  a  member 
of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  269 ;  erects 
fireproof  addition  to  building  of  the 
Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  277 

Jordan,  John  W.,  277 

Jourdan,  Christopher,    227 

Joynes,  Major  Levin,  officer  of  court 
martial,  351 

Kaise,  Henry,  223 
Kane,  Francis,  228 
Karla,  John,  100 
Karr,  James,    99 
Keating,  Ignatius,   228 
Keating,  Thomas,  227 
Keeley,  Elizabeth,  93 
Keeley,  Jacob,   92,  93 
Keeley,  John,  362 


Index. 


521 


Keen,  Grace,   112 

Eegan,  James,   215 

Keiser,  Nicholas,  198,  199 

Keith,  Patrick,    220 

Keller,  Nicholas,  204 

Kelley,  Francis,   225 

Kelly,  James,  sentenced  by  court  mar- 
tial, 354 

Kelly,  Jane,   227 

Kelly,  Margaret,    108,   228 

Kelly,  Sebastian,  204 

Kelly,  William,  225 

Kelly,  Wm.    Denis,    appointed    Adjut- 
ant, 37 

Kelpert,  Christian,   112 

Kemble,  Samuel,    Junr.,   110 

Kemp,  Henry   William,   109 

Kemp,  Matthias,   215 

Kilpatrick.  George,  sentenced  by  court 
martial,   353 

King,     Corporal     Daniel     Kane,     sen- 
tenced by  court  martial,  358 

Kinly,     Lieut.    ,    tried    by    court 

martial,   341 

Kinshalle,  John,  226 

Kirck,  Jesse,   366 

Kirkbride,  Col.    Joseph,    buildings    of, 
burned   by   British,   422-423 

Kirsh,  George,    212 

Kite,  James,   221 

Kline,  John,   362 

Kline,   Peter,  204 

Knerr,  Abraham,  208 

Knerr,  Henry,    82,   83,   90,   205 

Knerr,  Jacob,   90 

Knerr,  Roraback,   83 

Knode,  Jacob,    106 

Knox,  Gen.  Henry,  473 

Knox,    Hon.    Philander    C.,    to    Hon 
S.    W    Pennypacker,    293 ;     presents 
Valley   Forge   Muster   Roll  to   Com 
missioners  of  Valley  Forge,  493 

Koenig,  Michal,   205 

Kolb,  Joseph,    85,    87 

Kolb,  Michael,  86,  366 

Koneg,  Anthony,  218 

Kcrr,   Harry,    224 

Kough,  Dennis,   121 

Krammer,  Jacob,   109 

Kyle,  Lorence,    362 

Labach,  John,  211,  361,  362 
Ladshaw,  Francis,  196 
Lamar,  Maj.  Marion,  176 

Lamb,  Col. ,  476 

Lambert,     William      H.,      member     of 

Committee  on  Fireproof  Building  of 

the  Hist.  Soc.   Pa.,  278 
Land,  Samuel,   116 


Langdon,  Capt.  Jonathan,  tried  by 
court  martial,  341 

Langenhime,  Frederick,  202 

Larshln,  Catherine,   108 

Larshin,  Maria   Elize,    108 

Laurens,  John,  appointed  Aide-de-Camp 
to  Gen.  Washington,  459 

Lavers,  James,    215 

Lawerswyler,  Barnet,  Junr.,  110 

Lawson,  Col.  ,  35,   178,  471 

Lawson,  Col.  Robert,  359 

Lea,  Henry  Charles,  Minute  on  death 
of,  124 

Lear,  Adam,  113 

Lee,  Richard  Henry,  with  Patrick 
Henry,  prepares  a  petition  to  the 
King,  1774,  390 

Leech,  Robert,   106 

Lehigh  County  Historical  Society,  re- 
moval of,  238 

Lehr,  Frederick,   95 

Leidy,  Rev. ,  211 

Leland,  Corporal  Patrick,  sentenced  by 
court  martial,  358 

Leonard,  Christopher,  227 

Leonard,  Frederick,  sentenced  by 
court  martial,  183 

Lepp,  Michael,  103,  117 

Lesher,  Jacob,   375 

Lewis,  Colonel  ,  24,   169,   357 

Lewis,  Capt.  ,   461 

Lewis,  Esther,  81 

Lewis,  John,    81,    85,    87 

Lewis,  John  Frederic,  address  of,  at 
formal  opening  of  the  new  fire- 
proof building  of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa., 
258 ;  Trustee  of  Building  Fund 
and  Chairman  of  Committee  on 
Fireproof  Building  of  the  Hist.  Soc. 
Pa.,  278 

Leydick,  Rev.   J.  Philip,  203,  361 

Leyfert,  Sybella,  226 

Light  Dragoons,  Loyalist,  Troops  of, 
raised  in  Penna.,  1-8 

Lightfoot,  Michal,    195 

Lincoln,  Gen.  Benjamin,  order  of 
march  of  Division  of,  through 
Philadelphia,  August,  1777,  444; 
mentioned,  26,  27,  30,  167,  170,  134, 
438 

Lincoln,  Mary,    101 

Llndeman,  Jonas,   82 

Lindsay,  Ben.,  40 

Lippincott,  Horace  Mather,  255 

Liz,  Henry,    120 

Lloyd,  David,  commissioned  Attorney 
General  of  the  Province  of  Penn- 
sylvania, 142 

Lloyd,  George,  351 

Lloyd,  Humphrey,   90 


522 


Index. 


Lloyd,  James,  appointed  Aide-de-Camp 
to     Major-Gen.     Nathaniel     Greene 
473 

Lloyd,  John,   90 

Lloyd,  Thomas,    President   of   Council 
143,   144,   146 

Lockhart,  Major  Samuel,  469 

Logan,  Deborah,  arrangements  made 
with  for  publication  of  Penn  and 
Logan  Correspondence,  268 

Logan,  James,   to   John  Penn,   122 

Longecker,   J.,   203 

Longecker,  Peter,  199 

Longspit,  Corporal  Christian,  sen- 
tenced by  court  martial,  358 

Lottery  tickets  sold  by  Thomas  Roy- 
son,  40 

Loughlin,  James,  220 

Lount,  Gabriel,  228 

Low,  Samuel,  218 

loyalist  Light  Dragoons  ,raised  in 
Pennsylvania,  1777-1778,  Muster 
Rolls,  by  Dr.  Carlos  E.  Godfrey,  1 

Lucar,  Capt. ,  350 

Ludwig,  Baltasar,  205 

Ludwig's  Tavern,  89 

Lutz,  Jacob,  103 

Lutz,  Leonard,  112 

Lyne,  Major ,   475 

Lyons,  Bartholomew,  100 

Maag,  Henry,  115 

McAlee,  Isaac,  114 

McAllister,  George,  228 

McAnully,  Daniel,    221 

McArthur,  Duncan,    Junr.,    102 

McCardle,  Mary,  224 

McCarle,  James,  sentenced  by  court 
martial,  24 

McCarle.  William,  tried  by  court  mar- 
tial, 24 

McCartney,  Mabel,   222 

McCauly,  Elizabeth,  115 

McCausIand,  Alexander,  extract  from 
will  of,  478 

M^Clanachan,  Col.  Alexander,  Presi- 
dent of  Court  Martial,  355,  359, 
440 

