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HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 


VoL  XXXIX 


PHILADELPHIA: 
PUBLICATION  FUND  OF 

THE   HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF   PENNSYLVANIA, 

No.   1300  LOCUST  STREET. 

1915 


r 

I 

P65 


CONTENTS  OF  VOLUME  XXXIX. 


I'AGB 

Penn  versus  Baltimore.  Journal  of  John  Watson,  Assistant  Sur- 
veyor to  the  Commissioners  of  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania, 
December  13-March  18,  1750/51.  By  John  W.  Jordan 1 

David  Gar  rick  and  "Old  Penn."  An  Historic  Programme  showing 
the  Actor's  Interest  in  the  Infant  University.  By  Edward 
Ifobins.  (Illustrated.)  48 

Hon.    Jacob    Rush,    of    the    Pennsylvania    Judiciary.      By    Louis 

Richards 53 

Delaware  Memorial  at  Valley  Forge 69 

The  Old  Patterson  Mansion,  the  Maater  and  his  Guests.     By  Mrs. 

Lindsay  Patterson 80 

Story  of  the  Ship  "Good  Friends"  98 

Notes  and  Queries   108,  218,  375,  480 

Book  Notices 124,  252,  383,  508 

Johan  Classon  Rising,  the  last  Director  of  New  Sweden,  on  the 

Delaware.    By  A mandus  Johnson,  Ph.D.     (Illustrated.)    129 

Narrative  or  Journal  of  Capt.  John  Ferdinand  Dalziel  Smyth,  of 

the  Queen's  Rangers   143 

The  First  Coal  Mining  Company  of  the  Lehigh  Region 170 

Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licenses,  1742-1748   176,  364, 434 

Life  in  a  Frontier  Fort  during  the  Indian  War 186 

Registers  Granted  at  the  Port  of  Philadelphia  in  the  Quarter  end- 
ing 5th  of  January,  1775  192 

A  Versification  of  the  Letter  of  the  Committee  of  Accounts,  to  the 

President  of  Congress,  1779 : 196 

''The  Case  of  the  Proprietor  of  Pennsylvania,  &c.,  about  the  Ap- 
pointing a  New  Deputy-Governor"  201 

Letter  of  William  Penn  to  Robert  Turner,  1693   216 

Some  Material  for  a  Biography  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee 

Graeme.    By  Simon  Grata.     (Illustrated.)    257, 385 

Extracts  from  the  Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814  . .  .322,  410 


iv  Contents  of  Volume  XXXIX. 

PAGE 

The  Passing  of  the  Harmonites.     A  Story  of  a  Successful   Com- 
munistic Venture.    By  Clarence  Educurd  Macartney,  A.M.,  D.D.  337 

Six  Months  on  the  Frontier  of  Northampton  County,  Penna.,  Dur- 
ing the  Indian  War,  October  1755-June  1756 345 

Excerpts  from  the  Report  of  the  Council  of  the  Historical  Society 

of  Pennsylvania  for  the  Year  1914 353 

Letter  of  John  Morton  to  Anthony  Wayne,  1776 373 

James   Morrell's   Account  of    a   Trip    to    Ballston    and    Saratoga 

Springs  in  August,  1813 425 

A  Missionary's  Tour  to  Shamokin  and  the  West  Branch  of  the 

Susquehanna,  1753 440 

Letter  of  Dr.  Thomas  Graeme  to  Thomas  Penn,  1750 445 

Early  Documents  of  the  Library  Company  of  Philadelphia,  1733- 

1734    450 

Ctesar  Rodney's  Ride,  July  1776 454 

Four  Gossipy  Letters.    By  J.  C.  Wylie 462 

Excerpts   from  the  Waste   Book   of  the   Sun   Inn   at   Bethlehem, 

Penna.,  1760-1799    469 

Memorial  to  Hon.  James  T.  Mitchell 475 

Memorial  to  John  T.  Morris 478 

Officers  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania 513 

517 


THE 

PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE 

or 

HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 

VOL.  XXXIX.  1915.  No.  1. 

PENN  versus  BALTIMOEE. 

JOURNAL  OF  JOHN  WATSON,  ASSISTANT  SURVEYOR  TO  THE' 
COMMISSIONERS  OF  THE  PROVINCE  OF  PENNSYLVANIA, 
DECEMBER  13-MARCH  18,  1750/51. 

BY  JOHN  W.  JORDAN 

The  failure  of  the  Commissioners  for  the  Provinces 
of  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland,  who  met  in  New  Castle, 
on  Delaware,  in  November  of  1750,  to  agree  whether 
the  twelve  miles  from  the  centre  of  the  circle  was  to 
be  a  radius  or  the  periphery,  and  also  as  to  the  location 
of  Cape  Henlopen,  from  which  the  east  and  west  line 
across  the  peninsula  was  to  be  run  under  the  deed  of 
1732,  adjourned  to  meet  at  Cape  Henlopen,  on  April  22, 
1751.  This  deed  stipulates  in  effect,  for  a  line  due  west 
from  Cape  Henlopen  across  the  peninsula,  whose 
centre  another  line  should  be  drawn  tangent  to  a  circle 
twelve  miles  from  New  Castle,  while  a  meridian  from 
the  tangent  point  should  be  continued  to  within  fifteen 
miles  from  Philadelphia,  whence  should  be  traced  the 
parallel  of  latitude  westward  that  was  to  divide  the 
Provinces.  Should  the  meridian  cut  a  segment  from 
the  circle,  the  segment  was  to  be  a  part  of  New  Castle 
county.  This  parallel  of  latitude  is  the  Mason  and 
Dixon  line  of  history.  It  may  here  also  be  stated,  that 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 1  1 


2  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

the  Cape  Henlopen  referred  to  is  not  the  point  now 
known  as  such  opposite  to  Cape  May,  but  the  point 
where  the  states  of  Delaware  and  Maryland  now  abut 
together  on  the  ocean,  marked  Fenwick  Island,  about 
fifteen  miles  southward  of  the  present  Cape  Henlopen. 

William  Parsons  and  John  Watson  were  appointed 
surveyors  for  the  Penns,  and  John  Emory  and  Thomas 
Jones  for  Lord  Baltimore,  who  were  directed  to  pro- 
ceed with  all  convenient  dispatch  to  Cape  Henlopen 
and  commence  the  survey  at  a  point  on  Fenwick  Island 
as  shall  be  pointed  out  by  Byves  Holt  or  Benjamin 
Chew  and  Eobert  Jenkins  Henry.  They  met  there  on 
December  20,  1750,  and  after  they  had  arranged  pre- 
liminaries, proceeded  to  run  the  east  and  west  line 
across  the  peninsula. 

On  Monday,  April  22,  1751,  the  Commissioners 
pursuant  to  adjournment,  assembled  near  Fenwick 
Island;  representing  the  Penns  were  Willian  Allen, 
Bichard  Peters,  Benjamin  Chew,  Byves  Holt  and 
Tench  Francis,  and  for  Lord  Baltimore,  Benedict  Cal- 
vert,  Bobert  J.  Henry  and  George  Plater.  The  follow- 
ing day  the  latter  were  joined  by  their  associates,  Ed- 
mund Jennings  and  John  Boss,  and  all  "went  over  to 
Fenwick  Island  in  order  to  discover  the  Cape." 

On  Wednesday,  April  24th,  the  Commissioners  on 
behalf  of  the  Penns,  submitted  in  writing  their  opinion 
as  to  the  true  location  of  Cape  Henlopen — "that  the 
ancient  Cape  Henlopen  was  on  some  part  of  Fenwick 
Island,"  and  that  the  lirie  should  be  run  from  the 
middle  of  that  island.  The  Commissioners  for  Lord 
Baltimore  disagreed  with  their  conclusions,  but  on 
April  26th,  the  joint  Commission  agreed  that  the  line 
was  to  begin  and  run  due  west  from  a  point  on  the 
verge  of  the  main  ocean,  where  a  stone  was  placed.  On 
Monday,  April  29th,  owing  to  the  difficulties  which  the 
surveyors  encountered  as  they  approached  Chesapeake 
Bay,  which  delayed  their  work,  the  Commissioners 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  3 

agreed  to  adjourn  to  give  them  additional  time  to  run 
the  line.  The  Secretary's  minute  reads  as  follows: 

"The  Line  being  now  extended  near  to  large 
Morasses  at  the  head  of  Pocomoke  Kiver,  which  on  the 
best  Intelligence  the  Commissioners  can  receive  from 
the  Neighbours,  are  near  thirty  miles  in  Length,  and  ten 
in  Breadth,  and  are  covered  with  Waters  of  great 
Depth,  fallen  Trees  of  a  great  Size  lying  upon  one 
another  and  other  Obstructions  which  must  be  removed, 
and  these  Morasses  can  be  passed  only  by  men  Fording 
on  Foot,  and  that  beyond  these  there  are  others  on  the 
Waters  of  Nanticoke  and  other  Waters  before  the  Line 
can  come  to  Chesepeak  Bay,  so  that  the  Progress  of  the 
Surveyors  through  those  Morasses  must  be  extremely 
slow  and  tedious,  and  it  will  take  up,  as  we  are  told, 
at  least  six  weeks  to  finish  the  Line.  In  order  therefore 
to  allow  sufficient  time  for  that  Purpose  the  Con> 
missioners  do  adjourn  to  the  House  of  the  Widow 
Pollard  in  Dorchester  County  in  the  Province  of  Mary- 
land on  the  fourteenth  day  of  June  next."  Here,  after 
a  conference  of  three  days,  they  adjourned  to  meet  in 
New  Castle  October  7,  following. 

The  ancestors  of  John  Watson,  the  surveyor,  who 
came  to  Pennsylvania,  were  Thomas  Watson,  a  malster 
of  Cumberland,  and  his  wife,  Eleanor  Pearson,  of 
Yorkshire,  England,  and  being  Quakers  their  certificate 
of  removal  is  dated  Pardsey  Cragg,  Cumberland,  23d 
7mo.,  1701.  With  their  sons,  Thomas  and  John,  they 
first  settled  at  a  place  called  " Honey  Hill,"  near 
Bristol,  Bucks  county,  and  finally  about  1704,  on  a 
tract  of  450  acres  in  Buckingham  township.  The 
emigrant  was  a  man  of  considerable  intelligence,  and 
after  establishing  himself  in  Buckingham,  turned  his 
attention  to  medicine  and  built  up  a  large  practice;  he 
was  also  interested  in  the  education  of  the  Indians. 
His  son  Thomas  died  in  middle  age,  leaving  several 
children  who  died  young,  with  the  exception  of  John, 


4  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

later  the  surveyor,  and  a  daughter  Sarah,  who  married 
a  Lewis. 

John  Watson,  born  in  1720,  was  given  all  the  ad- 
vantages that  the  local  schools  afforded,  and  finished 
his  education  at  the  well-known  academy  of  Jacob 
Taylor  in  Philadelphia,  where  he  developed  great  ap- 
titude in  mathematics.  After  qualifying  himself  for 
the  profession  of  a  surveyor,  his  energy  and  ability 
gained  him  an  extensive  practice  both  general  and  local. 
He  was  appointed  by  Surveyor  General  Scull  Deputy 
Surveyor  for  Bucks  county;  at  the  suggestion  of 
Franklin,  he  was  appointed  Secretary  to  Governor 
Morris  while  in  attendance  at  the  Indian  Treaty  of 
1756,  held  at  Easton,  and  in  1760,  John  Penn  offered 
him  the  position  of  Surveyor  General  of  the  Province, 
which  he  declined.  He  is  described  as  being  a  tall, 
heavy  man,  unattractive  in  appearance  and  dress,  and 
among  his  peculiarities  he  had  a  fondness  for  going 
about  barefooted  in  summer,  but  while  surveying, 
wearing  uncommonly  thick  boots,  and  a  very  great 
aversion  to  rattlesnakes,  from  the  bite  of  one  his  father 
had  died.  He  was  also  given  to  writing  and  speaking 
in  verse.  On  one  occasion,  a  man  who  had  been  ar- 
rested for  stealing  a  halter,  begged  him  to  defend  him, 
and  although  the  evidence  was  positive  against  his 
client,  he  secured  his  acquital  through  his  appeal  to  the 
jury  in  impromtu  verse. 

In  1750  John  Watson  was  appointed  one  of  the  two 
surveyors  to  the  Commissioners  for  the  Penns,  in  the 
efforts  that  had  been  carried  on  for  some  years  to  ad- 
just the  boundary  lines  between  the  Provinces  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  Maryland,  in  which  service  he  continued  to 
his  death.  Two  of  his  journals  preserved  in  the  Histori- 
cal Society  of  Pennsylvania  contain  much  valuable  data 
—one  in  connection  with  the  attempt  to  determine  the 
twelve-mile  circle  at  New  Castle,  and  the  other  in  run- 
ning the  east  and  west  boundary  lines  from  Cape 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  5 

Henlopen,  Delaware.  The  first  has  been  printed  in 
the  PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE  OF  HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY, 
October,  1914,  the  other  follows  this  introduction. 

It  was  while  engaged  in  some  survey  work  for  the 
Commissioners,  in  the  summer  of  1761,  that  he  con- 
tracted the  influenza.  He  caught  a  severe  cold  on  a 
very  warm  day  towards  the  end  of  June,  and  such  was 
his  anxiety  to  return  home  for  medical  treatment  that 
he  ceased  work  and  rode  sixty  miles  on  horseback  in 
one  day,  but  was  able  to  reach  the  home  of  William 
Blackfan,  in  Solebury  township,  to  whose  daughter 
Hannah  he  was  engaged,  where  he  died  on  July  3d,  and 
was  buried  at  Buckingham  Meeting  House.  The  long 
and  enervating  ride,  in  his  enfeebled  condition, 
hastened  his  death.  The  following  abstracts  are  from 
his  will,  dated  llmo.  8th,  1760:  I,  John  Watson,  of 
Buckingham,  surveyor,  being  about  to  set  forth  on  a 
journey  to  New  Castle,  on  Delaware,  to  meet  the  Com- 
missioners to  settle  the  lines  between  the  Provinces 
of  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland  .  .  .  gives  £250  to 
Hannah,  daughter  of  William  Blackfan,  of  Sole- 
bury.  .  .  . 

The  Pennsylvania  Gazette  of  July  9,  1761,  contains 
the  follow  obituary  notice: 

"Last  Friday,  died  of  an  inflammatory  and  malig- 
nant Disorder,  MB.  JOHN  WATSON,  of  Bucks  County, 
principal  Surveyor  on  the  Part  of  this  Province,  in 
running  the  Division  lines  between  us  and  MARYLAND. 
He  was  a  Man  of  unbiased  Integrity,  great  Pene- 
tration, and  singular  Depth  of  Thought.  He  did  not 
content  himself  to  a  bare  superficial  Knowledge  of  the 
practical  Part  of  his  Profession,  but  had  closely  studied 
the  Principles  on  which  it  is  founded,  even  up  to  the 
Higher  Geometry,  and  most  useful  Branches  of  As- 
tronomy. As  a  Surveyor,  he  has  left,  perhaps,  but  few 
Equals  in  this  Part  of  the  World;  and  his  Death  is 
justly  regretted  by  all  who  had  the  Happiness  of  his 


6  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

Acquaintance,  as  a  Loss  to  his  Friends,  to  his  Country, 
and  to  Men  of  Learning/' 

I  am  indebted  to  the  courtesy  and  researches  of  Hon. 
Henry  C.  Conrad,  jurist  and  historian  of  Delaware, 
for  the  following  biographical  notes  of  Chief  Justice 
Eyves  Holt,  of  the  "  Three  Lower  Counties, "  whose 
activities  so  often  appear  on  the  minutes  of  the  Com- 
missioners at  the  Conferences  at  New  Castle  and  Cape 
Henlopen  and  in  the  journals  of  Surveyor  Watson. 

Byves  Holt,  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  Holt  of 
Philadelphia,  was  born  about  the  year  1696.  On  Feb- 
ruary 7,  1717,  he  was  married  at  Christ  P.  E.  Church 
to  Katherine  Eoch,  and  it  is  believed  that  a  few  years 
later  removed  to  Lewes,  Delaware,  where  in  August 
of  1723,  he  purchased  the  property  where  he  lived  to 
his  death.  A  man  of  ability  and  integrity  he  admin- 
istered public  offices  as  a  public  trust,  and  won  and 
held  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  those  who  entrusted 
him  with  power.  It  has  not  been  ascertained  with  whom 
he  read  law  or  when  admitted  to  practice  before  the 
courts.  In  1724,  he  was  commissioned  High  Sheriff 
of  Sussex  County;  later  appointed  Collector  of  the 
Public  Levy  for  Lewes,  Eehoboth  and  Indian  River 
Hundreds ;  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  Overseer  of  the 
Highways  of  Lewes  and  Eehoboth  Hundreds.  In  1733, 
he  was  the  King's  attorney  for  Sussex  County,  and  for 
two  years  at  least  Clerk  and  Prothonotary  of  the 
Courts,  and  from  1738  to  1747,  served  as  Speaker  of 
the  Council.  On  October  26,  1745,  he  was  commis- 
sioned by  Gov.  George  Thomas,  Chief  Justice  for  the 
" Three  Lower  Counties."  In  1750,  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  seven  Commissioners  on  behalf  of  the  Penns, 
to  determine  the  boundary  line  between  the  Provinces 
of  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland.  From  1756  to  1758 
he  served  as  Lieutenant  Colonel  of  the  Militia  Bat- 
talion of  Sussex  County.  He  died  May  8,  1763.  The 
judiciary  and  members  of  the  Delaware  Bar  in  De- 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  7 

cember  of  1913,  erected  a  memorial  tablet  to  his  useful 
and  honorable  life  in  St.  Peter's  P.  E.  Church,  Lewes, 
of  which  he  had  been  a  devout  and  liberal  member  for 
forty  years. 

JOURNAL. 

December  13*  [1750]  @  2  ho  P.  M.  5*  Day. 
Set  from  home  in  Company  with  Edward  Eice  &  my 
Friend  John  Chapman  who  rode  with  me  over  Ne- 
shameny  Creek,  to  accompany  me  on  my  Journey; 
caird  at  Ja8  Ratcliffs  and  got  a  Dram  4d  rode  to  Bald- 
win's &  fed  our  Creatures,  5d,  lodged  all  night  at  Benj6 
Armitage's  with  Edward  Rice.  Rained  heavily  all 
night  paid  for  lodging,  Horse  &c  2/. 

14*  6*  Day. 

Came  to  philadla  abl  9  in  the  morning,  paid  Stephen 
Potts  for  bindg  my  Book  of  Logarithms  2/.,  recd  of  Wm 
Coleman  for  his  Survey  in  New  Brittan  24/.  bought  of 
David  Hall  Ward's  Mathematics  13/  for  Paul  Preston 
&  Boad's  Mathematics  for  my  self,  price  6/.;  a  pen- 
knife at  Strickland's,  9d  &  4  Quire  paper  I/  at  Halls', 
an  ounce  of  Wafers  6d,  at  the  same  place  bought  a  rid- 
ing Whip  cost  me  5/6,  received  of  my  Friend  Israel 
Pemberton  for  his  Survey  made  by  me  at  Cold  Spring 
30/. — rained  a  little  this  morning  but  cleared  up 
ab1  8  &  was  a  pleasant  Day  for  the  Season. 

Decemb*  15*  1750,  7* 

Expences  at  Philadla  6/4.  reacht  Chester  @  abV  £  h°. 
after  1  in  the  afternoon  dined  at  one  Mathers 's  in 
Company  with  some  seafaring  Men  reacht  Christeen 
Ferry  @  ab*.  5.  Ferrages  &  Expences  on  the  Road  3/10 
took  up  my  Lodging  @  one  Prices  at  the  Ferry  on 
Christeen,  a  pretty  pleasant  Day  tho'  cool. 

16*  First  Day 

Lodged  last  night  at  one  Prices  at  Christeen  Ferry, 
Expences  there  4/10,  set  out  for  New  Castle  £  ho  after 


8  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

11.,  reacht  New  Castle  @  1  °Clock  P.  M.  dined  at 
Boggs's  in  Company  with  my  Companion  Wm  Parsons 
who  past  over  Christeen  @  about  Nine.  Expences  @ 
Bogg's  in  the  Whole  12/9.  set  out  after  Dinner  from 
New  Castle  at  about  \  ho  after  3  &  came  to  Saint 
Georges  @  abl.  f  after  5,  where  we  took  lodging  at  one 
Goodwins'.  The  Road,  Land  and  Weather  from  New 
Castle  to  this  place  level  rich  &  pleasant  ;  wth  this  part 
of  my  Journey  I  was  much  delighted. 

17*  2*  Day. 

This  Morning  rose  early  and  was  surprised  to  see 
the  Great  Number  of  Water  Fowl  haunting  the  Mill 
Dam  in  this  Town  and  their  Tameness  was  extraordi- 
nary. 

Our  Eeconing  @  Goodwin's  15/.  @  Apoquinomy  1/6 
@  Sals  6/.  Dinners  &ca.  Set  out  from  Goodwin's  @ 
40'  after  8  reacht  Apoquinomy  @  abl  40'  after  10  came 
to  Salsbury  ab*  1.,  where  we  Dined  and  came  to  B. 
Chew's  ab1  4,  took  up  our  Lodging  in  Dover  @  the 
Golden  Fleece.  Expences  @  Dover  17/,  askt  Mr.  Chew 
to  sup  w*1  us. 

18*  3A  Day. 

At  Breakfast  and  Dan1  Kobinson's  3/3  at  Sam1 
Davis  's  Our  Dinners  &c.  5/9.  came  to  Lewis  Town  at 
about  7  in  the  Evening  the  Land  exceeding  level  and 
for  the  most  part  very  well  timbered  and  almost  every 
swamp  set  with  Holly  some  of  which,  particularly  at 
the  Murther  Kill;  and  at  the  three  Runs,  there  was 
some  ten  or  12  Inches  thro',  this  Day  was  fair  as  was 
every  Day  since  I  left  Philadla. 


4*  Day. 

At  One  Nounas  in  Lewis  Town  407.  @  E.  [torn] 
4/6.  this  Day  we  dined  at  Lewis  at  about  1  &  set  for- 
ward immediately  after  for  the  Cape,  rode  ab*  22  miles 
and  came  to  Blackfoot  Town  some  time  in  the  Evening 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  9 

where  we  lodged  some  at  one  Carters  an  Inkeeper  & 
one  Reads  a  private  House.  Our  Expences  in  this 
place  paid  by  Chief  justice  Holt.  amountg  to 

The  way  from  Lewis  to  Blackfoot  was  chiefly  thro 
Barren  Grounds ;  the  Weather  very  fine ;  this  Day  much 
afflicted  with  a  pain  in  my  Bowels  and  somew1  of  a 
Dissentery  attendg  it. 

20*  5th  Day. 

This  morng  Bro3  Parsons,  Shankland  &  myself  set 
out  for  the  Cape  early  where  we  arrived  abl  Noon,  & 
found  the  Maryland  Gentlemen  &  Surveyors  on  Feni, 
[Fenwick]  Island  but  soon  left  it  the  Weather  being 
very  Stormey  and  our  Commissioner  Holt  having 
stayed  where  we  Lodged  last  night  at  one  Carters, 
where  therefore  directly  proceeded  to  search  out  some 
Lodging  which  we  found  at  Dr  Pikes,  a  most  worthy 
Gentleman  who  entertained  us  very  Hospitably  & 
elegantly,  in  this  Days  Journey  w°h  was  thro  the  Bain 
the  land  not  very  good,  and  the  Swamps  beautified  wth 
holly  some  of  wch  were  20  Inches  over  at  the  least. 

21*  6th  Day. 

This  Day  also  very  tempestuous,  &  a  little  after  12 
at  Noon  the  Tide  rose  to  a  very  great  Hight  so  that 
the  event  of  the  High  Water  about  Midnight  was  much 
feared  by  the  Settlers  in  these  parts ;  and  became  the 
subject  of  Conversation  in  the  Interim,  at  about  10  in 
the  Evening  the  Water  began  to  come  very  plentifully 
into  the  Garden  adjoining  the  House.  We  all  sat  up 
expecting  the  Event  when  ab4  Midnight 'the  Waters 
came  to  their  Highth  and  closely  environed  the  House 
on  every  side — but  soon  began  to  subside. 

December  22*  6ih  Day. 

The  appearance  of  this  Inundation  occasioned  by  a 
very  stiff  Gale  of  Wind  from  the  North  East  &  w°h  was 


10  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

surprising  to  the  Settlers  in  these  parts,  persons 
acquainted  with  things  of  this  Nature,  was  very  shock- 
ing to  many  who  were  here  &  had  not  only  never  seen 
but  never  heard  of  such  a  Thing,  for  my  own  part  I 
was  very  easie  in  my  Mind  in  all  Respects  but  that  of 
Our  Creatures  w*h  were  (as  I  apprehended)  in  very 
eminent  Danger ;  &  indeed  so  they  were  for  the  Waters 
proved  fatal  to  many  at  this  Time  as  is  common  in  such 
Cases,  the  Settlers  of  any  considerable  Estates  often 
losing  20  or  30  of  their  Cattle  thereby  and  as  is  sup- 
posed will  be  the  Circumstance  at  this  Time,  and  as 
the  raising  of  Cattle  is  a  very  main  Article  wth  these 
people,  and  their  Lives  wholly  at  the  Mercy  of  the 
Winds !  tho '  the  Lands  are  level,  arable,  fit  &  pleasant 
to  till,  &  the  Marshes  affording  excellent  pasture  for 
Creatures  almost  all  the  Year  when  the  Ground  is  free 
from  Snow.  Yet  it  seems  a  very  disagreeable  hazzard- 
ous  place  of  abode. 

22*  December  1750.    7th  Day. 

This  morning  (thro  mercy)  the  Waters  were  much 
abated  but  the  Storm  continued  from  the  N.E.  tho  not 
altogether  so  vehement  as  Yesterday,  about  10  the 
Weather  turned  to  Snow,  and  continues  snowing:  we 
have  received  the  news  of  the  loss  of  divers  Creatures 
by  this  Storm.  This  morning  the  Maryland  Surveyors 
paid  us  a  Visit  and  Emory  an  elderly  Gentlemen,  one 
of  them,  concluded  to  stay  with  us. 

Decemb*  23d  1st  Day. 

This  Morning  the  Snow  was  abated  a  little  as  well 
as  the  Waters  and  towards  12  it  left  off  but  the  Air 
Remained  cloudy  till  Bedtime  tho  the  Sun  shone  out  a 
few  Min.  near  the  Setting,  and  some  Stars  appeared. 
This  day  was  chiefly  spent  in  Reading  and  Coll :  Henry 
in  the  Forenoon  read  three  Chapters  in  the  Bible,  a 
most  excellent  Reader. 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  11 

Decemb*  24*  2*  Day. 

This  morning  being  very  clear  and  Chief  Justice 
Holt,  our  Commissioner,  not  yet  come  Wm  Parsons 
Esqr  &  Wm  Shankland  Esqr  set  out  pretty  early  to 
Carters  in  Order  to  conduct  him  here. 

Soon  after  I  procured  my  self  a  Gun  and  went  out  in 
Order  to  shoot  some  Fowl,  &  shot  a  Bird  called  a 
Curlew  as  I  conceive  from  the  Noise  which  they  make 
when  affrighted,  This  Day  the  Waters  fell  fast,  and  we 
had  an  Acco*  of  one  persons  loosing  9  Horses.  In  the 
Evening  Emory  and  myself  endeavoured  to  find  the 
Variation  of  the  Needle,  but  was  deprived  of  a  very 
accurate  observation  by  the  Interposition  of  Clouds 
about  the  Time  of  Observation.  The  young  Maryland 
Gentlemen  paid  us  a  Visit  this  Evening.  A  fine  Day 
throughout.  I  forgot  to  note  in  my  notes  of  the  21st 
Instant,  that  about  8  in  the  Evening  going  out  to 
observe  the  rising  of  the  Waters,  at  about  40  yards 
Distance  from  the  House,  I  saw  floating  on  the  Waves 
the  appearance  of  a  Ball  of  Fire  of  about  4  Inches  Dia- 
meter which  glowed  like  a  Bar  of  hot  Iron  &  lookt  of 
a  redish  Colour,  this  appearance  (wcb  it  seems  is  not 
very  uncommon  in  Storms)  they  call  a  Corpusant. 

25*  December  3d  Day. 

This  morning  Jn°  Emory  &  myself  went  out  to  the 
meridian  Drawn  last  night,  &  by  Emory  (or  at  least 
by  the  Instrument  brought  by  him)  we  found  the 
variation  3°  20'  West.  The  air  pretty  clear  and  cool, 
but  not  unlike  for  Rain  to  morrow.  We  also  by  Turn- 
ing the  Different  Ends  of  the  Instrument  North  found 
the  Difference  about  40'  Hunts,  the  mean  of  which 
being  taken  makes  the  Variation  3°  30'.  As  the  O 
came  to  the  Meridian  we  took  the  Altitude  thereof  and 
found  the  same  by  Jn°  Emory's  Brass  Quad4  of  12 
Inches  Radius  29°  exactly  at  wch  Time  the  O  Decima- 
tion was  22°  42  and  the  Late  by  Consequence  38°  18,  by 


12  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

Newhouse's  tables.  At  the  same  Time  observed  the 
variation  and  found  it  to  agree  with  the  observation 
made  this  Morning. 

At  about  ^  ho.  after  2,  the  Chief  Justice  Holt,  Jacob 
Collock  and  Wm  Parsons  arived  at  Dr  Pikes.  With  Wm 
Parsons  's  Theodolite  and  some  Provisions. 

This  Forenoon  Col3  Henry  undertook  part  of  the 
Character  of  one  of  the  Maryland  Parsons  &  one  of  no 
small  learning  nither.  It  seems  one  of  the  Parson's 
Daughters  was  made  suit  to  by  a  Country  Gentleman 
of  some  considerable  Estate  &  a  person  enquiring  of 
the  Parson  if  the  Match  was  likely  to  be  concluded  be- 
tween them?  The  parson  replyed  he  knew  not  but  that 
they  commonly  lodged  together. 

The  Col3  likewise  informed  the  Company  that  the 
parson  came  one  Day  to  hear  Mr.  Whitfield,  and  after 
Service  resolved  to  Dine  wth  him  for  sake  of  having 
some  Conversation,  &  accordingly  mounted  himself 
upon  a  small  Creature  w^  a  Sheep  Skin  instead  of  a 
Saddle,  his  Shirt  Tail  hanging  out  of  his  Breeches,  and 
rode  after  him,  &ca. 

In  the  Evening  care  was  taken  to  have  a  Canoe  ready 
for  carry5  the  Comrs  to  Fenwicks's  (otherwise  called 
Phoenix's)  Island  early  to  morrow  Morning.  Esqr 
Shankland  was  expected  this  Evening  but  not  returned. 
This  afternoon  grew  Cloudy  and  very  likely  to  rain 
tomorrow.  To  Day  we  had  a  further  acco1  of  the  Loss 
of  Creatures  in  the  late  Storm  &  particularly  about 
Lewis  Town  —  we  have  news  of  some  One  person's 
loosing  20  Head  of  Cattle  &  upwards.  This  acco*  of  the 
loss  of  Creat™  was  further  confirmed  by  Esqr  Shank- 
land  who  returned  from  Lewis  later  than  was  expected 
and  brought  w"1  him  Divers  small  articles  for  the  use 
of  the  Expedition. 


This  morning  a  very  Stormy  one,  rained  hard  and 
the  Wind  South  Easterly,  by  a  Pilot  who  came  w1*  Esqr 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  13 

Shankland,  this  morning  was  dispatched  a  Lettr  to 
Alexr  Eead  ordering  him  to  fetch  our  Stores  from 
Lewis  Town  to  Dr.  Pikes,  who  lives  near  Assawamon 
Creek. 

This  Day  the  Storm  continued  throughout,  employed 
in  reading  &  a  small  Calculation  of  the  Latitude  of  a 
great  Circle  Drawn  at  Eight  angles  to  the  Meridian  in 
the  Latitude  of  38°  22'  N  at  one  Degress  Difference  of 
Longitude  which  I  found  to  be  38°  21'  44"  46" '  Dif- 
ferent from  a  parralel  of  Latitude  74  per  &  8  Links. 

This  Day  the  Commissioners  remained  within  all  the 
Day  &  indeed  it  was  impracticable  to  go  out,  the  Storm 
from  the  S.  East  and  South  was  so  great.  W.  Parsons 
paid  for  Copying  Letters  &c.,  5/. 

27th  Decemb*  5th  Day  1750. 

This  morning  at  about  Nine  the  Commrs  hastened  to 
go  to  Fenwick's  Island,  where  they  came  about  10,  and 
directly  proceeded  to  Business. 

And  after  some  Time  spent  in  viewing  said  Island 
the  Commissioners  agreed  that  the  Surveyors  em- 
ployed on  both  sides  should  proceed  to  Begin  to  run  a 
West  Line  across  the  peninsula  to  Chesepeck  Bay,  Be- 
ginning at  a  cedar  Post  standing  on  the  northernmost 
part  of  said  Island  near  to  the  smallest  of  4  Mulberry 
Trees  growing  near  together.  This  agreem*  was  in- 
dorsed on  the  Copys  of  the  Minit  Directing  our  Meet- 
ing &  signed  by  the  Commis"  and  immediately  Col. 
Henry  proceeded  to  his  Habitation  &  our  Com"  to  Dr 
Pikes. 

After  their  Departure  the  surveyors  put  themselves 
in  all  possible  Readiness  for  taking  a  Meridian  this 
Evening.  But  as  Alioth  at  this  Season  "transits  the 
Meridian  very  early  we  were  unable  to  adjust  our 
plummets  before  his  Transit  &  therefore  were  obliged 
to  retire  to  our  Lodging  without  compleating  this 
necessary  piece  of  Service. 


14  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

Decemb*  28ih  6th  Day  1750. 

This  Morning  I  arose  about  4  °Clock  in  Ordr  to  find 
the  Variation  by  the  Transit  of  the  Star  in  the  Hip  of 
Casiopeia  but  the  Horizon  was  Clouded. 

About  nine  Rives  Holt  &  Ja.  Collock  Esqrs  Departed 
for  Lewis  Town  &  the  Surveyors  to  the  Island,  &  en- 
deavoured from  w*  we  observed  last  Night  to  fix  a 
Meridian  But  just  at  the  Transit  of  Alioth  Our  Candle 
in  the  Lanthorn  began  to  burn  very  dim  &  soon  after 
went  out  w**  will  occasion  yet  further  Trouble. 

In  the  morning  Wm  Parson  wrote  a  Lettr  to  Secretary 
Peters  to  advise  him  of  our  proceedgs  thus  far.  Upon 
the  Beach  we  found  to  Day  a  very  extraordinary  Fish 
of  about  two  feet  in  Length  and  ab'ut  one  in  Breadth. 
The  Head  and  Body  of  which  make  about  3/5  of  the 
whole  Length  of  a  black  Back  and  white  Belly  like  a 
Cat  Fish,  and  a  mouth  (set  wth  a  Double  Eow  of  Teeth) 
almost  as  wide  as  his  Body,  the  Tail  whereof  was  not 
much  unlike  that  of  a  Cat  Fish:  the  Eyes  were  set 
pretty  far  Back  &  it  had  two  Broad  Feet  put  forth  just 
at  the  Boot  of  the  Tail  and  two  more  with  Toes  on 
under  the  Belly.  The  like  of  this  Fish  had  not  been 
seen  by  any  of  the  Inhabitants  in  these  parts  &  there- 
fore it  must  want  a  name. 

This  Day  one  of  Our  Surveyors,  Jno  Emory,  de- 
scribed to  me  the  method  of  making  wafers  wch  was 
after  this  manner :  Mix  a  little  fine  flour  wth  water  so 
as  to  make  a  thin  Paste,  then  couler  it  w111  a  few  Grains 
of  Vermilion  mixt  therein,  then  drop  a  few  drops 
severally  on  the  face  of  an  hot  Smoothing  Iron  and 
lay  ansyr  therein  &  every  drop  will  be  formed  into  a 
Wafer. 

29*  Decemb*  7th  Day. 

This  morning  was  spent  in  making  Notes  readg  &c. ; 
a  little  after  Noon  the  weather  being  extream  cold  we 
proceeded  to  Fenwick's  Island  to  fix  a  Meridian  &  in 
Order  thereto  set  up  frames  on  the  Beach  extendg  4 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  15 

or  5  perches  from  East  to  West  to  Hang  our  Plummets 
on.  Then  watcht  the  appearance  of  the  Stars  with  the 
utmost  Circumspection  when  (as  ill  Fate  would  have 
it)  one  of  the  posts  of  our  Frames  happened  to  stand 
in  the  place  where  it  seemed  necessary  to  hang  the 
Plumet  &  before  it  could  be  moved  &  set  up  in  another 
Place  (which  took  some  Time  the  Beach  being  hard 
frozen)  Alioth  appeared  past  the  Meridian  &  should 
we  fail  of  taking  it  tomorrow  Night  (Sunday  as  it  will 
be)  the  Time  will  be  past  for  taking  it  this  Season  on 
this  Method. 

This  Day  extream  cold  &  serene  throughout. 

On  the  28th  one  John  Bowden  came  to  us  upon  Fen- 
wick  's  Island,  and  In  Eespect  of  the  Cedar  post  from 
w611  the  Surveyors  were  Directed  to  extend  the  West 
Line,  he  said  that  his  father  was  Dweller  on  the  Island. 
That  he  himself  well  Bemembred  His  Father  upwards 
of  20  years  since  sat  up  Two  posts  near  the  Mulberry 
Trees  to  Nail  a  Board  against  for  making  Drum  lines. 
That  there  was  no  post  standg  there  before,  and  that, 
That  wch  is  now  stand8  was  set  up  as  aforesaid.  He 
said  he  also  well  remembred  the  Time  when  the  East 
side  of  the  Island  was  timbred  and  reacht  much 
Farther  Eastw*  into  the  Marsh  than  it  now  does. 

Decemb*  30ih  1st  Day. 

This  Day  in  the  Forenoon  spent  in  readg  the 
Scriptures  and  hearing  them  read. 

In  the  Evening  (the  necessity  of  the  Case  requiring 
it)  Wm  Parsons,  Jn°  Emory,  his  Son  &  myself  who  had 
attended  at  every  observation  made  heretofore  for 
find8  a  meridian  (but  Wm  Jones  who  was  present  at  all 
but  this  &  that  made  last  night  was  away)  we  (I  say) 
went  to  Fenwick's  Island  &  observed  very  curiously 
the  Transit  of  Alioth  but  wch  happened  so  early  that  he 
was  scarcely  Visible  before  we  saw  him  past,  but  so 
little  that  we  were  well  assured.  That  in  the  Distance 


16  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

of  Our  Stations  wch  was  146  per  9  Links  we  did  not 
vary  more  than  an  Inch,  and  as  so  small  a  variation 
in  so  large  a  Distance  is  imperceptible  to  any  Instru- 
ment we  had  to  use,  concluded  a  meridian  found 
sufficiently  exact  for  settleing  the  variation  of  the 
Needle.  This  piece  of  Success  after  so  many  Trials 
in  Vain  afforded  us  great  Satisfaction. 

31Bt  Decemb*  1750,  2*  Day. 

This  morning  we  all  rose  early  and  dispatched  James 
Shorat  wth  Wm  Shankland  Esqr  to  The  Chief  Justice 
Holt  desiring  him  to  send  us  from  Flamstead's  Cata- 
logue the  Lat :  &  Longitude  of  Divers  fixt  Stars  &  espe- 
cially that  in  the  Knee  of  Cassiopea  in  Order  to  prove 
our  Meridan  taken  by  Alioth  as  aforesd  which  now 
ceases  to  be  visible  till  after  his  passing  the  Meridian. 

Directly  after  Breakfast  (the  Survey"  Jones  only 
excepted)  who  was  not  yet  returned  proceeded  to  the 
Island  in  Order  to  apply  Our  Instruments  to  the  Meri- 
dian taken  last  Night  and  if  possible  to  settle  the 
Latitude  and  accordingly  as  the  Sun  past  the  Meridian 
took  his  altitude  and  found  the  same  29°  38'  by 
Emory's  Quad1  of  1  Foot  Bad8  &  divided  Diagonally. 

At  J  ho.  after  12  applyed  Wm  Parsons 's  Theodolite 
to  the  Meridian  and  by  Needle  N°  3  found  the  variation 
2°  30'  the  Instrument  remaining  fixt  @  2  the  variation 
2°  38',  still  fixt  @  4.36'  2°  40'  by  Emory's  Theodolite 
@  the  aforesd  Times  respectively  1°  45'  2°  0.2°  5. 

During  all  w°b  Time  the  air  was  very  serene  and 
moderate,  at  first  a  small  Breeze  from  the  Northward 
of  the  East,  and  continued  veering  towards  the  South 
&  West  untill  about  Sun  set  when  it  was  nearly  S.  S.  W. 

Doctr  Pike  our  most  hospitable  Host  &  his  Lady  paid 
us  a  Visit  this  afternoon  upon  Fen  wick's  Island. 

Jones,  the  Maryland  Surveyor,  returned  to  the 
Island  this  afternoon  about  f  after  3  &  went  upon 
Business  Directly. 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  17 

After  the  observation  made  of  Alioth  last  night  we 
dispared  of  fixing  a  Meridian  by  the  help  of  that  Star; 
we  therefore  erected  a  Cabbin  on  the  Island  this  after- 
noon in  Order  for  my  Lodging  there  &  observing  the 
Transit  of  the  Bright  Star  in  the  Hip  of  Cassiopea. 
But  the  evening  happening  to  be  very  Serene  we  were 
so  fortunate  as  to  see  the  Transit  of  Alioth,  at  which 
Time  the  Polar  Star,  &  the  Lanthorn  (by  us  set  up) 
were  in  the  Plain  of  the  same  Azimuth  Circle.  Hence 
we  concluded  the  Meridian  exactly  found. 

To  Day  began  to  be  much  afflicted  wth  a  Eeumatic 
pain  in  my  outer  ankle  Joint. 

January  1st  1750/1  3d  Day. 

This  Morning  we  proceeded  very  early  to  the  Island, 
and  after  fixing  Wm  Parsons 's  Theodolite  to  the  Meri- 
dian drawn  last  Night,  and  found  the  variation  thereby 
2°  39'  and  screwing  the  Instrument  fast  found  the  same 
about  1  °Clock  the  same,  or  not  exceeding  one  Minit 
more. 

We  took  the  Meridian  altitude  of  the  Sun  to  Day 
and  found  the  same  29°  51'. 

At  about  |  ho.  after  1  °Clock  we  began  to  stake  out 
the  Meridian  found  last  Night,  &  when  done  en- 
deavoured to  set  off  a  Line  at  Eight  Angles  thereto, 
w**  we  partly  affected  but  Night  coming  on  were  obliged 
to  desist. 

This  Evening  Wm  Parsons  and  the  Doctr  entred  into 
some  religious  discourse  in  which  I  found  the  Doctr 
very  clear  in  the  article  of  Baptism.  This  morning  the 
Wind  N.  Easterly,  came  round  with  the  Sun  to  the 
Westd  of  the  South,  the  air  somewhat  milder  than  yes- 
terday, and  a  little  dull  and  heavy,  which  I  take  to  be 
the  Reason  why  the  Suns  Meridian  Altitude  was  so 
much  more  to  Day  than  yesterday.  The  thickness  of 
the  air  increasing  the  Sun's  Eefraction. 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 2 


18  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

2*  January  1750/1  4th  Day. 

This  morning  early  Wm  Parsons  wrote  to  Eeed  by 
a  person  who  came  last  Night  from  Muskamilion  to  the 
Doctor  pressing  said  Eeed  to  bring  down  our  small 
Stores  if  possible  this  Evening  to  our  Lodgings. 

Immediately  after  Breakfast  we  hastened  to  the  Is- 
land, in  Order  if  possible  to  Draw  a  Line  at  Eight 
Angles  to  the  Meridian  Line,  which  we  staked  out  yes- 
terday. But  the  Snow  encreasing  (which  began  to  fall 
before  our  setting  out)  so  very  fast,  That  it  was  im- 
practicable to  go  on  with  Business  to  Day,  therefore 
returned  to  our  Lodgings,  at  about  3PM  the  Snow 
abated  but  the  Sky  remained  cloudy  till  about  9  in  the 
evening,  when  the  wind  sprang  up  at  N.  W.  and  blew 
extreamly  cold.  This  evening  my  ankle  painful  and 
very  Lame. 

January  3*  1750/1  5th  Day. 

The  weather  extream  cold,  the  Wind  nearly  North 
and  very  high,  and  the  Ground  frozen  so  extream  hard 
it  was  judged  impracticable  to  set  any  stakes  in  it,  and 
consequently  to  proceed  on  our  Business  to  Day. 
Therefore  stayed  about  Home,  spent  our  Time  in  Eead- 
ing,  comparing  the  Instruments,  in  Order  to  find  which 
was  to  be  depended  upon  for  setting  off  a  line  at  Eight 
Angles  to  the  Meridian  already  found.  w°h  by  repeated 
Experiments  we  found  to  be  the  Theodolite  of  Wm 
Parsons. 

In  the  Evening  attempted  to  prove  the  variation  of 
the  Needle  already  found  but  Alioth  was  considerably 
past  the  Meridian  before  it  became  visible. 

This  was  an  extream  cold  Day  throughout,  and  very 
serene. 

Late  in  the  Evening  just  as  we  were  preparing  for 
Bed,  Eeed  came  with  out  Stores  and  the  Chief  Justice 
Holt  sent  us  not  only  the  plans  of  the  Stars  but  the 
Books  themselves.  Holt  paid  Eeed  for  bringing  the 
Stores  30/. 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  19 

January  4th  1750/1  6*  Day. 

This  Day  was  spent  in  Calculations  of  y*  E  of  divers 
fixt  Stars  in  Cassiopea  in  order  to  find  some  one  of 
them  w611  might  supply  the  Use  of  Alioth  in  adjusting 
a  Meridian,  and  after  some  considerable  Time  spent, 
found  that  the  Small  Star  of  the  4th,  magnitude  in  her 
Girdle,  nearly  agreed  wth  the  Polar  Star  in  Eight  As- 
sension.  (The  Calculation  of  Both  those  Stars  I  may 
insert  hereafter.) 

As  soon  as  the  Calculations  were  compleat  we  made 
ready,  and  went  to  the  Island  resolute  to  fix  a  Meridian 
if  possible  the  next  morning;  by  the  Transit  of  the 
aforesaid  Star,  and  accordingly  took  up  our  Lodgings 
in  a  Small  Cabbin  on  the  Iteach,  the  Building  of  w°h 
was  mentioned  in  the  Notes  of  the  31st  of  the  Last 
Instant,  wch  just  as  we  were  composing  ourselves  to 
sleep,  some  Sleeping  &  the  rest  partly  so,  a  spark  from 
the  fire  (as  is  supposed)  kindled  in  the  Covering  of 
our  Cabbin,  by  this  Time  become  very  Dry,  &  instantly 
flashed  up  into  a  Blaze,  each  of  the  Company  (namely 
Jones,  Arthur  Emory  Mathew  Eogers  and  myself)  im- 
mediately withdrew  and  bore  wto  us  such  of  our  Cloath- 
ing  and  Blankets  as  we  chanced  first  to  lay  Hands  on. 
The  whole  Transaction  w*11  took  up  not  more  than  £ 
a  Minit  in  Time  was  very  shocking,  and  in  its  Con- 
sequences very  grevious,  which  exposed  us  to  the  Open 
Air  the  remainder  of  the  Night,  wch  seemed  very  long — 
this  accident  happening  about  10  in  the  Evening. 

In  this  Surprise  Jones  lost  one  of  his  Shoes  burnt  to 
a  cynder  as  was  one  of  Matw  Eogers 's  and  his  Hat. 
The  Company  lost  2  pipes  J  Ib.  of  Tobacco  and  our 
Skins  w°h  we  slept  on  Viz1  a  Bear  Skin  &  2- Sheep  skins. 

A  Little  before  5  we  observed  the  Transit  of  the  Star 
very  accurately  and  find  the  Meridian  thereby  found 
nearly  to  agree  wth  the  Meridian  heretofore  Staked  out. 

This  Day  Justice  Miller,  a  Maryland  Justice,  came 
to  the  Doctors  (as  was  conjectured  from  his  forward- 


20  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

ness  of  entring  on  some  Discourse  wth  Wm  Parsons)  to 
endeavour  if  possible  to  learn  what  was  likely  to  be  the 
Event  their  Falling  into  Pennsylvania.  By  some 
words  wch  this  Gentleman  let  fall  In  Discourse  w01  same 
psent  ke  seemed  very  jealous  of  his  Commission  on 
Change  of  Affairs,  and  expressed  himself  much  in 
Favour  of  his  Lordship. 

5th  January  @  11*°  i  A.  M.,  7d. 

Observed  the  variation  by  the  New  Theodolite  Needle 
N°  1.  and  found  the  Variation  3°  3'  exactly.  The  air 
moderate  wind  southerly  yet  pretty  clear. 

The  meridian  Altitude  of  the  Sun  the  same  Day  30° 
33'  by  Emory's  Quadrant. 

At  15  P  M  the  variation  by  Wm  Parson's  Theodolite 
Needle  N°  3  2°  50'. 

This  afternoon  we  took  our  Departure  from  the 
Cedar  Post  near  the  Mulberry  Trees  (herein  before 
mentioned),  and  at  Eight  Angles  to  the  Meridian  of 
the  Place,  proceeded  by  the  help  of  Stakes  to  continue 
the  Line  about  [torn]  this  evening,  left  a  House  Built 
on  said  Island  belonging  to  one  Fosset  about  40  yards 
to  the  Southward. 

The  Wind  blew  so  exceeding  cold  (altho  from  the 
South)  as  was  intolerable  to  any  but  psons  not  devoted 
to  bear  the  greatest  Inclemency  of  Seasons. 

Jany  tfth  1750/1.    First  Day. 

This  Morning  Doctr  Pike  read  the  Lessons  appointed 
for  the  Day. 

After  Service  spent  some  Time  in  comparing  the 
Observations  made  at  New  Castle  by  Wm  Parsons 's 
Theodolite  for  finding  the  variation  &  by  Needle  N°  3 

found  the  Mean  of  the  Variations 4°     15' 

And  those  made  at  Fenwick's  Island  by  the 

same  Needle  the  Mean  of  wcb  was  .  .2°     43' 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  21 

Hence  the  Diffce  of  Variation  by  that  Instrum* 

is    1°     32' 

The  Mean  Var :  by  the  New  Theo :  Needle  N°  1. 

@  New  Castle 4°     34' 

The  Mean  Var.  by  same  Needle  &  Instrum4 

@  Fenwick's  Island 3°      3' 

Hence   the   Diffce   of  Variation  by  the  New 

Theodolite    1°     31' 

nearly  agreeing  w"1  the  Difference  found  by  the  other 
Instrumts  From  w°h  I  suppose  the  Diffce  in  the  Di- 
rection of  the  Needle  between  New  Castle  &  Fenwick's 
Island  very  exactly  found. 

The  Boundaries  mentioned  in  the  Grant  made  by 
King  Charles  the  First  Dated  the  20th  of  June  in  the  8th 
Year  of  his  Keign  to  Cecilius  then  Baron  of  Baltimore 
(the  Great-Grand  father  of  the  psent  Lord  Baltimore) 
are  as  follows : 

All  that  part  of  a  Peninsula  lying  in  the  parts  of 
America  between  the  Ocean  on  the  East  and  the  Bay 
of  Chesopeak  on  the  West  and  divided  from  the  other 
part  thereof  by  a  Eight  Line  drawn  from  the  promon- 
tory or  Cape  of  Land  called  Watkins  Point  (situate 
in  the  aforesaid  Bay  near  the  Eiver  Wigheo)  on  the 
West,  unto  the  main  ocean  on  the  East  and  between 
that  Bound  on  the  South,  unto  that  part  of  Delaware 
Bay  on  the  North  w°h  lieth  under  the  40th  Degree  of 
northerly  Lat.  from  the  Equinoctial  where  New  Eng- 
land ends. 

And  All  that  Tract  of  Land  between  the  Bouny  afore- 
said; that  is  to  say,  passing  from  the  aforesaid  Bay 
called  Delaware  Bay  in  a  Eight  Line  by  the  Degree 
aforesaid  unto  the  true  Meridian  of  the  first  Fountain 
of  the  Eiver  Pattowmeek  and  from  thence  trending  to- 
ward the  South,  unto  the  farther  Bank  of  the  aforesaid 
Eiver,  and  following  the  West  and  South  side  thereof 
unto  a  certain  Place  called  Cinquack  situate  near  the 
Mouth  of  the  said  Eiver,  where  it  falls  into  the  Bay  of 


22  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

Chesopeake  and  from  thence  by  a  strait  Line  unto  the 
aforesd  Promontory  and  Place  called  Watkins  Point. 

Last  Night  towards  Day  it  began  to  Eain  the  Wind 
about  S.  by  W.,  and  continued  turning  towards  the  N. 
East  until  the  afternoon  when  the  Storm  blew  hard 
from  the  N.  East  and  rained  heavily. 

This  Day  Jones  Dined  with  us  and  in  the  Evening 
concluded  to  stay  at  the  Doctors  and  Lodge  with  me. 

January  7th  1750/1,  2*  Day. 

This  morning  was  misty,  the  weather  moderate  as  to 
heat  or  cold.  Spent  the  Morning  in  making  some  al- 
teration in  Our  Staves  which  we  had  found  not  al- 
together so  commodious  as  was  expected.  When 
altre'd  we  went  to  the  Island  &  resuming  the  Course, 
continued  the  same  over  the  Ditch,  past  one  Esoms 
whose  House  we  left  about  8  p°  to  the  Northward  of  the 
Line,  where  Night  coming  on  we  left  it;  having  first 
driven  2  posts  into  the  Ground  in  the  Direction  of  our 
Line. 

Just  as  we  went  out  it  began  to  snow  and  the  Wind 
blew  exceeding  hard  from  the  N.  N.  W.  &  N.  W.  and 
continued  snowing — during  the  Time  we  were  out,  and 
until  after  Bed-time. 

January  5th  1750/1,  3d  Day. 

This  morning  the  Weather  was  cleared  up.  the  Wind 
very  high,  cold  and  blustring  from  the  North  West. 
Wm  Parsons  as  a  person  equal  to  the  Task  imposed 
was  full  of  Spirits  and  urged  as  much  as  he  decently 
could  our  proceeding  to  Business  to  Day.  John  Emory, 
the  principal  Maryland  Surveyor,  on  the  other  Hand 
was  heartless,  pleaded  the  Danger  of  his  Health,  the 
Inclemency  of  the  Weather,  the  Great  Quantity  of 
Waters  overflowing  the  Marshes,  and  the  impracti- 
cability of  setting  up  our  Staves  so  as  to  make  them 
stand  in  so  high  a  wind.  Either  Emory's  Eeasons  or 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  23 

his  age  and  Infirmity  prevailed  and  we  tarried  at  home 
all  Day. 

For  my  own  part  I  employed  myself  in  Transcribing 
a  Table  of  Natural  Lines  from  Wm  Parsons 's  Geli- 
brand. 

January  5th  1750/1,  4th  Day. 

This  morning  the  air  a  little  calmer  but  extream 
cold.  About  |  after  9  we  proceeded  to  Business  (and 
as  it  is  a  bad  Wind  wch  blows  no  Body  any  Good)  the 
hard  Weather  had  frozen  the  Marshes  and  the  Head 
of  Cinapuxon  Bay  over  so  hard  that  it  bore  us  to  walk 
over  on  the  Ice  &  we  continued  our  Course  ab*  a  Mile 
&  an  half. 

This  was  the  first  Day  in  w6*  we  were  able  to  walk 
on  the  Ice  since  we  came  down  &  indeed  the  first  in 
wch  we  went  on  any  ways  successfully  with  our  Busi- 
ness. With  our  Success  we  were  much  delighted  &  in 
great  Hopes  of  getting  thro  the  Swamp  Quod  Taxit 
Deus. 

Past  by  the  House  of  one  Geo.  Hudson.  Leaving  the 
same  about  55  y*8  to  the  N.  ward. 

The  Waters  on  the  Head  of  Eomley  Marsh  over  w°h 
we  past  to  Day  were  impassable  at  any  other  Time  than 
when  hard  frozen,  this  Then  was  of  the  Greatest 
Necessity.  &  of  the  Least  Consequence  to  the  Business. 

January  10*  1750/1,  5ih  Day. 

At  about  9h  30'  A.m.  began  upon  the  Course  where 
we  left  the  same  last  Night,  and  Continued  the  same 
abl  1  Mile  and  a  Quarter  to  Day,  at  about  f  of  a  mile 
from  our  place  of  Begg  this  Morning  we  entred  into 
a  thick  swamp,  extreamly  full  of  Brush  and  these  hung 
w"1  green  Briers. 

At  about  |  a  Mile  or  one  hundred  part  on  the  Way, 
past  by  the  House  of  Wm  Hudson  about  60  per8  on  the 
south  side  of  the  Line,  &  by  the  House  of  Absalom 


24  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

Hudson  on  the  North  side  of  the  Line  at  about  the  same 
Distance  therefrom. 

This  Day  throughout  was  moderate  and  pretty  clear, 
and  in  the  afternoon  the  Ice  began  to  be  Rotten  in  the 

Swamps. 

January  11^  1750/1,  0th  Day. 

Began  about  Nine  where  we  left  off  Last  Night  and 
continued  the  Line  about  one  Mile  and  an  half  thro, 
two  very  thick  Swamps  frozen  over  otherwise  im- 
passable, deep,  wet  and  full  of  Water ;  left  off  at  Deep 
Creek  otherwise  Miller's  Creek  (being  a  Branch  of 
Cinapuxon  Sound). 

This  Day  hired  11  Hands  who  were  just  Sufficient  to 
clear  the  Way  as  far  as  the  Surveyors  were  able  to  run 
the  Line. 

A  very  moderate  Day  and  pretty  clear  throughout. 

Past  by  the  House  of  David  Hudson  a  little  before 
we  left  off  leaving  the  same  about  6  Per8  to  the  South- 
ward of  the  Line,  and  his  New  House  about  three 
Times  as  far  to  the  Northward. 

January  12*  1750/1,  7th  Day. 

This  Morning  the  Heavens  overcast  awhile  Froast 
and  like  for  Eain.  went  to  work  about  9  extended  our 
West  Course  about  1£  Miles  to  Day — crost  the  Road 
from  Romly  Marsh  to  snow  Hill,  past  by  Miller's  Mill 
leaving  the  same  about  60  Per8  to  the  Northward,  and 
the  House  of  the  Widw  Patrick,  leaving  the  same  ab* 
as  far  on  the  same  side — crost  an  Arm  of  the  Mill 
Creek  wch  with  the  rising  and  falling  of  the  Water  was 
open  &  gave  us  some  trouble  in  wading  thro '  it.  a  little 
after  we  were  over,  past  by  the  House  of  one  Walker 
a  Mollatto  Fellow,  ab*  20  per8  to  the  South  side  soon 
after  passing  this  House  we  came  to  a  large  swamp. 
The  Ice  rotten,  the  Water  Deep,  thick  with  Hollys, 
Maples,  sweet  Gums  and  low  Brush  hung  full  of  Green 
Briers  w611  renders  the  crossing  it  not  only  impracti- 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  25 

cable  but  next  to  impossible  at  this  Season  of  the  Year, 
unless  in  Time  of  extream  Frost. 

In  the  months  of  September  and  October  &  some 
parts  of  November,  these  Swamps  are  usually  Dry  and 
passable.  Whenever  the  West  Line  is  continued  across 
the  Peninsula  this  seems  the  most  eligible  Time  of 
doing  the  same. 

Fast  by  the  entrance  of  the  Gum  Swamp  above  men- 
tioned we  blazed  the  North  side  of  a  Sweet  Gum  Tree 
hollow  in  the  Bottom,  at  the  Distance  of  9  3/10  Inches 
from  the  sd  Tree  (measured  from  the  Blazed  part),  our 
West  Course  past.  In  which  Course  we  sat  up  a  large 
Black  Oak  Stake  the  Heart  of  wch  was  distant  from 
said  Tree  the  Number  of  Inches  above  mentioned,  we 
also  placed  one  other  stake  in  the  same  Line  about  20 
yds  to  the  Eastward  of  the  former  in  Order  to  retain 
the  Direction  of  Our  Line.  It  is  also  to  be  remembred 
that  about  20  p.  to  the  Westward  the  last  Stream  of 
Water  w°h  we  crost  that  we  past  a  Sweet  Gum  on  the 
North  side  distant  about  3  Inches  therefrom  at  the  Dis- 
tance of  about  three  Feet  above  the  Surface  of  the 
Earth  this  was  the  1st  Tree  any  thing  near  the  Line  to 
the  westward  of  the  aforesaid  Stream  and  leaned  to 
the  Northward. 

Just  on  the  East  side  of  the  aforesaid  Stream  was 
another  Black  Oak  post  set  up  and  another  on  the  Hill 
opposite  the  Corner  of  the  Widow  Patrick's  Field,  both 
exactly  on  the  Line. 

January  13*  1750/1,  1st  Day. 

Last  Night  just  as  we  were  about  to  leave  work  it 
began  to  rain  and  continued  raining  all  Night  and  this 
Day,  whereby  much  of  the  Ice  was  melted  and  the  Best 
made  extream  rotten,  for  its  remarkable  that  where 
ever  there  is  salt  Water  the  Ice  is  apt  to  be  very  spongy 
and  brittle. 

Spent  this  Day  in  Eeadg  the  Scriptures,  Spectator 

&ca. 


26  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

January  14*  1750/1,  2*  Day. 

This  Morning  John  Emory  &  Thomas  Jones,  the 
Maryland  Surveyors,  declared  their  Resolutions  to  pro- 
ceed no  farther  on  the  Line  this  Season. 

The  Surveyors  on  the  Part  of  Pennsylvania  con- 
sidering the  Shortness  of  the  Days,  the  changeableness 
of  the  Weather,  the  Impracticability  of  passing  the 
Swamps  but  on  the  Ice,  and  the  uncertainty  of  the  place 
of  Begining  being  right,  thought  it  advisable  not  to  in- 
sist much  on  continuing  the  Line  any  farther  this 
Winter.  Wm  Parsons  therefore  indorsed  the  Minit  for 
our  Meet8  w"1  a  Report  to  the  Gentlemen  Commis- 
sioners of  what  was  done  at  this  meet8  wch  Report  was 
subscribed  by  the  Surveyors  on  both  sides. 

This  morning  Geo.  Glascow  who  now  keeps  a  store 
near  Pokomoke  Swamp  paid  me  a  visit ;  ab*  12  Thomas 
Jones  took  his  leave  and  set  homewards  in  the  Rain 
w°b  was  very  heavy  most  part  of  this  Day  and  especially 
in  the  afternoon. 

Employed  most  of  this  Day  in  adjust8  our  Accounts 
w1*  the  Labourers. 

January  15^  3d. 

Rained  most  part  of  the  Day  pretty  constantly  and 
the  Storm  blew  hard  from  the  North  &  N.  N.  W.  This 
Day  put  up  our  Things  in  Order  for  the  Journey,  and 
purposed  to  set  homeswards,  but  were  informed  that 
several  Streams  of  Water  were  so  high  as  made  them 
impassable  on  Horseback. 

Went  out  about  11  °Clock  in  the  Rain  and  took  an 
Hall  or  two  with  Dr  Pikes,  Net  in  Asawamon  Creek, 
but  took  Nothing  but  one  Pike  &  a  Single  Taulapin. 

Spent  the  Leisure  Time  I  had  this  Day  in  Transcrib- 
ing the  Table  of  Natural  Lines  from  Gallibrands  Insti- 
tution Trigonometrical. 

Received  of  Willm  Parsons 20/ 

Yesterday  lent  him 0/4d 

and  7th  Day  last 0/4d 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  27 


4th  Day. 

This  morning  the  Clouds  began  to  break  and  about 
^  after  Nine  we  took  our  Leave  of  Our  most  hospitable 
Host  Dr  Pike;  at  about  10^  crossed  the  Head  of  the 
Sound  which  was  deep  &  in  which  my  Beast  made  a 
false  step  and  had  almost  thrown  me  into  the  Water, 
but  he  pretty  readily  recovering  his  Feet  got  out  safe. 
crost  another  place  of  deep  water  walking  over  some 
loggs  laid  length  Ways  on  the  Way  2  or  3  by  the  side 
of  one  anor  upon  which  our  Creatures  sometimes 
walked  and  between  whiles  blundred  first  on  one  side 
and  then  on  the  other  —  to  conclude  we  all  came  safely 
over  by  or  thro'  this  [blot]  of  a  Bridge,  and  proceeded 
on  our  Journey  to  Black  Foot  Creek  thro'  w°h  most 
of  our  Horses  swam  &  we  walked  over  the  Creek  on  a 
Couple  of  Loggs  laid  side  by  side  across  it  —  reacht 
Black  foot  @  half  ho  after  1,  where  we  took  up  our 
Lodging  disparing  to  reach  anor  Stage  this  evening. 

The  Ground  from  Romley  Marsh  to  Black  foot  Town, 
distant  from  each  oyr  about  15  Miles  as  far  as  we  could 
see  was  near  If  covered  wto  Water  —  the  far  Greater 
part  being  Gum  Swamps  mixed  with  Holley.  The 
Roads  so  extream  bad  that  in  plain  Ground  where  no 
Danger  could  be  suspected  the  Creatures  would  fre- 
quently sink  to  their  knees  and  sometimes  near  to  their 
B-ellys  in  the  Mire.  The  Land  about  Blackfoot  sandy 
Pine-land  yet  the  soil  in  many  places  seems  tolerable 
Good. 

This  Day  the  air  very  mild  and  cloudy  throughout. 


5th  Day. 

Last  night  Lodged  at  Jo8  Carters  at  Blackfoot  Town 
set  out  a  little  after  8  for  Lewes  Town  where  we  arived 
at  about  £  hor  after  1  in  the  afternoon  : 

The  Land  from  Blackfoot  to  Indian  River  a  kind  of 
Pine  Land  some  of  w**  seemed  tolerably  Good  —  from 
Indian  River  for  about  10  Miles  very  Barren  and 


28  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

broken  and  in  some  places  perfect  plains  and  ponds  of 
Water  thro'  wcb  we  after  times  rode  up  to  the  Bellys 
of  Our  Horses,  and  some  places  we  were  obliged  to 
dismount  and  lead  our  Horses  out  into  the  Woods 
where  they  waded  up  to  their  Bellys  in  the  fast  Ground. 

The  land  for  about  7  or  eight  miles  to  the  Southwest- 
ward  of  Lewis  is  tolerably  good  and  exceedingly  loaden 
with  young  and  thriving  Timber,  chiefly  of  the  Oak  and 
Poplar  kinds. 

As  we  came  into  Lewis  Town  we  saw  several  Beds 
of  snow  lying  in  the  Road,  Fields  adjoining,  drifted  in 
the  late  Storm.  I  mention  this  as  the  first  Snow  we 
saw  upon  our  Return  for  there  was  no  Snow  farther 
to  the  Southward  remaing  that  we  could  see.  paid 
Alexander  Reed  for  the  Trouble  Esqr  Shankland  &  self 
gave  him  when  we  went  down  to  the  Cape  2/6 — a  fine 
Day. 

18th  6*  Day. 

Lodged  last  night  at  one  Nunus's,  a  Jew,  where  we 
were  Well  entertained.  Spent  the  Evening  most  agree- 
ably in  Company  with  chief  Justice  Holt  and  Jacob 
Collock. 

January  18th  6*  Day  1750/1. 

Set  out  from  Lewis  about  10,  reached  prime  Hook 
about  1  where  we  dined  at  one  Fowlers — about  16  Miles 
out  of  Lewis  came  to  one  James  Cragues  at  the  Head 
of  the  Motherkill  about  7.  where  we  took  up  our 
Lodging — nearly  thirty  five  Miles  out  of  Lewis. 

The  Land  most  part  of  the  Way  lookt  pretty  likely 
and  just  as  we  came  out  of  the  Neck  from  Lewis,  My 
Horse  in  the  midst  of  the  Road  had  like  to  have  mired 
sinking  up  to  his  Belly  in  the  sand  and  Water.  A  very 
fine  Day. 

19*  7*  Day. 

This  morning  came  to  Dover  about  10  Breakfasted 
and  dined  at  one  Jn°  Clairs  @  the  Golden  Fleece  in 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  29 

Company  with  Justice  Davis,  Tim0  Hanson  one  Smith 
and  anor  Gentleman, — left  Dover  about  3.  and  came 
to  one  Marshals  at  Salsbury  alias  Duck  Creek  about  7, 
an  exceed6  fine  Day  throughout. 

January  the  20ih  1750/1,  First  Day. 

Set  out  from  David  Marshals  where  we  lodged  last 
night  early  in  the  morning  reacht  Blackbird  Creek 
about  10,  and  a  little  after  we  past  it  we  mis't  our  Way 
and  rode  Five  Miles  about  before  we  came  to  Saint 
George's  which  we  reacht  at  almost  2  in  the  afternoon, 
having  reid  about  27  Miles  since  we  left  Duck  Creek, 
dined  at  Saint  George  's  at  one  Goodwins,  and  at  about 
4  set  out  for  New  Castle  where  we  came  about  J  Hour 
after  7  and  took  up  our  Lodging  at  one  Boggs  's,  where 
we  resided  when  at  this  place  before.  From  S*  Georges 
to  New  Castle  is  12  Miles. 

This  Day  the  Weather  was  better  than  usual  for  the 
season  and  the  Sky  serene  from  Morning  to  Bedtime. 
The  Eoads  almost  all  the  Way  very  mirey  and  the  Land 
from  about  6  Miles  Northward  of  Duck  Creek  to  within 
one  Mile  South  of  New  Castle,  one  Continued  Tract 
of  incomparable  fine  Land.  If  people  Thrive  not  here 
it  must  be  owing  to  their  own  Misconduct. 

January  21,  1750/1  2*  Day. 

This  Day  our  Horses  being  weary  and  having  lost 
several  of  their  Shoes,  we  tarried  in  New  Castle  to  get 
them  shod,  our  selves  shaved  and  the  rest  of  the  Time 
we  employed  in  making  a  Draught  of  Fenwick's  Island, 
Assawamink  Creek  and  Sound  and  Sinnapuxon  Sound 
as  also  of  the  Meridian  line  we  have  staked  out,  and 
the  West  Course  w°h  we  continued  from  said  Island 
together  with  the  Creeks  Houses  &ca  which  we  past. 

Began  to  rain  about  |  ho.  after  Four  and  continued 
raining  very  hard  till  about  Nine  next  Morning. 


30  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

January  22*  1750/1,  3*. 

This  Morning  about  11  set  out  from  New  Castle 
crost  Christeen  Ferry  at  about  J  ho  after  1.,  the  Water 
very  rough  and  the  Boat  out  of  one  swell  shipped  near 
a  Barrel  of  Water,  reacht  Chester  about  5,  where  we 
took  lodging  at  one  Mathers 's  who  keeps  very  good 
Intertainment ;  the  Eoads  from  New  Castle  to  this 
place  extream  deep  &  miry.  Wet  my  self  in  riding  a 
small  Run  ab*  2  miles  on  this  side  Brandiwine  wch  Run 
was  deep  and  the  Water  came  up  above  the  Midsides 
of  the  Horses. 

23*,  4th  Day. 

Set  out  from  Chester  about  9  came  to  Philada  about 
12  in  wch  Distance  we  saw  many  tops  of  Houses  blown 
off  by  the  Wind  yesterday.  This  Day  was  cold  and 
clear  throughout  when  I  had  dined  went  up  to  my  very 
good  Friend  Nich8  Scull  and  spent  most  part  of  the 
afternoon  w*  him  and  Wm  Parsons  and  the  evening 
with  Tho8  Hill  and  some  Mariners  at  his  House. 
Lodged  at  Wm  Greys. 

Jan7  24th  1750/1,  5th  Day. 

This  morning  went  early  to  Anthoney  Hams  to  see 
if  my  Instrument  was  sent  down  to  Philada  accordg  to 
my  Direction  and  found  it  was  not.  did  some  other 
Business  at  Christopher  Marshalls  &cc,  got  my  Break- 
fast at  my  Lodging  &  went  up  to  the  Surveyor  Gen- 
erals, spent  some  time  with  him  &  Borrowed  of  him  a 
piece  lately  arived  from  England,  Wrote  by  T.  Mitchel, 
Fellow  of  Queen  College,  Cambridge,  being  a  Treatise 
of  Artificial  Magnets 

Expences  at  Philadla   5/6J 

Ditto          at  Bladwins  1/1J 

reacht  home  about  7  in  the  Evening  the  Way  extream 
rough  &  weather  Cold/called  at  Jos.  Liveseys  to  get 
the  Saddle  Bags  mended  and  left  Philad*  about  11.  a 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  31 

young  Dutch  man  came  home  &  lodged  with  me.  when 
I  came  home  I  found  my  Family  well  and  that  part  of 
my  House  was  blown  off  in  the  late  Storm,  but  was 
repaired. 

January  ,25th  6th  Day. 

This  Morning  heard  the  News  of  my  Cousin  Joseph 
Watson's  having  cut  himself,  paid  him  a  Visit,  dined 
with  him,  went  from  thence  to  my  Uncles  the  Drs,  Spent 
the  Evening,  and  supt  w*  him;  came  home  late  in  the 
Evening,  this  Day  was  cold  and  clear  from  morning 
to  night. 

26*,  7th  Day. 

This  morning  set  out  in  Order  to  go  to  E.  Scar- 
brough's  on  some  Busieness  with  him,  called  at  my 
Kindsman  Wm  Pearsons  who  told  me  Scarbrough  was 
gone  to  Philadla,  spent  most  part  of  this  Day  with  Wm 
Pearson,  came  home  In  the  Evening — this  was  also  a 
clear  day  and  cool. 

27*  1"  Day. 

This  Morning  was  cloudly  and  like  for  snow,  began 
to  snow  about  Noon  and  continued  snowing  till  about 
4,  when  it  turned  to  rain,  and  the  Eain  continued  very 
hard  most  part  of  the  Night. 

This  Day  Jonathan  Ingham  paid  me  a  Visit,  and  so 
did  John  Holms.  Spent  the  Evening  with  them,  and 
the  forepart  of  the  Day  in  Beading,  and  in  Writing  out 
some  observations  on  the  Nature  of  Magnetism. 

January  28*  2*  Day. 

Spent  this  Day  in  Conversation  wth-  my  Friend 
Jonathan  Ingham,  readg,  &  in  Transcribing  some  part 
of  the  ab°  mentioned  Author.  In  the  Evening  Jno 
Fisher  returned  from  Wrightstown  where  he  went  yes- 
terday to  see  his  Sister — fair  but  cloudy  for  the  most 
part  but  moderate  in  Eespect  of  heat  or  cold. 


32  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

January  29*,  3d  Day. 

this  morning  set  from  home  with  Jonathan  Ingham, 
went  with  him  to  Wm  Pearsons  to  take  the  Demensions 
of  some  Dial  Boards  and  thence  to  En.  Scarhroughs 
to  get  some  plates  made  for  them.  Jno.  Beaumont 
came  to  me  at  Eu.  Scarbronghs,  and  requested  my  as- 
sistance once  in  a  week  or  two  to  measure  a  piece  of 
Ld  situate  in  the  Jerseys  and  by  him  lately  bought  of 
the  Executors  of  Benjamin  Canby  Decd — went  wth  him 
to  Jonathan  Ingham 's  lane's  end  where  we  parted.  I 
to  Inghams  and  he  went  home:  fair  to  Day. 

Jany  30*.  4th  Day. 

Lodged  last  night  with  my  Friend  Jon*  Ingham  at  his 
own  House,  and  came  this  morning  again  to  Scar- 
broughs  to  see  about  my  plates  but  they  not  being  done 
was  obliged  to  come  home  and  leave  them  till  another 
Oppoy.  This  Day  it  began  to  snow  about  Noon  but 
snowed  not  very  much. 

January  31Bi  5th  Day. 

this  Day  spent  mostly  in  assisting  John  Fisher  to 
clean  some  Eye.  Wm  Bradfield  came  here  and  paid  me 
in  full  of  all  accots  against  him  and  I  paid  20/  to  John 
Fisher  after  I  had  done  cleaning  the  Eye — wrote  a 
Letter  to  Ant°  Ham  touch*  my  old  and  new  Instrum8: 
and  afterwards  carried  the  same  wtb  my  Compass  to 
Wm  Pearson's  to  get  him  to  carry  them  to  sd  Ham;  at 
Wm  Pearsons  found  Wm  Heaton  wrote  by  him  to  Wm 
Saterthwait:  came  home  late  in  the  Night — this  morns 
it  Drizzled  a  little  but  cleared  up  afl  Noon  and  was 
blustring  in  the  afternoon  but  not  very  cold. 

February  1st  1750/1,  6ih  Day. 

This  morning  not  very  well,  spent  most  of  the  Day 
in  calculating  the  Hour  Distance  for  the  Dial  to  be 
fixed  on  the  West  End  of  Buckingham  Meet5  House, 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  33 

and  the  Evening  in  Calculating  the  Latitude  of  the 
Cape  henlopen  from  the  Observations  made  of  the  0 
Meridian  Latitude  made  at  the  Cape  Decemr  31st,  38° 
34'.  North,  the  Altde  observed  being  29°  38',  and  the 
sun's  Decimation  21°  48'  by  the  observation  made 
January  the  first  1751,  38°  31'  North,  the  altitude  ob- 
served being  29°  51'.  and  the  O  Declination  the  same 
Day  being  21°  38'.  By  the  observation  made  January 
5th  altd  30°  33'  at  which  Time  the  Declination  was  20° 
56'  and  consequently  the  Lat.  the  same  as  made  by  the 
last  Observation. 

Note:  I  calculated  the  O  place  for  every  of  the  Days 
aforesaid  at  Noon  (mean  Time)  from  the  Flam- 
steadian  Tables,  and  found  the  same  to  be  as  follows. 

Decemr  318t  1750  vs  21°    14'    43" 
Jany         1.   1751  vs  22.     15.    51 
5 vs  26.     20.    15 

and  thence  the  Sun's  Declination  will  be  found  to  be  as 
above  allowing  the  greatest  obliquity  of  the  Ecliptic 
to  be  (as  Flamstead  makes  it)  23°  29'. 

This  Day  a  little  Cloudy  but  tolerable  good  weather 
for  the  Season. 

February  &,  7th  Day. 

Went  to  see  my  Sister  at  John  Fells,  called  at  Isaac 
Fells  as  I  went  and  got  him  to  finish  his  part  of  the 
Stiles  for  the  Meetg  House  Dials,  came  back  by  John 
Bradfields  where  I  spent  most  part  of  the  Evening; 
brought  home  the  Stiles  with  me,  where  I  came  about 
\  ho  after  nine  in  the  Evening,  the  forepart  of  this  Day 
was  cloudy,  and  like  for  Eain  but  cleared  up  about 
Noon  and  was  pleasant  for  the  Season,  at  John  Fells 
I  heard  the  very  disagreeable  News  of  the  Death  of 
James  Morris,  Trustee  of  the  loan  office,  and  of  Jacob 
Leech  a  valuable  Man  for  carrying  on  Busieness  in  his 
Way  of  Millering. 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 3 


34  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

Feb7  3A,  Ist  Day. 

went  to  ineetg  at  Buckingham,  Samuel  Eastburn 
spoke  a  few  words  by  way  of  Information  to  such  as 
were  unacquainted  with  silent  meetg8,  advising  all  to 
retire  into  themselves  and  wait  to  know  the  Lord's 
Teaching,  who  according  to  the  Testimony  given  of 
him  by  the  Woman  at  Jacob's  Well  would  teach  them 
as  never  Man  taught  and  show  them  all  that  ever  they 
Did.  he  it  was  to  whom  they  would  do  well  to  give 
head:  for  'tho  a  man  was  acquainted  with  every  State 
and  Condition  in  a  Meetg  Time  would  fail  him  to  speak 
to  them  all ;  but  the  Lord  could  speak  most  pertinently 
to  each  of  them. 

Thomas  Gill  likewise  spoke  with  great  Fervency  of 
Spirit  earnestly  pressing  all  to  a  diligent  and  faithful 
Improvement  of  the  present  opportunity.  Jane  Brad- 
field  prayed. 

After  meeting  went  to  Wm  Pearson's  who  sent  me 
Word  to  come  and  see  him  he  not  being  very  well  in 
Health,  in  my  Journey  homeward  met  John  Vanduren 
and  Tho8  Abbot  Vanduren  was  come  up  to  see  to  buy 
my  stone  Colt  to  morrow,  call'd  at  Sam1  Blakers,  came 
home  about  10  °Clock — a  fine  Day  for  the  Season. 

Feb7  4th  1750/1,  2*  Day. 

This  Morning  went  early  to  Uncle  Watson's  to  see 
if  his  son  Thomas  was  going  to  Philadla  to  Day,  who 
was  not,  came  home  got  ready  to  go  to  meet8  and  went 
— this  was  a  Month  meetg,  Sam1  Eastburn  spoke  again 
advising  all  to  the  exercise  of  brotherly  love  and 
Charity.  Benjamin  Fell  also  spoke  advising  all  to  at- 
tend to  the  teaching  of  that  Spirit  in  meetgs  of  Busie- 
ness  by  w°h  such  meet83  were  at  first  established.  Jane 
Bradfield  prayed  again  to  Day  I  think. 

To  this  Meetg  were  brought  Testimoneys  ready 
drawn  for  the  approbation  of  the  Meet8  against  Bob* 
Nary  and  Dan1  Jones,  the  formr  of  whom  by  much  Im- 


Penn  versus  Baltimore,  35 

portunity  was  prevailed  upon  to  request  another  month 
to  see  if  he  could  do  what  he  repeatedly  declared  he 
never  should,  a  Testimony  was  also  Ordered  to  be 
drawn  against  Tho8  Rath  mi  11  and  to  be  brought  to  the 
next  meet8  for  approbation,  came  home  directly  from 
Meetg,  spent  the  Evening  in  Transcribing  from  the 
Book  of  Magnetism,  cloudy  and  cold  wth  out  rain  or 
snow. 

February  the  5th,  3d  Day. 

Went  to  Uncle  Watsons  early  in  the  morning  and 
sent  a  Letter  by  Thomas  Watson  to  Antho  Ham  for  my 
Compass  and  relating  to  a  new  Instrument,  employed 
in  some  small  Calculations  of  the  E  A  of  the  Polar 
Star.  &c.  according  to  the  Eevnd  Mr  Whittys  Method 
w°h  he  says  was  also  Mr  Flamsteads — a  fine  Day  but 
cool. 

Feb7  the  6*,  4th  Day. 

Last  Night  my  Friend  Paul  Preston  paid  me  a  Visit 
and  lodged  with  me.  in  the  Forenoon  employed  in 
some  further  Calculations  of  the  same  Nature  with 
those  mentioned  Yesterday  in  the  Evening  or  Eather 
afternoon,  went  up  to  Edward  Eices  and  in  Company 
wtb  Mary  Wilson  and  from  thence  to  Paul  Prestons 
School.  This  Day  for  the  most  part  Cloudy  and  in  the 
Evening  2  or  three  Scudds  of  Snow.  Adrian  Davis 
was  here  in  the  Morning  whom  I  assisted  to  load  some 
Hay  which  he  came  for. 

February  the  7th,  5th  Day. 

This  morning  spent  in  Eead6  and  some  Calculations 
— Spent  the  afternoon  with  Eobert  Henderson ;  and  in 
the  Evening  went  to  Doc11'  Watsons  to  see  if  he  had 
brought  my  Compass  home  w*  him,  but  found  he 
had  not,  Ham  having  disappointed  him  about  Getting 
it  Done — came  home  late  in  the  Night;  this  Day  John 
Brown  came  here  to  get  me  to  draw  a  Eelease  from 
his  Sisters  to  him  for  their  Estate  in  the  D  late  their 


36  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

Fathers,  and  a  Discharge  from  their  executorship  —  a 
fine  Day  but  cool. 

February  5th  1750/1,  6*  Day. 
Wrote  the  Discharge  af  ores*  —  a  fine  cool  Day. 

February  9*  1750/1,  7*  Day. 
"Wrote  the  Eelease  above  mentioned. 


,  First  Day. 

Stayed  at  home  employed  in  Read*  settling  some 
Accot9  to  be  laid  before  the  Commis™  to  morrow  at  New- 
town. 

February  10th  1750/1,  1*  Day. 

After  Dinner  carried  Brown's  Writings  to  him  at 
Uncle  Watson's.  Charge  w°b  I  have  against  him  in  the 
whole  am18  to  25/. 

John  Chapman  came  to  meet  Uncles  and  presuaided 
to  ride  part  of  the  Way  with  him  towards  his  Fathers 
which  I  did,  and  it  grew  very  Dark  and  rained  mixt 
with  Hail,  and  he  prevailed  upon  me  to  go  with  him  to 
his  Brother  Abrahams,  where  we  lodged  together. 
This  Night  it  rained  very  fast. 

February  11*,  2A  Day. 

this  Day  the  Eain  continued  and  I  tarried  at  Abr* 
Chapmans  until  almost  Night,  and  as  I  came  home  it 
rained  a  very  heavy  Shower  and  cleared  up—  called  at 
Jos.  Watson's  and  bled  his  Wife. 

Feb7  12*  1750/1,  3d  Day. 

Went  down  to  Newtown  pretty  early  and  laid  my 
Accote  as  Trea8  before  the  Commis1"8  and  exhibited  a 
Complaint  ag81  the  assessors  of  The  Forks  and  North- 
ampton. 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  37 

This  Day  John  Chapman  resigned  the  Office  of  Clerk 
to  the  Commissioners  who  were  pleased  to  Name  me  in 
his  Stead,  but  considering  the  small  Benefit  attending 
it  declined  the  same,  and  John  Hart  was  chosen  in  my 
stead.  Appointed  on  a  Committee  w*  John  Chapman 
to  revise  the  Com8  Minits  and  to  engross  the  same  in 
a  Book  to  be  bought  by  us  for  that  Purpose. 

came  homewards  this  Evening  as  far  as  Abr*  Chap- 
mans  where  I  lodged  wth  my  Friend  John  Chapman  — 
this  Day  clear  and  not  very  cold. 


Feb7  1750/1  4*  Day. 

came  home  w*  John  Chapman  as  far  as  Geo.  Hughes 
where  we  parted  —  I  came  home  and  went  to  Mill  wtt 
some  Eye  to  be  choped  for  the  Creatures. 

When  I  came  Home  Sam1  Blaker  soon  followed  me, 
and  we  appointed  to  meet  to  Morrow  Morning  at  his 
House. 

Daniel  Eyan  came  for  his  leases,  Charge  7/6  —  this 
Day  tolerable  somew1  cloudy  in  the  Morning  and  in  the 
afternoon  very  fine,  Weather  Moderate  &  clear. 

14*,  5*  Day. 

Went  to  E.  Scarbrough's  with  Uncle  Blaker,  got  my 
Stiles  and  other  things  finished  for  my  Dial  Plains, 
came  home  late  in  the  Evening,  —  this  Day  I  saw  my 
Kindsman  Enoch  Pearson  at  his  Fathers  lately  re- 
turned from  Virginia.  In  the  forepart  of  the  Day  the 
Weather  was  pretty  clear  and  cool,  but  towards  Night 
the  Wind  turned  to  the  South  East  and  it  became 
Cloudy  and  like  for  Snow. 

February  15*  1750/1,  6*  Day. 

This  morning  it  snowed  fast  and  towards  Noon 
turned  to  Eain  and  continued  raing  all  Night  very  hard. 
In  the  Morng  Josa  Fenton  came  to  get  some  Eeleases 


38  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

drawn  and  soon  after  he  went  away  a  young  Irish 
Gentleman  came  and  wanted  lodging  and  stayed  all 
Night,  as  did  [my]  Kindsmen  Wm  and  Enoch  Pear- 
son who  stayed  all  Night. 


Feb*. 

early  in  the  Morning  John  Holms  came  and  re- 
quested Wm  Pearson  to  go  home  and  fetch  his  Wife, 
for  that  the  said  Holms  's  Wife  was  in  Labour,  brought 
his  wife  and  came  again  to  my  House  and  stayed  a 
while  and  then  went  away  w"1  his  Brother  Enoch.  Yes- 
terday I  sent  an  address  to  the  Commis™  and  Assesors 
on  Behalf  of  the  Moravian  Bretheren  By  Anthony  Al- 
bright who  returned  to  Day  about  Noon,  and  told  me 
the  Commissioners  and  Assessors  were  gone  home 
without  taxing  the  people,  and  that  therefore  he  was 
delayed  in  his  Business.  Spent  this  afternoon  chiefly 
in  Discourse  with  said  Albright,  who  related  several 
odd  pranks  of  Justice  Owen  as  well  as  some  of  his 
Drunken  Frolicks. 

In  the  Morning  it  rained  a  little  but  soon  ceased,  the 
Wind  rising  and  about  11  in  the  Forenoon  it  was  quite 
cleared  up  and  continued  a  little  blustring  but  not  very 
cold  till  Night. 

Wrote  to  James  Craig  by  Anto  Albright  to  advise 
him  to  pay  the  Tax  due  from  him  to  the  said  County, 
the  said  Ant°  promising  to  convey  it  to  him  in  a  few 
Days. 

February  J7th  1751,  lai  Day. 

This  Morning  Anthony  Albright  set  out  to  go  home 
—  this  Day  being  somewhat  Disordered  wth  the 
Eheumatism  in  my  Bight  Hip  Joint  as  I  had  been  for 
some  Days  past,  stayed  at  Home  spent  most  of  my 
Time  in  Castalios  Latin  Testament  and  calculated  the 
place  of  Jupiter  and  Venus  for  March  31st  a  8J  P.  M. 
1751,  and  found  the  Place  of  Jupiter  11°  51'  4"  in  8 
and  that  of  Venus  12°  53'  41"  in  the  same  Sign— 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  39 

George  Saterthwait  came  home  with  my  People  from 
meeting — a  fine  Day. 

Feby  18th,  &  Day. 

This  morning  was  cloudy,  and  it  began  to  Snow 
pretty  smartly  abl  Nine  and  continued  snowing  till  ab' 
Noon  when  it  turned  to  Eain  and  rained  hard  till  near 
Sun-set.  Josiah  Fenton  here  for  whom  I  drew  up  his 
Acco*  of  his  Administ.  and  wrote  some  Eeceipts  for 
him;  Philip  Wigar  was  also  here  to  get  me  to  survey 
some  Ld  for  him  over  Tohiccon; — ab*  Sun  set  went  to 
Wm  Pearsons  where  I  tarried  all  Night,  Geo.  Sater- 
thwait set  homeward  in  the  Snow — this  Day  as  ab°  De- 
scribed. 

Feb7  19th  3d  Day  1750/1. 

This  Morning  Enoch  Pearson  set  forwards  on  his 
Journey  towards  Virginia  and  took  w111  him  a  young 
Stalion  he  bo1  of  Matw  Beans;  his  Brother  William 
went  in  Company  with  him  to  Philadia  by  whom  I  sent 
Mitchell  Lib  of  Magnetism  to  Nich°  Scull,  and  a  letter 
to  Davd  Hall  desiring  him  to  send  me  the  Books  he  had 
bought,  if  it  any  for  me — came  home  abl  10,  calculated 
the  Declinations  of  Jupiter  and  Venus  at  the  Time 
mentioned  February  17th,  found  the  Dec.  of  Jupiter 
14°  35  N  his  amplitude  19°  17'  Northward,  the  Time  of 
his  Setting  @  8ho  9'  23"  P.  M.  and  his  Central  Distce 
from  the  Center  of  Venus  1°  28'  nearly— 

The  Die6  of  <j>  15°  41'  North  her  amplitude  20°  46' 
North,  and  the  Time  of  her  Setting  at  8ho  16'  40"  in  the 
Lat.  40°  20'  North  &  proved  Law  Mergle's  and  Wm 
Kails  Surveys.  This  was  a  fine  Day. 

Jupiter  sets  7'  17"  sooner  than  Venus.   . 

Feb.  20th  1750/1,  4th  Day. 

This  morning  rose  early  and  went  to  Mill — while  my 
Corn  was  grinding  went  up  to  Paul  Prestons  School, 
came  home  abl  12  °Clock  and  brought  with  me  a  Book 


40  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

of  Guageing  from  the  Miller  for  w°h  I  am  to  give  him 
Watts 's  Preservative  against  the  Sins  and  Follies  of 
Childhood  and  Youth;  after  I  came  home  made  a 
Draught  for  Wm  Bradfield'of  his  Land,  and  computed 
the  Quantity  of  Land  contained  in  -Law :  Mergles  Sur- 
vey :  shaved  myself — abl  3  Holmes  fetched  Mary  to  his 
Wife.  Yesterday  received  news  of  my  Friend  Jon* 
Ingham's  Illness  in  Philadla— Wm  Saterthwait  came 
here  to  Night. 

This  was  a  very  pleasant  morning  &  continued 
pleasant  until  ab*  \  ho :  after  2  P.  M.  when  grew  cloudy 
and  very  like  for  Eain. 

218i  February  1750/1,  5th  Day. 

This  morning  went  to  Wm  Pearsons  very  early  who 
was  returned  from  Philadla  and  brought  me  Bu- 
chanan 's  Psalms  and  Dr.  Barrows  Euclid  and  a  Sheet 
of  Parchment,  together  with  a  small  pruning  Hatchet, 
for  all  w**  (the  Books  excepted)  gave  him  15/.  more 
than  what  they  came  to  by  3/.  came  home  and  spent 
the  Eemr  of  the  Day  in  Readg  Buchn  Psalms,  some 
Mathematical  Discourses  &ca  Paul  Preston  came  this 
Evening  to  get  his  Shoes  mended  by  Fisher  who  went 
away  ab*  Noon.  This  Day  Rained  almost  throughout — 
Hannah  Hutchin's  &  Mary  Return  of  the  Birth  of  John 
Holmes 's  Son  in  the  Night. 

22*  6th  Day. 

Paul  Preston  Departed  early  in  the  morning — 
cleaned  or  rather  winnowed  some  wheat.  Fothered  the 
Creatures,  spent  the  Day  in  Read8  &c. — this  Day  fine 
&  mostly  clear. 

Feb7  23*,  7th  Day. 

This  morning  Wm  Saterthwait  went  away  &  I  ac- 
companied him  as  far  as  Sam1  Blakers — wrote  some 
Receipts  for  Fenton's.  Paul  Preston  came  in  the 
Evening  to  get  his  Shoes  mended  by  John  Fisher. 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  41 

Spent  the  Evening  in  Buchanans  Psalms,  this  Day 
was  cloudy  in  the  morning,  and  continued  so  most  part 
of  the  Day,  but  in  the  Evening  cleared  up  and  was  a 
fine  starlight  Night. 

Feb7  24th,  1st  Day. 

This  morning  was  Frosty  and  cool,  but  the  Weather 
grew  Hasey  towards  night.  Paul  Preston  went  away 
a  little  after  Dinner.  Wm  Pearson  and  John  Holms 
came  here  and  spent  the  Evening  with  me  or  rather 
the  afternoon.  Paul  Preston  &  I  employed  Our  selves 
the  Forepart  of  the  Day  in  Buchanan  'sTsalms. 

Feb7  25th,  2*  Day. 

McClain  came  to  get  me  to  resurvey  his  Land,  and 
Alexander  Brown  to  come  and  Divide  the  Tract  late  in 
possession  of  James  Evans  Decd  between  him  &  his 
nephew  John  Brown.  Wrote  some  Releases  &  Acquit- 
ances  for  the  Fentons — a  Cloudy  Day  and  like  for  Eain, 
rained  a  little  in  the  Evening. 

Feb7  26*,  3d  Day. 

This  morning  wrote  a  Bond  for  Samuel  Smith  and 
afterward  assisted  John  Fisher  in  cleaning  some  wheat. 
This  Day  was  cloudy  and  drizzeled  a  Little  for  the  most 
part  till  about  5  in  the  Evening  when  it  began  to  rain 
heavily. 

27*,  4th  Day. 

Busied  about  some  Leases  Between  Alexr  Brown 
Nathan  Preston  of  the  one  part  and  Henry  Preston  of 
the  other  Part.  The  Weather  Blustring  and  air  some- 
times a  little  thick  wth  fly8  Clouds. 

28*,  5th  Day. 

This  Day  employed  about  said  Leases,  this  day  Mary 
@  the  Quarterly  Meet8  at  Wrightstown.  Cloudy  in  the 


42  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

Morning  and  cleared  towards  Noon  and  in  the  Evening 
flying  Gusts  of  Snow. 

March  1"  0th. 

About  the  Leases  till  about  Noon,  Jeremiah  Wm" 
here.  Went  in  the  Evening  to  see  my  Sister.  Lame  is 
John  Fells  w"1  a  sore  leg — fine  Day. 

March  2*,  7th  Day. 

Busied  about  my  Compas ;  John  Beaumont  here  ap- 
pointed to  meet  him  next  third  Day  Morn*  at  Luther 
Calvins  in  Bethlehem  or  Kingwood — went  With  him 
far  as  Sam1  Blakers.  this  Day  Died  John  Eich  of 
Plumstead,  to  be  buried  next  2d  Day.  at  Uncle  Wat- 
sons in  the  Evening  Thomas  Gilbert,  and  his  son  Thos. 
Sam1  Blaker  Edward  Eice  here  at  my  Eeturn — a  fine 
Day. 

M arch  3d,  1st  Day. 

Went  to  Meet8  at  Buckingham,  a  woman  Friend  and 
John  Scarbrough  preacht,  Scarbrough  insisted  much 
and  rationally  upon  the  Absolute  Necessity  of  the  New 
Birth.  Jane  Bradfield  attempted  to  pray — A  fine  Day 
for  the  most  part,  tho  Cool. 

March  4th. 

Yesterday  when  I  came  from  Meetg  my  old  Blackbird 
was  fallen  down  and  could  not  get  up,  could  scarce 
stand  when  raised :  this  Morning  was  likewise  so :  this 
was  a  most  excellent  Creature,  pleased  always  with  the 
Sight  of  me  w°h  she  expresed  by  a  very  affectionate 
Neighing  and  tho  her  Life  seems  almost  Burthensome 
to  her  yet  to  knock  such  a  faithful  Friend  in  the  Head 
seems  the  Highest  ingratitude,  and  w011  I  can  neither 
actually  nor  authoritavely  be  guilty  of.  I  am  almost 
directly  to  set  out  towards  meetg  of  Beaumont,  at  King- 
wood;  set  out  about  1  this  afternoon,  snowed  pretty 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  43 

fast  at  the  same  Time  &  so  continued  till  I  came  to  my 
old  Friend  &  acquaintance  Moses  Marshalls  where  I 
stayed  all  Night :  this  night  my  Mare  died  who  had  I 
been  at  home  should  have  been  decently  buried,  &  so 
deep  a  sense  I  have  of  her  many  services  that  were 
they  related  wth  the  imbelisments  proper  to  the  occasion 
it  would  look  more  like  the  Character  of  an  Elizabeth 
or  a  Carolina  than  of  an  Old  Mare. 

March  5th  1750/1 

this  morning  spent  at  Moses  Marshals;  set  out  for 
Luther  Calvins  about  11.  where  I  arrived  about  1. 
John  Beaumont  not  yet  come,  saw  Abraham  Gooding 
there  who  told  me  Wm  Morris  wanted  me  much  to  sur- 
vey him  a  piece  of  Land,  this  Day  snowed  a  little  in 
the  Morning  but  blew  up  cold  about  Noon,  the  Wind 
N.  N.  W.  or  thereabouts. 

March  6*  1750/1. 

Lodged  at  Luther  Calvins.  John  Beaumont  came 
about  11,  got  Dinner  and  went  about  his  Survey,  and 
spent  the  afternoon  about  it.  this  Day  pretty  clear 
throughout. 

March  7th  1750/1. 

prosecuted  our  Survey,  and  compleated  the  same  a 
little  after  Noon;  John  Beaumont  bore  my  Expences. 
set  out  wth  him  homewards,  parted  at  John  Wacfords 
where  I  stayed  all  Night,  rec'd  7/6  in  full  for  the  Eemr 
of  the  price  of  a  Deed  w°h  I  wrote  him — this  Day  pretty 
Clear. 

March  5th  1750/1,  6th  Day. 

This  Day  came  home  calling  in  the  Way  to  seek 
for  mony  at  Jon1  Stouts,  Eichd  Holcombs,  Jon1  Ingham 
Euclid8  Scarbroughs  but  received  none:  last  Night 
Wrote  to  Isaac  Leet,  and  Mr.  Bonham  to  have  my 
Money  ready  in  2  Weeks  at  farthest,  when  I  came  home 


44  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

rec'd  a  Letter  from  Wm  Allen,  Secretary  Peters  and 
Nich8  Scull  relatg  to  the  Survey  of  some  Lds  in  Durham 
Township  and  a  message  from  Uncle  Watson  to  ac- 
quaint me  of  Israel  Pemberton  junr  Being  at  his  House 
— this  Day  was  hazy  and  not  unlike  for  Eain  to  mor- 
row. 

March  9ih  1750/1,  7*  Day. 

Spent  the  Morning  about  my  Compass  Needles.  Went 
to  Eu:  Scarbrough  got  my  Colt  shod,  thence  to  Jon* 
Inghams  to  carry  some  Yar  [n]  to  be  died  blew — this 
Day  was  cloudy  for  the  most  part  &  about  3  or  a  little 
after  began  to  rain  and  Eained  hard  all  Night. 

March  10*  1750/1,  1st  Day. 

this  Day  being  Eainy  spent  it  at  Jn*  Inghams  till 
about d  in  the  afternoon  when  set  out  &  I  came  home  a 
little  after  Sun  Set.  found  my  Kindsman  Joseph  Wat- 
son &  Heaton  at  my  House.  Spent  the  Evening  in  Wm 
Laws  ansr  to  Dr.  Traps  Discourse  upon  the  Sin  Folly 
and  Dang1"  of  Being  Eighteous  over  much. 

March  11*  1751,  2*  Day. 

Employed  in  assisting  John  Fisher  to  clean  some 
Wheat:  Old  John  Fisher  &  one  Stout  here  all  Night— 
this  Day  blustering  and  the  heavens  overcast  with  fly- 
ing Clouds. 

March  12*  1751, 3*  Day. 

Went  to  New  brittan,  Surveyed  a  piece  of  Land  for 
Sol:  McClain  Beg:  Heap  Stones  Cor1"  Edw*  Doyle  Ld 
thence  by  the  same  S.  E.  17  to  H.  Stones  thce  by  Wm 
Dungans  Ld  124.  34.  to  D°  thce  by  Ld  of  Elvan  Stevens 
N  W  175  to  D°  th06  124,  3  by  Ld  of  Isaac  Evans  to  the 
Beg*  Conta  136  a.  also  a  piece  of  the  South  Cor1"  of  the 
same  Conta  50./104.44  p  Wm  Dungan  &  76.6  p  Evan 
Stevans  Cor1"8  Stones  10/5  apiece.  I  came  home  abl  30' 
after  7  this  Day  was  moderate  but  Cloudy  Edwd  Eice 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  45 

met  me  at  Wm  Doils  and  went  with  me  to  see  to  buy 
some  of  the  Land,  and  as  we  Eeturned  he  gave  me  a 
short  Hystory  of  a  Drubing  he  gave  a  presbyterian 
Minister  in  Strawberry  Alley  who  cheated  him  at 
Cards. 

1751,  March  13*  4*  Day. 

This  Day  spent  in  proving  Beamonts  Survey.  John 
Okely  and  two  more  of  the  Brethern  brought  me  a  Pair 
of  Boots  w°h  by  a  misfortune  happened  to  be  too  long 
in  the  Feet ;  John  Seabring  and  John  Baserof  for  their 
Releases; — this  Day  was  pretty  clear  from  the  most 
part  15/ 

March  14*  1751,  5*  Day. 

This  morning  made  Draughts  of  my  survey  made  on 
the  12th  Instant,  and  searcht  up  the  papers  relating  to 
the  public  Ground  at  Newtown  and  made  a  Draught 
thereof  in  Order  to  present  to  the  Trustees  to  morrow. 
Nat1  Davis  came  and  paid  his  Eemr  of  Northampton 
Tax.  Paul  Preston  to  get  his  Shoe  mended.  Isaac 
Fell  for  a  Bond  to  save  harmless  The  Townsp — a  Dull 
Drizly  Day. 

March  15*  6*  Day,  1751. 

this  Day  rained  so  hard  till  near  Noon  concluded  not 
to  go  to  Newtown  to  Day.  carried  the  papers  afforesd 
to  Joseph  "Watsons  where  I  left  them  &  thence  to  Wm 
Pearsons  for  parchm*,  who  was  at  Court.  Came  home 
by  Uncle  Watsons  to  see  if  any  of  them  went  to  the 
Spring  Meeting  to  morrow,  after  I  came  home  spent 
the  Evening  in  Buchannans  Psalms. — Weather  cleared 
up  mild  in  the  Evening. 

March  16*,  7*  Day,  1751. ' 

Went  early  to  Uncle  Watsons,  returned  and  went  to 
John  Browns  in  order  to  divide  his  land  between  him 
and  his  Uncle  Alexander  Brown,  but  found  him  not  at 
home  but  gone  to  Court ;  returned  by  the  Way  of  Ben- 


46  Penn  versus  Baltimore. 

jamin  Fells,  and  Edward  Bices,  got  home  about  Noon 
and  went  about  writing  a  Bond  to  save  harmless  the 
Townsp.  of  Buckingham  &c  from  Hannah  Lowther  &c : 
2/6  Three  of  the  Moravian  Brethern  came  here ;  spent 
the  evening  in  Company  with  them,  as  I  rode  along  the 
Way  to  John  Browns  this  Forenoon,  I  attempted  to 
make  a  few  Lines  in  English  run  after  the  Manner  of 
Buchannans  105  Psalm : 

Life  is  short,  its  purpose  Weighty 

Well  to  be  considered  on : 
Have  we  spent  our  Days  in  Pleasure? 

Joyed  in  ought  below  the  Sun? 
Or  the  Yoke  of  the  Eedeemer, 

Well  supported  in  our  Youth? 
Ey'd  his  sight  of  Life  within  us, 

Leading  in  the  Paths  of  Truth, 
Then  our  Minds  shall  feast  on  Dainties 

Treasures  of  the  World  to  come 
Laus,  Honor,  Decusque  Regi, 

Sempiterno  Coelitum! 

This  Day  was  tolerable  Weather  throughout. 

March  17*  1751,  Ist  Day. 

to  Day  went  to  Meeting  at  Buckingham,  my  mind 
unsettled  and  Wandering,  tho'  received  some  Benefit 
from  John  Scarbroughs  Discourse  on  these  Words.  Ye 
search  the  Scriptures  for  in  them  ye  think  to  have 
eternal  Life  but  ye  will  not  come  unto  me  that  ye  may 
have  Life :  Ann  Scoldfield  preached  and  prayed,  after 
Meetg  went  to  W.  Pearsons  who  went  with  me  to  Wm 
Lees  whose  Son  Thomas  went  with  me  Jon1  Coopers, 
returned  to  Wm  Lees  where  I  lodged  all  night — a  fine 
Day. 

March  18*  1751,  &  Day. 

came  home  about  8  A.  M.  Sam1  Blaker,  Dan1  White 
here,  sent  out  directly  to  John  Brown's  divided  the 


Penn  versus  Baltimore.  47 

Land  between  him  and  his  Uncle  Alexander  Between  N. 
W.  &  S.  E.  172.  &  the  N.  West  End  102.45  p  the  end  op- 

10     25 

posite  100.65  divided  the  ends  equally  and  ran  a  line  up 

50    25 

the  Middle,  7/6.  To  write  a  Deed  from  John  to  Alexr 
Brown  for  half  said  Land  the  Corner  Stones  Warranty 
against  John  Brown  and  his  Heirs  and  the  Heirs  of 
Geo.  Brown  and  James  Evans  Decd  and  persons  claim- 
ing under  them.  Condr  Money  Ninety  Five  Pounds. 

called  at  Adrian  Daws  as  I  came  home,  when  at  home 
found  Jos.  Heaton,  Isaac  Minor  &  my  sister  there — 
this  Day  was  pretty  good  Weather  for  the  most  part 
tho  Blustring. 


48  David  Garrick  and  "Old  Penn. 


DAVID  GARRICK  AND  "OLD  PENN." 

An  Historic  Programme  Showing  the  Actor's  Interest  in  the 
Infant  University. 

By  EDWARD  ROBINS. 

An  interesting  fact  about  David  Garrick,  the  great 
English  actor,  showing  that  he  took  a  kindly  interest 
in  the  far-away  University  of  Pennsylvania  (then 
known  as  the  "College,  Academy  and  Charitable 
School  of  Philadelphia")  is  evidenced  in  a  programme 
or  play-bill  which  Captain  Arthur  Grant,  of  Scotland, 
has  just  presented  to  The  Historical  Society  of  Penn- 
sylvania. This  bill,  which  is  in  a  particularly  fine  con- 
dition for  so  old  a  relic,  is  for  a  benefit  given  at  the 
Theatre  Royal,  Drury  Lane,  on  Wednesday,  April  27, 
1763,  for  the  "Colleges  of  Philadelphia  and  New  York" 
— in  other  words  for  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
and  King's  College,  now  Columbia  University. 

It  may  be  recalled  that  Dr.  William  Smith,  first 
Provost  of  "Pennsylvania,"  went  to  England  in  the 
early  spring  of  1762,  that  he  might  collect  money  for 
his  institution,  of  which  it  was  sadly  in  need.  The 
trustees  and  faculty  were  anxious  to  increase  the  effi- 
ciency and  scope  of  the  l  i  College  and  Academy, ' '  but  it 
was  evident  that  Philadelphia  could  not  alone  supply 
the  funds  for  that  purpose.  So  Provost  Smith  braved 
the  hardships  of  an  ocean  voyage — and  they  were  real 
hardships  in  those  days — and  landed  in  England  armed 
with  an  address  from  the  trustees  "To  all  charitable 
Persons  and  Patrons  of  Useful  Knowledge."  (Quoted 
in  full  in  Horace  Wemyss  Smith's  "Life  and  Corre- 
spondence of  the  Rev.  William  Smith,  D.D.")  He  was 
also  furnished  with  an  appeal  to  the  Penn  family  to  aid 
the  enterprise  in  England,  and  was  soon  calling  on 


David  Gar  rick  and  "Old  Penn."  49 

Thomas  Penn,  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  and  other 
persons  of  prominence. 

But  just  as  the  prospects  of  a  goodly  collection  for 
the  College  seemed  bright,  Dr.  Smith  received  a  severe 
shock,  for  he  writes  home  under  date  of  July  10,  1762 : 
"  Just  now  I  am  so  disconcerted  that  I  know  not  what 
to  do.  I  had  proposed  setting  out  in  a  day  or  two  with 
Mr.  Powel  to  proceed  leisurely  through  the  several 
trading  towns  and  places  to  the  northward  as  far  as 
Edinburgh ;  but  Dr.  Jay,  from  New  York,  which  he  left 
June  1st ;  has  just  called  on  me  and  told  me  that,  some 
business  of  his  own  calling  him  to  England,  the  people 
of  the  College  at  New  York  had  applied  to  and  em- 
powered him  to  solicit  money  for  them. ' ' 

Dr.  Jay,  afterwards  Sir  James  Jay,  was  a  brother 
of  the  Honorable  John  Jay,  and  was  now  acting  as  an 
agent  for  King's  College.  For  the  good  Provost  this 
surely  was  1 1  disconcerting ; ' '  indeed,  for  a  time  he  was 
most  indignant  at  what  he  considered  "an  unfair  inter- 
ference with  his  plans. "  But  finally  his  anger  cooled, 
and  it  was  wisely  arranged  that  he  and  Dr.  Jay  should 
work  together  in  harmony,  and  divide,  as  it  were,  the 
territory  between  them.  The  King,  who  expressed  his 
approval  of  the  scheme,  granted  a  "Boyal  Brief "  or 
letters  patent  clothing  Dr.  Smith  and  Dr.  Jay  with 
official  authority  for  thus  soliciting  funds. 

Just  what  the  first  Provost  accomplished  need  not  be 
retailed  here,  but  it  should  be  told,  apropos  to  the  play- 
bill just  come  to  light,  that  he  was  not  ignorant  of  the 
advantages  of  a  theatrical  performance  as  a  means  of 
swelling  the  poorly-filled  coffers  of  the  Philadelphia 
College  and  Academy.  For  he  was  not  slow  to  make 
the  acquaintance  of  David  Garrick,  then  living  in 
Southampton  Street,  London,  in  a  house  still  standing, 
an  admirable  example  of  Georgian  domestic  archi- 
tecture. That  he  asked  the  "little  great  man"  to  help 
"  Pennsylvania, ' '  and  that  the  actor  willingly  agreed, 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 4 


50  David  Gar  rick  and  "Old  Penn." 

FOR    THE 

Benefit  of  the   Colleges  of 
Philadelphia  and  New  Tork. 

**^##*^**#^*^^#^**4^#<H^ 
AT     THE 

TheatreRoyal  in  Drury-Lane, 

On  WEDNESDAY  next,  the  2yth  of  APRIL, 
Will    be    PERFORM'D 

The  CURE  of  SAC/L, 

A    SACRED     ODE. 

Written    by    Dr.  BROWN. 

Set   to  felect  ^irs,    Duets  and  ChoruJJes, 

From    Mr.    HANDEL, 

And     other     Eminent    COMPOSERS. 

With  the  Addition  of  feveral  New  Sortgf. 

The      VOCAL      PARTS      by 

Mr.  Beard,         ?S  Siga.  Frafi, 
Sig.  Tenducci,     Sc  Mrs.  Scott, 
Mr.  Norn's,       O      AND 
Mr.  Champnes,  x  Mifs  Toung. 

The  ORCHESTRA  to  be  led 

By   Signor  G  I  A  R  D  I  N  I, 

Who  will  perform  a  Concerto  on  the  VIOLIN  between  the  Afts» 

1§||    P  I  T  and  B  O  X  E  S  to  be  put  together. 
No  Perfons  to  be  admitted  without  Tickets,  which  will  be  de- 
livered at  the  Office  in  the  Theatre  at  Half-a-Guinea  each  ; 
And  alfo  at  the  following  Coffee- houfes,  viz.  the  Smyrna,  Pall-mall; 
the  Mount \  Grofvenor ftreet ;  Georges,  Temple- bar ;  the  Rainbow,  Corn- 
bill;  \hcN*wf*rt,  Sweeting*  alley,  and  the  Penfyhama,  Bircbin  lane. 

FIRST  GALLERY  55.     SECOND  GALLERY  35.  6d. 

*  Gal/tries  to  be  opened  at  Half  an  Hour  after  Four,  Pit  and' Boxes  at  Five. 

|  To  begin  at  Half  an  Hour  paft  Six.  Pivant  Rex  fcf  Regina 


David  Gar  rick  and  "Old  Penn."  51 

is  shown  by  the  extract  of  a  letter  he  wrote  under  date 
of  April  24, 1763,  to  the  Eev.  Dr.  Bichard  Peters,  Pres- 
ident of  the  trustees  of  the  College:  "On  Wednesday 
next  we  are  to  have  a  Benefit  Oratorio  at  Drury  Lane 
( Garrick 's  House)  Mr.  Beard  leaves  his  own  House 
to  perform  for  us  at  the  other ;  and  will  give  a  Benefit 
himself  next  Winter,  but  could  not  do  it  now  on  account 
of  a  week  lost  to  him  by  the  late  Eiots  at  his  House, 
viz :  Covent  Garden.  Mr.  Garrick  has  been  exceedingly 
kind  in  the  matter,  gave  his  House  at  first  asking,  and 
was  sorry  that  the  Season  was  so  far  advanced  &  that 
he  had  no  night  disengaged  sooner.  The  principal  per- 
formers Vocal  &  Instrumental  serve  gratis,  &  we  are 
favoured  with  the  Boys  from  the  Chapel  Eoyal,  and 
every  other  mark  of  Distinction.  Mr.  Tyers  even  put 
off  the  opening  of  Vaux  Hall,  which  was  fixed  on  Wed- 
nesday next,  in  order  to  favour  us." 

This  letter,  of  which  a  copy  is  to  be  found  in  the 
Minutes  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  establishes  the  year 
1763  as  the  date  of  the  following  play-bill  recently  pre- 
sented to  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

This  programme  gives  an  attractive  suggestion  of  an 
intimacy  which  doubtless  existed  between  the  brilliant 
first  Provost  of  the  University  and  the  most  brilliant 
actor  of  his  time.  We  can  fancy  them  listening  to  the 
"Sacred  Ode"  from  the  wings  of  Drury  Lane  stage,  or 
running  back  to  the  box-office  to  see  how  many  of  those 
half-guinea  tickets  had  been  sold.  It  would  be  in- 
teresting to  know  just  how  much  money  the  enter- 
prising Dr.  Smith  collected  through  the  help  of  David 
Garrick. 

The  appearance  of  "Mr.  Beard's"  name  in  the  play- 
bill gives  it  an  added  importance,  for  it  was  John  Beard 
for  whom  Handel  composed  some  of  his  greatest  tenor 
scores,  as  in  "Israel  in  Egypt,"  "The  Messiah"  and 
other  Oratorios.  Beard  was  noted  both  as  actor  and 
singer;  was  for  many  years  a  London  favorite,  and 


52  David  Gar  rick  and  "Old  Penn." 

after  the  death  of  his  father-in-law,  Eich,  the  famous 
manager  of  Covent  Garden  (in  1761),  undertook  the 
conduct  of  that  theatre.  It  will  be  seen,  therefore,  that 
Dr.  Smith  had  not  confined  his  attentions  to  the  actor- 
manager  of  Drury  Lane;  he  had  also  enlisted  the  in- 
terest and  service  of  the  manager  of  Covent  Garden. 

The  reference  in  the  Provost's  letter  to  the  "late 
Riots' '  at  Beard's  house  refers  to  the  manager's  resist- 
ance to  an  attempt  on  the  part  of  rioters  to  force  him 
to  grant  admission  at  half-price  at  the  end  of  the  third 
act  of  each  performance.  Much  property  in  the  theatre 
was  destroyed,  the  house  was  closed  for  a  week  or  more, 
and  Beard  finally  had  to  submit  to  the  dictation  of  his 
audiences.  At  the  benefit  at  Drury  Lane  for  the  Col- 
lege of  Philadelphia  and  New  York  he  must  have 
charmed  the  house,  for  he  had,  it  seems,  a  tenor  voice 
of  remarkable  tone  and  flexibility. 

It  is  pleasant  to  add  that  when  Provost  Smith  re- 
turned to  Philadelphia  he  was  received  by  the  trustees 
with  "the  highest  marks  of  satisfaction  and  respect." 
and  thanked  for  the  "great  zeal,  diligence,  ability  and 
address  which  he  had  shown  in  the  management  of  this 
collection."  At  a  later  meeting  of  the  Board  he  was 
given  a  still  stronger  evidence  of  consideration  in  the 
grant  of  one  hundred  pounds  a  year — an  annuity  which 
was  to  be  considered  "not  as  an  addition  to  the  salary 
of  Provost,  but  solely  as  a  reward  for  his  personal 
services  in  England." 


Hon.  Jacob  Rush,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Judiciary.    53 


HON.  JACOB  EUSH,  OF  THE  PENNSYLVANIA 
JUDICIARY. 

By  LOUIS  RICHARDS,  Esq.,  of  Reading,  Penna. 

The  name  of  Hush  was  long  prominent  in  Pennsyl- 
vania in  the  annals  of  medicine,  law  and  jurisprudence. 
Dr.  Benjamin  Rush,  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence, eminent  physician  and  philanthropist,  filled  a 
large  place  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  time.  His 
younger  brother,  Jacob  Rush,  of  whose  life  and  official 
services  it  is  proposed  to  speak,  was  one  of  the  shining 
lights  of  the  early  Pennsylvania  State  Judiciary.  Both 
were  strong  characters,  zealous  patriots  during  the 
stirring  period  in  which  they  lived,  tenacious  of  their 
convictions  and  of  the  high  standard  of  individual  duty 
which  they  set  for  others,  and  typified  in  themselves. 

Jacob  Rush  was  born  November  24, 1747,  in  Byberry 
township,  Philadelphia  County,  the  family  seat  of  his 
ancestors,  who  came  from  Oxfordshire,  England,  to 
America  in  1683.  John  Rush,  the  immigrant,  com- 
manded a  troop  of  horse  in  the  army  of  Oliver  Crom- 
well. Having  embraced  the  principles  of  the  Quakers, 
he  was  doubtless  attracted  hither  by  the  inducements 
held  out  by  Penn  to  the  people  of  that  faith  for  the 
founding  of  his  newly  acquired  colony.  He  left  numer- 
ous descendants,  among  whom,  in  the  third  generation, 
was  John  Rush,  who  married  Susan  Harvey,  daughter 
of  Joseph  Hall,  of  Tacony,  these  being  the  parents  of 
Dr.  Rush  and  his  brother  Jacob.  Losing^  their  father 
at  a  very  early  age,  their  bringing  up  devolved  upon 
the  mother,  who  remarried,  and,  though  of  slender 
means  and  left  with  five  children,  procured  for  her  two 
sons  the  benefits  of  a  liberal  education.  The  two  youths 
were  first  sent  to  the  school  taught  by  Francis  Alison, 


54    Hon.  Jacob  Rush,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Judiciary. 

at  New  London,  Chester  County,  an  institution  under 
the  care  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  They  next  attended 
an  academy  at  Nottingham,  Cecil  County,  Maryland, 
the  principal  of  which  was  the  Rev.  Dr.  Samuel  Finley, 
afterwards  President  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey, 
who  had  married  a  sister  of  their  mother. 

Jacob  Eush  graduated  from  the  College  of  New 
Jersey  in  1765,  in  his  eighteenth  year,  receiving  at  a 
later  period  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws,  and  chose 
the  legal  profession.  At  that  day  there  were  no  law 
schools,  and  students  usually  prepared  under  the  direc- 
tion of  some  experienced  practitioner.  It  is  not  known 
with  whom  he  was  thus  associated,  or  for  what  period, 
but  the  date  of  his  admission  to  the  Philadelphia  Bar  is 
recorded  as  February  7,  1769.  Going  abroad  for 
instruction,  it  appears  from  a  letter  written  by  him  at 
London,  to  his  brother  Benjamin,  in  January,  1771,  that 
he  was  then  about  entering  as  a  student  at  the  Middle 
Temple,  and  was  pursuing  his  law  studies  with  diligence 
and  ardor.  He  also  speaks  of  attending  the  sittings  of 
the  courts  at  Westminster. 

Whilst  Judge  Eush  began  his  law  practice  in  Phila- 
delphia, he  extended  it  into  other  counties.  The  rec- 
ords show  that  he  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  Berks 
May  10, 1769.  It  was  the  custom  of  the  lawyers  of  that 
period  to  follow  the  courts  upon  their  circuits,  whereso- 
ever they  might  be  held.  His  name  appears  as  proctor 
in  a  number  of  cases  in  the  Pennsylvania  Court  of 
Admiralty,  a  tribunal  established  in  1776  and  holding 
its  sessions  in  Philadelphia.  It  passed  out  of  existence 
upon  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  under  which  Admiralty  jurisdiction  was  vested 
exclusively  in  the  Federal  Government. 

Judge  Eush  was  a  warm  supporter  of  the  Eevolution- 
ary  cause,  and  to  some  extent  a  participator  in  the 
patriot  counsels.  In  a  letter  to  his  brother  in  October 
1778  he  says,  that  he  had  the  honor  of  serving  for  a 


Hon.  Jacob  Rush,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Judiciary.    55 

time  as  deputy  Secretary  of  Congress,  during  the  tem- 
porary indisposition  of  the  Secretary,  Charles  Thom- 
son. Upon  the  British  occupation  of  Philadelphia  he 
retired  to  his  farm,  but  resumed  his  practice  when 
General  Clinton  evacuated  the  city. 

He  was  contemporary  and  associated  with  a  group  of 
lawyers  and  judges  of  broad  legal  education  and  dis- 
tinguished abilities,  many  of  them  graduates  of  the 
English  Inns  of  Court.  At  the  head  of  the  Bar  imme- 
diately prior  to,  or  during  the  Eevolution,  were  such 
eminent  legal  lights  as  Jasper  Yeates,  Benjamin  Chew, 
James  Wilson,  Thomas  McKean,  John  Boss,  Edward 
Shippen,  Jonathan  Dickinson  Sergeant,  William  Tilgh- 
man,  Jared  Ingersoll,  William  Eawle,  John  Dickinson, 
Francis  Hopkinson  and  Joseph  Eead.  By  reason  of 
the  stirring  events  of  the  times  there  was  then  a  greater 
individuality  in  the  profession  than  at  any  former 
period.  The  educated  class  was  less  numerous,  and  the 
leadership  of  the  trained  practitioners  was  more  dis- 
tinctly felt.  It  was  an  epoch  which  produced  strong 
characters,  and  it  was  from  this  school  the  young  prac- 
titioner drew  his  inspiration. 

To  the  modern  lawyer  it  is  matter  of  wonder  how 
thorough  professional  training  could  be  attained  in  this 
country  amid  the  dearth  of  the  literature  of  the  law  at 
the  period  referred  to.  The  lawyers  of  the  day  acquired 
their  elementary  knowledge  from  Plowden,  the  Year 
Books,  Grotius,  Vattel  and  Coke.  At  the  close  of  the 
century,  as  it  is  said,  the  libraries  of  the  best  equipped 
members  of  the  Bar  contained,  in  addition  to  these, 
Comyn's  Digest,  Bacon's  Abridgment,  Hale  or  Haw- 
kins'  Pleas  of  the  Crown,  Blacks  tone's  Commentaries, 
Lilly's  Entries,  and  Saunders'  Reports,  with  some  brief 
works  on  Pleading  and  Practice.  All  of  these — with 
the  exception  of  Blackstone,  the  first  American  edition 
of  which  was  published  in  Philadelphia  in  1771 — were 
imported  from  England,  and  some  of  them  were  but 


56    Hon.  Jacob  Rush,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Judiciary. 

vaguely  adapted  to  the  situations  developed  in  the  new 
country.  It  had  not  yet  been  authoritatively  deter- 
mined how  many  British  statutes  remained  in  force  in 
Pennsylvania.  The  English  common  law  was  an 
equally  uncertain  field.  Some  thought,  indeed,  that  it 
had  been  wholly  abolished  by  the  Revolution,  together 
with  the  force  of  all  the  pre-existing  statute  law  of 
England.  Of  American  reports  there  was  an  entire 
destitution.  The  earliest  authorized  reports  of  the  de- 
cisions of  the  State  Courts,  as  is  well  known,  were  those 
of  Dallas,  the  first  volume  of  which  appeared  in  1790. 
The  first  digest  of  Pennsylvania  statutes  was  that  of 
Collinson  Bead,  issued  in  1800,  which  was  not  really  a 
digest  of  the  modern  type,  but  a  topical  collocation  of 
the  laws  arranged  in  chronological  order.  The  lawyer 's 
commonplace  book,  now  gone  out  of  fashion,  recorded 
his  briefs  and  such  excerpts  as  he  could  gather  from 
occasional  sources. 

B-ut  whilst  there  was  less  law  to  be  learned  there  was 
more  time  to  study  it.  Arguments  were  long,  and 
judicial  deliverances  correspondingly  prolix.  Order 
was  to  be  evolved  out  of  chaos,  and  new  rulings  were 
required  to  meet  new  conditions.  The  difficulties  which 
confronted  the  lawyers  were  reflected  in  the  problems 
which  perplexed  the  judges.  The  old  Bar  was  an  all 
day  Bar;  cases  were  fought  inch  by  inch,  and  argu- 
ments consumed  whole  days  upon  points  of  law  which 
would  now  be  settled  in  as  many  minutes.  In  the  con- 
struction of  statutes  the  courts  hewed  to  the  line,  and 
the  pathway  of  practice  bristled  with  technicalities. 

In  1782  Judge  Eush  was  elected  as  one  of  the  mem- 
bers of  Assembly  from  Philadelphia  County,  and  was 
re-elected  in  the  following  year.  This  office  he  resigned 
March  20,  1784,  upon  his  appointment  by  the  Supreme 
Executive  Council  to  the  Supreme  Bench,  in  the  room 
of  John  Evans,  deceased.  Thomas  McKean  was  Chief 
Justice,  and  George  Bryan  the  other  Associate.  The 


Hon.  Jacob  Rush,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Judiciary.    57 

term  was  seven  years.  The  salary  of  the  Chief  Justice 
was  £750  Pennsylvania  currency,  and  that  of  the  Asso- 
ciates £600,  with  an  allowance  of  four  dollars  per  diem 
for  traveling  expenses  while  on  the  circuit.  Official 
salaries  in  those  days  were  far  from  being  "  adequate ", 
but  the  State  was  obliged  from  force  of  circumstances 
to  be  severely  economical.  Before  the  Revolution  there 
was  no  statutory  requirement  that  the  judges  of  the 
courts  should  be  learned  in  the  law,  and  they  were  com- 
pensated in  part  by  official  fees.  In  1789  the  Justices 
of  the  Supreme  Court  petitioned  the  Assembly  relative 
to  the  depreciation  of  their  pay,  and  that  body  passed 
a  resolution  to  allow  a  special  issue  to  be  tried  in  the 
Common  Pleas  of  Philadelphia  to  determine  the  ques- 
tion whether  the  Commonwealth  was  bound  to  make 
up  to  them  the  depreciation,  and,  if  so,  the  amount 
thereof. 

By  virtue  of  his  office  of  Supreme  Court  Judge,  Judge 
Rush  was  a  member  of  the  High  Court  of  Errors  and 
Appeals,  created  in  1780  (abolished  1806),  its  compo- 
sition including  the  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  the 
presidents  of  the  several  districts  of  Common  Pleas  as 
then  existing,  and  three  other  members  specially  ap- 
pointed. It  heard  and  determined  appeals  from  the  in- 
ferior jurisdictions,  and  also  from  the  Supreme  Court 
itself,  whose  decisions  it  usually  affirmed  and  occasion- 
ally reversed.  In  addition  to  its  appellate  jurisdiction 
the  Supreme  Court  held  Courts  of  Nisi  Prius  (subse- 
quently changed  to  Circuit  Courts),  in  the  several 
counties,  for  which  service  they  were  allowed  their 
necessary  expenses,  in  addition  to  their  salaries.  A 
single  judge  was  deputed  to  hold  the  Court  of  Oyer  and 
Terminer  in  the  counties  for  the  trial  of  all  capital  and 
other  felonies  not  triable  by  the  justices  of  the  peace 
who  constituted  the  county  quorum,  and  whose  juris- 
diction was  limited  to  the  holding  of  the  Courts  of  Com- 
mon Pleas,  Quarter  Sessions  and  Crphans'  Court. 


58    Hon.  Jacob  Rush,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Judiciary. 

Eadical  changes  in  the  judiciary  system  of  the  State 
were  made  by  the  Constitution  of  1790,  by  which  the 
justices  of  the  peace  were  no  longer  judges  of  the 
courts.  By  the  Act  of  April  13,  1791,  the  State  was 
divided  into  five  circuits  or  judicial  districts,  in  each  of 
which  a  President  Judge  ' '  of  knowledge  and  integrity, 
skilled  in  the  laws,"  was  directed  to  be  commissioned 
by  the  Governor,  together  with  not  less  than  three  nor 
more  than  four  Associate  Judges  in  each  county,  all 
of  whom  collectively  were  authorized  to  hold  the  Courts 
of  Common  Pleas,  Oyer  and  Terminer,  Quarter  Ses- 
sions and  Orphans'  Courts,  as  then  constituted.  The 
tenure  was  for  life  or  good  behavior.  In  1806  the  num- 
ber of  associates  in  each  county  was  reduced  to  two. 
The  terms  of  the  appointees  were  to  begin  on  the  en- 
suing first  of  September,  and  by  another  Act  of  the 
same  date  the  salaries  of  the  President  Judges  were 
fixed  at  £500  per  annum,  the  Judge  of  the  Philadelphia 
Circuit  to  receive  £600.  This  was  the  foundation  of  the 
present  system  of  county  law  courts,  all  the  judges  of 
which  are  now  elective. 

The  several  circuits  were  defined  as  follows:  the 
first  consisting  of  the  City  and  County  of  Phila- 
delphia and  the  counties  of  Bucks,  Montgomery  and 
Delaware ;  the  Second  of  the  counties  of  Chester,  Lan- 
caster, York  and  Dauphin ;  the  Third  of  the  counties  of 
Berks,  Northampton,  Luzerne  and  Northumberland; 
the  Fourth  of  the  counties  of  Cumberland,  Franklin, 
Bedford,  Huntingdon  and  Mifflin;  and  the  Fifth  of  the 
counties  of  Westmoreland,  Fayette,  Washington  and 
Allegheny. 

The  appointees  to  the  presidency  of  these  several  cir- 
cuits, named  by  Governor  Mifflin,  were  men  of  mature 
age,  high  character  and  eminent  abilities,  the  majority 
of  whom  had  already  held  judicial  stations. 

Judge  Bush  was  commissioned  President  of  the  Third 
Circuit  August  17,  1791,  and  selecting  Beading  as  his 


Hon.  Jacob  Rush,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Judiciary.    59 

residence,  continued  to  live  there  during  his  term  of 
service.  Periodical  journeys  to  Easton,  Sunbury  and 
Wilkes-Barre  were  necessitated  in  the  discharge  of  his 
official  duties.  These  were  performed  usually  on  horse- 
back, over  roads  at  all  times  difficult  and  dangerous,  and 
occasionally,  in  the  inclement  seasons,  almost  impass- 
able. Upon  these  official  pilgrimages  his  retinue  usually 
included  a  number  of  itinerant  practitioners  who  at- 
tended the  sessions  of  the  several  courts  of  the  circuit. 
The  judges  were  personages  of  great  importance  in  the 
eyes  of  the  yeomanry,  and  their  sittings  were  regarded 
as  notable  public  events.  The  custom  of  meeting  the 
President  Judges  by  the  Sheriffs  and  constabulary, 
upon  their  approach  to  the  county  seats,  was  at  that  day 
very  general,  though  it  varied  in  features  in  the  differ- 
ent jurisdictions.  In  most  instances  the  object  seems 
to  have  been  to  safeguard  their  Honors  rather  than  to 
afford  a  mere  official  pageant. 

The  attitude  of  the  Bench  was  at  that  day  un- 
doubtedly more  autocratic  than  after  the  period  of  the 
elective  judiciary.  Judge  Bush  was  certainly  not  an 
autocrat  in  the  capricious  and  offensive  sense,  but  he 
entertained  a  high  sense  of  the  dignity  of  his  office.  By 
an  early  paragrapher  he  was  characterized  as  t '  a  rough 
diamond,  unseemly  in  exterior  but  of  great  value, "  ad- 
ding that  "his  manner  was  plain,  perhaps  slightly  un- 
amiable,  and  his  temper  was  impatient  of  contradiction 
and  subtlety  when  in  the  exercise  of  his  official  func- 
tions. Yet  he  was  a  wise  judge  and  a  good  man." 

Of  Judge  Bush's  methods  of  administration  we  have 
but  scant  traditions.  His  contemporaries  have  handed 
down  to  us  but  little  concerning  those  personal  details 
which  we  would  most  like  to  know.  Of  those  who  wrote 
concerning  him,  the  late  David  Paul  Brown  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Bar,  who  as  a  very  young  man  remembered  the 
Judge  personally,  has  paid  him  an  elaborate  tribute, 
which  is  found  in  his  "Forum,"  published  in  1856.  In 


60    Hon.  Jacob  Rusk,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Judiciary. 

it  he  says,  in  part:  " Judge  Bush  was  a  man  of  great 
ability  and  great  firmness  and  decision  of  character. 

*  *     There  are  few  specimens  of  judicial  eloquence 
more  impressive  than  those  which  he  delivered  during 
his  occupation  of  the  B-ench.     *     *     Some  of  his  early 
literary  essays  were  ascribed  to  Dr.  Franklin,  and  for 
their  terseness  and  clearness  were  worthy  of  him. 

*  *    His  charges  to  the  jury  generally,  and  his  legal 
decisions,  were  marked  by  soundness  of  principle  and 
closeness  of  reason.  His  uprightness  of  conduct 
and  unquestionable  abilities  always  secured  to  him  the 
respect  and  confidence,  if  not  the  attachment  of  his 
associates,  the  members  of  the  Bar  and  the  entire  com- 
munity.   *     *    He  was  one  of  the  gentlemen  of  the 
old  school,  plain  in  his  attire,  unobtrusive  in  his  deport- 
ment, and  while  observant  of  his  duties  towards  others 
was  never  forgetful  of  the  respect  to  which  he  himself 
was  justly  entitled."     It  was  not  uncommon  in  the 
period  to  which  we  are  referring  for  the  learned  presi- 
dent judges  to  come  into  antagonism  with  their  lay 
associates,  especially  where  the  latter  were  of  the  oppo- 
site political  faith.    The  associates,  though  not  required 
to  be  learned  in  the  law,  and  expected  to  occupy  sub- 
ordinate relations  as  to  the  decision  of  purely  legal 
questions,  were  nevertheless  constitutionally  clothed 
with  equal  authority  with  the  presidents  in  their  re- 
spective counties,  which  at  times  they  had  the  disposi- 
tion to  assert.    In  a  case  arising  in  the  Orphans'  Court 
of  Berks  County  in  1804,  involving  an  application  to  set 
aside  an  inquisition  upon  the  real  estate  of  a  decedent, 
on  the  ground  of  a  gross  underestimate  of  the  contents, 
Judge  Bush  ruled  against  the  motion,  but  the  associate 
judges,  Morris  and  Diemer,  expressed  themselves  in 
favor  of  it,  and  ordered  that  the  inquisition  be  quashed 
and  a  new  one  made.    The  losing  counsel  announced 
their  intention  to  appeal  to  the  Circuit  Court.    There- 
upon the  president  is  reported  to  have  replied:  "Yes, 


Hon.  Jacob  Rush,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Judiciary.    61 

do  appeal.  It  is  a  monstrous  and  abominable  decision, 
subversive  of  all  justice,  and  calculated  to  throw  every- 
thing into  confusion.  Every  inquisition  will  be  set 
aside  now.  Pandora's  box  will  be  opened  by  such  pro- 
ceedings. You  better  not  appeal  to  the  Circuit  Court; 
appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court.  You  will  have  a  full 
Bench  there.  I  remember  a  case  which  I  determined 
which  was  reversed  by  two  judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  and  not  two  men  who  had  their  heads  on  ever  de- 
cided more  absurdly. "  Much  to  the  Judge's  mortifica- 
tion, no  doubt,  on  the  appeal  being  taken  to  the  Circuit 
Court,  the  decision  of  the  associate  judges  was  affirmed. 
Pending  the  disposition  of  the  case,  on  another  occa- 
sion, he  openly  and  sharply  criticised  the  Associates 
for  not  appearing  promptly  upon  the  Bench  at  the  hour 
fixed  for  opening  court.  In  the  next  year  the  Associates 
preferred  charges  against  him  to  the  Legislature,  with 
the  view  of  his  impeachment,  but  the  Committee  on 
Grievances  reported  the  charges  to  be  unfounded.  The 
Judge  brought  a  counter  complaint  against  the  Asso- 
ciates, which  was  similarly  disposed  of,  and  also  in- 
stituted a  prosecution  against  the  printer  of  a  local 
newspaper  for  libel  in  making  comments  upon  his  ad- 
ministration alleged  to  be  derogatory  to  his  official 
character. 

In  criminal  cases,  especially,  Judge  Rush  was  expe- 
ditious in  his  methods,  and  no  time  was  wasted  in  his 
court  upon  technicalities.  In  the  notable  case  of 
Richard  Smith,  tried  before  him  in  Philadelphia  in 
1816,  for  the  murder  of  Captain  John  Carson,  when 
the  prisoner  was  brought  up  for  sentence,  his  counsel 
filed  an  unusually  long  list  of  objections,  one  of  which 
alleged  that  the  president  had  formed  his  opinion  and 
written  his  charge  before  he  had  heard  the  prisoner's 
defence.  The  Judge  disposed  of  them  thus:  "The 
Court  thinks  this  is  not  a  proper  time  to  refute  several 
things  alleged  in  that  paper.  It  is  sufficient  to  say  they 


62    Hon.  Jacob  Rush,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Judiciary. 

are  not  only  false,  but  utterly  without  foundation, ' '  and 
thereupon  he  immediately  proceeded  to  pass  the  sen- 
tence of  death. 

It  was  Judge  Bush's  lot  to  preside  over  the  courts  of 
the  district  in  times  of  high  political  excitement.  Dur- 
ing the  administration  of  Washington  the  French 
Revolution  broke  out.  As  our  former  ally  against  Eng- 
land in  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  a  strong  feeling  of 
sympathy  was  evinced  in  this  country  with  France,  and 
secret  political  societies  were  formed  similar  to  the 
Jacobin  Clubs,  in  the  French  interest.  Liberty  poles 
were  erected  in  token  of  this  sentiment.  Red,  white  and 
blue  cockades  were  worn  by  the  French  sympathizers, 
black  cockades  being  displayed  by  the  Federalists. 
The  Alien  and  Sedition  laws  passed  during  the  Adams 
administration  to  counteract  the  schemes  of  the  foreign 
partisans  served  only  to  increase  the  public  excitement, 
which  culminated  in  a  political  revolution,  resulting  in 
the  election  in  1799  of  Thomas  McKean  to  the  Gov- 
ernorship of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  the  following  year 
to  the  election  of  Mr.  Jefferson  to  the  Presidency. 

Judge  Rush  was  a  Federalist  of  the  straightest  sect. 
To  him  federalism  and  patriotism  seemed  synonymous. 
The  other  judicial  appointees  of  Governor  Mifflin  were 
of  the  same  political  faith.  He  presided  at  a  meeting  of 
Federalists  at  Reading  in  1788  to  celebrate  the  anni- 
sary  of  John  Adams '  birth,  at  which  toasts  were  drunk 
and  cannon  fired.  In  1798  he  was  chairman  of  a  Fed- 
eralist meeting  which  adopted  resolutions  condemning 
foreign  influence,  and  pledging  support  to  the  Adminis- 
tration. 

In  August  1798,  after  diplomatic  relations  with 
France  had  been  severed,  he  delivered  a  lengthy  address 
to  the  Grand  Jury  of  Berks  County,  congratulating 
them  upon  the  dissolution  of  the  political  ties  which  had 
bound  us  to  the  French  nation.  < '  Thank  God, ' '  said  he, 
' '  the  Gordian  knot  is  at  last  cut,  and  we  are  separated 


Hon.  Jacob  Rush,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Judiciary.    63 

I  trust  forever.  Upon  the  seventeenth  day  of  July 
Congress  by  law  solemnly  disannuled  our  treaties  with 
that  country,  and  declared  them  to  be  no  longer  binding 
upon  the  United  States.  *  *  Let  the  voice  of  joy 
and  gratitude  be  heard  throughout  our  land.  The  dis- 
solution of  our  ties  is  a  declaration  I  trust  of  our  inde- 
pendence of  France,  and  perpetual  exemption  from  the 
baneful  effects  of  her  morals,  her  religion  and  her 
politics." 

The  entire  address  was  a  remarkable  utterance,  par- 
taking of  the  character  both  of  an  elaborate  state  paper 
and  an  impassioned  political  arraignment.  Whilst  it 
doubtless  suited  the  Federalists,  it  must  have  given 
offence  to  the  opposition.  It  was  published  at  the  re- 
quest of  the  grand  jury  and  widely  circulated  through 
the  medium  of  the  Federalist  newspapers  of  the  day. 

In  1794,  during  the  disturbances  in  Western  Pennsyl- 
vania known  as  the  "Whiskey  Insurrection, "  Judge 
Eush  took  occasion  in  his  charges  to  condemn  the  course 
of  those  concerned  in  the  outbreaks  in  opposition  to  the 
excise  tax.  In  the  height  of  the  John  Fries  insurrection 
against  the  house  tax,  in  April  1799,  he  delivered  a 
charge  to  the  grand  jury  of  Northampton  County,  the 
scene  of  the  disturbances,  firmly  enjoining  obedience  to 
the  law  which  was  the  subject  of  the  revolt.  The  Alien 
and  Sedition  laws  passed  during  the  John  Adams  ad- 
ministration also  came  in  for  a  vindication  at  his  hands. 
All  these  subjects,  it  will  be  observed,  concerned  the 
laws  of  the  Federal  Government,  and  were  therefore  ex- 
clusively within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Federal  Courts. 
Had  he  presided  in  the  western  section  of  the  State, 
Judge  Rush  might  not  have  escaped  impeachment  pro- 
ceedings such  as  those  of  which  Judge  Addison  was  the 
victim,  for  the  opinions  and  utterances  of  the  two  distin- 
guished jurists  upon  public  subjects  were  closely  identi- 
cal. Impeachments  were  the  order  of  the  day  at  that 
period.  Judges  were  proceeded  against,  not  for  "high 


64    Hon.  Jacob  Rush,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Judiciary. 

crimes  and  misdemeanors, "  but  for  alleged  arbitrary 
methods  of  administration.  The  popular  jealousy  of 
the  life  tenure  of  their  appointment  undoubtedly  had 
much  to  do  with  the  opposition  to  the  judiciary  as  a 
class,  independently  of  partisan  considerations. 

The  contemporaneous  local  newspapers  of  the  day, 
upon  which  sources  I  have  largely  drawn  in  illustration 
of  the  judicial  career  of  Judge  Eush,  furnish  a  number 
of  incidents  concerning  his  methods  of  administration 
during  this  stormy  political  period. 

Upon  the  return,  in  April,  1799,  of  the  military  sent 
to  quell  the  insurrection  in  Northampton  County  by 
John  Fries  and  his  associates,  a  troop  of  horse  com- 
manded by  Captain  Montgomery,  of  Lancaster,  passing 
through  Reading,  seized  the  publisher  of  a  local  German 
newspaper  for  some  reflections  upon  their  exploits  in 
cutting  down  liberty  poles  and  took  him  before  the 
captain,  who  ordered  him  to  be  publicly  whipped  in  the 
market  place,  which  was  done,  though  the  punishment 
was  but  lightly  administered.  For  this,  three  of  the 
troopers  were  prosecuted,  pleaded  guilty  in  Judge 
Rush's  Court  and  were  fined  ten  dollars  each.  The 
lightness  of  the  sentence  occasioned  as  much  of  a  sensa- 
tion among  the  anti-Federalists  as  the  offence  itself, 
and  the  Court  was  sharply  criticised  for  its  action, 
which  was  ascribed  to  partisan  sympathy  with  the 
offenders.  Judge  Rush  subsequently  in  a  private  letter 
said  he  was  disposed  to  make  the  sentence  much  higher, 
but  was  overruled  by  his  associates — a  circumstance 
of  which  as  a  matter  of  course  he  could  make  no  public 
explanation. 

An  apprentice  boy  pulled  a  Federalist  cockade  from 
the  hat  of  another  lad,  who  retaliated  by  hitting  him 
with  a  stone.  Prosecutions  followed;  the  apprentice 
pleaded  guilty  and  the  stone  thrower  was  convicted. 
The  judge  expatiated  upon  the  enormity  of  the  crime 
of  pulling  a  cockade  off  the  hat  of  another,  and  lectured 


Hon.  Jacob  Rusk,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Judiciary.    65 

the  youth  severely.  The  stone  thrower  was  fined  one 
cent,  and  the  apprentice  eight  dollars.  A  man  who  had 
made  use  of  hostile  expressions  against  the  Federal 
officers  was  arrested  and  taken  to  prison  and  the  next 
day  brought  before  the  Court,  who,  after  hearing  the 
evidence,  bound  him  in  the  sum  of  five  hundred  pounds 
for  his  appearance  at  the  next  term  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  to  answer  for  violation  of  the  Sedition 
Act. 

Such  was  the  heat  of  party  feeling  at  this  time  that 
Albert  Gallatin,  then  a  member  of  Congress,  and  subse- 
quently President  Jefferson's  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury, was  the  object  of  a  peculiar  demonstration  while 
stopping  over  night  at  a  tavern  in  Beading  upon  his 
journey  in  his  private  conveyance  to  his  home  in  West- 
ern Pennsylvania.  The  Reading  Weekly  Advertiser,  of 
September  15, 1798,  a  strong  Federalist  sheet,  gives  the 
following  unique  account  of  the  occurrence: 

On  Wednesday  September  5th  1798,  about  6  o'clock  in  the  Evening, 
arrived  in  this  town  Albert  Gallatin,  Esq,  a  Member  of  Congress  from 
the  Western  Counties  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  with  his  Lady  &e, 
on  his  journey  from  New  York,  &c,  for  his  home,  and  lodged  at  the 
Federal  Inn,  the  sign  of  President  Washington,  which  is  kept  by  Mr. 
Jacob  Baer.  About,  or  rather  before  8  o'clock,  all  at  once,  all  the 
Bells  of  this  Place  (of  the  two  Churches  and  Court-house)  began  ring- 
ing— Numbers  of  People  were  alarmed,  supposing  it  indicated  Fire;  but 
as  no  Fire  was  to  be  seen,  the  People  collected  about  the  Court-house 
and  before  the  Federal  Inn,  to  inform  themselves  of  the  Cause  of  this 
Disturbance,  when  also  the  Cannon  (a  little  Swivel)  was  fired — the 
People  were  informed  that  this  was  done  by  some  of  Mr.  Gallatin's 
Friends,  as  a  Token  of  their  Friendship  for  him.  Soon  after  a  Number 
of  the  Enemies  of  Gallatin  collected,  and  among  them  a  Number  of  the 
Reading  Volunteer  Blues,  with  a  Drum  and  Fife,  playing  the  Rogues 
March,  and  marching  before  the  Federal  Inn.  And  as  some  of  Gallatin's 
Enemies  expressed  threats  of  personal  Abuse  against  him,  Mr.  Baer, 
the  Innkeeper,  (a  very  Stout  and  resolute  Man)  posted  himself  on  the 
inner  Stairs,  to  guard  his  guest.  Soon  after  the  Swivel  was  silenced; 
and  as  it  was  agreed  on  to  silence  the  Bells  likewise,  a  number  went 
to  the  Churches,  finding  the  Ringers  had  locked  themselves  in  to  pre- 
vent coming  to  them,  calling  and  threatening  them  that,  unless  they 
would  cease  ringing  all  the  Windows  would  be  broke,  and  they  Stormed, 
put  an  immediate  stop  to  the  Ringing — after  having  lasted  for  near  half 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 5 


66    Hon.  Jacob  Rush,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Judiciary. 

an  Hour,  in  which  time  the  Swivel  was  four  or  five  times  discharged. 
The  Evening  was  spent  with  very  much  virulent  Talk  and  Exclamations, 
yet  without  any  Blows.  The  next  morning  before  Mr.  Gallatin  sat  out 
on  his  Journey,  a  number  of  the  Reading  Blues  collected  at  the  Court- 
house, marched  regularly  up  and  down  past  the  Federal  Inn,  playing 
the  Rogues  March,  and  before  and  while  he  helped  his  Lady  in  the 
Carriage,  they  burned  his  effigy  within  a  few  yards  off  the  Carriage, 
one  exclaiming  "Stop  de  Wheels  of  de  Government,"  and  others  "Let 
them  go  on"  The  Carriage  drove  off  without  Mr.  Gallatin  in,  for  as  he 
travelled  on  horseback  he  preferred  mounting  back  at  the  Stable,  and 
taking  the  Alley  to  get  out  of  Town  to  join  his  Carriage  at  the  lower 
end  of  it,  and  by  this  means  to  avoid  being  escorted  by  the  Reading 
Blues.  A  Number  of  People  from  the  Vicinity  of  this  place,  coming  to 
town,  complained  very  much  at  the  Alarm  and  Fright  they  had  received 
last  night,  supposing  Fire  in  Town;  as  some  of  them  on  foot  and  on 
horseback  had  been  on  the  Road  to  assist,  until  they  were  better 
informed." 

Next  in  importance  to  his  faith  in  Federalism,  Judge 
Bush  believed  in  the  maintenance  of  social  order  by  the 
literal  and  rigid  enforcement  of  the  Act  of  1794,  against 
vice  and  immorality — contemptuously  referred  to  as 
the  Blue  Law — passed  during  his  administration.  It 
prescribed  summary  conviction  for  various  offences, 
among  them  Sabbath  breaking,  profane  swearing,  in- 
toxication, cock-fighting,  games  of  hazard,  unlawful 
sales  of  liquor,  harboring  minors,  challenges  to  fight, 
etc.  The  Judges  of  the  Supreme  and  Common  Pleas 
Courts  and  justices  of  the  peace  were  required  to  pro- 
ceed against  offenders,  who  were  to  be  punished  by  fine 
and  imprisonment.  Each  one  of  the  misdemeanors 
enumerated  was  made  the  subject  of  a  charge  to  the 
grand  jury  by  Judge  Eush,  and  every  crime  in  the  Deca- 
logue was  likewise  defined  and  expatiated  upon  at 
length.  These  charges  collectively  form  a  series  of 
remarkable  homilies,  in  which  the  law  and  the  gospel 
are  set  forth  as  of  equal  civic  obligation.  To  carry  out 
the  mandates  of  the  Act  of  1794,  the  Judge  gave  in- 
structions to  the  magistrates  and  constables  in  the  dif- 
ferent counties  of  his  district  to  be  vigilant  in  appre- 
hending offenders.  He  also  addressed  a  circular  letter 


Hon.  Jacob  Rush,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Judiciary.    67 

to  the  clergy  of  Beading,  asking  them  to  aid  him  in 
checking  the  irregularities  of  the  youth  of  the  town 
which  had  fallen  under  his  observation.  Under  his 
instructions  little  boys  were  arrested  by  the  constables 
and  imprisoned  for  several  days  for  ball  playing  in  the 
public  streets  on  Sundays.  He  was  without  doubt  a 
terror  to  evildoers,  big  or  little.  By  many  he  was  re- 
garded as  a  moral  censor  of  the  severest  school.  Per- 
haps it  is  charitable  to  conclude  that  in  his  methods 
of  social  reform  his  zeal  outran  his  discretion. 

Of  his  perfect  sincerity  of  belief  and  purpose  there 
cannot  be  the  slightest  doubt.  In  his  view  its  was 
sufficient  to  point  to  the  provisions  of  the  law,  whether 
human  or  divine,  to  justify  its  wisdom  and  enforce  its 
obligation.  Ita  lex  scripta  est  was  his  maxim,  and 
reverence  for  authority  his  controlling  principle.  A 
volume  of  his  charges  on  moral  subjects  was  published 
in  1803,  at  the  request  of  the  leading  Presbyterian 
clergy  of  Philadelphia.  With  the  collection  is  incor- 
porated the  text  of  the  Act  of  1794,  the  letter  to  the 
clergy  of  Beading,  and  his  Bemarks  to  a  condemned 
murderer  in  passing  the  sentence  of  death  upon  him 
in  1797.  The  latter  is  a  pious  appeal,  in  the  fashion  of 
the  times,  to  the  criminal  for  repentance  and  prepara- 
tion for  his  approaching  doom,  worthy  of  the  zeal  of  a 
spiritual  confessor. 

Of  several  of  the  Judge's  charges,  both  published  and 
unpublished,  I  have  the  original  manuscripts,  upon 
which  are  noted  the  dates  upon  which  they  were  de- 
livered in  the  different  counties  of  his  district.  Apart 
from  their  moral  exhortations  they  contain  the  usual 
instructions  to  the  jury  as  to  the  performance  of  their 
duties  in  general,  as  well  as  with  reference  to  matters 
of  local  concern,  and  conclude  invariably  with  a  repeti- 
tion of  the  phraseology  of  the  grand  jurors'  oath.  In 
loftiness  of  conception  and  stateliness  of  diction  they 
suggest  a  close  resemblance  to  the  grandiloquent  lee- 


68    Hon.  Jacob  Rush,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Judiciary. 

tures  on  law  by  James  Wilson,  with  which  they  were, 
in  part  at  least,  contemporaneous.  It  is  needless  to 
add  that  the  common  practice  in  the  earlier  days  of 
making  the  charge  the  vehicle  for  all  sorts  of  topics 
and  opinions,  whether  relative  to  the  administration  of 
justice  or  not,  has  passed  entirely  out  of  fashion.  The 
judges  of  our  time  wisely  and  safely  confine  themselves 
in  their  charges  to  grand  juries  to  instructions  strictly 
germane  to  their  official  duties. 

In  1806  an  act  was  passed  reorganizing  the  judicial 
circuits,  by  which  the  City  and  County  of  Philadelphia 
was  made  a  separate  district.  In  March  of  that  year 
Judge  Rush  was  commissioned  its  president,  in  the 
place  of  William  Tilghman,  who  was  appointed  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court.  In  1811  the  District 
Court  of  Philadelphia  was  established,  with  jurisdiction 
in  all  cases  where  the  sum  in  controversy  exceeded  one 
hundred  dollars.  It  absorbed  the  most  important  legal 
business  of  the  County,  and  correspondingly  lightened 
the  labors  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  Judge  Rush 
served  upon  the  Bench  of  the  latter  until  his  death  on 
January  5,  1820,  occasioned  by  an  apoplectic  seizure, 
in  the  seventy- third  year  of  his  age,  having  completed 
nearly  thirty-six  years  of  continuous  judicial  service. 
He  left  surviving  him  four  daughters,  but  no  male  de- 
scendant, his  wife,  Mary  Rench,  to  whom  he  was  mar- 
ried in  1777,  preceding  him  in  death  August  31,  1806. 
The  Bars  of  the  several  counties  in  which  he  had  pre- 
sided paid  suitable  tributes  of  respect  to  his  personal 
character  and  official  worth,  and  his  memory  is  perpetu- 
ated in  some  of  these  localities  in  the  designation  of 
townships  named  in  his  honor. 


Delaware  Memorial  at  Valley  Forge.  69 


DELAWARE  MEMORIAL  AT  VALLEY  FORGE. 

An  attractive  memorial  marker,  cut  from  Brandy- 
wine  granite,  and  erected  by  the  State  of  Delaware  to 
commemorate  the  services  of  her  gallant  soldiers  of  the 
Revolution,  was  unveiled  at  Valley  Forge  Park  on 
October  31,  1914,  in  the  presence  of  a  large  and  dis- 
tinguished assemblage  of  Delawareans  and  others.  It 
is  located  on  the  River  Road,  on  the  high  ground  over- 
looking the  Schuylkill  Valley,  and  within  easy  walking 
distance  of  Washington's  Headquarters.  The  inscrip- 
tion, cut  in  the  granite  in  bold  relief,  reads :  *  *  The  State 
of  Delaware  |  erects  this  marker  in  memory  |  of  her 
gallant  sons  who  endured  |  the  hardships  and  privations 
|  of  the  memorable  winter  |  of  1777-1778  on  the  hills  | 
of  Valley  Forge "  |.  The  act  of  unveiling  was  performed 
by  Miss  Helen  Marian  Scott,  a  lineal  descendant  of 
Surgeon  Joshua  Clayton,  the  last  President  of  Dela- 
ware under  the  constitution  of  1776,  subsequently  Gov- 
ernor for  another  term,  and  United  States  Senator. 
The  commission  appointed  to  erect  the  memorial  in- 
cludes Governor  Charles  R.  Miller,  ex  officio,  Hon. 
Henry  C.  Conrad,  John  P.  Hyatt,  ex-Lieut.-Gov.  John 
M.  Mendenhall,  Hon.  John  A.  Barnard  and  Col.  George 
A.  Elliott. 

Governor  Charles  R.  Miller  presided,  who,  after 
Right  Reverend  Frederick  J.  Kinsman,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
Bishop  of  Delaware,  had  offered  prayer,  said:  "We 
have  assembled  here,  my  friends,  to  dedicate  this  me- 
morial marker,  which  has  been  erected  by  the  State  of 
Delaware  as  a  tribute  to  her  citizen  soldiery  who  offered 
their  lives  to  their  country  that  the  future  generations 
of  this  nation  might  enjoy  the  blessings  of  liberty. 
Looking  about  us  here  to-day  and  observing  on  every 


70  Delaware  Memorial  at  Valley  Forge. 

hand  abundant  evidences  of  peace  and  plenty,  it  is  diffi- 
cult for  us  to  realize  the  terrible  hardships  our  fore- 
fathers here  suffered.  As  long  as  history  shall  con- 
tinue to  record  the  deeds  of  men,  the  name  of  Valley 
Forge  will  recall  to  memory  the  noble  and  patriotic 
spirit  which  was  exhibited  by  the  soldiers  of  the  Con- 
tinental Army,  as  they  bore  patiently  and  with  forti- 
tude throughout  that  long  and  dreadful  winter,  the 
sufferings  which  they  endured  amidst  these  hills." 

The  Hon.  Henry  C.  Conrad,  Associate  Justice  of  the 
Delaware  Supreme  Court,  and  Chairman  of  the  Com- 
mission, next  formally  presented  to  the  Valley  Forge 
Park  Commission  the  marker  in  the  following  address : 

Mr.  Chairman,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen : 

The  little  company  gathered  here  today  testifies  by 
its  presence  that  love  of  country  has  a  secure  abiding 
place  in  the  hearts  of  the  people  of  Delaware,  and  that 
the  fires  of  patriotism  kindled  by  Revolutionary  sires 
have  not  been  allowed  to  smoulder  or  go  out,  but  re- 
main bright,  steady  and  enduring. 

When  the  contest  arose  between  Great  Britain  and 
her  little  thirteen  American  colonies,  scattered  along 
the  Atlantic  seaboard,  no  voice  sounded  with  clearer 
note  against  the  oppression  of  the  home  government 
than  that  of  Ceasar  Rodney,  and  the  cause  of  America 
had  no  truer  or  more  earnest  champions  than  Dickin- 
son, McKean  and  Read.  In  the  deliberations  of  the 
Continental  Congress  the  voice  of  Delaware  was  as 
potent  as  that  of  Pennsylvania,  Virginia  or  Massa- 
chusetts ;  and  in  those  days  the  men  who  stood  for  "the 
three  lower  counties  on  Delaware "  were  of  like  calibre 
with  Adams,  Franklin  and  Patrick  Henry. 

In  1775  the  population  of  Delaware  was  37,219;  of 
these  2000  were  slaves,  leaving  a  white  population  of 
35,219.  It  is  reasonable  to  assume  that  one-half  of 
these  were  males  and  one-fifth  of  the  male  population 


Delaware  Memorial  at  Valley  Forge.  71 

is  reckoned  as  being  between  the  ages  of  eighteen  and 
forty-five,  and  thereby  liable  for  military  service.  On 
that  basis,  about  3500  men  were  competent  for  the  army 
in  Delaware  at  that  time,  but  Judge  Whitely  calculates 
that  Delaware  furnished  4728  men  to  the  Revolutionary 
cause,  being  over  one-fourth  of  her  entire  male  popula- 
tion. 

Eamsey,  the  historian,  pays  the  following  handsome 
tribute  to  the  service  of  the  Delaware  Regiment  in  the 
Revolution:  "The  Delaware  Regiment  was  reckoned 
the  most  efficient  in  the  Continental  Army.  It  went 
into  active  service  soon  after  the  commencement  of  the 
contest  with  Great  Britain  and  served  through  the 
whole  of  it. 

'  '  Courting  danger  wherever  it  was  to  be  encountered, 
frequently  forming  part  of  a  victorious  army,  but 
oftener  the  companions  of  their  countrymen  in  the 
gloom  of  disaster,  the  Delawares  fought  at  Brooklyn, 
at  Trenton  and  at  Princeton,  at  Brandywine  and  at 
Germantown,  at  Guilf ord  and  at  Eutaw,  until  at  length, 
reduced  to  a  handful  of  brave  men,  they  concluded  their 
services  with  the  war  in  the  glorious  termination  of  the 
Southern  Campaign/' 

The  Delaware  Revolutionary  line  represented  the 
flower  of  the  State. 

John  Haslet,  the  Colonel  of  the  First  Regiment,  fell 
while  gallantly  leading  his  troops  at  Princeton.  Edu- 
cated for  the  Presbyterian  ministry,  he  afterwards 
became  a  medical  practitioner  and  was  a  leading  citizen 
of  Dover  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war. 

Gunning  Bedford,  the  Lieutenant  Colonel,  was  a  lead- 
ing member  of  the  New  Castle  bar  and  a  brother-in-law 
of  George  Read,  the  signer  of  the  Declaration.  Bedford 
afterwards  was  elected  Governor  of  Delaware. 

Major  Thomas  MacDonough  of  the  same  regiment 
was  also  a  medical  doctor  with  a  large  practice.  He 
had  served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the  General 


72  Delaware  Memorial  at  Valley  Forge. 

Assembly  and  for  seven  years  as  a  Judge  of  the  Dela- 
ware Courts.  He  was  the  father  of  Commodore  Thomas 
MacDonough,  who  served  with  such  bravery  and  effi- 
ciency in  the  War  of  1812. 

Doctor  James  Tilton,  the  Surgeon  of  the  regiment, 
was  one  of  the  great  doctors  of  his  day.  An  early 
graduate  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  he  not 
only  figured  conspicuously  in  his  chosen  profession  but 
was  a  man  of  fine  literary  ability  and  in  the  War  of 
1812  was  made  Surgeon  General  of  the  United  States 
Army. 

The  First  Regiment  under  command  of  Col.  John 
Haslet  was  short  lived.  At  the  Battle  of  Trenton  where 
many  were  disabled,  the  Eegiment  had  been  reduced 
from  eight  hundred  to  one  hundred  and  twenty-four, 
and,  being  so  depleted  in  numbers,  it  was  soon  after- 
ward disbanded. 

In  the  summer  of  1776  a  battalion  of  Delaware  troops 
was  formed,  largely  for  home  protection,  under  the 
command  of  Col.  Samuel  Patterson,  a  prosperous  miller 
and  important  man  of  affairs,  who  lived  near  Christiana 
Bridge.  This  battalion  served  but  a  few  months. 

Later,  a  second  Delaware  Eegiment  was  enlisted  and 
placed  under  the  command  of  Col.  David  Hall,  a  lead- 
ing member  of  the  Sussex  County  bar  and  a  resident 
of  Lewes.  He  also  had  served  as  one  of  the  Judges  in 
the  Delaware  Courts.  Colonel  Hall  served  less  than  a 
year,  being  seriously  wounded  at  Germantown,  and 
shortly  afterwards  retiring  from  the  service.  His  high 
standing  in  the  community  was  evidenced  afterwards  by 
his  appointment  to  the  bench  and  by  his  election  as  Gov- 
ernor of  the  State.  The  command  of  the  Eegiment 
afterwards  fell  upon  Charles  Pope,  a  business  man 
from  Smyrna,  who  entered  the  service  as  Lieutenant 
Colonel,  and  Joseph  Vaughan,  the  Major  of  the  Eegi- 
ment, for  a  considerable  time  was  in  command.  He  was 
the  ranking  officer  in  the  Southern  Campaign  and  was 


Delaware  Memorial  at  Valley  Forge.  73 

taken  prisoner  at  Camden,  S.  C.  Vaughan  was  the 
owner  of  an  iron  furnace  in  Western  Sussex,  and  like 
the  other  officers  of  the  Kegiment,  was  a  man  of  affairs 
and  a  leading  citizen. 

Among  the  Captains  who  served  in  this  Eegiment, 
known  both  at  the  time  and  since  as  ' '  the  famous  Dela- 
ware Regiment,'7  were  John  Patten,  Robert  Kirkwood, 
James  Moore  and  Peter  Jacquett.  I  have  not  time  to 
tell  you  of  their  faithful  service,  of  their  courage,  of 
their  self-sacrifice.  They  were  all  true  soldiers,  and 
their  records  of  bravery  and  endurance  went  far  to- 
wards establishing  the  high  standing  that  the  Regiment 
attained,  when,  as  Ramsay  says,  "The  Delaware  Regi- 
ment was  reckoned  the  most  efficient  in  the  Continental 
Army."  But  I  must  mention  Major  Nathaniel  Mitchell 
and  Caleb  P.  Bennett,  a  fighting  Quaker,  both  occupy- 
ing positions  of  responsibility  and  rendering  meritori- 
ous service  in  the  Delaware  Line  and  both  afterwards 
recognized  by  the  people  of  Delaware  in  being  elected 
Governor  of  the  State.  And  brave  old  Allan  McLane 
and  Henry  Neill,  faithful  and  gallant  soldiers  whose 
devotion  to  their  State  was  unsurpassed. 

The  Regiment  went  through  the  New  Jersey  Cam- 
paign with  Washington,  and  with  him  and  the  main 
army  came  to  meet  Lord  Howe  when  he  landed  at  the 
head  of  Elk.  Under  Sullivan  and  Smallwood  the  Dela- 
ware line  fought  at  Brandywine  and  Germantown  and 
were  still  with  the  main  army  after  Howe  had  gotten 
safely  housed  in  Philadelphia  and  Washington  had 
ordered  the  troops  into  winter  quarters  at  Valley 
Forge. 

With  the  British  army  under  Howe  firmly  settled  in 
Philadelphia  in  the  fall  of  1777,  you  can  understand 
how  important  it  was  that  they  should  receive  food  and 
sustenance  from  the  surrounding  country.  The  rich 
farms  of  Chester  and  Lancaster  Counties  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  in  New  Castle  County  in  Delaware  made  un- 


74  Delaware  Memorial  at  Valley  Forge. 

usual  attractive  territory  for  the  military  marauder 
and  the  foraging  party.  In  lower  Delaware  there  had 
been,  from  the  beginning  of  the  war,  a  strong  Tory 
sentiment.  To  guard  against  the  British  devastating 
the  rich  and  productive  country  surrounding  Philadel- 
phia and  obtaining  supplies  therefrom,  and  also  to 
prevent  the  possible  coalition  of  Howe 's  army  with  the 
Tory  element  or  British  sympathizers,  Washington,  on 
establishing  his  winter  quarters  at  Valley  Forge  in 
December  of  1777,  despatched  Gen.  William  Small- 
wood's  brigade  to  Wilmington,  Delaware,  to  constitute 
a  southern  outpost,  and  to  guard  not  only  the  interests 
I  have  just  mentioned,  but  to  watch  the  shipping  in  the 
Delaware  River,  capture  any  stores  en  route  to  the 
British  army  at  Philadelphia  and  give  warning  of  the 
arrival  of  friendly  reinforcement  either  in  the  way  of 
troops  or  provisions. 

The  following  extract  from  a  letter,  written  by  Gen- 
eral Washington  from  Gulph  Mills,  dated  December 
19, 1777,  and  addressed  to  George  Eead,  then  the  Presi- 
dent (or  Governor)  of  Delaware  State,  explains  the 
situation. 

"I  have  received  the  information,  which  I  have  great 
reason  to  believe  is  true,  that  the  enemy  mean  to  estab- 
lish a  post  at  Wilmington,  for  the  purpose  of  counte- 
nancing the  disaffected  in  the  Delaware  State,  drawing 
supplies  from  that  country  and  the  lower  parts  of 
Chester  county,  and  securing  a  post  upon  the  Delaware 
River  during  the  winter.  As  the  advantages  resulting 
to  the  enemy  from  such  a  position  are  most  obvious, 
I  have  determined,  and  shall  accordingly  this  day  send 
off  General  Smallwood  with  a  respectable  Continental 
force,  to  take  a  post  at  Wilmington  before  him.  If  Gen- 
eral Howe  thinks  the  place  of  that  importance  to  him, 
which  I  conceive  it  is,  he  will  probably  attempt  to  dis- 
possess us  of  it;  and  as  the  force,  which  I  can  at  present 
spare,  is  not  adequate  to  making  it  perfectly  secure,  I 


Delaware  Memorial  at  Valley  Forge.  75 

expect  that  you  will  call  out  as  many  militia  as  you 
possibly  can,  to  rendezvous  without  loss  of  time  at  Wil- 
mington, and  put  themselves  under  the  command  of 
General  Smallwood.  I  shall  hope  that  the  people  will 
turn  out  cheerfully,  when  they  consider  that  they  are 
called  upon  to  remain  within  and  defend  their  own 
State. " 

Smallwood 's  encampment  at  Wilmington  occupied, 
so  tradition  says,  the  highland  between  Delaware  Ave- 
nue and  the  Brandywine,  and  Franklin  and  Clayton 
Streets.  This  land  is  now  well  within  the  city  limits, 
but  in  1777  it  was  a  mile  away  from  the  built-up  town. 
Those  familiar  with  the  location  will  be  impressed  with 
the  eligibility  of  the  site,  the  fine  view  of  the  country 
to  the  eastward  and  of  the  Delaware  Eiver  with  its 
passing  craft,  so  General  Smallwood  with  his  brigade, 
including  the  Delaware  Regiment,  selected  wisely  his 
winter  quarters,  and  from  that  location  carried  out  the 
objects  intrusted  to  him  by  Washington.  From  that 
camp  reconnoitering  parties  were  sent  in  various  direc- 
tions. 

From  a  report  of  General  Smallwood  to  General 
Washington,  dated  at  Pennsborough,  June  5,  1778,  we 
also  glean  the  following  interesting  data:  "I  had 
Intelligence  yesterday  afternoon  from  Newcastle,  that 
upwards  of  one  Hundred  sail  of  Transport  Ships  lay 
off  reedy  Point,  the  Admiral  off  New  Castle,  &  that 
upwards  of  fifty  sail  more  passed  down  yesterday.  I 
have  not  heard  from  that  Quarter  to  Day;  I  have  un- 
derstood that  a  draft  of  Marines  from  each  armed 
Vessel  was  ordered  up  to  Philadelphia,  and  Capt.  Rum- 
ford  informed  me  four  sloops  very  full  of  Men  had 
passed  up  the  Day  before  yesterday.  I  have  heard  that 
most  of  the  Transports  have  come  down,  &  that  only 
some  Ships  of  Force  remain  above.  I  imagine  the 
Enemy  have  few  Effective  Men  on  Board  their  Fleet, 
&  cannot  have  in  view  the  destruction  of  our  Stores, 


76  Delaware  Memorial  at  Valley  Forge. 

am  therefore  prepared  to  march  for  head  Quarters  and 
only  wait  Col.  Pope 's  arrival  who  I  have  ordered  from 
Wilmington.  I  shall  set  off  this  afternoon  or  very  early 
in  the  Morning.  I  have  received  from  Maryland  390 
Stand  of  good  French  arms  all  with  Bayonets,  the 
Residue  after  Arming  the  Troops  here,  I  shall  endeavor 
to  carry  up  with  me. 

"Last  Night  about  10  O'clock,  between  the  Fort  and 
Mouth  of  Christiana,  a  Corporal  &  seven  Men  posted 
out  of  Pope 's  Party  at  the  Mouth  of  the  Brandiwine  as 
a  Picquet,  attacked  and  took  a  Sloop  loaded  with  300 
Bushells  of  Salt,  nine  Barrels  Limes,  two  Chests  of  Tea, 
twenty  four  Barrells  Flour,  several  Turtle,  &c.,  &c. 
Commandant  &  owner  David  Shoemaker,  cleared  from 
Philadelphia  for  New  York;  I  have  order 'd  Pope  to 
send  her  up  to  Christianna,  in  charge  of  an  Officer  & 
six  Men,  with  directions  to  store  securely,  &  Inventory 
the  Cargo,  &  wait  for  further  Orders. 

Capt.  Enoch  Anderson,  who  served  as  an  officer 
both  in  the  Haslet  and  Hall  Regiments,  was  at  the 
Smallwood  encampment  and  relates  interesting  recol- 
lections of  his  personal  experiences  while  with  the  Dela- 
ware Regiment.  These  recollections  have  been  pub- 
lished by  the  Historical  Society  of  Delaware.  He 
speaks  of  several  scouting  parties  conducted  by  him  to 
New  Castle  and  points  lower  on  the  river  and  of  the 
capture  of  British  flatboats  and  parties  hunting  pro- 
visions. Capt.  Robert  Kirkwood,  in  the  orderly  book 
kept  by  him,  noted  the  arrival  of  the  Delaware  Regi- 
ment at  Wilmington  on  December  21,  1777.  At  that 
time  it  was  composed  of  twenty-nine  commissioned 
officers,  five  non-commissioned  officers  and  three  hun- 
dred and  fifty-one  privates. 

After  remaining  there  for  some  months,  Smallwood 's 
brigade,  including  the  Delaware  Regiment,  marched  to 
Valley  Forge  and  formed  part  of  the  encampment  there. 
While  here  they  seem  to  have  formed  part  of  General 
Stirling's  division  and  from  the  best  information  ob- 


Delaware  Memorial  at  Valley  Forge.  77 

tainable  they  were  encamped  on  the  high  ground  west 
of  the  Valley  Creek,  opposite  the  headquarters  and 
beyond  the  dam.  It  was  not  deemed  desirable  to  place 
the  Delaware  Marker  on  the  site  of  the  encampment, 
but  through  the  courtesy  of  the  Valley  Forge  Park 
Commission  the  site  was  chosen  where  we  are  as- 
sembled today,  and  your  committee  are  of  opinion  that 
we  were  fortunate  in  obtaining  so  commanding  and 
eligible  a  location. 

To  this  place,  then,  today  we  bring  a  Marker  of  gran- 
ite, quarried  from  the  blue  rocks  of  the  Brandywine, 
which  for  centuries  has  been  rooted  in  Delaware  soil 
and  formed  part  and  parcel  of  that  gallant  little  State 
which  was  the  first  to  accept  and  adopt  that  venerated 
constitution  of  1787,  whereby  Delaware  became  the  first 
in  the  sisterhood  of  states,  and  led  the  way  to  the  actual 
founding  of  the  United  States  of  America.  And  here 
by  the  placid  waters  of  the  Schuylkill  we  set  up  our 
Marker  as  a  testimonial  of  deepest  love  and  veneration 
to  the  brave  officers  and  men  who  for  eight  years  of 
contest  and  endeavor,  of  hardship  and  privation,  fought 
as  only  men  could  fight  whose  lives  and  fortunes  and 
sacred  honor  were  pledged  to  break  the  bonds  of 
tyranny,  and  secure  to  themselves  and  those  who  should 
come  after  them  the  blessed  heritage  of  freedom.  And 
no  spot  could  be  more  sacred  to  the  cause  of  American 
freedom  than  that  on  which  we  stand,  Valley  Forge. 
Here  in  the  darkest  hour  of  the  Revolutionary  struggle 
the  heroic  Washington  and  his  faithful  followers  sat 
with  the  shadow  of  defeat  and  the  pall  of  despair  about 
them  and  waited  with  wavering  hope  and  fear  for  the 
dawn  of  the  morning  that  might  turn  the  tide  of  battle. 
And  in  his  own  good  time  the  god  of  battles  gave  the 
victory  to  the  right. 

Most  of  my  life  has  been  spent  within  the  boundaries 
of  the  little  State  whose  name  is  engraven  on  this  stone, 
and  to  her  my  allegiance  has  been  given ;  but  in  return 
I  have  received  much  more  than  I  have  given.  I  would 


78  Delaware  Memorial  at  Valley  Forge. 

indeed  be  ungrateful  did  I  not  love  the  State  that  has 
sheltered  me  since  early  childhood,  and  regard  with 
deepest  affection  her  history  her  traditions  and  her 
people ;  but  standing  in  this  place  I  am  reminded  that 
only  a  few  miles  to  the  northward  from  here  my  mother 
was  born,  and  her  forbears  for  generations  breathed 
the  air  that  floated  across  the  valley  hills.  Across  the 
river  yonder  to  the  southeast  my  Dutch  ancestry  settled 
in  the  days  of  Penn,  and  both  family  lines  trace  back 
to  the  early  settlers  of  Germantown.  And  to  the 
Schuylkill  Valley  I  came  in  younger  days  to  claim  one 
who  shared  with  me  the  closest  ties  of  life  and  who 
wore  with  dignity  the  badge  of  wifehood,  the  mother  of 
my  children.  So  that  in  my  mind  today  there  are  hal- 
lowed memories  linking  the  sister  states  of  Delaware 
and  Pennsylvania. 

We  are  here  today  representing  the  State  of  Dela- 
ware, a  State  whose  existence  begun  in  1776,  one 
hundred  and  thirty-eight  years  ago.  Four  generations 
of  men  have  come  and  gone  since  the  bugle  of  the 
Revolutionary  soldier  rang  across  these  hills.  We 
live  quiet  lives  in  the  seclusion  of  our  Delaware  homes. 
We  are  a  little  community  at  peace  with  ourselves  and 
with  our  neighbors.  We  have  not  accomplished  great 
things  with  the  passing  of  the  years,  but  we  are  proud 
of  our  past,  and  of  the  record  that  our  State  has  made 
in  field  and  council,  in  war  and  peace. 

Our  soldiers  have  been  brave,  our  statesmen  patri- 
otic, our  women  gentle  and  dutiful,  our  children 
obedient  and  loyal;  but  no  page  of  our  history  is 
brighter  than  the  page  that  chronicles  the  bravery,  the 
devotion,  the  self-sacrifice  of  the  men  who  marched  with 
Washington  in  "the  days  that  tried  men's  souls, "  the 
men  in  whose  memory  we  unveil  today  this  modest 
memorial,  that  they  who  come  here  from  year  to  year 
may  see  and  know  that  Delaware  has  not  been  unmind- 
ful of  the  debt  she  owes  to  her  Revolutionary  sires. 

To  you  Mr.  Sayen,  the  President  of  the  Valley  Forge 


Delaware  Memorial  at  Valley  Forge.  79 

Park  Commission,  we  entrust  this  Marker,  that  here 
it  may  be  kept  and  preserved,  that  it  may  tell  its  story 
not  only  to  the  passerby  of  today,  but  to  the  generations 
to  come;  and  may  the  message  it  contains  prove  an 
incentive  to  better  citizenship  and  loftier  patriotism. 

Mr.  William  Henry  Sayen,  President  of  the  Valley 
Forge  Park  Commission,  accepted  the  marker  on  be- 
half of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
promised  that  it  would  be  cared  for  for  all  time. 

Mr.  Philip  Howell  White,  President  Delaware  State 
Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  on  being  introduced,  said  in 
part :  ' '  We  are  too  apt  to  forget  what  we  owe  to  these 
poorly  clad  and  poorly  armed  and  poorly  fed  men 
whom  no  temptation  in  the  way  of  clothing,  food  or 
gold  could  draw  from  their  allegiance  to  their  country. " 
He  referred  to  the  sparsely  settled  country  in  those 
days,  and  described  the  terrible  scenes  during  the  mem- 
orable winter  at  Valley  Forge. 

6 ' These  men,"  he  concluded,  "were  our  ancestors, 
and  we  may  well  rejoice  that  they  were  men  of  this 
type  who  were  true  to  the  right  even  when  things 
seemed  to  be  going  dead  wrong.  True  men  make  life 
really  worth  living,  not  only  for  themselves,  but  for 
others,  and  we  owe  the  liberty  and  the  happiness,  which 
we  now  enjoy  to  these  resolute  men  whose  lives  are  an 
inspiration  to  us,  and  we  are  glad  to  show  how  much 
we  appreciate  the  deeds  of  those  to  whom  we  this  day 
dedicate  this  monument." 

The  ceremonies  were  concluded  with  the  Benediction, 
said  by  Rev.  George  Edward  Eeed,  D.D. 

Chancellor  Charles  M.  Curtis,  Col.  George  A.  Elliott, 
Leonard  E.  Wales,  Esq.,  David  J.  Eeinhardt,  Esq., 
William  W.  Knowles,  Esq.,  George  W.  Sparks,  Frank 
J.  Williams,  Daniel  W.  Corbit  and  S.  Warren  Hall,  of 
Delaware;  William  A.  Patton,  J.  P.  Hale  Jenkins,  Dr. 
John  W.  Jordan,  and  S.  S.  Hartranft,  of  the  Valley 
Forge  Park  Commission,  also  participated  in  the  cere- 
monies. 


80  The  Old  Patterson  Mansion. 


THE  OLD  PATTEESON  MANSION,  THE  MASTER 
AND  HIS  GUESTS. 

BY  MRS.  LINDSAY  PATTERSON. 

[At  the  meeting  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  on  Novem- 
ber 9,  1914,  a  paper  was  read  by  Mrs.  Lindsay  Patterson,  a  grand- 
daughter of  Gen.  Robert  Patterson,  on  "The  Old  Patterson  Mansion, 
the  Master  and  his  Guests,"  from  which  the  following  excerpts  have 
been  taken.  The  present  building  of  the  Historical  Society  covers  the 
site  of  the  old  mansion  and  a  section  of  the  garden  which  surrounded  it.] 

Robert  Patterson  was  born  in  the  town  of  Strabane, 
County  Tyrone,  Ireland,  January  12, 1792.  He  was  the 
eldest  son  of  Francis  Patterson  and  Ann  Graham,  and 
grandson  (paternal)  of  Eobert  Patterson  and  Ann 
Fullerton  and  (maternal)  of  Thomas  Graham  and  Jean 
McBeth.  Of  the  family  history  in  Ireland  little  has 
been  preserved  save  the  tombs  in  the  Strabane  church- 
yard, which  testify  in  their  inscriptions  and  reproduc- 
tion of  family  coats  of  arms  that  Eobert  Patterson  was 
of  gentle  blood.  His  father,  as  the  friend  of  Wolfe 
Tone  and  Kobert  Emmett,  participated  in  the  troubles 
of  1798,  was  arrested  by  the  English  government,  tried 
and  sentenced  to  be  hanged.  The  loyalty  of  the 
Grahams  to  the  Crown  and  the  influence  of  the  Marquis 
of  Abercorn  (whose  sister  had  married  one  of  the 
Grahams)  induced  the  government  to  commute  the 
death  sentence  of  Francis  Patterson  to  banishment 
from  his  native  land.  In  the  autumn  of  1798,  with  his 
family,  he  reached  America  and  settled  in  Delaware 
County,  Pennsylvania.  His  son  Eobert,  in  1807,  entered 
the  counting  room  of  a  Mr.  Thompson,  who  was  en- 
gaged in  the  East  India  trade,  where  he  remained  until 
he  entered  the  army  in  the  War  of  1812. 