McCloud,  Rev.  John,  appointed  Chap- 
lain, 2 

McCloud,  Margaret,   219 

McClure,  John,   109 

McConnell,  Adam,  219 

McCraktn,  Penina,  96 

McCurdy,  Corporal  Daniel,  sentenced 
by  court  martial,  358 

McDavill,  James,  sentenced  by  court 
martial,  440 

McDonald,  James,  102 


McDonald,  Marion,  109,  110 

McDonald,  Thomas,   101 

McEvoy,  Daniel,  213 

McParling,  John,  87 

McGee,  Mary,    219 

McGillis,  George,  220 

McGlochlin,  Edward,    114 

McGown,  Meredith,  218 

McHenry,  James,    to    Ellas    Boudinot, 

494 

McHugh,  Thomas,  227 
Mcllroy,  Mary,  215 
Mclvers,  John,  220 
McKay,  John,    120 
McKay,  Margaret,    111 
McKinly,     Dr.     John,     letters     of     to 
his   wife    while    a   prisoner    of   war, 
1777-1778,    by    Mary    T.    Evans,    9 ; 
biographical  sketch  of,  9 
McKivan,  Margaret,    218 
Mackzeiner,  Elizabeth   Margr.,    104 
McMaster,    Prof.    John    Bach,    address 
of,   at   dinner  at   formal   opening   of 
the   new   building  of  the  Hist.    Soc. 
Pa.,   299 

McMichael,  Ensign  ,  sentenced  by 

court  martial,  355 
McMichael,  Daniel,   215 
MicNally,     Richard,     Cornet    and     Ad- 
jutant,   3 

McQuillen,  Edward,   218 
McSparran,  Archibald,    121 
MacVeagh,  Hon.  Franklin,   to  Hon.  S. 

W.  Pennypacker,  293 
Made,  Ensign    —  — ,     tried    by    court 

martial,  347 
Maginnes,    Patrick,   228 
Maglathery,  James,    109 
Magrath,  James,   227 
Magrath,  John,    108,   115 
Mahoney,  James,    227 
Mahoney,  Mary,    103 
Malmady,  Col.  Francis,  Marquis  de,  22 
Mance,  Christofel,    195 
Mance,  Philip,   195 
Manly,  James,    102 
Mannen,  John,   221 
Manypeuny,  Clemens,  219 
March,  John,   212,   362 
Markham,  William,  appointed  Lieuten- 
ant  Governor  of   Pennsylvania,   147 
Marrier,  Henry,  218 
Marry,  James,   362 

Marshall,  Col.  -,  460 

Marshall,  Col.    Thomas,    355,    455 
Marshall,  Thomas,    213 
MARTIN,  Absalom,  481 
MARTIN,  Ephraim,    Jr.,     483 
MARTIN,  Martha,  483 
Martin,  Col.    ,    22,    167,    465 


Index. 


523 


Martin,  Absalom,  participates  in 
Battle  of  Princeton,  481 

Martin,  Charles,  sentenced  by  court 
martial,  358 

Martin,  Col.  Ephraim  of  the  New 
Jersey  Continental  Line,  sketch  of, 
480 ;  biographical  sketch  of,  480 ; 
military  record  of,  480—182 ;  mem- 
ber of  Congress,  1775,  1776,  480 ; 
wounded,  August,  1776,  and  at 
Battle  of  Brandywine,  481 ;  par- 
ticipates in  Battle  of  Princeton, 
481  ;  with  Washington  at  Valley 
Forge,  482 ;  removes  to  Somerset 
County,  482 

Martin,  John,   85,  99 

Martz,  John,  362 

Marys,  David,    94 

Mason,  Jacob,  204 

Mason,  John,   106 

Matthews,  Col.  George,  29,  176,  207, 
349,  456 

Maurer,  John,  207 

Maurer,  Peter,  buried  in  Brauer's 
Graveyard,  202 

Maurer,  Sebastian,   362 

Maxfield,  Mary,  99 

Maxwell,  Gen.  William,  order  of 
march  of  Brigade  of,  through  Phila- 
delphia, August,  1777,  444 ;  men- 
tioned, 38,  167,  170,  176,  177,  351, 
448,  451,  464,  469 

May,  John,   108 

May,  William,    120 

Mayer,  George  Louis,  to  Gen.  Joseph 
Hiester,  247 

Mayer,  Jacob,    208 

Mayfield,  Thomas,  214 

Mead,  Jane,    104 

Medical  graduates  of  the  University 
of  Penna.,  of  whom  information  is 
desired,  498 

Melbin,  John,   82 

Meloy,  John,   225 

Menge,  John,   220 

Mercer,  Gen.    Hugh,    death    of,    421 

Meredith,  Enoch,  81 

Meredith,  Jesse,  81,   95 

Meredith,  John,  81 

Meredith,  Dr.  St.,  95 

Merry,  Anthony,    75 

Merryfield,  Jeremiah,   221 

Meyer,  Anna  Margt.,  109 

Meyer,  John  Gerard,  217 

Miffert,  Anna  Cathe.,   103 

Miffert,  John  Conrad,  103 

Miffert,  Maria   Dorothy,    103 

Mifflin,  John,  Deputy  Quartermaster 
General,  439 

Mifflin,  Maria  Catherine,  213 


Mifflin,  Gen.    Thomas,    173 

Miles,  Francis,    Trumpeter,    3 

Miller,    A.,    88 

Miller,  Adam,    86,    91,    195,    211 

Miller,  Charles,  108 

Miller,  Conrad,   91,   206 

Miller,  Henry,  90,  97,  196,  207 

Miller,  Major  Henry,  450 

Miller,  Isaac,  87 

Miller,  Jacob,  362 

Miller,  John,  86,  118,  207,  217 

Miller,  John   Henry,   220 

Miller,  Rev.  Joseph,  210 

Miller,  Nicholas,    195 

Miller.  Peter,  196,  207,  208,   369,  370 

Miller,  Philip,  95,  204 

Miller,  Theodore,  204 

Mills,  George,  sentenced  by  court 
martial,  354 

Mills,  John,   102 

Milner,  John,   Jr.,    121 

Milward,   Samuel,    215 

Miner,  Sergeant ,  355 

Miner,  Charles,  suggests  formation  of 
auxiliary  County  Historical  So- 
cieties, 275 

Minicus,   Rev.  ,  203 

Misser,  John    Jacob,    107 

Mitchell,  James  T.,  member  of  Com- 
mittee on  Fireproof  Building  of 
the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  278 

Mitchell,  John,    102,    107 

Mitchell,  Mary,    215 

Moiland,  see  Moylan 

Molloy,  John,  228 

Monney,  Joseph,   120 

Montigue,  Maj.  ,  181 

Montgomery,  Daniel,  214 

Moon,  Jacob,  sentenced  by  court  mar- 
tial, 360 

Moore,  Ensign ,  360 

Moore,  Andrew,   227,   228 

Moore,  Hannah,  99 

Moore,  Nicholas,  accuses  Penn  and 
Council  and  Assembly  of  breaking 
the  Charter  and  "  Frame,"  137  ;  Im- 
peachment of,  141,  142 

More,  Rev.   Charles,  85 

More,  Francis,   214 

More,  J.,  of  More  Hall,   82 

Morgan,  Col.   Daniel,   168 

Morgan,  Patrick,  226 

Morrell,  Major  Thomas,   476 

Morrey,  Richard,  extract  from  will 
of,  192 

Morris,  Robert,  memorandum  of  agree- 
ment between  John  Dickinson  and, 
237 ;  to  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne, 
contributed  by  Charles  Henry  Hart, 
492 


524 


Index. 


Mortimer,  Robert,  216 

Morton,  Thomas  G.,  M.D.,  Trustee  of 
Building  Fund  of  the  Hist.  Soc. 
Pa.,  278 

Moseby,  Charles,  351 

Moser,  Catherine,  107,  223 

Moser,  Jacob,    107,  223 

Mosis,  Adam,   205 

Moss,  Samuel,    120 

Moylan,  Sarah,   108 

Moylan,  Col.  Stephen,  order  of  march 
of  Regiment  of,  through  Philadel- 
phia, August,  1777,  444  ;  mentioned, 
27,  339,  358 

Muhlenberg,  Rev.  Henry,  Sr.,  205,  20' 

Muhlenberg,  Rev.  Henry,  Jr.,  205 

Muhlenberg,   Gen.  John  Peter  Gabriel, 
Orderly  Book  of,  21,  166,  336,  438 
order     of     march     of     Brigade     o 
through  Philadelphia,  August,   1777. 
444 ;     mentioned,    22,    23,    28,    35, 
169,    170,    178,    184,    186-189,    450, 
452,    462,    464,    469,    472,    475 

Mullen,  Maj.    ,    29 

Mundshauer,  David,  buried  in  Brauer's 
Graveyard,  202 

Mundshauer,  Jacob,  95 

Mundshauer,  John,  95 

Murphey,  Esther,   227 

Murphy,  Ann,   218 

Murphy,  John,    214 

Murphy.  Mary,   227 

Murphy,  Thomas,    226 

Murray,  Maj. ,    35,   178 

Murray,  Ann,  218 

Murray,  Martha,   214 

Murray,  William,  114 

Musgrove,  William,    121 

Mushell,  Margaret,    226 

Muster  Rolls  of  Three  Troops  of 
Loyalist  Light  Dragoons  raised  in 
Pennsylvania,  1777-1778,  by  Dr. 
Carlos  E.  Godfrey,  1 

Myardie,  Barbara,    111 

Myer,  Lieut.  Christopher,  sentenced  by 
court  martial,  342 

Myers,      John,    105 

Nagle,  Joseph,   111 

Nailer,  Jacob,  362 

Nash,    Gen.    Francis,   order   of   march, 

Sept.     13,     1777,     467;      mentioned, 

458,  462,  463,   471,   472 
Neal,    Dr.    John,    appointed    Surgeon's 

Mate,  2 

Neef,  John  David,  106 
Neilson,  Sarah,   226 
Nelson,  Jane,  228 


Nelson,  Capt.  John,   182 

Nelson,  Lieut.-Col.  William,  28,  174 

Neshaminy        Presbyterian        Church, 

tombstone  epitaphs   in   cemetery   of, 

233 

Nevell,  John,  100,  101 
Neville,  Lieut. -Col.  John,  462 
Newman,  Richard,    109 
Nicholas,  Maj.   George,  24,  172 
Nicholas,    Rob.    C.,    signs    license    of 

Patrick    Henry    as    a    lawyer,    388 ; 

opposes    resolutions    against    Stamp 

Act   in   Assembly  of  Va.,   389,    40. 

member  of  Va.  Legislature,  407 
Nichols,  Mary,    214 
Nicholson,    John   P.,    member   of  Com- 
mittee on  Fireproof  Building  of  the 

Hist.   Soc.   Pa.,  278 
Nick,  William,  218 
NOEL,  Ella  Amanda,   483 
NOEL,  Temple  R.,  483 

Nogle,  Col.  ,  462 

Norbal,  Lieut.-Col. ,  357 

North,  Maj.  Caleb,   182 

Notes  and  Queries,  122,  233,  484 

Nourse,  Joseph,  115 

Nutt,  Samuel,   erects   first   iron  worka 

along  French  Creek,  81 ;    mentioned, 

95 

O'Beal,  Col.  ,  438 

O'Bryan,    Dennis,    sentenced   by    court 

martial,    168 

O'Connor,  Charles,   100,  111 
Officers  of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  507 
Ogden,  Col.  Matthias,  475 
Old  Madeira  Wine,  487 
Olmstead,   Hon.   Marlin  E.,   speech  of, 

at  dinner  at  formal  opening  of  the 

new  building  of  the  Hist.   Soc.   Pa., 

323 

Onongst,  Elizabeth,    114 
Oquener,  Ann,  216 
Orcle,  Richard,   221 
Ord,  John,   75,   76 
Orderly     Book    of    Gen.     John     Peter 

Gabriel   Muhlenberg,    1777,   21,    166, 

336,  438 
Orles,   Corporal  Thomas,   sentenced  by 

court   martial,    35S 
Orner,  Valentine,   206 
Ortlip,  Andrew,  207 
Otwine,  John,    211 
Outen,  Abram,   224 
Owen,  Griffith,    119 
Owen,  Hugh,  216 
Owens,  Simon,   227 
Oxford,  Godfrey,    sentenced    by    court 

martial,  453 


Index. 


525 


Paca,  William,  54 

Painter,  Joseph,  368 

Palmore,  Col.   ,    29 

Parker,  Col.   ,    348 

Parker,  Edward,    buried    In    Brauer's 
Graveyard,  202  ;    mentioned,  198 

Parker,  Col.    Josiah,    185,    458 

Parker,  Lieut.-Col.  Richard,  38,  179, 
450 

Parker,  Susanna,  199 

Parsons,  Brig.-Gen.  Samuel  Holden,  26 

Patterson,  Mary,  110 

Patton,  Col.   John,   349,  472 

Paul,  John,   87 

Paul,  Peter,  204 

Peacock,  Jane,    110 

Peers,  Major  Valentine,  tried  by 
court  martial  22,  23  ;  letter  of  Col. 
Alexander  Spotswood,  apologizing 
for  arrest  of,  25 ;  mentioned,  24, 
28,  172,  180,  185,  355,  440,  447, 
456,  469,  476 

Pendleton,  Edmund,  opposes  resolu- 
tions against  Stamp  Act  in  Assembly 
of  Va.,  389,  400 

Penn,  Granville,  gifts  of  to  the  Hist. 
Soc.  Pa.,  269 

Penn,  Granville,  John,  visits  rooms  of 

the    Hist.    Soc.    Pa.,    272;     presents 

wampun  belt  to  same,  272 

Penn,    John,    James    Logan    to,    122 ; 

extracts  from  Cash  Book  of,  487 
Penn,  William,  grant  of  East  Vincent 
Township  by,  75,  charter  of,  grantee 
by    Charles   II,    1681,    130;     limited 
rights    of    people    under,    130-132 
power    of,    under,    130;     frame    of 
Government  of,  1682,  132  ;   amended 
1683,  137  ;    appoints  John  Blackwel 
Deputy    Governor    of    Pennsylvania 
143 ;     new    frame    of    Government 
1696,  152  ;    arrives  in  Pennsylvania 
1699,   153;     in   Council,   1700,   153 
draws   up   new   charter,   1683,    138 
1701,  155  ;    defence  of  Wig  of,  238  ; 
Society   for   the   Commemoration   of 
the    Landing   of,    1824,    241;     John 
Blackwell   to,   244;    portrait  of,   in 
armor,   presented   to   the   Hist.   Soc. 
Pa.,   by   Granville   Penn,   269 
Penn's  Treaty  with  the  Indians,   pur- 
chased by  Joseph  Harrison,   273 
Penn  and  Logan  Correspondence,  pub- 
lication of,  268 
Penn   Papers,   purchased  by  the   Hist. 