In  1817  Eobert  Patterson  married  Sarah  Engle  of 


The  Old  Patterson  Mansion.  81 

Germantown,  an  intellectual  woman  and  gifted  musi- 
cian, whose  love  of  society  and  gracious  charm  of  man- 
ner rendered  her  a  fit  helpmeet  for  her  distinguished 
husband. 

General  Patterson  was  a  Philadelphian  whom  few 
men  equalled  in  the  impress  he  made  throughout  an  un- 
usually long  life.    As  a  merchant,  a  man  of  affairs,  a 
capitalist,  a  club  man,  a  promoter,  a  veteran  of  the 
War  of  1812,  the  Mexican,  and  the  Civil  War,  in  which 
he  was  a  Major  General,  a  host  under  whose  roof-tree 
gathered  the  army,  the  navy,  the  volunteer  service,  the 
political,  scientific,  pioneer  and  social  life  not  only  of 
this  country  but  of  Europe,  there  was  no  phase  in 
Philadelphia  activity  in  which  he  did  not  play  a  part. 
From  youth  to  old  age  there  were  few  civic  occasions  of 
note,  and  certainly  no  military  ones,  in  which  he  was 
not  foremost  among  the  leaders.    Long  after  he  was 
eighty  years  of  age  he  might  be  seen  every  morning  in 
his  counting  room  on  Chestnut  Street,  the  busiest  man 
in  the  establishment.    His  well  disciplined  methods  in 
the  mastery  of  details,  his  tremendous  capacity  for 
work  first  exhibited  in  the  office  of  Mr.  Thompson,  his 
indomitable  civic  spirit,  brought  him  success  as  a  man 
of  affairs  before  he  was  hardly  more  than  thirty  years 
of  age.    A  Captain  in  the  War  of  1812,  he  acquired  the 
lifelong   friendship   of   many   distinguished   soldiers. 
Resigning  in  1815,  he  went  into  business  on  Market 
Street,  which  afterwards  developed  into  many  rami- 
fications.    His  interest  in  the  sugar-growing  districts 
of  Louisiana,  where  he  owned  large  estates,  was  fol- 
lowed by  cotton  growing  in  the  South  and  manufac- 
turing in  the  North.     During  the  last  period  of  his 
life  he  was  the  owner  and  operator  of  not  less  than 
thirteen  cotton  mills.    He  was  the  head  of  the  company 
which  opened  railroad  communication  between  Phila- 
delphia and  Baltimore;  one  of  the  first  promo  tors  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Eailroad  Company,  and  took  an  ac- 

VOL.  XXXTX.— 6 


82  The  Old  Patterson  Mansion. 

tive  part  in  introducing  steamships  into  the  commerce 
of  this  port  with  the  South  and  Europe. 

The  historic  "Patterson  Mansion"  (on  the  site  of 
which  has  been  erected  the  new  building  of  The  Histori- 
cal Society  of  Pennsylvania)  was  located  in  the  block 
bounded  by  Thirteenth  and  Juniper,  Howard  and 
Locust  Streets,  and  was  purchased  by  General  Pat- 
terson in  1834  from  John  Hare  Powell,  a  well-known 
Philadelphian  of  that  day.  The  unusual  style  of  archi- 
tecture of  the  mansion,  the  shape  of  the  letter  E,  was 
accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  it  was  originally  three 
structures  thrown  into  one,  and  family  tradition  says, 
that  the  General  caught  the  worst  cold  of  his  life  by 
moving  in  too  soon. 

His  love  of  flowers  was  a  passion,  so  the  grounds 
were  turned  over  to  Mr.  Mather,  an  English  landscape 
artist,  who  transferred,  as  if  by  magic,  the  neglected 
common  into  a  formal  English  garden.  Rectangular 
walks,  bordered  by  beds  of  brilliant  exotics  and  rare 
shrubs  and  trees,  led  to  the  great  fountain  stocked  with 
gold  and  silver  fish  and  surrounded  by  aquatic  plants. 
There  were  dwarf  fruit  trees  and  giant  orange  and 
lemon  trees,  all  laden  with  forbidden  fruit,  and  all, 
alas!  sources  of  varying  stages  of  disgrace  for  the 
enterprising  youngsters  of  the  family.  Two  great  con- 
servatories held  a  superb  collection  of  orchids — the 
first,  it  is  said,  in  Philadelphia,  and  dating  from  Mexi- 
can days — as  did  many  of  the  household  furnishings. 
Misshapen  Aztec  idols  guarded  the  walks  to  the  foun- 
tain, while  the  presiding  genius  was  a  marble  figure 
termed  Solon.  One  of  the  vernal  sights  of  that  locality 
was  the  spring  blooming  of  tulips  and  hyacinths,  which 
annually  attracted  crowds  to  the  side  garden  gate 
opening  on  Locust  Street.  The  grounds  were  enclosed 
by  a  rubble  and  rough-cast  wall  painted  yellow.  The 
two  greatest  gardens  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  last,  were 
the  Patterson  and  Dundas  Lippincott  ones  at  Broad  and 


The  Old  Patterson  Mansion.  83 

Walnut  Streets.  The  front  and  rear  porticos,  with 
their  massive  Doric  columns,  were  a  distinguishing 
feature  of  the  mansion.  The  interior  was  curiously 
arranged  with  huge  bedrooms  out  of  all  proportion  to 
the  rest  of  the  house,  and  an  inexplicable  squandering 
of  space  for  the  tripartite  stairway  in  the  centre  of  the 
building,  though  I  believe  that  was  considered  very  im- 
posing with  its  wrought-iron  balusters  and  mahogany 
rails  inlaid  with  ivory.  From  the  front  door  was  entered 
a  dimly  lighted  entresol,  from  which  opened  five  doors. 
The  apartment  was  decorated  in  military  style.  On  the 
walls  were  four  full-length  figures — Washington  and 
Jackson,  Wellington  and  Napoleon.  To  support  these 
in  the  same  monochrome  gray,  armorial  monograms 
were  drawn  on  the  encircling  frieze  under  the  cornice. 
Over  Washington  and  Jackson,  were  depicted  in  glow- 
ing colors,  Carib  Columbia,  Erin  and  the  Goddess  of 
Liberty.  Upon  the  delicately  tinted  ceiling  was  painted 
also  in  bright  colors,  the  war  god  Mars  in  his  chariot 
driven  by  his  sister  Bellona.  The  really  superior 
frescoing  of  this  and  the  three  adjoining  rooms,  open- 
ing into  each  other,  was  done  by  Uberti  and  Monal- 
deschi  the  pioneer  house  decorators  of  old  Philadel- 
phia, and  the  work  dated  about  1842.  Eight  here  it  may 
be  said  that  the  master  of  the  mansion  allowed  no  pass 
keys.  Late  as  the  hour  might  be,  a  wearied  servant 
must  admit  the  belated  one.  At  the  northernmost 
corner  stood  a  hat  rack,  purchased  in  1857  at  the  sale 
of  the  effects  of  the  now  forgotten  Gen.  Persifor  F. 
Smith,  whose  thunderous  "  grand  march "  was  once  the 
show  concert  piece  of  ambitious  musicians.  This  hat 
rack  was  equally  startling  and  embodied  a  superb  pair 
of  elk  antlers. 

A  door  to  the  left  passed  into  an  entry  where  were 
glass  closet,  china  closet,  wine  closet,  silver  closet  of 
hammered  iron,  butler's  pantry,  all  leading  to  the  huge 
kitchen  with  its  great  range  equipped  with  every  cook- 


84  The  Old  Patterson  Mansion. 

ing  appliance,  for  those  were  the  days  when  caterers 
were  not,  and  all  preparations  for  an  entertainment 
had  to  be  made  at  home.  Mrs.  Patterson  was  a  wonder- 
ful housekeeper,  having  been  taught  the  art  by  both 
Mrs.  Rubicam  and  Mrs.  Goodfellow. 

The  first  door  to  the  right  of  the  entresol  led  into  a 
small  reception  room,  sacred  to  the  young  ladies  of  the 
family  and  their  callers.  The  chairs  were  curious 
things,  upholstered  in  Indian  bead  and  quill  work, 
souvenirs  of  some  now  long  forgotten  person  or  event. 
The  main  door  opened  into  the  stairway  hall,  and  that 
again  into  three  rooms — the  dining-room,  the  reception 
room,  which  opened  on  the  spacious  back  porch,  and 
the  drawing  room,  opening  into  the  conservatory  and 
also  into  the  small  reception  room,  all  with  walls  hung 
with  French  paper,  white  lace  over  roses.  Folding 
doors  enabled  these  rooms  to  be  thrown  into  one  in 
times  of  big  entertainments.  Over  the  twin  mantels  in 
the  dining-room  hung  the  treasured  Washington  mir- 
rors from  the  presidential  mansion  on  Market  Street. 
The  walls  were  covered  with  an  unusual  Chinese  de- 
sign, like  antique  lacquer — gold  background  with  black 
figures.  The  large  mahogany  brackets,  holding  Aztec 
sacrificial  urns,  brought  from  Mexico. 

The  furniture  of  the  drawing  and  reception  rooms 
was  covered  with  a  French  damask,  crimson  and  gold. 
On  each  side  of  the  drawing-room  mantel  were  two 
cannon  balls  whose  history  has  been  forgotten,  and  in 
one  corner  was  Gen.  Santa  Anna's  wooden  leg.  On  the 
wonderfully  carved  marble  mantels  were  wax  figures, 
also  souvenirs  of  the  Mexican  War.  The  mantels  are 
supposed  to  have  been  purchased  from  Joseph  Bona- 
parte. From  the  ceilings  of  the  three  rooms  hung  three 
cut-glass  chandeliers,  indentical  in  size  and  design, 
brought  about  1835  from  an  old  chateau  in  the  south  of 
France.  When  the  three  rooms  were  thrown  into  one 
the  many  mirrors  facing  each  other  produced  a  singu- 


The  Old  Patterson  Mansion.  85 

Jar  illusion ;  you  seemed  to  be  entering  upon  a  receding 
vista  of  lighted  chandeliers,  gradually  diminishing  in 
size  until  it  terminated  in  a  tiny  chandelier  apparently 
a  mile  away. 

When  business  interests  required  General  Patterson 
to  spend  a  winter  in  Louisiana,  in  whole-hearted  fashion 
he  took  his  family  with  him,  and  entered  with  keenest 
zest  into  the  social  life  of  New  Orleans.  His  stories  of 
the  old  St.  Charles,  of  French  Opera,  the  Teche  country, 
of  Pierre  Soule,  and  Charles  Gayarre  were  as  familiar 
to  my  childish  mind  as  the  Wistar  parties  or  old  Gen- 
eral Cadwalader.  His  vacations,  just  as  earnest  and 
thoroughgoing,  were  generally  prolonged  hunting 
trips  among  the  Indians  of  the  then  little  known  North- 
west. The  most  treasured  possession  of  Col.  W.  H. 
Patterson,  was  a  diary  of  one  journey  taken  about  1834, 
through  Maryland,  Virginia,  Tennessee,  the  old  wilder- 
ness road  to  Kentucky,  down  the  Ohio,  up  the  Mis- 
sissippi and  out  to  Clear  Lake  where,  camping  with  the 
Indians  for  glorious  weeks,  the  white  man's  burden 
became  elk,  deer  and  buffalo.  The  return  was  by  way 
of  the  Great  Lakes,  New  York  State,  Hudson  River 
and  home.  This  trip  was  particularly  memorable,  it 
being  taken  when  badly  "broken  in  health  and  in  need 
of  rest/' 

Graphic  descriptions  are  given  of  the  taverns,  the 
country,  its  business  possibilities,  politics,  its  social 
life,  old  people's  tales  of  Revolutionary  days,  which 
often  reveal  unexpected  side  lights  on  present-day  no- 
tions of  accepted  history,  Indian  legends,  accounts  of 
pioneer  struggles — all  are  set  down  with  tireless  fidel- 
ity. He  describes  with  equal  enjoyment  that  ceremoni- 
ous dinner  at  the  White  House  given  in  his  honor  by 
President  Jackson,  and  the  feast  of  dogs  tendered  to 
him  by  the  Indians  of  the  Plains.  He  records  the  stories 
told  in  Westmoreland  County,  Virginia,  of  Mary,  the 
Mother  of  Washington ;  the  accounts  of  the  fierce  Black 


86  The  Old  Patterson  Mansion. 

Hawk  War,  as  related  by  the  survivors,  and  the  old 
traditions  that  yet  lingered  on  the  Hudson  of  the  death 
of  Andre,  of  Burr  and  Hamilton.  Every  President, 
from  Jackson  to  Garfield  inclusive,  entertained  him 
and  in  turn  was  entertained  at  the  Patterson  mansion. 

General  Patterson  had  the  unique  experience  of 
having  been  twice  appointed  president  of  the  board  of 
visitors  to  West  Point,  with  an  interval  between  of 
fifty  years;  being  appointed  the  first  time  by  General 
Jackson  in  1835,  and  by  President  Hayes  in  1885.  The 
ovation  given  him  on  the  latter  occasion  by  the  enthusi- 
astic corps  of  cadets  is  said  to  have  been  unequalled 
in  the  history  of  the  Academy. 

The  civic  honor  that  he  most  appreciated  was  upon 
the  critical  political  occasion  of  the  contested  electoral 
vote  which  was  decided  in  favor  of  Hayes.  President 
Grant  called  General  Patterson  to  Washington  to  me- 
diate with  the  southern  members  of  Congress.  During 
his  two  weeks  visit  at  the  White  House  he  was  intro- 
duced upon  the  floor  of  the  Senate  Chamber  by  John 
Sherman,  and  the  Senate  rose  as  one  man,  to  receive 
him. 

For  fifty  years  the  old  home  of  my  grandfather  was 
a  gathering  place  for  men  and  women  who  represented 
in  the  old  world  and  the  new  every  phase  of  human 
activity  in  art,  science,  letters,  law,  the  army  and  navy, 
politics  and  religion ;  from  the  plantations  of  the  South, 
the  factories  of  the  North  and  the  centres  of  the  world 's 
markets.  Just  here  may  I  say  that  the  names  of  guests 
at  dinners  and  receptions  and  incidents  connected 
therewith  are  largely  taken  from  the  Memoirs  of  the 
late  Col.  W.  H.  Patterson,  written  in  1904,  the  recollec- 
tions of  relatives  and  reminiscences  of  the  visitors 
themselves.  Unlike  the  large  number  of  guests  at  the 
dinner  parties  of  Madame  Eush,  those  of  General  Pat- 
terson were  limited.  His  were  a  selected  ten  to  meet  the 
Duke  of  Saxe  Weimar,  then  touring  the  country  and 


The  Old  Patterson  Mansion.  87 

anxious  to  know  representative  Americans,  or  that 
number  of  old  friends  were  gathered  to  meet  General 
Croghan,  the  hero  of  Fort  Sandusky,  or  Jesse  D, 
Elliott,  whose  controversy  with  Captain  Perry  shook 
the  Navy  Department  to  its  centre.  For  thrills  the 
dinner  service  was  of  Eoyal  Sevres,  part  of  a  coro- 
nation gift  from  the  great  Napoleon  to  his  brother 
Joseph  when  made  King  of  Spain  and  later  forming 
the  flotsam  and  jetsam,  saved  from  the  wreck  of  royalty 
when  he  found  a  safe  anchorage  at  Point  Breeze,  near 
Bordentown,  New  Jersey.  General  Patterson  bought 
many  beautiful  things  from  him,  including  this  set  of 
china.  There  were  two  sets,  a  green  and  gold  set  and  a 
buff,  decorated  with  different  views  of  Naples,  with  Ve- 
suvius always  in  the  background,  and  a  man  and  woman, 
a  stone  building  and  tree  in  the  foreground.  Its  history 
is  forgotten.  For  great  functions  thirty  plates,  termed 
the  "banquet  set,"  were  brought  out.  Each  plate  was 
different,  each  signed  by  the  artist,  and  each  repre- 
sented a  scene  from  one  of  Napoleon's  wars. 

Still  the  china  was  of  only  passing  interest;  al- 
ways the  guests  themselves  were  the  chief  ornament. 
Joseph  Bonaparte's  introduction  was  an  unusual  one. 
Mrs.  Patterson  was  sitting  by  the  window  when  glanc- 
ing up  she  noticed  a  stranger  staring  at  her.  She  had 
scarcely  moved  away  before  the  bell  rang  and  a  card 
was  brought  in — "Joseph  Bonaparte" — followed  by 
that  gentleman  himself,  all  bows  and  apologies,  but 
Madame  was  of  such  a  marvellous  resemblance  to  his 
brother,  the  great  Napoleon,  that  he  was  amazed,  en- 
chanted. She  was  equally  amazed,  enchanted,  and  to 
her  dying  day  her  pet  vanity  was  her  likeness  to  the 
handsome  Corsican.  Soon  her  husband  appeared  and 
the  story  was  retold,  and  presumably  he,  too,  was 
amazed,  enchanted,  for  Joseph,  the  best  of  the  Bona- 
partes,  then  and  there  took  the  place  that  he  always 
held,  that  of  a  warm  and  valued  family  friend  and  an 


88  The  Old  Patterson  Mansion. 

ever  welcome  and  frequent  guest.  One  of  his  gifts 
was  a  set  of  bronze  candelabra.  On  account  of 
their  historic  value  the  General  thought  they  should 
belong  to  the  nation,  so  the  large  ones  were  given  by 
him  to  the  White  House  on  the  occasion  of  the  inaugu- 
ration as  President  of  his  revered  leader  and  lifelong 
friend,  General  Jackson.  They  are  now  in  the  Blue 
Room,  standing  on  the  mantel.  A  smaller  set  that 
matches  is  still  in  the  family.  Another  guest,  whose 
vicissitudes  of  fortune  were  equally  overwhelming,  was 
a  joint  relative,  Elizabeth  Patterson,  that  indignantly 
repudiated  sister-in-law  of  Joseph's,  whose  unfortunate 
marriage  to  his  worthless  brother  Jerome  had  been  as 
vainly  opposed  by  her  Patterson  kin  as  by  the  Bona- 
parte contingent. 

A  very  different  type  of  guest,  and  most  welcome, 
was  Henry  C.  Schoolcraft,  the  Indian  expert  and  ex- 
plorer, with  his  wife,  the  gentle  0  jib  way  Princess  and 
their  two  children,  Jonty  a  perfect  Indian  and  Virginia 
a  pretty  blonde.  Equally  welcome  was  Mrs.  Chase,  the 
Irish  heroine  of  Tampico,  the  first  to  run  up  the  Ameri- 
can flag  in  that  beleagured  city.  Again,  different  in 
type,  was  another  guest,  Capt.  Frederick  Marryatt, 
whose  novels  were  the  joy  of  his  generation,  while  his 
scathing  comments  on  America  and  the  Americans  were 
equalled  only  by  our  mutual  friend  Dickens,  a  later 
guest.  A  more  appreciative  and  frequent  visitor  was 
"old  Fuss  and  Feathers,"  as  Gen.  Wjnfield  Scott 
was  most  disrespectfully  called  behind  his  dignified 
back.  Col.  W.  H.  Patterson  described  him  as  "the 
handsomest,  most  imposing  and  vainest  man  he  had 
ever  known,"  and  General  Sherman  as  "the  most 
modest."  Of  Du  Chaillu  nothing  can  now  be  recalled 
save  frequent  mention  of  his  brilliant  blue  eyes  and  in- 
tensely interesting  descriptions  of  Africa ;  of  Dickens, 
his  ill-bred  rudeness  and  attending  the  dinner  in  a 
business  suit ;  of  G.  P.  R.  James,  the  novelist,  his  ' '  soli- 


The  Old  Patterson  Mansion.  89 

tary  horseman ;"  Martin  Farquhar  Tupper,  whose 
"Proverbial  Philosophy "  was  his  chief  work;  Madame 
Le  Vert,  brilliant  Octavia  Walton,  of  Mobile,  a  spark- 
ling figure  in  yellow  satin  and  crimson  fuchias,  was 
evidently  a  great  favorite ;  as  was  also  equally  brilliant 
Emily  Schaumburg,  of  Philadelphia. 

General  Patterson  rather  quaintly  described  a  dif- 
ference in  the  welcome  he  extended;  "When  I  go 
down  the  street  and  a  visitor  says  'Good  morning 
General,'  I  invite  him  to  dinner,  for  we  fought  to- 
gether during  the  Mexican  or  Civil  War;  but  when 
he  says  'How  are  you  Captain,'  I  take  him  home  to 
visit  me,  for  we  stood  shoulder  to  shoulder  in  the 
conflict  of  1812. "  His  two  years  in  the  regular  army 
of  that  period  brought  him  the  warm  friendship  of 
men  who,  for  the  next  half  century,  found  kindly  wel- 
come at  his  home.  There  came  Gen.  Zachary  Taylor, 
then  a  Major  of  Infantry,  later  to  become  President 
of  the  United  States ;  Bennett  Kiley,  the  future  hero  of 
Cerro  Gordo,  then  an  ensign  in  a  rifle  regiment ;  Henry 
Dearborn,  Secretary  of  War  under  Jefferson,  and  for 
whom  Fort  Dearborn,  old  Chicago,  was  named ;  gallant 
young  Croghan,  only  21,  who,  when  ammunition  failed, 
filled  his  one  cannon  with  slugs  and  scrap  iron,  con- 
tinued to  fight,  and  when  ordered  by  Proctor  and 
Tecumseh  to  surrender  or  his  garrison  would  be  mas- 
sacred, replied  that  when  he  surrendered  there  would 
be  no  garrison  left  to  massacre.  Gen.  Lewis  Cass 
was  another  of  those  immortal  names  that  were  not 
born  to  die,  though  his  eminent  services  have  not  been 
remembered  as  he  deserved.  He  was  a  brave  soldier 
and  statesman,  as  well  as  explorer,  under  whose  leader- 
ship Schoolcraft  and  his  party  discovered  the  source 
of  the  Mississippi,  and  at  whose  instance  treaties  were 
made  with  the  Indian  tribes  that  brought  vast  tracts  of 
western  land  under  government  control.  The  defeated 
Democratic  candidate  for  President  in  1848,  he  was  also 


90  The  Old  Patterson  Mansion. 

Minister  to  France  under  Louis  Phillippe  and  the 
author  of  interesting  books  about  French  history  and 
politics.  A  remarkable  pair  were  Gen.  Edmund  P. 
Gaines  and  his  wife.  The  General's  army  record  re- 
ceived but  scant  notice  in  the  greater  interest  aroused 
by  his  marriage  to  Myra  Clark,  whose  spectacular 
career  and  still  more  spectacular  law  suits,  were  thrill- 
ing bits  of  gossip  for  three  generations.  An  interesting 
friend  and  neighbor  as  well  was  Fannie  Kemble,  the 
English  actress  and  writer,  grandmother  of  your  Owen 
Wister,  whose  visits  alack!  were  often  tearful  an- 
nouncements that  the  Patterson  boys  were  young 
demons,  and  who  refused  to  be  convinced  that  boys 
would  be  boys.  Old  "Sam"  Houston,  towering  like 
Saul,  head  and  shoulders  above  his  fellows,  his  huge 
form  rendered  still  more  conspicuous  by  flaming  Mexi- 
can serape,  red  necktie  and  leopard  skin  waistcoat,  his 
gray  locks  surmounted  by  a  big  sombrero,  was  yet  a 
visitor  whose  sterling  worth,  qualities  of  leadership 
and  absolute  fearlessness  commended  not  only  respect, 
but  affection;  and  as  also  did  Capt.  B-en  McCulloh  of 
the  Texas  Rangers.  Another  dominant  figure  was  Hon. 
Thomas  Hart  Benton  with  his  charming  daughter 
Jessie  and  her  husband  dashing  Captain  Fremont. 
Her  love  for  her  father  was  proverbial,  and  when  an 
old  woman,  in  a  letter  to  me,  written  shortly  before 
her  death,  she  speaks  of  him  in  terms  of  tenderest  de- 
votion, saying,  among  other  things,  that  if  he  had  not 
been  one  of  America's  great  statesmen  he  would  have 
become  one  of  her  greatest  teachers,  as  in  a  remarkable 
degree  he  possessed  the  gift  of  imparting  information. 
There,  too,  came  those  great  men  of  their  day,  United 
States  Senators  Henry  Clay,  Daniel  Webster,  John  C. 
Calhoun,  George  M.  Dallas,  James  A.  Bayard,  Littleton 
W.  Tazewell,  Felix  Grundy  and  Eeverdy  Johnson; 
Silas  Wright,  Dr.  Elisha  Kent  Kane,  the  arctic  ex- 
plorer, and  Horace  Greely,  the  great  editor  of  the  New 


The  Old  Patterson  Mansion.  91 

York  Tribune;  Hugh  White,  Judge  W.  A.  Porter,  and 
General  Quintman. 

General  Patterson's  first  prominent  military  connec- 
tion with  public  affairs  was  in  1824  when,  at  the  head 
of  eight  thousand  militia,  he  assisted  at  the  reception 
of  General  Lafayette  and  the  ball  given  to  him.  As 
Major  General  he  supplemented  the  military  cere- 
monials in  honor  of  his  guest,  President  Jackson,  by 
a  reception  at  his  home,  then  on  Arch  Street.  The 
dinner  and  reception  to  President  Polk  and  Vice-Presi- 
dent  Dallas  was  given  a  pretty  little  personal  touch  by 
Mrs.  Patterson  in  the  floral  decorations  of  pokeweed, 
with  its  shining  berries,  and  dahlias.  Happily,  for  the 
comfort  of  all  concerned,  a  mild  September  night 
and  a  harvest  moon  made  the  gardens  a  place  of  en- 
chantment as  well  as  escape  from  the  throngs  inside 
the  house,  while  the  brilliantly  illumined  conservatories 
drew  their  quota  of  guests. 

A  painful  contrast  is  the  reception  given  to  Keokuk 
and  Black  Hawk,  Chiefs  of  the  Sauk  and  Fox  nation, 
with  fifty  of  their  warriors,  friends  of  hunting  days  in 
the  West.  Having  visited  their  " Great  Father"  in 
Washington,  they  came  on  to  Philadelphia  to  talk 
things  over  with  their  friend,  the  "Big  Yellow  Cap- 
tain, ' '  as  they  called  General  Patterson.  Frank  Johnson 
and  his  band  were  grouped  on  the  veranda.  Out  in  the 
garden  stood  the  kindly  host,  the  giant  chief  Keokuk  be- 
side his  wife;  back  of  her  brooded  the  hapless  Black 
Hawk,  near  him  his  brother  "The  Prophet,"  and 
close  by  the  others.  All  knew  what  the  parting  meant; 
they  were  going  home  to  die.  On  the  chest  of  General 
Patterson's  broad  buff  waistcoat  was,  in  vermillion,  the 
imprint  of  a  hand,  and  on  the  right  cheek  of  "The 
Prophet"  was  the  same  device.  In  embracing  his 
friend  goodbye  the  marks  had  been  transferred.  The 
tension  was  broken  by  Col.  W.  H.  Patterson,  then  a  lad, 
giving  to  Keokuk,  Jr.,  a  plate  of  ice  cream,  which 


92  The  Old  Patterson  Mansion. 

he  promptly  proceeded  to  chew  and  which  equally 
promptly  brought  on  toothache,  whereupon  they  both 
started  to  settle  the  matter  with  fists. 

Probably  the  entertainments  that  gave  the  most 
pleasure  were  the  annual  dinners  in  honor  of  the  Aztec 
Club,  an  association  of  officers  of  the  Mexican  War, 
formed  in  the  city  of  Mexico  in  1847,  of  which  he  was 
the  President  for  thirty- three  years.  One  of  these  meet- 
ings is  described  in  "Captain  Macklin,"  a  novel  by 
Eichard  Harding  Davis.  There  is  also  extant  a  photo- 
graph of  the  Club  assembled  on  the  back  veranda  of  the 
mansion  with  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant  seated  at  the  side  of 
the  veteran  President,  and  irregularly  grouped  about 
them,  Generals  Blake,  Towne,  Abercrombie,  Babcock, 
Barry,  Wilcox,  Fitz  John  Porter,  Barnard,  Shepherd, 
French;  Governor  Gorham,  Col.  Charles  Biddle,  Surg. 
John  M.  Cuyler,  Major-General  Alexander,  Frederick 
D.  Grant,  Captains  Hardcastle  and  Coffee  and  Gen. 
R.  E.  Patterson. 

A  notable  reception  and  dinner  was  given  to  Lord 
Durham,  Governor  General  of  Canada  and  his  staff, 
and  another  to  the  officers  of  the  Grenadier  and  Cold- 
stream  Guards,  then  stationed  in  Canada  at  the  time 
of  the  Caroline  incident.  The  occasion  was  daintily 
graced  by  Lady  Jane  Grey  and  Lady  Catherine  Har- 
court;  and  among  the  officers,  Captain  Wyndham  of 
the  Coldstream  Guards,  later  Sir  Charles  Wyndham, 
hero  of  the  Crimean  Eedan.  Officers  of  the  First  City 
Troop,  State  Fencibles,  Washington  Blues  and  Wash- 
ington Greys  also  attended.  The  dinner  given  to  Dom 
Pedro,  the  ill-fated  emperor  of  Brazil,  was  one  of  the 
events  connected  with  the  Centennial  Exhibition  in 
1876.  It  was  his  custom  annually  to  assemble  around 
him,  as  their  commanding  general,  the  officers  of  the 
First  Division  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Militia  in  their 
resplendent  uniforms,  and  on  other  occasions  the  officers 
of  the  Army,  Navy  and  Marine  Corps  then  in  the  city. 


The  Old  Patterson  Mansion.  93 

His  dinners  to  the  Hibernian  Society  were  jovial  func- 
tions. The  list  of  Philadelphia  guests  is  endless,  a  few 
are  given :  John  Jordan,  Jr.,  Thomas  Balch  and  Town- 
send  Ward,  of  the  Historical  Society;  Josiah  Bandall, 
Richard  Vaux,  William  H.  Eawle,  Joseph  Patterson,  of 
the  Western  National  Bank ;  Hon.  Craig  Biddle,  Hon. 
John  Welsh,  William  H.  Drayton,  John  C.  Bullitt, 
James  L.  Claghorn,  John  W.  Forney,  Henry  C.  Carey, 
the  Cadwaladers,  Morton  McMichael,  the  Drexels,  Will- 
ings,  Doctors  Rush,  Gross,  and  Agnew,  the  two  Brew- 
sters,  Henry  C.  Lea,  Geo.  W.  Childs,  the  Wistars, 
Samuel  Felton,  the  Thompsons,  Frederick  Fraley,  the 
Hopkinsons,  Whartons,  and  Welsh,  Alexander  Henry, 
Governors  Bigler  and  Curtin,  Simon  Cameron,  Louis  A. 
Godey.  There  were  also  Generals  Grant,  Beauregard, 
Sherman,  "  Joe"  Johnston,  McClellan,  " Prince "  John 
Magruder,  Fitz  John  Porter,  Hancock,  "Gettysburg" 
Pickett,  Seth  Williams,  "Tom"  Barry,  Sewell,  John 
Mercer  Brooke,  planner  of  the  ram  "Merrimack" — 
but  why  call  the  honor  roll  of  that  terrible  conflict! 
Officers  from  the  Ninth  United  States  Infantry,  First 
Artillery,  from  the  Pacific  slope,  Seventeenth  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteer  Infantry,  Pennsylvania  Reserve  Bri- 
gade, Second  New  Jersey  Brigade,  Second  Division 
Third  Corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  the  Washington 
Grays — a  shadowy  host,  they  pass  and  repass — 
shadows  all! 

One  more  gathering  at  the  old  Patterson  Mansion 
and  I  am  done.  For  days  newsboys  called  through  the 
streets,  "Extra!  General  Patterson  is  dying!"  Now, 
the  long,  busy  life  had  reached  its  ending  and  the 
master  of  the  mansion  lay  dead. 

The  body,  attired  in  black,  with  medals  of  the  Aztec, 
Cincinnati  and  the  Loyal  Legion  on  the  breast,  lay  in 
state  in  the  west  parlor  next  the  conservatory,  in  a 
rich  casket  covered  with  black  cloth,  with  silver  handles 
and  silver  plate  on  the  lid,  bearing  the  name  and  the 


94  The  Old  Patterson  Mansion. 

dates  of  birth  and  death — January  12, 1792,  and  August 
7,  1881. 

The  public  were  permitted  to  view  the  remains  by 
entering  the  house  by  the  west  side  of  the  broad,  front 
steps  in  single  file,  moving  through  the  hallway  into 
the  parlor,  and  passing  out  in  like  manner  at  the  east 
side  of  the  entrance.  The  sad  procession  continued 
to  file  by  without  interruption  till  it  was  time  to  close 
the  doors  for  the  funeral  services.  General  Grant  had 
arrived  early;  General  Hancock  met  the  Loyal  Legion 
at  the  St.  George  at  ten  o'clock,  and  marched  to  the 
house  at  their  head,  and  General  W.  T.  Sherman  ap- 
peared in  full  uniform,  wearing  the  badge  of  the  Loyal 
Legion. 

The  services  began  at  a  quarter  to  eleven  with 
prayer  offered  by  Eev.  Dr.  Miller,  and  the  Thirty-ninth 
Psalm  and  part  of  Corinthians  XV  read  by  Eev.  Dr. 
Blackwood.  Eev.  Dr.  De  Witt  then  spoke  of  the  pa- 
triotic, social  and  religious  life  of  the  deceased,  giving 
a  brief  sketch  of  his  youth  and  subsequent  career;  he 
had  been  brought  up  as  a  Calvinist,  but  in  his  char- 
ities he  made  no  distinctions. 

At  fifteen  minutes  past  eleven  o'clock  the  funeral 
procession  started  for  Central  Laurel  Hill,  where  the 
family  burying  grounds  of  the  deceased  are  situated. 
The  pall-bearers  were  General  U.  S.  Grant,  General 
W.  T.  Sherman,  General  Winfield  Scott  Hancock, 
General  Fitz  John  Porter,  Joseph  Patterson,  Judge 
Craig  Biddle,  Hon.  John  Welsh  and  William  H.  Dray- 
ton.  The  four  civilians  walked  in  front,  Generals 
Hancock  and  Porter  and  Generals  Grant  and  Sherman 
following. 

Among  those  who  were  present  beside  those  above 
mentioned  were  General  Gershom  Mott,  General  Scho- 
field,  General  Charles  P.  Herring,  General  Hoffman, 
General  H.  G.  Sickel,  General  Blake,  General  Tower, 
General  G.  E.  Snowden,  former  Governor  Hartranft, 


The  Old  Patterson  Mansion.  95 

Colonel  George  Meade,  Colonel  E.  M.  Brinton,  Colonel 
H.  E.  Goodman,  Major  W.  E.  Goodman,  Colonel 
Isaiah  Price,  Major  E.  W.  Coffin,  Colonel  Peter  Ell- 
maker,  Chief  Engineer  McElmell,  Thomas  A.  Darrah, 
president  of  the  Veteran  Association  of  the  War  of 
1812;  Quarter-master-general  D.  H.  Eucker,  Captain 
Edward  H.  Nevin,  Jr.,  John  C.  Bullitt,  Esq.,  Messrs. 
J.  L.  Claghorn,  J.  B.  Lippincott,  George  Blight,  Colonel 
John  W.  Forney,  Joel  J.  Baily,  John  0.  James,  J. 
Price  Wetherill,  Colonel  Joseph  F.  Tobias,  Colonel  G. 
H.  North,  Colonel  E.  T.  Dechert,  Judge  W.  D.  Kelley, 
Joseph  Patterson,  of  the  Western  Bank,  and  Colonel 
James  Forney,  U.  S.  M.  C. 

A  chronicler  of  the  day,  who  knew  him  well,  penned 
the  following  lines  on  learning  of  his  death : 

"A  figure  that  made  the  past  century  live  again  has 
passed  from  his  old  familiar  place.  General  Patter- 
son's stately  presence,  the  natural  courtliness  of  his 
manner,  his  personal  dignity,  all  combined  to  make  up 
the  type  of  man  belonging  to  Colonial  times  rather  than 
to  the  present,  with  its  scant  formalities  and  its  level- 
ling of  old  and  young.  Yet  he  was  also  a  man  of  this 
century,  active  and  keen,  and  thoroughly  alive  to  the 
spirit  of  the  hour;  a  gentleman  of  the  old  school,  and 
yet  a  business  man  of  to-day.  He  filled  a  large  place 
in  the  social  world  of  the  city,  conspicuously  filled  it; 
he  had  the  social  talent,  cheerful  always,  even  on  the 
rare  occasions  when  disease  laid  a  finger  on  him;  dis- 
putations enough  to  give  the  Irish  dash  to  his  contro- 
versy, but  putting  in  his  arguments  in  strong  John- 
sonian style.  For,  born  Celt  that  he  was,  -and  a  good 
public  speaker,  the  quality  of  his  oratory  was  not  that 
of  his  fluent  race ;  it  was  good,  pithy  rugged  sense,  as 
rugged  and  sturdy  as  though  the  Saxon  had  been  his 
foregathers,  and  the  Saxon  he  by  no  means  either  loved 
or  would  have  preferred  to  be. 


96  The  Old  Patterson  Mansion. 

"His  magnificent  constitution  was  an  inheritance  to 
be  proud  of ;  it  was  a  pleasure  to  look  at  him,  with  his 
columnar  figure,  his  virile  grace.  He  was  built,  in  mind 
and  body,  for  action  and  to  last.  Younger  men  wore 
out  and  dropped  around  him,  his  contemporaries  in  age, 
his  intimates  of  the  old  days,  long  since  passed  out  of 
sight,  and  still  the  old  General,  hearty  and  social,  lived 
on  to  set  the  younger  world  the  pattern  of  a  physical 
and  mental  tenure  and  a  rare  vigor  to  the  last.  It  was 
in  his  domestic  and  home  circle  that  one  characteristic 
was  eminent — and  the  uniform  homage  he  paid  to  all 
women  was  only  the  outward  expression  of  his  beauti- 
full  devotion  to  one  who  passed  away  years  ago. 

1 '  Two  pictures  of  the  fine  old  figure  linger  pleasantly 
in  the  memory.  A  year  ago  in  June,  General  Patterson 
was,  for  the  last  time,  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Visitors  at  West  Point.  For  many  years  he  had  not 
seen  the  place,  and  as  he  sat  in  the  library  during  the 
examinations,  and  each  cadet  in  turn  was  ordered  to 
'face  General  Patterson,  sir,'  all  this  rapidity  and 
detail,  and  familiarity  with  mathematical  and  past  war- 
fare seemed  a  wonderful  thing  to  him.  On  the  plat- 
form for  the  graduating  ceremonies  were  grouped 
Generals  Sherman  and  Schofield,  General  Miles,  the 
Indian  fighter ;  General  Wilson,  the  cavalry  man,  whose 
command  captured  Jeff  Davis,  and  this  veteran  of  the 
'Last  war  and  of  three  wars.'  It  was  almost  a  mili- 
tary encyclopedia.  General  Patterson  looked  as  if 
made  of  granite;  but  he  felt  himself,  then,  so  feeble, 
that  the  few  words,  which  as  the  veteran  General  there, 
he  was  expected  to  say,  he  had  written  down  and  handed 
to  another  speaker.  But  in  rising  to  explain  this,  and 
to  ask  the  indulgence  of  his  young  hearers,  he  dropped 
forty  years  at  a  bound,  and  dashed,  for  these  budding 
lieutenants,  into  a  brilliant  and  graphic  description  of 
the  Mexican  campaign.  It  was  so  far  a  voice  from  the 
past,  and  from  a  memory  that  went  back  to  the  de- 


The  Old  Patterson  Mansion.  97 

fenses  of  Philadelphia,  in  1812,  that  General  Sherman, 
following  his  speech,  seemed  like  a  boy  beside  him. 

"Another,  and  the  last — in  May  weather  of  this  year 
two  riders  in  the  Park  passed  by  a  carriage  drawn  up 
beside  one  of  the  blossoming  ravines.  It  was  General 
Patterson's  carriage,  but  the  General  was  not  in  it. 
He  was  down  the  little  slope  picking  l Quaker  Ladies' 
on  the  sunny  hillside.  This  at  eighty-nine,  when  most 
men  are  dulled  and  indifferent  to  the  beauties  of  the 
outward  world,  especially  to  such  humble  little  flowers 
as  these  were.  It  was  a  touch  of  the  boy,  in  him,  filling 
his  hands  with  the  delicate  little  blossoms.  Across  the 
long  vista  of  business  and  battles,  and  all  the  details 
of  life  and  society  and  events  that  his  eyes  had  seen, 
he  was  still  keen  to  enjoy  and  ardent  to  pursue  this 
delicate  conquest  of  nature's  spring  beauties. 

1 '  General  Patterson  was  the  senior  of  a  list  of  octo- 
genarian Philadelphians  bound  together  by  ties  of  manly 
affection,  to  whom  the  place  of  honor  was  accorded  on 
all  social  and  public  occasions  where  they  were  partici- 
pants. Prominent  among  these  were  William  D.  Lewis, 
Henry  C.  Carey  and  Joseph  R.  Chandler ;  they  have  all 
gone  before  him.  He  almost  died  in  harness,  clear  in 
mind,  and  cheery  in  disposition  to  the  last,  ready  for 
the  eternal  future — to  use  his  own  expressive  language 
— with  his  l knapsack  packed.'  " 


VOL.  XXXIX.— 7 


98  Story  of  the  Ship  "Good  Friends. 


STORY  OF  THE  SHIP  "GOOD  FRIENDS." 

[The  ship  "Good  Friends,"  owned  by  Stephen  Girard,  the  great  mer- 
chant and  philanthropist  of  Philadelphia,  was  built  by  Morris  Goff,  a 
well-known  ship  builder  of  Kensington,  and  launched  in  April  of  1793. 
She  was  eighty-three  feet  in  length,  carried  twenty  guns  and  a  crew  of 
fifty  men.  The  story  of  the  "Good  Friends"  has  been  compiled  from  the 
original  letters  in  the  collection  of  the  late  Major  William  H.  Lambert.] 

Cruise  1793. — Capt.  Francis  Ellison.  Supercago, 
John  Girard.  Sailed  from  Philadelphia  in  May  for 
Bordeaux  where  she  was  detained  by  the  French  Em- 
bargo (see  suit  against  the  French  Government),  and 
returned  to  Philadelphia  in  August  1794. 

1794. — Capt.  Henry  Skinner  left  Philadelphia  in 
October  and  sailed  from  Norfolk,  Va.,  in  December, 
with  a  cargo  of  wheat  and  tobacco  for  Bordeaux.  Left 
Bordeaux  in  July,  1795,  with  a  cargo  of  brandy. 

1795. — August  18th  Captain  Skinner  sailed  for  Vir- 
ginia. He  was  caught  in  a  cyclone  off  Hampton 
Eoads  (three  of  the  crew  were  drowned)  and  put  into 
Norfolk  for  repairs.  Mr.  Eoberjot  was  sent  to  Nor- 
folk to  claim  that  Captain  Skinner  had  forfeited  the 
insurance  by  going  to  Norfolk.  When  the  ship  was 
ready  to  sail  Captain  Skinner  was  summarily  dismissed 
and  replaced  by  Capt.  John  Smith.  The  yellow  fever 
was  raging  in  Norfolk  and  Smith  had  much  difficulty 
in  getting  a  crew.  They  sailed  from  Norfolk  September 
18th,  for  Hamburg.  After  a  stormy  voyage  they 
reached  Cuxhaven  November  2d,  where  they  were  kept 
double  time  in  quarantine. 

Between  1796  and  1802  she  made  several  voyages 
from  Philadelphia  to  Hamburg  and  carried  funds  and 
cargoes  to  be  used  in  paying  the  debt  of  the  United 


Story  of  the  Ship  "Good  Friends."  99 

States  to  the  Netherlands  as  provided  in  the  contract 
between  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States  (Albert  Gallatin)  and  Stephen  Girard. 

1802. — Captain  Hawley  (who  died  at  sea  and  was 
succeeded  by  the  mate  Eobert  Thompson) ;  Supercago, 
Daniel  Adgate.  Between  1802  and  1808  she  made  sev- 
eral voyages  to  the  Isle  of  France.  She  returned  to 
Philadelphia  in  February  1808,  was  sent  to  Charles- 
ton, S.  C.,  in  company  with  the  "  Voltaire, "  "Liberty," 
and  "  Helve tius";  all  returning  to  Philadelphia  with 
cargoes  of  cotton,  rice  and  logwood.  In  May  the 
"  Montesquieu "  arrived  from  Bengal  with  a  cargo  of 
indigo  and  dry  goods,  and  these  five  great  ships  were 
kept  by  the  embargo  lying  in  the  Delaware  for  nearly 
a  year. 

1S09. — From  the  instructions  to  Daniel  Adgate, 
Supercago  of  the  ship  "Helvetius:"  "My  principal 
object  in  sending  out  the  ship  '  Helvetius '  is  to  employ 
that  vessel  and  to  dispose  of  the  cotton,  rice,  etc.,  on 
board  with  advantage. 

"My  ship  'Good  Friends,'  Capt.  Eobert  Thompson, 
will  sail  in  company  with  the  '  Helvetius, '  bound  for  the 
same  port,  with  your  brother  William  Adgate  as  Super- 
cargo. ' ' 

In  May  the  ship  "Good  Friends"  was  captured  by 
the  Danes  (See  letter  of  May  18,  1809)  and  the  cargo 
of  cotton  and  indigo  sequestrated  at  Eiga. 

1811. — Mr.  Girard  sent  Mr.  Charles  N.  Bancker  as 
a  special  agent  to  England  to  invest  some  of  the  money 
deposited  in  the  English  banks  in  the  purchase  of  a 
carefully  selected  cargo  of  British  goods.  The  "Good 
Friends"  arrived  in  Dover,  England,  in  October,  1811, 
and  sailed  from  London  on  December  24th,  chartered 
for  Amelia  Island,  Eio  Janeiro  and  Philadelphia,  with 
a  cargo  of  geat  value.  Owing  to  the  war  between 
France  and  England  she  left  Gravesend  under  the  pro- 
tection of  the  British  convoy,  and  after  a  delay  at  Tor- 


100  Story  of  the  Ship  "Good  Friends." 

bay  reached  Amelia  Island  on  February  10, 1812.  This 
island,  in  the  St.  Mary's  Biver,  belonged  to  Spain  as 
part  of  Florida,  and  a  fleet  of  United  States  gunboats 
were  stationed  there  to  protect  the  revenue  service. 

At  this  time  the  river  was  full  of  English  vessels 
with  cargoes  of  British  goods,  confidently  expecting 
that  the  Non-importation  Law  would  be  repealed  and 
that  their  cargoes  would  be  admitted  to  any  port  in  the 
United  States.  The  Spanish  Custom  House  officials 
demanded  a  duty  on  the  cargo  of  any  vessel  which  had 
been  for  .  .  .  days  in  the  harbor  and  were  urging  a 
claim  against  the  "Good  Friends "  when  a  revolution 
took  place  under  the  command  of  General  Matthews,  a 
secret  agent  of  the  United  States.  The  l  i  Patriots ' '  took 
possession  of  the  island  and  on  the  following  day  sur- 
rendered to  the  United  States.  The  vessels  imme- 
diately cleared  as  coasters  from  one  port  of  the  country 
to  another.  The  "Good  Friends "  sailed  for  Philadel- 
phia, leaving  the  agents  Hibberson  &  Yonge  claiming 
a  commission  on  the  Spanish  duty  which  had  never  been 
paid. 

At  New  Castle,  Del.,  the  vessel  was  seized  under  the 
Non-importation  Law  by  the  Custom  House  officials 
and  two  suits  instituted  against  the  owner,  one  as  for- 
feiture for  the  value  of  the  ship  and  cargo,  the  other 
as  penalty  for  triple  the  value  of  the  cargo;  the  two 
suits  being  estimated  as  amounting  to  at  least  $900,000. 
After  a  delay  of  some  weeks  the  court  ordered  the 
property  to  be  delivered  to  Mr.  Girard,  under  a  bond 
for  the  value  of  the  appraisement. 

The  cargo  was  taken  to  Philadelphia  and  sold  at  auc- 
tion by  Montmollin  &  Moses.  The  prices  obtained  may 
be  imagined  from  a  letter  dated  September  23d  in  which 
the  writer,  H.  Simpson,  of  Philadephia,  offered  to  buy 
the  thirty  packages  of  British  goods  remaining  on  hand 
at  233-J  per  cent,  advance. 

1813. — As  soon  as  the  Delaware  was  free  from  ice, 


Story  of  the  Ship  "Good  Friends."  101 

in  January,  the  "Good  Friends "  sailed  for  Europe  via 
Charleston,  S.  C. 


Extracts  from  a  letter  of  Wm.  Adgate,  Supercargo  of 
the  ship  "Good  Friends/'  dated  London,  May  10, 
1813. 

"We  left  Charleston  March  5, 1813,  in  company  with 
10  or  12  sail,  four  of  which  were  destined  for  the  same 
port  with  us.  On  the  same  day  we  sighted  a  British 
frigate  too  far  away  for  a  chase.  On  the  10th  were 
chased  by  a  ship  but  escaped  her  and  again  on  the 
15th. 

"On  April  2d,  in  latitude  45"  30  N.  longitude  5  W., 
the  man  at  the  mast  head  discovered  two  sails  in  chase. 
In  a  squall  which  followed  we  lost  sight  of  them. 
Captain  Thompson  set  all  sail  and  we  hoped  to  escape 
them;  but  about  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  when 
the  fog  lifted,  we  saw  a  frigate  on  our  weather  bow 
about  a  mile  off.  Captain  Thompson  set  our  ship  be- 
fore the  wind  with  all  sails  set,  but  the  frigate  gained. 
At  five  she  began  to  fire  at  us  and  by  half -past  five 
the  cannister  and  grape  were  flying  all  around  us.  She 
was  soon  within  musket  shot  and  gaining  on  us.  Es- 
cape was  impossible  and  Captain  Thompson  ordered 
our  colors  to  be  hauled  down.  In  a  few  minutes  two 
boats  from  the  frigate  boarded  the  "Good  Friends " 
and  took  possession  of  her.  Captain  Thompson  was 
permitted  to  remain  on  her,  but  the  crew  and  myself 
were  sent  on  board  the  schooner  'Sea  Lark.7  The  sea 
was  running  so  high  at  the  time  I  expected  the  boat  to 
swamp  every  moment.  The  'Good  Friends'  was  or- 
dered to  Plymouth  under  convoy  of  the  schooner  and 
brig  and  arrived  there  on  the  5th.  I  and  the  crew  were 
sent  on  board  the  prison  ship  'Hector,'  where  we  spent 
a  night  without  even  a  bed  to  lie  on.  The  next  day 
I  was  sent  to  Mill  Prison  and  kept  two  days,  after 


102  Story  of  the  Ship  "Good  Friends." 

which  they  sent  me  on  my  parole  to  Ashburton.  Thus 
situated  it  was  impossible  for  me  to  do  anything,  even 
to  correspond  with  your  friends  in  London,  as  all 
letters  must  go  through  the  Transport  Board  to  be 
examined  *  *  *  An  order  came  from  the  Trans- 
port Board  for  me  to  come  to  London,  where  I  arrived 
on  the  6th,  inst.,  and  am  still  considered  a  prisoner  of 
war.  *  *  * 

"Captain  Thompson  and  Mr.  Gifford  are  in  Ash- 
burton  on  parole ;  I  have  a  letter  from  Captain  Thomp- 
son through  the  Transport  office,  with  a  request  from 
your  apprentice  Wepele  (?)  that  he  would  advance  a 
small  sum  as  he  is  destitute  of  clothes  and  soap  to 
wash  them — lice  and  vermin  plenty.  The  allowance  on 
board  the  prison  ship  is  one-half  pound  black  bread 
and  one-half  pound  meat,  bone  included,  per  day.  He 
says  should  Mr.  Girard  not  reimburse  the  money  his 
father  will  do  it. 

"I  have  informed  Captain  Thompson  that  I  have  no 
authority  from  you  to  advance  money  to  anyone.  He 
says  his  instructions  are  they  shall  want  for  nothing 
and  he  conceives  it  his  duty  to  assist  them  to  all  real 
necessaries  of  life ;  but  it  is  not  in  his  power.  *  *  * 

"The  prospect  for  voyages  to  the  continent  seems 
at  present  to  be  almost  without  hope.  Since  January, 
not  one  in  eight  have  arrived.  Of  those  that  left 
Charleston  with  us,  and  for  some  time  before,  I  have 
not  heard  that  more  than  one  arrived.  Superior  sailing 
will  not  do ;  so  many  cruisers  are  in  the  bay,  indeed,  I 
would  rather  attempt  the  Channel.  *  *  * 

"The  ships  ' Darby'  and  ' Thomas  Penrose,'  which 
left  Canton  in  company  with  the  i  Montesquieu, '  have 
been  captured. 

"I  endeavored  to  ransom  the  'Good  Friends,'  but 
could  not  effect  it;  so  many  interests  were  concerned, 
and  after  my  arrival  I  was  kept  in  close  custody  so  that 
I  could  do  nothing. ' ' 


Story  of  the  Ship  "Good  Friends.''  103 

Joseph  Curwen,  London,  June  17, 1813,  to 
Stephen  Girard. 

"On  the  13th  I  reached  London  and  have  since  then 
been  occupied  in  looking  after  your  affairs. 

"The  'Good  Friends'  claimed  my  attention.  In  con- 
sequence of  my  letters  from  Lisbon  to  Mr.  Baring 
and  to  Mr.  Adgate,  who  luckily  was  in  London,  a  per- 
son in  Liverpool  has  been  desired  to  inquire  about  the 
value  the  present  owners  set  on  her.  Messrs.  Baring 
had  received  his  answer,  which  was  that  they  had  refused 
2000  and  asked  2500,  but  that  he  supposed  she  might  be 
got  for  less.  Here  was  one  of  those  unforeseen  situa- 
tions, which  it  seems  my  lot  to  meet  with,  presented 
itself.  In  a  conversation  with  you  about  the  value  of 
that  ship,  in  case  of  an  unfortunate  capture,  you  esti- 
mated her  at  11  or  1200;  but  that  price  was  named 
under  the  impression  that  she  would  have  to  be  laid 
up  during  the  war  in  this  country,  exposed  to  some 
risk  by  again  becoming  your  property.  Mr.  Adgate 
informed  me  he  thought  she  might,  in  case  of  being 
purchased,  be  made  a  cartel  to  return  to  the  United 
States.  I  immediately  waited  on  Mr.  Beesley,  the  agent 
for  prisoners.  He  agreed  to  make  her  a  cartel  if  I 
should  buy  her,  and  further,  in  that  case,  consented  to 
have  Thompson  released  in  order  to  command  her.  He 
did  not  positively  agree  to  take  Gifford  out  of  his  turn 
(for  the  oldest  prisoners  are  sent  home  first,  taking 
them  regularly  in  turn),  but  I  have  little  doubt  of  get- 
ting both  him  and  your  apprentices.  Then  the  only 
question  is  how  much  ought  to  be  given ;  the  being  able 
to  send  that  vessel  home  as  soon  as  purchased,  has 
changed  her  situation  so  much  from  that  on'  which  you 
passed  an  opinion  respecting  her  value,  that  I  am  re- 
duced to  act  altogether  from  my  own  idea  of  what  would 
be  agreeable  to  you.  I  reasoned  in  this  way — She  is 
a  favorite  of  yours,  you  would  grieve  to  lose  her.  If  a 
peace  should  take  place,  I  should  suppose  her  worth 


104  Story  of  the  Ship  "Good  Friends." 

9  or  10,000  dollars,  and,  what  with  you,  I  am  sure  will 
be  a  consideration  by  buying  her  I  get  the  immediate 
release  of  Captain  Thompson  and  most  likely  Mr.  Gif- 
ford  and  your  apprentices,  and  perhaps  of  her  whole 
crew.  Mr.  Adgate  would  of  course  go  in  her,  some 
passengers  would  also  be  obtained;  with  these  con- 
siderations, I  determined  on  buying  her  yesterday  and 
desired  Messrs.  Baring  to  write  again  to  their  friend 
in  Liverpool  desiring  him  to  g-et  her  on  the  best  terms 
he  could  within  the  2500.  I  thought  it  useless  to  limit 
the  person  in  Liverpool  to  any  intermediate  price,  the 
more  particularly  as  I  perceived  from  his  letter  that 
he  knew  what  he  was  about.  To  go  there  myself  might 
have  spoiled  everything.  He  sent  up  a  copy  of  the 
inventory  which  Mr.  Adgate  says  correct;  they  have 
taken  nothing  from  her.  There  is  one  thing  against 
the  purchase ;  she  must  go  to  an  eastern  port,  but  per- 
haps that  may  be  of  little  consequence.  If  I  should 
succeed  in  getting  the  license  I  wrote  to  you  about.  In 
a  few  days  I  shall  know  whether  we  got  her  or  not; 
nothing  but  her  being  previously  disposed  of  can  pre- 
vent her  becoming  yours.  I  have  endeavored  to  lay 
the  whole  case  before  you  and  sincerely  hope  it  may 
meet  with  your  approbation.  .  .  . 

"Mr.  Adgate  is  here  and  much  distressed  in  conse- 
quence of  his  capture.  I  tell  him  he  cannot  be  blamed. 
Three-fourths  of  the  vessels  bound  to  France  have  been 
brought  here.  I  hope,  however,  he  will  soon  be  on  his 
way  home. ' ' 


Joseph  Curwen  to  Stephen  Girard. 

"LONDON,  June  25, 1813. 

"The  day  before  yesterday  the  Messrs.  Baring  re- 
ceived advice  of  their  correspondent  in  Liverpool  hav- 
ing bought  the  'Good  Friends'  at  £2250  subject  to  a 
discount  of  2  per  cent,  or  6  months  interest.  .  .  . 


Story  of  the  Ship  "Good  Friends."  105 

The  price,  calculated  at  the  rate  of  exchange  at  15  per 
cent,  discount,  is  equal  to  $8500.  Unless  I  see  some 
prospect  of  a  peace  or  a  renewal  of  trade  in  a  few  days, 
I  shall  get  as  many  passengers  as  I  can  and  send  her 
to  the  nearest  port  to  New  York.  Newport,  Ehode 
Island,  appears  to  be  the  most  eligible.  If  I  take  pas- 
sengers there  must  be  a  temporary  cabin  between  the 
main  mast  and  the  companion  way,  so  that  the  present 
cabin  may  be  appropriated  entirely  to  the  ladies. 

"The  passage  money,  if  12  or  15  can  be  got,  will  no 
doubt  pay  all  expenses.  The  price  is  50  guineas,  they 
finding  all  their  liquors.  The  crew  I  calculate  will  cost 
nothing.  There  will  be  enough  found  who  will  be  glad  to 
work  their  passage  home.  Thompson  will  be  got  to 
command  her,  and  I  shall  try  hard  to  get  Gifford  and 
your  apprentices.  I  shall  not  engage  any  passengers 
until  I  see  the  President's  message,  which  may  now 
be  daily  looked  for  *  *  *  If  any  accommodation 
with  England  should  take  place,  she  would  get  a  hand- 
some freight  at  once." 

"LONDON,  July  3, 1813. 

"Within  this  half  hour  I  have  received  permission  to 
make  the  'Good  Friends'  a  cartel;  so  that  I  hope  within 
the  course  of  a  couple  of  weeks,  or  three  at  most,  *he 
will  sail  as  a  cartel  to  some  unblockaded  port;  most 
likely  to  Newport,  Rhode  Island." 


William  Adgate,  Supercago,  to  Stephen  Girard. 

"LONDON,  July  19, 1813. 

"Mr.  Cur  wen  left  London  for  Gottenburg  on  the 
17th.  He  has  already  informed  you  that  he  directed 
the  ship  'Good  Friends'  to  be  purchased,  which  has 
been  done  and  she  will  proceed  from  Liverpool  to  New- 
port, Ehode  Island,  as  a  cartel  for  non-combatants ;  ten 


106          Story  of  the  Ship  "Good  Friends." 

passengers  at  50  guineas  each  have  already  engaged 
to  go  on  her  and  I  expect  there  will  be  a  number  more. 
Captain  Thompson  has  not  been  released,  although  Mr. 
Beardsley,  the  agent  appointed  by  the  United  States, 
promised  he  should  be  the  one  to  command  the  ship. 
I  have  been  to  London  on  my  parole  for  three  months 
and  am  still  considered  a  prisoner  of  war.  I  am  now 
endeavoring  to  get  permission  to  go  down  to  Liverpool 
to  attend  to  the  fitting  out  of  the  ship  'Good  Friends.'  " 


Baring  Bros.  &  Co.,  to  Stephen  Girard. 

"LONDON,  August  11, 1813. 

"We  confirm  the  annexed  copy  of  our  last  respects 
of  June  24,  since  which  time  considerable  difficulties 
have  arisen  to  retard  the  despatch  of  the  'Good 
Friends, '  all  of  which  will  be  explained  by  Mr.  Adgate, 
who,  we  hope  and  expect,  will  be  the  bearer  of  this  in 
that  vessel.  He  is  now  at  Liverpool  engaged  in  the 
outfit,  etc.,  of  the  ship,  in  which,  as  in  all  concerns,  he 
has  been  indefatigable,  and  you  may  always  rely  on  our 
best  endeavors  to  promote  your  interest  and  forward 
your  views. 


Joseph  Curwen  to  Stephen  Girard. 

GOTTENBUBG,  October  10, 1813. 

"You  will  have  heard  that  the  'Good  Friends'  was 
not  permitted  to  sail  for  America  as  a  cartel.  Mr. 
Adgate  on  his  arrival  can  give  you  an  account  of  that 
unfortunate  transaction;  I  fear  the  Baring  Bros,  were 
not  so  active  as  they  should  have  been.  They  write  me 
they  have  an  idea  of  sending  her  to  Martinique.  It  may 
be  for  the  best  there  is  no  knowing." 


Story  of  the  Ship  "Good  Friends."          107 

William  Adgate  to  Stephen  Girard. 

"BOSTON,  November  4,  1813. 

"I  have  only  time  to  inform  you  that  I  landed  here 
this  evening  from  on  board  the  Swedish  ship  'Neptune,' 
in  30  days  from  Liverpool;  the  'Good  Friends'  was  not 
permitted  to  sail  after  the  cartel  document  and  all  the 
usual  forms  were  gone  through;  the  only  reason  as- 
signed was  the  rigour  with  which  B.  subjects  were 
treated  in  this  country.  And  at  the  time  of  our  de- 
parture only  those  who  had  previously  obtained  pass- 
ports were  allowed  to  leave  Great  Britain.  Mr.  Curwen 
left  London  for  Sweden  in  time ; .  *  *  *  The  pas- 
sengers on  this  ship  were  all  coming  in  the  'Good 
Friends.'  " 


108  Notes  and  Queries. 


NOTES  AND   QUERIES, 
motes. 

LETTER  OF  MAEY  PEMBEETON  TO  HER  HUSBAND,  ISRAEL  PEMBERTON,  1777. 

Bolton  House  2d  of  the  8th  m°:   1777. 
My  Dearest, 

I  did  not  think  I  should  have  so  soon  been  obliged  to  write  to  thee 
but  now  think  it  necessary;  another  Brigade  of  a  Thousand  Men  Just 
Passing  by  and  about  to  Incamp  near  us.  General  Maxwell  has  sent 
back,  I  suppose  'twas  his  aid  Decamp,  to  request  a  Lodging  and  I 
Imagine  he  intends  to  Dine  here.  I  wish  tho'u  couldst  get  Primus's 
Wife  or  Phillis  and  send  back  Kate  with  some  vegetables,  for  our 
neighbours  have  none  to  spare;  Poor  Mary  had  Thirty  to  Dine  yesterday, 
but  they  happened  to  Pay  her  to  her  satisfaction;  thy  wine  will  stand 
a  Poor  Chance  unless  we  had  something  Else  to  Drink.  I  am  Sorry 
and  much  Concerned  that  I  have  so  Disagreeable  Subject  to  Entertain 
thee  with,  Especially  as  I  am  Sensible  it  will  give  thee  uneasiness  on 
my  account,  but  hope  the  same  gracious  Protection  that  has  hither 
to  supported  will  be  continued  to  the  End. 

I  know  not  how  I  shall  get  this  letter  to  thee  without  sending  Martin. 
If  by  any  means  thou  Could  send  some  of  the  White  Curran  Wine  or 
Cyder  to  Drink  With  Water  it  would  be  well,  but  I  Leave  it  to  thy 
Self,  and  am  thy  affectionate  Wife, 

Mary  Pemberton. 

I  have  just  heard  the  Earl  of  Sterling  is  at  our  Neighbour  Miller's, 
if  Proper  he  will  stay  here  to  night. 

3  O  Clock.     The  General,  his  attendance  has  been  here  to  Dinner — 
is  not  sure  that  he  Shall  fix  his  head  Quarters  here  till  he  has  Consulted 
the  Earl  of  Sterling. 
To  Israel  Pemberton, 

In  Philadelphia. 

Of  the  ECLIPSES  this.  Year,  1736. 

Six  Eclipses  will  there  be  this  Year,  four  of  the  Sun,  and  two  of  the 
Moon;  they  happen  in  the  following  Order. 

The  first  will  be  a  small  Eclipse  of  the  Sun  on  the  first  Day  of  March, 
about  nine  a  clock  in  the  Morning:  It  will  only  be  seen  in  the  most 
northern  Parts  of  the  World. 

The  Second  is  a  great  and  total  Eclipse  of  the  Moon  on  the  fifteenth 
Day  of  March,  beginning  7  minutes  past  Five  a  Clock  in  the  Afternoon, 
the  middle  of  the  Eclipse  52  minutes  past  Six;  the  End  thereof  36  min. 
past  Eight:  Total  Duration,  three  Hours  and  a  half. 

The  Eclipse  falls  in  the  sixth  Degree  of  Libra,  and  in  the  12th  House, 
which  denotes  Affliction  to  great  Cattle,  and  Sorrow  to  Women.  But  it 
being  so  near  the  Dragon's  Head,  and  in  Trine  to  Jupiter,  shows  (ac- 
cording to  Authors)  that  it  will  not  be  of  any  hurtful  Signification. 

The  Third  is  of  the  Sun,  March  31.  about  Three  a  clock  in  the  Morning. 
Not  visible  in  our  Parts  of  the  World. 

The  Fourth  is  of  the  Sun  also  on  the  Twenty-fifth  Day  of  August, 
about  Four  a  clock  in  the  Morning,  so  not  visible  with  us  here. 

The  Fifth  is  a  great  and  visible  Eclipse  of  the  Moon  on  September 
the  8th,  beginning  7  minutes  past  Eight  a  clock  in  the  Afternoon;  the 


Notes  and  Queries.  109 

Middle  thereof  two  minutes  past  Ten  a  clock;  the  End  of  it  57  minutes 
past  Eleven  a  clock.  Continuance  of  total  Darkness,  One  Hour  38  min 
utes.  Total  Duration,  Three  Hours  50  minutes. 

This  Eclipse  falls  in  the  twenty-seventh  Degree  of  the  Sign  Pisces 
and  in  the  eleventh  House  near  the  Dragon's  Tail;  which  denotes  ill 
Success  to  Seafaring  Men,  their  Hopes  frustrated  by  means  of  Pirates  or 
some  other  Misfortunes,  but  more  especially  to  such  Persons  that  have 
the  27th  Degree  of  Pisces  ascending  at  their  Birth,  or  in  some  other 
eminent  Place  of  their  Geniture. 

The  Sixth  &  last  Eclipse  is  of  the  Sun,  Sept.  23.  about  noon;  but  both 
the  Luminaries  being  so  distant  from  the  Moon's  north  Node  it  will  not 
be  visible  to  us  here. 

Miss  MARY  SELDEN  contributes  the  following  curious  advertisement 
in  the  Hartford  Courant  of  1799.  Henry  Clay  had  "posted"  his  wife 
and  now  he  "informs  the  publick"  that  he  has  "taken  her  to  wife  again 
after  settling  all  our  domestic  broils  in  an  amicable  manner,  so  that 
everything  as  usual  goes  on  like  clock-work." 

"Divorced  like  scissors  rent  in  twain, 
Each  mourned  the  rivet  out, 
Now  whet  and  rivetted  again, 
They  make  the  old  shears  cut." 

LETTEE  OF  HON.  JOHN  JOSEPH  HENBY,  PRESIDENT  JUDGE  SECOND 
JUDICIAL  DISTRICT  OF  PENNSYLVANIA,  TO  JOHN  DONALDSON,  COMPTROLLER 
GENERAL,  1800. 

Harrisburg  Sept.  14th  1800. 

Until  today  I  have  not  had  a  moments  leisure  to  answer  yours  of  the  2d 
ulto.  which  I  received  at  Carlisle  the  4th  instant.  The  business  of  that 
county  was  of  a  nature  to  employ  all  my  time.  Coming  from  thence  on 
Sunday  evening  I  was  thrown  from  my  chair  and  bruised  most  dread- 
fully. Notwithstanding  that  circumstance  the  ill-health  of  several 
of  the  Judges  and  the  absence  of  others  compelled  me  to  a  constant 
attention  to  business  here.  From  the  situation  of  my  wounds  I  could 
not  pay  a  due  regard  to  them  while  engaged  in  court.  A  swelling  of 
my  left  thigh  which  causes  excruciating  pain  seems  from  its  inflamed 
state  tending  to  an  eruption.  If  I  shall  be  fortunate  enough  to  allay 
the  symptoms  I  will  be  at  Lancaster  by  the  20tta  inst  the  time  my 
brother  desired  to  see  me. 

Your  mo.  hum.  Serv* 

Jno.  Jos.  Henry. 

LETTER  OF  COL.  JOHN  JONES  TO  CAESAR  RODNEY,  1780. — The  following 
letter  of  Col.  Jones  to  Caesar  Rodney,  of  Delaware,  is  addressed  "His 
Excellency  Caesar  Rodney  Esqr,  Wilmington,  per  Capt  Wm  Kollock." 
Sir. 

Notwithstanding  the  mildness  of  our  government  and  the  levity  and 
tenderness  hitherto  shown  to  the  disaffected  throughout  this  State  and 
particularly  to  those  of  this  County  between  two  and  three  hundred  of 
them  for  some  time  past  have  been  ranging  about  the  County  disarm- 
ing the  well  affected  seizing  the  ammunition  refusing  to  pay  their 
taxes  and  in  short  openly  avowing  their  intension  of  opposing  the  laws 
and  threatening  distruction  to  all  that  should  oppose  them. 

Things  thus  being  Circumstanced  there  was  no  time  to  be  lost  the 
general  therefore  gave  immediate  orders  for  the  militia  to  hold  them- 
selves in  rediness  to  march  against  those  miscreants  but  previous  to 
any  movement  being  made  no  less  than  five  different  parties  were  sent 
out  for  the  purpose  of  geting  inteligence  who  were  all  taken  prisoners 


110  Notes  and  Queries. 

it  was  then  Judged  necessary  to  send  out  a  party  of  horse  who  were 
fired  upon  six  of  which  were  wounded  one  horse  killed  and  Mr.  Robert 
young  taken  prisoner.  No  doubt  now  remaining  of  their  hostile  in- 
tension the  general  was  determined  to  march  against  them  with  what 
force  he  had  Collected  and  after  persuing  them  for  three  days  and 
driving  them  from  one  Swamp  into  another  have  nearly  dispersed  them 
I  am  your  Excellencys  very  Hble  Serv* 

John  Jones 
Aug*  10th  1780. 
His  Excellency  Caesar  Rodney. 

MATERIAL  FOB  LOUISIANA  GENEALOGY,  BY  WILLIAM  BEEB,  LIBBABIAN 
HOWABD  MEMORIAL  LIBRAE Y,  New  Orleans. 

List  of  Indices  of  Wills  Probated  in  New  Orleans. 

Bertin,  P.  M.  (Compiler.)  General  index  of  all  successions  opened  in 
the  parish  of  Orleans  from  the  year  1805  to  the  year  1846. 
N.0.1849  80,  pp.  234.  Arranged  chronologically  in  alphabetical 
order  of  first  letter  only.  Gives  color  of  the  testator. 

Villers,  A.  J.  (Compiler.)  General  index  of  all  successions  opened  in 
the  parish  of  Orleans  from  the  year  1846  to  the  month  of  August, 
1880.  N.O.1881.  4o,  pp.  153.  Strict  alphabetical  order  giving 
file  number  of  the  succession.  (No  year  given.) 

McBee,  W.  L.  (Compiler.)  General  index  of  all  successions  opened  in 
the  civil  district  court  parish  of  Orleans,  Louisiana,  from  its  organi- 
zation August  1,  1880,  to  August  31,  1894.  N.O.1895.  80,  pp.  93. 
(With  recapitulation  showing  dates  and  volumes  of  copies.) 

McBee,  Mrs.  W.  L.  (Compiler.)  General  index  of  all  successions, 
emancipations,  interdictions  and  partition  proceedings  opened  in 
the  civil  district  court  parish  of  Orleans,  Louisiana,  from  August 
31,  1894,  to  January  1,  1902.  N.O.1902.  80,  ±j.  88.  (Numbers 
of  successions  only.) 

Old  Louisiana  Families  "by  Charles  Patton  Dimitry. 

Alpuente  Times  Democrat,  Jan.  24,  1892. 

Augustin  Times  Democrat,  Ap.  3  and  17,  1892. 

Canonge  Times  Democrat,  Jan.  8,  15,  22,  1893. 

Cenas  Times  Democrat,  Mr.  6,  1892. 

De  la  Vergne  Times  Democrat,  May  8,  22,  27,  1892. 

Delery  Times  Democrat,  Oct.  9,  16,  1892. 

Doriocourt  Times  Democrat,  Dec.  18,  1892;  Jau  1,  1893. 

Ducatel  Times  Democrat,  Nov.  27,  Dec.  4,  1892. 

Fortier  Times  Democrat,  Mr.  20,  27,  1892. 

Jarreau  Times  Democrat,  Feb.  21,  1892. 

Kenner  Times  Democrat,  Oct.  23,  1892. 

Labarre  Times  Democrat,  Sept.  4,  11,  1892. 

Le  Blanc  Times  Democrat,  Feb.  14,  1892. 

Le  Breton  Times  Democrat,  June  19,  26,  1892. 

L'Homme  Times  Democrat,  June  5,   12,   1892. 

Montreuil  Times  Democrat,  July  17,  1892. 

Morant  Times  Democrat,  Jan.  10,  1892. 

Morphy  Times  Democrat,  Ap.  24,  May  1,  1892. 

Pontalba  Times  Democrat,  Jan.  17,  1892. 

Rouquette  Times  Democrat,  Nov.  20,  1892. 

St.  Avide  Times  Democrat,  Feb.  7,  1892. 

St.  Martin  Times  Democrat,  Aug.  7,  14,  1892. 

Sauve  Times  Democrat,  Jy.  10,  1892. 

Trudeau  Times  Democrat,  Aug.  21,  28,  1892. 

Villere  Times  Democrat,  May  15,  Sept.  25,  Oct.  2,  1892. 


Notes  and  Queries. 

A  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY,  PENNA.,  MYSTERY. 

CUMBERLAND  COUNTY  as;  Examination  of  George  Cover  and  Adam 
Crytzer;  Whereas  a  report  is  raised  on  Doctor  John  Kimmel  in  the 
.Neighbourhood  where  he  now  liveth  which  is  as  followeth  Viz  that 
the  widow  Kimmel  went  to  the  Exr»  of  Phillip  Kimmel  and  bid'  them 
come  to  her  house  and  se  what  was  in  the  House  whether  it  was 
haunted  or  no,  that  the  Exr8  came  and  stayed  one  night  and  heard 
nothing,  that  they  came  another  night  and  sleept  in  the  room  where  the 
widow  used  to  sleep,  that  night  the  House  was  disturbed,  that  George 
Cover  rise  up  out  of  bed  an  catched  the  Gost  that  it  had  a  white  sheet 
or  shirt  on  and  a  Log  chain  round  its  Middle,  that  a  light  was  brought 
and  it  proved  to  be  the  Doctor  John  Kimmel  that  they  were  about  to 
drive  him  away  that  night,  that  the  Widow  said  leave  him  till  morning 
and  I  will  send  him  away  cleverly. 

CUMBERLAND  COUNTY  ss;  Before  me  Hugh  Laird  one  of  the  Justices 
for  said  County  personally  came  the  subscribers  Exr8  of  the  Estate  of 
Phillip  Kimmel  decesed  and  on  their  Solemn  affirmation  do  Say  that 
the  above  raised  on  Doctor  John  Kimmel  is  altogether  falce  and  ground- 
les. 

Affirmed  and  subscribed  before  me  the  5th  day  of  February    1787 
Hugh  Laird. 

Jerg  Kobers 
Adam  Krietze 
Deed  Book  L  Volume  I,  p.  685.     Carlisle,  Pennsylvania. 

"HANCOCK  CHAIR." — There  is  on  exhibition  in  St.  Paul's  P.  E. 
Church,  Norfolk,  Virginia,  a  chair  labeled  as  follows:  "This  chair  was 
occupied  by  John  Hancock  when  he  signed  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence. It  was  bought  by  Col.  Thomas  Bayley  of  Accomac  County, 
Va.;  at  his  death  it  became  the  property  of  his  daughter  Ann,  who 
subsequently  inter-married  with  the  Reverend  Benjamin  W.  Miller,  once 
Rector  of  St.  Paul's  church,  Norfolk,  who  presented  it  to  his  Parish." 

This  chair  is  evidently  one  of  those  used  by  a  Delegate  to  the  Congress 
at  Philadelphia,  but  not  by  the  President,  which  is  of  a  different  design. 
The  chair  occupied  by  John  Hancock  as  President  of  Congress,  and  in 
which  he  sat  when  he  affixed  his  signature  to  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence, is  preserved  in  Independence  Hall. 

M.  R. 

EXTRACTS  FROM  ACCOUNTS  PAID  BY  ASSEMBLY  AGAINST  THE  COUNCIL 
OF  SAFETY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA,  JULY  1777-NovEMBER  1779,  from  original 
in  Historic"  «i  /^'ety  of  Pennsylvania. 
1777. 
August   4.     Peter  Brown,  for  Smithwork  on  the  Chain  ....     £15.19.  6 

6.  Jos.  Lownes,  cartridge  boxes   19.  7.  0 

7.  Jas.  Davidson,  for  a  gun  and  bayonet 5.10.  0 

18.  John  Hubley,  Commissary  of  Stores,  &  Ludwig 

Lauman,  Dep.  Com.,  Lancaster,  2  mo.  pay  . .       60.  0.  0 

19.  John  Haley,  riding  express  to  Col.  Evans 1.  5.  0 

Col.  Philip  Greenwalt,  for  guns,  rifles,  cartouch 

boxes,  blankets,  potts,  camp-kettles  &  canteens  168.18.  6 
Caleb  Davis  for  camp  kettles  for  Flying  Camp; 

canteens  for  militia   73.18.  5 

20.  John  Crawford  house  rent  Col.  Miles  battalion  23.18.  0 
Jos  Lownes  525  bayonets   196.17.  6 

22.  Tho-  Robbins,  blocks  supplied  to  the  galleys   . .  122.  0.  0 
1778. 

Jany.    23.  Caleb  Davis,  26  muskets 81.  4.  9 

27.  Col.  Jos  Hart  9  muskets 11.15.0 


112 


Notes  and  Queries. 


Feb.       26.     Daniel    Joy    services    attending   to   casting    and 

proving   cannon    585.  0.  0 

March     9.     Sam1  Morris  Jr.,  purchases  for  Billingsport  & 

Fort   Island    315.  8.11 

April     14.     John  Weitzel  for  17  days  attendance  in  Council         6.16.  0 
Sept.       7.     French    Battess,    riding    express    March    1776- 

March  1777  42.  0.  0 

11.     Arms  for  Militia  delivered  at  Woodbridge.  N.  J.       44.10.  0 
1779. 
Feby.     23.     Daniel  Rose  for  Teaching  Drummers  &  Fifers  1 

Battl"  Berks  Co  Militia,  Col.  Haller 9.  0.  0 

April      6.    John  Gillerest  for  losses  of  guns,  blankets  &c  by 

4th  Battn.  Lancaster  Co 297.18.  0 

9.     W.  Smith,  medicine  to  Saltworks   10.  4.  0 

John  Mease,  20  gall  Rum  &  2  gall.  Gin  for  Com- 
modore  Hazelwood    19.  4.  0 

14.     Paul  McKnight,  meals  for  57  men  of  Capt  Alex. 

Martin's  company   2.12.10 

16.  Joseph  Williams,  5  mo.  23  days  pay,  Capt.  Fitz- 

simmons  Co  of  Militia   14.18.  8 

26.     Levi.  Hollingsworth,  wharfage  floating  battery 

Putnam    10.10.  0 

28.  John  Barnhill,  superintending  removal  of  goods 

from  city  in  1777 831.10.  0 

29.  Tho8  Nevell,  loading  cannon  on  scows  for  Fort 

Mifflin  &  cash  paid  drummer  &  fifer  7.17.  9 

May       12.    Matthew  Hand  Capt  at  Flying  Camp 23.  5.  0 

20.     Tho8  Mifflin  Q.M.G.,  265  pair  Leather  Breeches 

&  71  pairs  of  shoes  760.  2.  3 

24.     John  Hall,  beef  supplied  row  galleys  at  Reedy 

Island  in  1777 69.13.  6 

June      15.     Wm  Mcllvaine,  medicine  &  attendance  on  sick  & 

wounded  seamen,  Dec.  '77,  Jany  &  Feby  78  . .       41.  7.  0 

17.  John  Lisle,  Assistant  Commissary 93.  0.  0 

22.     Tho'  Heimberger,  for  manufacturing  gunpowder    480.19.  4 

Sept.       9.     Lewis  Farmer  recruiting  acct 60.  0.  0 

Nov.  19.  Tho8  Fitzgerald,  hire  of  wagon  &  4  horses  Aug  26 
1777  to  March  2,  1778  in  Militia  service,  & 
cost  of  said  wagon  &  horses  taken  March  2 

1778,  by  Col.  Geo.  Smith 583.10.  0 

29.  David  Kennedy,  for  115  guns  bo't  in  76  for  the 
use  of  2  Balltn  York  Co  Militia,  &  lost  at 
Fort  Washington  292.16.  9 

LETTEB  OF  WILLIAM  PENN  TO  SAMUEL  PEPYS,  1670. — Original  in 
Manuscript  Division,  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

I  am  so  ffarr  from  Scattering  my  selfe  with  the  least  hope  of 
S'uccesse  because  I  make  the  Insueing  request  that  I  have  no  greater 
reason  to  believe  the  Contrary;  It  is  my  unhappynesse  to  be  misrep- 
resented by  some,  &  wonderfully  misunderstood  by  more;  but  no  more 
off  this.  My  Poore  ffather  was  pleasd  to  give  me  a  sight  of  an 
Ingenious  letter  he  receivd  from  thee  some  time  before  he  left  it,  &  us; 
which  assureing  him  how  much  thou  wer't  devoted  on  all  occasions  to 
serve  his  friends,  (because  In  doeing  so  thou  servdst  thyn  own)  & 
because  I  am  very  unwilling  to  place  but  the  vallue  of  a  meer 
Complement  upon  It  I  beseech  thee  to  take  the  Condition  of  L*  Keen 
Into  Consideration,  his  friend  Is  gone,  unlesse  he  finds  him  outliving 
him  self  In  thee;  his  abilitys  I  know  not;  none  a  better  judge  then  thy 
selfe;  but  of  his  gratitude  I  dare  avouch,  &  for  full  performance  off  all 
due  observance  I  freely  offer  my  selfe  for  his  security,  but  what  need 


Notes  and  Queries.  113 

I  trouble  thee  or  my  selfe  with  arguments  of  this  Kind,  when  the  * 
hands  that  presents  it  is  all  sufficient,  nor  doe  I  expect  any  thing  here 
can  be  oblidgeing  but  from  the  vertue  It  borrows  off  her;  &  least  I 
should  Spoyle  all,  I  am  resolv'd  I  will  conclude,  In  beseeching  thee 
to  gratefy  her,  since  he  cant  dare  pretend  to  It,  who,  whatever  thou 
beleivest,  is 

Thy  very  Affec* 
Reall  ffriend 

Wm  Penn 
Ld.  4th  9b"  70 

*  my  Cos'n  The  Turner. 

BOULTON  GUN  WORKS. — At  the  meeting  of  the  Lehigh  County  His- 
torical Society,  which  was  held  at  Nazareth  in  September  of  last  year, 
the  Rev.  J.  A.  Klick  read  a  paper  on  the  Boulton  gun  works,  from 
which  the  following  excerpts  have  been  taken.  The  gun  works  building 
is  still  standing  and  in  good  preservation. 

Hon.  William  Henry,  Jr.,  who  erected  the  Boulton  gun  works  on  the 
Bushkill  creek,  Northampton  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1813,  was  a 
son  of  Hon.  William  and  Ann  Henry  of  Lancaster,  where  he  was  born 
March  12,  1757.  In  1780  he  removed  to  Nazareth,  where,  with  the 
financial  backing  of  his  father,  he  erected  a  building  for  the  manu- 
facture of  firearms,  and  in  1808  a  forge  at  Jacobsburg  in  which  the 
first  bar  iron  manufactured  in  the  county  was  made  in  March  of  1809. 

Mr.  Henry  in  January  of  1788  was  commissioned  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  and  Associate  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas,  Quarter  Sessions  and 
Orphan  Courts  of  Northampton  county,  and  after  serving  twenty-six 
years  resigned.  In  1792  he  was  one  of  the  Presidential  Electors  of  the 
State  and  cast  his  vote  for  Washington's  second  term,  and  three  years 
later  was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to  erect  the  first  bridge  over  the 
Delaware  river  at  Easton.  In  1797  he  was  commissioned  to  survey  the 
public  lands  in  Ohio,  given  by  the  United  States  to  the  Indian  mission 
of  the  Moravian  church,  to  reimburse  it  for  losses  sustained  in  the 
Revolution.  He  was  active  in  his  judicial  capacity  during  the  "Fries 
Rebellion,"  1798-99.  For  some  time  he  was  interested  with  Col.  Jacob 
Weiss  and  others  in  developing  a  section  of  the  coal  field  in  the  Lehigh 
district,  and  he  laid  out  the  town  of  Lehighton.  He  was  an  experienced 
surveyor  and  an  excellent  draughtsman. 

The  constant  testing  of  guns,  and  the  bustle  of  workmen  disturbed 
the  people  of  the  quiet  little  Moravian  village,  and  a  contract  with  the 
State  for  two  thousand  muskets,  compelled  Mr.  Henry  to  seek  elsewhere 
a  more  eligible  site  and  he  purchased  a  large  tract  of  land  on  the 
Bushkill  creek,  three  miles  from  Nazareth,  where  he  erected  the  large 
factory  building  and  named  it  the  Boulton  Gun  Works.  Here  he  con- 
tinued the  manufacture  of  firearms,  particularly  rifles,  until  he  was 
succeeded  by  his  sons  John  Joseph  and  William  Henry,  3d,  who  con- 
tinued the  business  until  1822,  and  then  by  John  Joseph  Henry  alone. 

William  Henry,  3d,  who  had  an  expert  knowledge  of  metallurgy  and 
indomitable  energy  in  1832,  turned  his  attention  to  the  Lackawana 
Valley,  to  develop  its  rich  mineral  resources.  In  1840  he  induced  his 
sons-in-law  Selden  T.  and  James  Scranton  and  their  kinsman  Col. 
George  W.  Scranton  to  join  him  in  erecting  the  first  blast  furnace  on 
the  present  site  of  Scranton. 

John  Joseph  Henry  continued  the  business  with  his  son  James,  and 
after  the  death  of  the  former,  James  with  his  son  Granville.  In  1895 
the  business  was  abandoned.  The  rifles  made  by  these  firms  were  in 
much  demand  by  the  Western  trade;  they  manufactured  their  own  bar 
iron;  made  the  triggers  and  cut  out  the  gun  stocks  of  beech,  maple 
and  walnut.  John  Jacob  Astor,  for  thirty  years,  was  a  large  purchaser 
of  their  manufacture. 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 8 


114  Notes  and  Queries. 

SELECTIONS  FROM  PHILADELPHIA  NEWSPAPERS  OF  1772,  1779,  1780. — 

To  the  FREEHOLDERS,  and  others,  ELECTORS  for  the  City  and  County  of 

PHILADELPHIA. 
GENTLEMEN, 

I  return  you  my  hearty  Thanks  for  the  Honour  you  did  me  the  last 

Year,  in  voting  me  on  the  Return  for  Coroners,  and  as  I  intend  to  stand 

a  Candidate  for  the  said  Office,  at  the  ensuing  Election,  I  beg  the  Favour 

of  your  Votes  and  Interest,  which  shall  be  gratefully  acknowledged  by, 

Your  obliged  Friend,  and  humble  Servant, 

CALEB  CASH,  Coroner. 


For  the  Entertainment  of  the  CURIOUS. 

Mr.  Kinnersley  proposes  to  exhibit  his  Electrical  Experiments  at  the 
College,  in  this  city,  To-morrow,  and  next  Day;  and  again  on  Monday 
and  Tuesday  next  week;  to  begin  at  six  o'clock  in  the  evening.  In  this 
course,  consisting  of  only  two  Lectures,  many  curious  and  interesting 
experiments  will  be  exhibited,  tending  to  show  the  nature  and  properties 
of  lightning,  and  how  to  avoid  the  danger  of  it;  among  which,  the  fol- 
lowing will  not  be  deemed  the  least  remarkable. 

Flashes  of  lightning  visible  under  water;  iron  heated  red  hot  and 
even  melted  by  lightning,  whilst  under,  and  in  contact  with,  common 
cold  water. 

Those  Gentlemen  and  Ladies,  who  intend  to  honour  these  Lectures 
with  their  company,  are  requested  to  be  furnished  with  tickets,  that 
no  money  may  be  taken  at  the  door.  Tickets  may  be  had  at  Mr. 
KINNERSLEY'S  house,  near  the  college,  at  Half  a  Dollar  for  each  Lecture. 
.  .  .  He  purposes  to  continue  his  lectures  no  longer  than  this  week, 
and  the  next. 

As  Electrical  Experiments  can  be  best  exhibited  when  the  air  is 
pretty  dry;  if  it  should  not  prove  dry  enough  in  any  of  the  evenings 
above  appointed,  the  exhibition  must  be  deferred  till  the  next  dry 
evening  after. 

N.  B.  Mr.  KINNERSLEY  has  room  in  his  house  to  accommodate  two 
more  young  boarders  for  the  college. 


On  Sunday  Morning,  at  Six  o'Clock,  died  here,  Dr.  RICHARD  BOND, 
aged  22  Years,  after  a  long  and  painful  Disease,  which  be  bore  with 
manly  Fortitude,  and  mild  Resignation.  .  .  .  From  the  Greatness 
of  his  Genius,  and  his  close  Application,  it  was  evident  that  he  would 
have  shone,  with  distinguished  Lustre,  in  the  difficult  and  important 
Profession  he  had  undertaken.  .  .  .  He  was  benevolent,  affable, 
polite,  and  felt,  with  nice  Sensibility,  all  the  gentlest  Emotions  of  the 
human  Heart.  .  .  .  These  amiable  Qualities  endeared  him  much  to 
every  Person,  with  whom  he  was  connected,  but  most  to  his  Parents: 
In  them  they  strengthened  the  Bonds  of  natural  Affection  during  his 
Life,  and  multiplied  each  Source  of  Grief  in  the  solemn  Moments  of  his 
Dissolution.  .  .  . 

0  Thou!  whose  Dispensations  all  adore, 
Dry  up  the  Tears  thy  Goodness  taught  to  flow; 
By  Thee  was  sent  that  Son  they  now  deplore, 
And  Thou,  great  Parent,  know'st  a  Parent's  Woe. 
His  Remains  were  Yesterday  interred  in  Christ-Church  Burying-ground, 
attended  by  the  most  respectable  Inhabitants  of  this  City. 


Dr.    THOMAS    BOND,    junior,    purveyor    of    the    general    hospital, 
presents  his  compliments  to  the  patriotic  and  humane  ladies  of  this  and 


Notes  and  Queries.  115 

the  neighbouring  states,  and  informs  them  the  hospitals  are  now  much 
in  want  of  lint  and  bandage;  and  having  lately  heard  of  their  great 
bounty  and  friendly  attention  to  the  American  soldiery,  in  a  most 
generous  subscription  for  them,  requests  a  further  continuance  of  their 
favours,  by  furnishing  him  with  a  quantity  of  old  linen  as  soon  as 
possible,  for  the  use  of  the  hospitals,  to  be  delivered  at  his  office  in 
Second-street,  and  at  the  hospitals  in  different  states.  The  doctor 
flatters  himself,  from  the  benevolent  and  active  spirit  shown  on  the 
late  occasion,  and  the  necessity  and  humanity  of  this  petition,  that 
he  shall  shortly  be  enabled  to  render  the  unfortunate  wounded  and  lame 
of  the  American  army  comfortable  and  happy,  and  be  amply  provided 
for  the  succeeding  campaign. 

The  printers  of  the  different  states  are  requested  to  insert  the  above 
in  their  news  papers. 

The  Committee  of  Assembly,  for  their  public  accounts,  wants  a  Clerk 
who  is  a  good  Accountant.    One  well  recommended  and  equal  to  the  task 
will  be  handsomly  rewarded. 
State  house,  Committee-Room, 
September  3d,  1779. 

To  the  INDEPENDENT  ELECTORS  of  the  City  and  County  of  PHILADELPHIA, 
GENTLEMEN, 

I  return  you  my  hearty  thanks  for  your  votes,  and  placing  me  on 
the  return  for  the  Sheriff's  Office,  of  the  last  general  election,  and  take 
this  usual  method  at  requesting  the  like  favor  at  the  ensuing  election, 
which  will  be  held  in  grateful  remembrance  by 

Your  most  obedient  servant, 

JAMES  CLAYPOOLE. 


To  be  SOLD  at  Private  Sale. 

That  elegant  HOUSE  and  LOT  in  Arch-street,  late  the  property  of 
Mr.  Samuel  Shoemaker,  at  present  occupied  by  John  Holker,  Esq;  For 
further  particulars  enquire  of  the  Printer. 


Philadelphia,  September  21,  1780. 

THE  DANCING  SCHOOL  in  Carter's  Alley  is  opened  for  the  ensuing 
season,  for  the  reception  of  Pupils  to  learn  that  polite  and  necessary  art. 
And  for  the  convenience  of  grown  Gentlemen,  an  EVENING  SCHOOL 
will  be  continued  the  whole  season,  by  the  Public's  most  humble  servant, 

WILLIAM  M'DOUGALL. 


By  His  EXCELLENCY 
JOSEPH  REED,  ESQUIRE, 

President,  and  the  Supreme  Executive  Council,  of  the 

Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania: 

A  PROCLAMATION. 

Whereas  the  honourable  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
by  their  resolve  of  the  eighteenth  day  of  October  last,  did  recommend  in 
the  following  words,  to  wit. 

"Whereas  it  hath  pleased  Almighty  God,  the  father  of  all  mercies, 
'amidst  the  vicisitudes  and  calamities  of  war,  to  bestow  blessings  on 
'the  people  of  these  states,  which  call  for  their  devout  and  thankful 
'  acknowledgements,  more  especially  in  the  late  remarkable  inter- 
'  position  of  his  watchful  providence,  in  rescuing  the  person  of  our 
'  Commander  in  Chief  and  the  Army  from  imminent  dangers,  at  the 


116  Notes  and  Queries. 

"moment  when  treason  was  ripened  for  execution;  in  prospering  the 
"  labours  of  the  husbandman,  and  causing  the  earth  to  yield  its  increase 
"in  plentiful  harvests;  and  above  all,  in  continuing  to  us  the  enjoyment 
"  of  the  gospel  of  peace : 

"It  is  therefore  recommended  to  the  several  states,  to  set  apart 
"Thursday  the  seventh  day  of  December  next,  to  be  observed  as  a  day 
'of  public  THANKSGIVING  AND  PRAYER;  that  all  the  people  may 
'  assemble  on  that  day,  to  celebrate  the  praises  of  our  Divine  Benefactor ; 
"to  confess  our  unworthiness  of  the  least  of  his  favours,  and  to  offer 
'  our  fervent  supplications  to  the  God  of  all  Grace,  that  it  may  please 
'  him  to  pardon  our  heinous  transgressions,  and  incline  our  hearts,  for 
'the  future,  to  keep  all  his  laws;  to  comfort  and  relieve  our  brethren 
'  who  are  any  wise  afflicted  or  distressed ;  to  smile  upon  our  husbandry 
'and  trade;  to  direct  our  public  councils,  and  lead  our  forces  by  land 
'and  sea  to  victory;  to  take  our  illustrious  Ally  under  his  special 
'  protection,  and  favour  our  joint  councils  and  exertions  for  the  estab- 
'  lishment  of  speedy  and  permanent  peace ;  to  cherish  all  schools  and 
"  seminaries  of  education,  and  to  cause  the  knowledge  of  Christianity  to 
"  spread  over  all  the  earth." 

WHEREFORE,  as  well  in  respect  of  the  said  recommendation  of 
Congress,  as  the  plain  dictates  of  duty,  to  acknowledge  the  favour  and 
goodness  of  Providence,  and  implore  its  further  protection;  We  do 
hereby  earnestly  recommend  to  the  good  people  of  Pennsylvania,  to  set 
apart  THURSDAY  the  seventh  day  of  December  next,  for  the  pious 
purposes  expressed  in  the  said  resolve,  and  that  they  abstain  from  all 
labour  on  that  day. 

Given,  by  order  of  the  council,  under  the  hand  of  his  excellency,  Joseph 
Reed,  esquire,  president,  and  the  seal  of  the  state,  at  Philadelphia, 
this  tenth  day  of  November,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand 
seven  hundred  and  eighty. 

JOSEPH  REED,  President. 
Attest. 
T.  MATLACK,  Secretary. 

GOD  SAVE  THE  COMMONWEALTH. 


Philadelphia,  November  24,  1780. 
THE  PROPRIETORS  OF  INDIANA, 

Are  requested  to  be  punctual   in  their  Meeting  at  the  Indian  queen 

tavern,  in  Fourth-street,  Philadelphia, 

On  Tuesday  the  Fifth  of  December  next, 

At  TEN  o'clock  in  the  Morning,  agreeable  to  Adjournment, 

GEORGE  MORGAN. 

LETTER  OF  HANNAH  PENN  TO  THOMAS  PENN;  original  in  the  Manu- 
script Division  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

London,  ye  25th  of  12  mo,  1715/16 
Dear  Child 

I  hope  this  will  find  you  all  &  the  dear  father  as  well,  as  I  left  him 
of  which  I  should  be  glad  to  hear,  I  wrote  him  an  account  of  my  getting 
up  by  Stephen,  and  also  wrot  an  account  of  my  Welfare  to  thy  Sister 
Penn  by  the  post  which  I  hope  Came  to  hand.  This  is  intended  to 
inform  thy  dear  father  that  I  am  pretty  well  and  give  my  dear  Love 
to  him  as  also  to  thy  Sister  Penn  &  Sister  Pegge  allso  to  Richard  and 
Dennis,  for  whom  I  would  have  sent  some  good  things  to-day  but  that 
Stephen  came  not  up  yesterday,  which  gave  the  disapoyntment.  But  I 
have  bought  a  qr  of  lamb  which  I  purpose  to  send  2d  Day  by  a  bath 
Coachman  if  I  can,  or  else  to  be  sure  by  Stephen  3d  Day.  No  letter  is 


Notes  and  Queries.  117 

come  from  you  to  night  as  yett,  but  I  hope  no  news  is  good,  but  should 
been  glad  to  know  ye  fellows  name  yt  undertook  the  things  for  Johne 
&  hope  Adam  wont  lett  me  Loose  it,  1  am  going  to  write  to  him,  and 
hope  thou  wrote  thy  letter  time  enough  for  him  by  the  Post 'that 
Morning  I  left  you.  Tell  thy  father  thy  Sister  Aubrey  is  well  &  so  is 
my  Sister  &  Cousin  Poole,  and  Cousin  John  rather  better,  the  younger 
folks  also  well  &  all  Salute  you  and  thy  dear  father  in  particular.  Lett 
him  know  I  am  in  hopes  I  may  do  some  business,  but  Cousin  Springett 
is  out  of  town  for  some  days. 

I  shall  now  lett  you  know  yt  two  of  the  Lords  were  beheaded  yes- 
terday, viz  Derintwater  &  Kenmure  a  third  made  his  Escape  the  Night 
before  as  tis  comonly  reported  in  the  Mayd  servants  or  some  Womans 
Dress.  The  other  three  are  repreaved  till  next  week.  These  2  were 
beheaded  on  Tower  Hill,  the  first  made  a  speech  the  other  none.  I  have 
now  since  the  other  side  receaved  thy  Sisters  letter  and  an  much  pleased 
to  hear  with  thy  fathers  Easyness  &  to  hear  of  all  your  health  and  will 
take  care  of  Johns  book  &  he  may  depend  on  its  being  returnd  with  or 
before  myselfe.  Give  my  dear  Love  to  thy  Sister  Penn  &  Pegge  &  thy 
brothers  also  to  John  &  the  Servants  &  tell  him,  John,  yt  I  desire  a 
play  day  for  Dennis,  &  whom  he  shall  desire  2d  Day  to  make  up  his 
other  disapoyntments.  I  would  have  thee  look  among  my  letters  in  thy 
fathers  Closett  and  send  me  by  Stephen  2d  or  4th  Day  any  letters  or 
answers  to  &  from  C.  Gookin  as  also  any  out  of  the  draw  in  my  Chamber 
from  among  the  other  papers  there,  and  thou  may  inquire  between 
this  and  next  week  if  any  Redingford  would  come  up  to  come  wth  them 
especially  if  the  Cow  has  not  Calved  for  till  then  I  would  not  have  adam 
Leave  home. 

I  have  not  more  now  to  say,  my  Nose  yt  has  been  pretty  well  being 
a  little  worse  to  Night  so  with  most  dear  Love  to  thy  father  in  the 
first  place  yn  to  thy  selfe  and  all  of  you  1  conclude  &  am 
Thy  affec.  Mother 

H.  Penn. 

My  love  to  the  family 

if  thou  come  bring  thy 

Thin  Coat  for  no 

Camlet  is  to  be  had 

for  tother.  Thy  sister  Aubrey  gives  her  duty  to  her  father  and  dear 
love  to  you  all. 

I  am  pretty  well. 

LETTER  FROM  GEN.   WILLIAM  IRVINE  TO  How.  JAMES   SEABLE,  ESQ., 

IN  CONGRESS. 
(In  the  collection  of  George  M.  Conarroe.) 

Camp  near  Morristown, 
Jany  23,  1780. 
Dear  Sir 

Though  I  have  not  the  pleasure  of  a  personal  acquaintance  with  you 
—yet  as  a  Deligate  of  the  State  to  which  I  belong— beg  to  inform  you 
that  I  have  this  day  wrote  to  the  President  of  Congress  relative  to  my 
claim  to  rank  of  General  Hand,  and  others — 

I  make  no  doubt  but  you  and  the  other  gentlemen  of  the  State  will 
use  your  influence  to  obtain  me  justice — 

The  pretended  difficulty— on  account  of  Col.  Magaw's  being  an  older 
officer  than  me  is  in  reality  nothing  at  all — I  always  commanded  Gen 
Hand — he  once  commanded  Magaw — therefore  the  fact  is  that  I  have 
on  every  principle  and  Rule  of  the  Army  a  right  still  to  command  him— 
If  Gen1  Hand  should  be  considered  as  belonging  to  Penna  then  there 
cannot  be  the  least  dispute  in  the  matter— but  even  should  be  nofr-he 
was  unduly  promoted.  I  think  Congress  must  see  the  propriety  of  my 


118  Notes  and  Queries. 

not  giving  way  to  be  commanded  by  him — Indeed  I  cannot,  nor  will 
not. 

If  Gen1  Hand  should  be  considered  by  Congress  as  a  Brigr  for  Penn' 
and  urged  at  the  same  time  that  the  State  has  a  compliment  of  Brig- 
adiers— consequently  if  Magaw  should  be  exchanged  and  wish  to  serve, 
it  will  be  said  there  is  no  room  for  him.  I  would  answer  to  this  that 
he  who  ought  to  be  Junior  Officer  should  be  the  one  left  out,  if  any — I 
shall  not  trouble  you  farther  with  my  opinion — as  I  suppose  you  will 
perhaps  have  already  investigated  the  merits  of  the  cause — I  should 
have  wrote  the  other  gentlemen  of  the  State,  but  do  not  know  which 
of  them  are  at  present  in  town — Shall  I  take  the  liberty  to  beg  of  you, 
sir,  to  make  an  apology  for  me  to  them — 

I  expect  leave  of  absence  in  the  course  of  a  week  when  I  will  go  to 
my  family  at  Carlisle — if  you  can  find  a  leisure  moment  to  drop  me  a 
line  to  that  place  I  will  esteem  it  a  very  particular  favor — 
I  am  Dr  Sir, 

Your  most  obedient  Servant, 

Wm  Irvine. 

P.  S. — His  Excellency  Governor  Reed  can,  and  I  am  sure  will  with 
cheerfullness  give  every  necessary  information  in  this  matter — Col: 
Magaw  and  me  will  have  no  dispute — but  he  informs  me  that  should 
he  again  come  into  Service,  he  will  never  give  up  to  Hand — tho  I  think 
he  seems  rather  undetermined  whether  he  will  Serve  if  exchanged — 
indeed  I  do  not  think  probable  that  an  exchange  will  take  place  for 
some  time. 

CATHERINE  MABY  MEADE. — The  following  is  inscribed  on  a  marble 
mural  tablet  on  the  west  wall  in  the  Church  of  St.  Boltolph,  Aldersgate 
Street,  Without,  London: 

In  the  Vault  of  this  Church 

are  deposited  the  Remains  of 

Mifs  CATHE  MABY  MEADE, 

Daughter  of  Geo:   Meade  Efqp 

of  Philadelphia,  North  America, 

who   departed  this  Life 
the  18th  day  of  Jan'y  1790; 
in  the  218t  Year  of  her  Age. 
Transferred  from  Pennsylvania's  friendly  coast, 
A  Fathers  Blefsing  and  a  Mothers  boast; 
On  Albions  Sea-girt  Shore,  an  early  fate, 
Postponed  each  transport  to  a  future  state: 
Death  raised  a  barrier  to  each  tender  scene, 
More  fatal  than  the  Waves  that  roll  between. 
The  registers  of  the  Church  contain  this  entry: 
Burials  in  January  1790  *** 

lAged  I 
20  |  Catherine  Mary  Mead        Vault  [  21 

London,  1914.  Theodore  Glentworth,  3rd 

OLD  PINE  GREEK  GRAVE  YARD,  located  near  Jersey  Shore,  Pennsylvania, 
and  known  originally  as  "Davidson's  Burying  Ground,"  the  gift  of  Dr. 
James  Davidson,  a  surgeon  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  contains  the 
graves  of  the  following  soldiers  who  served  in  the  army  during  that 
struggle. 

Major  James  Campbell,  b.  1730,  d.  1817. 

Dr.  James  Davidson,  died  January  16,  1825,  aged  75  years. 

William  Custard,  b.  1758,  d.  1830. 

John  Quigley,  died  April  3,  1850,  aged  86  years,  6  mo.,  15  days. 


Notes  and  Queries.  119 

In  memory  of  Robert  Hamilton,  who  died  June  9,  1849,  in  his  82d 
year. 

In  memory  of  John  Jackson,  who  d.  July  27,  1823,  in  the  92d  year 
of  his  age. 

In  memory  of  Patrick  Hayes,  d.  April  16,  1813,  aged  72  years. 

Sacred  to  the  memory  of  Thomas.  Nichols,  who  departed  this  life 
on  the  3rd.  Feb.  1830,  in  the  95  year  of  his  age. 

Richard  Martin,  b.  1760,  d.  1836. 

Thomas  Martin,  b.  1757,  d.  1829. 

Col.  Hugh  White,  b.  1737,  d.  1822. 

Here  lies  the  body  of  John  Pfouts,  d.  June  13,  1813,  aged  73  years. 

RECORDS  FROM  BIBLE  or  LIEUTENANT  ABTHUB  E.  MUBPHY.  Bible 
printed  at  Oxford,  1737,  by  John  Baskett. 

The  Property  of  Arthur  E.  Murphy  by  his  affectionate  aunt  Mrs  Mary 
Wheaton  June  3d.  1843. 

Son  of  Arthur  Murphy  and  Kuhamah  Estell. 

Grandson  of  Arthur  Murphy  and  Caroline. 

Great-grandson  of  Arthur  Murphy. 

Great-great-grandson  of  Arthur  and  Hannah  Murphy. 

Lieutenant  Arthur  E.  Murphy,  acting  Adjutant  of  Rush's  Lancers. 
Killed  at  Cold  Harbor. 

Arthur  E.  Murphy  and  parents  and  rest  of  family  (Murphy)  buried 
at  Ronaldson's,  9th  and  Bainbridge.  Last  buried  Elizabeth  J.  sister  of 
Lieutenant  Arthur  E.  Murphy. 

John  Murphy  Son  of  Arthur  &  Hannah  Murphy  was  Born  June  y* 
17th  Anno  Domini  1726. 

James  Murphy  Son  of  Arthur  &  Hannah  Murphy  was  Born  February 
y«  !•«  Anno  Domini  1728. 

Joseph  Murphy  Son  of  Arthur  &  Hannah  Murphy  was  Born  February 
y*  28tto  Anno  Domini  1731/2. 

Michael  Murphy  the  son  of  James  &  Priscilla  Murphy  his  Wife  was 
Born  March  y«  28tb  1737. 

Arthur  Murphy  Departed  this  life  July  y"  25.  1757 

Mary  Murphy  Departed  this  life  August  22d  1764. 

Queries. 

MOSEB; — KLEIN; — BRINKEB; — HENBY  FAMILY  CONNECTIONS. 

MOSER: — John  Moser,  son  of  Christian  Moser,  married  Mary  Cath- 
arine Klein,  daughter  of  John  Klein.  John  and  Mary  Catharine  (Klein) 
Moser  had  the  following  children  (who  were  all  baptized  by  the  Rev. 
Jacob  Van  Buskerck  at  the  "Lehigh  Church,"  near  Alburtis,  Pa.) : — 
Elizabeth,  b.  Aug.  10,  1778.  Louisa,  b.  Sept.  18,  1779,  d.  Nov.  18,  1865, 
married  Capt.  Abraham  Brinker.  John  J.,  b.  Sept.  10,  1780.  Michael, 
baptized  Aug.  4,  1782.  Mary,  b.  June  18,  1786. 

BRINKER:— -Capt.  Abraham  Brinker,  a  native  of  Northampton  Col., 
Pa.,  moved  to  Westmoreland  Co.,  and  in  1804  to  Butler,  where  he  built 
"The  Mansion  House."  In  1809  he  sold  it  to  Jacob  Mechling,  and 
bought  a  tract  of  land  on  Bonny  Brook,  in  what  is  now  Summit  town- 
ship, and  erected  there  a  grist  and  carding  mill,  together  with  a  dis- 
tillery. He  was  captain  of  a  company  under  Col.  John  Purviance,  at 
Erie,  in  the  war  of  1812. 

Capt.  Abraham  Brinker  married  Louisa  Moser  (see  above),  and  had 
the  following  children: — Jacob,  b.  Jan.  1,  1796,  d.  July  4,  1853,  married 
Oct.  23,  1827,  Sarah  Graham.  Catharine,  b.  1797,  m.  William  McCand- 
less.  Polly,  b.  1799,  d.  Feb.  19,  1842,  m.  Adam  Henry.  Susan,  b.  1801, 

d. m.  Peter  Henry,  Jr.  John.  b.  Oct.  28,  1803,  d.  Nov.  20,  1884, 

m.  April  20,  1824,  Betsy  Henry.  Eliza,  b.  1808,  d.  Aug.  9,  1887,  m. 


120  Notes  and  Queries. 

1837,  Chas.  Prosser.  Louisa,  b.  1811,  d.  Feb.  5,  1855,  m.  James  Mc- 
Glaughlin.  Sarah,  b.  Oct.  9,  1812,  d.  Mar.  13,  1881,  m.  June  30,  1835, 
Jacob  Ziegler.  Henry,  b.  Apr.  15,  1815,  d.  1845,  m.  1837,  Jane  Gallagher. 
Margaret,  b.  July  4,  1817,  d.  1822.  Amy  M.,  b.  Sept.  27,  1820,  d.  Feb. 
7,  1857,  m.  Aug.  4,  1840,  William  Richey. 

HENRY: — Peter  Henry,  son  of  Frederick  Henry,  a  native  of  Ger- 
many, was  born  in  Westmoreland  Co.,  Pa.,  in  1764.  According  to  family 
tradition,  when  Peter  was  14  years  old,  their  home,  six  miles  from 
Greensburg,  was  attacked  by  a  band  of  marauding  Indians,  and  his 
mother  and  the  two  youngest  children  were  killed.  Peter  and  two 
younger  children  were  taken  prisoners  by  the  savages,  but  they  had 
proceeded  only  a  short  distance  when  the  youngest  child  began  to  cry 
and  was  immediately  tomahawked.  The  Indians  carried  Peter  and  his 
sister  to  the  point  since  known  as  Brady's  Bend,  where  they  went  into 
camp.  The  redoubtable  Capt.  Brady,  at  the  head  of  a  party  of  scouts, 
had  followed  the  savages,  attacked  them  in  the  night  while  they  slept, 
and  only  one  of  the  band  escaped.  Brady  took  the  children  to  Fort 
Pitt  and  subsequently  delivered  them  safe  to  their  father.  In  1798 
Peter  bought  a  tract  of  320  acres  in  what  is  now  Summit  township, 
Butler  Co.,  and  built  a  cabin  in  the  midst  of  the  forest.  He  brought 
his  family  to  his  new  home  in  1800,  and  resided  there  until  his  death 
in  1852,  aged  88  years;  his  wife,  Margaret  Home,  died  in  1832. 

Peter  Henry,  son  of  Frederick  Henry,  born  1764,  died  1852,  married 
Margaret  Home,  who  died  in  1832.  They  had  the  following  children: — 
Elizabeth,  b.  Sept.  28,  1808,  d.  Apr.  1,  1883,  m.  Apr.  20,  1824,  John 
Brinker.  Mary  m.  Henry  Coyle.  Peter  m.  Susan  Brinker  (see  above). 
Adam  m.  Polly  Brinker  (see  above).  John,  Joseph,  Frederick,  William. 

John  Brinker,  son  of  Capt.  Abraham  and  Louisa  (Moser)  Brinker, 
who  married  Betsy  Henry,  daughter  of  Peter  and  Margaret  (Home) 
Henry,  had  the  following  children: — Margaret,  b.  Feb.  2,  1826,  d.  Sept. 
1,  1874.  Louisa,  b.  Dec.  5,  1828,  d.  July  10,  1896,  married  Sept.  3,  1848, 
Andrew  Jackson  Haws.  Henry,  b.  1830;  Mary,  b.  183L;  Rebecca,  b. 
1833;  Stephen,  b.  Oct.  31,  1836,  (living)  ;  Columbus,  b.  Jan.  1,  1839,  d. 
July  10,  1910;  Joseph,  b.  Mar.  13,  1841,  d.  Dec.  5,  1910;  Simon,  b.  Dec. 
21,  1845;  Carson  B.,  b.  June  21,  1849  (living)  ;  William,  b.  1847;  Amy, 
b.  1851. 

Any  information  concerning  Christian  Moser,  John  Klein,  the  parents 
of  Capt.  Abraham  Brinker,  Frederick  Henry,  and  Margaret  Home,  wife 
of  Peter  Henry,  is  requested  by  Herbert  Morris,  6400  Overbrook  Avenue, 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

CATHARINE  HUFF  (or  Hoff)  was  born  about  1779.  Her  parents 
were  from  Holland  and  one  of  her  nephews  was  Rear  Admiral  Henry 
Kuhn  Hoff  of  Lancaster,  Pa.  About  1799  she  married  William  McKain 
(also  spelled  McCain,  McKane  and  McKean).  They  lived  in  Chester 
county,  Pa.,  until  the  second  war  with  England,  when  they  moved  to 
Lancaster,  Pa.  They  were  at  Lancaster  but  a  short  time  and  moved 
to  Marietta,  Pa.,  where  they  established  a  permanent  home.  Mr. 
McKain  died  away  from  home  sometime  after  1822  and  most  of  the 
children  went  West,  several  of  them  to  Pittsburgh.  They  had  11  or 
more  children.  It  is  possible  that  their  son  John  may  have  come 
between  James  and  Joseph  and  died  young,  and  that  the  first  son  who 
was  born  in  1800  and  died  when  James  was  just  old  enough  to  remember 
it,  may  have  had  some  other  name,  making  12  children  in  all. 

John  McKain,  born  about  1800  in  Chester  county,  Pa.,  and  died  about 
1808. 

James  McKain,  born  24  April,  1801,  hatter  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Joseph  McKain. 

Jane  McKain. 


Notes  and  Queries. 


121 


Christy  Ann  McKain,  married  Ben  Mackley. 

Samuel  McKain. 

Hannah  McKain. 

William  McKain. 

Abraham  McKain. 

John  Jacob  McKain,  born  28  Feb.,  1822,  hatter  of  Pittsburgh. 

Mary  McKain,  twin  of  John  Jacob,  married  Joseph  H.  Mumma  miller 
of  Marietta,  Pa. 

Sometime  after  Mr.  McKain's  death,  the  widow,  Catharine  (Huff) 
McKain,  married  Mr.  Jamieson  (pronounced  Jimson)  of  Marietta,  who 
died  a  few  years  later.  The  widow  was  an  active  member  of  the 
Methodist  church  at  Marietta  until  her  death,  which  was  after  1850. 

Can  anyone  give  the  Huff  or  McKain  ancestors  or  any  other  infor- 
mation. G.  S.  Walker. 

DE  KLYN — VAN  ZANDT — Barnt  De  Klyn,  born  ("in  Boston,"  his 
monument  says,  but  was  it  Boston?)  Oct.  31,  1745,  married  (license, 
N.  Y.  Province,  April  9,  1768)  to  Mary  Van  Zandt,  born  ("in  New 
York,"  monument  says)  Jan.  29,  1749.  Barnt  was  "Merchant  of  Phila- 
delphia" for  a  while.  Who  were  the  parents  of  Barnt  and  Mary?  Is 
there  any  unpublished  De  Klyn  data? 

The  name  De  Klyn  (spelled  variously  Deklyn,  De  Klyne,  Deklyne, 
De  Kleyn,  Dekline,  Dekly  (once),  Deklin,  De  Cline,  Decline,  Declin, 
Deckline  and  Decklyn)  appears  at  various  times  since  1773  in  the 
City  and  County  of  Philadelphia.  Can  anyone  tell  me  about  this 
family  ? 

Richard  Webber. 

30  Hamilton  Ave.,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

GBAVENBOD  OR  GBAVENBEAT. — "Samuel  Beedle,  attorney  for  Catherine 
Gravenrod,  having  taken  possession  and  livery  for  all  Bohemia  Manor, 
or  part  thereof  in  the  name  of  the  whole,  for  Catherine  Gravenrod,  did 
deliver  the  same  to  Joseph  Ensor,  on  the  27th  day  of  February,  1767." 
Johnston's  History  of  Cecil  County,  p.  182. 

Catherine  Gravenrod  (Gravenreat)  was  the  daughter  of  Andrew  and 
Margaret  Gravenreat.  Margaret  Gravenreat  was  the  daughter  or  grand- 
daughter of Herman.  Wanted,  the  record  of  her  parents. 

GRADUATES  OF  THE  PENNSYLVANIA  STATE  COLLEGE. — 

Biographical  information  is  requested  of  the  following  graduates 
of  the  Pennsylvania  State  College,  who  are  registered  from  Philadelphia. 
Information  *  may  be  sent  to  Prof.  G.  G.  Pond,  State  College  P.  0., 
Penna. : 


Allison,  John  M.  1863-64-65 

Burton,  George  W.  1860 

Caufman,  Eugene  L.  1860 

*Crompton,  B.  L.  1860 

Cummings,  W.  A.  1859 

*Dowling,  William  J.  1861-62 

Dubs,  Thomas  S.  1859 

Enos,  H.  B.  1862 

*Etting,  Charles  E.  1860 

Died  in  1910. 

*Fisher,  Alfred  J.  1860-61-62 

*Gillespie,  Charles  H.  1862-63 

Griffith,  J.  H.  1860 

Herr,  Frank  H.  H.  1862 

Jeffries,  James  1860 

*McClintock,  John  1861-62 


Magee,  William  S.  1862 

Marter,  Frank  T.  1860-61 

Martin,  J.  Montgomery  1860-61 

*Mecke,  William  J.  1862-63 

Matthews,  William  G.  1863-64 

Robinson,  William  L.  1860 

*Shuster,  John  B.  1862-63 

Spear,  J.  N.  1864 
*Triebels,  Edward  Gordon        1859 

*Watson,  James  1859 

*West,  Henry  Clay  1859 

Webb,  J.  B.  1863 
Wilcox,  Joseph  B.            1864-65-66 

Wilcox,  William  D.  1864 

Wood,  John  F.  1863-64 

*Yarrow,  E.  P.  1862-63 


*The  starred  names  are  deceased. 


122 


Notes  and  Queries. 


MEDICAL  GRADUATES  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. — 

Biographical  information  is  asked  or  the  source  whence  it  can  be  had, 
of  the  following  medical  graduates  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
for  the  Alumni  Catalogue  now  preparing.  Information  may  be  sent 
to  Ewing  Jordan,  M.D.,  1510  Walnut  St.,  Philadelphia,  Penna.: 


CLASS  OF  1836. 

Atkinson,  Joseph  N.  Va. 

Bailey,  William  M.  S.  C. 

Baker,  George  Richard  Del. 

Banks,  George  G.  Va. 

Barclay,  John  O'Conner  Pa. 

Bean,  Addison  Ga. 

Bedford,  Charles  R.  Ala. 

Boulware,  William  P.  Va. 

Boyer,  Valentine  A.  111. 

Boykin,  Anthony  Godwin  Va. 

Brown,  John  H.  Va. 

Browne,  Raleigh  T.,  Jr.,  Va. 

Burton,  Selden  M.  Va. 

Butler,  John  Bracken  Va. 

Gary,  Samuel  B.  Va. 

Cauthorn,  Richard  S.  Va. 

Chase,  Heber  N.  H. 

Couch,  Charles  Fox  Va. 

Craighead,  Joseph  Erwin  Tenn. 
Dandridge,  Charles  Foun- 

taine  Va. 

Dashiell,  Luther  Fairfax  Ky. 

Davis,  Joseph  Austin  La. 

Dorn,  Densley  S.  C. 

Dubs,  Samuel  Richard  Pa. 

Everett,  Charles  D.  Va. 

Foster,  Archibald  T.  Va. 

Frisby,  Asa  Miss. 

Gholson,  Robert  A.  Va. 

Gilliams,  Lewis  S.  Pa. 

Gorham,  Daniel  B.  La. 

Hamersly,  Sylvanus  S.  Pa. 

Harris,  Bennett  Ga. 

Hatch,  Benjamin  L.  Miss. 

Hooke,  William  Butler  Miss. 

Hope,  William  Pa. 

Hulme,  D.  Franklin  England 

Jeffreys,  Jacob  H.  N.  C. 

Johnson,  Daniel  Earl  N.  C. 

Jump,  Isaac  Del. 

Kilgore,  William  La. 

Kurtz,  Jacob  H.  Pa. 

Kyle,  Harvey  Va. 

Lafferty,  William  L.  Pa. 

Lawrence,  Enoch  C.  Ga. 
Lindoe,  Robert  F.                England 

Lindsey,  Caleb  Ala. 

Ludwig,  Charles  A.  Pa. 

McCaull,  James  Va. 

Mackey,  Alexander  L.  D.  C. 

Manning,  George  Felix  Ala. 


Martin,  William  Va. 
Miller,  Samuel  Va. 
Morehead,  Bushrod  Wash- 
ington Ky. 
Nichols,  George  Henry  Me. 
Norfleet,  William  Blount  Tenn. 
Parrish,  Robert  G.  Va. 
Pena,  Auxencio  Maria     Venezuela 
Pettit,  John  Pa. 
Philips,  Ethelred  Fla. 
Pitts,  James  M.  S.  C. 
Pope,  Cullen  J.  Ga. 
Powell,  Albert  Va. 
Rankin,   Archibald  Pa. 
Reid,  William  S.  Tenn. 
Robinson,  Robert  Emmet  Va. 
Rowand,  John  Randolph  Pa. 
Scruggs,  Vincent  V.  Va. 
Simpson,  Josiah  N.  J. 
Swann,  George  Francis  Va. 
Tappan,  Benjamin,  Jr.  Ohio 
Taul,  Jesse  C.  Ky. 
Terrell,  Edward  B.  Ga. 
Terrell,  Solomn  R.  Miss. 
Thweatt,  John  James  Va. 
Walker,  Joseph                  Bermuda 
Wallace,  Robert  M.  Md. 
Ward,  William  W.  N.  C. 
Wilson,  John  T.  Va. 
Wolf,  Bennet  A.  Pa. 
Wood,  Richard  Va. 
Wootten,  Hardy  V.  Ga. 
Wormeley,  Carter  W.  Va. 
Young,  William  Ireland 

CLASS  OF  1837. 

Abbott,  Samuel  M.  N.  Y. 

Albertson,  Edmund  Ind. 

Allen,  Stephen  D.  N.  Y. 

Allison,  Joseph  Johnson  Pa. 

Anderson,  John  C.  S.  C. 

Anderson,  Joseph  M.  Tenn. 

Bagley,  Robert  S.  Va. 

Bailey,  John  H.  Va. 

Baldwin,  William  F.  Ala. 

Bass,  Isham  E.  Va. 

Manding,  Peter  John  Del. 

Bicknell,  Rufus  Conn. 

Blunt,  Benjamin  B.  Va. 

Brady,  Thomas  Pa. 

Brinker,  George  M.  Va. 

Brocchus,  Benjamin  M.  D.  C. 


Notes  and  Queries. 


123 


Brown,  Granville  L. 
Brown,  Thomas  H. 
Bryan,  Daniel  L. 
Buffington,  Lee  W. 
Burnley,  William  R. 
Casey,  William  Bryan 
Chew,  Philemon 
Chisholm,  James  G. 
Clinton,  Thomas  G. 
Connell,  Alfred  B. 
Crowe,  Robert  Fulton, 


Va. 
N.C. 
S.C. 
Pa. 
Va. 
N.Y. 
Miss. 
Ala. 
Va. 
Ala. 
Nova  Scotia 


Cunnington,  William  P.     England 
Daniel,  John 

Henry  Moncure  Va. 

Davis,  Armistead,  B.  C.  Ky. 

Dickeson,  Thomas  P.  N.  J. 

Dillon,  Alexander  S.  Va. 

Draper,  Abijah  Weld  Mass. 

Dunbar,   Joseph  Miss. 

Edgar,  Samuel  D.  Tenn. 

Edwards,  Albert  S.  Va. 

Edwards,  William  H.  Tenn. 

Fondey,  John  N.Y. 

Frink,  Lorenzo  N.  C. 

Funsten,  Oliver  R.  Va. 

Gilliam,  Joseph  S.  Va. 

Glass,  James  S.  Miss. 

Graff,  Frederick  Pa. 

Grant,  Edward  Ingleton  N.  J. 

Griffin,  John  Strother  Ky. 

Haile,  Thomas  Lee  La. 

Hamm,  Strothers  J.  Va. 

Hanks,  John  Albert  N.  C. 

Hardison,  Handy  N.  C. 

Harrison,  William  J.  Va. 

Hastie,  J.  Hamilton  Ala. 
Hazeltine,  Moses  Greenleaf    N.  H. 

Hendrick,  John  B.  Ga. 

Hester,  Abner  Tenn. 

Hill,  Herbert  W.  Miss. 

Holt,  Michael  William  N.  C. 

Hoskins,  James  H.  N.  C. 

Howard,  Henry  Md. 

Hunter,  William  Va. 

Ivey,  Stokes  P.  Ga. 

Jacoby,  Edward  Pa. 

Johnston,  Walter  E.  S.C. 

Jones,  James  R.  Ala. 

Jones,  Jerome  Bonaparte  N.  C. 
Kennedy,  Alfred  Worsley     Ky. 

Knight,  Isaac  D.  Pa. 

Knox,  Franklin  Mass. 


Lanier,  Camillus  V.  Va. 

Leavitt,  Martin  G.  Va. 

Lilly,  Samuel  N.  J. 

Locke,  John  Va. 

Lockwood,  Henry  Clay  Conn. 

Ludlam,  Jacob  W.  N.  J. 

McDearmon,  John  R.  Va. 

McMillan,  Robert  S.  C. 

McNeill,  John  C.  Ala. 

Macoughtry,  William  0.  Va. 

Mar  able,  Benjamin  Tenn. 

Marshall,  Robert  T.  Va. 

Miller,  Gurdon  J.  Ga. 
Millner,  Hannibal  Napoleon  Va. 

Morgan,  George  Jackson  La. 

Mounger,  William  H.  Ala. 

Muller,  Gerhard  S.  C. 

Peckham,  Elijah  G.  N.Y. 

Perkins,  John  Quincy  N.  C. 

Peters,  George  B.  Tenn. 

Pollard,  George  William  Va. 

Reynolds,  James  Ala. 

Ricaud,  Lawrence  M.  Md. 

Ritchie,  Robert  R.  Va. 

Rochelle,  James  H.  S.  C. 

Ryan,  Bernard  La. 

Saltmarsh,  Seth  Pa. 

Satterfield,  James  L.  N.C. 

Saunders,  Henry  Ga. 

Shelby,  John  L.  Ga. 
Smith,  Charles  Dickinson      N.  Y. 

Smith,  James  B.  Ga. 

Smith,  William  B.  Va. 
Stewart,  Ferdinand 

Campbell  Va. 

Swaby,  Thomas  H.  Pa. 

Tenney,  Isaac  P.  D.  C. 

Thomason,  Joshua  A.  Ala. 
Thornton,  George 

Washington  Va. 
Thornton,  Rootes  Bankhead  Va. 

Thornton,  William  H.  Ga. 

Thorp,  Joseph  B.  Ga. 

Trudeau,  James  La. 

Tucker,  David  Hunter  Va. 

Tufts,  Johnson  B.  Ga. 

Vaughan,  Egbert  G.  Va. 

Wagener,  Jacob  B.  Pa. 
Wilson,  Goodridge 

Alexander  Va. 

Wright,  Edward  L.  Va. 
Young,  Benjamin  Franklin  Tenn. 


124  Notes  and  Queries. 

JBoofc  Kloticed. 

PENNSYLVANIA — THE  KEYSTONE.  A  SHOET  HISTORY.  By  Samuel 
Whitaker  Pennypacker.  Philadelphia,  1914.  12mo,  316  pp.,  with  133 
illustrations.  Published  by  the  Christopher  Sower  Co.  Price  $1.00. 

The  purpose  of  this  work  is  to  place  within  easy  reach  of  the  public  an 
outline  history  of  Pennsylvania,  from  the  first  settlement  to  the  present 
time,  and  it  is  fortunate  that  it  has  been  written  by  that  most  loyal 
of  Pennsylvanians,  former  Governor  Pennypacker.  His  work  is  marked 
as  much  by  sound  historical  knowledge  of  the  great  achievements  of  the 
State  as  by  his  power  of  their  clear  and  logical  presentation,  the  result 
of  many  years  of  original  research.  He  makes  clear  the  causes  which 
led  to  the  settlement  of  Pennsylvania;  explains  the  high-minded  pur- 
poses of  her  founder;  traces  the  movements  of  the  Dutch,  Swedes,  Eng- 
lish, Welsh,  Germans,  French-Huguenots  and  Scotch-Irish  who  settled 
on  her  soil,  and  shows  what  they  accomplished  religiously,  educationally, 
politically,  industrially,  in  agriculture,  commerce,  science,  art,  in  war 
by  land  and  sea,  in  finance,  in  manufactures,  and  in  literature;  and 
also  shows  how  often  they  blazed  a  path  for  the  nation  to  follow,  how 
they  saved  the  nation  in  time  of  trial,  extended  it  in  time  of  peace,  and 
fortified  it  at  all  times.  Governor  Pennypacker  corrects  some  influences 
of  sectional  education  that  are  ignorantly  unintentional  or  openly  hostile 
and  harmful  to  Pennsylvania  and  a  misconception  of  American  history. 
Among  others  he  calls  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  Bostonians  adopted 
word  for  word  the  earlier  Philadelphia  resolutions  against  the  tax  on 
tea;  that  Washington's  public  career  was  mainly  passed  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, that  the  greatest  battlefields  from  the  time  of  the  Revolution  to 
the  Civil  War  were  within  her  borders,  that  General  Meade  saved  the 
Union  at  Gettysburg,  and  that  Robert  Morris,  Stephen  Girard,  Edward 
W.  Clark  and  Jay  Cooke  financed  all  the  nation's  important  wars.  The 
first  medical  school,  the  first  law  school,  the  first  hospital,  the  first 
subscription  library,  the  first  turnpike,  the  first  art  academy  in  America, 
were  Pennsylvania  institutions,  and  that  Bartram,  Leidy  and  Cope  were 
among  the  world's  greatest  scientists. 

Governor  Pennypacker  has  infused  into  his  work  a  spirit  that  inspires 
enthusiasm,  and  there  is  no  citizen  of  Pennsylvania  who  would  not  be 
the  wiser  for  reading  his  history,  for  it  will  stimulate  pride  and  a  deeper 
interest  in  the  part  the  State  has  had  in  the  making  of  the  Nation. 

THE  MISSISSIPPI  VALLEY  HISTORICAL  REVIEW.  Vol.  I,  No.  1,  June, 
1914.  Prof.  Clarence  W.  Alvord,  Managing  Editor. 

The  Mississippi  Valley  Historical  Association,  in  addition  to  annually 
publishing  a  volume  of  Proceedings,  has  undertaken  the  publication  of 
the  Review,  a  quarterly  under  the  editorial  supervision  of  Prof.  Clarence 
W.  Alvord  and  a  board  of  eight  editors.  Table  of  Contents:  The  United 
States  and  Mexico,  1835-1837,  by  Dr.  Eugene  C.  Barker,  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Texas ;  Review  of  McMaster's  History  of  the  People  of  the  United 
States,  by  Dr.  Carl  R.  Fish,  University  of  Wisconsin;  Historical  Ac- 
tivities in  the  old  Northwest  and  Eastern  Canada,  1913-1914,  by  Dr. 
Solon  J.  Buck,  University  of  Illinois;  Louisana  as  a  Factor  in  Ameri- 
can Diplomacy,  1795-1800,  by  Dr.  J.  A.  James,  Northwestern  University. 
Subscription,  $3.00  per  year,  should  be  sent  to  Clarence  S.  Paine, 
Secretary-Treasurer,  Lincoln,  Nebraska. 

GEORGE  III  AND  CHARLES  Fox.  By  the  Right  Honorable  Sir  George 
O.  Trevelyan.  The  Messrs.  Longmans,  Green  &  Co.  announce  that  the 
second  and  final  volume  of  this  work  is  in  preparation  and  will  shortly 
appear.  It  brings  to  a  close  the  series  of  six  volumes,  of  which  the 


Notes  and  Queries.  125 

first  four  are  entitled  "The  American  Revolution."  The  forthcoming 
volume  contains  a  narrative  of  the  events  in  England  and  on  the 
continent  of  Europe,  which  had  a  bearing  upon  the  struggle  in  America, 
and  it  tells  the  story  of  Gen.  Nathaniel  Greene  and  the  war  in  the 
Carolinas,  of  Dr.  Franklin  and  John  Adams  in  Paris,  and  the  campaign 
of  Yorktown. 

FIRE  MARKS  OF  AMERICAN  FIRE  INSURANCE  COMPANIES.  By  Harrold 
E.  Gillingham.  Philadelphia,  1914.  8vo,  pp.  40.  Illustrated. 

Strange  as  it  may  seem,  that  of  the  many  fire  insurance  companies 
organized  in  the  United  States,  there  are  but  seven  in  existence  now 
which  were  organized  prior  to  1800;  and  four  of  these  are  in  Phila- 
delphia, viz. 

The  Philadelphia  Contributionship  for  the  Insurance  of  Houses  by  Fire 
(purely  mutual),  organized  April  13,  1752.  In  1781  this  company 
resolved  not  to  insure  or  reinsure  houses  before  which  trees  were  planted. 
This,  however,  was  changed  in  1810,  and  houses  with  trees  before  them 
were  accepted.  The  company  has  long  been  familiarly  known  as  the 
"Hand  in  Hand,"  from  its  Fire  Mark  of  four  hands  united. 

The  Mutual  Assurance  Company  for  Insuring  Houses  from  loss  by 
fire  within  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  organized  October  21,  1784,  in 
part  through  the  dissatisfaction  among  insurers  from  the  action  of  the 
Contributionship,  with  regard  to  insuring  houses  with  trees  before  them. 
The  Fire  Mark  of  the  company  is  a  green  tree  cast  in  lead  and  mounted 
on  a  wooden  shield. 

The  North  America,  organized  in  1792,  and  chartered  as  a  stock 
company  April  14,  1794.  It  is  probably  the  oldest  stock  insurance 
company  in  the  United  States.  The  company  has  had  two  Fire  Marks: 
that  adopted  in  1794,  "a  wavy  star  of  six  points,"  cast  In  lead  and 
mounted  on  wood.  In  1796«a  new  badge  was  approved:  oval  in  shape, 
"an  eagle  rising  from  a  cloud,"  all  in  gilt. 

The  Insurance  Company  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  of  Philadelphia 
was  chartered  April  18,  1794.  This  company  is  not  known  to  have 
used  a  Fire  Mark.  Mr.  Gillingham  has  collected  much  interesting  and 
valuable  data  on  Fire  Marks,  which,  with  the  illustrations,  makes  an 
attractive  and  handy  book  of  reference. 

TOPOGRAPHIC  AND  GEOLOGIC  SURVEY  COMMISSION  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 
REPORT  No.  10.  1913.  With  maps  and  illustrations. 

This  is  a  survey  of  the  Broad  Top  coal  field  by  Dr.  James  H.  Gardner, 
which  coal  field  located  in  the  counties  of  Bedford,  Fulton  and  Hunting- 
don, is  totally  isolated  from  all  other  coal  fields,  and  lying  between 
the  anthracite  and  bituminous  basins,  the  character  of  the  coal  is  known 
as  semi-bituminous.  The  object  of  this  report  is  to  supply  a  demand 
by  the  public  for  more  detailed  and  authentic  information  regarding 
its  extent,  its  value,  its  development,  and  more  especially  the  possibilities 
it  offers  as  a  future  coal  supply.  It  is  not  definitely  known  when  local 
mining  first  began  in  the  Broad  Top  fields.  One  tradition  is,  that 
certain  Tories  during  the  Revolution  took  up  their  abode  in  the  region 
and  were  the  first  to  make  use  of  coal  in  that  field.  It  is  known  however 
that  some  years  prior  to  1800  coal  was  mined  in  a  small  way  locally. 

GENEALOGY  OF  THE  VIRGINIA  FAMILY  OF  LOMAX.  Chicago,  1913. 
Rand,  McNally  &  Co.  4to,  pp.  79.  Illustrated.  Price  in  cloth,  $7.00. 

The  genealogy  of  the  Lomax  family  will  interest  many  persons  claim- 
ing a  Virginia  ancestry.  It  contains  data  a  large  part  of  which  has 
been  gathered  from  original  records,  and  never  before  printed.  Among 
the  family  connections  are  included  the  Lunsford,  Wormerley,  Micou, 
Roy,  Corbin,  Eltonhead,  Tayloe,  Plater,  Addison,  Tasker,  Burford, 


126  Notes  and  Queries. 

Wilkinson,  Griffin,  Gwynor,  Lindsay,  Payne,  Presley,  Thornton,  Savage, 
Wellford,  Randolph,  Isham,  and  Gates.  The  illustrations  comprise  re- 
productions of  family  portraits  and  coats  of  arms. 

PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  JEWISH  HISTOBICAL  SOCIETY  NUMBER 
22.  1914.  8vo,  pp.  xxxvii  286.  Illustrated. 

The  publications  of  this  society,  rich  in  historical  material,  admirably 
selected  by  the  Committee  on  Publications  from  the  contributions  of 
its  members,  have  always  borne  a  well-merited  reputation  among 
antiquarians  and  others  interested  in  American  Jewish  history.  Among 
the  contributions  in  this  connection  in  the  volume  under  notice  are 
the  following:  Judah  Morris,  first  instructor  in  Hebrew  at  Harvard 
University,  by  L.  M.  Friedman;  the  Chapters  of  Isaac  the  Scribe,  by 
Samuel  Oppenheim;  the  original  Scott's  Rebecca,  by  Dr.  Joseph  Jacobs; 
correspondence  of  Jews  with  President  Martin  Van  Buren,  by  A.  M. 
Friedenberg;  America  in  Hebrew  Literature,  by  Rev.  Dr.  M.  Silber; 
Life  Hon.  Henry  M.  Phillips,  by  J.  Bunford  Samuel;  Jews  in  the  legal 
and  medical  profession  in  America  prior  to  1800,  by  L.  Huhner,  and 
Notes  on  American  Jewish  History,  by  Rev.  D.  de  S.  Pool.  "Notes"  and 
"Necrology"  are  new  and  important  features  in  this  volume.  An  ex- 
cellent index  is  of  great  usefulness  to  the  student. 

THE  WHIG  PABTY  IN  THE  SOUTH.  By  Arthur  Charles  Cole,  Ph.D., 
Washington,  D.  C.  1913.  pp.  367.  Maps. 

The  Whig  party  was  the  successor  of  the  old  Federalist  and  National 
Republican  parties,  and  its  Southern  wing  constituted  at  all  times  a 
powerful  minority  of  the  voting  strength  of  that  section  capable  of 
being  converted  by  unusual  exertions  and  under  favoring  circumstances 
into  at  least  a  temporary  majority.  At  the  beginning  of  the  thirties, 
the  Southern  Whigs  were  part  of  a  large  anti-Jackson  opposition  or- 
ganization which  included  the  State  rights  element  and  a  good  pro- 
portion of  the  planting  class.  In  spite  of  a  natural  hostility  to  what 
came  to  be  considered  as  Whig  policy  and  WThig  measures,  by  the 
election  of  1844,  the  party  had  been  brought  into  harmony  with  the 
program  formulated  by  Clay.  The  slavery  issue  forced  them  to  act 
cautiously  in  the  face  of  the  anti-slavery  inclinations  of  the  Northern 
wing.  A  steady  conservatism  made  them  the  opponents  of  radical 
Southern  movements  and  the  advocates  of  compromise.  But  their  ac- 
tivity in  response  to  these  motives  and  the  growing  anti-slavery  radical- 
ism in  the  Northern  wing  rendered  them  unfit  to  act  as  the  champion 
of  the  slave  power.  A  steady  decline,  accelerated  by  developments  in 
the  campaign  of  1852,  led  to  their  downfall  in  the  South.  Attempts 
were  made  to  revive  the  defunct  party,  most  successfully  in  the  form 
of  the  Know  Nothing  party,  which  were  continued  until  the  outbreak 
of  the  Civil  War,  when  the  barriers  of  party  lines  were  swept  aside. 
Of  the  merit  and  value  of  Dr.  Cole's  essay  there  can,  we  believe,  be 
little  doubt;  it  is  sure  to  be  used  and  to  last. 

PROCEEDINGS  AND  COLLECTIONS  OF  THE  WYOMING  HISTORICAL  AND 
GEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY,  for  the  year  1913-1914.  Vol.  XIII.  Edited  by 
Rev.  Horace  Edwin  Hay  den,  M.A.  Wilkes-Barre,  Penna.  1914.  8vo, 
pp.  242.  Illustrated. 

This  volume  is  another  interesting  and  valuable  contribution  to  the 
history  and  archeology  of  the  Wyoming  Valley,  which  through  the  ac- 
tivities of  the  society  is  being  judiciously  developed.  Following  the 
reports  of  its  officers  is  a  paper  by  Nelson  H.  Darton  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau 
of  Mines,  "Some  features  of  the  Quaternary  Deposits  in  the  Wyoming 
Valley  region,"  illustrated  with  maps  of  the  buried  valley  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna  river  and  other  illustrations,  the  results  of  some  geological  in- 


Notes  and  Queries.  127 

vestigations.  "Proof  that  Pennsylvania  Anthracite  Coal  was  first  shipped 
from  the  Wyoming  Valley,"  by  William  Griffith,  shows  by  recorded 
statistics,  that  the  credit  given  to  the  Lehigh  region  for  the  beginning 
of  the  coal. trade,  is  due  to  the  Wyoming  district.  "Some  modern  views 
of  the  Federal  Constitution,"  by  Prof.  John  L.  Stewart,  of  Lehigh 
University,  will  interest  all  students  of  history.  "The  beginning  of 
Luzerne  County,  Pennsylvania,"  by  Oscar  J.  Harvey,  who  has  succeeded 
the  late  Dr.  F.  C.  Johnson  as  Historiographer  of  this  society;  and  Dr. 
Hayden's  "Echoes  of  the  massacre  of  Wyoming,"  in  which  he  proves 
that  Queen  Esther  was  present  at  the  massacre,  are  valuable  con- 
tributions to  local  history.  "A  study  of  North  Appalachian  Indian 
Pottery,"  by  Christopher  Wren,  Curator  of  Archeology  of  the  society, 
is  an  important  development,  properly  illustrated,  which  will  attract 
the  attention  of  all  interested  in  the  subject.  Biographical  sketches  of 
former  officers  Dr.  F.  C.  Johnson  and  Sidney  R.  Miner,  late  Recording 
Secretary,  are  deserved  memorials.  A  good  index  will  aid  the  reader. 

How  TO  TEACH  AMERICAN  HISTORY.  A  HANDBOOK  FOR  TEACHERS  AND 
STUDENTS.  By  John  W.  Wayland,  Ph.D.  The  Macmillan  Company, 
New  York,  1914.  8vo,  pp.  339.*  Price  $1.10  net. 

The  purpose  of  this  book  ia  intended  for  use  as  a  text-book  in  normal 
schools,  teacher-training  classes,  and  teachers'  institutes,  and  as  a  hand- 
book for  the  teacher  and  student  in  school  or  at  home.  The  principles 
discussed  are  believed  to  be  true  of  history  in  general,  but  the  applica- 
tion throughout  has  been  made  to  American  history  and  to  the  study 
and  teaching  of  history  in  American  schools.  The  style  is  simple  and 
intelligible  and  technical  terms  have  largely  been  avoided.  The  methods 
suggested  are  the  outgrowth  of  many  years  experience  as  an  education- 
alist. The  book  lists  and  foot  notes  information  is  of  practical  value 
and  the  complete  index  appended  will  be  found  a  useful  feature. 

ANNALS  OF  THE  SWEDES  ON  THE  DELAWARE.  By  Rev.  John  Curtis 
Clay.  Third  edition  with  an  introduction  by  Henry  S.  Henschen. 
Chicago,  1914.  pp.  170.  Illustrated.  Price  $1.10  by  mail. 

The  first  edition  of  Rev.  Mr.  Clay's  Annals  of  the  Swedes  on  the 
Delaware  was  published  in  1835,  and  a  second  edition  in  1858.  Both 
editions  have  practically  disappeared  in  circulation  for  some  years. 
The  Swedish  Historical  Society  of  America  has  published  this  new 
edition,  with  an  introduction,  and  the  constitution,  by-laws,  officers 
and  members  of  the  society.  The  book  is  neatly  printed  and  bound. 

ESSAYS  POLITICAL  AND  HISTORICAL.  By  Hon.  Charlemagne  Tower. 
Philadelphia,  1914.  8vo,  pp.  306.  Maps. 

Contents..  "The  European  Attitude  toward  the  Monroe  Doctrine;" 
read  before  the  American  Society  of  International  Law,  at  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.,  1914.  "The  Treaty  Obligations  of  the  United  States  relating 
to  the  Panama  Canal;"  read  before  the  American  Philosophical  Society, 
1913.  "Diplomacy  as  a  Profession;"  "Some  Modern  Developments  of 
International  Law;"  read  before  the  Law  Academy,  Philadelphia,  1909. 
"Lord  Cornwallis  in  America."  "The  Relations  of  the  United  States  to 
Arbitration  for  the  Settlement  of  International  Disputes."  "General 
Howe's  Campaigns  in  the  Revolutionary  War." 

These  essays,  political  and  historical,  are  the  result  of  a  large  ex- 
perience enjoyed  by  Mr.  Tower  in  the  diplomatic  service,  where  he 
had  notable  opportunities  for  forming  a  sound  judgment  on  international 
questions,  and  as  a  thoughtful  student  of  American  history.  They  are 
valuable  because  their  subjects  are  all  live  subjects  of  grave  moment, 
and  thought-provoking.  The  historical  essays  are  equally  interesting 
and  prepared  with  the  same  thoroughness  and  skill. 


128  Notes  and  Queries. 

HlSTOBY    OF    THE    PUBLIC    SCHOOLS    OF    CATASAUQTJA,    PENNSYLVANIA, 

WITH  A  BBIEF  SKETCH  OF  THE  SCHOOLS  OF  HANOVEB  TOWNSHIP  IN  THE 
OLDEN  TIME.  By  James  B.  Laux  and  Charles  R.  Horn.  Catasauqua, 
1914.  8vo,  pp.  151.  Illustrated. 

The  authors  of  this  work  have  not  confined  their  labors  to  a  mere 
survey  of  the  development  of  the  public  schools  of  Catasauqua  and  the 
methods  of  teaching,  but  they  deal  with  their  subject  historically.  The 
pages  devoted  to  Hanover  township,  of  which  for  more  than  half  a 
century  Catasauqua  was  a  part,  are  interesting  and  the  chapters  which 
contain  the  biographical  sketches  of  the  school  directors  and  teachers 
are  well-deserved  tributes  to  their  devoted  services.  The  Statistical 
Tables,  compiled  with  care  and  labor,  tell  the  story  of  the  common  schools 
of  the  county.  The  work,  while  it  will  have  a  large  local  appreciation, 
is  also  a  valuable  contribution  to  the  history  of  the  common-school 
system  of  the  Commonwealth. 

PAPEBS  AND  ADOBES SES.  By  Henry  Omwake  Hanesburg,  1912.  8vo, 
pp.  192. 

These  papers  and  addresses  in  morals  and  religion,  education,  poli- 
tics, farming  and  fruit  growing,  with  some  reminiscences,  have  been 
selected  from  the  author's  large  contributions  to  the  secular  and  re- 
ligious press,  which  cover  a  wide  range  of  subjects.  The  introductory 
chapter  gives  a  genealogical  account  of  the  family  which  left  the  Palati- 
nate for  Pennsylvania  in  1729  and  settled  in  Lancaster  county  and 
later  in  the  Cumberland  Valley  of  Franklin  county,  where  the  author 
was  born  in  1830.  He  was  a  man  of  varied  activities,  for  sixteen  years 
he  taught  school,  and  did  much  to  improve  the  educational  conditions 
of  the  community,  for  three  terms  served  as  school  director,  was  elected 
County  Commissioner,  and  devoted  much  time  to  agriculture  and  fruit 
growing.  A  son  is  the  president  of  Ursinus  College. 


6  f <fr 

m^m~   •  • '  ~ 
jcrtihccrtit-* 


FORT    TRINITY 


THE 

PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE 

OP 

HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 

VOL.  XXXIX.  1915.  No.  2. 

JOHAN  CLASSON  KISING, 

THE  LAST  DIRECTOR  OF  NEW  SWEDEN,  ON  THE  DELAWARE. 

BY  AMANDUS  JOHNSON,  PH.D. 
Secretary  of  the  Swedish  Colonial  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

Among  the  early  colonists  and  adventurers  of  the 
sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries  we  often  find  poetic 
talents  of  a  high  order;  as  for  instance,  John  Smith, 
Thomas  Morton,  and  a  host  of  others — even  the  im- 
mortal Milton  contemplated  going  to  the  New  World. 
Experiences  among  strange  peoples  in  new  and  unex- 
plored worlds  particularly  appeal  to  the  imagination 
and  stir  the  spirits  of  literary  minds,  and  the  most 
restless  among  them,  not  content  with  second-hand  in- 
formation from  the  mouths  of  returning  "  heroes, "  will 
go  themselves  to  see  the  "living  wonders. " 

This  was  true  of  New  France,  likewise  of  New  Eng- 
land, and  New  Netherland  had  its  poets  and  writers 
during  its  short  history.  New  Sweden  was  apparently 
an  exception.  The  reasons  are  obvious  to  -the  student 
of  history.  Sweden  was  not  ripe  for  great  literary 
activity;  the  language  was  in  a  formative  state,  and 
wealth  and  leisure,  the  handmaids  of  poetry,  were  des- 
tined to  be  the  heritage  of  a  later  age.  Swedish  talent 
was  employed  to  the  limit  in  directing  the  battles  of 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 9  129 


130  Johan  Classon  Rising. 

the  Thirty  Years '  War  and  in  solving  the  problems  of 
military  tactics  and  the  issues  of  statecraft,  leaving 
few  opportunities  for  the  conception  of  lofty  poetry  or 
the  creation  of  artistic  peace.  This  being  true  of  the 
mother  country,  it  follows,  as  a  matter  of  course,  that 
literary  activity,  in  the  small  and  lingering  colony  on 
the  Delaware,  would  be  even  more  uncommon.  How- 
ever, although  New  Sweden  during  its  brief  Swedish 
period  can  boast  of  no  Berkeley,  no  Sandays,  no  Waller, 
nor  even  a  Steendam,  yet  the  colony  had  its  Bradford, 
its  Van  der  Donck  and  its  Elliott. 

Of  these  chroniclers  and  translators  Johan  Classon 
Eising  holds  the  highest  rank.  He  was  born  in  1617 
in  Kisinge  parish,  where  his  father,  the  Eev.  Clas 
Botvidi,  was  pastor ;  and  from  his  birthplace  he  adopted 
the  name.  His  early  education,  being  largely  religious, 
was  received  in  the  parsonage  under  the  guidance  of 
his  father,  later  supplemented  by  instruction  in  the 
parish  school.  Thereupon  young  Rising  entered  the 
famous  Linkoping  Gymnasium  (College-High  School, 
founded  in  1628),  whence  he  graduated  in  due  time 
with  high  honors.  In  1635  he  entered  the  University  of 
Upsala.  Here  he  came  under  the  influence  of  the  his- 
torian and  legal  authority,  Loccenius,  who,  above  all 
other  professors,  made  a  profound  impression  on  his 
receptive  mind.  Through  his  capabilities  and  studious 
habits  he  attracted  the  attention  of  the  rector  of  the 
University,  Magnus  Gabriel  de  la  Gardie,  who  became 
his  patron  and  protector.  Having  presented  his  disser- 
tation* for  his  degree  in  1640,  and  apparently  defended 
it  successfully,  he  seems  to  have  gone  abroad  and  spent 
some  time  at  foreign  universities,  undoubtedly  through 
the  aid  of  De  la  Gardie  and  other  benefactors. 

Having  returned  to  his  native  land,  he  was  engaged 


*  Disputatio  philosophica  de  philosophia,  etc.     It  was  dedicated  to 
several  benefactors,  including  his  father. 


Johan  Classon  Rising.  131 

as  tutor  and  companion  to  the  young  Count  Clas 
Akesson  Tott  some  time  in  1646.  In  the  summer  of 
this  year  he  travelled  through  the  northern  provinces 
with  his  charge  and  in  the  autumn  and  winter  he  super- 
intended the  studies  of  Count  Tott  and  aided  him  in 
his  various  subjects. 

In  the  early  summer  of  1647  he  accompanied  the 
Count  on  a  journey  to  England  and  the  continent. 
Sweden  was  now  at  the  height  of  its  power,  respected 
and  honored  throughout  Europe,  as  well  as  feared. 
Accordingly  Count  Tott  was  received  with  marked  at- 
tention everywhere  and  had  access  to  the  most  influen- 
tial people  and  exclusive  society.  For  instance,  Eising 
relates  that  on  a  visit  to  Hampton  Court  they  "kissed 
the  hand  of  His  Majesty/7  Thus  vast  and  unusual 
opportunities  presented  themselves  to  the  future  gov- 
ernor of  New  Sweden  for  study  and  the  gathering  of 
valuable  information,  and  he  was  not  slow  in  making 
use  of  these.  Endowed  with  an  unquenchable  thirst  for 
knowledge,  almost  unlimited  capacities  for  work  and 
unusual  powers  of  observation,  he  gathered  a  store  of 
knowledge.  From  England  they  continued  through 
Holland  and  France.  The  attractions  of  Paris  caused 
the  Count  to  extend  his  sojourn  in  the  French  capital 
beyond  the  allotted  time,  certainly  to  the  profit  of  Eis- 
ing, who  availed  himself  of  the  opportunity  thus  offered 
for  a  study  of  French  history  and  economy.  Eeturning 
by  way  of  present  Belgium,  Count  Tott  and  Eising 
landed  in  Sweden  in  the  fall  of  1648. 

Perhaps,  unable  to  obtain  suitable  employment,  he 
again  pursued  special  courses  at  the  University.  But 
the  following  year  it  seems  he  was  enabled,  through  a 
joint  stipend  from  De  la  Gardie  and  the  Queen,  to  visit 
Holland  for  the  purposes  of  economic  and  commercial 
studies.  Already  on  his  first  visit  to  that  country  he 
had  acquired  an  almost  venerable  admiration  for  Hol- 
land in  general,  the  greatest  mercantile  nation  of  the 


132  Johan  Classon  Rising. 

day,  and  for  Amsterdam  in  particular,  the  greatest 
trading  post  in  the  world. 

To  be  the  guiding  economist  of  his  country  and  the 
teacher  of  new  commercial  theories  by  which  the  Baltic 
trade  would  be  gradually  controlled  by  Swedish  ship- 
ping and  by  which  the  nation  would  ascend  to  an  un- 
dreamed of  height  of  prosperity, — this  was  his  ambition 
and  was  to  be  his  life  work.  His  studies  bore  rich  fruit 
and  when  he  returned  to  Sweden  in  the  spring  of  1651, 
he  was  perhaps  better  equipped  for  his  chosen  field  of 
work  than  any  other  scholar  in  Scandinavia. 

The  stipend  from  the  Queen  entailed  the  writing  of 
a  Dissertation  about  Trade  and  it  seems  that  material 
for  the  book  had  been  collected  in  Holland.  It  was 
completed  in  Sweden,  and  in  1652  money  was  appro- 
priated by  the  Crown  for  its  publication.  Several  short 
essays  on  commerce  and  trade  were  written  by  Eising 
during  his  last  stay  in  Holland,  but  were  never  pub- 
lished as  far  as  I  know. 

Rising  was  now  without  employment  and  without 
any  immediate  means  of  a  livelihood;  but  in  August, 
1651,  he  was  appointed  to  the  secretaryship  of  the  Com- 
mercial College,*  just  then  established.  It  was  a  posi- 
tion he  fully  deserved,  imminently  suited  to  his  training 
and  bent  of  mind,  and  he  performed  his  duties  with 
ability  and  faithfulness,  to  the  complete  satisfaction  of 
Erik  Oxenstierna,  the  President  of  the  Chamber. 

At  this  time  the  directorship  of  the  Swedish  colony 
on  the  Delaware  was  vested  in  the  Commercial  College. 
All  voyages  to  the  settlement  were  decided  by  this  body 
and  all  discussions  about  the  colony  were  heard  in  this 
chamber.  Rising  was  naturally  greatly  interested  in 
the  settlement  and  his  knowledge  of  colonial  affairs 
gave  particular  weight  to  his  views,  and  we  may  assume 

*  For  the  most  complete  account  of  the  early  history  of  the  Com- 
mercial College  in  Sweden  in  either  Swedish  or  English,  see  the 
author's  Swedish  Settlements,  I,  15ff. 


Johan  Classon  Rising.  133 

that  his  arguments  were  always  heard  with  attention 
by  the  members  of  the  College. 

Governor  Printz,  of  New  Sweden,  had  written  re- 
peatedly for  orders  to  be  relieved  of  his  services  or  at 
least  to  receive  an  assistant  who  could  handle  the  many 
and  often  intricate  legal  cases  that  came  up  from  time 
to  time.  The  government,  dominated  by  the  now  frivo- 
lous and  pleasure-loving  Queen,  paid  no  heed  to  his 
entreaties.  But  in  1653,  when  the  reports  of  Dutch 
encroachments  reached  Stockholm,  it  was  finally  de- 
cided to  send  aid  to  the  forsaken  colony  on  the  South 
River  and  the  young  and  energetic  Rising,  "the  best 
man  in  sight, "  was  requested  to  repair  to  New  Sweden 
and  become  assistant  councillor  to  Governor  Printz. 
Rising  willingly  accepted  the  post,  giving  various  rea- 
sons for  so  doing,  and  began  to  prepare  for  his  long 
journey. 

In  October,  1653,  he  resigned  his  secretaryship  in 
the  Commercial  College  (his  signature  in  the  minutes 
of  the  College  being  found  for  the  last  time  on  October 
29).  On  December  9  his  official  appointment  was 
signed  by  the  Queen,  and  a  few  days  later  he  was 
knighted  and  given  a  fief  or  estate  with  special  pre- 
rogatives in  Sweden.  His  salary  was  to  be  1500D.  a 
year;  1500D.  were  appropriated  for  his  travelling  ex- 
penses, and  he  was  granted  a  large  donation  of  land 
on  the  Delaware.  On  the  journey  thither,  he  was  to 
command  the  expedition  and  have  complete  control  of 
the  ships  with  their  crews  and  passengers.  The  expedi- 
tion was  to  be  composed  of  two  ships,  but  after  long 
delays  and  fruitless  efforts  only  one  ship,  the  Orn,  set 
sail. 

The  vessel  with  Rising  on  board  left  Gothenburg 
harbor  on  February  2,  1654.  To  avoid  English  and 
Dutch  men-of-war  they  attempted  to  sail  north  of  Scot- 
land, but  such  tremendous  contrary  storms  were  en- 
countered that  the  ship  was  blown  back  to  the  Straits 


134  Johan  Classon  Rising. 

of  Dover.  After  long  delays  the  Orn  finally  left  the 
shores  of  Europe  on  March  3.  Some  two  weeks  later 
Eising  cast  anchor  in  the  harbor  of  one  of  the  Canaries, 
where  the  unspeakable  sufferings  of  the  people  in  the 
overcrowded  vessel  were  somewhat  relieved. 

The  Orn  arrived  before  the  deserted  Fort  Elf sborg  in 
the  evening  of  May  20.  On  the  following  morning  a 
council  of  war  was  held  on  board,  and  it  was  decided 
to  demand  the  surrender  of  Fort  Casimir,  the  Dutch 
stronghold,  which  had  been  built  by  Stuyvesant  in  1651, 
on  territory  claimed  by  the  Swedish  Company  through 
priority  of  title  from  the  Indians. 

The  Dutch  commander  requested  delay,  but  Eising 
demanded  an  immediate  answer,  sending  Gyllengren 
with  a  company  of  soldiers  ashore.  The  soldiers  finally 
made  their  way  into  the  Fort,  as  the  gates  were  open, 
and  when  the  "Hollanders  wanted  to  use  their  guns," 
they  were  told  to  put  them  down,  "and  thus  the  Swedes 
took  possession  of  Fort  Casimir."  The  Swedish  flag 
was  thereupon  raised  above  "the  Dutch  citadel,"  the 
name  of  which  was  changed  to  Fort  Trinity,  "  as  it  was 
captured  on  Trinity  Sunday." 

Eising  later  insisted  that  the  Dutch  fortress  had  sur- 
rendered without  hostilities,  and  that  he  had  followed 
his  orders  minutely,  but  it  is  difficult  to  see  how  he 
could  maintain  such  views  in  the  face  of  his  instruc- 
tions, which  were  as  follows :  "If  the  Dutch  cannot  be 
removed  by  argument  and  grave  remonstrances,  and 
everything,  which  can  be  done  without  danger  and  hos- 
tility, then  it  would  be  better  in  terminus  protestandi 
to  tolerate  the  Dutch  there,  than  that  the  same  fort 
should  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  English  as  the  strong- 
est, and  consequently  the  most  dangerous,  and  to  erect 
a  Swedish  stronghold  below  the  Dutch  fort,  which 
would  control  the  river  and  make  the  latter  useless, 
since  a  hostile  attack  is  not  compatible  with  the  weak 
power  of  the  Swedes  in  that  place."  These  instruc- 


Johan  Classon  Rising.  135 

tions  seem  clear  enough  and  would  have  been  followed 
closely  by  a  trained  military  man.  Printz  would  have 
handled  the  situation  without  friction,  and  it  is  more 
than  likely  that  the  colony  would  have  remained  under 
Swedish  jurisdiction  several  years  longer  than  was  the 
case,  had  he  been  in  command  when  the  6rn  sailed  up 
the  South  Eiver.  Eising  knew  little  of  the  art  of  war; 
he  apparently  had  no  knowledge  of  the  strength  of  the 
Dutch  in  the  new  world,  nor  of  the  restless  energy  of 
the  old  veteran  Peter  Stuyvesant,  and  he  was  not  ac- 
quainted with  the  condition  of  the  colony  he  was  sent  to 
aid. 

When  a  garrison  had  been  left  in  the  Dutch  fort  and 
arrangements  for  its  maintenance  completed,  Rising 
continued  up  the  river  and  arrived  at  Christina,  present 
Wilmington,  on  May  22,  1654.  He  was  now  indisposed 
as  well  as  his  other  officers,  and  most  of  his  immigrants 
were  seriously  ill;  but  as  early  as  the  following  day, 
the  commissions  and  instructions  of  the  various  officers 
were  read  before  the  assembled  people  in  Christina. 

These  instructions  and  memorials  (minute  and  de- 
tailed, in  several  of  their  provisions  resembling  those 
given  to  Printz  eleven  years  before)  intrusted  to  Rising 
the  "direction  of  the  political,  judicial  and  commercial 
affairs  of  the  colony, ' '  leaving  the  military  management 
to  other  officers.  "His  duty  should  especially  be  to 
bring  the  country  on  a  prosperous  footing ;"  he  should 
occupy  and  clear  new  land  and  assign  plantations  to  the 
freemen ;  he  should  plant  tobacco,  sow  grain,  hemp  and 
linseed;  cultivate  grapes  and  fruit  trees  and  experi- 
ment with  silk  worms  and  the  growing  of  ginger  and 
sugar  cane ;  he  should  found  cities,  select  -harbors  and 
begin  commerce,  seeking  to  draw  all  the  trade  on  the 
river  into  the  hands  of  the  Swedes ;  he  should  prospect 
for  minerals ;  he  should  select  land  for  the  company  and 
work  it  for  the  benefit  of  the  same;  he  should  estab- 
lish ropewalks,  saw  mills,  tanneries,  tar-burneries  and 


136  Johan  Classon  Rising. 

manufactories  of  wooden  utensils  of  all  kinds,  as  well 
as  fisheries  in  the  rivers,  streams  and  lakes;  he 
should  keep  peace  with  the  Indians,  Dutch  and  English 
as  far  as  possible,  but  he  should  also  fortify  the  coun- 
try with  all  vigor  and  ward  off  attack  with  the  best 
means  at  hand;  he  should  seek  to  increase  the  popula- 
tion of  the  colony  and  extend  its  settlement  by  inviting 
all  valuable  and  industrious  colonists  to  settle  under 
the  Swedish  jurisdiction ;  but  he  should  send  away  and 
remove  (with  caution)  all  who  might  be  a  disturbance 
or  a  hindrance  to  the  prosperity  of  the  settlement ;  he 
should  draw  up  good  ordinances,  make  rules  for  hunt- 
ing and  the  preservation  of  the  forest,  preventing  all 
indiscriminate  cutting  of  trees,  as  well  as  ordinances 
concerning  the  trade,  the  agriculture  and  other  pur- 
suits; he  should  institute  commercial  relations  with 
Africa;  he  should  send  game,  bread,  beer  and  brandy 
to  Spain,  and  lumber  and  wood  materials  to  the  Canary 
Islands;  he  was  to  handle  the  money  sent  from  the 
mother  country,  supervise  the  handling  of  the  merchan- 
dise and  see  that  proper  and  correct  books  were  kept ; 
he  was  to  raise  money  for  the  purpose  of  the  colonial 
government,  and  finally  he  was  to  appoint  "persons 
who  could  judge  according  to  the  law  of  Sweden  and  its 
rightful  custom  in  order  that  justice  and  righteousness 
may  have  their  course  in  the  land. ' ' 

With  these  instructions  in  mind  Eising  began  his 
busy  life  as  director  of  the  colony.  New  plots  of  ground 
were  laid  out,  new  houses  were  built  and  new  settle- 
ments were  made  at  various  points  on  the  river.  He 
also  appointed  supervisors  of  agriculture  and  house 
building,  and  the  clearing  of  new  land,  and  made  other 
provisions  for  the  welfare  of  the  little  settlement.  He 
sent  commissions  to  the  English  on  the  south  and 
north  as  well  as  to  the  Dutch  of  New  Holland,  and 
entered  into  commercial  relations  with  various  mer- 
chants of  New  England  and  those  from  New  Amster- 


Johan  Classon  Rising.  137 

dam  and  Virginia.  He  also  established  and  renewed 
the  good  relations  with  the  Indians,  bought  large  tracts 
of  land  from  them  and  concluded  various  commercial 
treaties.  Had  sufficient  supplies  been  at  his  disposal, 
the  colony  would  have  prospered  greatly  under  his  rule, 
for  he  was  a  thorough  organizer  and  indefatigable 
worker.  A  misfortune  that  befell  the  colony  during 
his  directorship  was  the  capture  by  the  Dutch  of  the 
Swedish  ship  Haj,  which  arrived  at  New  Amsterdam 
in  the  autumn.  "It  was  a  great  misfortune  to  us,  and 
a  loss  that  cannot  be  easily  repaired/'  said  Rising. 

The  capture  of  Fort  Casimir  could  not  be  forgotten 
by  Peter  Stuyvesant,  nor  by  the  directors  in  Amster- 
dam to  whom  the  matter  was  at  once  reported,  and 
soon  active  preparations  for  revenge  were  under  way, 
both  in  Holland  and  in  the  Dutch  colony.  The  whole 
Swedish  settlement  must  now  be  conquered  and  Swed- 
ish power  in  America  destroyed  forever.  And  for  this 
purpose  so  large  a  force  was  to  be  employed,  that  there 
could  be  no  question  as  to  the  success  of  the  enter- 
prise. 

The  preparations  were  made  so  secretly  that  neither 
the  Swedish  agents  in  Holland  nor  the  officials  in  New 
Sweden  had  any  idea  of  the  approaching  storm.  The 
Indians,  however,  who  were  always  friendly  towards 
the  Swedes,  in  some  way  obtained  information  about 
the  intentions  of  the  Dutch,  and  immediately  made  it 
known  to  Rising.  The  reports  did  not  disturb  him.  He 
seemed  quite  confident  that  he  would  be  able  to  ward  off 
any  danger  that  might  come  from  New  Amsterdam.  All 
his  men  were  set  to  work  in  the  various  forts,  powder 
and  other  ammunitions  were  stored  in  the-  magazines 
and  spies  were  dispatched  to  gather  all  possible  infor- 
mation. But  when  the  Dutch  finally  arrived  it  was 
evident  that  the  Swedish  power  would  soon  succumb 
to  the  overwhelming  force  of  Peter  Stuyvesant,  the 
trained  soldier  and  forceful  leader,  and  after  about 


138  Johan  Classon  Rising. 

two  weeks  of  "warfare,"  Fort  Christina,  the  last 
stronghold  of  the  Swedes,  surrendered  to  Stuyvesant 
on  August  15, 1655.  The  articles  of  capitulation,  which 
were  extremely  favorable  to  the  Swedes,  provided  that 
Eising  and  all  of  his  soldiers  and  settlers,  who  wished 
to  return  to  Sweden,  should  be  supplied  with  free  pass- 
age by  the  Dutch  West  India  Co.  Accordingly,  the 
Dutch  prepared  three  ships  for  the  transportation  of 
the  Swedes,  and  on  October  23  Eising  went  to  sea. 
On  December  7  he  landed  in  Plymouth,  whence  he 
went  over  land  to  London  and  made  a  report  to  the 
Swedish  ambassador.  From  there  he  passed  over  to 
Holland,  where  he  remained  for  some  time.  In  Holland 
some  of  his  luggage  was  plundered  and  his  books,  manu- 
scripts and  clothes  were  confiscated  and  sold  at  auction, 
possibly  as  a  result  of  his  inability  to  pay  a  draft  for 
"300  Flanders,"  which  fell  due  in  March. 

In  the  early  spring  of  1656  he  left  Amsterdam  and 
in  the  summer  he  made  his  way  to  Elbing,  in  East 
Prussia,  where  he  presented  a  memorial  to  Erik  Oxens- 
tierna  about  New  Sweden  and  the  Dutch  attack.  For  a 
period  he  was  kept  busy  preparing  reports,  memoran- 
dums and  relations  on  the  colony,  how  to  regain  the 
same  and  how  to  increase  Swedish  transatlantic  com- 
merce, and  a  dozen  other  subjects.  Finally,  in  March, 
1657,  he  was  appointed  chief  inspector  of  the  customs  in 
the  three  governments  of  Prussia  and  Pomerania,  with 
a  salary  of  1200  E.D.  annually.  In  1658  he  made  Elbing 
his  headquarters,  "where  the  Swedes  were  most  tol- 
erated." For  nearly  four  years  he  travelled  at  his 
"own  expense"  in  Prussia  and  Pomerania  to  establish 
the  customs,  but  he  claimed  that  only  half  a  year's 
salary  was  ever  paid  to  him.  However,  he  seems  to 
have  enjoyed  certain  privileges  and  been  entitled  to 
certain  fees,  which  made  it  possible  for  him  to  live  with- 
out care. 

In  the  beginning  of  1660,  when  "Prussia  was  cap- 


Johan  Classon  Rising.  139 

tured  by  the  enemy,"  he  applied  to  De  la  Gardie  for  a 
new  post,  and  soon  returned  to  Stockholm.  Being 
overloaded  with  debts  and  in  bad  health,  his  first  con- 
cern was  to  collect  his  salary  as  Director  from  the  New 
Sweden  Company  and  the  sums  he  had  advanced  to 
soldiers  and  colonists  on  the  Delaware,  especially  dur- 
ing the  siege  of  Fort  Christina. 

Rising  developed  his  usual  activity.  Memorials  in 
the  case  were  multiplied,  arguments,  repeated  a  dozen 
times  in  manifold  variety,  were  presented  and  bills  and 
accounts  were  duplicated  with  untiring  industry;  but 
nothing  came  of  it  all,  and  Eising  was  left  without 
his  money  and  without  a  means  of  income.  In  March, 
1665,  he  was  appointed  assessor  in  the  newly  organized 
Maritime  Court  with  a  salary  of  400D.  a  year,  but  the 
court  was  not  put  into  operation  and  no  salaries  were 
paid. 

As  a  consequence  Eising  was  now  in  desperate  cir- 
cumstances. With  the  exception  of  some  aid  from  his 
life-long  patron  De  la  Gardie,  he  was  dependent  upon 
what  little  he  could  make  in  this  way  or  that,  and  it 
is  not  clear  how  he  managed  to  live  through  the  follow- 
ing years,  and  especially  how  he  contrived  to  carry  on 
his  literary  work. 

He  had  for  years  collected  materials  for  his  "life 
monument, "  a  comprehensive  Treatise  on  Trade,  and 
he  longed  for  leisure  to  execute  his  gigantic  task.  The 
book  (planned  largely  along  the  lines  suggested  by  the 
English  economist,  Malynes,  in  his  Lex  Mercatoria) 
was  to  be  divided  into  three  parts.  The  first  part  (con- 
taining three  books)  and  certain  chapters  of  the  second 
and  third  parts  (the  second  part  to  contain  two  books, 
the  third  part  to  contain  one  or  two  (?)  books)  were 
completed,  but  only  the  first  and  second  books  of  the 
first  part  have  been  preserved,  together  with  a  table 
of  contents  of  the  completed  work.  According  to  this 


140  Johan  Classon  Rising. 

table  the  contents  of  the  book  would  have  had  the 
following  appearance : 

Part  One.  First  book  of  thirty-four  chapters  con- 
cerning merchandise,  maxims  for  the  increase  of  trade, 
business  transactions,  contracts,  debts  and  bonds,  mar- 
kets and  fairs,  trade-marks,  lotteries,  merchants, 
brokers,  monopolies  and  companies,  colonies. 

Second  book  in  four  parts  concerning  the  principal 
trading  places  in  Europe,  Asia,  Africa  and  America. 

Third  book  of  twenty-three  chapters  concerning 
navigation,  navigation  laws,  sailors  and  officers,  ship- 
building, equipment,  freight,  duties  and  excises,  etc., 
insurance,  journeys  to  foreign  lands,  piracy  ports, 
staple  cities,  the  ownership  of  rivers  and  coasts,  fish- 
eries and  the  right  to  fish. 

Part  Two.  First  book  of  eighteen  chapters  con- 
cerning money,  the  right  of  the  government  to  coin 
money,  gold  and  silver  and  their  relative  values,  the 
shape  and  size  of  money,  master  coiners,  counterfeit 
money,  how  to  increase  money  in  the  country,  loaning 
and  borrowing  of  money,  usury. 

Second  book  "concerning  the  reduction  of  all  kinds 
of  measures,  standard  and  weights  (to  the  standard  of 
weights  and  measures)  of  Stockholm. " 

Part  Three.  First  book  of  eleven  chapters  concern- 
ing drafts,  their  use  and  history,  kinds  of  drafts  and 
their  proper  form,  the  acceptance,  payment,  refusal  and 
protesting  of  drafts. 

When  Eising  discovered  that  it  would  be  difficult  to 
finish  the  large  work  (probably  also  to  interest  the 
government  and  his  patron) ,  he  made  an  abstract  from 
the  Treatise,  which  he  was  able  to  prepare  for  the  press 
through  the  liberality  of  De  la  Grardie.  It  was  pub- 
lished at  Stockholm,  in  1669,  under  the  title  lit  Uthtogh 
om  Kiop-Handelen  aller  Commerciern  (An  Extract 
Concerning  Trade  or  Commerce).  Two  years  later  he 


Johan  Classon  Rising.  141 

published  Een  Landbook  (A  Book  Concerning  Agri- 
culture). 

A  number  of  other  treatises  on  Swedish  and  Dutch 
commerce  and  trade  and  how  to  increase  the  former  and 
place  it  on  a  prosperous  basis  were  also  written  by 
Eising,  partly  before,  partly  after  his  sojourn  in  Amer- 
ica, but  none  of  these  were  ever  published. 

He  also  wrote  a  number  of  Descriptions  of  Nova 
Svecia  and  several  Relations  from  the  colony  concern- 
ing conditions  there,  and  kept  an  interesting  journal 
covering  the  period  of  his  governorship  of  New 
Sweden.  He  used  his  pen  diligently  and  his  journals 
and  reports  are  full  of  accurate  information.  He 
states  the  events  plainly  and  clearly,  without  unneces- 
sary details,  and  his  diary  extending  over  the  greater 
parts  of  the  years  1654-55,  and  his  three  reports  are 
the  most  valuable  documents  concerning  the  history  of 
New  Sweden  for  the  period  they  cover,  giving  more 
detailed  information  about  the  colony  than  any  other 
sources  preserved  to  us.  In  his  acquired  historical 
knowledge  Eising  is  less  accurate  and,  although  he  had 
read  much  of  the  colonial  and  historical  literature  of 
England  and  Holland,  and  knew  the  general  facts  of 
the  early  journeys  to  America,  his  historical  essays 
contain  many  errors  concerning  events  which  took  place 
before  his  arrival.  His  four  descriptions  preserved 
to  us  differ  somewhat  in  detail,  various  dates  being 
given  for  the  same  events  (in  some  cases,  however, 
probably  due  to  the  copyist)  and  we  can  trace  many 
statements  and  errors  in  dates  to  Eising,  which  are 
found  in  the  early  writers  on  New  Sweden.  He  says 
that  Minuet  came  here  in  1631  (repeated  by  Campanius 
Holm,  Geijer  and  a  host  of  other  historians) ;  he  states 
that  King  Charles  I  surrendered  his  right  to  the  Dela- 
ware to  the  Swedes  about  1631  (other  dates  are  also 
given  by  Eising)  through  Count  Johan  Oxenstierna. 
His  descriptions  are  of  much  less  importance  for  the 


142  Johan  Classon  Rising. 

history  and  conditions  of  Nova  Svecia  than  his  other 
writings  concerning  the  colony,  and  much  space  is 
given  to  prove  the  right  of  the  Swedes  to  the  colony, 
how  to  regain  it  and  how  to  manage  the  colonial  affair, 
"as  well  at  home  as  out  here  for  the  benefit  and  pros- 
perity of  the  Crown. "  The  chapters  on  location,  cli- 
mate, forests,  "wild  animals  and  birds "  show  consid- 
erable powers  of  observation,  but  are  of  less  value  than 
Lindestrb'm's  writings  on  the  same  subjects. 

Eising  never  discontinued  his  literary  labors,  in  spite 
of  his  troubles  and  other  work,  and  his  ambition 
and  burning  desire  to  complete  his  great  volume,  A 
Treatise  on  Trade,  never  deserted  him.  But  he  labored 
under  tremendous  difficulties.  He  was  forced  to  occupy 
the  most  miserable  quarters  and  he  was  barely  able  to 
provide  sufficient  clothing  for  his  body.  Cold  prevented 
him  from  doing  work  in  winter  and  when  summer  came 
necessary  books  and  other  materials,  even  ink,  were 
often  wanted.  He  was  ever  in  debt,  and  kind-hearted 
people  and  royal  intercessions  alone  saved  him  from 
the  prison  bars.  Under  such  conditions  it  is  a  wonder 
that  he  could  accomplish  what  he  did.  The  end  came 
in  April,  1672.  It  is  a  sad  picture  to  see  the  former 
director  of  New  Sweden,  the  first  writer  of  importance 
on  economy  and  commerce  in  Scandinavia, ' '  ages  ahead 
of  his  time  in  his  views, "  die  in  a  small,  miserable 
garret  of  a  tailor's  hut.  His  books  were  unsold  and 
his  labors  unrewarded,  but  a  later  age  has  been  more 
charitable,  and  his  works  which  could  not  be  marketed 
during  his  lifetime  are  eagerly  sought  by  the  collector 
and  often  bring  a  considerable  price. 


Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers.      143 


NARRATIVE  OR  JOURNAL  OF  CAPT.  JOHN 
FERDINAND  DALZIEL  SMYTH,  OF  THE 
QUEEN'S  RANGERS. 

"Dr.  Smyth  was  a  Gentleman,"  writes  Lieut.-Col. 
John  Connolly,  American  Loyalist,  in  his  "Narrative 
&c.,"  PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE,  Vol.  XII,  p.  310,  "who 
had  resided  in  Maryland,  but  his  non-conformity  to 
the  temper  of  the  times  made  him  obnoxious  to  the  re- 
publican party.  Incapable  of  temporizing,  he  was  on 
his  way  to  West  Florida  to  escape  the  turbulence  of 
faction  and  act  agreeably  to  his  principles.  Observing 
him  to  be  a  man  of  quick  penetration,  firm  loyalty  and 
ready  to  serve  his  Majesty  at  all  hazards,  intimately 
acquainted  with  the  lower  parts  of  Maryland,  through 
which  I  intended  to  pass,  I  solicited  him  to  accompany 
me  likewise,  designing  to  make  him  surgeon  of  the 
regiment."  Dr.  Smyth's  narrative  of  the  adventures 
through  which  he  passed  in  Southern  Maryland,  his 
attempted  escape  to  Western  Florida  via  the  Missis- 
sippi River;  after  his  joining  Lieutenant-Colonel  Con- 
nolly, his  capture  and  imprisonment  in  Philadelphia, 
his  final  escape  from  Baltimore,  whither  he  had  been 
transferred  when  Congress  removed  to  that  city,  and 
rescue  off  the  Delaware  capes  by  the  ship  of  war 
Daphne,  and  arrival  in  New  York,  March  19,  1777,  are 
often  thrilling  and  are  given  in  detail. 

Narrative. 

As  the  Public,  and  especially  many  persons  in  a  high 
station,  can  have  but  little  idea  of  the  suffering  of  those 
unhappy  people  who  had  the  misfortune  to  fall  into 
the  hands  of  the  rebels,  especially  if  they  have  ever 


144     Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers. 

been  active  against  them,  I  think  it  a  duty  incumbent 
on  me  to  publish  the  following  narration  of  facts,  every 
tittle  of  which  can  be  well  attested.  At  the  same  time 
disclaiming  every  intention  of  rendering  the  condition 
of  these  deluded  and  mistaken  men  who  are  prisoners, 
any  worse.  It  would  be  unworthy  of  the  British  arms 
to  retaliate  cruelty,  and  it  is  far  from  my  disposition 
to  wish  it.  Yet  to  show,  that  they  complain  of  our 
treatment  of  their  prisoners  with  a  very  bad  grace,  it 
is  almost  necessary  to  make  this  public. 

It  may  not  be  amiss  first  to  give  a  brief  recital  of 
my  observations,  and  what  has  happened  to  me  from 
the  beginning  of  this  most  wicked  rebellion  against  the 
best  of  kings,  and  the  most  free  and  mildest  of  govern- 
ments. In  the  country  I  lived,  at  the  first  meeting  of 
the  people  to  consider  about  electing  Committee,  Con- 
gress &c.,  I  opposed  it  all  in  my  power ;  and  then  three- 
fourths  of  them  came  over  to  my  side,  on  dividing ;  but 
the  remaining  rebellious  fourth  part  appointed  them- 
selves Committee-men  &c.,  and  had  the  effrontree  to 
publish  that  they  were  unanimously  chosen  by  the 
people.  This  was  the  case  in  general,  as  well  as  there ; 
and  it  was  out  of  such  as  these  that  the  first  Conven- 
tions and  Congress  were  composed.  At  first  I  con- 
ceived this  revolt  was  a  deep  laid  scheme,  concerted 
partly  by  chance,  but  chiefly  by  design;  and  the  event 
has  proved  that  my  conjectures  were  well-founded. 
After  the  first  general  Congress  broke  up,  the  people 
began  to  murmur,  and  the  boldest,  deepest,  and  most 
politic  stroke  of  all  was  now  formed;  in  short,  it  was 
that  on  which  the  basis  of  all  their  power  was  estab- 
lished. A  meeting  of  each  county  on  business  of  great 
importance  was  desired,  on  an  appointed  day.  A  very 
few  only  met,  and  they  were  chiefly  strollers  and  idle 
persons.  The  former  committee  now  rechose  them- 
selves, and  eighty  or  ninety  others,  indeed  every  per- 
son of  any  influence,  in  each  country,  though  absent, 


Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers.      145 

and  although  many  of  them  had  disapproved  of  their 
measures;  any  five  were  to  act.  This  increasing  the 
number  of  the  Committee-men  rivetted  their  influence, 
and  effectually  silenced  those  who  opposed  their  de- 
signs. Frequent  meetings  were  afterwards  held, 
wherein  the  former  designers  always  carried  their  own 
schemes,  and  the  nominal  Committee-men  were  satis- 
fied with  the  name  and  shadow  of  power,  for  in  fact 
they  had  none  of  the  substance.  Altho'  I  had  always 
openly  and  publicly  disavowed  and  detested  the  whole 
of  their  proceedings,  yet  now  they  nominated  me  in 
their  scandalous  committee,  appointed  me  to  the  com- 
mand of  two  troops  of  light  horse,  and  the  chairman 
waited  on  me  with  their  infamous  commission,  (and 
with  four  papers  for  me  to  subscribe,  viz.  one  for  the 
poor  of  Boston,  one  for  a  magazine,  one  for  the  pay- 
ment of  the  Congress,  and  the  rebel  association)  think- 
ing thereby  to  corrupt  my  principles,  as  they  did  many 
others;  and  expecting  that  this  ostentatious,  though 
lawless  power,  would  be  too  alluring  as  to  fascinate 
me  out  of  my  loyalty.  But  I  positively  refused  the 
whole,  gave  him  for  answer  that  I  would  suffer  death 
before  I  would  have  such  a  stain  upon  me,  and  sent 
back  their  dirty  commission,  which  I  despised.  Being 
then  cited  before  them  to  answer  for  my  conduct,  I 
informed  them  "that  they  neither  represented  me  nor 
my  principles,  that  I  beheld  them  as  an  arbitrary,  petty, 
insolent,  self-created  tribunal,  to  which  I  paid  no  obedi- 
ence ;  but  that  I  was  always  ready  to  answer  in  a  legal 
and  constitutional  way,  to  any  accusation  against  me. ' ' 
This  incensed  them  highly.  And  I,  out  of  self-de- 
fence, as  well  as  for  the  support  of  his  Majesty's  gov- 
ernment, then  drew  up  a  loyal  association,  and  exerted 
my  utmost  influence  in  its  favour.  In  two  days  I  got 
400  subscribers.  We  were  to  meet  the  ensuing  Satur- 
day, in  order  to  concert  some  effectual  measures  to 
support  constitutional  government,  and  avert  the 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 10 


146     Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers. 

threatened  oppression  of  the  Congress  and  Commit- 
tees; but  in  the  mean  time  they  got  intimation  of  it, 
and  in  one  night  and  day  had  every  person  privately 
seized  on,  and  obliged  to  renounce  his  Majesty  and  his 
government  even  by  oath;  two  Scotsmen  who  refused 
they  tarred  and  feathered,  and  sent  a  party  after  me. 
I  was  well  provided  with  good  arms  and  ammunition 
at  my  house,  and  resolute  servants,  having  on  this  ac- 
count been  under  a  necessity  for  some  time  of  going 
constantly  armed.  Apprehensive  of  a  warm  reception, 
they  returned  without  me. 

From  that  time  I  was  in  continual  dangers  and 
alarms,  and  could  not  sleep  in  my  own  house  in  safety. 
Several  times  parties  of  40  men  with  two  rounds  each 
of  powder  and  ball  were  ordered  to  take  me,  and  if  I 
resisted  to  fire  upon  me;  but  one  of  the  officers  always 
privately  gave  me  timely  notice  of  it,  so  that  I  com- 
monly escaped  in  my  boat  over  Potomack.  Happening 
there,  once,  before  some  violent  rebels  to  say,  "that 
instead  of  blaming  his  Excellency  Lord  Dunmore's  con- 
duct, I  thought  he  had  always  behaved  in  a  manner 
that  did  him  infinite  honour,  and  wished  that  all  the 
rest  of  his  Majesty 's  governors  had  performed  their 
duty  with  equal  spirit  and  resolution, ' '  a  Capt.  Weedon 
from  Fredricksburg  (now  a  rebel  General)  came  down 
to  the  river  side  with  his  company  (60  riflemen)  to  take 
me  when  I  came  over,  but  a  lady  sent  her  maid,  who 
called  to  me  when  I  was  within  300  yards  of  the  shore, 
informing  me  of  my  danger,  and  desiring  me  to  return 
immediately.  Weedon  and  his  banditti  instantly  ran 
down  to  the  river  side,  ordering  me  to  come  to  the 
shore,  or  they  would  fire  upon  me.  Accordingly  on 
my  refusal  they  fired  about  100  rifle  balls  at  me ;  hav- 
ing arms  with  me  I  returned  their  fire  8  or  10  times, 
but  the  distance  was  such,  there  was  no  danger  on 
either  side.  That  same  day  on  my  return  I  was  in- 
formed that  three  different  parties  intended  the  next 


Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers.      147 

morning  to  beset  my  house  on  all  sides,  to  prevent  my 
escaping;  accordingly  about  sunset  I  saw  a  boat  with 
eight  or  nine  armed  men  coming  over,  I  ran  down  to 
the  river  side  with  my  fusee,  and  ordered  them  not  to 
land,  and,  if  they  attempted  it  I  would  fire  upon  them ; 
they  persisting  in  it,  I  fired  three  times  (under  cover 
of  the  root  of  a  tree  blown  up),  which  they  also  re- 
turned, but  at  last  stood  up  the  river,  and  landed  at 
Cedar-point,  about  two  miles  above.  I  was  now  beset 
on  all  sides  by  them,  but  escaped  in  the  night,  by  riding 
in  Potomack,  on  the  flats,  up  to  the  top  of  my  saddle 
for  ten  miles  up  in  the  river,  to  avoid  the  centinels  and 
guards  they  had  placed  at  every  avenue  leading  to  my 
house.  Next  morning  they  were  in  such  rage  at  miss- 
ing me,  when  they  thought  me  quite  secure,  that  they 
destroyed  above  100  bushels  of  corn,  shot  two  of  my 
horses  in  the  plow,  and  beat  all  my  people.  It  was  the 
more  distressing  at  this  time,  as  I  had  sold  500  bushels 
of  corn  to  a  Bermudian,  who  was  then  receiving  it,  and 
I  was  forced,  having  no  overseer  that  year,  to  leave 
him  and  my  servants  and  negroes  to  do  with  it  just  as 
they  pleased.  I  had  a  very  large  crop  of  wheat,  having 
sowed  352  bushels,  besides  a  very  fine  crop  of  corn  and 
tobacco,  all  of  which  were  neglected,  by  my  being  con- 
tinually pursued  by  these  ruffians,  for  I  was  fully  de- 
termined not  to  be  taken.  At  this  time  I  was  declared 
inimical,  and  could  not  bring  any  action,  nor  recover 
the  debts  for  which  I  had  judgments  in  court;  thus,  out 
of  £2000.  of  debts  due  to  me  for  five  years  past,  I  never 
received  £5.,  and  was  obliged  instantly  to  pay  the 
money  back  I  had  received  in  part  payment  of  the  debts 
that  were  owing  to  me,  as  any  person  -that  pleased 
might  bring  actions  against  me,  but  I  could  bring  no 
suits  against  any  one.  That  morning  I  reached  Pis- 
cattaway,  (30  miles)  at  day  break;  an  Irishman,  John- 
son, a  deserter  from  the  14th,  was  training  a  company 


148     Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers. 

of  gentlemen  rebels  there,  all  in  scarlet.  Here  I  soon 
found  myself  in  danger,  and  went  over  to  Alexandria. 
Next  day  a  man  was  tarred  and  feathered  there,  and 
a  Col.  George  Mason  desired  me  to  take  particular 
notice  of  it,  saying  it  nearly  concerned  me.  In  the 
evening,  this  deserter  Johnson,  wanted  them  to  tar  and 
feather  me  for  an  enemy  to  American  liberty,  (this 
rascal  is  now  a  Major  or  Colonel  among  the  Virginia 
rebels).  I  had  come  up  here  for  quietness,  to  remain 
in  a  manner  incog,  until  the  storm  below  should  blow 
over,  but  finding  myself  equally  in  danger  every  where, 
I  set  out  again  that  night  for  my  own  house,  resolved 
not  to  stir  from  thence,  but  to  defend  myself  and  it 
to  the  last  extremity.  I  passed  safe  through  Piscat- 
taway,  and  Port-tobacco,  at  both  which  places  they 
were  waiting  to  take  me  as  I  returned.  As  soon  as  I 
got  home,  two  gentlemen,  my  personal  friends  came, 
begging  I  would  pretend  to  comply  with  the  measures 
of  the  Congress,  and  join  only  in  appearance,  telling 
me  it  was  madness  for  me  alone  to  resist,  and  the  con- 
sequence would  be  that  I  would  be  sacrificed,  and  my 
whole  property  destroyed.  I  answered,  that  as  I  had 
never  countenanced  them  in  the  least,  I  would  not  now 
have  the  infamy  upon  me,  on  any  account  of  joining 
them  although  in  appearance  only;  that  ever  since  the 
time  I  had  found  myself  overpowered,  I  had  made  no 
longer  any  opposition  to  them,  that  I  concerned  not 
with  them,  and  never  visited  them,  nor  their  meetings ; 
but  as  I  did  not  acknowledge  their  authority,  I  was  de- 
termined not  to  be  taken  by  them,  and  would  sooner 
die  than  fall  into  their  hands ;  that  this  was  my  final 
resolution,  from  which  I  would  never  depart.  They 
left  me  in  sorrow,  saying,  that  possibly  they  might 
never  see  me  more.  Then  they  went  to  the  President, 
who  was  once  my  intimate  friend,  and  informed  him 
of  my  determination.  He  was  very  sensible  that  I 
would  perform  what  I  had  said,  and  for  two  months 


Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers.     149 

I  was  not  so  openly  harassed,  but  they  endeavoured 
to  distress,  and  to  surprise  me  unprepared.  For  which 
purpose  during  harvest  they  frequently  inveigled  away 
my  negroes,  in  order  to  get  a  favourable  opportunity 
of  taking  me  when  I  was  after  them:  but  in  this  they 
also  failed.  Indeed  my  safety,  during  all  this  time  was 
entirely  owing  to  an  opinion  they  had  formed  of  a  des- 
perate courage  and  resolution  in  me. 

I  had  purchased  a  load  of  corn,  wheat,  and  flour, 
paid  half  the  money,  and  freighted  Col.  Washington's 
brig,  when  he  sold  her  to  Mr.  Mollison:  I  could  not 
freight  any  other  vessel  before  exportation  was  stopt, 
so  I  lost  the  whole.  I  made  on  my  plantation  between 
five  and  six  thousand  bushels  of  wheat,  which  cost  me 
above  £300.  in  gold  to  cut  down  and  secure;  of  that  I 
was  able  to  get  only  1000  bushels  ready  for  market,  by 
September,  on  board  of  two  small  vessels  bound  for 
Baltimore,  one  of  them  was  lost  in  the  storm,  the  other 
five  hundred  I  was  forced  to  sell  (exportation  being 
stopped)  for  2/6  currency  per  bushel.  While  I  was  in 
Baltimore,  the  Committee  deputed  three  of  their  mem- 
bers, Levi  a  Jew,  Cohoon,  and  Tolly,  to  inspect  my 
papers,  letters,  &c.  it  required  the  greatest  address  and 
care  to  get  clear.  Next  day  the  mob  tarred  and 
feathered  my  servant,  and  killed  him  on  the  spot;  I  was 
obliged  to  get  away  privately.  Having  publicly  de- 
clared that  I  was  going  to  Misisippi  in  October  by 
land,  they  were  apprehensive,  as  I  passed  through  sev- 
eral Indian  nations,  that  I  would  prompt  them  to  make 
war,  and  do  the  Congress  every  ill  office  in  my  power, 
therefore  the  Council  of  Safety  ordered  me  not  to  leave 
the  province. 

I  had  but  just  returned  from  Baltimore,  when  one  of 
my  people,  whom  I  was  obliged  to  keep  out  centinel 
day  and  night  about  a  mile  from  my  house,  came  run- 
ning with  information  that  forty  armed  men  were  com- 
ing for  me;  I  desired  him  to  run  back  and  tell  them, 


150      Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers. 

that  I  would  not  suffer  them  to  come  near  the  house, 
and  if  they  attempted  it,  I  would  certainly  fire  upon 
them,  be  the  consequence  what  it  would.  Their  officer 
then  sent  me  word  that  he  and  eight  men  only  would 
come  up,  desiring  me  not  to  fire,  as  he  was  far  from 
wishing  to  hurt  me,  being  only  in  execution  of  his 
orders.  I  had  three  fusees,  three  pair  of  pistols,  all 
loaded,  plenty  of  cartridges  on  the  table,  and  two 
trusty  servants;  I  stood  in  the  door  open;  and  when 
they  came  within  sixty  yards  called  to  them  to  stop, 
declaring  if  they  advanced  ten  steps  farther,  I  would 
certainly  fire  upon  them;  their  officer  ordered  them  to 
halt,  and  as  I  gave  him  leave  to  come  up  himself,  he 
advanced  alone.  He  was  also  formerly  a  particular 
friend  of  mine,  and  now  used  every  argument  and  in- 
sinuation to  induce  me  to  join  them,  telling  me  it  was 
judged  improper  to  suffer  such  a  public  example  of 
attachment  to  Britain  as  myself  at  large,  either  in  the 
country  or  province ;  and  that  his  orders  were  to  bring 
me  by  force  to  the  Council  of  Safety.  Finding  me  fully 
determined  to  die  rather  than  be  taken,  he  said  that  my 
blood  should  not  be  on  his  head,  and  went  away. 

Soon  after  this,  being  obliged  to  go  into  St.  Mary's, 
I  fell  into  a  snare  laid  for  me,  by  showing  my  arms  to 
Capt.  John  Eden,  in  whom  I  confided  as  a  friend.  Im- 
mediately he,  and  twelve  others  fell  upon  me,  naked 
and  defenceless,  took  me  prisoner,  and  carried  me  36 
miles.  As  we  went  along,  with  the  assistance  of  Mr. 
MTherson,  (a  Scots  gentleman  truly  loyal,  who  has 
been  cruelly  handled  by  the  rebels,  and  is  now  also  in 
New- York)  and  several  others,  I  soon  found  that  I  had 
more  friends  than  enemies.  This  turned  the  tables ;  I 
recovered  my  horse  and  arms,  and  returned  that  night. 
On  my  return  alone,  two  of  them,  Paul  Parker  and 
John  Boarman,  laid  in  ambush  for  me,  thinking  my 
pistols  empty,  but  finding  that  I  had  got  them  loaded 
again,  they  rode  off  with  precipitation.  Before  I  was 


Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers.       151 

taken  I  had  fought  against  them  all,  until  I  was  scarcely 
able  to  stand,  and  now  was  obliged  to  pass  through  two 
places  where  two  Captains  and  their  companies  laid  in 
wait  for  me,  but  by  travelling  in  a  very  dark  stormy 
night,  in  bye-ways,  through  several  precipices,  and 
ravines,  where  my  horse  fell  with  me  several  times  six 
or  eight  feet  perpendicular ;  with  many  dangerous  con- 
tusions, I  escaped  them,  and  got  home;  but  in  such  a 
miserable  condition,  that  I  had  almost  died,  not  being 
able  to  leave  my  bed  for  fourteen  days.  In  that  time 
a  party  came  again  to  take  me  away,  but  I  was  so  very 
ill  they  could  not  remove  me,  being  covered  with 
wounds,  unable  to  stir,  and  quite  delirious  with  a  rag- 
ing fever,  which  then  was  my  preservation.  Before  I 
was  half  recovered  a  gentleman  came  to  inform  me, 
that  Capt.  Dent  with  forty  men  were  to  carry  me  to 
the  Council  of  Safety  as  soon  as  I  was  able  to  ride, 
and  their  determination  was,  to  shoot  me  if  I  did  not 
immediately  surrender.  Next  night  they  carried  away 
two  of  my  servants  for  drummers.  Hearing  of  them 
I  went  fifty  miles  after  them,  found  them  in  a  muster 
field,  and  was  bringing  them  home,  when  ten  rebels 
rushed  suddenly  upon  me,  depriving  me  of  my  arms, 
both  servants,  and  an  English  mare,  and  detained  me 
prisoner  until  midnight,  when  I  got  from  them,  and 
with  difficulty  reached  home.  Some  nights  afterwards 
they  inviegled  three  more  of  my  negroes  from  me; 
pursuing  them  next  day,  I  found  them,  and  was  bring- 
ing them  back,  when  I  discovered  thirty  rebels  after 
me ;  so  was  obliged  to  abandon  my  negroes,  to  preserve 
my  own  liberty.  In  short,  I  found  that  if  I  staid 
longer,  I  must  inevitably  soon  fall  into. their  hands. 
I  had  prepared  everything  for  my  departure  to  the 
Misisippi  notwithstanding  their  edict  against  it, 
wrote,  and  sent  all  my  letters  privately  to  Britain,  de- 
siring my  friends  and  correspondents  not  to  write  me 
any  more  either  by  the  packet  or  through  those  revolted 


152      Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers. 

colonies,  lest  the  letters  should  fall  into  the  hands  of 
the  rebels;  and  one  night,  when  I  heard  a  great  force 
was  coming  determined  to  seize  upon  me,  I  privately 
crossed  the  Potomack,  very  sick  and  weak,  with  three 
servants,  one  very  valuable  imported  English  stallion, 
one  very  fine  English  gelding,  and  five  full  blooded  ex- 
ceeding fine  mares,  with  baggage  and  arms,  for  Mis- 
isippi.  I  was  in  so  bad  a  state  of  health,  as  to  be  under 
the  necessity  of  being  copiously  blooded,  and  was  con- 
fined to  my  bed  every  other  day,  until  I  arrived  at 
Blandford;  when  I  thought  it  my  duty  to  repair  to  the 
royal  standard,  and  pay  my  respects  and  duty  to  his 
Excellency  Lord  Dunmore,  Governor  of  Virginia,  then 
at  Norfolk,  about  130  or  140  miles  distance  from  where 
I  then  was ;  to  make  an  offer  of  my  small  services,  and 
having  heard  his  life  frequently  threatened  as  I  came 
along,  and  several  plans  laid  to  murder  his  Lordship, 
I  was  greatly  concerned  for  his  safety  and  preserva- 
tion. 

Accordingly  I  sent  my  servants,  horses,  and  baggage 
on  before,  towards  Carolina,  and  set  out  myself  for 
Norfolk.  That  very  day  a  rebel  edict  was  published, 
ordering  every  person  travelling  towards  Norfolk  to 
be  stopped,  and  carried  to  Williamsburg.  At  Surry 
court-house  I  was  seized  on  by  a  very  dirty  crew,  who 
were  carrying  me  to  the  rebel  General  Patrick  Henry 
at  Williamsburg,  but  plying  them  with  punch,  I  stepped 
aside,  mounted  my  horse,  and  left  them  in  full  speed, 
whilst  eight  or  ten  were  firing  after  me.  Twelve  or 
fifteen  miles  from  thence,  I  fell  in  company  with  a  rebel 
Pay-master  and  Commissary,  a  Wells  Cooper,  and  a 
Sol.  Shepherd,  whom  I  completely  deceived,  and  in 
company  with  them  passed  through  that  infernal  place 
Smithfield;  otherwise  I  could  not  possibly  have  got 
down.  As  soon  as  I  came  to  Norfolk,  I  waited  upon 
his  Excellency  Lord  Dunmore,  on  board  the  ship 
William;  where  I  for  the  first  time  saw  Major  Connolly. 


Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers.       153 

I  informed  his  Lordship  of  my  design,  and  he  told  me 
I  would  certainly  find  it  impossible  to  get  along, 
through  the  country,  to  Misisippi.  I  made  no  long  stay 
on  board  the  William,  and  informed  no  person  any- 
thing at  all  but  his  Lordship  himself,  as  I  was  to  return 
to  endeavour  to  overtake  my  servants,  and  go  through 
the  country.  My  silence  was  suspected,  and  my  being 
a  perfect  stranger,  caused  two  meddling  worthless  fel- 
lows to  go  on  board  his  Lordship's  ship,  in  the  night, 
to  inform  him  that  I  was  a  spy  from  the  rebels,  to 
which  his  Lordship  paid  no  regard.  In  the  morning 
I  waited  again  on  his  Excellency,  to  take  my  leave, 
and  set  out  from  Portsmouth  with  a  very  heavy  heart; 
indeed  I  was  in  pain  for  his  Excellency's  safety,  on 
account  of  his  easiness  of  access.  That  night  I  lodged 
at  Suffolk,  and  the  next  day  two  men  were  sent  seven 
miles  after  me,  to  bring  me  back  to  the  Committee; 
presenting  a  pistol  at  them,  they  both  made  off. 

With  great  difficulty  I  got  out  as  far  as  Edward's 
tavern,  on  Makereen  river,  Brunswick  county,  where 
I  overtook  my  servants,  &c.  but  was  suddenly  surprised, 
and  seized  on  by  twelve  rebels,  in  consequence  of  one 
of  my  servants  (an  Irish  rascal)  having  informed  that 
I  had  been  with  his  Excellency  Lord  Dunmore. 
Llewellin,  Hopewell,  and  Stanton,  who  commanded, 
treated  me  with  the  most  insulting  barbarity,  and 
plundered  me  of  my  horses,  baggage,  arms,  and  above 
350  pistols  in  gold ;  my  two  Irish  servants  left  me,  and 
the  third,  a  Scotsman,  staid  with  me,  faithful  to  the 
last;  and  fortunately  by  the  assistance  of  two  Scots 
gentlemen,  my  countrymen,  who  called,  I  effected  my 
escape,  with  two  of  my  mares,  a  servant,  and  some 
trifles  besides.  These  two  good  friends,  Eonaldson  and 
Smith,  met  me  eighteen  miles  from  thence,  in  Carolina, 
and  furnished  me  with  arms,  &c.  I  set  out  for  Norfolk 
again  next  day,  my  former  journey  and  intention  being 
now  entirely  frustrated.  I  was  sick  and  weak,  with  a 


154     Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers. 

very  heavy  and  dejected  heart,  being  in  so  bad  a  state 
of  health,  as  to  be  obliged  to  be  blooded,  and  lay  by, 
every  second  day  for  some  time. 

For  secresy,  and  to  avoid  pursuit,  I  went  down  the 
Carolina  side  of  the  line,  and  with  the  greatest  difficulty 
and  fatigue,  got  within  fifty  or  sixty  miles  of  Norfolk. 
Being  almost  quite  spent  with  hunger  and  weariness, 
I  was  obliged  to  call  at  one  Copland's,  a  Quaker,  for 
some  refreshment,  I  did  not  stop  an  hour,  and  when 
I  had  gone  nine  miles  further  my  horses  tired,  and  I 
remained  that  night  and  next  day  at  the  house  of  one 
J.  Harris,  a  very  old  man,  and  a  good  friend  of  govern- 
ment. 

Next  night  I  was  alarmed  by  a  negro,  and  soon  after- 
wards by  a  white  man,  who  informed  me  that  Cop- 
land's wise  head  had  imagined  that  I  was  Governor 
Martin  in  disguise  going  to  Lord  Dunmore,  that  he  had 
raised  the  alarm,  and  three  companies  of  militia  were 
in  pursuit  of  me,  and  they  intended  to  shoot  me  down 
on  sight,  understanding  I  was  well  armed.  Finding 
by  several  others  that  this  intelligence  was  true,  I  gave 
the  negro  two  dollars  to  carry  me  into  a  private  place 
in  the  great  Dismal  Swamp,  where  I  lay  hid  in  the  day, 
and  travelled  all  night. 

The  night  following  we  had  three  rebel  guards  to 
pass;  the  first  at  Mead's  mill,  near  Suffolk,  I  avoided 
by  swiming  the  creek  below ;  the  second  by  Nansemond 
church,  I  passed  without  the  least  noise,  fortunately 
unnoticed,  though  I  heard  the  centinels  challenge  in 
half  a  minute  after  I  had  passed  them;  and  the  third 
guard  at  Smith's  tavern,  I  also  got  past  slowly  in  still 
silence;  and  then  by  pushing  on  briskly,  arrived  safe 
at  Portsmouth  that  night,  with  a  very  light  heart. 
Happy  beyond  expression,  to  be  out  of  the  power  of 
the  rebel  banditti,  although  they  had  taken  almost 
everything  from  me  I  had  in  the  world. 

Being  extremely  fatigued,   I  did  not  immediately 


Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers.       155 

wait  upon  his  Excellency,  intending  to  perform  that 
duty  as  soon  as  I  was  a  little  refreshed;  but  that  very 
day  Capt.  Squire  of  the  Otter,  threatened  to  carry  me  a 
prisoner  on  board  his  ship,  as  a  spy  from  the  rebels, 
because  I  did  not  wait  upon  him  immediately  on  my 
arrival ;  and  at  the  same  time  a  guard  was  sent  by  his 
Lordship  to  bring  me  and  my  servant  before  him,  on 
an  information  of  the  same  kind  against  me,  by  a  cer- 
tain fellow,  from  mere  pique,  because  I  would  not  suffer 
the  ignorant  wretch  to  browbeat,  bully  and  insult  me. 
The  guard  did  not  meddle  with  me,  but  they  carried 
my  servant  on  board  before  his  Excellency  for  exami- 
nation, and  Lieut.  Cameron  waited  on  his  Lordship 
with  a  letter  from  Lieut.  Col.  Connolly,  assuring  his 
Excellency  that  the  information  was  totally  false  and 
groundless,  which  the  examination  of  my  servant 
evinced,  in  the  fullest  and  most  satisfactory  manner. 
After  these  groundless  and  most  ridiculous  suspi- 
cions were  happily  cleared  up,  the  whole  intention  and 
design  of  a  secret  expedition  to  the  westward,  under 
the  command  of  Lieut.  Col.  John  Connolly  (Comman- 
dant of  the  Queen's  royal  regiment  of  Bangers,  in 
which  also  we,  viz.  Allan  Cameron,  Esq.  and  myself 
received  our  commissions)  were  disclosed  to  me,  and  I 
was  earnestly  sollicited  by  Lieut.  Col.  Connolly  to  ac- 
company him,  which  I  readily  and  most  cheerfully 
agreed  to.  Cash  being  rather  scarce  at  that  time,  I 
most  gladly  advanced  every  farthing  of  my  own  private 
purse  for  the  good  of  the  service,  and  our  design;  and 
when  Lieut.  Col.  Connolly,  Lieut.  Cameron  and  I  de- 
parted on  our  unfortunate  expedition,  I  left  a  servant, 
two  English  mares,  and  several  things  of  value,  at  the 
request  of  his  Lordship,  which  were  to  be  kept  for  me 
by  Mr.  James  Parker,  and  at  Mr.  Atchinson's  planta- 
tion. They  were  all  left  at  Pierce 's  at  Portsmouth, 
and  I  have  never  been  able  to  hear  the  least  tittle  of 
any  of  them  since. 


156      Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers. 

We  landed  in  Maryland,  in  St.  Mary's  river,  on  the 
12th  November,  1775,  I  was  guide  through  the  country 
about  200  miles,  and  it  was  not  without  the  utmost 
difficulty  and  danger  that  I  carried  them,  and  passed 
myself,  quite  safe  and  unsuspected,  through  all  that 
extent  of  thick  settled  country,  where  I  was  perfectly 
known  to  every  one,  and  without  being  discovered  my- 
self. 

When  we  got  over  the  mountains,  Lieut.  Col.  Con- 
nolly, being  within  his  own  knowledge,  undertook  to 
conduct  us,  and  he  was  unfortunately  discovered  by  a 
little  hatter,  formerly  of  his  acquaintance  at  Pitts- 
burgh; by  this  means  we  were  all  taken  that  night.  I 
mentioned  the  danger  to  Col.  Connolly  immediately 
after  he  spoke  to  the  hatter,  and  begged  him  to  change 
his  rout,  but  he  would  not  be  prevailed  upon,  saying 
there  was  no  danger.  I  would  then  have  left  him,  and 
provided  for  my  own  safety,  had  it  not  been  for  the 
f omer  ridiciulous  suspicions  against  me  at  Norfolk,  but 
on  that  account  I  determined  to  stand  or  fall  with  him, 
and  wait  the  event  with  patience,  should  captivity  or 
even  death  be  the  consequence.  Accordingly,  as  I 
dreaded,  we  were  made  prisoners  that  very  night. 

Soon  after  this,  all  my  property  was  sold  and  con- 
fiscated, viz.  12  negroes  and  servants  in  Maryland,  and 
15  in  Virginia,  25  fine  English  horses,  mares  and  colts, 
50  head  of  English  cattle,  100  English  sheep,  140  hogs, 
4  hogsheads  of  tobacco,  4000  bushels  of  wheat,  1500 
bushels  of  corn,  besides  all  my  plantation  utensils, 
houshold  and  shop  furniture,  £300.  value  of  medicines, 
a  small  schooner,  and  a  sailing  boat,  &c.,  &c. 

It  was  on  the  night  of  the  19th  Nov.  1775,  that  Col. 
Connolly,  Lieut.  Cameron,  and  myself,  were  made 
prisoners  in  Frederick  county,  Maryland,  over  the 
blue  ridge  of  mountains,  by  36  riflemen,  who  rushed 
suddenly  into  our  room,  and  with  cock'd  rifles  pre- 
sented at  us  in  bed,  obliged  us  to  surrender.  They, 


Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers.       157 

without  the  least  provocation,  abused  us  with  every 
opprobrious  epithet  language  is  capable  of.  We  were 
then  carried  to  a  Committee  in  Hagar's  Town,  and  ex- 
amined separately,  after  being  searched  for  papers. 
This  Committee  was  ignorant,  rude,  and  abusive,  and 
sent  us  under  a  strong  guard  to  Frederick  Town,  for 
farther  examination. 

They  were  continually  threatening  our  lives,  and  as 
we  went  along,  the  guard  in  the  rear  every  now  and 
then  would  fire  off  a  rifle  directed  very  near  us,  as  I 
could  hear  the  ball  pass  within  a  few  feet  of  us  every 
time.  At  Frederick  Town  I  was  told,  that  I  need  not 
expect  to  get  clear,  for  I  was  a  noted  Tory,  and  they 
had  long  wished  to  get  me  in  their  power.  Here  we 
were  stripped  and  searched,  and  examined  again  sepa- 
rately before  the  Committee,  and  one  of  the  most  in- 
famous wicked  rebels,  a  Samuel  Chace,  a  lawyer,  mem- 
ber of  the  Congress,  presided.  By  some  neglect  of 
Col.  Connolly's  servant,  an  old  torn  piece  of  paper 
was  found  in  his  portmanteau,  which  discovered  part 
of  our  design,  and  Col.  Connolly,  to  prevent  our  falling 
immediate  sacrifices  to  a  frantic  mob,  acknowledged  our 
commissions.  We  were  then  robbed  of  our  money,  by 
Samuel  Chace  and  the  Committee,  who  left  us  only  a 
guinea  each,  and  were  put  under  a  strong  guard,  in  a 
close  room  three  stories  high,  the  windows  nailed  down, 
and  no  person  allowed  to  speak  to  us,  and  denied  the 
use  of  pen,  ink,  and  paper.  Thus  we  were  kept,  in  con- 
tinual danger  every  night,  until  December  30th  1775, 
when  the  Congress  sent  for  us  to  Philadelphia.  It  had 
been  ordered,  that  if  we  should  be  taken  on  our  way, 
we  should  attempt,  either  by  escape  or  otherwise,  to 
inform  the  garrison  of  Detroit  of  an  expedition  the 
rebels  intended  against  them  from  Pittsburg,  and  also 
to  bring  the  garrison  of  fort  Gage  on  Missisippi, 
artillery,  stores,  &c.  down  the  river,  and  by  transports, 
round  to  join  the  14th  regt.  at  Norfolk.  For  this  pur- 


158      Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers. 

pose  on  the  30th  December  at  night,  1775,  I  watched 
the  moment  the  two  centinels  fell  asleep  on  their  posts 
at  the  door,  and  unscrewing  the  lock,  made  my  escape, 
with  letters,  and  every  necessary  order,  but  was  obliged 
to  leave  all  my  cloaths.  There  was  a  deep  encrusted 
snow,  and  most  dreadful  roads,  so  that  my  journey  was 
beyond  expression  fatiguing,  especially  as  I  left  my 
horse,  and  went  on  foot,  to  prevent  any  suspicion  of 
my  rout;  as  no  one  could  imagine,  that  a  journey  over 
the  Alegany  mountains  to  Missisippi  and  Detroit,  would 
be  attempted  at  that  season  of  the  year,  by  any  person 
alone  and  on  foot.  To  pass  along  with  more  privacy, 
I  endeavoured  to  go  up  the  other  side  of  Potomack 
river,  but  in  attempting  to  cross  on  the  ice,  broke  in, 
and  almost  got  lost;  it  was  snowing  and  freezing  at 
the  same  time,  and  I  had  seven  miles  over  the  moun- 
tains to  go,  before  I  came  to  a  house  to  warm  myself. 
At  last,  when  I  reached  it,  there  was  no  fire,  and  I  could 
not  stay,  so  I  travelled  in  that  wet  and  frozen  condition 
all  day,  and  at  night  lay  before  the  fire,  at  the  house  of 
a  poor  ignorant  Dutchman. 

On  the  1st  January,  1776,  I  reached  the  mouth  of 
Connicochege  at  sun-rise.  It  was  frozen  half  over,  I 
broke  the  ice,  stripped  and  waded  it  through,  up  to  my 
breast,  and,  hearing  of  a  pursuit,  struck  off  the  road 
into  the  north  mountain,  travelled  all  day  through  fa- 
tiguing and  encrusted  snow,  and  stayed  during  the  night 
(for  I  slept  not)  under  a  rock  in  the  mountain. 

Jan.  2d,  travelled  all  day  in  the  mountain,  and  at 
night  scraped  away  the  snow  by  the  side  of  a  tree,  made 
a  fire,  and  slept  a  little.  On  the  3d  January  directed 
my  course  towards  the  road  again,  being  then  behind 
the  pursuit,  and  stayed  all  night  at  a  miserable  house 
by  the  fire,  I  passed  by  the  name  of  Brescoe.  Here  I 
heard  a  thousand  falshoods  told  about  me,  and  was 
obliged  to  join  in  the  abuse  against  myself;  they  all  said, 
that  we  ought  immediately  to  have  been  put  to  death 
when  taken. 


Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers.       159 

On  the  4th  Jan.  I  had  three  violent  falls  on  the  ice, 
hy  which  I  received  a  bad  strain  in  one  ankle,  and  a 
deep  wound  in  my  opposite  foot;  this  rendered  travel- 
ling excessively  painful.  However  with  me  there  was 
no  alternative  but  death  to  stop,  or  life  to  proceed ;  and 
in  this  distressing  manner  I  continued  to  push  on,  until 
the  12th  of  January,  when  after  wading  numbers  of 
creeks  and  rivers,  and  getting  over  the  Alegany  moun- 
tains, I  was  retaken  on  the  Yohiogeny,  close  by  the 
Ohio,  by  a  party  of  nine  ruffians  returning  from  Pitts- 
burg  in  pursuit  of  me.  They  set  me  on  a  pack  horse, 
on  a  wooden  pack  saddle,  tied  my  arms  behind  me,  and 
my  legs  under  the  horse's  belly,  took  off  the  bridle,  and 
put  a  great  bell  on  the  horse,  and  in  that  manner  they 
drove  the  horse  and  me  before  them,  over  slippery  ways 
covered  with  ice,  and  over  all  the  dreadful  precipices 
of  the  Alegany  and  Blue  mountains,  for  the  first  day 
and  night,  and  for  the  next  three  days;  every  night 
lying  on  the  bare  ground.  Travelling  in  this  violent 
rapid  manner,  as  I  am  informed  since,  saved  me,  as  a 
Captain  and  thirty  men  from  near  Pittsburg,  pursued 
us,  under  oath  to  kill  me,  then  they  heard  I  was  retaken, 
and  after  riding  after  us  a  day  and  a  half,  despairing 
to  overtake  us,  they  returned.  During  all  this  time  I 
tasted  nothing  but  water,  and  had  but  one  meal  of  in- 
different food,  which  probably  in  some  degree  con- 
tributed also  to  my  recovery,  by  abating  the  inflamma- 
tion of  the  wound  in  my  foot,  and  the  strain  in  my 
ankle,  both  of  which  were  prodigiously  swelled,  and 
so  violently  painful,  that  for  my  life  I  could  not  walk 
a  hundred  yards,  and  entirely  deprived  me  of  sleep.  I 
was  then  delivered  up  again  to  the  Committee  of 
Hagar  's  Town,  who  made  use  of  every  artifice  of  prom- 
ises and  threats  to  corrupt  my  principles,  and  when  all 
would  not  avail,  ordered  me  to  be  carried  to  the  Con- 
gress to  Philadelphia,  in  irons.  A  fresh  guard,  with  a 
Major,  a  Captain,  two  Lieutenants,  &c.  then  set  off 


160     Journal  of  Capt.  Smyili,  Queen9 s  Rangers. 

with  me,  tied  as  before,  and  my  horse  tied  also  with 
two  ropes,  and  led  by  two  of  the  guard,  accompanied 
with  drum  and  fife,  beating  the  rogue's  march,  which 
they  seemed  particularly  fond  of.  Fifteen  miles  from 
Frederick  Town,  a  Captain  and  fifty  rebels  came  to 
take  me  from  my  guard,  to  carry  me  back  to  Frederick 
Town,  to  two  hundred  more,  who  had  assembled,  and 
were  waiting  there  to  murder  me  at  once,  in  order  as 
they  said,  to  save  the  country  expence.  It  required  no 
small  address  to  persuade  this  rabble  out  of  their  in- 
tentions, as  they  were  sent  by  the  rest  on  purpose,  but 
at  last  they  suffered  us  to  proceed.  They  carried  me 
through  Crissop's  Town,  Hancock's  Town,  Little 
Town,  M'Allastar's  Town,  York,  and  Lancaster;  in 
each  of  the  last  places  I  was  lodged  in  goal ;  and  at  last 
arrived  at  Philadelphia,  dragged  all  this  way,  being 
several  hundred  miles,  like  a  criminal  or  felon  going 
to  execution.  The  Congress,  to  express  their  approba- 
tion of  the  cruelty  and  zeal  of  those  who  retook  me, 
gave  each  of  them  a  commission,  and  fifteen  pounds  to 
bear  each  of  their  expences,  and  to  the  principal, 
seventy-five  dollars  extraordinary,  and  a  captain's 
commission  of  riflemen,  as  a  reward.  By  the  Congress 
I  was  sent  to  the  Council  of  Safety  (properly  of  de- 
struction) and  by  them  to  the  common  goal,  where  a 
very  large  pair  of  irons  were  brought  for  me,  but  a 
gentleman  present  went  out  and  got  an  order  against 
it.  I  was  then  thrown  into  a  room  in  the  criminal 
apartment,  the  door  constantly  locked,  no  person,  even 
in  the  goal,  allowed  to  speak  to  me,  in  a  cold  vaulted 
room,  without  bed,  blanket,  or  straw,  chair  or  table 
obliged  to  lye  on  the  bare  floor,  with  a  log  of  wood  under 
my  head,  in  the  middle  of  a  severe  winter,  and  some- 
times three  days  without  a  drop  of  water  or  any  kind  of 
drink.  In  this  condition  I  remained  for  three  weeks, 
and  without  changing  my  shirt,  or  having  my  cloths 
off  for  thirty-three  days ;  also  very  sick,  and  very  lame. 


Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers.       161 

To  think  on  all  I  suffered,  one  would  imagine  that 
human  nature  could  hardly  support  it;  but  a  man  can 
at  some  times  undergo  much  more  than  would  at  other 
times  destroy  him. 

Imagining  that  they  intended  in  that  manner  to  take 
away  my  life,  I  wrote  with  a  pencil  on  a  card  (nothing 
else  being  allowed  me)  desiring  they  would  order  me 
to  immediate  execution,  and  not  destroy  me  by  inches. 
They  then  had  me  brought  before  them,  and  behaved 
very  politely  to  me,  making  apologies  for  what  was 
past,  and  promising  better  in  future,  but  declared  their 
astonishment  at  my  desperate  attempt,  as  they  called 
it,  of  reaching  Detroit  or  Illinois,  alone,  and  on  foot, 
at  that  season  of  the  year,  through  a  hostile  country, 
and  without  money  (as  I  had  only  the  guinea  the  Com- 
mittee had  left  me).  But  although  they  promised  to 
render  my  confinement  more  supportable,  yet  I  was 
ordered  back  to  goal,  almost  in  the  same  situation  as 
before.  I  take  this  opportunity  to  acknowledge  many 
obligations  to  Captain  Duncan  Campbell,  of  the  Eoyal 
Emigrants,  who  was  at  that  time  also  a  close  prisoner, 
and  did  me  every  service  in  his  power,  that  my  pre- 
cluded situation  would  admit  of.  Capt.  Campbell  about 
this  time  was  so  ill  that  he  was  in  great  danger  of 
death,  having  been  in  goal  four  months,  and  at  last 
only  to  save  his  life,  they  admitted  him  to  parole.  I 
was  then  removed  into  his  room  in  the  front,  with  Mr. 
Kirkland;  and  Major  General  Prescot  was  put  into 
the  room  in  the  criminal  apartment  I  was  taken  out 
of,  where  he  was  kept  until  the  dampness  of  the  walls, 
and  the  unwholesomeness  of  the  place,  caused  his 
wounds  to  break  out  afresh;  then  he  was  removed. 
After  some  days  the  goaler  brought  me  a  paper  con- 
taining a  dirty  scandalous  parole,  which  he  said,  was 
sent  to  me  to  sign,  as  they  wanted  to  atone  now  for  my 
former  ill  usage.  One  Mr.  Nixon  had  interested  him- 
self to  procure  it;  but  as  Lt.-Col.  Connolly  and  Lieut. 
VOL.  XXXIX.— 11 


162      Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers. 

Cameron  were  not  offered  their  paroles  also,  I  refused 
to  sign  it,  and  was  then  put  into  the  room  along  with 
them.  In  two  days  after,  Lt.  Col.  Connolly  got  the 
liberty  of  the  goal  at  large  and  another  room,  but  they 
nailed  down  the  windows  on  Lieut.  Cameron  and  me, 
and  chained  the  door,  so  as  not  to  admit  a  breath  of 
fresh  air  to  us,  debarred  the  use  of  pen  and  ink,  no 
person  whatever  allowed  to  see  or  speak  to  us,  and 
totally  precluded  from  the  whole  world,  as  effectually 
as  if  we  had  been  in  our  graves ;  in  this  manner  were 
we  kept  for  six  months,  until  our  lives  were  despaired 
of,  which  was  represented  to  the  Congress,  by  Dr.  B. 
Bush,  Dr.  Cadwalader,  and  Dr.  Bond,  in  written  me- 
morials. That  distrustful  junto  ordered  a  committee  of 
themselves,  composed  of  a  Mr.  Wilcot,  and  a  Thomas 
McKean  of  Newcastle,  to  come  to  us,  and  see  our  situa- 
tion and  state  of  health. 

Mr.  Wilcot  talked  like  a  moderate  man,  but  the  vio- 
lent raging  rebel  McKean,  introduced  himself  by  abus- 
ing, in  the  grossest  terms,  the  King,  Parliament,  and 
Ministry;  the  whole  army  and  navy;  and  particularly 
Lord  Dunmore  and  General  Prescot.  He  told  us,  for 
our  comfort,  that  we  should  be  retained  for  retaliation ; 
that  if  Allen,  or  Proctor,  or  any  of  their  leaders  were 
executed,  we  should  share  the  same  fate ;  said  we  ought 
to  think  ourselves  very  happy,  not  to  be  in  irons,  as 
their  prisoners  were  always  kept  in  irons  by  the 
British.  In  order  to  preserve  us  for  that  purpose,  he 
ordered  our  windows  to  be  opened;  after  some  time 
an  order  came  from  Congress  permitting  us  to  walk 
two  hours  every  day,  with  two  centinels,  in  a  hot,  nasty, 
suffocating  yard  of  the  goal.  But  this  was  allowed  us 
only  for  a  few  days.  All  this  time  the  goaler  charged 
us  four  dollars  a  week  each,  for  our  diet  only,  though 
very  indifferent,  and  twenty  shillings  a  week  for  fire 
and  candle.  The  Congress  allowed  us  only  two  dollars 
weekly  each,  so  that  this  infamous  villian  the  goaler, 


Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers.       163 

extorted  every  farthing  of  money  from  us,  as  far  as 
our  credit  then  would  go.  But  being  determined  not 
to  run  in  debt,  I  refused  to  pay  them  any  more  than 
the  Congress  allowed,  and  was  obliged  to  subsist  five 
weeks  upon  bread  and  water  alone.  The  goaler's  name 
was  Tho.  Dewees,  as  tyrannical,  cruel,  infamous  a  vil- 
lian  as  ever  existed.  Some  time  before  this  Major 
M 'Donald,  and  twenty-five  prisoners  from  Carolina 
were  brought  to  goal,  forced  to  march  all  the  way  from 
Carolina  on  foot.  They  were  confined  in  these  close 
rooms  for  six  weeks,  and  were  then  allowed  the  liberty 
of  the  goal  only  every  third  day.  The  Congress  in  July, 
put  in  two  new  goalers  of  the  name  Jewell,  if  possible 
more  cruel  and  tyrannical  than  the  former,  and  ordered 
the  old  goaler,  and  all  the  debtors  and  criminals  to 
another  prison;  and  kept  only  what  they  called  prison- 
ers of  state  in  ours.  The  cruelties  practised  there  are 
almost  incredible,  and  at  least  equal  to  the  Spanish 
inquisition  prison.  The  goal  was  constantly  guarded 
by  one  centinel  on  each  side  without,  two  in  the  front, 
two  in  the  yard,  three  in  the  passage  below,  and  three 
within  the  passage  above,  and  the  guard  room  in  the 
prison.  The  restrictions  on  us  were  so  severe,  that  we 
were  not  allowed  to  speak  to  any  in  different  rooms. 
Sept.  20th,  Jewell  accused  me  of  speaking  to  Col.  Con- 
nolly, and  ordered  a  Serjeant  and  nine  men  to  carry 
me  into  a  nasty  guard  room,  then  into  a  damp  cold 
empty  room,  where  I  was  obliged  to  lie  on  the  bare 
floor,  and  that  gave  me  a  violent  cholic.  I  was  ex- 
tremely ill,  without  any  care  or  notice  taken  of  me, 
and  lay  in  that  sick  helpless  condition,  locked  up  in  a 
room  by  myself,  without  the  least  assistance  whatso- 
ever. Soon  after  that  I  was  seized  with  a  dysentery, 
which  continued  on  me  seven  weeks,  and  reduced  me 
to  the  point  of  death,  yet  still  I  was  locked  up  without 
any  care,  attendance,  or  notice.  Dr.  Benjamin  Eush, 
one  of  the  Congress,  a  man  eminent  in  Physic,  but  as 


164     Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers. 

eminent  in  rebellion  and  still  more  so  in  deceit,  after 
tantalizing  me  with  hopes  of  a  parole,  exchange,  and 
professions  of  very  great  regard  and  commiseration, 
one  day  informed  me,  that  many  members  of  the  Con- 
gress said  they  personally  knew  me  to  be  so  deter- 
minedly inimical  to  the  American  States,  and  that  I 
had  always  used  such  interest  and  influence  against 
them,  that  I  need  not  expect  any  kind  of  indulgence 
whatsoever,  not  even  to  save  life. 

Thanks  to  Heaven  I  recovered ;  then  Lieut.  Cameron, 
Lieut  McLean,  and  myself,  were  put  in  a  room  together, 
selected  from  the  rest,  to  experience  the  dire  effects 
of  their  inhuman  malice,  and  a  centinel  placed  at  our 
door,  to  prevent  our  speaking  or  being  spoken  to.  In 
December,  the  goaler  came  with  a  guard,  and  plundered 
us  again,  under  pretence  of  searching  for  papers,  and 
abused  us  in  the  most  injurious  manner.  December 
3  Oth,  the  Carolina  prisoners  were  sent  off  to  Baltimore 
under  a  guard,  and  on  the  llth,  sixty  Jersey  men  from 
Shrewsbury,  were  sent  away  tied  with  ropes  to  each 
other,  under  a  small  guard.  Our  confinement  was  now 
become  so  insupportable,  that  even  death  would  have 
been  an  agreeable  deliverance.  This  set  us  on  a  des- 
perate scheme  of  breaking  through ;  and  with  incredible 
difficulty  and  labour  we  got  through  the  vaulting,  cut 
afterward  with  a  pen-knife  through  a  two  inch  plank, 
and  got  up,  by  the  cupola,  on  the  top  of  the  house, 
intending  to  decend  on  a  rope,  to  cross  the  Delaware, 
and  push  for  the  British  army  then  at  Burlington,  only 
eighteen  miles  off.  But  our  rope,  consisting  of  sheets, 
blankets,  &c.  gave  way  with  Cameron,  who  decended 
first ;  and  he  fell  forty-eight  feet  perpendicular  on  the 
pavement.  His  life  was  miraculously  saved,  but  his 
bones  were  broke ;  and  he  has  suffered  amazingly  ever 
since.  McLean  and  I  were  then  stripped  of  our  money, 
papers,  and  every  individual  thing  we  had,  even  my 
journal,  and  were  thrown  into  the  dungeon  for  con- 


Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers.       165 

demned  felons,  without  light,  or  bedcloaths,  or  even 
our  great  coats  to  preserve  us  from  the  intense  cold; 
and  without  food  or  drink  for  twenty-four  hours.  Here 
I  expected  nothing  but  to  end  my  days  in  misery,  but 
the  goodness  and  justice  of  our  cause  supported  my 
spirits,  and  I  felt  nothing  for  myself;  all  my  distress 
was  for  poor  Cameron,  as  they  all  cried,  "let  him  die1 
and  be  damned, "  and  wished  me  the  same  condition. 
In  this  situation  they  kept  us  until  orders  were  given 
for  our  removal  to  Baltimore,  as  they  every  day  ex- 
pected an  attack  on  Philadelphia.  They  then  brought 
out  twenty  of  us  in  all,  viz.  seven  gentlemen,  eight 
privates  belonging  to  the  twenty-third  and  other  regi- 
ments, and  five  sailors:  put  us  in  irons,  every  two 
ironed  together,  and  with  a  guard  of  fifty  or  sixty 
chosen  Dutchmen,  marched  us  on  foot  to  Baltimore, 
and  that  night  lodged  us  in  Chester  goal,  without  tak- 
ing off  our  irons  at  all.  The  irons  kept  me  from  sleep 
every  night,  besides  they  were  two  small,  causing  me 
to  swell  prodigiously,  and  were  very  painful.  Yet  in 
this  condition  they  marched  us  until  ten  o'clock  every 
night,  which  was  particularly  severe  on  me,  who  had 
been  then  close  confined  thirteen  months  in  a  room, 
without  any  kind  of  exercise,  so  that  my  feet  were 
covered  with  blisters.  At  the  head  of  Elk,  at  the  head 
of  Chesapeak  Bay,  we  were  put  on  board  of  one  pri- 
vateer, and  our  baggage  on  board  of  another.  There 
were  two  rebel  Colonels,  one  Price,  a  hatter,  and  G-unby, 
formerly  a  skipper  of  a  bay  craft,  that  maltreated  and 
insulted  us  very  much.  They  took  possession  of  the 
cabin,  &c.  and  we  were  thrown  indiscriminately  into  the 
hold,  without  any  thing  to  lie  on  but  pig  iron  and  stones, 
and  no  kind  of  covering.  The  snow  was  falling  fast 
upon  us,  and  they  would  not  suffer  the  hatches  to  be 
shut  to  keep  it  off.  In  this  condition  we  were  kept  for 
two  days  and  nights,  every  two  chained  together ;  under 
a  guard  of  sixty  awkward  Dutchmen,  besides  the  pri- 


166     Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers. 

vateer's  crew,  until  we  arrived  at  Baltimore,  having 
but  one  very  indifferent  meal  of  food,  that  too  we 
brought  with  us,  and  through  the  whole  journey  we 
were  obliged  to  bear  our  own  expences.  The  skippers 
(or  if  you  please  to  call  them  captains)  of  these  pri- 
vateers were  most  notoriously  insulting  and  rebellious, 
their  names  Patterson  and  Eobinson.  At  Baltimore  we 
were  much  better  used,  only  the  two  Messrs.  Good- 
riches  were  selected  from  us  and  thrown  into  goal.  We 
were  kept  under  guard.  The  Maryland  matrosses 
mounted  guard  on  us  for  two  days,  then  the  Baltimore 
militia  for  the  two  days  more,  but  they  were  so  very 
friendly  to  us,  that  the  Congress  ordered  them  away, 
and  obliged  the  artillery  to  do  constant  duty.  There 
were  a  hundred  and  ten  of  them,  and  fifty-two  com- 
posed our  guard.  They  were  almost  all  Europeans, 
and  generally  friendly,  so  that  could  I  have  brought 
them  clear  off,  the  greatest  part  would  have  come  away 
with  me.  There  were  seven  always  on  duty  on  us. 
Four  of  us  escaped  into  an  adjoining  empty  room,  and 
from  the  window  of  it  we  descended  by  a  small  rope, 
which  cut  my  hands  very  much,  by  slipping  through 
them.  I  had  provided  a  sloop,  seven  miles  below  the 
fort  and  chain,  and  by  the  assistance  of  a  guide  got  on 
board,  and  by  next  night  we  were  in  Hooper's  Streights, 
above  a  hundred  miles,  after  being  much  alarmed  by 
a  little  privateer  that  kept  about  us.  I  landed  first, 
and  soon  found  friends  from  whom  we  met  with  a  most 
cordial  protection,  as  they  offered  me  two  hundred  men 
to  guard  us  to  Lewes  Town,  about  sixty  miles.  But 
we  chose  to  travel  in  the  night  with  only  two,  whose 
names  I  must  now  conceal,  as  they  are  yet  in  the  power 
of  the  rebels.  This  was  the  llth  January,  1777.  At 
the  mouth  of  Delaware  we  expected  to  find  the  Boebuck, 
but  she  sailed  from  there  the  8th,  and  from  that  time 
no  ship  of  war  had  touched  at  that  important  station, 
until  the  12th  March,  except  the  Falcon,  which  landed 


Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers.       167 

some  prisoners,  and  burnt  a  schooner  at  the  mouth  of 
Indian  river,  on  the  20th  January. 

Capt.  Linzee  of  the  Falcon,  though  he  landed  some 
prisoners  near  the  place  where  we  were,  could  not  be 
prevailed  on  to  wait,  only  two  hours  for  us,  although 
he  was  earnestly  in  treated  to  do  so  by  Mr.  Slater,  who 
got  on  board  his  barge  in  a  punt  that  could  carry  but 
two  persons,  and  he  was  by  him  particularly  informed 
that  we  were  British  prisoners,  escaped  from  a  long 
and  most  cruel  confinement,  and  that  two  of  the  first 
gentleman  of  property  and  interest  in  the  country  were 
with  us,  wanting  much  to  get  on  board,  being  driven 
from  their  homes  to  avoid  the  persecution  of  the  rebels. 
This  was  exceedingly  discouraging  to  all  the  friends 
to  government,  and  one  of  the  most  truly  mortifying 
disappointments  to  us  we  ever  met  with ;  next  morning 
we  viewed  the  ocean  with  many  a  longing  earnest  look, 
still  flattering  ourselves  with  hope  that  the  ship  might 
return,  but  all  in  vain. 

I  continued  with  the  two  gentlemen  I  have  just  men- 
tioned, T.  Eobinson  and  B.  Manlove  Esqrs.,  well  armed, 
and  we  all  kept  concealed,  until  another  ship  of  war 
should  arrive  on  the  coast.  During  this  time  the  rebel 
frigate  Randolph  of  36  guns,  came  down  from  Philadel- 
phia, proudly  cruised  off  and  on  the  Cape  for  three 
days,  then  stood  out  to  sea.  Taking  her  for  a  king's 
ship,  we  had  almost  gone  on  board,  but  soon  were  un- 
deceived by  our  friends,  who  were  indefatigable  in 
assisting  us. 

During  our  concealment  an  insurrection  of  the  loyal- 
ists happened  in  Somerset  and  Worster  counties,  con- 
cerning some  assistance  afforded  us  -in  escaping. 
Eleven  hundred  loyalists  had  assembled;  but  as  there 
was  no  prospect  of  any  support,  I  took  the  greatest 
pains  to  persuade  them  to  disperse  peaceably,  and  at 
length  effected  it,  which  at  that  time  saved  them  from 
utter  ruin. 


168     Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers. 

Apprehensive  of  being  discovered,  and  despairing  of 
a  man  of  war  arriving  on  the  coast,  we  were  forming 
many  schemes  of  proceeding  to  New  York;  sometimes 
of  crossing  the  bay  and  travelling  by  land,  sometimes 
of  rowing  in  a  canoe  all  along  the  coast,  and  many 
more  equally  hazardous  and  enterprizing.  At  last,  on 
the  12th  March,  we  saw  two  ships  of  war  and  a  sloop 
standing  towards  the  Cape,  and  at  night  eleven  of  us 
set  out  in  a  pettiauger,  with  oars,  from  Behoboth  bay; 
we  had  six  miles  to  row  to  get  out  of  the  inlet  over 
the  bar,  and  afterwards  eighteen  miles  out  at  sea,  to 
reach  the  place  where  we  expected  the  ships  would 
anchor.  The  night  was  very  dark,  stormy,  and  bluster- 
ing, with  much  thunder,  lightning,  wind  and  rain ;  hav- 
ing rowed  above  eighteen  miles,  a  violent  squall  right 
a  head  obliged  us  to  turn  back,  but  we  could  not  get 
on  shore  for  the  breakers,  which  ran  prodigiously  high. 
The  night  was  so  dark  we  could  not  possibly  find  the 
channel  over  the  bar  of  the  inlet,  without  being  all 
dashed  to  pieces;  so  we  went  about  once  more,  and 
stood  again  for  the  cape.  Having  rowed  backwards, 
and  forwards  to  no  purpose  the  greater  part  of  the 
night,  in  search  of  a  ship,  a  perfect  storm  forced  us  to 
land,  and,  as  it  happened  to  be  close  by  a  rebel  guard, 
we  were  obliged  to  remain  without  fire,  noise  or  motion 
on  the  open  beach,  in  the  rain  and  snow,  which  was 
then  deep,  until  daybreak,  when  we  set  out  again,  and 
after  rowing  about  for  a  long  time  in  a  prodigious 
thick  fog,  we  heard  a  cock  crow,  and  thereby  found 
the  Preston,  in  such  a  mist  that  the  ship  was  not  visible 
twenty  yards.  My  joy  was  inexpres sable  on  seeing 
the  name  Preston  on  her  stern,  being  in  some  appre- 
hensions of. rebel  frigates.  I  never  parted  with  my 
arms  until  I  got  on  board,  then  I  sent  them  all  back. 
The  worthy  Commodore  Hotham,  and  all  the  officers 
on  board  received  us  in  the  most  kind  and  friendly 


Journal  of  Capt.  Smyth,  Queen's  Rangers.       169 

manner,  so  that  it  almost  effaced  the  remembrance  of 
our  disappointment  from  the  Falcon. 

We  had  not  been  half  an  hour  on  board,  when  the 
most  violent  hurricane  from  the  land  came  on  that  ever 
I  saw;  it  was  so  sudden  and  so  violent,  that  before  our 
canoe  could  be  got  on  board,  it  tore  the  iron  bolt  from 
her  head,  drove  her  away,  and  filled  her  in  an  instant; 
it  also  drove  the  Preston  out  to  sea;  and  every  officer 
on  board  repeatedly  congratulated  us  on  our  most  for- 
tunate escape;  because  had  we  not  found  the  ship, 
(which  was  astonishing  in  such  a  fog)  we  must  every 
man  have  inevitably  perished,  as  she  was  four  or  five 
leagues  from  land,  and  we  could  not  have  got  one 
league  farther  before  the  storm  came  on. 

Very  fortunately  we  immediately  got  a  passage  to 
New  York  in  the  Daphne,  which  convoyed  four  fine 
prizes  safe  into  port  on  the  19th  March,  and  shall  never 
forget  the  particular  obligations  I  am  under  to  the 
worthy  Capt.  Chinery,  and  every  one  of  the  officers  of 
the  Daphne,  for  their  truly  kind,  hospitable  and 
friendly  treatment,  during  the  whole  time  since  we  were 
on  board. 

I  have  omitted  a  thousand  instances  of  the  most 
mortifying  cruelty  and  insult  I  continually  met  with, 
during  near  eighteen  months  captivity,  and  have  only 
related  plain  matters  of  fact,  without  the  least  heighten- 
ing or  embellishment,  the  truth  of  all  which  can  be 
vouched  for  by  numbers  of  the  best  authority  and 
credit,  as  well  as  by 

J.  F.  D.  Smyth, 
Captain  Queen's  Rangers. 
New-York,  Dec  25.,  1777. 


170    First  Coal  Mining  Company  of  LeMgh  Region. 


THE  FIEST  COAL  MINING  COMPANY  OF  THE 
LEHIGH  EEGION. 

The  "Lehigh  Coal  Mine  Company,"  the  first  organi- 
zation for  the  mining  of  "  stone  coals "  in  the  Lehigh 
region,  was  formed  in  February  of  1792,  by  Col.  Jacob 
Weiss  and  Judge  William  Henry,  of  Northampton 
county;  Charles  Cist  and  Michael  Hillegas,  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  others.  They  purchased  of  Colonel  Weiss 
a  tract  of  land  at  Summit  Hill,  on  which  coal  had  been 
discovered,  and  later  added  considerably  more  acreage. 
Colonel  Weiss  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  during  the 
Eevolution  was  commissioned  a  Lieutenant  Colonel  in 
the  Commissary  Department,  where  he  served  with 
efficiency.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  purchased  of 
the  Moravian  Church  the  tract  of  700  acres,  on  part 
of  which  Fort  Allen  had  been  erected  by  Col.  Ben- 
jamin Franklin,  and  in  1785  removed  his  family 
thither.  In  1817  he  laid  out  the  present  town  of  Weiss- 
port,  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Lehigh,  where  he  died 
in  1839.  His  name  is  intimately  associated  with  all  the 
early  efforts  to  improve  that  section  of  the  Lehigh 
Valley.  Lehighton,  directly  opposite  Weissport,  was 
laid  out  in  1810  by  Judge  William  Henry,  then  a  resi- 
dent of  Nazareth.  Near  the  town  was  a  mineral  spring, 
the  water  of  which,  in  Colonial  days,  was  much  in  d&- 
mand  in  Philadelphia. 

Coal  was  mined  by  the  company,  but  after  fruitless 
endeavors  to  market  it  at  remunerative  prices,  via  the 
Lehigh  Eiver,  the  stockholders  became  tired  of  paying 
assessments  and  suffered  the  enterprise  to  be  idle  for 
some  years.  Attempts  were  also  made  to  introduce  it 
locally  by  land  carriage,  but  only  with  partial  success, 
because  of  the  ignorance  and  prejudice  against  its  use. 


First  Coal  Mining  Company  of  Lehigh  Region.    171 

In  the  account  books  of  Judge  Henry  there  is  an 
entry  made  in  1798,  of  his  having  purchased  of  the  com- 
pany 114  bushels  of  "  stone  coals, "  for  which  he  paid 
five  shillings  per  bushel  (about  $18  to  $20  per  ton), 
delivered  at  his  Gun  Works,  at  Nazareth.  One  of  his 
smiths  was  directed  to  make  use  of  the  coal,  but  after 
three  or  four  days  trial,  altering  the  fire  places  fre- 
quently and  using  every  possible  means  to  make  it 
burn,  but  all  to  no  purpose,  became  impatient  and  in 
a  passion  threw  all  coal  in  the  shop  into  the  street.  In 
1808,  there  also  appears  a  charge  for  thirty-seven 
bushels  of  "  stone  coals, "  sent  to  Oliver  Evans,  of  Mars 
Iron  Works. 

To  endeavor  to  render  their  property  available,  the 
company  granted  individual  leases,  but  these  proved 
unprofitable  and  were  given  up.  Towards  the  close  of 
the  year  1813,  a  lease  of  their  land  for  ten  years  was 
made  to  Messrs.  Miner,  Cist  and  Robinson,  but  they, 
finding  the  business  unremunerative,  abandoned  the 
business.  Finally  the  property  came  into  the  posses- 
sion of  the  Lehigh  Coal  Company,  later  the  Lehigh 
Coal  and  Navigation  Company. 

The  Lehigh  Coal  Mine  Company  was  never  char- 
tered, but  the  following  is  a  copy  of  the  prospectus 
that  was  issued : 


Lehigh  Coal  Mine  Company. 

JACOB  WEISS,  of  Northampton  County  in  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania,  one  of  the  subscribers  hereto,  having 
discovered  a  certain  Coal  Mine  on  a  Tract  of  about 
Seven  Hundred  and  Seventy  Acres  of  Land  of  his,  in 
said  County,  at  the  Distance  of  about  one  hundred 
Miles  from  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  about  ten 
Miles  from  the  Lehigh  below  the  Turn  Hole,  and  so 
situated  that  the  same  Coal  may  be  transported  to  the 
said  City  and  other  Places.  And  from  a  Trial  of  the  said 
Coal  made  by  different  Smiths,  it  appears  to  be  of  a 
Quality  superior  to  the  Coal  commonly  imported  into 


172    First  Coal  Mining  Company  of  Lehigh  Region. 

this  State.  And  the  said  Jacob  "Weiss  being  willing  to 
dispose  of  a  Part  of  the  same  in  Shares,  by  interesting 
other  Persons  in  the  Benefit  of  the  said  Coal,  Coal  Mine 
and  Tract  of  Land,  on  the  following  terms,  viz. 

That  the  whole  be  held  in  Fifty  Shares,  ten  of  which 
are  to  be  retained  and  held  by  the  said  Jacob  Weiss, 
and  the  other  forty  Shares  by  the  only  Subscribers 
hereto. 

That  for  each  of  those  forty  Shares  so  subscribed 
for,  there  shall  be  paid  to  the  said  Jacob  Weiss,  his 
Heirs  or  Assigns,  Two  Hundred  Dollars,  in  the  follow- 
ing Manner — One  fourth  Part  thereof,  viz  Fifty  Dol- 
lars as  soon  as  the  whole  forty  Shares  shall  be  sub- 
scribed for,  or  within  seven  Days  thereafter ;  One  other 
fourth  Part  or  fifty  Dollars  on  the  first  Day  of  October 
next;  And  the  remaining  two  fourths  Parts  or  one 
hundred  Dollars,  on  the  first  Day  of  June  One  Thou- 
sand Seven  Hundred  and  Ninety  Three. 

That  the  Payments  shall  be  punctually  made  on  or 
before  the  Days  and  Times  so  fixed  for  Payment;  a 
Failure  in  either  Payments  for  any  Share  or  Shares  to 
work  a  Forfeiture  of  the  whole  of  the  previous  Pay- 
ments on  account  of  such  Share  or  Shares  to  the  Com- 
pany, and  such  Share  or  Shares  thenceforth  to  be  dis- 
posed of  to  others,  so  that  the  Proportion  remaining 
due  to  the  said  Jacob  Weiss  be  paid. 

That  each  Subscribers  and  their  Successors  shall  be 
called  and  known  by  the  Name  of  THE  LEHIGH  COAL 
MINE  COMPANY. 

That  so  soon  as  the  whole  forty  Shares  shall  be  sub- 
scribed for,  the  three  first  Subscribers  of  the  same  shall 
give  written  Notice  of  at  least  three  Days,  of  the  Time 
and  Place,  when  and  where  the  several  Subscribers 
shall  assemble,  in  order  to  organize  the  Company  and 
proceed  to  chuse  from  among  themselves  a  President, 
eight  Managers  and  a  Treasurer  by  Ballot.  Each  Share 
to  be  entitled  to  one  Vote. 

That  the  Treasurer  for  the  Time  being  shall  give 
Bond  to  the  President  and  Managers  for  the  Use  of 
the  Company,  for  such  Sum  as  they  from  Time  to  Time 
shall  deam  necessary,  conditions  for  the  faithful  Per- 
formance of  his  Trust. 

That  the  President  and  other  Officers  shall  after  the 


First  Coal  Mining  Company  of  Lehigh  Region.    173 

first  Election  aforesaid,  be  annually  chosen  by  Ballot 
in  Manner  aforesaid,  on  the  third  Monday  of  January 
in  every  Year,  of  which  Meeting  and  Election,  or  of 
any  special  Meeting  that  shall  be  held,  Public  Notice, 
in  one  or  more  of  the  Public  News-papers  in  Philadel- 
phia. 

That  the  Company  shall  from  Time  to  Time  make 
such  Kules,  Regulations  and  By-Laws  as  shall  appear 
to  them  necessary  for  the  well  ordering  the  Affairs  of 
the  said  Company,  which  Rules,  Regulations  and  By- 
Laws  shall  be  regularly  entered  in  a  Journal  or  Book 
of  Minutes,  with  their  other  Proceedings  at  their  sev- 
eral Meetings,  the  whole  to  be  always  subject  (as  well 
as  all  their  other  Books  and  Accounts)  to  the  Inspection 
of  each  and  every  Member  of  the  Company. 

That  the  present  Subscription  Paper  or  Instrument 
of  Writing,  be  the  first  that  shall  be  copied  at  length 
in  the  said  Journal  or  Book  of  Minutes  as  a  Ground- 
Work  of  the  Company  hereby  formed. 

That  all  Transfers  of  Shares  of  the  said  Coal-Mine 
and  Land,  with  other  Property  thereto  at  the  Time 
belonging,  shall  be  occasionally  entered  in  the  said  Book 
of  Minutes. 

That  the  President  and  Managers  shall  have  full 
Power  and  Authority  to  enter  upon  the  said  Land  and 
to  employ  Factors,  Agents,  Collier's,  Boatmen,  La- 
bourers and  other  Workmen,  and  to  do  all  other  Things 
necessary  to  the  carrying  on  the  Work  and  Business 
of  the  Company. 

That  in  order  to  have  the  said  Coal-Mine  opened  and 
carried  on  to  the  Advantage  of  the  Concerned  as  soon 
as  possible,  the  President  and  Managers  shall  have  full 
Power  and  Authority  to  levy  a  Contribution  on  each  of 
the  fifty  Shares,  for  a  sum  not  exceeding  ten  Dollars, 
to  be  paid  severally  to  the  Treasurer,  within  the  Space 
of  ten  Days  after  Notice  shall  be  delivered  to  the  Par- 
ties by  the  said  Treasurer  of  such  Contribution  being 
laid.  " 

That  the  President  and  Managers  shall  have  full 
Power  to  draw  on  the  Treasurer  for  the  said  Money 
to  be  raised  by  Contribution,  in  Favour  of  such  Work- 
men as  they  shall  employ  in  Opening  and  Carrying  on 
said  Coal  Mine,  or  in  the  Transportation  of  the  Coal  &c. 


174    First  Coal  Mining  Company  of  Lehigh  Region. 

That  before  any  further  Contributions  than  the  above 
shall  be  laid  by  the  said  President  and  Managers  on 
the  Company,  the  Amount  thereof  shall  be  agreed  on 
by  a  Majority  of  Votes  according  to  the  Shares,  at  a 
Meeting,  to  be  held  in  Pursuance  of  a  regular  Notifi- 
cation as  aforesaid,  at  which  Time  the  Necessity  and 
Expediency  of  such  Contribution  shall  be  laid  before 
the  Company,  together  with  the  Plan  or  Proposals  of 
the  intended  Extension  of  their  Business  and  Trade. 

That  on  Payment  of  the  first  fifty  Dollars  per  Share 
on  the  said  forty  Shares,  to  the  said  Jacob  Weiss,  he 
shall  deliver  to  the  Subscribers  respectively  Beceipts 
(numbered  numerically)  for  such  Payments,  certifying 
that  such  Persons,  their  Heirs  and  Assigns  are  inter- 
ested one  fiftieth  Part  or  Share  in  the  said  Coal-Mine 
and  tract  of  Land,  delivering  one  Eeceipt  or  Certificate 
for  each  Share  so  subscribed  for,  therein  expressing, 
that  the  Sum  then  paid  and  received,  is  for  one  fourth 
Part  of  the  Consideration  Money  for  such  Share. 

That  on  the  Fulfilment  of  the  last  Payment,  to  wit, 
on  the  First  Day  of  June,  One  Thousand  Seven  Hun- 
dred and  Ninety  Three,  he  the  said  Jacob  Weiss  shall 
and  will  by  Deed  or  other  sufficient  Assurance  in  the 
Law,  convey  and  assure  to  the  Subscribers,  their  Heirs 
and  Assigns,  their  several  Parts  and  Shares,  in  Fee 
simple,  of  in  and  to  the  said  Coal-Mine  and  Seven  Hun- 
dred and  Seventy  Acres  of  Land  or  thereabouts. 

And  that  it  is  further  agreed  by  and  between  the 
said  Jacob  Weiss  and  the  other  Subscribers  to  these 
Articles,  that  in  Case  the  Subscribers  for  the  said  Forty 
Shares  shall  on  an  Inspection  of  the  said  Coal-Mine, 
at  any  Time  to  the  First  Day  of  October  next,  find 
that  the  said  Coal-Mine  does  not  promise  in  the  Opinion 
of  a  Majority  of  the  Managers,  to  endure  working  for 
at  least  ten  Years,  as  Coal-Mines  are  usually  worked; 
then  and  in  that  Case,  the  said  President  and  Managers 
shall  give  Notice  thereof  to  the  said  Jacob  Weiss,  at  or 
before  that  Day.  And  the  said  Jacob  Weiss  doth 
hereby  bind  himself,  his  Heirs,  Executors  and  Admin- 
istrators, that  he  or  they  shall  and  will  then  repay  and 
return  to  the  several  Subscribers,  their  Heirs  and  As- 
signs (as  the  Case  may  be)  the  said  fifty  Dollars  per 


First  Coal  Mining  Company  of  Lehigh  Region.    175 

Share  first  paid  him,  they  respectively  delivering  to 
him  the  Receipts  or  Certificates  given  for  such  Shares. 

And  the  said  Jacob  Weiss  doth  further  bind  himself, 
his  Heirs,  Executors  and  Administrators  in  the  Case 
aforesaid,  that  he  or  they  shall  and  will  repay  the  sev- 
eral Subscribers  for  their  Disbursements  made  on  the 
Coal  Mine  from  the  Contribution  before  mentioned, 
they  or  the  Company  accounting  to  him  for  the  Pro- 
ceeds of  the  Coal,  which  to  the  said  First  of  October 
may  have  been  sold  by  them,  their  Agents  or  Factors, 
under  the  Penalty  of  double  the  Sum  by  him  so  re- 
ceived. 

And  it  is  further  agreed,  that  if  after  a  Requisition 
for  any  Contribution,  as  herein  before  provided,  any 
Payment  thereof  for  any  Share  shall  remain  unpaid, 
for  the  Space  of  ten  Days,  every  Share  so  unpaid  for, 
shall  forfeit  an  equal  Sum  out  of  the  Payment  or  Pay- 
ments made  on  Account  of  the  Purchase  Money  of  each 
Share,  with  Interest  thereon  at  six  per  Cent,  until  the 
said  Contribution  or  Contributions  and  Interest  thereon 
shall  amount  to  the  Sum  they  may  have  paid  on  Ac- 
count of  Their  Shares  as  aforesaid,  at  which  Time,  if 
Payment  continue  to  be  witheld,  the  Right  of  the  Per- 
son refusing  or  neglecting,  shall  be  forfeited,  and  such 
Share  or  Shares  shall  be  disposed  of  for  the  most  the 
Company  can  get,  as  aforesaid. 

Philadelphia,  February  13th.  1792. 


176     Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licenses,  1742-48. 


PENNSYLVANIA  MABEIAGE  LICENSES, 
1742-1748. 

[The  following  lists  of  Marriage  Licenses,  issued  be- 
tween 1742  and,  1748,  are  copied  from  the  original 
License  Book,  in  which  are  also  recorded  those  for 
"Public  Houses,  Indian  Traders  and  Pedlars,  Vessels 
Eegistered  [Thomas  Graeme,  Naval  Officer],  and 
Fines."  Between  December  of  1742  and  May  1746, 
only  the  names  of  the  male  applicants  are  of  record, 
but  between  1746-1748,  both  are  entered.  The  fee  for 
a  Marriage  License  was  £1.,  and  the  clergymen  who 
purchased  them  in  quantity,  "to  be  accounted  for,"  are 
the  Eeverend  Messrs.  Backhouse,  Currie,  Pugh,  Becket, 
Boss  and  Tranberg.] 

1742-3. 


28.  Tho.  Olephant 


December 

31.  Elisha  Boss 


January. 


1.  Enoch  Armitage 
7.  William  James 

10.  Charles  Stow 
Thomas  Bay 

13.  Dennis  Mulholland 


1.  Geoffrey  Beck 

3.  Tho8  Murray 

4.  Auth°  Bright 
Thomas  Hunt 

10.  John  Maugridge 
15.  Isaac  Jones 


15.  Henry  Bankson 

18.  Joseph  Boore 

19.  Joseph  Savage 

25.  James  McPherson 

26.  Lawrence  Anderson 

27.  Eees  Peters 
29.  Sam1  McCall 

February 

15.  Joseph  Sharpe 
Jacob  Legay 
Jonathan  Miller 

16.  Joshua  Henzey 

28.  William  Davis 


Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licenses,  1742-48.     177 
March 


1.  Joseph  Preston 
3.  John  McClure 
8.  John  Lease 

18.  John  McCuUough 

19.  Patrick  Magargit 


19.  John  Anderson 
26.  Meredith  Jones 

28.  Benjamin  Loxley 

29.  Conrad  Price 


5.  John  Holmes 

6.  William  Bell 

9.  Nathan  Ambler 
9.  Benj.  Simcock 
9.  Joseph  Goldy 


April 

9.  Joseph  Gardner 
9.  Peter  Hoffman 

25.  Jonathan  Shaw 

26.  John  Wilmington 


May 

3.  John  Carpenter  23. 

4.  Peter  George  24. 

6.  William  Holland  24. 

7.  John  Pulmers  27. 
11.  William  Kelley  27. 
14.  Philip  Thomas  27. 
17.  William  Tremble  27. 

17.  Eobert  Walpole  27. 

18.  Charles  Williamson  27. 

19.  James  Farrel 


John  Peel 
Barnaby  Mocky 
Thomas  Philips 
William  Maxwell 
John  Guest 
John  Williams 
Mary  Griffin 
Adam  Lister 
William  Dowell 


2.  John  Bush 
2.  John  Wells 
2.  John  Berry 
8.  John  Wright 

10.  Tho8  Wilkinson 

11.  Joseph  Love 
11.  Westeura  Cross 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 12 


June 

11.  Benj.  Beeves 
13.  Sam.  Dowthwaite 
13.  Benj.  Tdmlinson 
16.  Peter  Deizner 
22.  John  Bowler 
27.  Phinchas  Bobert 
30.  Magnus  Falconer 


178     Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licenses,  1742-48. 


1.  David  Karnes 

1.  Francis  Duncan 

2.  Thomas  Homer 
5.  Sam.  Knowles 

11.  Henry  Gibbons 
16.  Lambert  Emerson 
16.  Wm  Garwood 

16.  Benjamin  Gilbert 

17.  John  Haven 
20.  Sam1  Harper 
20.  Hugh  Davie 


July 

15.  James  Mahery 

22.  Thomas  Swain 

23.  Tho8  Watson 

23.  Thomas  Murrie 
27.  Wm  Beaman 
29.  Tho8  Stretch 

August 

20.  John  Jones 

24.  Henry  Lewes 

26.  Joseph  Barden 

27.  James  Williamson 


September 


Eobert  Tempest 
Eees  Prichard 
Hugh  Hodge 
James  Collum 
Francis  Taylor 
Henry  Blackman 
Peter  Cheesman 

Jacob  Worral 
Thomas  Farmer 
Peter  Bankson 
Eichard  Tucker 
John  Lindsay 
Thomas  Sinclair 
Wm  Hutchinson 
Wra  Eowe 
James  Allison 

Blaithwaite  Jones 
Henry  Dewees 
John  Shelby 
Eobert  Lowry 


October 


Martin  Flinn 
John  Marshal 
Jacob  Ehoofe 
Jacob  Backman 
Isaac  Larue 
James  Tilghman 


John  Wakefield 
James  Tipper 
George  Bradley 
Isaac  Asheton 
John  Torrey 
John  Eyan 
John  Hall 
Patrick  McDonagh 


November 


John  Ingram 
Patrick  Bourne 
Wm  Couch 
Michael  Grimes 


Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licenses,  1742-48.    179 

December 

Joshua  Carpenter 


Daniel  Rees 
Wm  Eill 
Henry  Mitchell 
Wm  Annis 
Tho8  Bourne 
George  Webster 


Nathan:  Chew 
Patrick  Allen 
James  Quin 
George  Smith 
George  Marks 


1743-4. 


January. 


James  Scott 
Charles  Lyon 
John  Valentine  Graff 
Robert  Price 
Alexander  Robinson 
Wm  Cunningham 
Richard  Ellis 


Lewis  Evans 
Tho8  Hancock 
Wm  Hughes 
Wm  Hawkins 
Walter  Bryson 
Joshua  Bispham 


February 

Jeremiah  Wollston  Thomas  Gant 

Philip  Stinton  John  Stemsen 

Daniel  Bourne  Robert  Ball 


March 


Benj.  Pine 
Anthony  Whitely 
James  Haliday 
Henry  Gray 
John  Allen 

Samuel  Mason 
Simon  Evans 
Timothy  Griffith 
Ludowick  German 
John  Stephenson 
Thomas  Richardson 
Daniel  Courdon 


April 


John  Fox 
Andrew  McBroom 
Hugh  McMekon 
John  Bolitho 


John  Campbell 
Daniel  Beaton 
James  Rankin 
Henry  Williams 
Thomas  Gilpin 
Jacob  Banfcsen 
John  Ellis 


180     Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licenses,  1742-48. 


May 

Thomas  Battus 

Andrew  Bartholomew 

Thomas  Thomson 

Michael  Shaw 

Thomas  Johnson 

Joseph  Price 

Francis  Jodon 

John  Catharinger 

Nicholas  Vanzant  31. 

28.  Eohert  Fleming  31. 

28.  Jonathan  Darell  31. 

28.  George  Marple 
28.  Henry  Gayner 
28.  Ulrich  Allen 


John  Shearle 
James  Doraugh 
Tho8  Cnthbert 
Stephen  Carter 
Thomas  Ashton 
Robert  Newton 
John  Dungan 
Francis  Norris 
William  Carpenter 
Oswald  Eve 
John  Fletcher 


5.  Nicholas  Cassell 
7.  Wm  Baldwin 
9.  Thomas  Bryan 

11.  William  Freeman 

12.  Peter  Powelson 

20.  Thomas  Pennington 

4.  Thomas  Pierce 
4.  Peter  Jones 

21.  John  Pemin 
William  Merriman 
Edward  Cooper 
Nath1  Vanleer 
Joseph  Durborow 


June 

20. 
26. 


22. 

27. 


John  McNeal 
David  Lewis 
John  Morgan 
John  Howard 
13.  John  Elder 
Jonas  Osborne 


August 


Andrew  Peterson 
James  Chipman 
John  Locke 
John  Ord 
Thomas  Steele 


James  Gregory 
George  Harding 
Jonathan  Wainwright 
Thomas  Mitchell 
Samuel  Vanhist 
Samuel  Bramhill 
Joseph  Finley 

Owen  Neal 
James  Welden 
Thomas  Sugar 
Thomas  Fisher 
John  Hyat 


Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licenses,  1742-48.     181 


September 


David  Chambers 
Michael  Cranfield 
Pyre  Green 
John  Tatnel 
James  Dean 
Abel  James 
Leonard  Temple 
Joseph  Conyers 


October 


George  Metz 
Hugh  Hill 
Christopher   Ottinger, 

Jr. 

John  Freeston 
Henry  Elwes 
Wm  Harris 
Alex.  Cruckshank 


Daniel  Harrison 
John  Holl 
John  Knowles,  Jr. 
Michael  Loup 
Jos.  Tomlinson 
Samuel  Cheesman 
George  Pottery 
John  Irwin 


Samuel  Price 
James  Smith 
Charles  Quin 
Gabriel  Piles 
Andrew  Cock 
Thomas  Brown 
John  Henry  Mang 


November 


Eichard  Ellis 
Wm  Londerman 
Joseph  Carter 
John  Austin 
Eobert  Owen 
James  Bussel 
James  Larrymore 
Thomas  Prugh 


Joseph  Sill 
Andrew  Waillore 
George  Fudge 
Jacob  Naglee 
Hugh  Whaly 
Matthias  Cline 
Oliver  Low 
Edward  Chairman 


December 


Cornelius  Stout 
Kichard  Fulton 
Ealph  Dunn 
William  Parsons 
Jacob  Steaghers 
Timothy  Scarfe 


Eobert  Mann 
Sathial  Moore 
James  Price 
Thomas  Lewis 
Eobert  Davis 
John  Goodin 


182     Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licenses,  1742-48. 


1745. 
January. 


Francis  Holton 
James  McVeagh 
John  Crows 
Humphry  Parker 
Benjamin  Barker 


David  Wilson 
John  Picke 
Morgan  Hughes 
Henry  Bitting 


George  McCall 
Daniel  Benezet 
Aneas  Boss 
John  Brown 
John  Dodson 


February 


John  Jewers 
Bobert  Neilson 
John  Harrison 
Andrew  Thomson 
Joseph  Parker 


March 


Christopher  Corbetz 
Charles  Parmele 
Zachray  Sims 
Balph  Dracord 


John  Scull 
Peter  Grant,  Sen1 
James  Hartshorn 
James  Bead 


Elias  Bambo 
Bobert  Dawson 
Edward  Wivell 
Tho8  Overin 
Abram  Collins 


April 


John  Asheton 
Joseph  Black 
Eleazer  Evans 
Dan  McCleane 
Warwick  Coates 


John  Finney 
Thomas  Baird 
Joseph  Totten 
Jenkin  Williams 
Michael  Conolly 


May 


Patrick  Matthews 
John  Buckley 
John  Ellis 
Wm  Price 
John  McVeagh 


Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licenses,  1742-48.    183 


June 


John  Field 
William  Young 
Edward  Penly 
Niels  Jones 
Samuel  West 
Thomas  Palmer 
John  Summers 
Eichard  Jugs 
Eichard  Kennedy 
Sam1  Holmes 
William  Lane 
Peter  Ulrich 
James  Thomson 
Stephen  Early 


William  Poor 
Hugh  Bowes 
Alexander  Magee 
Myrick  Davis,  Jr. 
Evan  Jones 
Thomas  Norrington 
Charles  Collins 
John  Pederow 
David  Wilson 
Benj.  Levering 


July 


Joseph  Paine 
Peter  Myers 
Joseph  Fleming 
John  Thomas 
George  Hawkins 
George  Ord 
Matthew  Scott 
David  Eicky 
John  Abraham  De 

Normandy 
Hatton  Wormley 
Wm  McCalla 
James  McSwaine 


William  Moulder 
John  Power 
Stephen  Stephens 
Eichard  Hall 
John  Adam  Heer 
Valentine  Barney 
Peter  Engle 
John  Phipps 
Ezekiel  Thomas 
Peter  Shoemaker 


September 


Eichard  Ellis 
Peter  Hopman 
William  Wetherby 
John  McCollum 
Eoger  Cain 
Samuel  Eobinson 
James  Treviller 


Peter  Eose 
Stephen  Early 
Alexander  Huston 
Samuel  Overthrow 
William  Bingham 
Alex.  Me  Watty 


184     Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licenses,  1742-48. 


October 


Gaspar  McCall 
Wm  Snook 
Charles  Eeily 
Wm  Wosdell 
Jno.  McCormick 
Philip  Shutt 
Hugh  McGlome 


Wm  Gregory 
Mathew  Gleaves 
Thomas  Ball 
Hugh  Boyd 
Jno.  Staneland 
Jno.  Wigmore 


November 


Wm  Hayhurst 
David  Chancellor 
James  Wagstaffe 
John  Buxon 
Samuel  Davis 
Daniel  Powell 
Samuel  Newton 
Andrew  Cowen 
Alex.  Williamson 
William  Sample 


John  Hopewell 
Baltzar  Sheibert 
Patrick  Bowny 
Richard  Smith 
Robert  Wall 
William  Peck 
John  Negeley 
Joseph  Junton 
John  Duncan 


December 


Robert  Irwin 
Thomas  Carty 
Ebenezer  Doughty 
John  Adams 


Christopher  Green 
William  Trimble 
Evan  Jones 
A  negro  man  Titus 


John  Edwards 
Nicholas  Gilbert 
Jeremiah  Wood 
John  Pears 
Philip  Kollock 
Philip  Adamson 


1746. 
January. 


George  Duysbrugh 
Alexander  Mame 
Wm  Logan 
Evan  Edwards 
George  Claypoole 


Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licenses,  1742-48.    185 


February 

George  Leadbetter  Samuel  Mearns 

James  Wells  Peter  McKenny 

Joseph  Johnson  Edmund  Martin 

Michael  McNorth  Joshua  Eeily 

Eobert  Down  Michael  Israel 


March 


Dennis  Monholland 
Nathaniel  Davis 
Eichard  Negle 
Jacob  Simon 
Thomas  James 
Eobert  Towers 
Samuel  Scotton 
George  Stucky 

James  Prichard 
Peter  Crawford 
Noah  Wills 
George  Standley 

Hugh  Brisben 
Nathaniel  Evanson 
Benj.  Harbert 
John  Mathers 


April 


May 


Eobert  WJiitehead 
George  Lewis 
Charles  Schultz 
James  Litle 
John  Turner 
John  Eandle 
John  Berwick 


Peter  Howard 
Jacob  Leipencutt 
Mathias  Keen 
Thomas  Singleton 

Sebastian  Felty 
John  Martin 
Henry  Stebbs 
James  Buchanan 


(To  be  continued.) 


186    Life  in  a  Frontier  Fort  During  Indian  War. 


LIFE  IN  A  FEONTIEE  FORT  DURING  THE 
INDIAN  WAR. 

The  following  diary  of  Capt.  Jacob  Morgan,  for 
the  month  of  April,  1758,  while  in  command  of  one  of 
the  forts  in  that  cordon  of  blockhouses  erected  in  the 
Indian  war  for  the  protection  of  the  frontiers  along  the 
line  of  the  Blue  Mountains  from  the  Delaware  to  the 
Susquehanna,  gives  some  idea  of  the  daily  life  in  a 
frontier  fort.  He  was  born  in  Wales  in  1716,  and  emi- 
grated with  his  father,  some  time  prior  to  1730,  to  Penn- 
sylvania, and  first  settled  on  French  Creek  in  the 
SchuyMll  Valley  and  finally  in  Caernarvon  township, 
Berks  county.  During  the  French  and  Indian  War  he 
served  as  a  captain  in  the  Provincial  service,  and  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  Revolution  he  became  prominent,  and 
June,  1776,  represented  Berks  county  in  the  Provincial 
Conference,  and  in  July  following,  in  the  Constitutional 
Convention.  As  a  justice  of  the  County  Courts  he 
served  for  the  years  1768,  1769,  1772,  and  1774-1777. 
He  died  at  Morgantown  (which  he  laid  out  about  1770), 
November  11, 1792. 

April  1,  1758. — Corpl.  Geo.  Lindmood  and  a  party  of 
men  whom  I  had  sent  on  a  message  to  Fort  Henry, 
returned  reporting  that  they  had  been  and  lodged 
there  the  preceeding  night,  but  on  their  way  dis- 
covered nothing  of  the  enemy. 

April  2. — Ensign  David  Harry  and  Sergeant  Smith 
sent  to  the  Blockhouse  garrison  at  or  near  the 
frontiers  Easton  where  Lieut.  Samuel  Humphreys  is 
stationed,  returned  in  company  with  Sergt.  Edmund 
Matthews. 


Life  in  a  Frontier  Fort  During  Indian  War.    187 

April  3. — Sent  Evan  Price,  as  corporal,  and  a  party  on 
a  scout  up  Bohandoe  creek  and  among  the  Waste 
Plantations,  who  returned  reporting  nothing  remark- 
able. 

Sent  Corpl  Philip  Keplinger  with  two  of  my  late  en- 
listed men  to  be  sworn  before  a  Justice  of  the  Peace 
at  Beading. 

April  4. — Corporal  Marks  and  a  party  of  Capt.  Chris- 
tain  Busse's  men  came  here  on  a  command  from  Fort 
Henry  and  then  returned  homewards. 

April  5. — Sent  Sergt.  E.  Matthews  and  a  party  on  a 
scout  to  Thomas  Everet's  plantation  in  Allemengel.* 

April  6. — The  said  sergeant  and  party  returned,  report- 
ing that  they  had  lodged  at  Everet's,  but  discovered 
nothing  of  the  enemy,  also  Corpl  Philip  Keplinger 
and  his  party  returned  from  Beading. 

April  7. — Sent  my  son  with  journal  and  muster  roll  of 
my  company  for  March  to  the  house  of  Col.  James 
Burd  at  Lancaster. 

April  8. — Sent  Ensign  Harry  and  a  party  on  a  scout  to 
North  Kiln,  and  myself  took  another  party  up 
Bohandoe  creek  and  discovered  nothing  of  the  enemy. 
Did  what  was  necessary  in  keeping  guard  at  the  fort. 

April  9. — Ensign  Harry  and  party  returned,  had  lodged 
at  house  of  Nicholas  Long  at  North  Kiln,  where  he 
took  in  writing  the  following  account  of  murder  done 
and  persons  taken  by  Indians : 

On  the  5th  inst  in  Tolpehocken  township,  a  man  named 
— Levergood  was  killed;  on  6th,  Nicholas  Kauker's 
wife  killed  and  two  of  their  children  carried  off;  on 


*  This  district,  now  in  Lynn  township,  Lehigh  .county,  settled  by 
Germans  prior  to  1735,  suffered  much  from  Indian  maurands.  On 
February  14,  1756,  two  children  of  John  G.  Zeisloff  were  murdered  and 
a  third  taken  prisoner,  and  a  month  later,  the  rest  of  the  family,  while 
preparing  to  flee  to  a  place  of  safety,  were  set  upon  by  the  savages,  and 
he,  his  wife  and  four  children  killed.  During  the  same  month  42  men, 
women  and  children  fled  to  Bethlehem. 


188    Life  in  a  Frontier  Fort  During  Indian  War. 

7th,  William  Teedsler's  wife  and  Martin  Trechter  of 
Bethel  township  killed. 

On  returning  he  ranged  down  along  the  southwest  side 
of  the  Blue  Mountain,  below  the  Gap,  thence  up  to 
and  crossing  the  Schuylkill  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Tamaqua,  but  discovered  no  signs  of  Indian  tracks. 

April  10. — On  account  of  report,  early  this  morning  I 
sent  Sergeant  Matthews  and  21  men,  with  provisions 
for  three  days,  on  a  scout  up  Schuylkill  to  the  Gap 
of  the  Second  Mountain  and  then  to  follow  along  the 
mountain,  north  side,  to  Swatara  Gap. 

April  11. — Sent  Sergt  Eobert  Smith  and  party  on  a 
scout  so  far  as  plantation  of  Peter  Ehodamile,  in 
Windsor  township,  the  rest  guarding  the  fort.  In 
the  evening  Sergeant  Smith  returned  and  reported 
seeing  nothing  of  the  enemy.  My  son  returned  from 
Lancaster.  A  small  party  from  Fort  Henry  came 
here  on  a  message. 

April  12. — Mr.  John  Evans  and  I  set  off  for  Beading 
to  obtain  supplies  for  the  company ;  took  with  me  a 
party  to  scout  below  the  mountain,  leaving  Ensign 
Harry  in  command  of  the  fort.  Sergeant  Matthews 
and  party  returned.  He  had  been  up  the  Schuylkill 
to  the  Gap  of  the  Second  Mountain,  where  they 
crossed,  and  from  an  old  Indian  encampment,  pro- 
ceeded to  the  western  branch  of  the  Schuylkill  and 
there  encamped.  Next  morning  came  to  Swatara 
Gap,  where  they  saw  Indian  and  horses  tracks,  but  no 
Indians.  From  thence  went  up  Little  Swatara  to  its 
head,  to  one  Shepler's  settlement,  where  they  stayed 
overnight.  The  next  morning  having  run  out  of  pro- 
visions returned  to  the  fort,  without  discovering  any 
more  of  the  enemy. 

Corporal  Keplinger  and  party  who  this  morning  went 
with  me  below  the  mountain  reported,  that  as  some 
of  the  inhabitants  on  the  frontiers  of  Windsor  town- 
ship were  much  exposed  to  the  barbarities  of  the 


Life  in  a  Frontier  Fort  During  Indian  War.    189 

enemy,  I  ordered  Ensign  Harry  to  send  a  party  next 
morning  to  guard  and  encourage  them. 

April  13. — The  ensign  accordingly  sent  down  and 
further  reported  to  me,  that  the  same  day  some  of 
Capt.  Nicholas  Wetterhold's*  men  brought  to  the 
fort,  on  his  Majesty's  service,  letters  to  be  forwarded 
to  Fort  Henry,  and  Sergeant  Matthews  and  party 
were  sent  to  convey  the  same.  Exercised  the  men  at 
arms,  duly  guarding  the  fort. 

April  14. — Mr.  John  Evans  and  I  returned  to  the  fort 
from  Beading,  found  all  well. 

April  15. — I  took  a  party  and  ranged  down  Bohandoe 
Creek  to  where  it  empties  into  the  Schuylkill,  without 
seeing  anything  of  the  enemy. 

Sergeant  Matthews  and  party  returned  reporting  that 
they  lodged  at  Fort  Henry  where  they  delivered  the 
letters. 

April  16. — I  took  Sergeant  Smith  and  a  party  on  a  scout 
to  North  Kiln;  returned  to  the  fort,  not  having  dis- 
covered anything  of  the  enemy. 

April  17. — Sent  Corpl  Evan  Price  and  a  party  to  guard 
a  wagon  to  one  of  the  Waste  Plantations  up  the 
Schuylkill,  who  returned  in  the  evening. 

April  18. — Sent  Corporal  Keplinger  and  a  party  to 
Windsor  township  to  meet  and  escort  a  wagon  with 
provisions  to  the  fort. 

April  19. — Sent  a  party  to  escort  said  wagon  returning 
below  the  mountain,  who  reported  nothing  remark- 
able. 

At  the  earnest  request  of  certain  substantial  inhabit- 
ants of  Windsor  on  the  frontiers  under  the  moun- 
tain, saying  that  it  was  thought  Indians  were  skulking 
about  or  upon  said  mountain,  I  sent  Corporal  Kep- 
linger and  a  party  to  discover  the  enemy  and  to  guard 
those  and  other  exposed  families. 

*  John  Nicholas  Wetterhold  commissioned  Captain,  First  Pennsylvania 
Regiment,  December  21,  1755. 


190    Life  in  a  Frontier  Fort  During  Indian  War. 

April  20. — Sent  by  some  of  my  men  letters  to  Fort 
Henry.  Exercised  the  rest  of  the  men  at  arms. 

April  21. — Sent  Sergeant  Smith  and  a  party  on  com- 
mand to  Windsor  township ;  they  returned  reporting 
nothing  significant. 

Also  the  men  sent  to  Fort  Henry  returned;  reported 
they  had  delivered  the  letters. 

April  22. — Sergeant  Matthews  and  a  party  sent  on  a 
scout  up  Bear  Creek  and  to  the  branches  of  the 
Swatara,  who  returned  in  the  afternoon  and  reported 
they  had  discovered  nothing  of  the  enemy.  Corporal 
Keplinger  and  party  who  on  19th  inst  were  ordered 
to  Windsor  frontiers  returned.  They  had  ranged  on 
and  below  the  mountain  and  among  the  exposed 
settlements,  but  found  no  certain  traces  of  the  enemy. 

April  23. — Sent  Sergeant  Smith  with  a  party  to  range 
to  the  plantation  of  Matthias  Waggoner  on  the 
frontier  of  Berne  township,  where  meeting  Lieut.- 
Adjut.  Jacob  Kern  intending  to  come  to  fort,  re- 
turned accompanied  by  him. 

April  24-25. — The  Adjutant  exercised  my  company 
under  arms,  and  next  day  set  off  to  Beading,  accom- 
panied by  Sergeant  Matthews  and  a  few  of  my  men 
to  below  the  mountain. 

Sent  Ensign  Harry  and  a  party  on  a  scout  and  com- 
mand to  Fort  Henry;  likewise  Corporal  Lindemood 
and  a  small  party  to  Lieut.  Samuel  Humphreys  at  his 
stationed  garrison  near  Lehoy  Creek. 

April  27. — Being  out  of  flour,  I  sent  a  party  to  the  in- 
habitants below  the  mountains  to  get  a  supply  for  the 
company.  Some  returned  by  evening,  the  others 
stayed  to  get  the  grain  ground. 

April  28. — Ensign  Harry  and  party  returned  in  the 
evening,  reported  that  on  the  night  of  the  26th  they 
remained  at  Fort  Henry  and  learned  nothing  about 
the  enemy. 


Life  in  a  Frontier  Fort  During  Indian  War.    191 

April  29. — Bain.  Lieutenant  Humphreys  and  George 
Moyer,  one  of  my  company  with  Corporal  Linde- 
mood  and  the  rest  of  the  men  who  went  with  him,  re- 
turned to  the  fort. 

April  30. — Lieut.  Humphreys  and  Sergeant  Smith,  with 
some  of  my  men  below  the  mountain,  went  on  busi- 
ness to  Beading  to  procure  necessaries  for  the  com- 
pany. 


192    Registers  Granted  at  Philadelphia,  January  1775. 


EEGISTEES  GRANTED  AT  THE  POET  OF 
PHILADELPHIA  IN  THE  QUAETEE  ENDING 
5th  JANUAEY  1775. 

In  Pursuance  of  an  Act  made  in  the  7th  and  8™  of  King 
William  the  Third  entitled  an  Act  for  preventing 
Frauds  &  Abuses  in  the  Plantation  Trade. 

Ship  Augustus  (formerly  the  Caesar),  Geo.  Geddis, 
Master,  150  tons,  built  in  Philadelphia,  1772.  William 
Neate,  of  London,  Magnus  Miller,  and  George  Emlen, 
Jr.,  of  Philadelphia,  owners. 

Brig  Betsy  (formerly  the  Kitty),  Edward  Yorke,  Mas- 
ter and  owner,  40  tons,  built  in  New  England,  1761. 

Brig  Polly  (formerly  the  Mary  gold),  Eobert  Lightbody, 
Master,  50  tons,  built  in  Massachusetts  Bay,  1768. 
Johnathan,  Abijah,  and  Eumf ord  Dawes,  owners. 

Schooner  Happy  Return,  Joseph  King,  Master,  35  tons, 
built  in  New  Jersey,  1763.  Edward  Batchelor, 
Thomas  Ashton,  and  Thomas  Bramall,  owners. 

Sloop  Hopewell,  Benj.  Thompson,  Master,  20  tons,  built 
in  New  Jersey,  1770.  Joseph  Moyes,  Eichard 
Uniakh,  and  Moses  Veledemer,  of  Nova  Scotia, 
owners. 

Sloop  Montego  Packet  (formerly  the  Dreadnaught) , 
David  Loggan,  Master,  16  tons,  built  in  Cape  May, 
1769,  Neil  Malcolm,  and  "William  Neate,  of  London, 
and  Joseph  Wharton,  Jr.,  owners. 

Sloop  Fly  (formerly  the  Potomac),  John  Galloway, 
Master,  35  tons,  built  in  New  England,  1768.  Thomas 
Batt,  owner. 

Ship  Grace,  Frederick  McCausland,  Master,  95  tons, 
built  in  Connecticut,  1764.  Blair  McClenachan, 
owner. 


Registers  Granted  at  Philadelphia,  January  1775.    193 

Brig  Potowmack,  George  Eowe,  Master,  75  tons,  built 
in  Philadelphia,  1774.  John  Eoss,  owner. 

Brig  Sally,  William  Stevens,  Master,  90  tons,  built  in 
Philadelphia,  1774.  Jacob  Hartman,  and  Mordecai 
Lewis,  owners. 

Ship  Liberty,  Nathaniel  Menzo,  Master,  170  tons,  built 
in  Philadelphia,  1774.  James  Latimer,  Elias  Boys, 
Fergus  Mcllwain,  and  Eobert  Bridges,  owners. 

Ship  Pomona,  John  Green,  Master,  200  tons,  built  in 
Philadelphia,  1774.  Tho8  Willing,  Eobert  Morris, 
Thos  Penrose,  and  Thomas  Morris,  owners. 

Sloop  North  Carolina  Packet  (formerly  the  Quaker), 
Joseph  Eivers,  Master,  15  tons,  built  in  New  York, 
1763.  Eicloff  Alberson,  owner. 

Ship  Harmony,  Samuel  Crawford,  Master,  160  tons, 
built  in  Philadelphia,  1774.  Thomas  Hockley,  and 
Samuel  Smith,  owners. 

Ship  Richard  Penn,  Isaac  All,  Master,  200  tons,  built 
in  Philadelphia,  1772.  Matthew  Mease,  owner. 

Brig  Charlestown  Packet,  Samuel  Wright,  Master,  90 
tons,  built  in  Philadelphia,  1771.  Uriah  Woolman, 
of  Philadelphia,  Eichard  Lushington,  John  James, 
and  James  Nelson,  of  South  Carolina,  and  William 
Sykes,  owners. 

Ship  Bisset,  John  Vickary,  Master,  120  tons,  built  in 
Philadelphia,  1769.  Samuel  and  Eeese  Meredith, 
Geo.  Clymer,  and  John  Colburne,  owners. 

Ship  Harmony  Hall  (formerly  the  John  &  Sally],  Benj. 
Greenway,  Master,  90  tons,  built  in  North  Carolina, 
1772.  Edw.  Batchelor,  of  Newbern,  and  Tho8  Asshe- 
ton,  owners. 

Ship  Duke  of  York,  Eobt.  Torrens,  Master,  90  tons, 
built  in  Philadelphia,  1765.  Blair  McClenachan, 
owner. 

Schooner  Diligence  (formerly  the  York),  James  Wil- 
son, Master  and  owner,  30  tons,  built  in  East  Florida, 
1769. 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 13 


194    Registers  Granted  at  Philadelphia,  January  1775. 

Brig  Jane  (formerly  the  Peggy),  Daniel  Kinnicutt, 
Master,  60  tons,  built  in  Connecticut,  1773.  John 
Brown,  and  Samuel  Penrose,  owners. 

Ship  Ceres,  Lambert  Wickes,  Master  and  part  owner, 
150  tons,  built  in  Philadelphia  in  1774.  Joseph  Ring- 
gold,  of  Maryland,  part  owner. 

Sloop  Nancy  (formerly  the  Molly),  James  Erwin,  Mas- 
ter, 30  tons,  built  in  Virginia,  1766.  Daniel  Robinson, 
and  Henry  Lisle,  owners. 

Sloop  Maria,  Samuel  Balle,  Master,  40  tons,  built  in 
Philadelphia,  1772.  Samuel  Smith,  of  London,  Jacob 
Brew,  of  Africa,  and  Robert  Ritchie,  owners. 

Ship  Recovery,  David  McCullough,  Master  and  part 
owner,  180  tons,  built  in  Philadelphia,  1774.  Peter 
January,  of  Philadelphia,  and  James  Giles,  of  Newry, 
owners. 

Ship  Black  Prince,  John  Barry,  Master,  200  tons,  built 
in  Philadelphia,  1774.  Thomas  Willing,  Robert 
Morris,  Tho8  Morris,  John  Wharton,  and  John  Nixon, 
owners. 

Brig  Nancy  (formerly  Princess  of  Orange),  William 
Carlisle,  Master,  50  tons,  built  in  New  York,  1770. 
Townsend  White,  William  Coxe,  Moore  Furman,  and 
John  White,  owners. 

Ship  Catherine,  James  McNeil,  Master,  160  tons,  built 
in  Philadelphia,  1774.  James  Leky,  of  Dublin,  and 
Joseph  Wilson,  owners. 

Brig  Dove  (formerly  the  Monmouth),  Wilkinson  Tim- 
mons,  Master,  80  tons,  built  in  North  Carolina,  1767. 
Christian  Marshall,  Jr.,  Charles  Marshall,  Wilkinson 
Timmons,  and  Benj.  Marshall,  owners. 

Brig  Harriott  (formerly  the  Swift),  Samuel  Devon- 
shire, Master,  80  tons,  built  in  Barbados,  1772.  Henry 
Rider,  Tho3  Asheton,  Edward  Batchelor,  and  Tho8 
Bramall,  owners. 

Sloop  Free  Mason,  Jacob  Proby,  Master,  12  tons,  built 
in  New  Jersey,  1763,  Jacob  Proby,  and  John  Smith, 
owners. 


Registers  Granted  at  Philadelphia,  January  1775.    19'5 

Ship  Myrhila,  James  Caton,  Master,  180  tons,  built  in 
Philadelphia,  1774.  Benj.  Gibbs,  and  James  Caton, 
owners. 

Sloop  Mercury,  Geo.  Buchan,  Master,  20  tons,  built  in 
Philadelphia,  1774.  Samuel  Taylor,  of  Jamaica,  and 
Aneas  Urquhart,  owners. 

Ship  Rebecca,  John  Hazlewood,  Master,  180  tons,  built 
in  Philadelphia,  1774.  John  Phillips,  and  William 
Duncan,  owners. 

Schooner  Pennsylvania  Farmer,  James  McKight, 
Master,  12  tons,  built  in  Lewes,  1769.  Joshua  Mad- 
dox  Wallace,  owner. 

Brig  Hetty  (formerly  Two  Brothers),  Jacobus  Lott, 
Master,  70  tons,  built  in  Maryland,  1766.  Thos.  Will- 
ing, Eobert  Morris,  and  Thomas  Morris,  owners. 


196    A  Versification  to  President  of  Congress,  1779. 


A  VERSIFICATION  OF  THE  LETTER  OF  THE 
COMMITTEE  OF  ACCOUNTS,  TO  THE  PRESI- 
DENT OF  CONGRESS,  1779. 

[In  the  session  of  July  31,  1779,  Congress  agreed  to  an  "Ordinance 
for  establishing  a  Board  of  Treasury  and  the  proper  officers  for  manag- 
ing the  finances  of  these  United  States."  There  were  certain  provisions 
in  it  which  called  forth  a  memorial  from  a  number  of  officers  in  the 
Department,  who  expressed  their  views  concerning  that  part  which 
Subjects  the  officers  of  the  Treasury  to  an  annual  election, — that  in  all 
other  countries  they  are  appointed  during  good  behavior  and  should  be 
here.  Long  practice  is  essential  in  accounts, — inexperienced  people 
cannot  conduct  the  business, — confusion  and  disarrangement  will  take 
place  in  our  finances.  This  Congress  cannot  depend  upon  the  wisdom 
of  succeeding  Congresses, — new  members,  unacquainted  with  the  merits 
of  those  in  office  and  desirous  of  providing  for  their  friends,  may  make 
changes;  the  precarious  tenure  contemplated  will  dampen  zeal  and 
industry  of  Treasury  officers;  they  will  regard  their  offices  as  places 
of  convenience,  and  will  take  the  first  opportunity  to  leave  them;  it 
would  be  wholly  different  if  they  held  them  during  good  behavior.  Fre- 
quent elections  have  arguments  to  support  them  in  other  offices,  not 
in  the  Treasury  however.  Silence  on  their  part  would  have  been 
criminal  and  they  are  confident  Congress  will  receive  their  memorial 
with  candor  and  liberality.  This  memorial  was  signed  by  William 
Govett,  R.  Smith  and  William  Geddes,  commissioners;  Robert  Troup, 
secretary,  and  Joseph  Nourse,  assistant  auditor  general,  and  presented 
to  Congress  August  6th. 

The  letter  of  the  "Committee  of  Accounts,"  is  not  to  be  found  in  the 
Manuscript  Division  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  but  the 
versification  of  it  has  been  preserved.  The  handwriting  has  not  been 
identified. — ED.  PENNA.  MAG.] 

We  beg  your  Excellency's  kindest  care, 

To  have  the  orders  that  enclosed  are, 

(All  rang'd  and  numbered,  one,  two  &  three 

That  with  the  dates  exactly  they  agree), 

Made  known  unto  your  Honorable  House, 

That  they  may  injured  innocence  espouse. 

The  terms  they're  couch 'd  in  you  may  plainly  see, 

Is  an  Affront  cast  on  pur  dignity. 

Waving  all  ceremony  in  the  words  beside 

In  substance  there's  an  Oblique  charge  imply 'd 


A  Versification  to  President  of  Congress,  1779.    197 

For  it  supposes  we  our  time  Mispend 
Which  is  unmerited  and  false,  we  Apprehend. 

The  Ordinance,  Sir,  perhaps  you  may  remind 
Was  dated  July  thirtieth,  seventy-nine, 
In  which  it  may  not  be  amiss  to  note 
There  is  contained  the  paragraph  we  quote, 
To  wit,  "That  the  Commissioners  above  direct, 
"And  if  need  be,  suspend  for  gross  neglect, 
"All  Officers  concerned  in  the  finance, 
"Till  Congress  judge  the  charges  they  advance. " 
Of  Congress,  therefore,  humbly  we  intreat, 
If  in  their  wisdom  they  shall  think  it  meet 
To  call  on  these  same  men  to  lay  their  charge 
(Either  on  one  or  all  of  them  at  large), 
And  prove  it  too,  which  till  they  do,  we  think 
We  may  with  safety  at  their  Bustle  wink 
Their  orders,  queries,  and  enquiries  sure 
Are  ex-official,  unsupported,  premature, 
For  in  our  humble  notion  of  the  clause, 
Which  we  have  quoted  just  before  the  pause, 
No  other  meaning  it  can  comprehend, 
Than  what  to  matters  of  Accounts  extend. 
Nor  farther  there  than  barely  to  direct 
What  parts  the  duties  of  our  Office  may  respect. 
Conscious,  of  faithfulness  and  diligence 
Had  we  not  testimonies  clear  in  our  defence 
Applause  of  men  who  at  that  Board  have  sat 
Alternately,  will  justify  asserting  that 
Members  of  Congress  and  to  business  train 'd, 
Committees  too,  our  cause  have  oft  mantain'd, 
That  we  according  as  our  Oaths  direct, 
Attend  our  duty  and  no  point  neglect — 
It  wounds  our  feelings  after  all  to  find 
Our  conduct  censur'd  by  those  men  unkind. 
Sir,  Be  it  known,  that  we  from  conscience  act, 
And  not  one  penny  for  our  pains  exact 
The  dictates  of  our  free  born  mind  inspires 
Our  breasts  with  patriot  love  and  zealous  fire, 
And  when  to  this  enthusiasm  we  add 
The  importance  of  the  Offices  we've  had 
On  which  the  welfare  of  our  Country  All  depends, 
As  on  a  scale  whose  Beam  one  arm  suspends, 


198    A  Versification  to  President  of  Congress,  1779. 

We  think  on  us  thus  circumstanced  to  lay 

Eestrictions  or  point  out  what  time  of  day 

We  shall  employ  in  Arduous  drudgery, 

Is  mean  and  servile  to  the  last  degree. 

Moreover,  plainly  it  to  us  appears, 

(For,  Sir,  we  are  not  without  cares  and  fears), 

An  arbitr'y  attempt  for  to  deprive 

Us  of  the  priviledge  we  now  derive, 

From  the  indulgence  Congress  have  been  pleas 'd 

To  grant  us,  e  'er  we  thus  were  plagued  and  teaz  'd. 

But,  Sir,  as  'tis  a  frailty  of  the  human  mind, 

Often  to  wander  and  leave  truth  behind, 

Misapprehensions  and  mistakes  we  know 

No  mortals'  free  from  in  this  state  below — 

That  indiscriminately  all  do  err 

(Ev'n  you  yourself)  we  safely  may  aver, 

Yet  there  are  none  so  reprehensible 

As  those  who  Obstinate  persist  in't  still 

We'll  think  ourselves  in  future  freed  from  doubt 

Or  misconstructing  what  we  are  about. 

If  Congress  tell  us  what  they  really  mean 

By  this  same  Clause  which  causes  so  much  spleen, 

That  for  ourselves  in  future  we  may  judge 

Whether  as  Clerks  of  Office  we  will  drudge, 

Or  if  we  don't  our  pristine  rights  regain 

Eesign  our  seats  tho'  it  must  give  you  pain. 

Our  feelings,  Sir,  as  Gentlemen  are  hurt 

No  less,  to  see  our  honour  trampled  in  the  dirt, 

And  we  commanded  up  two  pair  of  stairs 

There  with  diligence  to  dispatch  affairs 

That  they  may  think  our  first  attention  call, 

And  we're  to  be  no  judges  of  that  at  all. 

But  bad  as  this  may  seem  'tis  not  the  worst, 

'Tis  our  misfortune  to  be  doubly  curst 

For  lo!  the  very  best  room's  occupy 'd 

(And  we  are  sure  a  public  charge  beside), 

By  one  we  can't  tell  why,  but  so  it  is 

His  very  looks  chagrin  and  change  our  Phiz. 

And,  tho '  with  sorrow,  we  must  further  add, 

That  we  suspect  his  order  to  have  had 

Its  origin  from  him  because  that  he 

Of  late  against  us  has  conceiv'd  an  enmity, 


A  Versification  to  President  of  Congress,  1779.    199 

For  a  Report  we  made  upon  his  charge 
For  office  rent,  wherein  we  state  at  large 
The  strongest  reasons  mortal  man  can  give — 
For  which  we  merit  honour  while  we  live. 
We  wish  your  honor's  would  be  pleased  to  call 
For  this  Keport  and  his  Appeal,  and  all — 
(And  that  your  time  cannot  be  better  spent 
Than  in  this  business,  sure  you'll  all  consent) 
"Why,  with  impunity  should  he  despise 
And  make  his  fun  of  us  before  our  eyes? 
Nay  more,  endeavour  us  to  overawe 
And  make  us  swerve  from  our  official  law. 
Now,  Sir,  if  further  proof  is  wanted  still 
(For  every  thing  they've  done,  deny  they  will), 
To  show  that  they  have  harboured  such  a  thought, 
That  we've  not  done  our  business  as  we  ought, 
To  which  we're  bound  by  all  the  solemn  ties, 
That  nature  of  our  sacred  oath  implies, 
We  beg  to  mention  that  it  once  was  mov'd 
By  a  Commissioner,  but  not  approv'd, 
That  one  of  them  with  us  should  always  sit 
And  make  us  work  whenever  they  thought  fit. 
From  Circumstances  we  are  prone  to  think 
(Now  can  you  longer  at  such  conduct  Wink!) 
It  also  was  propos'd  by  one,  and  he 
None  of  the  last  in  point  of  primacy 
To  task  us  by  the  week,  without  regard 
Whether  Accounts  were  in  their  nature  hard 
With  such  a  certain  sett  which  must  be  done 
At  all  events  befor  the  setting  Sun       ) 
Of  Saturday  his  daily  round  had  run.  J 
Besides  the  Order  which  is  herewith  sent 
Does  most  effectually  us  prevent 
From  settling  finally  as  heretofore 
Any  accounts  that  may  have  come  before. 
Our  Board,  for  they  in  words  expressly  say, 
We  must  report  on  all  without  delay, 
And  yet  it  may  not  be  unworthy,  Sir,    - 
To  this  same  Order  once  more  to  recur 
Where  inconsistently  you  see  they  bid 
We  still  observe  the  mode  we  always  did! 
Upon  the  whole,  we  beg  leave  to  submit 
Whether  or  no  Congress  shall  think  it  fit 


200    A  Versification  to  President  of  Congress,  1779. 

To  suffer  orders  that  directly  tend 

To  raise  disturbances,  and  in  the  end 

Subvert  all  order,  peace  and  harmony 

Which  we  enjoy  'd  'till  now  most  happily. 

And  now,  I  believe  we've  said  all  we  can  say, — 

Three  days  we've  been  composing  this  essay — 

The  style  is  pompous,  elegant  and  high, 

Such  as  might  grace  the  pen  of  Majesty. 

And  to  conclude — Oh  no!  there's  one  thing  more, 

And  some  may  think  it  should  be  said  before 

That  is,  we  wish  that  Congress  would  elect 

A  Committee  of  three  who  might  inspect 

Into  our  Conduct  and  report  thereon, 

Which  will  stand  fair,  we'll  lay  you  ten  to  one. 


The  Proprietor  of  Pensilvania.  201 


<THE  CASE  OF  THE  PROPKIETOB  OF  PENSIL- 
VANIA, &C.,  ABOUT  THE  APPOINTING  A 
NEW  DEPUTY-GOVERNOR" 

FBOM  THE  PENN  PAPERS,  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF 
PENNSYLVANIA. 

[In  reprinting  "The  Case  of  the  Proprietor  of  Pensilvania,  about  the 
appointing  a  New  Deputy-Governor,"  it  is  not  with  the  intention  to 
enter  into  the  history  of  Sir  William  Keith's  administration  of  the 
affairs  of  the  Province  from  1717  to  1726,  but  to  advert  to  the  fact, 
that  after  the  death  of  William  Penn,  his  Deputy  Governor  promoted 
the  interests  of  the  elder  branch,  although  the  Founder's  will  indicated 
that  he  considered  this  branch  provided  for  by  the  Irish  estates,  and 
that  his  interests  in  Pennsylvania  should  appertain  to  the  children  by 
his  second  marriage,  one  of  the  causes  of  antagonism  to  him,  and  not 
popularly  known.  Keith  lived  to  see  the  younger  branch  rising  in 
wealth  and  consequence  under  the  administration  of  Governor  Gordon, 
and  the  people  peaceable,  prosperous  and  contented.] 

The  Case  of  the  Heir  at  Law  and  Executrix  of  the 
Late  Proprietor  of  Pensilvania,  etc.  in  relation  to  the 
Removal  of  Sir  William  Keith,  and  the  Appointing 
Major  Patrick  Gordon  to  succeed  him  as  Deputy-Gov- 
ernor there. 

King  Charles  the  Second  was  pleased  by  Patent, 
dated  the  4th  of  March,  1680,  for  the  Considerations 
therein  mentioned,  to  grant  to  the  late  William  Penn 
Esq.,  his  Heirs  and  Assigns,  all  that  Tract  of  Land 
in  America  then  inhabited  only  by  Savages,  since  called 
the  Province  of  Pensilvania,  with  all  Powers  of  Gov- 
ernment, and  full  Authority  to  appoint  Deputy-Gov- 
ernors for  that  Province,  etc. 

In  the  Year  1682,  his  then  Eoyal  Highness  James 
Duke  of  York,  afterwards  King  James  the  Second, 
granted  to  the  said  William  Penn,  his  Heirs  and  As- 
signs, all  that  Tract  of  Land  lying  on  the  West  Side 
of  the  Bay  and  Eiver  Delaware  adjoining  to  Pensil- 


202  The  Proprietor  of  Pensilvania. 

vania,  together  with  all  Boyalties,  Franchises,  Powers, 
etc. 

In  virtue  of  which  Letters  Patents  and  Grants 
aforesaid,  the  said  Mr.  Penn  enjoyed  all  the  said  Lands 
and  Powers  of  Government  for  above  forty  Years,  and 
from  time  to  time  appointed  his  Deputies  to  be  Gov- 
ernors of  the  said  Province  of  Pensilvania  and  Counties 
aforesaid,  who  have  constantly  been  approved  of  by  the 
Kings  and  Queens  of  England. 

In  1715,  Sir  William  Keith  being  in  America,  and 
out  of  Employ,  happen 'd  to  pass  thro'  Pensilvania, 
where  making  his  Circumstances  known  to  some  of  the 
Gentlemen  of  the  Council  in  that  Province,  who  were 
Friends  to  the  late  Proprietor,  upon  the  solemn  Prom- 
ises and  Assurances  made  by  the  said  Mr.  Keith,  of  his 
Affection  to  the  said  Proprietor  Penn,  they  recom- 
mended the  said  Mr.  Keith  to  the  said  Proprietor,  then 
in  England. 

The  said  Sir  William  no  sooner  arrived  in  England 
and  presented  himself  to  the  said  Proprietor  and  his 
Friends,  but  he  was,  without  any  Expense  to  himself, 
appointed  Deputy-Governor  of  the  Province  of  Pensil- 
vania, and  the  said  three  Counties  of  Newcastle,  Kent, 
and  Suffex,  on  Delaware;  and  the  said  Mr.  Penn  lent 
him  a  Sum  of  Money,  in  order  to  transport  himself  and 
his  Family  to  Pensilvania,  which  Sum  of  Money  re- 
mains unpaid  to  this  Day. 

The  said  Sir  William  arrived  in  Pensilvania  in  May 
1717,  where  he  found  the  Government  in  perfect  Peace 
and  Tranquillity,  and  by  the  Assistance  of  the  Pro- 
prietors Friends  in  Pensilvania,  he  received  for  his 
Support  and  Perquisits  of  Government  that  Year  at 
least  1600£.  besides  a  great  Sum  of  Money  then  in  the 
Treasurer's  hands  of  that  Province  belonging  to  his 
Majesty,  which  he  stands  indebted  for  at  this  Day 

In  1718,  when  the  Proprietor  died,  the  People  in  that 
Government  were  in  perfect  Tranquillity,  and  there  was 


The  Proprietor  of  Pensilvania.  203 

no  want  of  Powers  to  govern  them;  for  by  an  Act  of 
Assembly  of  that  Province,  made  in  the  Tenth  Year  of 
the  late  Queen  Anne,  it  is  provided,  "That  in  case  the 
said  Mr.  Penn  Governor  in  Chief  shall  be  removed  by 
Death  or  otherwise,  then  it  shall  be  lawful  for  his 
Deputy  or  Lieutenant  for  the  time  being,  to  exercise 
all  the  Powers  of  Government  as  fully  and  amply  as 
before,  till  further  Order  from  her  Majesty,  her  Heirs, 
or  Successors,  or  the  Heirs  of  the  said  Proprietary  and 
Governor  in  Chief,  which  shall  first  happen. "  But  it 
is  not  true  that  Sir  William  procured  any  such  Act  in 
the  Province  of  Pensilvania. 

It  is  true  the  Heir  at  Law,  upon  the  Death  of  His 
Father,  sent  over  a  Commission  to  Sir  William,  but 
he,  without  acquainting  the  Heir  at  Law,  or  any  other 
of  the  Proprietors  Family,  did,  on  pretence  of  a  Dif- 
ference in  the  Family  about  the  Government,  make  a 
private,  but  untrue  Representation  of  the  State  of  that 
Province  and  Counties  to  his  Majesty;  and  thereupon 
a  Letter  from  Mr.  Delafay,  dated  30  July  1719.  (pur- 
porting, That  by  an  Order  of  the  then  Lords  Justices, 
the  said  Sir  William  should  continue  to  act  under  his 
former  Appointment,  until  his  Majesty's  further  Pleas- 
ure, or  the  Proprietor's,  should  be  known,)  was  sent 
to  the  said  Sir  WTilliam  Keith. 

As  soon  as  Sir  William  received  this  Letter,  (tho* 
it  gave  him  no  new  Powers,  or  any  other  Directions 
but  what  he  had  by  the  aforesaid  Act  of  Assembly,  yet) 
he  took  upon  him  the  Title  of  Excellency,  and  affected 
to  be  thought  the  King's  Governor — He  took  upon  him 
(contrary  to  the  Laws  and  Usages  of  that  Government, 
and  expressly  contrary  and  in  opposition  to  his  Com- 
mission  and  Instructions  from  the  late  Proprietor, 
under  which  Appointment  he  was  directed  by  their 
Excellencies  the  Lords  Justices,  as  aforesaid,  to  act;) 
to  survey  Lands  to  himself,  and  invited  and  settled  a 
great  number  of  Palatines,  who  came  from  the  Govern- 


204  The  Proprietor  of  Pensilvania. 

ment  of  New  York,  upon  the  Proprietors  Lands,  with- 
out any  colour  of  Authority.  He  discountenanced  and 
displaced  some  of  the  late  Proprietor's  Principal 
Officers,  and  attempted  to  invalidate  the  Authority  of 
the  Commissioners  of  Property  appointed  by  the 
Trustees,  to  whom  the  said  Province  and  Counties  are 
made  over  for  securing  the  Payment  of  part  of  a  large 
Debt  contracted  by  the  said  late  Proprietor  Penn,  which 
he  expended,  (besides  the  greatest  part  of  his  Paternal 
Estate)  in  settling  and  improving  the  said  Province 
and  Counties. 

The  People  of  Pensilvania,  who  have  always  been 
distinguished  for  a  peaceable  People,  continued  such 
until  the  Year  1723.  when  the  said  Sir  William,  in  op- 
position  to  the  true  Interest  of  his  Majesty's  Subjects 
in  that  Province,  and  the  English  Merchants  trading 
thither,  encouraged  and  promoted  a  Paper  Currency, 
and  accordingly  past  an  Act  for  emitting  15000£.  Paper 
Money  to  be  lent  out  upon  Credit  of  Lands  of  the 
Borrowers — 'Tis  true  the  opposition  made  to  this  Act 
by  the  Merchants,  and  Men  of  the  best  Circumstances 
in  that  Government,  did  occasion  some  Uneasiness,  but 
it  was  all  owing  to  Sir  William's  animating  the  Com- 
mon People  against  the  Council,  and  the  Merchants  to 
a  very  great  degree. 

This  Difference  was  no  sooner  blown  over,  but  the 
very  next  Year  1724.  (tho'  the  said  Sir  William  had 
received  a  Letter  from  the  Commissioners  of  Trade, 
etc,  advising  him  against  passing  any  Laws  for  the 
making  Paper  Money)  the  said  Sir  William  with  the 
Assembly,  made  another  Law  for  emitting  30000£. 
Paper  Money.  And  altho'  some  Persons  of  note  in 
that  Government  made  a  remonstrance  against  the 
passing  of  said  Law,  which  they  presented  to  the  As- 
sembly; wherein  they  prayed,  that  the  said  Act  might 
not  be  in  Force,  until  it  should  be  sent  home,  and  have 
his  Majesty's  Koyal  Assent. 


The  Proprietor  of  Pensilvania.  205 

2dly,  That  all  Debts  due  or  payable  to  his  Majesty, 
might  be  excepted  out  of  the  Act. 

3dly,  That  all  debts  due  to  the  Proprietor,  and  the 
English  Merchants,  might  be  likewise  excepted  out  of 
the  Act — The  same  was  rejected,  and  that  Act  also 
pass  'd. 

These  Acts  being  passed  against  the  Opinion  of 
almost  all  the  Men  of  Substance  in  the  Government, 
and  especially  against  the  Opinion  of  the  Council — 
The  said  Sir  William  made  use  of  this  to  create  a 
Jealousy  in  the  Assembly  of  the  ill  Designs  the  Council 
had  upon  the  Constitution  of  that  Province. 

In  May  1724.  Mrs  Penn,  Executrix  of  the  late  Pro- 
prietor, who  generally,  by  consent  of  the  Family,  acted 
in  the  Affairs  of  Pensilvania,  being  advised  of  the  un- 
due Practices  of  the  said  Sir  William;  yet  having 
Compassion  for  his  Family,  wrote  only  a  private  Letter 
of  Instructions  to  him,  in  which  she  required  him,  tho' 
the  Council  were  by  the  Constitution  of  that  Govern- 
ment no  Part  of  the  Legislature  (yet  they  being  Men 
of  the  best  Circumstances  and  Abilities)  to  do  no  Act 
of  Legislature  without  their  Consent.  And  indeed 
Pensilvania  is  the  only  Government  in  the  King's 
Dominions,  where  the  Council  is  not  a  part  of  the 
Legislature. 

The  said  Sir  William  upon  Eeceipt  of  this  Letter, 
exposed  it  publickly,  and  by  Colonel  Spotswood  the 
late  Governor  of  Virginia,  when  he  came  from  America, 
wrote  to  Mrs  Penn,  letting  her  know  he  could  not  fol- 
low her  Instructions,  and  that  the  Council  were  no 
more  than  solemn  Witnesses  of  his  Actions.  But  be- 
fore any  Answer  could  be  sent  back  to  Sir  William, 
he  at  the  next  Assembly  in  January  1724',  exposed  the 
said  Mrs.  Penn's  private  Letter,  and  by  Speeches  in- 
fluenc'd  the  Assembly  and  the  Generality  of  the  People 
against  the  Proprietors  whole  Family,  and  all  their 
Friends;  and  by  these  Practices  obtained  a  Eemon- 


206  The  Proprietor  of  Pensilvania. 

strance  from  that  Assembly  to  the  said  Mrs.  Penn, 
wherein  they  say  that  some  part  of  the  said  Instruc- 
tions are  an  Infringement  of  their  Liberties 

The  said  Colonel  Spotswood  soon  after  his  coming 
to  England,  (notwithstanding  he  pretends  in  his  Peti- 
tion, that  the  said  Instructions  were  not  agreeable  to 
the  Charter,  and  that  the  Execution  of  them  would 
certainly  raise  the  People 's  Dissatisfaction  and  Anger) 
applied  himself  to  the  Proprietor's  Family,  and  others 
concerned  in  the  Affairs  of  Pensilvania,  and  used  his 
Interest  to  have  Sir  "William  continued  in  the  Govern- 
ment aforesaid ;  and  offer  'd  himself  to  answer  for  Sir 
William's  having  a  due  regard  to  their  Instructions,  if 
they  would  please  to  continue  him. 

And  as  to  any  Account  which  the  said  Mr  Penn's 
Eepresentatives  are  liable  to  render  to  the  Crown,  it 
is  evident,  that  no  Change  of  a  Governor  can  have  any 
Influence  upon  that  Demand;  for  the  Eepresentatives 
of  Mr.  Penn  are  in  England,  and  are  obliged  to  answer 
any  Demand  his  Majesty  shall  think  fit  to  make  of 
them — The  Kings  Officers  at  New  York  have  no  power 
to  make  any  Demand  in  Pensilvania:  So  this  is  an 
Objection  of  no  weight.  But  if  it  had,  then  it  is  plain 
from  Colonel  Spotswood 's  own  Word  and  Conduct,  that 
this  Discovery  made  to  his  Majesty  by  the  Colonel,  is 
owing  to  the  Penns  themselves,  by  appointing  a  new 
Governor  for  Pensilvania;  for  he  himself  threatened, 
that  if  the  Penn  Family  (as  he's  pleased  to  call  them) 
offered  to  turn  out  Sir  William,  he  had  something  in 
his  power,  which  he  got  at  New  York,  which  he  would 
put  in  execution,  much  to  their  prejudice,  or  to  that 
effect. 

And  so  it  appears,  for  the  Colonel  never  presented 
any  Petition  to  his  Majesty,  that  the  Penns  know  of, 
to  inform  his  Majesty  of  any  Eight  he  had  to  any  Part 
of  Mr  Penn's  Possessions,  until  Colonel  Spotswood 
perceived  they  would  not  be  frightened  or  threatened 


The  Proprietor  of  Pensilvania.  207 

into  a  Complyance  of  keeping  the  said  Sir  William  in 
the  Government  of  Pensilvania  at  his  E-equest. 

The  Earl  of  Sutherland  about  eight  years  ago  apply  'd 
to  his  Majesty  for  a  Grant  of  Part  of  Mr  Penn's  pos- 
sessions in  America,  on  pretence  the  same  were  not 
well  granted  to  the  late  Proprietor  Penn.  And  on  a 
Eeport  made  then  by  the  Attorney  and  Sollicitor  Gen- 
eral, Lord  Sutherland  thought  fit  to  let  the  thing  drop. 

But  now,  having  received  new  Lights  by  Colonel 
Spots  wood,*  he  has  renewed  his  Application  to  his 
Majesty  for  a  Grant  of  the  same  Lands,  and  Colonel 
Spotswood  appears  publickly  to  support  him  with 
Proofs  for  that  Purpose.  And  altho'  it  is  alledged  by 
the  Colonel's  Petition,  that  the  Penns  have  no  Eight 
to  the  Government  of  the  three  Lower  Counties,  as  they 
are  called,  yet  Mr.  Penn  has  enjoyed  this  Eight  for 
forty  Years  by  gone.  And  if  the  Family  would  have 
continued  Sir  William  Keith,  Colonel  Spotswood,  it 
seems,  would  have  allowed  the  Proprietors  Appoint- 
ment good 

A  Generous  Eeturn  from  a  Person,  who  was  made 
Governor  without  any  Title  to  such  a  Favour  except 
the  Goodness  and  Compassion  of  the  late  Proprietor 
Penn,  who  generously  preferred  him  to  that  Govern- 
ment, where  he  has  got  not  less  than  16000£. 

As  to  the  Petition  of  the  Creditors  of  Sir  William 
Keith,  who  has  been  Mr.  Penn's  Deputy-Governor  of 
Pensilvania  and  the  three  Lower  Counties  for  these 
nine  Years  by  gone,  it  is  indeed  an  Original,  and  de- 
serves no  other  Observation,  but  to  take  notice  of  that 
Sense  they  seem  to  have  of  Honour  and  Justice,  when 
they  take  upon  them  to  represent  the  State  of  the 
Province  of  Pensilvania,  and  Proprietor  Penn's  Fam- 
ily ;  with  either  of  which,  as  they  have  no  Concern,  so 

*  In  another  copy  in  the  possession  of  the  Historical  Society,  the 
following  is  inserted  here,  "whose  Concern  for  his  Majesty's  Interest, 
is  moved  by  Sir  William's  being  about  to  be  removed." 


208  The  Proprietor  of  Pensilvania. 

they  are  no  Judges,  as  every  one  must  know,  who  sees 
their  gross  Misrepresentation  of  both,  and  are  ac- 
quainted with  the  Affairs  of  Pensilvania,  whose  Inhabi- 
tants have  always  enjoyed  their  Liberties  and  Proper- 
ties, and  a  Tranquillity  at  least  equal  to  any  of  his 
Majesty's  Colonies  in  America,  and  that  without  the 
Direction  or  Assistance  of  any  of  those  Petitioners. 

Mr.  Penn's  Family  have  too  great  a  Confidence  in 
his  Majesty's  Justice,  which  all  his  Subjects  are  so 
sensible  of,  to  apprehend  that  his  Majesty  can  be  pre- 
vailed upon  to  break  in  upon  their  Bight  to  help  the 
Petitioners  to  get  their  Debts  of  Sir  William,  who  has 
by  the  meer  Favour  of  the  said  Mr.  Penn  received  no 
less  than  16000£  while  he  has  been  Deputy-Governor 
of  Pensilvania,  which  is  presumed,  put  it  at  least  once 
in  his  power  to  pay  all  those  modest  Petitioners.  But 
whether  he  ever  does  or  not,  neither  Mr.  Penn,  nor  the 
People  of  Pensilvania  are  accountable.  However  if  the 
Petitioners,  who  seem  to  have  so  great  an  Opinion  of 
Sir  William's  Honour  and  Conduct,  think  that  it  is  not 
owing  to  his  want  of  Justice  that  they  are  not  paid 
their  Debts,  they  are  still  at  their  Liberty  to  rely  upon 
his  Honour  for  their  Money,  tho'  Mr  Penn's  Family 
does  not  think  fit  to  trust  him  any  longer  with  the  Gov- 
ernment of  their  Province 

But  for  an  Answer  to  the  Petitioners,  it  is  undoubtly 
true  that  the  Proprietor  is  accountable  for  the  Acts  of 
his  Deputy.  And  if  so,  it  is  humbly  conceived,  that 
imposing  a  Deputy  upon  him,  or  denying  him  the  Ap- 
pointment of  such  a  Person  as  he  can  confide  in,  pro- 
vided the  Person  be  qualify 'd  as  directed  by  the  Act 
of  the  7th  and  8th  of  William  and  Mary,  is  in  effect  to 
take  away  the  Right  granted  him  by  the  Charter,  or  at 
least  it  is  putting  it  in  the  power  of  the  Deputy  to  do 
such  Acts  as  may  occasion  a  Forfeiture  of  the  Charter. 

The  Words  of  the  Act  of  Parliament  by  which  the 
Proprietors  of  Colonies  in  America  are  obliged  to  have 


The  Proprietor  of  Pensilvania.  209 

the   Eoyal  Approbation   to   any  Appointment   of   a 
Deputy-General,  are  as  follows : 

"And  all  Governors  nominated  and  appointed  by 
any  such  Persons  or  Proprietors,  who  shall  be  intitled 
to  make  such  Nomination,  shall  be  allowed  and  ap- 
proved of  by  his  Majesty,  his  Heirs  and  Successors,  as 
aforesaid,  and  shall  take  the  Oaths  in  joined  by  this  or 
any  other  Act,  to  be  taken  by  the  Governors  or  Com- 
manders in  Chief,  in  other  his  Majesty's  Colonies  and 
Plantations,  before  their  entering  upon  their  respective 
Governments,  under  the  like  Penalty  his  Majesty's 
Governors  and  Commanders  in  Chief  are  by  the  said 
Act  liable  to." 

To  the  King's  most  Excellent  Majesty  in  Council, 
The  Humble  Representation  of  Springett  Penn  Esq; 
Grandson  and  Heir  at  Law  of  William  Penn  Esq;,  De- 
ceased, and  Hannah  Penn  Widow,  Relict  and  Executrix 
of  the  said  William  Penn,  who  was  the  late  Proprietor 
and  Governor  in  Chief  of  the  Province  of  Pensilvania, 
and  the  three  counties  of  Newcastle,  Kent,  and  Suffex, 
on  Delaware  in  America: 

SHEWETH, 

That  the  said  Province  and  Counties  having  been 
formerly  granted  to  the  said  William  Penn,  He,  with 
your  Majesty's  Eoyal  Assent  and  Approbation,  in  the 
Year  1716,  appointed  Mr  Keith,  since  Sir  William 
Keith,  Deputy  Governor  of  the  same,  which  Govern- 
ment he  has  held  Nine  Years  and  upwards. 

That  the  said  William  Penn  being  since  deceased, 
and  Sir  William  Keith  having  by  his  Conduct  greatly 
dissatisfied  the  Proprietor's  Family,  the  said  Heir  at 
Law  and  Executrix,  to  render  an  Appointment  the 
more  effectual,  have  both  joined  in  nominating  Major 
Patrick  Gordon  to  be  Deputy,  or  Lieutenant-Governor 
of  the  said  Province  and  Counties,  whom  they  accord- 
ingly in  all  Duty  and  Humility  do  hereby  present  to 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 14 


210  The  Proprietor  of  Pensilvanid. 

your  Majesty,  pursuant  to  the  Act  of  Parliament  in 
that  Case. 

And  forasmuch  as  the  said  Major  Gordon  is  well 
affected  to  your  Majesty's  Person  and  Government, 
and  hath  behaved  well  in  a  long  Service  of  the  British 
Crown  during  both  the  last  Wars  in  Flanders,  as  may 
be  attested, 

They  humbly  pray  your  Majesty's  Allowance  and 
Approbation  of  him  to  be  Deputy  or  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor  of  the  said  Province  and  Counties.  And  as  in 
Duty  bound  shall  every  pray,  etc. 

To  the  King's  most  Excellent  Majesty  in  Council. 
The  Petition  of  Colonel  Spotswood  in  behalf  of  Sir 
William  Keith,  Bart.  Deputy-Governor  of  Pensilvania, 
and  of  the  three  lower  Counties  on  Delaware-River: 

HUMBLY  SHEWETH, 

1.  That  such  have  been  the  difficult  Circumstances 
of  the  Province  of  Pensilvania  ever  since  the  Death 
of  the  late  Proprietor  William  Penn  Esq ;  that  nothing 
less  than  an  extraordinary  Portion  of  Prudence  could 
enable  a  Governour  to  conduct  your  Majesty's  Subjects 
there  in  that  Peace  and  Tranquillity  which  Sir  William 
Keith  has  all  along  done :  For, 

2.  That  the  Controversy  in  the  Penn  Family  (which 
still  remains  undetermined)  about  the  Eight  of  Govern- 
ment, rendered  an  Authority  delegated  from  them  dis- 
putable, until  Sir  William  procured  an  Act  of  Assembly 
to  quiet  the  Minds  of  the  People,  by  vesting  him  with 
a  Legal  Power  to  carry  on  the  Government,  until  it 
should  otherwise  be  more  duly  settled ;  And  which  Con- 
duct of  his  was  approved  of  at  home  by  the  then  Lords 
Justices,  who  ordered  Sir  William  to  continue  to  act 
in  the  Administration  of  the  said  Province,  until  fur- 
ther Signification  of  your  Majesty's  Pleasure. 

3.  That  under  such  Provincial  Settlement,  the  said 
Province  did  thenceforth  happily  remain  in  a  most 


The  Proprietor  of  Pensilvania.  211 

peacable  State,  until  the  Widow  Penn,  without  regard 
to  the  Settlement  made  by  the  Assemby,  and  approved 
by  the  Lords  Justices,  would  take  upon  her  to  act  as 
if  she  were  the  unquestionable  Proprietor,  by  sending 
her  own  Mandatory  Letters  and  Instructions  to  Sir 
William  Keith,  and  requiring  his  absolute  Obedience 
thereto,  on  pain  of  his  immediate  Eemoval  from  that 
Government. 

4.  That  some  of  her  Orders  and  Instructions  not  be- 
ing formed  agreeable  to  the  Charter  and  Constitution 
of  Pensilvania,  have  therefore  occasioned  a  Eemon- 
strance  from  the  whole  Assembly,  as  well  as  Petitions 
from  the  Generality  of  the  People  there — And  if  the 
present  Governor  has  incurred  the  Proprietor's  Dis- 
pleasure, by  endeavouring  to  persuade  Mrs.  Penn  to 
recall  her  Instructions;  a  new  Governour,  by  offering 
to  put  them  in  execution,  will  as  certainly  raise  the 
People's  Dissatisfaction  and  Anger. 

5.  That  thus  the  Tranquillity  of  a  whole  Province 
lying  at  stake,  your  Majesty  may  judge  it  worthy  of 
your  Eoyal  Consideration,  to  know  what  these  new 
Orders  and  Instructions  are,  which  your  Subjects  in 
Pensilvania  appear  to  be  aggrieved  at,  and  which  the 
Penn  Family  conceive  they  cannot  subject  them  to, 
without  the  Help  of  a  new  Governor. 

6.  That    furthermore    your    Petitioner    has    good 
Grounds  to  believe  (as  he  has  already  acquainted  the 
Auditor-General  of  your  Majesty's  Plantations)  that 
the  present  Application  of  the  Family  to  remove  Sir 
William  Keith,  is  in  order  the  better  to  frustrate  an 
Enquiry  which  the  Officers  of  your  Majesty's  Eevenues 
at  New  York  are  now  upon,  for  considerable  Sums 
which  they  apprehend  the  Proprietor  is  at  this  Day 
accountable  to  the  Crown  for,  as  Quit-Eents  received 
from  the  three  lower  Counties  on  Delaware. 

7.  And  lastly,  that  altho'  the  Penn  Family  may  have 
the  Proprietorship  of  the  three  upper  Counties  on 


212  The  Proprietor  of  Pensilvania. 

Delaware,  called  Pensilvania,  and  may  have  a  Eight  to 
appoint  their  Deputy-Governor  for  that  Province;  yet 
it  is  much  questioned  whether  they  have  any  manner 
of  Eight  to  shew  for  the  Dominion,  whatever  Title  they 
may  have  to  the  Soil  of  the  three  lower  Counties  on 
Delaware,  which  at  this  day  make  a  distinct  Govern- 
ment, with  their  own  proper  Assemblies:  And  conse- 
quently the  Appointment  of  a  Governor  for  this  lower 
Province,  is  wholly  in  the  Crown.  And  if  the  Pro- 
prietor's Appointment  has  heretofore  been  admitted 
of,  yet  it  has  always  been  with  an  express  Salvo  to  your 
Majesty's  Eight. 

Wherefore  your  Petitioner  most  humbly  prays,  that 
seeing  no  Charge  of  Male-Administration  is  exhibited 
against  Sir  William  Keith,  your  Majesty  would  be 
graciously  pleased  to  gratify  the  Body  of  the  People 
of  Pensilvania,  by  continuing  him  in  the  Administra- 
tion of  both  Provinces  upon  the  foot  of  the  Provisional 
Settlement  made  by  the  Assembly,  and  approved  by 
the  Lords  Justices,  until  the  Controversy  in  the  Penn 
Family  is  ended  Or  at  least  That  Sir  William  may  re- 
main as  your  Majesty's  own  appointed  Governor  for 
the  three  lower  Counties  on  Delaware,  until  some  Eight 
of  Appointment  thereto  shall  appear  to  be  in  the  said 
Family;  which  will  soon  be  manifested,  when  the  At- 
torney and  Sollicitor-General  shall  make  their  Eeport 
upon  the  Case  now  before  them,  with  reference  to  the 
Earl  of  Sutherland's  Petition,  for  a  Grant  of  the  said 
Counties. 

And  your  Petitioner  shall  every  pray,  etc. 

Alexander  Spotswood. 

To  the  King's  most  Excellent  Majesty  in  Council, 
The  Humble  Petition  of  Micajah  Perry,  Robert  Carey, 
John  Gray,  and  Edward  Jeffreys  of  London,  Mer- 
chants; and  of  Mr.  John  Baskett,  on  behalf  of  them- 


The  Proprietor  of  Pensilvania.  213 

selves  and  others,  Creditors  of  Sir  William  Keith  Bart. 
Deputy-Governor  of  Pensilvania: 

SHEWETH, 

1.  That  the  said  Sir  William  Keith  having  put  him- 
self to  a  very  great  Expence  to  obtain  the  Deputy- 
Governor  of  Pensilvania,  did,  upon  his  Appointment 
thereto,  borrow  considerable  Sums  of  your  Petitioners 
towards  enabling  him  to  carry  over  his  Family,  and 
take  charge  of  the  said  Government,  under  Promise 
of  repaying  your  Petitioners  out  of  the  Income  thereof. 

2.  That  he  having  been  strictly  tyed  up  by  his  In- 
structions from  the  late  Mr.  Penn  the  Proprietor,  to  be 
at  his  own  risque  for  what  the  People  of  that  Province 
could  be  prevailed  with  to  give  for  the  Support  of 
Government,  without  putting  the  said  Proprietor  or 
his  Family  to  any  manner  of  Charge  or  Expence  what- 
soever, it  was  a  Work  of  Time  to  ingratiate  himself 
so  far  with  the  People,  as  to  engage  their  Annual 
Assemblies  to  grant  him  an  Allowance  beyond  the  Ex- 
pence  of  supporting  his  Family. 

3.  That  the  said  Governor  by  his  constant  Demeanor 
in  the  Administration  has  so  far  gained  the  Affections 
of  the  People,  by  strictly  maintaining  their  Eights  and 
Properties,  that  they  are  now  liberally  disposed  to 
allow  him  for  the  future  a  Sallary,  whereby  he  may 
in  few  Years  satisfy  all  his  Creditors:    And  he  has 
thereupon,  in  Justice  to  your  Petitioners,  actually  made 
over  the  whole  Sallary,  whatsoever  it  happen  to  be, 
for  the  Payment  of  his  Debts,  reserving  only  the  Per- 
quisites of  his  Government  to  live  upon 

4.  That  these  Hopes  and  the  just  Expectations  of 
your  Petitioners  are  likely  to  be  frustrated"  by  the  Con- 
duct of  the  Widow  Penn,  who  lately  took  upon  her, 
without  legal  Authority,  to  send  over  her  Instructions 
to  the  said  Governor  in  Matters  which  the  People  ap- 
prehend destructive  of  their  Liberties;  whereby  the 


214  The  Proprietor  of  Pensilvania. 

Province  is  put  into  such  a  Flame,  that  their  House  of 
Eepresentatives  came  last  March  to  an  unanimous  Ee- 
solve,  Viz.  "That  those  Instructions  were  contrary  to, 
and  an  Infringement  of  the  Liberty  and  Privileges 
granted  by  Charter  to  the  People  of  Pensilvania,  and 
were  an  Invasion  on  their  Constitution. "  So  that  if 
the  said  Governor  complys  with  such  instructions,  he 
can't  expect  any  Sallary  from  the  People  for  Support 
of  Government.  And  on  the  other  hand,  Mrs  Penn  re- 
quired his  absolute  Obedience  thereto,  on  pain  of  his 
immediate  Eemoval  from  that  Government. 

5.  That  your  Petitioners  are  informed  the  Eight  of 
the  said  Proprietorship  has  not  been  settled  since  the 
Decease  of  the  late  William  Penn,  but  is  still  depend- 
ing at  Law,  and  that  your  Majesty  has  commanded  the 
said  Governor  to  act  under  your  Authority,  till  your 
Pleasure  should  be  further  signify  'd. 

6.  And  for  as  much  as  your  Petitioners  are  informed, 
that  your  Majesty's  good  Subjects  of  the  said  Province 
do  humbly  hope,  that  your  Majesty  will  not,  out  of 
your  usual   Goodness  and  great  Tenderness   to   the 
Eights  and  Privileges  of  your  People,   (which  your 
Majesty  has  been  always  graciously  pleas 'd  to  pre- 
serve Sacred)  suffer  a  Change  in  the  Government  of 
that  Province ;  but  that  your  Majesty  will,  out  of  your 
tender  Concern  for  them,  first  examine  into  the  Differ- 
ences between  the  Proprietors  Family  and  the  People. 

Your  Petitioners  do  also  on  their  own  Part  most 
humbly  pray,  that  your  Majesty  will  be  pleased  to  inter- 
pose your  Authority  And  in  regard  to  the  Hardships 
your  Petitioners  are  likely  to  be  put  under,  by  the 
extraordinary  Steps  which  have  been  taken  by  the  said 
Widow  Penn,  who  has  attempted  to  oblige  the  said 
Sir  William  Keith  to  continue  in  the  said  Government 
under  such  Circumstances  as  would  disable  him  from 
doing  Justice  to  your  Petitioners ;  It  is  humbly  hoped 
that  your  Majesty  will  be  pleased  to  order  the  said 


The  Proprietor  of  Pensilvania.  215 

Government  to  be  continued  under  your  Majesty's 
Eoyal  Authority,  by  which  it  hath  for  several  Years 
been  happily  carried  on  thro'  the  great  Abilities  and 
good  Conduct  of  the  said  Sir  William  Keith.  And 
that  your  Majesty  will  not  approve  of  the  Nomination 
of  any  other  for  the  said  Government,  unless  it  shall 
appear,  that  the  said  Sir  William  Keith  has  been  guilty 
of  any  Male- Administration  in  Discharge  of  his  Trust 

And  your  Petitioners  shall  ever  pray,  etc 
John  Gray  John  Baskett  Micajah  Perry 

Edward  Jeffreys  Eobert  Carey. 


216  William  Penn  to  Robert  Turner. 


LETTER    OF    WILLIAM    PENN    TO    EOBEET 
TUENEE,  1693. 

(From  the  Granville  Penn  Collection,  of  the 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.) 

Loveing  Friend. 

My  extream  great  affliction  for  y6  decease  of  my  dear 
wife,  makes  me  unfit  to  write  much,  whom  y6  Great  God 
took  to  him  selfe,  from  y*  troubles  of  this  exerciseing 
world,  y*  23d  instant :  In  great  peace  &  sweetness  she 
departed,  &  so  her  gain,  but  our  Incomperable  loss, 
being  one  of  goode,  wise,  chaist,  humble,  plain,  modest, 
industrious,  constant  &  undaunted — but  god  is  God, 
&  Good  &  so  I  stop,  tho  afflicted  not  forsaken.  I  do  be- 
seech y6  by  our  ancient  acquaintance,  by  thy  Gravity  & 
age  in  y6  truth,  thy  love  for  y*  poor  country,  &  above 
all,  for  ye  truths  sake,  to  be  ye  means  of  a  better  under- 
standing among  you  there  away  both  as  to  church  & 
state,  y6  noise  here  of  ye  animositys,  ye  sad  effects  of 
you  upon  y6  place,  ye  contempt  it  brings  upon  y6  county, 
&  y6  irreperable  injury  it  is  to  me  &  my  poor  children, 
yea  upon  your  selves  &  posterity,  methinks,  should 
prevale.  I  can  say  no  more,  but  my  love  to  y*  &  thyn 
&  son  &  Daughters ;  &  entreat  G.  K.  w^  my  love,  by  y° 
same  motives  in  my  name,  to  y6  same  end  &  purpose, 
&  God  almighty  molefy  &  dispose  all  hearts  to  y6  ancient 
tender  blessed  unity,  y*  his  peace  may  be  wto  you,  & 
ye  enimys  may  not,  as  now  they  do,  tryumph  over  you 
all,  &  y6  holy  profession  you  make.  I  am  y6  more 
earnest  with  y66,  because  I  am  thought  by  severall  to 
have  too  much  encouraged  yee,  G.  K.  &c :  by  my  Letters. 
I  am  for  patience,  forbearance,  long  suffering,  &  all 
true  moderation,  but  I  abhor  contention,  nicetys,  doubt- 


William  Penn  to  Robert  Turner.  217 

full  disputations,  divisions  &c :  o  yl  the  Spt.  of  God  may 
rule  &  overrule  our  Sp*,  or  all  we  [have?]  to  say,  for 
god  can  never  glorefy  him.  It  is  his  own  y*  praises  & 
serves  him.  I  could  wish  my  own  concerns  there  were 
in  a  better  way,  but  of  y*  no  more  now.  I  yet  hope  in 
ye  Lord  to  see  you  again,  &  yt  not  long  first,  farewell 
Thy  Eeall  well-wishing  friend 

Wm.  Penn. 
Hodsdon.  27  12m.  93 
I  had  thyn  by  clem.  Plum. 
&  2  or  3  more  before,    all  since 
your  revolution  of  Gover*. 

I  hope  w1  T.?  H.  communicated  takes,  it  will  be  for  all 
your  Good  as  well  as  myn.    T.  Burr    .    .    .     !  here 
salutes  y6  &  thyn.    vale. 
Endorsed :  For  Eobert  Turner 

in 
Philadelphia 


218  Notes  and  Queries. 


NOTES  AND   QUERIES, 
motes. 

DUEE  FAMILY  BIBLE  RECORDS. — In  a  family  Bible,  a  thick  4to,  bear- 
ing the  imprint:  New  York.  Collins,  Perkins  and  Co.,  1807,  recently 
sold  at  a  book  auction,  the  following  record  of  marriages,  births  and 
deaths  were  found  by  the  writer: 

Marriages. 

John  Duer  and  Susanna  Norris  were  married  on  the  nineteeth  day 
of  September,  one  thousand,  eight  hundred  and  eleven.  1811. 

Edward  Norris  Duer  and  Eleanora  A.  Fite  were  married  on  the  six- 
teenth day  ef  November,  one  thousand,  eight  hundred  and  forty-one. 
16th  Nov.,  1841. 

John  Duer,  Jr.,  and  Henrietta  D.  Adgate  were  married  on  the  ninth 
day  of  September,  eighteen  hundred  and  forty-five.  Sept.  9th,  1845. 

Dr.  Thomas  S.  Herbert  and  Elizabeth  Duer  were  married  on  the 
fifth  day  of  November,  eighteen  hundred  and  forty-six.  November  5th, 
1846. 

Births. 

Edward  Norris  Duer,  son  of  John  and  Susanna  Duer,  was  born  on 
the  22d  day  of  August,  1812. 

Charles  Duer,  2d  son  of  John  and  Susanna  Duer,  was  born  on  the  20th 
day  of  September,  1814. 

John  Duer,  3d  son  of  John  and  Susanna  Duer,  was  born  on  the  16th 
day  of  March  1816. 

Mary  Duer,  daughter  of  John  and  Susanna  Duer,  was  born  on  Friday 
morning  the  10th  day  of  April,  1818. 

Elizabeth  Duer,  2d  daughter  of  John  and  Susanna  Duer,  was  born 
on  the  7th  day  of  November,  1819. 

Mary  Caroline  Duer,  3d  daughter  of  John  and  Susanna  Duer,  was 
born  on  Sunday,  the  2d  of  September,  1821. 

The  infant  female  child,  not  named,  was  born  on  Sunday  the  8th  day 
of  June,  1823,  and  died  on  Thursday  morning,  the  26th  of  the  same 
month,  aged  eighteen  days. 

Andrew  Adgate  Duer,  son  of  John  Duer,  Jr.,  and  Henrietta  D.  Duer, 
was  born  on  the  3d  of  December,  1846. 

Isabel  Duer,  daughter  of  John  Duer,  Jr.,  and  Henrietta  D.  Duer,  was 
born  on  the  28th  of  April,  1848. 

Douglass  Henry  Duer,  son  of  John  Duer,  Jr.,  and  Henrietta  D.  Duer, 
was  born  on  the  11th  day  of  April,  1851. 

Edith  Duer,  2d  daughter  of  John  Duer,  Jr.,  and  Henrietta  D.  Duer, 
was  born  on  the  5th  of  January,  1853. 

Deaths. 

John  Duer,  Sr.,  born  in  Bucks  County,  Pa.,  on  the  1st  day  of  July, 
1773,  and  removed  to  Baltimore  in  1795,  died  on  Christmas  day,  1860, 
at  4  o'clock  P.  M.,  in  his  eighty-eighth  year.  Dec'r  25,  1860. 

Susan  Duer,  wife  of  John  Duer,  died  on  Sunday,  the  4th  of  July,  1824. 
Aged  forty-one  years  and  four  days. 


Notes  and  Queries.  219 

Charles  Duer  died  on  the  14th  day  of  October,  1815.  Aged  one  year 
and  twenty-four  days. 

Mary  Duer,  daughter  of  John  and  Susanna  Duer,  departed  this  life 
the  29th  day  of  Dec'r,  1820,  aged  two  years,  eight  months  and  nineteen 
days. 

Elizabeth  Norris  departed  this  life  on  the  21st  S'ept'r,  1852,  aged 
seventy-one  years. 

Elizabeth  Duer  Herbert,  daughter  of  John  and  Susanna  Duer,  died 
on  the  9th  day  of  Dec'r,  1854,  aged  thirty-five  years,  one  month  and  two 
days. 

JAMES  B.  LAUX. 

SEIJECTIONS    FROM    THE    CORRESPONDENCE   OF    RIGHT    REVEREND   JOHN 
ETTWEIN,  OF  BETHLEHEM,  PENNA. 

Bishop  Ettwein  to  Hon.  Arthur  Lee. 
Sir. 

I  recev'd  your  favour  of  Dec'  4th  by  Mr.  Wm  Henry.  A  desire  to 
gratify  you  with  something  relative  to  the  language  and  customs  of  the 
N.  Indians  was  the  cause  of  my  long  silence.  I  have  since  in  my 
leisure  hours  looked  over  some  Diaries  and  Relations  of  our  Missionaries 
among  the  Indians  &  made  a  short  abstract  of  their  observations  and 
specimens  of  their  language  of  which  I  hereby  send  you  a  copy.  Your 
remarks  about  the  Indian  name  of  a  Whale  made  me  enquire  whether 
the  Delaware  Nation  had  knowledge  of  that  creature  in  olden  times 
or  whether  they  only  knew  of  it  by  description,  and  I  was  informed  that 
their  Nation  knew  of  a  whale  before  white  People  came  into  this 
Country,  that  their  forefathers  had  lived  far  East  or  N.  E.  wards  where 
they  saw  these  animals,  the  name  rh'beeachk  signifying  a  Water  Spout, 
and  by  the  account  of  some  Indians  Whales  were  seen  upon  the  Long 
Island  or  Jersey  Coast,  perhaps  before  there  was  so  much  whaling. 
Some  Seneca  Indians  knew  of  the  Greenlanders,  described  their  dress 
&c  calling  them  Seal  or  Sea  Eaters.  I  suppose  they  meant  the 
Esquimaux.  In  tne  Spring  of  1765,  2  April,  Seals  or  Sea  Dogs  were 
shot  by  the  Indians  high  up  the  Susquehanna  river,  and  so  by  some 
accident  a  Whale  or  Whales  may  also  have  happened  to  come  so  far 
West  or  South. 

I  am  with  due  Esteem, 

Honored  Sir, 

your  willing  obed*  Serv*, 

John  Ettwein. 

The  Honorable  Arthur  Lee  Esqr 
one  of  the  commissioners  for  the 
Board  of  Treasury  of  the  U.  St. 
at  New  York. 

Henry  Drinker  to  Bishop  Ettwein. 

Philad.  8th  8mo.  1791. 
Esteemed  Friend. 

A  Friend  of  mine  in  New  York,  Ann  Bingham,  is  very  desirous  of 
placing  her  Daughter  Ann  now  about  11  or  12  years  old,  at  the  Seminary 
for  the  education  of  Girls  at  Bethlehem.  The  Mother,  who  is  descended 
from  a  Noble  family  in  England,  seems  pressing  that  her  Daughter 
should  be  speedily  introducted  under  the  Discipline  and  Occonomy 
established  by  the  Brethren  respecting  the  rising  Generation  of  her 
own  Sex,  and  in  this  matter  it  is  much  my  wish,  she  may  be  gratified. 
Godfrey  Haga  I  find  apprehends  the  number  of  Girls  placed  at  Bethle- 
hem is  complete,  and  fears  there  is  not  at  present  room  for  the  in- 
troduction of  the  person  above  mention'd — However  if  the  earnest  re- 
quest of  her  Mother  can  be  complied  with,  I  trust  our  friend  Jacob 


220  Notes  and  Queries. 

Van  Vleck  and  thyself  will  strive  to  oblige  her  and  me  in  this  matter, 
and  in  that  Case  I  wish  to  be  inform'd  of  the  terms  and  rules  of  the 
Brethren  on  this  Occasion.  To  receive  an  answer  by  the  next  Stage 
or  some  speedy  conveyance  will  be  taken  kindly  thy  assured 

Friend, 

Henry  Drinker. 

Bishop  Ettwein  to  President  Ezra  Stiles. 
Kev*  Sir. 

Your  favour  with  some  Silk  Worm  Eggs  arrived  in  Bethlehem  May  9 
when  the  Worms  just  began  to  creep  out.  Some  years  ago  I  raised  a 
good  deal  of  Silk  in  my  family,  but  my  visit  to  Europe  and  my  Wife's 
decease  caused  me  to  drop  it.  One  of  our  Brethren  in  Nazareth  (David 
Zeisberger)  has  continued  to  do  something  in  that  way,  but  finding  his 
worms  to  degenerate  he  applied  to  Mr.  Nathanael  Green  of  Newport 
to  provide  him  new  Seed,  which  he  received  by  your  favour.  He  told 
me  that  his  New  England  Worms  seemed  much  stronger  than  his 
Nazareth  brood.  He  tends  the  Worms  himself,  reels  the  Cocoons  and 
prepares  the  Silk  for  the  needle,  and  has  promised  me  a  specimen  of 
it  for  you  when  he  has  finished  for  this  year. 

I  am 
June  24,  1793.  Rev*  Sir 

your  humble  Serv* 

John  Ettwein. 

3  Aug.  1793. 
Doctr  Ezra  Stiles 

Revd  Sir. 

In  a  former  letter  I  informed  you  of  the  receipt  of  the  Silkworm  Eggs. 
We  had  a  wet  Season  which  is  unfavorable  for  raising  Silk  Worms. 
But  Mr.  Zeisberger,  at  Nazareth  was  nevertheless  pretty  lucky  with 
the  N.  England  Seed.  He  sent  me  the  enclosed  silk  for  you  as  a  small 
return  for  the  Eggs.  Mr.  Gervais  of  N.  York  is  so  kind  as  to  take 
it  from  me  to  forward  to  you. 

I  sent  sometime  ago  by  way  of  N.  York  a  Packet  to  Mr.  Benjamin 
Trumbull  at  North  Haven  containing  answers  to  some  questions  for  a 
General  History  of  America.  I  fear  he  has  not  received  it  and  I  should 
be  sorry  it  if  had  been  lost. 

Wishing  you  all  desirable  Blessing, 

I  remain  with  Love  &  Esteem 

Your  humble  Serv* 

John  Ettwein. 

Hon*  A.  J.  Dallas  to  Bishop  Ettwein. 
Sir. 

Permit  me  in  the  absence  of  the  Governor,  to  introduce  to  your  ac- 
quaintance Mr.  Liancourt  (formerly  Duke  de  Liancourt)  who  is  about 
to  prosecute  a  tour  through  the  interior  of  Pennsylvania  and  New 
Jersey.  Any  information  which  you  can  communicate  to  him,  and 
attention  that  you  may  be  pleased  to  shew,  will  confer  a  favor  on  the 
Governor,  as  well  as  on  me. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be  with  great  respect  Reverend  Sir, 

Your  most  obed  Hble  Serv, 

A.  J.  Dallas 
Phila,  15  June  1797. 
The  Right  Revd  Bishop  Ettwein 
Bethlehem. 

REV.  THOMAS  BACON,  Rector  of  All  Saints  parish,  died  Tuesday, 
May  24,  1768,  at  Fredericktown,  Maryland.  He  was  the  author  of  "A 
Complete  System  of  the  Revenue  of  Ireland,"  published  in  1737,  and  a 
few  years  before  his  death  compiled  a  complete  body  of  the  Laws  of 


Notes  and  Queries.  221 

Maryland.  His  humane,  benevolent  disposition  and  amiable  deportment, 
gained  him  the  love  and  esteem  of  all  his  parishioners.  He  was  likewise 
an  affectionate  husband,  a  tender  parent,  a  kind  master,  and  a  most 
agreeable  companion,  which  renders  his  death  not  only  a  loss  to  his 
acquaintance,  but  to  society  in  general. — Pennsylvania  Chronicle  June 
13,  1768. 

VALLEY  FORGE.  "At  Whitemarsh,  where  there  was  reason  to  expect 
an  engagement,  there  was  not  a  sufficiency  of  instruments  to  employ  all 
those  present. 

"The  whole  Winter  there  was  such  a  want  of  Lancets  that  numbers 
of  the  regimental  surgeons  were  without  one,  and  that  in  June,  1778, 
when  the  army  left  Valley  Forge,  the  sick  in  Camp  amounted  to  near 
3000.  I  was  detailed  to  remain  with  them,  with  one  junior  surgon  and 
a  few  regimental  surgeons  and  mates."  Surgeon  James  Hutohinson. 

"EXILES  IN  VIRGINIA." — In  the  Manuscript  Division  of  the  Historical 
Society  of  Pennsylvania,  is  preserved  the  original  order  of  Washington 
granting  permission  to  four  of  the  "Exiles"  to  return  to  Philadelphia 
from  Virginia.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Drinker,  in  her  journal,  states  under 
date  of — 

April  29th  1778."  Left  Downingtown  about  1.0  o'clock  and  proceeded 
on  to  Robert  Jones,  about  17  miles  where  we  dined.  Here  J.  Morris 
came  to  us  from  Washington's  Headquarters  to  which  place  he  went  in 
y»  morning  and  brought  a  pass  for  all  our  company,  horses  &c.  After 
dinner  we  went  on  to  J.  Roberts  being  frequently  stopped  by  Guards 
at  different  places  on  ye  road." 

"Head  Quarters  Valley  Forge  29tb  April  1778. 

Messr§  James  Pemberton,  Jno.  Pemberton,  Henry  Drinker  and  Samuel 
Pleasants  having  been  discharged  by  the  Executive  Council  of  this 
State  have  permission  to  return  to  Philad*  unmolested. 

By  his  Excellency's  Commd 

Tench  Tilghman." 

ORDERS  OF  MARCH  OF  THF  PENNSYLVANIA  LINE  FROM  VALLEY  FORGE, 
JUNE  18,  1778.  By  John  W.  Jordan. 

On  the  re-organization  of  the  Continental  army  at  Valley  Forge  in  the 
Spring  of  1778,  it  was  divided  into  five  divisions; — the  first,  commanded 
by  General  Lee;  the  second,  by  General  Mifflin;  the  third,  by  General 
Lafayette;  the  fourth,  by  General  de  Kalb;  and  the  fifth,  by  General 
Stirling.  To  General  Mifflin's  division  was  assigned  two  brigades  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Line,  Wayne's  and  the  late  Conway's.  On  May  29, 
General  Washington  ascertained,  "that  the  enemy  mean  to  evacuate 
Philadelphia,  is  almost  reduced  to  a  certainty,"  and  a  week  later  he  was 
convinced,  that  Clinton  intended  to  march  through  the  Jerseys  to  New 
York.  At  a  council  of  war,  held  June  17,  the  Commander-in-Chief,  only 
supported  by  Generals  Greene,  Wayne,  Lafayette  and  Cadwalader,  decided 
to  intercept  Clinton,  and  the  following  day  the  divisions  of  Lee  and 
Mifflin  marched  from  camp,  the  former  with  orders  to  cross  the  Delaware 
at  Cornell's  ferry  and  the  latter  at  Sherrerd's  ferry.  General  Lee  being 
the  senior  Major  General  of  the  army  was  given  the  advance,  but  rainy 
weather  impeded  their  march  and  the  crossing  was  not  made  before  the 
20th,  and  eight  days  later,  the  battle  of  Monmouth  was  fought. 

In  the  Manuscrfpt  Division  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania 
there  is  preserved  the  Orderly  Book  of  Lieut.-Col.  Adam  Hubley,  Jr., 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Line,  from  which  the  following  order  of  march  of 
General  Mifflin's  division  from  Valley  Forge  in  pursuit  of  General 
Clinton's  army  is  copied. 


222 


Notes  and  Queries. 


CAMP  VALLEY  FOBGE. 

Orders  of  March  for  Genl  Mifflins  Division  of  three  Brigades. 
The  Division  to  parade  at        o'Clock  with  their  Baggage  on  the  plain 
opposite  Gen1  Waynes  Quarters,  their  Front  to  their  Hutts,  their  right 
Wing  to  the  river  Schuylkill,  the  Baggage  Waggons  on  the  left  of  the 
whole.    Each  Brigade  to  give  their  proportion  of  the  following  Guards 
for  the  March 
24  Pioneers,  comd  by  a  Lieu*  &  one  Serg*  who  are  to  be  suppld  with  6 

Wood  Axes,  4  Picks,  2  Saws  &  12  Shovels  or  spades — 
60  for  advance  Guards,  under  a  Captain  &  2  Subs — 
40  Hear  Guards,  a  Capt  &  2  Subs — 
72  Guards  for  the  flanks  2  Lieuts  &  4  2nd  Lieu*8 — 
50  for  the  Baggage  Guard,  a  Cap  &  2  Subs. 


246 


Pioneers. 

Advance  Guard. 

Artillery. 


Lt. 
12 


Lt. 
12 


Lieute*  36 


2d  Lt. 
12 


2d  Lt. 
12 


Lieut*  36 


2d  Lt. 
12 


2d  Lt. 
12 


Artillery. 

ODD 

Captain  40  Rear  Guard. 

8 

Baggage  15  Q   15 
12 


As  the  route  mark'd  for  the  division,  will  not  admit  of  an  extension 
front,  each  Brigade,  will  be  told  off,  by  s.ub-platoons  of  Eight,  which 
will  make  the  front  of  the  Column,  to  march  by  the  right. 
The  Corps  of  Artificers  to  be  appinted  by  the  Qup  Master  Gen1,  will 


Notes  and  Queries.  223 

always  march  with  the  Pioneers,  one  hour  at  least,  before  the  column 

moves — they  will  have  a  guide,  and  be  inform'd  where  to  halt — 

The  advance  Guard  100  paces  in  front  of  the  Column  during  the  march — 

The  rear  Guard,  100  paces  in  the  rear  of  the  Column.     The  intervals 

between  the  Brigades  30  paces. 

The  officers  who  command  the  parties,  covering  the  flanks  of  the  column 

will  move  as  nearly  parallel  to  it  as  possible;  taking  care  to  keep  it 

frequently  in  view,  and  to  regulate  their  route,  by  the  march  of  the 

column — 

The  most  active  Men  to  be  given  for  this  service,  their  packs  to  be 

carried  in  the  Waggons — 

The  Baggage  50  paces  in  the  rear  of  the  Column,  two  field  officers  to 

superintend  the  line  of  march  to  prevent  all  irregularities  &  delays — 

this  service  to  be  done  in  rotation — 

No  man  to  leave  the  division  on  the  march  without  leave  from  the 

Serjeant  of  the  platoon  to  which  he  may  belong.    The  common  practice 

of  running  to  the  farm  houses  &  wells,  under  a  pretence  of  procuring 

water  must  be  prevented — If  necessity  obliges  a  soldier  to  leave  the 

line  for  a  few  minutes,  the  Serjeant  to  whose  platoon  he  belongs,  must 

take  care  that  he  returns  to  the  Column — 

Proper  halts  are  fix'd  for  the  division,  which  will  take  from  the  soldiers 

every  pretence  of  leaving  his  Company  in  search  of  water — 

Agreeable  to.  the  Gen1  orders  of  the  30th  of  May,  proper  officers  to  be 

appointed  from  each  Brigade,  to  take  charge  of  such  of  their  sick  who 

cannot  be  mov'd  with  the  division — 

The  rear  Guard  to  take  charge  of  all  Prisoners. — 

COST  OF  TILE  STOVES  IN  1748. — 

Oct.  20,  1748. 
Trustees 

To  Daniel  Miller  Dr. 

To  2  Stoves  with  iron  plates  &  doors £7.  8.  4 

"  50  Tiles    "    3   " 

£7.11.  4 

AN  ELECTRICAL  ROD. — 

Rec'd  August  30th  1770  of  Mr.  John  Ross  one  pound  fourteen  Shillings 
for  an  Electrical  rod. 

Pr.  William  Rush 

£1,14,0 

PROCLAMATIONS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS  FROM  THE  PENNSYLVANIA 
GAZETTE  OF  FEBRUARY  27,  1782. — 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  ESQ. 

General  and  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Armies  of  the  United  States 

of  America. 

PROCLAMATION. 

Whereas  there  is  good  reason  to  believe,  that  there  are  many 
Deserters  from  the  Continental  Army,  who,  from  a  conviction  of  their 
errors,  and  from  finding  themselves  deluded  by  false  promises,  would 
willingly  return  to  their  colors,  were  they  not  apprehensive  of  that 
punishment  which  is  justly  due  to  their  crimes:  Therefore,  from 
motives  of  humanity,  and  in  order  to  give  all  such  an  opportunity  of 
returning  to  the  service  of  their  country,  I  have  thought  fit  to  issue 
this  my  Proclamation,  offering  free  Pardon  to  all  Deserters;  as  well 


224  Notes  and  Queries. 

those  who  may  have  joined  the  enemy  as  others,  who  shall  deliver  them- 
selves up  to  any  Continental  Officer,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of 
June  next. 

But  I  think  it  necessary  at  the  same  time  to  declare,  that  all  those 
who  neglect  to  embrace  the  terms  now  offered,  and  are  hereafter  appre- 
hended, may  expect  the  most  exemplary  punishment. 

Given  at  Headquarters,  in  Philadelphia,  this  eighth  day  of  February, 
1782. 

GEOBGE  WASHINGTON. 
By  His  Excellency's  Command, 

TENCH  TILGHMAN,  A.  D.  0. 

[The  printers  in  the  different  States  are  requested  to  publish  the 
above.] 

OFFICE  OF  FINANCE. 
FEBBTJABY  12,  1782. 

Whereas  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled,  on  the  second  day 
of  November,  1781,  did  resolve,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  several 
States  to  lay  taxes  for  raising  their  quotas  of  money  for  the  United 
States,  separate  from  those  laid  for  their  own  particular  use;  and  to 
pass  acts  directing  the  collectors  to  pay  the  same  to  the  Commissioner 
of  the  loan-office,  or  such  other  person  as  should  be  appointed  by  the 
Superintendent  of  Finance,  to  receive  the  same  within  the  State,  and 
to  authorize  such  receiver  to  recover  the  moneys  of  the  Collectors  for 
the  use  of  the  United  States,  in  the  same  manner  and  under  the  same 
penalties  as  State  taxes  are  recovered  by  the  Treasurers  of  the  re- 
spective States,  to  be  subject  only  to  the  orders  of  Congress  or  the 
Superintendent  of  Finance. 

And  Whereas  it  is  not  only  necessary  that  some  precise  mode  be 
adopted  for  managing  the  public  business  in  this  respect,  but  also  that 
the  same  be  publicly  known,  so  that  all  persons  concerned  therein  may 
have  due  notice  thereof;  I  have  therefore  established  the  following  Rules, 
in  that  behalf,  for  the  receivers,  who  have  been  or  shall  be  by  me 
appointed. 

1st.  They  shall,  according  to  the  powers  and  authorities  which  they 
may  respectively  be  invested  with,  urge  the  payment  of  the  several 
quotas  of  money  which  are  or  may  be  required  by  the  United  States  in 
Congress  assembled. 

2dly.  They  shall  receive  bank  notes  issued  by  the  President,  Directors 
and  Company  of  the  Bank  of  North  America,  in  payment  of  taxes;  and 
when  they  shall  receive  any  other  money,  they  shall  purchase  therewith 
the  said  bank  notes. 

3dly.  They  shall  at  the  end  of  every  week  make  out  a  cash  account, 
containing  all  the  receipts  of  money  during  such  week,  which  account 
shall  be  transmitted  by  the  next  succeeding  post  to  the  Superintendent 
of  Finance. 

4thly.  They  shall,  from  time  to  time,  transmit  the  bank  notes  in  their 
possession,  by  such  person  and  in  such  manner  as  the  Superintendent 
of  Finance  shall  direct,  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  which 
person  shall  give  a  receipt  for  the  same. 

5thly.  When  such  notes,  so  transmitted,  shall  arrive,  a  warrant  shall 
issue  therefor,  in  favor  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  under 
the  seal  of  the  treasury,  signed  by  the  Superintendent  of  Finance,  and 
duly  entered  in  the  register's  office,  directed  to  the  receiver  who  shall 
have  transmitted  the  same;  and  the  said  Treasurer,  on  receipt  thereof, 
shall  give  a  discharge  for  the  same  in  the  usual  form,  indorsed  on  the 
said  warrant;  which  receipt  being  also  entered  in  the  register's  office, 


Notes  and  Queries.  225 

the  said  warrant  shall  be  transmitted  to  the  said  receiver,  who  shall 
cancel  the  receipt  originally  given  to  him. 

6thly.  The  said  receivers  shall,  at  the  end  of  every  month,  make  out 
an  exact  account  of  the  moneys  received  by  them  respectively,  during 
such  month,  specifying  therein  the  names  of  the  persons  from  whom  the 
same  shall  have  been  received,  the  dates  and  the  sums;  which  account 
they  shall  respectively  cause  to  be  published  in  one  of  the  newspapers 
of  the  State;  to  the  end  that  every  citizen  may  know  how  much  of  the 
moneys  collected  from  him,  in  taxes,  is  transmitted  to  the  treasury  of 
the  United  States  for  the  support  of  the  war;  and  also,  that  it  may  be 
known  what  moneys  have  been  at  the  order  of  the  Superintendent  of 
Finance.  It  being  proper  and  necessary,  that  in  a  free  country  the 
people  should  be  as  fully  informed  of  the  administration  of  their  affairs 
as  the  nature  of  things  will  admit. 

ROBERT  MORRIS. 

[All  the  Printers  in  the  United  States  are  requested  to  insert  this  in 
their  Newspapers.] 

MR.  VERSTILLE, 

At  Mrs.  Ford's,  in  Arch  street,  determined  to  give  the  fullest  satisfac- 
tion to  the  Public,  whom  he  is  devoted  to  serve,  proposes  to  take  Minia- 
ture Likenesses,  for  the  two  Months  following,  at  the  very  moderate 
Price  of  Two  Guineas. — If  the  Persons  who  employ  him  should  not  be 
satisfied  with  the  Goodness  of  the  Likeness,  he  will  demand  nothing  for 
the  Piece.  Feb.  15,  1782. 

All  persons  indebted  to  the  estate  of  Jacob  Keyser,  jun.  late  of  Ger- 
mantown,  deceased,  are  desired  to  be  speedy  in  settling  their  accounts 
with  the  subscribers,  in  Germantown;  and  all  persons  to  whom  he  was 
indebted  are  desired  to  bring  in  their  accounts  for  payment. 

WICHABD  MILLER,  \ 
BENJ.  KEYSEB,       I  Execut. 
Feb.  18,  1782.  JOSEPH  KEYSEB,   J 


Damaged  Powder  bought,  or  repaired  reasonably;  and  Salt-Petre 
purchased,  or  worked  into  Powder,  by  the  Subscriber,  at  Frankford 
Powder-Mill. 

Feb.  12,  1782.  JOHN  EVE. 


Found,  on  Monday,  the  18th  instant,  buried  in  the  Commons  of 
Philadelphia,  Two  Watches,  two  Silver  Table  Spoons,  and  four  Tea 
ditto.  The  owner,  by  applying  to  Nicholas  Bernard,  in  Third  street, 
between  Chestnut  and  Walnut  streets,  proving  property,  and  paying 
charges,  may  be  informed  where  they  are. 


LEBANON  RACES. — Clipping  from  the  Pennsylvania  Chronicle,  June 
13-20,  1768. 

LEBANON  RACES. 