Soc.    Pa.,    275 

Pennebaecker,  Cornelius,  196 
Pennebaecker,  Henry,   196,   197 
Pennington,  Edward,   72 


Pennock,  J.  E.  and  A.  L.,  builders 
of  the  new  fireproof  building  of 
the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  258 
Pennsylvania,  Charter  of,  granted  by 
Charles  II,  1681,  130;  frame  of 
Government  of,  drawn  up,  1682, 
132  ;  Provincial  Council  and  Assem- 
bly of,  chosen,  1683,  132  ;  naturali- 
zation of  all  living  in,  before  Penn's 
arrival,  134  ;  frame  of  Government 
amended,  1683,  137 ;  new  charter 
of,  1683,  138;  new  frame  of  Gov- 
ernment, 1696,  152 ;  new  charter 
of,  1701,  155 ;  Gleanings  in  Eng- 
land, by  Lothrop  Withington,  190 ; 
Gleanings  in  Ireland,  by  Lothrop 
Withington,  478 

Pennsylvania     Loyalists,     First     Bat- 
talion of,   recruiting  poster  of,   240 
Pennypacker,      Dr.      Isaac     Anderson, 
History     of     Schuylkill     Township, 
Chester  Co.,  prepared  by,  271 
Pennypacker,  Samuel  W.,  Introduction 
to   East  Vincent  Township,   Chester 
County,  Penna.,  by,  74 ;    presides  at 
formal    opening    of    the    new    fire- 
proof building  of  the  Hist.   Soc.  of 
Pa.,    ,258;      address     of,    260-284; 
Trustee     of     Building    Fund,     278 ; 
member  of  Committee  on  Fireproof 
Building,  278 ;    presides  at  the  din- 
ner of  the  Hist.   Soc.  Pa.,  292,  296 
Perry,  John,  225 
Peters,  George,  102 
Philadelphia     Light     Dragoons,     First 
Troop  of,  1 ;    attached  to  the  Brit- 
ish  Legion,  2 ;    Muster  Roll   of,   3  : 
Robert    Proud    describes    occupation 
of,    by   the    British,    62-64,    70-73; 
dancing  assembly,  243  ;  line  of  march 
of    troops    through,    August,    1777, 
443-446 

Philips,    Josiah,    opinion    of    Thomas 
Jefferson  on  case  of,  401,  403,  406 

Phillips,  Ensign ,  347 

Phillips,  Lawrence,   227,   228 
Pickering,    Col.    John,    Col.    Alexander 

Spotswood  to,   25 
Pickering.  Col.  Timothy,  23,  340,  345, 

439,    448,    451,    459,    470 
Pike,  Richard,    195 
Piles.  Esther,  220 
Pirates  on  the  Delaware,  487 

Polk,  Col.  ,  471 

Polk,   James  K.,  elected  a  member  of 

the    Hist.    Soc.    Pa.,    272 
Ponsler,  John,  222 
Porter,  James,  221 


526 


Index. 


Porter,     Capt.     Robert,     Col.     Stephen 

Hyland  to,  489 
Portia,  Lewis,    102 
Posey,  William,  204 
Powell,  Robert,   221 
Pride,  Ensign    William,    sentenced    by 

court  martial,  354 
Princeton,  Battle  of,  described  by  John 

Burrows,   421 
Priser,  Frederick,  204 
Proctor,  Isaac,    tried    by    court    mar 

tial,   341 

Proud,  John,   Robert  Proud   to,   70 
Proud,  Robert,   writes  regarding  occu- 
pation of  Philadelphia  by  the  Brit- 
ish,    62-73 ;     letters     of,     62 ;     to 
William    Proud,    62,    67;     to    John 
Proud,  70 
Proud,     William,     Robert     Proud     to, 

62,  67 

Provincial     Council     of     Pennsylvania 
chosen,      1683,     132 ;      rights     and 
power  of,   132-134,   138,  139,   141 
Publication    'Fund,     contributions    to, 

274 

Pugh,  James,   95 

Pulaski,    Brigadier-Gen.    Casimir,    ap- 
pointed    by      Congress,      Chief     of 
Dragoons,  471 
Puriol,  John,  218 

Quill,  Thomas,    118 
Quinn,  John,  227 
Quinn,  Sophia,  214 

Radiere,  M.  de  la  Baileul,  473 

Ralne,  Nathaniel,  115 

Raine,  Thomas,    224 

Ralston,  James,  195 

Ralston,  John,  conducts  General 
Washington  to  Reading,  362-365 ; 
death  of,  367 

Ralston,  Judge  John,  82,  84,  85,  86 

Ralston,  Robert,  82,  84,   85,  87 

Handle,  Margaret,  224 

Randolph,  John,  signs  license  of  Pat- 
rick Henry  as  a  lawyer,  388 

Randolph,  Peter,   390,   399 

Randolph,     Peyton,     signs     license     of 
Patrick  Henry  as  a  lawyer,  388  ;    op- 
poses    resolutions     against     Stamp 
Act,  in  Assembly  of  Va.,   389,   399 
400 

Ranfurly,     Earl    of    to    Hon.     S.     W 
Pennypacker,  292 

Rapp,  Barnhard,  212 

Rapp,  Philip,  211 

Rawle,  Francis,   153 

Rawle,  William,  first  President  of  the 
Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  264 


Rawle,  William,  Jr.,  present  at  first 
meeting  of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  263; 
member  of  first  Council  of  Hist. 
Soc.  Pa.,  264 

Rawle,     William     Brooke,      originates 
movement  for  new  fireproof  building 
of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  277 ;    Trustee 
of    Building    Fund    and    member    of 
Committee    on    Fireproof    Building, 
Hist.   Soc.  Pa.,  278 
Read,  Com.   George   C.,   272 
Ready,  Nicholas,   228 

Rebenack,  Rev. ,  209 

Record    of    servants    and    apprentices 
bound     and    assigned    before     Hon. 
John  Gibson,  Mayor  of  Philadelphia, 
1772-1773,   99,   213 
Reeburg,  William,  119 
Reed,  Joseph,    member   of    first    Coun- 
cil of  the  Hist.   Soc.  Pa.,  264 
Reed,    William    B.,    first    Secretary    of 
Council  of  the  Hist.   Soc.  Pa.,  265; 
makes    address    at    opening    of    the 
hall   at    the    Athenaeum,    266 ;    men- 
tioned,  268 