On  Wednesday  the  twenty-second  day  of  this  month  (JUNE)  will 
be  run  for,  over  the  course  at  Lebanon-Town,  in  Lancaster  county,  and 
province  of  Pennsylvania, 

A   PURSE   OF    FORTY   DOLLARS 

free  for  scrubs  only,  that  never  won  a  purse  above  that  sum;  the  best  of 
three  two-mile  heats,  to  catch  riders,  and  not  less  than  four  horses  to 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 15 


226  Notes  and  Queries. 

start.  The  horses  to  be  entered  at  Mr.  Philip  Greenwald's  the  Monday 
preceding  the  race,  paying  Ten  Shillings  entrance,  or  double  at  the  post. 

The  next  day,  a  purse  of  Twenty-five  Dollars  will  be  run  for,  agree- 
able to  the  terms  above-mentioned,  the  winning  horse  excepted.  The 
horses  to  be  entered  on  the  day  and  place  aforesaid,  paying  a  dollar 
entrance,  or  double  at  the  post. 

On  the  day  following  (being  the  24th)  the  entrance-money  will  be 
run  for  (free  for  any  scrub,  except  the  winning  horses)  the  best  of  three 
one-mile  heats. 

Any  rider  detected  in  unfair  behavior,  will  be  deemed  distanced. — 
Effectual  care  will  be  taken  to  have  the  ground  in  good  order;  and 
proper  judges  will  be  appointed  to  determine  any  disputes  that  may 
arise. 


ADVERTISEMENTS  FROM  THE  Philadelphia  Gazette  OF  JUNE  20,  1809. — 
The  Insurance  Company  of  North  America,  in  compliance  with  the 
wishes  of  many  persons  who  have  been  in  the  habit  of  Insuring  their 
property  against  Loss  or  Damage  by  Fire,  and  also  with  a  view  to 
encourage  others  to  follow  their  laudable  example,  have  Reduced  their 
Premiums,  to  a  rate,  it  is  presumed,  unexceptionably  moderate.  This 
is,  therefore,  to  give  notice  to  those  who  may  choose  to  avail  them- 
selves of  the  means  thus  offered,  to  guard  against  the  calamitous  in- 
juries too  often  sustained  by  Fire  that  the  Company  will  effect  Insur- 
ance on  every  species  of  property,  not  only  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia, 
but  in  other  parts  of  the  United  States. 

Letters  of  inquiry,  as  well  as  orders  for  Insurance  remote  from  this 
city,  will  be  promptly  attended  to,  if  addressed  to 

JOHN  INSKEEP,  Pres't. 
Insurance  office  of  N.  Amer.,  Philadelphia,  May  27,  1808. 


PANORAMA. 

On  Thursday  the  22d  June,  at  10  o'clock,  in  Chestnut  street,  between 
Tenth  and  Eleventh  streets.  The  Panorama,  or  grand  view  of  the  city 
of  Baltimore,  Fells  Point,  the  Bason,  shipping,  Chesapeake  Bay  and 
county  adjacent. 

This  painting  occupies  about  3000  feet  of  canvass,  was  sketched  and 
executed  by  the  most  eminent  artists,  and  has  never  been  exhibited 
except  in  Philadelphia.  It  is  an  accurate  and  picturesque  representation, 
in  elegance  and  effect,  surpasses  any  painting  of  the  kind  ever  exe- 
cuted in  America — and  in  beauty  and  grandeur  of  style  is  equal  to  the 
Panoramas  of  the  battles  of  Alexandria,  Lodi,  Scringapatam,  etc.,  or 
any  of  the  Panoramas  ever  exhibited  in  Europe. 

To  the  Carpenters  and  Builders. 

At  the  above  time  and  place  will  be  sold,  the  frame  building  contain- 
ing the  Panorama.  It  is  a  rotunda  60  feet  in  diameter — the  wall  or 
sides  23  feet  high  and  the  whole  covered.  The  boards  and  the  scantling 
are  of  good  materials,  well  seasoned,  in  a  high  state  of  preservation 
and  can  be  removed  with  little  or  no  injury.  Also,  a  number  of  valuable 
copper-plates. 

Jas.  M'Glathery  &  Co.,  auc. 


TURTLE  SOUP. 

The  public  are  respectfully  informed  that  Turtle  Soup  will  be 
ready  from  4  until  10  P.  M.  on  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays, 
during  the  season,  at  the  Sign  of  Columbus,  No.  110,  North  Second  street. 

B.  ROBERTS. 


Notes  and  Queries.  227 

MABBIED. 

On  Saturday  evening  last,  by  Reverend  Dr.  Abercrombie,  Mr.  John 

Roberts,  to  Miss  Hannah  Nicholson,  all  of  this  city.  (14*) 


DIED,  on  Monday  evening,  12th  inst.,  Mrs.  Ann  Smith,  wife  of  Mr. 
William  T.  Smith,  merchant,  and  daughter  of  Philip  Wager,  Esq.,  of 
this  city,  in  the  22d  year  of  her  age. 


INFORMATION  REQUESTED. 

By  the  wife  of  a  certain  James  M'Elwey,  who  has  traded  between 
Boston,  Norfolk,  Baltimore,  and  Philadelphia.  She  has  followed  him 
to  this  city  with  five  small  children,  and  this  is  to  inform  him,  that  she 
is  now  at  Mr.  Mullin's,  South  street,  between  Fourth  and  Fifth  streets, 
where  she  is  to  wait  to  see  him. 


FOB  SALE — A  SHIP. 

Now  on  the  stocks,  and  can  be  launched  in  three  weeks,  70  feet  keel, 
straight  rabit,  26J  beam,  10$  lower  hold  and  5$  feet  between  decks, 
she  is  copper  fastened,  and  likely  to  be  a  prime  sailer,  and  will  carry 
upwards  of  3000  barrels.  Apply  to 

JEHU  EYRE, 
Kensington. 

FOB  SALE  OB  CHABTEB. 

The  ship  Ocean 

Copper  fastened  and  copper  sheathed  to  the  bends,  and  ready  for  an 
India  or  any  other  voyage.  For  terms  apply  to 

DANIEL  MAN. 
Who  has  for  sale 
A  few  pipes  of  old  high-flavored  4th  proof  Charante  brandy. 


[A  handsome  water  color  painting  of  the  ship  Ocean  is  in  the  collection 
of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.] 


TAKE  NOTICE. 

To  all  officers  and  soldiers,  or  their  legal  representatives,  who  served 
in  the  regiment  called  the  Virginia  Blues,  commanded  by  the  late 
General,  then  Colonel,  George  Washington,  any  one  campaign,  from  the 
year  1754  to  1764;  all  those  who  served  in  the  First  battalion  of  Royal 
Americans,  commanded  by  Col.  Henry  Boquet;  all  those  who  served  in 
the  Pennsylvania  Provincials,  First  battalion,  commanded  by  the  late 
Ma j. -Gen.  John  Armstrong,  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  formerly 
a  colonel  of  the  Pennsylvania  Provincials;  Second  battalion  commanded 
by  Col.  James  Burd;  Third,  by  the  late  Gen.  Hugh  Mercer  (then 
colonel);  Fourth,  the  late  Turbot  Francis: — and  also  all  those  who 
served  in  any  of  the  Provincial  troops  of  the  United  States — 
Notice  is  hereby  given, 

That  they  are  entitled  to  a  valuable  bounty  of  Crown  Land,  by 
virtue  of  the  King  of  England's  Proclamation,  dated  the  7th  October, 
1763.  Their  service  must  be  proved  by  commission,  discharge,  or  living 
witness.  Application  may  be  made  to  Gen.  Andrew  Ellicott,  Esq.,  and 
Paul  Zantzinger,  Esq.,  Notary  Public,  Lancaster;  George  Lewis  Lestler, 


228  Notes  and  Queries. 

Esq.,  York;  John  Capp,  Esq.,  Harrisburg;  Hugh  Brunson,  Esq.,  George- 
town, Northumberland  county;  John  Scott,  Notary  Public,  Shippens- 
burg;  John  Holliday,  Esq.,  Chambersburg ;  Chas.  Bravard,  Esq.,  Car- 
lisle; Jacob  Rudesti,  Esq.,  Associate  Judge,  Hanover,  York  county; 
Charles  J.  Smith,  Bedford  township  and  county;  Robert  Robb,  Esq., 
Muncy,  Lycoming  county;  Frederick  Hubley,  Esq.,  Lebanon,  Dauphin 
county;  Flavel  Rowan,  Esq.,  Buffaloe  Valley,  Northumberland  county; 
Joseph  Foulk,  Esq.,  Williamsport,  Lycoming  county;  David  Lusk,  Esq., 
near  the  mouth  of  Bald-Eagle  creek,  Centre  county;  David  Mackey, 
Esq.,  New  London  Cross  Roads,  Chester  county;  Henry  Fleming,  Esq., 
West  Chester;  Dr.  George  Monro,  Wilmington,  New  Castle  county; 
James  Battle,  Esq.,  Dover,  Kent  county;  Nathan  Potts,  Esq.,  Norris- 
town,  Montgomery  county;  Anthony  Hergesheimer,  major  and  post- 
master, Germantown,  Philadelphia  county;  Benj.  Nones,  No.  22  Chest- 
nut street,  Philadelphia;  Col.  Nicholas  Hirm,  Lehigh  township,  North- 
ampton county;  Collinson  Read,  Esq.,  attorney  at  law  and  notary  public, 
Reading,  Berks  county,  and  also,  all  those  who  have  claims  by  pur- 
chase from  the  late  George  Croghan,  Esq. — who  are  requested  to  affix 
the  subscriber's  name  as  agent  to  all  papers  by  them  received;  or  by 
letter  addressed  to  the  subscriber,  living  at  the  Big  Spring,  in  Cum- 
berland county,  or  any  of  the  above  named  agents,  any  time  before 
the  15th  of  July  next.  All  letters  for  the  subscriber  from  the  Westward, 
are  to  be  addressed  to  the  care  of  Capt.  William  Rippey,  Shippensburg; 
and  all  letters  from  the  Eastward  to  Charles  Bravard,  Esq.,  Carlisle,  or 
John  Capp,  Harrisburg.  All  those  who  have  claims  in  the  late 
Revolutionary  war,  against  the  United  States,  or  individual  States,  may 
apply  as  above  mentioned. 

JAMES  IRWIN. 

N.B. — The   subscriber   will   attend   every   day   at  Henry   Kennedy's, 
White  Horse  tavern,  Market  street,  Philadelphia. 


FOB  SALE. 
The  ship  George  Washington. 

Now  lying  at  M'Mullin's  wharf,  almost  new,  having  performed  but 
one  voyage  to  Bordeaux,  Philadelphia  built,  copper  fastened  and  salted 
on  the  stocks,  324  tons  burden  per  register,  will  carry  about  4000  bbls. 
of  flour.  Being  completely  fitted  for  a  voyage,  may  be  sent  to  sea 
immediately  and  without  expense.  For  terms  apply  to 

L.  KRUMBHAAR, 

No.  144  S.  Third  street. 

ANOTHER  LANDMARK  GONE. — The  passing  of  the  Waverly  Hotel  of 
Bedford,  Penna.,  recalls  incidents  connected  with  the  history  of  this 
ancient  hostelry  and  others  of  the  town,  contributed  by  Miss  A.  M. 
Gilchrist,  to  the  Altoona  Tribune  of  February  20,  1915. 

The  passing  of  another  of  Bedford  county's  landmarks — the  Waverly 
Hotel — recalls  many  interesting  incidents  of  the  early  days,  when  the 
now-famous  Lincoln  highway  was  but  an  Indian  trail. 

The  Waverly  H'otel,  a  part  of  which  for  over  a  century  catered  to  the 
wants  of  an  exacting  public,  has  passed  away,  but  not  into  oblivion. 
Upon  that  site  will  shortly  be  erected  a  handsome  and  modern  building 
by  the  recently  organized  Bedford  County  Trust  Company. 

A  search  of  the  early  records  of  the  manor  and  borough  of  Bedford 
has  brought  to  light  the  original  grant  of  the  lot  upon  which  recently 
stood  the  hotel  and  the  First  National  Bank.  A  deed  bearing  date  of 
September  111,  1799,  says  in  part:  "John  Penn,  of  the  County  of  Bucks, 
in  the  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain,  and  Richard  Penn,  of  the  County  of 


Notes  and  Queries.  229 

Middlesex,  Kingdom  aforesaid,  by  their  attorney,  George  Woods,  of 
Bedford,  conveyed  to  John  Anderson,  also  of  Bedford,  a  lot  number 
28  in  the  original  plan  of  lots,  situate  on  the  west  side  of  Juliana  Street, 
Bedford,  and  other  lots,  etc.,  for  the  consideration  of  305  pounds,,  19 
shillings  and  10  pence."  And  on  December  9,  1803,  Dr.  John  Anderson, 
who  was  the  first  owner  of  the  famous  Bedford  Springs,  conveyed  to 
Jacob  Bonnett,  for  the  sum  of  $800,  four  lots  on  the  west  side  of  Juliana 
street,  Bedford,  including  the  above. 

Not  long  afterward  Jacob  Bonnett  erected  an  inn  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  the  traveling  public,  which  was  famed  for  its  excellent  meals, 
well-kept  rooms,  and  geniality  of  the  hosts.  Mr.  Bonnett  was  also  a 
justice  of  the  peace  and  one  of  the  early  prothonotariea  of  the  county. 

One  bitter  cold  night,  in  March,  1826,  a  fire  broke  out  in  the  Bonnett 
Tavern  and  neighbors  responded  to  the  call  for  assistance.  The  building 
was  only  partially  destroyed  and  was  immediately  rebuilt;  in  the  re- 
cent removal  of  the  structure  it  was  possible  to  see  where  additions 
had  been  made  to  the  original  inn.  The  furniture  was  carried  by  willing 
hands  into  the  public  square  in  front  of  where  now  stands  the  Presby- 
terian church. 

After  forty-four  years  the  Bonnett  Inn  became  the  property  of  Isaac 
Mengel,  Sr.,  who  conducted  it  until  1868,  when  his  son,  Isaac,  Jr., 
became  proprietor  and  changed  the  name  to  the  "Mengel  House,"  which 
it  retained  during  the  management  of  James  M.  Purcell;  later  "The 
Waverly"  passing  into  the  hands  of  L.  B.  Doty  and  the  First  National 
Bank. 

Taverns  were  a  great  necessity  in  those  early  days,  owing  to  the  vast 
amount  of  travel,  and  they  were  generally  well  filled,  many  guests 
sleeping  upon  the  bar-room  floors.  The  earliest  inns  or  taverns,  of 
which  we  have  record,  were  built  about  1755  and  were:  the  Frederick 
Nawgel  Inn,  which  stood  on  the  property  now  owned  by  Dr.  A.  C.  Wolf, 
on  the  north  side  of  West  Pitt  street;  the  George  Funk  Inn,  on  the 
adjoining  lot,  where  the  dwelling  of  Daniel  Miller  now  stands;  and  the 
inn  of  Margaret  Fraser,  on  the  property  now  owned  by  Nicholas  Lyons, 
on  Richard  street.  Here,  it  is  said,  was  born,  in  1759,  William  Fraser, 
the  first  white  child  born  within  the  present  limits  of  the  county.  Also, 
the  Anderson  House  on  East  Pitt  street,  conducted  by  Elijah  Adams, 
where  the  Riser  dwelling  now  stands.  Prior  to  these  was  erected  the 
"Old  Fort  House"  or  "King's  House,"  which  was  constantly  occupied  by 
British  forces  during  the  French  and  Indian  wars  and  was  a  refuge 
from  Indians  until  Fort  Rayston  (later  named  Fort  Bedford)  was 
built  in  1758  by  the  vanguard  of  Forbes*  army.  This  later  became  the 
"Rising  Sun  Hotel." 

The  Bedford  House,  a  stone  structure  now  owned  by  Mrs.  Mary  E. 
Alsip,  was  built  in  1771  by  Rev.  William  Smith,  D.D.,  first  provost 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  The  hand-carved  mantels  and 
Franklin  stoves  are  still  in  place.  Here,  in  1810,  Colonel  Levin  Powell, 
of  Virginia,  died  while  on  a  visit  for  his  health. 

On  the  side  of  the  present  Grand  Central  Hotel  stood  the  Nagel  House, 
where,  in  1777  Dr.  Joseph  Doddridge,  then  a  lad  of  eight  stopped  over 
night  en  route  to  school  in  Maryland  from  his  home  in  Washington 
county.  Here  it  was,  also,  that  Humphrey  Dillon,  proprietor  for  many 
years,  on  Christmas  Day,  1829,  served  his  guests  with  strawberries  and 
cream,  the  fruit  having  been  grown  on  vines  after  the  manner  of  house 
plants. 

Famous  men  have  visited  our  historic  town,  but  the  event  was  the 
visit  of  George  Washington,  in  October,  1794,  during  the  Whiskey  In- 
surrection, when  he  reviewed  the  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey  troops. 
He  was  accompanied  by  Alexander  Hamilton,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury; 
Henry  Knox,  Secretary  of  War;  Judge  Richard  Peters,  of  the  United 
States  District  Court,  and  several  others.  The  President  was  a  guest 


230  Notes  and  Queries. 

at  the  home  of  David  Espy  in  the  building  on  East  Pitt  street,  now 
owned  by  J.  A.  Howry's  heirs  and  which  has  since  been  known  as 
"Washington's  Headquarters." 

BETHLEHEM  STAGE. — The  subscribers  take  this  opportunity  to  inform 
the  Public  that  their  stage  between  Bethlehem  and  Philadelphia,  for 
the  ensuing  season,  will  set  out  from  Bethlehem  on  Monday,  the  second 
day  of  May,  for  the  first  time,  and  so  every  Monday  at  five  o'clock, 
arrive  at  Philadelphia  on  Tuesday  in  the  forenoon,  and  return  every 
Thursday  morning  at  five  o'clock,  from  the  house  of  Mr.  George  Lester, 
at  the  sign  of  the  Spread  Eagle,  in  Third  street,  above  Race  street, 
Philadelphia,  and  arrive  at  Bethlehem  on  Friday  forenoon. 

Frederick  Beutel, 
Adam    Luckenbach. 

N.  B.  The  pay  for  each  passenger  is  fifteen  shillings,  each  passenger 
will  be  allowed  14  Ibs.  baggage,  and  150  Ibs.  weight  of  goods  reckoned 
for  one  passenger.  Letters  at  2c  each,  and  small  packages  in  proportion. 
Way  passengers  4d  per  mile. 

Penna.  Gazette,  April  27, 1191. 

THE  PITTSBUBGH  TEA  PABTY. — From  the  following  documents,  in  the 
Library  of  Congress,  we  gain  some  details  of  the  "Tea  Party,"  at  Pitts- 
burgh, Penna.,  in  1775. 
Gentlemen : 

Mess™  Joseph  Symonds  of  Lancaster  and  John  Campbell  of  Pittsburgh 
Mere*8  have  lately  brought  A  quantity  of  Bohea  Tea  to  Pittsburgh. 
Opened  the  Same  Publickly  and  Sold  in  an  open  Contempt  and  defiance 
of  the  Resolves  of  the  Continental  Congress,  which  we  always  as  a 
Committee  do  declare  Ourselves  to  the  World  to  Maintain  and  Support, 
But  Considering  the  late  dispute  between  the  Colonies  or  those  people 
calling  themselves  Virginians  at  Pittsburgh,  we  could  do  no  more  than 
Burn  the  Tea,  and  as  no  Corporeal  Punishment  was  Inflicted  on  these 
Agressors,  we  Trust  your  Respectable  Body  will  be  of  Opinion  they  are 
Exceeding  Culpable.  Gentlm  We  have  Inclosed  you  three  Depositions 
for  your  Satisfaction,  As  to  your  further  Proceedings  when  Either 
Symonds  or  Campbell  Returns  to  Lancaster  we  do  not  mean  to  Dictate, 
but  we  hope  you  will  Consider  our  hands  a  little  Confined  by  the 
Afforsd  disputes  as  they  are  yet  a  party.  We  are  Informed  that  Gratts 
Merc*  in  Philada  as  Equally  Concerned  with  them  in  the  Tea. 
1st  Septr  1775  at  Signed  by  Order  of  the  County  Com. 

Hanna's  Town.  For  the  County  -of  Westmoreland. 

W.  Lochry,  C'rman. 

Joseph  Beeler. 

James  Kinkead,  Clk. 
Westmoreland  County: 

Personally  appeared  before  me  the  Subscriber  one  of  his  Majesties 
Justices  of  the  peace  for  said  County  &c.  Captn  Samuel  Miller  Captn 
John  Shields  and  Joshua  Archer  who  being  duly  Sworn  deposeth  and 
Sayeth  that  they  in  Company  with  twenty  others  left  Hanna's  Town 
on  the  24th  Ags*  past  and  went  to  Pittsburgh  Tarried  all  Night, 
Insisted  hard  to  have  some  Tea  delivered  up  that  these  Deponents 
Understood  was  then  in  the  Store  of  Mess™  Joseph  Symonds  of  Lan- 
caster and  John  Campbell  of  Pittsburgh,  which  Tea  they  had  Sold  to 
Sundry  Persons  a  few  days  before  as  they  were  Informed  About  9 
o'Clock  the  25th  Agst  the  Committee  of  Pittsburgh  Called  John  Campbell 
to  an  Account  (these  Deponents  present)  said  Campbell  Confessed  to 
his  Receiving  a  Quantity  of  Tea,  and  Delivered  the  same  to  the  Com- 
pany present  (that  is  the  part  Unsold)  which  was  2  Gags  about  10 


Notes  and  Queries.  231 

Gallons  Each  1  Box  18  or  20  Inches  in  length  and  Breadth  and  10  or 

12  Inches  Deep  and  Some  in  a  piece  of  Canvas  which  was  Burned  at 

the  Liberty  pole  at  Pittsbugh.  And  further  these  Deponents  Sayeth  Not. 
Sworn  and  Subscribed  Samuel  Miller, 

Before  Me  John  Shields, 

W.  Lochry.  Jo"  Archer. 

Sepf  ye  1st  1775. 

TRIBULATIONS  OF  PHILADELPHIA  MERCHANTS  IN  1779. — 

Phila.  Aug.  24,  1779. 
Mr.  Francis  Oberlin, 
Merchant  at  Bethlehem, 

Dear  Sir. 

The  blind  way  of  trade  puts  me  at  a  stand.  I  cannot  purchase  any 
Coffee  without  taking  to  one  bill  a  tierce  of  Claret  &  sour,  &  at  £6.8.  per 
gall.  Sugar  I  may  purchase  at  about  the  limited  price,  &  that  is  the 
only  article  that  can  be  bought.  I  have  been  trying  day  for  day,  & 
never  could  get  a  grain  of  Coffee  so  as  to  sell  it  at  the  limited  price 
these  six  weeks.  It  may  be  bought,  but  at  about  25/  per  Ib.  Then  it 
is  very  dangerous  to  get  it  out  of  town;  for  the  least  triple  you  must 
produce  your  bill,  &  swear  that  you  have  given  no  more,  &  made  no 
presents,  neither  that  you  intend  to  make  any  presents  after  you  have  a 
certificate  or  permit.  Some  time  ago  I  might  have  sent  wagons  out  of 
town,  &  never  have  been  stopped,  but  that  time  is  over.  Should  you 
want  sugars,  I  will  buy  for  you,  but  I  think  you'd  better  wait  till 
this  d — d  Committee  is  broke.  It  cannot  last  long,  for  we  must  all 
very  soon  shut  up  stores  &  starve. 

I  remain  Dr.  S'ir 

Your  humble  Servt. 

J.  Peters  Jr. 

CURRANT  WINE. — The  number  of  gallons  of  Currant  Wine  made  in  the 
town  of  Bethlehem,  Penna.,  between  the  years  1755-1761,  is  a  matter 
of  record. 

1755,  90  galls.;  1156,  240  galls.;  ^757,  300  galls.;  1758,  400  galls.; 
1759,  460  galls.;  1760,  476  galls.;  17 61,  624  galls. 

PRICE  OF  FEMALE  NEGRO  SLAVES  IN  PENNSYLVANIA,  1757-1761. 
1757,  Aug.  15.     Cash  paid  Samuel  Green  for  a  Mulatto  woman  . .  £50. 
1761.  Cash   paid  Juliana   Pearce   for   a  Negro  woman  Mary  and 

her  child  Downy  £50. 

AN  OLD  FATHOM  OF  WAMPUM. — While  Zinzendorf  was  in  Pennsylvania, 
in  August  2,  1742,  he  visited  Conrad  Weisser  at  his  home  in  Heidelberg 
[now  in  Berks  county],  where  he  unexpectedly  met  the  heads  and 
deputies  of  the  Five  Nations  on  their  return  from  a  conference  with 
Gov.  George  Thomas  in  Philadelphia.  With  these  the  Count  ratified 
a  covenant  of  friendship  in  behalf  of  the  Moravians  as  their  repre- 
sentative, stipulating  for  permission  for  their  missionaries  to  pass  to 
and  from,  and  sojourn  within  the  domains  of  the  Confederation,  not  as 
strangers  but  as  friends.  The  meeting  was  conducte'd  with  all  the 
etiquette  and  magniloquence  of  Indian  diplomacy,  and  finally  a  string 
of  wampum  was  handed  to  the  Count  by  the  Indians,  to  impress  him 
with  the  sincerity  of  their  decision,  and  for  preservation  as  a  perpetual 
token  of  the  amicable  relations  just  established.  This  string  of 
wampum  was  carefully  preserved  for  use  of  the  Moravians  in  their 
subsequent  dealings  with  the  Five  Nations.  On  Zinzendorf's  return  to 
Europe,  he  handed  it  over  to  Bishop  A.  G.  Spangenberg,  who  for  many 


232  Notes  and  Queries. 

years  superintended  the  Moravian  churches  and  missions  in  America, 
who  gave  the  following  receipt: 

"This  is  to  certify  that  His  Reverence  and  Grace  the  Count  and  Lord 
Ludwig  von  Zinzendorf  has  entrusted  to  me  the  token  of  a  covenant 
ratified  between  him  and  the  Five  Nations  or  Iroquois  (which  kind 
of  token  the  Indians  call  fathom  or  belt  of  wampum),  consisting  of  186 
beads, — given  him  by  said  Iroquois  on  the  3d  day  of  August,  1742,  on 
his  return  from  the  Indian  country — this,  I  say,  is  to  certify  that  he  has 
entrusted  it  personally,  and  in  the  presence  of  sundry  eye-witnesses, 
to  my  safe  keeping  and  for  judicious  use;  which  I  desire  hereby  to 
testify  by  my  own  name  in  writing,  with  the  promise  not  to  give  it 
into  other  hands,  unless  otherwise  ordered. 

"Written  in  Lambs'  Inn  (Broad  Oaks),  County  of  Essex,  England, 
March  10,  1743. 

"Augustus  G.  Spangenberg, 

"Episcopus." 

WOUNDED  PENNSYLVANIA  SOLDIER  AT  LITITZ  HOSPITAL,  1778. — 
Attached  to  the  certificate  of  Dr.  Bodo  Otto  is  the  following:  "The 
Clerk  of  the  Orphans  Court  and  County  Treasurer  will  please  Certify 
if  he  Rec'd  pension  agreeable  to  Acts  of  Sept  18th  1777  and  April  1782. 
John  Nicholsons" — 

"I  Do  Certify  that  George  Telson  a  privat  Soldier  in  Capt  Willson 
Comp  First  Pennsylvania  Regt.  was  sent  the  twenty  Eight  Day  of 
August  1778  from  the  Hospital  at  Lititz  to  the  Hospital  at  the  Yellow 
Spring  under  My  Care  he  having  a  Wound  in  his  Left  Leg  and  By 
Examinant  the  wound  I  found  that  it  would  Requier  a  Long  time  before 
it  Cold  Be  Heled  if  Ever,  and  he  Having  Friend  in  the  Nabor  Hood  He 
Beged  for  a  forlo  which  was  Granted  and  Returned  some  time  after- 
wards beged  for  a  nother  Forlo  wich  was  Granted  and  in  the 
meantime  the  Hospital  Broke  up  in  Sepr  1781. 

"Given  Under  My  Hand  in  Reading  the  15th  Day  of  October  1785. 

Bodo  Otto, 

Late  Senior  Surg.  ant  Phys. 
M.  Department." 

EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  "MEM™  BOOK  CoMMee  OF  SAFETY  1776  COMMITTEE 
&  COUNCIL  OF  SAFETY,"  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. — 

1116,  Febry  9th.  Mr.  Jno.  Ross  begs  leave  to  resign  his  office  of 
Muster  Master,  being  obliged  to  go  to  New  Orleans  on  busines  of 
importance. 

Feby  16.    Where  is  Mr.  Rittenhouse? 

Feby  17.  Delivered  an  order  for  Dr.  Bass  to  deliver  to  Dr.  Rush, 
for  what  medicines  he  may  want. 

To  inquire  whether  the  Channel  opposite  Marcus  Hook  has  been 
sufficiently  sounded. 

Inquire  whether  Mr.  Zansinger  is  buying  up  all  the  arms  he  can 
procure  and  selling  them  out  again,  by  which  the  price  of  firearms  is 
greatly  enhansed. 

To  inquire  after  Mr.  Bidwell  who  proposed  refining  Sulphur. 

Congress  replaces  the  arms  lent  them  by  this  Board. 

Consider  the  propriety  of  appointing  Mr.  C.  Biddle  &  Mr.  Doz  to 
assist  Mr.  Rittenhouse  in  gun-lock  making. 

A  nurse  to  the  Hospital  of  the  boats  wanted. 

Dr.  Wynkoop,  who  is  recommended  by  the  Surgeons,  declines  to  serve. 

Curtis  Grubb  to  be  second  in  command  in  our  Navy. 

To  convert  Reed's  house  on  Fort  Island  into  Barracks. 

Gen.  Lee  to  be  requested  to  attend  the  Committee  to  view  Fort 
Island. 


Notes  and  Queries.  233 

To  consider  the  appointment  of  a  person  to  purchase  arms  in  the 
back  parts  of  the  Province. 

William  Henry  will  contract  for  rifles. 

Bids  for  Hospital  on  Fort  Island. 

A  General  Magazine  of  Stores  &c.,  to  be  established  at  some  distance 
from  this  City. 

Mr.  Wynkoop  reports  that  there  is  no  pork  to  be  had  in  Bucks  county, 
but  Bacon  may  be  got. 

June  14.    Dr.  Rush  to  get  six  sets  of  Amputating  instruments  made. 

June  18.  Employment  of  troops  or  hired  labourers  for  the  works  to 
be  laid  out  at  Billingsport. 

Aug.  1.  Jacob  Brandt,  canteen  maker,  lives  in  Vine  street  next  door 
below  Footman's  Vendue  Store. 

Aug.  10.  Dr.  McHenry  applies  for  amputating  &  trepaning  instru- 
ments &  needles. 

Nov.  6.  If  the  troops  actually  are  coming,  the  Tories  houses  should 
be  vacated  for  our  troops — Bells  removed — Records  moved — Tories 
seized,  orders  to  Militia  to  do  it — State  prisoners  to  be  removed — live 
stock  to  be  driven  off — wagons  to  be  immediately  procured  to  transport 
our  stores,  press  them. 

Nov.  29.    Mount  howitzers. 

Mr.  Ludwig  recommends  a  pound  of  flour  per  week  per  man  to  be 
allowed  the  Army. 

Jf777,  Jany  4>  Sent  forward  to  Gen.  Cadwalader:  125  pair  of  stock- 
ings; 55  doz.  &  10  prs  Mittens,  441  pairs  Shoes,  &  7  Caps  for  Capt 
Morris's  L.  Horse. 

ONE  OF  THE  "DISAFFECTED"  OF  1778. — 
May  it  please  Your  Excellency. 

I  beg  leave  to  inform  you  that  a  certain  Derrick  Fannistock  has 
never  taken,  nay  has  absolutely  refused  to  take  the  Oath  of  Allegience, 
and  by  common  report  is  deemed  unfriendly  to  the  present  Measures 
adopted  by  America.  His  influence  amongst  the  ignorant  People  in 
these  parts,  especially  the  Dutch,  is  very  considerable,  which  renders 
him  a  more  worthy  object  of  publick  notice.  Moreover,  I  understand 
he  has  been  frequently  pursued  by  Guards  sent  from  Lancaster  at 
different  times  to  apprehend  him,  but  he  always  found  means  to  make 
his  escape.  Upon  finding  how  he  was  situated  &  fearing  to  be  put 
under  guard,  sent  to  me,  requesting  I  would  take  security  for  his 
appearance  when  called  upon  to  answer  the  accusation  alleged  against. 
I  thought  proper  to  take  security  which  I  have  sent  enclosed. 

Dr  Sir 

I  am  your  Excellencys 
Most  Obed*  S'erv* 

Albert  Chapman 

ComnV"  at  Ephrata. 
Ephrata  April  1,  1778. 

LETTERS  OF  WILLIAM  PENN,  WRITTEN  IN  PHILADELPHIA,  1683. — 
My  Worthy  Friend 

It  is  some  time  since  y*  I  gave  Thee  the  trouble  of  .a  Large  Letter 
&  by  one  of  my  Agents  do  hear  y*  it  Came  to  hand  upon  yc  coming  out 
of  ye  Last  ship  y*  arrived  us  I  hope  ye  next  will  be  ye  Messenger  of  some 
accompt  from  ye  Court  about  N.  York  A  ship  I  hear  to  day  is  Come 
from  Holland  cleared  at  Dover  to  N:  Yorke  that  tell  ym  ye  Govern'  was 
at  Sea  a  week  before  he  past  y*  Port  yett  nothing  is  heard  of  him  I 
wish  you  have  pleased  ye  People  of  ye  Place  he  has  no  easy  game  to 
play  y*  Comes  after  Sr  Ed.  Andros  for  tho  he  was  not  without  objection 
he  certainly  did  great  things  more  than  both  his  predecessors  and  if  I 


234  Notes  and  Queries. 

had  a  Place  worthy  of  his  Care  I  would  give  him  tenn  thousand  Acres 
of  Land  &  ye  Comand  of  ye  Three  Countys  and  use  him  always  as  my 
Frd  tho  Ld*  Baltimore  says  publickly  ye  is  both  Knave  and  Coward  and 
neither  of  them  are  fitt  to  govern  but  he  is  free  with  more  then  one 
man  my  affairs  wth  him  is  not  Ended  indeed  begun  he  not  only  slights 
yc  Kings  Letter  about  my  bounds  but  claims  ye  Three  Lower  Counties 
on  Delaware  I  have  sent  ye  Bearer  my  Kinsman  &  Deputy  in  ye 
Governm*  before  my  Arrivall  (an  Ingenious  Person)  to  complain  of 
his  behavior  I  doe  most  Earnestly  begg  thy  favr  &  Councill  to  him  &  an 
Easy  access  to  yc  Duke  for  him  I  think  I  goe  upon  a  bottom  y*  will 
Support  my  pretentions  he  has  order  to  prsent  the  with  a  poor  token  of 
or  Grouth  for  which  I  ought  to  pray  excuse  but  Thou  Knowst  ye  ancients 
vallued  their  offerings  by  ye  hearts  that  made  ym  I  Add  no  more  but 
my  Sinceer  respects  wh  pray  give  ye  Old  Collonell  (my  fathers  friend) 
&  permitt  me  to  Continue  in  ye  Character  of 
Thy  very  reall  Friend 

W.  P. 

Philad:  30th 
5mo  July 
1683. 

Pray  give  my  Salutes  to  Sr  Ed:  Andrews  I  reced  yor  by  my  Agent. 
Kind  ffreind 

I  was  not  willing  to  lett  the  Bearer  Wm  Lloyd  goe  without  a  Letter 
directed  to  my  Freind  West  for  though  I  am  a  man  of  noe  Cerimony, 
I  Vallue  my  Selfe  a  little  upon  Sence  and  Gratitude.  I  had  a  verry 
Civill  Letter  from  ye  which  Adds  to  my  Obligations,  but  having  to  doe 
wth  a  man  neither  Cruell  nor  Indigent,  I  hope  he  will  trust  tell  I  am 
able  to  pay;  and  to  doe  this  noe  Occation  shall  Slipp  me  and  Indeed  I 
had  not  bin  soe  Long  Silent,  If  my  own  Expectations  of  Seeing  Yorke 
had  not  by  your  Govern* s  delay  bin  frustrated.  Pray  lett  me  have  ye 
Continuance  of  thy  friendship,  &  give  me  Reason  to  believe  in  by 
favouring  my  Commissioners  wth  ye  Mawhawks  &  Sinnicar  Indians 
about  some  backe  Lands  on  ye  Susquehanash  River  there  may  be  many 
ye  better  tell  there  tayle,  but  none  more  Sincerely  &  affectionatly 
esteems  ye  yn  thy  Verry 

True  Friend 

W.  P. 

Philadelphia 
3d  5  M°  Aug 
1683. 

I  Consigne  all  my  Sallutes  to  ye  pray  give  ym  Among  my  ffreinds. 

COMMISSIONS  AND  LETTERS  OF  AN  OFFICER  OF  THE  REVOLUTION,  FOUND 
IN  AN  OLD  CHEST — 

[There  was  recently  purchased  at  auction  in  this  city,  a  substantial 
wooden  chest,  not  because  of  its  apparent  age  but  for  family  use.  While 
some  of  the  more  curious  of  the  young  folk  were  examining  its  interior, 
to  their  surprise  a  false  bottom  was  discovered,  and  in  it  three  com- 
missions made  out  in  the  name  of  Captain  William  Steel,  of  the  Lan- 
caster county  Associators,  two  of  them  signed  by  John  Morton,  and  one 
by  Benjamin  Franklin,  and  a  half  dozen  letters  written  by  the  captain 
to  his  wife  from  Port  Pitt,  Philadelphia,  Trenton  Barracks,  Amboy  and 
Long  Island,  and  other  papers,  which  have  been  added  to  the  Manu- 
script Division  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

Captain  Steel's  "Dear  Betsey,"  was  a  daughter  of  Robert  and  Mar- 
garet Bailey,  of  Sadsbury  township,  Lancaster  county,  and  sister  to 
Francis  and  Jacob  Bailey,  well-known  printers  and  publishers  of  Lan- 
caster and  Philadelphia. 

Two  of  the  letters  have  been  selected  for  publication;  one  written  in 


Notes  and  Queries.  235 

Philadelphia,  from  which  we  learn  that  the  Lancaster  county  Battalion 
had  reached  the  city  and  was  about  to  embark  on  shallops  for  Trenton, 
en  route  to  the  camp  at  Amboy,  and  the  other,  the  day  before  the 
battle  of  Long  Island. — ED.  PENNA.  MAG.] 

Philadelphia  July  30th  1776 
My  dear  and  loving  Companion 

I  wrote  to  you  the  other  day  But  it  rejoices  me  to  have  this  oportunity 
to  write  to  you  this  evening  tide  or  the  morning  tide  we  set  sail  for 
Trenton  and  from  that  to  Amboy  at  headquarters  the  people  are  flock- 
ing in  here  like  bees  My  brother  Thompson  is  on  his  march  down  with 
his  company  I  thought  to  have  seem  my  brother  Francis  but  I  do  not 
expect  it  now  as  I  must  set  sail  in  a  short  time  Our  men  is  all  in  good 
spirits  and  willing  to  die  with  us  There  will  be  at  Amboy  an  army  of 
ten  or  twelve  thousand  and  at  New  York  not  less  than  fifty  thousand 
but  I  don't  expect  to  fire  tho  we  can  speak  to  the  [torn]  shake  hands 
My  dear  wife  rejoice  that  you  have  your  dear  father  and  mother  to 
live  with  there  is  many  men  here  left  their  Wives  in  a  poor  situation 
and  must  go  on  there  is  no  help  for  them  Dear  wife  I  thought  you 
would  not  miss  any  good  oportunity  to  write  to  an  absent  friend  to  let 
me  know  how  you  and  my  little  son  is  in  particular  and  all  the  rest 
of  the  family  Mr  Herd  told  me  he  was  at  fathers  the  day  he  came 
off  to  town  I  would  not  forget  you  so  soon,  but  I  ascribe  it  to  your 
grief  y*  you  aint  in  a  capacity  to  write  or  else  you  would  not  have 
neglected  me  My  dear  let  the  fear  of  God  be  always  before  your  eyes, 
pray  to  him  for  supporting  grace  and  his  kind  protection  over  you 
that  both  may  enjoy  peace  and  tranquility  until  I  see  you  both  which 
will  be  [torn]  father  and  mother  sisters  and  brother  and  all  enquiring 
friends  The  next  will  be  from  camp — this  from  your  loving  husband 

W.  Steel. 

Long  island  three  miles  from 
New  York  Aug  26th  1776. 
Dear  Betsey, 

My  landlady  dont  take  good  care  of  my  Bed  I  have  not  had  one  good 
sleep  since  I  left  you  to  have  it  regularly  made  the  bed  straw  is  very 
long  I  commonly  give  it  a  shake  myself  and  down  I  lie,  you  may  guess 
what  my  thoughts  are  But  as  time  is  fast  hasting  about  I  make  my- 
self more  easy  My  dear  Betsey,  as  I  now  am  in  a  good  state  of  health 
I  hope  when  this  comes  to  hand  it  will  find  you  and  my  poor  little 
fellow  with  all  the  rest  of  the  family  in  a  Better  if  possible.  My  dear, 
I  would  recomend  it  to  you  to  be  Earnest  at  the  throne  of  grace 
pleading  pardon  and  reconciliation  with  God  who  spard  us  hither  too 
and  plead  y*  he  may  bring  us  together  againe  in  this  world  or  other 
ways  determined  in  the  world  to  come  where  we  will  Enjoy  all  the 
pleasures  our  poor  souls  can  crave. 

My  dear,  I  received  yours  by  Mr.  Blythe  which  inform*  me  it  was  the 
fourth  letter  you  sent  me  it  was  but  the  second  I  received,  it  gave  me 
great  pleasure  to  read  it  but  little  to  what  it  would  aford  to  have  the 
pleasure  to  shake  hands  with  the  author. 

My  dear,  on  the  21st  instant  at  Night  the  Cataracts  of  Heaven  were 
opened  Rains  poured  Lightnings  glard  thunders  roared  through  the 
regions  of  the  arc  three  officers  were  found  dead  in  their  tents  Next 
morning  most  awful  to  behold  the  lightning  melted  one  of  their  swords 
at  the  point  tore  his  coat  and  much  disfigured  his  person  one  other 
was  struck  dumb  one  other  killed,  in  the  town  we  were  all  preserved  by 
the  kind  hand  y*  always  rules  over  us  On  the  twenty  third  we  were 
near  the  regulars  lines  at  the  Flatbush  where  we  began  a  very  heavy 
firieing  on  both  sides  there  was  three  of  our  men  wounded  one  got  a 
canon  ball  thro  his  leg  where  we  lay  there  was  several  of  our  side  tho 


236  Notes  and  Queries. 

of  different  regiments  one  of  which  is  dead  with  a  wound  thro  his 
groin  there  is  some  of  the  Hessians  we  got  and  buried,  the  number 
killed  unknown  of  the  regulars  Our  men  behaved  with  undoubted 
courage  which  gave  me  great  pleasure  they  made  the  regulars  retreat 
from  their  first  post  tho  in  the  mouth  of  their  canon  till  they  Burned 
several  houses  and  barns  and  wheat  stacks  all  under  Captain  Watson 
came  off  and  receivd  no  damage. 

I  hope  in  my  next  to  give  you  more  particular  account  as  the  troops 
are  coming  in  fast  we  must  expect  a  general  attack  which  perhaps 
may  end  this  campaign. 

My  dear  what  to  say  about  shirts  I  dont  know  as  what  I  have  here 
is  spoiled  already  perhaps  what  I  have  may  serve  out  my  time  you 
need  not  send  any  without  you  have  done  it  already 

My  dear  Betsey  I  must  conclude  praying  God  to  protect  you  and  our 
dear  little  son  farewell  my  dear  farewell  till  the  next  which  will  be 
the  9th  letter  I  have  sent  you  this  from  your 

Loving  hu1 

William  Steel. 

To  Miss  Aby  Miss  Kachel  &  Miss  Jenny  my  kind  sisters  I  hope  you 
will  take  special  care  not  to  get  married  to  any  cowardly  fellow  till 
I  return  with  some  of  my  Brave  fellows  which  will  be  before  you 
spoil  with  old  age  there  are  some  of  them  who  would  wish  to  see  you 
very  much  I  flatter  them  to  behave  like  men  and  you  will  be  the  redier 
to  receive  them  I  would  write  to  you  all  separate  but  as  paper  is 
scarce  you  will  excuse  me  and  you  can  hear  every  particular  from  my 
dear  wife's  letter 

P.  S'.  Mrs  Steel  I  hope  you  will  remember  me  to  my  old  parents  in 
general  and  excuse  my  not  writing  to  them  as  its  commonly  hurys  me 
to  write  to  you  let  my  old  mother  Steel  know  I  am  still  her  loving 
son  till  death  whilst  Wm  Steel  you  will  let  them  have  the  particulars 
of  this  and  y*  Joney  is  well  and  Jacob  desires  to  be  remembered  to  you 
all  and  all  enquirers  Capt  Watson  desires  to  be  remembered  to  you. 

SOME  INCIDENTAL  EXPENSES  FOB  THE  YEAR  1772,  OF  THE  PBOVINCE 

OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 
To  Benjamin   Franklin,    Esq.,   Agent   for   the   Province   in 

London,  his  salary  for  the  present  year £500.  0.  0 

"     William  Allen,  Esq.,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Province 200.  0.  0 

"    John  Lawrence,  Esq.,  Judge  of  Supreme  Court 150.  0.  0 

"     Thomas  Willing,  Esq.,           do              do             150.  0.  0 

"     Andrew  Allen,  Esq.,  Attorney  General 75.  0.  0 

"     Joseph  Fox,  Esq.,  services  on  Committee  of  Accounts  . .  11.  0.  0 

"     Samuel  Shoemaker,  Esq.,                  do                     do  1.10.  0 

"     Samuel  Rhoads,  Esq.,                      do                    do  10.  0.  0 

"    Michael  H'illegas,  Esq.,                    do                    do  II.  0.  0 

"     Abel  James,  Esq.,                             do                    do  10.  0.  0 

"    Isaac  Pearson                                    do                    do  9.10.  0 
"     Mr.  Charles  Moore,  Clerk  of  the  Assembly,  and  for  "j 

transcribing   and   engrossing   Laws,   Votes   of    As-   V  255.  0.  6 

sembly,  Messages,  &c ) 

"    Joseph  Shippin,  Esq.,  salary  as  Clerk  of  Council 30.  0.  0 

"                 do              for     Warrants,     Certificate,     Procla-  \  15  18  10* 

mation  &  Stationary  for  Governor  &  Council   j 

"     Joseph  Fox,  Esq.,  salary  as  Barrack  Master 60.  0.  0 

"     Wm  Bowsman                                          do             Lancaster.  20.  0.  0 

"     Mr.  Abel  Evans         "        Assistant  Clerk  15.  0.  0 

"     Benj.  Lightfoot,  viewing  the  waters  of  Susquehanna  & 

Schuylkill    28.  7.  5 

"     John    Sellers,    viewing   the    waters    of    Susquehanna    & 

Schuylkill    20.12.10 


Notes  and  Queries.  237 

To  Charles  Rhoads,  viewing  the  waters  of  S'usquehanna  & 

Schuylkill    £18.  8.  4 

David  Rittenhouse,  making  instruments  for  use  of  above  15.15.  0 
do                    &  Sam1  Rhonds,  attendance  6  days 

with    Committee    3.  0.  0 

"     Edward  Duffield,  for  care  State  House  clock 23.  3.  0 

"     Hall  &  Sellers,  printing  Laws  233.10.  6 

"     Henry  Miller,  printing  Votes    69.14.  0 

"     Robt.*  Erwin,  hauling  dirt  into  State  House  yard 7.  4.  4 

"     Lawrence  Shiney,           do                     do                     0.17.  4 

"     Robt.  Ei-win,  20  cords  Hickory  Wood  for  Assembly  ....  30.  0.  0 

"     Andrew  McNair,  Doorkeeper  to  House,  80  days  4/pr  d.  .  16.  0.  0 

do                disbursements  for  Indians  18.  7.  4 

do               cleaning  State  House   8.  0.  9 

"     Wm  Shed,  Sergeant  at  Arms   10.  0.  0 

"         do            Doorkeeper  to  the  Council 4.15.  0 

"     Michael  Coon,  Sawing  Wood  at  State  House 3.  0.  0 

"    William  Parr,  Recording  sundry  Laws  25.  5.  6 

"    Henry  William  Stiegel,  a  Gratuity  for  his  Flint  Glass  \  1KA   n   A 

manufacture    [  &U.  U.  0 

"    Overseers  of  the  Poor,  for  support  of  French  Neutrals . .  100.  0.  0 

CUTTINGS  FROM  THE  Gazette  of  the  United  States,  of  Friday  evening, 
September  12,  1800. 

ROBBERY. 

300  DOLLARS  REWARD. 

Last  Saturday  night  my  shop  in  Water  street  was  opened  by  a  false 
key,  and  sundry  articles  of  jewelry,  to  the  amount  of  ten  or  twelve 
hundred  dollars,  were  carried  off.  Among  them  were, 

Two  marrow  spoons  marked  "Worrock;"  likenesses  of  Mr.  James 
Robertson  and  wife,  of  Petersburg;  one  do.  of  a  Mr.  King;  one  do. 
of  Mr.  John  Trimble,  late  of  this  town,  the  back  set  with  a  large  blue 
glass  and  a  smaller  in  the  centre,  under  which  was  a  plait  of  hair  laid 
straight,  with  J.  T.  in  a  cypher  worked  in  pearl.  Together  with  a 
number  of  fancy  pieces,  painted  by  Sully,  which  cannot  now  be  re- 
collected; 5  boatswain's  calls  stamped  "Warrock." 

AND 

THE  FOLLOWING  WATCHES: 

Gold  watch,  maker's  name  Provau,  Paris. 

Silver  do.    Thomas  Green,  Liverpool,  7703. 

do.  do.    George  Bifield,  London,  13,500. 

Gold  do.    French,  no  name. 

do.  do.    John  Ryland,  London,  2331. 

Silver  do.    French,  no  name. 

do.  do.    John  Bull,  London,  744. 

Gold  do.    Rodart,  Paris. 

Silver  do.    Joseph  Kember  Shaw. 

do.  do.    J.  Darlington,  London. 

do.  do.    No.  9861. 

Gilt  do.     G.  M.  Metcalf,  London,  4196. 
1  Silver  do.    George  Haswood,  London,  2906. 
1  do.  do.    J.  Smith,  London,  212. 

1  Double  case  gilt  watch,  R.  Osburn,  Richmond,  8764. 
100  dollars  will  be  given  for  the  restoration  of  the  jewelry,  or  200 
dollars  if  the  thief  or  thieves  are  also  secured. 

Mr.  Benjamin  Morris,  the  owner  of  the  watches  which  were  taken 
at  the  same  time,  will  also  give  100  dollars  for  them. 
July  29. 


238  Notes  and  Queries. 

Arrived  the  ship  Chesapeake,  Tombs,  38  days  from  London. 

Passengers  in  the  Chesapeake:  John  M.  Forbes,  merchant  of  this  city; 
Col.  John  A.  Graham,  of  Rutland,  Vermont;  Mrs.  Graham  and  son,  and 
Miss  Johnston. 


THE  GRAND  QUESTION  STATED. 

At  the  present  solemn  and  momentous  epoch,  the  only  question  to 
be  asked  by  every  American,  laying  his  hand  on  his  heart  is,  "shall  I 
continue  in  allegiance  to 

GOD— AND  A  RELIGIOUS  PRESIDENT; 

Or  impiously  declare  for 
JEFFERSON— AND  NO  GOD! ! ! 


THE  FRENCHMAN 

Who  refused  to  give  up  a  stolen  pointer  dog  when  demanded  of  him 
on  Wednesday  morning  last  about  seven  o'clock,  by  the  servant  of  the 
owner,  at  the  corner  of  Arch  and  Sixth  streets,  is  desired  to  send  him 
to  the  office  of  this  Gazette,  or  diligent  search  will  be  made  after  him, 
and  he  will  be  prosecuted  as  the  thief.  The  dog  is  white,  excepting  a 
yellow  spot  on  his  back,  one  yellow  ear,  and  two  or  three  yellow  spots 
on  his  forehead — the  other  ear  is  speckled.  He  is  very  poor  and  hip 
shot.  A  handsome  reward  will  be  given  for  the  dog,  and  five  dollars 
on  conviction  of  the  thief.  The  Frenchman  is  a  tall  thin  man,  of  a 
complexion  very  dark,  and  dressed  in  black  clothes  (excepting  a  striped 
blue  and  white  gingham  coatee) .  He  was  seen  with  the  dog  in  company 
with  a  short  fat  man,  in  Race  near  Seventh  street,  on  Sunday  afternoon 
last. 


HIGH  STREET. 

THE  HOUSE 

Lately  occupied  by  the  Chevalier  D'Yrujo,  Spanish  Ambassador,  will 
be  let  out  to  an  approved  person  or  family,  on  easy  conditions.     It  is 
large,  commodious  and  elegant,  with  coach-house  and  stables  comfortable. 
Enquire  at  No.  100  Spruce  street. 

SAMUEL  MAGAW, 
Arch  street,  No.  94. 


TO  BE  SOLD 

AT  PUBLIC   SALE 

On  Fifth  Day  the  9th  of  October,  on  the  premises,  The 
MARY-ANN  FORGE 

AND  PLANTATION. 

Situate  part  in  Brandywine  township,  and  part  in  Uchland  about 
30  miles  from  Philadelphia,  and  one  and  a  half  miles  from  the  Turn- 
pike road,  and  Downing's  town;  containing  about  330  acres,  with  al- 
lowance of  6  acres  per  100;  two  thirds  of  the  land  is  good  woodland, 
some  excellent  meadow  made,  and  much  more  can  be  made  of  the  first 
quality;  the  forge  is  turned  by  the  main  branch  of  Brandywine  Creek, 
a  forcible  stream,  the  forge  has  three  fires  and  two  hammers  all  in  good 
repair.  The  dam  being  found  and  well  backed,  and  apparently  able  to 
resist  any  fresh  ( not  supernatural ) .  Likewise  there  is  another  lively 
stream  and  current  of  water,  that  empties  into  the  said  dam,  that 
might  be  very  convenient  for  a  grist  mill,  or  other  kind  of  water  works, 
might  be  with  facility  erected;  there  is  a  good  two-story  stone  dwelling- 


Notes  and  Queries.  239 

house  for  the  accommodation  of  the  proprietor  of  the  works,  with  an 
excellent  spring  and  good  house  over  it;  contiguous  to  the  door;  also 
convenient  stone  stabling,  with  an  entry  through  the  middle  sufficient 
to  accommodate  three  teams,  besides  hackney  horses;  contiguous  to  the 
forge  stands  a  good  stone  office,  and  a  number  of  convenient  houses 
for  the  workmen  is  erected,  amply  adequate  for  the  said  works.  If  not 
then  sold  it  will  be  rented  for  a  term  of  years.  Terms  and  conditions 
made  known  by  applying  to 

WILLIAM  EVANS,  in  Willistown, 
or  JOHN  MARSHALL,  in  Thornbury  Township. 
N.  B.  The  Sale  to  commence  at  1  o'clock  on  said  day. 
Aug.  5 

125  GERMAN  REDEMPTIONERS. 

Among  which  are  farmers,  gardners,  sadlers,  instrument  makers,  gold 
and  silver  smiths,  linen  weavers,  joiners,  potters,  masons,  taylors,  tan- 
ners, shoemakers,  printers,  hatters,  bakers,  painters,  soap  boilers,  bell 
founders,  etc.,  etc.,  whose  times  are  to  be  disposed  of. 

Apply  on  board  the  Hamburg  ship  Anna,  capt.  John  Jurgens,  laying 
in  the  Stream  abreast  of  Vine  street,  or  to 

JACOB  SPERRY  &  CO. 

LETTEB  TO  RICHARD  HOCKLEY  FBOM  RICHARD  PETERS,  1753. — 
Sir. 

Andrew  Montour  is  come  down  to  know  if  the  Governor  has  any 
Commands  to  Onondago  where  he  is  going  at  the  Instance  of  the 
Government  of  Virginia.  He  has  been  arrested  for  fifty  Pounds  and 
indeed  I  would  have  suffered  him  to  have  gone  to  Jayl  for  he  is  an 
expensive  man  having  a  Wife  who  takes  up  Goods  at  any  rate  and  to 
any  value,  but  as  he  is  going  to  Onondago  in  a  publick  Character,  and 
is  lately  chosen  a  Member  of  the  Onondago  Council  for  the  Ohio 
Indians  it  may  be  dangerous  to  the  Publick  to  suffer  him  to  be  im- 
prisoned. I  have  therefore  taken  measures  with  John  Harris  to  give 
his  Promisory  Note  for  the  Debt  payable  in  three  months  and  in  the 
mean  time  to  get  what  he  can  from  Andrew  and  I  have  given  him  an 
indemnity. 

Andrew  has  not  money  to  bear  his  Expences  so  please  to  pay  him 
Six  Pounds  and  let  this  be  your  Voucher  for  that  sum  as  well  as  a 
Certificate  of  the  reasons  why  I  have  indemnified  Mr.  Harris  which 
I  hope  the  Proprietaries  will  not  take  amiss  nor  suffer  me  to  pay  it 
or  any  part  of  it  in  case  I  should  be  called  upon.  I  am 

Sir 

Your  humble  Serv* 

Richard  Peters. 
Feby  6th  1753. 

Andrew  reced  the  money  at  Mr  Levers  &  I  reced  it  from  Mr.  Hockley 
1"  March  1753. 

Richard  Peters. 
£6-0-0 

LETTER  OF  WILLIAM  ALLEN  TO  Gov.  R.  H.  MORRIS,  1775. — 
Sir. 

Mr.  Hamilton  and  two  of  the  Committee  left  the  Town  this  Morning 
in  their  way  to  the  Minissinks  to  which  place  they  intend  first  to  go 
to  settle  some  order  among  the  people  who  are  in  the  Greatest  Con- 
fusion, Since  which  the  inclosed  is  come  to  hand  from  Mr.  Parsons, 
who  in  lively  Colours  describes  the  Distress  of  the  Inhabitants.  A 
strange  and  most  unaccountable  panick  has  seized  our  Inhabitants 
which  has  been  much  increased  by  some  Villains  setting  Barns  & 


240  Notes  and  Queries. 

Haystacks  on  fire  within  twenty  &  thirty  miles  of  the  Town,  the 
light  of  which  in  the  Night  spreads  a  Terror  among  the  people  suppos- 
ing that  the  Indians  are  coming  down  among  them.  I  cannot  think 
but  it  must  be  the  Act  of  some  profligate  Wretches  with  a  View  to 
make  the  people  quit  their  habitations  &  give  them  an  opportunity  of 
plundering. 

Upon  the  whole  there  is  the  utmost  Confusion,  the  people  are  very 
outrageous,  particularly  the  Dutch,  who  it  is  feared  will  hardly  be 
kept  within  any  Bounds.  I  am  desired  therefore  to  request  your 
Honour  that  you  would  as  soon  as  your  Affairs  will  possibly  permit 
you  be  pleased  to  return  for  they  apprehend  without  your  presence  some 
very  great  Disorders  are  like  to  happen.  The  Indians  after  burning 
Broadheads  barn  and  barracks  retired  from  thence  and  have  scattered 
themselves  into  small  skulking  parties  &  have  been  seen  in  many  parts 
of  the  Country.  I  beg  leave  to  assure  your  Honour  that  I  am 

Your  most 
obedient 
Humble  Serv* 
Philadelp.  Dec'  18.  1755  William  Allen 

LETTER  OF  TIMOTHY  YONGE  TO  EDMUND  PHYSICK  1755. — 
B* 

Yours  of  the  I8t  May  last,  should  most  certainly  have  been  answered 
sooner,  had  I  not  been  obliged  (almost  as  soon  as  I  received  it)  to  set 
out  for  Chester.  But  at  the  same  time  desired  Couzin  White  to 
remember  me  to  you,  which  I  believe  he  did.  I  Heartily  thank  you 
for  your  Tender  Wishes  for  my  Poor  Wifes  recovery,  whom  I  never 
Expect  to  have  in  that  state  of  Health  that  you  or  I  Could  wish  her 
to  be  in.  She  desires  to  be  remembred  to  you,  And  as  you  was  willing, 
to  Know  her  Age,  she  is  now  in  her  Thirtieth  Year,  My  Self  in  my 
Forty  fifth,  and  I  believe  my  Sister  in  her  Forty  Seventh,  and  am 
sorry  to  tell  you  that  she  adds  to  my  Trouble,  by  being  quite  the 
Contrary  from  what  she  might  have  been,  and  Ought  to  be,  Sam1 
Biennan  has  not  lived  with  your  Uncle,  these  many  years,  and  in  my 
Opinion  is  likewise  a  Very  bad  manager,  I  should  not  have  mentioned 
this  unwelcome  part,  But  that  you  desired  to  hear  about  them.  And 
were  it  not  for  my  Couzin  White  I  should  not  have  one  Relation  here 
that  I  Could  have  the  least  Comfort  in.  I  Pray  God  to  keep  you  in 
Health  and  the  same  good  Disposition,  which  must  certainly  add  to 
your  own  Happiness  and  the  Comfort  of  your  sincere  Friends,  of  which 
undoubtedly  your  Uncle  and  Aunt  are  first,  and  I  can  Answer  for 
the  Satisfaction  it  gives.  Your  Affectionate  Kinsman 

and  Humble  Servant 
London  5 th  Feb:  1755 

Tim0  Yonge. 
To  5th  Feb1*  1755 

Mr.  Edmund  Physick 

LETTER  OF  FEED.  JOHN  PABIS  TO  THOMAS  PENN,  1756. — 
Dear  Sir. 

I  return  you  the  [Springett  Penn]  Articles,  in  which  I  have  made 
some  Alteratons,  &  would  have  made  more,  if  I  had  been  certain  that 
you  had  not  already,  agreed  on  these  Terms.  The  Covenants,  on  the 
Clerks  part,  are  comon  &  ordinary;  I  have  named  you,  as  the  paye  of 
the  Apprentice  Fee;  But  the  Covenants,  on  the  Mars  part,  are  a  little 
too  close;  Physic,  Masters  seldom  agree  to  furnish  &  pay  for,  but 
washing,  he  shod  agree  to  allow.  Dos  not  Mr  parham  do  business  as  a 
Sollicitor  also?  If  he  do's,  Then,  at  the  Caret  (in  the  2d  Sheet,  ya  last 
Line  but  one)  shod  be  added,  [&  of  a  Sollicitor,  &  Keeper  of  Courts,  or 
Steward]. 


Notes  and  Queries.  241 

The  12d  a  day,  when  the  young  Gentleman  is  in  London,  is  too  low, 
He  cannot,  with  the  greatest  frugality,  live  for  it;  And  as  he  will,  at 
such  times,  be  particularly  advantagious  to  his  Map,  The  allowance  ought 
to  be  more,  unless  you  agreed  thereto;  But  if  he  will  allow  no  more,  he 
shod  not  keep  him  long  in  Town  (upon  yor  nephews  own  Charges,  in 
great  part).  I  don't  see,  that  ordinary  Business  can  occasion  his  com- 
ing more  than  a  fortnight  at  a  time,  in  the  two  issueable  Terms;  so 
that  he  shod  not  be  kept  in  Town  more  than  30  days,  in  any  one  year. 

But  there  are  two  things  wch  I  don't  find  mentioned  viz.  who  is  to 
pay  the  Kings  Duty,  without  paym*  whereof  his  Aretes  will  be  of  no  use 
to  him. 

And  secondly,  suppose  Master,  or  Clerk,  happen  to  Dye,  soon,  Is  no 
money  to  be  return'd,  in  that  Case?  To  be  sure,  in  case  of  the  Ma™ 
Death  soon,  some  money  ought  to  be  return'd,  For  his  Map  dos  not 
Covenant  to  find  him  Another  Master,  And  so,  there  ought  to  be,  if  the 
Clerk  dyes  soon;  but  there  is  no  particular  exact  Rule,  in  these  Cases, 
these  mres  depending  on  such  Terms  as  are  agreed  upon,  between  the 
Mar  &  Clerk,  before  hand. 

I  wish  I  may  have  made  myself  to  be  understood,  &  am, 

Dear  Sir, 

Your  most  faithful  &  obed*  hble  Serv* 

Church  Row  11  Septp  1756.  Ferd.  John  Paris. 

AN  OPINION  ON  THE  FABMEB'S  LETTEBS. — The  Pennsylvania  Gazette 
of  April  6,  1769,  contains  the  following  extracts  from  a  letter  of  a 
gentleman  in  London,  on  Dickinson's  Fanner's  Letters: — 

"Mr.  Dickinson's  Farmer's  Letters,  have  carried  his  Name  and 
Reputation  all  over  the  British  Dominions;  I  was  a  few  Days  ago  in 
a  large  Company  of  Patriots  and  Advocates  of  Liberty,  where  I  heard 
a  thousand  fine  encomiums  passed  upon  them.  It  is  a  general  Remark 
here,  that  all  the  State  Papers,  such  as  Addresses,  Petitions,  &c. 
which  come  from  America,  are  wrote  in  a  Stile  not  to  be  equalled  in 
any  Part  of  the  British  Dominions.  There  is  a  plain  Reason  for  it; 
Men  will  always  write  well  upon  Subjects  they  feel  thoroughly/' 

LETTEB  OF  MAJOB  J.  H.  T.  COBNISH-BOWDEN,  OF  THE  DUKE  OF  COBN- 
WALL'S  LIGHT  INFANTBY  REGIMENT. — 

In  the  October  number  of  the  PENNA.  MAG.,  vol.  xxxviii,  pp.  504-6, 
we  printed  extracts  from  an  interesting  letter  of  Major  J.  H.  T. 
Cornish-Bowden,  of  the  Duke  of  Cornwall's  Light  Infantry  Regiment, 
requesting  data  to  verify  a  tradition  relative  to  the  addition  of  a  red 
feather  to  the  regimental  badge,  after  the  affair  at  Paoli.  In  reply 
the  Editor  PENNA.  MAG.  stated,  that  in  his  opinion,  no  correspondence 
could  have  taken  place  between  Gen.  Grey  and  Wayne's  men  owing 
to  the  divergment  movements  of  both  divisions  immediately  after  the 
action,  but  it  was  probable,  that  the  American  prisoners  verbably 
threatened  their  captors  to  retaliate  with  the  bayonet  on  the  next 
occasion,  and  this  they  did  two  weeks  later  at  Gennantown,  where  both 
divisions  again  faced  each  other.  The  serious  wounding  of  Major 
Cornish-Bowden,  in  France,  some  months  ago,  interrupted  our  cor- 
respondence but  since  his  removal  to  England,  the  following  letter  has 
been  received: 

Leig-hton  Lodge, 
8th  March  1915. 
Dear  Dr.  Jordan. 

Your  letter  of  February  1st.  has  found  me  at  last,  but  not  until 
after  having  been  out  to  "France  and  back !  I  am  sorry  to  say  that, 
after  six  months,  I  am  still  in  bed  and  without  any  immediate  pros- 
pects of  being  able  to  get  back  to  have  a  second  innings  against  the 
world  enemy. 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 16 


242  Notes  and  Queries. 

Your  copy  of  Lieut. -Colonel  Hubley's  letter  of  the  year  1777  is  most 
interesting  and  valuable.  I  am  only  sorry  that,  until  the  war  is 
over  and  I  can  once  more  have  access  to  my  books  and  papers,  I  am 
prevented  from  either  getting  on  with  my  work  on  regimental  history 
or  of  verifying  my  statements.  I  hope  you  see  how  hard  it  is  to  throw 
overboard  a  belief  of  such  respectable  antiquity  as  that  attached  to 
our  Red  Feathers.  From  the  cronology  that  you  give  it  seems  highly 
improbable  that  communications  could  have  passed  between  the 
combatants.  This  I  freely  grant.  On  the  other  hand,  I  am  sure  that 
you  will  agree  with  me,  that  in  matters  historical  tradition  is  of  great 
value.  My  contention  indeed  goes  somewhat  beyond  tradition,  though 
it  certainly  falls  short  of  authentic  history. 

In  the  first  half  of  the  last  century,  an  official  at  the  War  Office, 
was  commissioned  to  write  the  history  of  certain  regiments.  Among 
others,  he  compiled  that  of  the  46th  Foot,  now  the  2d  Battalion  Duke 
of  Cornwall's  Light  Infantry.  He  seems  evidently  to  have  had  access 
to  official  papers  and  so  far  as  he  goes  he  is  generally  supposed  to  be 
accurate.  He  gives  the  story  of  the  Red  Feathers  practically  as  I 
related  it  to  you.  But  he  wrote  fully  eighty  years  after  the  event,  so 
he  cannot  have  had  it  from  eye  witnesses.  His  work  is  to  a  great 
extent  composed  of  extracts  from  dispatches,  of  official  letters,  reports, 
etc.  One  or  two  of  the  letters  refer  to  the  incidents  in  an  indirect 
manner.  Usually  some  inspecting  General  found  fault  with  the  un- 
authorized tuft  of  red  as  worn  by  the  regiment  and  a  letter  would  be 
received,  to  the  effect  that  in  consideration  of  the  romantic  nature  of 
the  event  related  the  authorities  were  pleased  to  allow  the  distinction 
to  be  continued.  Unfortunately  the  petition  setting  forth  the  "romantic" 
circumstances  has  never  been  kept. 

One  thing  is  certain  and  that  is  that  the  46th  Regiment  have  worn 
a  distinctive  red  mark  in  their  head  gear  ever  since  memory  can  reach. 
Until  Light  Companies  were  abolished  (after  the  Crimean  War)  it  was 
borne  by  the  officers  and  men  of  that  company  only.  I  have  found  a 
letter  authorizing  it  to  be  borne  by  the  whole  unit  in  consideration  of 
its  interesting  origin — details  again  not  stated — on  the  occasion  of  the 
then  reorganization.  In  one  form  and  another  the  badge  has  been 
sanctified  by  a  vast  amount  of  blood.  Cannot  you  see  how  impossible 
it  is  for  us  to  knock  it  down  and  trample  upon  it  because  it  refuses  to 
fit  into  a  cold  historical  niche? 

Yours  sincerely, 

J.  H.  T.  Cornish-Bowden. 

"AGES  OF  WILLIAM  MILLS  CHILDREN." — Extract  from  Proceedings  of 
March  Court,  1708,  of  Prince  George's  county,  Maryland,  at  Upper 
Marlborough,  the  county  seat: 

William  Mills,  was  born  ye  llth  day  of  October,  1695, 
Tabitha  Mills,  was  born  ye  26th  day  of  October  1697, 
Verlinda  Mills,  was  born  ye  7th  day  of  January  1699. 

J.  B.  L. 

LETTER  OF  EZRA  L'HOMMEDIEU  TO  JOHN  TAYLOR,  1781. — 

Philadelphia,  Sept.  26,  1781. 
Dear  Sir. 

We  were  favored  with  your  letter  by  Doctor  Young,  who  leaves  town 
this  morning  (and  will  be  the  bearer  hereof)  having  accomplished  his 
business  to  his  mind,  after  considerable  Delay,  which  could  not  well 
be  avoided.  I  am  sorry  that  it  is  not  in  my  Power  to  give  you  any 
particular  information  of  the  Situation  of  Cornwallis'  Army  in  Vir- 
ginia, as  we  have  received  no  official  accounts  on  the  subject. 

A  letter  was  received  by  the  President  last  evening  from  General 
Washington  dated  the  15th  at  Williamsburg,  the  day  after  his*  arrival, 
giving  no  particulars  of  the  military  operations  in  that  quarter;  except 


Notes  and  Queries.  243 

that  the  English  Squadron  under  Admiral  Graves  were  drove  off  by 
Count  De  Grasse  and  that  he  had  returned  with  Count  De  Barras 
into  the  Bay  with  two  captured  Frigates,  the  Iris  and  Richmond.  The 
Count  De  Grasse  says  in  his  letter  that  he  handled  them  roughly.  By 
the  Accounts  from  New  York  it  may  be  depended  upon  that  the  British 
lost  the  Terrible,  a  seventy  four  &  that  the  London,  a  ship  of  equal 
Tons  is  rendered  unfit  for  service,  and  much  Damage  done  to  others. 
I  forgot  to  mention  that  the  Count  observes  that  the  Damages  he  sus- 
tained by  the  Action  were  not  great. 

This  Action  and  the  joining  of  the  two  French  Fleets  will  prevent 
any  superiority  on  the  part  of  the  British  for  the  Relief  of  Cornwallis, 
the  consequence  of  which  will  be,  that  there  is  every  reason  to  expect 
he  must  sooner  or  later  (altho  he  should  make  an  obstinate  Resistance) 
surrender  to  the  Arms  of  America. 

It  was  evidently  the  intent  of  the  Commander  in  Chief  at  New  York, 
first,  to  beat  the  French  Fleet,  and  then  to  reinforce  Cornwallis  with 
the  Troops  he  had  ready  embarked.  He  was  disappointed,  the  Admiral 
returned  much  disabled.  The  Troops  disimbarked,  and  are  now  mostly 
on  Staten  Island.  What  measures  he  will  take  next  is  uncertain;  some 
suppose  'tis  likely  he  will  endeavor  to  burn  and  destroy  in  New  Jersey, 
and  even  to  make  a  stroke  at  this  City.  There  are  3000  Melitia  of  this 
State  in  Arms  near  the  Town  for  the  Defence  of  New  Jersey  &  this 
State.  Some  late  advantages  have  been  gained  by  Parties  from  Genl. 
Greene's  Army  over  the  Enemy  in  South  Carolina:  Civil  Government 
is  again  established  in  that  State  and  in  the  State  of  Georgia. 

For  further  news  I  must  refer  you  to  the  inclosed  papers.  The 
Treasury  Board  with  the  Chambers  of  Accounts  and  the  other  Boards, 
for  settling  the  Public  Accounts,  have  now  ceased,  and  the  new  arrange- 
ment according  to  the  Plan  of  Mr.  Morris,  the  Superintendant  of 
Finance,  is  adopted.  A  Controller,  a  Treasurer  and  a  Register  are  ap- 
pointed. A  number  of  Auditors  will  be  appointed  as  soon  as  the  busi- 
ness will  require  it,  with  the  necessary  clerks.  I  expect  to  be  at 
Poughkeepsie  within  three  weeks  from  this  time,  where  probably  I  may 
continue  ten  or  twelve  days,  in  which  time  I  shall  be  glad  to  hear  from 
you  if  find  it  convenient  to  write. 

With  respectful  Compliments  to  Mrs.  Taylor,  and  the  young  Miss. 

I  am  Your  very  Huml  Servt. 
John  Taylor,  Esquire.  Ezra  L'Hommedieu. 

DOCUMENTS  BELATING  TO  THE  ESTATE  OF  CAPT.  STEPHEN  CHAMBEBS  OP 

LANCASTEB,  PENNA. — 

I  do  hereby  acknowledge  that  I  have  reed  of  Jasper  Yeates  & 
Robert  Coleman  Executors  of  Stephen  Chambers  Esqr  dec'd  the  follow- 
ing Articles  appraised  in  the  Inventory  at  the  Prices  therein  Set. 

£.  *.  d. 

One  Book  Press   1.  2.  6 

One  Desk  &  Paper  Case 0.12.  6 

One  pair  Silver  Spurs   1.10.  0 

One  Leathern  Paper  Case 0.  2.  0 

2  Pewter  Ink  Stands 1.  2.  6 

Straw  for  Litters  (part  taken  by  Sebastion  Graff)    0.  2.  0 

Desk  in  Dauphin  County  not  appraised  in  Inventory  . .  1.10.  0 

A  pair  of  Saddle  Bogs   0.12.  6 

A  pair  Gold  Scales  &  Weights  0.  3.  9 

£7.  0.  3 

Jno.  Jos.  Henry. 

Received  Novr  12th  1789  from  Robert  Coleman  one  of  the  Executors 
of  Stephen  Chambers  Esquire  deed  by  the  Hands  of  John  Joseph  Henry 


244  Notes  and  Queries. 

the  Sum  of  five  pound,  thirteen  Shillings  and  one  penny  being  one 
third  of  the  Fee  given  to  Council  and  the  one  third  of  the  Expenses  of 
a  Supper  to  the  Jury  in  the  cause  McClure's  Lee  v.  Montgomery. 

Jno.  Montgomery. 

AN  HISTOBIC  FLAG. — The  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  has  recently 
secured  through  the  efforts  of  State  Librarian  Thomas  L.  Montgomery, 
a  valuable  and  interesting  relic  of  the  Revolution,  the  flag  of  the 
Westmoreland  County  Battalion  of  Associators,  made  in  the  year  1775. 
It  is  made  of  red  silk,  in  the  centre  embroidered  in  gold  thread,  is  a 
coiled  rattlesnake  with  head  and  tail  raised,  the  head  pointing  to  the 
Union  Jack  in  the  upper  corner.  Underneath  the  snake  is  the  legend, 
"Don't  Tread  on  Me,"  and  above  the  letters  I.  B.  W.  C.  P.,  the  initials 
of  the  organization.  The  flag  is  in  an  excellent  state  of  preservation. 

CAPT.  JOHN  PAUL  JONES  AT  BETHLEHEM,  PENNA.,  1783. — Among  the 
distinguished  visitors  to  Bethlehem,  Penna.,  in  the  summer  of  1783,  was 
Judge  Edmund  Pendleton,  of  Virginia,  who  spent  several  weeks  there 
for  the  benefit  of  his  health.  In  July,  the  Swedish  Baron  von  Hermelin, 
on  a  tour  of  scientific  investigation,  was  taken  ill  six  miles  from  the 
town,  and  carried  there  for  medical  treatment,  where  he  remained  until 
August  7th.  From  July  22d  to  August  29th,  Capt.  Paul  Jones  spent 
most  of  the  time  at  the  Sun  Inn.  He  was  accompanied  by  Samuel 
Wharton,  of  Philadelphia.  On  the  evening  of  August  17th,  the  landlord 
of  the  Crown  Inn,  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Lehigh,  hurried  over  to  the 
town  and  reported  the  suspicious  movements  and  unruly  acts  of  two 
strange  men  who  had  followed  to  his  inn  a  traveler  who  carried  a  sum 
of  money  which,  under  fear  of  these  men,  he  had  given  into  the  land- 
lord's care.  Meanwhile  they  had  attacked  the  traveler,  deprived  him 
of  his  letters  and  papers,  inflicted  bodily  injury  upon  him  and  threat- 
ened to  kill  him,  when  he  escaped  in  the  darkness.  The  assailants  then 
commenced  to  intimidate  the  other  persons  at  the  inn,  and  took  posses- 
sion of  the  place.  There  being  no  magistrate  in  Bethlehem,  Captain 
Jones  took  matters  into  his  hands  and  made  arrangements  to  hold  and 
guard  the  ruffians  until  an  officer  could  be  summoned.  The  next  day  a 
neighboring  justice  was  sent  for,  the  affair  was  investigated,  the  as- 
saulted traveler  appeared,  and  the  prisoners  were  bound  over  to  court. 

LIST  OF  GOODS  FOB  PBESENTS  TO  INDIANS  AT  ONONDAGO. — In  May  of 
1750,  when  Bishop  J.  C.  F.  Cammerhoff  visited  the  Six  Nations  at 
Onondago,  he  took  with  him  the  following  goods  as  presents  to  the 
Council.  They  are  invoiced  at  £49.10.4. 

5  pr.  silver  arm  rings,  2  neck  chains  with  medals,  20  shirt  buckles, 
14  pr.  silver  stem  buttons,  20  finger  rings,  with  several  sorts  of  stones; 
6  pr.  rings,  with  several  sorts  of  stones,  4  pr.  plain  earrings,  4  pr.  stones 
for  hair,  20  Ibs.  roll  tobacco,  2  pr.  strouds  stockings,  2  strouds  blankets, 
3£  yds.  linen  for  shirt,  3  striped  blankets,  3  Ibs.  coffee,  2  Ibs.  tea,  8 
Ibs.  sugar,  3  Ibs.  chocolate,  3  tin  cups,  pepper  and  ginger,  needles,  130 
fishhooks  and  3  lines,  24  gun  flints,  1  brass  kettle,  8  Ibs.  shot,  3  Ibs. 
powder,  2£  Ibs.  lead,  31  pipe  shanks,  wampum,  30  Ibs.  white  biscuit, 
30  Ibs.  brown  biscuit,  soap  in  cakes. 

TBADES  REPRESENTED  IN  BETHLEHEM,  1756. — In  the  return  made  to 
the  constable  of  Bethlehem  township,  December  9,  1756,  the  following 
trades  are  represented:  Carpenters,  6;  Silversmith,  1;  Hatter,  1; 
Glovers,  2;  Weavers,  7;  Nailsmiths,  2;  Coopers,  2;  Tailors,  6;  Stocking- 
weavers,  3 ;  Clothmakers,  3 ;  Masons,  4 ;  Butcher,  1 ;  Dyer,  1 ;  Smiths,  3 ; 
Joiners,  2;  Tanners,  4;  Gunstockmaker,  1:  Shoemakers,  11;  Saddlers,  3; 
Bakers,  3 ;  Fullers,  2 ;  Wheelwrights,  2 ;  Potters,  2 ;  Pewterer,  1 ;  Turner, 
1;  Bookbinder,  1;  Tinsmith,  1;  Millers,  2;  Leather-breeches  maker,  1; 


Notes  and  Queries.  245 

Leather  dresser,  1;  Whitesmith,  1;  Brickmaker,  1;  Millwright,  1;  and 
the  following:  Physician  and  Surgeons,  2;  Surveyor,  1;  Storekeepers,  2; 
Farmers,  13;  Herdsman,  1;  Shepherds,  2;  Laborers,  10;  Gardner,  1; 
Carters,  6;  Nurses,  2. 

CORRESPONDENCE  WITH  EARLY  IRON  MASTERS. — As  early  as  1747,  the 
growing  town  of  Bethlehem,  Penna.,  obtained  its  iron  from  the  forges  and 
furnaces  in  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey,  at  Durham,  Oxford.  Green- 
wich and  Union  works.  The  following  letters  cover  the  decade  1750- 
1760:— 

Durham,  April  12  1750 
Mr.  Brownfield, 
Dear  Sir. 

The  bearer  is  one  of  the  Company's  servants  whose  arm  was  bruised 
by  the  overset  of  a  cart,  beg  the  favour  to  recommend  him  to  your 
doctor,  whose  charges,  with  the  ferryage,  2  qts  of  oats  for  our  creature, 
and  a  pint  or  quart  of  beer  for  the  man,  shall  be  paid  to  you,  the  first 
time  I  come  to  Bethlehem,  which  wont  be  long.  The  furnace  will  be  in 
blast  in  June  next,  we  then  can  cast  for  you  what  56,  28,  14  and  7  Ibs 
weight  you  shall  want.  Please  send  the  doctor's  bill  and  other  charges 
to  Sir 

Your  most  humble  servant 

For  Messrs  Wm  Logan  &  Co., 

W.  Bodecker. 

Durham,  23  April  1752. 
Friend  Jasper  Payne, 

There  was  no  agreement  made  between  John  Brownfield  and  me  about 
the  price  of  iron,  and  I  only  told  him  that  I  could  not  sell  it  under  £28. 
per  ton,  but  if  Wm  Logan,  who  I  expect  up  in  a  short  time,  would  lower 
the  price,  he  should  know  of  it.  I  now  expect  Wm  Logan  up  in  a  few 
days,  and  shall  acquaint  them  with  his  mind  in  a  short  time. 

I  bespoke  with  John  Brownfield  a  set  of  wagon  wheels  which  I  ex- 
pected was  done.  I  desire  thee  would  be  so  good  as  to  let  them  be  done 
as  soon  as  possible,  because  I  am  in  great  want  of  them.  The  smith 
has  chosen  89  bars  of  iron,  weight  one  ton. 

I  am  in  behalf  of  W.  Logan 

Thy  real  friend 

Henry  Mitchell. 

N.  B.  The  hind  wagon  wheels  should  be  6  feet  high  and  the  other  in 
proportion. 

Union  Ironworks  Dec.  19,  1754. 
Mr.  Nicholas  H.  Eberhardt, 
Dear  Sir. 

I  rec'd  your  favor  with  the  balance  of  the  old  acct.  it  being 
£30.16.9$  as  mentioned  in  your  letter.  Have  sent  you  the  rod  iron  with 
a  bill  and  the  price  of  it  by  Mr.  Romelt,  shall  immediately  send  the 
tallow,  the  remaining  part  of  the  iron  and  the  bill  of  parcels  of  them 
to  the  Hickory  tavern,  and  shall  in  compliance  with  your  request,  send 
to  the  tavern  from  time  to  time  as  you  have  occasion  for. 

Being  confident  of  the  goodness  of  our  new  iron  have  sent  you  five 
hundred  of  it  to  make  a  trial,  assuring  you  at  the  same  time  you  shall 
have  whatever  quantity  of  it  you  want,  20  shillings  per  ton  less,  than 
you  can  possibly  get  it  for  any  where  else. 

Next  year  and  every  year  after,  you  may  depend  upon  having  70 
hides  at  least,  and  whatever  quantity  of  tallow  we  can  possibly 
spare.  Sir, 

Your  most  humble  servant 

Jolm  Hackett. 


246  Notes  and  Queries. 

Union  Ironworks  20  Dec.  1754. 
Mr.  Nicholas  H.  Eberhardt 
Dear  Sir. 

The  bearer  informs  me  that  you  are  willing  to  supply  us  with 
shoes  as  follows — women's  shoes  at  5  shlgs  per  pair  and  men's  shoes  at 
7  shillings,  and  if  there  should  happen  to  be  any  boys  shoes  among 
them  you  must  fix  your  price  accordingly.  Its  true  I  can  have  them 
of  others  6d  a  pair  cheaper,  but  I  have  reason  to  think  that  your  shoes 
are  6d  a  pair  better — if  these  terms  are  agreeable  to  you,  I  would 
recommend  to  you  to  get  a  hundred  pair  made,  and  send  them  as  soon 
as  it  suits  your  convenience. 
I  am  with  great  respect, 

Your  very  humble  servant 

John  Hackett. 

William  Allen  &  Co.,  Jany.  9  1756. 

Sent  to  Union  slitting  mill,  five  hundred  weight  of  sheet  iron, 
quantity  five  bundles,  and  half  a  hundred  of  broad  hoop  iron,  to  be 
left  at  the  Hickory  tavern  for  the  Moravian  Brethren  in  Bethlehem. 

Pat.  Carroll. 

Durham,  Aug.  26,  1757. 
Mr  C.  F.  Oerter, 

Let  Mr.  James  Shewell  have  a  woman's  saddle  and  anything  he  may 
have  occasion  for  in  the  shop,  which  place  to  the  account  of  Durham  Co. 
Your  humble  servant, 

Wm  Harrison,  bookkeeper, 
&  6  Ibs  best  Muscovado  sugar. 

Durham,  6  May  1757 
Mr.  Oerter, 

Please  send  by  Peter  Christian  the  4  blind  halters  I  wrote  for  some 
time  agoe  and  likewise  a  skin  fit  for  sewing  leather,  and  if  the  saddler 
has  any  good  snaffle  bridles,  please  to  send  one,  all  which  charge  to 
acct.  of  Durham  Co. 

I  am  sir 
Your  humble  servant 

Geo.  Taylor. 
If  you  have  any  plow  lines,  please  send  two. 

Durham,  Oct.  8,  1757 
Mr.  C.  F  Oerter, 
Dear  Sir. 

Mr.  Taylor  desires  you  to  send  per  bearer 
1  side  good  harness  leather, 

5  good  horse  collars,  if  any  made,  if  not  to  make  them 

6  Ib.  good  Muscavado  sugar 
$  pound  tea 

Also  send  him  a  line  or  two  if  your  tanner  will  have  any  hides  this 
year  and  what  price  he  will  give — we  shall  have  near  sixty. 
Your  humble  servant 

Wm  Harrison. 

Greenwich  Forge,  Sept  12,  1761 
Mr  C.  F.  Oerter, 
Sir. 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  we  have  made  a  blast  at 
Oxford  furnace  by  which  means  you  may  depend  upon  your  order  being 
completed. 

I  am  sir,  for  Jacob  Starr  &  Co 
Your  humble  servant 

P.  Jones. 


Notes  and  Queries.  247 

Greenwich  Forge.  Nov.  26,  1761 
Mr.  C.  F  Oerter 
Sir. 

Please  to  give  the  order  to  Mr.  Starr's  negro  to  go  to  the  saddler 
for  a  bridle  for  Mr.  Starr — have  sent  Miss  Patty's  bridle  to  have 
another  rein  put  to  it  of  leather. 

I  am  sir,  for  Mr.  Starr, 
Your  humble  servant, 

P.  Jones. 
N.  B.    Please  send  per  bearer  3  tanned  calfskins  for  aprons. 

SCHOOL  BILLS  OF  SPBINGETT  PENN,  1749-50,  selected  from  the  Penn 
Papers,  Manuscript  Division,  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. — 
Springett  Penn  to  Gilbert  Thompson,  \  Dp 

for  money  disbursd.  as  Fol low's             j  £ 

To  the  Shoemaker  10/6  Tailer  for  mend*  cloths  &c  3/6 0:14: — 

fire  money  in  the  school  I/  postage  8d  Stockings  5/9   0 :  7 :  5 

Some  buttons  &  Trimming  for  his  woollen  cloths 0:  2 :  6 

A  Latingramar  1/4  Hool's  Terminations  1/1   0:  2:  5 

A  Spelling  book  I/  Bayleys  Exercise  book  1/1  0:  2 :   1 

A  Corderius  Colloquies  1/2  Watts  Poems  8d  garters  6d 0 :  2 :  4 

A  box  lock  and  key  for  the  School 0:   1:  6 

A  Slate  I/  knife  &  fork  8d  Two  Combs  1/2 0 :  2:10 

Paper  Quills  ink  &  other  Stationery  ware  0:  5:11 

2:   1:  0 
4th  7b,  1749  gix  months  Board  &  Schooling 

Sankey  the  30th:  7br  1749. 
Esteemed  Friend, 
Thomas  Penn., 

I  have  drawn  out  the  ace*  of  money  disbursd  for  Springetts'  Six 

f  s  d 

Months,  amounting  to  2:1:0  as  above.  As  to  his  Board  and  Schooling 
I  left  it  blank  leaving  it  to  thy  self  to  determine.  My  Frd  Devereux 

Bowly  in  Lombd  Street  gives  me  wth  his  Nephew  now  wth  me  16.  p  Ann0 

for  Board  &  Schooling,  tho'  I  have  but  wth  others  14. 

Some  of  the  boys  Especially  from  London,  bring  along  wth  Them  a 
Spoon  Sheets  Napkins  &c  but  not  all,  it  being  intirely  Left  to  their 
Parents  &  Friends  choice,  &  sometimes  they  send  something  in  Lieu 
thereof,  all  which  is  submitted  to  their  own  option.  When  it  may 
Suit  thee  please  to  send  me  a  bill,  or  give  directions  for  my  drawing 
upon  thee.  I  hope  thy  Nephew  will  make  a  good  Scholar,  his  Faculties 
are  Strong,  tho'  not  so  Sprightly  as  some  others,  he  is  not  what  we 
call  an  offhand  boy,  but  has  a  good  second  or  afterthought,  and  reasons 
well,  I  take  a  good  deal  of  pleasure  to  discourse  him  now  and  then; 
He  sends  his  duty  &  Service  to  thee  &  his  Frds  Thy  old  Servant  had 
intendd  about  three  weeks  ago  to  have  come  to  London,  but  Being 
Somew1  Indisposd  he  durst  not  undertake  it  on  foot,.  He  desir'd  his 
humble  Service  might  be  given  to  thee,  and  that  thou  would  please 
to  get  a  deed  prepared  in  ordr  to  empowr  thee  to  receive  his  money  that 
is  in  Some  of  the  Stocks,  and  send  it  down  for  him  to  Execute,  that  he 

£    s 

may  put  it  out  on  Land  Security  at  4:10  pcent  in  this  Country  wch  1 
believe  he  may  get.  My  kind  Respects  attend  thee  who  am  thy 
Loving  Frd 

Gilb*  Thompson. 


248  Notes  and  Queries. 

Sankey  the  8th:  7br  1750. 
Esteemed  Friend  > 
Thomas  Penn.        j 

I  have  herewith  sent  Thy  Nephew8  6  months  accounts,  for  which 
have  drawn  upon  thee  payable  to  Samuel  Fothergill.  Springett  is  very 
well,  &  comes  on  finely  in  his  learning,  which  I  hope  will  prove  to  his 
advantage,  &  thy  Satisfaction;  he  so  lately  wrote  thee  what  books  he 
read  in  the  latin  Tongue  that  it  would  be  needless  now  to  mention  them, 
but  this  I  may  add  that  he  seems  to  understand  well,  &  relish  the  books 
he  doth  read. 

I  am  with  kind  Respects  thy  Loving  and  obliged  Fr41 

Gilbert  Thompson. 

Thomas  Penn  Esqp  for  his  Nephew  S.  Penn  To  Gilbert  Thompson  Dr 

1750 — For  6  months  board  &  Schooling 8:  0:  0 

A  new  Sute  of  cloths  containing  coat,  waste  coat  \  2  •  1 1  •  6 

&  two  pr  of  breeches,  &  making  them J 

Shoes  10/6  Stockings  5/8  Lent  Pocket  money  4/6 1 :  0 :  8 

an  hat  box  9d.  a  Tullies  offices  1/9  garters  4d 0:  2:10 

ovid  De  Tristibus  8d  No  Cross  No  Crown  2/6 0:  3:  2 

Garters  4d  buckle  &  buttons  I/  penknife  8d 0 :  2 :   0 

Familiar  forms  9d  Farnaby"  Rheto :  6d 0 :  1 :  3 

Gloves  I/  postage  1/4  Latin  Grammar  1/4 0 :  3 :  8 

Papr  quills  ink  writing  books  &c 0 :  3:11 

£12:  9:  0 

EXTEACT  OF  A  LETTER  FROM  AN  OFFICER  AT  PHILADELPHIA,  SEPTEMBER 

23  [  ?] — Penn  Papers. — 

"This  Proprietary  Province  seems  at  present  to  be  a  perfect  Contrast 
to  the  neighbouring  Governments  under  the  Crown.  There,  is  all  Peace 
and  Tranquility;  Here  the  utmost  Anarchy  and  Confusion.  Nor  is 
there  any  prospect  of  Harmony  being  restored  to  this  unhappy  Country, 
unless  a  Change  of  Government  should  ensue.  If  the  Crown  therefore 
inclines  to  have  that  province  under  its  immediate  Government,  there 
never  can  be  a  more  proper  opportunity  for  the  purpose." 

GEN.  DUPORTAIL  TO  WASHINGTON,  Valley  Forge,  April  13,  1778. — 
The  following  is  a  translation  made  by  Col.  John  Laurens  for  Gen. 
Washington,  of  Gen.  Duportail's  opinion  on  fortifying  a  hill  at  Valley 
Forge. 

"Having  been  better  informed  of  His  Excellencys  Intentions,  I  returned 
to  the  Hill,  and  examined  if  we  could  make  any  inclosed  work,  which 
would  enable  us  to  maintain  the  ground  with  a  very  small  Force — but 
I  found  no  proper  Spot.  As  the  Summit  of  this  Hill  has  both  length  and 
breadth,  in  whatever  spot  we  place  the  work,  it  would  only  see  on  one 
or  two  sides,  the  ground  by  which  the  enemy  may  approach  they  would 
mount  therefore  on  the  other  sides  under  cover  and  attack  the  Work, 
which  then  would  be  in  the  circumstances  of  any  single  detached  work, 
unprotected  by  the  Line  and  consequently  incapable  of  defence  unless 
we  make  it  exceedingly  strong,  which  would  require  more  labour  than 
I  imagine  we  can  at  present  bestow — 

"If  the  plan  is  to  have  other  Troops  besides  those  in  the  Redout  to  de- 
fend the  mountain — I  ask  where  they  are  to  be  placed — are  they  to  be 
kept  on  the  Summit,  without  bordering  the  declivities  accessible  by  the 
Enemy? — the  Enemy  in  that  case  will  find  no  difficulty  in  mounting  and 
when  they  have  gained  the  height  they  will  be  on  a  level  with  your 
Troops,  who  except  those  shut  up  in  the  work,  being  in  no  wise  favored 


Notes  and  Queries.  249 

by  the  ground, — will  make  no  Resistance,  and  must  abandon  the  Redout 
to  its  own  Force — 

"Are  the  Declivities  to  be  guarded  by  Troops,  to  hinder  the  Enemy  from 
mounting? — that  is  exactly  the  Plan  I  am  pursuing,  and  I  only  ask  the 
necessary  number  of  men  for  that  purpose — thus,  far  from  contracting 
our  position  by  the  means  of  an  inclosed  work  on  the  Summit  of  the 
Hill,  on  the  contrary  more  Troops  would  be  required — since  besides  those 
employed  in  defending  the  declivity,  a  certain  number  would  be  wanted 
for  the  inclosed  work — 

"I  do  not  see  therefore  according  to  the  form  of  the  mountain,  that  it 
can  be  occupied  in  any  other  manner  than  that  which  we  have  adopted, 
or  with  fewer  Troops — 

"At  least  the  only  improvement  we  can  make,  is  to  strengthen  our  Pro- 
files, and  increase  the  obstacles  of  Brush,  Palisades  &ca — " 

Queries. 

DR.  WILLIAM  ARCHIBALD  McCsEA. — Dr.  McCrea's  date  and  place  of 
birth  are  not  matters  of  record  apparently,  but  he  married  June  5,  1784, 
at  the  Old  Swedes  Church,  Philadelphia,  Margaret  Elinor  Norwood,  by 
whom  he  had  three  children:  Frances  B.,  who  married  John  Hankinson, 
of  New  Jersey;  Edith  Ruston,  who  married  Col.  Peter  P.  S'chuyler,  of 
Albany  (my  great-grandmother),  and  Margaret,  who  married  John 
Campbell,  a  major  in  the  War  of  1812. 

Dr.  McCrea's  mother  was  thrice  married,  first  to  David  Chambers, 
an  Elder  in  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church  of  Philadelphia,  second  to 

McCrea,  the  father  of  the  doctor  and  third  to  Ruston.     I 

am  very  anxious  to  learn  the  name  of  his  father,  and  full  particulars 
about  his  life.  I  believe  that  he  was  related  to  either  the  family  of 
James  McCrea  of  Philadelphia,  or  of  Rev.  James  McCrea,  the  Presby- 
terian pastor  of  Lamington,  N.  J.,  whose  daughter  Jane  was  killed 
by  the  Indians  at  Fort  Edward,  N.  Y.  Dr.  William  Archibald  McCrea 
was  divorced  by  his  wife  at  Philadelphia,  March  25,  1802,  and  died 
at  Fort  James,  Ga.  His  widow  married  Gen.  Thomas  Humphrey  Gush- 
ing, a  distinguished  soldier  of  the  Revolution,  and  by  him  had  one 
daughter,  Ann  Rebecca,  who  became  the  wife  of  John  A.  Barclay  of 
Philadelphia.  He  was  one  of  the  executors  of  the  Girard  Estate,  and  I 
believe  has  descendants  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia  now. 

Any  information  regarding  Dr.  McCrea  or  his  family  will  be  re- 
ceived with  great  interest. 

J.  M.  S. 

BOONE-WEBB.  Wanted  information  regarding  the  descendants  of 
Mary  Boone,  who  married  John  Webb,  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  about  1720. 
She  was  a  sister  of  Squire  Boone,  father  of  Daniel,  hence  aunt  of  this 
noted  pioneer. 

Her  children  recorded  at  Exeter  Mtg.  are:  George,  Sarah,  Benjamin, 
Joseph,  Samuel,  Moses,  Mary  and  John. 

Hezekiah  Boone,  of  Roaring  creek,  married  as  second  wife  an  Elizabeth 
Boone,  of  Exeter,  April  13,  1804.  It  is  further  stated  that  her  mother 
was  one  Jane  Hughes,  and  her  father  Samuel,  b.  August  11,  1745,  son 
of  Benjamin  Boone,  b.  1706.  Samuel  Boone  named  had  a  wife  Eleanor 
Hughes,  who  condoned  her  marriage  at  Exeter  Mtg.,  1774.  She  had  not 
a  daughter,  Elizabeth.  Was  Eleanor  second  wife  of  said  Samuel,  or 
was  a  contemporary  Samuel  father  of  Elizabeth  Boone?  Will  some 
one  give  her  birth  date,  also  explain  identity  of  her  father,  and  grand- 
father Boone,  with  dates,  records,  etc.,  in  proof? 

Benjamin  Boone,  b.  1706,  married  Ann  Farmer  at  Abington  Mtg.,  left 
a  widow,  Susannah,  1762. 


250  Notes  and  Queries. 

Information  sought  touching  his  wives  and  marriages,  his  Bible 
record,  explanation  which  wife  was  mother  of  his  five  children  baptized 
at  Morlotton  Church,  1753,  what  became  of  the  daughter,  Mary,  b. 
1739,  and  the  "eldest"  son  John,  given  5s  in  his  father's  will? 

PIDGEON — DAY. — In  Paulson's  Daily  Advertizer  of  Tuesday,  April  30, 
1822,  an  article  by  "R."  on  Christ  Church  Burying  Ground,  and  the 
inscriptions  on  the  tombstones,  mention  is  made  of  the  tomb  of  a 
Captain  Pidgeon  being  ornamated  with  the  arms  of  the  deceased.  In 
the  records  of  Christ  Church  the  burial  of  a  Richard  Pidgeon  is  recorded 
as  of  August  13,  1753.  In  his  will,  dated  January  16,  1748/9,  he 
describes  himself  "of  Philadelphia,  mariner."  An  examination  of  Clark's 
Inscriptions  of  Christ  Church  Burial  Ground,  fails  to  make  any  record 
of  the  inscription  of  any  such  person.  Can  anyone  identify  this  Cap- 
tain Pidgeon?  In  the  same  article  mention  is  made  of  "The  oldest 
[tombstone]  I  saw  was  thus  inscribed:  'In  memory  of  Eliz.  Day  who 
Died  Mar  ye  9th  1720  Ag*  28  ye*"' "  This  also,  is  not  in  Clark's  book. 

S.  H.  W. 

NAME  OF  PAPER  MAKEB  REQUESTED. 

Can  anyone  give  me  the  name  of  the  paper  maker  from  the  following 
watermark,  which  is  reproduced  to  aid  in  identification? 


The  paper  was  manufactured  about  the  year  1777,  presumably  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  may  be  examined  in  the  Manuscript  Division  of  the 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

ED.  PENNA.  MAG. 

MEDICAL  GRADUATES  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA: — Bio- 
graphical information  is  asked,  or  the  source  whence  it  can  be  had,  of 
the  following  medical  graduates  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  for 
the  Alumni  Catalogue  now  preparing.  Information  may  be  sent  to 
Ewing  Jordan,  M.D.,  1510  Walnut  St.,  Philadelphia,  Penna. 

rv  A   a  /».  i  Q^Q  Bond,  Stephen  Nova  Scotia 

Braxton,  William  P.  Va. 

Armistead,  Thomas  Buck,  John  R.  Tenn. 

Dandridge  Va.  Calhoun,  Aquila  T.  Ga. 

Bethel,  John  P.  Pa.  Carter,  Francis  B.  Ala. 

Boatwright,  John  Henry  S.  C.  Champlin,  Stephen  Conn. 

Bockee,  Jacob  N.  Y.  Chew,  William  Locke  Miss. 

Boisseau,  George  F.  Va.  Clement,  Robert  A.  Va. 


Notes  and  Queries. 


251 


Connel,  Alva  Ga. 

Cooke,  Armistead  T.*M.  Va. 

Cross,  William  Ciprianus  N.  C. 

Davis,  Stephen  Ala. 

De  Young,  Philip  Pa. 

Diddep,  James  L.  Va. 

Dimon,  David  Conn. 

Dodson,  Charles  Russell  N.  C. 

Dodson,  William  E.  Va. 

Dollarhide,  Benjamin  E.  Ala. 

Early,  John  F.  Va. 

Eg§,  Charles  N.  Pa. 

Evans,  Augustus  C.  N.  C. 

Faulkner,  Horace  D.  Va. 

Foreman,  Isaac  S.  C. 

Franklin,  Bedney  L.  Ga. 

Glaskin,  Thomas  Va. 

Glass,  William  H.  N.  C. 

Graham,  Richard  J.  Va. 

Granier,  Elias  D.  Va. 

Green,  Sherwood  Tenn. 

Green,  William  A.  N.  Y. 

Halson,  George  J.  Va. 

Hamilton,  David  Blount  Ga. 

Hamilton,  Walter  J.  A.  Ga. 

Hanson,  John  A.  Ga. 

Harding,  William  H.  Va. 

Harpur,  John  R.  I. 

Hendree,  George  R.  Va. 

Herring,  William  Va. 

Hicks,  William  Raven  N.  C. 

Hiner,  John  Md. 

Home,  Charles  N.  Ga. 

Jones,  Walter  F.  Va. 

Jordan,  Reuben  G.  Ala. 

Lansdale,  Philip  Md. 

Lewis,  Charles  S.  Va. 

McClure,  Robert  M.  Ind. 

McElhenny,  Washington  Va. 

Madison.  Thomas  Cooper  Va. 

Moore,  William  H.  Ala. 

Motley,  James  L.  Va. 

Motley,  Joseph  F.  Va. 

Newell,  Azariali  D.  N.  J. 

Newton,  Thomas,  Jr.  Va. 


Noland,  George  G.  Miss. 

Palmer,  Etheldred  J.  Ga. 

Payne,  George  B.  Va. 

Peck,  Oliver  J.  N.  Y. 

Pennington,  John  J.  P.  Va. 

Pleasants,  James  A.  Va. 

Potter,  Thomas  Mawney  R.  I. 

Rambo,  Samuel  S.  C. 

Randolph,  Arthur  M.  Fla. 

Ray,  John  Toddington  Del. 

Reid,  John  H.  Ala. 

Rives,  William  Tenn. 

Robertson,  John  Del. 

Scott,  Thomas  L.  Va. 
Shollington,  William  E.  J.    N.  C. 

Simmons,  D.  Dawley  N.  C. 

Smith,  Isaac  N.  Y. 

Smith,  John  Howard  Pa. 

Stanton,  Darwin  Erasmus  Ohio 

Stith,  Leonidas  Y.  Ala. 

Stone,  Richard  W.  Ga. 

Strobhart,  Jacob  W.  S.  C. 
Studdiford,  Henry 

Vanderver  N.  J. 

Sullivan,  Isaac  N.  C. 

Taylor,  John  Winthrop  Pa. 

Thornley,  John  Va. 

Tulloss,  Samuel  S.  Tenn. 

Turner,  William  A.  N.  C. 

Turner,  William  M.  Tenn. 

Van  Arsdale,  Henry  N.  J. 

Vason,  Jesse  M.  Ga. 

Waddill,  Charles  D.  Miss. 

Warren,  Thomas  Davis  Va. 

Waters,  Franklin  Md. 

Watkins,  Lucien  Mayo  Va. 

Webb,  William  T.  Ala. 

Weir,  David  Park  Va. 

Williams,  Solomon  P.  N.  C. 

Williams,  Thomas  Jasper  Va. 
Willson,  William  Greenbury 

Goldsborough  Md. 

Wilson,  Delany  L.  S.  C. 

Winfree,  David  C.  Va. 


252  Notes  and  Queries. 


JBoofc  mottces. 

THE  LIFE  AND  TIMES  OF  COL.  JOHN  SIEGFRIED.  By  Rev.  John  Baer 
Stoudt.  Northampton,  Penna.,  1914.  8vo,  pp.  66.  Illustrated. 

This  attractive  book  is  the  outcome  of  the  ceremonies  connected  with 
the  unveiling  of  the  memorial  erected  to  the  memory  of  Col.  John 
Siegfried  and  the  soldiers  of  old  Northampton  county,  who  served  under 
him  at  the  second  battle  of  Trenton,  Princeton,  Brandywine,  German- 
town,  Whitemarsh,  Bed  Bank  and  Monmouth.  We  can  congratulate 
those  to  whose  labors  we  owe  the  publication  of  this  valuable  addition 
to  the  history  of  the  valley  of  the  Lehigh  and  its  sturdy  settlers,  who 
championed  the  cause  of  the  Colonies.  In  the  critical  month  of  Decem- 
ber 1776,  Washington  wrote  to  Colonel  Siegfried  and  entreated  him  to 
call  out  the  militia  of  Northampton  county  and  hasten  to  his  assistance 
on  the  banks  of  the  Delaware,  to  which  he  promptly  responded  with  his 
battalion  three  days  later,  and  throughout  the  campaign  for  the  defense 
of  the  Delaware  the  following  year,  the  patriotic  yeomanry  of  North- 
ampton were  attached  to  the  division  of  Gen.  John  Armstrong.  When 
not  in  the  field  with  his  battalion  Colonel  Siegfried  was  collecting  sup- 
plies for  the  army,  and  after  the  war  he  filled  several  offices  of  honor  and 
trust.  Careful  research  is  evident  throughout  the  work  and  the 
narrative  presented  with  good  taste.  The  illustrations  are  numerous 
and  some  of  them  appear  for  the  first  time. 

BLACK  FOREST  SOUVENIRS  COLLECTED  IN  NORTHERN  PENNSYLVANIA. 
By  Henry  W.  Shoemaker,  Reading,  Penna.,  1914.  Pp.  404.  Illustrated. 

Contents:  John  Decker's  Elk;  Why  the  Senecas  would  not  eat  Trout; 
Young  Woman's  Creek;  Conquering  Fate;  In  the  Rafters;  The  Winter 
of  Wolves;  The  Three  Rivers;  A  Story  of  Regina;  The  Death  Shout; 
The  Healing  Spring;  A  Hunter's  Daughter;  The  moment  the  Lights 
were  lit;  Hugh  Mitcheltree;  George  Shower's  Panther;  The  Tramper; 
Little  Red  Ridinghood ;  The  Cursed  Woods ;  The  Screaming  Scull. 

These  tales  gathered  from  old  pioneers  and  hunters  of  the  counties  of 
Centre,  Clearfield,  Potter,  Clinton,  Mifflin,  McKean,  Tioga  and  Ly- 
coming,  glow  with  the  spirit  of  romance  and  mystery,  of  pioneer  life 
and  adventure,  of  the  woods,  camp  and  cabin,  and  are  sympathetically 
portrayed  by  the  author,  whose  facile  pen  has  rendered  his  account 
charmingly  readable. 

GENEALOGY  OF  THE  DESCENDANTS  OF  THEOBOLD  FOUSE  (FATJSS),  IN- 
CLUDING MANY  OTHER  CONNECTED  FAMILIES.  By  Gaius  Marcus  Brum- 
baugh, M.S.,  M.D.,  and  John  Garner  Fouse.  Baltimore,  1914.  4to,  pp. 
289.  Illustrated.  Price  $5.00. 

This  work  gives  an  historical  account  as  well  as  a  genealogical  record 
of  the  descendants  of  Theobald  Fouse,  who  came  from  Bavaria  to 
America  over  a  century  and  a  quarter  ago,  and  contains  more  than 
mere  names  and  dates.  The  interesting  history  and  character  sketches 
of  members  of  the  family  have  been  prepared  with  the  greatest  regard 
for  accuracy  and  the  vast  amount  of  data  will  be  read  with  interest. 
The  volume  is  an  acceptable  contribution  to  the  constantly  increasing 
number  of  genealogies  of  families  of  German  descent,  and  in  typography 
and  paper,  all  that  could  be  desired. 

PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF  SCHUYLKILL  COUNTY. 
Vol.  IV,  No.  4.  Pottsville,  Pa.,  1914.  8vo,  pp.  305-462.  Illustrated. 

This  number  completes  the  fourth  volume  of  the  publications  of  this 
Society.  In  addition  to  the  list  of  officers  and  their  annual  reports, 
there  are  many  contributions  based  upon  a  strict  study  of  historical 
documents  by  trustworthy  workers  in  local  historical  fields,  which 


Notes  and  Queries.  253 

may  be  drawn  upon  as  required,  for  their  real  value.  Attention  is 
directed  to  the  following:  History  of  Schuylkill  Canal;  Tales  of  the 
Blue  Mountains:  Milestones  and  Tollgates  on  Centre  Turnpike;  the 
Derr  Family;  Legends  and  traditions  of  Schuylkill  County;  Early- 
Days  of  Pottsville;  Reminiscences  of  Schuylkill  Haven.  The  Society 
is  in  a  flourishing  condition  and  doing  good  local  work. 

STUDIES  IN  SOUTHEBN  HISTORY  AND  POLITICS.  New  York.  Columbia 
University  Press,  1914.  8vo,  pp.  394. 

Contents:  I.  Deportation  and  Colonization:  An  Attempted  Solution 
of  the  Race  problem,  by  Prof.  Walter  L.  Fleming.  //.  The  Literary 
movement  for  Secession,  by  Prof.  Ulrich  B.  Phillips;  ///.  The  Frontier 
and  Secession,  by  Prof.  Charles  W.  Ramsdell;  IV.  The  French  Consuls 
in  the  Confederate  States,  by  Prof.  M.  L.  Ronham,  Jr.;  V.  The  Judicial 
Interpretation  of  the  Confederate  Constitution,  by  Prof.  Sidney  D. 
Brummer;  VI.  Southern  legislation  in  respect  to  Freedman,  1865- 
1866,  by  Prof.  J.  G.  de  R.  Hamilton;  VII.  Carpet-baggers  in  the  United 
States  Senate,  by  Prof.  C.  M.  Thompson;  VIII.  Grant's  Southern  Policy, 
by  Prof.  E.  C.  Woolley;  IX.  The  Federal  Enforcement  Act,  by  Prof. 
W.  W.  Davis;  X.  Negro  Suffrage  in  the  South,  by  Prof.  W.  Roy  Smith; 
XI.  Some  phases  of  Educational  history  in  the  South  since  1865,  by 
Prof.  W.  K.  Boyd;  XII.  The  new  South,  economic  and  social,  by  Prof. 
Holland  Thompson;  XIII.  The  political  philosophy  of  John  C.  Calhoun, 
by  Prof.  C.  E.  Merriam;  XIV.  Southern  political  theories,  by  Prof.  D. 
G.  Thomas;  XV.  Southern  politics  since  the  Civil  War,  by  Prof.  James 
W.  Garner. 

A  year  ago  a  group  of  former  students  of  Dr.  William  A.  Dunning, 
professor  of  history  and  political  philosophy,  in  Columbia  University, 
who  has  done  so  much  to  stimulate  interest  among  investigators  in  later 
American  history,  conceived  the  idea  of  a  testimonial  of  their  regard 
for  him  as  a  teacher,  and  of  their  admiration  of  him  as  a  man  and 
scholar,  by  writing  a  series  of  essays  and  issue  them  in  the  form  in 
which  they  now  appear.  An  index  has  been  appended. 

THE  COLONIAL  SOCIETY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA,  CHAETEB,  CONSTITUTION, 
BY  LAWS,  OFFICERS,  COMMITTEES,  MEMBERS,  ETC.  Philadelphia,  1914. 
8vo,  pp.  174. 

This  Society  formed  for  the  purpose  of  celebrating  anniversaries  of 
events  connected  with  the  settlement  of  Pennsylvania  prior  to  1700,  of 
collecting,  preserving  and  publishing  records  and  documents  relating  to 
the  early  history  of  that  Colony,  and  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  the 
early  settlers  of  the  American  Colonies,  has  issued  a  new  Year  Book. 
March  15th,  the  anniversary  of  the  granting  of  the  Charter  to  William 
Penn,  and  November  8,  the  anniversary  of  Penn's  landing  in  Pennsyl- 
vania are  specially  celebrated.  Among  the  fourteen  publications  of  the 
Society  are  the  following:  The  American  Weekly  Mercury,  Vols.  1-4, 
1719-1723,  republished  in  fac-similie;  Records,  of  the  Court  of  New 
Castle  on  Delaware,  1676-1681 ;  Record  of  the  Courts  of  Chester  County, 
Pennsylvania,  1681-1697;  History  of  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania,  by 
Samuel  Smith.  The  membership  claims  are  printed  in  pedigree  form 
and  an  index  of  ancestors  under  whom  claims  are  made  has  been  ap- 
pended. The  work  is  a  credit  to  the  Publication  Committee. 

ANNUAL  PROCEEDINGS  PENNSYLVANIA  SOCIETY  OF  SONS  OF  THE  REVO- 
LUTION, 1913-1914.  Philadelphia,  1914.  8vo,  pp.  81. 

The  attractive  and  valuable  annual  report  of  this  Society  has  for  up- 
wards of  a  quarter  century,  by  its  publications,  the  erection  of  memorials, 
and  the  celebration  of  prominent  events  connected  with  our  struggle 
for  independence,  been  instrumental  in  reviving  a  more  active  patriotic 
spirit  in  the  State.  In  addition  to  the  list  of  officers,  it  contains  the 


254  Notes  and  Queries. 

annual  report  of  the  Board  of  Managers  to  the  1112  members  of  the 
Society;  necrological  sketches  of  the  twenty-nine  members  who  died 
during  the  year;  the  annual  sermon  preached  by  Rt.  Rev.  P.  M. 
Rhinelander,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  and  an  historical  address,  "When  Washington 
was  President/'  by  Prof.  John  Bach  McMaster.  The  Society  will  soon 
erect  in  this  city,  a  monument  to  the  memory  of  Maj.-Gen.  Anthony 
Wayne. 

A  HlSTOBY  OF  THE  WESTERN  BOUNDARY  OF  THE  LOUISIANA  PURCHASE, 

1819-1841,  by  Thomas  Maitland  Marshall,  Ph.D.  (University  of  Cali- 
fornia Publications  in  History,  Volume  II.)  January,  1915.  Pp.  xiii, 
263.  Price,  in  paper  covers,  $1.75;  cloth,  $2.00. 

In  this  volume  has  been  undertaken  for  the  first  time  the  presentation 
of  a  history  of  the  negotiations  of  the  boundary  of  the  Louisiana  Pur- 
chase, viewed  in  its  entirety.  The  narrative  of  the  boundary  negotia- 
tions, with  Spain,  Mexico,  and  the  Republic  of  Texas  successively,  lays 
emphasis  particularly  on  the  period  after  1819,  and  is  assisted  by  the 
inclusion  in  the  text  of  many  maps  illustrating  the  various  boundary 
proposals  and  also  the  several  suggestions  of  a  "neutral  ground." 
There  is  also  a  larger  guide  map,  and  a  reduced  reproduction  of  the 
significant  portion  of  the  hitherto  unpublished  map  of  the  Pichardo 
Boundary  Commission  of  1811.  A  very  full  bibliography  and  index 
will  aid  the  reader. 

CATALOGUE  OF  LIBRARY  OF  BREV.-CCXL.  JOHN  PAGE  NICHOLSON,  U.  S. 
VOLS.,  A.M.,  LIT.  D.,  RELATING  TO  THE  WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION,  1861- 
1866.  Philadelphia  1914.  8vo,  pp.  1022.  300  copies  privately  printed. 

No  more  important  or  valuable  contribution  to  the  literature  of  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion  has  been  published,  than  the  catalogue  of  the 
library  of  Colonel  Nicholson,  comprising  books,  manuscripts,  pamphlets 
and  excerpts,  which  are  serviceably  and  handsomely  bound.  The  ab- 
sence of  Lincolniana  and  books  relating  to  the  Navy,  is  due  to  the  fact, 
that  Maj.  W.  H.  Lambert  was  gathering  his  incomparable  library,  and 
Asst.-Eng'r  Frederick  Schober,  U.  S.  N.,  his  collection  of  this 
branch  of  the  service.  Colonel  Nicholson  commenced  the  formation  of  his 
great  library  in  1865,  and  his  success  in  collecting  so  comprehensive  a 
library  of  Rebellion  matter  is  due  to  his  tireless  energy  and  the  sym- 
pathetic aid  of  his  soldier  friends.  It  would  be  deplorable  to  contem- 
plate the  possibility  of  this  remarkable  collection  not  being  kept  intact, 
and  made  accessible  to  present  and  future  historians,  who  are  yet  to 
write  the  history  of  our  great  struggle  for  the  maintenance  of  the  Union. 

PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  GENEALOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  Vol. 
VI,  No.  1.  March  1915.  8vo,  pp.  105. 

This  active  Society,  organized  twenty-three  years  ago,  has  on  its 
shelves,  302  manuscript  volumes  of  transcripts  of  church  and  meeting 
registers,  wills,  and  other  official  records  affording  genealogical  infor- 
mation. The  reputation  of  the  collection  is  widely  known  and  is  largely 
consulted,  but  by  doubling  the  present  membership  the  usefulness  of  the 
Society  could  be  increased.  The  contents  of  the  present  publication  are 
the  following:  The  First  Provincial  Council  of  Pennsylvania  and  its 
Members,  by  J.  Granville  Leach;  Bible  Records;  Odiorne  Family,  by 
Mrs.  William  Howell;  Urie  Family,  by  Miss  Mary  E.  Wood;  Reinhold 
Family,  by  Prof.  E.  S.  Reinhard;  Tombstone  Inscriptions;  Bethel  Grave- 
yard; Mount  Lebanon  Graveyard,  Allegheny  Co.;  and  Union  Grave- 
yard; St.  Clair  Graveyard,  Westmoreland  Co.,  Penna.,  by  Mary  E. 
Wood;  Abstracts  of  Westmoreland  Co.  Wills  (continued)  ;  Minutes  of 
Philadelphia  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  (continued)  ;  Memoirs  of 
Henry  Pemberton,  Jr..  and  William  M.  Mervine,  and  the  Twenty-third 
Annual  Report  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 


Notes  and  Queries.  255 

FIBST  REPOET  OP  THE  HISTOBICAL  COMMISSION  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 
1915.  8vo,  pp.  41. 

Two  years  ago  the  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania  created  this  Commission 
and  charged  it  with  the  duty  of  marking  by  proper  monuments,  tablets 
or  markers,  places  or  buildings  where  historical  events  have  transpired, 
as  well  as  the  preservation  or  restoration  of  ancient  or  historic  public 
buildings,  military  works  or  monuments,  connected  with  the  history 
of  Pennsylvania.  From  their  first  report,  we  find  that  the  work  of 
the  Commission  has  been  to  a  large  extent  merely  preliminary  and 
educational;  that  its  policy  is  to  encourage  and  stimulate  a  spirit  of 
public  inquiry  and  local  effort;  that  it  has  made  partial  examinations 
of  the  sites  and  events  that  have  been  marked  through  local  efforts  or 
jointly  by  the  Commonwealth,  and  they  have  also  prepared  their  first 
list  of  sites  suggested  to  be  marked.  The  Commission  will  recommend 
that  the  first  legislative  grant  be  made  for  the  erection  of  a  monumental 
memorial  at  the  scene  of  Bouquet's  battle  at  Busby  Run,  in  1763,  to 
mark  the  conquest  of  the  Indian  on  Pennsylvania  soil.  The  personnel 
of  the  Commission  guarantees  that  the  important  part  played  by  Penn- 
sylvania in  the  development  of  the  American  nation  will  be  given  just 
credit. 

JAPAN  TO  AMERICA.  A  SYMPOSIUM  OF  PAPEBS  BY  POLITICAL  LEADEBS 
AND  REPRESENTATIVE  CITIZENS  OF  JAPAN  ON  CONDITIONS  IN  JAPAN  AND 
ON  THE  RELATIONS  BETWEEN  JAPAN  AND  THE  UNITED  STATES.  Edited 
by  Naoichi  Masaoka,  with  an  introduction  by  Lindsay  Russell.  New 
York,  1915.  Pp.  235. 

This  volume  issued  under  the  auspices  of  the  Japan  Society  of 
America,  organized  in  New  York  ten  years  ago,  to  promote  friendly 
relations  between  the  United  States  and  Japan,  is  a  symposium  of 
papers  which  give  first-hand  information  as  to  the  ideals  and  policies 
of  Japanese  leaders,  and  also  on  the  all-important  matter  of  Japan's 
attitude  towards  the  United  States.  It  has  been  prepared  under  the 
editorial  supervision  of  Prof.  Naoichi,  by  statesmen  and  other  repre- 
sentative leaders  of  thought  in  Japan.  These  essays  make  clear  the 
conviction  of  the  writers,  that  the  best  and  lasting  'interests  of  Japan 
lie  in  the  preservation  of  the  historic  friendship  with  the  United  States. 
A  companion  volume,  America's  Message  to  Japan,  is  in  preparation. 

THE  LIFE  AND  WOBKS  OF  JOHN  SINGLETON  COPLEY.  By  Frank  W. 
Bayley.  Boston,  1915.  8vo,  pp.  285. 

Following  a  memoir  of  Copley  is  a  list  of  his  paintings  founded  on 
the  work  of  the  late  Augustus  Thorndike  Perkins,  and  also  the  re- 
searches of  the  compiler.  The  descriptions  of  the  paintings,  with  in- 
teresting historical  data,  new  and  trustworthy,  will  be  a  help  to  people 
who  ask  for  an  authoritative  guide.  A  full  index  is  appended,  and 
typographically  the  book  is  attractive. 

THE  PENNSYLVANIA  FEDEBATION  OF  HISTOBICAL  SOCIETIES,  Tenth 
Annual  Meeting,  Harrisburg,  January  21,  1915.  8vo,  pp.  85. 

From  the  annual  report  of  the  Federation  of  Historical  Societies,  we 
learn  that  forty-one  societies  are  members,  and  that  during  this  year 
will  be  published  a  bibliography  of  Lancaster  county.  The  reports  of 
the  President  and  the  tables  prepared  by  the  Secretary,  which  gives 
the  titles  of  publications  and  papers  read  before  the  societies  of  the 
Federation,  will  be  found  of  value  and  interest. 

THE  SNYDEB  COUNTY  HISTOBICAL  SOCIETY  BULLETIN,  VOL.  I,  No.  5. — 
This  issue  of  the  Bulletin  contains  in  addition  to  the  list  of  officers 
and  proceedings  of  the  Society,  many  interesting  and  valuable  contri- 
butions to  local  history.     The  life  and  character  of  Governor  Simon 


256  Notes  and  Queries. 

Snyder,  the  War  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  1812-15,  by  George  W. 
Wagenseller,  has  been  compiled  with  care,  and  follows  his  civil  and 
political  life  in  the  many  positions  of  honor  and  trust  which  he  filled. 

CATALOGUE  OF  THE  PORTRAITS  AND  OTHER  WORKS  OF  ART  IN  INDE- 
PENDENCE HALL,  PHILADELPHIA,  1915.  Compiled  by  Wilfred  Jordan, 
pp.  188.  Illustrated. 

This  attractive  catalogue  of  the  portraits  and  works  of  art  on  exhibi- 
tion in  the  State  House,  Philadelphia,  has  been  prepared  by  Mr.  Jordan 
with  the  view  to  its  usefulness  for  present  and  future  reference.  The 
nucleus  of  the  collection  of  historical  portraits  came  from  Peale's 
Museum,  which  at  one  time  occupied  the  upper  floor  of  the  building. 
In  addition  to  the  Charles  W.  Peale's  portraits,  there  are  excellent 
examples  of  West,  Stuart,  Pine,  Sully,  Ramsay,  and  the  James  Sharpless 
collection  of  over  forty  pastel  portraits.  Of  the  "Signers"  all  but  eight 
are  represented,  of  these  no  authentic  portraits  are  known.  The  catalogue 
is  alphabetically  arranged  by  subject  and  the  number  printed  corre- 
sponds with  that  on  the  frame  of  the  picture.  The  biographical  notes 
are  helpful. 

HISTORY  OF  LAND  TITLES  IN  THE  VICINITY  OF  QUAKERTOWN,  NEW 
JERSEY.  By  Mary  C.  Vail.  Flemington,  N.  J.,  1915.  8vo,  pp.  15. 

A  valuable  compilation  to  local  history,  prepared  by  the  late  Mrs. 
Vail,  who  intended  to  read  it  before  the  Hunterdon  County  Historical 
Society,  but  her  untimely  death  prevented  further  research  on  the  sub- 
ject and  it  is  printed  as  she  left  it.  Hiram  E.  Deats,  the  Secretary  and 
Librarian  of  the  Society,  is  preparing  for  publication  in  the  Hunterdon 
County  Democrat,  the  marriage  records  of  the  county,  1795-1876,  ar- 
ranged in  alphabetical  order  under  the  names  of  both  husband  and  wife, 
and  also  a  number  of  genealogical  articles  relating  to  prominent  fam- 
ilies. 

YEAR  BOOK  OF  THE  PENNSYLVANIA  SOCIETY,  1915.  By  Barr  Ferree, 
Director  of  the  Society.  New  York,  1915.  Pp.  272. 

Organized  in  New  York,  in  1899,  this  Society,  with  a  membership  of 
1500,  is  the  only  one  that  stands  directly  for  the  idea  that  Pennsyl- 
vanians,  banded  together  for  Pennsylvania,  are  better  Pennsylvanians 
than  those  who  stand  apart.  The  Year  Book,  compiled  by  Director 
Ferree,  will  keep  alive  the  memory  of  Pennsylvania,  and  his  Pennsyl- 
vania Kalendar  and  Anniversaris,  with  notices  of  books  written  by 
Pennsylvanians  and  relating  to  their  Commonwealth,  are  prominent 
incentives.  Upwards  of  eighty  illustrations  add  to  the  interest  and 
value  of  the  book. 


THE 

PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE 

OF 

HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 

VOL.  XXXIX.  1915.  No.  3. 

SOME  MATERIAL  FOE  A  BIOGRAPHY  OF  MRS. 
ELIZABETH  FERGUSSON,  nee  GRAEME. 

BY  SIMON  GRATZ. 

Of  the  few  women  who  attracted  public  attention 
during  the  Revolutionary  war,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergus- 
son  is  one  of  the  best  known.  Her  family  position, 
literary  tastes  and  personal  charms  ensured  her  a 
leading  place  in  the  social  circle;  but  the  chances  are 
that  she  would  be  no  better  remembered  to-day  than 
others  of  her  sex  who  had  like  attractions  and  accom- 
plishments, save  for  the  unfortunate  notoriety  which 
attached  to  her  from  the  fact  that  she  was  the  bearer 
of  the  letter  written  by  Rev.  Jacob  Duche  to  General 
Washington,  in  October  1777,  urging  him  to  take  the 
lead  in  bringing  about  an  adjustment  of  the  dispute 
with  Great  Britain,  which  should  lead  to  a  reconcilia- 
tion with  a  return  to  the  old  allegiance.  It  is  highly 
probable  that,  if  she  did  not  do  this  in  ignorance  of 
the  contents  of  the  letter,  she  had  no  thought  of  doing 
any  injury  to  the  Patriot  cause — a  cause  to  which 
most,  if  not  all,  of  her  closest  friends  were  devoted. 

Her  husband,  Henry  Hugh  Fergusson,  was  in  Phil- 
adelphia at  this  time;  and  a  letter  from  him  to  her, 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 17  257 


258         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

given  among  the  papers  that  follow  in  this  notice, 
seems  to  warrant  the  belief  that  it  was  his  influence, 
either  exclusively  or  in  large  part,  that  induced  her 
to  be  the  bearer  of  the  letter  in  question.  He  was  not, 
at  this  time,  in  the  British  service  in  any  capacity 
whatever;  and,  according  to  his  wife's  statement  in 
her  Petition  [hereinafter  given]  to  the  Assembly  of 
Pennsylvania,  he  was  "  totally  unconnected  with  the 
British  army  as  to  service  or  appointment  until  the 
month  of  November  following  (1777),  when  he  was 
induced  to  accept  the  post  of  Commissary  of  Prison- 
ers/' 

For  many  years  afterwards,  and  until  she  received 
a  practical  exculpation  at  the  hands  of  the  Assembly 
of  Pennsylvania,  she  was  an  unhappy  sufferer  from 
the  consequences  of  a  thoughtless  act. 

In  the  year  1779  she  appealed  to  the  Council  of 
Pennsylvania  not  to  allow  the  sale  of  her  property — 
a  little  estate  left  her  in  fee  simple  by  her  father — in 
consequence  of  her  husband's  right  by  marriage;  but 
the  appeal  was  denied  and  the  estate  confiscated.  Re- 
doubling her  efforts  to  save  her  small  patrimony,  a 
host  of  influential  friends  came  to  her  assistance;  and 
in  1781  the  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania  exempted  her 
from  the  provisions  of  the  Act  passed  at  the  session 
of  1780,  directing  the  immediate  sale  of  all  confiscated 
estates.  As  she  says  in  her  Petition  praying  for  such 
exemption :  l  i  The  depriving  her  of  the  farm  is  at  once 
to  destroy  the  sole  support  of  one  who  will  not  be 
found  to  have  deserved  ill  at  their  [the  Assembly's] 
hands,  if  the  best  wishes,  the  most  uniform  declara- 
tions, and  the  constant  train  of  little  services  which 
her  sphere  of  action  has  enabled  her  to  perform  are 
of  any  avail  in  evincing  it. ' '  And  the  Act  itself  makes 
the  following  personal  reference  to  her:  "The  said 
Elizabeth  appears  to  have  acted  a  friendly  part  to  the 
cause  of  the  United  States  and  to  be  in  such  a  peculiar 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         259 

situation  as  to  deserve  the  protection  and  indulgence 
of  this  Commonwealth/' 

Her  staunchest  supporters,  in  her  efforts  to  save 
her  property  from  sale  as  the  confiscated  estate  of 
her  husband,  were  such  leading  patriots  as  James  Wil- 
son, Thomas  Mifflin,  George  Clymer,  Robert  Morris, 
John  Dickinson,  Thomas  FitzSimons,  Elias  Boudinot, 
and  many  others  of  distinction. 

The  chief  interest  in  the  letters  given  in  connection 
with  this  brief  foreword  pertains  to  those  relating  to 
her  love  affair  with  William  Franklin,  afterwards  Co- 
lonial Governor  of  New  Jersey.  His  letters,  taken  in 
connection  with  those  written  to  her  by  her  father  and 
mother  show  that,  after  a  strong  attachment  had  ex- 
isted between  them  for  several  years,  their  engage- 
ment was  suddenly  broken,  for  reasons  not  disclosed. 
The  cause  of  this  break  can  only  be  conjectured  from 
the  correspondence  that  is  given.  Her  father,  Dr. 
Thomas  Graeme,  writing  to  her  on  January  1,  1763, 
tells  her  that  in  time  she  will  "be  thankful  to  that  good 
Providence  that  would  not  admit  so  much  truth  and 
innocence  to  be  allayed  [allied]  to  so  deep  deceit  and 
light  vanity ;"  and  that,  when  reason  brings  her  back 
to  its  test,  she  "will  soon  discover  the  insidious  paths 
of  a  Deceiver  in  every  step  taken  since  that  person 
left  this  place. " 

Her  mother,  writing  to  her  on  December  3,  1762,  says 
her  father  thanked  God  she  had  escaped  him  (Frank- 
lin). The  plain  inference  is  that  Franklin,  separated 
from  her  by  his  visit  to  England,  had  been  thrown 
into  attractive  female  society  in  London,  and  that 
under  this  influence  his  affection  for  Miss  Graeme  had 
grown  cold,  another  fair  one  stepping  into 'the  place 
she  had  filled.  On  September  4,  1762,  a  few  days  after 
he  had  received  the  appointment  of  Governor  of  New 
Jersey,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Downes,  at 
St.  George's  Church,  Hanover  Square,  London. 


260         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

Very  different  was  the  effect  upon  Miss  Grasme  of 
the  breaking  of  the  ties  that  had  bound  her  to  Frank- 
lin. It  brought  her  great  distress  of  mind;  distress 
which,  during  a  struggle  of  several  years,  she  seems 
to  have  been  unable  to  overcome.  At  length  she 
yielded  to  persuasions  to  seek  a  complete  change  of 
scene  and  surroundings  as  a  cure  for  her  desponden- 
cies. 

Rev.  Richard  Peters,  the  rector  of  Christ  Church, 
and  a  personal  friend  of  hers  and  her  family,  invited 
her  to  accompany  him  on  a  lengthy  visit  to  England. 
She  accepted  the  invitation,  and  appears  to  have  had 
a  pleasant  sojourn  in  London  in  1764  and  1765,  and 
to  have  returned  to  America  in  the  latter  part  of  1765, 
much  improved  in  health  and  spirits. 

The  accompanying  papers  give  no  hint  of  the  cir- 
cumstances of  her  marriage  to  Mr.  Fergusson.  It  oc- 
curred at  Old  Swede's  Church  April  21,  1772. 

Her  separation  from  her  husband,  after  he  had  been 
attainted  and  proscribed  in  1778,  was  final ;  and  thence- 
forth, until  her  death  in  1801,  she  led  a  quiet  life  at 
Graeme  Park,  devoting  herself  to  offices  of  charity  and 
to  perfecting  her  translation  of  Fenelon's  "Tele- 
maque"  into  heroic  verse.1 

William  Franklin  to  Elizabeth  Grawie. 

Saturday  Morn*  \  after  9 
Thou  dear  Tormentor! 

Your  most  agreeable  vexatious  little  Billet  occasioned  me  more 
Pleasure  and  Uneasiness  than  I  chuse  to  oblige  you  with  the  Pain  of 
Hearing  at  present — Well,  but  about  these  plaugy  Parsons!  One,  yes- 
terday, you  say?  Yes; — but  pray  how  many  to  Day?  Nay,  How  many 
to-morrow?  Confound  'em  all,  I'd  like  to  have  said.  Sure  I  am,  that 
I  shall  no  longer  remain  a  Sceptic  to  the  opinion  of  many  wise  Men 
"that  the  Clergy  have  in  all  Ages  done  more  Mischief  than  Service  in 
the  World."  There's  only  one  Thing  in  their  Power  that  can  ever 

xHer  MS',  translation  of  the  Book  22,  112  pp.  is  preserved  among  the 
Gratz  Manuscripts,  Manuscript  Division,  Historical  Society  of  Penn- 
sylvania. 


ELIZABETH    FERGUSSON 

FROM    COPY    OF    MINIATURE    IN    THE    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 
OF    PENNSYLVANIA 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme.         261 

induce  me  to  change  this  Sentiment,  or  make  me  Amends  for  their 
past  Conduct.  Guess  what  that  one  Thing  is.  Didn't  I  fortell  that  I 
should  not  see  you  again  till  Monday;  and,  accordingly,  so  you,  or  my 
ill  Stars,  have  contriv'd  it.  Be  assur'd  that,  unless  you  find  some  Means 
to  prove  me  a  false  Prophet,  I  will — What  will  I?  Why  I  will,  that 
I  will — wish  you  had  a  W  I  L  L  of  your  own;  and  then  I  am  sure  it 
will  not  be  in  the  Power  of  either  D — Is  or  Parsons  to  keep  us  asunder — 

I  am  much  concern'd  that  your  dear  Mamma's  Indisposition  con- 
tinues. That  her  Recovery  may  be  speedy,  and  her  Days  of  long  and 
happy  Duration,  is  the  sincere  Prayer  of,  dear  Betsey, 

Your  affectionate 

Will.  Franklin 
Feb.  26,  1757 

P.S.  I  send  some  Worm-seed  for  Mrs.  Young's  Baby.  Couldn't  you 
contrive  to  give  some  to  the  Parsons?  Who  knows  but  it  might  worm 
them  out  of  the  House  ? 


William  Franklin  to  Elizabeth  Grwme. 

New- York  April  25,  1757. 

Is  this  possible!  Can  such  dire  Revenge  dwell  in  so  fair  a  Breast? 
Two  Posts,  and  three  Gentlemen,  from  Philad*  and  not  a  single  Iota 
from  my  Betsy!  all  this  too  for  accidentally  missing  one  Opportunity 
of  Writing! — But  I  won't  complain.  I  won't  mention  a  Syllable  of  my 
Uneasiness.  Should  she  know  what  I  suffer  it  would  only  serve  as  an 
additional  Motive  for  persevering  in  her  late  extraordinary  Conduct; 
and  afford  her  a  greater  Pleasure  than  she  is  intitled  to  receive  from 
my  Hands  at  present. 

Thanks  to  my  Stars  the  Post  is  just  agoing,  and  now  stands  at  my 
Elbow  impatiently  waiting  for  this  Letter.  I  might  otherwise,  perhaps, 
have  fill'd  the  whole  Sheet  with  earnest  Intreaties  that  you  would  once 
more  oblige  me  with  the  Pleasure  of  hearing  from  you.  But  as  That 
in  all  Probability  would  have  been  a  sufficient  Inducement  for  your 
not  writing  at  all,  remember  I  do  not  say  I  desire  you  to  send  one  Scrape 
of  a  Pen  to 

Your  too  fond 

Franklin 
To  Miss  Graeme 

William  Franklin  to  Elizabeth  Grceme. 

N.  York,  May  2,  1757. 
My  dear  Betsy. 

Immediately  upon  the  Receipt  of  the  Silken  Chain  you  were  so  kind 
as  to  send  me,  away  flew  the  Steel  one  I  before  had  in  possession.  Who 
is  the  Encroacher  now  Betsy?  Not  contented  with  having  bound  my 
Soul  to  you  by  indissolveable  Ties,  must  every  Moveable  about  me  also 
wear  your  Fetters?  But  harkee,  Madam;  Be  pleased  to  remember  that 


262         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergus  son,  nee  Graeme. 

since  you  have  thus  seiz'd  and  secur'd  the  only  Watch  I  ever  kept,  you 
ought,  in  Justice,  not  to  look  upon  me  as  accountable  for  any  future 
Movements. 

Instead  of  an  evil  Genius,  as  you  Mention,  guiding  my  Pen  to  distress 
you,  I  can  never  sit  down  to  write  to  my  Betsy,  but  some  evil  Genius 
or  other  is  at  my  Elbow  to  prevent  me.  I  was  just  agoing  to  tell  you 
how  rejoic'd  I  was  to  hear  of  your  Recovery,  when  in  comes  the  Ber- 
mudas Colonel,  talking,  dancing  and  singing  from  one  End  of  the 
Room  to  the  other,  and  swears  he  will  not  stir  till  I  dress  and  go  out 
with  him.  This  I  find  there  is  no  avoiding;  but  I  am  determined  to 
slip  him  presently,  and  search  for  Mrs.  Abercrombie,  who  I  am  told  is 
just  arriv'd  here  with  her  Husband.  I  shall  then  have  the  Pleasure  of 
talking  of  my  Betsy,  which  is  the  only  Thing  at  this  Distance  that  can 
compensate  for  the  Interruption  which  has  happen'd  to 

Your  affectionate 

Wm  Franklin. 
For  Miss  Grame. 

William  Franklin  to  Elizabeth  Grceme. 

New  York,  May  16,  1757 
My  dear  Betsy — 

You  know  by  this  Time  the  Reason  of  your  not  hearing  from  me  by 
one  of  last  Weeks  Posts.  Our  Stay  here  was  so  tedious  that  my 
Father  determined  upon  a  little  Excursion  in  the  Jerseys.  Our  Party 
consisted  of  some  Gentlemen  and  Ladies  of  this  Place,  and  my  Mother 
and  Sister,  who  had  come  to  Woodbridge  in  Expectation  of  spending 
a  few  Days  with  my  Father  before  his  Departure.  Our  Ride  was  to 
Newark,  Passayak  Falls,  and  to  Col.  Schuyler's  Copper  Mines.  The 
Face  of  the  Country,  its  many  Improvements,  the  Variety  of  romantic 
Prospects  which  almost  everywhere  abound  afforded  me  far  greater 
Pleasure  than  any  Thing  I  had  ever  seen  before.  Indeed  I  had  not  the 
least  Idea  that  Views  so  agreeably  enchanting  were  to  be  met  with  in 
America.  I  shall  not  attempt  a  Description  of  them.  'Tis  not  in  my 
power  to  do  them  Justice.  Besides,  I  propose  to  myself  an  infinite  deal 
of  Satisfaction  in  accompanying  you  thither  on  my  Return  from  Eng- 
land. I  a  Thousand  Times  wish'd  you  present,  and  fancied  to  myself 
the  Raptures  you  would  be  in,  and  the  Observations  you  would  make  on 
beholding  Scenes  so  delightful — Indeed,  Betsy,  you  need  be  under  no 
apprehensions  that  I  shall  ever  lose  my  Relish  for  Things  of  this  Nature. 
'Tis  true  my  Engagements  in  the  Busy  World  do  at  present  take  up 
a  great  Share  of  my  Attention,  but  the  Happiness  which  flows  from 
Retirement  and  a  Country  Life  is  the  main  Scope  of  all  my  Wishes.  If 
you  would  consider  what  a  Number  of  People  I  must  necessarily  cor- 
respond with  while  I  continue  engag'd  in  Publick  Business,  you  could 
not  but  excuse  my  Letters  being  Sometimes  rather  of  the  shortest.  If 
a  double  Portion  of  writing  has  fallen  to  your  Share,  be  pleased  to 
remember  you  have  also  more  than  a  double  Portion  of  Leisure.  As  it 


WILLIAM    FRANKLIN 

COPY    OF    ETCHING     BY    ALBERT    ROSENTHAL 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Gr&me.         263 

is,  however,  I  have  wrote  at  least  4  letters  to  you  for  one  that  I  have 
wrote  to  any  other  Person,  and  I  have  not  omitted  writing  to  you  but 
by  one  Post  since  my  Departure.  Be  assur'd,  my  dear  Betsy,  that  I 
want  not  the  strongest  Impulse  to  write  to  you  by  every  Opportunity; 
and  I  hope  you  will  do  me  the  Justice  to  believe  that  altho'  an 
Omission  may  sometimes  happen,  it  is  not  owing  to  any  Change  in  my 
Regard. 

I  can  scarce  forgive  your  not  coming  with  the  Miss  Willings.  If  you 
could  conceive  what  I  feel  by  being  detain'd  so  long  within  two  days 
Journey  of  you,  without  the  Power  of  paying  you  one  Visit,  least  the 
Pacquet  should  be  order'd  to  sail,  I  think  out  of  mere  Compassion  you 
would  not  have  miss'd  seeing  N.  York  when  so  convenient  opportunity 
offer'd.  I  have  just  heard  that  two  of  the  Pacquets  are  likely  to  sail 
this  Week.  We  shall  go  in  the  last.  My  best  Respects  to  our  good 
Mamma.  I  shall  write  to  her  before  I  go,  if  possible.  I  am,  dearest 
Betsy, 

Your  affectionate 

W.  Franklin 

P.S.  Please  to  let  me  know,  if  you  can,  the  occasion  of  the  Letter  to 
Dr.  Chandler  being  made  publick.  I  have  wrote  in  such  Haste  that  I 
don't  know  a  word  I've  said. 

William  Eranklin  to  Elizabeth  Graeme. 

London  Octr  24,  1758 
Madam — 

I  am  just  return'd  from  a  Tour  thro'  great  Part  of  the  Country  of 
England,  in  which  I  have  unexpectedly  been  absent  several  months.  I 
found  at  my  Lodgings,  among  other  Letters,  one  from  Miss  Graeme  of 
May  the  7th  in  Answer  to  mine  of  the  9th  of  December,  which  I  believe 
has  been  lying  there  many  Weeks,  owing  to  my  having  left  Orders  that 
none  should  be  forwarded  to  me,  as  it  was  very  uncertain  where  I  should 
be  from  time  to  time,  and  they  might  possibly  miscarry. 

From  frequent  observations  on  the  Uncertainty  of  Human  Affairs,  I 
thought  I  had  acquir'd  a  Habit  of  not  being  surpriz'd  at  any  Thing, 
however  unexpected.  But  the  Perusal  of  that  Letter  soon  convinc'd  me 
that  all  my  boasted  Fortitude  was  purely  imaginary.  I  flew  to  the 
well  known  superscription  with  an  Eagerness  scarcely  equal'd  [great 
as  it  is]  by  That  of  a  fond  Mother  flying  to  the  Relief  of  her  distress'd 
Infant.  But  how  shall  I  paint  my  Situation,  how  describe  my  Dis- 
appointment, when,  instead  of  a  Continuance  of  kind  affectionate  Dec- 
larations, I  found  it  fill'd  with  harsh  and  cruel  Reflections! — Reflections, 
which,  I  believe,  her  most  partial  Friends  cannot  say  that  such  a  letter 
as  mine  could  occasion  or  deserve. 

Some  Reproof  for  my  seeming  Neglect  of  writing  I  acknowledge  I 
merited.  It  would  have  even  afforded  me  a  kind  of  Pleasure  to  have 
been  a  little  roughly  handled  on  that  Point.  I  should  have  look'd  upon 
it  as  a  corroborating  Circumstance  of  her  Regard.  I  call  it  a  seeming 


264         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Gr&me. 

Neglect,  for  in  Reality  it  was  no  other.  I  was  ever  a  bad  Correspondent: 
England  has  made  me  much  more  so;  and  I  believe  has  generally  the 
same  Effect  upon  young  Strangers.  Scarce  a  Letter  have  I  receiv'd  from 
America  but  what  contains  Complaints  against  me  on  that  Head.  To 
none  other  than  Miss  G.  have  I  wrote  when  Business  of  some  sort  or 
other  did  not  necessarily  oblige  me.  One  of  my  Friends  has  considered 
this  Conduct  of  mine  in  its  proper  Light.  After  telling  me  "Some  took 
it  amiss  that  I  had  only  wrote .  a  few  Lines  to  them,  when  they  had 
wrote  so  many  very  long  Letters  to  me,"  he  says,  "I  know  London  is  a 
very  bad  Place  to  write  in,  it  being  so  hard  to  spare  Time  from  the 
innumerable  Pleasures  and  Allurements  that  surround  one;  therefore  I 
can  excuse  you  more  readily  perhaps  than  those  who  were  never  there. 
And  altho'  Nobody  receives  a  Line  from  you  with  greater  Joy  than 
myself,  yet  I  had  rather  forego  that  Satisfaction  than  you  should  lose 
a  Friend  or  any  interesting  Intelligence  from  Pennsylvania."  These  are 
Sentiments  dictated  by  Friendship  only.  Love,  one  would  tnink,  might 
at  least  have  shown  as  much  Indulgence.  But  how  great  the  Reverse! 
In  my  Letter  [to  which  hers  is  an  Answer]  I  very  amply  set  forth  my 
Situation  with  regard  to  writing,  apologiz'd  for  not  having  wrote 
oftener,  and  beg'd  some  Allowance  might  be  made  for  my  future  Conduct 
in  that  respect.  Yet,  notwithstanding  she  must  be  fully  sensible  from  the 
whole  Tenor  of  that  Letter,  that  my  Affection  was  in  no  wise  Abated, 
she  makes  it,  or  would  seem  to  make  it,  a  sufficient  Foundation  for 
concluding  my  Love  for  her  was  changed;  and  for  accusing  me  of  "want 
of  Generosity  in  not  having  frankly  told  her  that  my  own  Levity  of 
Temper,  or  my  Father's  Schemes,  or  my  Attachment  to  a  Party,  pre- 
vented my  persevering  in  the  tender  Passion  that  I  had  professed."  Had 
this  really  been  the  Case,  she  should  have  had  no  Cause  for  such  an 
Accusation.  But  she  must,  she  cannot  but  know  the  contrary.  This 
Charge  therefore  can  only  be  introduc'd  to  justify  that  entire  Change 
of  Sentiments  in  herself,  which  appears  throughout  all  her  Letter.  If 
the  Regard  she  once  acknowledg'd  for  me  was  not  wholly  obliterated, 
could  she  have  told  me  that  "she  is  not  of  that  humble  nay  abject  Temper 
which  she  must  be,  could  she  look  upon  me  as  the  Person  that  was  to 
share  her  Pains  and  Pleasures  during  her  future  Life?"  Could  she  to 
me  have  call'd  the  Man,  whom  she  knew  to  be  next  her  in  my  heart,  "a 
collection  of  Party  Malice"?  Or  could  she,  after  determining  me  to  be 
"in  every  Point"  a  strong  Party  Man,  tell  me  "that  neither  the  Judg- 
ment or  Morals  of  a  Person  can  be  pure  when  he  is  that  in  the  "full 
Extent  of  the  Word"?  No,  she  could  not.  It  is  impossible  for  Love  to 
harbour  such  Thoughts,  or  dictate  such  Expressions.  There  can  be  no 
Remains  of  Affection  where  they  appear.  But,  good  G — d!  where  was 
the  Necessity  of  this  harsh  Treatment?  If  "Time  [as  she  says]  had 
shewn  her  it  would  be  Folly,  nay  Madness,  to  think  of  running  all 
Risques  with  me,"  would  not  her  plainly  and  candidly  telling  me  so 
have  been  alone  sufficient?  We  were  not  engag'd  to  each  other  at  all 
events.  On  the  contrary  we  mutually  promis'd  that  in  case  of  any 
Change  of  Sentiment,  or  that  either  should  think  the  Obstacles  to  our 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         265 

propos'd  Happiness  insurmountable,  to  give  immediate  Notice  of  such 
Change  or  Opinion.  Its  true,  as  Mrs.  G.  was  so  condescending  as  to 
say  she  would  consent  to  her  Daughter's  waiting  for  one  Twelve  month 
to  see  if  Matters  could  be  settled  agreeable  to  our  Inclinations,  I  look'd 
upon  myself  as  engag'd  to  her  during  that  Time;  and  no  Consideration 
on  Earth  should  have  induc'd  me  to  think  of  marrying  another — Nor 
do  I  believe  that,  as  long  as  she  remain'd  single,  and  I  had  Reason  to 
think  her  Affection  for  me  continu'd,  aught  but  dire  Necessity  would 
have  suffer'd  me  to  entertain  the  least  Thought  of  giving  myself  to  any 
other  Woman — 

I  find,  however,  Nothing  in  myself  of  the  Disposition  of  the  fabled 
Dog  in  the  Manger.  To  see  her  happy  with  another  would  give  me 
more  Pleasure  than  not  to  see  her  happy.  I  have  not  therefore,  even 
to  my  most  intimate  Acquaintance,  even  mentioned  that  there  was  any 
Thing  particular  between  us,  lest  by  being  known  it  might  in  some 
Measure  have  prevented  her  having  Offers  to  her  Advantage.  And  I 
was  determin'd  that  as  soon  as  I  saw  there  was  little  or  no  Likelihood 
of  our  coming  together,  I  would  acquaint  her  with  it  immediately,  lest 
she  might  be  prevented  from  accepting  of  those  Offers. 

It  has  been  my  constant  Wish  and  Endeavour  ever  since  my  Arrival 
to  have  our  public  Differences  conciliated.  I  look'd  upon  them  as  the 
Bane  of  my  future  Happiness  as  well  as  that  of  my  Country.  Even  the 
Paper  I  printed  in  the  Citizen,  which  seems  to  have  given  her  so  much 
Displeasure,  was  partly  wrote  with  that  View.  I  was  in  Hopes  when 
the  Proprietors  found  that  the  little  dirty  Aspersions  they  were  con- 
tinually publishing  were  once  fully  answered  and  expos'd,  and  they 
could  not  avail  themselves  any  farther  of  such  low  contemptible  Arts, 
they  would  be  the  more  readily  inclin'd  to  listen  to  Proposals  for  a 
friendly  Adjustment  of  the  Matters  in  Dispute.  And  till  of  late  I 
really  flattered  myself  that  our  Difficulties  were  not  so  great  but  that 
they  might  be  got  over.  Now,  indeed,  I  cannot  say  there  is  the  least 
Prospect  they  ever  will.  The  Proprietors  Behaviour  in  the  Affair  of 
Moore  &  Smith,  wherein  they  publickly  abetted  that  Attack  upon  the 
Privileges  of  the  Assembly,  and  their  conduct  since  that  Time,  having 
I  find  made  my  Father  lay  aside  all  Thoughts  of  an  amicable  Accommo- 
dation. Of  this  disagreeable  Situation  of  Affairs  I  should  by  this  Vessel 
have  inform'd  Miss  G.  agreeable  to  my  promise,  and  have  endeavour'd 
to  persuade  her  to  forget  the  Man  who  in  all  Probability  could  never 
have  it  in  his  Power  to  be  so  happy  as  to  contribute  to  her  Happiness. 
That,  however,  it  seems  is  now  unnecessary;  and  I,  only  I,  have  to 
learn  Forgetfulness. 

No  one  can  more  readily  excuse  this  change  in  Miss  G.  than  myself. 
That  same  Time  she  speaks  of  is  to  be  sure  a  wonderful  Worker  of  such 
Alterations.  My  Apprehensions  of  this  made  me,  before  I  left  America, 
wish  and  press  to  put  it  out  of  his  Power  to  have  that  Effect  on  either 
of  us.  I  knew  if  we  were  once  united  we  should  never  indulge  a  Thought 
of  any  beside.  Being  separate  we  were  liable  to  have  some  Ignis  Fatnus 
or  other  lead  our  Affections  astray.  From  my  opinion  of  the  Parity 


266         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme. 

of  our  Tempers  and  Dispositions  I  believ'd  it  impossible  that  I  could 
be  happier  with  another,  and  I  was  not  willing  to  run  the  Risque  of 
being  less  happy.  'Twas  therefore  that  I  would  have  guarded  against 
all  Accidents  by  being  privately  marry M.  This,  however,  was  objected 
to  as  improper,  and  I  was  told  that  it  was  best  to  defer  every  Thing  of 
that  Kind  till  I  return'd  from  England,  when  perhaps  Affairs  might 
be  so  settled  as  not  to  need  such  a  Procedure.  I  acquiesc'd,  but  withal 
could  not  help  mentioning  my  Fears  of  what  might  happen.  It  was 
then  said  that  I  need  be  under  no  Apprehensions,  that  her  Regard  for 
me  could  by  either  Time  or  Absence  be  set  aside  or  diminished.  I  at 
length  began  to  please  myself  with  the  Thoughts  that  this  might  be 
the  case.  As  I  knew  her  superior  to  most  of  her  S'ex  in  many  other 
Respects,  I  imagin'd  she  might  be  in  this  likewise. 

It  is,  perhaps,  natural  for  Persons  at  her  Time  of  Life  to  be  more 
susceptible  of  the  tender  Passion  of  Love  than  those  of  more  advanc'd 
years;  and  that  very  Susceptibility  may  prevent  those  soft  Im- 
pressions having  any  long  Duration.  What  are  caus'd  by  one  object, 
it  may  be,  are  then  easily  to  be  effac'd  by  another.  I,  perhaps,  altho* 
but  a  few  years  older,  may  have  reach'd  that  Stage  which,  tho'  not  quite 
so  liable  to  receive  those  Impressions,  may  yet  retain  them  longer  when 
once  receiv'd.  How  this  may  be  I  won't  undertake  to  determine.  But 
I  am  at  a  Loss  otherwise  to  account  for  so  great  an  Alteration  in  her 
and  none  in  myself.  For  not  only  Time  and  Absence,  but  an  infinite 
Variety  of  new  Objects,  have  fallen  to  my  Share  without  producing  this 
Effect. 

But  tho'  the  Slightness  of  the  Foundation  I  built  upon  is  now  fully 
disco ver'd,  I  am  far  from  blaming  her  on  that  Account.  If  I  take  any 
Thing  amiss,  it  is  the  Manner,  not  the  cause,  of  my  Dismission.  Me- 
thinks  I  was  intitled  to  a  civil  one  at  least.  Invective  can  surely  add 
no  Dignity  to  her  Character.  As  humble  and  abject  as  she  would  now 
look  upon  herself,  should  she  take  me  for  her  Partner  in  Life,  there  was 
a  Time  I  believe  when  you  knew  she  thought  otherwise.  As  much 
Malice  as  she  may  think  my  Friend  possesses,  I  know  him  to  have  more 
Delicacy  of  Sentiment  than  to  speak  so  disrespectfully  to  me  of  any 
one  for  whom  he  had  Reason  to  think  I  had  a  particular  personal 
Esteem.  As  greatly  "vitiated"  as  she  may  deem  my  Judgment  and 
Morals,  I  had  never  so  much  reason  to  call  the  Goodness  of  the  latter 
in  question,  as  I  now  have  to  call  That  of  the  former.  I  before  judg*d 

it  impossible  that  she,  of  all  women,  could  have  descended  to  

Even  now  [so  bad  may  be  my  Judgment]  I  cannot  help  thinking,  not- 
withstanding I  have  been  honour'd  here  with  an  Intimacy  with  several 
Ladies  of  distinguish'd  Rank  and  Merit,  that  she  excells  them  all  in 
many  amiable  Qualities.  But  perhaps  I  am  wrong  in  finding  Fault  with 
her  Behaviour  in  this  Respect.  Might  she  not  [as,  of  all  situations,  Lov- 
ing where  one  is  not  beloved  is  the  most  grievous]  out  of  mere  Humanity 
put  on  an  Appearance  so  very  different  from  her  natural  Sweetness  of 
Disposition;  thinking  that  when  I  found  what  principally  attracted  me 
had  fled  its  usual  Habitation,  my  Love  would  not  long  remain  behind? 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         267 

If  this  was  her  Motive,  Gratitude  alone  gives  her  a  Right  to  my  most 
cordial  Thanks.  She  could  not  indeed  have  fall'n  upon  a  more  effectual 
Method  of  bringing  me  to  the  same  State  of  Indifference  with  herself. 

Sometimes  I  imagine  that  she  may  have  been  prompted  by  her  Friends 
to  treat  me  in  this  Manner.  But  when  I  consider  the  repeated  Acts  of 
Civility  I  have  received  from  them  all,  particularly  from  that  best  of 
Women  Mrs.  G.  I  cannot  suffer  such  a  Thought  to  continue.  Be  it 
as  it  will,  there  were  certainly  Prudential  Considerations  enough  to  be 
offered  in  Excuse  for  her  not  persevering  in  the  Passion  she  profess'd, 
without  her  deviating  so  far  from  her  accustom'd  Politeness.  So  great 
is  my  Vanity,  I  cannot  think  it  would  have  lessen'd  her  too  much  to 
have  permitted  me  the  Satisfaction  of  looking  upon  her  as  a  Friend, 
when  she  could  no  longer  look  upon  me  in  a  Light  more  tender. 

The  contemptuous  Reception  she  gave  a  small  Present  I  sent  her, 
particularly  the  Muff  and  Tippet,  which,  tho'  worn  by  People  of  the 
first  Fashion  in  England,  she  sneeringly  treats  as  a  "gawdy  Gewgaw" 
must  be  owing,  I  suppose,  either  to  her  being  anxious  to  take  all 
opportunities  of  shewing  I  held  not  the  least  Remains  in  her  Esteem, 
or  that  she  thinks  it  somewhat  presumptuous  in  me  to  make  her  any 
Present  at  all.  As  to  the  latter,  I  could  not  think  I  acted  amiss  as  I 
had,  before  I  left  N.  York,  receiv'd  a  Present  from  her  of  a  Silken 
Watch-String  of  her  own  Weaving.  In  the  Light,  therefore,  of  common 
Exchange  of  Civilities,  she  was  intitled  to  Something  from  me  in  Return. 
But  I  must  confess  I  had  a  tenderer  Motive  for  sending  her  a  Muff. 
As  she  was  often  pleas'd  to  liken  me  to  Tom  Jones,  and  express  herself 
much  delighted  with  the  Story  of  Sophia's  Muff  mentioned  in  that 
Novel,  I  could  not  help  flattering  myself  that  This  might,  in  the 
same  Manner,  tend  to  raise  or  keep  alive  some  Soft  Emotions  in  my 
Favour.  But  now,  alas,  I  see  there  is  no  intrinsic  Merit  in  a  Muff. 
It  can  have  no  avail  where  a  Sophia's  Breast  is  wanting.  .  .2 

Margaret  Abercrombie  to  Ann  Grceme.8 

Dearest  Madam 

This  morning  I  received  a  very  long  Epistle  from  Mr  Franklin  and 
as  the  whole  purpurt  of  it  is  reletive  to  Dear  Miss  Greeme  wrote  with 
a  Desige  to  be  Communicated  I  would  have  waited  on  you  with  it  But 
my  Presant  Situation  of  affairs  you  are  already  acquainted  Dear  madam 
wont  admit  off  my  being  from  home  Therefore  must  beg  youll  Excuse 

2  The  remainder  of  the  letter  is  missing.  The  man  whom  he  speaks 
of  as  being  "next  her  in  my  heart,"  was,  according  to. a  memorandum 
(on  the  letter),  in  Miss  Graeme's  handwriting,  Joseph  Galloway. 

8  Margaret  Abercrombie  was  wife  of  Capt.  James  Abercrombie;  she 
married  2d  Charles  Stedman,  whose  first  wife  was  Anne,  a  sister  of 
Mrs.  Fergusson. 

Ann  (Diggs)  Grceme,  wife  of  Dr.  Thomas  Graeme,  parents  of  Mrs. 
Ferguraon. 


268         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

my  Defficiancey  in  that  point  of  Kespect  which  I  am  Sensible  is  Due 
to  you  &  desire  if  agreeable  to  See  you  here  as  the  Contents  will  remain 
in  Secret  til  I  have  your  Orders  &  Opinion  on  the  Sentiments.  After 
apoligizing  for  giving  you  this  trouble  allow  me  the  honour  off  Assuring 
you  Dearest  Madam  that  I  am  with  all  imaginable  Esteem  &  Respect 
Your  most  Sincere 

friend  &  Obed*  Hble  Serv* 

Marg*  Abercrombie 
April  ye  4.  1759. 

[In  handwriting  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson.] 

Recvd  the  day  2  yrs  I  parted  with  Mr  Franklin. 

E.   Fr. 

Eliza  Stedman  to  Elizabeth  Grceme. 

Graeme  Park  August  21st  1761. 
My  Dear  Miss  Betsy 

You  Should  take  care  not  to  raise  my  vanity  too  much  as  it  may  be 
very  troublesome  to  you  and  often  take  up  your  time  to  Little  pur- 
pose but  I  am  very  much  obliged  to  Miss  Graeme  for  Encourrising  me 
Still  to  write  on  and  will  only  beg  her  with  pations  to  take  the  Con- 
sequences. I  was  extremely  Sorry  when  I  heard  Mr  Willing  was  so  ill 
as  to  prevent  there  coming  up  he  would  be  a  great  Loss  indeed  to  that 
Fammily  and  poor  Miss  Nancey  I  know  not  what  would  become  of  her 
but  I  hope  he  will  git  better  and  that  Soon  for  all  there  Sakes. 

My  Aunt  desiers  me  to  Let  you  know  that  She  does  not  intend  to  go 
to  Bethlaham  this  Year  as  my  Aunt  Sandy  Stedman  cant  go  I  hope  I 
need  not  Say  how  glad  we  Shall  be  to  See  you  here  and  as  Soon  as 
aggreable  to  your  Self,  to  Say  more  would  imply  a  doubt  of  your  Word 
all  thoe  My  Aunt  can  hardly  be  perswad  you  intend  it.  the  Weather 
has  been  very  warm  here  notwithstanding  I  have  been  obliged  to  Sit 
down  every  night  to  the  card  table  it  has  been  Some  comfort  to  me  that 
the  doctor  is  a  coming  up  as  he  will  be  a  releafe  to  me  but  dont,  imagine 
thats  the  only  reason  I  should  be  glad  to  See  him  for.  I  hope  Mrs 
Graeme  continues  to  mend  in  health  My  Respectfull  Compliments 
attends  her.  Please  to  remember  me  kindly  to  the  Children  and  this 
concludes  me  your  obliged 

humble  Servent  and  Sincere 
Friend 

Eliza  Stedman. 

Eliza  Stedman  to  Elizabeth  Grceme. 

Graeme  Park,  August  7th  1762 
My  Dear  Miss  Graeme 

I  am  just  returned  from  waiting  on  Mrs  Campbell  part  of  Her  way 
home  after  a  most  agreable  weak  wich  wanted  nothing  to  render  it 
Compleatly  happy  but  the  addistion  of  Your  Company  wich  has  been 
often  wish'd  for  but  there  are  Seldom  pleasurs  with  an  alloy  and  its 


*M 


ANN    GR/EME 


Mrs.  Elisabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme.         269 

best  to  conclude  with  Mr.  Pope  that  what  ever  is — is  right  I  was 
extreamly  Pleased  Yesterday  to  hear  by  Mr.  Hopkinson  You  whare  so 
much  better  but  am  under  some  apprehentious  Least  these  fine  Even- 
ings Should  tempt  You  to  ramble  in  the  Garden  too  much  for  the 
delicacy  of  Your  Constitution  but  I  will  not  Preach  on  so  disagreable 
a  Subject  as  Self  denial  and  more  especially  as  I  cannot  Set  an  Example. 
I  find  you  have  heard  from  Mr  Fenwick  I  pity  him  from  my  heart  the 
Shock  must  have  been  very  great  on  finding  his  Mother  dead  He 
appeared  to  be  very  Affectionate  and  proposed  much  pleasure  in  Seeing 
his  Mother  and  to  be  so  disopointed  was  very  hard  that  it  may  be  Long 
before  You  meet  with  anything  of  the  like  nature  is  the  ardent  wish  of 

Your 

Eliza  Stedman. 

Mrs.  Graeme  desiers  if  you  can  Spare  your  Maid  to  Let  her  come  up 
to  Graeme  Park  when  Mr  Young  comes  to  town  She  can  have  Your 
horse  to  ride  as  I  suppose  it  will  not  be  wanted  after  His  return  the 
Saddel  is  in  the  Chaise  house  and  the  bridel  and  the  rest  o  [torn]  is 
in  the  wash  house  in  a  Chest. 

Mrs.  Ann  Graeme  to  Elizabeth  Groeme. 
My  Dear  Child 

Since  You  went  I  have  employ'd  my  self  in  the  reading  Your  long 
Letter,  in  which  You  have  pictured  Your  Scituation  in  a  most  Lively, 
just,  and  proper  manner.  God  knows  my  Poor  heart,  and  Consience, 
can  sorely  witness  to  the  truth  of  every  word,  I  showed  itt  to  your 
Papa,  who  read  itt  with  Tears  runnig  down  his  Cheeks  in  streams,  he 
than'd  God  you  escap'd  him.  for  had  be  come  here  single,  he  might  have 
been  influenced  by  his  Character,  his  Father,  his  Conscience,  to  desire 
You  and  that  ardently  too,  and  he  (Your  Papa)  would  have  consented 
in  complyance  to  Your  desire,  but  said  he  was  sure  a  Man  who  could 
treat  You  as  he  had  done  would  render  You  very  miserable  in  a  short 
time,  he  admired  at,  but  did  not  disaprove,  of  Your  Resolution  in 
writing  and  delivering  it  by  Your  self,  he  would  not  doubt  but  the 
same  fortitude  which  has  bore  you  out  so  well  through  this  whole 
affair  will  in  a  little  time  show  every  thing  in  its  proper  light  and 
consequently  so  compose  Your  Mind  to  think  as  he  does.  But  endeed 
my  Dear  it  is  not  your  own  strength  which  has  brought  you  so  far 
through  this  teadious,  and  perplexing  affair,  if  you  think  it  is,  you  do 
not  know  your  self,  for  who  gave  you  that  Ingenious  and  discerning 
spirit,  which  I  have  so  often  upon  my  knees,  with  Tears  of  joy,  re- 
turned thanks  to  the  Divine  Author  for,  no,  no  my  Dear  we  should 
run  into  all  manner  of  Vice  and  Folly,  were  we  left  to  our  selves,  for 
we  have  seeds  in  us  that  will  grow  up  to  bad,  unless  asisted  by  Grace, 
added  to  our  own  desires,  and  endeavors,  to  root  them  out,  and  it  has 
been  a  sensible  support  to  me  thro'ut  this  whole  affair  that  You  were 
conducted  throuh  it  with  such  Prudence  and  Temper;  because  I  al- 
ways looked  on  it  as  a  visible  mark  of  the  Divine  Protection  of  You, 


270         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme. 

and  I  am  very  sure  it  will  be  always  continued  if  you  submit  your  will 
to  his,  who  is  Your  supream  Lord  and  Governor,  My  Dear  this  is  not 
common  place;  or  religious  Cant,  but  my  fixed  Opinion,  after  a  long 
consideration,  and  many  Instances,  both  towards  my  self  and  others,  I 
confessed  I  was  extreamly  surprized  and  shocked  when  my  Child  told  me 
she  did  not  beleive  a  directing  hand  towards  Individuals  in  there 
triffling  events,  how  such  a  thought  could  take  place  in  a  mind  so  well 
acquainted  with  the  Scripture  and  beleives  them  as  they  are  so  very 
full  and  clear  to  the  contrary,  I  wonder  at.  I  shall  quote  but  two, 
one  out  of  the  Old  and  the  other  out  of  the  New  Testament,  because  I 
might  as  well  attempt  to  transcribe  the  whole  Bible  as  to  enumerate 
texts  to  this  purpose,  but  if  there  were  none  but  these;  they  are  so 
clear  and  full  that  they  alone  are  sufficient  to  beat  down  all  con- 
tradiction King  David  in  the  55  Psalm  ve8  23,  0,  cast  thy  burden  upon 
the  Lord,  and  he  shall  nourish  thee,  and  shall  not  suffer  the  righteous 
to  fall  for  ever,  endeed  most  part  of  that  Psalm,  as  well  as  many 
others  is  extreemly  applicable  to  Your  case. 

the  other  is,  that  most  tender  and  Affectionate  invitation  of  our 
Lords  to  those  who  beleive  he  Died  for  them,  and  rest  on  his  Merrits. 
Come  unto  me  all  ye  that  are  weary  and  heavy  Laden  and  I  will  give 
rest,  take  my  Yoke  upon  you.  for  my  Yoke  is  easy  and  my  burden 
is  light,  light  endeed  because  it  lightens  every  other  burden,  by  pressing 
down  those  passions  which  adds  weight  to  every  burden. 

but  on  recolection  I  know  when  the  mind  is  under  any  great  pressure 
we  think  our  selves  out  of  any  bodies  notice,  and  much  more  below  that 
of  the  Supreem  being. 

but  this  is  only  owing  to  our  narrow  conceptions,  who  cannot  compre- 
hend how  he  regards  the  whole  of  his  works  at  one  veiw,  and  that  his 
mercy  extends  to  all  his  works,  as  Mr  Addison  sets  forth  most  clearly 
in  the  paper  I  gave  you  to  read;  and  as  I  know  he  is  very  justly  a 
favorite  Author,  I  have  Transcribed  another  Papar  of  his  for  Your 
consideration. 

You  say  I  look  grave  and  am  uneasy,  but  my  Dear  Bettzy  can  I  be 
other-wise  when  I  see  Your  heart  torn  to  peices  by  so  many  different 
emotions,  if  I  am  so  happy  as  to  see  You  regain  Your  Natural  Serenity, 
you  will  find  I  shall  be  very  chearful,  for  I  am  very  sure  I  can  meet 
with  nothing  that  will  effect  me  like  what  I  feel  for  You,  but  it  is  not 
the  cause  but  the  efect  I  greive  for. 

I  was  Yesterday  to  Visit  at  the  House,  the  Gentleman  was  not  at 
home  above  half  an  hour  before  I  came  away,  and  the  Lady  too  Polite 
to  thro  out  any  thing,  no  not  the  least  hint  which  should  lead  me 
into  any  part  of  the  Affair;  in  the  most  distant  manner.  Which  I  was 
extreamly  glad  of;  because  I  firmly  resolved  not  to  be  at  all  led  into 
without  an  extreem  necessty  She  asked  when  You  would  be  in  Town. 
I  told  I  did  not  know  because,  as  you  had  been  a  great  while  going,  Mr" 
Campel,  who  is  very  fond  of  you;  I  supposed  will  detain  you  as  long  as 
She  could,  which  was  all  that  passed  in  regard  to  you,  we  appeared  to 
have  a  very  easy  afternoon,  and  after  desiring  a  tune  on  the  Harmonica ; 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme.         271 

we  parted  with  great  ease,  and  Politeness  on  all  sides,  so  you  see  he  is 
at  full  liberty  to  act  towards  you  as  he  thinks  fitt.  but  how  did  I  feel 
while  he  was  playing  and  I  by  his  Chair,  to  know  You  had  been  there 
in  such  perturbation  of  mind  as  you  must  have  had  on  that  occasion. 

I  had  come  just  so  far  in  this,  when  I  was  called  to  Mp  Duchee,  who 
came  in  ye  Sepr  Packet ;  was  put  a  shore  on  stratton  Island ;  and  arived 
at  his  own  house  the  second  day  of  ye  fair,  according  to  his  Wife's 
expectation;  he  is  very  well,  desires  his  best  regards  to  You,  he  was 
but  six  days  in  London,  every  one  of  which,  some  part  or  other  he  and 
Mr  Woodham  spent  together,  he  says  he  beleives  it  was  to  be  at  Liberty 
to  talk  of  his  Friends  here;  for  that  was  the  whole  Topick  of  their  Con- 
versation. Mr  W — m  had  a  most  disagreeable  passage,  as  to  ship, 
Company,  and  weather,  but  very  good  health,  and  so  he  left  him,  but 
very  dull  longing  to  return,  he  gave  his  Letters  to  M*  D — ee,  which 
being  a  very  large  Pacquet  he  was  Obliged  to  put  them  in  his  Chest, 
it  not  being  yet  come,  I  suppose  You  will  not  have  them  this  Boat,  Mr 
Young  is  very  angry  at  it;  because  Friend  goes  on  Sunday. 

You  know  You  have  the  Tender  Affections  and  good  wishe  of  all  here, 
and  we  join  in  Comptg  to  Your  good  Landlady  and  Family.  I  have  sent 
the  Sweetmeats  &c.  You  arc  my  Dear  never  one  moment  out  of  my 
thoughts,  I  pray  incessantly  for  composure  of  Your  Mind,  (which  I 
know  can-not  be,  till  You  have  attain'd  an  entire  submission  to  the 
Divine  Will.)  which  I  hope  you  will  soon  feell  to  the  great  joy  of  her 
who  can  know  no  Peace,  while  You  want  itt;  being  in  the  utmost  extent 
of  the  words  My  Dearest  Child  • 

Tenderly,  and  Affectionatly  Your 
Decemb'  3d  1762.  A.  Grame 

What  can  the  Man  fear,  who  takes  care  in  all  his  Actions  to  please 
a  Being  that  is  Omipotent?  A  Being  who  is  able  to  crush  all  his  Ad- 
versaries? A  Being  that  can  divert  any  Misfortun  from  befalling  him, 
or  turn  any  such  Misfortune  to  his  Advantage  The  Person  who  lives 
with  this  constant  and  habitual  regard  to  the  great  Superintendent 
of  the  World,  is  indeed  sure  that  no  real  Evil  can  come  into  his  Lot. 
Blessings  may  appear  under  the  Shape  of  Pains,  Losses,  and  Dissappoint- 
ments.  but  let  him  have  Patience,  and  he  will  see  them  in  their  proper 
Figures,  Dangers  may  threaten  him,  but  he  may  rest  satisfied  that  they 
will  either  not  reach  him,  or  that  if  they  do,  they  will  be  the  Instru- 
ments of  Good  to  him.  In  short,  he  may  look  upon  all  Crosses  and 
Accidents,  Sufferings  and  Afflictions,  as  Means  which  are  made  use  of 
to  bring  him  to  Happiness.  This  is  even  the  worst  of  that  Man's 
Condition  whose  Mind  is  posessed  with  habitual  Fear  I  am  speaking  of. 
But  it  very  often  happens,  that  those  which  are  Evils  in  our  own  Eyes, 
appear  also  as  such  to  him  who  has  Human  Nature  under  his  Care,  in 
which  Case  they  are  Certainly  averted  from  the  Person  who  has  made 
himself,  by  this  Virtue,  an  Object  of  Divine  Favor,  Histories  are  full 
of  Instances  of  this  Nature,  where  Men  of  Virtue  have  had  extraordiry 
escapes  out  of  such  Dangers  as  have  inclosed  them,  and  which  have 
seemed  inevitable.  Guar*11  Vol  2  11 ».  1.1.7. 


272         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

Pray.  Read  this,  and  Apply  it  for  none  can  have  a  better  Title  to 
than  you  who  have  made  this  Your  Study,  and  Practise  from  Your 
Infancy.  A.  G. 

[Note  in  handwriting  of  Mrs.  Fergusson.] 

"Letter  Relative  to  my  Breaking  with  Mr  W.  Franklin,  1762." 

Dr.  Thomas  Grceme  to  Elizabeth  Grceme. 

Bettsey  my  Dear 

I  perceive  by  a  Paragraph  in  your  Mamas  Letter  that  during  this 
Recess  from  us  and  the  Town  you  expected  to  have  heard  from  your 
Papa.  Tis  true  I  think  your  expectations  were  not  unreasonably 
grownded.  You  have  had  exchanges  of  Correspondance  with  your  Mama 
and  other  friends  which  in  some  measure  supplyd  my  Remisness.  This 
is  the  most  I  can  say  for  not  so  immediately  corresponding  with  a  Child 
so  Dear  to  me  and  who  is  allways  in  my  thoughts.  But  to  tell  you  the 
truth,  I  could  not  well  write  to  you  without  hinting  to  you  the  extreme 
anxiety  I  was  under  considering  the  present  situation  of  your  mind. 
This  very  thing  may  be  urged  as  an  argument  against  me,  and  it  may 
be  so,  yet  there  is  a  certain  unwillingness  or  a  delicacy  that  opposes  its 
self  to  ones  inclinations  contrary  to  what  ought  to  be  done,  and  what 
one  by  this  reason  ought  to  overcome.  This  my  Dear  Bettsey  is  my 
precise  case. 

Im  not  my  Dear  Child  a  Stranger  to  those  letters  sent  you  from 
Town  nor  to  your  dutifull  Kind  and  discreet  answers,  particularly  one 
sent  you  from  an  extraordinary  Quarter,  which  I  think  breaths  all  the 
integrity  that  should  accompany  sincerity  and  truth,  and  with  all  a 
Complysance  and  I  may  say  a  Veneration  for  you  which  can  not  be  well 
ffeignd.  This  conduct  in  so  able  a  Master  in  the  knowledge  of  human 
Nature  could  not  fail  of  soothing  and  softening  you  under  your  dis- 
appointed Innocence,  yet  Im  far  from  concluding  it  would  accomplish 
a  Cure.  That  must  be  left  to  time,  the  power  your  reason  has  over 
all  your  thoughts  and  inclinations,  joined  with  the  Sympathy  your 
friends  partake  with  you.  But  above  all  when  reason  brings  you  back 
to  its  Test,  youl  soon  discover  the  Insidious  paths  of  a  Deceiver  in 
every  Step  taken  since  that  person  left  this  place,  and  make  no  doubt 
but  will  in  time  be  thankfull  to  that  good  Providence  that  would  not 
admit  so  much  truth  and  Innocence  to  be  allayd  to  so  deep  deceit  and 
light  vanity. 

My  dear  Bettsey  your  Mama  I  and  your  friends  here  cant  make  up  to 
you  for  everything,  yet  we  with  a  mind  so  justly  formd  as  yours  may 
do  a  good  deal.  Therefor  we  hope  you'l  return  to  us  with  cheerfullness, 
where  youl  be  received  in  the  Bosom  of  those  who  will  open  it  to  you 
with  an  affection  unfeignd  and  a  tenderness  not  to  be  expressed,  by  him 
who  thinks  himself  so  happy  in  being  the  ffather  of  so  good  and  Dutifull 

a  Child>  Tho:  Gr*me 

As  by  the  whole  tenor  of  your  letters  you  expressd  your  Satisfaction 
and  -  appiness  in  Mrs.  Campbells  &  Mr.  Campbell's  Company  ever  since 


DR.  THOMAS  GR/EME 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grame.         273 

you  have  been  under  their  Roof,  my  Wife  and  I  can  not  but  on  our 
parts  be  highly  sensible  of  the  obligation.     So  with  my  best  respects 
and  kind  Compliments  to  both,  let  them  know  how  much  we  esteem 
their  favours,  with  a  happy  New  year  to  us  all. 
Philad*  Janry  1,  1763. 
(Outside  address  of  letter) 

To 

Miss  Elizabeth  Grame 
att  Burlington 

James  Young  to  Elizabeth  Grame. 
Dear  Miss 

With  a  very  particular  pleasure  I  read  your  letter  as  it  informs  me 
you  continue  to  increase  your  health,  whither  it  was  the  fresh  air  of 
Grseme  Park  or  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  my  friends  there  that  has 
contributed  to  mine  I  shall  not  determine  but  I  have  not  been  so  well 
of  a  long  time  as  at  present;  I  have  not  thought  of  the  Psalm  I  was 
to  put  into  Dutch  Rhime  since  I  saw  you  &  I  doubt  if  I  ever  shall  in 
that  respect  unless  to  promote  mirth  amongst  such  good  company  as 
are  with  you,  Frank  was  very  Sociable  during  our  ride  not  a  word  of 
musick  nor  Sternold  &  Hopkins,  the  profuse  prospect  of  Plenty  through- 
out the  Country  &  the  fine  Weather  kept  up  our  Spirits  after  leaving 
the  agreeable  retreat  of  G.  P.  we  thought  not  of  Phild  till  we  found 
ourselves  in  Second  Street,  Entangled  amongst  Waggons,  Dreys,  Market 
Folks  &  Dust. 

My  Love  to  my  Dear  Children  &  tell  Anny  I  send  a  Fan  &  her 
Umbrella  which  I  desire  she  will  make  use  of,  I  bought  it  for  that 
purpose,  the  Sun  is  equally  powerful  in  Country  or  City,  I  shall  endeavor 
to  pay  you  a  Visit  while  your  Papa  is  with  you  to  see  all  his  Family 
together  in  his  Own  house  to  whom  please  make  my  Respectful  Compli- 
ments. Tell  your  Mamma  I  shall  endeavor  to  buy  Poussets  Negro  for 
her  to  day  tho'  he  may  exceed  your  Papa's  limitated  price  as  I  have  a 
very  extraordinary  Character  of  him — the  inclos'd  came  by  the  Pacq*. 
I  beleive  Pease  will  be  proclaimed  on  Monday,  if  there  be  any  Illumi- 
nations I  shall  do  my  best,  heartily  wishing  you  good  Health  I  remain 

Your  very  aff*  Brother 

&  most  Obed*  Serv* 
Phil"  23d  July  1763.  Ja«  Young4 

Rev.  Richard  Peters  to  Elizabeth  Gramme. 