Reformed    Church    Graveyard,    South- 
ampton   Township,     Bucks    County, 
Penna.,    epitaphs   in,   234 
Reiff,   Capt.   Daniel,   Roll  of  Company 
of,    in    the    Revolution,    contributed 
by  Rev.   A.   Stapleton,  491 
Reilly,  Christopher,   228 
Reily,  Thomas,   226 
Reineck,  John    Chritn.,    99 
Reineek,  Ludwig,   101,   111 
Reineek,  Maria   Elizabeth,    101,    118 
Reinhard,  George,    203 
Reinhard,  Uley,    202 
Reinhard,  Uley   R.,    202 
Reinhold,  Elizabeth,  107 
Rentgen,  Christian,  377 
Rentgen,  Clement,    90,    207,    375,    376, 

377 

Rentgen,  Peter,   377 
Revolutionary   soldiers,    monument   to, 
German    Reformed    Church,    Vincent 
Township,  362 

Reyburn,    Hon.    John    E.,    address    of, 

at  dinner  at  formal  opening  of  the 

new  building  of  the  Hist.   Soc.   Pa., 

309 

Reynolds,  Thomas,  sentenced  by  court 

martial,  359 

Rhodwaldt,  Frederick,  81,  84 
Rice,  Zacharias,  205,  208 
Richards,     Louis,     contributes     letters 
to   Gov.    Joseph    Hiester,    235 ;    con- 
tributes  Proceedings    of   Convention 
which  nominated  Joseph  Hiester  for 
Governor,    247 


Index. 


527 


Richedson,   Maj.   Holt,   28 

Riddle,  Richard,   107 

Riddle,  Thomas,   219 

Riffet,  Nathan,  218 

Rifly,  Adam,   216 

Riggen,  Charles,   117 

Rintleman,  John   Fred.,  217 

Riphart,  John,    440 

Roads,  John,   195,   196 

Roark,  Henry,  119 

Robbins,  Ensign    John,    24 

Robins,  Edward,  member  of  Committee 

on   Fireproof   Building  of  the   Hist 

Soc.   Pa.,   278 

Robinson,  John,  Speaker  and  Treasurer 
of  Assembly,   devises  scheme  for  pub 

lie  loan,  388 
Robinson,  John,   112 
Robinson,  Pat,   141 
Robinson,  Thomas,   227 
Robinson,  Maj.   Thomas,   184 
Roche,  Thomas,  attempt  of  British  to 

burn   buildings   of,    423 
Roger,  Benjamin,    207 
Rogers,  Bridget,    107 
Rogers,  James,   90,   196,   197,   211 
Rogers,  Jonathan,  90 
Rogers,  Joseph,   90,   210 
Rogers,  Owen,  102 
Rogers,  Thomas,    119 
Rogers,  William,  90,  97,  210 
Rohds,  Henry,  195 
Rohds,  John,  195 
Rohds,  Peter,  196 
ROHRER   Records,    484 
Rok,  George,   195,   198 
Root,  David,  83,  197,  207 
Root,  W.,    95 
Root,  Sebastian,  83,  204 

Ross,  Brigade  Major  ,  462 

Ross,  Lieut. -Col.  James,  447 
Rourke,  Daniel,    221 
Rowan,  John,    121  - 

Rox,     Corporal     Adam,     sentenced    by 

court  martial,  358 

Roy,  Lieut.  Col. ,  358 

Royer,  Benjamin.  197 

Royle,  Corporal   Thomas,   3 

Royson,    Thomas,    lottery    tickets    sold 

by,  40 
Ruddle,  John,    extract    from    will    of, 

479 

Rush,  Major  ,  27 

Rush.  Sergeant  Henry,   3 

RUSSELL,       query      concerning,      by 

Horace  Mather  Lippincott,  255 
Russell,  Richard,  223 
Ruthrauff,  Rev.     Frederick,    209,    210 
Ryan,  Maj.    Michael,    38,    170,   179 


Sadleigh,  Margaret,    119 

Sahler,  William,   93 

Saiffer,  Michal,    211 

St.  Peter's  Church,  Pikeland,  list  of 
persons  burled  in  graveyard  of,  206 

St.  Peter's  Church,  Trediffryn  Town- 
ship, 83 

St.  Zion's  Church,  84 

Sandford,  Capt.  Thomas,  Troop  of, 
attached  to  the  Queen's  Rangers, 
Long  Island,  2  ;  transferred  to  the 
British  Legion,  2 ;  Bucks  County 
Light  Dragoons  recruited  by,  2 

Saudridge,  Augustine,  appointed  Quar- 
termaster, Sixth  Va.  Regt.,  452 

Savage,  Samuel,  81 

Sayres,  Lieut.-Col.  John,  officer  of 
court  martial,  351 ;  mentioned,  26, 
182,  472 

Scheller,  George    Frederick,    108 

Schenediffer,  Adam,   119 

Schenediffer,  Anna  Maria,  119 

Schenediffer,  Dorothy,  119 

Schenediffer,  Hans  George,   119 

Schmid,  Henry,   362 

Schmit,  Valentine,    362 

Schnider,  John,  362 

Schnider,  Thomas,  361,  362 

Schnitzer,  George,  216 

Scott,  Gen.  Charles,  order  of  march 
of  Brigade  of,  through  Philadel- 
phia, August,  1777,  444  ;  mentioned, 
23,  38,  174,  182,  351,  358,  443, 
450,  458,  474,  476 

Scott,  Christopher,    104 

Scott,  Joseph,  appointed  Brigade 
Major,  450 ;  mentioned,  462 

Scott,  Capt.   Joseph,   351 

Scott,  William,  extract  from  will  of, 
478 

Scott,  Gen.  Winfleld,  272 

Sears,  see    Sayres 

Seeler,  Philip,    362 

Selections  from  the  Letter-Books  of 
Thomas  Wharton,  of  Philadelphia, 
1773-1783,  41 

Sellers,  Philip,    362 

Seiner,  Conrad,   82,    83,   205,   206 

Servants  and  apprentices  bound  and 
assigned  before  Hon.  John  Gibson, 
Mayor  of  Philadelphia,  1772-1773, 
99,  213 

Sexin,  Barbara,    105 

Seyfert,  Conrad,   225 

Shantz,  Jacob,  buried  in  Brauer's 
Graveyard,  202 ;  mentioned,  199 

Sharick,  Henry,  120 

Sharpe,    William,    228 

Sharswood,  George,    272 


628 


Index. 


Shaw,  Nathaniel,    Jr.,    Thomas    Whar 

ton   to,   53 

Shearer,  Conrad,    212,    361 
Sheeder,      Frederick,      East      Vincent 
Township,    Chester    County,    Penna. 
74,    194,    361 ;     biographical    sketch 
of,  74,  77;    property  of,  91,  94,  96 
Sheeder,  Henry,   207 
Sheeler,  John,   86 

Shelburne,  Col.  ,  22 

Sheldon,     Col.     Elisha,     President    of 
Court   Martial,    339,    358 ;    order   of 
march     of     Regiment     of,     through 
Philadelphia,     August,    1777,     444 ; 
mentioned,  30,  177 
Shenfelter,   John,   362 
Sheppard,  John,  119 
Sheriff  paid  to  release  a  prisoner,  487 
Shibe,  Casper,  108 
Shoemaker,  Gertrude,  214 
Shoemaker,  Robert,  114 
Shoener,  C.,    207 
Shoenholz,  John,  361,  362 
Shoenholz,  Martin,   195,   211 
Short     Hills,      engagement      at,      de- 
scribed by  John  Burrows,  421 
Shott,  John,    211 
Shott,  William,  362 
Shrieve,     Col.     Israel,     President     of 

Court  Martial,   38,   180,   182,  183 
Shrunk,  George,   110 
Shuler,  John,    85,    195 
Shuler,  William,    92,   204 
Shuman,  John,   207 
Shuman,  Peter,  208 
Shunck,  Peter,  212 
Shunk,   E.,   196 
Shunk,  Francis  R.,  elected  a  member 

of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  272 
Shunk,  Simon,    361,    362 
Shunk,  T.,  196 
Shurer,  Conrad,    362 
Sifert,  Michal,  362 
Simeda,  Anthony,    111 
Simmer,  William,  221 
Simmers,  Joseph,    108 
Sinims,  see   Symmes 
Sinclair,    Capt.,    seized    by    Dr.    John 

Conolly,   42 

Sketch  of  Col.  Ephraim  Martin  of 
the  New  Jersey  Continental  Line, 
480 

Slour,  John,    109 
Smallwood,  Col.,  29 
Smallwood,    Gen.    William,    order    of 
march    to    Swede's    Ford,    Sept.    13, 
1777,   467 ;    George  Washington   to, 
496 
Smart,  Samuel,   219 


Smart,  Sarah,  219 

Smith,    Lieut.    ,    tried    by    court 

martial,    346;     mentioned,    24,    349, 
440 

Smith,    Daniel    A.,    member    of    first 
Council  of  the  Hist.    Soc.   Pa.,  264 
Smith,    George,    Junr.,    99 
Smith,  George  Washington,  present  at 
first  meeting  of  the  Hist.   Soc.  Pa., 
263 ;    first    Recording    Secretary    of 
the  Hist.    Soc.    Pa.,  264 
Smith,  John,  224 
Smith,  Lieut.  John,  sentenced  by  court 

martial,  342 
Smith,  Nicholas,   226 
Smith,    Lieut.     Samuel,    sentenced    by 

court  martial,  175 
Smith,  Thomas,    shot   at   Middlebrook, 

341 

Smith,  Thomas,   104 
Smith,  William,    tried    by    court    mar- 
tial, 341 

Smith,  William,   114 
Smith,  Yost,   211 
Smyth,  James,   227 
Sneider,  George,    96 
Snider,  Caspar,    211,    212,    361 
Snider,  Nicholas,   195,   207 
Snider,  Thomas,  96,   211 
Societies  sending  messages  of  congratu- 
lation to  the  Hist.   Soc.  Pa.,  284 
Soicher,  Stephen,  106 
Sopp,  Thomas,  223 
Souder,  John,  117 
Spaunin,   Susanna,   100 
Spencer,     Col.     Oliver,     President    of 
Court  Martial,  348,  354,  355 ;   men 
tioned,   38,  179 

Spotswood,  MaJ.  ,    176 

Spotswood,  Col.  Alexander,  to  Col. 
John  Pickering,  apologizing  for  ar- 
rest  of  Major  Valentine  Peers,  25  ; 
mentioned,  21,  22,  23,  28,  174,  450, 
462 
Springer,  Levi,  sentenced  by  court 

martial,  182 
Springfield,   Battle   of,   description   of, 

by  Gen.   John  Burrows,  424-425 
Stacy,  Richard,   214 
Stah],  Christian,  362 
Stamp    Act,    opposed    in    Virginia    As- 
sembly, 389,  398 
Stapleton,    Rev.    A.,    contributes    Roll 
of  Capt.  Daniel  Reiff's  Company  in 
the  Revolution,  491 
Stark,  Brigadier-Gen.  John,  victory  of, 

at  Battle  of  Bennington,  443 
State  House,  query  as  to  who  was  the 
architect  of,  498 


Index. 


529 


Stateback,  Christopher,  113 

Steel,  Catherine,  106 

Steele,  Capt.   John,   175 

Steffan,  Philip,  862 

Steger,  Peter,   362 

Stephen,  Gen.  Adam,  order  of  march 
of  Division  of,  through  Philadel- 
phia. August,  1777,  444 ;  order  of 
march,  Sept.  13,  1777,  467;  men- 
tioned. 22,  23,  26,  27,  28,  30,  35. 
38,  172,  174,  178,  182,  184,  340, 
352,  357,  440,  442,  443,  447,  450, 
460,  463,  470,  472,  474 

Stephen,  Col.  E.,  President  of  a 
Court  Martial,  24,  351 ;  mentioned, 
23,  166 

Stephens,  William,   101 

Sterrett,  Major  William,  470 

Stevens,  Gen.    Edward,   170 

Steward,  Corporal    Charles,    3 

Stewart,  Charles,  appointed  Commis- 
sary General  of  Issues,  344 

Stewart,  Admiral  Charles,  272 

Stewart,  Maj.  John,  tried  by  court 
martial,  20 

Stewart,  Col.  Walter,  President  of 
Court  Martial,  38,  166,  167 ;  men- 
tioned, 183,  347,  358,  462 

Stewart,  William,  228 

Stickel,  Jacob,   362 

Stine,  Philip,    362 

Stirling,  Major-Gen.  William  Alexan- 
der, order  of  march  of  Division  of, 
through  Philadelphia,  August,  1777, 
444 ;  order  of  march  to  Swede's 
Ford,  Sept.  13,  1777,  467 ;  men- 
tioned, 21,  22,  27,  29,  30,  38,  166, 
170,  172,  174,  179,  181,  182,  185, 
340,  351,  355,  359,  443,  458,  462, 
463.  468,  472,  475 

STITES,  Anna,  483 

STITES,  Martha,   483 

STITES,  Samuel,    483 

Stitlers,  Henry,    87 

Stock,  John,   226 

Stoever,  F.,  369 

Stone,  Adam,    195 

Stone,  Frederick  D.,  277 

Stone,  James,  extract  from  will  of, 
193 

Stone,  Col.    John    Hawkins,    29 

Storch,  Ludwig,    104,    105 

Stoys,  Matthew,   227 

Strawcutter,  John,  105 

Strickland,  Hugh,   85 

Strickland,  Nimrod,  85 

Struggle  and  Rise  of  Popular  Power 
in  Pennsylvania's  First  Two  De- 
cades, by  H.  Frank  Eshleman,  129 


Stuart,  Lieut.  Col.  Dugald,  to  Hon. 
S.  W.  Pennypacker,  President,  293 

Stuart,  Hon.  Edwin  S.,  to  Hon.  8. 
W.  Pennypacker,  294 

Sullivan,  Sergeant  Thomas  H.  M., 
Forty-ninth  Regiment  of  Foot, 
Journal  of,  229 ;  Some  Account 
of  Vice  Admiral  Howe's  Voyage 
from  Elk  River,  Md.,  to  Billings- 
port,  N.  J.,  from  Journal  of,  241 