Liverpool,  20  Novr  1764. 
Dear  Miss 

This  day  brought  me  here  after  staying  four  days  at  Mrs.  Bartletts 
forty  miles  short  of  this  Town.  The  first  Questions  put  to  me  was  a 
kind  Enquiry  after  your  health,  which  I  hope  continues  as  good  as 

4  James  Young  married  Mrs.  Fergusson's  sister,  Mary  Graeme. 
VOL.  XXXIX.— 18 


274         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme. 

when  I  left  you.  My  Journey  was  very  agreable  till  towards  the  close 
of  it,  when  I  was  visited  with  a  violent  pain  in  my  Back  owing  to  over 
great  Exercise.  This  pain  continues  and  has  brought  on  some  of  the 
Symptoms  of  my  old  disorder.  Rest  &  my  happy  situation  will  restore 
all  things — but  my  favorite  Post  Chaize  is  become  so  disagreeable  that 
I  shall  hereafter  take  to  my  horse  and  never  trespass  by  overdoing,  but 
take  my  exercises  with  moderation  and  in  the  forenoon. 

Your  Bedding  will  be  on  Wednesday  the  28th  Instant  at  the  Ax  in 
Aldemantury  it  is  directed  to  you  at  Mr.  Neates  Merch*  in  London,  if  it 
is  not  delivered  in  time  somebody  should  be  ordered  to  call  for  it.  Polly 
wrote  a  Letter  to  you  at  Mr.  Neaves  to  inform  you  of  your  Beddings 
being  sent  by  the  Liverpool  Waggon. 

Everybody  here  expresses  an  high  esteem  for  you  &  desire  I  will- 
mention  them  to  you,  particularly  my  Sister,  Polly,  Brother,  Statham 
and  Dicky.  Peggy  has  a  shore  in  their  Enquirys  &  they  are  glad  she  has 
recovered  a  good  State  of  health, 

Pray  write  me  how  you  find  yourself  in  your  new  manner  of  Life — 
what  sort  of  Victuals  &  how  your  Cookery  goes  on — as  nothing  can  give 
me  greater  pleasure  than  to  hear  every  one  y*  you  can  expect  any 
Civility  from  gives  it  you  in  the  best  &  most  affectionate  manner,  it 
would  comfort  me  much  to  be  informed  of  your  Visitors  &  the  manner 
you  spend  those  tedious  Evenings,  when  you  do  not  chuse  to  go  to  the 
Play. 

When  you  have  pleased  yourself  in  the  choice  of  a  Silk  for  Mrs. 
Gartside  in  which  pray  be  not  over  tasty — Will  you  be  so  good  as  to 
send  me  a  little  shred  of  the  Silk  in  a  Letter  with  any  particulars  ye 
shall  occur  to  you,  for  I  cannot  write  to  Mrs.  Gartside  till  I  receive 
some  account  of  this  weighty  business  now  from  you.  May  you  be 
favoured  with  a  continuance  of  your  health  &  happy  flow  of  Spirits. 
This  visit  to  my  sister  dwells  so  much  upon  my  mind  that  I  had  no 
heart  either  to  return  the  visits  paid  me  or  to  make  others  where  really 
I  ought  to  have  done  it.  Say  this  for  me  to  Sp  John  St.  Clair  &  Lady, 
to  Mr.  Napier  Dr.  Knox,  Dr  Huet  &  Dr.  Russel  and  Major  Tullekins  if 
you  see  him  and  particularly  to  Col.  Hunter  &  Mrs.  West.  I  am 

Dear  Miss 

Your  most  obedient 
humble  Servant 

Be  sure  if  you  have  Letters  Richard  Peters, 

from  home  just  mention  to 
me  in  general  how  all  are. 

Rev.  Richard  Peters  to  Elizabeth  Grceme. 

Liverpool  4  Dec'  1764 
My  dear  Miss. 

You  cannot  do  me  more  harm  than  by  not  letting  me  know  at  least 
once  a  week  how  you  do.  Did  you  but  know  what  pain  I  have  suffered 
at  not  hearing  any  thing  from  you  ever  since  I  came  here,  you  would 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Gr&me.         275 

not  be  so  cruel  as  to  do  so  again.  The  State  of  my  health,  tho  it  mends 
every  day,  &  I  have  every  Comfort  that  a  kind  Sister  can  give,  will 
not  admit  of  discomposure.  I  need  say  no  more  to  one  who  can  feel 
for  others,  and  especially  for  those  who  love  her  with  the  same  tender- 
ness that  her  anxious  Parents  do. 

Will  not  confinement  hurt  you?  It  has  always  appeared  to  me  that 
it  does.  You  get  into  thinking  about  Philadelphia  or  upon  some  warm 
scene  in  a  well  wrote  Book — and  forget  that  you  are  too  apt  to  let 
these  things  enter  deeper  into  your  heart  than  they  should  do. 

I  have  acquainted  Mrs.  Gartside  with  what  is  done  and  whom  I  know 
where  she  will  chuse  to  have  her  new  Silk  sent  to  her  whether  to 
Wrexham  or  here  and  as  soon  as  I  have  her  answer  you  shall  hear  again 
from  me. 

I  see  you  have  been  favoured  with  many  kind  visits  from  all  your 
friends.  Pray  give  my  Services  to  all  of  those  who  are  of  my  Acquaint- 
ance and  let  them  know  that  I  will  hasten  to  wait  on  them  as  soon  as 
I  return  to  London  which  will  be  in  the  middle  of  January.  My  Com- 
plaints are  all  abated — Rhubarb  does  wonders.  I  take  but  4  grains  well 
toasted  every  night.  It  is  certainly  a  most  happy  Perscription. 

I  hope  what  you  are  taking  for  the  recovery  of  your  health  will  have 
every  good  Effect  the  Doctor  proposes.  It  is  a  bad  time  of  the  year 
for  the  Operation  of  medecine.  Don't  omit  writing  and  dont  hide  any 
thing  from  me  that  is  material  &  proper  for  me  to  know. 

Pray  God  preserve  you  &  give  you  a  mind  turned  to  Him  as  the 
great  Physician  both  for  mind  Body — both  for  time  &  Eternity — to  his 
goodness  I  commit  you,  being 

Dear  Miss 

Your  affectionate 

Friend 

Richard  Peters. 

Rev.  Richard  Peters  to  Elizabeth  Grceme. 

Liverpool  14  Decp  1764. 
Dear  Betsy. 

Your  kind  Letter  lets  me  know  that  your  health  is  in  a  little  better 
State  than  it  has  been,  &  that  you  are  recovering  from  a  Relapse  that 
was  occasioned  by  Night  Air.  You  cannot  be  too  careful,  there  is  some- 
thing in  the  Air  of  London  that  neither  with  you  nor  me.  I  found  an 
uncommon  Chilliness  all  the  while  I  was  in  London.  We  have  more 
wet  here  and  yet  I  find  myself  better  every  day.  My  Sister  would  be 
glad  you  would  try  it  it  will  not  have  the  same  Effect  upon  you  and 
gives  you  from  the  Bottom  of  her  heart  an  Invitation  to  return  here 
with  me  unless  you  think  or  shall  be  advised  that  Bath  will  do  better. 

The  enclosed  will  set  your  mind  at  ease.  They  came  to  me  this 
morning.  They  are  from  your  Father  and  Mother  and  I  suppose  Mrs. 
Stedman.  I  have  a  kind  Letter  from  both  your  Father  &  Mother  &  J. 
Young,  who  are  all  well,  and  if  you  chuse  to  return  in  Captn  Long  Mr. 


276         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee,  Grceme. 

Young  and  your  Mamma  say  the  Vessel  can  be  sent  so  as  to  anchor  at 
Liverpool  about  the  time  agreed  upon  for  our  departure — but  an 
answer  must  be  returned  to  this  Offer  as  soon  as  possible — so  pray  let 
me  know  your  mind. 

By  mistake  I  broke  the  Seal  of  one  of  your  Letters  but  I  did  not 
read  a  single  word  more  than  Dear  Betsy — my  hurry  made  me  take 
one  of  your  Letters  for  my  own. 

I  find  every  thing  is  in  distraction  at  Philadelphia  &  an  obstinate 
prosecution  of  the  Petition  against  Mr.  Penn  is  a  measure  absolutely 
agreed  upon  by  y*  Assembly. 

If  you  want  money  Mr.  Barclay  will  let  you  have  what  Sum  you  please 
I  having  wrote  to  that  house  to  give  you  what  you  shall  want.  I  can 
say  nothing  to  your  change  of  Lodging — do  just  as  you  please  you  will 
first  acquaint  Mr.  Penn  with  it  &  take  his  advice.  He  writes  me  so 
many  good  things  of  you  dictated  by  Lady  Juliana's  &  his  own  great 
Esteem  of  you  that  you  will  be  vastly  pleased  when  I  shew  you  his 
Letters.  Indeed  I  want  much  to  give  you  all  the  Comfort  I  can — tho 
my  dear  Sister  &  all  here  render  every  thing  most  agreeable  to  me, 
yet  I  cannot  but  be  very  weary  at  being  absent  from  you  in  so  bad  a 
State  of  health  as  you  have  been  in  since  I  left  you.  I  want  to  shew 
you  your  father  &  Mother's  Letters  &  to  say  a  thousand  things  to  you. 
Mr.  Penn  writes  me  often  &  in  a  most  friendly  pleasing  manner.  The 
Family  remove  to  Town  on  Tuesday.  My  Friends  have  all  wrote  to  me, 
except  Mr.  Charles  &  Alexander  Stedman.  From  them  I  have  not  a 
Line  at  which  I  wonder  and  cannot  say  but  their  Silence  so  little 
expected  gives  me  pain.  I  wrote  more  than  once  to  them. 
-  Dont  you  think  too  much  about  home?  I  am  apprehensive  such 
thoughts  are  too  much  indulged  hurt  you.  This  is  one  reason  why  I  want 
to  be  with  you.  We  can  talk  about  them  &  that  will  relieve  better  than 
thinking.  I  am  sorry  they  enclosed  their  Letters  in  mine.  This  has 
cost  you  I  am  afraid  many  an  anxious  thought.  I  see  it  has  by  what 
you  write. 

My  Nephew  accompanies  me  up  to  London.  He  is  a  great  Comfort 
to  me  being  sensible,  plain,  upright,  affectionate.  The  more  I  see  him 
the  more  I  am  pleased  with  him.  As  to  Lodgings — I  will  write  you  & 
Mr.  Penn  about  them.  There  is  one  circumstance  that  grieves  me,  which 
is  that  his  business  will  not  let  him  come  sooner  than  the  27th  of 
January  &  I  must  either  stay  till  then  or  lose  his  Company. 

My  friends  here  will  not  let  me  have  as  much  time  as  to  write  a 
letter  or  two  that  I  promised  Miss  Freame.  I  have  much  to  say  upon  a 
Book  I  sent  her — Spences  Polymetis — and  I  cannot  get  respite  enough 
to  put  my  thoughts  in  any  order. 

Pray  write  me  by  the  Return  of  ye  Post  how  you  are.  Are  your 
Intermittents  come  again?  Are  you  pensive.  I  am  never  a  Friend  by 
halves,  to  you  I  shall  take  a  pleasure  to  impart  every  good  thing  I  have. 
My  best  service  is  to  pray  you  may  think  of  Heaven  as  your  home  & 
then  sickness  or  health  will  be  pretty  near  indifferent.  Let  God  be  all. 

Yrs 
Richard  Peters. 


ELIZA  STEDMAN 

FROM    COPY    OF    MINIATURE    IN    THE    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 
OF    PENNSYLVANIA 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         277 

Eliza  Stedman  to  Elizabeth  Grceme. 

Philadelphia  Decembp  16th  1764. 

My  Dear  Miss  Graeme  tis  with  Pleasure  I  hear  by  every  opportunity 
of  Your  being  in  a  better  State  of  health  wich  I  hope  will  Still  con- 
tinue to  mend  and  I  should  have  told  you  so  long  before  this  in  black 
and  white  but  your  good  Mamma  and  S'istor  so  constantly  write  and 
inform  you  of  all  that  passes  here  that  indeed  there  is  not  any  thing  left 
for  me  to  Scribble  a  bout  except  My  constant  attachment  to  Miss  Graeme 
and  Sincere  wishes  for  her  happyness.  You  dont  mention  in  your  last 
any  thing  of  London  but  cant  immagin  your  so  void  of  curiossitey  as  to 
be  three  Weeks  so  near  that  great  City  without  Steping  in  and  at  Least 
making  a  flying  Visit  any  other  I  suppose  would  be  contrary  to  the 
Laws  of  tast  and  politeness  if  the  same  prevailes  in  London  that  I  find 
by  your  Poettical  account  of  Scarborough  did  there  wich  was  indeed  a 
high  Scene  of  dissipation  and  very  different  from  the  composed  tranquil 
way  your  hours  used  to  glide  on  when  in  Philadelphia  I  fancy  at  first 
it  must  be  a  little  erksom  and  disagreable  hurry'd  from  one  Scene  to 
one  other  without  time  to  think  of  what's  past  but  this  you'l  Say  is 
talking  Like  ane  american  that's  no  Idea  what  Living  is  and  enjoying 
agreadeal  in  a  Small  compass  of  time  well  I'll  Submitt  to  your  better 
judment  and  endevour  to  follow  Your  example  when  You  return  till 
then  I  must  go  on  in  the  Same  path  I  have  trod  so  Long  wich  upon 
my  Word  has  no  great  veriety  in  it  but  custom  has  made  it  agreable 
and  on  reflection  I  would  not  wish  a  change  in  any  one  way  for  I  am 
happy  more  so  then  I  deserve  and  to  desire  more  would  be  ungreatfull 
for  what  I  enjoy. 

M*  Woodham  requested  me  to  tell  You  he  once  more  left  Philadel- 
phia with  I  think  but  little  prospect  of  return  as  he  Seems  to  be 
almost  gone.  We  have  Concerts  this  Winter  as  before  where  I  generaly 
attend  and  the  only  publick  place  I  Shew  my  Self  there  is  nothing  new 
in  the  deversion  way  here  and  as  to  marriages  they  ante  thought  of 
those  that  are  in  that  State  of  bondage  think  fit  now  and  then  to  in- 
crease and  Multiply  in  down  right  compasion  as  this  is  a  young  Country 
and  wants  peopling  so  in  a  counsel  its  been  though  fit  as  there's 
no  new  beginers  to  call  those  to  there  assistance  whom  had  given  over 
the  good  work  such  as  M™  Bond  the  elder  Mri  Plumsted  and  many 
more  too  tedious  to  mention  and  Mrs  Smith  taking  under  consideration 
that  Mr  Penn  was  a  very  good  Freiend  of  her  husband  it  was  her  duty 
as  a  return  to  add  one  more  to  his  province  wich  she  will  Shortly  doe 
if  She  Saw  this  Lord  have  mercy  on  me  for  I  am  sure  She  would  have 
none.  My  respectfull  Compliments  to  Mr  Peters  and  I  am 

My  Dear 
Miss  Betsy 
Sincerely  Your 
Eliza  Stedman. 


278         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

Rev.  Richard  Peters  to  Elizabeth  Grceme. 

Liverpool   3   January   1765 
Dear  Betsy. 

The  old  year  did  not  end  without  the  remembrance  of  a  multitude  of 
Occurrences  which  deserved  &  had  my  most  thankful  acknowledgements 
before  the  Throne  of  Grace.  Think  but  how  much  we  wished,  but  how 
faint  was  the  Prospect,  at  the  opening  of  the  last  year,  of  our  visiting 
these  favor'd  Countries.  Our  health  precarious — my  engagements  numer" 
ous  &  perflexed — made  me  sometimes  wish  that  I  had  never  mentioned 
ye  thing  to  your  anxious  Parents.  The  Winter  did  not  advance  far 
before  Sickness  opened  to  me — indeed  a  better  &  a  much  wished  for 
Country,  but  to  you  things  looked  as  if  you  was  not  only  to  lose  a  near 
friend  but  all  hopes  of  the  Journey,  that  by  being  so  often  made  the 
Subject  of  Conversation  had  begun  to  make  a  pleasing  Impression  on 
the  Imagination,  were  totally  given  over,  and  as  I  have  heard  you  say 
a  train  of  unfavourable  Images  pass'd  on  your  mind.  My  Recovery  was 
so  far  good  as  to  afford  an  expectation  that  our  Tour  might  happen; 
but  nothing  looked  well  about  it  one  difficulty  or  another  always  start- 
ing up.  All  of  a  sudden,  your  health  grew  better,  the  parting  sighs 
were  silently  indulged,  &  tho  strong  yet  neither  hurt  the  deilcacy  of  your 
frame  nor  the  greater  tenderness  of  your  affectionate  Spirits.  I 
rubb'd  thro  an  immense  Sight  of  business  and  the  Embarcation  and  our 
Arrival  here  took  place.  We  have  since  seen  a  great  variety  of  Scenes 
&  were  thank  a  good  Providence  in  a  better  situation  at  the  opening  of 
yc  new  year  than  our  most  sanguine  Expectations  would  permit  us  to 
hope  for.  Think  you  not  that  these  dear  remembrances  and  our 
mutual  delight  in  so  many  friendly  Conversations  have  not  endeared 
you  to  me?  Yes  they  have,  and  I  indulge  the  innocent  and  pure  hopes 
of  this  happiness  increasing  in  that  vanely  of  scenes  which  we  shall  go 
through  wth  the  same  mutual  satisfaction. 

You  cannot  think  what  pleasure  you  gave  me  on  telling  me  that  you 
passed  Christmas  day  alone.  Oh!  It  is  a  favourable  festival.  God  & 
Heaven  are  brought  so  near  to  us  by  this  adorable  Incarnation  that  I 
assure  you  I  am  oftner  in  heaven  than  upon  the  Earth.  I  long  to 
impart  to  you  some  of  my  spiritual  Entertainments,  not  in  the  Stiffness 
&  Self  Sufficiency  of  your  Journal  writing  pietists  but  with  the  humility 
&  gratitude  of  a  mind  that  has  been  brought  by  the  long  suffering  God 
and  a  long  &  familiar  acquaintance  with  the  holy  Scriptures  unto  a  calm 
&  constant  expectation  of  a  happy  Immortality.  This  world  has  its 
duties  &  Let  them  be  forever  sacredly  observed.  But  Heaven  we  were 
originally  made  for  &  under  a  certain  persuasion  of  this  and  with  all 
that  Train  of  internal  communications  which  follow  such  a  rational 
&  connatural  Faith,  the  present  world  sinks  very  much  in  its  value  and 
whilst  a  Son  of  God  is  in  view — who  first  gave  ye  Character  of  Earth 
&  then  went  to  heaven  to  realize  the  vanity  of  the  one  &  the  Eternity 
&  Solidity  of  the  other  I  see  I  feel  the  Angel  in  myself  &  so  does  every 
other  good  person  in  the  world.  You  do  my  Dear  Betsy  and  with  me 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme.         279 

often  indulge  such  a  pleasing  train  of  thoughts.  Scripture  feeds  the 
glorious  Prospect.  Indeed  I  can't  read  them  now  without  considering 
myself  as  a  fellow  Citizen  of  the  Saints  &  if  the  household  of  God. 
Accept  ye  Meditations  of  the  Season — accept  my  prayers  for  every  good 
thing  that  God  can  give  you.  Accept  every  Endeavours  of  mine  to  give 
you  Comfort.  I  joy  much  in  your  friendship,  I  expect  much  from  it. 
I  have  mention'd  you  to  Mrs.  Gartside  &  to  my  Sister  &  this  Family 
as  you  would  do,  as  you  have  done  yourself.  Adeau. 

Yours 

Richard  Peters. 

Juliana  Ritchie  to  Elizabeth  Grceme. 
My  Dear  Miss  Graeme 

My  Cold  Continueing  prevents  me  from  Seeing  you  to  day  I  therfore 
take  this  meathod  to  jnquire  how  you  do,  &  what  Situation  Pegy  is  in, 
if  She  is  Still  Sick,  let  me  beg  that  you'l  get  a  nurce  for  her  or  I  am 
apprehencif  the  fatigue  of  attending  her,  in  your  delicat  State  of  health, 
is  a  task  you  are  by  no  means  equal  too,  &  I  realy  think,  no  motives  of 
humanity  Shou'd  jnduce  you  to  trifle  with  a  point  so  assencial  to  your 
Future  happiness,  experiance  having  proved  to  you,  the  bad  effects  of 
too  much  excercise,  more  than  once, 

Millians  of  thanks  for  the  fan,  I  receive  it  as  a  pledge  [torn],  I 
Shall  Ever  be  Studious  to  merrit,  &  Earnestly  wish  that  Some  oppertun- 
ity  may  inable  me  to  prove,  the  Cincerity  of  my  professions. 

This  little,  flattring,  gay  machain — with  pleasure  I  review  you 
For  it  inspires  a  grateful  Sence — &  makes  me  think  of  art. 
As  various  formes  the  painters  hand — has  here  display'd  with  heart 
Friendship  in  distant  realms  Shal  draw — your  image  on  my  heart 
All  vain  attempts  to  be  admired — I  totaly  decline 
And  to  my  best  accomplished  friend — the  dying  Swains  resine* 
Adieu,  it  wou'd  be  vain  to  atempt  to  tell  you  how  much  I  am 

Yours 

Juliana  Ritchie 
Norfolk  Street  27th  Jan^  65. 

Eliza  Stedman  to  Elizabeth  Grceme. 

Philadelphia  March  9th  1765 
My  Dear  Miss  Bettsy 

It  was  with  Pleasure  I  received  your  favour  of  Novembr  the  13  and 
am  not  a  Little  Surprised  when  I  See  the  quantity  of  writing  you  have 
Sent  how  the  time  has  been  found  to  accomplish  it  in-  when  there  is  so 
many  agreable  things  to  take  up  the  attention  of  a  Stranger  but  I 
know  your  industry  is  great  in  what  ever  you  undertake  and  suppose 
many  one  hour  is  Stealth  from  the  gentle  God  of  Sleep  to  fill  those 
Sheets  of  paper  wich  I  have  yet  the  pleasure  to  come  of  reading — I  find 
by  your  Letters  that  England  has  great  charms  thoe  I  make  no  dought 


280         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme. 

you'll  return  to  U  S  without  regret  yet  I  fancy  London  barring  your 
tender  Connextions  here  would  have  the  preference  before  Philadelphia 
was  there  a  necesety  for  a  choice — 

I  take  it  very  kind  in  my  dear  Freind  to  clear  me  to  My  Aunt 
Weston  of  neglect  as  to  writing  my  Mother  and  Sistor  but  latterly  my 
Letters  has  been  sent  to  Mr  Neat  as  I  would  not  trouble  her  with  them 
knowing  She  lives  much  out  of  town  but  esteem  it  Freindly  in  her  to 
take  notice  of  my  Seeming  remissness  in  that  perticuliar — 

the  gownd  I  have  received  and  is  quite  answerable  to  my  expectations 
think  my  Self  indebted  for  the  trouble  you  have  had  Please  to  accept 
my  thanks  for  the  Stomacher  and  bows  wich  are  very  pretty  and  did 
I  want  to  be  reminded  of  an  absent  Freind  they  would  answer  that 
purpose  when  ever  I  put  them  on  but  We  never  Meet  on  our  Stated 
days  but  I  miss  you  my  Dear  from  among  the  Number  of  wich  I  have 
the  Honour  to  be  one.  My  Aunt  has  been  indisposed  forteen  days  with 
the  gout  but  is  now  better  and  abroad  again  I  hope  by  the  assistence 
of  Doctor  Fothergill  you'll  git  the  better  of  all  complaints  and  that  I 
Shall  See  you  blooming  and  fatter  then  I  am  your  good  Mamma  is  well 
and  in  Spirets  but  I  cant  say  Looks  as  harty  as  the  Doctor  who  Seems 
to  have  no  one  complaint  wich  I  think  uncomin  at  his  time  of  Life. 

It  is  Say'd  here  that  Miss  Bond  is  in  a  Short  time  to  be  Married  to 
a  Mr  Martin  the  truth  of  wich  I  will  not  venture  to  assert  you  may 
remember  between  4  and  5  year  agoe  it  was  talk'd  that  he  courted  her 
and  that  She  trusting  to  the  Strenght  of  his  passion  took  a  few  Female 
Airs  wich  the  gentleman  resented  whent  down  to  Mariland  and  married 
a  very  pretty  Woman  whom  he  has  latly  burried  and  I  fancy  She  will 
Soon  Leave  him  at  the  Same  Liberty  and  now  My  Dear  Miss  Betsy  I 
must  conclude  it  is  Satterday  morning  and  I  am  call'd  upon  to  dress 
for  dinner  beleive  me  to  be  with  Sinceriety 

Your  Most  Affectionate  Freind  and  Humble  Serv* 

Eliza  Stedman. 
March,  13th 

The  Ship  not  going  as  soon  as  I  expected  has  given  me  an  opportunity 
to  add  a  line  or  too  more  to  the  above  I  have  perused  your  journal 
and  often  have  I  wish'd  to  have  pertook  with  you,  in  those  delightfull 
Scenes  indeed  I  envy  you  the  enjoyment  of  pleasures  wich  would  have 
been  relish'd  by  me  with  double  Sattisfaction  in  your  company  but 
as  I  cant  enjoy  it  with  you  there  I  will  by  the  help  of  immaganation 
here  and  be  contentedly  yours 

E.  S. 

Juliana  Ritchie  to  Elizabeth  Graeme. 

My  dear  Miss  Greeme, 

Will  you  be,  my  favorit  flower  for  one  day,  &  in  the  condecention, 
you'l  make  a  party  of  friends  very  happy — the  Consist  of  the  two  Mrs. 
Robertsons,  a  Miss  ,  an  old  Maid  of  fortune,  &  Miss  Van  donendon, 
the  Gentlemen  are,  Governor  Brown,  Mr.  Rose,  &  Mr.  Bath,  Commicery 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Greeme.         281 

general  of  the  troops  &  sent  to  Portiugal — if  youl  favor  us  with  your 
Company  we  all  meet,  at  the  Revrd  Mr.  Robertsons  in  Norfolk  street,  at 
\  past  five  o'clock,  the  Ticket  explains  the  rest.  I  hope  you  have  not 
forgot  our  party  to  Chiswick  on  Monday,  we  all  meet  at  Mr.  Robertsons 
in  Norfolk  Street  at  12  o'clock,  from  whence  we  proceed  in  a  Barge 
attended  with  Musick  &c.,  to  the  Duke  of  Devonshires  &  after  amuseing 
our  selves  &c,  dine  somewhere  there,  &  retorne  home  in  the  evening. 
Shall  I  finde  you  there  or  shall  I  call  on  ye.  Pray,  can  you  spende  the 
day  at  her  house  6  ms  from  town,  &  all  my  own  lining  being  gone,  I  am 
puzled  what  excuse  to  make,  except  you  can  help  me  out. 

adieu — God  bless  you 

Yours 
Satturday  Morning  J.  Ritchie.8 

pray  excuse  this  horid  scroal,  I  write  in  a  noise  sufficient  to  Stun  me — 
let  me  hear  from  you  I  am  not  well,  nor  have  not  been  Since  I  saw  you, 
is  the  reason  I  have  not  done  my  selfe  the  pleasure  of  asking  how  dear 
Miss  Greeme  does. 

[On  card  enclosed  is  written.] 

Mrs.  Ritchies  Compts  to  Miss  Graeme  hopes  she  is  well  today. — if  the 
day  Continues  favorable,  hope  for  the  pleasure  of  meeting  her  at  Mr. 
Robertsons  in  Norfolk  street  at  £  past  11  o'clock  to  go  to  Cheswick. 
St.  Pauls  Tuesday  Morning. 


Rev.  Richard  Peters  to  Elizabeth  Greeme.'1 

Liverpool  9th  July  1765. 
Dear  Betsy. 

I  joyn  with  you  in  returning  thanks  to  a  merciful  God  for  the  good 
state  of  your  health.  May  it  long  continue  that  your  mind,  already 
fill'd  with  a  thousand  good  Observations  may  be  at  liberty  to  increase 
&  multiphy  its  rational  Store.  Your  sprightly  Imagination  will  draw 
all  forth  &  place  things  in  an  improving  &  entertaining  light  to  such 
as  you  will  receive  into  your  acquaintance.  And  your  good  Affections 
will  give  you  a  readiness  to  apply  all  to  ye  comfort  of  all  you  are  by 
nature  or  choice  connected  with. 


6 Miss  Graeme  has  written  on  the  letter  sheet  as  follows:  "Alass  the 
Day  to  be  spent  at  Chyswich  was  the  Day  I  heard  of  my  dear  Parents 
Death.  The  Lady  was  so  good  as  to  give  up  the  Pleasure  proposed  and 
spend  it  in  a  Dark  Room  with  me  a  favor  that  I  never  shall  forget  a 
Stranger  in  a  Common  Lodging — all  out  of  town  I  know." 
London  July  9,  1765. 

This  letter  is  addressed — "To  Miss  Greeme  at  Mess"  Forner  &  Hitch- 
cocks,  Milliners,  Pall  Mall." 

7  Addressed  To  Miss  Graeme  at  Hitchcock  &  Turners,  Milliners  over 
against  St  Albans  Street,  Pall  Mall,  London. 


282         Mrs.  Elisabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

Why  did  not  you  say  that  the  Chaise  should  come  for  you  to 
London?  Or  did  you  think  as  we  do,  that  if  it  came  fresh  to  you  at 
D'  Fothergills  it  would  carry  you  as  expeditiously  as  you  please  to 
Scotland.  Believe  me  I  know  not  what  it  is  to  be  insincere  wn  I  say 
any  thing  to  or  of  my  Friends  it  is  all  from  the  heart.  Not  a  word 
have  I  said  about  going  to  Scotland  but  what  came  truly  from  my  real 
desire  &  intention  of  going  wth  you  &  enjoying  the  pleasures  of  your 
Relations,  It  would  have  given  me  a  solid  satisfaction  to  have  accom- 
panied you  &  I  never  till  I  came  so  late  to  London  &  heard  of  my  Sisters 
health  intended  any  other  thing — but  the  tedious  Length  of  Time  that 
was  spent  at  the  Hot  wells  has  thrown  all  into  Confusion  and  spoil'd 
the  whole,  Mr.  Penn  presses  much  for  a  good  space  before  my  Em- 
barcation — My  Sister  &  hers  cannot  think,  now  they  have  me,  of  part- 
ing soon  with  me.  These  are  both  unexceptionable  &  undissmissible 
obligations.  More  then,  I  cannot  do,  than  to  wait  on  you  wth  the  Post 
Chaize  at  Dr  Fothergills.  I  shall  come  to  Mr.  Bartlets  wch  is  in  that 
neighborhood  at  Cranage  the  morning  after  you  arrive  you  shall  see 
me  God  willing  &  then  we  will  talk  further.  The  Horses  will  be  fresh 
— the  Coachman  is  very  clever — the  Chaize  is  good  and  James  shall  be 
made  a  good  servant  to  you.  I  may  go  with  you  one  day  on  the  Road 
&  set  you  forward. 

My  Sister,  Mr  &  Mrs  Gartside,  Mr  Bartlet  &  Sister,  Raphy  &  his 
wife  are  all  here,  and  very  heartily  joyn  in  giving  you  their  most 
sincere  &  affectionate  respects.  They  do  not  desire  to  have  any  remitt- 
ance of  my  stay  among  them,  that  excepted  you  have  not  a  wish  relating 
to  my  Company  &  Comfortable  assistance  to  you  which  is  not  theirs. 
This  is  no  interfering — tis  natural  &  every  thing  ought  to  be  conducted 
agreable  to  it. 

Your  letters  are  of  so  late  a  Date  that  you  must  have  great  pleasure 
in  hearing  from  home.  I  write  by  the  Packet  that  you  are  likely  to 
get  well,  you  will,  I  hope,  confirm  it. 

You  stay  in  Scotland  a  Month — that  is  you  get  there  ye  first  of 
August  &  leave  it  the  first  of  September,  I  most  religiously  adhere  to 
my  resolution  &  shall  sail  as  soon  as  the  Equinoctial  Gale  is  over  which 
will  be  some  time  in  all  probability  before  the  20th  or  30th  7ber,  I 
cannot  bear  the  thoughts  of  going  without  you,  Contrive  every  thing 
to  comport  with  this  time. 

As  to  the  Expense  of  a  Chaize  down  to  Dr  Fothergills,  if  necessary, 
it  is  nothing,  to  ye  certainly  of  having  your  journey  to  Scotland  from 
his  house  well  performed. 

I  can  come  to  you  about  y*  20th  of  August  &  stay  with  your  friends 
&  return  with  you  to  London  &  do  all  I  want,  I  observe  you  set  out 
the  18th  from  London,  you  will  be  at  Lea  Hall  on  Monday  the  22d,  on 
Tuesday  I  visit  Dr.  Fotherigll  &  so  we  will  settle  everything,  that  is 
not  mentiond  in  this  Letter,  My  very  kind  affection  attends  Dr  Fothergill 
&  his  sister,  I  calld  on  his  Brother  Wm  I  came  here  &  told  him  exactly 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         283 

when  &  how  the  Dr  intended  to  come,  I  am  his  &  Dr  Betsy  your  affection- 
ate humble  servant 

Richard  Peters. 
Let  me  know  your  sentiments 

on  this  letter  by  a  Line  by 
the  Post. 

Rev.  Richard  Peters  to  Elizabeth  Grceme. 

Stoke  house  22d  7ber  1765 
My  dear  Betsy 

What  is  the  best  of  women  without  money  in  the  City  of  West- 
minster? That  this  may  not  be  your  case,  I  have  drawn  on  Mess'8 
Barclay  for  Twenty  five  Guineas  which  James  will  receive  for  you, 
Employ  him  as  much  as  you  can  for  I  leave  him  to  go  your  Errands, 
Buy  for  me  what  you  think  Proper,  My  Sister  is  proud  and  Polly  has 
caught  a  tolerable  share  of  it  from  her  Mamma,  whatever  is  bought, 
Let  it  be  good,  Wn  I  come,  David  Barclay  will  trust  me,  I  will  supply 
what  more  Cash  you  may  want  for  yourself  &  me, 

I  acquainted  Dr.  Fothergill  by  Letter  yesterday  that  you  would  stay 
in  London  on  Friday  purely  to  see  him,  I  hope  you  wrote  yourself. 

Lady  Juliana  [Penn]  says  so  much  in  your  favour  that  I  beg  you 
may  have  nothing  to  do  after  Friday,  but  to  come  &  be  here  wth  all 
your  Soul  &  Spirits  &  tongue  [  ?] 

Send  James  with  the  enclosed  to  Mr.  [Nathaniel]  Evans  who  will 
please  you  vastly  with  a  sprightly  conversation,  He  has  wrote  several 
pretty  ingenious  Pieces  of  Poetry  wch  will  entertain  us  on  board,  He 
will  come  &  see  you. 

Pray  tell  James  to  enquire  at  Dp  Bartons  in  Abingdon  Buildings  near 
Palace  Yard  who  is  Secretary  to  y*  Society  for  propagating  the  Gospel 
for  one  Mr.  Moore  his  Deputy  Secretary  &  to  find  out  where  he  lives  & 
tell  him  y*  I  will  call  on  him  &  pay  him  the  £6,  10,  2£  for  ye  Prayer 
Books  &  Bibles ;  or  let  James  pay  him  and  take  his  Receit 

We  are  like  your  Modish  Man  &  Wife,  very  complaisant  at  a  distance 
but  never  seen  together,  nor  have  time  to  speak  to  one  another,  True 
Amity  however  can  bear  this  for  awhile;  Not  longer  than  is  absolutely 
necessary 

Your  affectionate  &  humble  serv* 

Richard  Peters. 

Mary  Redman  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

October  ye  2d  1772 
My  Dear  Madam 

You  will  doe  me  the  justice  to  beleive  there  is  no  one  more  affection- 
ately interested  in  every  event  which  Concerns  you  than  myself  and 
consequently  must  have  felt  extremely  Sorry  to  hear  your  marriage 
made  so  great  a  part  of  public  conversation  especialy  as  I  knew  that 
at  this  particular  crisses  of  your  affairs  it  must  give  you  an  additional 
distress  and  I  Sincerely  wish  it  had  remaind  a  Secret  till  you  my  Dear 


284         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

Madam  had  chose  to  have  it  made  known,  and  how  it  transpired  I  am 
yet  at  a  loss  to  gues  for  I  am  very  certain  no  one  of  the  parties  present 
on  the  occasion  ever  gave  the  moste  distant  hint  concerning  it — Your 
Letter  came  too  late  in  the  Evening  to  let  Mr  Peters  see  it  till  the  next 
morning  when  I  showed  it  to  him  but  Mr  Duchea  had  been  before  hand 
with  me  and  had  made  Mr  Peters  acquainted  with  your  Marriage  he 
appeared  a  good  deal  Surprized  at  first  but  said  he  was  sorry  you  should 
give  yourself  one  moments  pain  with  respect  to  his  oppinion  of  the 
affair  as  he  was  convincd  from  a  knowledg  of  your  good  sence  and 
the  general  rectitude  of  your  heart  you  would  not  on  any  account 
swerve  from  what  you  thought  a  duty  if  consistent  with  your  Idea  of 
happiness  if  there  had  been  a  possibility  of  avoiding  it:  and  he  sin- 
cerely wishd  you  all  that  felicity  which  a  happy  union  with  a  person 
every  way  agreeable  Can  possibly  afford  he  readily  acquiesd  with  the 
reasons  you  gave  for  not  haveing  made  him  acquainted  with  the  affair 
sooner  and  assured  me  he  was  disposed  from  every  motive  of  friendship 
and  affection  to  tender  you  all  the  good  offices  in  his  power;  if  you  have 
not  allready  wrote  to  him  I  should  be  glad  you  would  by  the  first 
opportunity  as  he  expects  a  letter  from  you — as  to  my  own  part  be 
assurd  my  Dear  Madam  I  ever  thought  your  whole  Conduct  with  respect 
to  your  worthy  parent  was  amiable  and  dictated  by  duty  and  affection 
and  make  no  doubt  but  your  whole  behaviour  must  have  been  such  as 
gave  him  pleasure  and  contributed  to  render  his  declining  years  hapy 
&  comfortable — I  know  persons  of  your  Delicate  &  tender  sensibilities 
are  the  moste  severe  critics  on  their  own  actions  yet  doe  not  I  beseech 
you  my  Dear  friend  suffer  the  disagreeable  reflection  of  having  once 
acted  contrary  to  what  you  held  as  a  duty  too  much  embitter  your 
future  prospects  and  since  an  allwise  Providence  saw  fit  to  hide  from 
your  good  parent  what  would  have  given  him  pain  if  known  it  is 
certainly  your  Duty  to  acquiess  in  the  unering  dispensations  of  Heaven 
and  humbly  to  trust  that  all  things  have  been  directed  for  the  best  and 
may  you  be  enabled  to  look  forward  in  a  cheerful  Expectation  of  that 
happy  period  when  Providence  I  hope  will  return  your  Dear  Mr  Fer- 
gusson fortunate  in  the  Completion  of  every  Scheme  which  may  tend  to 
promote  your  mutual  felicity,  and  the  present  situation  of  your  affairs 
may  appear  rather  gloomey  I  need  not  remind  you  my  Dear  of  the  duty 
and  advantage  of  placeing  your  dependance  on  him  who  has  Graciously 
promised  to  be  a  father  to  the  fatherles  and  a  defender  of  those  that 
trust  in  him  and  that  you  may  experience  his  kind  direction  assistanc 
and  blessing  is  the  sincere  prayer  of  My  Dear  Madam 

Your  ever  affectat 
friend  &  humM  Serv* 

M.  Eedman.8 

The  Docter  has  been  gon  to  trentown  these  4  days  to  see  Sally  who 
desiers  her  moste  affectionate  compliments  and  sincerely  wishes  you  all 


Mary  Redman,  n6e  Sober,  wife  of  Dr.  John  Eedman. 


MARY    REDMAN 

FROM    PORTRAIT    hN    THE    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY    OF    PENNSYLVANIA 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         285 

the  felicity  that  a  happy  union  can  possibly  afford  please  to  give  my 
compliments  to  Miss  Stedman  and  Miss  Young  I  hope  to  see  you  some 
time  next  week  but  have  no  prospect  of  meeting  Sally  at  Greame  park 
as  Mr  Coxe  has  been  gon  this  six  weeks  to  amboy  and  Nancy  went  to 
New  york  with  Mrs  Kemp  where  she  has  been  thes  3  weeks. 

Mary  Roberdeau  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 
My  dear  friend 

About  half  an  hour  ago  coming  into  Mr  Roberdeau's  sitting  room,  he 
politely  begd  me  to  sit,  (as  I  am  so  seldom  in  it  I  am  generally  treated 
As  A  Visitant)  the  Chair  I  was  about  to  Occupy  had  some  loose  [torn] 
in  it,  which  I  attempted  to  remove,  when  to  My  Unspeakable  surprise 
[torn]  the  direction  of  A  letter  to  me,  in  Your  hand  writing.  I  im- 
mediately broke  [torn]  &  am  this  Moment  confounded  to  think  what 
must  have  been  Your  [torn]  tion's  that  so  much  kindness  &  politeness 
from  You,  should  meet  [torn]  better  returns.  How  the  letter  came  I 
have  no  Idea,  Unless  Mr  Roberdeau  should  have  reciev'd  it  &  forgot  it, 
tho,  He  Assures  me  he  does  not  remember  any  circumstance  respecting 
it.  I  shall  suffer  A  good  deal  of  pain  Untill  I  know  from  Yourself  that 
You  have  forgiven  this  Apparent  Neglect,  I  therefore  taken  this  early 
oppertunity  of  writing,  Notwithstanding  I  am  As  Much  hurried  in  A 
Domestick  way,  as  ever  in  my  life,  Occasioned  by  the  sudden  indis- 
position of  My  little  Molly,  which  obliges  me  to  leave  Town  Immediately 
&  settle  Myself  for  the  remainder  of  the  summer.  You  are  well  ac- 
quainted with  the  fatigue  that  is  Occasioned  by  such  a  remove.  My 
Own  Unfitness  to  travel  even  so  far  As  Graeme  Park  was  the  only 
reason  I  did  not  see  You  As  proposed  with  My  friend  Mr  Piercy,  who  is 
now  gone  to  N  York,  &  Miss  Kays  to  Mp  Reshea  place  near  Bristoll 
called  New-Windsor,  where  I  believe  She  will  be  detain'd  some  weeks, 
contrary  to  her  expectat  [torn]  when  she  left  Me.  But  as  there  is  A 
Number  of  Young  people  the  [torn]  I  imagine  she  will  not  be  dis- 
pleased with  staying  a  longer  time  th  [torn]  She  proposed.  I  Am 
Now  so  well,  I  am  determin'd  As  soon  As  M  [torn]  little  girl  is 
also  well,  to  take  A  tour  to  Princeton,  from  whence  I  shall  Visit 
dear  friends  At  G  Park.  Coll.  Roberdeau  is  so  exceedingly  en- 
grossed by  publick  business,  that  I  tell  for  the  [torn]  time  I  really 
begin  to  look  Upon  Myself  As  an  incumbrance  [torn]  small  weight,  & 
therefore  I  had  better  remove  at  A  little  distance.  I  am  really  in 
hopes  he  will  not  Miss  me.  I  am  with  [torn]  love  to  dear  Betsey  & 
respects  to  Mr  Ferguson 

My  dear  friends 

Obliged  humble  Servant 

Mary  Roberdeau9 
Philad*  July  6h  75. 

9  Mary  (Bostwick)  Roberdeau,  first  wife  of  Gen.  Daniel  Roberdeau. 


286         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

Ann  Searle  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

I  think  Myself  much  obliged  to  My  Dear  Mrs  Fergusson  for  her  kind 
Letter  of  congratulation  on  my  return  to  America — &  be  assured  I 
think  my  self  very  happy  on  my  return  to  a  country  of  so  much  virtue 
&  spirit  which  in  the  End  as  our  cause  is  good,  will  work  our  Salvation 
— The  taking  of  S*  Johns  is  a  great  acquisition,  our  wicked  Ministry 
had  plum'd  themselves  much  upon  Canada  I  trust  this  will  be  a  means 
of  accommodateing  matters  to  our  Satisfaction  sooner  than  we  expected 
— Mr  Searle  did  not  Enjoy  his  health  in  England  his  being  so  great  an 
Enthusiast  in  the  cause  of  his  country  hurt  him,  but  since  he  has 
breathed  his  native  air  he  has  become  a  new  Man  I  feel  for  you  sincerly 
on  the  absence  of  your  Husband  but  as  it  'tis  but  for  a  few  months 
your  good  Friend  Miss  Stidman  will  I  make  no  doubt  administer  all 
the  comfort  in  her  power  untill  his  return — on  my  arrivel  I  found  my 
sister  confind  to  her  bed  with  a  disorder  in  her  bowels  &  has  not  yet 
been  able  to  leave  her  chamber  her  confinement  &  all  my  Friends  who 
have  been  so  kind  to  visit  me  has  taken  up  every  moment  of  my  time, 
at  present  I  have  Stolen  from  some  them  a  few  minuttes  to  assure 
you  Dr  Madm  that  I 

Am  with  great  Sincerty  your  Much  obliged 

Friend  &  Humbel  Ser* 

Ann  Searle10 

Mr  Searle  desires  his  respectfull  Compliments  to  you  &  Miss  Stedman 
has  my  love. 

Miss  Peggy  Willing  is  to  be  made  happy  this  night  Mr  Hair  was  our 
fellow  passenger  who  I  think  very  clever. 
Nov  16th  75. 

[Mrs.  Fergusson  has  written  the  following  on  the  letter: — "Letter 
of  Compliment."! 

Hannah  Griffitts  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Philadelphia  December  4th  1775. 
Dear  Mrs  Fergusson 

Will  you  permitt  me  to  revisit  in  Idea  your  happy  fireside  and  thank 
you  for  your  kind  politeness  to  me  while  at  Graeme  Park  I  assure  you 
I  shall  rank  the  Days  I  past  with  you  amongst  the  Happiest  of  my 
Life  and  I  shall  think  of  My  friend's  Marriage  with  double  pleasure 
as  it  afforded  me  an  oppertunity  of  forming  an  acquaintance  with  her 
amiable  Aunt  It  would  give  me  the  Highest  Satisfaction  could  I  flatter 
myself  the  Liberty  I  have  taken  in  Writing  would  be  agreable  but  as 
you  must  feel  a  Desire  of  hearing  how  we  got  Home  and  Anne  is  too 

10  Ann  [Smith]  Searle,  first  wife  of  James  Searle,  the  patriotic  im- 
porter of  Philadelphia,  who  died  in  the  summer  of  1781,  while  her  hus- 
band was  in  Europe. 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grame.         287 

much  taken  up  with  Company  to  give  you  any  information  I  have  taken 
it  upon  myself. 

Miss  Rhea  &  your  Humble  Servant  continued  in  the  Chariot  without 
the  Bride  as  she  seemed  to  think  us  of  no  kind  of  Consequence  when 
put  in  Competition  with  her  Friend  but  a  degree  of  Bashfulness  in- 
duced her  to  take  her  seat  with  us  before  she  got  into  Town  The 
Weather  prevented  our  waiting  on  her  to  Church  and  I  never  was 
better  reconciled  to  a  disappointment  as  I  am  an  enemy  to  all  un- 
necessary parade  on  these  Occasions  I  should  if  possible  wish  to  steal 
from  even  my  own  observation  and  of  all  Situations  that  of  being  set 
up  as  it  were  for  an  object  on  which  every  eye  rests  must  be  most 
disagreable  to  a  woman  of  Delicacy  and  as  I  was  certain  Anne  would 
attact  observation  &  of  consequence  feel  a  Number  of  disagreable  sen- 
sations I  did  not  chuse  to  witness  it. 

I  have  been  quite  picqued  at  Dr  Rush's  negligence  he  has  never  been 
near  us  &  I  am  determined  never  to  officiate  as  Bridesmaid  where  an 
engaged  Gentleman  is  Groom's  man  they  become  so  inattentive  to  the 
rest  of  the  Sex  that  we  lose  our  consequence  and  that  no  woman  ever 
was  reconciled  to  but  we  console  ourselves  with  thinking  that  its  prob- 
able some  one  else  may  be  treated  with  as  much  negligence  upon  our 
accounts  in  a  similar  Situation. 

I  have  sent  you  the  Books  &  if  they  afford  you  any  Entertainment 
It  will  make  me  Happy  I  was  fearful  of  sending  them  lest  You  should 
Condemn  my  Taste  in  reading  and  as  I  really  know  no  person  in  whose 
Esteem  It  would  afford  me  greater  pleasure  to  Stand  high  than  yours 
it  would  be  a  Sensible  Mortification  there  is  part  of  the  Last  leaf  of 
Sethona  torn  of  but  as  there  is  but  a  few  lines  more  &  those  of  no 
Consequence  I  would  not  deprive  you  of  the  Pleasure  of  reading  the 
Play  if  it  gives  you  as  much  as  it  did  me  you  will  not  regret  the  time 
the  other  Books  are  merely  entertaining  but  I  leave  them  to  speak  for 
themselves  &  will  only  add  that  I  am  with  the  most  grateful  Remem- 
brance of  your  Politeness  and  unfeigned  good  wishes  your  affectionate 
friend  H.  Griffitts. 

My  Mamma  joins  me  in  thanking  you  &  desires  best  Love  to  you 
mine  awaits  Miss  Stedman. 


Dr.  Joint  Hcdiiian  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 
Dear  Madam. 

Before  Mr.  Ferguson  went  he  call'd  on  me  to  pay  the  Interest  of 
his  bond  and  my  ace*,  As  to  the  latter  I  inform'd  him  I  was  already 
satisfyed,  and  therefore  he  had  nothing  to  pay  on  that  score,  But  I 
do  not  remember  if  I  explaind  so  fully  to  him  then  as  I  choose  to  do 
now  to  you,  by  saying  that  the  satisfaction  I  had  in  rendering  any 
services  to  the  daughter  of  our  good  old  Friends  was  a  much  more 
agreeable  compensation  to  me  than  any  pecuniary  reward  could  afford. 
As  to  the  interest  I  told  him  that  as  there  was  half  a  years  rent  due 


288         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

from  the  place  before  I  bought  it,  when  I  received  the  whole  year  which 
was  then  in  suit,  and  I  expected  soon  to  get,  I  should  apply  the  half 
of  it  in  payment  of  the  interest  of  his  bond  to  Mr.  Emblen,  the  principall 
of  which  is  £100  which  I  accordingly  did  as  soon  as  I  rec'd  it,  so  that 
there  is  not  now  quite  half  a  years  interest  due.  Whenever  you  choose 
to  send  ye  money,  I  shall  see  it  discharged  &  Cancelld  &  send  it  up  to 
you.  But  if  you  have  it  ready  &  cannot  get  a  proper  hand  to  send  it 
by,  If  you  only  send  me  word  by  next  market  day  as  your  desire,  I  will 
immediately  discharge  it  to  stop  the  ye  interest,  and  wait  till  you  can 
get  a  safe  person  to  send  it  by,  which  you  need  make  no  objection  to  as 
supposing  it  any  disadvantage  to  me,  seeing  I  have  so  much  by  me 
more  than  I  have  immediate  occasion  for,  and  have  no  thoughts  of 
putting  it  out  not  knowing  how  soon  we  may  have  need  of  all  we  can 
get  possession  of,  and  therefore  being  a  little  time  out  of  it  till  you  can 
send  it  will  make  no  difference  to  me.  Wish  best  respects  &  Compli- 
ments to  you  &  Miss  Stedman,  I  am  Dear  Madam  Yr  affectionate 

Hble  Serv* 
Philada  June  6,  1776.  John  Redman.11 


Mary  Redman  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Thursday  Evening 
My  Dear  Madam. 

tho  it  is  long  since  I  have  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  you  yet  I 
frequently  with  solicitude  enquired  after  you  during  your  Illness  and 
was  extremly  happy  to  hear  you  were  quite  recoverd  and  I  am  certain 
if  the  Doctr  had  the  least  idea  of  your  wishing  to  see  him  at  that  time 
he  would  gladly  have  waited  on  you;  I  have  been  so  much  Indisposed 
this  month  past  with  Rheumatism  and  Cholic  but  am  now  better  Sally 
and  the  dear  little  boys  are  gon  to  Trenton  which  I  shall  make  the 
place  of  my  retreat  in  Case  of  Danger  I  am  now  packing  up  a  few 
necessaries  to  send  off  that  I  may  not  be  quite  destitute  should  I  un- 
hapily  be  obliged  to  fly,  but  alias  in  such  an  event  how  much  must  the 
Scene  be  changed  from  peace  plenty  and  security  to  be  oblig'd  to  leave 
them  all  and  perhaps  never  know  the  home  felt  Joy  again  of  a  peaceful 
home,  but  I  will  not  indulge  the  sad  reflection  but  look  forward  to  the 
pleasing  hope  of  som  times  enjoying  the  hapiness  of  seeing  my  good  old 
friends  amongst  the  first  of  whome  I  shall  ever  place  my  Dear  Mrs 
Fergusone;  Nancy  joins  me  in  affectionate  Compts  to  yourself  and  Miss 
Betsy  Stedman  we  both  hope  to  have  the  pleasure  of  waiting  on  you 
very  soon  may  you  be  blest  with  peace  &  hapiness  is  the  Sincere  wish  of 
your  ever  affectionate 

M.  Redman. 
[June  1776.] 

11  John  Redman,  prominent  physician  and  first  president  of  the  College 
of  Physicians,  Philadelphia. 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         289 

Mary  Redman  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 
My  Dear  Mrs.  Ferguson 

tho  I  cannot  flatter  my  self  that  my  letter  will  afford  you  the  smallest 
entertainment  I  could  not  omit  writing  a  few  lines  to  thank  you  for 
the  very  agreeable  way  in  which  I  past  those  days  I  had  the  pleasure 
of  spending  with  you  at  the  park  and  I  can  say  with  sincerity  every 
mile  that  encreased  my  distance  from  you  gave  me  regret  as  it  tended 
to  seperate  me  from  one  of  those  few  friends  who  are  capable  of  giving 
me  the  Idea  of  true  refinement  blended  with  that  Integrity  of  heat 
which  allone  can  constitute  the  Valuable  friend  and  I  cannot  but  look 
uppon  it  as  a  peculiar  Infilicity  that  you  who  are  so  every  way  calculated 
to  give  and  taste  those  pleasures  arising  from  friendship  should  by  an 
unavoidable  concurence  of  circumstances  be  so  far  seperated  from  that 
Kind  of  Society  which  I  am  certain  would  contribute  greatly  to  your 
hapiness,  I  could  wish  to  attone  for  the  dullness  of  my  letter  by  giving 
you  some  news  but  can  here  none  but  of  the  political  kind  which  is 
that  with  much  debatings  and  altercation  our  Convention  and  all  their 
laws  are  set  aside  after  spending  3  or  four  Months  and  as  many  Thous- 
ands in  deviseing  them  and  we  are  now  at  liberty  to  Contrive  a  new 
Code  but  I  fear  in  the  struggle  for  priviliges  our  liberties  will  be  lost, 
it  would  have  given  me  great  pleasure  to  Execute  my  dear  M"  Fer- 
gusons Commissions  but  it  is  not  in  my  power  to  get  any  Crimson 
Harrateen  in  either  Shop  or  Store  som  paper  I  have  seen  at  eight 
Shillings  a  piece  but  not  quite  like  yours  for  instead  of  the  flower  in 
the  pillar  which  is  in  yours  this  has  a  large  bird  if  you  chuse  it  with 
this  difference  please  to  let  me  know  and  I  will  get  it,  the  Gentleman 
who  is  going  to  England  will  Embargo  next  Sunday  the  Doc*  presents 
you  his  kindest  Compliments  want  of  time  prevents  his  writing  but  he 
bids  me  tell  you  that  he  knows  Menedaunts  Drops  to  be  an  excellent 
medicine  and  wishes  you  to  be  exact  in  taking  them  according  to  the 
directions  given  with  them  I  have  the  pleasure  to  acquaint  you  that 
the  Doctor  thinks  Miss  Stedmans  eye  is  getting  much  better  Nancy  de- 
sires her  most  affectionate  Compliments  and  thanks  for  the  very  kind 
and  agreeable  entertainment  you  gave  her  and  says  you  have  the  art 
of  rendering  your  self  agreeable  both  to  the  old  and  young  Adieu  my 
Dear  madam  may  you  soon  enjoy  the  pleasure  of  good  Mr  Fergusons 
Company  and  with  him  every  other  happiness  is  the  sincere  wish  of 

your  affectionate  friend 

&  Humble  Servant 

M.  Kedman.13 

Our  Compliments  to  Mr.  Young  since  writing  this  I. have  heard  that 
General  Hows  leg  was  shot  off  in  the  last  Scirmish  and  his  knee  so 
much  shatered  that  his  life  is  dispaird  of 
[1777.]  Friday  Evening. 

12  This  letter  is  addressed  "To  Mrs.  Ferguson  at  Graeme  Park." 
VOL.  XXXIX.— 19 


290         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grame. 

Henry  Hugh  Fergusson  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Phild«  12  Oct'  1777 
My  dearest  Betsy 

The  inclosed  note  unattended  with  any  letter  from  me  would  be  fully 
sufficient  I  am  persuaded  to  make  you  take  a  much  longer  journey  than 
is  at  present  necessary  to  serve  so  esteemed  a  friend — It  is  therefore 
alltogether  needless  to  urge  your  return  immediately  to  the  rising  sun 
where  I  will  wait  for  you  this  evening — 

I  received  Mr.  Duches  note  not  more  than  two  hours  after  you  left 
me,  and  have  been  struggling  with  difficulties  ever  since  to  procure  a 
person  to  go  out  and  permission  for  him  to  pass  the  lines.  This  I  have 
just  now  accomplished,  and  will  not  therefore  add  a  word  more  for  fear 
of  delaying  you  a  second  longer  than  the  distance  requires  from  being 
here. 

The  bearer  is  a  poor  lad  from  the  Billet,  who  has  been  confin'd  here 
a  week  or  ten  days  and  to  whom  I  have  got  the  liberty  of  going  home. 

Love  and  affection  to  Miss  Stedman  and  Mrs.  Smith — 

Yours  eternally 

H.  Fergusson. 
To  Mrs.  Fergusson 

at  Graeme  Park 

Extracts  from  Letter  of  Washington  to  Congress. 

Head  Quarters  at  Peter  Wentz's  Oct.  16,  1777." 

"I  yesterday,  thro  the  hands  of  Mrs.  Ferguson  of  Graham  Park, 
received  a  letter  of  a  very  curious  and  extraordinary  nature  from  Mr. 
Duchg,  which  I  have  thought  proper  to  transmit  to  Congress.  To  this 
ridiculous — illiberal  performance  I  made  a  short  reply,  by  desiring  the 
bearer  of  it,  if  she  should  hereafter  by  any  accident  meet  with  Mr. 
Duche,  to  tell  him,  I  should  have  returned  it  unopened,  if  I  had  had 
any  idea  of  the  contents;  observing  at  the  same  time,  that  I  highly  dis- 
approved the  intercourse  she  seemed  to  have  been  carrying  on,  and 
expected  it  would  be  discontinued.  Notwithstanding  the  Authors  as- 
sertion, I  cannot  but  suspect,  that  the  measure  did  not  originate  with 
him,  and  that  he  was  induced  to  it  by  the  hope  of  establishing  his 
interest  &  peace  more  effectually  with  the  Enemy." 


"The  house  of  Peter  Wentz,  still  standing  on  the  road  from  Centre 
Point  to  Heebnersville,  in  Worcester  township,  now  Montgomery  county, 
Penna.,  a  substantial  two-story  stone  building,  erected  in  1758.  Writ- 
ing to  the  President  of  Congress,  October  16,  1777,  Washington  states: 
"We  moved  this  morning  from  the  encampment  at  which  we  had  been 
for  six  or  seven  days  past  [Wampole's  near  Kulpsville],  and  are  just 
arrived  at  the  grounds  we  occupied  before  the  action  of  the  4th"  [Ger- 
mantown].  The  army  remained  at  Wentz's  until  October  21st. 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         291 

Mary  Roberdeau  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 
My  dear  friend 

Neither  in  Visits  nor  letters  between  intimate  friends  do  I  ever  wait 
for  or  expect  Punctual  payment  without  every  proper  allowance.  I  am 
sincerely  sorry  you  have  had  so  good  an  excuse  for  silence,  believe  me, 
(I  hope  I  have  not  lost  credit  wholly  with  you)  That  I  should  not  have 
omited  writing  so  long,  but  that  I  had  really  nothing  that  could 
Possibly  entertain  you  one  moment,  Tho  I  should  have  recieved  no 
answer  to  half  a  Dozen  of  my  letters.  I  have  indeed  often  long'd  to 
see  You  &  Your  faithfull  friend,  &  would  most  gladly  have  visited  you 
when  I  heard  of  your  Illness  on  preference  to  any  other  time,  because 
I  might  then  have  had  it  in  my  Power  to  render  you  some  service,  as 
an  asistant  to  your  better  Nurse.  Miss  Cliftons  I  understand  did  me 
the  Justice  of  vindicating  my  almost  lost  Charector  with  you  with  re- 
spect to  Promises  by  throwing  the  blame  where  it  Justly  lies. 

Mr  Roberdeau  the  last  time  I  mentioned  the  Jaunt,  beg'd  Call  another 
subject  &  think  no  more  of  it  that  he  could  not  Part  with  me.  That 
Publick  tryals  were  as  much  as  he  could  bear  with  at  Present.  I  have 
therefore  given  up  any  thoughts  of  what  I  can  assure  you  would  give 
me  great  Pleasure.  The  great  reason  for  my  writing  at  this  time  is  to 
save  you  from  greater  alarms  than  their  is  ocasion  for.  You  have 
liv'd  long  enough  in  the  Country  to  know  that  one  third  of  the  in- 
telligence you  have  there  is  to  be  depended  on.  The  truth  as  by  express 
this  morning  is  that  two  Men  of  War  are  on  their  way  up  the  River, 
but  as  yet  no  farther  the  Reedy  Island.  The  committee  have  sent  the 
row  Gally's  to  attack  them  wherever  they  shall  find  them.  It  is  an 
important  undertaking.  If  they  are  defeated  one  of  our  mo  [torn]  im- 
portant mean  of  defence.  But  all  my  dependence  is  in  the  God  of  the 
Armies  of  Isreal.  He  will  certainly  do  whatsoever  is  right.  Much  love 
to  dear  Betsey 

I  am  dear  Madam 
Your  affecttionate  friend 

M.  Roberdeau. 
Tuesday  evening. 
[1777.] 

Elias  Boudinot  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Valley  Forge,  March  24,  1778. 
My  dear  Madam. 

•  Your  favour  by  Major  West  came  to  hand  this  morning,  and  as  he 
has  promised  me  to  call  at  my  Quarters  to  morrow  morning,  I  hope  to 
have  the  pleasure  of  conveying  this  by  him  on  his  return.  I  hope  you 
do  not  even  suspect  me  of  passing  you  on  any  occasion,  without  at  least 
asking  how  you  do?  When  I  returned  from  Jersey,  I  was  informed  that 
the  Enemy  was  in  your  Neighbourhood,  having  just  taken  off  a  drove  of 
our  Cattle;  wherefore  I  was  obliged  to  pass  several  miles  above 
Corryell's  ferry  and  came  down  on  the  rear  of  our  Camp.  I  intended 


292         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergus  son,  nee  Grceme. 

to  have  honored  myself  by  taking  shelter  for  one  night  more  under  your 
hospitable  Roof;  and  in  consequence  was  the  bearer  of  two  Letters  for 
you  from  Morven,14  which  were  not  to  be  delivered  but  by  myself.  In 
this  however,  you  have  heard  of  my  misfortune,  in  being  deprived  of 
that  Pleasure. 

I  am  happy  in  enclosing  you  £106.4.0  in  full  for  the  Certificate  of 
2360  Pounds  of  Beef  at  90/  p.  ct.,  which  I  hope  will  get  safe  to  your 
hands. 

Your  great  attention  to  our  unfortunate  Countrymen  and  fellow 
citizens  demands  the  Thanks  of  every  friend  of  humanity.  As  I  am 
one  of  the  Commissioners  to  sit  at  German  Town  next  Wednesday,  I 
think  it  would  be  best  to  collect  the  Linnen,  and  send  it  to  me  there; 
or  rather  I  will  endeavour  to  send  for  it  to  your  House,  where  I  hope 
to  steal  an  Evening  during  our  negotiation. 

I  have  been  confined  to  my  Room  with  a  slight  Indisposition,  but 
through  the  goodness  of  God  am  again  able  to  go  out.  I  do  assure  you 
a  Camp  in  such  a  Wilderness  is  a  horrid  place  to  be  sick  in.  It  made 
me  feel  the  loss  of  my  humble  Cot  and  dear  family  with  double  force. 
I  pant  eagerly  after  that  domestic  felicity  of  which  I  have  allways  been 
so  large  a  partaker,  and  expect  to  take  my  leave  of  the  Army  in  a  few 
weeks,  but  whether  I  shall  obtain  my  desires  of  sinking  into  my  wished 
for  obscurity,  in  the  silent  enjoyment  of  those  invaluable  Pleasures 
incompatible  with  publick  Life,  I  know  not;  but  rather  hope  for  it,  than 
think  it  will  be  affected. 

My  kindest  Love  and  best  wishes  attend  you  with  Miss  Stedman,  who 
I  hope  has  not  forgot  her  old  Friend  who  I  can  assure  her  often  thinks 
of  her. 

I  am  my  Dr  Madam,  with  great  respect  and  Esteem 

Your  most  Affect6  and 

very  Hble  Serv* 

Elias  Boudinot. 
Mrs.  Ferguson. 

Andrew  Eobeson  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Philad"  July  8th  1778. 
Madam 

Severe  Heats  and  unexpected  Business,  at  Potts  Town,  so  long  de- 
layed my  Return,  that  I  could  not  indulge  the  pleasure  I  promised 
myself  in  a  Visit  to  Graeme  Park. 

Col:  Boudinot,  whom  you  mention,  came  with  me  down  to  the  City. 
From  him  I  learned  of  your  having  reached  Home,  and  that  he  had 
seen  and  perused  the  Memorial.  He  hinted  the  Mistakes  mentioned  in 
your  Letter.  The  first  as  to  the  Date  is  material.  The  last  is  scarcely 
worth  Attention,  as  the  other  Facts  stated  in  the  Course  of  the  Narra- 
tive, shew  most  clearly  that  Mr  Ferguson  was  not  an  Ihalitcmt  of 

14  Morven,  country  seat  of  Richard  Stockton. 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grame.         293 

America  at  any  time  after  the  Declaration  of  Independance,  but  as  a 
Subject  of  Britain.  I  shall  however,  as  soon  as  possible,  see  the 
Secretary  and  have  both  Errors  rectified. 

Gen1  Roberdeau,  I  am  told  by  Mr  Stedman,  has  already  interfered  in 
the  Business,  and  informs  that  Matters  are  now,  thro  his  Means,  so 
circumstanced  as  that  no  further  immediate  Steps  will  be  taken.  I 
wish  Time  wou'd  have  permitted  my  seeing  him  previous  to  the  De- 
parture of  this;  but  since  that  will  not  be,  I  can  only  assure  you  of 
his  having  an  early  Visit,  and  you  the  best  and  most  speedy  Infor- 
mation of  the  Result  of  it.  If  nothing  important  is  yet  done,  in 
Concert  with  him  &  Colonel  Boudinot,  who  is  sincerly  disposed  to 
afford  his  Assistance.  I  flatter  myself  every  Thing  practicable  will 
be  accomplished. 

Mrs  Bond  tells  me  some  persons  have  advised  an  Assignment  or 
Conveyance  to  be  executed  to  them  for  the  whole  or  a  part  of  your 
Estate.  I  can  see  no  possible  Good  likely  to  arise  from  such  a  Step; 
and  if  the  Advice  is  not  to  be  charged  to  want  of  Knowledge.  I  should 
suspect  something  more  amiss.  My  best  Counsel  (and  it  is  disin- 
terested) is  that  you  go  not  into  such  a  Measure  uncautiously. 

I  feel  the  Honor  done  me  by  the  friendly  &  flattering  Invitation  to 
Graeme  Park,  &  shall  never  be  wanting  in  Inclination  to  accept  it. 
Time,  and  the  important  Concern  of  others,  interested  to  my  Care  and 
Attention,  at  present,  continue  Obstacles  to  that  pleasure,  and  allow 
me  only  to  assure  that  my  best  Services  await  your  Commands,  and  that 
I  am  with  the  truest  Esteem. 

Your  most  obd* 
very  hb1  Serv* 

Andrew  Robeson18 


Andrew  Robeson  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Philad'  July  12th  1778 
Madam 

Since  I  had  the  honor  of  writing  you  the  last  Week  I  visited  Mr 
Roberdeau  and  had  some  Conversation  with  him  relative  to  your  Case 
and  the  Measures  he  had  taken  therein. 

I  find  his  plan  is  to  petition  the  Chief  Justice  to  allow  a  proper 
portion  of  the  Estate  for  your  maintenance  after  the  Day  assigned  for 
Mr.  Ferguson's  Surrender  is  past  and  he  is  (by  not  surrendering)  at- 
tainted— is  adjudged  guilty  of  the  Crime  of  Treason. 

'Tis  true  the  Chief  Justice  [McKean]  has  power  to  make  an  Allow- 
ance and  is  not  limited  as  to  the  Amount  but  at  best' this  shou'd  be  the 
last  resourse.  I  mention  these  Things  least  the  Intelligence  (of  the 
General's  Interposition)  in  my  Letter  should  have  lulled  you  into  a 

15  Andrew  Robeson,  attorney  at  law,  admitted  to  practice  before  the 
Philadelphia  courts  about  1773,  d.  May  28,  1781,  aged  29  years. 


294         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grame. 

Supposed  Security  and  prevent  your  taking  other  and  more  proper 
Measures  for  the  preservation  of  your  Interest. 

Mr.  Matlack  has  been  waited  on  and  Alterations  made  agreeably  to 
your  Desire.  I  have  not  seen  Col.  Boudinot  sine  We  arrived  together 
here — Nor  yet  know  the  Result  of  a  Conference  Mr.  Roberdeau  was  to 
have  had  with  him.  Whenever  I  learn  depend  on  the  first  Information. 

Tomorrow  I  go  for  Allen  Town  on  Business  which  will  engage  me 
near  a  Week.  The  moment  of  my  Return  will  be  devoted  to  your 
Service  Happy  and  fully  compensated  if  I  can  accomplish  your  Wishes 
or  alleviate  in  the  slightest  Degree  the  Sufferings  of  one  for  whom  I 

feel  the  highest  Respect  &  Esteem. 

Your  obed*  humbl  Serv* 

A.  Robeson. 

Decree. 
Elizabeth  Fergusson  vs.  Hugh  Fergussoris  Estate. 

A  List  of  sundry  Articles  of  Furniture  dc  requested  by  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Fergusson  to  be  left  with  Tier  for  her  Accommodation  until  the  Horib1' 
the  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania  do  ascertain  the 
Claim  upon  her  Husband's  Estate  &  take  further  Order  therein. 

Furniture  of  a  Parlor. 

Six  old  Windsor  Chairs  with  their  Cushions — 

one  small  dining  Table — 

one  large  do. 

one  small  old  Mahogany  Table  with  the  Set  of  enamelled  Tea  China 

usuall  standing  on  it. 

one  small  marble  Slab  Side  board,  one  glass  Bowl 
one  old  Card  Table 
one  newer  do. 
one  round  Breakfast  Table 
three  looking  Glasses  which  usually  hang  in  the  Parlour  with  twelve 

small  medal  Plaister  of  Paris  the  heads  of  the  Poets — 
twelve  Pictures  of  Birds,  3  of  them  broken  by  Accident  at  the  Time  of 

Inventorying 
one  very  small  book  Case 
four  old  green  worsted  Window  Curtains  for  the  4  Windows  in  the 

Parlour. 

one  pair  of  Parlour  brass  And  Irons  Shovel  &  Tongs, 
two  old  Maps  two  Decanters  2  Tumblers  &  II  Wine  Glasses 
an  eight  day  Clock  a  Harpsichord  with  its  Stand  &  the  Carpet  usually 

on  the  floor 

Furniture  of  a  Bed  Chamber. 

one  bed,  one  bedstead  with  Curtains,  one  Down  Covering  with  a  Cotton 
Tick,  four  Blankets,  two  pair  of  Sheets,  one  Quilt  &  a  white  Counter- 
pain,  two  pillows  with  Cases  &  a  Bolster 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         295 

one  bed,  one  bedstead,  without  Curtains,  four  Blankets,  two  pair  of 
sheets  one  Quilt  &  Counterpain,  a  bolster  &  two  pillows  with  cases 
for  the  Servant  Maid — 

two  small  Pine  Tables  with  the  old  dressing  Glass  standing  on  one  of 
them 

two  small  looking  Glasses  with  Gilt  Frames 

six  Chairs  with  the  old  Arm  Chair 

two  small  Pictures  about  6  Inches  by  3,  1  Death's  Head  do.  5  by  6 — 

one  Crocadile  in  Needle  Work  by  Mrs.  Graeme — 

two  blue  worsted  Window  Curtains. 

one  Desk,  one  small  Cabinet,  one  Wash  hand  Stand,  one  writing  do—- 
one Warming  Pan 

one  Japan  Candlestick — 

one  Pair  of  And  Irons  Shovel  &  Tongs 

one  old  Trunk — 

one  fringe  Loom  &  Stand — 


Kitchen  Furniture. 

one  fish  Kettle —  one  Spinning  Wheel — 

one  Copper  Plate  Warmer —  one  Reel — 

one  preserving  Pan —  one  Long  Wheel — 

one  Stew  Pan —  two  Iron  Pots — 

one  frying  Pan —  one  small  Kettle — 

one  grid  Iron  two  Pot  Racks — 

one  brass  Kettle  two  Washing  Tubs — 

one  jack —  one  Pail — 

one  cullender  one  Pewter  Bason 

one  Pewter  Dish,  one  Turine  for  Soup  with  Dish,  Queens  Ware — 

one  pair  of  Iron  And  Irons  Shovels  and  Tongs — 

one  Clever,  two  Kitchen  Tables — 

one  Dough   Trough,    three    dozen    Candle    Moulds    &    one    large   glass 

Lanthorn. 

The  books  consist  of  four  hundred  Volumes  many  of  which  are  not 
bound  &  of  those  which  are  130  are  the  property  of  different  Gentle- 
men whose  Names  are  in  them 

Memo   the   three    Stands   were    inventoried   under    the   Appellation   of 
Tables  but  are  only  16  Inches  square — The  Plate  Warmer  also  was 
inventoried  under  the  Appellation  of  an  Oven 
fifteen  Bushels  of  Buckwheat — 
fifteen  Bushels  of  Indian  Corn — 
one  &  a  half  Bush,  of  Salt — 
fifty  Bushels  of  Wheat- 
twelve  Bushels  of  Rye — 
forty  Bushels  of  Oats — 
five  Tons  Hay — 
All  the  Flax  valued  at  £4.10.0— 


296         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grame. 

Pennsylvania  ss. 

The  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  have  taken  the  foregoing  Appli- 
cation into  Consideration  and  thereupon  decree  that  the  several  Articles 
contained  therein  remain  in  the  Possession  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Ferguson 
unsold  'till  the  said  Justices  shall  take  further  Order  therein,  the  said 
Mrs  Elizabeth  Ferguson  having  given  Security  to  the  State  for  the 
producing  said  Articles  when  &  where  the  Justices  afsd  shall  award 
Given  under  our  Hands  at  Philadelphia  the  8th  Day  of  October  1778. 

Tho8  M'Kean, 
Will:  A.  Atlee, 
John  Evans. 

And  now  to  wit  17th  June  1780  Present  the  Chief  Justice  and  Justice 
Bryan  the  before  recited  Articles  are  decreed  to  the  said  Elizabeth  Fer- 
guson absolutely  and  as  her  own  Property  for  her  Maintenance  She 
applying  to  the  Agents  of  forfeited  Estates  for  the  County  of  Philadel- 
phia to  have  a  just  and  true  Appraizment  made  of  the  said  several 
Articles  and  such  Valuation  being  returned  into  the  Office  of  Prothono- 
tory  of  the  Supreme  Court  with  all  possible  Expedition. 

From  the  Kecords  p. 
Edw:  Burd  Prot.  Sup  Cour. 

Philadelphia  County  October  15th  1778 
Mrs.  Elisebeth  Fergesan 

Bought  at  the  Vendue 

to  1  easy    Chair  • 1.11.0 

to  1  Saraes  1  Candlestick  &c 3.  0.0 

to  1  Bedsteadt  6.  0.0 

to  1  drawer    4.10.0 

to  1  Bedsteadt     4.  5.0 

to  1     of    do   5.  0.0 

to  1     of     do   1.12.0 

to  4  Flower   Cashes    1.10.0 

to  4  Bush  Bottom  Chairs  4.  0.0 

to  2  Red  Sows  and  Pigs 9.  0.0 

to  2  white    of    do   10.  0.0 

to  1  pr.  of  small  scales  and  weights 2.  1.0 

to  1  Table  Cloath   0.  9.6 

to  1  marvel  mortar 0.10.0 

£55.  8.6 

This  is  to  Certify  that  Mrs  Elisabeth  Fergesan  has  Bought  the  above 
Enumerated  Artickles  at  the  publick  Sale  of  Hugh  Fergesan  Estate 
Confiscated 

Received  the  above  Contents  in  full 

George  Smith  agent. 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         297 

Sarah  Barton  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Nov.  18th.  1778 
My  Dear  Mrs.  Furguson. 

I  make  no  doubt,  from  the  friendship  that  has  ever  subsisted  between 
us,  that  it  will  give  you  pleasure  to  hear  of  my  safe  arival  at  New 
York;  Especially  when  I  assure  you  that  I  mett  with  no  difficulty  or 
interruptions  on  my  Journey  in  any  respect  whatever.  But  what  most 
induces  me  to  write,  is  to  let  you  know  that  I  have  had  the  pleasure 
of  Mr.  Furguson's  Company  to  send  an  afternoon  and  evening  with  me 
at  different  times;  I  do  not  flatter  my  friend  when  I  tell  her  that  he 
is  extreamly  esteem'd  &  valued  by  every  one  that  know  him — Indeed 
his  prudent  conduct  &  retir'd  manner  of  life  Entitles  him  to  your 
highest  regard  &  affection;  However  unfortunate  he  may  be  in  thus 
being  seperated  from  you. — We  already  appear  as  old  acquaintances,  our 
conversation  generally  tends  one  way.  He  is  greatly  distress'd  on  your 
aiccount  &  what  to  advice  him  or  you  in  so  delicate  a  case  is  more  than 
I  am  able;  But  whatever  course  you  steer,  may  Heaven  guide  you!  is 
the  sincere  prayer  of  your  friend.  Doctr  Bard's  family  Join  Mr. 
Barton  &  myself  in  Compts  to  Miss  Stedman  &  yourself  &  believe  me  to 
be  with  unfeigned  regard 

your  affect  friend 

S.  Barton 

Joseph  Reed  to  Mrs.  Stockton. 

Philad.  June  14,  1779 
Madam. 

I  was  lately  favoured  with  a  very  kind  &  polite  Letter  from  you 
delivered  me  by  D.  I  recollect  with  Pleasure  the  scenes  to  which  you 
so  obligingly  allude,  scenes  which  no  Change  of  Time  or  Circumstances 
can  ever  obliterate;  and  shall  think  myself  happy  in  every  Opportunity 
to  manifest  a  grateful  sense  of  the  favorable  Sentiments  you  express 
towards  me.  As  to  the  Lady  who  is  the  Subject  of  our  Concern  I  hope 
she  &  you  will  do  me  the  Justice  to  believe  I  sincerly  pity  &  sympathise 
with  her  in  the  Misfortune  which  have  clouded  her  Prospects  &  em- 
bittered her  Life  &  notwithstanding  my  Conduct  has  not  been  in  all 
Respects  understood  my  Wishes  &  Intentions  ever  were  to  soften  her 
Calamities  to  the  most  of  my  Power.  If  all  cannot  be  done,  which  the 
kindness  of  private  Friendship  may  expect  I  trust  it  will  be  imputed 
to  the  Restraints  of  publick  Character  which  sometimes  clash  with  pri- 
vate Feelings. 

It  is  a  favourable  Circumstance  for  Mrs.  Ferguson  that  the  Powers 
which  can  contribute  most  to  her  Relief  are  lodged  in  the  Hands  of 
Gentlemen  of  Tenderness  &  Consideration  who  have  in  all  Cases  hitherto 
shewn  the  most  favourable  Attention  to  Distress  like  hers,  &  it  cannot 
be  doubted  they  will  shew  a  proper  Liberality  of  Sentiment  when  her 
Case  comes  judicially  before  them. 


298         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme. 

Upon  this  as  well  as  all  other  Occasions  allow  me  to  subscribe  myself, 

Madam, 

Your  most  Obed  & 

very  Hble  Serv 

Jos.  Reed.19 

Rev.  William  White  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Dear  Madam. 

I  sit  down  to  give  you  ye  substance  of  a  conversation  between  y*  chief 
Justice  &  me  on  ye  subject  of  your  letter  to  him.  With  regard  to  your 
Fee  simple  in  ye  Estate,  he  said  there  could  be  no  doubt  &  having  never 
heard  it  questioned  he  returned  ye  papers  accompanying  your  letter, 
wch  I  now  enclose.  He  agreed  with  you  y*  before  ye  Estate  is  sold  this 
circumstance  ought  to  be  clearly  advertised,  said  y4  an  order  for  that  pur- 
pose ought  to  be  given  by  ye  supreme  court  &  all  ye  Judges  will  not  meet 
before  Sepr  next,  threw  out  what  I  understood  to  be  an  intimation  of 
his  intending  to  stop  ye  sale  till  that  time,  saying  he  supposed  it  would 
not  take  place  sooner  &  y1  he  would  speak  about  it;  he  advises  you  to 
send  to  y6  court  when)  [torn]  "A  claim"  in  a  legal  form  (wc  he  said 
any  Gentn  of  y*  Bar  could  draw  for  you)  setting  forth  your  being  vested 
with  a  Fee  simple  in  ye  Estate  by  your  Fathers  will,  your  marriage  with 
Mr  Ferguson  &c.  .  .  .  I  told  him  I  presumed  your  Application  to 
him  as  a  matter  of  right  need  not  prevent  your  application  to  another 
Quarter  for  favor — he  said  by  no  means  &  y*  you  would  have  an  op- 
portunity as  y6  Assembly  will  meet  one  of  ye  last  days  in  Aug8t  he 
seemed  unacquainted  with  ye  foundation  of  ye  difference  in  [torn]  where 
ye  right  of  redressing  you  lay  whether  in  y*  Body  or  in  ye  Executive 
council;  but  observed  y*  in  a  new-settled  Government  such  differences 
will  necessarily  arise  &  agreed  with  me  in  opinion  y4  if  you  had  mis- 
taken or  shd  hereafter  mistake  as  to  ye  Body  to  whom  you  ought  to 
apply,  none  can  be  offended  at  it,  because  every  one  must  be  convinced 
y*  your  object  is  not  to  recede  on  ye  merits  of  such  a  Question.  In 
ye  course  of  our  conversation  ye  chief  Justice  took  notice  y1  by  your 
letter  you  appeared  not  to  know,  y*  ye  posessor  of  an  Estate,  not  having 
a  fee  simple  thein,  has  no  right  to  commit  waste;  I  answered  y*  un- 
doubtedly he  had  not,  but  y*  there  might  be  a  difficulty  in  procuring 
compensation  if  he  shd  take  y1  liberty;  he  replied  y*  if  such  a  person 
shd  be  committing  waste,  ye  supreme  court  on  proof  being  made  of  ye 
fact,  were  bound  to  issue  an  Injunction  to  him  to  forbear  &  on  his 
persisting  therein  have  ye  power  of  fining  &  imprisoning.  ...  He 
spoke  of  ye  allowance  to  be  made  out  of  ye  proceeds  of  ye  Estates  of 
persons  attainted  &  said  ye  supreme  Court  had  adopted  ye  rule  pre- 

18  Mrs.  Fergusson  has  endorsed  on  back  of  this  letter :  "To  Mrs.  Stock- 
ton in  Reply  to  a  letter  she  wrote  Mr.  Reed  about  Mrs.  Fergusson's 
Estate  being  forfeited — that  part  which  Mr.  Fergusson  [torn]  by  an 
Intermarriage  with  her." 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         299 

scribed  by  law  in  ye  case  of  those  who  die  intestate — wc  allows  to  y» 
Widow  one  third  &  in  case  of  no  children,  one  half;  but  said  y*  from 
this  rule  they  deviated  in  certain  circumstances  &  mentioned  ye  Edu- 
cation &  rank  in  life  of  ye  party  concerned  as  causes  y*  had  induced 
y*  Court  to  allow  more  than  what  wd  sqare  with  y°  said  plan. 
I  thought  it  proper  to  ralate  this  part  of  y*  conversation  tho  I  sincerely 
hope  you  [torn]  be  intersted  in  it;  but  if  it  should  come  to  that,  I  hope 
you  will  not  consider  me  as  obtruding  my  advice  on  you  when  [torn]  y* 
were  it  my  case,  I  would  not  lose  y«  fruits  of  my  Father's  [torn]  for 
want  of  asking  for  them. 

M*  McKean  on  reading  y*  part  of  your  letter  relating  to  your  grain 
&c  said  y*  he  could  give  no  particular  answer,  not  recollecting  ye  sub- 
stance of  ye  order  of  y°  Court  in  your  favor — but  had  [torn]  doubt  y* 
sd  Court  on  it's  appearing  y*  you  did  not  receive  ye  benefit  intended, 
would  rectify  ye  mistake. 

I  have  given  you  ye  Substance  of  this  conversation  as  faithfully  as  my 
memory  will  permit  &  am,  dear  Madam 

Your  very  humble  Serv* 

Wm  White11 
Philad"  July  20th  1779. 

P.S.  I  find  from  Mr  Stedman  y*  you  have  been  informed  ye  Vestry  are 
going  to  let  your  Seat  in  ye  Church;  be  assured  y*  there  has  been  no 
foundation  for  such  a  report  in  ye  case  of  yourself  or  any  other  person. 

Elias  Boudinot  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Baskenridge  Dec'  28th  1779 
My  dear  Madam — 

This  first  convenient  Opportunity  that  has  offered  since  our  arrival 
at  this  little  Cott,  I  embrace  with  Pleasure,  to  inform  you  of  the 
pleasant  Jaunt  we  enjoyed  on  our  return,  with  the  happy  sight  of  our 
friends  here  the  very  Evening  before  the  change  of  weather.  My  little 
Susan18  often  talks  with  great  Glee  of  Graeme  Park;  and  her  hospitable 
reception  there  affords  a  fruitfull  Source  for  many  an  evening  Conver- 
sation. 

In  performance  of  my  Promise,  have  carefully  searched  all  my  Books 
on  the  Subject  of  Whitening  Wax,  and  enclose  the  result  of  my  En- 
quiries. If  it  answers  no  other  End,  it  may  prove  a  little  amusement 
to  you  on  a  Summers-day  in  Manufacturing  what  you  may  consume  in 
your  own  family,  as  the  Process  is  not  laborious. 

The  Army  are  encamped  just  in  our  Neighborhood;  indeed  the  right 
wing  is  on  my  Land,  and  is  troublesome  enough,  but  as  it  is  un- 
doubtedly for  the  publick  Good,  we  suffer  in  Silence,  without  a  Com- 
plaint. 

"  Rector  of  Christ  P.  E.  Church. 

18  Later  wife  of  William  Bradford,  Attorney  General  of  U.  S.  under 
Washington. 


300         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme. 

I  have  lately  heard  from  my  Brother  and  Mr.  Smith's  family  who 
are  all  recovered  from  their  late  Indisposition  and  I  hope  will  regain 
a  good  degree  of  Health. 

No  News  stirring  but  the  Sailing  of  two  large  fleets  from  New  York 
within  a  few  Days.  Gen.  Clinton  &  Lord  Cornwallis  are  both  said  to 
be  on  Board.  Their  destination  is  kept  a  profound  Secret.  By  the 
London  Papers  it  also  appears  that  the  English  army  in  the  East 
Indies  is  totally  cut  off.  This  you  have  undoubtedly  heard  from  the 
publick  Papers,  as  well  as  the  burning  of  the  Ships  in  the  Harbour  of 
Hull  on  the  Humber,  by  a  Continental  Frigate  and  a  little  fleet  of 
armed  Vessels,  in  retailiation  for  the  Conflagration  in  New  England. 
No  Houses  or  private  Property  on  Shore  were  suffered  to  be  injured 
in  the  least.  The  whole  Island  of  Great  Brittain  was  greatly  alarmed 
and  much  Confusion  ensued,  as  the  Combined  fleets  were  still  in  the 
Channel. 

I  am  in  great  Expectation  of  a  Peace  in  the  Spring,  which  I  most 
devoutly  &  ardently  pray  for.  I  am  greatly  encouraged  by  finding  the 
same  Sentiments  prevailing  at  Head  Quarters. 

I  have  been  reading  your  Telemachus,  with  more  Pleasure  &  In- 
struction than  you  can  imagine.  I  could  say  many  Things  on  that  Sub- 
ject, but  for  the  present  forbear. 

I  beg  you  to  accept  of  the  most  affectionate  Congratulations  of  the 
Season,  in  which  I  most  cordially  include  your  good  Miss  Stedman. 
May  you  both  enjoy  the  substantial  felicity  of  real  Contentment  and 
the  superior  Pleasures  of  uninterrupted  Friendship  through  this  dreary 
winter,  and  be  happily  prepared  for  that  serene  Peace  &  Tranquility 
which  I  trust  in  a  kind  &  overruling  Providence  will  crown  another  year. 

I  hope  you  have  seen  young  Mr.  Stockton,  which  is  more  than  we 
have  done,  as  he  thought  it  best  to  pass  through  by  the  way  of  Elizabeth, 
and  left  us  far  to  the  Northward. 

Let  us  hear  from  you  by  the  first  convenient  opportunity,  if  it  is 
but  a  Line  to  know  you  are  yet  in  Being. 

Am  my  Dr  Madam 

your  Most  aff.  &  very  Hbl.  Serv. 

Elias  Boudinot. 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Ferguson. 


Rev.  James  Abercrombie  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Philada  June   13,   1780 

Nothing  my  dear  Madm  but  a  continual  state  of  uncertainty  and 
suspense  with  regard  to  your  affairs,  would  have  prevented  your  seeing 
or  hearing  from  me  before  this  time;  for  untill  there  was  a  prospect 
of  something  being  absolutely  determined  with  regard  to  you.  I  thought 
it  would  be  only  teazing,  troublesome  and  unsatisfactory,  to  communi- 
cate the  various  and  often  opposite  sentiments  of  your  friends;  but  as 
every  mode  of  application  has  now  been  tried,  the  interest  of  all  your 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         301 

friends  exerted  to  the  utmost,  every  argument  suggested  in  which 
there  was  the  smallest  probability  of  success,  and  every  measure  been 
adopted  which  might  possibly  prove  beneficial — and  all  to  no  purpose; 
but  rendered  entirely  abortive  by  the  firm  inflexibility  and  resolute 
adherence  of  the  Council  to  their  late  Eesolve;  I  think  it  will  not  be 
difficult  from  collecting  the  different  circumstances  and  answers  which 
have  been  given  now  to  form  a  conjecture  what  their  mode  of  conduct 
will  be  with  regard  to  you;  and  that  you  may  be  the  better  able  to 
judge  yourself,  I  shall  here  endeavor  to  recollect  the  various  Opinions, 
Answers  and  Circumstances,  which  have  occurred  since  I  had  the 
pleasure  of  seeing  you: — 

And  first — Immediately  on  my  arrival  in  Philad"  which  was  at  six 
oClock  I  delivered  all  the  letters  agreeable  to  your  directions — On 
Sunday  Morning  Mr  B,  the  gentleman  who  promised  to  communicate 
the  Sentiments  of  the  Council  with  regard  to  you,  waited  upon  me,  with 
his  and  their  opinion  in  writing  of  which  the  following  is  a  copy — "With 
regard  to  Mrs.  Fergusson  it  appears  to  me  that  "Evil  is  determined." 
The  late  Resolve  of  the  Assembly  respecting  that  Lady  is  considered  by 
the  Council  as  of  no  weight  or  validity.  It  cannot  be  a  Law;  because 
agreeably  to  the  Constitution  it  has  not  the  enaction  stile  of  a  Law,  viz: 
Be  it  enacted  &c,  and  being  under  no  obligation,  they  are  not  disposed 
to  shew  that  lady  any  paricular  favour,  because  she  has  already  re- 
ceived many  favours;  and  she  has  risen  in  her  requests,  and  has  been 
troublesome  and  importunate,  both  in  her  own  name  and  by  her  friends, 
and  she  not  only  corresponds  with,  but  has  also  constantly  remitted  to 
her  husband  such  sums  at  different  times,  as  she  may  have  saved  by 
the  levity  of  the  government;  that  nothing  but  a  Certificate  from  some 
Physician  of  her  state  of  health  so  ill  as  to  be  unfit  for  removing,  will 
prevent  their  extending  to  her  the  force  and  operation  of  their  late 
Resolve;  that  their  authority  for  this  will  be  founded  on  a  former  act 
of  the  Assembly  suspending  the  Habeas  Corpus  act;  and  puting  it  in 
the  power  of  the  Council  to  send  away  suspected  persons. 

From  the  above  grounds  and  Circumstances  it  is  my  opinion  that  it 
will  rather  operate  against  the  Lady  to  trouble  the  Council  in  her 
own  name  or  by  others  with  any  Petition,  at  least  untill  the  govern- 
ment shall  proceed  to  put  their  resolve  with  regard  to  her  into  execu- 
tion; untill  which  time  she  will  seem  to  know  nothing  about  it,  to 
suppose  that  the  resolve  of  the  Assembly  had  operated  to  reverse  the 
attainder  and  Confiscation  of  her  Estate.  It  will  then  be  left  between 
the  Legislative  and  Executive  branches  of  the  government,  And  tho' 
the  Council  will  not  consider  the  Resolve  as  a  law,  yet  I  do  not  think 
they  will  be  disposed  wholly  to  neglect  it,  the  only  thing  they  can  do, 
is  to  order  her  under  guard  to  be  conveyed  to  the  enemy,  and  this 
will  outrage  the  feelings  of  humanity,  and  the  feelings  of  respect  for  the 
assembly  in  such  a  manner,  that  it  will  not  be  easy  to  put  it  in 
execution.  Besides,  as  the  authority  for  Martial  Law  lately  declared 
is  a  Resolve  of  the  assembly,  it  will  not  suit  the  council  altogether  to 
despise  the  authority  of  such  Resolves,  nevertheless  I  would  recommend 


302         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergmson,  nee  Grceme. 

it  to  the  lady,  to  be  ready  both  in  mind  and  in  Circumstances  to  depart 
if  it  shall  be  finally  requisite." 

After  a  little  general  Conversation,  he  read,  and  then  delivered  to  me 
the  above  written  opinions,  with  the  strongest  injunctions  to  profound 
secrecy,  as  the  contrary  would  be  attended  with  very  ill  consequences 
to  himself;  and  said,  that  in  a  firm  reliance  on  your  and  my  honour 
he  had  ventured  to  communicate  them;  in  compliance  with  his  request 
and  my  promise  therefore  Madam  I  judged  it  improper  to  acquaint 
Mess"  White,  Meade,  Smith,  or  any  other  of  your  friends  with  the 
Circumstance  and  make  no  doubt  you  will  coincide  with  me,  particularly 
as  the  Communication  of  it  could  not  be  attended  with  any  beneficial 
Consequences,  the  affair  has,  and  will  remain  with  me  a  profound  secret. 

I  should  now  Madm  agreeably  to  my  intention  when  I  first  sat  down 
to  write,  enter  upon  the  several  opinions  of  your  particular  friends 
(who  tho'  differing  in  some  points  universally  agree  in  this,  that  you 
should  without  doubt  remain  on  the  farm  at  <all  events,}  but  being  un- 
expectedly interrupted  during  the  time  I  had  set  apart  for  addressing 
you,  I  must  beg  leave  to  defer  them  untill  some  other  opportunity. 

In  the  mean  time,  I  remain,  Madm 

Yours  &c 

J.  Abercrombie1* 
Best  Compts  to  Miss  Stedman, 

The  Chief  Justice  has  interested  himself  wramly  in  your  favour;  he 
has  applied  to  the  President  but  entirely  without  effect  &  was  told 
that  the  Council  having  entered  into  the  resolve  from  a  mature  con- 
sideration and  ample  discussion  of  the  subject  rendered  and  discrimi- 
nation absolutely  impossible;  however,  Mr.  McKean  has  given  the 
strongest  assurance  that  everything  which  depends  upon  them  shall  be 
terminated  in  your  favour,  &  has  promised  that  in  the  course  of  next 
week  he  will  call  the  court,  and  not  only  give  up  entirely  the  furniture 
of  the  two  rooms  and  Kitchen,  but  will  also  make  an  allowance  for  the 
deficiency  of  the  Wheat — Notwithstanding  Madm  things  appear  publickly 
so  unfavourable  with  regard  to  the  President  &  Council  I  can  assure 
you  from  a  private  channel  which  I  am  not  at  liberty  to  mention  in 
a  letter  that  they  have  no  serious  intention  of  sending  you  off  &  mean 
to  wink  at  your  remaining  on  the  farm  after  the  ten  days  are  expired, 
but  as  they  are  desirous  of  getting  rid  of  the  most  obnoxious  in  that 
time,  they  would  not  give  to  you  or  any  other  individual  in  the  same 
predicament  a  public  assurance  of  exemption — but  this  is  entr§  nous — 

My  Mother  is  in  real  distress  for  your  Situation,  &  Mr.  S.  has  lost 
the  power  of  speech  on  that  subject,  &  can  only  raise  his  hands  &  eyes 
to  heaven — Mr.  Meade  would  have  wrote  to  you  had  not  business  pre- 
vented. There  is  to  be  a  grand  Town  meeting  tomorrow  to  send  off 
suspicious  Persons — This  I  think  is  the  Adamant  age  of  the  world,  was 

19  Rev.  James.  Abercrombie,  son  of  Capt.  James  Abercrombie,  who  was 
lost  at  sea  in  1760. 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme.         303 

I  to  preach  a  Sermon  on  any  public  occasion  at  present  my  Text  would 
be  from  the  Revelations — The  Devil  is  come  amongst  you  having  great 
wrath,  because  he  knoweth  he  hath  but  a  short  time. 

Adieu 

J.  A. 

Dr.  William  Smith  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 
Dear  Madam 

To  a  heart  still  bleeding  with  its  own  recent  wounds,  the  new  scene 
of  distress  that  seems  now  to  be  opening  upon  you,  is  a  most  painful  & 
overwhelming  circumstance.  I  had  heard  nothing  of  the  late  measures 
of  Council  till  I  saw  them  in  the  papers,  &  truely  shock'd  I  was,  on 
your  account  particularly. 

I  intended  to  have  done  myself  the  melancholy  pleasure  of  a  visit  to 
Graeme  Park  immediately  on  this  business,  but  could  not  make  it  con- 
venient. Mp  Abecrombie's  going  will  answer  every  purpose,  as  he  will 
be  able  to  give  you  the  views  of  your  friends  here  &  every  necessary  in- 
formation. 

Your  letter  to  Mr  Reed  I  delivered,  &  will  briefly  relate  the  manner 
in  which  I  was  receiv'd,  &  the  Substance  of  what  passed. 

Upon  your  letter  being  presented,  &  being  inform'd  it  came  from  you, 
he  expressed  himself  rather  in  a  hasty  manner,  intimating  that  you  & 
your  friends  had  been  too  importunate  with  respect  to  your  affairs  in 
general.  I  replied  instantly  (being  a  little  touch'd  with  this  intro- 
duction to  the  business)  that  however  disagreable  &  stale  (ye  word 
used  by  him)  applications  made  in  your  favour  might  appear  to 
gentlemen  in  power;  it  was  not  the  less  interesting  to  you  to  have  a 
just  &  favourable  attention  paid  to  them.  He  then  proceeded  to  the 
perusal  of  your  letter,  making  some  strictures  upon  certain  parts  of 
it,  not  very  essential  to  ye  main  business.  After  having  read  it,  he 
said,  he  did  not  know  what,  or  whether  any  thing  could  be  done  for 
you:  that  the  Council  after  the  fullest  discussion  of  the  subject,  &  at 
a  full  board,  had  enter'd  unanimously  into  the  measure,  &  he  did  not 
for  his  part  know,  how  they  could  discriminate.  That  he  lamented  your 
Situation,  &  was  there  only  a  single  case  of  the  kind,  it  would  be  an 
easy  matter  to  determine  it.  He  would,  however,  lay  your  letter  before 
Council;  but  could  give  you  no  encouragement,  unless  the  resolve  itself 
should  be  rescinded,  which  there  was  no  probability  off.  He  then 
enter'd  generally  into  the  reasons  which  induced  the  Council  to  pass 
such  a  resolution;  which  indeed  are  very  satisfactory  with  respect  to 
those  who  actually  carry  on  a  correspondence  of  a  political  nature  with 
their  Husbands,  in  the  present  critical  Situation  of  our  public  affairs. 
But  that  the  resolve  should  extend  to  innocent  people,  who  carry  on  no 
such  correspondence,  &  are  willing  to  disclose  every  letter  that  has 
passed  &  repassed,  is  highly  unjust  &  cruel.  Whatever  offence  I  may 
have  given,  I  did  not  fail  to  distinguish  between  the  one  case  &  the 
other  to  Mr  R — d,  &  in  every  thing  that  concern'd  your  wellfare  to 
speak  with  becoming  freedom,  tho  I  hope  with  respect. 


304         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

What  may  be  the  result  of  this  &  other  applications  of  your  good 
friends  here  who  have  been  assiduous,  I  do  not  pretend  to  determine.  I 
must  acknowledge,  with  a  heart  sincerely  affected  with  your  com- 
plicated distresses,  that  from  every  appearance  of  declaration  of  those 
who  have  the  direct  management  of  the  affair,  no  indulgence  is  to  be 
expected.  It  pains  me,  my  Dear  Madam,  beyond  description,  to  convey 
you  such  unwellcome  tidings,  &  to  believe  that  what  you  dread  will  be 
realised.  As  an  Antidote  to  the  seeming  determination  of  the  Council, 
I  have  made  it  my  business  to  consult  several  Gentlemen  of  solid  judge- 
ment on  your  case — who,  tho  they  are  not  concerned  either  in  framing 
or  putting  into  execution  these  mandates,  are  nevertheless  fully  ac- 
quainted with  the  state  of  public  matters,  &  know  what  are  or  ought  to 
be  the  views  &  determinations  of  ye  Council  in  ye  case  referred  to. 

These  Gentlemen  have  told  me,  that  they  could  not  conceive  that 
Council  really  meant  to  send  you  away.  That  the  resolution  was  prob- 
ably only  meant  to  extend  to  some  of  the  more  obnoxious  characters,  but 
that  as  many  such  might  be  included  as  possible;  you  or  your  friends 
should  not  look  for  any  condescension  or  even  an  appearance  or  re- 
laxing at  first,  lest  it  might  frustrate  the  whole  design. 

This  however  is  only  the  opinion  of  Individuals,  deliver'd  to  me  in 
confidence,  as  such  you  will  receive  it,  &  give  it  such  weight  as  you 
think  it  merits.  I  confess,  it  coincided  with  my  own  judgement  fonn'd 
on  ye  occasion,  after  mature  deliberation.  Upon  the  whole  I  still 
think,  as  I  did  at  first,  that  you  had  better  remain  quiet  where  you 
are  at  all  events.  In  ye  mean  time  no  exertions  of  mine,  however  small 
my  influence,  shall  be  wanting,  nor,  I'll  answer  for  it,  of  many  of  your 
other  friends,  who  may  have  more,  to  do  for  you  what  can  possibly 
be  done.  God  grant  that  you  may  soon  see  a  happy  turn  to  your  affairs. 

I  promise  myself  a  ride  to  Graeme  Park  as  soon  as  business  will  per- 
mit—A am 

Dear  Madam,  yr  Sincere  frd  &  H  Serv* 

W.  Smith20 
Philada  June  13th  1780. 

Rev.  James  Alercrombie  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 
D*  Madm 

MP  Meade  and  I  would  have  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  you  on  Sunday 
last,  had  not  that  gentleman  been  seized  with  a  Fever  about  an  hour 
before  the  time  appointed  for  our  departure;  he  is  better  today,  tho' 
still  confined  to  his  Chamber;  and  as  it  may  be  the  latter  end  of  this 
week  or  beginning  of  next,  before  he  can  pay  his  intended  visit,  I  take 

20  Dr.  William  Smith,  a  graduate  of  the  Medical  Department,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  whose  wife,  Ann  Young,  a  niece  of  Mrs.  Fer- 
gusson, died  two  months  prior  to  the  date  of  this  letter.  In  1791  Dr. 
Smith  became  the  owner  of  Graeme  Park. 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         305 

this  earliest  opportunity  to  acquaint  you  with  the  business  which  oc- 
casions it. 

Mr  McKean  the  Chief  Justice  Saturday  last  call'd  the  Court  and 
received  the  approbation  of  the  Judges  to  the  giving  up  absolutely  and 
entirely  the  furniture  of  the  two  Rooms  and  Kitchen  for  which  Gen. 
Roberdeau  was  bound,  and  which  are  now  entirely  at  your  own  disposal. 
The  order  of  the  Court  signed  by  the  Clerk  was  given  by  him  on  Sat- 
urday evening  to  Mr.  Meade.  Mr.  McKean  would  willingly  have  had 
an  allowance  made  for  the  deficiency  in  the  Wheat,  but  as  Wheat  at 
present  is  not  to  be  procured,  and  money  scarce,  the  Court  were  of 
opinion  that  as  all  the  furniture  was  given  up  to  you,  the  Wheat  might 
be  dispensed  with. 

Mrs.  Coxe  setts  off  for  N.  York  in  a  fortnight — Mrs.  White  &  family, 
Mrs.  Delancy  &  Mrs.  Jauncey  are  gone.  From  what  I  can  learn,  no 
public  notice  will  be  taken  of  your  remaining  on  the  farm.  Brigadier 
General  Stirling,  commander  of  the  Highland  Regiment,  in  a  late  skir- 
mish in  the  Jerseys,  received  a  wound  in  his  leg,  which  occasioned  its 
amputation  above  the  knee.  I  have  purchased  two  quire  of  the  best 

s  d 

common  folio  paper  at  3/3  pr  quire;  and  shall  send  it  by  the  first  op- 
portunity— Compts  to  Miss  Stedman — It  is  now  past  eleven  o'Clock,  and 
every  body  in  the  house  asleep  but 

Your  humble  Servant 

J.  Abercrombie 
Philada  June  20th  '80. 

A  Certain  great  personage,  says,  Nothing 
ever  wounded  his  Sensibility  so  keenly,  as 
the  Consideration  of  the  distress  in  which 
Mrs.  Fergusson  is  involved — FUDGE! — 

Original  Copy  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson's  Petition 
to  the  Assembly*1 

TO  THE  HONORABLE  THE  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  THE  FREEMEN  OF  THE 
COMMON  WEALTH  OF  PENNSYLVANIA  IN  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY  MET 

The  Petition  of  Elizabeth  Fergusson  of  Graeme  Park  in  the  County  of 
Philadelphia  most  respectfully  represents 

That  having  seen  an  Act  passed  at  the  last  Session  of  Your  honorable 
House  directing  the  immediate  Sale  of  all  confiscated  Estates  for  the 

21  At  the  end  of  the  petition  Mrs.  Fergusson  has  Written:  "Mrs.  Fer- 
gusson's  Petition  that  was  presented  [torn]  Assembly  March  1  1781. 

"This  Petition  was  drawn  by  a  Worthy  Friend  of  Mine  Andrew 
Robinson  [Robeson],  now  in  his  Grave,  July  9  1781." 

On  the  back  of  the  Petition  the  following: 

"Names   of    Gentlemen   who   Exerted   Their   Influence   in   behalf   of 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 20 


306         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme. 


purpose  of  paying  off  the  Arrearages  of  the  Army  being  informed  and 
believing  that  it  is  but  too  likely  deeply  to  affect  your  Petitioner  by 
depriving  her  of  her  only  Support  She  is  induced  as  briefly  as  the 
Nature  of  her  Case  will  permit  to  state  it's  leading  Circumstances  to 
your  Honors. 

Mp  Ilenry  Hugh  Fergusson  her  Husband  left  America  in  September 
1775  for  the  purpose  of  settling  some  Family  concerns  in  Britain.  And 
in  the  Month  of  March  1777  took  his  Passage  from  Britain  to  Jamaica 
thence  passed  to  New  York  as  the  best  method  in  his  Power,  and  with 
a  full  Determination,  of  returning  to  Graeme  Park  aforesaid.  The 
particular  Situation  of  Things  at  New  York  obliged  him  to  take  the 
Opportunity  of  a  passage  with  the  Fleet  which  went  into  Chesapeake 
And  with  the  British  Army  from  necessity  he  came  as  far  as  the 
Swedes'  Ford  whence  he  wrote  by  a  private  Hand  his  Intentions  of 
returning  immediately  to  the  Farm  aforesaid  but  applying  for  per- 
mission to  pass  from  the  City  was  given  to  understand  that  it  would 
not  be  granted  him.  At  the  same  time  he  was  informed  that  the 
Manner  of  his  coming  into  Pennsylvania  was  such  that  his  adventuring 
to  his  residence  would  be  attended  with  great  Hazzard.  In  the  City 
therefore  but  totally  unconnected  with  the  British  Army  as  to  Service 
or  Appointment  he  continued  untill  the  Month  of  November  following 
when  he  was  induced  to  accept  the  post  of  Commissary  of  Prisoners 
and  your  Petitioner  has  no  doubt  on  Inquiry  it  will  be  found  he 
executed  the  Trust  with  such  Kindness  and  Tenderness  as  will  entitle 


Elizabeth  Fergusson  when  ner  Estate  was  Confiscated,  and  whose  good 
ofices  she  Remembers  with  Gratitude. 


George  Mede  and 
Elias  Boudinot,  my  two 

best  Friends 
Dr.  Rush 
Mr.  FitzSimons 
Mr  Shewell,  nay  Neighbor 
Reverend  Mr.  Irvine  Neighbor 
Mr.  Wyncoop 
Mr  Watts  in  the  Assembly 
Dr.  Bond  and  Son 
Mr.  Roberdeau 
Mr  Powell 
Robert  Lollard 
Mr  Willing 
Jon.  Dickinson 
Reverend  Mr  Hardwick 
Dr.  Phile 
Mr  Clymer 
Dan.  Clymer 


Mr.  Brachenige 

Mr.  Abercrombie 

Reverend  Mr  White  to  Mr 

Mulingberg,  Speaker  of  the 

House  of  Assembly 

Mr  Robert  Morris 

Henry  Hill 

Mr.  Campbell 

Judge  M'Cean  [McKean] 

Mr  Lewis 

Francis  Hopkinson 

Thomas  Mifflin 

Mr  Bayard  Robinson 

Thomas  Franklin 

Judge  Bryant  [Bryan] 

Dr  William  Smith, 

Reverend  Dr  Smith, 

Thomas    Smith, 

Brother  to  the  Reverend  Dr  Smith 

Mr  Wilson,  [Lawyer.] 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Gr&me.         307 

him  to  a  Degree  of  Credit  with  every  humane  Mind.  Further  than  this 
he  has  at  no  Time  to  the  Knowledge  of  your  Petitioner  aided  the  Enemy 
in  the  slightest  Degree  [torn]  to  her  [torn] 

Britain  and  that  [torn]  situation. 

During  these  Transactions  the  Name  of  M™  Fergusson  was  by  the 
honorable  Council  inserted  in  a  Proclamation  and  he  in  the  result 
attainted.  After  which  all  the  Estate  of  your  petitioner  was  seized 
by  Agents  appointed  for  that  purpose  and  the  present  part  thereof 
save  only  a  small  portion  (lent  to  her  for  keeping  of  House)  absolutely 
sold. 

Under  these  Circumstances  she  applied  first  to  the  honorable  Council 
who  afforded  her  no  kind  of  Relief.  She  then  applied  by  Petitions  to 
former  Houses  of  Assembly  who  seemed  disposed  to  shew  an  indulgent 
Countenance  to  her  Cause  and  on  the  last  Petition  a  Committee  being 
appointed  to  inquire  into  her  Case  and  reporting  favorably  a  Resolve 
passed  recommending  to  Council  to  Grant  the  prayer  of  her  Petition. 
This  however  is  considered  by  them  as  not  in  the  least  obligatory  and 
she  has  since  remained  in  a  State  of  the  greatest  Uncertainty  and 
Distress  subject  to  the  Terms  which  an  Agent  may  dictate  and  at 
present  is  subject  to  the  payment  of  a  Rent  as  well  as  the  publick  Taxes. 

perhaps  may  it  please  your  Honors  all  the  Difficulties  which  attended 
her  and  which  would  but  weary  particularly  to  recapitulate,  had  been 
borne  in  silent  resignation  had  not  the  recited  Act  of  Assembly  alarmed 
her  and  as  that  necessarily  obliges  her  to  trouble  this  honable:  House 
she  has  taken  the  Liberty  of  stating  that  part  of  the  Case  relative  to  Mr 
Fergusson's  Conduct,  &  prays  leave  to  pursue  it  so  far  as  more  immed- 
iately concerns  herself. 

The  Estate  of  Graeme  Parke  was  devised  to  your  Petitioner  in  Fee 
Simple  by  her  late  honored  Father  Doctor  Thomas  Graeme — and  having 
never  been  made  over  by  any  Conveyance  to  Mr  Fergusson  nor  having 
had  any  Child  by  him — The  Claim  of  the  State  can  exist  no  longer  than 
during  their  Joint  Lives,  admitting  the  Proclamation  its'  fullest  Force 
against  him  tho'  she  is  informed  by  Gent™  of  Eminence  in  the  Law  that 
not  being  a  Citizen  of  America  at  the  Time  of  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence he  could  not  be  a  proper  Object  of  A  Proclamation  this 
Point  however  she  does  not  mean  to  press  to  your  Honors  being  led 
to  it  almost  imperceptibly  from  the  Nature  of  the  subject.  A  Variety 
of  Causes  have  contributed  to  bring  the  Estate  into  great  Want  of 
Repairs  in  almost  every  part  &  scarce  any  person  chusing  to  lease  it  on 
account  of  the  uncertainty  of  their  Tenure  of  course  the  [torn]  and  the 
Taxes  proportionable  to  the  [two  lines  torn] 

to  [torn]  and  embarrass  your  Petitioner.  She  has  .been  necessiated  to 
take  up  Sums  of  Money  on  Loan  and  finds  herself  notwithstanding  the 
utmost  Frugality  and  Care  involved  in  Difficulties  which  daily  multiply 
And  these  attend  her  (&  which  serve  much  to  embitter  them)  upon 
a  valuable  Tract  of  Land  A  patrimonial  possession  ample  if  in  her 
own  Controul  for  her  Support  and  which  in  the  strictest  Truth  &  with 
the  utmost  Confidence  she  can  say  She  at  least  has  done  nothing  to 


308         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

forfeit  on  the  Contrary  every  thing  in  Tier  Power  to  deserve  from  the 
Hands  of  her  much  loved  Country. 

She  begs  leave  therefore  to  state  to  your  Honors  that  on  a  full  Con- 
sideration &  Inquiry  had  of  her  Case  it  will  appear  that  the  publick  Sale 
of  Mrs  F's  Interest  in  this  Estate  under  all  its  Circumstances  cannot  be 
expected  to  command  a  Sum  of  Money  at  all  important  to  the  publick. 
On  the  other  Hand  the  depriving  her  of  ye  Farm  is  at  once  to  destroy 
the  sole  Support  of  One  who  (must  she  repeat  it)  will  not  be  found  to 
have  deserved  Evil  at  their  Hands,  if  the  best  Wishes  the  most  uniform 
Declarations  and  the  constant  Train  of  little  Services  which  her  Sphere 
of  Action  has  enabled  her  to  perform  are  of  any  avail  in  evincing  it. 

May  she  hope  therefore  that  this  honorable  House  taking  as  they 
always  do  Wisdom  for  their  Guide  and  Justice  and  Humanity  for  their 
Motives  will  be  pleased  in  such  Manner  as  to  them  shall  seem  expedient 
to  relieve  her  from  the  Operation  of  the  recited  Act  of  Assembly  and  by 
a  new  Act  or  as  to  them  may  seem  more  proper  benevolently  relinquish 
the  publick  Claims  of  her  Estate  and  enable  her  to  make  such  Dis- 
position of  it  as  may  be  necessary  for  her  future  Support.  She  natters 
herself  their  own  Feelings  will  never  reproach  them  for  the  Act  And 
Neither  Heaven  nor  Man  "grieve  at  the  Mercy." 

Elizabeth  Fergusson 
Graeme-park  February  the  20  1781. 

Dr.  William  Smith  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 
Dear  Madam 

Your  favr;  inclosing  letters  to  Mr  [Sharpe]  Delany  &  Mr  [George] 
Gray  I  had  the  pleasure  of  duly  receiving.  These  Gentlemen  upon  my 
Delivering  them  your  letters,  &  entering  upon  the  subject  of  your  peti- 
tion, expressed  themselves  favorably  to  your  wishes,  as  have  also  many 
other  Members  of  the  House,  with  whom  I  have  convers'd  upon  the  Sub- 
ject. The  prevailing  idea  of  most  of  those  I  have  spoke  to  seems  to  be, 
that  tho'  the  State  have  an  undoubted  claim  upon  the  estate,  yet,  from 
the  trifling  pittance  it  would  yield  the  State,  &  the  unhappy  situation 
you  would  be  reduced  to,  was  that  claim  to  be  rigidly  enforced,  Govern- 
ment ought  to  relinquish  their  right.  Your  Petition  has  been  once  read 
in  the  House,  &  will  have  another  reading  &  discussion  in  its  turn  with 
other  business.  It  contains  every  thing  necessary.  The  present  is  a  criti- 
cal &  important  period  to  you.  You  must  be  in  a  most  painful  state  of 
anxious  suspence,  from  which  I  hope  you  will  soon  be  agreably  relieved. 
There  is  I  think  every  reason  to  hope  &  expect  this  from  the  present  com- 
plexion of  affairs,  if  the  members  are  sincere  in  their  declarations.  A 
short  time  will  determine  the  matter.  Be  assured,  your  friends  are  not 
inactive,  &  have  the  most  sanguine  hopes. 

I  have  spoke  to  the  Executors  once  &  again  about  the  money  due  from 
the  State  to  Mr  Young's  estate.  They  have  done  &  I  believe  will  do 
all  in  their  power  to  get  it.  There  were  difficulties  formerly  in  settling 
the  matter,  but  much  more  so  now,  that  the  public  finances  are  in  so 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grame.         309 

distracted  a  situation.  In  short  was  the  Account  plain  in  itself,  you 
will  not  wonder  that  the  money  is  not  obtain'd,  when  you  are  told,  that 
the  Treasury  has  for  a  long  time  been  &  continues  to  be  in  so  exhausted 
a  state,  as  not  to  be  able  to  answer  the  most  pressing  demands  upon 
it,  for  the  immediate  &  most  essential  operations  of  the  Army  &c. 

M"  Clymer  continues  very  ill,  &  I  believe  will  not  hold  it  long.  Her 
Brother  the  Gen1  daily  visits  her.  They  seem  very  affectionate. 

Yesterday  commenced  a  new  Ora  in  American  Politicks  by  the  final 
ratification  of  the  Articles  of  Confederation,  which  were  signed  by  all 
the  Members  of  Congress  from  every  state  in  the  Union.  There  were 
rejoicings  of  various  kinds  thro'  the  Day  &  at  night  an  exhibition 
of  Fire-works,  Several  houses  &  ships  illuminated  &c  &c. 

My  bones  are  yet  sore  with  the  pressing  &  pounding  received  the  other 
night  at  the  College,  where  I  was  fool  enough,  with  thousands  of  others, 
to  go  &  see  a  play  performed,  called  Gustavus  Vasa.  It  was  as  much 
like  a  Bull-beat  as  a  play.  Noise,  Shouting  &  ill  Manners  of  every 
kind  &  denomination,  was  all  the  entertainment.  There  must  be  an 
amazing  turn  for  dissipation  at  present  in  this  city,  by  the  vast  crowds 
that  resort  to  such  places.  I  really  think  it  would  afford  Government 
a  great  revenue,  if  they  were  to  open  the  Theatre,  &  employ  a  Company 
of  Comedians  on  public  account  at  once.  You  would  say  perhaps,  it  is 
not  quite  so  congenial  to  the  Spirit  of  a  rising  &  virtuous  Republic; 
yet  I  am  persuaded  if  the  experiment  was  made,  much  of  our  stern 
republican  virtue  would  forsake  us.  It  is  thought,  this  will  be  a  very 
vigorous  Campaign,  especially  to  the  Southward.  Cornwallis  has  made 
rapid  movements  into  the  interior  part  of  the  Country.  No  body  knows 
his  object,  as  he  seems  to  avoid  fighting.  He  is  certainly  playing  a 
very  hazardous  game,  &  if  unsuccessful,  will  loose  his  former  laurells 
&  perhaps  be  shot  by  ye  Sentence  of  a  Court  Martial  for  his  rashness, 
in  penetrating  into  ye  Country  far  from  his  Shipping  with  a  force  in- 
adequate to  his  purpose. 

Compliments  to  Miss  Stedman 

I  am,  yp  Frd  &  H  Serv* 

W.  Smith 
Philad"  March  2d  1781. 


Henry  Hill  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Philada  April  11,  1781 
Madam 

I  have  been  honor'd  with  two  of  your  letters  in  Feby  and  March  and 
only  deferr'd  my  acknowledgments  'till  your  businees  under  the  notice 
of  the  Assembly  should  be  compleated.  That  being  now  done  I  hope  gives 
more  satisfaction  than  by  your  last  letter  seemed  to  be  expected. 

You  will  be  enabled  to  judge  fully  of  the  title  you  are  now  vested 
with  by  perusing  the  enclosed  papers,  if  you  think  it  necessary  to  take 
that  trouble. 

The  House  discovered  so  favorable  a  disposition  towards  you  at  the 


310        Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergus  son,  nee  Gr&me. 

last  reading  of  the  bill  that  I  proposed  to  Mr.  R.  Morris  the  inserting 
the  clause  introduced  in  the  first  draft  and  left  out  of  the  bill  presented 
by  the  Committee,  for  reasons  specified  on  the  back  of  Mr.  Wilson's 
letter  enclosed;  but  Mr.  Morris  supposed  that  wou'd  bring  forth  an  op- 
position to  the  whole,  and  declar'd  both  he  and  Mr.  Wilson  were  now 
satisfied  the  bill  as  it  stands  would  answer  all  purposes. 

Thus  Madam  I  have  endeavor 'd,  tho'  no  lawyer,  to  set  your  rights 
in  a  proper  view,  and  I  take  for  granted  the  words  in  the  bill  "during 
her  Natural  life"  are  void  of  efficacy — a  mere  sound — and  in  their  con- 
sequence can  only  raise  doubts  with  ignorant  or  timid  purchasers. 

It  was  declared  by  several  Members  in  Assembly  at  passing  the  bill 
that  you  should  be  enabled  to  dispose  of  the  lands  at  pleasure,  and  it 
was  the  true  design  of  the  Bill. 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  be  with  sincere  regards 

Madam 

your  Most  obed*  and 
humble  Serv* 

Henry  Hill22 

P.S.  Should  you  experience  any  Material  defect  in  the  present  bill, 
another  attempt  can  be  made  next  Session  of  Assembly  in  Septr  to  get 
it  rectified. 

Dr.  John  Redman  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Philad8  feb^  26,  1782. 
The  night  before  I  was  born. 
My  Dear  Mrs  Ferguson. 

After  the  most  mature  deliberation  I  am  capable  of,  respecting  the 
purport  of  your  letter,  the  sale  of  your  lands;  I  can  hardly  satisfy  my- 
self that  I  am  qualified  to  give  my  advice  determinatly  in  ye  matter; 
I  shall  therefore  only  mention  it  as  my  opinion  that  you  ought  by  no 
means  to  part  with  yc  Mansion  house,  and  that  you  ought  to  keep  two 
hundred  acres  with  it,  or  as  near  that  quantity  as  you  possibly  can,  for 
this  plain  reason  among  many  others,  that  if  hereafter  you  should 
choose  or  find  it  necessary  to  part  with  it,  it  will  sell  much  better  with 
that  than  with  any  lesser  quantity  of  land.  I  am  the  more  satisfyed 
that  my  opinion  is  in  some  degree  well  grounded  that  my  dear  good 
old  wife  concurrs  in  it,  nor  should  I  go  far  beyond  the  truth  if  I  say 
she  first  suggested  it;  and  I  know  her  judgement  and  opinion  is  gen- 
erally agreable  to  you,  at  least  you'l  receive  it  as  the  dictates  of  our 
affection  and  real  wishes  for  your  good. 

I  am  sorry  to  inform  you  that  she  has  been  for  some  days  confind  with 
a  Cold  and  Rhumatism  very  painfull  in  both  hands  and  feet  and  one 
shoulder,  which  she  bore  with  her  usual  patience  and  resignation,  and 

22  Henry  Hill,  a  prominent  merchant,  whose  importations  of  Madeira 
Wine  was  well  known  to  Philadelphians.  At  this  date  he  was  a  member 
of  Assembly. 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         311 

rather  more  than  one  could  expect,  under  the  absence  of  her  dear  child 
and  the  little  prospect  we  have  of  seeing  her  soon.  This  circumstance, 
as  well  as  the  consideration  of  your  affair,  led  my  mind  [undesignedly 
at  first]  to  contemplate  on  what  S*  Paul  says  in  his  1  Epistle  to  y* 
Corinthians,  7th  Ch.  from  the  29th  to  ye  33d  verses:  which  from  the 
effects  I  felt  it  had  on  myself,  I'll  presume  to  recommend  them  to  yr 
perusal  and  attention,  though  I  can  scarcely  suppose  they  have  escaped 
your  especial  notice  till  this  time. 

I  thank  God  for  his  goodness.  I  can  now  inform  you  with  pleasure 
that  my  dear  wife  is  better,  though  still  confined  to  her  bed  most  of  the 
day.  She  and  Nancy  join  in  the  most  cordial  respects  to  you,  Mr.  Mrs. 
and  Miss  Stedman,  with  Dear  Madam  your  affectionate  friend  and  Ser- 
vant 

John  Redman. 

P.S.  I  thought  before  this  time  to  have  wrote  to  you  on  the  subject 
of  your  East  india  Mythology,  etc.,  and  the  only  apology  I  can  make 
is  ye  following,  viz:  That  Time  flies  rapidly,  various  duties  urge  ve- 
hemently, and  the  day  of  human  life  [as  dated  by  David  and  daily  ex- 
perience] is  far  spent  with  me,  and  the  night  of  death  comes  on  apace, 
which  opens  a  boundless  prospect  before  us;  and  that  grim  old  gentle- 
man gave  me  a  smart  shock  lately  on  my  better  side,  to  put  me  in  mind 
that  every  portion  of  Time  is  a  winged  messenger  that  carrys  a  good 
or  evill  report  to  the  higher  court  of  records,  and  therefore  it  behoves 
us  to  catch  each  moment  as  it  flies,  and  if  possible  transmit  with  them 
bills  of  exchange  of  such  validity  as  may  be  answered,  not  with  depre- 
ciating currency,  but  with  gold  tryed  in  the  fire,  which  may  enrich  us 
here,  and  serve  not  only  for  present  expenses  but  future  Exigencies  in 
another  and  far  better  country  to  which  we  are  hastening.  Nevertheless 
if  God  gives  life  and  time  I  hope  to  find  a  more  real  convenient  season 
than  Felix  did,  to  perform  it  with  y*  sincerity  of  a  friend  and  Candor 
of  a  Christian. 

Tuesday  evening,  feb.  15th  O.S. 
26.   N.S. 

Elias  Boudinot  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Philadelphia  March  5th  1782 
My  dear  Madam. 

It  was  not  among  the  smallest  Pleasures  received  by  a  Letter  from 
Graeme  Park,  that  my  good  Mrs.  Ferguson  was  satisfied  with  the  rea- 
sons assigned  for  my  disappointing  her  at  so  critical  a  period.  It  gave 
me  real  uneasiness  to  find  that  you  failed  in  the  intended  Sale,  not  be- 
cause I  think  the  Consequences  will  prove  very  disagreeable,  but  because 
I  know  you  had  set  your  heart  on  it,  and  I  do  not  wish  to  have  the 
smallest  addition  to  the  Afflictions  of  the  Afflicted. 

I  cannot  possibly  approve  of  any  Sale  that  will  separate  the  long 
House  from  the  Mansion  House,  unless  it  should  be  during  the  Time 
necessary  for  the  Purchaser's  building  a  proper  farm  House.  I  have 


312         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

spoke  to  Mr.  Meade,  and  we  mean  to  insert  the  substance  of  your  Ad- 
vertisement in  the  Books  of  the  Several  Land-brokers  in  this  City.  Many 
People  who  are  Speculating  apply  to  these  offices,  who  never  look  at  a 
News  Paper.  If  this  wont  do,  another  attempt  about  the  first  of  Aprill 
to  sell  at  Vendue  perhaps  may  answer  the  Purpose — tho'  as  I  shall  then 
be  in  Jersey  it  would  suit  me  best  about  the  Twenty  fourth  of  March. 
This  is  supposing  a  Sale  to  be  necessary.  But  would  it  not  be  a  bet- 
ter Scheme  to  get  some  friend  to  undertake  the  leasing  out  the  farm, 
with  proper  Covenants  and  restrictions,  for  a  number  of  years,  subject 
to  all  Taxes.  I  think  this  would  fix  your  Income  to  a  certainty  and 
secure  your  Capital  during  Life.  If  you  wanted  a  principle  sum  for 
to  discharge  arrears,  this  certainly  may  be  raised  by  collateral  methods, 
which  would  not  injure  the  Capital  or  render  your  future  Subsistence 
uncertain  or  subject  to  diminution.  But  as  I  determine  to  see  you  if 
possible  before  many  weeks,  I  shall  defer  the  Subject. 

The  enclosure  of  Mr.  Young's  Letter  gave  me  great  Pleasure,  as  it 
was  at  once  a  further  Evidence  of  the  friendship  &  confidence  of  my 
amiable  friend.  I  greatly  pity  this  young  Gentleman  and  heartily  wish 
he  had  followed  the  solid  advice  of  his  valuable  Aunt,  who  certainly 
judged  very  rightly  of  his  affairs,  but  I  still  hope  his  apparent  good 
sense  will  yet  enable  him  to  surmount  all  his  difficulties  &  strike  out 
into  some  important  Scene  of  Life.  To  avoid  the  Stage  would  be  an 
evidence  of  his  Judgment  &  Prudence,  as  it  can  promise  him  no  good 
unless  his  abilities  were  uncommonly  great,  and  even  then  the  substan- 
tial reward  is  inadequate  to  the  risque  of  every  other  good. 

My  dear  Miss  Stedman  is  very  obliging  to  be  grateful  for  a  remem- 
brance that  yields  so  great  a  Pleasure  in  the  Exercise.  I  was  really 
elated  during  the  reading  of  several  Lines  of  your  Letter,  but  alass! 
the  Mountain  brought  forth  a  Mouse  without  a  Metaphor. 

Mrs.  Jackson  made  me  promise  to  make  her  acknowledgments  for 
your  politeness  in  remembering  her  slight  civility  to  you  when  in  Bruns- 
wick. 

I  must  beg  an  Excuse  for  this  scrawl,  as  I  write  with  two  or  three 
Ladies  chatting  in  the  Koom. 

Mrs.  Boudinot  &  Susan  wish  most  earnestly  to  be  considered  as  at- 
tached to  the  friendly  Circle  at  the  Park,  and  present  their  best  wishes 
for  every  real  happiness  to  attend  them. 

I  am  my  dear  Madam  with  the  greatest  respect  &  Sincerity. 

Yours  most  Affectly 

Elias  Boudinot. 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Ferguson 

at  Graeme  Park 

Hannah  Boudinot  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Elizabeth  Town  Janr*  2d  1784. 

Your  letter,  dear  madam,  of  the  11th  of  October,  did  not  reach  me  till 
near  the  end  of  December.  I  am  sure  long  before  this,  you  must 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         313 

pronounce  me  rude  and  ungrateful.  Your  attention  to  your  friends, 
is  so  unparelled,  that  the  contrary,  must  appear  odious  in  your  eyes; 
and  I  am  pain'd  that  you  should  so  long  remain  unacquainted  with  the 
reason,  of  that  seeming  neglect  and  inattention  to  you. 

The  flower  pots,  which  adorn  the  breast  Work  of  my  Parlour,  declare 
to  me  every  day  your  Taste,  Industry,  and  Goodness,  which  I  find  you 
will  not  suffer  to  be  confin'd  to  the  Parlour,  but  have  extended  them 
even  to  the  chamber.  I  thank  you  dear  Madam,  for  the  fringe,  which 
I  have  not  yet  received.  I  wont  tell  you  that  I  am  sorry  that  you 
took  the  trouble,  because  you  say  it  amused  you;  but  I  feel  myself  under 
too  great  obligations  to  be  express'd  on  paper. 

permit  me  dear  Madam  to  wish  you  a  happy  new  year;  may  this, 
with  every  other  of  your  life,  be  crown'd  with  those  blessings  that 
Heaven  has  in  store,  for  the  good  and  Virtuous:  we  have  the  promise 
of  a  faithful  God,  that  they  shall  be  rewarded  in  this,  and  the  life  to 
come. 

we  are  again  settled  in  our  own  habitation,  after  an  exilement  of 
seven  years,  and,  shall  be  very  happy  to  see  you  and  Miss  Stedman  here; 
can't  you  make  it  convenient  to  pay  us  a  Visit  in  the  spring?  it  will 
do  you  good,  and  give  us  pleasure.  My  dear  susans  health  is  rather 
better,  she  request  me  to  mention  her  to  you  and  Miss  S'teadman,  with 
sentiments  of  the  warm  affection,  esteem,  and  gratitude. 

My  best  wishes  to  Miss  Stedman  and  believe  me  dr  Madam,  with  the 
greatest 

Esteem 

Your  sincere 
Friend 

H.  Boudinot28 
Mrs  Ferguson. 

Elias  Boudinot  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Philadelphia  July  19th  1784 
My  dear  Madam — 

How  shall  I  apologize  or  what  shall  I  say  to  my  dear  Mrs.  Ferguson, 
in  order  to  excuse  my  not  calling  on  her  on  my  way  Home.  I  confess  I 
am  Mortifyed  &  disappointed.  After  the  receipt  of  your  kind  &  af- 
fectionate Letter  by  Dr.  Bard,  I  left  Home  with  a  determined  resolution 
of  spending  a  Day  at  Graeme  Park — but  alass!  how  vain  are  human 
resolutions.  The  special  Business  I  came  upon  is  unexpectedly  deferred 
for  several  weeks,  and  a  considerable  company  have  attached  themselves 
to  me,  which  obliges  me  to  return  by  the  way  of  Burlington  to  finish 
some  Business  there,  which  has  totally  deranged  my  whole  Plan.  The 
only  Consolation  left  me  is  that  I  am  very  speedily  to  return  to  this 
City,  when  I  do  engage  myself  to  spend  a  Day,  if  not  two  or  three 
with  you  at  your  agreeable  retreat.  Mine  &  your  disappointment  is 

28  Hannah  Boudinot,  wife  of  Elias  Boudinot,  and  sister  of  Richard 
Stockton,  the  Signer. 


314         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grame. 

something  compensated,  by  being  informed  that  Mrs.  Redman  &  family 
are  to  pay  you  a  Visit  to-morrow,  and  to  have  too  much  Company  at 
once  is  almost  as  bad  as  to  have  none  at  all.  Mrs.  Roberdeau  also  means 
to  visit  you  in  a  few  days — and  he  is  really  as  Life  from  the  Dead. 

I  have  been  long  contriving  ways  and  means  to  accomplish  your 
desires  with  regard  to  the  Sale  of  your  Lands.  I  wrote  you  fully  on 
this  Head  about  4  months  ago,  and  was  surprized  not  to  see  any 
Advertisement  in  the  Papers  for  the  sale  of  it.  I  find  by  your  last 
Letter  that  mine  has  never  got  to  Hand,  altho'  I  directed  expressly  to 
be  left  with  Dr.  Phyle.  Mrs.  Boudinot  also  wrote  you  during  the  winter, 
which  I  hope  got  safe  to  hand.  When  I  see  you  next,  we  will  perfect 
some  Plan  for  the  Sale  of  the  Land.  I  have  been  looking  round  to 
endeavour  to  find  some  Persons  who  would  spare  a  few  hundred  Pounds 
for  some  years,  that  you  might  take  up  the  money  on  it  to  answer  your 
present  Exigencies,  but  have  not  met  with  any  success.  I  shall 
continue  the  research  till  I  see  you. 

We  are  happily  &  comfortably  restored  to  our  old  Habitation  where 
our  domestic  felicity  would  be  greatly  increased  by  the  Presence  of  our 
excellent  Friends  Mrs.  Ferguson  &  Miss  Stedman.  Could  you  not 
spend  one  week  with  us  this  fall.  We  are  like  to  part  with  our  only 
Susan.  We  shall  be  alone.  We  shall  rejoice  in  the  Company  of  worthy 
Friends.  It  will  be  conferring  a  favour.  It  will  be  an  honorable  notice 
of  us  country-folks,  or  if  you  please  Villagers.  Our  Doors  shall  be 
wide  open  &  our  Hearts  still  wider.  You  must  not  refuse.  You  love 
your  friends  and  I  know  you  love  to  increase  their  Happiness. 

Mrs.  Boudinot  begs  the  most  affectionate  remembrances.  She  is 
overwhelmed  with  the  necessary  Provision  for  her  Daughter,  whose 
Health,  blessed  be  God,  is  exceedingly  restored. 

We  are  going  to  give  her  away  in  September  next — this  at  least  is 
the  present  purpose. 

Our  Kind  Love  to  Miss  Stedman,  whose  Health  &  welfare  we  greatly 
rejoice  in. 

I  have  the  Honor  to  be,  my  dear  Madam,  with  very  great  Sincerity  & 
Esteem 

yours  most  Affectly 

Elias  Boudinot. 
Mrs.  Ferguson. 

George  Meade  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Philadelphia  March  19th  1791 
My  dear  Madam 

Herewith  you  have  Inclosed  two  letters  for  you,  which  I  opened  to 
prevent  an  unnecessary  repitation  on  my  Part.  Mr.  Budinot  has  been 
so  full  that  I  have  only  to  repeat  that  you  should  not  loose  a  moment 
in  returning  the  bearer  my  Servant,  I  would  have  him  return  ab*  half 
way  so  as  to  be  in  Town  8  or  9  o'clock  on  Monday  morn'g  as  we  must 
then  give  a  final  answer  to  Mr.  Ball,  if  Dr  Smith  can  fulfill  what  he 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme.         315 

offers  it  would  be  the  best  offer,  how  far  he  may  be  able  to  do  so,  I 
cannot  pretend  to  say.  You  must  be  decisive  in  your  answer  [torn] 
clear  letter  cannot  be  effected.  I  went  to  Mr.  Ball  on  other  business  & 
brought  the  Place  on  the  Carpet.  I  then  went  to  Mr.  McCtenachan,  who 
assured  me  his  friend  would  not  give  any  such  Price. 

Mrs  Meade  &  all  my  Family  join  me  in  our  best  office  to  Miss  Stedman 
&  you  &  God  direct  you  for  the  best — says  my  dear  Madam 

Your  affe  frd  &  devoted  hble  Sr. 

Geo.  Meade.24 

Get  from  Miss  Stedman  a  direction 
to  her  frd  in  Norway.    I  took  it  down 
with  a  Pencil  &  it  has  got  rub'd  out 
in  my  Pocket. 
Mrs.  Eliz.  Fergusson. 

Dr.  William  Smith  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Philad*  NoV  9th  1791 
Dear  Madam 

Your  favor  by  an  accidental  conveyance  I  receiv'd  a  few  days  after  its 
date.  Th6  I  had  heard,  before  the  receipt  of  your  letter,  of  the  Jamaica 
Man's  intention  of  visiting  G.  Park,  I  am  not  the  less  obliged  for  your 
early  information  on  that  head.  Mr  Mead  pointed  the  gentleman  out 
to  me  at  the  Coffee  House  on  the  Saturday  evening,  telling  me  that 
he  had  given  him  a  letter  to  you  &  that  he  was  to  set  off  next  morning. 
There  is  something  curious  in  the  whole  transaction.  The  gentleman 
arrives,  waits  upon  Mr  Boudinot,  who  informs  him  the  place  is  sold, 
&  to  whom,  &  ye  terms :  adding  that  he  believd  I  was  Sick  of  my  bargain, 
&  would  sell  it  upon  very  reasonable  terms,  for  ye  Same  perhaps  that 
it  cost. 

What  could  be  Mr  Boudinots  views  or  reasons  in  Suggesting  such  an 
idea,  I  know  not.  Certainly  it  did  not  originate  in  the  least  hint  of 
the  kind  from  me.  Nor  could  he  have  any  well  grounded  suspicion  that 
there  would  be  any  difficulty  on  my  part  with  respect  to  a  compliance 
wh  the  terms  of  the  Contract.  I  think  there  has  hitherto  been  no 
deficiency  on  that  Score.  He  must  either  have  thought  me  a  Simpleton, 
or  that  I  was  unable  to  pay  for  the  place;  for  what  could  induce  me 

24  George  Meade,  a  prominent  merchant  of  the  city.  Mrs.  Fergusson 
has  written  the  following  "Memorandum"  on  this  letter:  "Should  Mr. 
Fergusson  and  I  ever  live  together  or  Should  he  ever  See  these  Letters, 
let  him  See  if  he  chuses  to  read  them,  that  I  did  not  rashly  sell  my  Farm, 
Mr.  Bendar  is  the  very  man  who  advises  it  most,  And  he  in  a  Former 
letter  which  is  here  though  the  Sitting  of  Congress  -would  raise  the  price 
of  Land  now  tho  Mr.  Fergusson  has  no  legal  Right  in  Graeme  Park  yet  I 
would  Submit  my  Conduct  to  Him  in  an  afair  of  this  Importance  as 
much  as  tho  he  had  never  forfeited  these  Rights  had  Land  got  lower  I 

must  gone  on  this  Parish  for  a  Support. 

E.  Fergusson." 


316         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

to  purchase  &  sell  again  without  any  advantage,  immediately,  before  I 
had  even  paid  for  it  myself. 

Another  Singular  circumstance  is,  that  the  gentleman  should  so  far 
take  this  unfounded  information  for  reality,  as  to  neglect  a  personal 
application  &  proceed  to  visit  the  place,  &  endeavour  to  obtain  infor- 
mation from  others,  which  he  could  readily  have  had  from  the  proper 
person  at  one  word. 

As  the  gentleman  was  not  introduced  to  me,  &  neglected  to  speak  to 
me  himself;  I  had  no  notion  of  running  after  him:  &  therefore  to  cut 
the  matter  Short,  I  informed  a  Mr  Pratt  with  whom  I  knew  he  had 
some  acquaintance  &  connection,  &  requested  him  to  inform  the  gentle- 
man, that  I  had  not  the  least  intention  to  sell  the  place,  &  that  nothing 
but  a  very  handsome  profit  indeed  would  possibly  tempt  me;  at  the 
same  time  mentioning  my  price;  a  Sum  that  would,  I  thought,  frighten 
him  at  once  from  the  purchase,  or  in  case  he  did  purchase,  would  have 
very  amply  compensated  me.  I  further  desired  Mr  Pratt  to  inform 
his  friend,  that  any  application  that  was  intended,  must  be  made  in  a 
few  days,  as  I  was  on  the  point  of  Leasing  ye  place  for  a  term  of  years, 
which  was  to  be  concluded  in  3  or  4  days;  after  which  it  would  not  be 
in  my  power  to  sell,  but  under  ye  lease. 

Since  this  I  have  heard  nothing  further  on  y*  business,  from  which  I 
conclude  the  gentleman  has  dropt  all  thoughts  of  the  thing:  and  I  am 
as  well  pleased  that  he  has.  Without  waiting  or  enquiring  for  an 
answer,  I  have  proceeded  to  let  the  place  on  a  lease  to  a  couple  of  good 
industrious  germans,  kinsmen  of  Me  Gilbert  my  Landlord,  &  hope  in  a 
few  years  to  have  the  place  in  compleat  order:  th6  it  must  be  a  work 
of  time. 

With  Compt8  to  Miss  Stedman 

I  am,  ever  yours 

W.  Smith. 

P.S.  The  following  is  I  believe  an  accurate  Statement  of  our  Interest 
Account  from  June  1st  to  Novr  !•*  viz: 

Interest  on  £2500  from  June  1st  to  Novr  1st £62 . .  10 

From  which  deduct  Interest  on  £215.  .7. .  10  paid  Mr  Bring- 

ham  on  yr  Ace*  June  17th  to  Novr  1st 4. .  16. .  11 


57. .13..   1 

Remitted  you  by  Strayhorn  £37 . .  10 

Pd  Yrs  Int*  on  M"  Stedman's  Bond 7 . .  16 

Garden  Seeds    .12 

Medicines  &  Ticket  in  Lottery 2.  .4.  .8     48.  .2.  .8 


Ballance  due  &  no  remitted  9 . .  10 . .  5 

You  will  please  to  send  me  a  receipt  in  full 
for  Interest  up  to  Novp  1st  1791 — from  which 
time  there  will  remain  due  the  Sum  of  $2284.  .12.  .2. 

Inclosed  are  a  few  lines  to  Stranghorn  by  way  of  notice  of  my  having 
let  the  place  to  another  Person,  which  you'l  be  kind  enough  to  send 
to  him. 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme.         317 

Sarah  Barton  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

The  Sincere  pleasure  your  letter  afforded  me  My  Dear,  and  only  Sur- 
viving friend  of  my  Youth,  is  not  to  be  Express'd;  I  have  Omitted  no 
opportunity  of  inquiring  after  you,  &  have  frequently  seen  your  letters 
to  my  Niece  Sally  Bond,  with  affectionate  remembrances  of  me;  But 
your  Immediate  address,  has  brought  to  my  mind  a  retrospect  of  past 
scenes,  &  a  review  of  the  many  Diversities  of  fortune  we  have  both  Ex- 
perienced, which  naturally  Excited  pleasing,  &  painful,  reflections.  But 
as  they  are  past  &  done  away,  &  I  trust  we  have  Each  of  us  acted  the 
part  assign'd  us  by  Providence,  with  integrity,  &  in  the  best  manner  we 
were  able,  I  hope  we  shall,  the  remainder  of  our  lives,  Experience  that 
peace,  &  Tranquility  of  mind,  so  Essential  to  happiness.  I  am  delighted 
to  hear  you  tell  my  Niece,  that  you  find  your  present  Situation  hap- 
pier than  you  Expected;  That  you  would  be  resign'd  I  had  no  doubt 
of.  I  am  truly  Sensible  of  the  Blessing  I  injoy,  in  being  placed  in  the 
Midst  of  my  Dearest  Connections. 

Could  I  look  forward  to  anything  beyond  the  present  time,  &  would 
please  Myself  with  the  Idea  of  seeing  you  next  fall,  &  of  takeing  lodge- 
ings  in  your  Neighbourhood  for  a  few  weeks,  that  I  might  once  more 
injoy  the  happiness  of  your  Company,  &  that  of  my  Dear  Miss  Stedman 
before  I  quit  this  Transitory  Life;  But  my  Brothers  health  is  so  pre- 
carious, that  I  am  not  Certain  whether  I  shall  dare  to  leave  him,  Even 
on  a  visit  to  my  Daughter  Mrs  White,  who  is  Settled  in  Bridge  Ton 
Cumberland,  where  I  had  proposed  to  Spend  the  Summer;  His  Com- 
plaint is  a  constant  Dizzeness  in  his  head,  &  sometimes  so  Severe,  as  to 
make  it  unsafe  for  him  to  walk  Cross  a  room;  He  has  been  better  this 
some  weeks  past,  which  gives  us  hopes  that  the  Spring  may  relieve, 
if  not  entirely  cure  him,  Especially  if  we  can  prevail  upon  him  to  make 
an  Excursion  in  the  Country,  &  even  then  it  may  be  necessary  for  me 
to  accompany  him,  as  Mrs  Gillespie  cannot  be  Spared  from  her  family 
I  have  the  happiness  to  assure  you  of  my  perfect  recovery,  only  that  I 
am  more  liable  to  take  cold  than  formerly,  which  I  make  no  doubt  is 
Owing  to  my  long  confinement,  &  the  great  care  I  have  been  oblig'd  to 
take  of  myself  Since.  My  Brother  never  knew  a  person  recover  as  I 
have  done  from  so  Severe  an  Ilness,  a  Strong  proof  of  my  excellent  con- 
stitution, which  I  hope  I  ever  have,  &  always  Shall  be  greatful  for.  My 
Brother  &  Mrs  Gillespie  Join  me  affectionate 

Compliments  to  you  &  Miss  Stedman,  &  believe  me  my  Dear  friend 

with  every  Sentiment  of  love  &  Esteem 

Yours 

New  York  febr  15th  1794.  S.  Barton25 


28  Mrs.  Fergusson  has  added  the  following:  "Mrs  Barton's  maiden  name 
was  Sally  Denormandie  she  is  widow  to  the  Reverend  Mr  Barton  of 
the  Episcopal  Church  at  Lancaster  who  went  of  with  the  British  and 
died  at  new  york.  If  My  Dear  Mr  Powel  will  just  Show  these  letters 
to  Mr  Duchee  as  the  Second  Letter  mentions  the  family." 


318         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Gr&me. 

M.  Stedman  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 
My  Dear  Madam 

Your  kind  favor  of  the  15  of  Septemb*  I  had  not  the  pleasure  of 
perusing  till  five  days  after  the  date  of  it,  but  why  or  what  Occasioned 
the  detention  is  unknown  to  me,  But  this  I  can  assure  you  of,  That 
Nothing  but  the  Consciousness  of  how  Yery  small  import  my  Scribbling 
was  to  you,  that  prevented  an  immediate  answer,  most  sensibley  feeling 
the  force  of  your  so  kindly  interesting  your  selfe,  respecting  the  Health 
of  my  Dear  grand  Daughter  Peggy;  And  am  happy  to  inform  you  she  is 
now  pritty  well  &  attends  her  writing  School  of  afternoons  tho  she 
still  continues  very  pale  &  thin.  Our  determination  of  taking  her  into 
the  Country,  from  a  Combination  of  difficulties  and  other  Occurrences 
intervening,  week  after  week  was  post  paid,  till  the  Weather  became 
so  Cool  &  she  getting  better  the  design  was  given  up  tho  in  Opposition 
to  our  full  intention  &  my  warmest  Wishes.  I  hope  it  will  please  a 
gracious  Providence  there  will  be  no  cause  to  regret  it. 

Believe  me  My  Dear  Mrs  Fergusson  a  Sigh  of  Sympathy  has  not  been 
wanting  on  the  recent  Occasion  of  Mr.  Youngs  Dissolution,  well  knowing 
the  tender  affection  you,  from  his  Infantile  State  have  on  all  Occasions 
testified  with  a  Maternal  Assiduity.  Alas,  to  us  poor  Mortals  who  see 
through  a  Glass  darkly,  his  lot  in  life  appears  to  have  been  a  painfull 
one.  But  the  inexhaustable  Stores  of  Mercy  felicity  &  goodness  can  never 
be  diminished,  &  he  is  now  it  may  be,  in  possession  of  Joyes  that  will 
never  fade  or  be  liable  to  change,  a  source  from  whence  only  true 
Comfort  and  Consolation  under  all  our  trials  &  troubles  here,  and  be 
devised. 

You  enquire  My  Dear  Madam  if  I  have  read  Pains  Age  of  Reason, 
my  answer  is  in  the  negative  because  from  the  Accounts  of  those  who 
have,  it  is  a  most  detestable  Composition  and  Diametrically  Opposite 
to  Holy  writ,  which  will  I  trust  ever  through  time,  be  my  Polar  Star, 
guide,  Comfort  and  sure  hope.  For  tho  Heaven  &  Earth  pass  away  his 
Word  can  never  fail.  But  have  you  My  Dear  Mrs.  Fergusson  since  the 
French  Revolution  dipt  into  the  History  of  the  Clergy,  by  the  Abbe 
Baronet,  a  refugee  in  Britain,  if  you  have  not,  the  most  tragical  Scenes 
are  yet  to  be  unfolded  to  your  view,  &  are  such,  as  sure  I  am  they  will 
Harrow  your  very  Soul  &  Curdle  the  Crimson  fluid  in  your  viens. 

We  have  had  frequent  Alarms  with  respect  to  that  fatal  Malady  the 
Yellow  fever  and  some  have  died  of  it.  But  thank  Heaven  the  Weather 
has  been  so  cool  for  the  season  that  our  fears  are  disapated.  But  fall 
and  Nervous  fevers  have  proved  uncommonly  Mortal  this  Year.  Mrs. 
Abercrombie  has  lost  her  youngest  Brother  with  the  latter,  a  Young 
Gentleman  of  about  20  or  21  years  of  Age,  and  perhaps  one  of  the  hand- 
somest Young  man  in  the  City,  of  whom  she  was  tenderly  fond. 

Betsy  Stedman  never  writes  me  a  line,  nor  do  I  hear  any  thing  about 
her,  but  what  you  are  so  kind  as  to  mention  in  Yours,  a  Conduct  so 
Singularly  Abstracted  &  Strange  I  am  at  the  greatest  loss  imaginable 
to  account  for.  I  would  write  to  her  (tho  I  am  not  fond  of  extorting 


Mrs.  Elisabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         319 

favours  from  my  friends)  if  I  could  Suppose  it  was  her  Wishes — while 
doubt  remains  I  must  beg  you  my  Good  Madam  to  be  my  substitute 
with  regard  to  love  &  affection  as  well  as  conveying  through  your  more 
agreeable  Medium  my  kind  regards  &  Compliments  to  Mrs.  Todd  with 
an  assurance  that  at  any  time  I  shall  be  very  glad  to  see  her  in  Town. 
The  enclosed  was  brought  to  our  House  on  Wednesday  last,  but  from, 
or  by  whom  I  know  not,  no  London  Ships  arrived  yet.  Peggy  begs  a 
tender  of  her  best  and  most  respectable  regards,  and  with  real  affection 
I  am  Dear  Madam 

Yours 

M.  Stedman. 
Philadelphia  Octobr  the  10.  1794. 

Elias  Boudinot  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Rosehill  Nov.  15,  1794 
My  dear  Madam — 

We  are  again  just  got  settled  in  our  Winter  Quarters,  and  among 
the  first  of  my  Correspondencies  I  am  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of 
your  kind  Letter,  recd  just  before  I  left  home  tho'  of  an  old  date. 

I  have  had  greater  difficulties  with  regard  to  your  Telemachus  than 
I  had  expected,  arising  from  several  causes,  among  others  the  extrava- 
gant sum  required  last  Spring  by  the  Printers  here,  to  be  advanced  in 
the  first  outset,  made  me  write  to  our  Country  Printers,  whose  propos- 
als in  answer  differed  so  greatly  as  to  lead  me  to  the  determination  of 
engaging  them  in  the  service.  I  accordingly  left  this  last  June  with 
the  expectation  of  having  the  printing  done  in  Jersey:  but  on  my  en- 
tering into  particulars  with  them,  I  found  too  late  that  the  Items  they 
meant  to  charge  in  addition  brought  it  to  the  same  final  Sum.  In  short, 
I  found  none  of  them  would  undertake  it,  without  an  advance  of  One 
Thousand  Dollars,  and  would  not  partake  in  any  manner  of  the  Risque 
of  Sale.  This  Fall  has  increased  the  demand  of  every  Tradesman  from 
the  depreciation  of  Money  and  the  extreme  Scarcity  of  Hands,  so  that 
I  am  reduced  to  the  necessity  of  postponing  it  for  the  present.  This 
mania  for  extravagance  cannot  last  long.  It  must  soon  come  to  an  end. 
It  will  certainly  work  its  own  Cure,  when  I  hope  Things  will  gain  their 
natural  Channel,  and  we  may  go  on  with  rational  hopes  of  accomplish- 
ing an  End. 

I  long  to  see  you,  but  it  seems  fated  that  I  shall  not  have  that  pleas- 
ure soon.  Mrs.  Boudinot  is  with  me  and  tho'  not  stout,  is  as  well  as 
usual — still  threatened  with  her  side,  but  not  yet  dangerously.  She  joins 
me  in  expressions  of  the  most  affectionate  regard. 

Mrs.  Bradford  has  taken  her  Winter  Quarters  in  the  City,  but  is  tol- 
erably well. 

Do  let  me  hear  from  you,  if  it  is  but  a  Line  to  know  how  you  do  &c.  &c. 
I  suppose  you  see  the  News  Papers  and  know  what  is  going  forward 
on  the  great  Theatre  of  Europe.  The  Governments  there  all  in  Flames. 
The  French  with  an  Enthusiasm  that  portends  more  than  human  Effects, 


320         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

overrunning  all  Dutch  and  Brabant  Flanders,  liek  the  Goths  and  Van- 
dals once  did  the  Roman  Empire.  There  is  no  Calculating  on  Events — 
human  sagacity  is  at  an  End.  The  Power  of  Rome  with  her  Apostolic 
Head  is  at  an  End.  A  regiment  of  british  Cavalry  have  formed  the  Life 
Guard  of  his  Holiness.  Thus  the  last  Times  approach,  and  the  kingdoms 
into  which  the  Empire  was  divided  begin  to  hate  the  whore  or  Hier- 
archy that  they  themselves  aided  in  erecting.  What  will  be  the  issue 
God  only  knows,  and  He  alone  will  finally  direct. 

I  am  my  dear  Madam 
your  very  Aff. 

Elias  Boudinot 
Addressed : 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Ferguson 
at  the 
Billet 

Ann  Maria  Clifton  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Philadelphia 

June  27th  1795 
Dear  Madam 

I  have  set  down  to  make  an  apology  for  a  neglect  that  is  allmost  un- 
pardonable, in  not  sending  you  Mr  Charles  Stedmans  letter  at  the  time 
you  requested  it.  When  I  wrote,  not  haveing  yours  imediately  before 
me,  it  intirely  slipt  my  memory,  nor  did  it  ever  occur  to  my  recolection 
till  Mr  Meade  shew'd  me  your  Letter  to  him,  receiv'd  a  few  days  since. 
I  blush  to  think  how  very  remiss  I  have  been,  and  indeed  in  not  write- 
ing  to  you  for  so  long  a  time,  but  I  hope  the  candor  of  my  confession 
will  procure  me  your  forgiveness,  with  this  I  shall  send  the  Letter  and 
hope  it  will  not  be  too  late  for  your  writeing,  as  the  William  Penn  is 
the  only  London  Vessel  that  has  sail'd  as  yet,  there  is  one  that  leavs 
this  place  the  begining  of  the  next  week,  but  I  do  not  know  the  name 
of  the  Ship.  Mr  Meade  will,  it  is  most  probably  give  you  better  infor- 
mation than  I  can. 

With  respect  to  Mr  Stedmans  being  the  Author  of  the  History  you 
mention  I  am  not  certain,  I  have  heard  it  ascribed  to  his  Father,  but  I 
fancy  he  had  not  so  much  industry  and  the  peculiar  circumstances  of 
the  Son  confin'd  by  111  health,  to  a  retired  situation  in  the  country,  on 
a  small  pension,  makes  it  very  probable  that  he  would  turn  his  mind  to 
a  subject  on  which  he  was  himself  well  inform'd,  and  on  which  he  could 
procure  the  best  information,  both  from  his  intimatcy  with  the  Ameri- 
can refugees  as  well  as  his  connection  with  the  oppisition  in  the  British 
Government,  but  before  I  close  this  letter  I  will  endeavour  to  learn 
from  a  gentleman  who'  I  imagine  is  able  to  answer  the  question  wether 
he  is  or  not. 

I  hope  you  have  found  the  Locket  you  wrote  to  me  about  in  the  winter, 
and  that  you  are  perfectly  satisfyed  that  it  never  was  put  in  the  paper 
that  you  left  for  me,  indeed  the  thing  was  impossible  or  I  should  have 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         321 

noticed  it,  as  the  paper  with  the  other  was  put  into  my  hands  by  my 
Sister  the  moment  I  return'd  home.  I  shall  allways  feel  concern'd  when- 
ever I  think  of  it  if  you  do  not  find  it,  as  I  am  sure  you  must  regrect 
the  loss.  I  am  very  certain  it  never  came  to  me  but  I  wish  it  had  as  it 
would  then  have  been  quite  safe. 

Do  you  not  my  dear  Madam  intend  ever  to  see  your  Friends  in  town 
again,  are  they  all  to  be  deserted  for  the  want  of  friendship  of  one  fam- 
ily, surely  you  pay  them  too  [torn]  compliment  to  sacrifice  to  them 
[torn]  and  all  the  rest  of  your  Friends  Pleasure.  I  fear  you  will  have 
a  call  on  your  Friendship  to  participate  and  console  the  aflictions  of  one 
of  your  best  Friends  Mrs  Meade  her  Son  Richard  is  in  a  very  declineing 
way  his  constitution  is  certainly  gone,  and  there  is  no  doubt  he  is  in 
a  confirm'd  consumption  tho  the  Family  do  not  seem  to  think  so,  Mrs 
Mead  is  very  unhappy  but  still  flatters  herself  he  will  get  the  better  of 
his  complaint,  but  I  am  too  fatally  acquainted  with  that  disorder  to 
be  mistaken.  They  leave  town  next  week  for  their  Place  which  as  it 
is  a  very  high  situation  may  restore  him  for  a  little  time  but  he  will 
never  pass  another  winter  I  fear.  I  have  just  left  myself  room  to  tell 
you  that  my  sister  is  in  better  Health  this  spring  than  usual,  that  I 
am  extreemly  well  and  hope  the  wet  Season  has  not  been  a  disadvantage 
to  you,  pray  present  my  compliments  to  Miss  Stedman  and  Mrs  Todd 
and  assure  yourself  of  my  greatest  regard  and  respect 

Anna  Maria  Clifton2* 

My  compliments  to  Mrs  Smith  &  Miss  Anna  when  you  see  them. 

I  am  informed  Mr  S is  the  Author  of  the  American  History 

you  Mention. 
Addressed : 

Mrs.  Fergusson 
at  the  Billet 

M  A  daughter  of  John  and  Eleanor  Clifton,  b.  Nov.  1740,  d.  April  1811. 
By  her  will  she  created  a  trust  fund,  to  teach  boys  to  sing  as  a  choir 
in  the  orchestra  of  Christ  church. 

(To  be  continued.) 


VOL.  XXXIX.— 21 


322     Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814. 


EXTRACTS   FEOM   THE    DIARY   OF   THOMAS 
FRANKLIN  PLEASANTS,  1814. 

[Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  a  son  of  Israel  and  Ann  Paschall 
(Franklin)  Pleasants,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  September  21,  1790. 
He  entered  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1805,  was  graduated  with 
the  class  of  1808,  and  subsequently  read  law  with  his  uncle  Hon.  Walter 
Franklin,  of  Lancaster,  was  admitted  to  practice  before  the  courts  of 
Lancaster  county,  January  25,  and  Philadelphia,  February  19,  1814. 
He  opened  a  law  office  at  No.  35  Walnut  Street,  and  under  date  of 
March  10th,  he  records,  "undertook  my  first  cause,  for  Harley  & 
Parke."  He  became  actively  interested  in  the  local  military  being 
organized  for  the  defence  of  the  city  and  in  August,  1814,  Governor 
Simon  Snyder  commissioned  him  captain  of  the  Third  Company  Wash- 
ington Guards,  and  in  September  following  accompanied  his  regiment 
to  Camp  Dupont.  In  March  of  1815  he  formed  a  mercantile  connection 
in  New  Orleans,  where  he  continued  to  reside  to  his  death  from  Yellow 
Fever,  August  26,  1817.  A  portrait  by  Bass  Otis,  painted  in  1816, 
while  on  a  visit  to  his  family  in  Philadelphia,  is  now  in  the  possession 
of  an  nephew.] 

April  4,  1814. — Rose  at  6  o'clock,  went  to  the  State 
House  yard  commanded  the  W.  Gds.  [Washington 
Guards] — after  breakfast  went  to  my  office — read  in 
course  of  the  day  Bac  Abr  Tit  mercht8  (C)  on  Partner- 
ship— also  Selwyn  N.  Tit  Partners,  and  finished  the 
title  of  Executors  in  the  same  work.  In  the  evening 
at  home,  looked  over  Purdon's  Abr.  on  the  same  sub- 
ject. 

April  5. — Went  to  office  at  9 — read  through  the  day. 
Broke  in  upon  my  studies  by  calling  on  Dillingham  for 
near  an  hour,  and  was  visited  by  C.  J.  Coxe  and  Bob. 
Smith.  Jos.  Jones  promised  to  let  me  make  out  a  num- 
ber of  deeds  for  him. 

April  6. — Made  a  resolution  to  rise  every  morning 
at  an  early  hour  and  study.  Commonplaced  'till  11, 
when  Shober  and  Montgomery  called  on  me.  Went 
out  with  Dillingham,  called  on  Mr.  J.  Jones  who  was 


Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasant s,  1814.     323 

out.  Eeturned  to  office,  soon  after  walked  out  with 
Montgomery  to  deliver  notices. 

April  7. — Made  arrangements  for  the  parade  this 
afternoon.  The  following  is  the  mode  of  study  I  have 
prescribed  for  myself,  which  I  am  resolved  to  pursue  as 
nearly  as  I  can : 

Two  hours  before  breakfast,  to  read  State  Laws ; 

Six  hours  in  the  rest  of  the  day,  to  Law ; 

One  hour  to  composition; 

One  hour  to  other  reading. 

If  the  hours  appropriated  to  Law  be  otherwise  em- 
ployed, an  equal  portion  of  time  taken  from  other  pur- 
suits must  be  devoted  to  it  unless  some  special  reason 
should  prevent. 

After  dinner  prepared  for  a  parade  of  the  W.  Gds 
—met  in  State  House  yard,  dismissed  about  six.  In 
the  evening  went  to  the  Lodge. 

April  9. — Paid  a  visit  to  Mrs.  Hollingsworth  and 
called  at  Mr.  Clapier's  counting-house.  In  the  after- 
noon Ed.  Ing.  [Edward  Ingersoll]  made  me  a  visit — 
invited  me  to  go  to  Chester  on  Tuesday — promised  to 
let  me  prosecute  in  some  case:  agreed  to  go. 

April  10. — (Sunday.)  Dined  and  spent  the  day  at 
John  McCrea's. 

April  12. — Rose  half  past  six — called  on  Dillingham 
to  set  off  for  Chester.  Started  before  the  stage  and 
walked  3  miles — Ben.  Tilghman  in  our  company — 
arrive  about  10  at  Chester.  After  breakfast  admitted 
to  the  Court — in  the  afternoon  D.  was  appointed  to 
defend  a  criminal  but  declined.  Several  opportunities 
occurred  in  which  I  might  have  come  forward,  but  fol- 
lowing D's  example  foolishly  declined.  Determined  to 
attend  next  Court  and  to  engage  in  every  case  that 
I  can. 

April  13. — After  breakfast  returned  to  Philadelphia, 
where  arrived  about  12.  Could  not  find  my  office  key 
before  2  o'clock. 


324     Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814. 

April  14. — Dillingham  sat  in  my  office  about  1/2  hour 
— Shober  about  the  same  space  of  time.  In  the  evening 
visited  No  51. 

April  15. — Called  on  Mrs.  Hopkins — read  about  30 
pages  of  Selwyn  on  Titles  and  Covenants,  during  the 
day. 

April  16. — Prepared  Hailey's  case  to  come  on  Mon- 
day evening  before  arbitrators.  Mr.  Jones  called  on 
me,  being  out  I  retr'd  the  call;  he  gave  me  a  deed  to 
draw  for  him.  In  the  afternoon  busy  looking  over  the 
law  points  in  Hailey's  case.  Walking  with  R.  S.  Coxe, 
evening  called  on  Traquair. 

April  17. — In  the  morning  went  to  Meeting,  heard  an 
excellent  discourse  from  Jesse  Kersey  on  faith.  Spent 
the  evening  with  Joe  G-ratz. 

April  18. — Went  to  Prothonotary  of  Supreme  and 
District  Courts  to  see  if  any  Judgments  on  John  Cook 
C  &  Abel  Holmes,  and  to  Eegister,  to  see  if  any  Mort- 
gages on  a  lot  to  be  conveyed  to  J.  Jones.  Made  a 
rough  Draft  of  a  Deed.  In  the  evening,  at  an  arbitra- 
tion. 

April  19. — After  breakfast  engaged  in  drafting  a 
letter  to  Jno.  Staples.  Called  on  J.  Jones,  could  not 
find  him — he  will  call  on  me  tomorrow.  In  the  after- 
noon, wrote  a  letter  to  Nancy — Bill  Fisher  and  Mary 
at  our  house  in  the  evening. 

April  20. — Got  from  Prothonotary  of  Common  Pleas 
and  Supreme  Courts  certificates  of  Judgments  for  Jos. 
Jones — and  one  for  search  after  Mortgages  from  Reg- 
ister of  Deeds.  Met  J.  Jones  in  the  street,  will  find 
out  Cook  &  Holmes'  wishes,  if  they  have  any,  and  call 
on  me  tomorrow.  Looked  over  some  books  to  see  if 
interest  is  chargeable  on  an  open  account.  Called 
about  4  on  Joe  Cohen. 

April  21. — Eose  at  1/4  past  5  by  my  watch — the 
morning  cold  and  damp — the  servants  not  up,  no  fires 
made — went  to  bed  again — rose  about  7  by  my  watch, 


Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814.     325 

found  it  was  nearly  an  hour  too  slow.  In  the  evening 
went  to  the  Lodge. 

April  22. — Got  1/4  cord  of  wood — went  to  dinner  at 
3 — Robt  Johnson  at  our  house — about  5  went  with  him 
to  Mary's,  and  after  closing  office  returned  and  spent 
the  evening  there. 

April  23. — At  9  went  to  Prothonotarys  to  see  if  J. 
Sergeant  had  confessed  judgments  in  Park's  case.  Con- 
ceived a  project  of  writing  a  history  of  the  war — wrote 
the  whole  morning  on  the  inadiquesy  of  Militia.  In  the 
afternoon  rode  out  the  Ridge  Road,  on  my  return 
joined  by  W.  Chancellor.  Drank  tea  at  home — went 
to  office,  wrote  on  military  subject  till  9. 

April  24. — After  breakfast  went  to  Meeting,  then 
walked  to  the  Schuylkill  with  Jos.  Norris— dined  at 
home.  Rob1  Johnson,  Mr.  Little,  R.  Fisher,  Jno. 
McCrea,  and  Fisher  Learning  at  our  house  in  the  after- 
noon. About  5  went  with  John  McCrea  to  see  uncle 
James,  drank  tea  with  Grandmother.  Went  to  Geo. 
Fox's  in  the  evening. 

April  25. — At  9  went  to  Prothonotary — at  1/2  past 
to  Court — at  10  Jno.  Baker  called  at  office  &  staid  'till 
12  oclock.  Called  on  Mr.  Sergeant  twice,  not  in. 
Wrote  till  1/2  past  9  on  the  subject  of  Militia — found 
Jno.  Pemberton  at  our  house. 

April  26. — On  my  way  to  Jno.  Sergeants  met  Joe 
Cohen — heard  that  a  trial  for  piracy  was  to  come  on. 
At  10  went  to  Court,  saw  Sergeant  there,  will  either 
pay  the  amount  of  Park's  bill  or  give  judgment  in  two 
or  three  days.  Spent  till  2  o'clock  at  Court,  one  of 
Jurymen  being  sick  Court  adjourned  till  tomorrow. 
Heard  this  morning  an  able  speech  from  Dallas.  On 
my  return  home  walked  a  few  squares  wi'th  Joe  Gratz, 
who  sets  off  tomorrow  for  Northumberland. 

April  27. — Quarter  before  10  went  to  Circuit  Court, 
staid  there  with  an  interval  at  dinner  time  'till  1/2  past 
7,  when  jury  retired.  Called  then  on  Dillingham, 


326     Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasant s,  1814. 

walked  with  him  to  office  and  shut  up;  returned  to 
Court — prisoners  acquited.  Walked  with  Clem.  Buck- 
ley, James  Biddle,  Joe  Cohen  'till  ten. 

April  29. — Called  on  Dillingham  to  consult  him  about 
deed,  he  was  out,  saw  Ned  Ingersoll,  he  could  not  give 
me  much  information.  Went  with  James  Biddle  to 
Eeading  Eoom,  where  I  met  Chas.  S.  Coxe,  talked  to 
him  about  deed,  went  with  him  to  his  office,  showed  me 
several  deeds  but  none  of  the  same  kind — he  thought 
mine  was  quite  right.  Walked  with  him  to  Schuylkill, 
talked  about  Walsh,  E.  S.  Coxe  &c. 

April  30. — Went  in  rain  to  J.  Jones,  gave  him  deed, 
searches,  bill  &c.,  paid  me  for  them;  told  me  he  ex- 
pected to  be  able  to  give  me  a  great  deal  of  convey- 
ancing business.  Dined  with  John  McCrea,  spent  the 
evening  with  a  small  party  at  Mary's. 

May  1. — Eoused  from  bed  about  6  by  mother  to  ac- 
quaint me  that  Isaac  had  got  up  in  the  night  and  broke 
open  Patterson's  house  during  the  alarm  of  fire — that 
Father  and  old  Patterson  were  talking  about  the  mat- 
ter. On  Father's  return  he  brought  a  different  account 
of  this  matter.  Isaac  and  a  parcel  of  negroes  were 
to  have  gone  a  Maying  and  stopped  for  Patterson's 
maid.  At  10  called  for  P.  Emlen  and  with  her  went 
to  Meeting — dined  at  one  at  uncle  Jos.;  after  dinner 
with  the  girls  and  Phebe,  drank  tea  at  Mary's. 

May  2. — Went  to  Nice's  tavern  with  John  Mont- 
gomery to  subscribe  for  him  to  the  Commercial  Bank, 
afterwards  to  the  Schuylkill  Bank,  which  with  much 
crowding  I  effected.  Could  not  at  the  Mechanics. 
Went  to  office,  young  Barclay  came  there — went  to 
Court  to  see  Sergeant,  offered  to  confess  judgment  in 
Parke's  case — drew  up  an  agreement — he  then  refused 
on  the  score  of  interest  charged — agreed  to  call  arbi- 
trators together.  John  Montgomery  dined  with  me, 
we  then  went  to  State  House  yard  at  3,  marched  with 
Fencibles  and  Prevost's  corps  to  Bush  Hill.  Spent 
evening  with  Bill  Fisher. 


Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasant s,  1814.     327 

May  3. — Sergeant  agreed  the  arbitrators  should 
meet  next  Thursday  evening — called  to  notify  Cal- 
lender  and  Lammot.  Carson  examined  the  subjects  of 
interest  in  an  open  account.  Jno.  McCrea  gave  me  $40. 
to  subscribe  to  Commercial  and  Schuylkill  Banks.  He 
put  my  name  afterward  at  Commercial  bank,  at 
Schuylkill  Bank  too  great  a  crowd.  After  tea  called 
on  Jno.  Hallowell  but  he  was  engaged,  then  went  to 
spend  the  evening  with  Phebe  Emlen. 

M ay  4. — Saw  McCrea,  returned  him  the  $40.,  being 
unable,  owing  to  the  crowd,  to  subscribe  for  him  to  the 
SchuylkiU  Bank.  Attended  a  meeting  of  the  Corps,  and 
after  adjourned,  walked  with  Capt.  Eaguet  to  Post 
Office. 

May  5. — After  dinner  found  H.  F.  in  my  office  ex- 
amining some  papers,  it  was  extraordinary,  tho' 
treated  him  politely. 

May  6. — P.  Emlen  dined  at  our  house.  Wrote  on  the 
subject  of  Militia.  Went  home  at  7,  P.  E.  and  Deborah 
there.  In  conversation  on  singular  marriages  after 
mentioning  Brackenridge  &c.  I  observed  I  had  lately 
heard  (indirectly  from  her  P.  E.)  of  a  very  singular 
match — Billingtons  and  Gibbs — both  women — "not 
from  me  I  guess "  she  replied,  and  all  the  girls  seemed 
much  confused,  while  I  feel  very  silly.  After  the 
Emlens  had  gone  home,  took  a  walk  with  Ben.  Gratz. 

May  7. — At  the  request  of  Lewis  attended  Lodge  121, 
spent  two  hours  there.  Wrote  on  the  subject  of  the 
campaign.  Agreed  with  Shober  on  a  ticket  for  non- 
com,  officers  for  Washington  Guards  at  August  elec- 
tion. 

May  11. — Drank  tea  at  John  McCrea's,  P.  E.  there, 
who  invited  me  to  accompany  her  and  the  girls  to 
Tacony  tomorrow  afternoon — agreed.  Went  home 
with  P.  E.  Today  the  news  arrived  of  the  success  of 
the  U.  S.  sloop  Peacock  over  the  British  sloop. 

May  13. — Went  home  to  prepare  for  parade.     The 


328     Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814. 

lock  of  the  drawer  in  which  my  epaulets  &c  are  kept 
was  overshot ;  got  out  of  patience,  swore  like  a  trooper 
and  behaved  like  a  fool.  Sent  for  blacksmith  who  did 
not  come  at  once,  had  to  send  again,  in  the  meantime, 
Mother  picked  the  lock.  Got  to  the  State  House  yard 
at  2  o'clock;  the  84th  Regiment  marched  around  the 
yard  and  was  then  dismissed.  Rained  the  whole  time; 
it  was  the  legal  muster  day.  After  tea  to  the  Eeading 
Eoom,  talked  a  little  with  Francis  Coxe  and  Jonah 
Thompson.  Spent  the  evening  at  Jno.  Hallowells, 
with  him  his  wife  and  Moore  Wharton ;  we  talked  about 
country  lawyers :  Duncan,  Watts,  Sitgreaves,  Hopkins, 
Ross;  Simon  Snyder,  his  independence  in  refusing  to 
sanction  the  Bank  Bill;  Moses  Levy's  severity  when 
Recorder. 

May  16. — Burns,  Shober  and  Traquair  called.  Went 
to  the  wharf  and  returned  with  Dick  Dale,  and  at  cry 
of  fire  walked  down  town. 

May  19. — At  home  found  grandmother,  uncle  James 
and  Aunt  Fox;  went  to  the  Lodge  for  half  an  hour, 
and  then  took  grandmother  home.  Went  to  the  Read- 
ing Room  and  began  to  read  Porter's  Russian  Cam- 
paign. After  I  went  to  bed  the  girls  called  to  me  to 
examine  their  closet,  thinking  somebody  was  concealed 
there. 

May  21. — Saw  Raguet,  told  him  I  had  recommended 
Col.  Berry  to  make  to  him  in  writing  a  representation 
of  the  insult  he  had  received  from  one  of  our  Corps 
on  parade  (Greenwood) ;  said  he  will  take  measures 
to  have  the  fellow  disgraced.  In  the  afternoon  J.  Gratz 
and  I  played  chess.  Walter  Franklin  came  from  school 
to  procure  Summer  clothing. 

May  22. — Went  to  St.  James  church  to  hear  Bishop 
Moore,  newly  elected  Bishop  of  Virginia,  and  sat  in 
Carson's  pew.  Called  to  see  John  Clapier  and  uncle 
Charles,  but  they  were  at  dinner;  met  Mrs.  Gardner 


Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814.     329 

on  the  street.  Dined  at  home  and  took  walk  with  John 
McCrea,  stopped  at  John  Pemberton's. 

May  25. — After  dinner  played  chess  with  J.  Gratz; 
Jos.  Norris  called  while  we  were  at  it.  Spent  the  even- 
ing at  home.  Bill  Fisher,  Mary  and  Patty  Mullin  and 
Phebe  Emlen  there.  About  12  cry  of  fire,  helped  the 
engine. 

May  27. — At  2  went  to  Eobt  Smith's — his  wife  out 
of  town — the  company  Mr.  Baird,  from  Beading,  Ned. 
Ingersoll,  Lowber,  J.  B.  C.  Smith,  young  Potts,  Bob 
and  myself,  and  spent  a  pleasant  afternoon. 

May  31. — Shober  called  to  hand  me  his  resignation 
as  Secretary  of  the  Washington  Guard;  told  me  of 
Banten's  death.  Baguet  called  to  let  me  know  that 
the  corps  would  meet  tomorrow  at  3  to  attend  Banten's 
funeral,  and  to  request  my  attendance  to  preside  at 
tomorrows  meeting.  Went  to  Bowen's,  learned  he  had 
burst  a  blood  vessel  and  lay  at  the  point  of  death. 

June  1. — The  corps  met  in  State  House  yard  as 
citizens;  at  4  proceeded  to  the  house  of  Mr.  Banten, 
thence  to  the  Baptist  grave  yard,  heard  a  sermon  from 
Dr.  Stoughton ;  proceeded  then  to  Capt.  Baguets  where 
we  were  dismissed.  After  tea  passed  down  Arch 
street,  saw  E.  M.  at  window.  Went  to  Evans'  where 
there  was  a  meeting  of  the  Guard  and  presided. 

June  2. — About  12  went  to  pay  E.  M.  a  visit,  met 
Phebe  Emlen  and  Betsy  coming  out  of  meeting,  so  I 
went  on  my  way.  There  had  been  a  wedding,  Miss 
Smith  and  Joe  Boach.  Took  a  walk  round  as  did  not 
wish  to  be  seen  entering  the  house,  but  on  passing  by 
met  P.  E.  and  Betsy  again,  so  walked  a  square  or  two 
further  and  returned.  Sat  with  her  mother,  E.  M.  got 
home  in  a  few  minutes,  had  been  at  wedding,  she  looked 
sweet,  stayed  'till  1  o'clock. 

June  20. — Went  to  McClures  to  see  if  I  could  get 
a  conveyance  to  the  launch.  Father  had  procured 
tickets  to  go  with  the  girls  in  the  steamboat — Nancy, 


330     Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814. 

Salley  and  John  McCrea.  I  finally  arranged  to  go  in 
a  steamboat,  but  did  not  observe  until  after  we  started, 
that  the  boat  had  no  steam  engine,  and  we  drifted  up 
with  the  tide.  It  was  a  beautiful  sight,  so  many  boats 
on  the  river — a  Swedish  ship  close  by  where  we 
anchored,  also  a  French  vessel  with  the  Bourbon  flag. 
The  frigate  Guerrier  was  launched  at  10  minutes  past 
4  o'clock, — it  was  a  beautiful  launch,  and  a  pleasant 
breeze  played  over  the  water.  I  felt  so  impatient  at 
the  slow  mode  of  our  return,  that  I  came  ashore  in  a 
boat. 

June  29. — Went  to  the  State  House  yard,  drilled  the 
company,  and  then  home  to  breakfast. 

July  4. — Eeached  the  State  House  yard  before  8 
o  'clock ;  the  corp  paraded  84  men  including  4  musicians. 
At  one  corner  of  the  yard  camp  colors  were  placed  to 
exclude  the  crowd.  The  captain  paraded  the  company 
with  the  camp  colors,  they  performed  very  well.  About 
9  o'clock  joined  the  brigade  on  Sixth  street.  Olden- 
burg's company  took  the  right;  Eaguet  being  senior 
Captain  took  command  of  the  infantry.  We  marched 
to  Arch  street,  thence  to  Second,  to  Pine,  to  Third,  to 
Walnut,  to  Eighth,  to  Chestnut,  from  there  to  the 
Commons,  and  dismissed  for  fifteen  minutes;  visited 
Vauxhall  Garden.  Called  to  arms  and  fired  two  feu  de 
joi,  one  whole  volley  and  one  volley  by  companies.  The 
Washington  Guard  fired  remarkably  well.  The  corps 
then  went  down  Chestnut  to  Third,  met  the  Democratic 
procession  and  proceeded  to  the  Hall.  When  the  pro- 
cession reached  the  theatre  and  our  corps  appeared  on 
the  stage,  it  was  received  with  shouts  of  applause,. 
Caldwell  delivered  an  oration  of  two  hours  length,  and 
it  was  a  very  fine  one.  Montgomery,  B.  Biddle,  Tra- 
quair,  Shober  and  I  dined  together. 

August  26. — Henry  Etting  called  with  an  Aurora 
Extra;  there  had  been  a  battle  at  Bladensburg,  the 
British  victorious.  Went  to  Town  Meeting  and  se- 


Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814.     331 

cured  several  new  members.  At  the  meeting  of  the 
Guard  this  afternoon,  it  was  unanimously  resolved 
that  our  services  be  offered  to  the  Governor.  The 
Fencibles  marched  today. 

August  27. — Wrote  my  resignation  as  Second  Lieu- 
tenant, Washington  Guards,  to  the  Governor,  and  made 
a  formal  tender  of  my  services. 

August  29. — The  corps  is  to  go  by  water  to  Chester, 
baggage  wagons  to  set  off  at  8,  to  go  by  land. 

August  30. — The  baggage  wagons  did  not  come  as 
promised.  At  12  o'clock  set  off  with  54  men,  leaving 
Corporal  Richards  to  wait  for  the  baggage  wagons. 
Marched  past  the  Coffee  House,  cheered  three  times. 
Dined  by  invitation  of  Q.  M.  Hampton  at  Hugg's 
Tavern.  Went  on  board  the  boat,  and  after  arriving 
opposite  Chester  ran  aground.  Stayed  at  Pipers. 

August  31. — Set  off  for  Chadd's  Ford,  hilly  country 
— halted  at  Neaffs.  Watmough  and  Blackwood  sick 
from  eating  plums  and  milk.  Entertained  hospitably 
by  Mr.  Trimble,  and  reached  Chadd's  Ford  by  7  o'clock 
— bad  house  and  uncivil  landlady. 