Sullivan,  Gen.  John,  Thomas  Wharton 
to,  55,  56 ;  order  of  march  to 
Swede's  Ford,  Sept.  13,  1777,  467; 
to  John  Hancock,  467 ;  defends 
his  action  at  Battle  or  Brandy- 
wine,  497 ;  mentioned,  23,  27,  29, 
462,  463,  465,  469,  472,  474,  476 

Sully,  Thomas  Register  of  Portraits 
of,  1801-1871,  by  Charles  Henry 
Hart,  addenda  and  corrigenda,  331 

Sumner,  Col.  Jethro,   168,   174,   187 

Swaine,  Brigade  Major ,  sentenced 

by  court  martial,  441 ;  mentioned, 
26,  28,  35,  169,  178,  184,  349,  450 

Sweeney,  James,   219 

Swinehard,  John,  87 

Syears,  see  Sayres 

Symmes,  Capt.  Jonathan,  182 

Taaffe,  Patrick,  102 

Tagert,    Patrick,    219 

Taliaferro,    Lieut.-Col.    William,    37 

Taliaferro,  Maj.  William,  23 

Talwin,  Joseph,    Thomas   Wharton    to, 

57 

Taney,  Michael,  77,  211 
Tarleton,  Lieut.-Col.    Banestre,   2 
Tate,  Rev.   James,   183,   189 
Taylor,   Major         — ,   462,    473 
Taylor,  George,    100 
Terrill,  Capt.   Henry,   25 
Thackum,  Thomas,  351 
Thompson,  Aaron,  228 
Thillen,  Anna   Cath.,   121 
Thomas,  Anna  Margaret,  113 
Thomas,  Arthur,  118 
Thomas,  Benjamin,    82 
Thomas,  David,  87 
Thomas,  James,  87,  111 
Thomas,  John,    82,    84,    86,    225 
Thomas,  Jonathan,   81 
Thomas,  Masle,  96 
Thomas,  Philip,    96 
Thomas,  William,    362 
Thompson,  George,   117 
Thompson,  Major     Robert,     grant     of 

land  by   William   Penn   to,    75 
Thompson,  Susannah,  214 
Thorn,  Samuel,   103 


530 


Index. 


Thornton,     Presley     Peter,     appointed 

Aide-de-Camp    to    Gen.    Washington, 

459 

Till,  Elizabeth,    103 
Titlow,  Henry,   204 
Titlow,  John,     95 
Tody,  Job,    199 

Toliver,  Lieut.-Col.  ,  438 

Tower,  Hon.  Charlemagne,  Toastmaster 

at  dinner  at  formal  opening  of  the 

new  building  of  the  Hist.   Soc.   Pa., 

292-335 

Tower,  Michal,  195,  198 
Tracy,  William,   104 
Trapple,  Jacob,   113 
Trevelyan,    Sir   George   Otto,    to    Hon. 

S.    W.    Pennypacker,    295 
Trimby,  Daniel,   224 
Troy,  Daniel,  108 
Trumbull,  Joseph,  Commissary  General 

of   Purchases,   344 
Tuck,  Sergeant  John,  3 
Tucker,  Charlotte,   101 
Tully,  William,  222 
Tuncks,  William,    114 
Tunes,  Anthony,   198 
Tupper,    Martin    Farquhar,    272 
Turmucl,    Maria,   225 
Turner,  Abraham,  196 
Turner,    Rev.    C.    H.    B.,    contributes 

Genealogical    Notes    of    the    Darby 

Family,  489 
Turner,  Neil,  110 
Turner,  Robert,   153 
Tyson,  Job  R.,  268 

TJlrick,  John   Peter,   105 

tlndersee,  Conrad,    101,    219 

Union  Library  Company  of  Philadel- 
phia, form  of  Certificate  issued  by, 
488 

University  of  Pennsylvania,  list  of 
medical  graduates  of  whom  informa- 
tion is  desired,  499 

Vaghorne,  William,   221 

Valley  Forge  Muster  Roll,  presented 
to  Commissioners  of  Valley  Forge 
by  Hon.  P.  C.  Knox,  493 ;  men- 
tioned, 70 

Vanderslice,  Mr.,   Wagon  Master,  351 

Vandyke,  Lieut.-Col.  John,  West 
Jersey  Volunteers  commanded  by,  1 

Vanurinckle,   John,   110 

Varnum,  Gen.  James  M.,  26 

Vaux,  Roberts,  writes  to  John  F.  Wat- 
son on   subject  of  a  Historical   So 
ciety,    262 ;    presides    at   first    meet- 


ing of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  263;  first 
Vice-President  of  the  Hist.  Soc. 
Pa.,  264;  reads  first  paper  before 
the  Hist .  Soc .  Pa . ,  264  ;  men- 
tioned, 268 

Venall,  James,    116 

Verner,  Philip,    224 

Vernon,  Gen.  ,  22 

Verree,    Joseph,   letter   of,    236 

Vicker,  John,   102 

Vincent,  Sir  Mathew,  grant  of  land 
by  William  Penn  to,  75 

Voigt,  Henry,  378 

Voight,  Ludwig,    205,    207,    208,    209 

Volgress,  Jacob,   87 

Wade,    Corporal   Patrick,    3 

Wagg,  John,    114 
Waggoner,  Elizabeth,     216 

Wagner,  Jacob,   361 

Wagner,  John,  195 

Wagner,  Sebastian,   361,   362 

Waker,  Joshua,   85 

Walbank,  Thomas,  Quartermaster,  3 

Walker,  Sergeant  John,  sentenced  by 
court  martial,  175 

Walker,  Rachael,  218 

Wallace,  John  William,  President 
delivers  an  address  at  opening  of 
new  building  of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa., 
1872,  276 

Walmsley,  William  M.,  first  Treasurer 
of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  264 

Walna,  Corporal  Nicholas,  sentenced 
by"  court  martial,  358 

Walsh,  John,  226 

Walter,  John,  208 

Walter,  William,    208 

Wampole,  Rev.    Jacob,  209 

Wampum  belt  presented  to  Hist.  Soc. 
Pa.,  by  Granville  John  Penn,  272 

Ward,  Townsend,  receives  contribu- 
tions for  Publication  and  Building 
Funds,  274 

Ward,  William,   227 

Warner,  Charles,  221 

Warner,  Elizabeth,  120 

Wartman,  Mathias,  208 

Washington,  George,  leaving  Yellow 
Springs,  82 ;  brings  sick  from 
Spring  Hospital  to  St.  Zlon  and 
Hill  Churches,  196 ;  conducted  to 
Reading  by  John  Ralston,  363-365 ; 
stays  at  house  of  John  Burrows, 
opposite  Trenton,  420 ;  informs  the 
army  of  victory  at  the  Battle  of 
Bennington,  442-443 ;  to  Gen. 
Smallwood,  496 

Washnam,   Ensign  ,   360 


Index. 