September  1. — Set  off  at  7  o'clock,  got  to  camp  at 
11;  militia  arrived. 

September  3. — Detailed  for  guard — captain  of  main 
guard.  At  night  found  a  difficulty  in  keeping  the  men 
awake ;  ordered  the  corporal  to  take  the  muskets  from 
those  asleep,  and  drill  them. 

September  4. — Took  the  guard  to  practice  firing. 
Wells  made  the  best  shot.  A  man  was  shot  by  the 
awkward  firing  of  a  militiaman.  In  the  afternoon  Capt. 
Biddle  drilled  battalion  handsomely.  Granted  Henry 
P.  Coxe  leave  of  absence  owing  to  sickness. 

September  5. — Frank  Eawle  was  detailed  as  guard. 
Oldenburg's  company  arrived,  invited  Captain  and 
Lieutenant  Wright  to  dine  with  us.  In  the  afternoon 
at  3  o'clock  I  ordered  a  drill. 

September   6. — Rained   hard.     Pern,   and   Coleman 


332     Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814. 

Fisher  arrived,  they  with  Ehoads  dined  with  us,  and 
then  went  with  them  to  village.  100  Regulars  arrived, 
Col.  Clemson  assumed  command,  Eawle,  Biddle,  Mont- 
gomery and  I  had  a  pleasant  chat  on  the  relative  merits 
of  several  ladies. 

September  7. — At  8  o'clock  company  called  out, 
Eawle  drilled.  Several  applied  for  furloughs,  denied 
all,  told  them  to  apply  to  the  Colonel.  Joe  Burn  very 
sick  with  fever  and  ague,  granted  pass  to  Kittera  to 
tiy  to  get  accommodations  for  him  at  a  neighboring 
farm  house.  Invited  to  dine  with  Gratz  and  Swift — 
Biddle  on  guard.  In  the  evening  Gratz,  Montgomery 
and  I  went  to  see  Ingersoll  and  talked  about  the  for- 
mation of  a  regiment.  I  objected  to  Eaguet  as 
Colonel,  said  Biddle  was  a  better  officer. 

September  8. — Mounted  the  rear  guard  at  11  o'clock, 
Capt.  Town  officer  of  the  day.  Sam.  Euch  and  Gratz 
Etting  called  to  see  me.  Capt.  Mitchell  and  Murray's 
Company  Union  Guards  came  down. 

September  9. — H.  Williams,  and  J.  Swift  dined  with 
us  at  2,  then  the  tents  were  struck.  We  agreed  to 
relax  in  the  austerity  of  our  deportment  to  the  pri- 
vates. 

September  10. — At  8  drilled  the  company.  Invited 
Capt.  Ingersoll  to  dine  with  us;  Mr.  Trimble  came  to 
camp  with  his  gig  filled  with  pears,  apples,  vegetables, 
and  milk — invited  him  to  dine  with  us.  We  had  an 
excellent  dinner  for  camp.  It  is  understood  that  Peter 
A.  Browne  will  try  to  be  either  Colonel  or  Lieutenant 
Colonel. 

September  11. — Mr.  Ely  preached,  but  we  could 
scarcely  hear  him.  Went  to  see  Jo.  Burn,  who  is  still 
ill;  his  mother  came  down  to  see  him.  At  4  o'clock 
Biddle  drilled  the  Battalion,  afterwards  the  companies 
were  dismissed  and  attended  another  sermon.  In  the 
evening  read  the  Brigade  orders — I  am  detailed  as 
Officer  of  the  Day. 


Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814.     333 

September  12. — Drilled  the  company  till  1/2  past 
6 — dismissed  before  "Peas  upon  a  trencher'' — all  the 
officers  were  reported  for  not  turning  out.  At  8  after 
the  parade  was  over  the  Brigade  Major  observed  that 
some  officers  were  practicing  cuts  with  the  sword,  if 
it  were  done  again  they  should  be  arrested.  This  re- 
mark is  intended  for  Lieut.  Swift;  I  did  not  hear 
before  of  it  being  contrary  to  regulations.  Swift  said 
he  hoped  he  would  have  an  opportunity  of  cutting  in 
another  manner.  I  went  to  Capt.  Biddle's  marque  for 
duty  as  Officer  of  the  Day;  Swift  came  in  very  much 
affected,  he  wanted  to  resign  and  challenge  the  Brigade 
Major;  the  officers  opposed  it;  he  addressed  a  note  to 
him  expressing  his  sentiments.  The  B.  M.  replied,  that 
he  had  sent  Adjutant  Levall  to  him  to  request  him  to 
desist.  The  Adjutant  said  he  had  executed  his  orders, 
that  Swift  after  that  flourished  his  sword,  that  he 
thought  the  rebuke  proper  under  the  circumstances. 
Swift  sent  word  that  the  order  had  never  been  com- 
municated to  him;  the  Adjutant  was  called  and  lec- 
tured. The  officers  were  all  lectured  for  their  neglect 
of  orders.  Cash  went  round  with  me  to  visit  the 
sentinels.  Videttes  arrived  with  an  acount  of  several 
sail  near  Baltimore.  The  militia  ordered  off.  Mont- 
gomery and  several  officers  reprimanded  in  orders  for 
not  turning  out  early  enough  this  morning  on  guard. 
Orders  were  read  for  Battalion  to  hold  itself  ready 
for  an  immediate  march.  Cadwalader  expected  down 
soon — thought  probable  we  will  march  towards  Bal- 
timore tomorrow.  After  tatto,  Brown  captain  of  the 
main  guard  sent  word  there  was  a  great  fire  in  the 
encampment — inquiry  found  it  proceeded  from  the 
kitchen.  Eain  hard  and  thundered.  Eawle  with  me, 
we  had  no  trench,  water  came  in  the  bottom  of  tent, 
put  Montgomery's  bed  and  mine  on  trunks.  Went  with 
Eawle  to  Main  Guard,  dark,  walked  slow,  requested 
Brown  not  to  turn  out  the  guard.  Corporal  Wilcox 


334     Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814. 

went  the  guard  rounds  with  us,  got  very  wet,  and  in 
our  return  took  some  raw  Brandy.  As  we  passed 
along  the  tents  found  all  the  members  wet  and  uncom- 
fortable. Went  to  Eawle's  tent  and  slept  with  him  on 
a  big  mattress. 

September  13. — Eained  hard.  About  9  Cadwalader 
appeared,  every  soldier  ran  forward  and  cheered  him 
—he  passed  with  McCall  and  Powell  in  graceful  style. 
His  marque  was  pitched  in  the  morning.  I  was  re- 
lieved about  1/2  past  9,  went  down  to  guard,  was  intro- 
duced to  Powell,  he  acts  as  Brigade  Major.  It  was 
stated  that  Eawle's  troop  will  arrive  in  the  course  of 
the  day,  we  agreed  to  provide  a  handsome  dinner  for 
Eawle's  brother.  I  felt  wet  and  uncomfortable  and 
changed  my  dress.  At  2  the  troop  not  arriving  asked 
Hawkins  and  Kittera  to  dine  with  me.  Sometime  after 
dinner  the  troop  arrived  and  went  to  Kennett  Square; 
I  asked  Capt  Eawle  to  take  tea  with  me,  but  he  had 
to  go  see  his  troop  provided.  Mifflin  was  attacked  with 
violent  chills  and  had  to  be  removed  from  camp.  James 
Biddle  appointed  by  Cadwalader  his  private  secretary. 

September  14. — Earning;  went  down  to  guard  house, 
saw  Ingersoll,  told  him  I  heard  there  was  to  be  an 
election  for  officers.  Several  of  my  company  told  me 
that  it  was  understood  that  I  was  to  be  Major.  Capt. 
Biddle  dined  with  me.  At  2  o'clock  the  polls  were 
opened.  Eained  in  torrents,  water  came  into  my  tent 
and  carried  down  my  small  trunk.  I  procured  an 
empty  musket  case  for  a  bedstead. 

September  15. — Still  raining;  after  roll  call  went  to 
bed  again.  Dickinson  called  to  tell  me  Biddle  was 
elected  Colonel,  Eaguet  Lieut.  Colonel,  Ingersoll  first 
Major,  and  Vorhees,  second  Major.  Detailed  Officer 
of  the  Day.  Biddle  said  my  company  would  be  the  left 
and  entitled  to  the  honor  of  light  troops  and  be  em- 
ployed in  skirmishing.  Gen.  Cadwalader  sent  for  me 
to  inform  me  that  the  fence  rails  had  been  destroyed; 


Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814.     335 

I  must  order  the  guard  to  prevent  it ;  that  the  country 
people  sold  liquors  and  provisions  outside  line  of  sen- 
tinels; that  I  must  drive  them  away  before  1  o'clock, 
or  else  they  must  come  inside  and  submit  to  camp 
regulations.  The  regulars  left  the  encampment  and 
some  volunteers  arrived.  Mifflin  was  elected  captain 
unanimously. 

September  17. — A  beautiful  morning.  At  7  struck 
tents,  loaded  the  wagons,  and  marched  with  the  men  a 
mile  and  a  half  to  our  new  ground. 

September  18. — Owing  to  the  bad  weather  Col.  Biddle 
ordered  us  to  omit  drill.  Heard  of  John  Byrd's  death 
—killed  in  battle.  I  was  taken  sick  on  parade. 

September  20. — Moved  our  encampment,  Eawle  on 
guard  and  I  superintended  pitching  the  tents.  The 
bedsteads  for  Montgomery  and  me  arrived  today.  The 
militia  joined  us. 

September  21. — Biddle  on  guard.  Shober  and  wife 
presented  us  with  a  pair  of  ducks ;  invited  them  to  dine 
with  us.  Received  our  commissions,  dated  Sept.  17. 

September  22. — Dupont  has  asked  me  to  dine  with 
him  on  Saturday — accepted;  Manigault  dined  with  us. 
Eawle  got  boards  to  make  a  floor  for  our  tent. 

September  24. — After  parade,  Court  of  Inquiry. 
Went  to  Dupont 's  to  dine,  in  company  with  Col.  Biddle 
and  T.  Peters.  Gen.  Cadwalader  there. 

September  25. — Went  on  with  Court  of  Inquiry  and 
making  out  muster  rolls.  It  is  reported  we  will  go  to 
Baltimore.  Rawle  sent  for,  owing  to  illness  of  his 
sister. 

October  4. — At  12  went  to  be  drilled  by  Ingersoll 
under  supervision  of  Col.  Biddle.  Went  on  parade  and 
commanded  the  Fencibles. 

October  5. — The  Governor  [Snyder]  and  Gen. 
Bloomfield  expected  today,  but  it  rained  so  hard  they 
deferred  their  visit.  Frank  Rawle  was  taken  very  ill 
towards  morning,  called  his  brother,  was  taken  to  a 


336     Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814. 

farm  house  close  by.  I  am  to  be  Officer  of  the  Day  to- 
morrow, and  after  tattoo  went  to  Col.  Biddle  to  be  in- 
structed in  the  proper  manner  to  receive  the  Governor. 
October  6. — Prepared  to  perform  my  duty  today. 
After  parade  instructed  my  company  in  the  firing  posi- 
tion; we  were  then  formed  in  line  as  the  Governor 
and  Gen.  Bloomfield  were  approaching — a  salute  was 
fired  as  they  passed  us — I  then  got  the  old  guard  to 
fall  in.  We  were  marched  to  the  adjoining  field  and 
renewed.  After  our  dismissal  was  introduced  to  the 
Governor.  Frank  Eawle  is  better,  called  to  see  him. 
A  company  from  Beading  arrived,  only  57  men.  Learn 
that  the  camp  arrangements  at  Marcus  Hook  are  very 
indifferent,  when  Governor  went  there,  nobody  to  re- 
ceive him. 

(To  be  continued.) 


The  Passing  of  the  Harmonites.  337 


THE    PASSING   OF    THE    HAEMONITES. 

A  STORY  OF  A  SUCCESSFUL,  COMMUNISTIC  VENTURE. 
BY  REV.  CLARENCE  EDWARD  MACARTNEY,  A.M.,  D.D. 

"A  day  is  past,  and  a  step  nearer  the  end.  Our  time 
runs  away,  but  the  joy  of  the  kingdom  will  be  our 
reward !"  This  was  the  cry  of  the  night  watchman 
that  one  might  have  heard  a  century  ago  echoing 
through  the  streets  of  the  little  village  of  Harmony, 
among  the  hills  of  Western  Pennsylvania,  where  the 
German  Brothers  of  Perpetual  Separation  had  built 
for  themselves  an  house  in  the  wilderness.  The  very 
name  "Harmony"  would  lead  one  to  suppose  that  the 
town  had  been  founded  by  old  men  who  dreamed 
dreams  or  young  men  who  saw  visions.  The  story 
of  the  Harmonites  is  the  story  of  a  dream,  but  a  dream 
in  the  light  of  which  men  lived  and  died  for  near  a 
hundred  years. 

This  dream,  like  many  others  of  its  kind,  was  made 
in  Germany.  To-day  Germany  is  the  home  of  im- 
perialism and  criticism,  the  personification  of  military 
prowess  and  commercial  energy  and  enterprise.  But 
the  Germany  of  a  century  ago  was  not  so.  It  was  a 
bruised  reed  and  a  smoking  flax  among  the  nations, 
trampled  and  humiliated  by  the  restless  Corsican.  But 
the  wind  of  faith  and  meditation  blew  gently  upon  the 
bruised  reed,  and  like  the  lyre  of  mythology  it  gave 
forth  a  pleasing  sound.  God  gave  the  broken  nation 
songs  in  the  night  of  its  distress,  and  thus  it  came 
about  that  Germany  was  the  fostering  mother  of  mys- 
tics and  dreamers  in  religion.  Out  of  Germany  had 
come  the  Quietists,  the  Dunkers,  the  Mennonites.  and 
now  the  Harmonites. 

Although  America  has  not  been  prolific  in  commun- 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 22 


338  The  Passing  of  the  Harmonites. 

istic  or  religious  theories,  it  lias  been  the  favorite  field 
for  the  practical  testing  of  these  doctrines  brought 
forth  elsewhere.  It  has  been  estimated  that  between 
1607,  the  Jamestown  settlement,  and  1894,  there  have 
been  more  than  two  hundred  communistic  experiments 
made  in  the  United  States.  Brook  Farm,  Zoar,  Icaria, 
Bethel,  Aurora,  the  Perfectionists  of  Oneida,  the 
Shakers, — these  are  only  a  few  among  those  social  and 
religious  adventures  which  characterized  American 
history.  Of  all  these  communities,  the  most  successful, 
the  most  honorable,  and  perhaps  the  longest  lived,  was 
that  founded  by  George  Eapp  at  Harmony,  Pennsyl- 
vania. To  all  who  looked  and  wished  for  something 
new  in  society  and  religion,  Pennsylvania  was  the  land 
of  promise.  Thither  had  come  the  Quakers,  the 
Dunkers,  the  Mennonites.  It  was  natural,  then,  that 
the  discontented  families  of  Wurtenberg  should  have 
chosen  Pennsylvania  for  a  place  of  settlement. 

George  Eapp  was  born  October  28,  1757,  at  Iptin- 
gen,  Wurtenberg.  He  was  a  farmer  and  vine  planter, 
but  his  best  thoughts  were  for  the  Kingdom  of  God. 
The  formalism  and  positive  irreligion  of  the  state 
church  made  him  dissatisfied  and  unhappy.  He 
gathered  a  few  of  his  friends  together  for  the  study 
of  the  Bible  and  for  the  quickening  of  their  religious 
life.-  Like  the  founders  of  Methodism,  their  hope  was 
to  reform  the  church  from  within.  But  non-conformity 
and  strange  ways  invited  persecution  and  abuse.  When 
the  King  was  petitioned  to  suppress  them,  he  said, ' '  Do 
they  pay  their  taxes?"  Upon  being  told  that  no  sub- 
jects were  more  regular  or  prompt,  the  King  answered, 
"Then  let  them  believe  as  they  please."  But  the 
people  were  foolish  where  the  King  was  wise,  and  to 
escape  from  annoyance  and  abuse  Bapp  planned  to 
take  his  followers  to  Pennsylvania.  In  1803  he  visited 
the  United  States  and  purchased  five  thousand  acres 
from  Dr.  Delmar  Basse,  a  wealthy  German  settler. 


The  Passing  of  the  Harmonites.  339 

The  land  lay  along  the  Connoquenessing  Creek,  in 
Butler  County,  and  about  thirty  miles  from  Pittsburgh. 
The  next  summer  three  shiploads  of  the  Harmonites 
arrived  at  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore.  One  of  these 
bands  settled  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state,  but  the 
rest  made  their  way  over  the  mountains  to  their  new 
home  in  the  western  wilderness.  The  first  winter  was 
a  season  of  hardship  and  want ;  but  when  the  harvests 
of  wheat,  rye,  and  hemp  were  garnered  and  the  hills 
planted  with  the  vine,  the  community  was  secure 
against  want.  They  were  thrifty,  hard-working  peas- 
ants and  well  suited  to  battle  with  the  soil  and  the 
elements. 

Neither  communism  nor  celibacy,  the  two  experi- 
ments which  made  the  Harmonites  known  in  all  the 
world,  had  been  adopted  by  them  when  they  came  from 
Germany.  Their  communism  was  a  natural  outgrowth 
of  the  struggle  they  had  to  build  their  homes  and  main- 
tain themselves.  One  had  to  help  the  other,  or  all 
would  have  perished.  Unavowed  communism  had 
worked  with  them  so  successfully  that  they  resolved 
to  make  it  the  practice  of  their  community.  By  vesting 
title  to  all  property  in  the  Society  they  established  a 
practical  communism,  successful  where  so  many  simi- 
lar devices  had  quickly  and  completely  collapsed.  The 
Society  was  thus  organized  in  February,  1805,  and  so 
well  satisfied  were  all  the  members  that,  in  1818,  the 
books  which  showed  the  property  and  holdings  of  each 
family  at  the  time  of  the  first  settlement  were  publicly 
burned. 

In  keeping  with  communal  life  the  members  adopted 
a  simple  and  uniform  costume.  The  departments  of 
labor  were  organized  with  labor  for  all  but  drudgery 
for  none;  and  with  efficient  management  and  common 
zeal  and  industry  the  settlement  flourished  beyond  ex- 
pectations. They  had  churches,  tanneries,  brick-yards, 
distilleries  and  vineyards. 


340  The  Passing  of  the  Harmonites. 

In  1807,  the  members  of  the  Society  were  shaken  with 
a  religious  revival  and  under  the  inspiration  of  the 
hour  Rapp  began  to  teach  the  superior  merit  of  sexual 
abstinence.  In  this  respect  the  Harmonites  are  one 
with  the  Shakers.  With  common  voice  Eapp  and  his 
followers  abjured  marriage  and  adopted  celibacy  as  the 
rule  of  their  life.  Those  already  married  did  not  sepa- 
rate, but  continued  to  occupy  the  same  home,  no  longer 
man  and  wife,  but  "Brother  and  Sister  in  Christ." 
There  was  little  protest  against  the  new  order  and  no 
rigorous  means  of  enforcing  the  practice  and  separat- 
ing the  sexes.  It  was  the  glory  of  the  Harmonites  that 
they  upheld  this  custom  without  complaint  and  without 
compulsion.  The  adoption  of  celibacy  was  ultimately 
the  death  of  the  community,  for  their  could  be  no  natu- 
ral increase  and  the  rule  hindered  increase  by  prosely- 
tising; but  at  the  same  time,  the  long  and  vigorous 
existence  of  the  Society,  when  so  many  other  kindred 
schemes  had  been  cut  down  like  the  grass,  is  in  part 
attributable  to  the  pure  life  and  unblemished  morality 
of  the  members. 

The  lode-star  of  Rapp's  religious  faith  was  the 
second  advent  of  Jesus  Christ.  Chiliasm  has  cast  its 
spell  over  Christian  disciples  in  all  the  ages  of  the 
Church;  but  in  contrast  with  the  Thessalonians,  who 
neglected  their  daily  work  in  anticipation  of  the  coming 
of  the  Lord,  the  Harmonites  made  the  coming  of  Christ 
as  Saviour  and  Judge  a  reason  for  greater  care  and 
fidelity  in  the  affairs  of  this  world.  Their  belief  in 
the  near  coming  of  Christ  undoubtedly  played  some 
part  in  their  adoption  of  celibacy.  As  the  day  was  at 
hand  when  they  must  present  their  bodies  unto  Christ, 
let  none  defile  them  with  carnal  pleasures.  Having 
chosen  this  rule  of  life,  it  was  easy  for  them  to  defend 
the  custom  from  Scripture.  Eapp  preached  of  the  one 
hundred  and  forty  four  thousand  of  the  Apocalypse 
who  were  not  defiled  with  women.  Jesus  had  defined 


The  Passing  of  the  Harmonites.  341 

the  Kingdom  of  Heaven  as  a  state  where  they  neither 
marry  nor  are  given  in  marriage,  and  since  that  King- 
dom was  quickly  to  be  ushered  in,  the  followers  of  Kapp 
desired  to  be  conformed  to  the  order  of  that  Kingdom. 
This  was  the  practical  basis  of  their  celibacy.  Philo- 
sophically and  theologically  it  was  based  on  the  literal 
interpretation  of  Genesis  1  :  27  "male  and  female  cre- 
ated he  them."  Made  in  the  image  of  God,  man  was 
dual  in  his  nature,  combining  the  male  and  the  female 
elements,  and  there  would  have  been  some  sinless 
propagation  of  the  race.  But  Adam,  seeing  the  beasts 
in  pairs,  conceived  a  like  desire,  and  God  separated 
the  female  element  from  him.  This  was  the  real  fall 
of  man,  when  unholy  passion  arose.  Christ  was  the 
"second  Adam"  and  hence  the  regenerate  life,  here 
and  hereafter,  must  be  celibate. 

How  celibacy  made  the  Harmonites  famous  through- 
out the  world  is  shown  by  a  verse  in  Byron's  "Don 
Juan:" 

"When  Bapp  the  Harmonist  embargoed  marriage 
In  his  harmonious  settlement  (which  flourishes 

Strangely  enough  as  yet  without  miscarriage, 

Because  it  breeds  no  more  mouths  than  it  nourishes, 

Without  those  sad  expenses  which  disparage 
What  nature  naturally  most  encourages), 

Why  call'd  he  "Harmony"  a  state  sans  wedlock? 

Now  here  IVe  got  the  preacher  at  a  deadlock. 

Because  he  either  meant  to  sneer  at  harmony 
Or  marriage,  by  divorcing  them  thus  oddly; 

But  whether  reverend  Eapp  learn 'd  this  in  Germany 
Or  not, 

My  objection's  to  his  title,  not  his  ritual,' 

Although  I  wonder  how  it  grew  habitual." 

Many  religious  and  economic  schemes  have  gone  to 
the  other  extreme  and  made  a  "fair  show"  of  the  flesh 


342  The  Passing  of  the  Harmonites. 

after  the  manner  of  the  Mormons  and  the  Mohamme- 
dans, and  in  this  country  the  success  of  the  celibate 
Harmonites  furnishes  a  marked  contrast  to  the  dismal 
failures  of  other  communistic  experiences  which  would 
destroy  marriage.  A  study  of  the  many  communistic 
experiments  in  the  United  States  will  show  how  those 
with  a  religious  foundation  or  charter  have  invariably 
had  better  success  and  longer  life  than  those  of  a 
purely  economic  nature. 

In  1814,  finding  that  the  Pennsylvania  hills  were  not 
adapted  for  vine  growing,  and  feeling  their  remote- 
ness from  navigation,  the  Harmonites  sold  their  plan- 
tation and  removed  to  New  Harmony,  on  the  banks 
of  the  Wabash,  in  Indiana.  Here  they  were  plagued 
with  malaria.  For  this  reason  they  sold  New  Harmony 
to  Eobert  Dale  Owen,  the  dreamer  of  New  Lanark, 
for  $150,000  and  settled  once  more  in  Pennsylvania, 
this  time  on  the  banks  of  the  Ohio  Eiver,  in  Beaver 
County.  Here  they  built  the  town  of  Economy,  long 
a  model  of  prosperity,  neatness  and  morality.  The 
Pittsburgh  industrial  district  was  just  then  in  the  be- 
ginning of  its  great  development.  The  Harmonites 
gave  substantial  aid  to  the  opening  up  of  the  country 
by  railroads  and  canals.  At  Economy  they  manufac- 
tured the  first  silk  made  in  the  United  States.  A  unique 
feature  of  their  industrial  enterprise  was  the  importa- 
tion of  five  hundred  Chinese  coolies  to  work  in  the 
cutlery  mills  at  Beaver  Falls.  The  Harmonites  were 
the  liberal  patrons,  not  only  of  trade  and  agriculture, 
but  of  education  and  the  fine  arts,  the  grounds  on  which 
Geneva  College  now  stands,  being  a  donation  from  the 
Society.  Everything  which  they  touched  flourished, 
but  the  practice  of  Celibacy  made  the  extinction  of  the 
Society  only  a  question  of  time.  The  numbers  dwindled 
and  dwindled,  until  of  all  those  who  took  the  vows  of 
perpetual  separation  in  1807,  not  one  was  left.  In  1903, 
a  Pittsburgh  syndicate  purchased  the  Economite  lands 


The  Passing  of  the  Harmonites.  343 

for  $4,000,000.  Such  was  the  end  of  the  most  remark- 
able and  most  successful  communistic  venture  that  the 
world  had  ever  seen. 

To-day  the  visitor  at  Harmony  will  find  still  stand- 
ing some  of  the  buildings  erected  by  these  rugged, 
godly  folk  a  century  ago.  Although  they  abjured  to- 
bacco, they  loved  strong  drink.  The  hillsides  show  the 
Khine-like  terraces  for  the  vine,  and  the  cellars  have 
vaults  of  solid  masonry.  All  that  they  built,  from 
church  to  wine  cellar,  was  large,  ample  and  substantial. 
One  showery  summer's  day  we  passed  through  the 
quiet  streets  and  read  the  quaint  legends  which  they 
had  carved  in  the  stones  over  the  doorways.  As  we 
looked  we  thought  of  the  hearts  that  must  have  broken 
within  these  walls,  when  husband  and  wife,  in  the 
strange  infatuation  of  religious  musing,  had  separated 
one  from  the  other  and  forever  sealed  the  fountain  of 
the  heart.  A  by-path  led  us  to  the  summit  of  a  steep 
hill  and  then  down  its  face  until  we  came  to  a  cave  or 
grotto,  the  shadow  of  great  rock  in  a  weary  land.  It 
was  the  favorite  seat  and  resting  place  of  Father  Eapp. 
There  he  would  sit  with  the  Bible  open  on  his  knees, 
his  eyes  looking  off  beyond  the  river  to  the  peaceful 
and  well-watered  valley  where  he  had  led  his  people. 
But  he  looked  too  at  the  things  which  were  not  seen. 
" Until  He  Come"  was  the  motto  of  his  life  and  the 
subject  of  his  dreams.  There  is  a  compelling  pathos 
in  his  faithful  waiting  for  the  coming  of  the  Bride- 
groom. "If  I  did  not  know,"  he  once  said,  "that  the 
dear  Lord  meant  I  should  present  you  all  to  Him,  I 
should  think  my  last  moments  come." 

From  the  vantage  point  of  the  cool  retreat  we  could 
see  on  a  neighboring  hill  a  clump  of  pines,  which  seemed 
to  be  enclosed  with  a  wall  of  granite.  It  was  the  place 
where  they  had  laid  their  dead,  and  it  speaks  more 
eloquently  of  the  hope  and  heart-break  of  human  life 
than  the  great  piles  of  Egypt  or  the  subterranean 


344  The  Passing  of  the  Harmonites. 

passages  of  the  early  Christian  Eome.  Four  walls  of 
stone  guard  the  sleep  of  those  who  died  in  the  faith, 
not  having  received  the  promise.  Through  one  of  the 
walls  entrance  was  had  by  a  gate  such  as  we  had  never 
seen.  It  was  a  massive  monolith,  a  great  stone  rolled 
to  the  door  of  the  sepulchre,  yet  so  swung  in  the  center 
that  an  infant's  hand  could  push  it  aside.  But  within 
was  the  mystery.  We  looked  in  vain  for  "storied  urn 
or  animated  bust/'  and  for  "their  name,  their  years, 
spelt  by  th'  unlettered  Muse."  In  life  they  had  "all 
things  in  common"  and  even  in  death  they  are  not 
divided.  There,  beneath  the  blue  heaven  and  in  the 
shelter  of  the  pines,  they  lie  unmarked  and  indistin- 
guishable in  the  vast  democracy  and  pale  communism 
of  death,  until  the  day-break  and  the  shadows  flee  away. 


On  the  Frontier  During  the  Indian  War.       345 


SIX  MONTHS  ON  THE  FRONTIER  OF  NORTH- 
AMPTON COUNTY,  PENNA.,  DURING  THE 
INDIAN  WAR,  OCTOBER  1755— JUNE  1756. 

Braddock's  defeat  in  July  of  1755  was  not  only  a 
fatal  termination  of  a  campaign  which  had  been  ex- 
pected would  inflict  a  decisive  blow  upon  the  French 
and  their  Indian  allies,  but  it  gave  the  signal  to  the 
disaffected  Indians  to  make  the  frontiers  of  the  Prov- 
ince the  scene  of  a  predatory  warfare,  in  which  the 
northern  bounds  of  old  Northampton  County  were 
severely  scourged.  Its  remoter  settlements  and  plan- 
tations, which  nestled  in  the  small  valleys  north  of  the 
Blue  Mountains,  suffered  severely  in  the  winter  of 
1755-1756. 

Six  weeks  after  the  first  inroad  of  the  Indians,  not 
only  was  transmontane  Northampton  almost  entirely 
deserted  by  its  settlers,  but  even  the  tier  of  townships 
along  the  eastern  slope  of  the  mountains  were  left  to 
their  fate.  It  was  in  this  precipitate  flight  that  the 
Moravian  villages  and  farms  on  the  Nazareth  tract 
were  sought  out  by  the  fugitives,  and  it  was  only 
through  extreme  prudence  and  by  incessant  watchful- 
ness of  their  inhabitants  that  they  were  saved  from 
destruction. 

In  1741  the  Moravians  bought  of  George  Whitefield 
the  Nazareth  tract  of  5000  acres,  on  which  he  designed 
to  erect  a  Charity  School,  to  be  named  "Ephrata." 
This  building  of  stone  the  Moravians  -completed  in 
1743.  In  1744  they  laid  out  a  farm  and  erected  build- 
ings to  the  south  of  "Ephrata,"  and  in  1745,  another 
one,  two  miles  N.  by  W.,  and  called  it  Gnadenthal. 
Adjoining  this  farm  a  third  improvement  was  made 


346        On  the  Frontier  During  the  Indian  War. 

in  1747,  comprising  a  grist  and  saw  mill,  stables,  smith 
shop,  brewery,  and  other  houses,  and  named  it  Chris- 
tian's Spring.  The  first  house  of  entertainment  was 
erected  in  1752,  on  the  north  bounds  of  the  tract  and 
on  the  road  to  the  Minisinks  and  the  settlements  on  the 
upper  Delaware.  The  name  given  to  this  lonely  inn 
was  ' '  The  Rose, ' '  to  keep  in  memory  a  point  in  history 
in  as  far  as  when  William  Penn  released  to  his  beloved 
daughter  "Tish"  the  5000  acres  of  Nazareth  tract,  it 
was  done  on  the  condition  of  her  yielding  and  paying 
therefor  one  Eed  Rose  on  the  24th  of  June  yearly,  if 
the  same  should  be  demanded. 

The  chroniclers  of  Nazareth  have  recorded  the  fol- 
lowing incidents  connected  with  the  Indian  maraud 
into  upper  Northampton  County  in  the  Winter  of  1755- 
1756. 

1755. 

October  31. — There  is  a  great  fear  come  upon  the 
people  of  this  neighborhood,  and  they  are  at  a  loss 
whither  to  go  for  refuge  from  the  Indians. 

November  1. — Our  good  friend  Franz  Clewell,1  near 
the  Rose  Inn,  came  to  us  and  related  that  yesterday 
there  had  suddenly  sprang  up  so  violent  a  whirlwind 
near  his  house  as  to  throw  his  six  year  old  boy  round 
and  round  and  to  tear  off  almost  the  entire  roof  from 
his  house. 

November  18. — This  morning  at  4  o'clock  several 
hard  shocks  of  an  earthquake  were  felt,  so  that  our 
house  and  the  people  in  bed  were  swayed  to  and  fro 
quite  perceptibly.  At  the  Rose  Inn,  all  the  doors  flew 
open.  The  morning  was  clear  and  not  a  breath  of  air.2 

November  23. — Received  the  intelligence  that  Post3 

*A  Huguenot  family,  but  last  from  the  Palatinate,  came  to  Penn- 
sylvania in  1737,  and  in  1746,  settled  two  miles  north  of  Nazareth. 

2  On  November  1,  1755,  60,000  persons  perished  in  the  city  of  Lisbon, 
as  it  was  being  shaken  by  an  earthquake. 

3  Christian  Frederick  Post,  the  well  known  missionary  to  the  Indians. 


On  the  Frontier  During  the  Indian  War.       347 

had  escaped  from  the  savages  at  Wyoming  and  last 
night  had  reached  Dansbury  [Monroe  Co.] 

November  25. — Heckewelder  brought  news  of  the 
calamity  at  Gnadenhuetten,  on  the  Mahoning.4  This 
evening  there  came  upwards  of  sixty  of  our  neighbors, 
(refugees)  for  lodgings. 

November  26. — This  morning  there  came  a  detatch- 
ment  of  thirty  soldiers  from  south  of  the  Lehigh,  to 
scout  through  our  neighborhood.  This  unexpected 
advent  caused  some  alarm. 

November  27. — After  dinner  two  detatchments  of 
Rangers  arrived,  which  after  having  dined  left.  The 
detatchment  of  yesterday  after  returning  from  their 
scout,  on  hearing  intelligence  that  the  savages  had  been 
seen  above  the  mountain,  broke  camp  at  night  and  as 
soon  as  the  Moon  rose,  set  out.  There  was  so  much  con- 
fusion, if  not  panic  among  them,  that  they  failed  to 
inspire  confidence. 

December  1. — Today  our  two  schools,  78  pupils  with 
15  attendants  and  their  baggage,  were  transported  to 
Bethlehem  in  wagons.  This  was  done  to  make  room 
for  the  refugees.5 

December  6. — A  new  alarm  of  Indians,  and  it  brought 
back  several  of  the  families,  who  last  week  had  returned 
to  their  farms. 

December  8. — Additional  families  of  refugees  ar- 
rived, among  them  one  Altemus.  We  have  decided  to 
lodge  all  refugees  in  the  stone  house  and  the  two  log 
houses  near  it. 

December  10. — Two  wagons  were  sent  to  fetch 
Indian  Corn  from  Culver's,6  above  the  mountain,  which 
we  wanted  to  secure,  as  the  savages  are  beginning  to 

4  The  surprise  and  massacre  of  eleven  members  of  the  mission  family 
by  Indians  that  almost  proved  fatal  to  the  mission. 

5  The  schools  were  reopened  in  May  of  1756. 

•  Ephraim  Culver  and  family,  who  came  from  Connecticut  in  1753, 
and  settled  in  Lower  Smithfield  township,  present  Monroe  county.  In 
1759  he  became  landlord  of  the  Rose  Inn. 


348        On  the  Frontier  During  the  Indian  War. 

maraud  in  that  vicinity.  When  scarcely  three  miles 
from  Culver's,  he  and  his  family  and  some  neighbors 
who  had  taken  refuge  in  his  house,  met  the  teamsters, 
stating  that  this  morning  the  savages  attacked  Brod- 
heads.  Had  our  wagons  arrived  earlier,  they  must 
have  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy ;  now  they  were 
a  help  to  the  refugees,  who  would  otherwise  have  been 
captured  by  the  Indians  in  ambush.  They  brought 
them  here  in  safety,  forty  odd  large  and  small.  Culver 
related  that  when  he  and  his  neighbors  were  about  one 
mile  from  his  house,  he  had  seen  several  Indians  in  the 
woods.  We  sent  word  of  this  advent  to  Bethlehem, 
also  that  last  night  the  Indians  had  sacked  Hoeth's 
plantation.7 

December  13. — Hillman's  wife,  a  daughter  of  David 
Prestin,  gave  birth  to  a  child.  Some  more  refugees 
arrived  today,  among  them  a  man  from  near  Hoeth 's, 
who  carried  his  wife  on  his  shoulders  lightly  clad  aud 
but  lately  confined. 

December  14. — Troops  arrived  in  command  of  Cap- 
tains Solomon  Jennings8  and  Doll,9  and  when  informed 
of  the  burnings  by  the  Indians  at  the  mountain, 
marched  their  men  thither. 

December  15. — A  suitable  sight  for  a  sentry  box  was 
selected  in  the  rear  of  our  stable  and  barn,  to  keep 
watch  over  these  buildings. 

December  16. — Jasper  Payne  came  up  from  Beth- 
lehem to  aid  to  caring  for  the  refugees.  The  soldiers 

7  Frederick  Hoeth  and  family  immigrated  to  Pennsylvania  in  1748,  and 
became  residents  of  Philadelphia.     In  1750,  he  bought  700  acres  on  a 
branch  of  Pocopoco  creek  [Monroe  Co.],  and  removed  to  his  plantation 
in  1752.    Capt.  John  Arndt,  of  the  Provincial  service,  writes  of  the  ill- 
fated  family :  "Frederick  hoeth  and  his  wife  and  one  of  his  Dattears  and 
another  girl  both  underage  and  Two  men  was  killed,  and  Three  dattears 
of  Frederick  hoeth  and  the  Smith  wife  and  two  children  them  were 
Taken  Presoner." 

8  Solomon  Jennings,  one  of  the  participants  in  the  "Indian  Walk"  of 
1737. 

8  Capt.  Doll  of  the  Provincial  service. 


On  the  Frontier  During  the  Indian  War.        349 

here  scouted  through  the  woods  in  our  neighborhood, 
but  discovered  nought. 

December  17. — The  soldiers  marched  to  the  moun- 
tains, to  search  for  the  dead  bodies  and  bury  them. 
Culver  and  some  of  his  neighbors  who  accompanied 
them  part  way,  found  most  of  their  houses  in  ruins, 
and  the  remnant  of  their  cattle  they  brought  back. 
They  had  met  a  party  of  Indians  with  horses  loaded 
with  spoils,  under  cover  of  a  reserve,  so  that  our 
people  had  to  retreat,  after  being  chased  for  some  dis- 
tance. Today  we  completed  a  catalogue  of  the  refugees 
here,  315  in  number. 

December  19. — The  Captain  who  on  17th.  marched 
to  the  mountains,  sent  a  demand  for  more  men, 
but  we  had  none  to  spare.  Captains  Jennings  and 
Doll  with  their  men,  returned  from  the  mountains. 
They  buried  the  corpses,  and  could  not  adequately  de- 
scribe the  devastation  by  the  Indians  up  there.  They 
left  a  lieutenant  and  18  men  to  post  here  for  a  few 
days,  and  with  the  others  left  for  home.  Tracks  of 
Indians  were  seen  at  the  Eose  Inn  today. 

December  20. — Mr.  Craig10  came  with  his  company  of 
Ulster-Scotch,  to  learn  whether  we  had  been  attacked, 
as  shooting  had  been  heard  in  this  direction.  They 
were  ordered  here  by  the  Commissioners,  who  were  at 
Bethlehem.  [Franklin,  with  Commissioners  Fox  and 
Hamilton,  arrived  at  Bethehem  on  December  18th.] 

December  21. — A  refugee  woman  was  brought  to  bed 
of  a  child.  Eeport  brought  here  by  a  man  from  the 
mountains,  that  the  Indians  had  agreed  on  this  night  to 
attack  our  farms  and  also  Friedensthal,  hence  Lieut. 
Brown11  and  his  18  men  moved  to  Friedensthal,12  to 

10  Capt.  Craig,  from  the  Ulster-Scot  settlement. 

11  Lieut.  Brown,  of  Capt.  Solomon  Jenning's  company. 

"The  capacity  of  the  grist  mill  at  Christian's  Spring  plantation, 
becoming  unable  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  settlements,  a  tract  of  324 
acres  on  the  Bushkill  creek,  and  adjoining  the  Nazareth  tract  on  the 
cast,  was  purchased  and  a  larger  mill  built,  and  named  Friedensthal. 


350        On  the  Frontier  During  the  Indian  War. 

cover  that  place ;  also  Capt.  Laubach,13  who  came  down 
today  from  the  mountains,  posted  part  of  his  30  men 
here  and  Gnadenthal.14 

December  22. — Capt.  Laubach  and  company  left  for 
home, — they  are  all  Germans  from  Saucon;  and  ex- 
pected to  be  relieved  here  by  another  company  from 
that  place,  but  were  disappointed.  Lieut.  Brown  with 
his  men  returned  from  Friedensthal — all  quiet  there 
last  night,  and  they  left  for  the  mountains  again. 

December  23. — The  sentry  box  built  of  green  logs 
and  filled  with  clay  (fire  proof),  is  to  be  maned  by  four 
men,  who  are  to  keep  lookout  over  the  stabling,  lest  it 
be  fired  by  the  Indians. 

December  26. — Two  companies  of  soldiers  from 
Easton  halted  here  and  then  marched  on  to  the  moun- 
tains, to  build  a  fort  there  for  the  defence  of  the  coun- 
try. 

December  27. — Dr.  Otto,15  under  escort,  set  out  for 
Brodhead's  to  visit  a  negro  wounded  at  the  late  attack, 
but  he  died  half  an  hour  after  his  arrival. 

December  30. — At  noon  Joseph  Powell  came  from 
Bethlehem,  followed  by  two  wagons  laden  with  goods 
and  clothing  for  the  refugees,  sent  by  some  Quakers 
in  Philadelphia,  with  a  letter  from  Anthony  Benezet. 
In  the  evening  followed  two  other  wagons  with  pro- 
visions, sent  by  some  Germans  in  the  Great  Swamp, 
under  convoy  of  20  men.  They  were  much  moved  at 
the  distressing  objects  with  us. 

December  31. — The  wagons  and  convoy  returned. 


13  Capt.  Laubach  was  settled  on  a  branch  of  the  Sancon  creek  below 
Bethlehem,  prior  to  1746. 

14  The  second  plantation  laid  out  on  the  Nazareth  tract,  1745,  2  miles 
N.  by  W.  from  the  house  "Ephrata." 

15  John  Matthew  Otto,  born  in  Meiningen,  Germany,  9  November,  1714. 
Studied  medicine  and  surgery  at  Augsburg.     Came  to  Pennsylvania  in 
July  of  1750,  and  for  thirty-six  years  was  physician  and  surgeon  of  the 
Moravian  settlements.     Died  in  1785. 


On  the  Frontier  During  the  Indian  War.       351 

1756. 

January  1. — Columns  of  rising  smoke  at  different 
points  along  the  horizon,  mark  the  course  of  the  sav- 
ages who  roamed  within  four  miles  of  our  settlements. 
We  got  news  that  the  savages  had  devistated  not  only 
on  the  other  side,  but  also  on  this  side  of  the  moun- 
tains,— burning  and  murdering.  In  the  evening  Culver 
returned  again  from. up  the  country,  a  brand  snatched 
from  the  fire,  as  the  house  in  which  he  and  his  friends 
had  lodged  last  night,  they  saw  in  flames  soon  after 
leaving  this  morning. 

January  2. — This  morning  came  a  young  man,  just 
escaped  from  the  fury  of  the  Indians.  We  tore  down 
the  old  log  wash-house,  as  it  could  easily  be  fired. 

January  3. — Two  children  who  escaped  from  the 
Indians,  came  safe  to  their  refugee  parents  here. 

January  4. — This  morning  a  house  burned  down  in 
our  neighborhood. 

January  5. — John  Burstler  was  sent  with  a  letter 
from  the  Governor  to  Capt.  Isaac  Wayne,16  at  Easton, 
ordering  him  to  come  to  Nazareth  with  his  company  of 
50  men.  In  the  evening  they  arrived,  and  are  to  re- 
main for  sometime  to  cover  this  section.  It  is  feared, 
that  if  our  places  fall,  the  enemy  will  move  to  Phila- 
delphia. 

January  6. — Capt.  Wayne  and  his  men  inspected  the 
sentry  houses. 

January  8. — Several  refugee  families  left  today  to 
seek  new  homes  beyond  the  Lehigh,  as  all  they  had, 
houses  and  barns,  are  burned  across  the  mountains. 

January  11. — The  soldiers  here  convoyed  two  wagons 

16  Capt.  Isaac  Wayne,  of  Franklin's  command,  and  father  of  Major 
Gen.  Anthony  Wayne.  "You  are  upon  your  return  from  Depui's"  [near 
the  Water  Gap],  writes  Gov.  Morris,  "to  halt  your  company  at  Nazareth 
and  there  remain  until  further  orders,  taking  care  all  the  while  to 
keep  your  men  in  good  order,  and  to  post  them  in  such  a  manner  as 
most  effectually  to  guard  and  secure  that  place  against  any  attack." 


352        On  the  Frontier  During  the  Indian  War. 

to  the  Blue  Mountains,  laden  with  supplies  for  the 
troops  above. 

January  15. — Capt.  Wayne  left  today  with  his  com- 
pany for  Gnadenhuetten,  where  they  are  to  assist  in 
building  a  fort. 

January  20. — This  forenoon,  the  corpse  of  our  neigh- 
bor John  Bauman,  was  buried  in  our  graveyard.  He 
was  shot  on  his  farm  (Jany.  2)  by,  the  Indians;  his 
corpse  found  on  18th.  in  the  woods  by  his  father.  This 
evening  Indian  spies  were  seen  near  the  Eose  Inn. 

January  26. — After  breakfast  most  of  the  men  went 
into  the  woods  to  fell  trees  for  a  stockade  around  our 
barn  yard. 

January  31. — Capt.  Trump17  came  with  a  detatchment 
from  the  Blue  Mountains,  to  take  up  a  lot  of  bread  we 
baked  for  the  soldiers  there. 

February  17. — Capt.  Craig  and  company  marched 
past  the  settlement,  and  towards  night  60  more  soldiers 
were  lodged  for  the  night.  A  number  of  the  refugees 
left  for  their  homes,  [two  weeks  later  some  of  them 
were  killed  by  the  Indians.]  Our  stone  and  log  houses 
were  stockaded;  the  stockade  236  by  170  feet  and  10 
feet  high. 

April  6. — A  family  of  refugees,  which  two  weeks  ago 
had  returned  to  their  home  over  the  mountain,  re- 
turned here  for  the  third  time.  They  were  afraid  to  go 
out  of  the  house,  and  on  one  occasion,  the  man  almost 
shot  a  soldier  instead  of  an  Indian. 

April  13. — The  Servas  family,  nine  in  number,  who 
had  been  here  since  December  11,  last,  set  out  for  their 
home  over  the  mountain. 

May  12. — Terrific  hail-storm  which  broke  all  the 
window  pains  in  house  on  the  north  side. 

17  Capt.  Levi  Trump. 

18  Philip  Servas  and  family,  last  from  Philadelphia,  were  settled  on 
a  tract  of  100  acres,  near  Hoeth's,  about  a  year  before  the  Indian  maraud. 


Report  of  Council  for  the  Year  1914.        353 


EXCERPTS  FROM  THE  REPORT  OF  THE  COUN- 
CIL OF  THE  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF  PENN- 
SYLVANIA FOR  THE  YEAR  1914. 

Treasurer's  Report. 

The  total  investments  amount  to  $260,918.14.  The 
real  estate  owned  by  the  Society  consists  of  the  Hall  at 
Thirteenth  and  Locust  streets,  carried  on  the  books  at 
the  original  cost  of  the  Patterson  property  ($154,- 
457.43),  and  the  house  and  lot  3408  Spring  Garden 
street,  belonging  to  the  Smedley  Fund  ($7129.20). 
During  the  year  1914  the  expenditures  of  the  Library 
Fund  have  exceeded  the  income  by  $1276.98.  The  ex- 
penditures of  the  Binding  Fund  show  an  excess  of 
$414.71  over  income.  All  the  other  Funds  have  kept 
within  their  incomes. 

The  total  vested  funds  of  the  Society  show  an  in- 
crease over  the  same  time  last  year  of  $2750.00. 

General  Fund 

Investments  $7,326.42 

Which  includes: 

Legacy  of  Paul  Beck $100.00 

Athenian  Institute  Donation 350.00 

Legacy  of  Peter  S.  Duponcean 200.00 

Legacy  of  Thomas  Sergeant 100.00 

Legacy  of  George  Chambers  100.00 

Legacy  of  Jesse  George 1,000.00 

Legacy  of  Mrs.  Eliza  Gilpin 5,100.00 

Keal  Estate  154,457.43 

Cash  617.46 


$162,401.31 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 23 


354        Report  of  Council  for  the  Year  1914. 

Endowment  Fund. 

Investments  $97,165.40 

Which  includes  : 

Donation,  John  William  Wallace $500.00 

Donation,  George  de  B.  Keim 500.00 

Donation,  Charles  Hare  Hutchinson 100.00 

Legacy  of  Mrs.  Susan  Barton 500.00 

Donation  of  John  F.  Smith 2,000.00 

Legacy  of  William  Bradford 200.00 

Legacy  of  Rebecca  Darby  Smith 1,201.49 

Legacy  of  William  Man   5,000.00 

Legacy  of  William  C.  Jeanes 10,000.00 

Legacy  of  Mary  Dickinson  Fox 1,000.00 

Legacy  of  George  Plumer  Smith 25,000.00 

Legacy  of  Ellen  Wain 2,041.00 

Legacy  of  Esther  F.  Wistar 5,000.00 

Legacy  of  Francis  R.  Bryan 5,513.26 

Legacy  of  Joseph  E.  Gillingham 1,000.00 

Donation,  William  Brooke  Rawle 1,400.00 

Donation,  Miss  Mary  W.  Paul 1,000.00 

Cash  601.69 


$97,767.09 
Publication  Fund. 

Investments $41,589.40 

Which  includes  Life  Subscriptions  and: 

Legacy  of  James  Hamilton $500.00 

Legacy  of  Miss  Annie  Willing  Jackson  . . .     100.00 

Cash  276.00 


$41,865.40 
Howard  Williams  Lloyd  Fund. 

Investments $4,823.41 

Cash  176.59 


$5,000.00 

Ferdinand  J.  Dreer  Collection  of  Manuscripts. 

Investments $17,008.25 

Cash 1,616.75 

$18,625.00 


Report  of  Council  for  the  Year  1914.        355 

Library  Fund. 
Investments $20,464.55 

Which  includes: 

Donation  of  George  W.  Smith $1,000.00 

Legacy  of  Jesse  George 4,000.00 

Donation  of  John  William  Wallace 1.000.00 

Donation  of  John  Jordan,  Jr 500.00 

Legacy  of  William  Man 8,000.00 

Legacy  of  Horatio  Gates  Jones 4,505.06 

Cash  40.45 


$20,505.00 
Binding  Fund. 
Investments  $7,127.11 

Which  includes : 

Donation  of  Dr.  Thomas  B.  Wilson $700.00 

Donation  of  John  Jordan,  Jr 1,000.00 

Donation  of  Penn.  Manuscript  Fund 1,000.00 

Legacy  of  William  Man   2,000.00 

Mrs.  John  F.  Combs  1,000.00 

Cash  .  102.57 


$7,229.68 
Samuel  L.  Smedley  Fund. 

Investment,  Eeal  Estate $7,129.20 

Cash  over  invested 979.58 

$6,149.62 
Charles  J.  Stitle  Fund. 

Investments  $10,027.50 

Cash  over  invested  .  27.50 


$10,000.00 

R.  J.  C.  Walker  Memorial  Endowment  Fund. 
Investments $50,000.00 

Charles  L.  Lamberton  Fund. 

Investments $2,193.05 

Cash 181.95 

$2,375.00 


356        Report  of  Council  for  the  Tear  1914. 

William  Lanier  Fund. 

Investments $2,193.05 

Cash  over  invested 256.05 

$1,937.00 
Thomas  Batch  Fund. 

Investments ...     $1,000.00 

Cash  . . '. 22.43 

$1,022.43 

William  H.  Jordan  Fund. 
Cash    $1,000.00 

Librarian's  Report. 

The  accessions  to  the  Library  and  Collections  by  gift 
and  purchase  have  been: — 

1277  Books, 
5190  Pamphlets, 
5086  Manuscripts, 
416  Maps  and  Charts, 
6492  Miscellaneous  articles. 

To  the  Dreer  Collection  have  been  added  552  manu- 
scripts. 

Through  the  Lanier  Bequest  for  the  purchase  of 
North  Carolina  publications  and  manuscripts  have 
been  added  4  books,  4  pamphlets  and  20  manuscripts. 

To  the  Gilpin  Library  have  been  added  11  books  and 
2  pamphlets. 

From  The  Genealogical  Society  of  Pennsylvania 
have  been  received  the  following  manuscript  records: 

Index  to  'Queries  and  Answers  printed  in  the  North 
American  from  June  6,  1907-February  7,  1909. 

Lee  Wills  on  Accounts  Prerogative  Court  of  Canter- 
buy,  1650-1698. 

Philadelphia  Directory,  1767-1768. 

Eoscoe  Genealogical  Notes. 

Glenn  Manuscripts. 


Report  of  Council  for  the  Year  1914.         357 

Records  of  the  First  Baptist  Church,  Philadelphia, 
Vol.  I,  Baptisms,  Marriages,  Burials. 

Eecords  of  the  First  Baptist  Church,  Philadelphia, 
Vol.  II,  Minutes,  1760-1850. 

Index  to  Philadelphia  Monthly  Meeting,  Births  and 
Burials,  1686-1829. 

Yellow  Fever  Deaths  in  Philadelphia,  1793,  '97,  '98. 

Dorchester  Parish,  Great  Choptank  Parish,  Dor- 
chester Co.,  Md.,  and  Coventry  Parish,  Somerset  Co., 
Md. 

Sussex  County  Delaware  Papers,  Volumes  I  and  II. 

In  the  Manuscript  Division  63  volumes  were  ar- 
ranged and  bound. 

17,110  manuscripts  were  repaired  and  mounted,  146 
books  were  repaired  and  bound  and  71  maps  and  177 
large  documents  were  mounted. 

For  the  Dreer  Collection  300  letters  and  documents 
were  repaired  and  535  manuscripts  were  mounted  in 
books. 

Deserving  of  special  mention  are  the  following  ac- 
cessions : — 

Manuscript  of  Thompson  Westcott's  History  of 
Philadelphia,  from  the  date  it  ceased  to  appear  in  the 
Sunday  Dispatch  down  to  the  Consolidation  of  the 
City,  presented  by  Mr.  Westcott's  daughter,  Mrs.  Gr.  B. 
Young. 

2  books,  1  pamphlet,  16  manuscripts,  14  original  pen 
and  ink  sketches  by  F.  0.  C.  Darley,  and  an  oil  portrait 
of  Lieut.  James  M.  Burns,  presented  by  Charles  M. 
Burns. 

29  manuscripts,  chiefly  correspondence  of  Dr. 
Samuel  Jackson,  1862-1863,  presented  by  Robert 
Cheesborough  Rathbone. 

4  books,  2  pamphlets  and  31  photographs,  presented 
by  Joseph  Jackson. 

19  books,  284  pamphlets  and  27  miscellaneous  ar- 
ticles, presented  by  E.  Russell  Jones. 


358        Report  of  Council  for  the  Year  1914. 

2  manuscripts,  Oath  of  Patrick  Gordon  as  Chancellor 
of  Pennsylvania,  February,  1726/7,  and  a  letter  de- 
scribing the  Yellow  Fever  in  Philadelphia,  presented 
by  Eichard  Wain  Meirs. 

A  collection  of  Lincoln  Eelics,  comprising  22  books, 
1  pamphlet,  43  manuscripts  and  39  miscellaneous  ar- 
ticles, presented  by  the  residuary  legatees  of  the  estate 
of  the  late  Louis  Vanuxem  and  William  Potter. 

12  autograph  letters  of  John  Sergeant,  presented  by 
Professor  D.  J.  Miller. 

16  manuscripts,  1689-1750,  presented  by  C.  P.  Fox. 

4  manuscripts,  reports  of  the  Banks  of  Philadelphia 
which  advanced  money  to  the  Commonwealth  for  the 
payment  of  the  Militia  during  the  Eebel  invasion  of 
Pennsylvania,  1863,  presented  by  Mrs.  Harry  Eogers. 

2  books,  171  manuscripts,  2  charts,  correspondence 
and  genealogical  data  of  Commodore  Conner,  collected 
by  P.  S.  P.  Conner,  presented  by  Mrs.  P.  S.  P.  Conner. 

34  volumes,  the  original  copy  of  the  Statutes-at- 
Large  of  Pennsylvania,  from  the  Commissioners  ap- 
pointed to  prepare  same. 

Oil  painting  of  Kelly's  Dam,  Germantown,  painted 
by  Christian  Schusselle  and  Paul  Weber,  presented  by 
E.  H.  Butler. 

22  manuscripts,  comprising  2  letters  of  Benjamin 
Franklin  to  Hugh  Eoberts,  6  letters  of  Hugh  Eoberts 
to  Benjamin  Franklin,  2  deeds  signed  by  William  Penn 
and  other  documents ;  also  2  silver  tankards  belonging 
to  Edward  Eoberts  (1680-1741),  presented  by  Mrs. 
Charles  Morton  Smith. 

Cox-Parrish-Wharton  Papers,  comprising  73  books, 
38  pamphlets,  8  volumes  of  scrap  books  relating  to  the 
Quakers,  miscellaneous  subjects  and  engravings,  29 
volumes  of  account  books,  diaries,  etc.,  2214  manu- 
scripts, including  an  original  letter  of  William  Penn, 
528  engravings,  photographs,  broadsides,  etc.,  and  23 
maps,  presented  by  Mrs.  Eodman  Wharton. 


Report  of  Council  for  the  Year  1914.         359 

Silver  pitcher,  presented  to  Dr.  Joseph  Parrish  by 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  March,  1833,  for  his  services 
during  the  Cholera  Epidemic  and  show-case  to  exhibit 
it,  presented  by  Samuel  L.  Parrish. 

Church  Record  and  Account  Books  of  the  Beaver 
Meadow  Presbyterian  Church,  presented  by  Mrs.  Mary 
S.  McNair. 

Diary  of  Thomas  F.  Pleasants,  1814-1817,  4  volumes, 
manuscript,  presented  by  Mr.  Henry  Pleasants. 

From  the  estate  of  Miss  Elizabeth  S.  Shippen,  oil 
portrait  of  Jenny  Galloway  Shippen,  painted  by  Ben- 
jamin West,  and  oil  portrait  of  Colonel  Joseph 
Shippen,  from  the  original,  by  Miss  Mary  Peale. 

10  manuscripts  and  an  oil  portrait  of  Daniel  Sutter, 
a  prominent  merchant  of  this  city  about  a  century  ago, 
presented  by  William  Henry  Sutter. 

23  books,  20  pamphlets,  31  maps,  presented  by  John 
J.  L.  Houston. 

A  Mirror,  a  wedding  present  to  Hannah  Preston  and 
Samuel  Carpenter  from  Samuel  Preston,  the  father  of 
Hannah,  brought  from  England  in  1711,  bequest  of 
Susan  M.  Carpenter. 

Muster  Eoll  of  the  96th  Regiment,  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers,  1861-1864,  presented  by  Charles  F.  Wil- 
liams. 

A  silver  fire  Horn,  presented  to  the  Marion  Hose 
Company,  of  Philadelphia,  and  by  them  presented  to 
Charles  F.  Iseminger,  bequest  of  Charles  F.  Iseminger. 

011  portrait  of  Dr.  James  J.  Levick,  artist  L.  Sturm, 
and  42  manuscripts,  covering  dates  from  1668  to  1888, 
presented  by  Lewis  J.  Levick. 

4  books,  97  pamphlets,  166  miscellaneous,  presented 
by  Hon.  John  B.  McPherson. 

A  collection  of  Penn  material,  consisting  of  William 
Penn's  Journals  in  Ireland  and  in  Germany  and  Hol- 
land, miniatures  of  Sir  William  Penn  and  his  wife  and 
33  letters  and  documents,  letters  of  William  Penn, 


360        Report  of  Council  for  the  Year  1914. 

Hannah  Penn,  Sir  William  Penn,  and  others,  and 
documents  relating  to  affairs  in  Pennsylvania,  pur- 
chased by  the  Library  Fund. 

Diary  of  Edward  Garrigues  and  notes  by  Edward 
and  Thomas  Garrigues,  presented  by  Sarah  C.  Penny- 
packer  and  Matilda  Garrigues. 

Oil  portrait  of  Major  Peter  Fritz,  of  the  National 
Greys,  presented  by  Miss  F.  C.  Fritz. 

French  Masonic  Clock,  made  in  Paris  in  1771,  pre- 
sented by  Mrs.  Emma  P.  J.  Braybon. 

Schmaltz  Family  Bible,  presented  by  the  heirs  of 
John  Henry  Schmaltz. 

5  books,  43  maps,  1  broadside  and  15  engravings,  an 
addition  to  the  Humphreys  Collection  of  Manuscripts, 
presented  by  Miss  Letitia  A.  Humphreys. 

55  books,  76  pamphlets,  from  the  Library  of  the  late 
Thomas  H.  Montgomery,  presented  by  Mrs.  Thomas  H. 
Montgomery. 

Oil  portrait  of  General  Zachary  Taylor,  painted  by 
J.  Attwood,  in  Monterey,  in  1847,  presented  by  Hon. 
James  Clarency. 

Thompson  Westcott's  History  of  Philadelphia,  extra 
illustrated  and  enlarged  to  32  volumes  by  David 
McNeely  Stauffer,  presented  by  the  late  David  Mc- 
Neely  Stauffer. 

Play  Bill  of  a  Benefit  for  the  Colleges  of  Philadel- 
phia and  New  York,  to  be  given  in  the  Eoyal  Theatre, 
Drury  Lane,  London,  April  27  (1763),  presented  by 
Captain  Arthur  Grant. 

18  manuscripts,  presented  by  Ewing  Jordan,  M.D. 

18  deeds  and  other  manuscripts,  presented  by 
Samuel  E.  Stokes. 

15  volumes  of  English  Parish  Eegisters  and  3  manu- 
scripts, presented  by  William  Brooke  Eawle. 

Photograph  Album,  containing  61  photographs  of 
officers  and  soldiers  of  the  Civil  War  and  others,  pre- 
sented by  Mrs.  P.  H.  Ashb ridge. 


Report  of  Council  for  the  Year  1914.        361 

Scrap  Book,  containing  a  sketch  and  correspondence 
of  Dr.  William  Gamble,  presented  by  Dr.  William  J. 
Middleton. 

9  books,  1  pamphlet,  presented  by  Thomas  Willing 
Balch. 

21  manuscripts,  Muster  Eolls  of  Company  C,  118th 
Eegiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  presented  by  Levi 
Teal. 

Balance  Wheel  of  Fitch's  Steamboat,  the  first  on  the 
Delaware,  presented  Theodore  Thomas. 

Hat,  cape,  spanner  and  belt  of  the  Diligent  Engine 
Company,  belonging  to  John  B.  Camac,  presented  by 
William  Masters  Camac. 

2  volumes  containing  81  water  color  views  of  Bucks 
County,  Penna.,  by  A.  Kollner,  purchased  by  the  Li- 
brary Fund. 

Other  important  purchases  by  the  Library  Fund  are 
the  following: — 

306  surveys  of  wards  and  districts  of  Philadelphia; 
4132  newspapers,  a  collection  made  by  Richard  Eush 
while  Secretary  of  State,  endorsed  and  the  reasons  for 
their  preservation  on  many  of  them,  in  the  handwrit- 
ing of  Eichard  Eush;  373  letters  of  Alexander  H. 
Stephens  to  his  Secretary,  William  H.  Hidell ;  a  book 
of  manuscripts  containing  a  letter  of  Benjamin  Furly 
to  William  Penn,  1684;  letter  to  the  Governor,  signed 
by  Edward  Shippen,  Samuel  Carpenter,  David  Lloyd 
and  twelve  others;  Petition  to  Assembly,  1706,  24  sig- 
natures, among  them  David  Lloyd,  William  Hudson, 
Samuel  Eichardson,  Francis  Eawle,  &c. ;  Wedding  cer- 
tificate signed  by  William  Smith ;  Letter  of  Washington 
to  Captain  Van  Heer,  4  pp.,  1781 ;  letters  of  Lafayette, 
John  Hancock,  Henry  Clay,  Bushrod  Washington, 
Albert  Gallatin,  Aaron  Burr,  George  Peabody,  Sir 
Colin  Campbell,  Chief  Justice  John  Marshall,  James 
Buchanan,  and  others. 


362        Report  of  Council  for  the  Year  1914. 

Valuable  donations  to  the  Library  and  Collections 
have  also  been  made  by  the  following  members  and 
friends  of  the  Society: — 

Louis  Ashbrook,  Charles  S.  Bradford,  Miss  Emily 
Bell,  William  Vincent  Byars,  Mrs.  John  G.  Bullock, 
Col.  John  S.  Bishop,  Hon  Norris  S.  Barratt,  Misses 
(Jresson,  Miss  Josephine  Carr,  Charles  Collins,  Hon. 
Hampton  L.  Carson,  Mrs.  Hampton  L.  Carson,  Charles 
J.  Cohen,  Charles  G.  Darrach,  Albert  J.  Edmunds, 
Miss  Elliott,  Howard  B.  French,  Walter  C.  Gold,  A.  G. 
Heaton,  Mrs.  Thomas  E.  Harper,  Samuel  F.  Houston, 
Theodore  M.  Hart,  William  MacPherson  Hornor,  Dr. 
John  W.  Jordan,  Dr.  Gregory  B.  Keen,  William  W. 
Longstreth,  Dr.  Henry  Leffman,  Lewis  Historical  Pub- 
lishing Company,  James  B.  Laux,  George  deB.  Myers, 
Hon.  James  T.  Mitchell,  Dr.  Charles  K.  Mills,  E. 
Spencer  Miller,  Miss  E.  E.  Massey,  Col.  John  P. 
Nicholson,  Hon.  Samuel  W.  Pennypacker,  George  Cad- 
walader  Eodgers,  Walter  George  Smith,  Miss  M.  E. 
Sinnott,  Henry  W.  Shoemaker,  Mrs.  M.  C.  Scatter- 
good,  Frank  H.  Taylor,  Mrs.  M.  S.  Taylor,  Dr.  C.  H. 
Vinton,  John  E.  Witcraft,  Mrs.  Ashbel  Welch,  Miss 
Juliana  Wood,  Mrs.  William  H.  Westervelt. 

Meetings. 

January  12,  1914.  Address  delivered  by  Eobert 
McNutt  McElroy,  Ph.D.,  Edwards  Professor  of  Ameri- 
can History  at  Princeton  University,  on  "Andrew 
Jackson  and  the  Annexation  of  Texas." 

March  9,  1914.  Address  delivered  by  Edward  P. 
Cheyney,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  European  History  in  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  on  "The  English  People 
in  the  Sixteenth  Century. " 

May  11,  1914.  Address  delivered  by  Sydney  George 
Fisher,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  on  "The  Stone *Age  Men  of  the 
Delaware  Valley." 


Report  of  Council  for  the  Tear  1914.         363 

November  9,  1914.  Address  delivered  by  Mrs.  Lind- 
say Patterson,  on  "The  Old  Patterson  Mansion,  the 
Master  and  his  Guests.7'  Mrs.  Florence  S.  Stauffer 
read  a  biographical  sketch  of  her  husband,  the  late 
David  McNeely  Stauifer,  and  then  presented  to  the 
Society,  Westcott's  History  of  Philadelphia,  which  he 
had  extra  illustrated  in  thirty- two  volumes. 

Four  receptions  were  held  during  the  year. 


364    Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licences,  1742-1748. 


PENNSYLVANIA  MAEEIAGE  LICENCES, 
1742-1748. 

(Continued  from  page  185.) 
1746. 
June. 

Zachariah  Barr — Jane  Griffin 

John  Thaw — Mary  Eees 

John  Hall — Jane  Patterson 

James  Boggs — Catherine  Knobles 

William  Wallace — Jane  Thomas 

John  Comoby — Susanna  Bound 

Walter  Brown — Hannah  Bailey 

James  Steele  Thomson — Martha  Lamplugh 

John  Houton — Esther  Vandegrift 

James  Smith — Mary  Beaser 

Sopher  Perry — Elinor  Joyner 

Arthur  Hyger — Barbara  Guyger 

Benjamin  Street — Elizabeth  Collins 

James  Collum — Ann  Wells 

James  Wilson — Mary  McCall 

James  Cowper — Rebecca  Edwards 

Jacob  Supplee — Margaret  Yocum 

July. 

Thomas  Dodd — Sarah  Belless 
Eobert  Williams — Euth  Simmons 
Alexander  Chambers — Ann  Fox 
George  Custis — Sarah  Makins 
Nicholas  Quinn — Esther  Garwood 
Hugh  Cain — Sarah  Klainhoof 
James  Devereux — Esther  James 
James  Channell — Eebecca  Key 


Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licences,  1742-1748.    365 

John  Philpot — Ann  Cunningham 
William  Forest — Sarah  Hall 
Thomas  Lake — Harriet  Prescot 
Jonathan  Beber — Mary  Artis 
Abram  Nutt — Eliz.  Anderson 

August. 

Edward  Magenness — Rose  Fullerton 
Daniel  Taylor — Laetitia  Fream 
Charles  Witts — Margaret  Newmonim 
John  Henry — Elizabeth  Smith 
John  Hutchins — Ann  Hawkins 
Samuel  Wallace — Eliz.  Baird 
John  Celtres — Frances  Dukemanear 
Walter  Porter — Sarah  Hesselius 
John  Turner — Mary  Dagger 
John  Knobs — Ann  Eoe 

September. 

Abram  Worthington — Sydia  Driver 
Robert  Finny — Diana  Spencer 
Peter  Hyneman — Hester  Meirs 
Elias  Hughes — Rebecca  Wright 
Elias  Shryoer — Margaret  Ingle 
Robert  Hughes — Eve  Price 
Wm.  Killpatrick — Eliz.  Frederick 
Dan.  Dupuy — Eleanor  Dylander 
Jacob  Simon — Catharine  Smith 
Nathan  Cook — Mary  Rogers 
Joseph  Johnson — Rachel  Trego 
Richard  Mosely — Ann  Kilirease 
John  Rowan — Margaret  Hill 

October. 

Jonathan  Arnold — Eliz.  McCollock 
James  Beard — Eliz.  Newby 
George  Smith — Mary  Parry 


366    Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licences,  1742-1748. 

Nathan  Dyke — Sarah  Johnson 
Frederick  Walder — Eliz.  Brenneman 
John  Crook — Beata  Hoffman 
George  Foster — Mary  Philips 
James  Hasleton — Mary  Wilkinson 
Joseph  House — Elizabeth  Fitz water 
William  Clark — Buleah  Coats 
John  Jacob  Weiss — Rebecca  Coxe 
Gregory  McCartey — Sarah  Stoaks 
James  Scott — Mary  Evans 

November  and  December. 

John  Annis — Mary  Hollin 
John  Gibbons — Barbara  Beegle 
Andrew  McNare — Mary  Jennings 
Michael  Sish— Elizabeth  Moffit 
John  Yoder,  Jr. — Sarah  Shankles 
Hugh  Liney — Eliz.  Bessat 
Peter  Wells — Susanna  Brock 
Jno.  Armstrong — Eebecca  Armstrong 
Stephen  Lewis — Hannah  Jones 
George  Eighter — Eliz.  Cumres 
Abel  Marple — Mary  Hart 
John  Chares — Jane  Coffin 
Thomas  Norris — Catherine  Steward 
Patrick  Wellie — Jane  Watson 
Stephen  Carpenter — Eebecca  Collins 
Arthur  Nitcullues — Mary  Sanderman 
Anthony  Nue — Mary  Packer 
Henry  Krier — Margaret  Cody 
John  Eoberts — Catherine  Monny 
John  Harper — Margaret  Eichy 
William  Eumsey — Catherine  Dennison 
John  Jones — Eliz.  Wilkinson 
John  Spencer — Eliz.  Wilson 
George  Ernest — Elice  Mary  Sneeder 
Anthony  Woodcosh — Jane  Wells 


Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licences,  1742-1748.    367 

Thomas  Tarrant — Mary  Radley 

George  Heap — Mary  Jacobs 

Michael  Farrel — Mary  Moran 

John  de  Nyce — Jane  North 

James  Steward — Hannah  Godfrey 

Joseph  Thomson — Ann  Gilliard 

Isaac  Lincon — Mary  Shute 

Nicholas  Craypeel — Margaret  Feyhelyn 

Stephen  Durham — Jane  Wilson 

1747. 
January. 

Thomas  Parkinson — Margaret  Hall 
Sam.  Channel — Catherine  Ottinger 
Francis  Garrigues — Mary  Knowles 
John  Sutton — Mary  Nixon 
Conrad  Bower — Philipina  Keylwein 
Andrew  Dalbo— Catherine  Van  Culm 
William  Shead — Martha  Coats 
Valos  Handln — Sarah  Eussel 
David  Haycott — Mary  Ottinger 

February. 

Alexander  Graydon — Eachel  Marks 
Doughty  Jones — Hannah  Gardner 
Robert  Roberts — Margaret  Lucans 
John  Vaughan — Eliz.  Hunt 
George  Londer — Jane  Cowe 
Swan  Warner — Sarah  Hastings 
Joseph  Street — Rachel  Jenkins 
Joseph  Bryan — Jehosheba  Wells 
Lewis  Kadd — Catherine  Oyler 
William  Kelly — Susannah  Leonard 
Thomas  Oliver — Eliz.  Donovon 
The  Swedish  Minister — Rambo 


368    Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licences,  1742-1748. 

March. 

Philip  Woods — Agnes  Kea 
Thomas  Hoodt — Sarah  Robins 
Jon.  Hugh — Eleanor  McClellan 
Jacob  Beesens — Catherine  Alberson 
Richard  Dennis — Hannah  Coates 
Jno.  Atkins — Phoebe  Philpott 
Andrew  Middleton — Anabel  White 
Francis  Kelly — Eliz.  Hoy 
William  Davis — Martha  Jemmison 
David  Smith — Mary  Martin 
Richard  Brookbank — Mary  Rosmiddle 
Richard  Barret — Mary  Evanson 
Alexander  Crookshank — Cicelly  Brumbre 
Henry  Copp — Susannah  Lamplugh 
Joseph  Brown — Ann  Bessy 
Abel  Lodge — Hannah  Wood 

April. 

Griffy  Evans — Eleanor  Edwards 
Theophilus  William — Catherine  Griffy 
Robert  Heaton — Ann  Cowans 
John  Cowans — Rachel  Nailor 
Edward  Williams — Catherine  Brooks 
John  Hinton — Sarah  Sheerwood 
Garret  Van  Zandt — Lea  Nixon 
George  Sharswood— Ann  Top 
Matthew  Jackson — Agnes  Finley 

May. 

Alexander  McBride — Ann  Dixon 
Thomas  Rooke — Mary  Davis 
James  Stevens — Mary  Swain 
Patrick  Carthy — Ann  Meredith 
Charles  Ewall — Catherine  Pesoman 


Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licences,  1742-1748.     369 

Andrew  Torben — Susannah  Cox 
Jno.  Smallwood — Mary  Ewres 
Jno.  Crosly — Alice  Mahlon 
William  Kenton — Mary  Groover 
Peter  White— Eliz.  Coole 
Henry  Harp — Eliz.  Higgenbottom 
John  Holton — Bretty  Helm 
Joshua  Wolleston — Priscilla  Jones 
Jno.  Miller — Eliz.  Messenger 
Eobert  Haines — Joice  Steward 
William  Mcllvaine — Ann  Emerson 
James  Delap — Mary  Moore 

June. 

Samuel  Mennan — Mary  Baldwin 
John  Eowland — Ann  Smith 
Jacob  Good — Elizabeth  Freame 
Valentine  Kygher — Sarah  [?] 
Isaac  January — Ann  Shubart 
Jacob  Duche — Esther  Bradley 
William  Prigg — Margaret  Harper 
William  Bull — Martha  Thompson 
James  Benezet — Ann  Ha  sell 
James  White — Ann  Wilcox 
Allen  McClean — Jane  Irwin 
Peter  Stedham — Isabel  Jaquett 
James  Lindsay — Mary  Boardman 
Abram  Heulins — Susannah  Pol  green 
Francis  Manny — Margaret  Cox 
Levy  Potter— Sarah  Griffitf 
Thomas  Betty — Hannah  Forbes 
George  Vincent  Daws — Ann  Fling 
David  Boyers — Eliz.  Byers 
George  Howell — Sarah  Garrigues 
John  Merchant — Ann  Moses 
Lewellin  David — Eliz.  Prichard 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 24 


370    Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licences,  1742-1748. 

July. 

James  Murray — Th.  Bawlin 

Edward  Smout — Elizabeth.  Price 

James  Collins — Eliz.  B-redin 

Jacob  Lincoln — Ann  Bambo 

Frederick  Becker — Christ.  Lozareen 

Joseph  Brown — Mary  Wain 

John  Hunt — Mary  Ann  Butler 

Thomas  James — Mary  Syng 

John  McCalla — Jane  Harrison 

William  Newbold — Margaret  Coultas 

Stephen  Anthony — Sus.  Boerman 

John  Fotheringham — Margaret  Shoemaker 

August. 

Edward  Shippen — Mary  Newland 
James  Milner — Eliz.  Davies 
Samuel  Walker — Agnes  Lloyd 
Edmund  Brodrick — Mary  Cahoon 
Patrick  Corbit — Ann  Donavan 
Eobert  Stone — Ann  Ogden 
John  Anderson — Jane  White 
George  Boardman — Mary  Weyser 
John  Jenkins — Sidney  Thomas 
John  Price — Sarah  Jenkins 
James  Waldrich — Mary  Ford 
John  Hall — Sarah  Parry 

September. 

Andrew  Geary — Susannah  Bateman 
Abraham  Matthews — Ann  Lloyd 
William  Jones — Elizabeth  Eobinson 
William  Many — Eliz.  Middle  ton 

-  Ingram — Sarah  Johnson 
Griffith  Prichard — Mary  Jones 
John  Smallwood — Mary  Hart 
Adam  Lyn — Eleanor  Jones 


Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licences,  1742-1748.    371 

October. 

Joseph  Friend — Eebecca  Eyre 
Patrick  Carrighan — Margaret  Douglass 
Theophilus  Grew — Rebecca  Richards 
John  Riley — Mary  Hillhouse 
Jonathan  Brooks — Rebecca  Hager 
Joseph  Wood — Mary  Scull 
Charles  Shea — Elis.  Cummins 
Alexander  Guthrie — Mary  Albright 
William  Edwards — Isabel  Chalmler 
William  Henderson — Mary  Worrall 
William  Davis — Sarah  Stinson 
Isaac  Billew — Rachel  Britton 
Thomas  Primmen — Eliz.  Edwards 
James  Pitcairn — Mary  Rowoth 
Joseph  North — Lydia  Price 

November. 

*Nathaniel  Graham — Susannah  Dinsdale 
*Peter  Jacquet — Elizabeth  Jacquet 
*Peter  Has  ton — Margaret  Hedges 
*David  Lewis — Margaret  Morris 
*Thomas  Ellet— Bridget  Peters 
*  John  Bord — Ann  Bryant 

John  Morris — Jane  Goterd 

Thomas  Hill— Eliz.  McClellan 

Samuel  Minshall — Jane  Stanton 

Henry  Woodward — Sarah  Weeks 

Joshua  Mitch  els — Rebecca  Davis 

Renier  Lukins — Jane  Perry 

Nathaniel  West — Eliz.  Evans 

James  Kappock — Mary  Emmerson , 

John  Jones — Mary  Philips 

Samuel  Byers — Eliz.  Calwell 

*  These  licences  were  returned  by  Pastor  Peter  Tranberg. 


372    Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licences,  1742-1748. 

John  Mackintosh — Margaret  Sullivan 
Samuel  Jones — Hannah  Bees 
Lot  Evans — J.  Patterson 
Adam  Burk — Margaret  Allen 
Thomas  Eggar— Eliz.  Ellis 
William  Gray — Eliz.  Jones 

December. 

Thomas  Sturgis — Catherine  Roberts 
Thomas  Baldridge — Arm  Bell 
James  Curry — Agnes  Cunningham 
Isaac  Hughes — Eebecca  [?] 
Anthony  McCue — Lydia  Lloyd 
James  Conrad — Jane  Hatfield 
Witlock  Paulin — Mary  Smith 
John  McFarland — Rachel  Coburn 
Samuel  Coster — Ann  Thomas 
James  McCollough — Rachel  Spence 
Joseph  Warner — Ann  Greesbury 
Samuel  Chapman — Martha  Moore 
John  Benton — Eliz.  Chevalier 
Dennis  Sullivan — Margaret  Lodge 
Morris  Gwin — Ann  Roberts 
Moses  Kenton — Mary  Leed 
William  Ghiselm — Rebecca  Buchston 
Christopher  Finny — Martha  Dibbins 
Jno.  Simpson — Mary  Wilson 
John  Moore — Jennet  Hering 
Henry  Dunn — Hannah  Totten 
Charles  Stedman — Ann  Grame  [Graeme] 

(To  be  continued.) 


Letter  of  John  Morton  to  Anthony  Wayne,  1776.      373 


LETTER  OF  JOHN  MORTON  TO  ANTHONY 
WAYNE,  1776. 

[This  remarkably  interesting  and  valuable  letter  is  preserved  in  the 
Manuscript  Division  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.] 

Philada  Aug  16th  1776 
Dear  sir — 

I  reced  your  favor  of  third  of  July  but  want  of  Op- 
portunity to  write  and  my  Engagements  to  make  out 
the  Commissions  for  our  Militia  who  are  all  on  their 
march  to  new  Jersey  to  Oppose  Lord  How  who  is  En- 
campt  on  Staten  Island  with  about  27000  men  Includ- 
ing devil  Dunmore  Clinton  and  the  Hessians,  and  my 
attendance  in  congress  has  taken  almost  all  my  time 
I  hope  I  shall  stand  Excused,  Our  Politicks  here  have 
taken  a  turn  that  have  Expected  some  time  the  people 
whom  you  know  have  all  along  held  back  Joyned  to 
some  Others  who  were  the  Proprieatory  friends 
Chosen  by  virtue  of  a  late  Law  for  Enlargg  the  rep- 
resentation in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  and  the  back 
Counties  became  at  last  too  heavy  to  drag  along  and 
a  Convention  have  taken  place  Consisting  of  8  mem- 
bers out  of  each  County  and  8  in  the  City  who  are  to 
form  a  New  Government  they  have  made  but  little 
progress  yet  having  only  formed  a  Bill  of  rights  and 
'tis  said  they  are  to  have  but  one  branch  to  Legislate 
to  wit  an  Assembly  only  which  I  am  afraid  will  not 
do  if  the  Assembly  went  too  slow  as  I  Believe  they 
did  These  Gentlemen  will  I  doubt  not  make  up  the  Lee 
way  as  they  make  ordinances  and  do  some  things  which 
people  did  not  Expect  as  it  was  give  out  at  the  time 
of  Choice  they  were  only  to  form  a  new  Government 
Our  army  of  Militia  in  new  Jersey  is  now  Aforming 


374     Letter  of  John  Morton  to  Anthony  Wayne,  1776. 

under  the  Command  of  Generals  Mercer  Koberdeau 
&  Ewing  to  face  the  Enemy  on  the  Jersey  side  Our 
army  at  new  York  are  rather  weak  but  Increasing 
and  are  very  well  provided  to  receive  y6  Enemy  may 
god  grant  them  the  Success  to  End  this  Cruel  & 
Unatural  war  by  Totally  defeating  our  Enemies  your 
Family  and  friends  were  well  a  few  days  ago  I  Saw 
Captain  Vanlear  on  his  march  to  Jersey  our  Priva- 
teers take  many  Prizes  Chiefly  sugar  ships  Some 
french  Merchant  Ships  arrive  to  trade  with  us  two 
are  here  now ;  we  look  on  this  time  as  the  most  Critical 
perhaps  that  may  happen  during  this  war  if  we  defeat 
them  I  think  the  rest  of  our  work  will  be  Easie  if  the 
advantage  should  be  on  their  side  god  only  Knows  the 
Effect  that  it  may  have  on  our  affairs  I  Conclude  my 
self  sir  and  believe  me  to  be 

Yr  most 

Obed*  humble 
Servent 

John  Morton 
To  Anthony  Wayne  Esq 


Notes  and  Queries.  375 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

TOotes. 

MEMORIAL  OF  BRIG.-GEN.  DU  PORTAIL  TO  GENERAL  WASHINGTON,  dated 
Valley  Forge,  January  18,  1778,  relates  to  fortifications,  the  formation 
of  companies  of  Sappers,  their  duties,  and  the  selection  and  training 
of  their  officers;  the  need  of  more  than  four  engineer  officers,  and  the 
appointment  of  the  Chevr  de  Villefranche.  The  following  English  trans- 
lation was  made  by  Col.  John  Laurens  of  Washington's  staff: 

If  Fortification  is  necessary  in  any  Armies,  it  is  peculiarly  so  in 
those,  which  like  ours,  from  a  deficiency  in  the  practice  of  Manoeuvres 
cannot  oppose  any  to  those  of  the  Enemy — being  necessitated  therefore 
to  receive  him  on  their  own  ground,  they  ought  always  to  be  protected 
by  a  natural  or  artificial  Fortification,  if  it  were  only  to  have  (under 
favor  of  the  resistance  of  this  fortification)  sufficient  time  to  ascertain 
the  Result  of  the  Enemys  movements — where  his  principal  force  is 
directed — and  where  his  greatest  effort  is  to  be  made — with  respect  to 
natural  fortifications  all  Situations  do  not  afford  it — and  to  rely 
intirely  upon  it,  would  involve  prodigious  constraint  in  the  choice  of 
Positions,  and  exclude  many  excellent  ones  consider'd  relatively  to  the 
operations  of  War — it  is  therefore  much  more  advantageous  to  have 
recourse  to  artificial  Fortification  which  is  applicable  in  all  Situations — 
The  very  great  difficulties  which  I  experienced  in  the  last  Campaign, 
both  in  setting  on  foot  the  most  simple  work  and  having  it  executed 
with  the  necessary  Conditions,  induce  me  to  propose  to  His  Excellency 
an  establishment  which  is  absolutely  indispensable,  if  he  chooses  to 
derive  hereafter  those  succours  from  Fortification  which  it  holds  out 
to  him — 

I  would  desire  to  have  three  Companies  of  Sappers  formed — they 
should  be  instructed  in  every  thing  that  relates  to  the  Construction  of 
Field  works — how  to  dispose  of  the  Earth — to  cut  the  Slopes — face  with 
Turf  or  Sods — make  fascines — arrange  them  properly — cut  and  fix 
Palisades  &ca  The  Sappers  should  be  distributed  in  the  different  works, 
and  a  sufficient  number  of  fatiguemen  drawn  from  the  Line  should  be 
joined  to  them  to  work  under  their  direction,  by  which  means,  the 
works  would  be  executed  with  a  perfection  and  celerity  which  otherwise 
will  ever  be  unknown  in  this  army — it  is  I  believe  altogether  useless  to 
enlarge  upon  a  matter  so  obvious — I  proceed  therefore  immediately  to 
the  principal  Conditions  on  which  this  Corps  should  be  formed — 

1st  The  pay  ought  to  be  greater  than  that  of  the  ordinary  foot 
Soldier,  because  the  Service  is  exceedingly  hard — this  is  the  practice  in 
Europe,  and  they  receive  besides  extraordinary  pay,  when  they  work — 
Choice  ought  to  be  made  of  vigorous  Soldiers  and  the  preference  should 
be  given  to  Carpenters  and  Masons — 

2.  The  Non  commissioned  Officers  ought  all  to  read  and  write,  and  be 
intelligent  persons  of  good  Characters. 

3.  The  Companies  of  Sappers  ought  to  be  altogether  under  the  Com- 
mand of  the  Head  Engineer — for  if  the  Major  Generals  had  a  right  to 
employ  them  as  the[y]    pleased,  each  from  a  desire  of  fortifying  his 
Camp  in  his  own  way,  would  ask  for  Sappers  and  they  would  all  be 
taken  from  the  Engineers — Besides  as  such  partial  works  do  not  enter 


376  Notes  and  Queries. 

into  the  general  plan  of  the  Position,  they  are  for  the  most  part  useless, 
ill  concerted,  and  sometimes  even  dangerous — 

4.  The  Captains  of  Sappers  will  be  charged  with  the  detail  of  their 
Companies,  and  each  of  them  will  be  accountable  to  the  Commanding 
Officer  of  the  Engineers,  in  order  that  he  may  always  know  the  State 
of  the  Companies,  their  Strength  &ca — 

5.  Each  Company  should  always  have  its  Tools  with  it,  carried  in 
a  Waggon  provided  for  the  purpose — The  Company  should  be  answerable 
for  all  Tools  lost — and  in  case  any  should  be  broke,  the  pieces  are  to 
be   produced  to  the   Officer   to   whom  the   Detail    of   the   Company   is 
committed — 

The  Camp  of  the  Sappers  to  be  assigned  by  the  Commanding  Officer 
of  Engineers  adjacent  to  the  place  where  they  are  to  be  employ 'd. 

Of  the  Officers. 

If  it  be  important  to  choose  the  Privates  in  these  Companies — it  is 
much  more  so  to  choose  the  Officers — The  Congress  ought  in  my  opinion, 
to  think  of  forming  Engineers  in  this  Country  to  replace  us  when  we 
shall  be  call'd  home — The  Companies  of  Sappers  now  proposed  might 
serve  as  a  School  to  them — they  might  there  acquire  at  once  the  practical 
part  of  the  Construction  of  Works  and  if  choice  be  made  of  young  men 
well  bred,  intelligent  and  fond  of  Instruction,  we  shall  take  pleasure  in 
giving  them  principles  upon  the  choice  of  Situations,  and  the  method 
of  adapting  works  to  the  ground — If  His  Excellency  approves  my  Plan 
— I  would  advise  the  speedy  execution  of  it — in  order  that  the  Com- 
panies may  have  served  their  Apprenticeship  before  the  opening  of  the 
Campaign — 

These  Companies  ought  not  to  be  composed  of  Recruits — but  Soldiers 
answering  the  description  above  should  be  taken  from  the  Line  for  the 
purpose — 

While  I  am  employed  in  representing  the  defects  of  my  branch  of 
the  Army — I  entreat  His  Excellency  to  observe  that  four  Engineers 
are  not  sufficient — of  the  four,  one  is  always  detached  and  sometimes 
two,  which  is  the  case  at  present — and  I  am  left  with  only  one  Officer 
— it  is  impossible  for  us  to  do  the  Service  of  the  Army — There  is  at 
York  Town  a  French  officer  who  was  brought  by  Mr  DuCoudray  and 
introduced  by  him  as  an  Engineer — for  my  part  I  do  not  give  him  out 
as  such,  because  he  was  not  in  that  character  in  France  and  has  no 
such  pretensions  himself — but  he  studied  with  a  view  to  become  a 
Member  of  the  Corps — he  has  studied  Geometry,  understands  surveying 
and  Drawing,  and  therefore  might  be  very  useful  to  us — 

I  entreat  His  Excellency  to  ask  the  Congress  for  this  Gentleman — 
he  has  on  his  part  made  applications  which  have  hitherto  proved  fruit- 
less— His  name  is  Villefranche  and  he  brought  a  particular  recommen- 
dation from  General  R.  How  to  the  President  of  Congress. 

(Sign'd — )  Chevr  du  Portail. 

LETTEB  OF  COL.  ISRAEL  SHBEVE,  NEW  JEESEY  CONTINENTAL  LINE, 
TO  His  WIFE,  1778.— 

Camp  Valey  forge  March  3rd  1778. 
Dear  Policy — 

A  Week  ago  this  Day  I  Returned  to  Camp  from  Jersey,  and  Received 
a  Letter  Dated  Six  weeks  ago,  and  sent  by  Colo:  Becker,  this  Letter 
was  Rather  Sevear,  and  full  of  Complaints,  But  upon  Recolection 
Remember  I  sent  one  to  you  Dated  the  20th  of  January  By  Capt.  Becker, 
about  the  same  time  you  Wrote  that  to  me,  and  hope  that  Releaved 
you  for  the  present  But  by  this  time  you  must  be  in  Want  again, 
which  Gives  me  Great  uneasyness,  was  in  hopes  I  Could  Git  Leave 
to  Come  home  for  a  few  Days,  but  General  Maxwell  has  Got  Leave 


Notes  and  Queries.  377 

to  Go  home  for  three  weeks  &  is  to  Set  off  tomorrow,  when  the  Com- 
mand of  the  Brigade  falls  to  me  untill  his  Return,  when  I  Will  Come 
home  If  possable,  a  few  Days.  I  Send  this  by  Mr  Osmun  my  Quarter 
master,  with  three  hundred  Dollars  A  sum  I  hope  will  Last  you  a 
Little  while,  I  hope  to  Supply  you  Better  in  future  I  am  Likely  to 
have  forty  Dollars  a  month  aded  to  my  present  pay.  I  hope  by 
this  time  Chuff  and  the  Children  is  in  Better  health,  and  yourself, 
Please  to  Send  me  two  more  Shirts  and  one  Stock  and  the  Coat  I  Left 
At  the  Taylors,  the  Letter  I  Wrote  by  Capt.  Becker  mentioned  your 
Comeing  to  Camp  If  you  Could  Convenient,  I  shall  Quarter  while 
maxwell  is  Gone  At  Mr  John  Mitchels  where  Maxwell  now  Quarters  A 
Genteel  Place  (the  Day  before  yesterday  I  had  the  honour  to  Dine  with 
General  Washington  and  his  Lady.  Yesterday  I  Dined  with  Lord 
Sterling  and  his  Lady.)  Do  I  Desire  pay  all  your  Dets  in  Reading  As 
soon  as  you  Receive  this,  Write  me  a  Letter  by  Osmun  and  tell  me 
just  how  Are  in  every  Way,  and  whether  you  Can  Conveniently  Come 
and  See  me  or  not  for  one  or  two  Weeks,  I  Shall  have  a  Good  house  &c. 
As  Colo:  Brearly  and  I  Came  from  Jersey  we  were  near  being  taken 
by  the  British  Light  horse,  But  happaly  escaped, 

Give  my  Compliments  to  Mr8  Sullivan,  Miss  Peggy,  Miss  Kitty,  &  all 
my  friends  at  Reading. 

I  am  your  faithfull  and  Loving 

Husband, 
Israel  STireve. 

P.S.  when  I  was  in  Jersey  I  was  at  Coopers  ferry  heard  from  Mrs. 
Williams,  who  was  well,  I  was  at  Woodberry  Polley  Wood  and  Mary 
Branson  Desired  to  be  Remembered  to  you,  Woodberry  Looks  very 
Distressed,  my  Relations  in  General  was  well  and  mostly  Desired  to  be 
Remembered  to  you,  If  Capt  Balding  is  alive  Do  Let  me  know  how  he 
is, — I  Come  across  Some  pins  and  send  you  a  pound  they  Cost  fifty 
Shillings  and  Some  thread  that  Come  in  my  way 

I.  S. 

Do  Let  me  know  when  your  Last  orders  is  out  for  provisions  and  for 
Wood. 

LIST  OF  NAMES  OF  SOME  OF  THE  VESSELS  REGISTERED  AT  PHILADEL- 
PHIA, 1742-1748. — Batchelor,  Indian  Queen,  Sea  Flower,  Debby,  Molly, 
Hannah,  Humming  Bird,  Charming  Molly,  Virgin  Queen,  Dorothy, 
Polly,  Swift,  Charming  Sally,  Little  Gipsy,  Pretty  Peggy,  Three  Sisters, 
Dolphin,  Hope,  King  Tammany,  Prosperity,  Speedwell,  Friendship,  Suc- 
cess, Warrior's  Prize,  Phoebe,  Antelope,  Major,  Dreadnought,  Nancy, 
Two  Sisters,  America,  Beaver,  Prince  William,  Lark,  Neptune,  Trial, 
Greyhound,  Princess  Louisa,  Ann,  Phoenix,  Diligence,  Industry,  Aurora 
Eagle,  Hawk,  Dove,  Benjamin,  Pearl,  Unity,  Recovery,  Barbados  Factor, 
Salamander,  Mulberry,  Ranger,  Penrose,  Delia,  Breeze,  Marion,  Phila- 
delphia Galley,  Warren,  Expedition,  Fame,  Lisbon  Packet,  Highlander, 
Pompey,  Hester,  Jekyll,  Richard,  Hamilton,  Duke  of  Cumberland, 
Widow,  Squirrel,  Hampton,  Louisa,  Jolly,  Achilles,  City  of  Derry, 
William  and  Jane,  Lord  Russell,  and  Lynch. 

DR.  GEORGE  GLENTWORTH,  Dunlap's  American  Daily  Advertiser,  Mon- 
day, November  12,  1792,  contains  the  following  obituary  notice: — 

"On  Sunday  morning,  the  4th  instant,  departed  this  life,  in  the  57th 
year  of  his  age,  universally  beloved  and  lamented,  Dr.  George  Glent- 
worth ;  and  on  Tuesday  his  remains  were  interred  in  the  Trinity  Vault, 
in  St.  Paul's  Burial-Ground,  attended  by  the  greatest  concourse  of 
respectable  citizens  ever  assembled  on  a  similar  occasion. 

"As  a  physician,  he  was  eminent  and  useful;  and,  to  a  fine  genius, 
joined  an  excellent  heart:  The  qualities  of  his  head  held  only  the 


378  Notes  and  Queries. 

second  place  in  him:  They  were  an  ornament  to  his  merit — but  not 
its  principal  fource. — All  who  stood  in  need  of  his  assistance,  were  the 
object  of  his  care,  without  any  distinction: — He  visited  distress  to 
relieve  it,  and,  in  relieving  it,  made  himself  always  beloved.  At  the 
end  of  each  day,  he  met  with  the  reward  of  having  done  some  addi- 
tional good  action;  which  gave  him  a  pleasure,  that  few  minds  are 
capable  of  enjoying. 

"As  a  man,  he  was  tender,  affectionate,  and  amiable;  his  manners 
easy  and  agreeable;  his  morals  unexceptionable.  He  always  considered 
it  as  his  duty  to  give  instruction  to  the  ignorant,  justice  to  the  injured, 
and  consolation  to  the  afflicted. 

"In  both  characters,  everything  he  did,  breathed  the  spirit  of  hu- 
manity— and  discovered  with  the  great,  the  good  man. 

"He  was  a  kind  husband  and  a  fond  father." 

MARYLAND  CONTINENTAL  LINE. — The  Maryland  Journal  and  Balti- 
more Advertiser,  of  December  30,  1777,  states:  "On  the  17th.  instant 
we  left  the  main  army  [at  Gulph  Mill],  under  the  command  of  General 
Small  wood,  in  order  to  take  up  our  winter  quarters  here  [Wilmington, 
Del.].  ...  On  the  march  to  this  place  our  Regiment  was  in  front, 
all  cloathed  in  red.  .  .  ." 

DECLABATION  OF  ANDBEW  MCCALLA,  FORMEBLY  OF  BUCKS  COUNTY, 
PENNA.,  FOB  A  PENSION. — We  are  indebted  to  the  researches  of  Mrs. 
Harry  Rogers  in  the  Record  and  Pension  Department,  Washington,  D.  C., 
for  the  following  declaration  of  Andrew  McCalla  for  a  pension  for 
military  service  during  the  Revolution. 

STATE  OF  KENTUCKY  \ 
CITY  OF  LEXINGTON    f 

"On  the  12th  day  of  July  1832,  personally  appeared  in  open  Court, 
before  the  Mayor  of  the  City  of  Lexington,  now  sitting,  Andrew  McCalla, 
a  resident  thereof  aged  74  years,  who  being  first  duly  sworn  according 
to  law,  doth  on  his  oath,  making  the  following  declaration  as  to  the 
several  interrogations  put  to  him  in  pursuance  to  law  in  order  to 
obtain  the  benefit  of  the  Act  of  Congress,  passed  the  7th  June  1832. 

"He  was  born  in  Plumsted  township,  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania,  on 
the  30th  November  1757.  There  was  a  family  record  in  which  his 
birth  was  recorded,  which  is  now,  as  he  believes  in  the  hands  of  some 
of  his  brothers  or  sisters  in  Philadelphia. 

"He  resided  with  his  father  when  the  Revolutionary  War  began,  and 
served  five  terms  of  two  months  each,  during  the  years  1776,  1777  & 
1778.  He  first  entered  as  a  private  in  his  father's,  Capt.  William 
McCalla's  company  in  1776,  but  was  soon  appointed  Fife  Major  of  the 
regiment  in  which  capacity  he  remained  his  first  term.  His  second 
he  served  as  a  substitute  for  his  Uncle  John  McCalla,  still  acting  as 
Fife  Major,  and  of  course  attached  to  the  regimental  Staff. 

"Col.  John  Beattie,  commanded  the  regiment  in  which  he  first  served, 
and  L*  Col.  Baxter  was  also  a  field  officer.  He  was  afterwards  killed 
at  the  capture  of  Fort  Washington.  He  thinks  that  no  regular  troops 
were  united  to  the  Militia  during  that  term.  General  Roberdeau  he 
thinks  was  one  of  the  officers,  also  Col.  Arthur  Irwin  &  Col.  Stuart, 
Jacob  Bennett  also  was  a  staff  officer  in  the  Qur  Master  department. 
On  the  day  that  the  Hessians  who  were  captured  at  Trenton,  were 
marched  into  Philadelphia,  he  was  there,  then  in  the  service,  under 
Capt.  Hart  he  believes. 

"After  Lord  Howe's  army  landed  in  the  Chesapeake,  he  rendezvoused 
at  the  Trap  tavern  above  Philadelphia,  on  his  third  term  and  in  a  few 
days  afterwards  was  appointed  Assistant  Surgeon,  and  joined  the  Medi- 


Notes  and  Queries.  379 

cal  Staff  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Joseph  Fenton,  of  Bucks  County, 
and  in  that  capacity  served  the  balance  of  his  time,  which  amounted  to 
six  months.  During  that  time  he  was  with  the  army  under  General 
Washington  after  the  British  took  Philadelphia;  was  engaged  in  the 
battle  of  Germantown;  was  with  the  army  a  part  of  the  time  at  White- 
marsh  and  Valley  Forge;  was  at  Coryell's  ferry  the  ensuing  year 
about  the  time  of  the  battle  of  Monmouth,  and  whilst  there  saw  General 
Lafayette  and  General  Greene  cross  the  river  with  a  body  of  troops.  He 
never  had  a  commission  as  Surgeon's  Mate  or  Assistant  Surgeon  nor 
has  he  any  written  document  in  relation  to  his  service,  but  he  enjoyed 
the  rank,  pay  &  emoulments  of  his  office  as  far  as  was  usual  in  the  army. 

"He  remembers  one  circumstance  which  occurred  during  the  seige  of 
Fort  Mifflin.  Generals  Potter  and  Irwin,  Brigade  Major  Wykoff  and 
other  officers,  with  an  escort  went  down  on  the  western  side  of  the 
Schuylkill  on  a  party  of  observation  with  whom  he  was  in  company; 
and  when  they  arrived  below  the  Lower  ferry,  Major  Wykoff  with  a 
spy-glass  observed  the  British  ships  which  were  then  firing  on  the  fort 
and  declared  that  one  of  them  was  in  flames.  They  rode  on  and  over- 
took the  rest  who  had  not  stopped,  and  informed  them  of  the  fact;  and 
in  a  short  time  the  Augusta  blew  up;  after  the  party  had  gone  to 
Darby  and  left  there  about  a  mile,  the  Merlin  blew  up.  He  frequently 
saw  and  personally  knew  Generals  Washington,  Lafayette,  Greene,  Knox, 
Wayne,  Lord,  Stirling,  Maxwell,  Arnold  and  others. 

"He  also  knew  Colonel  Porter  of  the  Artillery,  Colonel  Lee  of  the 
Virginia  horse;  also  General  Conway,  from  whom  he  heard  a  statement 
as  to  the  causes  which  lost  the  battle  of  Germantown. 

"He  refers  to  a  statement  of  his  brother  John  McCalla  of  Philadel- 
phia annexed  hereto;  and  if  he  was  in  Bucks  County,  has  no  doubt  but 
that  he  could  procure  other  testimony.  But  as  he  removed  from  that 
county  in  1784  to  Kentucky,  and  has  remained  here  ever  since,  he  knows 
not,  which,  if  any  of  his  officers  or  comrads,  who  knew  his  services  are 
still  alive. 

"He  refers  to  John  Parker,  Esq.,  General  Thomas  Bodley,  Major 
McDowell,  Colonel  James  McDowell,  Dr.  Richard  Prindell  and  the  Hon. 
Wm  T.  Barry,  as  persons  who  can  attest  his  character  for  veracity  and 
their  belief  of  his  having  served  as  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution.  He 
hereby  relinquishes  every  claim  whatsoever  to  a  pension  or  annuity 
except  the  present  and  that  his  name  is  not  on  the  pension  roll,  or 
agency  of  any  State — Sworn  to  and  subscribed  the  day  and  year  afore- 
said. 

"Andv  M'Calla. 

"I  do  hereby  certify  that  we  reside  in  the  City  aforesaid,  that  we  are 
well  acquainted  with  Andrew  McCalla  who  has  subscribed  the  foregoing 
declaration  &  sworn  to  the  same,  that  we  believe  him  to  be  the  age 
which  he  has  stated,  that  he  is  and  has  been  reputed  in  the  neighborhood 
where  he  resides,  to  have  been  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution  and  that  we 
concur  in  the  opinion, 

"Sworn  and  subscribed  the  day  and  year  aforesaid. 

"Wm  R.  Morton. 
"Tho-  Gibbons. 
"H.  1.  Bodley. 

"I — N.  H.  Hall,  a  clergyman  residing  in  the  county  of  Fayette,  near 
the  City  aforesaid,  hereby  certify  that  I  am  well,  acquainted  with 
Andrew  McCalla  who  has  subscribed  and  sworn  to  the  foregoing  de- 
claration, that  I  believe  him  to  be  74  years  of  age,  that  he  is  reputed 
and  believed  in  the  neighborhood  where  he  resides,  to  have  been  a 
soldier  of  the  Revolution  in  which  opinion  I  concur. 

"28  July  1832. 

"N.  H.  Hall. 


380  Notes  and  Queries. 

"As  inquiry  is  made  of  me  concerning  my  brother  Andrew  McCalla 
serving  in  the  Revolution  War,  I  can  state  and  depose  that  he  was  out 
as  a  private  soldier  in  our  father's  company,  in  Colonel  John  Beattie's 
regiment,  while  the  British  were  in  New  York. 

"Our  men  were  stationed  at  Amboy.  When,  on  this  occasion,  our 
father  Captain  William  McCalla  returned  to  Philadelphia  my  brother 
Andrew  McCalla  continued  a  while  with  the  "Flying  Camp"  which  our 
men  were  then  forming.  Afterwards  when  he  was  out  on  a  tour,  the 
most  of  which  I  think  he  served  in  Jersey,  I  went  to  CorreylPs  Ferry 
to  see  him.  After  this  he  served  sometime  as  Surgeon's  Mate  to 
Dr.  Fenton.  As  I  am  asked  about  the  length  of  the  time,  I  can  state 
that  I  have  no  doubt  that  he  served  more  than  six  months,  but  how 
many  months  more  I  cannot  recollect.  This  much  I  can  remember  that 
whether  he  was  a  private  soldier  or  Surgeon's  Mate,  he  had  a  taste 
for  the  service,  and  would  rather  be  in  the  army  than  any  where  else.  He 
was  at  the  battle  of  Germantown,  and  it  is  my  impression  that  he  was 
out  when  General  La  Fayette  was  wounded  at  Brandywine. 

"John  McCalla. 

"Sworn  at  Phila.  13  day  July  1832. 

before  Andrew  Geyer.  A.D. 

STATE  OF  KENTUCKY  \ 
FAYETTE  COUNTY    f 

"Jn°  McCalla  states  that  in  July  last  he  prepared  a  statement  for 
his  father  Andrew  McCalla  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  a  pension,  but 
that  the  said  Andrew  died  November  27-1832  leaving  a  widow  Martha 
McCalla  (my  mother)  now  residing  in  my  family  in  the  City  of 
Lexington. 

"February  2-1833. 

"Jn°  M.  McCalla." 

OBITUABY  NOTICE  OF  MBS.  SUSANNAH  BUDDEN. — On  Wednesday  last, 
in  the  88th  year  of  her  age,  MRS.  SUSANNAH  BUDDEN,  the  relict 
of  capt.  Richard  Budden,  a  native  of  Old  England,  and  so  well  known 
for  many  years  by  the  frequency  and  safety  of  his  voyages  between 
London  and  Philadelphia,  that  his  ship  was  called  the  bridge  between 
those  two  ports;  when  a  young  sailor  he  accompanied  Wm.  Penn  in  his 
last  visit  to  Pennsylvania,  and  was  introduced  when  a  man  by  his  son 
Thomas  Penn,  to  king  George  the  2d:  who  supposing  him,  from  the 
plainness  of  his  dress  to  be  a  Quaker,  pleasantly  addressed  him  in  the 
language  of  that  religious  society,  and  directed  him  to  cover  his  head. 
The  widow  of  this  venerable  sea  captain  survived  him  five  and  thirty 
years,  and  passed  the  long  evening  of  her  life  in  a  peaceful  retirement 
from  the  eyes  and  bustle  of  the  world.  Her  death  and  funeral  were 
announced  by  the  ringing  of  the  bells  of  Christ  Church  (muffled),  as  a 
tribute  of  respect  to  her  worth,  and  of  gratitude  to  her  husband,  who 
presented  the  church  with  the  freight  of  those  Bells  from  London,  forty 
or  fifty  years  ago. 

Eight  days  before  she  died,  she  requested  to  be  interred  in  the  same 
grave  with  her  husband  in  Christ  Church  burying  ground  (which  was 
accordingly  done  last  evening),  and  that  the  following  lines  should  be 
added,  with  her  name,  to  the  words  "prepare  to  follow"  which  are  in- 
scribed upon  his  tombstone. 

"I  am  prepar'd — God  called  me, 

"My  Soul  I  hope,  doth  rest  in  thee." 

[Paulson's  American  Daily  Advertiser,  October  17,  1801.] 


Notes  and  Queries. 


381 


Queries. 

MEDICAL  GRADUATES  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA: — Bio- 
graphical information  is  asked,  or  the  source  whence  it  can  be  had,  of 
the  following  medical  graduates  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  for 
the  Alumni  Catalogue  now  preparing.  Information  may  be  sent  to 
Ewing  Jordan,  M.D.,  1510  Walnut  St.,  Philadelphia,  Penna. 


1839. 

Adams,  Seth  Samuel  Fla. 

Alden,  James  M.  N.  Y. 

Archer,  Alexander  Va. 
Bascome,  Daniel  B.  Turk's  Island 

Beasley,  James  Augustus  Va. 

Bellamy,  John  Dillard  N.  C. 

Bieber,  William  Sassaman  Pa. 

Blunt,  Angus  Felix  Va. 

Bourgeat,  Joseph  B.  La. 

Bradford,  Charles  M.  N.  Y. 

Brooks,  William  D.  F.  N.  J. 

Broughton,  Charles  H.  Va. 

Burns,  Robert  Pa. 

Chambers,  George  W.  Pa. 

Cheshire,  John  S.  Ky. 

Christian,  William  Wright  Va. 

Collins,  John  Milton  N.  Y. 

Constable,  Thomas  F.  Va. 

Crichton,  James  Edward  Va. 

Criddle,  Edward  F.  Va. 

Cross,  William  Va. 

Daniels,  Ezekiel  Pa. 

Donoho,  Richard  A.  N.  C. 

Dove,  George  McCauley  D.  C. 

Dove,  James  Va. 

Downey,  John  Alexander  N.  C. 

Embree,  George  W.  N.Y. 
Evatt,  William  H.               Canada. 

Fox,  Daniel  J.  S.  C. 

Frayser,  Benjamin  F.  Va. 

Garland,  William  Preston  Va. 

Graves,  Nathaniel  Slade  N.  C. 

Griffin,  Charles  M.  Ga. 

Griffin,  James  L.  C.  Va. 

Hamilton,  James  Sherwood  Ga. 

Haskins,  Richard  Edward  Va. 

Heaton,  James  Decatur  Va. 

Henry,  Samuel  H.  Md. 

Hill,  William  A.  Va. 

Hughes,  John  S.  Va. 

Hunter,  Alexander  Ga. 

Hussey,  Elijah  M.  Ala. 

Johnston,  John  G.  Ga. 

Jones,  Alexander  Md. 

Jones,  Randolph  M.  Md. 

Kershaw,  Charles  S.  C. 

Laurie,  Shepherd  D.  C. 

Lawrence,  Thomas  C.  Miss. 

Lyle,  William  Jones  Va. 


McKee,  Alexander  R.  Ky. 

Marthens,  Henry  C.  Pa. 

Mason,  Robert  Harrison  Va. 
Massenberg,  William 

Albridgston  Va. 
Maynard,  Joseph  P.         Barbadoes 

Mershon,  Sumpter  Miss. 

Middleton,  Benjamin  S.  Va. 

Millan,  Lyle  Va. 

Mitchell,  Bruce  Hannable  Ala. 

Mitchell,  Moses  T.  Pa. 

Moore,  Edward  William  La. 

Moore,  James  J.  S.  C. 

Moseley,  Thomas  H.  Ga. 

Oliver,  James  L.  N.  C. 

Paschall,  Zebulon  M.  N.  C. 

Patterson,  George  W.  Pa. 

Pegram,  William  E.  Va. 

Pleasants,  William  B.  Va. 

Pope,  Charles  Alexander  Ala. 

Pratt,  William  F.  S.  C. 

Richardson,  John  D.  Pa. 

Ridley,  William  M.  S.  N.  C. 

Roberts,  William  R.  Va. 

Robeson,  Andrew,  Jr.  Mass. 

Scott,  Thomas  F.  Va. 

Shackelford,  John  N.  C. 

Sims,  Richards  S.  Va. 

Smallwood,  Thomas  J.  P.  N.  C. 

Smith,  Edward  Gibbs  Pa. 

Spalding,  Joshua  A.  Me. 

Speece,  J.  Morton  Va. 

S'pence,  William  A.,  Jr.  Va. 
Stamps,  William  Lipscomb  Va. 

Stokes,  Thomas  D.  N.  C. 

Stone,  James  B.  Va. 

Swanson,  William  G.  Ga. 
Swartz,  Benjamin  Franklin  Pa. 

Talley,  Horace  Alfred  Va. 

Taylor,  James  McDowell  Va. 

Taylor,  John  E.  Pa. 

Taylor,  Lyttelton  L.  Fla. 

Trevor,  M.  Randall  Pa. 

Tuggle,  Richard  B.  Va. 
Vedder,  Alexander  Marselis  N.  Y. 

Vinson,  Daniel  S.  Pa. 

Walker,  John  Va. 

Wendel,  James  E.  Tenn. 

Wilkinson,  Joseph  Biddle  La. 

Wood,  John  P.  Va. 

Yohe,  Andrew  Pa. 


382 


Notes  and  Queries. 


1840. 

Addison,  Kendall  F.  Va. 

Aldredge,  James  F.  Ga. 

Allen,  Jonathan  M.  Mass. 

Barry,  Thomas  Ind. 

Battle,  Thomas  William  Ga. 

Binford,  Walter  L.  Va. 

Blow,  William  James  N.  C. 

Bolton,  Charles  Pa. 

Booth,  William  A.  Tenn. 

Brent,  Thomas  S.  N.  C. 

Briggs,  John  Kobert  Va. 

Bryan,  Joseph  Rhodes  Pa. 

Byrne,  Patrick  Henry  Ala. 

Cou thorn,  Lucius  H.  Va. 

Childers,  Erasmus  R.  Ga. 

Christian,  James  R.  Tenn. 

Cole,  Merivether  H.  Tenn. 

Cooper,  Lewis  D.  N.  C. 

Currey,  Richard  Owen  Tenn. 

Curtis,  Charles  F.  Ala. 

Davis,  William  L.  Ga. 

Day,  James  Lawrence  N.  J. 

Delany,  Peter  Benson,  Jr.  Del. 

Doggett,  John  B.  N.  C. 

Donnally,  John  James  Va. 
Edmondson,  William  Jones    Va. 

Featherston,  Edwin  C.  Tenn. 

Flanner,  Thomas  J.  N.  C. 

Gamble,  James  H.  Ireland 

Garrett,  Richard  W.  Ala. 

Gee,  Lucas  Miss. 

Glass,  Robert  Tenn. 

Griswold,  Alexander  S.  Mich. 

Gunn,  Allen  N.  C. 

Hamner,  Austin  M.  Tenn. 
Hardy,  Benjamin  Franklin    Pa. 

Harrison,  George  M.  111. 

Harrison,  John  Henry  Miss. 

Headen,  Isaac  Brooks  N.  C. 

Herndon,  Dabney  Va. 

Heterick,  Alexander  B.  Va. 

Hicks,  Benjamin  Isaac  Va. 

Hurt,  Thomas  Randolph  Va. 

Inge,  Richard  Junius  Ala. 

Irwin,  William  Taylor  Va. 

Jackson,  William  W.  Ala. 

Jennings,  Robert  M.  Va. 
Johnson,  William  Q.,  M.D.    Va. 

Jones,  George  F.  Tenn. 

Justice,  John  R.  N.  C. 

Kenney,  William  H.  W.  Pa. 

King,  Nathaniel  M.  D.  C. 
Lamar,  Thomas  Bainbridge  Ga. 

Lang,  Edmund  N.  Y. 

Lawson,  Mordecai  Va. 

Learning,  Coleman  F.  N.  J. 

Lewis,  Elisha  Jarrett  Pa. 


Lewis,  John  E.  Ga. 

Lewis,  William  W.  Va. 

Lindsay,  William  Dillon  N.  C. 

McCain,  James  W.  N.  C. 

McDowell,  Augustus  Wil- 
liam Pa. 

McKee,  William  H.  Pa. 

McLane,  George  Read  Del. 

Martin,  William  F.  B.  Va. 

Marye,  James  Burton  Va. 

Mather,  George  La. 

Maxwell,  Richard  Tybout  Del. 

Miller,  Joseph  Hollings- 

worth  Ohio 

Miller,  Joseph  S.  N.  C. 

Morrill,  Henry  Edwin  Ohio 

Morton,  John  Watson  Tenn. 

Muller,  William  H.  Pa. 

Murphy,  George  W.  Ind. 

Neal,  Ebenezer  Pa. 

Nelson,  Robert  Carter  Va. 

Newbold,  George  Lawrie  N.  J. 

Morris,  James  Va. 

Patton,  William  N.  Va. 

Pawsey,  George  England 

Payne,  Richard  Alexander  Va. 

Percy,  John  W.  Ala. 

Perry,  John  Calhorda  N.  C. 

Pettus,  John  R.  Va. 

Powell,  Jesse  Cotton  N.  C. 

Pugh,  Joseph  Hill  La. 

Purdom,  James  A.  L.  Ala. 

Rawlings,  George  C.  Va. 

Rawson,  Le  Quinio,  M.D.  Ohio 

Read,  Adolphus  W.  Va. 

Roberson,  David  Ga. 

Roberts,  John  W.  Va. 

Roberts,  William  N.Y. 

Scruggs,  Robert  A.,  M.D.  Va. 

Seal,  Charles  L.  Pa. 

Shelly,  William  A,  Pa. 

Shelton,  John  D.  N.  Y. 

Shelton,  Thomas  D.  Va. 

Sheppard,  John  M.  Va. 

Simpson,  Richard  French  Va. 

Smart,  Burleigh  Me. 

Smiley,  Alexander  H.  Tenn. 

Smith,  James  Campbell  N.  C. 

Smith,  Samuel  Mitchell  Ohio 

Smith,  Samuel  T.  N.  Y. 

Smith,  Solomon  W.  Va. 

Stout,  Josiah  W.  Tenn. 

Swoope,  William  W.,  M.D.  Va. 

Taylor,  William  J.  N.  J. 

Terrell,  John  Columbus  N.  C. 

Thomas,  William  George  KG. 

Thorp,  William  KG. 

Triplett,  Daniel  S.  Va. 

Tuck,  William  J.  Va. 


Notes  and  Queries.  383 

Vaughan,  Henry  A.  Va.  Williams,  James  L.  Ala. 

Walker,  Anselm  N.  Ga.  Williamson,  William  W.        Va. 

Walker,  James  Alexander  Va.  Womack,  William  B.  Tenn. 

Walker,  Thomas  Lindsay  Va.  Woodson,  William  Moncure  Va. 

Weaver,  James  Tenn. 

IRepUes. 

HUFF  OB  HOFF.— [PENNA.  MAG.,  Vol.  XXXIX,  p.  120.]  For  data 
concerning  the  Huff  or  Hoff  family,  write  to  Miss  Elizabeth  C.  Hendry, 
5041  Green  street,  Germantown,  Philada. 

JBooh  Hlotlce0. 

JOHN  Hus,  THE  MARTYR  OF  BOHEMIA.  By  W.  N.  Schwarze,  Ph.D., 
12mo,  pp.  152.  Illustrated. 

In  commemoration  of  the  five  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  martyr- 
dom of  John  Hus,  this  popular  life  of  the  great  Bohemian  has  been 
prepared  by  Prof.  Schwarze  of  the  Moravian  College  at  Bethlehem, 
Penna.  It  is  suffused  throughout  with  the  spirit  and  genius  of  that 
remarkable  missionary  church,  which  had  its  origin  among  the  fol- 
lowers of  Hus  in  1457.  The  salient  events  in  the  career  of  the  Reformer 
are  given,  while  the  effect  of  his  influence  on  the  events  of  the  fifteenth 
century  are  discussed  with  historical  instinct. 

NATHAN  HALE.  By  Jean  Christie  Root.  New  York,  the  Macmillan 
Co.,  1915.  12mo,  pp.  160.  Illustrated.  Fifty  cents. 

The  Macmillans  are  publishing  a  series  of  "True  Stories  of  Great 
Americans,"  who  have  achieved  greatness  in  different  fields  of  endeavor, 
and  the  writers  who  have  been  selected  have  shown  that  they  have  an 
appreciation  of  what  makes  really  good  juvenile  literature.  Nathan 
Hale  is  an  attractive  little  volume  and  well  worth  reading,  for  the 
manner  in  which  is  given  the  romantic  career  and  fearless  death  of 
this  interesting  figure  of  our  revolutionary  history. 

AMERICA  TO  JAPAN.  A  symposium  of  papers  of  representative  citizens 
of  the  United  States  on  the  relations  between  Japan  and  America,  and 
on  the  common  interests  of  the  two  countries.  Edited  by  Lindsay 
Russell.  New  York,  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  1915.  12mo,  pp.  318. 
Illustrated. 

This  is  the  companion  volume  to  "Japan  to  America,"  edited  by  N. 
Masaoka,  and  issued  by  the  Japan  Society  of  America.  It  consists  of 
fifty-two  contributions  on  America's  relations  with  Japan,  social,  poli- 
tical, economic  and  literary,  and  special  problems  of  interest  to  the  two 
peoples  discussed  by  representative  American  statesmen,  publicists,  mem- 
bers of  the  legal  fraternity  and  the  pulpit,  educators,  merchants,  and 
manufacturers.  These  two  books  should  help  to  remove  misunderstand- 
ing and  to  insure  the  continuance  and  development  of  a  mutual  and 
friendly  public  sentiment,  and  to  that  end  they  will  be  widely  circulated 
in  both  countries. 

HENRY  BENNET,  EARL  OF  ARLINGTON,  SECRETARY  OF  STATE  TO  CHARLES 
II.  By  Violet  Barbour,  Ph.D.  Washington,  D.  C.,  1914.  8vo,  pp.  303. 

The  Ministers  of  Charles  II  were  not  chosen  for  their  honesty,  nor 
were  they  retained  in  office  for  services  rendered  the  State,  but  those 
men  the  King  advanced,  were  always  intelligent  and  sometimes  ex- 
ceptionally able.  For  twelve  years  Arlington  served  as  Secretary  of 
State,  and  no  measure  of  importance  was  contemplated  by  the  govern- 
ment without  his  participation,  and  in  questions  of  foregn  policy  his 


384  Notes  and  Queries. 

knowledge  was  accepted.  From  the  fall  of  Clarendon  to  the  outbreak 
of  the  Second  Dutch  War,  his  influence  with  the  King  made  him  the 
greatest  personage  in  England.  To  this  essay  was  awarded  the  Herbert 
Baxter  Adams  prize  in  European  History  of  1913. 

COLONIAL  MEN  AND  TIMES,  containing  the  Journal  of  Colonel  David 
Trimble,  some  account  of  his  ancestry,  life  and  travels  in  Virginia  and 
the  present  state  of  Kentucky  during  the  Revolutionary  period;  the 
Huguenots;  with  brief  sketch  of  the  Allied  Families.  By  Lillie  DuPuy 
Van  Culin  Harper.  Philadelphia,  1915.  4to,  pp.  624. 

Mrs.  Harper  in  her  attractively  produced  book  has  introduced  those 
special  features  which  go  to  make  history  and  genealogy  valuable,  and 
she  has  gone  about  her  work  in  the  right  spirit  of  enthusiasm,  and  done 
it  acceptably.  The  genealogical  sketches  of  the  Traube,  Flournoy, 
Haskins,  Kirtley,  Earley,  DuPuy,  Roberts,  Perrott,  Tanner,  Hill,  Terry, 
Beaufort,  Loving,  Patterson,  Campbell,  De  Bow,  Brevard,  Meyer  and 
others  have  been  compiled  from  the  most  trustworthy  data  attainable. 
Special  space  has  been  given  to  all  that  pertains  to  Bartholomew  DuPuy 
and  his  descendants.  Much  of  the  matter  is  positively  new.  The 
Journal  of  Colonel  Trimble  is  an  interesting  pilgrimage  into  what  was 
then  a  remote  country,  and  is  full  of  adventure  and  experiences.  A 
comprehensive  index,  numerous  illustrations  and  coats  of  arms  add 
to  the  value  of  the  work. 

UNIVERSITY  LECTURES  DELIVERED  BY  MEMBERS  OF  THE  FACULTY  IN  THE 
FREE  PUBLIC  LECTURE  COURSE  1913-1914.  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
Philadelphia,  1915.  8vo,  pp.  597. 

Contents:  The  Court  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  Prof.  E.  P.  Cheyney;  The 
Physiological  Action  of  Alcohol,  Prof.  A.  R.  Taylor;  Is  the  Montessori 
Method  a  Fad?  Prof.  F.  P.  Graves;  A  Naturalist  in  Costa  Rica,  Prof. 
P.  P.  Calvert;  The  English  Bible  in  Literature,  Vice-Provost  Penniman; 
Arguments  for  and  against  Experiments  on  Animals,  Prof.  R.  M. 
Pearce;  Cervantes,  Prof.  H.  A.  Reunert;  Tree  Hunt  in  North  Africa, 
Prof.  J.  R.  Smith;  Some  new  Ideas  in  Government,  Prof.  J.  T.  Young; 
The  Smoke  Nuisance,  Prof.  R.  H.  Fernald;  Hebrew  and  Babylonian 
Views  of  Creation,  Prof.  M.  Jastrow,  Jr.;  The  Monroe  Doctrine  and 
American  Foreign  Policy,  Prof.  L.  S.  Rowe;  The  Economic  and  Biologi- 
cal Aspects  of  the  Hook- Worm  Disease  in  the  Southern  U.  S.,  Prof.  A. 
J.  Smith;  The  American  Novel — Past  and  Present,  Dean  A.  H.  Quinn; 
The  Veterinary  Profession  as  a  Career,  Prof.  J.  W.  Adams ;  The  German 
Barn  in  America,  Prof.  M.  D.  Learned;  Scientific  Management  in  Edu- 
cational Administration,  Prof.  H.  Updegraff;  The  Plays  and  Poetry  of 
John  Mansfield,  Prof.  C.  Weygandt;  The  Race-making  Process  in  the 
United  States,  Prof.  J.  P.  Lichtenberger ;  Berlin  and  Modern  Germany, 
Prof.  W.  E.  Lingelbach;  Improvement  and  Reconstruction  of  Surburban 
and  County  Roads  to  withstand  Wear  from  Motor-driven  Vehicles,  Prof. 
W.  Easby,  Jr. ;  Plant  Life  seen  between  Philadelphia  and  Atlantic  City, 
Prof.  J.  W.  Harshberger;  The  Conservation  of  the  Public  Health,  Prof. 
A.  C.  Abbott;  The  Control  of  Trusts  from  a  Legal  Point  of  View,  Prof. 
W.  D.  Lewis;  Some  Problems  of  Heredity,  Prof.  C.  E.  McClung;  The 
Natural  History  of  the  Grape  Vine,  Prof.  J.  M.  Macfarlane;  The  Ex- 
ceptional Child — at  Home  and  at  School,  Prof.  L.  Witmer;  What  is 
Electricity?  Prof.  A.  W.  Goodspeed;  The  Monasteries  of  Meteora,  Prof. 
W.  W.  Hyde. 

This  volume  places  in  permanent  form  a  series  of  free  lectures  by 
members  of  the  Faculty  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  One  cannot 
read  these  lectures,  of  wide  range  of  subject  with  a  distinct  problem  in 
each,  treated  in  the  light  of  recent  research,  without  feeling  conscious 
of  their  exceptional  vigor  and  knowledge. 


THE 

PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE 

OP 

HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 

VOL.  XXXIX.  1915.  No.  4. 

SOME  MATERIAL  FOE  A  BIOGRAPHY  OF  MRS. 
ELIZABETH  FERGUSSON,  nee  GR^ME. 

BY  SIMON  GRATZ. 
(Continued  from  page  321.) 

Elizabeth  Gmme  to  Rev.  Richard  Peters,  [1763?] 
Dear  Sir 

The  day  Proveing  So  Bad  I  give  over  expecting  The  Pleasure  of 
Meeting  You  This  Evening  at  Mp  Stedmans,  Where  I  Purposd  Giveing 
you  My  Friends  Letter,  and  Mr  Powels  Note,  as  I  know  Not  When 
I  may  See  You  I  take  The  Liberty  of  Sending  it  to  You;  I  Hope  your 
Fine  Spirits  will  be  Proof  against  This  Gloomy  Weather;  But  Confine 
Them  No  longer  at  Home  than  is  Necessary;  This  is  I  am  Certain  is 
the  Wish  of  Your  Friends,  One  of  Which  I  hope  is  Needless  to  add  is 
your  Most  Humble  Servant 

Eliz  Graeme 
Wednesday  Noon. 

Elizabeth  Graeme  to  Rev.  Richard  Peters. 

London  January  th!8  1765. 
Dear  Sir 

To  Shew  you  how  Chearfully  I  Obey  any  Commands  that  Lead  Me 
imediatly  To  think  of  You,  I  Sit  down  to  Answer  your  Kind  Favor; 
alltho  I  only  to  day  receivd  it:  The  Spirits  Which  you  appear  to  be 
in,  When  you  Wrote  it  adds  to  Mine,  and  I  hope  Your  Health  is  Equal 
to  Your  Chearf ullness ;  The  Aggreable  Conexion  Your  Nephew  Is  on  the 
Point  of  Forming  Gives  Me  Pleasure  to  hear,  as  I  am  Sure  by  What  I 
Saw  of  his  Genteel,  and  Hospitable  Manner,  he  Seems  Calculated  to 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 25  385 


386        Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

Fill  those  Circle  of  Domestick  Duties,  I  know  What  you  feel  When  any 
you  Love  are  Likely  to  be  Made  Happy  in  any  Shape,  alltho  I  Must 
Envy  you  a  little  In  So  Frequently  Being  the  Instrument  of  Good  to 
Others:  as  to  Your  being  at  the  Wedding  that  is  a  Subject  I  Must 
remain  Neuter  in,  being  too  much  Interested  in  it  to  Say  any  thing. 

My  Complaints  are  Not  alltogether  of  So  Chimerical  a  Nature  as  to 
be  Cured  by  A  High  Opinion  of  My  Physician,  I  Wish  they  Were,  and 
I  Should  Stand  No  bad  Chance,  I  Yesterday  past  the  Day  Aggreable  at 
My  Doctors  House;  and  the  Day  before  at  Colonel  Grams;  His  Lady 
Lamented  Much  that  I  had  Not  been  introduced  at  Court,  that  I  Might 
this  Night  have  gone  With  her  to  the  Birth  Night;  She  is  Vastly  kind, 
and  Free  And  all  tho  at  Present  by  her  Husbands  office  under  the 
Queen,  in  a  very  High  point  of  View,  yet  the  Furthest  from  Pride  of 
Any  thing  I  Ever  Saw.  Mr  Penns  Family  Are  Well,  and  I  think  this 
Night  Give  The  Name  of  Sophia  to  their  Young  Daughter. 

I  receivd  A  Letter  the  day  before  Yesterday  from  My  dear  Mother 
of  Decem*  6  pp  Paket,  and  all  Well,  these  are  real  Blessings,  and  Make 
My  Heart  dilate  With  joy  to  the  Author  of  All  good;  When  I  Wrote 
by  the  Last  Saturdays  Male  I  Made  No  reply  to  the  proposal  of  Long, 
for  I  am  in  an  Equilibrium  I  See  reasons  for  and  Against  and  You 
Must  turn  the  Ballance;  The  Partys  rage  on  the  Other  Side  of  the 
Water,  and  are  Very  Much  Talkd  of  here,  but  the  Indian  War  Bouquet 
Seems  to  have  Crush:  I  Still  Continue  to  See  More  Company  at  Home, 
than  abroad  but  When  You  Come  to  Town  I  Shall  I  hope  Go  out  Some 
thing  More,  as  their  are  Many  things  in  and  About  London  that  I  Must 
Put  my  Self  under  the  Asylum  of  Your  Wing  to  get  at. 

Sr  John  and  Lady  are  often  here,  Mr  and  Mr-  Barrow,  M™  Richie, 
Mr  Lo  Mer,  M"  West,  M"  Hunter,  all  the  American  Gentleman  Mr 
Graeme  of  Carolina  and  Many  More,  Who  as  they  keep  Equipages  And 
Footmen,  Can  Much  Easier  Come  to  Me  than  I  go  to  them,  This  with 
their  good  Nature  and  being  Something  fonder  of  Visiting  Than  Your 
Humble  Servant  Makes  Me  have  half  A  Dozen  Visits  for  One  I  pay. 

I  hope  M™  Garside  has  receivd  her  things  Safe,  My  Compliments  at- 
tend Her  Fire  Side,  Which  am  Sure  as  She  is  Mistress  of  it  Must  be  A 
Chearfull  One,  A  Littary  Corespondence  Must  Now  Give  Way  to  Con- 
versation Between  you  and  your 

Most  Humble  Servant  and  Friend 

E.  Graeme.87 

Elizabeth  Oroeme  to 
Dear  Madam 

I  should  have  answerd  your  agreeable  Favor  by  Miss  Beckey,  but  I 
concluded  a  little  historical  Narative  From  herself  would  be  more  enter- 
taining; I  beged  her  to  go  in,  and  come  out,  as  it  suited  her;  for 
otherwise  She  Would  have  had  but  a  Gloomy  time  of  it  here;  as  my 
Life  has  been  rather  Singular ;  I  have  not  as  yet  Begun  to  return  any  of 

"To  The  Reverend  M'  Peters,  at  M»  Garsides,  In  Wrixam,  Wales. 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         387 

the  Visits  of  My  Friends;  I  have  an  hundred  and  ten  to  go  thro  with, 
and  intend  to  begin  to  Morrow.  Grief  has  Exhausted  itself,  Every 
Idea  and  Image  has  been  repeated  again,  And  Again,  I  trust  My  Friends 
are  happy,  I  Must  Ever  Most  Sensible  Miss  them,  But  I  begin  to  see  the 
propriety  of  endeavoring  at  lest  to  cheer  the  Gloom  of  despondency, 
But  my  Sister  My  Beloved  Sisters  Death  had  well  nigh  broke  my  Heart. 
Your  Attention  must  be  continually  taken  Up  for  the  Good  and  Welfare 
of  your  Children,  I  can  easily  judge  how  great  the  Task  must  Be,  when 
I  find  my  two  ingross  so  much  of  My  Regard,  Since  Providence  has 
placed  it  in  my  Lot  I  shall  try  to  Educate  Anny  and  John  as  Well  as 
I  can,  but  I  never  was  so  fond  of  Children  As  many  People  are,  tho  1 
should  be  inhuman  Not  to  Love  these  little  Innocents  who  never  wilfuly 
give  me  Pain,  Anny  and  I  think  our  Selves  Much  obliged  to  you  for  Miss 
Jennys  desire  of  letting  her  Write  for  her  for  two  or  three  Weeks  at 
Burlington  But  In  this  Afaid  I  Must  be  Sponsor. 

Her  length  of  Time  at  Graeme  Park  in  the  Sumr  Is  a  very  great  Draw 
Back  on  her  writing,  and  Sewing.  Her  reading  and  A  Proper  Choice 
of  Books  with  Explanations  on  them  is  my  Branch,  I  keep  her  Close  to 
it;  One  Day  with  her  is  a  Picture  of  every  Day,  and  as  Dissipation  is  a 
great  hurt  to  young  Minds,  I  could  wish  to  keep  her  Steadily  engaged 
in  Learning  till  Sixteen  at  lest;  I  have  no  ambition  to  Make  her  a 
Destinguishd  Character  was  it  in  My  Power,  But  I  could  Wish  to  see 
her  Afectionate  a  tolerable  Show  of  Understanding,  and  passable  Agre- 
able.  Moderate  as  this  Character  apears  to  be  It  takes  some  attention 
to  form  it. 

You  will  exuse  my  Writing  to  Miss  Becky  as  I  think  writing  to  you 
is  the  same  thing,  I  Make  no  Doubt  but  you  will  have  great  Comfort 
In  Her,  as  she  seems  to  have  a  Warm  sense  of  Her  Duty  to  You,  I  am 
much  obliged  to  her  for  the  trouble  she  has  taken  about  the  China,  As 
they  have  handles  I  will  take  them,  tho'  I  should  have  preferd  Blue  and 
White  I  now  enclose  the  Money. 

Miss  Becky  desires  to  know  how  I  like  My  New  Servant,  which  I 
hired;  she  seems  sober  And  Modest,  but  I  have  had  so  much  trouble 
about  Servants  that  I  hate  to  enter  on  the  theme;  for  if  I  had  Not  my 
Father,  and  the  Children  I  hate  Housekeep  so  much  that  I  Never  would 
encumber  my  Self  with  it  in  any  degree;  for  I  find  it  a  very  great  Tryal 
to  the  temper;  I  set  out  in  Life  with  An  imagination  that  every  Creature 
was  to  Wrought  upon  by  good  Usage,  but  those  favorable  Sentiments 
of  Human  Nature  I  but  too  often  find  reason  to  retract,  as  I  make  my 
daily  Observations. 

I  hope  the  opening  Season  will  have  a  happy  Influence  on  your  Spirits, 
the  resurection  of  Nature  After  A  Winters  interment,  Di fuses  A  general 
joy  Over  the  Whole  Animal  Frame,  and  Men  can  Not  be  Silent,  and 
unfeeling  in  the  Harmony  I  think  Burlington,  at  that  Season  remains 
among  the  pleasantest  Spots  I  know;  from  the  Number  Of  Orchards 
scaterd  up  and  Down  that  are  Like  so  many  Nosegays  in  a  Garden;  For 
you  know  every  thing  is  but  Comparitive. 

I  have  scribled  a  long  Epistle,  and  yet  Believe  me  I  never  so  much 


388         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme. 

disliked  Writing  in  My  Life,  haveing  had  a  great  deal  of  it  Lately,  I 
therefore  have  a  Sarfeit  of  it; 

Suffer  Me  to  conclude  My  Self  your; 

Most  Obedient  humble  Serva* 

Eliza  Graeme 
Philadelphia  March  25.  67. 

P.S.  This  was  to  have  gone  by  Mr  Frazer  but  some  how  we  misunder- 
stood each  Other  with  regard  to  the  time  of  his  Seting  of. 

Dr.  Thomas  Grceme  to  Rev.  Richard  Peters. 

Graeme  Park  28  of  Octr  1770. 
Dear  Sir. 

The  length  of  time  since  last  parting,  the  several  changes  you  have 
had  both  as  to  Climate  and  Diet,  in  your  Journey  to  New  York  and  back 
again,  as  also  the  Temptations  while  there  the  break  thro  the  trict 
Rules  of  living  which  your  Constitution  requires,  one  and  all  of  these, 
call  upon  me  with  rio  small  Anxiety,  to  know  how  your  ffeeble  Body  has 
bore  up  under  them.  This  if  you'l  favour  me  with,  Will  be  extremely 
accptable,  to  One  who  in  truth  has  the  deepest  Interest  in  it  and  should 
it  turn  out  to  his  satisfaction,  offer  real  joy. 

We  have  had  here  more  Intermitting  ffevers  than  usual  for  after  what  I 
had  which  you  know  was  but  Small  most  of  the  ffamily  felt  it  more  or 
less,  about  Betsy  it  hung  several  Weeks  irregular  as  usual,  but  is  now  in 
quite  good  Health. 

It  is  time  I  was  thinking  to  come  To  Town  which  I  cannot  well  ac- 
complish till  about  the  Midde  of  Nov,  and  was  it  not  that  I  wish  [torn] 
I  would  not  care  how  long  I  stay'd,  [torn]  except  it  is  with  such  a 
ffriend.  [torn]  Of  this  Dr  Sr  be  assured  who  am  with  all  esteem  your 
most  obedient  humble  Servant 

Thos  Graeme. 

Dr.  Thomas  Grceme  to  Rev.  Richard  Peters. 

Graeme  Park  4th  of  Augs  1772 
Dear  Sir 

I  could  hold  it  no  longer,  not  having  heard  from  you  since  parting, 
and  what  otherways,  but  in  an  imperfect  and  Indirect  manner,  only 
Tuesday  last  after  Night  came  here  Mr  Coomb  and  Doctor  Rush  and 
left  us  by  ffive  next  morning,  of  whom  I  had  scarce  time  to  ask  after 
you,  nor  indeed  had  I  much  Inclination  to  be  particular  to  either  of 
them  in  what  might  relate  or  concern  you;  yet  so  far  I  understood 
that  you  were  necessitated  to  doe  the  Dutys  of  your  ffunction,  last 
Sunday  your  self;  &  that  you  had  but  just  recoverd  from  some  fit  of 
Indisposition  immediately  before.  I  conjecture  this  must  have  been  very 
hard  upon  you,  and  anxiously  want  to  know  how  matters  then  stood  and 
ever  since. 

Not  having  hitherto   had   the   pleasure   of   that  ffriendly   Visit   you 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         389 

engag'd  your  self  to  confer  upon  us,  has  created  in  me  many  doubts 
not  only  as  to  your  Health,  but  in  regard  to  Public  affairs,  in  which 
you  cant  Avoid  being  Interested  perhaps  in  a  disagreeable  manner.  If 
any  such  thing  should  be  (as  I  hope  not)  you  can  easily  apply  to  your 
self,  what  you  would  readily  doe  to  another,  viz  While  Integrity  of 
Heart  remains  all  may  be  Quiet  within. 

There  has  indeed  happened  in  Poor  Mr  Penns  ffamily  an  Event  that 
would  draw  Pity  and  Regret  from  the  most  Indifferent  by  Stander  how 
much  then  doe  I  know  it  must  have  affected  you  equally  with  your 
humble  Servant  surely  it  must  add  a  Spur  to  the  Career  of  his  dissolu- 
tion, I  shall  say  no  more  but  pray  for  proper  Reflection! 

As  to  my  self  I  have  kept  pretty  equal  in  health  since  I  left  the 
Town,  yet  not  without  being  very  sensible,  that  One  year  added  to  the 
preceding,  not  only  increasith  their  Numbler,  but  Listlisness  &  Languor 
in  proportion/  The  fface  of  a  ffriend  such  as  yours  would  doe  much  to 
give  it  a  temporory  Relief,  in  hopes  whereof  I  subscrib  my  self  with 
warmest  affection  Dp  Sp 

Your  most  obedient  humble  Servant. 

The  Two  Betseys  Salute  you  with  their  best  regards  and  long  much 
for  the  same  favor  with  yours  as  above 


Elizabeth  Fergusson  to  Rev.  Richard  Peters. 

Graeme  Park  February  5  1773 
Dear  Sir 

I  was  favord  a  few  Days  past  with  yours:  I  should  often  have  wrote 
to  you  in  this  interim  of  time;  But  knowing  that  you  had  a  variety  of 
Engagements  and  at  the  same  time  my  afairs  of  a  nature  that  only 
admited  a  tiresome  repetion  I  avoided  it:  had  it  suited  you  to  have 
come  up  I  think  in  the  way  of  Conversation  many  things  might  have 
been  disctissd  that  doe  not  ocur  in  writing  at  least  I  think  so  because  I 
hate  writing  above  all  things  of  late. 

I  would  wish  to  speak  so  as  to  be  understood  as  that  is  the  end  of  all 
transacting  of  business.  Clear  and  precise  yet  to  avoid  positiveness  or 
peremptoriness :  The  point  at  present  I  take  it  is  the  Sale  of  the  Myo- 
mensine  Lot  to  the  payment  of  Dr  Graemes  Debts. 

You  will  I  apprehend  join  with  me  in  al owing  that  it  was  the  Clear 
purport  of  the  Will  that  it  Should  goe  for  that  use,  therefore  I  am 
ready  and  desirous  to  take  any  Steps  or  Sign  any  papers  that  Shall 
expediate  the  Sale  of  it:  for  I  want  that  afair  of  Mr  Mccalls  Bond 
settled  as  soon  as  possible:  I  have  never  applyd  to  any  of  the  Executors 
to  doe  any  thing  but  you  and  Mr  C  Stedman.  I  have'recepts  to  show 
that  I  have  Since  I  have  been  up  here  paid  upwards  of  two  hundred  £ 
inculding  the  House  Rent  in  Town.  All  is  now  paid  of:  And  I  have 
not  receivd  But  three  hundred  and  27  £  Cash  I  doe  not  mean  this  by 
way  of  making  any  Complaint;  only  as  you  being  my  friend  to  inform 
you  the  State  of  my  afairs.  John  Jinny  is  not  at  present  to  be  Con- 


390         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

siderd  as  A  Coachman  He  and  Andrew  have  been  the  whole  winter 
employd  in  keepind  up  the  fences  which  in  such  a  range  of  Ground  is  a 
perpetual  work.  I  keep  no  family  at  the  long  house  at  all:  I  have 
got  All  my  people  into  their  quarters  over  here  Yet,  without  any  of 
those  expences  that  may  be  termd  indulgences  to  my  Self  My  family  is 
[torn] 

Old  Joseph  I  must  take  Care  of  Papa  desird  he  always  might;  Then 
there  is  Andrew  Bodin  who  used  to  doe  nothing  But  Gardin  25  £. 
John  Jinny  30  £  Sam  10  £  two  Maids  20  £  As  to  the  Crop  in  the  Ground 
I  intend  to  be  at  the  expence  of  harvesting  it  my  Self;  as  I  am  told  by 
my  neighbors  it  will  be  a  great  loss  to  sell  it  on  the  Ground.  Every 
thing  is  apraizd  high  the  personal  Estate  is  swelld  out  much  above  its 
real  Value  As  for  MP  Young  I  hold  the  Whole  of  his  Conduct  in  such 
Contempt  that  I  shall  not  trouble  my  self  to  speak  about  him;  only 
that  I  am  well  rid  of  him.  I  have  never  yet  been  informd  whether  My 
Letter  was  diliverd  to  A.  Stednaan. 

As  to  the  afair  of  the  Joint  Bond  I  am  very  Willing  to  Submit  it  to 
the  determination  of  Sensible  impartial  Judges;  if  it  is  agreeable  to  Mr 
Stedman  whom  I  should  be  very  Sorry  to  Differ  with. 

Of  all  the  little  Debts  Due  to  my  father  in  Town  I  have  never  re- 
ceivd  a  Copper;  Yet  in  my  transactions  people  expect  Money  of  Me; 
For  the  Millar  here  would  not  let  an  Acount  run  on  for  Bread  for  my 
family  he  told  me  and  he  could  not  Support  his  Mill  without  Cash:  I 
owe  nothing  here  at  all  at  present  Mr  Young  paid  no  body  that  he 
could  avoid:  so  I  have  all  this  load  My  father  to  be  Sure  must  have 
been  very  ignorant  of  the  State  of  his  affairs  or  would  he  have  talked 
in  his  Will  of  a  Lot  of  Three  hundred  £  paying  all  his  Debts  and  the 
risidue  being  divided.  When  his  Debts  (exclusive  of  the  joint  Bond) 
Amount  to  fourteen  hundrd  pound. 

As  to  my  Health  in  the  fall  and  Winter  I  was  quite  well  but  have 
had  a  fever  more  or  less  this  ten  Days  the  Spring  allways  tears  my 
Constitution'  to  pieces :  Remember  me  affectionatly  to  My  dead  (  ? ) 
Friends  Dr  Redmans  family  And  believe  me  to  be  with  the  utmost 
Esteem 

Your  Obligd  Friend 

Eliza  Fergusson 

John  Young  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Philad*  July  !•*  1775. 
Dear  Madam, 

I  beg  you  will  return  my  Compliments  to  Mp  Fergusson,  and  tell  him 
I  am  extreemly  obliged  to  him  for  his  Present  of  the  Book,  which  1 
accept  with  Pleasure,  although  I  had  purchased  one  of  them  just  before 
1  reciev'd  your  agreeable  Note,  and  (not  having  Occason  for  two)  would 
have  declined  accepting  it  had  I  not  been  afraid  of  offending  him  by  a 
Refusal;  but  whether  I  accepted  it  or  not  I  would  be  equally  sensible 
of  his  Kindness  in  offering  it.  [torn]  universally  read  &  admired  by 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme.        391 

[torn]  here,  for  it  seems  particularly  adap  [torn]  which  I  suppose  will 
be  almost  wholy  [torn]  though  by  the  by,  the  late  Action  at  Cha" 
Town  [torn].  I  cannot  help  saying  I  am  sorry  we  are  come  to  an 
open  War,  and  that  there  is  no  Prospect  of  Peace:  it  might  have  been 
prophetically  said  of  the  first  late  Battle  (at  Lexinton)  "O  curst 
Essay  of  Arms,  disastrous  Doom,  Prelude  of  bloody  Fields  &  Fights 
to  come."  But  you  say  "the  present  Gloom  is  only  of  the  April  Kind" 
if  so,  I  sincerely  wish  the  Autumn  was  arriv'd,  that  we  may  gather  in 
the  Fruits  of  our  glorious  Toils:  but  as  the  Laurel  is  an  Evergreen  we 
may  obtain  it  at  all  Seasons;  &  I  dare  engage  our  noble  General  will 
soon  nod  under  a  whole  Grove  of  it.  I  think  it  is  happy  for  America 
that  the  Person  promoted  to  that  high  Dignity  has  allways  borne  the 
Character  of  a  Man  of  Honour,  &  is  remarcable  for  his  Honesty  & 
Integrity;  for  he  certainly  has  it  as  much  in  his  Power  to  raise  himself 
on  the  Ruins  of  his  Country  as  old  Oliver  had.  Has  G.  Gages  Proclama- 
tion made  any  Proselytes  in  your  Part  of  the  Country,  or  do  the  People 
still  remain  Americans?  So  far  from  its  having  any  Effect  here,  [torn] 
fuller  than  since  it  was  published  [torn]  Young-Fellows  of  my  Ac- 
quaintance [torn]  (as  Volunteers)  to  the  Camp  at  Cambridge,  [torn] 
Departer :  happy  they !  had  Heaven  bless'd  me  [torn]  sufficient  to  main- 
tain the  Charater  of  a  Gentleman  Volunteer,  I  would  follow  them  imme- 
diately. I  allways  had  a  Desire  for  a  Military  Life,  but  never  more 
than  now,  since  I  have  had  a  small  Specimen  of  it.  I  am  just  now  going 
to  the  Parade  &  have  not  Time  to  say  any  more,  but  must  take  another 
Opportunity  to  tell  you  affectionately 

I  am  Yours  &c. 

John  Young. 


Elizabeth  Fergusson  to  General  Anthony  Wayne. 

Graeme  Park  August  25,  1777. 
Sir 

The  Bearer  of  this  my  Overseer  comes  about  a  little  Affair,  which 
tho'  it  does  not  fall  I  believe  immediatly  under  your  Department  yet 
1  should  be  much  oblig'd  to  you  Sir  to  look  into.  In  Brief  the  Matter 
is  as  follows:  Two  Sutlers  in  the  Rear  of  your  Division,  intic'd  my 
Slave  with  them:  with  my  Waggon  and  two  very  fine  Oxen:  it  was 
without  my  knowledge,  or  My  Overseers:  The  heat  of  the  Weather,  and 
the  Violent  manner  the  poor  Beasts  were  drove,  Occasiond  one  of  them 
to  drop  down  dead  four  Miles  from  hence:  I  should  be  glad  Sir  to  be 
informd  whether  the  publick  in  such  a  Case  does  not  make  Restitution 
to  the  injurd  party;  And  if  it  does  who  I  am  to  apply  'to;  And  whether 
My  servant  cannot  have  it  finally  Settled,  as  the  distance  the  Army  is 
from  me  renders  it  very  inconvenient  to  spare  my  Overseer  to  go  again; 
And  I  have  no  Other  person  to  send. 

I  hope  Sir  you  will  Excuse  my  Adressing  you  on  this  Occasion;  As  I 
am  totaly  ignorant  as  to  the  Mode  obprov'd  in  Military  affairs. 


392         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grame. 

I  neither  want  nor  Expect  anything  but  what  is  usually  granted  on 

Similar  Cases;  and  I  am  sure  that  wi'll  be  chearfully  allowed  me;  The 

Steer  is  Valued  by  two  farmers  And  the  Servant  brings  the  apraisment. 

I  assure  you  we  look  quite  Solitary  at  Gr  Park  after  the  departure 

of  so  large  a  family  as  was  here,  and  in  the  Environs. 

The  part  that  Occupyd  my  house  (without  a  Compliment)  was  too 
agreeable  not  to  be  Misst  by  Miss  Stedman  And  your 

Most  Obedient  humble  Servant 

Elizabeth  Fergusson 

General  Anthony  Wayne  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson. 

Camp  near  the  Falls.  14th  Septp  1777. 
Dear  Madam 

I  should  have  done  myself  the  pleasure  of  Acknowledging  your  favour 
of  the — ultimo  long  since  were  it  not  for  the  busy  scenes  then  Opening 
and  the  hurry  ever  Incident  to  the  eve  of  Battle,  this  I  hope  will  in 
some  Degree  exculpate  me  from  a  Charge  of  Neglect  which  would  Other- 
wise be  Inexcusible. 

the  kind  Reception  I  met  with  under  your  hospital  Roof  and  the  easy 
politeness  of  Mrs  Fergusson  and  Miss  Stedman  1  shall  always  Remember 
with  pleasure  and  hope  at  one  day  to  have  it  my  power  to  repay  some 
of  those  favours. 

I  am  happy  to  Inform  you  that  I  am  not  Wounded — but  I  have  lost 
some  Officers  whose  friendship  I  much  Esteemed — and  whose  Glorious 
Death  is  Rather  to  be  Envied  than  Regreted. 

the  Right  wing  of  Our  Army  met  with  a  Misfortune,  but  our  left  in 
Return  gave  a  timely  check  to  the  Right  wing  of  Gen1  Howe  which  has 
Obliged  him  to  Remain  on  the  Spot  ever  since  fully  Employed  in  taking 
care  of  his  wounded  and  Burrying  his  Dead. 

The  Villian  who  pressed  your  Cattle  is  at  Carlile.  I  shall  take  care 
to  take  hold  of  him  as  soon  as  he  Returns 

Present  my  best  Compliments  to  Miss  Steadman  and  Mr  Young  and 
believe  me  yours  Most 

Sincerly 

Ant*  Wayne 

Elizabeth  Fergusson  to  General  Anthony  Wayne. 

Graeme-park  September  16.  1777. 
Sir 

Haveing  occasion  to  write  a  few  lines  to  Mr  Bodonot,  I  cannot  let  My 
servant  be  near  General  Wayne  without  assureing  him  that  it  gave  me 
real  Satisfaction  to  receive  a  letter  from  him,  after  the  imminent  Danger 
he  had  been  in  so  lately  At  Wilmington;  And  altho'  I  am  truly  sorry 
for  the  loss  of  those  Gentlemen  you  mention  that  fell;  I  would  rather 
receive  that  account  of  them  from  you,  than  they  should  have  given  such 
a  one  of  you: 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         393 

I  am  much  Obliged  to  you  for  saying  that  the  time  you  passd  at  My 
House  was  not  Dissagreable  to  you;  And  rest  assurd  Sir  that  if  in  the 
Hurry  of  your  first  comeing,  any  thing  might  have  Occurd  that  you 
could  have  wishd  Otherwise;  nothing  was  intended.  I  wish  the  general 
Cause  of  America  most  Sincerly  well;  and  Since  I  have  have  been  favord 
with  the  Acquaintance  of  General  Wayne  I  am  particularly  interested 
in  his  Safety;  I  hope  if  opportunity  offers,  he  will  pop  on  Graeme-Park; 
which  will  be  the  most  Convincing  proof  he  can  give  me  that  he  liked 
his  quarters;  I  will  own  I  should  prefer  seeing  him  without  quite  as 
large  a  Retinue  as  composd  his  train  when  he  was  last  here. 

Mrs  Smith,  Miss  Stedman,  And  Mr  Young  Beg  their  best  respects  to 
be  made  Acceptable  to  you  Sir.  If  my  Servant  Should  meet  with  any 
Dificulty  in  getting  to  Head-Quarters  I  Should  be  Obliged  to  you  to  put 
him  in  the  best  Mode;  and  also  if  you  could  get  him  a  pass  to  go  to 
Philadelphia  for  A  Load  of  furniture  that  I  am  axious  to  have  up  of 
M™  Smiths;  the  Waggon  will  go  loadend  with  Hay;  But  perhaps  this 
request  is  out  of  your  Line  and  to  give  you  any  particular  trouble  is 
far  from  the  Intention  of  Sir 

your  most  Obedient  humble  Servant 

E.  Fergusson 


Henry  Hugh  Fergusson  to  Elias  Boudinot. 

I  am  very  sorry  Sir  that  I  could  not  get  out  soon  enough  to  meet  you, 
and  I  regret  much  having  missd  that  satisfaction.  Cap*  Smith  will  inform 
you  that  necessity  obliges  me  to  make  use  of  the  present  materials  for 
writing  being  the  only  ones  to  be  got,  which  must  plead  my  apology  for 
their  being  so  indifferent.  The  substance  of  our  conversation  yesterday 
has  been  communicated  to  General  Howe,  who  seems  surprized  at  not 
receiving  a  particular  return  of  the  British  Prisoners.  It  was  also 
mentioned  to  me  that  he  had  every  reason  to  expect  it  from  the  letter 
he  lately  received  from  General  Washington.  The  paper  you  handed  me 
containing  a  list  of  our  Prisoners  with  you  is  so  far  from  being  exact, 
that  by  the  returns  it  appears  that  not  much  more  than  half  the  number 
are  in  captivity.  So  soon  Sir  as  you  send  in  a  particular  return  of  the 
officers  and  Privates  with  the  different  places  of  their  confinement,  an 
exact  one  shall  be  sent  of  your  Prisoners  with  us.  When  this  is  done 
means  will  be  taken  to  supply  our  Prisoners  with  what  necessaries  they 
may  want,  and  permission  will  be  given  to  you  to  send  in  Cloathing  to 
yours;  but  General  Howe  does  not  think  fit  to  allow  them  to  be  pur- 
chased in  Philadelphia  Neither  can  he  admit  your  Officers  on  Parole 
until  the  return  before  spoken  of  is  transmitted.  I -remain  most  re- 
spectfully 

Sir 

Your  most  ob*  and  very  hble  S*. 
At  Mrs  Taylors  2nd  Decr  1777.  H.  Hugh  Fergusson 


394        Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme. 

Henry  Hugh  Fergusson  to  Elias  Boudinot. 

Philadelphia  2d  Jan*  1778 
Sir 

About  ten  days  ago  I  sent  by  a  Flag  of  Truce  a  Summons  to  Colonel 
Samuel  Miles  (a  prisoner  of  war  to  the  Kings  army  and  at  present  on 
Parole)  to  surrender  himself  immediately  at  Head  Quarters  in  Phila- 
delphia; but  as  he  has  not  yet  made  his  appearance  here,  I  am  apt  to 
think  by  some  neglect  or  other  the  Summons  has  not  been  regularly  for- 
warded. 

To  prevent  any  mistake  in  future  I  inclose  a  second  Summons  under 
cover  to  you  requesting  that  it  may  be  speedily  delivered. 

Sir  William  Howe  is  desirous  to  exchange  George  Lush  of  German- 
town  for  Christopher  Sower  Junr.  Should  General  Washington  agree 
to  this  proposal  on  your  giving  me  notice  of  it  I  shall  immediately 
release  G«orge  Lush. 

You  have  already  been  so  fully  informed  of  the  distresses  of  th« 
American  Prisoners  for  want  of  cloathing  that  I  think  it  almost  needless 
to  say  anything  more  on  the  Subject.  I  can  only  lament  the  miserable 
situation  of  these  unfortunate  people,  and  regret  to  see  them  so  much 
neglected  by  those  whose  business  it  is  to  supply  them  with  necessaries. 
I  am  Sir 

Your  most  ob*  and  very  h:  S* 

H.  Hugh  Fergusson 
Cy.  Prs 

Henry  Hugh  Fergusson  to  Elias  Boudinot. 

Philad-  6th  March  1778 
Sir 

In  answer  to  yours  of  the  2d  Instant  I  am  desired  to  acquaint  you 
that  Sir  William  Howe  only  waits  the  arrival  of  our  Officers  in  Phila- 
delphia to  order  yours  to  be  sent  out  His  Excellency  also  has  no  objec- 
tion to  General  Lee's  coming  by  Land  from  N:  York  in  Company  with 
Mr  Loring  and  Major  Williams.  A  Lieutenant  Colonel  will  be  given 
in  Exchange  for  Lieutenant  Colonel  Conolly  and  the  Commander  in 
Chief  is  willing  that  Colonel  Swope  be  returned  for  Governor  Franklin. 

I  inclose  you  an  open  Letter  to  be  forwarded  to  Mr  Loring  and  I 
have  to  request  the  Exchange  of  M*  Weir  Surgeon  to  the  Hospital  of 
General  Burgoyne's  Army  for  any  of  your  Surgeons  Prisoners  here  or 
at  New  York.  I  am  Sir 

Your  most  obed  hble  Serv* 

H.  H.  Fergusson. 

A  Sergeant  of  yours  shall  be  exchanged  for  a  Sergeant  of  the  40th 
sent  in. 

Pass  signed  by  Henry  Hugh  Fergusson. 

This  is  to  certify  that  the  Bearer  Capt.  William  Nickols  a  British 
prisoner  to  the  Enemy  who  had  Liberty  to  come  in  upon  his  Parole  but 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grczme.         395 

is  now  ordered  out  has  the  Commander  in  Chiefs  permission  to  pass  to 
the  Country  with  a  Horse  and  chaise  and  a  conductor. 

Philada  6th  April  1778 

H.  H.  Fergusson 

Corn*  Prisoners 
To  whom  it  may  | 
concern  j 

Wm  Nickols  was  captain  of  the  Eagle  packet 

Henry  Hugh  Fergusson  to  Thomas  Bradford. 

Philad"  12th  Aprile 

1778 
Sir 

I  am  directed  to  acquaint  you,  that  on  your  sending  in  an  Account 
of  the  quantity  of  flour  wanted  to  be  sent  at  present  to  the  Prisoners, 
the  Names  of  the  Persons  who  are  to  navigate  the  Shallops  with  the 
place  they  come  from  Permission  will  be  granted  them  to  proceed  to 
this  City  I  am  Sir 

Your  most  obed*  Serv* 

H.  H.  Fergusson 

Memorial  of  Elizabeth  Fergusson  to  the  Supreme 
Executive  Council. 

Copy  of  The  Memorial  Sent  in  to  the  Supream  Executive  Council  by 
M"  Fergusson  June  24  1778. 

Having  had  the  unhappiness  of  seeing  my  Dear  Husband  Mp  Henry 
Fergusson's  name  among  the  proscribd  in  the  Lancaster  paper  of  May 
13;  It  appears  to  me,  to  be  my  Duty  to  touch  upon  a  few  Simple  Facts 
Relative  to  Mp  Fergussons  Conduct,  and  to  present  them  to  the  Observa- 
tion of  the  Supream  Executive  Council  Who  I  humbly  hope  will  pay 
some  attention  to  the  Peculiarity  of  my  Situation,  This  I  am  the  more 
readily  induc'd  to  hope,  as  in  all  Cases  of  Error  Both  of  a  public  and 
private  Nature ;  Discrimination  seems  to  be  the  language  of  Good  Policy, 
Good  Sense,  and  Good 'Nature. 

Mr  Fergusson  left  his  own  House  in  Septem1"  1775,  and  Sailed  in  a 
Merchant  Man  for  Bristol;  His  Business  was  entierly  of  a  Domestic 
Nature,  in  order  to  Settle  some  affairs  with  his  Brother  in  North- 
Britain. 

The  Commotion  of  the  Public  increased  so  Rapidly  from  that  Period 
of  time,  That  I  tho'  warmly  Attatcd  to  the  American.  Cause,  wrote  to 
M*  Fergusson  from  time  to  time  to  pertract  His  Stay  in  Britain;  hope- 
ing  some  Calmer  state  would  take  place,  But  when  the  Petition  M' 
Richard  Penn  carried  from  hence  (to  the  Throne  of  our  at  that  time 
Sovereign)  was  Despisd  and  Rejected;  It  was  plain  to  see  that  nothing 
but  the  Sword  would  Decide  our  Greivances,  Still  As  a  wife  it  was 


396         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

natural  for  me  to  wish  my  husbands  absence  at  so  Critacal  a  juntor 
of  time,  and  all  my  Letters  breathd  that  Sentiment  uniformly. 

In  the  Month  of  March  1777  Mr  Fergusson  Embarkd  from  Britain  to 
Jamaica,  where  he  remaind  a  Month  And  from  thence  took  Shipping 
for  New  York  where  he  arivd  the  Eve  preceeding  the  Sailing  of  Lord 
Howes  Fleet,  He  anxious  to  get  Home  to  his  Farm  after  so  long  an 
Absence,  consulted  some  of  His  Friends  in  york  which  would  be  the 
most  Eligible  Method  to  Effect  it;  In  Consequence  of  which  they  Advisd 
him  to  go  on  Board  the  Fleet,  which  he  did;  He  came  by  Land  from 
the  Head  of  Ellk  to  Brandywine,  From  whence  he  purposd  Crossing 
over  to  his  own  house;  But  on  Enquiry  he  found  that  was  impractac- 
able,  He  being  renderd  too  Equivicol  in  his  Political  Character  To  pass 
through  the  Country  with  Safety. 

I  never  knew  till  the  25  of  Sep*  the  Day  preceeding  the  Enemies 
entering  the  Capital;  That  he  was  in  any  part  of  America,  Then  a  Letter 
was  brought  me  by  an  unknown  hand  from  him  Desiring  me  to  meet 
him  in  Philadelphia;  the  next  Day.  For  the  truth  of  this  Circum- 
stance I  can  apeal  to  the  Vice  president  of  the  Supream  Council,  who  hap- 
pend  to  be  at  that  time  on  a  Visit  to  some  of  his  Friends  at  my  House; 
and  to  whom  I  shewd  Mp  Fergussons"  Letter 

The  Day  following  I  met  Mr  Fergusson  at  Germ  an  town  As  I  could 
not  bear  to  see  the  British  Troops  in  Possession  of  the  Capital;  and  all 
the  joy  of  Seeing  my  Husband  tho  a  thing  I  had  long  ardently  Wishd 
for ;  was  dampd  and  blasted  by  the  mode  of  his  return. 

the  Epistolary  way  in  a  Careless  Style,  fearless  of  the  Eye  of  Censure 
or  Severe  Examination. 

If  the  Above  Recital  should  contain  any  Anecdote  that  may  fling  a 
new  light  on  my  Situation,  and  have  a  tendency  to  Relaxation  in  the 
present  Case;  the  Obligation  will  be  felt  with  an  ingenious  and  Sensible 
Heart :  If  on  the  other  hand  nothing  should  be  here  flung  out  that  your 
Honors  should  see  suficient  to  prevent  Mp  Fergussons  Estate  from 
Confiscation;  I  must  Submit;  and  look  on  it  as  my  Duty  Cheerfully  to 
bear  a  link  of  the  Chain  of  Calamities  incident  to  a  Civil  War  making 
no  doubt  but  in  either  Case;  justice,  and  Candor  will  preside  in  your 
Councils ;  under  the  full  force  of  this  Idea  I  beg  leave  to  Conclude  my  self 

Subscribe 

Your  Most  Obedient 

E.  Fr.2« 


Claim  of  Elizabeth  Fergusson  to  the  Justices 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania. 

To  the  Honourable  justices  of  the  Supream  Court  of  the  Common 
Wealth  of  Pennsylvania. 

28  The  above  Petion  was  presented  to  the  Council  on  the  Day  Mr  Henry 
Fergusson  was  Cited  to  appeard  before  them  24  of  June  1778. 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         397 

The  Claim  of  Elizabeth  Fergusson  of  the  County  of  Philadelphia 
Gentlewoman  Most  humbly  sheweth. 

That  your  Claimant  was  Seizd  in  her  Demesne,  on  of  Fee  simple 
of  Land  in  a  Considerable  Real  Estate;  Situate  in  the  County  of  Phila- 
delphia, aforesaid,  calld  Grseme-Park;  and  being  so  intermarried  with 
a  Certain  Henry  Hugh  Fergusson  late  of  the  said  County  Gentleman, 
who  has  been  lately  atainted  of  high  Treason,  by  Virtue  of  a  Proclama- 
tion of  the  Supream  Executive  Council,  of  this  Common  Wealth  issued 
in  Persuance  of  an  Act  of  General  Assembly  in  such  Cases  made  and 
provided;  your  Claimant  hath  never  had  any  Child  by  her  said  Hus- 
band; and  therefore  his  Estate  in  the  Premisses  is  only  for  the  joint 
Lives  of  Him  and  your  Claimat.  That  her  said  Husband  hath  no  other 
real  Estate  in  Pennsylvania  than  in  Right  of  your  Claimant  and  for 
Life  as  aforesaid  And  that  she  is  advisd  the  Agents  for  forfeited  Lands 
in  said  County  of  Philadelphia  intend  soon  to  advertise  and  sell  at 
Public  Auction;  her  said  Inheritance  as  the  Estate  of  her  said  Husband. 

Your  Claimant  therefore  prays  your  Honor  would  be  pleasd  to  take 
the  Premisses  into  Consideration;  and  by  a  Decree  of  Court  Establish 
and  Confirm  the  Title  of  your  Claimant;  And  also  Ascertain  the 
Particular  Estate  of  her  said  Husband  so  that  no  greater  interest  in 
the  Premisses  may  be  sold  than  of  Right  belongs  to  Him,  and  your 
Claimat  be  thereby  Relievd  from  any  future  trouble,  and  Disquititude 
concerning  the  Same 

And  your  Claimant  will 

pray" 
August  16  1779. 

To  the  judges. 

Elizabeth  Fergusson  to  John  Bayard. 

To  the  Honourable,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Assembly  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  Pennsylvania.  Septem'  4,  1779 
Sir 

The  Petition,  which  I  the  Subscriber  humbly  presented  in  Person  to 
the  Honourable  House  in  the  month  of  February,  last  past,  having  been 
laid  asside  to  another  Sessions,  and  the  House  being  not  met,  I  beg 
leave  to  hope  that  it  may  be  Reviv'd,  and  I  still  trust  that  the  House 
will  take  the  peculiarity  of  my  Situation  into  their  Consideration,  and 
in  their  great  Cander  and  Clemency  will  cause  a  Stop  to  be  put  to  the 
Sale  of  Graeme  Park  which  the  Agents  for  Philadelphia  County,  have 

29  The  aforesaid  Remonstrance  was  drawn  up  by  a  Lawyer,  all  the 
Others  were  my  own  Dictating. 

E.  Fergusson 

The  aforesaid  Remonstrance  was  Sent  in  By  me  with  a  Letter  to  the 
Honorable  Thomas  Mccean  [McKean]  Chief  Justice  of  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania 

E.  Fr. 


398        Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

orders  to  Sell  on  a  forfeited  Estate;  and  are  immediatly  proceeding 
There  unto ;  unless  those  in  power  will  step  forth  and  interfere  in  behalf 
of  the  Petioner. 

The  most  material  points  were  allegd  in  the  Petition  aforesaid;  but 
as  Business  of  much  more  Consequence  to  the  Public  mind  have  occurd 
than  the  Relief  of  an  Insignificant  Individual,  I  shall  briefly  touch  upon 
the  Heads  of  that  Petition,  which  was  presented;  and  in  so  doing  Hope 
that  It  will  not  be  construed  an  impertinent  peice  of  Tautoligy,  when 
it  really  arisses  from  a  Belief  that  my  affairs  are  not  of  Consequence 
sufficient  to  hold  a  place  in  the  memory  of  the  Honorable  House,  to 
which  they  are  Referd. 

First  The  Estate  in  question  is  a  Patrimonial  one  not  made  over  and 
Consequentialy  the  Fee  Simple  Vested  in  me. 

Secondly  as  I  have  no  Child  it  can  only  (if  sold  at  all)  be  put  up 
during  the  joint  lives  of  M*  Fergusson,  and  myself,  and  I  should  think 
would  sell  but  for  little  to  the  State  when  taken  into  the  Scale  that  one 
of  the  Parties  is  a  Female,  in  an  Indiferent  State  of  Health;  betwixt 
forty  and  fifty  years  of  age. 

Thirdly  M*  Fergusson  having  left  this  state  ten  months  before  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  And  absent  at  the  Time,  and  again  after- 
wards; Could  not  be  deemed  in  the  Eye  of  the  Law  a  Tray  tor  Tho  He 
is  proscribd  under  that  Predicament:  in  consequence  of  which  Pro- 
scription, His  Personal  Estate  was  all  Seizd  and  Sold  last  October,  This 
Plea  I  am  encouragd  to  dwell  upon  by  Gentlemen  learned  in  the  Law, 
who  judge  Mp  Fergusson  can  not  be  amenable  to  this  State  as  he  is  not 
Regularly  a  Subject. 

I  could  here  enumerate  a  list  of  Names  of  Gentlemen  in,  and  of 
Britain,  that  now  hold  landed  Property  here,  which  have  never  been 
Seizd,  some  of  whom  are  at  this  time  acting  in  the  Military  Line,  Mr 
Fergusson  holds  no  Office  at  present  under  the  King  of  Britain,  and  the 
transient  one  he  filld  during  his  stay  in  the  City,  I  was  in  hopes  had  not 
been  of  a  Nature  to  have  drawn  down  Ruine  on  me;  as  I  am  sure  in  his 
Deportment  he  was  not  among  the  Number  of  them  who  add  Sorrow  to 
the  Afflicted. 


Elizabeth  Fergiisson  to  John  Dickinson. 

Graeme  park  Sept  10  1779 
Sir 

A  painfull  period  in  some  Respects  to  both  of  us  has  Rolld  round 
Since  I  had  the  honor  to  adress  you,  either  in  Person  or  by  Letter,  The 
last  time  I  saw  you  was  in  the  beginning  of  December  7'6  in  your  own 
house;  at  Fair-Hill;  Poor  Fair  Hill!  there  it  stands  as  a  Monument 
of  low  Motives  of  British  Soldiers;  But  if  I  begin  thus;  I  shall  never 
come  to  the  Point  which  leads  me  at  this  time  to  Trouble  you,  Without 
trying  you  Sir  with  a  long  preamble  it  is  finaly  to  beg  your  Interest 
with  the  Members  of  the  House  provided  you  think  there  is  any  thing 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme.         399 

in  My  Situation,  that  places  me  in  a  diferent  Line  from  the  Bulk  of 
the  Wives  of  the  unfortunate  proscribe!. 

If  you  do  not  I  am  sure  aiming  at  saying  any  thing  to  touch  your 
humanity  would  be  unkind;  As  it  would  only  Distress  you  to  Refuse 
me;  And  if  on  Reading  the  inclos'd  Papers  you  think  I  am  worthy 
of  Discrimination  your  love  of  justice,  and  kindness  will  lead  you  to 
say  something  in  my  behalf:  The  Petion  which  I  refer  to  in  my  Letter 
to  the  Speaker  of  the  House;  Contains  a  much  More  Circumstantial 
account  of  the  Proceedings  of  my  afairs  than  the  inclosd  And  I  hope 
the  Letter  inclosd  wrote  by  the  Commissary  of  Prisoners  Col.  Budonot; 
and  adressd  to  a  worthy  Member  of  the  House;  will  show  his  Propriety 
of  Conduct  in  His  Limited  Power. 

In  the  last  place  may  I  be  allowd  to  touch  on  my  own  Conduct  since 
this  unhappy  Contest,  I  have  for  my  own  part  Constantly  remaind  on 
the  Premisses;  earnestly  praying  for  Peace  But  if  the  Sword  must 
decide  our  Fates,  Sincerly  wishing  it  might  be  on  the  Side  of  America; 
which  in  my  short  View  of  things  I  lookd  on  to  be  the  Injurd  Party. 

I  never  went  into  the  City  while  the  Britsh  were  There  without  a 
Pass,  I  had  no  Acquaintance  with  the  Military  Gentlemen,  and  my  stay 
but  very  short;  I  returnd  And  Spent  my  days  with  one  Female  friend 
In  Silence  and  Solitude. 

At  the  time  Mr  Fergusson  took  the  Department  of  Commissary  of 
Prisoners,  I  wrote  to  Him;  and  to  two  Gentlemen  of  His  acquaintance 
to  endeavor  to  diswade  him  from  Acting  in  any  Shape  under  General 
Howe,  These  Letters  could  be  producd  did  the  showing  them  answer 
any  Valuable  Purpose,  The  Seizing  the  Personal  Estate  and  the  Rise 
of  all  the  Articles  of  Life  have  renderd  my  affairs  so  Embarassd  that 
if  I  am  not  Speedily  Redressd;  Want  and  Distress  must  compose  the 
Remaining  part  of  the  Days  of  your  Petioner  dr  sr  E  Fr. 

I  in  June  1778  presented  a  memorial  to  the  Supreme  Executive 
Council;  but  nothing  was  done,  and  I  have  been  much  Embarass'd  at 
this  time  whether  it  was  best  to  have  petion'd  them  or  the  Assembly. 
But  I  chose  the  latter  as  I  think  any  thing  they  Enact  must  be  a  more 
Radicale  Mode  of  Redress  than  any  other  Powers  of  Goverment. 

Dear  Sir,  I  enter  most  Confidentialy  into  what  I  say  to  you,  I  know 
your  honor,  and  your  goodness.  If  Mr  Fergusson  is  really  within  the 
Letter  of  the  Law;  I  make  no  doubt  but  I  shall  suffer  the  the  Full 
Penalties  in  my  fortune. 

The  Jewish  Proverb  is  here  fully  verified  "The  Parents  have  Eaten 
Sour  Grapes  And  the  Childrens  Teeth  are  set  on  Edge."  Believe  me 
Sir,  I  would  not  Deceive  you,  I  was  ever  on  the  Side  of  my  Country, 
The  Dislike  I  mention  now  to  Mr  Fergussons  taking  a  part  under  Gen 
Howe  is  not  an  Ostensible  Character,  held  out  to  answer  certain  Pur- 
poses. The  Winter  the  British  passed  in  Philadelphia  was  the  most 
Compleatly  miserable  I  ever  passd  in  my  Life,  I  should  prefer  Annihili- 
cation  to  a  Repetion  of  it;  just  to  touch  upon  it,  so  Embarassd  and 
Complicated  was  my  Distress,  my  husband  Soliciting  me  to  come  into 
the  City,  and  my  Country  Neighbors  thinking  that  We  had  knowledge 


400         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Graeme. 

of  a  hundred  things  that  we  knew  nothing  of;  and  Suspecting  every 
time  a  party  came  out  that  he  might  know  of  it,  and  I  foreseeing  that 
Ruin  must  be  the  Consequenc  of  his  Attatchment  to  them  I  perpetually 
urging  him  the  little  time  I  was  with  him  to  Surrender  himself  up,  and 
He  pleading  Honor  and  Conscience,  I  hearing  of  the  Complicated  Dis- 
tress of  our  Prisoners  And  thinking  that  he  might  Still  do  more  for 
them  than  finaly  was  in  His  Power  to  accomplish  Upon  a  fair  Compari- 
son of  my  Situation,  Hard,  Cruel  hard  as  the  Seperation  is  yet  I  am 
more  Calm  and  Contented  than  at  that  time  I  believe  a  year  of  it 
Would  have  brought  me  to  my  Grave. 

If  you  think  it  worth  while  Sir  to  Exert  your  Influence  in  my  behalf; 
It  is  necesary  to  give  you  a  hint  that  I  already  stand  well  with  the  City 
Members ;  It  is  the  Back  County  Members  whose  Votes  I  am  not  Certain 
of  obtaining;  and  things  are  in  this  Dfelicate  Situation,  that  any  point 
made  by  a  Certain  Set,  would  tho  good  in  its  Self  meet  with  opposition, 
such  is  the  Effect  of  Parties,  and  Cabals;  But  all  these  things  you  know 
far  better  than  I  can  Suggest  them. 

Mr  lollard  a  Country  man,  my  Neighbor  and  a  plain  Sensible  Man, 
is  disposd  to  befriend  me,  I  remain  Sir  with  all  possible  Respect  your 
most  Obedient  humble 

Servant 

Elizabeth  Fergusson80 

Elizabeth  Fergusson  to  Robert  Loller.31 

Graeme  park  Octobr  27.  1779. 
Sir 

As  I  depend  upon  your  Friendship,  and  good  offices  Relative  to  my 
affairs,  I  was  in  hopes  to  have  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  you  before 
the  House  met,  but  as  the  time  is  expird  of  their  Vacancy;  I  drop  you 
a  line  in  Case  I  should  not  see  you. 

I  have  understood  the  Petion  I  presented  was  referd  to  this  House, 
but  not  Recomended  which  I  am  told  is  not  so  warm  as  if  the  latter 
term  had  been  made  use  of,  under  theis  Idea  I  humbly  aprehend  that 
some  little  adress  may  be  expected  from  me  to  the  new  House,  refer  ing 
the  Substance  of  my  Petion  to  former  petions  &c,  If  you  who  know 
much  better,  join  in  opinion  with  me,  you  will  be  good  enough  to 
forward  what  is  here  anexd:  either  in  its  present  form  or  mould  it 
into  any  fashion  that  May  appear  most  proper  to  Expidite  the  Business 
of  the  Petion. 

in  full  Confidence  of  your  Candor  and  good  Offices  I  remain  Sir 
your  most  Obligd  humble 

Serv* 

Elizabeth  Fergusson 

30 Mrs  Fergusson  has  endorsed  on  this  letter:  "Mr  Dickinson  politly 
answerd  this  Letter  but  assurd  me  he  had  no  Influence,  which  I  look 
on  as  a  genteel  way  of  declining  the  affair." 

81  Col.  Robert  Loller,  Member  of  Assembly. 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergussorij  nee  Grceme.         401 

Petition  of  Elizabeth  Fergusson  to  the  House 

of  Assembly,  October  27,  1779. 
To  the  House  of  Assembly. 

Whereas,  your  Petitioner  set  forth  her  hard  Situation  in  a  late 
Petion  to  the  former  honorable  House,  And  she  hath  been  informed  that 
the  Petion  aforesaid,  was  by  them  referd  to  the  Honorable  House  now 
Sitting;  She,  your  Petoner  most  Humbly  begs,  that  your  Honors  will  be 
pleasd  to  take  her  Case  into  Speedy  Consideration;  as  her  Embarass- 
ments  increase  every  day,  till  a  final  Decision  of  Her  Property  is  ascer- 
taind;  she  means  not  now  to  Recapitulate  her  manifold  Greivances', 
as  they  stand  fully  exhibited  in  two  former  Petions,  that  have  been 
presented  to  the  preeceding  honorable  House;  Namely  one  of  February, 
and  another  of  September  last  past,  she  knows  the  greatest  part  of  the 
Honorable  Members  has  heard  them  Read;  and  it  is  hoped  by  your 
Petioner  that  the  worthy  and  honorable  Members  Chosen  at  this  last 
Election  will  vouchsafe  to  Atend  to  the  points  there  alledgd  with  a 
favorable  Eye;  and  that  the  House  will  in  their  Candor  And  Clemency 
give  her  full  Power  over  her  own  Patrimonial  Property;  of  which  at 
this  time  she  has  no  Command;  And  your  Petioner  as  in  Duty  Bound 

shall  ever  pray 

Elizabeth  Fergusson 
Graeme  park 

October  27.  1779. 


Remonstrance  of  Elizabeth  Fergusson  to  the 
Supreme  Executive  Council. 

The  Humble  Remonstrance  of  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  of  the  Township 
of  Horsham  Sheweth 

Whereas,  the  Subscriber  hath  in  two  former  Petions,  one  bearing  Date 
of  February,  and  the  other  Septembr  1779;  To  the  honorable  house  of 
assembly;  set  forth  many  and  various  Reasons,  which  apeard  to  her 
good,  and  Cogent,  why  her  Estate  should  not  be  exposd  to  Sale  in  conse- 
quence of  her  Husbands  Right  by  mariage  in  the  Premises;  and  said 
petions  are  not  Rejected  by  the  honorable  house;  and  the  matter  still 
remains  in  a  State  of  Suspence;  The  Subscriber  humbly  hopes  the 
honorable  Supreme  Executive  Council  will  be  pleasd  to  prevent  the 
agents  of  the  County  aforesaid  putting  up  the  Estate  for  Sale;  while 
the  thing  is  in  this  undetermind  State  [torn]  in  so  doing  they  will 
greatly  Oblige  their  [torn] 

The  aforsaid  Remonstrance  was  Presented  to  the  Supream  Executive 
Council  and  is  I  believe  the  last  that  has  been  offrd.  E.  Fr. 

But  there  are  trivial  Circumstances  which  I  beg  pardon  for  troubling 
a  Collective  Body  with,  yet  as  my  Heart  is  interested  in  them  they 
naturaly  Drop  from  my  Pen. 

Mr  Fergusson  within  a  few  Days  after  his  Arival,  askd  Cap*  Macenzie 
Vor,  XXXIX.— 26 


402        Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

Secretary  to  General  Howe,  to  Solicit  the  Commander  in  Chief  for  leave 
for  him  to  Return  Home;  The  Answer  was,  "Mr  Fergusson  I  am  much 
Surpriz'd  at  your  making  such  a  Request  And  would  by  no  means  have 
you  push  it  as  it  will  by  no  means  be  granted." 

In  the  month  of  November  when  from  a  Combination  of  unhapy 
Causes;  our  Prisoners  Sustaind  most  Severe  hard  ships  Mr  Fergusson 
was  indued  from  a  principle  of  Humanity;  to  take  the  Office  of  Com- 
misry  as  a  temporary  afair  for  their  Relief;  But  I  think  he  told  me  he 
had  not  a  Regular  Commission  made  out;  Nor  did  he  take  the  Oaths 
Customary  on  those  Occasions;  How  far  he  filld  this  Department  to 
the  Satisfaction  of  My  unhappy  Countrymen  under  Confinement  I  leave 
them  to  Determine;  It  being  a  Matter  of  such  public  Notoriety,  that 
my  Simple  Assertion  would  avail  but  little  as  an  Individual;  and  could 
not  receive  any  force  By  the  Circumstance  of  my  being  Wife  to  the 
Gentleman  in  Question:  yet  I  hope  he  Exercised  the  limited  power  in 
his  Line  of  Duty,  in  a  way  that  will  aford  him  Comfort  before  a 
Tribunal  greater  than  any  that  presides  on  Earth.  The  Recollection 
of  this  is  the  only  Consolation  I  ever  Recevd  from  his  Accepting  the 
Employ. 

As  to  my  little  Estate  it  is  a  Patrimonial  one,  left  me  in  Fee  Simple 
by  My  Father;  The  Summit  of  my  unambitious  Wish  Is  to  remain 
unmolested  in  this  Retirmt  Which  tho'  it  Contains  a  Considerable  tract 
of  Ground,  yet  from  a  Combination  of  perplexing  Circumstances  yields 
me  but  a  Slender  Suport  with  Frugality.  I  never  for  the  Space  of  Nine 
months;  that  the  Enemy  were  in  the  City  came  to  make  a  Stay  of  more 
than  four  Days;  till  I  went  in  to  take  leave  of  my  husband;  And  then 
General  Washington  did  me  the  Honor  to  send  me  a  pass  unsolicited 
on  my  part,  but  gratfuly  RecevM;  in  consequence  of  an  intercepted 
Letter  From  my  Husband  who  begs  to  see  me  as  the  British  were  on 
the  move:  Allow  me  to  mention  one  thing  and  I  have  done,  my  Husband 
by  going  of  before  the  Declaration  of  Independency  and  being  about  at 
that  time  is  not  properly  a  Member  of  this  State,  and  tho  in  the 
Severe  Eye  of  the  Law  lie  may  be  Construed  an  Enemy,  he  is  not  a 
Traitor,  tho'  he  is  proscribd  under  that  Ignominous  Epithet  in  the 
Proscription  paper;  and  this  Idea  I  am  allowd  to  Suggest  by  some 
Gentlemen  honored  in  the  Law:  I  modestly  hint  it  and  leave  it  your 
Honors  for  further  Inspection. 

If  in  the  Course  of  this  little  narrative  I  may  have  advanced  any 
thing  foreign  to  the  point  in  hand;  and  omited  any  thing  that  was 
necesry  to  Observe;  It  is  hoped  the  worthy  and  Respectll  Members  who 
Compose  the  Council,  will  impute  it  to  the  ignorance  of  a  Female  whose 
line  of  Writing  has  been  Confind  Solely  to  Subjects  in  the  [the  balance 
of  this  Remonstrance  is  missing] . 

Elizabeth  Fergusson  to  Dr.  Thomas  ParJce. 

Mp»  Fergusson  presents  her  Respectfull  Compliments  to  Dr  Park,  and 
Returns  him  her  sincere  Acknowledgments  for  forwarding  her  a  Print 


Mrs.  Elisabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         403 

of  the  Worthy  Dr  Fothergill:  Dr  Park  will  very  considerably  add  to 
the  favor  already  Conferd,  if  he  Would  take  an  Early  and  Safe  oppor- 
tunity to  convey  the  Enclosed  to  Mp  J.  Barely  It  is  left  open  that  D* 
Park  May  see  there  is  nothing  improper  in  it. 

If  Dr  Park  thinks  a  ride  at  this  Season  of  the  year  pleasing  (as  the 
face  of  the  Country  is  very  fine)  M™  F.  will  be  very  happy  to  See  him 
at  G.  Park. 

May  the  27  1782 

Elizabeth  Fergusson  to  [Elias  Boudinot?] 

Graeme  park  March  the  6.  [178?] 
Dear  Sir 

Your  acceptable  favor  of  the  I8t  Instant  reach  me  (thro  the  Chanel 
of  Mp  Moland)  this  Morning:  And  an  opportunity  offering  to  the  City 
This  Evning,  I  take  my  pen  in  hand,  But  alass  what  Shall  I  Say,  I 
feel  Hurt,  fretted  and  disapointed  that  I  did  not  See  you,  hatefull  as 
comeing  to  town  is  to  me  at  this  time,  I  would  have  gon  Had  I  been 
Suite  of  Seing  you,  but  you  are  such  a  Bird  of  Passage  that  by  the 
time  I  had  got  There  you  had  perhaps  Emigrated  to  another  State. 

You  mention  my  Letter  to  you  left  With  Mr  Rawls;  but  I  wrote  to 
you  a  Latter  date  By  Mr  Stocton,  which  you  do  not  mention,  perhaps 
I  am  not  sanguine  enough  yet  ("tho'  you  say  that  when  you  read  the 
title  deed  in  the  Hands  of  Mr  T.  Fisher"  your  Idea  was  not  alterd  ) 
"yet  I  cannot  help  thinking  there  is  an  Air  (not  of  dispondency  I  will 
not  Call  it)  but  a  something  that  looks  not  So  Chearfull  as  in  Th« 
first  Letter  you  wrote  me,  But  yet  that  may  Be  my  Idea  only. 

"All  Things  look  yellow  to  the  Jaundicd  Eye." 

I  cant  bear  to  give  up  the  thoughts  of  seeing  you  to  so  distant  a 
period  as  January,  I  have  so  many  things  I  want  to  talk  over,  none  of 
which  seem  to  answer  in  a  Letter;  And  I  seem  rooted  to  this  place  as 
tho'  fonder  of  it  than  ever  whether  this  arises  from  Habit;  or  as  Dr 
Young  Says 

"For  Recovered  Roberies  Enhaunce  our  Gold"  From  the  dread  of  its 
being  torn  from  me,  tho  had  any  one  in  Equity  Claims  on  it,  I  Should 
have  no  joy  in  occupying  it,  at  any  rate  I  am  so  worn  out  with  Suspense 
I  wish  I  knew  my  fate. 

I  knew  you  had  been  in  town  for  Mr  Oaky  [Okely]  of  Beth'em  past  a 
night  here  last  week,  I  am  on  a  familiar  footing  with  Him;  I  allways 
found  Him  a  friendly  Humane  man,  But  tho'  I  had  seen  Him  three 
times  at  this  House  Since  This  afair  has  been  on  the  Tapis,  yet  I  never 
Hinted  it  to  Him  till  now  and  I  will  tell  you  How  it  Came  about  I 
did  so,  He  Congratulatd  me  on  your  Friendship,  for  resumd  He,  "Mr 
T.  Fisher  shewd  me  a  Letter  from  Mr  Budinot  that  you  were  the  prin- 
cipal Theme  (I  believe  instead  of  shewd  he  Said  read)  "And  I  never 
saw  A  Letter  that  spoke  more  genuine  friendship."  Upon  This  (I  had 
no  Idea  but  he  must  have  known  the  whole  Subject)  and  I  told  Him, 


404         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

But  he  declard  he  had  no  Idea  of  it,  now  I  cannot  Conceive  How  he 
Could  read  that  Letter  and  not  know  the  principal  Scope  of  it,  But  he 
declard  he  did  not:  So  I  suppose  Mr  Fisher  flung  part  of  it  out  to 
Sound  if  Okly  know  any  Thing  of  the  Ultimatum,  when  I  had  gone  so 
far,  I  thought  it  was  better  to  tell  Mr  Okly  the  whole;  And  he  was 
quite  melancly  the  remaining  part  of  the  Evening  in  Consequ  of  the 
information:  And  His  principal  Hopes  seemd  to  be  founded  on  the 
Length  of  time  the  Claim  had  lain  Dormant,  I  look  on  Mr  Myers  Fisher 
to  be  a  Layer  Professionaly  and  a  Man  of  the  World,  I  know  nothing 
of  Mr  Thomas  Fisher,  In  the  present  Business  I  give  my  Self  up  to 
your  Direction,  at  the  Same  time  I  know  the  decisive  paths  of  the  Law 
to  be  So  intricate,  that  some  odd  Thing  might  Start  up  and  like  a 
Willy  the  Wisp  lead  astray  And  then  If  I  lost  my  Suite  what  Con- 
solation would  it  Be  to  me  to  Cry  "who  would  have  thought  it."  So 
That  to  you,  and  only  you  I  Say  Some  kind  of  Compromise  would  be 
better  than  a  Suite. 

My  dear  Fried  I  am  three  thousand  pounds  in  Debt  And  I  have  been 
seizd  yesterday  with  Mrs  Madox  Morgage,  my  tenant  is  behind  in  His 
Rent,  my  Farm  is  going  to  Ruin,  I  know  not  what  part  of  the  Globe 
Mr  Fr  is,  My  Nephew  is  proscrd,  I  would  Sell  the  whole  for  three 
thousand  Pounds  down  and  400  Pr  Anum,  which  is  one  Hundred  £  less 
than  I  oferd  to  the  Baron  de  Belan,  But  on  Less  terms  than  that  I 
will  not  part  with  my  Home,  I  am  ill  too,  Miss  Oswald  Mrs  Smith  that 
is,  sold  her  old  town  House  on  Better  terms  I  Sell  mine  on  Am  giving 
up  my  Single  Life  she  sold  hers  in  the  Life  of  her  And  her  Husband 
400  P.  Ann.  1500  down. 

Answer  me  one  question;  3  have  a  thoud  Pounds  all  Miss  Stedmans 
fortune  and  She  has  no  Morgage:  does  this  Claim  render  A  Morgage 
Prudent? 

Your  Embaressd  Frend 

E.  Fergusson. 


Elizabeth  Fergusson  to  George  Meade. 

Graeme  park  August  6th  [178—] 
Dear  Sir 

After  I  parted  with  you  at  Abington,  I  reflected  a  great  deal  on  your 
kindness,  and  atention  in  taking  an  opportunity  to  hint  to  Mr  Dickinson 
that  I  was  exceedingly  Hurt  at  any  thing  being  flung  out  that  should 
fling  (?)  a  Clog  as  to  my  right  to  Dispose  of  this  Estate;  you  told  me 
the  President  Said  He  was  of  opinion  the  title  was  good.  But  my  dear 
Sir,  if  a  Man  of  His  known  Abilities  in  the  Law  And  also  being 
President  of  this  State,  I  Say  if  he  would  Condesend  to  give  me  a  few 
lines  either  by  way  of  Letter,  or  in  any  way  it  would  most  Essentialy 
Serve  me;  and  Silence  the  Cavils  of  the  Ignorant;  who  do  not  See  it  in 
the  true  point  of  Light  it  is  Certain  that  every  one,  and  (Some  of 
those  Sensible  people  too)  on  the  first  reading  the  Act  are  forcible 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme.         405 

Struck  with  the  words  (During  her  natural  Life)  Such  a  Man  as  Mr 
Dickinson  at  one  View  may  see  that  is  not  a  material  Objection:  But 
for  one  person  that  has  His  knowlege  &  Ability  a  thousand  have  not) 
and  Those  Thousand  are  like  to  be  the  purchasers,  "we  may  think  with 
the  wise  but  we  must  talk  with  the  Vulgar."  The  Titles  to  Estates  are 
like  Female  Reputation,  when  we  are  about  Engaging  with  either  for 
Life,  we  are  as  Delicate  As  Ceaser  was  about  His  Wifes  Reputation. 
It  is  Suficient  Capital  to  injure  them,  to  have  them  Suspected:  I  look'd 
upon  it  to  be  very  unfortun  that  Mr  D  was  in  the  Delaware  State, 
all  the  time  I  was  in  town,  I  was  four  times  at  His  House:  two  of 
the  times  I  Saw  and  had  a  very  polite  and  friendly  interview  with 
Mrs  Dn  poor  Doctor  More  was  there,  I  little  thought  so  soon  to  hear 
he  was  to  be  translated  to  the  Land  of  Spirits  every  thing  touches  on 
the  Brevity  of  Human  Life,  And  yet  tho'  I  am  as  fully  convincd  of  this 
as  any  Body;  yet  I  find  it  absolutly  necesary  to  atend  to  my  affairs  to 
Secure  my  advancd  Age  from  Want.  I  am  really  ignorant  whether 
Mr  Dn  being  the  President  of  the  State  excludes  His  practising  as  a 
Lawyer,  which  must  excuse  my  not  adressing  Him  in  the  proper  Form 
of  asking  His  Opinion:  if  he  does  not  practice  I  must  be  indebted  to  his 
Friendship;  for  at  any  Rate  I  earnestly  Solicit  his  advice.  For  I  am 
Shockd  at  the  Idea,  that  I  have  taken  up  money  in  the  full  hopes  that 
the  Sale  will  Settle  all  that:  And  now  to  think  when  I  am  in  my 
Grave  my  poor  Ashes  may  be  Curst  by  those  trusting  to  lead  into  a 
Disputed  Title  distresses  me  vastly.  I  have  neither  Strethgth  nor 
Spirits  to  go  thr'  the  adressing  And  beging  the  favor  of  so  united  a 
Body  as  compose  the  Members  of  the  House;  I  have  so  lively  an  Idea 
of  the  trouble  I  had  before  in  my  aplications;  And  adresses;  that  I 
Should  Sink  under  the  task,  And  was  I  to  Solicit  the  House  and  my 
petion  to  be  rejected  it  would  be  a  public  Confirmation  that  I  had  not 
a  Right  to  Sell  or  Witt  it  away:  Tho  the  papers  I  Send  at  first  Sight 
may  apear  Voluminous,  yet  Mr  Dn  will  see  the  whole  in  a  quarter  of 
an  hour.  The  papers  I  think  necessary  are  These.  First  my  Fathers 
Will  to  show  this  is  not  an  Entaild  Estate;  In  Consequenc  not  devolv- 
ing on  my  Sisters  Children: 

2d  The  Pettion  to  the  House  of  assembly: 

3d  a  Letter  found  among  Mr  C  Stedmans  papers  after  His  Death 
wrote  by  me  to  Him  on  my  first  being  informd  Mr  Fr  had  taken  the 
office  of  Commissy  of  Prisoners,  under  G  Howe  This  Letter  being  wrote 
so  earl  as  Novemb  .Z777  could  not  express  a  Side  in  Consequen  of  its 
being  a  faling  Cause  it  was  write  in  Haste;  and  shews  an  honest  Heart; 
it  is  the  Original  Letter. 

4d  The  Speakers  Letter  to  me  while  the  Bill  was  agitated. 

5d  a  Letter  from  Him  to  Dr  Rush,  and  His  Reply.    • 

6  a  letter  from  Mr  Moris  and  Mr  Hill  to  me. 

7th  the  Copy  of  the  Bill  as  Mr  Wilson  wishd  it  to  be  And  another  as 
it  realy  passd. 

I  wish  also  to  know  if  my  power  of  Atorny  is  of  Consequence  from 


406        Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grceme. 

Mp  Fr  to  Join  in  the  Sale,  or  if  His  atainder  Precludes  Him  the  Rights 
of  a  Husband  as  to  Making  any  Sale  or  Will  of  mine  Valid;  which  in 
Common  Cases  are  necessary  ly:  you  know  so  much  of  the  whole  affair 
that  you  can  explain  all  to  Mr  Dn. 

I  remain  your  Obligd  Fred 

E.  Fr. 


Elizabeth  Fergusson  to  Ann  Ridgely.32 

Billit  September  14,  97 

My  Dear  M"  Ridgly 

I  was  favord  with  a  most  affectionate  Letter  a  few  weeks  past  from 
you  thro  the  medium  of  M"  Cadwalader,  who  seems  So  Centrically 
seated  to  oblige  her  Friends:  and  never  was  a  Heart  that  more  enjoyd 
it:  you  say  in  yours  Mrs  Bond  has  never  visited  you:  and  mention  it 
with  regret:  alass!  you  are  Sisters  in  your  attatchment  to  Home  and 
affection  to  your  Children  from  your  own  Heart  Therefore  you  must 
plead  an  apopology  for  hers,  I  am  Sure  the  Different  Style  of  Life  which 
she  is  engagd  in  from  Mr  Bonds  Station  has  no  share  in  the  Estrang- 
ment.  there  are  moments  in  which  She  rather  Submits  to  it  than 
enjoys  it. 

You  are  very  obliging  in  pointing  out  a  Method  to  get  the  manu- 
scripts, which  at  least  my  share  of  them  I  fear  would  not  repay  you 
for  the  pains  of  Developing  a  bad  Hand:  But  I  will  not  act  the 
Hypocrite:  I  declare  when  by  peculiar  Circumstances  I  am  as  it  were  a 
Link  Cut  of  from  the  Chain  of  that  Society  both  by  Birth  and  Education 
which  I  once  was  taught  to  expect,  and  devote  my  Hours  to  Retirment 
and  my  Pen,  I  feel  a  Latent  Wish  that  those  whose  tasks  are  congenial 
to  my  own,  might  with  the  Eye  of  not  Candor  But  Partiality  see  my 
turn  of  thought  and  mode  of  Life.  But  you  told  me  that  "that  your 
Children  are  fond  of  Poetry,"  of  Consequence  they  have  read  a  great 
deal  and  under  such  a  monitress  as  their  mother  have  read  the  Best, 
and  as  they  must  be  devested  of  that  partiality  which  perhaps  you 
might  have,  I  fear  it  will  be  dull  work,  But  my  promise  is  made,  and 
what  is  still  more  cogent  my  Will  is  on  the  Side  of  performing  it: 
Tho  It  may  be  a  considerable  time  before  I  put  it  in  Execution,  for 
among  the  Portions  of  time  I  find  most  tedious  where  I  live,  is  the 
long  long  Winter  Evenings  Once  the  Joy  of  my  heart,  when  Surrounded 
by  a  Groupe  of  Dear  Conextions  all  all  gone  to  the  Silent  abodes  of 
Death.  Those  Winter  evenings  I  mean  in  part  to  devote  to  sorting; 
or  Copying  out  such  of  my  little  Things;  that  I  think  may  have  a 
Chance  of  meeting  your  and  the  young  Ladies  approbation;  Therefore 


82  Daughter  of  William  Moore  of  "Moore  Hall,"  and  second  wife  of 
Dr.  Charles  G.  Ridgely. 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Gr&me.         407 

rest  assurd  if  I  live,  have  my  Eyes,  Limbs,  and  faculties  between  this 
and  the  month  of  may  a  volume  shall  make  its  apearance, 
from  your  Faithful  Friend 

E.  Fergusson. 

P.S.  I  know  not  when  I  may  send  this  Letter  The  dismal  Scourge 
the  yellow  Fever  is  again  making  an  alarming  apearance  in  Philadel- 
phia, I  have  seen  so  many  this  Day  pass  thro  this  village  as  Emigrants 
that  I  have  hardly  Sperits  to  write  and  yet  all  Sorrow  is  worse  to  a 
unemployd. 

Elizabeth  Fergusson  to  Mrs.  Campbell  and  Mrs.  Frazer. 

Billit  October  the  1.  98 
My  ever  Dear  Mr"  Campbell  and  Mri  Frazer 

During  This  awfull  Situation  of  the  Depopulating  Fever  in  the  Midle 
States  of  This  Country,  more  particularly  Philadelphia  I  who  could 
only  Sigh  and  Shed  an  inefectual  tear,  employd  my  Self  in  the  melan- 
choly Retrospect  of  reading  the  Letters  of  Departed  Friends  with  a 
view  of  committing  them  to  the  Flame:  Some  few  and  but  a  very  few 
of  the  living  I  found  among  the  Dear  assortment:  yours  dear  good 
Women  were  among  the  Number,  But  as  I  gave  Them  a  final  as  I  then 
judgd  Reperusal  A  thought  Struck  me,  well  knowing  that  affection  is 
Hereditary  in  your  Family,  I  Say  A  thought  Struck  me,  That  your 
Dear  Children  might  like  to  be  in  Posesion  of  Epistles  that  Breathd 
nothing  But  Piety,  Resignation,  And  cordial  good  will  to  mankind,  and 
also  a  kind  of  Series  of  family  events  for  a  Course  of  years,  under  This 
Idea  I  Send  you  the  Paket,  and  chuse  to  leave  it  in  your  own  option, 
whether  to  commit  them  to  The  Flames  or  not,  I  have  Selected  out  of 
Them  all  That  Related  to  the  Subject  of  my  Seperation  with  my  own 
Dear  Mr  Fergusson,  cannot  Misconstrue  my  parting  with  Them  as  a 
Slight  or  Disregard,  no  my  dear  Friends  far  otherwise  It  is  from  too 
great  a  Susceptibility  and  Delicacy,  as  I  in  the  course  of  my  Life  I 
have  been  much  hurt  to  See  Papers,  and  letters  laying  about  In  Places 
where  Impertinent  Curiosity  and  unfeeling  Hearts  Connd  them  over.  I 
do  not  know  if  I  ever  Sent  you  some  lines  I  wrote  to  a  Lady  in  England, 
These  lines  express  my  Situation  as  to  my  mind  as  to  giving  up  in  my 
Life  time  all  I  hold  most  Dear,  and  I  am  Sure  the  Letters  from  my 
particular  Friends  I  class  in  that  Number,  I  remember  when  I  went  to 
England  I  was  very  Careful  to  Lock  up  and  range  all  my  Letters,  and 
the  first  thing  I  did  when  I  returnd  was  to  run  and  See  if  the  Dear 
Deposit  remaind  In  Statue  quo,  As  I  have  no  Children  I  own  as  to  my 
Letters  I  would  wish  every  one  I  ever  writ  were  Commited  to  the 
Flames,  more  especially  Since  I  bore  The  name  of  Fergusson,  But  to 
return  to  the  lines  I  allude 

Lines 

"To  M"  Julliania  Richie  Returning  a  miniature  Picture  which  the 
writer  had  of  that  Lady,  This  Picture  was  returnd  in  consequence  of 


408         Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Gr&me. 

M"  Fergussons  seing  a  passage  in  a  Letter  from  M"  Richie  to  a  Lady 
in  Philadelphia  begging  her  to  enquire  for  that  Picture,  as  She  had 
Seen  a  List  of  the  Deceasd  in  the  yellow  Fever  of  93  among  which 
names  were  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  and  as  the  Possesor  was  no  more  She 
Mrs  Richie  had  been  solicited  by  her  Neice  to  get  the  Picture  back,  I 
had  the  greatest  Friendship  for  this  Lady  of  any  I  Left  behind  me  and 
Still  keep  up  a  Correspondence  with  her,  But  I  I  immediatly  returnd 
the  Picture  wrapt  up  in  a  Paper  with  the  following  Lines 


Lines  on  Returning  a  Miniature  Picture  to  the  Lady  desired  it. 

Judge  not  my  Friend  I  carelessly  Resign; 
These  Features  once  which  represented  Thine; 
But  years  advancing  fast  to  Deaths  cold  Shade; 
Whisper  I  Soon  may  in  the  Grave  be  laid: 
Perhaps  no  Heart  congenial  may  be  nigh, 
With  Pious  care   to   close  my   Sightless  Eye; 
Perhaps  no  Friend  attentive  may  be  near 
To  write  my  Julia  that  I  held  her  Dear 
But  sure  on  whom  this  Semblance  you  bestow 
Tho  Kindred  Blood  may  Thro  their  Chanells  flow 
Will  never  Leve  you  with  a  Brighter  Flame 
Than  her  you  once  esteemd  as  Betsy  Graeme 

Philadelphia,  1795. 
To  Mrs  Juliania  Richie,  London. 

How  often  do  we  See  in  triffles  as  well  as  in  things  of  consequence 
Our  Intentions  frustrated,  when  I  was  in  London  in  1765  I  had  many 
different  times  made  an  appointment  with  Mr»  Richie  and  others  to  go 
in  a  Barge  by  Water  to  See  Chyswick  the  fine  Gardens  and  Palace  of 
Earl  Burlington,  yet  Still  some  thing  occurd  to  prevent  me,  But  on  the 
13  of  July  a  Large  Party  was  Collected  and  I  wrote  a  Card  to  Mr< 
Richy,  I  which  I  Said  Rain,  Shine,  or  Hail  I  will  g  to  Chyswick  for  of 
all  Places  I  want  to  See  it  I  will  meet  you  all  at  your  House  in  Norfolk 
Street  which  is  near  the  Water  and  we  will  have  a  Delightfull  Excursion 
as  the  music  I  hear  is  good  in  the  Barge." 

In  a  few  Hours  after  I  had  Sent  This  Card,  I  recvd  the  account  of  the 
Death  of  my  ever  dear  mother,  when  I  thought  she  was  quite  well, 
whether  I  ever  lovd  any  friend  as  well  as  her,  I  will  not  pretend  to  Say 
but  sure  I  am  none  ever  Lovd  me  half  as  well,  Mr8  Richy  come  and 
Staid  with  me  some  time  and  endeard  herself  in  a  peculiar  manner  to 
me  by  every  kind  attention  on  that  occasion. 

I  dare  Say  my  dear  Mr"  Campbell  and  Frazer  you  will  not  read  this 
Paket  without  some  tears  in  recollecting  the  visicitudes  of  Life  in  your 
own  little  Circle,  which  you  There  enumerate  It  has  been  Objected  to 
Pope  and  Adisons  Letters  and  all  that  Groupe  of  Wits  whose  languge 
have  been  a  Standard  to  model  the  future  generation  That  They  were 
too  Studied,  and  written  it  was  supposd  with  an  Intention  to  be  shewn 


Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  nee  Grame.         409 

among  their  Circle:    But  all  these  Letters  are  from  a  warm  unaffected 
Heart  without  any  touch  of  ostentatious  Wit: 

Lady  Rachels  Russels  Letters  are  also  plain  and  unafected  They  were 
often  recommended  to  me  to  read,  But  alass  There  is  so  great  a  number 
of  them  deriving  Comfort  from  the  Erattic  Character  of  Lord  Russel 
that  many  alass  provd  no  Balm  to  me:  The  Sorrow  on  the  Return  of 
particular  Aniversary  Days,  was  the  only  parts  I  kept  pace  with  her, 
And  now  my  Dear  Mrs  Campell  and  Frazer  accept  This  as  it  is  meant, 
and  may  we  meet  I  Heaven  is  the  unafected  Prayer  of  your  Faithfull 
Friend 

E.  Fergusson. 


410     Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814. 


EXTRACTS   FEOM   THE   DIARY   OF   THOMAS 
FRANKLIN  PLEASANTS,  1814. 

(Continued  from  page  336.) 

October  7.— Sent  the  pay  roll  to  the  Paymaster  and 
received  $432.00.  Went  on  parade  in  afternoon,  drilled 
by  Col.  Biddle.  When  deploying  into  line,  First  and 
Second  companies  of  Guards  were  thrown  into  con- 
fusion; the  Colonel  immediately  rode  up  to  ascertain 
what  was  the  matter;  Lt.  Mifflin  was  arrested.  It  ap- 
peared that  Swift  and  Wharton  had  had  some  dis- 
agreement; the  regiment  was  taken  on  the  parade 
ground  and  detained  there  until  retreat.  Called  on 
Swift,  he  said  his  company  and  Wharton 's  were  sep- 
arated from  the  others — he  was  marching  them  up  to 
the  alignment — Wharton  told  me  not  to  do  so — he  re- 
plied that  he  did  not  need  instructions  from  him. 
Wharton  said  he  gave  none — Swift  said  he  construed 
what  he  said  into  instructions — Wharton  said  no  in- 
solence— Swift  retorted  that  he  was  a  puppy.  Whar- 
ton drew  his  sword  and  attempted  to  cut  him  down — 
Swift  cut  Wharton 's  hand. 

October  9. — Officer  of  the  Day  until  10  o'clock,  then 
began  to  make  up  my  reports.  Swift  waited  on  me, 
showed  me  a  note  from  Wharton  challenging  him;  he 
requested  me  to  be  his  second.  Wharton  had  sent  by 
Mifflin  a  verbal  challenge  sometime  before.  Swift  ac- 
cepted and  told  Mifflin,  as  Wharton  had  attacked  him 
with  the  sword,  they  must  decide  the  matter  with  the 
sword.  Mifflin  requested  him  to  think  of  it,  but  Swift 
replied,  you  have  my  answer.  Being  under  an  arrest 
nothing  could  be  done.  Ingersoll  was  to  have  acted 
for  Swift  but  was  suddenly  called  away.  They  obtained 


Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814.     411 

permission  to  go  beyond  the  chain  of  sentinels,  but 
Major  McCall  expressly  told  Swift,  no  advantage  was 
to  be  taken,  and  on  being  asked  what  he  meant  by  the 
restrictions,  he  said  he  had  reference  to  the  dispute 
with  Wharton.  When  Mifflin  waited  on  Swift,  told 
him  he  could  not  designate  a  time  and  place,  as  Major 
Ingersoll  was  away  and  he  is  restrained  by  orders  from 
the  General.  Wharton  says  Mifflin  is  under  no  re- 
strictions. This  is  the  state  of  the  case  as  represented 
by  Swift.  I  hesitated  a  good  while,  feeling  a  reluc- 
tance to  officiate  at  all, 

October  12. — After  parade  drilled  the  company  and 
then  the  officers  of  the  regiment.  Saw  Swift,  who  said 
he  had  seen  Powell,  that  he  recommended  him  not  to 
fight  until  the  campaign  was  over,  as  he  would  un- 
doubtedly be  cashiered  if  he  did,  or  else  he  ought  to 
resign  and  then  fight. 

October  13. — Gen.  Gaines  reviewed  the  troops,  af- 
terwards the  officers  in  a  body  called  on  him.  Capt. 
Kawle,  Lieut.  Scott  and  Ed.  Ingersoll  dined  with  us. 

October  15. — Detailed  as  one  of  a  drum-head  court- 
martial  :  tried  several  persons  who  had  been  last  night 
out  of  camp  without  leave.  The  sentence  of  the  court 
martial  in  Swift  and  Wharton 's  cases  were  promul- 
gated— Swift  acquitted.  Wharton  dismissed  the  ser- 
vice. Went  to  see  Swift,  he  said  as  he  was  a  soldier 
he  could  not  of  course  fight  Wharton,  because  he  was 
disgraced,  but  requested  me  to  state  to  Mifflin,  if  he 
should  say  anything  about  it,  that  Swift  would  chal- 
lenge him  when  we  returned  to  Philadelphia.  Bawle's 
two  brothers  came  to  see  him  and  dined  with  us.  Swift 
called  me  out  to  tell  me,  that  the  First  Company  intend 
to  elect  Wharton  their  1st.  Lieutenant,  and  that  the 
General  had  sent  for  him  and  asked  if  he  would  agree 
that  the  dispute  should  be  settled  by  a  Court  of  Honor, 
he  replied  he  could  do  nothing  'till  he  knew  what  the 
others  would  do.  The  General  sent  for  Mifflin,  who 


412     Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814. 

quickly  agreed  to  it;  Swift  said  he  would  be  content, 
provided  the  decision  should  be  final;  Mifflin  agreed 
to  that. 

October  16. — The  two  young  Eawles,  the  Captain 
and  E.  Ingersoll  breakfasted  with  me.  Went  to  Wil- 
mington, stop'd  at  Brinton's,  went  to  church  with  Miss 
Elizabeth  Bayard;  returned  in  the  evening  in  stage 
with  Major  Prevost. 

October  17. — After  parade  escorted  Miss  Howell 
about  camp.  In  the  evening  Mifflin  called  to  tell  me 
Wharton  was  now  an  officer;  I  immediately  communi- 
cated with  Swift,  who  was  astonished,  as  he  supposed 
the  affair  was  to  be  settled  by  the  Court  of  Honor. 
We  waited  on  McCall,  he  said  Mifflin  would  not  agree 
to  its  being  final;  we  requested  him  to  inform  the  gen- 
tlemen as  Mifflin  was  decided  on  that  point.  McCall 
waited  on  Swift  with  a  message  from  the  General,  that 
they  must  not  fight  for  they  would  certainly  be  pun- 
ished. Swift  then  stated  to  me  Wharton  was  pro- 
nounced by  a  Court  Martial  as  having  been  guilty  of 
an  act  unworthy  a  gentleman  and  soldier,  he  ought  not 
to  be  met  by  a  gentleman — that  Wharton  had  injured 
him ;  he  was  not  bound  to  fight  him — the  election  could 
not  make  his  conduct  different  from  what  it  was. 
Gratz  was  by.  We  sent  for  Brown  and  all  came  to 
the  conclusion  that  Swift  could  not  fight  Wharton  but 
if  Mifflin  took  it  up,  it  became  a  matter  between  them. 
Shewed  Swift  the  pistols  of  Powell.  We  were  over- 
heard in  Bawle's  tent,  he  and  Biddle  think  the  fight  is 
to  take  place  immediately. 

October  18. — After  breakfast  attempted  to  pass  out, 
was  stopped — Swift  also.  Wrote  at  Powell's  sugges- 
tion a  letter  to  him  to  inquire  the  reason  the  General 
sent  for  me;  told  me  the  duel  was  to  be  fought  early 
in  the  morning;  he  hoped  nothing  of  the  kind  would 
take  place.  During  the  campaign  said  that  Swift  had 
acted  most  honourably — that  he  found  Mifflin  the  most 


Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814.     413 

difficult  man  to  make  any  arrangements  with  on  such  a 
subject — wanted  me  to  see  Clay  that  nothing  should 
take  place.  I  told  him  I  believed  nothing  with  Whar- 
ton  would  take  place,  which  words  he  repeated — that 
Wharton  was  not  on  an  equal  footing  with  Swift. 
Being  the  oldest  Captain,  drilled  the  officers.  After 
drill  Benj.  Gratz  and  I  talked  over  the  affair  of  Swift 
and  Wharton — he  said  it  was  the  general  opinion,  that 
Swift  must  fight  Wharton  since  he  is  now  reinstated 
in  command  and  recognized  as  an  officer.  We  saw 
Swift,  told  him  what  was  said,  he  replied  he  would 
only  fight  him  with  his  sword.  I  saw  Major  Powell, 
told  him  of  the  message  last  night,  then  said  he,  "by 
God,  Swift  must  fight  and  kill  him  if  he  can." — he 
objected  to  the  sword.  Saw  Swift,  told  him  of  PowelPs 
opinion.  In  the  evening  received  a  message  from  Col. 
Biddle,  that  he  would  be  glad  to  see  me.  Powell  called 
on  me,  said  he  had  seen  Frank  Wharton,  represented 
to  him  the  persecuting  conduct  of  his  brother — told 
him  Swift  was  ready  to  fight  him.  Went  to  Swift,  he 
agreed  to  fight  Wharton  if  nothing  in  way — also  to 
Mifflin  to  tell  him  Swift  would  meet  Wharton  in  the 
morning  with  pistols.  Col.  Biddle  had  interested  him- 
self in  the  business  and  was  trying  to  settle  it — that  he 
understood  Mifflin  and  Wharton  agreed  to  refer  it  to 
him.  We  thought  before  we  could  agree  to  anything 
of  the  kind,  the  challenge  should  be  withdrawn,  that 
this  should  be  a  sine  qua  non — that  I  should  assume 
a  bold  tone  as  the  thing  had  arrived  at  so  late  a  stage. 
I  called  on  Col.  Biddle,  he  took  me  aside,  told  me  he 
hoped  to  be  able  to  accommodate  the  business.  I  then 
related  to  him  the  affair — the  advantage  taken  of 
Swift's  confinement  within  the  chain  of  sentinels,  and 
the  agreement  to  abide  by  the  decision  of  the  Court 
of  Honour,  and  afterwards  while  Swift  expected  the 
Court  was  to  settle  the  business,  then  informing  him 


414     Diary  of  Thomas  Frankliti  Pleasants,  1814. 

tauntingly  that  Wharton  was  an  officer. — He  proposed 
the  revival  of  the  Court  of  Honour.  I  said  they  ought 
to  agree  to  it  in  the  first  place  and  that  its  decision 
should  be  obligatory  and  final — that  the  challenge 
should  be  first  withdrawn.  He  said  he  feared  the  in- 
sisting on  this  might  meet  with  opposition  and  was 
unnecessary;  that  the  reference  was  ipso  facto  a  with- 
drawal of  the  challenge.  I  said,  so  I  should  suppose, 
had  they  not  during  the  existence  of  the  agreement  for 
the  reference  sent  that  message  which  showed  they  did 
not  consider  the  challenge  withdrawn.  That  struck 
him  with  force — he  said  he  admired  Swift's  conduct- 
he  appeared  so  cool  throughout  the  affair — he  felt  very 
much  for  him,  having  a  wife  and  three  children  &c. 
I  told  him  that  I  would  see  Capt.  Swift  on  the  subject. 
I  went  to  the  main  guard  where  he  was — he  told  me 
he  had  a  carriage  engaged  for  the  morning  and  had 
written  to  Dr.  S.  to  be  out.  He  then  agreed  to  the  Court 
of  Honour  if  Powell  thought  it  proper.  I  waited  on 
Powell  who  was  in  bed — he  said  the  challenge  ought  to 
be  first  withdrawn  or  the  Court  possess  absolute  power. 
I  waited  on  Col.  Biddle  and  agreed  to  wave  the  condi- 
tion if  the  Court  be  possessed  of  power,  supposing 
they  would  of  course  have  the  challenge  withdrawn. 
I  told  him  the  agreement  must  be  in  writing  and  signed 
by  Mifflin.  He  said  Mifflin  had  no  objections  to  Powell 
and  Prevost — I  said  that  I  had  none.  I  went  in  his 
marquee.  Mifflin  at  first  objected  to  the  agreement 
being  in  writing,  as  it  implied  a  distrust,  but  Biddle 
told  him  as  we  are  acting  for  others,  it  ought  to  be 
done — he  then  consented.  An  agreement  to  this  effect 
was  drawn  up:  "It  is  mutually  agreed  between  Cap- 
tains Mifflin  and  Pleasants  on  behalf  of  Lieut.  Wharton 
and  Capt.  Swift,  that  the  final  settlement  of  the  dif- 
ferences between  Lieut.  Wharton  and  Capt.  Swift  be 
referred  to  a  Court  of  Honour  composed  of  two  gen- 
tlemen whose  decision  shall  be  obligatory  on  both 


Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814.     415 

parties."  We  both  signed  it.  Mifflin  stated  it  was 
understood  to  be  a  simultaneous  act,  to  which  I  as- 
sented. Mifflin  also  stated,  that  it  is  understood  that 
the  Court  is  to  hear  everything  or  he  would  not  con- 
sider himself  at  liberty  to  relate  all  our  private  con- 
versation tho'  not  official.  I  agreed,  thinking  it  would 
be  proper  that  the  whole  proceedings  should  be  fully 
developed.  We  separated — I  went  to  Powell,  told  him 
the  result — he  approved  of  it — told  Swift,  he  approved 
of  it  also — then  went  to  my  marquee. 

October  19.— Col.  Biddle,  Capt.  Mifflin,  Major  Pre- 
vost  &c.,  went  to  Marcus  Hook  to  attend  a  court  mar- 
tial, so  that  the  Court  of  Honour  will  be  delayed.  In 
the  evening  told  Francis  Rawle  the  whole  affair  of 
Swift. 

October  20. — Montgomery  detailed  for  guard — Ed. 
Ingersoll  dined  with  me.  In  the  evening  the  orders  of 
Gen.  Gaines  were  read.  Major  Ingersoll  arrived,  says 
we  are  positively  to  hut. 

October  21. — Went  to  see  Griffith  and  afterwards 
Guest,  who  are  both  sick.  Got  a  fly  for  my  marquee, 
which  I  had  pitched  anew.  In  the  evening  played  chess 
with  and  beat  Eawle. 

October  22. — Montgomery  went  to  town  to  get  our 
commissions  properly  made  out.  Rawle  on  guard. 
Eeceived  a  note  from  John  McCrea  requesting  me  to 
meet  him  in  Wilmington. 

October  23. — Gen.  Gaines  expected  down,  passes  pro- 
hibited, but  I  obtained  permission  to  go  to  Wilmington. 
Saw  McCrea  and  spoke  to  him  about  my  going  into  the 
regular  army — he  did  not  disapprove  of  it — he  as  a 
vidette  had  to  go  off.  Mr.  Guest  came  down  to  see  his 
son.  Dined  by  previous  invitation  with  Dr.  McLean. 
Could  get  no  carriage  and  walked  out  to  camp  with  a 
lieutenant. 

October  24. — Went  to  see  Mr.  Guest,  having  pre- 
viously gotten  from  Major  Powell  a  furlough  for  his 


416     Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814. 

son.  Spoke  with  Eawle,  Gratz,  Morris,  and  Mont- 
gomery about  entering  the  regular  service  or  rather 
State  troops.  In  the  evening  with  Gratz  went  to  see 
Swift  at  Miss  Campbells. 

October  25. — On  guard.  After  retreat  the  General 
passed  with  several  ladies  and  I  presented  arms  to 
him  without  considering  the  incorrectness  of  it.  Young 
Ealston  being  with  the  party  and  seeing  the  General 
take  off  his  hat,  thinking  he  should  do  so  too,  took  off 
his.  I  understood  that  the  General  had  remarked, 
' '  Captain  Pleasants  must  have  intended  to  compliment 
the  ladies !" 

October  28. — Gratz  informed  me  that  he  was  going 
to  town — agreed  to  accompany  him,  got  a  furlough  and 
set  off  by  water.  Eeached  home  about  7  o'clock  and 
surprised  the  family. 

October  29. — Visited  with  Gratz,  Boileau  and  Gen. 
Gaines — met  Watmough  and  Shober.  After  dinner 
went  to  grand-mothers,  and  told  father  of  my  expecta- 
tions to  enter  the  army  for  local  defence,  and  he  made 
no  objections. 

October  30. — Met  Charles  Eoberts,  went  to  St. 
James '  Church  together  and  heard  Mr.  Milnor.  Called 
with  Gratz  on  Major  Prevost  and  Col.  Biddle;  in  the 
afternoon  to  Eubincam's  by  invitation  of  Whitehead, 
and  drank  a  glass  with  him. 

October  31. — Called  on  J.  Pemberton — walked  about 
the  streets  to  see  the  ladies  and  then  to  Coffee  House 
to  see  L.  Clapier.  Gratz  and  I  called  to  see  Miss  Brin- 
ton,  who  was  out,  and  on  James  Montgomery,  who 
consents  to  John's  going  into  the  army  for  local  de- 
fence. Coleman  Fisher  called  at  the  house. 

November  1. — At  half  past  eight  set  off,  the  steam- 
boat had  started,  but  got  a  boat  at  South  street  wharf, 
was  taken  on  board  and  reached  camp  at  four.  Powell 
recommended  me  to  make  immediate  application  for  a 
majority.  Lieut.  Scott  intends  doing  so. 


Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814.     417 

November  3. — Col.  Biddle  arrived — Capt.  Eawle 
dined  with  me  and  afterwards  played  chess,  beat  him. 
Saw  the  General  about  recommending  me  for  a  major- 
ity— was  very  cool. 

November  5. — Ed.  Ingersoll  breakfasted  with  me. 
Benj.  Gratz,  Eawle  and  I  went  to  Hendricksons,  dined 
and  supped  there.  Serg't.  Major  Wilcox,  Morris 
Fisher  and  McCall  there — had  buckwheat  cakes — 
agreed  to  come  on  Monday  night  to  eat  mush  and  milk, 
and  Wednesday  night  for  buckwheat  cakes — Wilcox 
remarkably  lively  returning  home. 

November  6. — Walked  with  Powell  and  C.  Eoberts 
to  see  Biddle 's  horses  and  told  him  how  cool  the  Gen- 
eral was  when  I  applied  to  him  about  a  majority. 
Capt.  Eawle  dined  with  us — has  obtained  permission 
to  take  his  troop  to  quarters  in  the  neighborhood. 

November  7. — Unexpectedly  about  11  o'clock  de- 
tailed for  guard,  owing  to  Capt.  Keim  being  sick.  E. 
Fisher,  of  the  mush  party  brought  me  some,  which  I 
heated  and  found  excellent.  The  brigade  was  informed 
today,  that  in  two  weeks  we  would  move  home. 

November  9. — Balance  of  riflemen  arrived.  Brigade 
paraded,  exercised  in  firing.  In  the  morning  Cox  ap- 
plied for  a  pass — I  wrote  on  the  bottom  of  it,  (which 
he  had  prepared) — that  he  had  already  been  greatly 
indulged  and  could  not  be  extended  without  injustice 
to  the  others.  He  seemed  mortified  and  said  that  he 
had  performed  more  duty  than  any  of  the  company, 
and  that  he  would  not  ask  indulgence  from  Capt. 
Pleasants !  In  the  evening  intended  to  go  to  the  buck- 
wheat cake  pary,  but  all  the  other  officers  being  pres- 
ent I  would  not  go.  Hawkins  and  Hopkinson  took  tea 
with  me.  The  General  called  with  a  message  for  Bid- 
die,  sat  some  time,  took  a  segar  and  was  pleasant— 
Wrote  to  father,  telling  him  of  the  steps  I  had  taken 
with  regard  to  a  majority — that  Major  Ingersoll  had 
written  in  my  behalf — that  Commodore  Dale  had  ex- 

Voi,.  XXXIX.— 27 


418     Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814. 

erted  himself  very  much  for  me,  and  that  the  General 
had  requested  Gen.  Gaines  to  recommend  me  among 
others,  and  that  I  thought  it  too  late  to  withdraw- 
however,  I  referred  the  matter  to  him  and  would  abide 
by  his  decision. 

November  10. — Was  informed  Cox  went  out  dressed 
in  civilian  clothes  and  passed  the  guard  as  such.  Felt 
a  good  deal  provoked.  Reported  his  absence  to  the 
Colonel;  directed  the  orderly  to  state  "all  accounted 
for  but  one ' '  on  parade.  Saw  Cox  about  an  hour  after- 
wards, but  did  not  appear  to  notice  him,  not  having 
made  up  my  mind  what  to  do  with  him.  I  determined 
to  confine  him  within  the  chain  of  sentinels  and  put 
him  on  double  duty,  but  not  arrest  him.  Sent  for  him 
to  my  tent,  told  him  that  he  had  been  reported  as  a 
deserter.  He  asked  what  was  the  precise  term  in 
which  he  was  reported;  told  him  when  a  man  cannot 
be  accounted  for,  the  orderly  states  "one  unaccounted 
for,"  which  is  equivalent  to  deserted.  He  said  the 
orderly  knew  he  had  been  sick,  and  therefore  did  not 
parade.  After  leaving  me  he  returned  to  ask  if  it  were 
by  my  orders  he  was  reported,  and  I  told  him  it  was. 
In  the  course  of  the  day  Bill  Fisher  (being  at  camp) 
asked  me  if  it  were  true  that  Cox  had  deserted  and 
said  it  was  all  over  the  camp.  I  told  him  of  the  cir- 
cumstances and  further  that  he  had  been  oftner  on 
double  duty  than  any  other  man  in  the  company.  Think 
it  not  impossible  he  will  challenge  me  after  the  cam- 
paign. 

November  11. — Saw  Col.  Biddle,  said  he  did  not  re- 
port Cox  at  headquarters  and  that  I  ought  not  have 
reported  him.  I  asked  him  if  it  was  not  a  duty  en- 
joined and  not  a  matter  for  discretion;  he  said  it  was, 
but  with  Cox  he  would  have  stretched  a  point.  Told 
Major  Ingersoll  what  the  Colonel  had  said,  he  thought 
differently.  At  11  had  a  field  exercise — the  line  fired 
by  companies,  followed  by  independent  firing — the 


Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814.     419 

riflemen  charged  into  the  woods  and  thickets  and 
ditches,  picked  off  the  men  and  officers,  and  at  last  out- 
flanked them,  fired  at  the  General  and  staff.  Mifflin 
detached  Gratz  into  the  woods  after  them;  the  cavalry 
charged — on  the  whole  it  was  an  animating  scene. 
Dined  with  Gratz,  beat  Biddle  and  Rawle  at  Chess. 

November  13. — Breakfasted  with  Montgomery  on 
buckwheat  cakes  at  the  guard  house.  C.  Roberts  dined 
with  me,  there  were  no  rations  delivered,  made  out 
very  well  with  a  roast  goose.  In  the  afternoon  Swift, 
(who  returned  from  furlough)  came  to  my  tent.  Rush 
and  John  Biddle  supped  with  us,  the  invitation  was 
for  buckwheat  cakes,  but  we  were  glad  to  furnish  them 
even  with  toast.  Major  Powell  called  in  the  evening, 
requested  me  to  see  Col.  Biddle,  to  have  the  Court  of 
Honour  decide  the  Swift- Wharton  case,  now  that  all 
parties  are  present.  Called  on  Col.  Biddle,  he  will  at- 
tend to  the  matter  tomorrow. 

November  15. — News  received  that  the  British  had 
returned  in  considerable  force  in  the  Chesapeake.  A 
detachment  of  infantry  is  to  be  sent  to  the  neighbor- 
hood of  New  Castle — all  our  corps  anxious  to  go,  but 
the  five  companies  of  the  left  were  detailed  under 
Raguet  and  Vorhees,  and  Lennard's  company  of  ar- 
tillery. Dickinson  reported  Cox  and  Shubert  absent 
without  leave. 

November  16. — Raguet  and  his  party  set  out,  and 
Biddle  and  Montgomery  went  to  Wilmington  to  learn 
if  any  news ;  there  are  no  vessels  of  consequence  in  the 
Delaware. 

November  19. — Some  talk  of  an  inspection  but  put 
off  until  tomorrow,  owing  to  the  rain.  Busy  making 
out  muster  rolls.  In  the  evening  reported  to  Col. 
Biddle,  that  Cox  was  again  absent.  He  sent  Serg't 
Harrison  to  Wilmington  after  him,  and  to  call  on  Lieut. 
Scott  and  acquaint  him  with  the  circumstances. 

November  20. — Serg't  Harrison  returned  before  pa- 


420     Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814. 

rade  with  Cox;  Col.  Biddle  and  I  spoke  to  the  General 
about  him,  and  it  was  decided  that  he  should  be  sent 
to  town  for  the  balance  of  the  campaign.  He  was  sent 
to  the  General.  In  the  afternoon  Kawle  and  I  took 
a  long  walk  through  the  woods,  giving  words  of  com- 
mand to  try  our  voices.  From  the  bottom  of  the  hill 
the  encampment  looked  beautiful. 

November  21. — Bawle  and  I  went  to  Scrabbletown 
to  breakfast  on  buckwheat  cakes.  The  company  was 
inspected  by  Major  Manigault.  The  General  asked 
me,  that  if  Cox  would  promise  him  to  behave  himself, 
whether  I  would  be  content  that  he  should  remain  with 
the  company,  that  the  disgrace  of  the  company  return- 
ing to  town  without  him  would  be  very  great.  I  told 
him,  I  would  have  no  objection;  he  said  that  I  had 
acted  with  great  forbearance.  In  the  evening  Wilcox, 
McCall,  John  Biddle,  Eoberts  and  I  to  supper  at  Scrab- 
bletown; the  maid  Jane,  afforded  us  some  diversion  by 
her  sourness. 

November  22. — At  10  artillery  and  infantry  formed 
under  Col.  Biddle,  marched  out  to  Dupont's,  went 
through  his  powder-mills. 

November  24. — The  brigade  performed  well.  Major 
Vodges  thrown  from  his  horse ;  one  man  in  Fencibles 
hurt  by  his  gun  going  off  half-cock.  Col.  Prevost, 
Major  McCall,  John  Biddle,  Pemberton,  Ash,  and  Wil- 
cox dined  with  us,  also  Eawle  with  his  brother — a  very 
pleasant  time. 

November  26. — Capt.  Correy,  Watmough  and  Eush 
dined  with  us,  had  to  hurry  as  the  drums  beat  for  pa- 
rade— we  marched  up  the  road  towards  Scrabbletown. 
Played  chess,  beat  Montgomery;  Biddle  beat  me  one 
the  other  a  draw  and  I  Hodge  one. 

November  28. — Col.  Biddle  arrived  bringing  march- 
ing orders;  the  men  flocked  around  him  as  soon  as  he 
approached  and  were  delighted  with  the  intelligence. 


Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814.     421 

Got  a  pan  of  coals  for  tent,  which  made  it  warm  and 
comfortable. 

November  29. — Busy  packing  up.  The  General  in- 
tends to  march  at  7  in  the  morning  and  go  as  far  as 
Chester,  and  the  following  day  to  town.  Sent  Corporal 
Smith  ahead  to  engage  quarters. 

November  30. — Earning  hard;  the  General  deter- 
mined to  go  no  further  than  Wilmington.  Breakfasted 
at  Mrs.  Campbell's.  Sent  Capt.  Willis  to  Wilmington 
to  engage  quarters.  Tents  struck  at  11,  marched  at 
half -past  through  rain  and  reached  Wilmington  about 
2  and  put  up  at  Lambourn's.  Hawkins,  Eichards  and 
Sperry,  went  on  to  Chester;  they  made  some  narrow 
escapes  in  crossing  streams  in  the  dark.  Had  several 
invitations  but  declined  them,  many  of  the  men  quar- 
tered at  private  houses. 

December  1. — Had  roll  call.  Day  clear  and  about 
11  left  Wilmington;  roads  very  bad;  turnpike  part  of 
the  way  very  rough.  Eeached  Chester  about  sunset, 
part  quartered  at  Pipers  and  part  at  Mrs.  Eyres  (a 
private  house).  Capt  Meyers  passed  me  with  his  com- 
pany. Got  little  sleep  as  Bache's  troop  made  so  great 
a  disturbance  by  singing.  Traquair  got  up  and  for  a 
time  silenced  them ;  they  renewed  their  noise,  then  both 
he  and  I  got  up  and  arrested  one  of  them. 

December  2. — Drums  beat  at  half  past  two,  and  got 
underway  about  4;  reached  Darby  about  8.  Left 
Darby  at  9,  arrived  in  town  at  1,  and  passed  in  review 
of  Gen.  Gaines.  Notified  the  company  after  dismissal, 
that  the  brigade  would  assemble  at  10  on  Sunday  next. 
All  the  family  at  home  and  delighted  to  see  me. 

December  3. — After  breakfast  called  on  Quarter- 
master Taylor,  who  will  have  the  tents  pitched  today; 
saw  the  orderly,  who  is  to  notify  the  members  that 
the  parade  is  changed  to  Tuesday. 

December  4.— Went  to  Potter's  Field  and  found 
tents  standing.  Visited  Miss  Chancellor  and  then  saw 


422     Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814. 

Ben.  Gratz  who  urged  the  decision  in  the  Swift- Whar- 
ton  case. 

December  5. — Called  on  Prevost  and  went  with  him 
to  see  the  General.  Saw  Swift  and  called  on  Dale,  who 
goes  to  New  York,  having  heen  appointed  a  midship- 
man on  board  the  President. 

December  6. — Snow  on  ground.  Went  to  State 
House  yard,  no  brigade  or  regimental  drills,  but  there 
will  be  roll  calls  every  morning  at  9.  Attended  the 
Court  of  Honour,  related  what  had  taken  place  within 
my  knowledge  and  left  them  to  deliberate.  Passed 
E.  M.  who  looked  very  handsome. 

December  7. — Went  to  State  House  yard  and  after 
parade  saw  Powell,  who  told  me  they  had  decided  to 
make  Wharton  apologize — showed  me  the  paper — per- 
fectly satisfied  with  the  decision.  At  12  called  at 
Powell's  where  the  Court  met  and  read  the  form  of 
apology  and  acceptance.  Mifflin  said  he  was  satisfied 
with  the  decision,  altho'  in  the  morning  he  had  inti- 
mated to  Powell  otherwise.  He  said  Wharton  was 
bound  and  must  abide  by  the  decision,  altho'  he  knew 
Wharton  was  not  sorry  for  anything  he  had  done. 
"You  should  not  say  that  before  Pleasants  at  any 
rate,"  said  Powell,  and  he  seemed  sensible  of  his  im- 
propriety. He  said  he  would  get  the  apology  from 
Wharton  and  send  it  to  Powell.  Called  on  Swift  and 
told  him  how  it  was  settled.  Met  Gen.  Cadwalader 
on  the  street,  called  with  him  on  Montgomery,  after 
which  he  came  home  with  me  for  half  an  hour. 

December  8. — Montgomery  called  before  I  had  fin- 
ished breakfast;  called  on  Powell  and  went  to  see 
Prevost,  who  had  received  the  proceedings  from  Lieut. 
Wharton.  I  begin  to  suspect  they  will  be  unwilling 
to  sanction  the  proceedings.  Called  on  Gen.  Games 
with  Montgomery  and  Biddle  and  later  on  Gen.  Cad- 
walader. In  the  evening  visited  E.  M.  who  was  alone 
with  her  mother  and  brother  Thomas ;  she  looked  most 


Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814.     423 

interesting,  and  we  talked  about  Miss  Eawle;  Mr. 
Donaldson,  of  Baltimore;  the  camp,  and  our  appear- 
ance on  entering  the  city  &c. 

December  10. — Went  to  Mifflin's,  who  gave  me  the 
letter  of  apology  from  Wharton  and  I  gave  him  Swift's 
acceptance.  He  expressed  satisfaction  at  the  termina- 
tion of  the  affair.  He  told  me  how  Col.  Biddle  had 
behaved  to  him  at  Chester  respecting  music.  We 
walked  up  Chestnut  street  together  and  I  left  to  see 
Swift,  but  he  was  out,  but  later  met  him  and  handed 
him  Wharton 's  letter,  which  he  thought  too  general, 
yet  said  he  was  satisfied. 

December  21. — Visited  Mrs.  Clapier,  and  after  din- 
ner took  a  walk — passed  by  E.  M's.  who  was  at  the 
window  and  looked  very  charming — think  I  will  go 
there  this  evening.  Mary  drank  tea  with  us,  after 
which  I  called  on  E.  M.  who  with  her  mother  and 
brother  Charles  were  alone ;  soon  after  Miss  Hodgdon 
came  in.  I  did  not  think  E.  M.  looked  remarkably 
handsome  or  was  unusually  pleasant;  her  mother  very 
agreeable  and  Miss  Hodgdon  very  lively.  Came  home 
and  told  the  girls  of  my  visits. 

December  22. — Dr.  Griffith's  son  Samuel  was  hurt 
and  brought  by  Mr.  Bancker  to  our  house — notified  his 
father. 

December  23. — Called  on  Prevost  to  get  him  to  rec- 
ommend me  for  Colonel  of  Pennsylvania  Eegulars, 
which  he  politely  did. 

December  24. — Went  to  State  House  yard,  company 
had  about  50  present,  regiment  marched  to  Bush  Hill. 

December  25. — Went  to  meeting  and  afterwards  met 
Montgomery;  will  call  with  him  tomorrow  on  McCrea 
about  the  bill  for  raising  State  troops.  Dr.  Emlen  and 
Henry  Harrison  came  in  before  tea  and  spent  the 
evening. 

December  27. — Called  on  Eaguet,  who  said  of  the 
five  regiments,  but  one  would  be  officered  by  Phila- 


424     Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleasants,  1814. 

delphians;  advised  against  my  going  to  Harrisburg, 
and  that  Democrats  would  be  preferred.  Saw  McCrea^ 
who  was  of  the  same  opinion. 

December  28. — Went  to  Harley's,  we  agreed  to  wait 
a  few  days  for  muster  inspection  and  dismissal;  took 
rolls  to  orderly  and  to  Quarter  Master  Taylor  for  him 
to  collect  arms.  Spent  evening  at  Mrs.  Eyres;  the 
Miss  Ralstons,  Smith  and  others  there;  about  9  sat 
down  to  a  very  handsome  supper. 

December  30. — Went  to  new  Jail  to  see  the  Regulars 
parade.  Visited  Miss  Bayard.  Father  and  I  spent 
evening  with  L.  Schuyler,  Mr.  E.  H.  Morris  there. 

December  31. — Went  to  State  House  yard;  orders 
were  read  for  an  inspection  on  Wednesday  next.  After 
dinner  took  a  walk  down  town,  overtook  Miss  L.  Cole- 
man,  who  was  lively  and  looked  exceedingly  beautiful; 
referred  to  Gr.  Hopkins  and  Ann  E.  who  had  been  away 
and  got  married.  I.  Pemberton  joined  me  and  went  to 
our  house,  where  we  had  a  long  debate  about  the  com- 
parative merits  of  Gen.  Cadwalader  and  Col.  Biddle, 
he  insisting  that  the  latter  was  the  better  officer. 


James  Morr ell's  Trip  in  August,  1813.        425 


JAMES  MORRELL'S  ACCOUNT  OF  A  TRIP  TO 
BALLSTON  AND  SARATOGA  SPRINGS  IN 
AUGUST,  1813. 

Left  Philadelphia  on  Wednesday  morning  August 
llth,  1813,  at  7  o'clock,  on  board  the  Steam  Boat 
"Eagle,"  Captain  Rodgers.  The  company  very  nu- 
merous, about  one  hundred  and  thirty,  some  for  dif- 
ferent parts  situated  upon  the  River  Delaware  and 
others  for  the  Eastern  States.  After  having  stopped 
at  several  places  to  land  passengers,  we  unfortunately, 
and  much  to  the  disappointment  of  all  on  board,  found 
that  one  of  the  wheels  composing  a  part  of  the  Steam 
Engine  was  broken.  This  unfortunate  circumstance, 
unfortunate,  I  must  call  it,  as  we  were  all  anxious  to 
beat  the  "Phoenix"  Steam  Boat  which  had  started 
about  twenty  minutes  before  us,  and  on  which  we  were 
gaining  very  fast,  took  place  nearly  abreast  of  what  is 
called  the  old  Bake  House,  about  13  miles  from  Phila- 
delphia. I  could  not  but  remark  the  sorrowful  aspect 
and  dreadful  long  faces  caused  by  this  affair.  Poor 
creatures,  the  various  opinions  of  our  future  fate  was 
really  amusing,  having  among  us  not  a  few  old  maids, 
I  was  much  diverted  with  their  anxiety  and  I  believe 
affected  fear  of  their  being  detained  among  so  many 
unnatural  beings  as  we  are  generally  termed  by  them, 
however,  fortune  favored  us,  and  after  an  hour  and 
a  half  detention,  they  succeeded  in  repairing  the  work 
so  as  to  proceed  and  we  finally  arrived  at  Bordentown, 
about  i  past  2  o  'clock.  Here  we  were  crammed  ten  into 
one  Stage  with  all  our  baggage. 

Before  I  proceed  further  upon  my  journey,  I  shall 
beg  leave  to  make  mention  of  the  superior  style  in 


426         James  Morrell's  Trip  in  August,  1813. 

which  the  accommodations  of  the  "Eagle"  Steam  Boat 
is  fitted  up.  The  cabins  both  for  Ladies  and  Gentle- 
men surpass  anything  of  the  kind  I  have  met  with  in 
all  my  travels  heretofore.  We  dined  on  board,  the 
table  was  elegantly  laid  out,  and  of  the  best  kind,  equal 
to  any  table  in  the  best  Hotels. 

On  our  arrival  at  Bordentown,  from  the  numerous 
passengers  and  quantity  of  baggage  I  had  concluded 
upon  a  very  tiresome  and  disagreeable  ride  to  New 
Brunswick,  but  was  most  agreeably  disappointed,  as  I 
found  my  fellow  travellers  in  the  Stage  an  agreeable 
and  social  party,  consisting  of  Mr.  David  Ware,  Lady 
and  niece,  Mrs.  Hawks,  Mrs.  Bergan,  Captain  Cray- 
crofts,  Mr.  File,  a  French  Gentleman,  my  brother 
Benjamin  and  myself. 

The  Eoad  from  Trenton  to  Gulic's  Mill  and  from 
thence  to  within  a  mile  or  two  of  Brunswick,  was  such 
as  to  disgrace  any  state  or  country,  and  more  par- 
ticularly as  it  is  termed  a  turnpike  and  obliged  to  pay 
toll.  God  preserve  me  from  such  a  mode  of  accumulat- 
ing wealth ! 

On  our  arrival  at  Brunswick  at  8  o'clock,  we  sat 
down  to  a  fine  supper  at  Mr.  Draker's,  Sign  of  the 
Indian  Queen. 

Thursday,  August  12th. — Was  called  at  5  o'clock  to 
prepare  for  the  Steam  Boat  for  New  York,  called  the 
"Earitan;"  left  the  town  at  |  past  5  o'clock  on  a  Stage 
for  the  boat  which  lay  about  a  mile  down  the  Eiver. 
At  J  past  7  o'clock,  the  company  on  board,  we  departed 
for  New  York  a  distance  of  45  miles,  and  the  company 
on  board  was  about  fifty. 

The  Eiver  Earitan  from  New  Brunswick  to  New 
York  is  very  serpentine,  affording  some  very  fine  pros- 
pects, particularly  about  Middletown  Point  and  Newark 
Bay,  We  had  a  view  of  the  Newark  Steam  Boat  bound 
for  New  York  called  the  "Sea  Horse,"  a  small  boat, 
but  appears  to  move  with  much  rapidity.  There  is  a 


James  Morr ell's  Trip  in  August,  1813.         427 

charming  view  of  New  York  and  its  fortifications  on 
approaching  the  city.  The  fortification  upon  Gover- 
nor's Island  called  Castle  William,  is  three  tiers  high 
of  a  circular  form  and  appears  immensely  strong  and 
commanding,  that  opposite  upon  Gibbit  Island  (now 
Liberty  Island)  is  also  very  commanding,  then  again 
the  Battery  which  is  between  these  two  forts,  has  a 
strong  position.  These  combined  without  those  at  the 
Narrows,  which  I  could  not  see  sufficiently  to  judge  of 
their  strength,  are  inducements  sufficient  for  the  enemy 
to  be  rather  formal  in  their  visits. 

After  gratifying  ourselves  with  the  different  views 
which  offered  themselves,  we  arrived  at  New  York  and 
landed  at  the  Battery  Wharf  at  2  o'clock.  Proceeded 
with  my  brother  to  the  City  Hotel,  in  Broadway,  kept 
by  Mr.  Gibson,  where  we  took  up  our  lodgings.  At  3 
o'clock  we  sat  down  to  dinner,  the  company  about  sixty 
in  number,  some  of  whom  were  residents  of  the  city, 
others  officers  &c.,  of  both  Military  and  Navy,  a  number 
of  whom  being  stationed  here.  Met  with  Mr.  Lowery 
and  Mr.  Abrahams  of  Philadelphia  who  had  been  here 
for  several  days.  After  dinner  called  upon  some  of  my 
friends  and  spent  the  remainder  of  the  afternoon  in 
visiting  and  viewing  the  different  parts  of  the  city.  On 
the  Battery  there  was  a  large  Military  Parade,  which 
afforded  an  hour's  amusement.  In  the  evening  went 
with  my  brother  to  the  Circus  in  Broadway,  where  I 
was  much  disappointed  in  every  respect,  the  house  is 
small  and  fitted  up  in  a  poor  and  mean  manner,  having 
a  Pit  and  Boxes  without  Gallery,  lighted  up  by  about 
150  candles  upon  wooden  chandeliers,  suspended  from 
the  roof  by  a  cord.  The  audience  were  but  few,  prin- 
cipally men.  Met  with  Mr.  Eowley  and  brother  from 
Philadelphia  and  several  others  of  my  'friends.  Left 
the  Circus  about  9  o'clock  and  returned  to  our  Hotel, 
and  after  partaking  of  supper  went  to  bed. 

Friday,  13th  August. — About  6  o'clock  was  aroused 


428         James  M or r ell's  Trip  in  August,  1813. 

by  a  knocking  at  my  chamber-door  and  a  strange  voice 
calling  out  for  entrance ;  upon  opening  the  door,  I  was 
most  agreeably  surprised  to  find  it  to  be  my  brother 
Abraham,  who  had  been  absent  from  this  country  for 
several  months  and  then  on  his  way  from  the  Eastward 
for  home.  After  our  mutual  congratulations,  he  deter- 
mined upon  spending  the  day  with  us.  After  break- 
fast, in  company  with  my  brothers,  took  a  view  of  the 
city  and  its  environs.  Took  dinner  with  my  friend 
A.  H.  Inskeep,  of  the  house  of  Bradford  &  Inskeep ;  at 
6  o'clock  went  in  company  with  my  brothers  and  Mr. 
De  Click,  of  Philadelphia,  to  City  Hall  and  spent  a 
pleasant  hour  in  viewing  the  Governor's  Room  and  the 
different  paintings  which  adorn  it.  The  City  Hall  is 
a  very  beautiful  building  of  white  marble.  In  the  even- 
ing called  upon  some  of  my  friends  and  spent  a  pleas- 
ant hour  with  Miss  Huiry,  a  lady  who  I  had  often  met 
with  in  Philadelphia. 

Saturday  14th  August. — Spent  the  fore  part  of  the 
morning  in  viewing  the  different  Public  Buildings  and 
calling  upon  some  of  my  friends.  At  12  o'clock  was 
gratified  with  the  arrival  of  my  friends  Elfrith  and  Tow- 
lay  of  Philadelphia,  on  their  return  from  Schooley's 
Mountain ;  spent  the  afternoon  with  them  until  5  o  'clock 
at  which  time  I  went  with  my  brother  on  board  the  Steam 
Boat  "Paragon"  for  Albany.  The  company  on  board 
was  very  numerous,  say  about  175  persons;  the  fare 
from  New  York  to  Albany  was  Seven  Dollars,  for 
which  we  were  found  all  our  meals  and  berth,  with  a 
sufficient  of  drink  at  dinner,  either  Brandy,  Spirits; 
Wine,  if  called  for,  was  an  extra  charge.  The  arrange- 
ments of  these  boats  are  conducted  in  a  very  fine  man- 
ner, those  who  first  enter  their  names  are  permitted 
the  first  choice  of  berths  and  so  on  in  rotation.  The 
shores,  for  several  hours  after  we  left  New  York, 
were  very  high  and  picturesque,  the  cliffs  upon  the 
western  side  are  very  high  and  almost  perpendicular, 


James  Morrell's  Trip  in  August,  1813.         429 

forming  a  complete  barrier  against  anything.  Had 
England  such  a  one  around  her  Isle,  she  might  bid 
adieu  to  her  Wooden  Walls  and  laugh  at  all  invasion. 
We  passed  the  Highlands  about  Midnight,  arrived  at 
Newburgh  about  —  o'clock,  where  were  landed  and  re- 
ceived a  considerable  number  of  passengers.  I  could 
not  but  observe  and  admire  with  what  facility  and 
dispatch  passengers  were  landed  and  received  from  the 
Steam  Boat  and  at  all  hours  of  the  night.  The  mode 
was  as  follows : — They  attached  a  line  to  a  small  boat 
about  midship  and  when  cast  off  from  the  Steam  Boat, 
she  would  immediately  shear  off,  and  the  line  is  payed 
out  to  any  length  they  wish,  a  man  being  at  the  helm 
of  the  boat  she  would  be  conducted  to  any  part  they 
wished  and  as  soon  as  the  passengers  were  landed  and 
others  taken  on  board,  she  would  be  hauled  up  to  the 
Steam  Boat  by  steam,  and  all  this  done  without  stopping 
the  wheels  of  the  Steam  Boat.  Newburgh  is  situated 
on  the  left  side  of  the  Eiver,  about  60  miles  above  New 
York ;  here  is  laying  the  Frigate  ' '  John  Adams, ' '  with 
her  top-gallant-mast  housed  and  with  a  crew  only  suffi- 
cient to  keep  her  in  repair.  From  Newburgh  to  Pough- 
keepsie  is  a  distance  of  15  miles,  but  when  we  passed 
this  place,  I  had  retired  to  my  berth.  At  daybreak  I 
went  on  deck  and  was  highly  delighted  with  the  dif- 
ferent views.  We  arrived  abreast  of  a  small  village 
called  Catskill  about  9  o'clock  A.  M.  It  is  situated 
upon  the  western  side  of  the  Eiver  about  7  miles  below 
Hudson;  there  were  a  number  of  vessels  lying  at  this 
place  which  had  gone  up  the  Eiver  for  safety  during 
the  War.  There  were  a  large  number  of  vessels  lying 
in  a  fine  harbor  formed  by  an  island  called  Hyott's 
Island  and  the  main  land,  about  3  miles  below  Hudson. 
Arrived  at  Hudson  about  10  o'clock.  It -is  beautifully 
situated  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  Hudson  Eiver,  about 
30  miles  below  Albany;  there  are  some  fine  large  fire 
proof  stores  here  and  it  appears  to  be  a  place  of  con- 


430         James  Morr ell's  Trip  in  August,  1813. 

siderable  business.  Here  we  landed  about  20  passen- 
gers and  received  about  the  like  number.  Several 
large  vessels  were  lying  at  this  place,  dismantled,  the 
following  of  Philadelphia  covered  over  with  board  and 
sails:  Ships  "Thalia,"  " Kensington, ' '  "Halcyon," 
"Kebecca  Sims,"  "Missouri,"  and  several  others 
whose  names  I  could  not  see. 

On  our  approach  to  Albany  the  wharves  were  cov- 
ered with  people  in  anticipation  of  our  arrival,  whose 
curiosity  was  highly  gratified  to  find  that  we  had  on 
board  the  valiant  Gen.  Wilkinson  and  suite,  on  their 
way  to  Sackett's  Harbour,  to  join  the  American  army. 
He  was  escorted  from  the  Steam  Boat  to  Greary's 
Hotel  by  the  different  officers  and  others  stationed  at 
Albany  and  a  large  concourse  of  people.  Left  our  bag- 
gage on  board  the  boat  and  went  with  Mr.  Dobson, 
of  Philadelphia,  in  pursuit  of  a  conveyance  for  Ball- 
ston  and  after  much  trouble  succeeded  in  procuring  a 
four  horse  stage  to  carry  ourselves  and  others  for  20 
dollars,  a  distance  of  about  30  miles,  being  about  2 
dollars  for  each  of  us,  as  our  company  consisted  of 
Mrs.  Thompson  and  son,  of  New  York;  Mr.  Morris,  of 
Ballston;  Mr.  Dobson  and  mother,  of  Philadelphia; 
Mr.  Russell  and  lady,  of  New  York ;  myself  and  brother. 
We  left  Albany  about  ^  past  6  o'clock,  crossed  the 
Mohawk  Eiver  about  3  miles  from  Albany,  over  which 
there  is  a  fine  permanent  bridge,  similar  to  that  which 
crosses  the  Delaware  River  at  Trenton,  New  Jersey. 
Arrived  at  Schenectady  about  9  o  'clock,  after  a  ride  of 
15  miles  through  a  very  broken  and  barren  country, 
put  up  for  the  night  at  PowelPs  Hotel,  here  I  found  Mr. 
James  Hamilton  and  Mr.  James  Lysle  and  family  of 
Philadelphia,  Mr.  Hone  and  lady  of  New  York,  on 
their  way  to  Ballston,  partook  of  a  fine  supper  together, 
and  had  a  comfortable  bed  for  the  night. 

Monday  16th  August. — Started  early  and  went  to 
Ballston  to  breakfast,  the  company  being  so  very  nu- 


James  Morr ell's  Trip  in  August,  1813.        431 

merous  we  found  it  difficult  at  first  to  be  accommo- 
dated, which  was  finally  accomplished  at  the  Sans 
Soucie  Hotel  kept  by  Mr.  Davis.  This  is  one  of  the 
largest  establishments  in  the  United  States  and  exceeds 
anything  for  gaiety  and  dissipation  of  any  establish- 
ment or  watering  place  I  have  visited.  The  company 
consisted  principally  of  New  Yorkers,  together  with 
others  from  the  Southern  and  Middle  States.  The 
building  forms  three  sides  of  a  square,  with  immense 
out  houses,  the  whole  having  the  appearance,  at  a  dis- 
tance, of  a  small  village.  Spent  the  day  in  viewing 
the  Springs;  in  the  evening  there  was  a  Ball  at  the 
Hotel,  which  afforded  me  an  opportunity  of  seeing  the 
fairest  part  of  our  creation  in  their  neatest  attire. 
Spent  an  agreeable  evening.  Here  I  cannot  but  re- 
mark, that  the  ladies  were  dressed  as  if  they  were  at- 
tending one  of  the  finest  assemblies  in  the  Union. 

Tuesday  17th  August. — Rose  early  and  partook  of 
the  waters  whose  virtues  are  sensibly  felt  when  taken 
at  this  time  in  the  morning.  After  breakfast  went  in 
company  with  some  gentlemen  and  my  brother  to  Sara- 
toga to  spend  the  morning.  The  waters  at  this  place 
are  much  stronger  than  those  of  Ballston,  particularly 
those  of  Congress  Spring  and  Flat  Rock  Spring. 
There  is  a  fine  house  here  kept  by  Mr.  Lewis;  the 
company  not  very  numerous  and  much  in  the  style  of 
Ballston.  Met  with  several  of  my  friends  from  Phila- 
delphia, and  after  partaking  of  the  waters  and  spend- 
ing a  few  hours  with  them,  returned  to  Ballston  to 
dinner. 

Wednesday  18th  August. — After  breakfast  departed 
from  Ballston  in  company  with  Mr.  Newman  and  son, 
of  Philadelphia;  Mr.  Cordy,  of  South  Carolina;  my 
brother  and  several  others  in  a  four-horse  stage  and 
went  to  Waterford,  22  miles,  to  dine  (Damare's  Union 
Hotel).  After  ordering  our  dinner,  took  a  walk  with 
Mr.  Robinson,  Mr.  Cordy  and  my  brother  to  the  bridge 


432         James  Morr ell's  Trip  in  August,  1813. 

over  the  Mohawk  Biver,  about  1J  miles  distant.    This  is 
a  very  handsome  bridge  upon  wooden  piers  of  consider- 
able length,  and  without  arches.    From  the  bridge  we 
had  a  view  of  the  Cohoes  Falls,  about  1J  miles  distance 
above.    We  undertook  to  reach  them  upon  the  Cliffs  of 
the  Eiver  through  a  very  briery  thicket,  and  descended 
almost  perpendicularly  85  feet,  by  supporting  our- 
selves upon  the  points  of  the  rocks  and  the  roots  that 
come  through  their  crevices.    The  whole  width  of  the 
River  has  a  perpendicular  fall  of  about  60  feet.    After 
amusing   ourselves   for   some   time,   we   returned   to 
Waterford  and  found  that  our  company  had  dined  and 
after  taking  some  refreshments,  we  all  took  a  walk 
over  the  bridge  at  this  place  which  crosses  the  Hudson 
Eiver  and  which  is  similar  to  that  which  crosses  the 
Delaware  Eiver  at  Trenton,  the  passage  way  being 
under  the  arches,  the  eastern  arch  only  being  covered 
in.    Here  the  stage  took  us  up  and  in  about  one  mile 
we  passed  through  the  little  village  of  Lansingburg, 
beautifully  situated  upon  the  Hudson  Eiver.     From 
this  to  Troy  is  —  miles.    It  is  beutifully  laid  out  and 
has  some  fine  stores  and  large  handsome  buildings, 
occupied  as  private  dwellings.    We  crossed  the  Hudson 
Eiver  at  this  place  in  a  flat  bottomed  scow,  the  water 
being   sufficiently   shallow  to   admit  of  poling   over. 
Arrived  at  Albany  at  6  o'clock  and  took  up  our  lodg- 
ings at  Gregery's  Hotel.    Here  I  found  several  of  my 
friends  from  Philadelphia  on  their  return  to  that  city, 
among  them  Mr.  Biddle  and  son,  Mr.  Taylor,  Mr.  Car- 
son and  lady,  and  also  my  friend  Doctor  La  Barm  of 
the  U.  S.  Army,  who  is  stationed  at  this  place.    We  had 
a  fine  view  of  the  U.  S.  Barracks  at  Greenbush,  at 
which  place  there  were  about  500  troops  stationed,  and 
is  beautifully  situated. 

Thursday  19th  August. — After  breakfast  went  on 
board  the  Steam  Boat  "Paragon"  for  New  York;  com- 
pany on  board  about  120.  In  the  evening  the  company 


James  M or r ell's  Trip  in  August,  1813.        433 

assembled  in  the  cabin,  where  a  very  eloquent  Prayer 
was  delivered  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Romain,  of  New  York. 
We  arrived  at  New  York  the  next  morning  at  8  o'clock, 
after  a  passage  of  160  miles  in  23  hours.  Spent  the 
morning  in  calling  upon  my  friends,  and  after  dinner 
went  in  company  with  Mr.  Taylor  and  my  brother  to 
Brooklyn.  In  the  evening  called  upon  my  old  friend 
Mr.  A.  H.  Inskeep. 

Saturday  21st  August. — After  breakfast  went  with 
some  of  my  friends  to  Governor's  Island  to  view  the 
fortifications;  there  being,  however,  an  order  issued 
prohibiting  strangers  from  going  through  them,  we 
were  obliged  to  return,  after  spending  an  hour  with 
the  officers  at  their  Quarters.  Dined  with  my  friend 
A.  H.  Inskeep. 

Sunday  22nd  August. — Left  New  York  at  6  o'clock 
on  the  Pilot  Line  Stage  and  arrived  at  Philadelphia 
after  a  ride  of  90  miles  in  13  hours. 


VOL.  XXXIX.— 28 


434     Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licenses,  1742-48. 


PENNSYLVANIA  MARRIAGE  LICENSES, 
1742-1748. 

(Continued  from  page  372.) 

1748. 
January. 

Spencer  Trotter — Margaret  Williams 
James  Adams — Sarah  Jones 
Mathew  Cummins — Eliz.  Warren 
Thomas  Ely— Sarah  Dicks 
Richard  Custard — Eliz.  Brownback 
Thomas  Withers — Agnes  Steen 
George  Allen — Mary  Harding 
John  Stagg — Dorothy  Crue 
William  Browning — Abigale  Custard 
William  Weldon — Sarah  Whealy 
Thomas  Williams — Sarah  Preston 
Alexander  Sager — Ann  Dant 
John  Arts — Eliz.  Gratehouse 
David  Hall — Laycock  Grebig 

February. 

John  Austin — Martha  Morgan 
Richard  Addis — Susanna  Haslet 
Isaac  Lewis — Mary  Phipps 
William  McKnight — Susanna  Bond 
Caspar  Bus  sard — Deborah  Yocum 
Joseph  Lane — Mary  Bobkin 
Thomas  DiJks — Rhody  Langly 
Peter  Martlew — Elizabeth  Elder 

March. 

Anthony  Adamson — Dorothy  Haines 
Rees  Howel — Sarah  West 


Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licenses,  1742-48.      435 

John  Evans— Sarah  Denny 
Thomas  Kennard — Mary  Ecoff 
Lewis  Lewis — Elis.  Rees 
John  Eoody — Rachel  Naeff 
John  Ringer — Anna  Maria  Nesen 
Henry  Graffs — Mary  Fowler 
Thomas  Leonard — Eliz.  Martgridge 
Robert  Thomson — Hannah  Delaplaine 
William  Davison — Esther  Deverik 
Isaac  Taylor — Sarah  Stone 

April. 

George  David — Eliz.  James 

Edmund  McVeagh — Eliz.  Whartenby 

Thomas  Reid — Margaret  Davies 

Balthaser  Kreamer — Eliz.  Gerrard 

Henry  Harrison — Mary  Aspden 

Daniel  Cavanaugh — Hannah  Demsey 

William  Allen — Jane  Reed 

Peter  Johnson — Sarah  Vankirk 

John  Wendell — Rebecca  Bay 

Emanuel  Rouse — Mary  Jackson 

John  Blakely— Eliz.  Barkley 

Nathan  Warley — Eliz.  Tomkins 

Ephraim  Leech — Mary  Nixon 

Robert  Jenny — Jane  Eliz.  Cummins  (Gratis) 

May. 

—Bird—  — Shippy 

John  Davis — Agnes  Darrough 
Evan  Pennall — Elizabeth  Powell 
Nicholas  Burghard — Hannah  Frederica  Pessbear 
William  Davis — Sarah  Davis 
Swan  Justis — Mary  Jones 
Richard  Busby — Eliz.  Richardson 
James  Ferice — Sarah  Smallwood 


436      Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licenses,  1742-48. 

William  Ellis — Eebecca  Collins 
James  Toy — Patience  Walles 
Benjamin  Parker — Mary  Briton 
Hugh  McClones — Eachel  Banes 
James  Charlesworth — Ann  Crimp 
David  dimming — Sarah  Jobson 


June. 

John  Dixon — Mary  Wilson 
John  Wilson — Ann  Edwards 
George  Plosis — Mary  Hastings 
William  Guy — Mary  Scot 
Woolrick  Allen — Mary  Mandlin 
John  Hamilton — Margaret  Hamilton 
Tristram  Davis — Isabel  Jamison 
John  Miller — Jane  Gale 
Samuel  Eockwell — Martha  Milner 
Arthur  Latimore — Mary  Wilson 

*  John  Way — Mary  Pearce 
*Edward  Ogle — Margaret  Howard 

*  Charles  Gilfoy — Margaret  Ellison 
*James  Stevenson — Eliz.  Weldon 

*  James  Carson — Mary  Espy 

*  Charles  Pearce — Ann  Austill 


July. 

Michael  Hendrick — Sarah  Neil 
John  Denton — Mercy  Eoberts 
William  Allison — Mary  Pennington 
Eobert  Ladner — Elizabeth  Pyles 
Joseph  Devit — Agnes  Nise 
David  Griffith — Hannah  Emmit 
Thomas  Boncher — Mary  Farell 
Samuel  Crispin — Sarah  Barnet 

*  Returned  by  Pastor  Tranberg. 


Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licenses,  1742-48.      437 

Robert  Smith— Sarah  Stilly 
James  Skerret — Susanna  Warner 
William  Weldon — Sarah  Thomas 
William  Henderson — Celia  Frewin 
John  Parsons — Susanna  Adamson 

August* 

Samuel  Wickward 
Henry  Wright 
John  Stevens 
John  Smith 
John  Caruthers 
Thomas  Evans 
Archibald  Christie 
James  Berney 
David  Roberts 
William  Tate 
Thomas  Fox 
David  Davis 
Giles  Lawrence 
David  Lynn 
Anthony  Palmer 
Robert  Warren 

September. 

Morris  Evan — Mary  Buchan 
Cadwalader  Morgan — Lydia  Cooper 
Ulrich  Teakley — Susanna  Sommerour 
John  Blakeney — Jane  Parker 
John  Pine — Isabel  Bruce 
William  Purcell — Margaret  Kirkby 
William  Fowler — Susanna  Jones 
Thomas  Nevill — Mary  Davis 
Nicholas  Knight — Margaret  Warner 
William  Stanley— Eliz.  Fulton 

Mr.  Peters  has  not  entered  the  names  of  the  women  for  this  month. 


438      Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licenses,  1742-48. 

James  Bailey — Rebecca  Davis 
Patrick  Miller— Susanna  Molton 
Edward  Williams— Mary  Brown 
Leonard  Herman — Barbara  Keupler 
Joseph  Ferguson — Martha  Walmer 
Jacob  Spike — Susanna  Allen 
James  Bodine — Sarah  Bessonet 
Francis  Le  Blan— Eliz.  Till 
Jno.  McFarson — Margaret  Eogers 
Jno.  Parkinson — Mary  Daniel 
Thomas  Parkman — Eliz.  Stapler 

October. 

William  Moritz — Hannah  Berkman 
Dennis  Dyer — Abigal  Edwards 
John  Corbet— Mary  Todd 
Mathew  Bay — Sarah  Hanner 
Solomon  Hilliard — Jane  Buckley 
David  Dewer — Susanna  Thornhill 
Peter  Harper — Eve  Deel 
Stacey  Woodall — Rachel  Likens 
John  Williams — Sarah  Whealey 
Erasmus  Leaver — Catherine  Meary 
James  Boyse — Mary  Grimes 
Joseph  Beddow — Eliz.  Sallows 
Jno.  Stockerd — Eliz.  Collins 
Jonathan  Case — Eliz.  Durborow 
George  Stevenson — Rebecca  Dickinson 
James  Penington — Jane  Palmer 
Benjamin  Peters — Dorothy  Battin 
Ezekiel  Rambo — Eliz.  Holstein 
Samuel  Austin — Widow  Stilley 

November. 

John  Carson — Ann  Pywell 
William  Falkner— Abigal  Harcott 


Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licenses,  1742-48.      439 

Joseph  Bates — Anna  Smith 
Jno.  Mayhew — Rachel  Harverd 
Thomas  Collet — Lydia  Van  Horn 
James  Menzie — Elinor  Willing 
Nicholas  Hicks — Christ.  Alburtson 
Melchior  Meng — Mary  Colliday 
David  Moffit — Rachel  Robinson 
Thomas  Joyce — Eliz.  Smith 
John  Hevenson — Mary  Henderson 
Isaac  Milner — Hannah  Fischer 
George  Smith — Anna  Margaret  Bauman 
Jonathan  Carmalt — Elizabeth  Stenton 


440       A  Missionary's  Tour  to  Shamokin,  1753. 


A  MISSIONARY'S  TOUR  TO  SHAMOKIN  AND 
THE  WEST  BRANCH  OF  THE  SUSQUE- 
HANNA,  1753. 

The  Indian  town  of  Shamokin  was  situated  a  short 
distance  below  the  junction  of  the  north  and  west 
branches  of  the  Susquehanna  and,  in  1747,  consisted 
of  upwards  of  fifty  huts  and  300  inhabitants.  Prior 
to  1728,  it  became  the  seat  of  a  viceroy  of  the  Six 
Nations,  who  ruled  for  them  the  tributory  tribes  that 
dwelt  along  the  Susquehanna.  It  was  a  favorite  halt- 
ing place  for  the  Iroquois  warriors  on  their  predatory 
expeditions  against  the  Catawbas  and  Cherokees,  where 
they  held  carousals  before  returning  to  Onondaga. 
David  Brainerd,  who  visited  the  town,  states  "that 
Satan  seems  to  have  his  seat  in  this  town." 

Viceroy  Shikellemy,  who  became  acquainted  with  the 
Moravians  in  Bethlehem  through  Zinzendorf  in  1742, 
requested  them  in  1747  to  build  a  blacksmith  shop  in 
the  town,  and  gave  them  the  site  for  a  mission  house 
and  garden  patch.  Here  some  of  their  prominent  mis- 
sionaries labored  for  the  ensuing  eight  years,  when  the 
mission  was  given  up  owing  to  the  Indian  hostilities. 
Shikellemy  was  always  friendly  to  the  Proprietary  in- 
terests and  scarce  a  treaty  between  1728  and  1748  for 
the  purchase  of  lands  but  he  was  present,  and  by  his 
moderate  counsels  aided  in  amicable  solutions  of  intri- 
cate questions.  He  was  taken  sick  while  returning 
from  a  visit  to  Bethlehem  and  died  December  17,  1748, 
the  missionary  Zeisberger  being  present  and  partici- 
pating at  his  burial  some  days  later. 

The  original  manuscript  of  the  following  journal  of 
Rev.  Bernard  A.  Grube,  who  visited  Shamokin  and  the 


A  Missionary's  Tour  to  Shamokin,  1753.        441 

Indian  towns  along  the  west  branch  in  1753,  is  pre- 
served in  the  Archives  at  Bethlehem,  Penna. 

August  21,  1753. — At  10  a.m.,  in  company  with  Bro. 
Kaske,  I  set  out  from  Bethlehem,  with  tender  feelings 
for  my  brethren. 

August  22. — At  noon  we  came  to  John  Miillers',  in 
Heidelberg,  and  found  him  ill;  and  at  evening  to 
Loeschers ',  who  welcomed  us  cordially. 

August  23. — Continued  our  journey  to  Shamokin — 
passed  the  Blue  Mountains,  Thiirnstein,  Anna's  Val- 
ley to  and  Benigna's  Creek,  to  home  of  a  high  Dutch 
settler ;  where  we  passed  the  night  uncomfortably. 

August  24. — Journeyed  on  and  when  we  reached 
Jacob's  heights  lost  the  road  and  came  to  a  high  Dutch 
settler  who  recognized  us  as  coming  from  Bethlehem 
on  the  way  to  Shamokin,  and  told  us  that  the  minister 
there  had  preached  for  the  German  settlers  here  abouts 
and  that  next  week  they  intended  to  send  for  him  again. 
In  the  evening  we  reached  Shamokin  and  found  our 
three  brethren  well  and  contented.  They  were  anxious 
to  hear  the  news  from  Bethlehem,  as  for  five  months 
they  have  had  no  visitors  from  there. 

August  25. — Marx  Kiefer  [blacksmith]  prepared  to 
return  to  Bethlehem  and  we  sent  letters  by  him.  After 
dinner  Bro.  Martin  [Mack]  and  Grube  visited  the 
Indians  living  here,  who  showed  themselves  exceedingly 
friendly.  Several  children  are  down  with  the  small- 
pox. 

August  26. — In  the  forenoon  we  again  visited  the 
Indians  and  then  prepared  for  our  journey  to  Quen- 
ischachochky  [now  Linden]  (a  Delaware  town  sixty 
miles  beyond  Shamokin,  on  the  West  Branch).  In  the 
afternoon  Mack  and  Grube  set  out  in  a  canoe ;  visited 
a  couple  of  lodges  four  miles  beyond  Shamokin,  where 
Capt.  Logan  [the  second  son  of  Shikellemy]  lives,  but 
he  was  away  from  home  in  the  Seneca  land.  Here  we 
found  a  Shawnese  in  his  hut  deadly  sick  of  small-pox, 


442        A  Missionary's  Tour  to  Shamokin,  1753. 

[he  died  the  following  day].  A  few  weeks  ago  he  re- 
turned from  a  raid  on  the  Catawbas,  the  part  of  which 
nation  that  has  not  yet  made  peace  with  the  Six  Na- 
tions. The  captain  was  an  Oneida,  who,  with  four  of 
his  men  were  killed,  the  others  fled,  one  of  them  this 
Shawnese,  also  two  Tutelars,  who  on  the  day  of  their 
arrival  died  of  small-pox.  We  paddled  on  and  came 
to  the  place  where  last  year  we  tried  to  pass  a  fall  and 
when  half  way  up  Martin's  pole  broke,  the  canoe  turned 
and  Grube  fell  into  the  water  without  hurt. 

August  27.— Paddled  on  and  soon  came  to  John 
Shikellemy's  hunting  lodge,  who  is  here  with  several 
Shawnese  families.  They  were  glad  of  the  visit  and 
gave  us  some  bear's  meat.  The  children  were  very 
friendly  with  Grube,  who  gave  them  some  sweet-cakes, 
which  pleased  them.  After  dinner  we  reached  Monsey 
Creek,  40  miles  from  Shamokin,  where  we  put  our 
canoe  in  care  of  an  Indian  we  knew,  as  the  water  began 
to  grow  rapid.  We  shouldered  our  packs  and  walked 
on  and  met  a  couple  of  drunken  Indians  who  teased  us 
for  tobacco  and  then  began  to  get  ugly.  Grube  gave 
them  several  cuts  which  satisfied  them  and  they  let  us 
go.  Towards  evening  we  reached  Otstonwakin  [Mon- 
toursville],  where  Mack  pointed  out  the  spot  where 
Zinzendorf  and  his  party  had  pitched  their  tents  [in 
1742].  We  proceeded  several  miles  further  and  took 
up  our  quarters  for  the  night  by  a  creek. 

August  28. — About  9  a.m.,  came  to  a  small  town, 
where  Madam  Montour's  niece,  "  French "  Margaret, 
lives  with  her  family.  She  welcomed  us  cordially,  led 
us  into  her  hut  and  set  before  us  milk  and  watermelons. 
Grube  told  her  that  Mack  had  come  from  Bethlehem  on 
purpose  to  visit  her,  and  on  his  asking  her,  "Mother, 
do  you  know  me;"  "Yes,  my  child"  she  replied,  "but 
I  have  forgotten  where  I  saw  you."  Mack  said,  "I 
saw  you  eight  years  ago  on  the  island  at  Shamokin, 
where  you  were  living  with  your  brother  Andrew  Sat- 


A  Missionary's  Tour  to  Shamokin,  1753.        443 

telehu. ' '  Hereupon  she  bethought  herself,  that  at  that 
time  she  had  come  down  from  Allegheny  on  her  way  to 
Philadelphia.  She  was  exceedingly  friendly  and  testi- 
fied that  it  was  " heart 's-dear  to  her/'  that  we  visited 
her,  only  she  said  she  was  sorrowing  for  the  loss  of  her 
son  and  son-in-law,  who  were  killed  last  Winter  in  the 
war  against  the  Creeks.  We  told  her  that  we  would 
leave  our  packs  here  and  go  to  the  Delawares  at  Quen- 
ischaehochky  to  visit  them.  "Oh!"  said  she,  "the  In- 
dians up  there  have  been  a  few  weeks  past  drinking,  and 
we  would  undoubtedly  find  them  all  drunk. ' '  On  coming 
there  however,  we  found  all  quiet,  and  the  people 
modest  and  friendly  to  us.  We  visited  several  huts, 
enquired  diligently  about  Christian  Eenatus,  but  failed 
to  see  him ;  we  heard  he  had  gone  to  peel  bark  for  his 
brother  the  Captain,  who  is  building  a  new  hut.  We 
stayed  here  'till  towards  evening,  and  had  not  as  yet 
eaten  anything.  On  coming  back  to  "French"  Mar- 
garet, she  asked  us  at  once  whether  we  had  had  any- 
thing to  eat  and  as  we  said  no,  she  pitied  us,  ran  and 
brought  us  milk,  which  somewhat  refreshed  us.  She 
sat  with  us  a  long  time  and  talked  of  many  things, 
especially  of  Andrew,  of  her  husband,  who  for  six  years 
has  drank  no  whiskey  and  who  had  persuaded  two  men 
from  drinking. 

August  29. — Early  in  the  morning  we  returned  to 
the  Delaware  town  to  hunt  up  Christian  Kenatus,  and 
at  last  found  him,  and  had  a  satisfactory  interview  with 
him. 

We  returned  to  "French"  Margaret  to  take  leave  of 
her.  As  to  Andrew  Sattelehu,  he  is  now  interpreter 
for  Virginia  and  receives  a  salary  of  £  300.;  twice  he 
has  visited  Onondogo  this  Summer,  and  now  will  be 
sent  to  Allegheny,  and  to  bring  back  with  him  Mar- 
garet's relatives  who  still  live  in  French  Canada.  The 
French  have  set  £  100.  on  his  head.  The  Governor  has 
also  made  him  a  Colonel  and  presented  him  with  a  tract 


444       A  Missionary's  Tour  to  Shamolcin,  1753. 

of  land  on  the  Potomac.  The  Six  Nations  have  let  it 
be  known,  that  whatever  nation  should  kill  him,  with 
it  they  would  begin  war;  therefore  he  is  held  in  high 
esteem  among  them. 

With  regard  to  " French "  Margaret:  She  is  a 
woman  for  whom  the  Indians  have  great  respect;  she 
allows  no  drunkards  in  her  town.  Her  husband  is  a 
Mohawk,  but  understands  French  well  as  also  their 
children,  but  seldom  speak  it. 

After  taking  leave  of  her  we  journeyed  on  to  Monsey 
Creek  to  our  canoe;  a  blanket  and  some  provisions 
wrapt  in  it  had  disappeared.  We  begged  a  woman  for 
a  few  ears  of  corn,  as  we  had  nothing  left  to  eat.  Be- 
low the  creek  we  visited  a  small  Shawnese  town,  which 
a  few  years  ago  was  occupied  by  some  of  that  tribe 
from  Wyoming,  and  found  old  Shikasa  here,  who  has 
lived  here  since  last  Spring,  and  was  quite  friendly. 
John  Shikellemy,  who  lives  here,  has  a  Shawnese  wife. 
We  asked  for  a  little  meat  as  we  had  scarcely  anything 
to  eat  and  were  given  a  choice  piece  of  bear's  meat. 
Shikellemy 's  family  have  mostly  left  Shamokin,  as  it 
is  uncomfortable  for  Indians  there,  for  if  they  plant 
they  cannot  enjoy  it,  so  many  strange  Indians  pass 
through  the  town  whom  they  must  feed.  Our  people 
also  find  it  hard,  because  all  that  are  hungry  come  to 
them — they  feed  perhaps  one  hundred  per  annum.  We 
camped  for  the  night  at  a  pleasant  spot  on  the  Susque- 
hanna. 

August  30. — Paddeled  on  and  towards  evening  came 
to  Shamokin,  where  our  brethren  were  delighted  to  see 
us. 

August  31. — Visited  the  Indians  and  told  them  that 
tomorrow  we  will  set  out  for  Bethlehem,  and  will  leave 
only  the  smith  and  another  brother. — 


Dr.  Thomas  Grceme  to  Thomas  Penn,  1750.      445 


LETTER  OF  DR.  THOMAS  GR^ME  TO  THOMAS 
PENN,  1750. 

[The  following  letter  is  one  of  a  number  in  the  "Penn  Manuscripts," 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  written  by  Dr.  Thomas  Graeme,  of 
Graeme  Park,  to  Thomas  Penn,  urging  the  laying  out  of  a  town  in  the 
"Forks  of  ye  Delaware"  [Easton]  and  the  formation  of  a  new  county 
[Northampton].  The  fear  that  the  large  number  of  German  settlers  in 
that  section  would  have  considerable  political  influence,  was  well 
founded.  At  the  first  election  for  Assemblyman,  1752,  James  Burnsides 
defeated  William  Parsons,  the  Proprietary  candidate;  but  in  1753,  Par- 
sons was  successful;  in  1754,  Burnsides  was  again  elected,  and  in  1755, 
William  Edmonds  was  successful.  Burnsides  and  Edmonds  were 
Moravians,  but  natives  of  Great  Britain.  To  this  day,  the  "Pennsyl- 
vania Dutch"  vote,  is  an  important  factor  at  all  elections  in  the  county.] 

Philada  Nover.  6th,  1750. 
Honoured  Sir, 

I  had  the  pleasure  of  transmitting  to  you  by  Mr. 
Hockley  my  reasons  for  establishing  a  Town  on  your 
Land  on  the  point  of  the  fforks,  which  I  hope  are  come 
safe  to  hand  sometime  agoe;  as  well  as  that  you  find 
the  argument  therein  urg'd  on  just  grounds;  at  least 
for  myself  I  think  they  are  so,  else  should  never  pre- 
sum'd  to  offer  to  you  Sr  what  I  thought  was  in  any- 
ways to  the  contrary.  However  from  some  small 
conversation  I  have  since  had  with  your  Secretary 
Mr  Peters,  I  begin  to  doubt  whether  he  be  so  clearly 
of  the  same  Opinion  as  I  think  he  first  gave  me 
grownds  to  believe;  yet  I  may  be  mistaken,  for  I  did 
not  press  for  any  explanation  on  that  head,  knowing 
it  was  sufficient  to  refer  the  whole  to  your  Judgement 
before  whom  it  must  come  for  its  ultimate  decision. 

The  present  clamour  of  a  great  many  people  here  of 
all  Banks,  ffriends  as  much  as  others,  is  that  the  Dutch, 
by  their  numbers  and  Industry,  will  soon  become 


446      Dr.  Thomas  Graeme  to  Thomas  Penn,  1750. 

Masters  of  the  province,  and  also  a  Majority  in  the 
Legislature  therefore  by  all  ways  and  means  are  to  be 
circumscribb  'd  and  restraind,  the  late  Instance  of  a 
tumultuous  Election  in  the  New  County  of  York  is 
aduced  as  an  Instance  of  their  disposition  and  man- 
ners, this  was  made  use  of  by  Mr  Peters  to  my  self, 
when  talking  together  of  the  Town  now  in  question,  he 
said  it  would  be  a  Dutch  Town,  I  told  Jiim  I  made  no 
doubt  of  that,  but  by  delaying  it,  it  would  be  still  more 
so  when  it  came  to  be  established  some  time  hence,  for 
at  present  there  are  more  Irish  in  the  fforks  than 
Dutch,  and  he  knew  from  this  time  the  Dutch  would  in- 
crease  much  faster  than  the  Irish,  as  well  by  purchas- 
ing their  lands,  as  by  a  greater  yearly  addition  to  their 
numbers,  thus  we  dropt  the  argument,  yet  it  left  that 
suspition  with  me  that  he  was  not  so  much  on  the  side 
of  the  question  with  me  as  I  imagined 

Some  Short  time  after  this  I  happened  to  have  an 
Accidental  conversation  with  the  Governor,  who  was 
justly  enough  complaining  of  the  prospect  there  was 
in  time  of  the  Dutch  getting  into  the  Administration 
of  Government,  allowing  at  the  same  time  they  were 
the  best  settlers  and  improvers  of  the  Country;  I 
replyd  that  there  was  an  easie  way  to  prevent  it,  and 
seemingly  to  please  the  Dutch  too,  he  was  very  de- 
sirous to  know  what  that  might  be,  I  told  him  he  might 
observe  that  the  Legislature  in  Erecting  the  two  late 
Countys,  allowd  them  only  Two  Members  each,  and 
that  upon  the  division  of  the  Countys  of  Philada  & 
Bucks,  which  was  also  much  wanting,  if  they  brought 
the  division  line  16  or  18  Miles  to  the  Southward  of 
Reading,  and  that  of  Bucks  as  far  to  the  Southward  of 
the  fforks,  and  to  each  County  Two  Members,  they 
would  by  this  division  comprehend  to  a  triffle  the  whole 
Body  of  the  Dutch,  and  consequently  forever  exclude 
them  from  becoming  a  Majority  in  the  assembly  for 
Allow  Lancaster  York  and  the  Two  not  yet  appointed 


Dr.  Thomas  Grceme  to  Thomas  Penn,  1750.     447 

Countys  to  send  all  Dutch  it  would  make  but  teu  Mem- 
bers in  38,  and  to  this  if  the  assembly  would  be  induced 
to  add  Two  more  to  the  City  of  Philada  it  would  still 
strengthen  this  Scheme. 

Mr.  Hamilton  said  he  had  considered  it  long  as  a 
Subject  of  great  importance,  and  had  fallen  on  the 
very  same  thought,  as  the  best  expedient  for  prevent- 
ing the  Evil  in  prospect;  yes  I  told  him  it  ought  to  be 
done  in  time  and  with  privacy  in  regard  to  the  Inten- 
tion, for  the  Dutch  might  soon  discover  which  way  this 
would  operate,  he  in  this  readily  agreed. 

Now  Sir  I  leave  you  to  consider  upon  the  fact  I 
wrote  you  before,  and  what  I  now  offer  here  to  your 
consideration,  whether  you  ought  speedily  or  not  cause 
a  Town  to  be  laid  out  in  the  fforks  as  already  described, 
suppose  you  laid  it  out  any  where  else  it  would  be  no 
Town  of  Trade,  but  the  whole  carryd  over  into  the 
Jerseys  at  the  fferry  point,  which  would  immediately 
open  the  Eyes  of  the  Jersey  Government  towards  so 
visible  an  advantage,  again  suppose  you  delay  it,  that 
passage  will  still  grow  more  considerable  and  equally 
point  out  their  Interest,  but  more  especially  if  it  is  as 
Mr  Marty n  tells  me,  that  the  people  in  Morris  County 
are  wanting  a  Subdivision  of  that  County,  if  you'l  then 
please  Sr  to  cast  your  Eye  on  Evanses  Map,  youl  im- 
mediately see  how  naturaly  that  County  will  divide 
by  the  line  of  East  and  West  Jerseys,  now  the  Seat  of 
Judicators  for  the  whole  of  that  County  is  at  Morris 
Town,  formerly  Whippany  by  which  name  its  laid 
down  in  the  Map  from  whence  youl  immediately  dis- 
cover how  natural  and  obvious  it  would  be  to  that 
people  and  Government  to  place  their  Town  in  case  of 
such  New  County,  directly  over  against  you  at  the 
fferry  point.  Shure  I  am  had  the  Owners  o'f  the  Lands 
on  the  Jersey  side  examined  into  this  affair  with  half 
the  attention  I  have  done  it  would  not  be  long  before 
they  sett  such  a  project  on  foot,  but  Sr  as  I  wrote  you 


448     Dr.  Thomas  Gr&me  to  Thomas  Penn,  1750. 

before  I  have  suppressd  this  part  of  the  argument  from 
them  and  every  body  else,  till  I'm  honourd  with  your 
Commands. 

As  I  have  taken  some  pains  in  considering  this  affair 
its  natural  for  people  to  say  I  have  an  Interest  in  it, 
I  readily  agree  and  acknowledge  it  for  no  doubt  from 
the  Towns  being  settled  here  I  expect  a  considerable 
increase  in  the  Value  of  the  1000  Acres  that  lys  on  the 
same  Creek  yet  if  my  Arguments  Stand  on  their  own 
Bottom,  and  not  to  be  answerd  by  any  reason  to  the 
contrary,  that  objection  will  have  little  fforce.  There 
will  I  understand  be  a  petition  to  the  assembly  this 
Winter  for  a  division  of  Bucks  County,  and  they  pro- 
pose Tochickin  for  the  Southern  bounds,  as  for  the 
acceptance  of  it,  it  must  be  left  to  time.  I  could  have 
mentioned  several  other  things,  but  have  trespassd  so 
much  already  by  the  length  of  this,  that  I  have  rather 
your  pardon  to  ask,  and  to  acknowledge  how  much  I 
am  Honoured  Sr  your  most  obedient  most  humble 
Servant. 

Tho.  Graeme. 

I  have  one  .remark  more  for  which  I  must  a  little 
longer  entreat  your  patience  &  then  shall  have  done. 
The  Moravians  being  early  Settlers  in  the  fforks,  and 
on  a  grander  Scheme  than  common;  they  with  good 
Judgement  laid  out  the  public  Eoads  for  themselves, 
the  benefit  of  which  is  very  sensibly  now  felt  by  those 
who  have  settled  since.  Thus  Bethlhem  is  their  first 
and  chief  Settlement  so  far  as  iTrega?3s  a  Town,  but 
Nazereth  from  whence  it  is  Ten  Miles  distant,  is  by  far 
the  most  considerable  for  fine  and  large  plantations, 
Thus  Sr  if  youl  please  to  conceive  (which  I  know  you 
easily  can  by  the  help  of  your  draughts)  Nazereth  to 
be  situated  some  pretty  good  distance  below  the  Center 
of  their  5QOO  Acres  where  they  have  a  fine  plantation, 
from  thence  at  about  Two  or  Three  Miles  distance  on 
each  side  Like  Wings  they  have  large  and  beautifull 


Dr.  Thomas  Graeme  to  Thomas  Penn,  1750.      449 

plantations,  and  having  good  Runns  of  Water  each  of 
those  plantations  on  the  Wings  of  the  great  Body  of 
Land,  have  a  Grist  Mill  and  Saw  Mill  as  good  as  any 
in  the  province.  Now  Sr  to  render  their  communica- 
tion free  and  regular  they  first  opened  a  Koad  from 
Bethlhem  to  Nazereth  all  in  a  direct  course,  and  then 
on  each  side  of  Nazereth  as  a  Center  their  Roads  to  the 
plantations  on  the  Wings,  these  answerd  very  well  for 
their  privat  correspondance  &  communications,  but  by 
no  means  sufficient,  for  general  commerce  and  exporta- 
tion which  all  the  Country  as  well  as  they  very  much 
wanted,  therefore  they  &  the  Country  have  but  lately 
finished  a  Road,  for  that  purpose,  the  course  of  which 
is  thus,  they  begin  at  Bethlhem  and  by  a  small  slanting 
course  North  East  from  thence  they  goe  about  a  Mile 
and  half,  and  from  thence  by  a  direct  Course  all  the 
way  thro7  some  Barrens  some  plantations  thro  your 
1000  Acres  till  they  arrive  at  the  fferry  point  of  the 
same,  this  they  call  the  York  Road,  because  they  have 
no  other  communication  yet  open  to  them  that  will 
answer  for  Trade  but  York  by  the  way  of  Brunswick, 
for  still  to  Brunswick  they  must  come. 

I  apprehend  Sr  from  this  small  description  of  their 
Public  Roads,  and  how  they  are  all  contrivd  by  the 
settlers  themselves  to  Center  and  terminat  at  your 
point  of  Land  where  the  fferry  is  kept  for  going  over 
into  the  Jerseys,  would  as  effectually  convey  to  your 
conception  the  use  necessity  and  advantage  of  a  Town, 
as  any  other  reasoning  I  could  make  use  off.  Im  only 
sorry  I  should  give  you  so  much  trouble  by  so  tedious 
a  narration,  but  believe  me  the  ffacts  are  the  Truth,  as 
I  am  Honoured  Sr  repeatedly 

Your  most  obedient  most  humble  servant 

Tho.  Graeme. 


VOL.  XXXIX.— 29 


450  Early  Documents,  1733-1734. 


EARLY  DOCUMENTS  OF  THE  LIBRARY  COM- 
PANY OF  PHILADELPHIA,  1733-1734. 

[The  original  manuscripts  of  the  following  Agreement  between  the 
Library  Company  of  Philadelphia  and  William  Parsons,  the  Librarian, 
and  the  mode  of  nominating  new  members,  have  recently  been  added  to 
the  Manuscript  Division  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.] 

MEMORANDUM  OF  AGREEMENT  indented  made  the  Four- 
teenth Day  of  March  A°  D1  1733/4  Between  Benjamin 
ffranklin  Wm  Rawle  Thos  Godfrey  Hugh  Roberts  An- 
thony Nicholas  Tho8  Cadwallader  John  Jones  Henry 
Pratt  &  Tho8  Hopkinson  a  Committee  of  Directors  of 
the  Library  Company  of  Philadelphia  for  &  on  Behalf 
of  the  said  Company  of  the  one  part  &  Wm  Parsons 
of  the  City  of  Philad*  Scrivener  of  the  other  Part  Viz. 
That  the  sd  Wm  Parsons  shall  be  the  Librarian  of  the 
sd  Company  for  &  during  such  Time  &  for  such  Salary 
or  Reward  as  shall  from  Time  to  Time  be  agreed  on 
between  the  Directors  of  the  sd  Company,  for  the  Time 
being,  &  the  sd  Librarian  The  Salary  at  present  agreed 
on  being  at  the  Rate  of  Six  pounds  pr  Annum. 

That  on  the  last  Day  of  every  Week  he  shall  attend 
at  the  Library  from  4  o'clock  in  the  Afternoon  till  8, 
to  lend  out  &  receive  in  Books  of  the  sd  Company. 

That  of  every  Borrower  of  Books  who  is  of  the  Com- 
pany he  shall  at  every  Time  of  Borrowing  take  a  Note 
of  Hand  of  such  Form  &  for  such  Sum  &  Time  as  cus- 
tomary. 

That  for  the  Books  he  shall  lend  to  Persons  who  are 
not  of  the  Company  he  shall  take  a  Pledge  in  Money 
equal  to  the  Sum  mentioned  in  the  Notes  of  Hand  of 
Subscribers  in  Partnership  And  shall  also  take  Notes 


Early  Documents,  1733-1734.  451 

of  Hand  of  such  Persons  expressing  the  Time  of  the 
Loan  and  Forfeiture  of  the  Money  upon  their  Default 
And  that  they  shall  pay  8d  pr  Week  for  all  Folios,  6d 
pr  Week  for  all  Quartos  and  4d  pr  Week  for  others  and 
make  good  all  Damages  And  that  such  Books  only  as 
are  of  the  first  Parcel  &  have  been  given  to  the  Com- 
pany shall  be  lent  to  such  Persons  until  further  order. 

That  the  sd  Librarian  shall  not  put  any  of  the  Notes 
in  Suit  nor  assign  any  of  them  without  order  of  a  Com- 
mittee of  Directors. 

That  he  shall  not  lend  any  Books  or  Book  to  any  Per- 
son who  has  made  Default  and  has  not  made  Satisfac- 
tion. 

That  he  shall  attend  the  Directors  at  any  of  their 
Meetings  to  which  they  shall  warn  him. 

That  he  shall  yield  up  &  deliver  to  the  sd  Directors, 
for  the  Time  being,  or  their  order  all  the  sd  Books,  or 
Notes  of  Hand  for  such  as  are  lent  out,  and  all  Cash 
Papers  &  Effects  whatsoever  which  shall  be  in  his 
Custody  belonging  to  the  said  Company  within  the 
Space  of  one  Month  after  the  same  shall  be  demanded 
of  him  by  the  Directors  for  the  Time  being  Damage  by 
Fire  and  other  unavoidable  Accidents  excepted. 

And  the  sd  Directors  do  hereby  agree  for  themselves 
&  their  Successors  That  they  will  be  at  the  Charge  of 
Printing  the  Notes  to  be  given  by  all  Borrowers  of 
Books  out  of  the  sd  Library  as  aforesd  And  that  they 
will  receive  of  the  sd  Librarian,  at  any  time  within  the 
Space  of  one  Month  after  requested,  all  such  Books 
Notes  of  Hand  Cash  Papers  and  Effects  whatsoever 
which  shall  be  in  his  Custody  belonging  to  the  sd  Com- 
pany and  shall  give  him  proper  Discharges  for  the 
same  In  Witness  whereof  the  said  Parties  to  these 
Presents  have  interchangeably  set  their  Hands  and 
Seals  hereunto 

Dated  the  Day  and  Year  first  within  written 


452  Early  Documents,  1733-1734. 

Sealed  and  Delivered 
In  the  presence  of  us, 
John  Eoberts 
Joseph  Breintnall 

B.  Franklin 
Wm  Eawle 
Tho8  Cadwalader 
Tho8  Godfrey 
John  Jones  junr 
Henry  Pratt 
Tho8  Hopkinson 
1733 

Mem0  y6 14th  March  1733/4  That  the  Books  delivered 
to  the  within  mentioned  Librarian  are  29  Folios  20 
Quartos  107  Octavos  and  88  Duodecimos,  amounting 
in  y8  Whole  to  239  Volumes  Besides  Notes  of  Hand  for 
3  Folios  1  Quarto  7  Octavos  &  5  Duodecimos  Together 
with  19  Historia  Litterarias  6  Magazines  &  a  few  other 
Pamphlets  &  Papers. 

Witnesses  at  Signing 

John  Eoberts 

Joseph  Breitnall 

Tho8  Hopkinson 

1733 

Henry  Pratt 
B.  Franklin 
Jn°  Jones  junr 
Tho8  Godfrey 
Wm  Eawle 
Tho8  Cadwalader 

Nomination  of  John  Mifflin  for  Membership. 

27th  of  Aug81 1734 

Such  of  the  Directors  of  the  Library  Company  as  ap- 
prove of  John  Mifflin 's  being  admitted  a  Member  are 


Early  Documents,  1733-1734.  453 

desired  to  shew  their  Consent  by  subscribing  their 

Names  thereto 

B.  Franklin, 
John  Jones  junr, 
Fr8  Richardson, 
Wm  Eawle, 
Tho8  Godfrey, 
Hugh  Roberts, 
Tho8  Hopkinson, 
Tho9  Cadwalader 
Philip  Syng  junr 
Wm  Coleman. 


454  Casar  Rodney's  Ride,  July  1776. 


CAESAR  RODNEY'S  RIDE,  JULY  1776. 

[At  the  present  time  there  is  a  proposition  receiving  considerable 
attention  to  erect  a  statue  to  Hon.  Casar  Rodney,  of  Delaware,  and 
also  to  mark  the  route  of  his  memorable  ride  to  the  Congress,  in  Phila- 
delphia, to  break  the  tie  vote  of  the  delegates  from  Delaware,  on  the 
resolution  for  independence.  Hon.  Thomas  McKean,  at  his  own  expense, 
sent  a  mounted  messenger  to  Rodney,  urging  his  attendance  when  the 
final  vote  was  to  be  taken.  The  following  letters  in  the  McKean  Papers, 
Manuscript  Division,  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  are  of  interest 
in  this  connection.] 

Ccesar  A.  Rodney  to  Thomas  McKean. 

Wilmington  August  22nd  1813. 
Honored  &  Dear  Sir, 

I  have  long  expected  to  see  the  journal  of  the  stamp 
act  congress  published  by  itself  on  fine  paper  and  with 
excellent  type,  and  I  was  extremely  desirous  of  pre- 
senting the  last  surviving  patriot  of  that  illustrious 
body  with  a  copy  of  their  proceedings  printed  in  a 
style  they  so  deservedly  merit.  But  I  have  been  dis- 
appointed &  must  now  beg  your  acceptance  of  two 
numbers  of  the  Register,  containing  the  whole  of  their 
journal.  The  perusal  of  it,  will  remind  you  of  other 
times  when  pure  disinterested  patriotism  pervaded 
this  country.  At  that  early  period  you  resolved,  that 
no  taxes  could  be  imposed  upon  us,  but  by  our  own 
representatives.  The  same  patriotic  spirit  directed  us 
thro'  the  revolution.  Your  letters  to  my  uncle  during 
the  most  perilous  &  trying  seasons  of  that  memorable 
contest  breathe  the  most  determined  resistance  to 
British  oppressions,  &  manifest  the  most  ardent  zeal 
for  the  welfare  of  our  country.  I  have  carefully  pre- 
served them.  But  by  accident  have  lost  or  mislaid  the 
letter  you  wrote  to  my  uncle  when  at  your  own  expense 
you  dispatched  an  express  for  him  to  come  to  Philad* 


Casar  Rodney's  Ride,  July  1776.  455 

&  vote  on  the  question  of  Independence,  the  States  hav- 
ing been  equally  divided,  &  the  state  of  Delaware  itself, 
giving  no  vote,  as  you  were  for  it,  &  Mr.  Bead  against 
it.  I  think  you  informed  me,  that  you  did  not  see  him 
until  you  found  him  conversing  with  Mr  Read  in  the 
State-house  yard.  And  that  when  he  came  into  Con- 
gress, you  rose  &  stated  "that  congress  had  been 
"equally  divided  on  the  great  question,  &  that  the 
"State  of  Delaware  itself  was  also  equally  divided,  & 
"it  remained  with  him  to  give  the  casting  vote.  That 
"it  was  for  this  important  purpose,  you  had,  at  your 
"own  expense  sent  for  him."  Upon  which  he  imme- 
diately observed,  that  he  should  vote  for  Independence 
as  he  believed  all  the  honest  men  were  in  favor  of  it. 
I  regret  to  loose  a  paper  that  would  show  how  much 
the  independence  of  this  country  depended  on  your  own 
individual  exertion,  as  nothing  should  be  lost  to  poster- 
ity on  as  interesting  a  subject,  I  should  be  glad  to 
receive  from  you  when  leisure  will  admit,  the  candid 
account  you  have  given  me  of  this  important  trans- 
action. 

I  fear  we  have  degenerated  from  our  sires.  The 
times  have  changed.  Another  age  has  succeeded.  Your 
letters  &  those  of  your  co-patriots  of  the  revolution, 
might  kindle  the  holy  fire,  tho*  it  seems  nearly  extin- 
guished. 

With  every  sentiment  of  respect  affection  &  grati- 
tude I  remain 

Yours  Truly 

&  Affectionately 

C.  A.  Rodney 

Thomas  McKean  to  Caesar  A.  Rodney. 

Philadelphia  September  22d  1813. 
Dear  Sir, 

Your  favor  of  the  22d  last  month,  with  a  copy  of  the 
journal  of  the  Congress  at  New- York  in  October  1765, 


456  Ccesar  Rodney's  Ride,  July  1776. 

printed  in  the  Baltimore  Register,  came  safe  to  hand. 
Not  having  heard  of  this  publication,  I  had  the  pro- 
ceedings of  that  Body  not  the  whole  reprinted  here 
about  2  months  ago,  from  a  copy  I  found  in  the  1st 
Vol.  of  "American  Tracts "  contained  in  four  volumes 
octavo  edited  by  J.  Almon  of  London  in  1767.  Such 
an  important  transaction  should  not  be  unknown  to  the 
future  historian. 

I  recollect  what  passed  in  Congress  in  the  beginning 
of  July  1776  respecting  Independence;  it  was  not  as 
you  have  conceived.  On  Monday  the  1st  of  July  the 
question  was  taken  in  the  committee  of  the  whole,  when 
the  State  of  Pennsylvania  represented  by  seven  Gen- 
tlemen then  present  voted  against  it:  Delaware, 
having  then  only  two  Representatives  present  was 
divided;  all  the  other  States  voted  in  favor  of  it. 
Whereupon,  without  delay  I  sent  an  Express  at  my 
private  expense  for  your  honored  Uncle  Caesar  Rod- 
ney Esquire,  the  remaining  member  for  Delaware, 
whom  I  met  at  the  State-house  door,  in  his  boots  & 
spurrs,  as  the  members  were  assembling;  after  a 
friendly  salutation  without  a  word  on  the  business 
we  went  into  the  Hall  of  Congress  together,  and  found 
we  were  among  the  latest:  proceedings  immediately 
commenced,  and  after  a  few  minutes,  the  great  ques- 
tion was  put;  when  the  vote  for  Delaware  was  called 
your  uncle  arose  and  said,  "As  I  believe  the  choice  of 
my  Constituents  and  of  all  sensible  &  honest  men  is  in 
favor  of  Independence  &  my  own  judgement  concurs 
with  them,  I  vote  for  Independence, "  or  in  words  to 
the  same  effect.  The  State  of  Pennsylvania  on  the  4th 
of  July  there  being  only  five  members  present,  Messrs. 
Dickinson  &  Morris,  who  had  in  the  committee  of  the 
whole  voted  against  Independence  were  absent  voted 
for  it;  three  to  two  Messra.  Willing  &  Humphries  in  the 
negative.  Unanimity  in  the  thirteen  States,  an  all  im- 
portant point  on  so  great  an  occasion,  was  thus  ob- 


Ccesar  Rodney's  Ride,  July  1776.  457 

tained;  the  dissension  of  a  single  State  might  have 
produced  very  dangerous  consequences. 

Now,  that  I  am  on  the  subject,  I  will  tell  you  some 
truths,  not  generally  known.  In  the  printed  public 
journal  of  Congress  for  1776,  vol.  2.  it  would  appear, 
that  the  declaration  of  Independence  was  signed  on  the 
4th  July  by  the  members,  whose  names  are  there  in- 
serted; but  the  fact  is  not  so,  for  no  person  signed  it 
on  that  day  nor  for  many  days  after,  and  among  the 
names  subscribed,  one  was  against  it,  Mr.  Eead,  and 
seven  were  not  in  Congress  on  that  day  namely  Messrs. 
Morris,  Rush,  Clymer,  Smith,  Taylor  &  Boss  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  Mr  Thornton  of  New-Hampshire;  nor 
were  the  six  Gentlemen  last  named  at  that  time  mem- 
bers; the  five  for  Pennsylvania  were  appointed  Dele- 
gates by  the  Convention  of  that  State  on  the  20th  July, 
and  Mr  Thornton  entered  Congress  for  the  first  time  on 
the  4th  of  November  following:  when  the  names  of 
Henry  Wisner  of  New  York  &  Thomas  McKean  of 
Delaware  are  not  printed  as  subscribers,  tho'  both  were 
present  and  voted  for  Independence. 

Here  false  colours  are  certainly  hung  out;  there  is 
culpability  somewhere.  What  I  can  offer  as  an  apology 
or  explanation  is;  that  on  the  4th  of  July  1776  the 
declaration  of  Independence  was  ordered  to  be  in- 
grossed  on  parchment  &  then  to  be  signed,  and  I  have 
been  told,  that  a  resolve  had  passed  a  few  days  after 
and  was  entered  on  the  secret  journal,  that  no  person 
should  have  a  seat  in  congress,  during  that  year,  until 
he  should  have  signed  the  declaration,  in  order  as  I 
have  been  given  to  understand  to  prevent  traitors  or 
spies  from  worming  themselves  amongst  us.  I  was  not 
in  Congress  after  the  4th  for  some  months,  having 
marched  with  my  regim1  of  associates  of  this  city,  as 
Colonel,  to  support  General  Washington  until  a  flying 
camp  of  ten  thousand  men  was  completed.  When  the 
associators  were  discharged  I  returned  to  Philadelphia, 


458  Ccesar  Rodney's  Ride,  July  1776. 

took  my  seat  in  Congress  &  then  signed  the  declaration 
on  parchment.  Two  days  after  I  went  to  Newcastle, 
joined  the  Convention  for  forming  a  constitution  for 
the  future  government  for  the  State  of  Delaware  hav- 
ing been  elected  a  member  for  Newcastle  county  which 
I  wrote  in  a  tavern,  without  a  book  or  any  assistance. 

You  may  rely  on  the  accuracy  of  the  foregoing  rela- 
tion. It  is  full  time  to  print  &  publish  the  secret  jour- 
nal of  Congress  during  the  Ee volution. 

I  have  thus  answered  your  request,  and  trust  it  may 
reform  errors.  Accept,  dear  Sir,  my  best  wishes  for 
your  happiness 

T.  McKean. 
Caesar  Augustus  Rodney  Esquire. 

Thomas  McKean  to  John  Adams. 

Philadelphia.  Jan17  27th:  1814. 
Dear  Sir, 

In  your  favor  of  the  26th  November  last  you  say, 
"that  you  ventured  to  say,  that  about  a  third  of  the 
people  of  the  Colonies  were  against  the  Revolution." 
It  required  much  reflection  before  I  could  fix  my 
opinion  on  this  subject,  but  on  mature  deliberation  I 
conclude  you  are  right,  and  that  more  than  a  third  of 
influencial  characters  were  against  it.  The  opposition 
consisted  chiefly  of  the  Friends  or  Quakers,  the  Meno- 
nists,  the  Protestant  Episcopalians,  whose  clergy  re- 
ceived salaries  from  the  Society  for  propogating  the 
gospel  in  foreign  parts;  and  from  the  officers  of  the 
Crown  &  Proprietors  of  provinces,  with  their  con- 
nexions, adding  the  timid  and  those  who  believed,  the 
colonies  would  be  conquered,  and  that  of  course  they 
would  be  safe  in  their  persons  &  property  from  such 
conduct  and  also  have  a  probability  of  obtaining  office 
&  distinction,  and  also  the  discontented  &  capricious  of 
all  grades. 


C&sar  Rodney's  Ride,  July  1776.  459 

I  have  not  heard  the  specific  sum  of  money  Mr  C.  J. 
Marshall  received  for  his  copy-right  of  the  life  of 
Washington,  nor  have  I  been  able  to  obtain  any  certain 
information  concerning  it:  but,  if  he  obtained  a  sixth 
part  of  what  you  mention,  I  think  he  ought  to  be  con- 
tented. 

During  my  protracted  life  I  neither  have  had  leisure 
or  inclination  to  write  a  history,  and  at  my  present 
age  it  is  out  of  the  question.  It  is  true,  I  have  been 
often  spoken  to  and  even  sollicited  by  a  great  many  of 
my  learned  acquaintance  to  undertake  that  of  the 
American  Kevolution,  beginning  at  the  year  1760  or 
before,  among  them,  Doctor  Rush,  your  former  corre- 
spondent, was  not  the  least  anxious. 

Tho'  I  shall  never  write  a  history,  I  will  give  you 
an  historical  fact  respecting  the  declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence, which  may  amuse,  if  not  surprize. 

On  the  1st  July  1776  the  question  was  taken  in  the 
committee  of  the  whole  of  Congress,  when  Pennsyl- 
vania represented  by  seven  members  then  present, 
voted  against  it;  4  to  3.  among  the  majority  were 
Eobert  Morris  &  John  Dickinson,  Delaware  having 
only  two  present,  namely  myself  &  Mr  Head  was  di- 
vided: all  the  other  States  voted  in  favor  of  it.  The 
report  was  delayed  until  the  4th  &  in  the  mean  time  I 
sent  an  express  for  Caesar  Rodney  to  Dover  in  the 
county  of  Kent  in  Delaware,  at  my  private  expense, 
whom  I  met  at  the  State-house  door  on  the  4th  of  July 
in  his  boots ;  he  resided  eighty  miles  from  the  city,  and 
just  arrived  as  Congress  met.  The  question  was  taken, 
Delaware  voted  in  favor  of  Independence,  Pennsyl- 
vania there  being  only  five  members  present,  Mess™ 
Dickinson  &  Morris  absent  voted  also  for  it;  Mess™ 
Willing  &  Humphries  were  against  it.-  Thus  the  thir- 
teen States  were  unanimous  in  favor  of  Independence. 
Notwithstanding  this,  in  the  printed  public  journal  of 
Congress  for  1776,  vol.  2.  it  appears,  that  the  declara- 


460  Casar  Rodney's  Ride,  July  1776. 

tion  of  Independence  was  declared  on  the  4th  of  July 
1776,  by  the  Gentlemen,  whose  names  are  there  in- 
serted; whereas  no  person  signed  it  on  that  day,  & 
among  the  names  there  inserted,  one  Gentleman, 
namely  George  Eead  Esquire,  was  not  in  favor  of  it; 
and  seven  were  not  in  Congress  on  that  day,  namely 
Mess™  Morris,  Eush,  Clymer,  Smith,  Taylor  &  Boss, 
all  of  Pennsylvania,  and  Mr  Thornton  of  New-Hamp- 
shire, nor  were  the  six  Gentlemen  last  named  members 
of  Congress  on  the  4th  of  July.  The  five  for  Pennsyl- 
vania were  appointed  Delagates  by  the  Convention  of 
that  State  on  the  20th  of  July,  and  Mr  Thornton  took 
his  seat  in  Congress  for  the  first  time  on  the  4th  Novem- 
ber following:  when  the  names  of  Henry  Wisner  of 
New  York  and  Thomas  M°Kean  of  Delaware,  are  not 
printed  as  subscribers,  tho'  both  were  present  in  Con- 
gress on  the  4th  of  July  &  voted  for  Independence. 

Here  false  colours  are  certainly  hung  out;  there  is 
culpability  somewhere:  what  I  have  heard  as  an  ex- 
planation is  as  follows ;  when  the  declaration  was  voted, 
it  was  ordered  to  be  ingrossed  on  parchment  and  then 
signed,  and  that  a  few  days  afterwards  a  resolution 
was  entered  on  the  secret  journal,  that  no  person  should 
have  a  seat  in  Congress  during  that  year  until  he  should 
have  signed  the  declaration  of  Independence.  After 
the  4th  of  July  I  was  not  in  Congress  for  several  months, 
having  marched  with  a  regiment  of  Associators  as 
Colonel  to  support  General  Washington,  until  the  fly- 
ing camp  of  ten  thousand  men  was  completed.  When 
the  associators  were  discharged,  I  returned  to  Phila- 
delphia, took  my  seat  in  Congress  &  signed  my  name 
to  the  declaration  on  parchment.  This  transaction 
should  be  truly  stated,  and  the  then  secret  journal 
should  be  made  public.  In  the  manuscript  journal,  Mr 
Pickering,  then  Secretary  of  State,  and  myself  saw  a 
printed  half  sheet  of  paper,  with  the  names  of  the 
members  afterwards  in  the  printed  journals,  stiched 


Ccesar  Rodney's  Ride,  July  1776.  461 

in.     We  examined  the  parchment  where  my  name  is 
signed  in  my  own  hand-writing. 

A  glimmering  of  peace  appears  in  the  Horizon ;  may 
it  be  realized:  but  every  preparation  should  be  made 
for  a  continuance  of  the  war.  When  the  British  arms 
have  been  succesful,  I  have  never  found  their  Eulers 
or  Ministers  otherwise  than  haughty,  rude,  imperious, 
nay  insolent.  They  and  their  allies  have  this  year  been 
succesful,  both  in  the  North  &  South  of  Europe. 

My  sight  fades  very  fast,  tho'  my  writing  may  not 
discover  it. 

God  bless  you. 

Your 

Thomas  M°Kean. 
His  Excellency  John  Adams. 


462  Four  Gossipy  Letters. 


FOUR  GOSSIPY  LETTERS. 

SELECTED  BY  J.  C.  WYLIE. 

[The  following  gossipy  letters  have  been  selected  from  the  Norris  and 
Pemberton  Papers,  in  the  Manuscript  Division  of  the  Historical  Society 
of  Pennsylvania.  One  of  the  letters  of  Charles  Norris  addressed  to 
James  Wright,  "At  Hempfield,  near  Susquehanna,"  contains  an  interest- 
ing reference  to  the  State  House  Bell.] 

Charles  Norris  to  James  Wright. 

My  Good  ffriend 

It  gave  me  pleasure  to  hear  you  got  home  well,  and 
as  thou  mentions  the  weathr  shall  observe,  When 
Froggs  and  Flys  the  Land  possess,  To  moderate  the 
Colds  Excess,  By  croaking  throats  and  Humming  Wing, 
Gladly  to  welcome  the  aproaching  Spring,  When  these 
their  watry  Council  hold,  and  These  Salute  with  buss- 
ings  Bold,  we  may  Conclude  the  winter's  past,  and 
Geneal  Spring  aproaches  fast — which  brings  to  mind 
the  Gardiners  Care,  To  plant  &  Soe  all  things  rare,  and 
first  we  think  of  Colliflowers  tast,  To  Soe  its  Seed  with 
utmost  hast,  for  fear  the  Season  sh'd  Eelaps  and  we 
not  regale  our  watry  Chaps,  with  Its  delicious  tast  & 
food,  w**  sure  wo'd  put  in  Dudgeon  mood,  Then  how 
shall  I  the  sequel  tell,  when  those  Possest  with  seed, 
wont  sell.  However  to  be  a  little  more  serious  Debby 
bids  me  tell  thee  that  she's  in  hopes  to  prevale  on 
Dubree  to  spare  a  little  &  was  this  a  good  Day  to  have 
sent  a  Messenger,  wod  not  have  postponed  it  till  an- 
other, and  can  she  get  any  thou  may  depend  on  a  por- 
tion. 

Please  To  Tender  my  Gratefull  Acceptances  of  the 
Muffatees  to  my  kind  friend  Sukey  Taylor,  &  tell  her 


Four  Gossipy  Letters.  463 

were  I  a  young  Fellow,  from  whose  Mouth  or  Pen  such 
Eeturn  wod  be  suitable  &  apropo,  wod  say,  was  the 
weathr  as  Cold  as  Green  Lands  Air,  Its  utmost  Eigour 
I  wod  not  fear,  But  Proud  to  Breath  the  Frigid  Land, 
while  arm'd  wth  Shield  from  thy  fair  hand,  I'd  think 
the  Region  not  too  Cool,  but  warm  my  heart  by  Buf- 
falo's wool.  But  in  more  moderate  Terms  may,  And 
perhaps  with  greater  Sincerity,  acquaint  her  w"1  my 
obligations  for  her  warm  presnt  Truly  Debby  tells  me 
she  Intends  to  Borrow  them  on  Extraordinary  Occa- 
sions, to  Draw  over  her  Gloves,  and  w01  a  Muff  to 
Defend  her  Arms  from  any  cold  our  Clymate  has  in 
petto. 

I  did  Design  to  have  made  the  othr  side  Contain  all 
my  Budget,  but  finding  myself  in  Scribling  Mood,  and 
as  all  Great  Talkers,  fill  up  the  Chief  part  with  Trifles 
at  least,  If  not  downright  Nonsence;  to  provoke  thee 
to  thro'  all  into  the  fire  as  soon  as  thou  hast  drudg'd 
to  the  End.  Intend  to  fill  up  this  Side  also  &  realy  find 
accordg  to  my  Scheam  have  made  pritty  Progress — 

We  have  got  thro '  the  Office,  Satt  two  days  and  let  out 
abfc  £1000, — Leech,  Yarnal,  &  self,  had  the  whole  man- 
agem1, — I  fully  expected  Minshall,  but  did  hear  or  see 
Nothing  of  him.  We  supply 'd  all  the  applyers  on  the 
last  day,  Sign'd  a  Deed  to  Stephn  Evans  for  the  Plant* 
sold  by  Fra.  Yarnal,  mortgaged  by  Jno.  Thomas  in 
Chester  County  &  postponed  Peter  Ashton's  till  next 
Office. 

And  lastly  I  Cordially  Present  my  Good  Wishes  for 
the  Health  &  prosperity  of  my  Hempfield  Frds,  Pticu- 
larly  the  Lady's,  viz  Thy  Sistr,  thy  Spouse  and  Neases 
as  if  pticularly  nam'd.  But  before  I  mention  thy  own 
name  shall  ask  thee  a  question  or  two:  have  you  any 
wild  Cherry  tree  Scantling  Remg  on  hand,  does  the 
wood  take  long  seasoning,  is  the  Diffr  of  Good  or  Bad 
Grain  to  be  known  while  the  Tree  is  standing,  or  is 
there  any  othr  Question  to  be  ask'd  By  an  Ignoramus 


464  Four  Gossipy  Letters. 

to  make  fully  acquainted  with  all  its  Quality's  thy 

answer  will  oblige 

Thy  Assd  Frd, 

Chas.  Norris. 

Feby  15th  1753 

Charles  Norris  to  James  Wright.1 

[Mar.  29, 1753.] 

Thus  far  had  wrote  before  I  rec'd  thine  p  post,  to 
which  now  add,  that  observe  thou  hast  been  unwell; 
Use  air,  moderate  Exercise  and  avoid  Physick;  and 
I  hope  thou'l  receive  benefit  from  the  prescription.  I 
shall  be  pleas  'd  to  see  thee  at  our  next  Office  and  also 
Susa  Taylor,  and  am  Comiss'd  to  send  Debby's  &  H 
Harrisons  Invit8  to  her,  who  will  readily  receive  her, 
and  endeavr  to  make  Philad*  agreable  while  she  gives 
us  the  pleasure  of  her  Compy.  I  don't  know  what  sort 
of  weathr  is  fitest  for  clean8  Hemp  But  if  Eain  is  not 
suitable,  am  sure  there  has  been  a  meserable  season, 
But  I  thought  Susqa  Hills  divided  the  Clouds  &  Scattrd 
the  rain  from  you  in  Westrly  winds  &  that  the  Eastrly 
winds  did  not  reach  you,  that  I  expected  what  wth  us 
was  very  wet,  wod  not  be  so  wth  you. — Ed  Woolley  this 
day  has  begun  to  raise  the  Belfry  in  order  to  hang  the 
Bell  so  that  its  likely  when  thou  comes  down  may  hear 
the  sound  thereof  and  judge  for  thyself,  for  the  People 
seem  divided  abl  the  Goodness  or  badness  thereof,  and 
it  is  to  be  hung  in  order  that  every  Body  may  hear  & 
Judge,  that  is  Every  Body  who  has  any  Vote  whethr 
it  shall  remain  as  it  is,  or  be  recast — I  am  afraid  the 
Colly  fflowr  seed  was  not  good  for  several  who  has  used 
it  Complain  as  thou  doest  and  believe  we  shall  have  but 
a  slendr  Crop.  We  have  Pease  &  Beans  and  Aspara- 
grass  too.  I  have  not  heard  who  is  likely  to  succeed 

1  First  part  of  letter  missing. 


Four  Gossipy  Letters.  465 

Kookson,  it  is  not  laziness  but  want  of  more  Paper 
obliges  me  to  Conclude 

Thy  Affec1  ffrd 

Chas  Norris 


John  Cox  to  Hannah  Pemberton. 

Burlington,  Dec.  28, 1781 
Dear  Cousin 

It  was  a  fortunate  Circumstance  that  thy  sweet  little 
form  was  not  deposited  in  our  Sleigh,  for  we  never 
reach 'd  the  habitation  of  Fidelia  till  Nine  O'clock,  very 
cold  &  wet.  I  have  not  time  now  to  expatiate  on  the 
manifold  wretchednesses  of  our  calamitous  situation 
in  crossing  Ankokas  Creek,  and  other  et  ceteras,  that 
shall  be  the  subject  of  a  future  letter.  In  this,  I  take 
the  liberty  of  trespassing  on  thy  time  to  request  on 
behalf  of  a  lady — a  genteel  Stranger  in  this  Town — that 
thee  will  be  good  enough  to  speak  for  a  pair  of  the 
very  best  and  most  fashionable  Stays,  and  get  them 
finished  as  soon  as  may  be.  I  have  been  often  press 'd 
to  take  this  Commission,  and  as  often  evaded  it,  lest  I 
should  not  execute  it  to  satisfaction — but  she  insists 
on  my  taking  it  under  my  Care,  &  I  promised  to  write 
to  some  lady  of  my  acquaintance  in  the  City,  on  the 
subject.  I  should  have  made  some  enquiry  when  in 
Town,  but  it  escaped  my  Memory.  If  thee  can  recollect 
the  size  of  Kitty  Lawrence,  it  will  be  a  guide  to  thee 
in  the  form  &c.  perhaps  thy  own  size  will  be  as  good  a 
model. 

My  Fidelia  joins  me  in  love  to  thee  and  your  good 
Folks.  I  am  with  regard  one  of  the  sincerest  of  thy 

well  wishers  &c.  &c.  &c. 

Alphenor. 


VOL.  XXXIX.— 30 


466  Four  Gossipy  Letters. 

Hannah  Pemberton  to  Sally  Pemberton. 

Burlington  7th  mo :  12th  1782 
My  dear  Sister 

I  fully  intended  writing  to  thee  by  Eusebius— but  his 
very  short  stay  prevented  me  from  writing  to  any 
other  than  my  dear  Sophia,  she  is  a  good  amiable  Girl, 
and  merits  those  attentions  from  my  hands.  I  am 
convinced  that  for  me  she  has  a  sincere  friendship, 
she  possesses  an  heart  that  is  formed  for  inspiring  it; 
and  feeling  all  its  delicate  refinements,  she  unites  the 
Characters  of  the  pleasing  Companion,  and  obliging 
friend— may  she  be  uninterruptedly  happy. 

I  am  much  pleased  with  Almyra's  company,  it  is  an 
agreeable  addition  to  my  other  satisfactions — Yet  I 
know  not  the  reason — but  she  appears  excessively  dull 
— and  there  is  a  very  great  gloom  in  her  countenance, 
which  plainly  indicates  some  uneasiness  of  mind,  and 
that  all  is  not  "  peace  within ";  gladly  would  I  remove 
the  Cause  was  it  in  my  power — but  alas  that  I  am 
incapable  of,  for  I  suppose  tis  on  account  of  her 
Lysander's  absence — I  wonder  not  at  her  depression— 
her  situation  is  an  unpleasing  one.  I  feel  for  her  on 
the  occasion. 

Cousin  S:  Logan,  and  myself,  spent  an  agreeable 
afternoon  yesterday,  with  the  Miss  Lawrences — there 
was  a  large  Company  there,  a  Dr.  Stockdon,  and  a  Capt 
Savage,  were  our  Beaus.  Nancy,  and  Juliana  Chew, 
came  in  the  Evening. 

I  am  very  sorry  to  hear  of  poor  Joe's  indisposition 
am  in  hopes  he  is  by  this  time  perfectly  recovered— 
thee  must  have  been  greatly  alarmed,  I  felt  much  for 
thee  when  I  read  the  relation  of  the  scene  he  was  wit- 
ness to,  in  his  extreme  illness. 

The  Swains  are  very  attentive,  &  call  frequently  to 
see  me.  I  had  a  visit  this  morning  from  J :  Clifford— 
as  soon  as  he  was  gone  Ben  Chew  came  in,  and  spent 


Four  Gossipy  Letters.  467 

the  remainder  of  it  with  me  in  agreeable  and  sentimen- 
tal Conversation.  I  thought  him  rather  affected,  the 
first  time  I  was  in  his  Company,  but  on  a  more  social 
acquaintance  it  wears  off,  and  he  is  really  clever.  I 
showed  him  the  ode  to  Sensibility,  he  and  Alphenor 
think  it  a  very  indifferent  performance — and  say  that 
there  were  but  four  Lines  in  it  worth  reading — which 
are  those  respecting  Major  Andre — he  looked  over  the 
other  Manuscripts  I  brought  with  me  for  Alphenor  to 
see — complimented  the  Collection  &  requested  permis- 
sion to  peruse  them,  this  I  could  not  refuse  and  lo  and 
behold  he  took  them  away.  Cousin  Hannah  and  my  self 
are  going  this  afternoon  to  visit  his  Sisters. 

My  engagements  are  numerous — tell  my  Brother 
Parke  I  am  infinitely  obliged  to  him  for  the  mighty 
Packet  he  so  kindly  sent  me,  I  absolutely  have  not  had 
in  my  power  to  read  it.  My  dear  Maria  is  equally  pro- 
fuse with  her  attentions — omit  not  also  to  present  her 
with  my  respectful  acknowledgements,  and  inform  them 
both  I  shall  not  easily  forget  their  proofs  of  [torn  out] . 

I  have  entirely  left  off  my  old  fashion  of  rising  at  5 
[torn  out]  the  morning — such  an  early  hour  is  look'd 
upon  here  extremely  ungenteel  [torn  out].  I  feel  ex- 
ceedingly happy  in  conforming  to  the  Customs  of  the 
Village  [torn,  "and  continue, "]  my  repose  with  great 
composure  till  eight  and  must  say  I  think  it  one  of  the 
most  delightful  places  to  sleep  in,  that  I  have  ever 
known,  it  [torn  out]  all  that  quietude  and  serenity  so 
friendly  to  Morpheus. 

I  suppose  Grandmother  has  by  this  time  become  an 
Inhabitant  of  her  new  Habitation — do  send  me  word — 
and  how  you  all  are — how  you  dispose  of  yourselves 
in  my  absence  &c — Little  Molly  is  well — but  I  think 
she  looks  very  thin  &  her  Cousins  tell  Her  she  has  a 
poor  appetite — I  din'd  there  with  her  yesterday — she 
has  been  busily  engaged  in  working  pin  Cushions — 
with  which  she  is  mightly  pleas 'd — but  seems  to  be 


468  Four  Gossipy  Letters. 

now,  quite  tired  of  Burlington  &  wants  much  to  go 
home. 

Alphenor  returns  tomorrow  evening,  let  me  hear 
from  thee  by  him — send  me  a  clean  pr.  of  Cuffs — frock 
for  Molly — My  kind  love  to  my  Father  &  Mother — 
Grandmother — Dr.  Parke  &  Eachel — kiss  dear  little 
Tom  &  Hannah  for  me — and  give  my  respects  to 
Leontine. 

Clara1 

1  John  Cox  was  "Alphenor,"  "Sophia"  was  Sally  Fisher. 


From  the  Waste  Books  of  the  Sun  Inn.       469 


EXCERPTS  FROM  THE  WASTE  BOOKS  OF 
THE  SUN  INN,  AT  BETHLEHEM,  PENNA., 
1760-1799. 

Truths  which  no  attention  wake, 

When  poets  sing  or  parsons  teach, 
Perchance  may  some  impression  make, 

When  thus  a  public  house  may  preach. 

With  the  building  of  settlements  and  the  laying  out 
of  noted  farms  on  the  Moravian  tracts  at  Bethlehem 
and  Nazareth,  in  Northampton  County,  it  was  found 
necessary,  to  facilitate  communication,  between  them, 
to  build  a  road  through  "the  Drylands. "  This  road, 
ten  miles  in  length,  joined  the  Minisink  road  on  the 
north  with  its  terminus  at  the  Hudson  river,  and  from 
Bethlehem  south,  the  roads  which  lead  to  the  capital  of 
the  Province.  With  the  natural  increase  of  travel 
which  followed,  two  houses  of  entertainment  had  to  be 
built,  the  Red  Rose  Inn,  near  the  present  town  of 
Nazareth,  and  the  Sun  Inn  at  Bethlehem.  It  is  among 
the  Waste  Books  of  this  latter  hostelry  we  have  been 
delving,  which  for  so  many  years  enjoyed  a  wide  repu- 
tation for  the  excellence  of  its  table  and  Madeira  wine, 
and  provided  for  the  comfort  and  pleasure  of  so  many 
distinguished  foreign  travelers,  Colonial  and  Revolu- 
tionary officers  and  prominent  citizens  of  the  country. 

The  Sun  was  the  favorite  resort  of  the  Penns,  Aliens 
and  others,  en  route  to  Trout  Hall  or  the  foot  hills  of 
the  Blue  Mountains,  hunting  for  grouse  and  larger 
game.  While  Philadelphia  was  occupied  by  the  British 
army,  the  town  was  the  seat  of  a  Continental  hos- 
pital, and  after  the  battle  of  Brandywine  over  nine 
hundred  wagons,  containing  the  heavy  baggage  and 
stores  of  Washington's  army,  were  parked  in  the  low- 


470       From  the  Waste  Books  of  the  Sun  Inn. 

land  to  the  rear  of  the  inn,  under  guard  of  Col.  Polk, 
and  sick  and  wounded  officers,  fleeing  Congressmen  and 
citizens  taxed  the  resources  of  the  inn. 

A  chronicler  of  the  town  records  that  the  doors  of 
the  Sun  were  opened  September  25, 1760,  for  the  enter- 
tainment of  guests,  and  it  is  from  that  date,  to  the 
close  of  the  year  1799,  that  the  selections  from  the 
Waste  Books  cover. 

Waste  Book. 

1761,  August  9. — Gov.  Penn  and  company  of  8. 

1762,  May  1. — Gen.  Napier. 
June  20. — Gen.  Sir.  W.  Johnston. 
June  29. — Gov.  Penn. 

1765,  March  £3.— William  Allen,  Jr. 

July  6. — Oov.  John  Penn,  brother  and  W.  Allen,  Jr. 

1766,  September  5. — Sir  Thomas  Sterling,  Captain 
Koyal  Highlanders. 

1768,  April  27. — Gov.  Penn,  wife,  brother  and  suite. 
June   16. — Lord    Charles    Montague,    Governor   of 

South  Carolina,  wife  and  suite. 

1769,  April  24. — Gov.  Penn,  wife  and  suite. 
June. — Gov.  William  Franklin,  of  N.  J. 
1772.— Gen.  Gage  and  family. 

1773,  May  29.— Gov.  Penn. 

1774,  April  12. — Baron  von  Repsdorf,  Gov.  Gen.  St. 
Croix,  W.  L 

May. — John  and  Richard  Penn. 
May. — Lord  and  Lady  Russell. 

1775,  May  6.— John  Penn. 

1776,  June  26. — Carter  Braxton,  wife  and  daughter. 
August  11.-— Capt.  Richard  Syms,  52  Foot  (prisoner 

of  war) . 

August  24. — Thomas  Lynch,  wife  and  daughter. 
October  12. — Joseph  Galloway. 
December  3. — Dr.  William  Shippen. 
December  5. — Col.  Isaac  Reed,  Virginia. 


From  the  Waste  Books  of  the  Sun  Inn.        471 

December  6. — Capt.  Forest  (prisoner  of  war). 

December  15. — Oens  H.  Gates,  Benedict  Arnold, 
Glover  and  Stirling. 

1777,  January  8. — Dr.  John  Morgan. 

January  25. — John  Adams,  James  Lovell,  Lyman 
Hall,  Delegates  to  Congress. 

January  28. — George  Walton,  Delegate. 

February  10. — Joseph  Dean,  Philada.,  Committee  of 
Safety. 

March  11. — Gen.  John  Armstrong. 

April  3. — Gen.  M.  A.  E.  de  Fermoy. 

April  7. — Gen.  Gates  and  staff. 

April  29. — Bichard  Stockton,  N.  J. 

May  9. — Col.  Allen  McLane. 

May  24. — Gen.  Joseph  Eeed. 

May  29. — Gen.  P.  Schuyler  and  staff. 

June  16. — Sir  Patrick  Houston. 

June  20. — William  Ellery,  William  Whipple  and 
Francis  Dana. 

June  25. — Gen.  Thos.  Mifflin. 

August  14. — Mrs.  Cochran  and  family  [Gen.  Schuy- 
ler 's  sister], 

August  23. — Gens.  Greene  and  Knox. 

August  24. — Major  Allen  MacDonald  (prisoner  of 
war). 

September  16. — Baron  de  Kalb  and  Col.  de  Wallford. 

September  21. — Marquis  de  Lafayette,  his  A.  D.  C. 
Gimat,  and  Gen.  William  Woodford  (wounded),  and 
Col.  Armstrong.  John  Hancock,  Samuel  Adams, 
Eichard  Henry  Lee,  Elip.  Dyer,  Henry  Laurens,  Henry 
Merchant,  Benjamin  Harrison,  James  Duane,  William 
Duer,  Joseph  Jones,  Nathan  Folsom,  Cornelius  Har- 
nett,  John  Adams,  Eichard  Law,  William  Williams, 
Nathan  Brownson,  delegates ;  Charles  Thomson,  secre- 
tary of  Congress. 

October  2. — John  Hancock  [from  York,  Pa.]. 

October  7. — Col.  John  Banister. 


472       From  the  Waste  Books  of  the  Sun  Inn. 

November  10. — William  Ellery. 
November  28.— Col.  Preston  (prisoner  of  war). 
December  6.— Capt.  Forest  (prisoner  of  war). 
December  13.— Philip   Livingston,    N.   Y.,   William 
Floyd,  Elias  Boudinot. 
December  15.— Gov.  William  Livingston,  N.  J. 

Gen.  Gates  and  staff. 
December  16.— Lord  Stirling. 

1778,  January  7.— Gen.  Gates  and  family. 
January  30.— Baron  von  Steuben,  Chancellor  Eobert 

Livingstone. 

February  6.— Gen's.  Thomas  Conway,  Edward  Hand 
and  Mons.  de  La.  Balm. 

April  12. — Gen.  L.  Mclntosh. 

April  16. — Count  Pulaski,  Col.  Kobatsch. 

May  13.— Gen.  Gates  and  wife;  Gen.  Ethan  Allen. 

May  17. — Samuel  Adams. 

June  15. — John  Hancock. 

June  19. — Titus  Hosmer. 

July  1.— Gov.  E.  H.  Morris,  N.  Y.,  George  Plater,  Md. 

October  8. — Chevalier  de  la  Neuville  (Inspector 
Gates'  Staff). 

October  27.— Gen.  William  Woodford. 

November  25. — French  Minister  Gerard,  Don  Juan 
de  Miralles,  Silas  Deane. 

1779,  January  5. — Gen.  F.  A.  von  Eiedesel,  wife,  3 
children  and  suite  (prisoner  of  war). 

January  11. — Gen.  William  Phillips  (prisoner  of 
war). 

January  26. — Major  Maibaum,  Capt.  A.  F.  Dommes, 
Capt.  Schlagenteufel,  Lieuts.  Vreda,  Meyer,  Bach, 
Goedecke,  von  Eantzau,  von  Boenicke;  Captains  of 
Horse,  Stutzer  and  Schlagentruf t ;  Chaplain  Melz- 
heimer  (prisoners  of  war). 

April  2. — William  Duer. 

June  5. — Gen.  Sullivan,  Capt.  Pierce,  A.D.C.,  Col. 
Elias  Dayton. 


From  the  Waste  Books  of  the  Sun  Inn.        473 

June  15. — Mrs.  Washington,  Gen's.  Sullivan.  Max- 
well and  Poor. 

July  25. — French  Minister  Gerard. 
July  28. — Col.  William  Augustine  Washington. 

1780,  October  2. — President     Joseph     Reed,     John 
Bayard,  David  Eittenhouse. 

1781,  April. — Marquis  de  Laval  Montmorenci,  Count 
de  Custrine,  Count  de  St.  Maine,  Capt.  St.  Victor. 

1782,  April. — John  Dickinson,  John  Penn  and  party. 
July  25.— Gen.  Washington,  2  A.D.C. 

December  10. — Marquis  F.  J.  Chastelleux. 

1783,  June.— John  Gardner,   Atty.   Gen.   St.   Ktts, 
W.    L,    Edmund    Pendleton,    Baron    von    Hermelin 
(Sweden). 

July  22. — Capt.  Paul  Jones,  Samuel  Wharton. 
August  27. — Dr.  John  D.  Schoepf. 
1788,  October  25.— M.  Pellman  (Royal  Architect,  St. 
Thomas,  W.  L). 

November  4. — Gen.  Greene,  wife  and  2  children. 

1791,  May. — Alexander    Hamilton     (Secretary    of 
Treasury) . 

December  23. — Mr.  Wall  and  company,  Georgia. 

1792,  January  25. — Mrs.  Mercer. 

March  9. — Samuel  Kirkland  and  Indians  Eed  Jacket, 
Good  Peter,  Big  Tree,  Cornplanter,  Farmer's  Brother, 
Little  Billy,  Captain  Shanks,  Peter  Jaquette. 

May  11. — Timothy  Pickering. 

May  16. — Dr.  Waters,  Philada. 

May  25. — Major  Cushing,  Boston,  Gen  A.  St.  Clair, 
Col.  Pickering. 

May  £7.— Mr.  Izard,  S.  C.  (2  servants,  3  horses), 
Gen.  Daniel  Brodhead,  Jacob  Hiltzheimer. 

June  10. — Dr.  Kuhn,  Philada. 

June  16. — Mrs.  Heister. 

July  16. — Col.  Forest  and  friends. 

August  15. — Col.  Sproat,  Marietta. 

August  19. — Major  Butler. 


474        From  the  Waste  Books  of  the  Sun  Inn. 

August  31.— Bev.  Samuel  Keen,  Md. 
October  21.— Elbridge  Gerry. 
December  21. — Capt.  Vannaman. 
1793,  March  28.— Hon.  Wm.  Polk,  Annapolis,  Md. 
April  26.— Mr.  Teakle  and  party,  Virginia. 
June   20.— Samuel   Sitgreaves,   2   ladies,    1   negro, 
Philada. 

July  12.— Mr.  Clymer. 
August  7. — Capt.  Welsh  and  lady. 
August  31. — James  Iredell  and  family. 

In  the  years  1794  and  1796,  John  Jay;  in  1797,  John 
Penn  and  son  and  the  Duke  de  la  Eochf  aucauld,  and  in 
1799,  Gen.  Thomas  Sumpter,  were  guests  at  the  Sun. 

Twenty-five  years  later,  in  the  Summer  of  1821, 
Joseph  Bonaparte,  some  time  King  of  Spain,  who,  after 
the  downfall  of  his  brother  Napoleon,  left  France  and 
located  at  Bordentown,  New  Jersey,  passed  part  of  the 
heated  term  at  the  Sun.  There  he  became  acquainted 
with  a  certain  Daniel  Green,  commonly  called  "Dr. 
Green/'  who  for  thirty  years  acted  as  a  cicerone,  which 
led  to  the  following  squib  written  by  Judge  Franks, 
under  date  August  23,  1821. 

I. 

King  Joe,  it  is  said,  took  it  into  his  head, 

To  Bethlehem  air,  to  repair,  Sir; 
To  exhibit  his  wealth,  and  to  better  his  health, 

Under  Doctor  Green's  medical  care,  Sir. 

II. 

Next  morning  at  dawn,  King  Joe  gave  a  yawn, 
And  expecting  his  aches — ope'd  his  eyes,  Sir; 

But  noble  Green's  skill  had  cured  every  ill, 
And  the  monarch  rose  up  in  surprise,  Sir. 

III. 

For  the  Doctor  he  call'd— for  the  Doctor  he  bawl'd, 
To  be  Knighted  at  once  on  the  spot,  Sir; 

But  the  Doctor  was  wise,  and  cast  down  his  eyes 
And  the  honor  of  Knighthood,  declined,  Sir. 


From  the  Waste  Books  of  the  Sun  Inn.       475 

IV. 

Said,  "A  boon  will  I  crave,  with  your  Majesty's  leave, 
And  a  grant  of  it,  hope  I  will  find,  Sir; 

In  the  course  of  my  life,  and  that  too  without  wife, 
I  ne'er  could  save  a  poor  shilling,  Sir. 

V. 

"Now,  a  great  Joe  I  have  saved,  and  the  boon  I  crave, 
Is  a  little  Joe1  if  you  are  willing,  Sir;" 

The  King  in  amaze,  at  the  Doctor  did  gaze, 

And  soon  crossed  his  hand  with  the  gold,  Sir — 

Then  pack'd  up  his  purses,  went  off  with  his  horses 
Leaving  nought  but  this  tale  to  be  told,  Sir. 

1A  Johannes,  or  Joe  was  a  Portuguese  gold  coin,  so  called  because 
it  bore  the  head  of  King  John  of  Portugal;  it  was  about  $8.00. 


476  James  Tyndale  Mitchell. 


IHttc^lL 

The  death  of  the  Senior  Vice  President  of  The 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  on  the  4th  of  July, 
1915,  has  deprived  us  of  the  services  of  one  who  for 
more  than  half  a  century  was  closely  identified  with 
our  active  work,  and  who  labored  diligently  to  extend 
our  spheres  of  influence.  With  a  life  membership  dat- 
ing from  November  14,  1859,  James  Tyndale  Mitchell 
was  elected  a  Councillor  March  14,  1881 ;  President  of 
the  Council,  September  24,  1883 ;  Vice  President  of  the 
Society,  May  7,  1894,  becoming  Senior  Vice  President 
November  12,  1896,  and  in  the  same  year  a  Trustee  of 
the  Gilpin  Library. 

This  simple  circle  of  dates,  while  circumscribing 
fifty-five  years,  embraces  a  continuous  series  of  efforts 
to  promote  the  growth  of  an  Institution  which  has 
become  in  many  ways  the  foremost  of  its  kind  in  the 
United  States.  Judge  Mitchell,  as  he  was  familiarly 
known  to  us,  was  one  of  the  best  friends  we  ever  had, 
and  his  friendship  was  productive  of  results.  By  tem- 
perament and  practice  he  was  in  hearty  sympathy 
with  our  purposes;  by  generous  gifts  he  added  sub- 
stantially to  our  treasures.  Profoundly  acquainted 
with  our  history,  and  particularly  with  our  biographies, 
he  was  one  of  the  few  who  brought  to  the  illumination 
of  his  work  the  taste  and  the  knowledge  of  a  collector 
of  prints,  manuscripts  and  pamphlets,  and  an  accurate 


James  Tyndale  Mitchell.  477 

familiarity  with  our  development  as  a  Commonwealth. 
Of  a  judicial  caste  of  mind,  strengthened  and  disci- 
plined by  his  public  duties,  he  had  no  theories  to  exploit 
and  no  vagaries  to  defend.  His  historical  conclusions, 
like  his  judgments  in  the  law,  were  sound  and  sane. 
His  knowledge  of  men  as  they  were  in  actual  life,  and 
his  knowledge  of  what  had  been  actually  achieved  as 
recorded  in  books,  happily  combined  with  cautious  but 
discriminating  critical  skill,  made  him  in  a  rare  but 
real  sense  a  trusted  Councillor,  and  as  such  his  absence 
from  our  Board  will  be  severely  felt. 

(From  Minutes  of  the  Council.) 


478  John  Thompson  Morris. 


Morris. 

In  the  decease  of  John  Thompson  Morris,  The  His- 
torical Society  of  Pennsylvania  has  sustained  a  loss 
of  more  than  passing  moment.  It  is  with  a  deep  sorrow 
that  this  Council  of  the  Historical  Society  makes  record 
of  that  loss,  to  set  forth  in  some  measure  the  high 
regard  in  which  Mr.  Morris  was  held  by  the  Council 
and  the  Membership  of  the  Society. 

Mr.  Morris  became  a  member  of  The  Historical 
Society  of  Pennsylvania  February  17,  1879.  He  was 
elected  to  membership  in  this  Council  February  27, 
1905,  and  served  therein  until  his  death.  By  birthright 
and  inheritance,  as  well  as  personal  inclination  and 
ability,  he  was  peculiarly  fitted  for  the  work  which  here 
fell  to  his  hand.  Born  in  Philadelphia  and  spending 
the  years  of  his  activity,  as  well  as  those  of  his  leisure 
in  this  city,  he  was  well  versed  in  the  genesis  and  de- 
velopment of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  and 
the  growth  of  the  city  of  his  birth  and  residence.  What- 
ever threw  new  light  upon  the  past  or  enlarged  the 
present  or  promised  provision  for  possibilities  of 
future  growth  was  always  of  absorbing  interest  to  him. 
He  was  continually  holding  the  best  of  the  past,  while 
seeing  better  things  for  the  future.  He  was  a  wise 
man,  of  very  marked  modesty,  who,  with  all  his  wisdom, 
had  understanding  in  a  large  measure.  He  held  high 
ideals,  yet  he  subjected  all  his  ideals  to  the  test  of  his 


John  Thompson  Morris.  479 

own  sense  of  reasonableness  and  practicability.  His 
reasoning  was  always  direct.  His  was  a  naturally 
honest  mind  of  vigorous  habit  and  strong  consecutive 
processes.  His  judgment  was  sound  and  never  biased. 
We,  who  have  had  the  privilege  of  serving  in  the 
Council  of  this  Society  with  Mr.  Morris,  will  cherish 
his  memory  in  peculiar  regard.  He  was  a  natural 
gentleman,  to  whose  courtesy,  sincerity,  kindness  and 
never- failing  reliability  we  have  long  been  debtors.  He 
made  our  lives  richer  because  he  lived  in  them  with  no 
self-seeking.  While  bowing  resignation  to  his  loss  we 
are  moved  to  thanksgiving  for  the  length  of  days  which 
were  vouchsafed  to  him.  Of  him  also  let  it  be  said  by 
us  who  knew  him  in  many  relations : 

"His  life  was  gentle 

"And  the  elements  so  mixed  in  him 

"That  nature  might  stand  and  say  to  all  the  world 

"This  is  a  man/' 

(From  Minutes  of  the  Council.) 


480  Notes  and  Queries. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 
Dote*. 

MEMORIAL  OF  WILLIAM  GOVETT  AND  OTHER  OFFICERS  OF  THE  TREASURY 

DEPARTMENT  TO  CONGRESS,  AUGUST,  1779. 
To  THE  HONOURABLE  THE  CONGREFS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA 

The  Memorial  of  the  Subscribers,  serving  in  different  Departments 

of  the  Treasury. 
Humbly  Sheweth, 

That  your  Memorialists  have  attentively  consider'd  your  late  Ordnance 
for  establishing  a  Board  of  Treasury  and  feel  themselves  called  upon 
by  every  Principle  of  Love  to  their  Country,  to  express  to  your  honour- 
able Body  their  Sentiments  on  that  part  of  it,  which  subjects  the  Officers 
of  the  Treasury  to  annual  Elections — 

Without  barely  observing  that  the  Officers  of  Finance  in  all  the  Com- 
mercial Countries  of  Europe,  are  appointed  during  good  behaviour,  Your 
Memorialists  conceive  there  are  powerful  Reasons  to  induce  your 
Honourable  Body  to  copy  after  their  example — 

Your  Memorialists  think  themselves  authorized  to  say,  that  an  ac- 
curate knowledge  of  the  Liquidation  of  such  intricate  Accounts  as  are 
often  brought  to  the  Treasury  for  Settlement,  and  the  essential  Forms 
of  doing  Business  can  only  be  acquired  by  long  practice  and  close  at- 
tention. It  is  extremely  natural  therefore  to  infer,  that  annual  elections 
will  put  the  important  business  of  your  Treasury  into  the  hands  of 
Persons  whose  want  of  experience  may  render  them  incapable  of  con- 
ducting it  with  Propriety.  Hence  Confusion  may  arise  and  derangements 
take  place  in  our  Finances,  which  may  sap  the  Foundation  of  our 
Liberties.  Your  Memorialists  are  persuaded  it  wou'd  be  unsafe  for  these 
States  to  depend  entirely  on  the  virtue  and  wisdom  of  a  future  Congress 
to  prevent  Such  dangerous  Consequences.  This  August  Body,  like  all 
other  political  Bodies,  will  ever  be  composed  of  Men  who  inherit  the 
imperfections  of  Human  Nature —  New  Members  unacquainted  with  the 
Merits  of  those  in  Office  and  desirous  of  providing  for  their  friends,  may 
introduce  a  Change  incompatible  with  the  Interest  of  their  Country. — 
Your  Memorialists  are  further  of  opinion  that  the  precarious  tenure 
of  annual  Elections  will  tend  to  damp  the  Zeal,  and  relax  the  Industry 
of  the  Officers  of  the  Treasury — 

Far  from  being  certain  of  a  permanent  Support,  they  will  be  led  to 
regard  their  Offices  merely  as  places  of  convenience,  and  will  embrace 
the  first  opportunity,  of  entering  into  more  lucrative  Employments.  How 
different  wou'd  be  their  views,  if  their  Offices  were  to  continue,  with 
their  good  Behaviour.! 

Proud  of  the  honor  of  Serving  their  Country  and  Satisfied  with  a 
genteel  Maintenance,  they  wou'd  banish  every  Idea  of  returning  to 
private  Life,  and  Study  to  perform  their  various  Duties  with  accuracy 
and  dispath. 

Your  Memorialists  readily  allow  that  frequent  elections  in  a  general 
Sense  operate  as  restraints  upon  the  Conduct  of  Men,  and  oblige  them  to 
pay  obedience  to  the  dictates  of  sober  Reason. 

But  they  conclude  this  Argument  has  no  weight  when  applied  to  the 


Notes  and  Queries.  481 

Officers  of  the  Treasury,  because  it  is  in  the  power  of  Congress  at  all 
times  to  call  them  to  an  account,  and  punish  them  if  guilty  of  mal- 
conduct, —  Impress'd  with  these  Sentiments  on  a  Subject  so  highly  im- 
portant as  the  Establishment  of  the  Treasury  of  an  infant  Empire, 
Your  Memorialists  imagine  their  Silence  wou'd  have  been  criminal: 
and  they  flatter  themselves  your  Honorable  Body  in  receiving  this  Rep- 
resentation will  indulge  that  Candour,  and  Liberality,  which  shou'd 
Characterize  the  Representatives  of  a  free  and  Independent  People. 

Wm  Govett  Corn8 
R.  Smith  Com' 
Will  Gedd> 


Mat.  Troup 

Secretary — 
Joseph  Nousse  Acct. 
Teasury  Office 

y".  6th.  August  1779. 

SAMUEL  CAST,  merchant,  of  Philadelphia,  died  in  October  of  1711,  and 
by  his  will  appointed  John  Warder  and  Job  Goodson  his  Executors,  and 
John  Warder,  Job  Goodson,  and  William  Fishbourne,  of  Philadelphia, 
and  Joseph  Kirkbride,  of  Bucks  county,  Trustees  of  his  Estate.  The 
following  "Vindication"  is  preserved  in  the  Manuscript  Division  of  the 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania: — 


Brief  Narrative  to  Vindicate  the  Carrecter  from  false  Aspersions,  and 
Demonstrate  the  Conduct  of  the  Executors,  of  Samuel  Cart  late  of  AbL 
bington  in  the  County  of  Philad*  Deceased  vn  Respect  to  their  Manage- 
ment in  the  Outland  Affairs  or  Consignments  made  to  said  Samuel  Cart 
in  his  life  time  &  Accrewing  to  his  Executors  by  his  Decease;  And  how 
Return'd  and  Remitted  to  the  Several  Owner  &  Prop*'  thereof  as  by 
fair  Accounts  kept  by  us.  for  that  purpose. 

First  It  is  Well  known  to  his  Executors  as  well  as  to  Divers  other 
persons  that  the  Circumstances  of  sd  Samuel  Cart  Diffar'd  from  most 
Men,  his  ffamily  &  Dwelling  being  at  Abbington  Ten  Miles  from  Philad* 
and  his  Residence  at  John  Warders  in  Philad",  to  Negotiate  his  said 
outland  affairs  of  Consignments;  &  therefore  always  left  &  Deposited 
the  Cash  belonging  to  said  affairs  at  his  said  Lodging,  and  his  other 
Merchantd1  at  his  Stores  in  Philada;  and  we  his  Executors  of  our  own 
knowledge  very  well  knew  that  he  never  mix'd  the  Cash  &  Effects  of  his 
sd  Consignments  with  his  own  propper  Estate  &  Effects  nor  never  in- 
tended so  to  do.  Except  he  had  Removed  his  said  ffamily  to  Philad' 
and  then  of  Consequence  might  have  Joyn'd  both  in  one:  And  as  a  full 
proof  of  the  above  assertion;  He  said  Samuel  Cart  being  Uneasy  on  his 
Death  Bedd  at  his  own  home  at  Abbington,  Discover'd  where  his  Trunk 
of  Money  was,  desiring  us  his  Relations  &  Intended  Executors  to  remove 
said  Money  out  of  his  Lodging  Room  at  said  John  Warders  into 
another  Room  where  he  thought  it  would  be  more  Safe,  &  this  was  the 
Cash  for  Remitting  the  Ballences  of  the  Several  Neat  proceeds  of  the 
Several  Accot8  of  Sales :  And  when  we  the  Executors  began  to  Execute 
our  Trust  in  said  Outland  affairs  for  ffinishing  &  Dispatching  the  Vessels, 
&  for  buying  Wheat  to  Ship  on  board  of  her  for  Returns  as  pr  Order; 
had  then  Occation  to  open  said  Trunk  of  Cash  Deposited  there  for  that 
purpose,  We  found  the  same  Distinguish'd  in  a  Bagg  &  Crown  papers 
&  wrote  upon  Each  pereell  to  whom  sd  Cash  Did  belong,  like  a  book 
account  as  its  Called  which  together  with  the  Neat  proceeds  of  his  sd 
Samuel  Carts  Accots  of  Sales  in  his  Books,  which  were  all  regularly 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 31 


482  Notes  and  Queries. 

Ballenc'd  except  One  Acco*,  that  had  a  remains  of  Europian  Goods  Un- 
sold, which  we  sold  &  made  entries  accordingly  to  Ballence  sd  Acco*  of 
Sales  &  honestly  paid  the  Ballence  of  sd  Neat  proceeds  as  pr  Acco*  Curr* 
appears  &c  Therefore  knowing  &  Considering  the  proceeding  position 
and  Circumstances  of  the  said  Affairs  of  the  Deceas'd,  ffirst  that  the 
Neat  proceeds  of  the  said  Severall  Acco*8  of  Sales  fuley  first  the  value 
to  be  Kemitted  to  each  of  them  Respectively,  And  2  the  Money  in  said 
Trunk  being  so  punctually  destinguish'd  to  whom  it  belong'd,  for  to 
Ballence  Each  persons  which  We  have  honestly  &  faithfully  Done  as  pr 
fair  Acco*8  which  we  have  to  produce  to  make  it  fully  appear:  Upon 
the  preceeding  Considerations  together  with  our  honest  Intentions  of 
Dispatch,  We  thought  it  Needless  to  Appraise  said  Effects,  &  so  mix 
them  with  the  Deceas'd  own  propper  Estate  &  Effects,  which  he  himself 
had  never  done,  and  we  thought  would  only  tend  to  puzzle  the  whole 
Acco18  &  Affairs:  And  for  the  above  sd  Reasons  &  no  other  Views  We 
Omitted  the  appraising  said  Effects,  knowing  we  should  Dispatch  them 
out  of  our  hands  in  a  Short  time  which  we  Accordinly  did  as  pr  fair 
Acco*"  Appears  for — 

Ffirst  By  the  Ship  or  Vessells  Account  &  the  Several  Vouchers  for  the 
same,  We  can  Prove  the  ffinishing  &  dispatching  said  Vessels ;  and  altho' 
We  Charged  this  sd  Account  Current  Debtor  for  Storage  &  Commissions, 
which  as  Executors  was  our  undoubted  Right;  Yet  we  did  not  take  one 
farthing  out  of  said  Effects  to  pay  our  Selves  which  we  might  &  ought 
in  Justice  to  have  Done,  which  plainly  Shews  that  We  had  no  Covetious 
Views,  but  honestly  to  Serve  the  Children  &  ffamily.  But  some  may 
Object  &  Say,  that  notwithstanding  all  that  hath  been  said  how  doth 
it  appear  but  that  there  might  be  an  Overplus  in  said  Effects  when  a* 
Vessel  was  ffinish'd  &  Dispatch'd,  which  would  perhaps  belong  to  the 
Children  &  ffamily  of  the  Deceas'd:  We  can  easily  &  fuley  Answer 
such  Objiction  by  proving  that  the  Owners  Neat  proceeds  of  their  Acco* 
of  Sales,  which  was  the  Whole  of  their  Effects,  fell  Short  the  Sum  of 
One  Hundred  Thirty  &  Six  Pounds  Eight  Shillings  and  Eight  pence 
three  ffarthings,  therefore  no  Overplus. 

Second.  The  next  Account  in  Course,  is  John  Barnsdale  and  Com- 
pany's Account,  which  by  a  fair  Acco*  Curr*  Invoice  Bill  of  Loading  We 
can  prove  the  Shiping  the  full  Ballence  of  the  Neat  proceeds  of  their 
Acco*  of  Sales  by  Debiting  our  Storage  &  Commissions  to  ballence  said 
Account  [torn]  Overplus 

if  we  had  the  [torn]  out  of  said  Effects  sd  Storage  &  Commissions 
which  was  our  Just  right  so  to  do,  but  not  one  of  us  at  that  time 
took  one  penny  out  of  said  Effects  to  pay  our  Selves. 

Third.  By  a  ffair  Account  We  can  prove  the  finishing  of  Thomas 
Meltons  Account  of  Sales  of  Sundry  Europian  Goods  Ship'd  on  board 
the  Ship  Royal  Anne  of  Bristol  John  Jones  Master  by  sd  Melton  & 
Consign'd  to  said  Samuel  Cart  a  little  before  his  Death  &  therefore 
part  thereof  was  left  Unsold,  and  Sold  by  Us  &  sd  Sales  added  to  the 
Sales  of  the  Same  Cargo  begun  &  Sold  by  said  Deceas'd. 

Ffourth.  And  by  said  Melton's  Account  Current  Invoice  &  Bill  of 
Loading,  We  can  prove  what  We  shipt  on  his  sd  Melton's  Account  & 
Risque,  and  what  We  Remitted  pr  Bill  of  Excha.  And  also  that  we 
paid  the  full  Ballence  of  the  Neat  proceeds  of  both  his  Acco*8  of  Sales 
of  Sund*  Merchd'.  The  first  pr  the  Sloop  Endeavour  John  King  Mr 
from  Jamaico  &  Ship'd  pr  Samuel  Tudman  Merch*  there  pr  Ordr  &  on 
the  Risque  of  sd  Melton,  The  second  pr  the  Royal  Anne  John  Jones  Mr 
from  Bristol  the  N**  proceeds  of  both  which  sd  Account  of  Sales  was 
the  Whole  Effects  of  said  Melton,  the  Ballence  whereof  Charging  our 
Storage  &  Comm.  We  paid  to  William  Fishbourne  who  was  Impower'd 
by  Power  of  Attorney  from  sd  Thomas  Melton  of  Bristol  to  Recover  & 
Receive  from  the  Executors  of  sd  Samuel  Cart  Decd  all  the  Effects  in 


Notes  and  Queries.  483 

their  hands  belonging  to  s*  Melton,  which  we  accordingly  pd  to  s* 
Fishbourne  &  have  his  Discharge  for  the  same. 

The  above  proceeding  Accounts  of  John  Brickdale  &  Compa.  (who  were 
the  Owners  of  the  aforsd  Vessell)  John  Barnsdale  &  Compa.  and  Thomas 
Meltons,  were  all  the  Valuable  Consignm*8  and  Effects  said  Deceas'd 
left  to  be  Dispatch'd  &  Return'd,  And  for  which  we  found  Goods  & 
Cash  Distinguish'd  as  aforesaid  for  that  purpose,  Yet  there  was  some 
other  Small  Ballences  appear'd  Justly  Due  (by  the  Books  &  Accots  of 
said  Deceas'd)  and  were  Demanded;  the  Chief  of  which  &  most  Con- 
siderable was  a  Ballance  Due  to  his  said  Samuel  Cart's  Brother  in  Law 
William  Donne  of  Bristol  for  Remittance. 

Ballances,  we  neither  found  Goods  in  the  Store  nor  Cash  in  the  Trunk, 
and  therefore  for  paym*  thereof,  we  were  Obliged  to  Charge  the  Estate 
Debitor. 

DISPOSITION   OF   BRITISH   TROOPS   IN   INTERIOR   OF   PENNSYLVANIA  IN 

WINTER  OF  1763-64.— 

At  Fort  Pitt:  The  Royal  Americans  and  3  companies  of  the  42d  Foot. 
Fort  Legonier:  1  company  of  the  42d  Foot. 
Fort  Bedford:  1  company  of  the  42d  Foot. 
Fort  Carlisle:  3  companies  of  the  42d  Foot. 

PENNSYLVANIANS  IN  KENTUCKY. — As  Pennsylvania  families  grew 
larger  and  children  married,  it  became  necessary  to  find  new  homes, 
even  out  of  the  state.  In  compiling  family  histories,  I  found  young 
families  removed,  and  entirely  disappeared  from  old  homestead  records, 
and  most  difficult  to  locate  after  a  hundred  years.  Many  went  into  the 
Valley  of  Virginia,  but  some  I  find  removed  to  the  wilds  of  Kentucky 
county  after  Boone  and  companions,  in  1773,  etc.,  advertised  its  beauty 
and  fertility.  Therefore,  the  following  extracts,  concerning  Pennsylvania 
families,  Swedes,  Germans  and  Scotch,  from  the  records  at  Stanford, 
the  courthouse  of  Lincoln  county  (named  for  Gen.  Benjamin  Lincoln  and 
organized  at  Harrodsburg,  16  Jan.,  1781),  in  the  central  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, which  became  the  state  of  Kentucky  in  1792,  may  be  of  value  to 
other  compilers. 