531 


Watkin,  Robert,    84 
Watklns,  John,  223 
Watkins,  Thomas,  88 
Watson,      Lieut. -Col.  — ,      Troops 

under     command     of,     2 ;      Muster 
Roll  of,  6 

Watson,      John      F.,      Roberts      Vaux 
writes    to,    regarding    a     Historical 
Society,     262 ;     original    manuscrip 
of   annals   of,    262,   269,    283 

Watson,  Richard,  extract  from  will 
of,  470 

Watson,  Thomas,  221 

Wayne,  Gen.  Anthony,  order  of  march, 
Sept.  13,  1777,  467;  Robert  Morris 
to,  contributed  by  Charles  Henry 
Hart,  492 ;  mentioned,  23,  38,  172, 
179,  352  443,  460,  468 

Weaver,  Samuel,  75,  76 

Webb,  William,  Account  of,  of  His 
Journey  to  the  Conoys,  251 

Wedner,  Daniel,   85 

Weedon,  Gen.  George,  order  of  march 
of  Brigade  of,  through  Philadel- 
phia, August,  1777,  444 ;  order  of 
march,  Sept.  13,  1777,  467;  men- 
tioned, 23,  24,  31,  172,  180,  186, 
188,  189,  355,  440,  447,  450,  451, 
452,  455,  456,  465,  472 

Weiargan,  Patrick,  109 

Weismlller,   Henry,  101 

Weldon,  Rev.    W.,    210 

Weller,  Peter,   21 

Wells,  Sergeant  Enoch,  sentenced  by 
court  martial,  358 

Wells,  James,   195,    196 

Wells,  William  Hill,  settles  in  Tioga 
County,  431 

Weltner,    Maj.    Ludowick,    169 

West,  Benjamin,  Holograph  Manu- 
script Collections  of,  acquired  by 
Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  495 

West.  James,    119 

West  Jersey  Volunteers,  commanded 
by  Lieut. -Col.  John  Vandyke,  1 

West    New   Jersey    Society,    75 

Westfall,  Ensign  Cornelius,  sentenced 
by  court  martial,  342 

Weston,  Anthony,  whipped  by  order 
of  William  Penn,  141 

Wettner,   Lieut-Col. ,    448 

Weyland,  Simon,  218 

Wharton,  Joseph,  to  Samuel  Whartoii 
41 

Wharton,  Samuel,  Thomas  Wharton 
to,  43,  45,  48,  52 ;  Joseph  Wharton 
to,  41 

Wharton,  Thomas,  selections  from  the 
Letter-Books  of,  1773-1783,  41 


to  Samuel  Wharton,  43,  45,  48,  52  ; 
to  Sir  John  Johnson,  50 ;  to 
Nathaniel  Shaw,  Jr.,  53 ;  to  John 
Alsop,  54 ;  to  Gen.  John  Sullivan, 
55,  56;  writes  to  Gen.  John  Sul- 
livan in  behalf  of  Hudson  Burr,  55- 
57 ;  to  Thomas  Corbyn,  57 ;  to 
Joseph  Talwin,  57 ;  to  Joseph 
Galloway,  60 
Wharton,  Thomas  I.,  first  meeting  of 
the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  held  at  house 
of,  263 ;  member  of  first  Count  il 
of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  264 

Whiner,  Corporal  Henry,  sentenced  by 
court  martial,  358 

Whitby,  William,  194 

White,   Lieut. -Col.   Anthony  W.,  Presi- 
dent of  court  martial,  440 

White,  Jane,  113 

White,  John,  condemns  laws  of  Coun- 
cil, 141 

White,    Col.     John,    charges    against, 
350 ;  mentioned,  344,  345 

White,    Thomas,    sentenced    by    court 
martial,  24 

White,    Thomas    H.,    member   of    first 
Council  of  the  Hist.   Soc.   Pa.,  264 

Wiant,   Philip,   362 

Wigg,  George    Samuel,    75,    76 

Wilcox,    Edward,    sentenced    by    court 
martial,  358 

Wilkinson,  John,  228 

Wilkinson,  William,    114 

Williams,  Maj. ,  174 

Williams,  John,    223 

Williams,  Major  William,  474 

Willing,  Charles,  extract  from  will 
of,  191 

Willis,  Lieut.-Col. ,   29 

Willis,  Lieut-Col.    Lewis,    180 

Willson,  John,  83 

Willson,  Thomas,  83 

Wilson,  Alexander,    112 

Wilson,  James,    85.   87 

Wilson,  Jane,  223 

Wilson,  John,    198,    199 

Wilson,  William,   96 

Wincash,  Human,  sentenced  by  court 
martial,  167 

Winey,  Juliana,   119 

Winter,  Frederick,  99 

Winters,  James,   112 

Wirt,  William,  writes  to  Thomas  Jef- 
ferson for  information  about  Patrick 
Henry,  385-416 ;  to  Thomas  Jeffer- 
son, 385,  386,  396,  403,  404,  409, 
411,  415,  416,  417 

Wishart,  Lieut.  Thomas,  sentenced  by 
court  martial,  440 


532 


Index. 


Wistar,  Dr.  Caspar,  present  at  first 
meeting  of  the  Hist.  Soc.  Pa.,  263 

Witherspoon,  Maj.  James,  167,  351, 
357,  448 

Withington,  Lothrop,  Pennsylvania 
Gleanings  in  England,  by,  190 ; 
Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  Ireland, 
by,  478 

Wood,  Isaac,   102 

Wood,  Col.  James,  President  of  Court 
Martial,  336,  346,  348,  474,  475 

Wood,  Joseph,  Commissary  General, 
338 

Wood,  William,    217 

Woodford,  Gen.  William,  order  of 
march  of  Brigade  of,  through  Phila- 
delphia, August,  1777,  444 ;  men- 
tioned, 21,  22,  26-29,  166,  173, 
182,  183,  352,  438,  462 

Woodrow,  John,  218 

Woodson,   Lieut.   Robert,   337 

Woodward,    87 

Woodward,    James,    100 

Woolford,  Lieut.-Col.  Thomas,  472 

Woolley,  Edmund,  query  regarding, 
and  receipt  of,  498 

Woster,    Catherine,    225 

Wright,  William,    103,    355 

Wythe,  George,  refuses  to  sign  license 
of  Patrick  Henry  as  a  lawyer,  388 ; 


opposes    resolutions    against    Stamp 
Act  in  Assembly  of  Va.,  389,  400 

Yardlay,  Thomas,    216 

Yarstow,    Capt.    —  — ,    169 

Yeager,  George,    196,    212,    362 

Yeager,  Henry,    90 

Yeager,  John,   196,  212,  361 

Yeager,  Peter,    212 

Yeager,  William,  82 

Yost,  Conrad,   197 

Yost,  Frederick,  197 

Young,  George,  203 

Young,  John,  buried  in  German  Re- 
formed Graveyard,  Vincent  Town- 
ship, 203 ;  mentioned,  81,  85,  89, 
365 

Youngblood,   Isaac,   97 

Yourt,  John,    220 

Zauch,  Catherine,    103 

Ziegler,  Zacharias,  207 

Zimmerman,  Henry,  112 

Zinn,  John,   213 

Zion  Church,  Pikeland,  list  of  per- 
sons buried  in  Graveyard  of,  207, 
208 

Zublin,  David,  buried  in  Brauer's 
Graveyard,  202 


F 
U6 

P65 


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