From  the  will  of  "Matthias  Yoakam,"  signed  with  his  mark  1/29/1780, 
recorded  2/18/1783.  Legatees — wife  Eleanor,  my  son  Felty  Yoakam's 
oldest  son  George,  other  children,  excepting  "youngest  son  George,"  de- 
scribed as  married.  Wife  and  son  George,  ex'trs.  (Lib.  I,  fo.  148.) 

From  the  will  of  Hugh  Shiell,  signed  8/24/1782,  recorded  11/15/1785. 
Legatees — his  wife,  unnamed;  my  friend  John  Hunter,  "my  daughter, 
who  was  born  on  the  19th  of  this  month  of  August,  who  is  not  yet 
christened,  but  is  to  be  named  Catharine  Harris";  "my  wife's  father, 
John  Harris,  Esq.,  deceased,  of  Bucks  county,  Pennsylvania."  Wife 
ex'tr.  Witnesses—George  Muter,  Mary  W.  Faunt  LeRoy,  Thomas 
Lowrie.  (Lib.  I,  fo.  121.) 

From  will  of  Andrew  Duncan,  signed  3/12/1784,  recorded  2/21/1786. 
Legatees — My  sister  Elizabeth  Buchanan's  son  Andrew,  my  sister  Mary 
Craig's  son  James,  my  sister  Jenny  Edmiston's  son  Andrew,  my  sister 
Jean  McKinney's  daughter  Jenny;  my  sister  Florence  Brownell's  daugh- 
ter Jenny.  Ex'trs — My  brothers-in-law  John  Edmiston  and  John  Mc- 
Kinney.  *  Witnesses — William  Edmiston,  Robert  Harrold  and  John 
Buchanan.  (Lib.  I,  fo.  130.) 

From  will  of  James  Logan,  signed  5/23/1787,  recorded  7/15/1788. 
Legatees — Wife  Martha,  my  children,  James,  Matthew,  Hugh,  David, 
Jonathan,  Charles,  and  Martha;  "my  son  [in-law  or  step]  Robert  Al- 
lison," friend  Benjamin  Logan.  Ex'trs — Benjamin  Logan  and  my  son 
Matthew.  Witnesses — Alexander  Gaston,  Mary  [X]  Gaston  and  William 
Main.  (Lib.  I.  fo.  156.) 


484  Notes  and  Queries. 

Other  wills  of  record—  Silas  Harlan,  1780-83;  Nathaniel  Hart  1782- 
83;  Joseph  Lindsay,  1782-83;  William  McBride,  1781-83;  William 
Stewart,  1781-83;  John  Bowman,  1784;  John  Carpenter,  1784-5;  John 
Potts,  1783-85;  Edward  Bulger,  1782-3;  James  Gordon,  1784-5;  Robert 
Montgomery,  1789;  Isaac  Campbell,  1783-92;  John  Kennedy,  1783; 
John  Montgomery,  1781,  etc. 

Among  the  marriages  of  record  — 

1781/10/16.     John  Jameson  and  Rhoda  Buchanan. 

1782/7/5.     James  Ray  and  Milly  Yoakum. 

1783/9/8.     John  Stevens  and  Sarah,  dr.  Matthias  Yocum. 

1784/4/12.    Matthias  Yocum  and  Levinia  Wright. 

Charles  H.  Browning. 

Ardmore,  Pa. 

CELESTIAL  CITY.  —  One  summer  afternoon  in  July,  I  sauntered  into  the 
court  house  at  La  Porte,  the  county  seat  of  Sullivan  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania. Its  corridors  were  empty  and  silent,  and  I  wandered  about  this 
wilderness  citadel  of  justice  until  I  came  to  the  office  of  the  Prothon- 
otary,  who  was  engaged  in  conversation  with  a  political  friend.  When 
he  finally  turned  to  me,  I  asked  him  if  there  were  in  his  keeping  any 
records  of  more  than  ordinary  interest.  For  answer,  he  swung  back 
the  door  of  the  vault  where  the  records  were  deposited  and  laid  on  a 
table  before  me  a  book  of  large  dimensions,  opened  at  a  page  on  which 
I  read:— 

Deed. 
Peter  E.  Armstrong  and  Wife 

to 
Almighty  God. 

That  was  my  introduction  to  the  strange  tale  of  Celestial  City.  Half 
a  century  ago  Peter  Armstrong  and  his  wife  purchased  a  large  tract  of 
land  in  Sullivan  county.  He  was  a  Seventh  Day  Adventist  and  a  man, 
as  is  evident  from  his  writings,  of  considerable  native  intelligence.  He 
belonged  to  that  company  of  religious  dreamers  who  have  expected 
Christ  to  come  to  earth  in  their  own  day  and  establish  the  City  of  God. 
The  heavenly  city  spoken  of  in  the  Bible  was  not  a  city  to  which  men 
were  to  go  after  death,  but  it  was  to  be  a  divine  community  established 
by  the  returning  Messiah  upon  the  earth,  in  the  very  midst  of  men,  and 
inhabited  by  the  company  of  the  Redeemed  who  had  waited  for  His 
coming.  Armstrong  believed  that  this  city  of  the  Hundred  and  Forty 
and  Four  Thousand  must,  like  all  other  achievements  of  God  or  man, 
have  a  beginning.  Why  not  in  this  wilderness  solitude  of  Pennsylvania? 
In  order  to  show  his  loyalty  to  the  promises  and  his  faith,  Armstrong 
resolved  to  deed  his  property  to  the  Lord  that  it  might  be  held  for 
the  common  good  of  the  people  of  God  who  waited  for  His  anointed 
from  heaven.  It  was  with  this  thought  in  his  mind  that  in  June  of 
1861,  he  put  on  record  the  following  remarkable  deed: 


ARMSTRONG  1  ^  Kn°W  a11  men  ^  these  Presents> 
•,  WT™  Peter  E'  Armstrong,  and  Hannah  my  wife, 

fof    the    county    of    Sullivan    and    state    of 
™  Pennsylvania,  having  redeemed  from  the  in- 

ALMIGHTYGOD.  J  habitants  of  earth  by  lawful  purchase,  a 
certain  tract  of  land  within  the  boundaries  herein  described,  and  being 
fully  impressed  and  taught  by  the  Inspired  word  of  God  and  his  Holy 
Spirit  that  his  children  should  not  claim  to  own  property  of  any  kind  as 
individuals,  but  that  they  should  render  and  consecrate  unto  God  all 
things  they  possess  for  the  common  good  of  his  people,  who  are  waiting 
for  His  Son  from  heaven  and  who  are  willing  to  live  together  in  holy 
fellowship,  relying  upon  His  word  and  bounty,  and  to  the  end  that  his 


Notes  and  Queries.  485 

saints  may  be  fully  separated  from  the  world,  and  gathered  together 
and  enjoy  that  light  and  liberty  which  they  did  in  the  once  faithful 
days  theocracy.  We  do  make  and  establish  this  deed  of  conveyance, 
this  fourteenth  day  of  our  Lord,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
sixty-four. 

Whereas  in  consideration  of  the  kind  protecting  care  of  Almighty  God 
in  the  past  and  present,  which  we  do  hereby  humbly  acknowledge,  and 
for  the  exceeding  great  and  precious  promise  of  unending  life  to  those 
who  in  Holy  faith  and  patience  wait  for  the  coming  of  his  anointed  Son 
to  judge  the  world  which  promise  we  have  received  from  Him  who  is 
Creator  and  original  grantor  of  earth's  territory  to  the  children  of 
men.  We  do,  by  these  presents,  deed,  grant  and  convey  to  Almighty 
God  who  inhabiteth  eternity,  and  to  his  heirs  Jesus  Messiah,  to  the 
intent  that  it  shall  be  subjected  to  bargain  and  sale  by  man's  cupidity 
no  more  forever,  all  our  right  and  title  by  human  law,  interest  and 
claim  of  any  nature  soever,  in  or  to  of  that  certain  tract  of  land  and 
improvements  thereof,  lying  and  being  in  the  county  of  Sullivan  and 
state  of  Pennsylvania  being  our  part  of  a  parcel  of  land  within  the 
following  bounds:  .  .  . 

Containing  four  square  miles  of  land  of  which  we  have  redeemed 
about  six  hundred  acres,  and  we  do  hereby  set  apart  the  balance  of  said 
tract  at  or  before  the  redemption  of  the  whole  world,  as  the  purchased 
possession  of  Jesus  Messiah,  together  with  all  and  singular  rights 
liberties,  privileges  and  appurtenances  whatsoever  thereunto  belonging 
to  us;  we  do  grant,  deed  and  convey  to  the  said  Creator  and  God  of 
heaven  and  earth  and  to  his  heirs  Jesus  Messiah,  for  their  proper  use 
and  behoof  for  ever.  In  witness  whereof  we  have  hereunto  set  our 
hands  and  seal  the  day  and  year  above  written. 

Sealed  in  the  presence  of      \   PETER  E.  ARMSTRONG. 
John  S.  Green.  f   HANNAH  ARMSTRONG. 

To  assist  in  the  propagation  of  his  ideas  Armstrong  published  a 
paper  called  the  Day  Star  of  Zion.  Among  the  purposes  of  the  paper, 
and  therefore  of  the  community  which  he  sought  to  found,  I  select  as 
a  confession  of  faith  these  two  articles: 

"To  build  a  House  for  the  God  of  Israel,  not  only  of  earthly  material, 
but  also  of  living  stones  set  up  as  an  ensign  on  the  land  to  an  un- 
believing world  and  a  world-conformed  church.  Also  a  place  of  refuge 
against  impending  judgments." 

"To  advocate  and  organize  a  Divine  Communism  of  Faith,  Love,  and 
Purity,  which  is  the  bond  of  perfectness,  and  outburst  of  the  Kingdom 
of  Heaven;  and  thus  hasten  the  coming  of  the  world's  Redeemer." 

From  these  two  articles  we  are  able  to  draw  the  ruling  motives  in  the 
mind  of  Armstrong  when  he  set  out  on  this  strange  adventure.  For 
the  building  of  the  Lord's  House,  Armstrong  called  for  contributions 
from  the  faithful.  An  issue  of  the  Day  Star  for  April,  1880,  shows  that 
he  had  collected  in  cash  and  in  pledges  $2500.  The  society  which  he 
gathered  about  him  in  the  forest  of  Sullivan  county  numbered  about 
forty  souls.  The  land  was  hardly  suitable  for  farming,  and  lumbering 
and  sheep  raising  seem  to  have  been  the  chief  occupations. 

As  the  land  had  been  deeded  to  the  Lord  the  question  of  taxation 
soon  arose.  None  of  the  officials  of  Sullivan  county  disbelieved  in  the 
Supreme  Being,  but  they  had  no  way  of  receiving  from  Him  what  the 
county  called  for  in  the  way  of  taxation.  Finally, .  because  of  back 
taxes,  the  tract  of  land  deeded  by  Armstrong  was  put  up  at  auction, 
and  most  of  it  bought  in  by  a  son  of  the  communist,  Alva  Armstrong, 
who  still  survives.  Of  all  those  who  fifty  years  ago  banded  together  in 
this  community  waiting  for  the  sound  of  the  trumpet  which  should 
herald  the  coming  of  the  Lord,  only  one  remains  unto  this  present 
time,  Andrew  Jenkins.  He  servos  as  a  night  watchman  in  one  of  the  sum- 


486  Notes  and  Queries. 

mer  hotels  at  Eaglesmere,  six  miles  distant  from  Celestial  City,  and 
although  seventy-five  years  of  age,  walks  every  day  the  twelve  miles 
to  and  from  his  work.  When  I  hailed  him  one  morning  near  his  house 
and  told  him  I  came  seeking  information  about  Celestial  City,  he 
eagerly  invited  me  to  sit  with  him  on  the  porch,  while  he  took  up  his 
parable.  The  rooms  of  the  house  where  he  lives  alone  were  littered 
with  concordances  and  Bibles  and  religious  pamphlets.  As  we  eat 
together  I  could  survey  all  that  was  left  of  Celestia, — seven  rows  of 
stones  marking  the  foundations  of  vanished  dwellings,  a  few  old  barns, 
and  beyond,  the  blue  waters  of  a  small  forest  lake. 

I  told  Jenkins  that  I  had  come  for  information  about  Celestia,  but 
I  soon  found  that  I  was  to  get  a  great  deal  of  information  about  the 
prophecies  of  the  Old  Testament  and  very  little  about  Celestia.  Jenkins 
had  come  on  from  Boston  to  join  Armstrong,  not  for  love  of  filthy 
lucre,  but  for  the  sake  of  the  cause  which  he  believed  him  to  represent. 
Ten  cents,  he  told  me,  was  all  he  received  the  first  year.  Armstrong 
said  he  wanted  a  man  who  "could  do  something  besides  talking."  If 
Jenkins  was  as  good  a  worker  as  he  is  now  a  talker,  he  must  have  been 
a  treasure  indeed.  There  were  many  things  he  said  he  believed  in; 
some  things  he  knew.  Among  the  things  he  knew  beyond  all  per- 
adventure  of  a  doubt  was  that  the  Lord  was  to  establish  Zion  upon 
earth,  and  in  the  United  States.  But  he  was  modest  enough  to  add 
that  he  would  require  not  less  than  one  whole  evening  to  prove  this 
last  to  be  true.  I  did  not  suggest  an  evening.  It  may  seem  ridiculous, 
he  said,  indicating  with  a  sweep  of  his  hand  the  few  broken  down 
houses  and  barns  that  now  comprise  Celestia,  that  this  should  be  the 
place  where  the  Lord  will  set  up  His  Kingdom,  and  with  just  one  old 
man  in  his  dotage  waiting  for  Him.  But  all  things  were  possible  with 
God.  His  argument  was  that  if  the  Lord  had  accepted  the  land  which 
Armstrong  had  deeded  to  him  in  pledge  of  his  faith  in  His  imminent 
advent,  then  it  followed  that  Celestia  might  very  well  be  honored  as 
the  focal  point  for  the  gathering  of  the  elect.  I  was  careful  not  to 
suggest  to  him  that  he  might  be  mistaken;  but  he  seemed  to  sense  the 
thought  in  my  mind  for  he  said,  in  a  half  abstracted  way,  looking  off 
towards  the  mountains  with  the  soft  veil  of  infinite  blue  haze  falling 
over  them,  "If  I  am  mistaken,  and  it  is  all  an  idle  fancy,  only  a  myth, 
still  I  have  not  wasted  my  life  doing  my  duty  to  my  fellowman,  keeping 
these  few  buildings  in  repair  and  waiting  for  the  coming  of  my  Lord." 
The  outbreak  of  the  great  war  in  Europe  has  kindled  into  new  flame 
his  hope  and  expectancy  that  before  the  sound  of  the  guns  has  ceased 
from  the  earth  Christ  shall  come  to  judge  the  earth  and  claim  His 
own.  And  he  sees  nothing  out  of  the  way  or  impossible  in  the  thought 
that  the  Lord  will  pass  by  the  renowned  and  famous  cities  of  man's 
pride  and  vanity,  as  once  He  did  when  He  came  first  to  earth  and  was 
born  in  Bethlehem's  manger,  and  reveal  His  saving  power  in  the  midst 
of  that  forest  wilderness  on  the  crest  of  the  Alleghenies,  where  fifty 
years  ago  a  company  of  men  gave  visible  tokens  of  their  faith  in  His 
coming  and  His  Messianic  Kingdom  by  deeding  their  property  to  the 
Maker  of  heaven  and  earth,  that  it  might  be  a  refuge  from  the  woes 
of  judgment  and  a  foundation  stone  for  the  great  city  of  the  Redeemed. 

Rev.  Clarence  Edward  Macartney. 

DEATH  OF  MBS.  MARY  CARSON  DARLINGTON.— Died  at  her  home, 
Guyasuta,"  near  STiarpsburg,  Penna.,  June  18,  1915,  Mrs.  Mary  Carson 
Darlington.  Mrs.  Darlington  was  a  daughter  of  Richard  Butler  O'Hara, 
and  grand-daughter  of  General  James  O'Hara.  She  married  William  M. 
Darlington,  Esq.,  for  thirty-four  years  an  active  member  of  this  society, 
fourteen  years  of  which  he  served  as  one  of  its  vice-presidents.  Mrs. 
Darlington  was  an  accomplished  linguist  and  interested  in  historical 


Notes  and  Queries.  487 

research.  In  1892  she  published  "Fort  Pitt  and  Letters  from  the 
Frontiers,"  and  in  1901,  a  list  of  the  names  of  officers  of  the  Colonial  and 
Revolutionary  armies  who  died  and  were  buried  in  Pittsburgh,  to  which 
she  added  biographical  sketches  of  each. 

WETHERBY  BIBLE  RECORDS,  in  possession  of  Miss  Helen  Mecum,  Salem, 
N.  J.,  and  contributed  by  Mrs.  Harry  Rogers. — 

Edmund  Wetherby  His  Book.J 
In  the  23  year  of  the  Reign  of  Kmg| 

George  1750- | 

Edmund  Wetherby  is  my  name  and  With  my| 
Pen  I  Writ  the  Same.| 


an  entry  undeciferdble. 
february  the  Eighteen  1699/1700 

Elizabeth  pledger  born  about  two  of  the  Clock  In  the  morn  en  one 
fifteen  of  the  weack.  

September  the  twenty  six  day  1701 

martha  pledger  born  about  Seven  a  Clock  at  eight  one  the  six  day  of 
the  weack  

febery  y«  Eight  day  1700/1701  Edmund  Wetherby  was  born  ten  a 
Clock  in  the  fore  noon  and  the  first  day  of  weake 


June  j*  6  day  1729  Sarah  Wetherby  the  dafter  of  Edmund  Wetherby 
was  borne.  

October  y-  26  In  the  year  1733  Edmund  Wetherby  the  Son  of  Edmund 
Wetherby  was  born  &  Departed  this  life  March  1796 


Joseph  Wright  the  Son  of  James  Wright  and  Sarah  his  wife  was 
borne  the  29  day  of  December  1779  and  departed  this  life  the  4  day  of 
January  1780.  

Edmund  Wright  was  born  June  the  17 — 1780  About  ten  a  Clock  in 
the  fore  noone.  

James  Wright  &  Sarah  Wetherby  were  Married  the  10th  Day  of 
March  Anno  D°.  177  

The  Names  &  Ages  of  James  &  Sarah  Wrights  Children 
Joseph  Wright  was   Born  the  29th  Day  of  December  Anno  Domini 
1779  and  Departed  this  life  the  fourth  Day  of  January  1780. 


Edmund  W.  Wright  was  Born  the  17  day  June  Anno-Domini  1782, 
about  10,  OClock  A.  M. 

Phebe  Wright  was  Born  the  18th  Day  of  June  Anno-Domini  1784,  and 
Departed  this  life  the  16th  Day  of  September  following. 

Banner  Wright  Daughter  of  James  Wright  &  Sarah  Wright  was  Born 
April  th  15  1796. 


488  Notes  and  Queries. 

Rachel   Wright   Daughter  of  James   Wright   &   Sarah   Wright 
Born  June  th  24  1798 

Rachel  Wright  Departed  this  Life  th  26  1800 
Elizabeth  Wright  Departed  this  Life  September  the  Ninth  1800. 


[torn]  lace  of  the  age  &  Death  Edmund  Wetherby  the  Son  of  Edm 
&  Elizabeth  was  born  October  26—1733  Departed  this  life  March  1796 


Edmd  Wetherby  &  Pheby  Daughter  of  Edward  Quinton  was  married 
May  1—1755.  

Elizabeth  Wetherby  Daughter  of  Edmd  Wetherby  &  Pheby  was  born 
October  27—1756.  

Sarah  Wetherby  Daughter  of  Edmd  Wetherby  &   Pheby  was   born 
October  28—1758.  

Prudence  Wetherby  Daughter  of  Edmd  Wetherby  &  Pheby  was  Born 
October  4—1760.  

Jesse  Wetherby  Son  of  Edmd  Wetherby  &  Phebe  was  born  May  28 — 
1763.  

Rachel  Wetherby  Daughter  of  Edmd  Wetherby  &  Pheby  was  Born 
October  28—1764.  

aged  65    Edmd  Wetherby  the  Elder  Departed  this  life  November  4— 
1766. 

aged  65     Martha  Wetherby  wife  of  Edmd  Wetherby  the  Elder  De- 
parted this  Life  January  10 — 1767. 


Sarah  Ellet  Daughter  of  Edmd  Wetherby  &  Elizabeth  Departed  this 
life  September  24—1767  aged  38  years 


December  28 — 1768  at  5  O'Clock  in  the  Morning  Departed  this  Life 
Pheby  Wetherby  wife  of  Edmd  Wetherby  in  the  32  year  of  her  age. 


August  7—1775  at  2  O'Clock  in  the  morning  Departed  this  Life* 
Rachel  Wetherby  the  Daughter  of  Edmund  Wetherby  &  Pheby  in  the 
Eleventh  year  of  her  age. 


[worn]  the  wife  of  James  Wright  departed  [worn]   ebury  21—1775 
in  the  twenty  first  year  of  her 


[worn]  Wright  the  dater  of  James  Wright  &  Ann  Wright  his  wife 
OcTob      177       9  day  °f  July  1773  and  deParted  this  Life  the  8  da7  of 

Ann  Wright  the  wife  of  James  Wright  Departed  this  life  the  21 
f ebury  1777  in  the  22  twenty  second  year  of  her  age. 


Notes  and  Queries.  489 

James  Wright  son  of  James  Wright  Departed  this  life  the  24  day  of 
September  1776.  

Thomas  Wright  the  Son  of  James  Wright  &  Ann  Wright  was  borne 
the  5  day  of  feburay  1777. 


Thomas  Wright  Son  of  James  Wright  and  Ann  Wright  his  wife  de- 
parted this  life  the  13  day  of  feburay  1777. 

THE  COOPERS  OF  PHILADELPHIA  PRESENT  LAFAYETTE  WITH  SOME 
PENNSYLVANIA  WHISKEY. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Coopers  of  the  City  and 
County  of  Philadelphia,  held  at  Independence  Hotel,  February  29,  1832, 
the  following  resolution  was  unanimously  passed  and  the  Chairman  and 
Secretary  were  instructed  to  inform  Mr.  Nice  of  the  same: 

RESOLVED  that  the  thanks  of  this  meeting  are  due,  and  are  hereby 
tendered  Mr.  Levi  Nice  for  his  liberality  in  filling  the  two  kegs  with 
whiskey    (Old   Pennsylvania)    intended  to  be   sent  by  the   Coopers  to 
the  companion  of  Washington,  "the  great  and  good  La  Fayette." 
John  Thomson,  Tho".  G.  Connor. 

Secretary.  Chairman. 

HEZEKIAH  PRICE,  a  private  in  the  company  of  Capt.  John  Nice,  Sixth 
Pennsylvania  Infantry,  Col.  Robert  Magaw,  is  reported  sick  at  the  Con- 
tinental Hospital.  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  November,  1777,  February,  1779. 

FORMATION  OF  THE  CLAY  PARTY,  OF  1832. — We  are  indebted  to  Mr. 
Charles  F.  Haseltine  for  the  following  copy  of  the  circular  sent  out  by 
the  friends  of  Henry  Clay  to  organize  the  National  Republican  Party 
Associations  in  the  wards  of  the  city  and  townships  of  the  county  of 
Philadelphia. 

Formation  of  the  Clay  Party  of  1832. 


At  a  private  meeting  of  the  friends  of  Henry  Clay,  held  at  Keating's 
Hall  on  Monday  evening  the  30th  of  January  1832,  Daniel  W.  Coxe  Esq. 
was  called  to  the  chair  &  James  Hanna  appointed  Secretary.  The 
Committee  of  Finance  consisting  of  Messrs.  J.  P.  Wetherill,  J.  B.  Trevor, 
J.  Hanna,  G.  Ristow  and  R.  Bethell,  appointed  at  a  previous  meeting, 
made  the  following  report,  which  was  on  Motion  adopted:  The  Com- 
mittee appointed  to  devise  a  plan  for  Collecting  a  Necessary  Fund 
Report  the  following  as  a  plan  that  to  them  seems  most  likely  to  raise 
at  any  period  the  means  that  might  be  required  with  the  greatest  facil- 
ity and  despatch,  and  at  the  same  time  to  secure  an  active  and  efficient 
organization  of  the  National  Republican  party  throughout  the  City  & 
County  of  Philadelphia.  They  recommended  the  immediate  formation 
of  National  Republican  Associations  in  each  of  the  Wards  of  the  City, 
and  in  each  of  the  Districts  and  Townships  of  the  County.  Such  Asso- 
ciations to  embrace  if  possible,  all  the  friends  of  the  cause  residing 
within  their  respective  bounds;  a  constitution  with  such  other  regula- 
tions that  may  be  necessary  for  their  government  to  be  adopted  to  each 
of  the  Associations  with  the  usual  and  necessary  officers,  and  their  meet- 
ings to  be  held  at  stated  periods.  Each  association  to  appoint  two 
members,  who  collectively  shall  constitute  a  Committee  of  Correspond- 
ence and  Superintendence  for  the  City  and  County  of  Philadelphia. 
Each  association  to  appoint  also  a  Committee  of  Collection,  to  procure 
from  the  National  Republicans  within  its  limits  whatever  amount  they 


490  Notes  and  Queries. 

may  be  willing  to  contribute  for  the  advancement  of  our  principles.  The 
Fund  thus  collected  to  be  deposited  with  the  Treasurer  of  the  Committee 
of  Correspondence  and  Superintendence,  and  to  be  at  the  disposal  of  said 
Committee.  On  Motion  Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  five  in  each  ward, 
and  a  corresponding  number  in  each  of  the  adjoining  districts,  be  ap- 
pointed to  carry  into  immediate  operation  the  proposed  plan  of  organiza- 
tion in  their  respective  wards  and  districts.  The  following  were  ap- 
pointed by  the  Meeting. 

Upper  Delaware  Ward.  Andrew  Geyer,  John  Haseltme,  Samuel  J. 
Bobbins,  Benjamin  C.  Cooper  and  Charles  Stout. 

Lower  Delaware  Ward.  Nathan  R.  Potts,  Peter  Christian,  Henry  C. 
Corbit,  Gideon  Scull,  and  W.  A.  Peddle. 

High  Street  Ward.  Caleb  Cope,  Wm.  T.  Smith,  Wm.  S.  Dillingham, 
Geo.  Hartley,  and  John  Culin. 

Chestnut  Ward.  Josiah  Randall,  John  S.  Warner,  Samuel  C.  Cooper, 
Wm.  L.  Ward,  and  Nathaniel  Davis. 

Walnut  Ward.  John  Binns,  Edw.  Ingersoll,  Abraham  Russell  Jr. 
Isaac  Myer  and  R.  Howell. 

Dock  Ward.  Lawrence  Lewis,  Jos.  Aiken,  J.  C.  Martin,  Wm  Patton, 
and  Robert  Donnell. 

Pine  Ward.  Geo.  W.  Jones,  Sanderson  Robert,  John  Warrington, 
Joshua  Bunting,  and  John  Francis. 

New  Market  Ward.  Wm  Milnor,  J.  Rakestraw,  R.  C.  See,  Jacob  B. 
Lancaster,  and  J.  Hall  Bready. 

Cedar  Ward.  J.  G.  Clarkson.  Geo.  Beck,  Enoch  Thorn,  John  Gilder, 
and  Richard  Dixon. 

Locust  Ward.  Cha".  Barrington  Jr.,  Wm  White  Jr.,  David  Paul 
Brown,  David  Winebrenner,  and  Willing  Francis. 

South  Ward.  Theo.  H.  Smith,  Samuel  Rush,  Robert  Hare  Jr.,  James 
Smith,  and  Edward  Parker. 

Middle  Ward.  And.  M.  Jones,  Samuel  Morris,  C.  H.  Tiers,  Wm 
Montelius,  and  Jos.  B.  Smith. 

North  Ward.  John  B.  Trevor,  Rob*.  Govett,  Samuel  Fox,  Peter  Con- 
rad, and  Samuel  Bispham. 

South  Mulberry.  Benj.  Tevis,  J.  P.  Wetherill,  Frederick  Fraley, 
Thomas  Earp,  and  Isaa<j  Herbert. 

North  Mulberry.  Robert  Bethell,  M.  S.  Hallowell,  Wm  Walton,  T.  S. 
Richards,  and  Joshua  G.  Harker. 

Southwark.  Daniel  Green,  Jas.  Gregory,  James  Hanna,  Geo.  W. 
Gillingham,  Henry  Flickwir,  Joseph  Lawrence,  Benj.  Minsch,  Jonathan 
Chew,  John  Friedline,  and  John  Scolfield. 

Northern  Liberties.  Robert  Ritchie,  David  Scattergood,  Benj.  W. 
Clark,  Robert  A.  Parrish,  Theo.  M.  Hart,  Jos.  Gorgas,  Jacob  M.  Thomas, 
Simon  Jordan,  Tho".  Connell,  and  James  Vanetta. 

Penn  Township.  Lawrence  Sinister,  Adam  Woelper,  Edmund  Hollings- 
head,  Jas.  Laws  and  Enoch  Stratton. 

Kensington.     Michael  Day,  Wm.  Fitler,  Jno.  C.  Browne  &  James  Keen. 

Resolved ;  That  the  Secretary  be  requested  to  have  one  hundred  copies 
of  the  proceedings  of  this  meeting  printed,  and  to  distribute  them  among 
the  members  of  the  ward  and  district  committees. 

Resolved.  That  said  Committees  be  requested  early  to  adopt  meas- 
ures to  put  into  operation  at  their  respective  wards  and  districts  the 
proposed  associations. 

Meeting  adjourned. 

J.  M. 

LIEUT.  JAMES  GLENTWOBTH  OF  THE  PENNSYLVANIA  LINE. — James 
Glentworth  was  commissioned  by  the  Council  of  Safety  February  11, 
1777,  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Second  Pennsylvania  Line  Infantry,  and  a  few 


Notes  and  Queries.  491 

months  later  transferred  to  the  Sixth  Regiment  of  Infantry;  was  taken 
prisoner  in  Spring  of  1780  and  after  being  exchanged  was  transferred 
to  the  Second  Regiment  of  Infantry  January  1,  1783.  After  the  war  he 
served  as  Collector  of  the  Port  of  Philadelphia. 

Philad"  Jany  9,  1777 
Gentlemen, 

As  my  Nephew  James  Glentworth  is  desirous  of  engaging  again  in  the 
Service  of  his  Country,  Permit  me  to  recommend  him  to  your  Notice  for 
a  Subaltern's  Commission.  I  have  enclosed  his  recommendation  from 
the  Colonel  of  the  New  York  Militia  from  which  he  was  draughted,  If 
not  fully  satisfactory  to  the  Hon1  Board  Col.  Bicker  will  acquaint  them 
of  his  Merit. 

I  am  with  greatest  respect  Gentlemen 

Your  most  obdt  Ser* 

George  Glentworth. 
To  the  Honourable  Council  of  Safety. 

A  GOSSIPY  LETTER  OF  A  SOLDIER  OF  THE  REVOLUTION. — 

Novem,  26th  1781 
D'  Sir 

Being  for  some  days  past  Considerably  perplexed  in  my  mind  respect- 
ing some  Suposed  Grand  plan  which  has  been  Conducted  under  Cover 
of  the  Most  Intricate  Memoirs;  I  am  at  last,  by  a  tedious  and  Labouri- 
ous  Studdy  arived  at  the  Summit  of  a  perfect  knowldg  of  the  whole 
Mistery — as  you  are  a  Gentleman  I  would  wish  to  oblige  I  Should  think 
my  self  Wanting  in  Gratitude  if  I  did  not  take  the  earliest  opportunity 
to  Inform  you  of  the  whole  Affair. 

In  the  first  place  you  must  be  Sencible  the  field  officers  of  the  Light 
Infantry  Ware  Justifyable  in  Making  use  of  the  fowls  and  Vegetables 
in  their  own  Messes  which  they  prepared  for  the  Intertainment  of  the 
french  officers,  as  they  did  not  Chuse  to  dine  with  them  as  the  expected 
— this  may  be  Ocasioned  by  Governor  Reeds  sending  three  hundred 
Blankets  for  the  use  of  the  Pensya  Line  which  he  was  Confidant  would 
be  suffitient  as  the  Regiments  ware  to  be  Incorporated — but  Congress 
move  of  the  State  of  the  army  and  ordered  ten  more  in  adition  to  the 
three  hundred — at  any  rate  the  boats  which  ware  transported  by  land 
from  the  North  River  ware  launchd  into  the  Pesiack  River  with  the  oars 
Muffled — Neither  could  the  Araingment  of  the  Pensy*  Line  be  Com- 
pleated  because  the  President  and  Council  had  not  Money  to  bear  the 
Expenses  of  an  Express  to  bring  Intelegence  from  fort  pit — but  as  the 
day  Grew  Wet  and  Would  not  admit  of  Marching  We  Ware  reviewed  by 
the  french  officers  Governor  Reed  Declares  that  his  officers  shall  have 
each  a  New  Sute  of  Cloaths  by  the  first  of  January  as  he  has  sent  a 
Ship  to  Holland  at  the  expense  of  the  State — the  Captains  and  Sub* 
canot  admit  that  it  would  be  Concistant  with  Justice,  to  Indulge  the 
field  and  Staff  officers  with  the  State  Boots  this  Winter  as  it  is  more 
than  probible  they  will  Ride  on  horseback  themselves,  in  a  short  time 
for  the  Assembly  asure  Us  that  we  shall  have  Sirtificates  for  the  de- 
preciation of  our  pay,  which  they  are  Confidant  will  at  least  purchase 
a  sute  of  New  Cloaths  at  the  Expiration  of  the  War,  Provided  Always 
that  it  terminates  in  favour  of  Independance — at  any  rate  it  is  obvious 
that  Gen  Arnolds  trachery  was  the  Cause  of  Major  Andru's  Untimely 
Death — for  Col.  Stewart  gave  orders  that  Soldiers  should  be  Well 
powdered  Notwithstanding  the  rain,  for  Gen.  hand  Could  not  Issue 
Brigade  orders  respecting  it,  Like  Gen.  Wane  (to  be  Clean  Shaved  and 
fresh  powdered,  arms  and  Acutriments  in  the  best  order)  as  he  Quar- 
tered some  Miles  from  Camp  in  order  that  he  Might  be  in  readiness 
to  March  at  the  Shortest  Notice,  for  he  could  not  Depend  on  his  Brigade 
Major  as  he  was  absent  Adjutant  purcel  also  had  been  arested  by  Lt. 


492  Notes  and  Queries. 

Col.  Smith  for  obeying  Col.  Stewarts  orders — Major  McPherson  however 
had  returned  from  his  Intended  route  to  Corolinah — Neither  did  the 
light  troops  take  Staten  Island  as  was  Expected — this  Might  have  been 
owing  to  Col.  Crague  having  the  Command  of  the  Invilids  and  Marching 
them  to  Morristown,  or  to  so  many  of  the  field  officers  spending  their 
time  in  Philadelphia  however  orders  ware  Issued  for  Marching  the  Next 
day  at  11  O  Clock  and  in  order  that  the  baggage  might  Move  with  the 
troops  the  Quartermaster  General  ordered  the  Wagons  to  go  in  serch  of 
forage  but  at  all  Events  to  be  in  Camp  the  day  after  the  troops  ware 
to  March — the  field  officers  who  have  for  some  time  past  been  about 
to  resign,  rather  than  be  incumbred  with  half  pay  Chuse  to  remain  in 
the  Service,  altho  to  Ease  the  burthen  of  it  Congress  have  alowed  them 
the  privilege  of  holding  any  office  the  States  are  pleased  to  Confer  on 
them  but  T  Canot  Concive  how  that  can  be  Construd  into  an  obstical 
Suffitient  to  prevent  the  Marquises  Cloathing  from  holding  out,  Nor 
the  reason  why  Capt  Henderson  broke  his  Sword  or  Capt  Stakes  servant 
Spends  so  much  of  his  and  Capt.  Walker's  Money — Notwithstanding  if 
it  was  not  for  the  Black  feathers  with  red  tops  Gen.  Wain  would  make 
his  Men  believe  they  ware  the  Light  Infantry,  for  the  made  a  forced 
March  to  West  point  and  returned  at  their  Leasure — all  this  did  not 
prevent  Capt.  Talberts  geting  his  Sword  exchang*1  or  Capt  Lillies  loosing 
two  hard  dollars  by  a  bett  respecting  the  Army  going  on  Staten  Island — 

Long  Service  has  proved  it  to  be  absolutely  Necessary  that  proper 
Distinction  should  be  made  between  the  field  and  other  officers,  particu- 
larly at  a  time  when  the  Inferior  officers  are  Likely  to  out  Shine  the 
field  officers  in  Merit— however  in  order  that  the  Inferior  officers  may 
Not  have  an  opertunity  of  being  acquainted  with  their  foybles  the  have 
Wisely  formed  a  plan  of  Messing  by  themselves — but  this  does  Not 
Intirely  Prevent  their  asking  a  favourite  to  dine  with  them — Nor  could 
the  Unpareleled  Logick,  asisted  by  the  Most  Shining  Oratory,  of  Gen 
Sulavan  prevale  on  Congress  to  alow  the  Soldier's  who  had  been  on  the 
Western  Expedition  any  Gratuity  for  the  Deffetiency  of  their  provitions 
— but  still  Insisted  on  it  that  the  punkans  and  beans  ware  more  than 
Suffitient  to  make  up  the  Deffitiencys  of  their  rations — but  this  could 
by  no  Means  Influence  Capt.  Stake  in  favor  of  building  a  New  Chimbly, 
and  the  troops  under  Marchng  orders — I  shall  hasten  to  a  Conclution 
as  I  am  fully  asured  I  have  unburthened  my  Mind  of  such  a  Wait  of 
Studies  as  would  be  suffitient  to  bend  to  the  Ground  any  person  who  was 
not  Pocessed  of  a  considerable  Degree  of  fortitude — Nor  will  I  think 
my  labour  lost  if  it  has  only  a  tendency  to  give  you  a  clear  Idea  of 
Maters. 

Wm  Henderson 

DURHAM  IRON  WORKS. — 

To  the  Honble  the  Supream  Executive  Council 

for  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 
The  Petition  of  George  Taylor  of  Durham,  in 

the  County  of  Bucks. 
Humbly  Sheweth 

That  your  Petitioner  about  five  years  ago,  rented  from  Joseph 
Galloway,  late  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  the  Lands  and  Works  called 
and  known  by  the  name  of  Durham  Furnace,  at  the  yearly  rent  of  Two 
hundred  and  fifty  pounds,  but  from  the  unsettled  State  of  Affairs  and 
the  scarcity  of  hands  for  these  two  years  past,  he  was  rendered  unable 
to  carry  them  on  to  any  Advantage,  as  the  last  year  he  made  but  a 
small  quantity  of  Shot  for  the  Continental  Navy,  and  the  present  year 
he  has  not  been  able  even  to  blow  the  Furnace — And  as  your  Petitioner 
was  to  have  the  Privilege  under  his  present  Lease,  which  will  not 
expire  untill  November  next  of  having  it  renewed  upon  the  same  Terms, 


Notes  and  Queries.  493 

for  five  years  more,  upon  his  giving  five  Months  Notice,  and  as  your 
Petitioner  has  not  had  it  in  his  power  to  give  such  Notice,  neither  was 
it  his  wish  to  have  any  Correspondence  with  Mr.  Galloway  in  the 
Situation  &  Circumstance  as  he  now  is,  and  not  knowing  till  very 
lately  where  to  apply,  he  now  humbly  hopes,  that  under  his  present 
Circumstances,  the  Honble  the  Council  will  permit  of  the  renewal  of 
his  Lease,  agreeable  to  the  Covenant  in  the  Agreement  between  Mr. 
Galloway  and  him,  more  especially  when  it  is  considered,  that  your 
Petitioner  has  now  at  the  Furnace  above  named  three  hundred  Tons 
of  Ore,  a  large  Quantity  of  Wood  ready  cut  on  a  Tract  of  Wood  Land 
near  Durham  which  he  purchased,  and  which  is  of  no  other  Value, 
but  for  the  Wood  on  it,  all  of  which  has  cost  your  Petitioner  a  con- 
siderable sum  of  money — And  your  Petitioner  would  further  beg  leave 
to  represent  to  the  Honble  the  Councill  that  last  Week,  a  certain  George 
Wall  calling  himself  an  Agent  for  the  forfeited  Estates  in  Bucks  County 
came  to  the  Works  and  before  making  any  Application  or  giving  any 
Information  to  Your  Petitioner,  and  in  his  absence,  then  ordered  the 
Hands  at  Work  not  to  proceed  in  the  employ,  since  when  a  certain 
James  Morgan  who  says  he  acts  under  and  by  the  Authority  of  the  said 
George  Wall  has  removed,  as  your  Petitioner  is  informed,  a  Quantity 
of  mettle  lying  at  the  Stamping  Mill,  and  which  your  Petitioner  con- 
ceives to  be  his  Property  under  his  present  Lease.  He  therefore  humbly 
prays  the  Attention  of  the  Honble  the  Council,  to  the  above  Repre- 
sentation and  that  Direction  may  be  given  that  your  Petitioner  may 
not  be  disturbed  in  the  quiet  and  peaceful  Possession  of  the  premises 
during  his  present  Lease  thereof. 

And  your  Petitioner  as  in  duty  bound  will  ever  pray 

George  Taylor 
Philadelphia  July  22nd.  1778. 

MBS.  ANN  SMITH,  wife  of  William  Smith  of  this  city,  physician,  died 
on  Tuesday,  the  4th  instant.  She  was  descended  of  an  ancient  and 
respectable  family,  and  with  a  disposition  peculiarly  amiable,  and  in 
her  deportment  exemplary  and  engaging,  she  availed  herself  of  superior 
natural  and  acquired  accomplishments  to  diffuse  a  constant  beam  of 
happiness  through  the  several  connections  of  social  and  domestic  life. 
Her  remains  were  accompanied  to  the  Presbyterian  burying  ground  in 
Arch  Street  by  a  very  respectable  number  of  her  friends,  who  knew 
her  merits  when  living  and  now  lament  her  death.  Penna.  Packet, 
April  15,  1780. 

LOYALIST  ORGANIZATIONS  IN  THE  REVOLUTIONARY  WAR. — The  follow- 
ing is  a  list  of  the  Loyalist  military  organizations,  with  their  com- 
manders, recruited  in  the  Colonies  between  1777-1783. 

American  Legion,  Brig.  Gen.  Benedict  Arnold. 

British  Legion,  Lieut.  Col.  Banistre  Tarleton. 

Bucks  County  [Pa.]  Light  Dragoons,  Lieut.  Col.  Watson. 

Carolina  King's  Rangers,  Lieut.  Col.  Thomas  Brown. 

Chester  County  [Pa.]  Light  Dragoons,  Capt.  Jacob  James. 

De  Diemar's  Huzzars,  Capt.  Frederick  De  Diemar. 

De  Lancey's  First  Battalion,  Lieut.  Col.  J.  Harris  Cruger. 

do.    '      Second     do.         Col.   George   Brewertqn. 

do.  Third       do.          Col.  Gabriel  G.  Ludlow. 

Emmerick's  Chasseurs,  Lieut.  Col.  Andreas  Emmerick. 
Ferguson's  Corps,  Major  Patrick  Ferguson. 
Georgia  Light  Dragoons,  Capt.  Archibald  Campbell. 
Georgia  Loyalists,  Major  James  Wright. 
Gendesand  Pioneers,  Major  John  Aldington. 


494  Notes  and  Queries. 

Hierliky's  Corps,  Lieut.  Col.  Timothy  Hierliky. 

King's  American  Dragoons,  Lieut.  Col.  Benjamin  Thompson. 

King's  American  Regiment,  Col.  Edmund  Fanning. 

King's  Orange  Rangers,  Lieut.  Col.  John  Bayard. 

Loyal  American  Rangers,  Major  William  Odell. 

Loyal  American  Regiment,  Col.  Beverly  Robinson. 

Loyal  Foresters,  Lieut.  Col.  John  Connolly. 

Loyal  New  Englanders,  Lieut.  Col.  George  Wightman. 

Maryland  Loyalists,  Lieut.  Col.  James  Chalmers. 

New  Jersey  Volunteers,  1st  Batl.,  Lieut.  Col.  Elisha  Lawrence. 

do.  2d    "       Lieut.  Col.  John  Morris. 

do.  3d    "       Lieut.  Col.  E.  Vaughan  Dongan. 

do.  4th  "       Lieut.  Col.  Abram  Van  Buskirk. 

do.  5th  "       Lieut.  Col.  Joseph  Barton. 

do.  6th  "       Lieut.  Col.  Isaac  Allen. 

New  York  Volunteers,  Lieut.  Col.  George  Turnbull. 
North  Carolina  Dragoons,  Capt.  Robert  Gillies. 
North  Carolina  Highlanders,  Major  Alexander  McDonald. 
North  Carolina  Volunteers,  Lieut.  Col.  Samuel  Bryan. 
Pennsylvania  Loyalists,  Lieut.  Col.  William  Allen. 
Philadelphia  Light  Dragoons,  Capt.  Richard  Hovenden. 
Prince  of  Wales  Americans,  Brig.  Gen.  Montford  Browne. 
Provincial  Light  Infantry,  Major  Thomas  Barclay. 
Queen's  Rangers,  Lieut.  Col.  John  G.  Simcoe. 
Rogers'  King  Rangers,  Lieut.  Col.  Robert  Rogers. 
Roman  Catholic  Volunteers,  Lieut.  Col.  Alfred  Clifton. 
Royal  American  Reformers,  Lieut.  Col.  Rudolphus  Ritzema. 
Royal  Fencible  Americans,  Lieut.  Col.  Joseph  Goreham. 
Royal  Garrison  Battalion,  Lieut.  Col.  Robert  Donkin. 
Royal  Highland  Emigrants,*  Lieut.  Col.  John  Small. 
Royal  North  Carolina  Regiment,  Lieut.  Col.  John  Hamilton. 
South  Carolina  Dragoons,  Capt.  Edward  Fenwick. 
South  Carolina  Rangers,  Major  John  Harrison. 
South  Carolina  Royalists,  Col.  Alexander  Innes. 
Volunteers  of  New  England,  Major  Joshua  Upham. 
Volunteers  of  Ireland,  Col.  Lord  Rawden. 
Wentworth  Volunteers,  Major  Daniel  Murray. 
West  Florida  Foresters,  Capt.  Adam  Chrystie. 
West  Jersey  Volunteers,  Lieut.  Col.  John  Vandike. 
Armed  Boatmen,  Capt.  William  Luce. 
Batteaumen,  Capt.  Peter  Van  Alstine. 
Black  Pioneers,  Capt.  George  Martin. 

EDITOB,  PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE. — 

Will  thee  be  kind  enough  to  note  the  following  errors  in  thy  notice 
of  "Colonial  Men  and  Times,"  in  the  PENNSYLVANIA  MAGAZINE  OP  His- 

TOBY  AND  BlOGBAPHY,  vol.  39,   p.  384: 

1st  line  of  notice  for  Trimble,  read  Trabue;  9th  line,  for  Traube  read 
Trabue;  15th  line,  for  Trimble,  read  Trabue. 

Lilli  Du  Puy  Van  Culin  Harper. 

WHEBE  COUNT  ZINZENDOBF  RESIDED  IN  PHILADELPHIA. — On  December 
2,  1741,  the  dwelling  house  on  the  east  side  of  Second  street,  four  doors 
north  of  Race  street,  was  leased  of  James  Parrock,  for  the  residence 

Count  Zmzendorf  during  his  sojourn  in  Pennsylvania.     He  did  not 

•Thia .regiment  was  in  December  of  1778  placed  on  the  regular 
Establishment  and  designated  84th  of  the  Line. 


Notes  and  Queries.  495 

arrive  however,  before  December  10,  and  then  it  was  not  ready  for  his 
occupancy,  and  at  the  invitation  of  John  Stephen  Benezet,  the  prominent 
French  merchant,  who  resided  in  the  square  below,  became  his  guest 
for  a  few  days.  The  house  was  built  of  brick,  alternate  red  and  "black- 
headers,"  three  stories  high,  with  pitch-roof  and  dormer  windows,  with 
ten  rooms,  and  kitchen  and  laundry  detached  in  the  rear.  Glass 
"bullseyes"  in  the  front  door  and  half  moons  in  the  window  shutters 
afforded  light  to  entry  and  rooms.  After  the  return  of  Zinzendorf  to 
Europe,  early  in  1743,  the  building  was  released  by  the  congregation 
he  had  organized  in  the  city,  until  the  completion  of  their  minister's 
house  on  Race  street,  in  September  of  1747.  Caxhayton,  the  counsellor 
of  Canassatego,  a  Sachem  of  the  Six  Nations;  Benjamin  Franklin; 
George  Whitefield;  Gilbert  Tennent;  Charles  Brockden,  Deputy  Master 
of  the  Rolls;  James  Reed;  Gustavus  Hesselius,  the  artist;  William 
Parsons;  Godfrey,  the  inventor  of  the  Quadrant;  Christopher  Sauer, 
and  others  as  well  known,  have  been  entertained  in  this  house.  Parrock 
during  the  Revolution  became  a  Tory  and  after  the  evacuation  of  the 
city  by  the  British  army,  his  estate  was  confiscated.  The  old  dwelling 
house  was  torn  down  during  the  Civil  War. 

LETTER  OF  Hox.  SIMON  CAMEROX  TO  Cor.  REAH  FRAZEK,  1851. 

Midd.  Mar.  19/51 
Dear  Sir 

You  who  have  so  often  heard  Buchanan  denounce  Porter  as  corrupt 
and  dishonest,  will  be  surprised  to  know  that  he  made  him  a  formal 
visit  in  Harrisburg.  I  am  told  the  two  old  political  hacks  had  quite 
a  love  feast  over  a  bottle  of  brandy.  Buck  was  disappointed  in  receiving 
attention  from  the  members  of  assembly,  and  in  his  despair  ran  to  the 
Ex  Gov.  Well,  they  are  suitable  companions — both  so  fallen  that  they 
cannot  carry  a  county,  and  both  so  anxious  for  adulation  that  they 
will  accept  it  from  any  source. 

You  should  have  this  visit  noticed  in  the  Lancaster ian.  It  will  be 
a  fair  offset  for  the  continued  slang  of  the  Intelligencer,  about  our 
reconciliation. 

Very  respectfully 

Simon  Cameron 
Col.  Frazer 

POST-RIDER  IN  ALLEN  TOWNSHIP,  NORTHAMPTON  COUNTY,  PENNA. — 

We,  the  Subscribers    (inhabitants  of  Allen  township  in  the  County  of 

Northampton,  and  Province  of  Pennsylvania)    do  promise,    (each  man 

for  himself   respectively)    to  pay  the  sums  to  our  names  affixed  unto 

post-rider,  for  his  trouble  and  pains  in  carrying 

each  of  our  newspapers,  from  Philadelphia  to  John  Hays  Jr.  or  Neigel 
Grays  in  said  township  once  in  every  week  for  the  space  or  term  of  12 
months  from  the  date  hereof.  But  if  the  said  Post-Rider  shall  neglect 
to  carry  said  papers  and  lodge  them  as  aforesaid  (extremity  of  weather 
excepted)  he  shall  not  be  entitled  to  this  our  subscriptions.  And  for 
confirmation  of  the  above  agreement  the  said  parties  have  hereunto 
set  their  hands  the  2d  Day  of  October  1775. 

John  Rosbrugh, 
John  Ralston,  son 
of  James  Ralston, 
James  Allison, 
William  Carruthers, 
John  Hays, 
John  Walker, 
Neigel  Gray, 
Robert  Lattimore 


496  Notes  and  Queries. 

MADEIRA  WINE  FOB  LORD  STIRLING. — 

Peekskill  October  4  1781 
Sir. 

Please  to  deliver  the  bearer  for  Lord  Stirling  Five  Gallons  of 
Madeira  Wine,  & 

I  am  Sir 

Yours  &c.  &c — 
Tho.  Fred.  Jackson 
Aide  De  Camp 

Mr.  Kimbely 

COPY  OF  PAGE  TABLET,  IN  GLOUCESTER  COURT  HOUSE,  GLOUCESTER,  VA. 
Contributed  by  Hon.  Norris  S.  Barratt. — 

Hon.  Mann  Page,  Member  of  King's  Council  and  of  original  Board 
of  Trustees  of  William  and  Mary  College,  Virginia. 

Born,  1659;  Died,  January  9,  1709. 
Hon.  Mann  Page;  Member  of  King's  Council; 

Born,  1691;  Died,  January  24,  1790. 

Hon.  Mann  Page,  2nd.  Member  of  Board  of  Trustees  William  and 
Mary  College. 

Born,  1718. 
Hon.  John  Page,  of  North  End.    Member  of  King's  Council. 

Born,  1720,  Died,  1768. 
Robert  Page,  of  Broad  Neck. 

Born,  1722,  Died,  1768. 

Hon.  John  Page,  of  Rosewell.  Member  of  King's  Council;  Virginia 
Convention;  Committee  of  Safety  of  Congress;  Lieut-Col.  Revolutionary 
War;  Governor  of  Virginia. 

Born,  April  17,  1744;  Died,  Oct.  11,  1808. 

Hon.  Mann  Page,  of  Mansfield.  Member  of  Virginia  Convention  and 
of  Congress. 

Born,  1749,  Died,  

Mann  Page,  of  Shelly. 

Born,  1766;  Died,  August  24,  1813. 
Francis  Page,  of  Rugg  Swamp,  Hanover  County,  Virginia. 

Born,  1780;  Died,  November  5,  1849. 

John  Page,  of  Shelly.    Soldier  in  the  War  of  1812. 

Born,  March  7,  1789;  Died,  January  31,  1817. 

Thomas  Nelson  Page,  of  Shelly,  Virginia. 

Born,  October  5,  1792;  Died,  October,  1835. 
Mann  Page,  of  Greenland. 

Born,  June  9,  1794;  Died,  January,  1841. 

Thomas  Jefferson  Page,  of  Shelly.  Captain  U.  S.  N.,  Commander  of 
La  Plata  Exploration  Expedition ;  Commander  Confederate  States  Navy. 

Born,  January  8,  1808;  Died,  October  26,  1899. 
Francis  Nelson  Page,  Major,  U.  S.  A. 

Born,  October  28,  1820;  Died,  March  25,  1860. 
Powhatan  R.  Page. 

Born,  June,  1822;  Killed  at  Petersburg,  Va.  January  17,  1864. 
Colonel,  C.  S.  A. 

John  Randolph  Page,  M.  D.  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.  Professor,  University 
of  Virginia. 

Born,  August  10,  1830;  Died,  March  11,  1901. 
Richard  M.  Page,  Captain  C.  S.  A. 

Born,  November  20,  1838;  Died,  March  8,  1901 
Peyton  N.  Page,  Major,  C.  S.  A. 

Born,  August  10,   1840;   Died  January  17,   1891. 


Notes  and  Queries.  497 

John  Page,  Admiral  Argentine  Navy;  Commander  of  Pilconac  Ex- 
ploration. 

Born,  November  29,  1840;  Died,  1890. 
Thomas  Jefferson  Page,  Jr.,  Major,  C.  S.  A. 
Fred.  M.  Page,  Captain  U.  S.  A.    Professor  University  of  Virginia. 

Born,  April  15,  1852;  Died,  October  25,  1900. 
Thomas  Nelson  Page,  Member  of  U.  S.  Coast  Survey; 
Born  August  26,  1881 ;  Died,  January  30,  1902. 

John  Page,  of  Oakland;  Captain  and  Major  on  Staff  of  Chief  of 
Artillery,  A  N.  Va.  C.  S'.  A.  Commonwealth's  attorney  of  Hanover 
County,  Virginia. 

Born,  April  26,  1821;  Died,  October  30,  1901. 

All  these  kept  the  Faith. 

This  Tablet  is  erected  by  the  Circuit  Court  of  Gloucester  County, 
the  home  of  the  Virginia  Pages. 

LETTER  OF  THANKS  OF  LORD  STIRLING  TO  HENRY  GLEN,  ESQ.,  1781. — 

Head  Quarters  Albany  Oct  27  1781 

10  o'clock  A.  M. 
Sir. 

I  am  directed  by  Major  General  Lord  Stirling  to  return  you  his 
sincere  thanks  for  your  attention  in  forwarding  on  the  Intelligence 
receiv'd  from  the  Westward,  and  to  desire  you  will  continue  to  do  it 
as  fast  as  it  may  arrive  at  Schnectedy — he  likewise  hopes  you  will 
loose  no  time  in  forwarding  the  Ammunition  to  Col.  Willett  as  soon 
as  it  may  arrive. 

I  am 

Sir 

Your  humbl  Serv* 
Richard  Sill 
Henry  Glen  Esq,  Aide  De  Camp 

AN  ITEM  OF  VALUE. — It  is  of  record  in  Fairfield,  Conn.,  Probates  Vol. 
7,  p.  83. — 1729,  May  12:  "Thomas  Jones  of  Cohanzy  in  ye  County  of 
Salem  [N.  J.]  appointed  administrator  on  the  estate  of  Joseph  Lyon  of 
said  Cohanzey,  deceased."  R. 

A  RELIC  OF  THE  REBELLION. — Responding  to  the  proclamation  of 
President  Lincoln  of  April  15,  1861,  for  75,000  men  to  defend  the 
integrity  of  the  Union,  there  was  at  once  organized  in  this  city,  a  fine 
body  of  men  known  as  the  "Merchant's  Troop  of  Philadelphia."  This 
was  the  first  volunteer  company  of  cavalry  formed  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
when  the  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  was  organized,  the  "Merchant's 
Troop"  was  mustered  in  as  Company  A,  July  18,  1861,  for  three  years. 
The  guidon  of  the  "Troop"  (the  first  made  by  the  Messrs.  Horstmann's 
of  this  city  for  that  branch  of  the  service),  in  an  excellent  state  of 
preservation,  has  been  presented  by  Mr.  George  M.  Newhall,  a  brother 
of  Capt.  Walter  Newhall,  of  the  company,  to  the  Historical  Society  of 
Pennsylvania. 

THOMAS  FORREST,  STOCK  BROKER,  PHILADELPHIA. — 

Mrs.  E.  M.  Knight,  of  Middleton,  New  York,  kindly  contributes  the 
following  copy  of  the  original  bill  in  her  collection.  The  bill,  partly 
engraved,  is  5$  x  6£.  Thomas  Forrest  was  Lieut.-Colonel  of  Proctor's 
regiment  of  artillery;  resigned  October  7,  1781;  member  of  Congress, 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 32 


498  Notes  and  Queries. 

1819-1823,  and  died  at  Germantown,  Philada.,  March  20,  1825,  aged 
83  years. 

THOMAS    FORREST    STOCK    BROKER    PHILADELPHIA. 

Samuel  Preston 

Bought  of  Thomas  Forrest  at  his  Office  on  Market  Street  between 
fourth  and  fifth  Streets  nearly  opposite  the  sign  of  the  black  bear 
£14.10.4  Certificates  for  the  land  Office  at  f  p  f  is  £4.2.2.  State 

money  for  patenting  at p  £  is  £  

Received  the  above  in  full 

Thomas  Forrest 

September  10th  1786. 

On  the  reverse  side  is  printed  the  following: 

Certificates,  of  every  kind,  are  bought  and  sold  by  the  Subscriber,  at 
his  Office;  where  all  persons  applying,  may  be  furnished  with  the  exact 
sum  they  may  have  occasion  for  in  the  Land  Office,  and  their  Warrants 
carried  through,  with  greater  expedition  than  strangers  commonly  do, 
without  any  other  charge  than  the  fees  of  the  different  Offices,  by 

1.  FOBBEST. 

f  Secretary's  Office,    13/6 

Fees  for  a  Warrant,  -{  Receiver-General's  Office    10/. 

[  S'uveyor  General's  Office,  7/6 

f  Receiver  General's  Office 15/. 

Fees  for  Patenting  •<  Surveyor  General's  Office 15/6 

t  Secretary's  Office  35/6 

A  CUBIOUS  WILL. — Hon.  Charles  I.  Landis  contributes  the  following 
copy  of  will  of  Isaac  Miranda,  of  Lancaster  county,  Penna.,  which  was 
probated  November  17,  1732,  and  recorded  Will  Book  A.  p.  6.  The 
bequests  to  James  Hamilton  reverted  to  the  testator's  daughter  Mary, 
as  the  marriage  between  the  two  was  never  consumated. 

IN  THE  NAME  OF  GOD  AMEN.  The  Twentieth  day  of  June  in  the  year 
of  our  Lord  One  Thousand  Seven  Hundred  &  thirty-two  I  Isaac  Miranda 
of  the  County  of  Lancaster  &  Province  of  Pennsylvania  Gent,  being 
very  sick  &  Weak  in  Body  but  of  Perfect  mind  and  Memory  thanks  be 
given  unto  God  therefore  Calling  unto  mind  the  mortality  of  my  Body 
and  knowing  that  it  is  appointed  for  all  Men  once  to  Dye  do  make  and 
ordain  this  my  Last  Will  &  Testament  that  is  to  say  principall  &  first 
of  all  I  give  and  Recomend  my  Soul  into  the  Hands  of  God  that  gave 
it  and  for  my  Body  I  recomend  it  to  the  Earth  to  be  buried  in  a 
Christian  like  and  Decent  manner  at  the  discretion  of  my  Executor 
nothing  doubting  but  at  the  generall  Resurrection  I  shall  receive  the 
same  again  by  the  mighty  Power  of  God  and  as  Touching  such  wordly 
Estate  wherewith  it  has  pleased  God  to  bless  me  in  this  life.  I  give 
devise  and  dispose  of  the  saime  in  the  following  manner: 
IMPRIMIS  It  is  my  will  and  I  do  order  That  in  the  First  Place  all 
my  Just  debts  and  funerall  charges  be  paid  and  satisfied. 
ITEM  It  is  my  Will  that  my  Platation  in  Dunegall  in  the  County 
aforesaid  and  all  effects  thereunto  belonging  amounting  very  near  the 
sum  of  Two  Hundred  Pounds  be  sold  at  a  Publick  Vandue  by  my 
Executor  hereunder  mentioned.  And  that  all  my  Just  debts  be  paid  an 
answered  out  of  the  same  and  that  the  Remainder  be  paid  to  Thomas 
Leech — ITEM  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  Mary  Miranda  my  Daughter 
my  two  houses  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  now  rented  to  one  Mr.  Biler 
together  with  all  my  household  goods  Bookes  &  other  moveables.  ITEM 
I  give  and  bequeath  to  James  Hamilton  if  he  Marries  my  Daughter  all 
my  Land  which  I  Bought  of  Joseph  Pidgeon  lying  &  being  upon 
Rareington  River  [Raritan,  N.  J.]  which  is  Three  Thousand  Three 


Notes  and  Queries.  499 

hundred  and  Fourteen  Acres  of  Land  but  it  is  here  my  will  that  the 
aforesaid  Tract  of  Land  be  sold  at  a  Publick  Vandue  by  my  Executor 
and  the  money  I  give  to  the  aforesaid.  ITEM  I  will  that  the  one 
Thousand  two  Hundred  &  Fifty  Acres  of  Land  wich  I  Bought  of  Wil- 
liam Betle  lying  &  being  upon  Roughaway  in  the  Jerseys  be  Likewise 
sold  at  a  Publick  Vandue  and  the  Money  given  to  my  Loving  Son  George 
Miranda.  ITEM  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  my  well  beloved  Daughter 
Mary  Miranda  Afoes'd  my  Gold  Watch  &  Chain  &  Dimond  Rings 
together  with  all  my  Plate  locked  up  in  a  trunk  now  lying  at  the  house 
of  Thomas  Leechs  in  Philadelphia  and  my  late  wifes  cloathes.  ITEM.  I 
give  in  Trust  to  Thomas  Leech  at'd  whom  I  likewise  constitute  make  & 
ordain  my  only  &  Sole  Executor  of  this  my  Last  Will  and  Testament 
all  the  money  due  to  me  from  William  Rawle  in  order  to  pay  what  is 
due  from  FROM  me  and  the  remainder  I  give  to  my  aforesaid  Executor 
he  taking  care  of  my  Daughter  Mary  and  whereas  their  is  Ninety  Five 
Pounds  It'd  comeing  from  England  by  Perquin  &  Sitwell  in  Ironware 
1  desire  &  it  is  my  Will  that  my  afoes'd  Exec'r  do  sell  the  same  and 
the  Money  I  give  to  James  Hamilton  if  he  marries  my  Daughter  other- 
ways  to  my  Daughter  Mary  Miranda.  ITEM  I  do  hereby  desire  that 
my  Execut.  may  order  to  be  taken  up  Eight  breeding  mares  One  Black 
Horse  two  white  Horses  and  a  Sorrel  Horse  now  Running  in  the 
Woods  and  the  said  Creatures  be  sold  and  the  Money  I  give  to  Geo. 
Miranda  upon  the  conditions  aforesaid  or  else  otherways.  ITEM.  I 
do  hereby  further  desire  my  aforesaid  Execut.  to  Collect  and  receive  of 
these  Persons  hereafter  Named  these  Several  Sums  of  Money  Particu- 
larly mentioned  viz.  of  William  Bell  the  sum  of  twenty  Pounds.  Charles 
Simpson  the  Sum  of  Twenty  Pounds.  Hannah  Grounden  the  Sum  of 
Thirty  Three  Pounds.  Widd'w  Allison  of  Burlington  the  Sum  of  Fifty 
Pounds.  Samuel  James  of  New  Castle  the  Sum  of  Ten  Pounds.  Patrick 
Martin  the  Sum  of  Twelve  Pounds  &  John  McCain  the  Sum  of  Seven 
Pounds  lOp  which  said  sums  of  money  I  do  give  and  bequeath  to  my 
Daughter  Mary  Miranda  And  further  whereas  it  is  my  will  that  what 
my  Brother  Joseph  Miranda  Stuart  to  the  Duke  of  Tuscany  has  left  me 
by  Will  or  will  leave  me  I  do  hereby  give  to  James  Hamilton  if  he 
maries  my  Daughter  otherways  wholly  to  herself  and  I  do  hereby 
utterly  disanull  revoak  &  disallow  all  and  every  other  former  Testament 
Will  Legacies  &  Execut.  by  me  in  any  ways  before  this  time  name 
willed  or  bequeathed  Ratified  Confirming  this  and  no  other  to  be  my 
Last  Will  and  Testament  Only  this  Mentions — Before  Sealing  and  De- 
livery that  I  give  unto  my  Son  Samuel  Miranda  One  English  Shilling. 
In  Witness  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  Seal  the  Day  & 
year  first  above  Written. 

SIGNED  Sealed  Published  pronounced  &  declared  by  the  said  Isaac 
Miranda  as  his  last  Will  and  Testament,  in  the  Presence  of  the  Sun- 
scribers  Samuell  Bethell,  Edmond  Cartledge,  Jno.  R.  Marsden. 

Isaac  Miranda         (Seal). 

My  Deeds  is  in  Simon  Edgell  hands  in  the  High  Street  in  Philadel- 
phia to  whom  I  owe  not  a  peny.  Isaac  Miranda  Ja.  Mitchell  I  give 
500  a.  of  Land  for  my  son  Samuell  out  of  my  Daughters  Tract  and  the 
same  Power  that  I  gave  to  James  Mitchell  &  John  Catherwood  by  Virtue 
of  a  Power  of  Attorney  I  will  and  bequeath  to  my  Son  George  to  to 
receive  &  pay  as  he  see  meet  and  to  have  my  Plantation  in  Dunnegall 
and  the  Wampon  at  Sam'l  Bethelly  and  the  two  White  Horses  There- 
fore I  now  make  the  af'd  Power  of  Attorney  Void  and  of  no  effect  as 
Witness  my  hand 

Isaac  Miranda 
Tetis  Jonah  Davenport. 
John  Galbreath. 


500  Notes  and  Queries. 

GLEANINGS  FROM  PHILADELPHIA  NEWSPAPERS. — 

[The  following  extracts  from  two  soldiers'  letters,  refer  to  the  murder 
of  the  Moravian  Mission  family  by  Indians,  and  the  building  of  Fort 
Allen,  by  the  battalion  of  Col.  Benjamin  Franklin.] 

Pennsylvania  Gazette,  January  20,  1756. 

EXTRACTS  FROM  LETTERS  FROM  THE  CAMP  AT  GNADENHUTTEN,  JANTJABY 
20,  1756. 

"We  have  been  here  since  Sunday  Afternoon:  That  Day  we  had  only 
Time  to  get  up  some  Shelter  from  the  Weather  and  the  Enemy.  Yester- 
day at  Day  it  rained,  with  so  thick  a  Fog,  that  we  could  not  see  round 
us,  so  as  either  to  Chuse  a  Place  for  a  Fort,  or  find  Materials  to  build 
it.  In  the  Night  it  cleared  up,  and  this  Morning  we  determined,  marked 
out  the  Ground,  and  at  Ten  o'Clock  set  the  Men  to  work,  and  they  have 
worked  with  such  Spirit,  that  now,  at  Half  past  Three  in  the  Afternoon, 
all  the  Logs  for  the  Stockade  are  cut,  to  the  Number  of  450,  being  most 
of  them  more  than  a  Foot  in  Diameter,  and  15  Feet  long.  The  Trench 
to  set  them  in,  being  three  Feet  deep,  and  two  wide,  is  dug;  14  pair  of 
Wheels  are  drawing  them  together;  some  are  erected,  and  we  hope  to 
have  the  whole  up,  and  to  be  quite  enclosed  To-morrow.  The  Fort  will 
be  about  125  Feet  long,  and  50  broad.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Beatty  is  with  us, 
and  we  have  regular  Prayers  Morning  and  Evening.  We  went  to 
Prayer  before  we  began  to  work,  all  the  Men  being  drawn  up  to  receive 
Orders  and  Tools  .  .  .  they  found  and  buried  six  Dead  people,  abused 
in  a  shocking  Manner." 

January  26,  1756. 

"Wednesday  we  were  hinder'd  almost  all  Day  by  Rain.  Thursday 
most  of  the  Stockades  were  set  up.  Friday  all  enclosed  to  the  Gate, 
and  Part  of  the  Platform  round  the  Inside  made.  Saturday  the  Plat- 
form was  finished,  and  two  Swivels  mounted.  Sunday  had  a  Thanks- 
giving Sermon,  hoisted  the  British  Flag,  fired  three  Vollies,  and  the 
Swivels,  and  named  the  Place  Fort  Allen." 


SEVEN  HUNDRED  DOLLARS  REWARD. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  sum  of  seven  hundred  pieces  of  eight 
is  raised  by  subscription  among  the  inhabitants  of  the  City  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  now  offered,  with  the  approbation  of  his  honour  the  Gov- 
ernor, as  a  reward  for  any  person  or  persons  who  shall  bring  into  this 
City  the  heads  of  Shingas,  and  Captain  Jacobs,  Chiefs  of  the  Delaware 
Indian  nation;  or  three  hundred  and  fifty  pieces  of  eight  for  each,  pro- 
vided that  due  proof  is  made  of  being  the  real  heads  of  said  Shingas 
or  Captain  Jacobs,  they  having  received  many  favours  from  this  Gov- 
ernment, and  now  treacherously  deserted  our  interest,  and  become  the 
principal  instruments  in  alienating  the  affections  of  the  Indians  from 
his  Majesty  and  the  people  of  this  province. 

N.  B.  It  is  expected  that  this  subscription  will  soon  be  considerably 
increased. 

The  managers  of  the  Academy  Lottery  hereby  give  notice,  that  they 
nave  to  dispose  of  a  few  tickets  in  the  third  class.  The  lottery,  since 
the  drawing  of  the  second  class,  is  six  thousand  one  hundred  and  ninety 
dollars  richer;  and  there  still  remains  in  this  lottery  the  following 
high  prizes,  viz.  One  of  fifteen  hundred  dollars;  three  of  a  thousand 
each;  four  of  seven  hundred  and  fifty  each;  five  of  five  hundred  each; 
eight  of  four  hundred  each;  thirteen  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  each; 
if  teen  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  each;  twenty-three  of  one  hundred  each; 
twenty  of  eighty  each;  forty  of  sixty  each;  twenty-four  of  fifty  each; 
and  sixty  of  forty  each. 


Notes  and  Queries.  501 

The  adventurers  in  the  second  class  are  desired  to  be  speedy  in  re- 
newing their  billets  in  the  third  class,  as  the  managers  propose  drawing 
in  two  weeks  from  the  date  of  this  paper. 


March  11,  1782 
THE  RIDER. 

Being  extempore  lines  on  Doctor  Smith's  reply  to  a  proposition  made 
to  him  in  the  Committee  Room  of  the  General  Assembly,  to  add  a 
rider  to  the  bill  for  restoring  the  charter  and  property  of  the  College 
of  Philadelphia. 

On  mischief  bent,  by  Ew-ng  sent, 

With  Rider  in  his  hands, 
Came  Doctor  Guts,  with  mighty  sruts, 

And  thus  of  Sm-th  demands; 

"This  Rider,  sir,  to  save  all  stir, 

By  master  Ew-ng's  will, 
I  bring  in  haste,  pray  get  some  paste, 
And  tack  it  to  your  bill." 

Sm-th  lifts  his  eyes — Hoot,  Mun,  he  cries, 

Take  back  your  stupid  stuff: 
Our  answer's  brief — the  crafty  thief 

Has  ridden  long  enough. 


A  special  meeting  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society  will  be  held 
at  the  house  of  the  President,  Dr.  Franklin,  this  evening,  at  six  o'clock. 
March  11.  R.  Patterson,  Secretary. 

March  27,  1782 
TO  BE  SOLD. 

A  grist  mill,  with  two  pair  of  stones,  two  boulting  chests  and  hoisting 
geers  complete,  which  go  by  water,  suitable  for  either  merchant  or 
country  work,  situate  on  Wissahickon  creek,  a  never  failing  stream, 
aboue  half  a  mile  above  the  mills  of  the  subscriber  last  named,  and  six 
miles  from  the  city.  About  38  acres  of  land,  four  acres  of  which  is 
watered  meadow,  and  more  may  be  made;  about  25  acres  thereof  is 
woodland  well  timbered.  There  are  on  the  premises,  a  stone  dwelling- 
house,  pleasantly  situated,  a  spring-house  contiguous  thereto,  and  a 
young  thriving  orchard.  Any  person  inclining  to  become  a  purchaser, 
may  know  the  terms  by  applying  to 

Nicholas  Rittenhouse,  or 

4  w.  John  Vanderen. 

N.  B.  If  the  said  mill  and  premises  are  not  sold  before  the  25th  day 
of  March  next,  they  will  then  be  leased. 


January  1 

Yesterday  Henry  Laurens,  Esquire,  who  has  been  for  some  consider- 
able time  imprisoned  in  the  Tower  of  London,  was  by  order  of  gavern- 
ment  carried  before  Lord  Mansfield.  His  Lordship  acquainted  Mr. 
Laurens,  that  if  he  would  enter  security  for  his  appearance  in  six 
months  after  he  should  be  called  for,  he  would  be  set  at  liberty,  and 
might  go  wherever  he  pleased.  Mr.  Oswald,  an  American  merchant, 
offering  to  be  security  accordingly,  the  Chief  Justice  accepted  him  as 
bail,  and  Mr.  Laurens  was  discharged.  It  is  said  that  Mr.  Laurens  will 


502  Notes  and  Queries. 

set  out  in  a  day  or  two  for  Bath  by  advice  of  his  physicians,  who  rec- 
ommend the  waters  of  that  place  for  the  recovery  of  his  health. 


Philadelphia,  March  27 

Last  Friday  morning  His  Excellency  General  Washington  left  this 
city.  His  Excellency  was  escorted  by  Captain  Morris's  troop  of  city 
horse;  and  we  are  told  that  headquarters  will  be  at  New  Windsor,  in  the 
State  of  New  York. 

The  Indiana  Company,  in  consideration  of  the  many  services  rendered 
to  the  United  States  by  the  author  of  Common  Sense,  as  well  as  in  re- 
quital for  his  investigation  of  the  claims  of  Virginia,  in  the  piece  en- 
titled Public  Good,  have  ordered  a  deed  to  be  executed  in  favor  of  that 
gentleman,  for  a  grant  to  him  of  twelve  thousand  acres  in  Indiana.  The 
gentlemen  of  South  Carolina  have  likewise  made  him  very  generous 
offers  of  friendship  for  his  public  services. 

PROCLAMATION. 

The  goodness  of  the  Supreme  Being  to  all  his  rational  creatures  de- 
mands their  acknowledgments  of  gratitude  and  love;  his  absolute  gov- 
ernment of  this  world  dictates,  that  it  is  the  interest  of  every  nation 
and  people  ardently  to  supplicate  his  favor  and  implore  his  protection. 

When  the  lust  of  dominion  or  lawless  ambition  excites  arbitrary 
power  to  invade  their  rights,  or  endeavor  to  wrest  from  a  people  their 
sacred  and  invaluable  privileges,  and  compels  them,  in  defence  of  the 
same,  to  encounter  all  the  horrors  and  calamities  of  a  bloody  and  vin- 
dictive war;  then  is  that  people  loudly  called  upon  to  fly  unto  that  God 
for  protection,  who  hears  the  cries  of  the  distressed,  and  will  not  turn 
a  deaf  ear  to  the  supplication  of  the  oppressed. 

Great  Britain,  hitherto  left  to  infatuated  councils,  and  to  pursue 
measures  repugnant  to  her  own  interest  and  distressing  to  this  country, 
still  persists  in  the  design  of  subjugating  these  United  States,  which 
will  compel  us  into  another  active  and  perhaps  bloody  campaign. 

The  United  States  in  Congress  assembled,  therefore,  taking  into  con- 
sideration our  present  situation,  our  multiplied  transgressions  of  the 
holy  laws  of  our  God,  and  his  past  acts  of  kindness  and  goodness  towards 
us,  which  we  ought  to  record  with  the  liveliest  gratitude,  think  it  their 
indispensible  duty  to  call  upon  the  several  States  to  set  apart  the  last 
Thursday  in  April  next,  as  a  day  of  fasting,  humiliation  and  prayer, 
that  our  joint  supplications  may  then  ascend  to  the  throne  of  the  Ruler 
of  the  universe,  beseeching  him  to  diffuse  a  spirit  of  universal  reforma- 
tion among  all  ranks  and  degrees  of  our  citizens,  and  make  us  an  holy, 
that  so  we  may  be  an  happy  people;  that  it  would  please  him  to  impart 
wisdom,  integrity  and  unanimity  to  our  councillors ;  to  bless  and  prosper 
the  reign  of  our  illustrious  Ally,  and  give  success  to  his  arms  employed 
in  the  defence  of  the  rights  of  human  nature;  that  he  would  smile  upon 
our  military  arrangements  by  land  and  sea;  administer  comfort  and 
consolation  to  our  prisoners  in  a  cruel  captivity;  protect  the  health  and 
life  of  our  Commander  in  Chief;  grant  us  victory  over  our  enemies; 
establish  peace  in  all  our  borders,  and  give  happiness  to  all  our  inhabi- 
tants; that  he  would  prosper  the  labor  of  the  husbandman,  making  the 
earth  yield  her  increase  in  abundance,  and  give  a  proper  season  for  the 
ingathering  of  the  fruits  thereof;  that  he  would  grant  success  to  all 
engaged  in  lawful  trade  and  commerce,  and  take  under  his  guardianship 
all  schools  and  seminaries  of  learning,  and  make  them  nurseries  of  virtue 
and  piety;  that  he  would  incline  the  hearts  of  all  men  to  peace  and  fill 
them  with  universal  charity  and  benevolence,  and  that  the  religion  of 
our  Divine  Redeemer,  with  all  its  benign  influences,  may  cover  the  earth 
as  the  waters  cover  the  sea. 


Notes  and  Queries.  503 

Done  by  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled,  this  nineteenth  day 
of  March,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
eighty-two,  and  in  the  sixth  year  of  our  Independence. 

John  Hanson,  President. 

Attest.    Charles  Thomson,  Secretary. 


NEW  THEATRE. 

Miss  L'Estrange  and  Mr.  L'Estrange's 
(Prompter's)  Benefit. 

This  Evening,  April  27 

will  be  presented 
(For  the  third  time  here)   a  celebrated  Play,  called 

THE  STRANGER. 
[Translated  from  the  German  of  Kotzebue] 

The  Stranger,  Mr.  Wignell 

Count  Wintersen,  Mr.  Downie 

Baron  Steinfort,  Mr.  Marshall 

Solomon,  Mr.  Francis 

Peter,  Mr.  Blissett 

Francis,  Mr.  Fox 

Old  Man,  Mr.  Morris 

William,  Master  Harris 

Children,  Master  Warrell,  Miss  Hardings 
Mrs.  Haller   (with  a  song)  Mrs.  Merry 

Countess  Wintersen,  Miss  L'Estrange 

Ann,  Mrs.  Francis 

To  which  will  be  added,  a  FARCE,  in  two  acts,  called 

ALL  THE  WORLD'S  A  STAGE. 
Sir  Gilbert  Pumpkin,  Mr.  Francis 

Charles  Stanley,  Mr.  Downie 

Harry  Stukely,  Mr.  Fox 

William,  Master  L'Estrange 

Waiter,  Mr.  Warrell,  Jr. 

Diggory,  Mr.  Blissett 

Cymon,  Mr.  Warrell 

Miss  Bridget  Pumkin,  Mrs.  Doctor 

Miss  Kitty  Sprightly,  Miss  L'Estrange 

Jane,  Mrs.  Francis 

Tickets  to  be  had  of  Mr.  L'Estrange,  No.  22  North  Ninth  street;  at 
H.  &  P.  Rice's  bookstore,  No.  86  South  Second  street;  at  Carr's  Music 
Repository,  No.  36  South  Second  street,  and  at  the  office  adjoining  the 
Theatre. 


Poulson's  Advertiser,  May  17,  1814 
MARSHALL'S  OFFICE. 

Philadelphia,  April  26th,  1814 

In  order  to  meet  in  the  fullest  degree,  a  late  relaxation  on  the  part 
of  the  British  Authorities,  towards  some  of  our  prisoner  officers  held  as 


504  Notes  and  Queries. 

hostages  —  The  President  of  the  United  States  has  ordered  that  all  the 
British  Officers,  now  held  as  hostages,  within  this  state,  be  admitted  to 
specific  parole,  with  permission,  to  such  as  may  choose  to  do  so,  to  go 
to  Canada  for  a  limited  time. 

The  prisoners  of  war  who  were  held  as  hostages  and  made  their  escape 
from  prison,  on  their  surrendering  themselves  will  be  as  heretofore 
treated  with  humanity  and  entitled  to  consideration  for  favor  from  the 
Government  of  the  United  States. 

The  Marshal  improves  this  opportunity  of  returning  his  warm  and 
sincere  thanks  to  those  Volunteers  and  other  citizens,  who  displayed  so 
much  vigilance  and  patriotism  in  pursuing  and  apprehending  the  prison- 
ers who  had  broken  gaol  on  the  night  of  the  20th  inst.  The  success  at- 
tendant on  their  exertions  has  been  the  source  of  much  consolation,  and 
allayed  the  keen  sensibility  he  felt  on  this  unfortunate  occasion. 

John  Smith,  Marshal 

THE  GRANVILLE  PENN  COLLECTION  recently  secured  by  The  Historical 
Society  of  Pennsylvania,  is  the  most  important  addition  that  has  been 
made  to  the  "Penn  Manuscripts"  purchased  over  sixty  years  ago  by 
members  of  the  society.  The  following  list  will  afford  some  appreci- 
ation of  its  great  value: 

Miniature  of  Admiral  Sir  William  Penn. 
Miniature  of  Lady  Penn,  wife  of  Sir  William  Penn. 
A.L.S.     Sir  William  Penn  to  William  Penn,  Oct.  12,  '67. 
A.L.S.     Sir  William  Penn  to  William  Penn,  Oct.  22,  '67. 
An  Account  of  my  Journey  into  Holland  and  Germany,  1677 
My  Irish  Journall,  1669. 

A.L.S.    William  Penn  to  -  Hodsdon,  27  12/mo.  '93. 
A.L.S.     Hannah  Penn  to  James  Logan,  Rusombe,  10th  of  7br  1715. 
A.L.S.     William  Penn  to  Samuel  Carpenter  et  al,  London,  18.  9br  1705. 
A.L.S.     Hannah    Penn    to    Thomas    Penn,    London,    25th    of    12/mo 
1715/16. 

Deed  of  William  Penn  to  Josiah  Ellis,  Aug.  15,  1701. 
Deed  of  William  Penn  to  William  Penn,  Jr.,  Oct.  21,  1681. 
^Copy  of  a  Warrant  for  Survey,  William  Penn  to  Edward  Penington, 

Last  Will  and  Testament  of  William  Penn,  Aug.  6,  1707. 

Original  Draft  of  Grant  of  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania,  with  Penn's 
corrections. 

A.L.S.  William  Penn  to  Archbishop  Tillotson,  First  Draft.  30,  8bp 
1691. 

Minutes  of  Council  at  the  Committee  of  Trade  and  Plantations, 
Aug  3,  1694.  Endorsed  by  William  Penn,  "Minutes  of  Council  in  Eng 
ab*  Laws  confirmed,  1694." 

Certificate  of  birth  of  John  Penn,  son  of  William  and  Hannah  Penn, 
Jan.  28,  1699* 

A.L.    William  Penn  to  (Lord  Romney),  Penn.,  6th  7bp  1701 
«7D,'?'     ^ructions  to  John  Evans,  Aug.  9,  1703.      (Last  7*  lines  by 
William  Penn.) 


to  William  Penn»  (J^)  Ruscombe,  13th 
A.L.S.    William  Penn  to  Samuel  Pepys,  Ld.  4th  &>*  70 


A.L.S.  Lord  Broghill  to  William  Penn,  Charlevill,  18  of  May,  1670. 

A.L.S.  Lord  Poulett  to  William  Penn,  Fenton,  Aug.  28th. 

A.L.S.  Lord  Mazareene  to  William  Penn,  Antrim,  Nov.  9,  1670. 

A.L.S.  Lord  Brandon  to  William  Penn,  Sep   the  14 

A.L.S.  Anth.  Lowther  to  William  Penn,  nfd. 


Notes  and  Queries.  505 

A.L.S.     Lord  Romney  to  William  Penn,  Friday  morning. 

A.L.        Lord  Rommey  to  William  Penn,  No  vein,  ye  7th  (not  signed) . 

A.L.S.     Duke  of  Buckingham  to  the  Lord  Treasurer,  June  16,   1678. 

A.L.S.  Elizabeth,  Princess  of  the  Rhine,  to  William  Penn,  Herfort, 
29  of  Oct.  1677. 

A.L.S.  Elizabeth,  Princess  of  the  Rhine,  to  William  Penn,  4/14  of 
Sept.  77. 

D.S.  William  Keith.  Proclamation  on  the  Death  of  William  Penn, 
Nov.  6,  1718. 

Case  of  William  Penn  relating  to  giving  Pennsylvania  to  the  English 
Government,  n.s.  n.d. 

Document  relating  to  the  Will  of  William  Penn,  1721. 

Act  of  State  of  Pennsylvania,  vesting  estates  of  Late  Proprietors  in 
the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  Nov.  27,  1779. 

NEW  YORK  GENEALOGICAL  NOTES. — 

Cortelljau,  Jacomynte  (m.n.  Pett),  widow  of  Jacques  Cortelljau,  born 
on  Staten  Island,  June,  1689;  died  September,  1769. 

Hume,  Elizabeth,  widow,  b.  Berwick-on-Tweed,  1690;  d.  December, 
1775. 

Cornwall,  William,  b.  1704,  in  Hempstead,  Long  Island;  d.  1780. 

Cornwall,  Charity,  his  wife,  m.n.  Doughty,  d.  1756.  She  was  the  great- 
great-granddaughter  of  Rev.  Francis  Doughty  who,  in  1632,  preached 
the  frst  Presbyterian  sermon  on  Manhattan  Island. 

Boelen,  Hendrick  (silversmith),  b.  1697;  d.  1755. 

Doeling,  John,  b.  1715,  on  Island  of  Ruegen;  attended  the  University 
at  Jena,  April,  1746;  md.  Mary  Van  Dusen,  at  Amwel,  N.  J.;  b.  near 
Albany,  1729;  d.  1778. 

Vanderventer,  John,  b.  1697;  d.  October  16,  1758. 

Vanderlilt,  Jacob,  b.  1690;  d.  December  14,  1758. 

Burger,  8u-san,  m.n.  Whitman,  b.  1696,  on  Saten  Island;  d.  Peekskill, 
November,  1772.  Relict  of  Elias  Burger. 

Van  Dyck,  Matje,  m.n.  Hollaard,  b.  1688;  d.  1775. 

Wyton,  Alice  (m.n.  Van  Oort),  md.  Richmond  Wyton;  b.  Schenectady, 
1683;  d.  1767. 

CAFFTON. 

STATE  HOUSE  YARD. — The  following  letter  of  Hon.  Norris  S.  Barratt, 
Chairman  of  Board  of  Managers,  Pennsylvania  Society  Sons  of  the  Revo- 
lution, to  Patterson  DuBois,  Esq.,  was  requested  for  publication  because 
of  the  historical  data  it  contains  relating  to  the  State  House  Yard. 

Philadelphia,  November  10th,  1915. 
Patterson  DuBois,  Esq., 

Philadelphia. 
My  dear  Mr.  DuBois : 

Mr.  Gillespie,  Secretary  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society  Sons  of  the 
Revolution,  has  handed  to  me  your  note  of  the  22nd  instant,  in  which 
you  state: 

"In  the  proceedings  of  1914-15,  lately  received,  I  note  that 
'Judge  Barratt  (p.  56)  says  that  'Independence  Square  is 
'merely  a  newspaper  term,  and  that  nobody  thought  of  calling 
'it  anything  else  but  State  House  Yard  until  the  Centennial/ 
'The  learned  Judge  is  certainly  in  error.  My  memory  is  not 
'only  against  him,  but  I  have  a  little  pocket  map  of  the  city 
'I  used  in  my  boyhood  sixty  years  (more  or  less)  ago  contain- 
'ing  the  designation  'Independence  Square.'  Moreover,  this  map 
'was  published  in  1836.  This  information  will  doubtless  in- 
'terest  Judge  Barratt." 


506  Notes  and  Queries. 

Mr.  Gillespie  has  asked  me  to  reply  to  it,  which  I  take  pleasure  in 
doing.  I  have  considered  your  statement,  but  I  do  not  think  that  what 

1  have  said  is  error;  it  is  and  ought  to  be  called  the  State  House  Yard. 
The  original  square,  bounded  by  5th,  6th,  Chestnut  and  Walnut  streets, 

was  vested  in  individual  owners.  It  was  not  laid  down  in  Holmes'  Por- 
traiture, but  was  there  marked  as  "Appropriated  to  first  purchasers." 

In  May  1729  the  Assembly  of  the  Province  first  considered  the  ad- 
visability of  erecting  a  state  house  in  which  to  hold  their  meetings  and 
made  an  appropriation  of  Two  Thousand  Pounds  for  the  building. 

William  Allen  and  Andrew  Hamilton,  in  1730,  commenced  to  pur- 
chase the  ground.  (See  Etting's  History  of  Independence  Hall,  pages 
13-14,  Deed  Book  H,  No.  15,  page  112;  Miller's  Law,  1762,  page  145; 

2  Hazzard's  Historical   Record   of   Pennsylvania,   229,   Deed   Book   H, 
No.   10,  page  635;    1st  Smith's  Laws,  242;    Act  May   14th,    1762;    1st 
Smith's  Laws,  254,  Deed  Book  H,  No.  16,  page  111;   1st  Smith's  Laws, 
485.)     These  deeds  and  statutes  of  the  State  speak  of  the  building  of 
the  State  House  and  of  the  Square  as  the  State  House  Yard.     In  point 
of  fact,  the  Act  of  March  10th,  1812,  authorized  the  Councils  of  Phila- 
delphia "to  take  care  of  the  state  house  yard  and  to  pass  ordinances 
for  the  preservation  of  order  and  decorum  therein."     (2  Smith's  Laws, 
372.) 

The  Act  passed  March  11,  1816  (6  Smith's  Laws,  340),  by  virtue  of 
which  the  whole  square,  for  the  payment  of  $70,000,  was  vested  in  the 
City  of  Philadelphia  by  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  provided: 
"no  part  of  the  ground  lying  south  of  the  state  house  within  the  walls 
then  built  should  be  used  for  erecting  any  sort  of  buildings  thereon,  but 
the  same  should  remain  a  public  and  green  walk  forever."  (See  Deed 
Book,  M.  R.,  No.  20,  page  240,  etc.) 

The  Act  of  7th  of  March,  1871  (7  Smith's  Laws,  385),  prohibited  the 
Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  from  opening  a  street,  lane  or  alley  over  the 
State  House  Yard. 

The  Act  of  March  llth,  1847,  P.  L.  471,  speaks  of  the  State  House 
Square,  as  does  the  Act  of  27th  of  March,  1817, — State  House  and  State 
House  Yard. 

In  the  deeds  and  statutes  of  Pennsylvania,  as  well  as  the  ordinances, 
I  fail  to  find  it  was  called  anything  else  except  the  State  House  and 
the  State  House  Yard  until  Councils  passed  an  ordinance  on  the  19th 
of  May,  1825,  in  which  it  provides:  "the  square  bounded  by  Chestnut, 
Walnut,  Delaware,  5th  and  6th  streets,  shall  be  called  'Independence 
Square,' "  and  that  is  the  only  authority  for  its  being  so  called. 

Penn  Square,  Logan  Square,  Rittenhouse  Square,  Washington  Square 
and  Franklin  Square  were  given  their  names  by  this  ordinance. 

When  I  was  a  boy  I  never  heard  it  called  anything  else  than  the  State 
House  and  the  State  House  Yard.  With  all  due  deference  I  do  not  think 
I  was  in  error  in  stating  that  it  was  called  the  State  House  Yard. 

The  map  you  have  designating  it  as  Independence  Square  was  pub- 
lished over  ten  years  after  the  ordinance  which  gave  it  the  name.  But 
the  term,  "Independence  Square  and  Independence  Hall,"  would  have 


It  may  be  interesting  to  tell  you  that  at  least  ten  of  the  members  of 
The  Pennsylvania  Society  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  John  Cadwalader, 
Esq.,  Doctor  John  W.  Jordan,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Historical  Society; 
Colonel  J.  Granville  Leach,  and  others,  told  me  the  evening  of  the  meet- 
ing that  they  were  glad  that  I  emphasized  the  fact  about  the  State 
House  Yard. 

I  am  very  glad,  indeed,  that  you  took  enough  interest  to  write  about  it. 

Sincerely  yours, 

Norris  S'.  Barratt. 


Notes  and  Queries. 


507 


Queries. 

BucK-WicKERSHAM-PETTiT. — Wanted:  biographical  facts  or  reference 
to  any  person  or  to  any  printed  matter  that  can  give  data  of  the  follow- 
ing physicians  who  were  graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
in  the  year  preceding  their  names:  1821,  John  Buck  from  south  New 
Jersey;  1835,  Morris  S.  Wickersham  from  Pennsylvania;  1836,  John 
Pettit  from  Pennsylvania;  and  1851,  William  Pettit  from  Pennsylvania. 

P. 

MEDICAL  GRADUATES  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA: — Bio- 
graphical information  is  asked,  or  the  source  whence  it  can  be  had,  of 
the  following  medical  graduates  of  the  Unversity  of  Pennsylvania,  for 
the  Alumni  Catalogue  now  preparing.  Information  may  be  sent  to 
Ewing  Jordan,  M.D.,  1510  Walnut  St.,  Philadelphia,  Penna. 


1841 

Anderson,  Daniel  B.  Tenn. 

Anderson,  Matthew  P.  Va. 

Anderson,  Thomas  Md. 

Barrow,  William  L.  N.  C. 

Barstow,  Jervis  Green  Del. 

Beach,  William  N.Y. 

Beck,  John  E.  Ala. 

Berkey,  Michael  Ind. 

Bliss,  Chester  T.  Pa. 

Blount,  Elias  Joyner  N.  C. 

Bobo,  Charles  Duncan  S.  C. 

Boyd,  Andrew  T.  Tenn. 

Boyd,  James  J.  S.  C. 

Briscoe,  John  Va. 
Brooke,  Alexander 

Tunstall  Va. 

Brown,  Benjamin  L.  111. 

Brown,  Patrick  Wilkie  Va. 

Surge,  Lorenzo  N.  Ga. 

Burruss,  John  L.  Va. 

Carter,  William,  Jr.  Va. 

Cass,  Abner  S.  Ohio 

Clarke,  John  T.  Pa. 

Clay,  Eleazer  G.  Va. 

Coke,  John  Archer  Va. 

Collins,  Allen  T.  N.  C. 

Copeland,  John  Benson  Tenn. 
Craddock,   Chas.   James 

Fox  Va. 

Curran,  John  P.  Pa. 
Dickenshied,  Chas.  Henry      Pa. 

Drinker,  Francis  Pa. 

Easoni,  And.  Jackson  Ga. 

Effinger,  Michael  Ohio 

Evans,  Moses  F.  T.  B.C. 

Graff,  George  B.  111. 

Gray,  John  B.  Mo. 

Haberacker,  Henry  J.  Pa. 
Hamilton,  Patrick  Henry      Md. 

Harris,  Christopher  H.  Va. 

Harrison,  Matthew  M.  Va. 


Hendon,  Benj.  Franklin         Ala. 

Hobson,  Thomas,  Jr.  Pa. 

Holt,  Harrison  Mass. 

House,   Samuel   S.  Tenn. 

Howell,  William   F.  Ala. 

Hundley,  Thomas  J.  Va. 

Hunter,  Charles  H.  Pa. 

Hunting,  Isaac  M.  N.Y. 

Hurt,  Jethro  M.  Va. 

Jennings,  Win.  Brand  Va. 

Johnson,  George,  Jr.  Mo. 

Keim,  Henry  Pa. 

Kello,  Samuel  B.  Va. 

Lamar,  Thomas  C.  Ga. 

Lancaster,  Joseph  B.  Md. 

Lewis,  Willis  N.  C. 

Linton,  Maurice  P.  Pa. 

Logan,  Joseph  Payne  Va. 

Low,  James  H.  Ga. 

McCargo,  William  B.  Ala. 
McClelland,  Hugh  Kennedy  Pa. 

McKnight,  Lewis  N.J. 

Malone,  Charles  W.  Miss. 

Mann,  Hugh  C.  Va. 

Masters,  Joseph  N.  C. 

Mayfield,  Geo.  A.  J.  Tenn. 

Mercer,  Thomas  N.  N.  C. 

Miller,  John  Pa. 

Mitchell,  James,  Jr.  Pa. 

Mullen,  Francis  N.  N.  C. 

Mumford,  Edward  J.  Va. 
Nicholson,  Guilford  J.  L.     N.  C. 

Parrish,  John  H.  Va. 

Patillo,  James  A.  Va. 

Perkins,  Alexander  H.  Va. 

Perkins,  Peter  A.  Tenn. 

Peticrew,  David.  Mo. 

Price,  James  A.  N.  C. 

Reedy,  John  A.  S.  C. 

Richey,  Robt.  Theodore  N.J. 

Ritchie,  James  Miss. 

Rosa.,  William  V.  V.  N.Y. 

Ross,  Fras.  Armstrong  Ala. 


508 


Notes  and  Queries. 


Rush,  Lorenzo  D.  Ohio 

Russell,  Henry  Mass. 
Schoolfield,  Jos.  Nathaniel     Va. 
Scott,  Lawrence  Williams     N.  C. 

Shore,  John  Va. 

Smith,  John  N.  S.  C. 

Smith,  Samuel  S.  Miss. 

Smyth,  James  Pa. 

Snyder,   Robert  Pa. 

Sorsby,  Nicholas  T.  Ala. 

Spratley,  Benjamin  C.  Va. 

Stewart,  James  R.  Md. 

Stokes,  Thos.  J.  P.  Pa. 

Stringfellow,  Wm.  H.  S.  C. 

Summerell,  Wm.  H.  Va. 

Sutton,  Wm.  J.  N.  C. 


Taylor,  John  N.  Va. 

Thompson,   Wm.   M.  Va. 

Tutt,  Samuel  J.  Mo. 

Walker,  Isaac  R.  Pa. 

Walker,  James  C.  N.  C. 

Walker,  Nelson  Sebastian  Va. 

Washington,  James  R.  N.  C. 

Watson,  Arthur  Va. 

Weatherby,  Joseph  Md. 

White,  Edward  Hiram  Md. 

Williams,  Lewis  Jeffery  Md. 

Wood,  James  H.  N.  C. 

Wood,  William  Ala. 

Wright,  Welden  E.  N.  C. 

Yancey,  Albert  Gallatin  N.  C. 

Young,  Walter  B.  Miss. 


JGooh  Ulotlcea. 

THE  SWEDISH  COLONIAL  SOCIETY,  founded  in  Philadelphia  in  the 
year  1909,  and  largely  composed  of  the  descendants  of  the  colonists  who 
'figure  in  the  history  of  New  Sweden,  on  the  Delaware,  between  1638- 
1664,  has  already  published  four  volumes:  The  Swedish  Settlements  on 
the  Delaware,  by  Prof.  Amandus  Johnson,  2  vols.,  pp.  879;  The  De- 
scendants of  Joran  Kyn  of  New  Sweden,  by  Dr.  Gregory  B.  Keen,  pp. 
318;  The  Swedes  on  the  Delaware,  1638-1664;  by  Prof.  Amandus  John- 
son, pp.  391. 

This  last  volume  just  issued  was  prepared  to  meet  the  demands  for 
a  popular  edition  of  the  larger  work,  "The  Swedish  Settlements  on  the 
Delaware,"  and  is  essentially  an  abridgment  of  it.  Copies  may  be 
obtained  from  the  author  at  University  of  Pennsylvania.  Price,  $2.00. 

ULYSSES  S.  GRANT.  By  Franklin  Spencer  Edmonds.  Philadelphia, 
1915.  George  W.  Jacobs  &  Co.  12mo,  pp.  376.  Portrait.  Price,  $1.25. 

Many  biographies  of  General  Grant  have  been  written  by  those  who 
knew  him  in  military  and  civil  life,  but  Mr.  Edmonds  cannot  lay  claim 
to  either;  he  has,  however,  had  the  advantage  of  drawing  from  the 
available  wealth  of  material  which  has  accumulated  in  the  last  thirty 
years,  and  has  compiled  a  faithful  and  valuable  biography  of  a  national 
hero.  What  he  has  written  of  Grant,  the  General,  and  the  campaigns 
of  the  self-confident  yet  modest  and  generous  man  of  Fort  Donelson  and 
Appomattox:  Grant,"  the  President,  and  the  time  of  bitter  partisanship, 
and  Grant,  the  man,  are  treated  with  candor  and  generosity.  The  fit- 
ness of  the  biographer  for  his  task  will  be  commended  by  his  readers. 

A  HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND  AND  THE  BRITISH  EMPIRE.  By  Arthur  D. 
Innes.  Volume  IV,  1802-1914.  New  York,  The  Macmillan  Company, 
1915.  8vo,  pp.  604.  Maps.  Price,  $1.60. 

This  new  and  concluding  volume  of  A  History  of  England  and  the 
British  Empire  will  be  read  by  all  who  read  its  predecessors  and  with 
the  same  satisfaction.  The  publishers  deserve  thanks  for  the  admirable 
form  in  which  they  have  presented  the  work. 

THE  NEW  AMERICAN  GOVERNMENT  AND  ITS  WORK.  The  Macmillan 
Company,  New  York,  1915.  8vo,  pp.  663.  Price,  $2.25. 

There  is  a  large  and  growing  circle  of  students  and  readers  who  want 
to  know  not  only  what  the  government  is,  but  what  it  is  doing,  its 
plans  and  results.  To  meet  this  demand  Prof.  Young,  of  the  Wharton 
School  of  Finance  and  Commerce  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 


Notes  and  Queries.  509 

has  compiled  his  book  and  presents  certain  distinctive  features  in  the 
treatment  of  his  subject,  and  he  has  persistently  kept  before  him,  to 
picture  the  new  government  as  it  serves  and  helps  the  people,  copes 
with  their  problems,  and  aids  in  their  struggle  for  a  more  abounding 
commonweal. 

THE  CRITICAL  PERIOD  1763-1765.  By  Clarence  W.  Alvord  and  Clarence 
E.  Carter.  Illinois  State  Historical  Library,  Springfield,  1915.  8vo, 
pp.  597.  Illustrated. 

Little  has  been  known  until  recent  years  of  the  events  which  took 
place  in  the  territory  of  the  present  state  of  Illinois  during  the  period 
when  the  British  flag  waved  upon  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi  river. 
In  the  histories  of  the  state  the  period  is  usually  dismissed  with  a 
paragraph  or  two,  and  even  these  are  incorrect.  The  present  "British 
Series"  of  five  or  six  volumes  (of  which  this  is  the  first)  will  include 
most  of  the  known  sources  of  the  British  occupation,  will  shed  light 
on  this  obscure  period  and  will  make  possible  the  correct  interpretation 
of  events.  The  documents,  although  covering  only  a  few  years,  will  be 
found  of  great  significance  for  the  history  of  the  state  and  the  country. 
Trade  and  land  speculation  have  been  the  twin  motives  that  have  led  to 
the  settlement  of  the  West  and  the  Illinois  country  was  one  of  the  centers 
of  activity;  and  it  is  of  interest  to  note  that  the  first  important  business 
firm  to  send  a  representative  to  that  country  was  Baynton,  Wharton  & 
Morgan  of  Philadelphia,  who  planned  to  conduct  on  a  large  scale  the  fur 
trade  and  other  business  activities.  This  firm,  however,  was  not  long 
left  to  monopolize  this  trade,  for  another  Philadelphia  firm,  Franks  & 
Co.,  sent  their  representative  into  the  field.  It  is  probable,  that  the 
first  concrete  plan  for  the  erection  of  a  colony  in  the  Illinois  country 
which  came  near  to  its  fulfilment  was  also  formed  in  Philadelphia.  We 
cordially  commend  this  valuable  series  to  the  general  reader. 

WILLIAM  PENN.  By  Rupert  S.  Holland.  The  Macmillan  Co.,  New 
York,  1915.  12mo,  pp.  166.  Illustrated. 

BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN.  By  E.  Lawrence  Dudley.  The  Macmillan  Co., 
New  York,  1915.  12mo,  pp.  232.  Illustrated. 

DAVY  CROCKETT.  By  William  C.  Sprague.  The  Macmillan  Co.,  New 
York,  1915.  12mo,  pp.  189.  Illustrated. 

CHRISTOPHER  COLUMBUS.  By  Mildred  Stapley.  The  Macmillan  Co., 
New  York,  1915.  12mo,  pp.  240.  Illustrated. 

These  four  volumes  are  the  latest  additions  to  the  Macmillan's  series 
of  "True  Stories  of  Great  Americans,"  which  is  to  supply  to  the  juvenile 
reader  in  compact  form,  the  biographies  of  a  considerable  number  of 
the  most  prominent  Americans.  Their  inspirational  value,  also  gives 
them  an  important  place  in  education.  The  volumes  on  Penn  and 
Franklin,  whose  life  stories  are  so  eminently  connected  with  the  history 
of  Pennsylvania  and  our  country,  have  been  entertainingly  written.  The 
authors  are  specialists  in  the  study  of  juvenile  literature  and  their 
work  can  be  heartily  commended.  The  illustrations  are  numerous  and 
well  chosen.  Price,  fifty  cents  per  volume. 

THE  ATTACK  AND  DEFENCE  OF  LITTLE  ROUND  TOP,  GETTYSBURG,  JULY 
2,  1863.  By  Oliver  Willcox  Norton.  New  York,  1914.  8vo,  pp.  350. 
Illustrated. 

This  is  not  a  history  of  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  but  a  detailed  ac- 
count of  that  part  of  the  battle  fought  around  Little  Round  Top,  which 
probably  more  than  any  other  point  was  the  key  to  the  battlefield,  an 
opinion  now  conceded  by  military  authorities.  So  many  contradictory 
accounts  have  been  written  with  regard  to  the  struggle  for  and  occu- 
pation of  Little  Round  Top,  that  the  author,  who  was  an  eye  witness 


510  Notes  and  Queries. 

of  the  attack  and  took  part  in  the  defence,  being  attached  to  head- 
quarters of  Vincent's  brigade,  that  he  determined  to  collect  the  official 
reports  of  the  Union  and  Confederate  officers,  personal  recollections 
and  unpublished  material  and  thoroughly  analyse  them.  The  results 
of  Lieutenant  Norton's  researches  are  fully  set  forth  in  the  volume 
under  notice,  particularly  the  part  taken  by  Vincent's  brigade  and 
O'Rorke's  One  hundred  and  fortieth  New  York  Infantry,  and  his 
conclusions  are  clear  and  convincing.  The  work  is  an  important  addition 
to  our  Civil  War  literature  and  will  be  helpful  to  future  historians. 

A  GENEALOGY  OF  THE  LAKE  FAMILY  of  Great  Egg  Harbor,  in  old 
Gloucester  county,  in  New  Jersey,  descended  from  John  Lake  of 
Gravesend,  Long  Island,  with  notes  of  the  Gravesend  and  Staten  Island 
branches  of  the  family.  By  Arthur  Adams  and  Sarah  A.  Risley.  1915. 
Royal  8vo,  pp.  376.  Illustrated.  Price,  $3.00.  On  sale  of  Sarah  A. 
Risley,  Box  514,  Pleasantville,  N.  J. 

This  genealogy  of  a  prominent  family  of  Great  Egg  Harbor  and  old 
Gloucester  county,  New  Jersey,  descended  from  John  Lake  of  Gravesend, 
Long  Island,  will  have  more  than  a  local  appreciation.  It  contains 
chapters  on  early  Lakes  in  England,  the  Gravesend  and  Staten  Island 
families,  the  Loyalist  Lake  family  of  Canada,  and  an  almost  complete 
genealogy  of  the  descendants  of  Daniel  Lake  and  Sarah  Lucas.  Among 
some  of  the  families  traced  who  descend  from  the  emigrant  ancestor 
are  the  Adams,  Collins,  Corson,  English,  Leeds,  Risley,  Steelman,  and 
Bryant;  indeed,  this  genealogy  is  the  most  important  publication  deal- 
ing with  old  Atlantic  county  families.  The  family  coat-of-arms  in 
colors,  charts,  numerous  illustrations,  and  copies  of  early  Lake  wills, 
are  valuable  additions.  The  work  has  been  compiled  with  great  care 
by  experienced  and  competent  genealogists  and  the  form  of  presentation 
of  the  results  of  their  researches  is  altogether  admirable,  a  model  for 
such  a  work.  It  is  handsomely  bound  in  cloth. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  NORWEGIAN  PEOPLE.  By  Knut  Gjerset,  Ph.D.  New 
York,  the  Macmillan  Co.,  1915.  Vol.  I,  pp.  507;  vol.  II,  pp.  626.  Maps 
and  illustrations.  Price,  $8.00. 

The  growing  interest  in  Norwegian  language,  literature  and  culture 
in  this  country  has  created  a  special  need  for  a  history  of  that  people 
in  the  English  language,  devoting  sufficient  attention  to  the  more  im- 
portant phases  of  the  people's  life  to  show  the  development  of  their 
institutions  and  culture,  their  life  at  home,  and  their  activity  and  in- 
fluence abroad.  It  has  been  the  aim  of  Prof.  Gjerset  in  this  work  to 
meet  this  demand.  In  the  Middle  Ages  the  Scandinavian  peoples  were 
potent  factors  in  developing  navigation,  commerce,  municipal  life  and 
government,  literature  and  culture  in  Northern  Europe.  The  period 
of  the  union  with  Denmark  has  been  treated  with  some  fullness  of 
detail,  and  regarding  Norway's  long  struggle  for  complete  independence 
after  1814,  the  facts  are  stated  impartially.  Nothing  has  been  taken 
for  granted,  nor  has  any  theory  been  advanced  beyond  what  is  clearly 
established  by  the  investigations  of  the  best  scholars,  and  original 
sources  are  used  in  a  conservative  spirit.  This  is  a  valuable  work,  and 
the  general  reader  and  student  will  find  it  a  storehouse  of  information. 

IN  THE  FOOTSTEPS  OF  NAPOLEON,  His  LIFE  AND  ITS  FAMOUS  SCENES. 
By  James  Morgan.  New  York,  the  Macmillan  Co.,  1915.  8vo,  pp.  524. 
Illustrated. 

The  centenary  of  Napoleon's  downfall  is  an  appropriate  occasion  for 
telling  the  story  of  his  life,  that  never  grows  old.  Before  preparing  his 
work,  Mr.  Morgan  visited  the  place  of  his  birth,  the  famous  scenes  in 
his  life,  his  battlefields,  and  journeyed  along  the  line  of  his  celebrated 


Notes  and  Queries.  511 

marches  to  his  overthrow  at  Waterloo,  captivity  and  death  on  St. 
Helena.  The  present  great  war  in  Europe  is  the  tragic  sequel  of  the 
Napoleonic  wars.  Some  of  the  contending  parties  have  for  the  time 
changed  sides,  but  in  their  motives  and  their  strategy,  how  strangely 
alike  are  the  two  wars.  The  work  is  well  written  and  enjoyes  the 
interest  and  attention  of  the  reader,  and  the  numerous  illustrations 
appropriate. 

ANNUAL  PROCEEDINGS  PENNSYLVANIA  SOCIETY  OF  SONS  OF  THE  REVO- 
LUTION, 1914-1915.  Philadelphia,  1915.  8vo,  pp.  72. 

The  Year  Book  of  this  Society  which  has  recently  been  published 
contains  a  list  of  the  officers,  managers,  standing  committees  and  the 
color  guard,  and  annual  sermon  preached  in  St.  Peter's  Church,  by 
the  Rev.  Hamilton  Schuyler,  of  Trinity  Church,  Trenton,  N.  J.  The 
necrological  roll  has  been  prepared  with  great  care. 

THE  COUNTY  ARCHIVES  OF  THE  STATE  OF  ILLINOIS.  By  Theodore  Cal- 
vin Pease.  Springfield,  1915.  8vo,  pp.  730. 

This  is  volume  III  of  the  Bibliographical  series  of  the  Illinois  State 
Historical  Society,  and  a  useful  handbook  of  the  valuable  material  in  the 
record  offices  of  every  County  of  the  State,  and  as  such,  will  be  of  benefit 
to  the  searcher.  The  lists  of  the  material  arranged  in  the  various  de- 
partments is  of  a  dependable  character  and  represents  in  a  great  meas- 
ure the  State's  history.  It  is  fully  indexed. 

MARYLAND  RECORDS;  COLONIAL,  REVOLUTIONARY,  COUNTY  AND  CHUBCH 
FROM  ORIGINAL  SOURCES.  By  Gaius  Marcus  Brumbaugh,  M.S.,  M.D. 
Vol.  I.  Waverly  Press,  Baltimore,  1915.  4to,  pp.  513.  Edition  limited 
to  600  copies.  Price,  $6.00. 

We  heartily  welcome  the  appearance  of  this  first  of  a  series  of  volumes 
of  unpublished  Maryland  records,  of  unusual  value  to  individuals,  and 
to  historical,  genealogical  and  patriotic  societies.  Some  idea  of  the 
territory  covered,  and  the  variety  of  the  carefully  copied  records  which 
Dr.  Brumbaugh  presents,  will  be  better  appreciated  by  a  review  of  the 
contents. 

Prince  George's  County:  Provincial  Census  of  August,  1776;  St. 
John's  and  Prince  George's  parishes,  in  89  pages  of  facsimile  repro- 
ductions; Marriage  Licenses  issued  in  Upper  Marlborough,  1777-1800; 
Two  Muster  Rolls  of  the  Militia,  1799,  giving  dates  of  birth  of  soldiers. 

Frederick  County:  Provincial  Census  of  1776,  including  the  Hundreds 
of  Lower  Potomac,  Georgetown,  Sugar  Land,  North  West  and  Elizabeth. 
Twenty-four  pages  of  facsimile  reproductions  of  Elizabeth  Hundred  is 
of  interest  and  importance  to  Pennsylvanians,  as  they  include  the 
twenty-mile  strip  of  Pennsylvania  brought  into  Maryland,  by  the 
location  of  the  Mason  and  Dixon  Line.  Earliest  records  of  marriages  and 
births  of  All  Saints'  parish,  1727-1781,  also  the  tombstone  inscriptions 
in  the  old  cemetery;  Poll  list  (1917  voters),  of  Presidential  election, 
November,  1796. 

Charles  County:  Constable's  Census  of  1775-1778  (1800  persons),  in- 
cluding Durham  parish;  Benedict  Hundred;  Port  Tobacco,  West  Hun- 
dred; Upper  Hundred;  Newport,  East  Hundred;  Port  Tobacco,  Upper 
Hundred;  Port  Tobacco,  Town  Hundred;  Port  Tobacco,  East  Hundred; 
Pomonkey;  Newport,  West  Hundred;  William  and  Mary,  Lower  Hun- 
dred and  Bryantown  Hundred. 

St.  Mary's  County:  Marriage  Licenses,  1794-1864,  7533  persons. 

Anne  Arundel  County:  Provincial  Census  of  1776,  including  AH 
Hallow's  and  St.  James'  parishes,  25  pages  of  facsimile  reproductions. 
Dr.  Brumbaugh  has  been  able  to  give  only  a  part  of  the  Census  of 
Maryland  for  the  year  1776,  and  we  hope  that  the  great  desire  that  has 


512  Notes  and  Queries. 

been  expressed  for  the  balance,  will  be  gratified  in  a  later  volume. 
A  carefully  prepared  index  of  80  pages  of  names,  arranged  in  dictionary 
order,  will  be  found  very  helpful,  and  as  a  specimen  of  the  bookmaker's 
art,  the  volume  is  deserving  of  commendation.  It  is  to  be  hoped,  that 
Dr.  Brumbaugh  will  receive  the  liberal  support  which  his  project  de- 
serves; copies  may  be  obtained  by  addressing  him  at  905  Massachusetts 
Avenue,  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

CHRONICLES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA  FROM  THE  ENGLISH  REVOLUTION  TO 
THE  PEACE  OF  AIX-LA-CHAPELLE  1688-1748.  By  Charles  P.  Keith: — 

Under  the  title  above  Mr.  Keith  has  in  press  a  history  of  the  colony 
of  Pennsylvania  during  a  period  which  has  received  comparatively  little 
attention,  when  the  great  Quaker  immigration  was  over,  and  the  pro- 
ceedings bringing  on  the  French  and  Indian  war  had  not  begun.  There 
will  be  noted  such  anterior  facts — even  the  actual  Great  Treaty  in 
Penn's  first  visit — as  are  necessary  for  understanding  the  questions 
prominent  or  the  routine  of  business  in  that  time,  such  as  the  Maryland 
dispute,  the  land  law,  the  Indian  relations,  the  circumstances  of  Wil- 
liam Penn,  etc.  The  period  is  that  of  a  long  political  struggle,  the  trial 
of  peace  principles,  the  paper  money  system,  the  coming  of  the  Ger- 
mans and  the  Scotch-Irish,  recurring  religious  excitement,  and  the  es- 
tablishment of  various  institutions.  The  biographies  and  other  writings 
which  have  been  concerned  with  any  of  these  years,  not  only  have  been 
less  comprehensive,  but  often  have  made  a  story  which  investigation 
has  required  to  be  corrected  in  this  work.  A  particular  narrative  of 
ecclesiastical  affairs  will  be  given,  whereby  those  interested  in  any  of 
the  religious  denominations  here  at  the  time,  Baptists,  Lutherans,  Men- 
nonites,  Presbyterians,  Reformed,  Schwenkf  elders,  etc.,  as  well  as  the 
Swedish  and  English  Churchmen  and  Quakers,  will  find  information  not 
easily  accessible  elsewhere.  There  will  be  mention  of  some  subsequent 
or  transatlantic  actions  part  of  the  career  of  important  persons — White- 
field  and  Zinzendorf  as  well  as  others — the  first  suggestion  of  Parlia- 
mentary taxation  of  America,  the  final  settlement  of  the  boundary,  the 
Divesting  Act,  etc. 

The  work  will  be  in  two  volumes,  8vo.,  making  about  800  pages, 
bound  in  cloth.  Price  for  a  copy  of  the  work  to  subscribers,  $3.50  (in- 
cluding postage)  :  after  January  1,  1916,  at  the  option  of  the  author. 
Subscribers'  names  and  remittances  are  to  be  sent  to  308  Walnut  Street, 
Philadelphia. 

RICHMOND  COLLEGE  HISTORICAL  PAPERS.  Edited  by  D.  R.  Anderson, 
Ph.D.  Richmond,  Va.,  1915.  Vol.  I.,  No.  1. 

This  is  the  initial  number  of  a  series  of  publications  of  essays,  biog- 
raphies and  original  material  in  the  Virginia  Archives,  undertaken  by 
students  of  Richmond  College,  under  the  editorial  supervision  of  Prof. 
Anderson,  Head  of  the  History  and  Political  Science  Department.  The 
object  in  view,  is  to  stimulate  an  increased  interest  in  historical  re- 
search and  by  that  means  develop  a  liberal  support  towards  the  pub- 
lication of  the  College  Magazine.  The  contents  of  this  number  com- 
prise three  biographies:  John  Minor  Botts,  Anti-Secessionist;  Richard 
Henry  Lee;  William  Cabell  Rives  and  John  Moncure  Daniel,  and  a 
large  collection  of  letters  of  Gen.  Charles  Lee;  Cols.  William  Woodford; 
Robert  Howe  and  Adam  Stephen.  These  letters  are  particularly  valu- 
able as  they  treat  of  early  events,  1775-1776,  in  Revolutionary  history 
of  South-eastern  Virginia.  The  work  is  a  credit  to  the  College  and 
should  be  supported. 


Officers  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.  513 


OFFICERS 

or  THE 

HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


PRESIDENT. 
HON.  SAMUEL  WHITAKEB  PENNYPACKEB. 


VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

HON.  CHARLEMAGNE  TOWER,  GEORGE  HARRISON  FISHER, 

WILLIAM  BROOKE  RAWLE,  HON.  HAMPTON  L.  CARSON, 

JOHN  FREDERICK  LEWIS. 


RECORDING   SECRETARY. 
THOMAS  WILLING  BALCH. 


CORRESPONDING   SECRETARY. 
JOHN  BACH  MCMASTER. 


TREASURER. 
FRANCIS  HOWARD  WILLIAMS. 


AUDITOR. 

RICHARD  MCCALL  CADWALADEB. 
VOL.  XXXIX.— 33 


514  Officers  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

C  U  B  A  T  0  B. 

GREGORY  BERNARD  KEEN. 

LIBRARIAN. 

JOHN  WOOLP  JORDAN. 

ASSISTANT    LIBRARIAN. 

ERNEST  SPOFFOSD. 

ASSISTANT  LIBRARIAN,  IN  CHARGE  OF  MANUSCRIPT  9. 
J.  C.  WTLIE. 

HISTORIOGRAPHER. 

J.  GRANVILLE  LEACH. 


COUNCILLOR  8. 

JOHN  C.  BROWNE,  EDWARD  ROBINS, 

SIMON  GRATZ,  HON.  WILLIAM  P.  POTTER, 

WILLIAM  DRAYTON,  EDWARD  S.  SAYRES, 

HON.  WILLIAM  POTTER,  ISAAC  SHARPLESS, 

SAMUEL  CASTNER,  JR.,  ALEXANDER  VAN  RENSSELAER, 

JOHN  GRIBBEL. 


The  Council  of  the  Society  is  composed  of  the  President,  Vice- 
Presidents,  Recording  Secretary,  Corresponding  Secretary,  Treasurer, 
Auditor,  and  the  twelve  Councillors.  John  C.  Browne  is  President,  and 
Gregory  B.  Keen  is  Secretary  of  the  Council. 


TRUSTEES  OF  THE  PUBLICATION  FUND. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKEH,  SIMON  GRATZ. 

(JOHN  W.  JORDAN,  Editor  of  Publications.) 


Officers  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.  515 

TRUSTEES    OF    THE    BINDING    FUND. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKER,  SIMON  GRATZ. 


TRUSTEES    OF    THE    LIBRARY    FUND. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKEB,  JOHN  BACH  MCMASTEB, 

GREGORY  B.  KEEN. 


TRUSTEES    OF    THE    QILPIN    LIBRARY. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKEB,  GEORGE   HARRISON    FISHER, 

WILLIAM  BROOKE  RAWLE.  SIMON  GRATZ. 


TRUSTEES  OF  THE  ENDOWMENT  FUND  AND  THE 
MISCELLANEOUS  TRUSTS  FUND. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKEB,  HON.  HAMPTON  L.  CARSON, 

RICHARD  M.  CADWALADER. 


TRUSTEES     OF     THE     FERDINAND     J.     DREEBCOL- 
LECTIONOF    MANUSCBIPTS. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKEB,  WILLIAM  BROOKE  RAWLE, 

HON.  HAMPTON  L.  CARSON,  GBEGOBY  B.  KEEN, 

EDWIN  GBEBLE  DREEB. 


TRUSTEES     OF     THE     PENNSYLVANIA     HISTORICAL 
STUDY     ENCOURAGEMENT    FUND. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKEB,  WILLIAM  BROOKE  RAWLE, 

GREGORY  B.  KEEN. 


TRUSTEES     OF     THE     BUILDING     FUND. 

HON.  S.  W.  PENNYPACKER,  WILLIAM  BROOKE  RAWLE, 

JOHN  F.  LEWIS. 


516  Officers  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

STATED  MEETINGS. 

January  10,  1916.  May  8,  1916. 

March  13,  1916.  November  13,  1916. 

January  8,  1917. 


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Payments  may  be  made  to  the  Curator  at  the  Hall,    1300  Locust 
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INDEX. 

(Family  surnames  of  value  in  genealogical  research  are  printed  in  CAPITALS ; 
names  of  places  in  italics.) 


ABBOT,   THOMAS,   34 

ABERCROMBIE,   267,   302 

ABERCROMBIE,  MRS.,  318 

ABERCROMBIE,  GENERAL  J.  J., 
attends  dinner  of  the  Aztec  Club, 
92 

ABERCROMBIE,  CAPTAIN  JAMES, 
267,  302 

ABERCROMBIE,  REV.  JAMES,  to 
Elizabeth  Fergusson,  1780,  300, 
304 ;  son  of  Capt.  James  Aber- 
crombie,  302  ;  mentioned,  303,  306 

ABERCROMBIE,  MARGARET,  to 
Ann  Graeme,  267 ;  wife  of  Capt. 
James  Abercrombie,  267 ;  men- 
tioned, 262 

ABRAHAMS,  MR.  ,  427 

Academy  Lottery,  notice  of  managers 
of,  500 

ADAMS,  ARTHUR,  A  Genealogy  of 
the  Lake  Family,  by  Sarah  A. 
Risley  and,  notice  of,  510 

ADAMS,  JOHN,  Meeting  of  Federal- 
ists to  celebrate  anniversary  of 
birth  of,  1788,  62  ;  Thomas  McKean 
to,  1814,  458 

ADGATE,  DANIEL,  Supercago  of  the 
Ship  Good  Friends,  99 

ADGATE,  WILLIAM,  Supercargo  of 
the  Ship  Good  Friends,  99  ;  letter 
of,  1813,  101 ;  prisoner  of  war,  102, 
103,  104,  106;  to  Stephen  Girard, 
105,  107;  mentioned,  106 

AGNEW,  DR.  D.  HAYES,  93 

ALBRIGHT,  ANTHONY,  38 

ALEXANDER,  MAJOR-GENERAL  T. 
L.,  attends  dinner  of  the  Aztec 
Club,  92 

ALISON,  FRANCIS,  Benjamin  and 
Jacob  Rush  attend  school  of,  53,  54 

Allemengel,  Lynn  Township,  Lehigh 
Co.,  187;  attacks  by  Indians  in, 
187 

ALLEN,  WILLIAM,  to  Gov.  R.  H. 
Morris,  1755,  239;  mentioned,  2,  44 

ALLEN,  WILLIAM,  and  Co.,  Pat. 
Carroll  to,  246 

ALPIIENOR,  see  Cox,  John 


ALVORD,  CLARENCE  W.,  The 
Critical  Period,  1763-1765,  by, 
notice  of,  509 

America  to  Japan,  notice  of,  383 

American  Jewish  Historical  Society, 
Publications,  No.  22,  1914,  notice 
of,  126 

American  Philosophical  Society,  no- 
tice of  special  meeting,  501 

Anna's  Valley,  441 

Annals  of  the  Swedes  on  the  Dela- 
ware, by  Rev.  John  Curtis  Clay, 
notice  of,  127 

ARMITAGE,  BENJAMIN,  7 

ARMSTRONG,  HANNAH,  Deed  of 
Peter  E.  Armstrong  and,  484 

ARMSTRONG,  MAJOR-GENERAL 
JOHN,  First  Battalion,  Pennsyl- 
vania Provincials,  commanded  by, 
227 

ARMSTRONG,  PETER  E.,  and  wife 
Hannah,  Deed  of,  484 

Articles  of  Confederation  Signed  by 
Members  of  Congress,  1781,  309; 
celebration  of  ratification  of,  309 

ASH,  ,  420 

Assembly,  House  of,  Petition  of 
Elizabeth  Fergusson  to,  1779,  400, 
401 

ATLEE,    JUDGE    WILLIAM  A.,    296 

Attack  and  Defence  of  Little  Round 
Top,  Gettysburg,  by  Oliver  Will- 
cox  Norton,  notice  of,  509 

Aztec  Club,  entertained  by  General 
Robert  Patterson,  92 


BABCOCK,  GENERAL  O.  E.,  attends 
dinner  of  the  Aztec  Club,  92 

BACHE,  CAPTAIN  RICHARD,  421 

BACON,  REV.  THOMAS,  obituary 
notice  of,  220 

BAER,  JACOB,  Innkeeper,  Federal 
Inn,  Reading,  65,  66 

BAILY,  JOLL  J.,  95 

BAIRD,  MR.  -      — ,  329 

BAKER,  JOHN,  325 

BALCH,    THOMAS,    93 

517 


518 


Index. 


BALL,  MR.,  314,  315 

Ballston,  James  Morrell's  Account  of 
a  trip  to  in  August,  1813,  425  ;  de- 
scription of,  431 

Baltimore,  Panorama  of,  advertise- 
ment of,  1809,  226 

BANCKBR,  -      — ,   423 

BANCKER,   CHARLES  N.,  99 

BARBOUR,  VIOLET,  Henry  Bennet, 
Earl  of  Arlington,  by,  notice  of, 
383 

BARCLAY, ,  276,  326 

BARCLAY,   MESSRS.,   283 

BARCLAY,  DAVID,  283 

BARCLAY,  J.,  403 

BARD,  DR.  ,  297.  313 

BARING  BROTHERS  &  CO.,  to 
Stephen  Girard,  106;  mentioned, 
103,  104,  106 

BARNARD,  GENERAL  J.  G.,  attends 
dinner  of  the  Aztec  Club,  92 

BARRATT,  HON.  NORRIS  S.,  Copy 
of  Page  Tablet  in  Gloucester  Court 
House,  Gloucester,  Va.,  contributed 
by,  496;  to  Patterson  Du  Bois, 
505 

BARROW,  MR.  and  MRS.  :, 

386 

BARRY,  GENERAL  TOM,  93 

BARRY,  GENERAL  WILLIAM  P., 
attends  dinner  of  the  Aztec  Club, 
92;  mentioned,  93 

BARTLETT,  MR.  ,  282 

BARTLETT,  MRS.  ,  273 

BARTON,  ,  317 

BARTON, ,  283,  297 

BARTON,  SARAH,  to  Elizabeth  Fer- 
gusson,  1778,  1794,  297,  317; 
writes  of  visits  of  Mr.  Fergusson, 
297 ;  widow  of  Rev.  Thomas  Bar- 
ton, 317 

BARTON,   REV.  THOMAS,   297,  317 

BASEROF,  JOHN,  45 

BASKETT,  JOHN,  Petitioner  to 
King  in  behalf  of  Sir  William 
Keith,  212-215 

BASS,  DR.  ROBERT,  to  deliver  medi- 
cines to  Dr.  Rush,  232 

BASSE,  DR.  DELMAR,  George  Rapp 
purchases  land  from,  1803,  338 

BATTLE,   JAMES,  228 

BAUMAN,  JOHN,  killed  by  the  In- 
dians, buried  at  Nazareth,  352 

BAYARD,  MISS  ,  424 

BAYARD,  ELIZABETH,  412 

BAYARD,  JAMES  A.,  90 

BAYARD,  JOHN,  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Assembly  of  Penna., 
Elizabeth  Fergusson  to,  1779,  397 ; 
mentioned,  399 


BAYLEY,  FRANK  W.,  The  Life  and 
Works  of  John  Singleton  Copley, 
by,  notice  of,  255 

BEANS,  MATTHEW,  39 

Bear  Creek,  190 

BEARD,  JOHN,  performs  at  benefit 
for  the  Colleges  of  Philadelphia 
and  New  York,  1763,  51,  52 

BEAUMONT,   JOHN,   32,   42,   43 

BEAUREGARD,  GENERAL  PIERRE 
G.  T.,  93 

Bedford,  Penna,.,  incidents  connected 
with  the  history  of,  by  Miss  A.  M. 
Gilchrist,  228;  demolition  of 
Waverly  Hotel,  228 

BEER,  WILLIAM,  Material  for 
Louisiana  Genealogy,  by,  110 

Benigna's  Creek,  441 

BENNET,  HENRY,  Earl  of  Arling- 
ton, by  Violet  Barbour,  notice  of, 
383 

BENTON,  JESSIE,  90 

BENTON,    THOMAS   HART,   90 

BERGAN,  MRS.  ,  426 

B  erne  Township,  190 

BERRY,  COLONEL  PETER  L.,  328 

Bethel  Township,  attacks  by  Indians 
in,  188 

Bethlehem  Stage,  advertisement  of, 
230 ;  number  of  gallons  of  currant 
wine  made  in,  1755-1761,  231; 
Captain  John  Paul  Jones  at,  1783, 
244 ;  trades  represented  in,  1756, 
244 ;  Excerpts  from  the  Waste 
Books  of  the  Sun  Inn,  at,  1760- 
1799,  469 

BEUTEL,  FREDERICK,  230 

BIDDLE, ,  412,  419,  420,  422, 

432 

BIDDLE,  CAPTAIN  ,  331 

BIDDLE,  C.,  232 

BIDDLE,  COLONEL  CHARLES  J., 
attends  dinner  of  the  Aztec  Club, 
92 

BIDDLE,  CLEMENT,  to  assist  David 
Rittenhouse  in  gun-lock  making, 
232 

BIDDLE,  CLEMENT  C.,  elected 
Colonel,  First  Regiment,  Penna. 
Volunteer  Infantry,  334 ;  men- 
tioned, 333-336,  410,  413-420,  422, 
424 

BIDDLE,   HON.   CRAIG,   93,   94 

BIDDLE,  JAMES,  private  secretary 
to  Gen.  Thomas  Cadwalader,  334; 
mentioned,  326 

BIDDLE,  JOHN,  419,  420 

BIDDLE,  RICHARD,  330,  332 

BIDDLE,  ENSIGN  RICHARD,  335 

BIDWELL, ,  232 


Index. 


519 


BIGLER,  GOVERNOR  WILLIAM, 
93 

Billingsport,  troops  employed  to  lay 
out  works  at,  233 

Black  Forest  Souvenirs  Collected  In 
Northern  Pennnsylvania,  by  Henry 
W.  Shoemaker,  notice  of,  252 

Black  Hawk,  91 

BLACKFAN,  HANNAH,  5 

BLACKFAN,  WILLIAM,  John  Wat- 
son dies  at  house  of,  5 

BLACKWOOD,  REV.  DR.  ,  94 

BLACKWOOD,  WILLIAM,  331 

Bladensburg,  battle  of,  330 

BLAKE,  GENERAL  GEORGE  A.  H., 
attends  dinner  of  the  Aztec  Club, 
92  ;  mentioned,  94 

BLAKER,  SAMUEL,  34,  37,  40,  42, 
46 

Blandford,  152 

BLIGHT,   GEORGE,  95 

BLOOMFIELD,  GENERAL  JOSEPH, 
335,  336 

Blue  Mountain,  188 

BOARMAN,   JOHN,    150 

BODECKER,  N.,  to  John  Brownfield, 
245 

BOELEN,  505 

Bohandoe  Creek,  187,  189 

BOILEAU,  NATHANIEL  B.,  416 

Bonaparte,  Joseph,  visit  of,  to  Pat- 
terson Mansion,  87;  sister  of,  88 

BOND,  406 

BOND, ,  280 

BOND,  DR.  ,  162 

BOND,  MRS. ,  277,  293,  406 

BOND,  MISS ,  280 

BOND,  DR.  PHINEAS,  306,  406 

BOND,  DR.  RICHARD,  obituary 
notice,  114 

BOND,  SALLY,  317 

BOND,  DR.  THOMAS.  162 

BOND,  DR.  THOMAS,  JR.,  appeals 
for  needs  of  hospitals,  114,  115 

BOND,  WILLIAMINA,  wife  of  Dr. 
Phineas  Bond,  406 

BONHAM, ,  43 

BONHAM,  GOVERNOR  M.  L.,  at- 
tends dinner  of  the  Aztec  Club, 
92 

Book  Notices,  124,  252,  383,  508 

BOONE-WEBB,  query  regarding,  249 

BOTVIDI,  REV.  CLAS,  father  of 
John  Classon  Rising,  130 

BOUDINOT.  313 

BOUDINOT,  ELIAS,  to  Elizabeth 
Fergusson,  291,  299,  311,  313,  319 ; 
writes  regarding  camp  at  Valley 
Forge,  292 ;  to  Henry  Hugh  Fer- 
gusson, 393,  394 ;  Commissary  of 


Prisoners,  399;  Elizabeth  Fergus- 
son  to,  403;  mentioned,  259,  292, 
293,  294,  306,  313,  314,  315,  392, 
403 

BOUDINOT,  HANNAH,  to  Elizabeth 
Fergusson,  1784,  312  ;  wife  of  Ellas 
Boudinot,  313;  mentioned,  811, 
314,  319 

BOUDINOT,  SUSAN,  wife  of  William 
Bradford,  299;  mentioned,  312, 
313,  314 

Boulton  Gun  Works,  erected  by  Hon. 
William  Henry,  Jr.,  113 

Bounty  of  Crown  Land,  notice  to 
Provincial  troops  entitled  to,  1754- 
1764,  227 

BOUQUET,  COLONEL  HENRY,  First 
Battalion  Royal  Americans,  com- 
manded by,  227 

BOWDEN,  JOHN,  15 

BOWEN, ,  329 

BOWMAN.  484 

BRACKENRIDGE,  ,  306 

BRADFIELD,  JANE,  34,  42 

BRADFIELD,  JOHN,  33 

BRADFIELD,  WILLIAM,  32,  40 

BRADFORD,  299 

BRADFORD,  MRS.  ,  319 

BRADFORD,  THOMAS,  Henry  Hugh 
Fergusson  to,  1778,  395 

BRADFORD,  WILLIAM,  Susan  Bou- 
dlnot  wife  of,  299 

BRADFORD  &  INSKEEP,  428 

BRAINERD,  DR.  DAVID,  visits  town 
of  Shamokin.  440 

BRANDT,  JACOB,  canteen  maker, 
233 

BRAVARD,  CHARLES,  228 

BREINTNALL,   JOSEPH,   453 

BRINGHAM,  MR.  ,  316 

BRINKER,  genealogical  query,  119, 
120 

BRINTON,   -      ,  412,   416 

BRINTON,  COLONEL  R.  M.,  95 

British  fleet  sails  from  New  York, 
1779,  300 

British  prisoners,  orders  of  Sir  Wil- 
liam Howe  regarding,  393 

British  troops,  disposition  of.  in  In- 
terior of  Pennsylvania  in  winter  of 
1763-64,  483 

BROOKE,  GENERAL  JOHN  MER- 
CER, 93 

BROWN, ,  412 

BROWN,  LIEUTENANT  ,  of 

Captain  Jennings'  company,  349, 
350 

BROWN,  ALEXANDER,  41,  45,  47 

BROWN,  DAVID  PAUL,  description 
of  Judge  Jacob  Rush,  59,  60 


520 


Index. 


BROWN,  JOHN,  35,  36,  41,  45,  46, 
47 

BROWNE,  CAPT.  PETER  A.,  332, 
333 

BROWNFIELD,  JOHN,  William 
Logan  &  Co.  to.  245 

BRUMBAUGH,  GAIUS  MARCUS, 
Genealogy  of  the  descendants  of 
Theobald  Fouse  (Fauss),  by, 
notice  of,  252  ;  Maryland  Records, 
Vol.  1,  by,  notice  of,  511 

BRUNSON,  HUGH,  228 

BRYAN,  JUDGE  GEORGE,  296  ;  306 

BUCK,  507 

BUCKLEY,  CLEMENT.  326 

BUDDEN,  CAPTAIN  RICHARD,  380 

BUDDBN,  MRS.  SUSANNAH,  obitu- 
ary notice  of,  380 

BULGER.  484 

BULLITT,  JOHN  C.,  93,  95 

BURD,   EDWARD,   296 

BURD,  COLONEL  JAMES,  Second 
Battalion,  Pennsylvania  Provin- 
cials, commanded  by,  227 ;  men- 
tioned, 187 

BURGER,  505 

BURN,  JOSEPH,  JR.,  illness  of,  332 

BURNS,  .  328 

BURN  SIDES,  James,  445 

BURSTLER,  JOHN,  351 

BURTON,  REV.  DR.  D.,  283 

Bush  Hill,  Fencibles  and  Prevost's 
Corp  march  to,  326 

BUSSE,  CAPTAIN  CHRISTIAN,  187 

BYRD,  JOHN,  death  of,  335 


-,  406 


CADWALADER,  MRS.  - 
CADWALADER,    GENERAL    JOHN, 

233 
CADWALADER,   THOMAS,    Director 

of  the  Library  Company  of  Phila- 
delphia, 450,  452,  453 
CADWALADER,  DR.  THOMAS,  162, 

233 
CADWALADER,        GENERAL 

THOMAS,  333,  334,  335,  422,   424 
CALDWELL,  CHARLES,   oration  of, 

July  4,  1814,  330 
CALHOUN,  JOHN  C.,  90 
CALLENDER,  -      — ,  327 
CALVERT,  BENEDICT,  2 
CALVIN,   LUTHER,   42,   43 
CAMERON,    LIEUTENANT    ALLAN, 

of     the     Queen's     Rangers,     155 ; 

prisoner  of  war,  156,  157,  162,  164, 

165 
CAMERON,  HON.  SIMON,  to  Colonel 

Reah  Frazer,  1851,  495  ;  mentioned, 

93 


CAMMERHOFF,  BISHOP  J.  C.  F., 
takes  presents  to  Indians  at  Onon- 
dago,  244 

CAMPBELL,   484 

CAMPBELL,  -  — ,  272,  306.  416, 
421 

CAMPBELL,  MRS. ,  Elizabeth 

Fergusson  to,  1798,  407 :  men- 
tioned, 268,  270,  272 

CAMPBELL,  CAPTAIN  DUNCAN, 
of  the  Royal  Emigrants,  prisoner  of 
war,  161 

CAMPBELL,  MAJOR  JAMES,  118 

CANBY,  BENJAMIN,  32 

Cape  'Henlopen,  Commissioners  of 
Pennsylvania-Maryland  Boundary 
dispute  meet  at,  2 ;  location  of,  1,  2 

CAPP,  JOHN,  228 

CAREY,  HENRY  C.,  93 

CAREY,  ROBERT,  Petitioner  to  King 
in  behalf  of  Sir  William  Keith, 
212-215 

CARPENTER,   484 

CARROLL,  PAT.,  to  William  Allen 
&  Co.,  246 

CARSON,  —     — ,  327,  328,  431 

CARSON,  CAPTAIN  JOHN,  decision 
of  Judge  Rush  in  trial  of  Richard 
Smith  for  murder  of,  61,  62 

CART,  SAMUEL,  vindication  of  exe- 
cutors of,  481 

CARTER,  JOSEPH,  27 

"Case  of  the  Proprietor  of  Pensil- 
vania  &c  About  the  Appointing  a 
New  Deputy-Governor,"  201 

CASH,  CAPTAIN  JACOB,  JR.,  333 

CASS,  GENERAL  LEWIS,  services 
of,  89 

Cedar  Point,  147 

Celestial  City,  by  Rev.  Clarence  Ed- 
ward Macartney,  484 

CHACE,  SAMUEL,  157 

Cfiadd'8  Ford,  331 

CHAMBERS,  CAPTAIN  STEPHEN, 
Documents  relating  to  Estate  of, 
243 

CHANCELLOR,  MISS  —     ,  421 

CHANCELLOR,  W.,  325 

CHAPMAN,   ABRAHAM,   36,   37 

CHAPMAN,  ALBERT,  Commandant 
at  Ephrata,  to  General  Washing- 
ton, 1778,  233 

CHAPMAN,  JOHN,  resigns  office  of 
Chief  Clerk  of  Commissioners  in 
Pennsylvania-Maryland  boundary 
dispute,  37  ;  mentioned,  7,  36,  37 

Charlestown,  John  Young  writes  of 
action  at,  391 

CHASE,  MRS.  ANN,  heroine  of 
Tampico,  88 


Index. 


521 


CHASE,   SAMUEL,  157 

CHEW,  BENJAMIN.  2,  8,  466 

CHEW,  JULIANA,   466 

CHEW,  NANCY,  466 

CHILDS,  GEORGE  W.,   93 

Christina,  135 

Chronicles  of  Pennsylvania  from  the 
English  Revolution  to  the  Peace  of 
Aix-la-Chapelle,  by  Charles  P. 
Keith,  notice  of,  512 

CIST,  CHARLES,  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Lehigh  Coal  Mine  Company, 
170 

CLAGHORN,  JAMES  L.,  93,  95 

CLAIR,  JOHN,  28 

CLAPIER,  MRS.  -    ,  423 

CLAPIER,   JOHN,   323,   328 

CLAPIER,   L.,   416 

CLARK,  MYRA,  90 

CLAY,  -      — ,  413 

CLAY,  HENRY,  circular  of  formation 
of  the  Clay  Party  of  1832,  organ- 
ized by  friends  of,  in  Philadelphia, 
489  ;  mentioned,  90,  109 

CLAY,  REV.  JOHN  CURTIS,  annals 
of  the  Swedes  on  the  Delaware,  by, 
notice  of,  127 

Clay  Party  of  1832,  formation  of,  489 

CLAYPOOLE,  JAMES,  115 

CLAYTON,  SURGEON  JOSHUA,  69 

CLEMSON,  COLONEL  ELI  B.,  332 

CLEWELL,  FRANZ,  family  and 
house  of,  injured  in  earthquake, 
1755,  346 

CLIFFORD,  J.,  466 

Clifton,  321 

CLIFTON,  ANNA  MARIA,  to  Eliza- 
beth Fergusson,  1795,  320 ;  bio- 
graphical, 321 ;  mentioned,  291 

CLIFTON,  ELEANOR,  321 

CLIFTON,    JOHN,   321 

CLINTON,  GENERAL  SIR  HENRY, 
300 

CLYMER,  -      — ,  306 

CLYMER,  MRS.  -      — .  309 

CLYMER,   DAN,   306 

CLYMER,  GEORGE,  259 

COFFEE,  see  Coppee 

COFFEE,  CAPTAIN  ,  92 

COFFIN,  MAJOR  E.  W.,  95 

COHEN,  JOSEPH,  324,  325,  326 

COLE,  ARTHUR  CHARLES,  The 
Whig  Party  in  the  South,  by, 
notice  of,  126  * 

COLEMAN,  L.,  424 

COLEMAN,  WILLIAM,  Director  of 
the  Library  Company  of  Philadel- 
phia, 453  ;  mentioned,  7 

College  of  New  York,  play-bill  of 
benefit  for,  1763,  48 


College  of  Philadelphia,  play-bill  of 
benefit  for,  1763,  48;  play  "Gus- 
tavus  Vasa,"  performed  at,  309 ; 
lines  on  Dr.  Smith's  reply  to  a 
proposition  to  add  a  rider  to  bill 
to  restore  charter  and  property  of, 
501 

COLLOCK,    JACOB,    12,    14,    28 

Colonial  Men  and  Times,  by  Lillie 
Du  Puy  Van  Culin  Harper,  notice 
of,  384 ;  errata  in  notice  of, 
494 

Colonial  Society  of.  Pennsylvania, 
Charter,  Constitution,  Members, 
etc.,  1914,  notice  of,  253 

Columbia  University,  play-bill  of 
benefit  for,  1763,  48 

COLUMBUS,  CHRISTOPHER,  by 
Mildred  Stapley,  notice  of,  509 

Committee  of  Accuonts,  A  Versifica- 
tion of  the  Letter  of,  to  the  Presi- 
dent of  Congress,  1779.  196 

Committee  of  Safety,  1776,  and  Com- 
mittee and  Council  of  Safety  of 
Penna.,  extracts  from  Memorandum 
Book  of,  232 

Conecocheague,  158 

Congress,  A.  Versification  of  the  Let- 
ter of  the  Committee  of  Accounts 
to  the  President  of,  1779,  196 

CONNOLLY,  LIEUTENANT- 
COLONEL  JOHN,  Captain  John 
Ferdinand  Dalziel  Smyth  joins  regi- 
ment of,  143,  155  ;  commandant  of 
the  Queen's  Rangers,  155  ;  prisoner 
of  war,  156,  157,  160,  161,  163 ;  to 
be  exchanged  for  a  Lieutenant- 
Colonel,  394  ;  mentioned,  152,  155, 
157,  163 

CONRAD,  HON.  HENRY  C.,  address 
of,  at  unveiling  of  Delaware  Mem- 
orial at  Valley  Forge,  70 

COOK,   JOHN,   324 

COOMB,  MR.  -      — ,  388 

COOPER,   JONATHAN,  46 

COOPER,  WELLS,  Paymaster  and 
Commissary,  152 

Coopers  of  Philadelphia  present 
Lafayette  with  some  Pennsylvania 
Whiskey,  489 

COPLEY,  JOHN  SINGLETON,  The 
Life  and  Works  of,  by  Frank  W. 
Bayley,  notice  of,  255 

COPPEE,  CAPTAItf  HENRY,  attends 
dinner  of  the  Aztec  Club,  92 

CORDY,  MR.  -     — .  431 

CORNISH-BOWDEN,  MAJOR  J.  H. 
T.,  to  John  W.  Jordan,  concerning 
the  Affair  at  Paoli,  241 

Cornwall,  505 


522 


Index. 


CORNWALLIS,  LORD,  army  of,  In 
Virginia,  242,  243  ;  movements  of, 
300,  309 

Correspondence  with  Early  Iron 
Masters,  245 

CORREY,  CAPTAIN  -.  420 

Cortelljau,  505 

Coryell's  Ferry,  291 

Council  of  Safety  of  Penna.,  Extracts 
from  Accounts  Paid  by  Assembly 
against,  1777-1779,  111 

COX,  JOHN,  to  Hannah  Pemberton, 
1781,  465 

COX,  WILLIAM  S.,  applies  to  Col. 
Pleasants  for  pass,  417;  reported 
as  a  deserter,  418 ;  mentioned,  418, 
419,  420 

COXE,   MR. ,   285 

COXE,  MRS.  ,  305 

COXE,  C.  J.,  322 

COXE,  CHARLES  S.,  326 

COXE,   FRANCIS,   328 

COXE,  HENRY  P.,  331 

COXE,  R.  S.,  324,  325.  326 

CRAGUE,  JAMES,  28 

CRAIG,  CAPTAIN ,  with  com- 
pany of  Ulster-Scots,  at  Nazareth, 
349,  352 

CRAIG,  JAMES,  38 

CRAYCROFTS,  CAPTAIN  , 

426 

Cressop's  Town,  160 

Critical  Period,  The,  1763-1765,  by 
Clarence  W.  Alvord,  notice  of, 
509 

CROCKETT,  DAVY,  by  William  C. 
Sprague,  notice  of,  509 

CROGHAN,  GENERAL  GEORGE, 
hero  of  Fort  Sandusky,  87  ;  enter- 
tained by  General  Robert  Patter- 
son, 87,  89 

Crooked  Billet,  refugees  from  Yellow 
Fever  in  Philadelphia,,  pass 
through,  1797,  407 

CULVER,  EPHRAIM,  resides  in 
Lower  Smithfield  township,  347 ; 
landlord  of  the  Rose  Inn,  347 ; 
with  his  family  refugees  from 
Indians,  348 ;  mentioned,  349,  351 

Cumberland  County,  Penna.,  mys* 
tery,  111 

Currant  Wine,  number  of  gallons 
made  in  Bethlehem,  1755-1761, 
231 

CURTIN,  GOVERNOR  ANDREW  G., 
93 

CUR  WEN,  JOSEPH,  to  Stephen 
Girard.  1813,  103,  104;  mentioned, 
105,  107 

CUSTARD,    WILLIAM,   118 


CUYLER,    SURGEON   JOHN   M.,   at- 
tends dinner  of  the  Aztec  Club.  92 


DALE,  ,  appointed  a  midship- 
man on  board  the  President,  422 

DALE,  RICHARD,  328,  417 

DALLAS, ,  325 

DALLAS,  HON.  A.  J.,  to  Right  Rev. 
John  Ettwein,  1797.  220 

DALLAS,  GEORGE  M.,  90.  91 

Daphne,  British  ship,  169 

DARLINGTON,  MRS.  MARY  CAR- 
SON, wife  of  William  M.  Darling- 
ton, obituary  notice  of,  486 

DARRAH,  THOMAS  A.,  95 

David  Garrick  and  "Old  Penn,"  by 
Edward  Robins.  48 

DAVIDSON,    DR.    JAMES,    118 

DAVIS,  ADRIAN.  35 

DAVIS,    JUSTICE,    29 

DAVIS,  SAMUEL,  8 

DAWS,   ADRIAN.   47 

DAY,   250 

DEARBORN,  HENRY,  89 

DECHERT,  COLONEL  R.  T.,  95 

Declaration  of  Independence,  signing 
of,  457,  458,  460  ;  vote  taken,  July 
4,  1776,  459 

DE  CLICK,  MR.  ,  428 

DE  KLYN,  genealogical  query,  121 

DELANCY,  MRS.  .  305 

DELANY,  SHARPE,  308 

Delaware,  Memorial  Marker  at  Valley 
Forge  Park,  erected  by  the  State 
of,  1914,  69 

Dcnormandie,  317 

DENORMANDIE,  SALLY,  317 

DENT,  CAPTAIN  ,  151 

DEWEES,  THOMAS,  gaoler,  163 

DE  WITT,  REV.  DR.,  94 

DICKENS,  CHARLES.  88 

DICKINSON,  .   334 

DICKINSON,  JOHN,  an  opinion  on 
Farmer's  Letters  by,  241;  Eliza- 
beth Fergusson,  398,  404,  405 ; 
mentioned,  259 

DICKINSON,  MRS.  JOHN,  405 

DICKINSON,  SERGEANT  JOHN  B.. 
419 

DICKINSON,    JONATHAN,    306 

DILLINGHAM,  ,  322,  323, 

324,  325,  326 

DOBSON,  MR.  ,  430 

DOELING.  505 

DOIL,  WILLIAM,  45 

DOLL,  CAPTAIN  ,  348,  349 


DOM  PEDRO,  dinner  to,  by  General 

Robert  Patterson,  92 
DONALDSON,   MR.  ,   423 


Index. 


523 


DONALDSON,  JOHN,  Hon.  John 
Joseph  Henry  to,  1800,  109 

DOWNES,  ELIZABETH,  marriage  to 
William  Franklin,  259 

DOYLE,   EDWARD,   44 

DOZ, ,  232 

DOZ,  ANDREW,  to  assist  David  Rit- 
tenhouse  in  gun-lock  making,  239 

DRAKE,  MR.  -  — ,  proprietor  of 
"Sign  of  the  Indian  Queen,"  New 
Brunswick,  426 

DRAYTON,  WILLIAM  H.,  93,  94 

DRINKER,  HENRY,  to  Right  Rev. 
John  Ettwein,  1791,  219;  men- 
tioned, 221 

DU  BOIS,  PATTERSON,  Hon.  Norris 
S.  Barratt  to,  505 

DU  CHALLU,  PAUL  BELLONI,  88 

DUCHE,  REV.  JACOB,  letter  of,  to 
General  Washington,  October,  1777, 
257,  258 ;  extracts  from  letter  of 
Washington  to  Congress  on  letter 
of,  1777,  290  ;  mentioned,  271,  284, 
290,  317 

DUDLEY,  E.  LAWRENCE,  Benjamin 
Franklin,  by,  notice  of,  509 

DUER,  218 

Duer  Family  Bible  Records,  contrib- 
uted by  James  B.  Laux,  218 

DUNCAN,  483 

DUNCAN,  WILLIAM,  44 

DUNMORE,  LORD,  146,  152,  153, 
154,  162 

DUPONT, ,  335 

DU  PONT,  E.  I.,  artillery  and  in- 
fantry under  Col.  Biddle,  visit 
powder  mills  of,  420 

DU  PORTAIL,  GENERAL  LOUIS 
LEBEQUE,  to  Washington  on  for- 
tifying a  hill  at  Valley  Forge,  1778, 
248 ;  memorial  of,  to  General 
Washington,  Valley  Forge,  1778, 
375 

DURHAM,  LORD,  reception  to,  by 
General  Robert  Patterson,  92 

Durham  Iron  Works,  petition  of 
George  Taylor  to  Supreme  Execu- 
tive Council  of  Pa.  for  renewal  of 
lease  of,  1778,  492 

D'YRUYO,  CHEVALIER,  house  of,  to 
let,  238 


Eagle,  packet,  William  Nichols  cap- 
tain of,  395 

Eagle,  steamboat  on  Delaware  river, 
425  ;  description  of,  425,  426. 

Early  Documents  of  the  Library  Com- 
pany of  Philadelphia,  1733-34,  450 

EASTBURN,   SAMUEL,  34 


Easton,  445 

EBERHARDT,    NICHOLAS  H.,    John 

Hackett  to,  245,  246 
Eclipses  of  the  year  1736,  108 
Economy,  Penna.,  town  of,  built  by 

the  Harmonites,  342 
EDEN,  CAPTAIN  JOHN,  150 
EDMONDS,    FRANKLIN    SPENCER, 

Ulysses    S.    Grant    by,    notice    of, 

508 

EDMONDS,  WILLIAM,  445 
Edward's  Tavern,  153 
Electrical    Rod,    receipt    of    William 

Rush  for,  223 

ELFRITH, ,  428 

ELLICOTT,     GENERAL     ANDREW, 

227 
ELLIOTT,   JESSE  D.,   entertainment 

for,  by  General  Robert  Patterson, 

87 
ELLISON,    CAPTAIN    FRANCIS,    Of 

the  ship  Good  Friends,  98 
ELLMAKER,  COLONEL  PETER,  95 

ELY,   MR.   ,   332 

EMELEN,  DR. ,  423 

EMLEN,  PHOEBE,  326,  327.  329 

EMORY,  ARTHUR,  19 

EMORY,    JOHN,    Surveyor    for    Lord 

Baltimore,    2;    mentioned,    10,    11, 

14,  15,  16,  20,  22,  26 
ENGLE,    SARAH,    wife    of    General 

Robert  Patterson,  80 
Essays,    Political   and   Historical,   by 

Hon.    Charlemagne    Tower,    notice 

of.  127 

ETTING,  GRATZ,  332 
ETTING,  HENRY,  330 
ETTWEIN,  RIGHT  REV.  JOHN,  to 

Hon.     Arthur     Lee,     219;     Henry 

Drinker  to,  1791,  219 ;  to  President 

Ezra  Stiles,  1793,  220;  Hon.  A.  J. 

Dallas,  to,  1797,  220 
EVANS,  ,  meeting  of  Washing- 
ton Guards  at  house  of,  329 
EVANS,  ISAAC,  44 
EVANS,  JAMES,  41,  47 
EVANS,  JOHN,  188,  189,  296 
EVANS,  NATHANIEL,  283 
EVE,    JOHN,   225 
EVERET,  THOMAS,  187 
Excerpts    from    the    Report    of    the 

Council  of  The  Historical  Society 

of  Pennsylvania,  1914,  353 
Excerpts   from   the   Waste  Books   of 

the  Sun  Inn,  at  Bethlehem,  Penna., 

1760-1799,    469 

Exiles   in    Virginia,    order   of   Wash- 
ington granting  permission  for  four 

"Exiles"  to  return  to  Philadelphia, 

221 


524 


Index. 


Extracts  from  Accounts  Paid  by  As- 
sembly against  the  Council  of 
Safety  of  Penna.,  1777-1779,  111 

EYRE,  MRS.  -      — ,  421,  424 

EYRE,  JEHU.  227 

Falcon,  British  ship,  166,  167,  169 

Farmer's  Letters,  An  Opinion  on,  241 

FAUSS,  see  Fouse 

Federal  Inn,  Reading,  Albert  Gallatin 
lodges  at,  and  demonstration  in 
honor  of,  at,  65.  66 

FELL,  BENJAMIN,  34,  46 

FELL,  ISAAC,  33,  45 

FELL,   JOHN,   33,   42 

FELTON,   SAMUEL,  93 

FENTON,  JOSIAH,  37,  39 

FENWICK,  MR. .  269 

Fenwick  Island,  Survey  of  Mason  and 
Dixon's  Line  commenced  at,  2 

FERGUSSON,    267 

FERGUSSON,  ELIZABETH,  see  also 
Graeme,  Elizabeth 

FERGUSSON,  ELIZABETH,  nee 
Graeme,  Some  Materials  for  a  Biog- 
raphy, by  Simon  Gratz,  257,  385  ; 
bearer  of  letter  of  Rev.  Jacob 
Duche"  to  General  Washington,  257, 
258 ;  appeals  to  Councils  and  As- 
sembly of  Pennsylvania  not  to 
allow  sale  of  her  property,  1779, 
1780,  258  ;  supporters  in  her  claim 
to  save  her  property  from  confis- 
cation, 259;  love  affair  with  Wil- 
liam Franklin,  259,  260,  268,  272  ; 
accompanies  Rev.  Richard  Peters 
to  London,  1764,  260;  returns  to 
America,  1765,  260 ;  marriage  to 
Henry  Hugh  Fergusson,  260  ;  sepa- 
rated from  husband,  1778,  260; 
translates  Fe"ne"lon's  "Telemaque," 
260;  death  of,  1801,  260;  extracts 
from  letter  of  Washington  to  Con- 
gress on  letter  of  Rev.  Jacob  Duche" 
delivered  by,  290 ;  memorial  of, 
292,  293  ;  decree  of,  294-296  ;  list 
of  furniture  to  be  left  with,  till 
settlement  of  husband's  estate, 
294-296 ;  articles  bought  by,  at 
public  sale  of  estate  of  Henry  Hugh 
Fergusson,  296  ;  Joseph  Reed  writes 
to  Mrs.  Stockton  about  estate  of, 
297,  298;  Chief  Justice  McKean 
interests  himself  in  case  of,  302, 
305  ;  original  copy  of  petition  of, 
to  the  Assembly,  March  1,  1781, 
305 ;  names  of  gentlemen  who 
exerted  their  influence  in  behalf  of, 
305,  306;  Elias  Boudinot  writes 
concerning  printing  of  Telemachus, 


319  ;  to  Rev.  Richard  Peters,  389  ; 
to  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne,  391,  392  ; 
memorial  of,  to  the  Supreme  Execu- 
tive Council,  1778,  395  ;  claim  of, 
to  the  Justices  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Pennsylvania,  1779,  396  ; 
to  John  Bayard,  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Assembly  of  Penna.,  1779, 
397;  to  John  Dickinson.  1779, 
398  ;  to  Robert  Loller,  1779,  400  ; 
petition  of,  to  House  of  Assembly, 
1779,  400,  401  ;  remonstrance  of, 
to  Supreme  Executive  Council,  401 ; 
General  Washington  sends  pass  to, 
to  visit  her  husband  in  Philadel- 
phia, 402 ;  to  Dr.  Thomas  Parke, 
1782,  402;  to  [Elias  Boudinot], 
403 ;  to  George  Meade,  404 ;  to 
Ann  Ridgely,  406  ;  to  Mrs.  Camp- 
bell  and  Mrs.  Frazer,  407 ;  sepa- 
ration from  Henry  Hugh  Fergus- 
son,  407  ;  lines  to  Juliana  Ritchie 
on  returning  a  miniature,  407,  408  ; 
friendship  of  Juliana  Ritchie  for, 
408 ;  letters  to,  from  Mary  Red- 
man, 283,  288,  289 ;  Hannah 
Griffitts,  286 ;  Anna  Searle,  286 ; 
Dr.  John  Redman,  287,  310  ;  Henry 
Hugh  Fergusson,  290  ;  Mary  Rober- 
deau,  285,  291;  Elias  Boudinot, 
291,  299,  311,  313,  319;  Andrew 
Robeson,  292,  293 ;  Sarah  Barton, 
297,  317  ;  Rev.  William  White,  298  ; 
Rev.  James  Abercrombie,  300.  304 ; 
Dr.  William  Smith,  308,  315; 
Henry  Hill,  309  ;  Hannah  Boudinot, 
312  ;  George  Meade,  314  ;  M.  Sted- 
man,  319 ;  Anna  Maria  Clifton, 
320 ;  John  Young,  390 ;  Gen.  An- 
thony Wayne,  392 
FERGUSSON,  HENRY  HUGH,  in- 
duces Elizabeth  Fergusson  to  be 
bearer  of  letter  from  Rev.  Jacob 
Duche  to  General  Washington,  257, 
258 ;  appointed  Commissary  of 
Prisoners  in  the  British  Army,  258, 
399,  402,  405  ;  marriage  to  Eliza- 
beth Graeme,  260 ;  to  Elizabeth 
Fergusson,  290  ;  not  an  inhabitant 
of  America  after  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence, 292,  293,  398,  402; 
attainted,  293  ;  list  of  furniture  to 
be  held  by  Elizabeth  Fergusson  un- 
til settlement  of  estate  of,  294- 
296 ;  articles  bought  by  Elizabeth 
Fergusson  at  public  sale  of  estate 
of,  296;  visits  Mrs.  Barton,  297; 
to  Elias  Boudinot,  393,  394  ;  writes 
regarding  British  prisoners,  393 ; 
signed  by,  1778,  394 ;  to 


Index. 


525 


Thomas  Bradford,  395  ;  proscribed 
in  Lancaster  paper,  395  ;  sails  for 
Bristol,  395  ;  embarks  to  Jamaica, 
396;  arrives  in  New  York,  396;  in 
Germantown,  396;  claim  of  Eliza- 
beth Fergusson  against  sale  of 
Graeme  Park  as  estate  of,  397,  398 ; 
personal  estate  sold,  398 ;  Commis- 
sary of  Prisoners,  399,  402,  405 ; 
separation  from  Elizabeth  Fergus- 
son,  407  ;  mentioned,  257,  284,  285, 
287,  289,  298,  315,  390,  401,  404, 
406 

FERREE,  BARR,  Year  Book  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Society  of  New  York, 
by,  notice  of,  256 

FILE,   MR.   -       — ,   426 

Finance,  Office  of,  Rules  for  Carrying 
out  Resolution  of  Congress,  1781, 
signed  by  Robert  Morris,  224 

FINLEY,  REV.  DR.  SAMUEL,  prin- 
cipal of  academy  at  Nottingham, 
Md.,  and  President  of  College  of  N. 
J.,  54 

Fire  Marks  of  American  Fire  Insur- 
ance Companies,  by  Harrold  E.  Gill- 
ingham,  notice  of.  125 

First  Coal  Mining  Company  of  the 
Lehigh  Region,  170 

FISHBOURNE,  WILLIAM,  trustee 
of  estate  of  Samuel  Cart,  481 

FISHER,  BILL,  324,  326,  329,  418 

FISHER,  COLEMAN,  331,  332,  416 

FISHER,  JOHN,  31,  32,   40,  41,  44 

FISHER,    MIERS,    404 

FISHER,   PEM.,   331 

FISHER,   R.,    325,   417 

FISHER,  S.  Rhoads.  332 

FISHER,  SALLY,  466,  468 

FISHER,  THOMAS,  403.  404 

FITZ  SIMONS,  -     — .  306 

FITZ    SIMONS,    THOMAS,    259 

Flag  of  Westmoreland  County  Bat- 
talion of  Associators  secured  by 
Commonwealth  of  Penna.,  244 

FLAMSTEAD,  -      — ,  35 

FLEMING,  HENRY,  228 

Forks  of  the  Delaware,  Dr.  Thomas 
Graeme  writes  to  Thomas  Penn 
about  establishing  at  town  at,  445- 
449 ;  settlements  of  Moravians  at, 
448,  449 

FORNEY,  COLONEL  JAMES.  95 

FORNEY,  JOHN  W.,  93,  95 

FORREST,  LIEUTENANT-COLONEL 
THOMAS,  Stock  Broker,  Philadel- 
phia, bill  of,  497 

Fort  Allen,  erection  of,  1756,  500 

Fort  Bedford,  483 

Fort  Carlisle,  483 


Fort  Casimir,  surrendered  to  the 
Swedes,  134  ;  name  changed  to  Port 
Trinity,  134  ;  mentioned,  137 

Fort  Christina  surrendered  to  the 
Dutch,  138 

Fort  Henry,  186,  187,  188,  189, 
190 

Fort  Island,  house  of  Joseph  Reed  on, 
to  be  converted  into  barracks,  232 ; 
bids  for  hospital  on,  233 

Fort  Ligonier,  483 

Fort  Pitt,  483 

Fort  Trinity,  Fort  Casimir  changed 
to,  134 

FOTHERGILL,  DR.  JOHN,  portrait 
of,  presented  to  Elizabeth  Fergus- 
son  by  Dr.  Thomas  Parke,  403; 
mentioned,  280,  282,  283,  403 

FOULK,  JOSEPH.  228 

Four  Gossipy  Letters,  selected  by  J. 
C.  Wylie,  462 

FOUSE  (Fauss),  THEOBALD,  Gen- 
ealogy of  the  Descendants  of,  by 
Gaius  Marcus  Brumbaugh,  notice 
of,  252 

FOX,    GEORGE,   325 

FRALEY,   FREDERICK,   93 

FRANCIS,   TENCH,  2 

FRANCIS,  COLONEL  TURBUTT, 
Fourth  Battalion,  Pennsylvania 
Provincials,  commanded  by,  227 

FRANKLIN,  BENJAMIN,  Director  of 
the  Library  Company  of  Philadel« 
phia,  450,  452,  453 

FRANKLIN,  BENJAMIN,  by  B. 
Lawrence  Dudley,  notice  of,  509 

FRANKLIN,  THOMAS,  306 

FRANKLIN,  WALTER,  322,  328 

FRANKLIN,  WILLIAM,  love  affair 
with  Elizabeth  Graeme,  259,  260, 
268,  272 ;  appointed  Governor  of 
New  Jersey,  259 ;  marriage  to 
Elizabeth  Downes,  259 ;  to  Eliza- 
beth Gneme,  260,  261,  262,  263; 
prisoner  of  war,  Colonel  Swope  to 
be  exchanged  for,  394  ;  mentioned, 
267,  268 

FRANKS,  JUDGE,  poem  by,  474 

FRAZER,  MR. ,  388 

FRAZER.  MRS.  ,  Elizabeth 

Fergusson  to,  1798,  407 

FRAZER,  COLONEL  REAH,  Hon. 
Simon  Cameron  to,  1851,  495 

FREAME,  MISS  -^ ,  276 

FREMONT,   CAPTAIN  JOHN  C.,   90 

FRENCH,  GENERAL  WILLIAM  H., 
attends  dinner  of  the  Aztec  Club, 
92 

"FRENCH"  MARGARET,  niece  of 
Madam  Montour,  442,  443,  444 


526 


Index. 


Friedensthal,  349.  350 
FULLERTON,  ANN,  80 


GAGE,  GENERAL  THOMAS,  effect 
of  Proclamation  of,  in  Philadel- 
phia, 391 

GA1NES,  GENERAL  EDMUND  P., 
and  wife,  entertained  by  General 
Robert  Patterson,  90;  mentioned, 
411,  415,  416,  418,  421,  422 

GALLATIN,  ALBERT,  demonstration 
on  arrival  at  Reading,  65,  66 

GALLOWAY,  JOSEPH,  267 

GARDNER,  MRS. ,  328 

GARRICK,  DAVID,  interest  of,  in 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
48,  51 

GARTSIDE,  MR. ,  282 

GARTSIDE,  MRS. ,  274,  275, 

279,  282,  386 

Gazette  of  the  United  States,  cut- 
tings from,  1800,  237 

GEDDES,  WILLIAM,  196 

GEDDY,  WILLIAM,  memorial  to 
Congress,  August,  1779,  signed  by, 
481 

Genealogical  Society  of  Pennsylvania, 
The,  Publications  of,  notice  of, 
254 

GEORGE  III  and  CHARLES  FOX, 
by  Right  Hon.  Sir  George  Otto 
Trevelyan,  notice  of,  124 

George  Washington,  ship,  advertise- 
ment  of  sale  of,  228 

German  Redemptioners.  239 

Gibbet  Island  (Liberty  Island),  de- 
scription of  fortifications  on,  427 

GIBSON,  MR.  ,  City  Hotel, 

New  York,  kept  by,  427 

GIFFORD,  MR.  ,  prisoner  of 

war,  102,  103,  104 

GILBERT,  ,  316 

GILBERT,  THOMAS,  42 

GILCHRIST,  MISS  A.  M.,  incidents 
connected  with  the  history  of  Bed- 
ford, Penna.,  by,  228 

GILL,  THOMAS,  34 

GILLESPIE,  MRS. ,  317 

GILLINGHAM,  HARROLD  E.,  Fire 
Marks  of  American  Fire  Insur- 
ance Companies,  by,  notice  of,  125 

GIRARD,  JOHN,  Supercargo  of  the 
ship  Good  Friends,  98 

GIRARD,  STEPHEN,  owner  of  the 
ship  Good  Friends,  98;  Joseph 
Curwen  to,  103,  104,  106 ;  William 
Adgate  to,  105,  107  ;  Baring  Bros. 
&  Co.  to,  106  ;  mentioned,  99,  100, 
102 


GJERSET,  KNUT,  History  of  the 
Norwegian  People  by,  notice  of, 
510 

GLASGOW,  GEORGE,  26 

GLEN,  HENRY,  Lord  Stirling  to, 
1781,  497 

GLENTWORTH,  DR.  GEORGE,  obit- 
uary  of,  377 

GLENTWORTH.  LIEUTENANT 
JAMES,  of  the  Penna.  Line,  revo- 
lutionary service  of,  490.  491 

GLENTWORTH,  THEODORE,  3d, 
118 

Gnadenhutten,  massacre  by  Indians 
at,  347  ;  extracts  from  letters  from 
camp  at,  1756,  500 

Gnadenthal,  345,  350,  352 

GODEY,  LOUIS  A.,  93 

GODFREY,  THOMAS,  Director  of  the 
Library  Company  of  Philadelphia, 
450,  452,  453 

Good  Friends,  ship,  story  of  the,  98  ; 
owned  by  Stephen  Girard,  98 

GOODING,  ABRAHAM,  43 

GOODMAN,  COLONEL  H.  E.,  95 

GOODMAN,  MAJOR  W.  E.,  95 

GOODSON,  JOB,  Executor  and 
Trustee  of  estate  of  Samuel  Cart, 
481 

GORDON,,  484 

GORDON,  PATRICK,  petition  of 
Springett  Penn  and  Hannah  Penn, 
nominating,  209.  210 

GORHAM,  see  Bonham 

GORHAM,   GOVERNOR,  92 

Gossipy  letter  of  a  soldier  of  the 
Revolution,  1781,  491 

Governor's  Island,  description  of  for- 
tifications on,  427,  433 

GOVETT,  WILLIAM,  and  other 
officers  of  the  Treasury  Depart^ 
ment,  memorial  of,  to  Congress, 
August,  1779,  480  ;  mentioned,  196 

GRAEME,  267,  273 

GRAEME,  MR.  — ,  of  South 

Carolina,  386 

GR.EME,  ANN  (Diggs),  to  Elizabeth 
Graeme,  259,  269;  wife  of  Dr. 
Thomas  Graeme,  267 ;  Margaret 
Abercrombie  to,  267 ;  mentioned, 
268,  269 

GR^ME,  ELIZABETH,  see  also 
Fergusson,  Elizabeth 

GRAEME,  ELIZABETH,  love  affair 
with  William  Franklin,  259,  260; 
marriage  to  Henry  Hugh  Fergus- 
son,  260 ;  translates  Fenelon's 
Telemaque,  260 ;  parents  of,  267 ; 
to  Rev.  Richard  Peters.  385 ;  ta 
,  386  ;  letters  to,  from,  Dr. 


Index. 


527 


Thomas  Graeme,  259,  272;  Ann 
Gneme,  259,  269;  William  Frank- 
lin, 260,  261,  262,  263  ;  Eliza  Sted- 
man,  268,  277,  279  ;  James  Young, 
273;  Rev.  iRichard  Peters,  273, 
274,  275,  278,  281,  283;  Juliana 
Ritchie,  279,  280;  mentioned,  267, 
388 

GR/EME,  MARY,  wife  of  James 
Young,  273 

GRAEME,  DR.  THOMAS,  to  Eliza- 
beth Grseme,  259,  272 ;  to  Rev. 
Richard  Peters,  388 ;  sale  of  Moya- 
mensing  lots  for  payments  of  debts 
of,  389 ;  to  Thomas  Penn,  1756, 
445  ;  mentioned,  267. 

Qrceme  Park,  owned  by  Dr.  William 
Smith,  315,  316;  headquarters  of 
General  Wayne,  392,  393;  claim  of 
Elizabeth  Pergusson  against  sale 
of,  as  estate  of  Henry  Hugh  Fer- 
gusson,  397,  398 

GRAHAM,  COLONEL  ,  386 

GRAHAM,  ANN,  mother  of  General 
Robert  Patterson,  80 

GRAHAM,  THOMAS.  80 

GRANT,  CAPTAIN  ARTHUR,  play- 
bill of  benefit  for  the  Colleges  of 
Philadelphia  and  New  York,  1763, 
presented  to  The  Historical  Society 
of  Pennsylvania  by,  48 

GRANT,  LIEUTENANT-COLONEL 
FREDERICK  D.,  attends  dinner  of 
the  Aztec  Club,  92 

GRANT,  ULYSSES  S.,  by  Franklin 
Spencer  Edmonds,  notice  of,  508 

GRANT,  GENERAL  ULYSSES  S.,  92, 
93,  94 

Granville  Penn  Collection,  The.  se- 
cured by  The  Historical  Society  of 
Penna.,  504 

GRATZ,  -      — ,  332,  412.  416 

GRATZ,  LIEUTENANT  BENJAMIN, 
327,  413,  417,  419r  422 

GRATZ,  JOSEPH,  324,  325,  328, 
329 

GRATZ,  SIMON,  Some  Material  for 
a  Biography  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fer- 
gusson,  n£e  Graeme,  by,  257,  385 

GRAVEN  RE  AT,  genealogical  query, 
121 

GRAVENROD,  genealogical  query, 
121 

GRAY,   GEORGE,  308 

GRAY,  JOHN,  petitioner  to  King  in 
behalf  of  Sir  William  Keith,  212- 
215 

GREELY,   HORACE,  90 

GREENWOOD,  FREDERICK,  328 

GREY,  LADY  JANE,  92 


GREY,  WILLIAM,  30 

GRIFFITH,  DR.  ,  423 

GRIFFITH,  JOHN  T.,  415 
GRIFFITH,  SAMUEL,  injured,  423 
GRIFFITTS,   HANNAH,  to  Elizabeth 

Fergusson,  1775,  286 

GROSS,  DR.  — ,  93 

GRUBB,   CURTIS,   232 

GRUBE,  REV.  BERNARD  A.,  Journal 

of,  1753,  440 ;  mentioned,  441,  442 
GRUNDY,  FELIX,  90 
Guerriere,    frigate,    launch    of,    329, 

330 

GUEST,  JONATHAN,  415 
Gulic's  Mill,  condition  of  road  from 

Trenton  to,  426 
"Gustavus  Vasa,"  A  play  performed 

at  the  College  of  Philadelphia,  309 


HACKETT,    JOHN,    to    Nicholas    H. 

Eberhardt,  245 
Halcyon,  ship  from  Philadelphia,  at 

Hudson,  New  York,   429 
HALE,    NATHAN,    by   Jean   Christie 

Root,  notice  of,  383 
HALL,  53 

HALL,  DAVID,  7.  39 
HALL,  JOSEPH,  53 
HALL,  SUSAN  HARVEY,  53 
HALLOWELL,  JOHN,  327,  328 
HAM,  ANTHONY,  30,  32,  35 
HAMILTON,  JAMES,  at  Schenectady, 

430 
HAMILTON,     GOVERNOR     JAMES, 

447 

HAMILTON,  ROBERT,  119 
HAMPTON,  Q.  M.,  331 
HANCOCK,  JOHN,  chair  used  by,  111 
HANCOCK,    GENERAL    WINFIELD 

SCOTT,  93,  94 
Hancock  Chair,  111 
Hancock's  Town,  160 
HAND,  GENERAL  EDWARD,  118 
HANSON,  TIMOTHY,  29 
HARCOURT,   LADY,   92 
HARDCASTLE,  CAPTAIN  B.  L.  F., 

attends  dinner  of  the  Aztec  Club, 

92 

HARDWICK,  REV.  ,  306 

HARE,    ROBERT,    marriage    of,    to 

Margaret  Willing,  286 
HARLAN,  484 
Hurley's,  424 
Harmonites,  The  Passing  of  the,  by 

Rev.   Clarence  Edward  Macartney, 

337 
Harmony,  Penna.,  community  of  the 

Harmonites     founded     by     George 

Rapp  at,  338 


528 


Index. 


HARPER,  LILLIE  DU  PUY  VAN 
CULIN,  Colonial  Men  and  Times, 
by,  notice  of,  384 ;  errata  in,  494 

HARRIS,  J.,  154 

HARRISON,  HENRY,  423 

HARRISON,  SERGEANT  SAMUEL 
B.,  419 

HARRISON,  WILLIAM,  to  C.  P. 
Oerter,  246 

HARRY,  ENSIGN  DAVID,  gives  ac- 
count of  murder  and  persons  taken 
by  Indians,  187;  mentioned,  186, 
187,  188,  189,  190 

HART,  484 

HART,  JOHN,  Clerk  of  Commission- 
ers,  Pennsylvania-Maryland  bound- 
ary dispute,  37 

HARTRANPT,  GOVERNOR  JOHN 
F.,  94 

HASELTINE,  CHARLES  F.,  489 

HAWLEY,  CAPTAIN,  of  the  ship 
Good  Friends,  99 

HAWKINS,  ,  421 

HAWKINS,   WILLIAM,   334.   417 

HAWKS,  MRS. ,  426 

HAYES,  PATRICK,  119 

HEATON,  JOS.,  47 

HEATON,  WILLIAM,  32 

Heidelberg,  441 

HENDERSON.  ROBERT.  35 

HENDERSON,  WILLIAM,  letter  of, 
1781,  491 

HENRY,  genealogical  query,  119, 
120 

HENRY,  COL.  ,  10,  12,  13 

HENRY,  ALEXANDER,  93 

HENRY,  ANN,  113 

HENRY,  GRANVILLE,  113 

HENRY,  JAMES,  113 

HENRY,  HON.  JOHN  JOSEPH,  to 
John  Donaldson,  1800,  109;  men- 
tioned, 113.  243 

HENRY,  GENERAL  PATRICK.  152 

HENRY,  ROBERT  JENKINS,  2 

HENRY,  HON.  WILLIAM,  113 

HENRY,  HON.  WILLIAM,  JR.,  Boul- 
ton  Gun  Works  erected  by,  113 ; 
sketch  of,  113  ;  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Lehigh  Coal  Mine  Company, 
170 ;  lays  out  town  of  Lehigh  ton, 
170  ;  contracts  for  rifles,  1776,  233  ; 
mentioned,  171 

HENRY,  WILLIAM,  3d,  113 

HERGESHEIMER,    ANTHONY,    228 

HERRING,  GENERAL  CHARLES  P., 
94 

Hibernian  Society,  entertained  by 
General  Robert  Patterson,  93 

HILL,  MR.  ,  405 

HILL,  THOMAS.  30 


HILL,  HENRY,  to  Elizabeth  Fergus- 
son,  309 ;  merchant  of  Philadel- 
phia, 310  ;  mentioned,  306 

HILLEGAS,  MICHAEL,  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Lehigh  Coal  Mine 
Company,  170 

HILLMAN,  -  — ,  wife  of,  daughter 
of  David  Prestin,  birth  of  a  child, 
1755,  348 

HIRM,  COLONEL  NICHOLAS.  228 

Historical  Commission  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, First  Report  of,  1915,  notice 
of,  255 

Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania, 
excerpts  from  the  Report  of  the 
Council  of,  1914,  353;  Treasurer's 
Report,  353 ;  Librarian's  Report, 
356 ;  meetings,  362 ;  flag  of  the 
Merchant's  Troop  of  Philadelphia 
presented  by  George  M.  Newhall, 
497  ;  the  Granville  Penn  Collection 
secured  by,  504 ;  officers  of,  513 ; 
stated  meetings,  516 

History  of  England  and  the  British 
Empire,  The,  by  Arthur  D.  Innes, 
notice  of,  508 

History  of  Land  Titles  in  the  Vicinity 
of  Quakertown,  N.  J.,  by  Mary  C. 
Vail,  notice  of,  256 

History  of  the  Norwegian  People,  by 
Knut  Gjerset,  notice  of,  510 

History  of  the  Public  Schools  of 
Catasaqua,  Penna.,  by  James  B. 
Laux  and  Charles  R.  Horn,  notice 
of,  128 

History  of  the  Western  Boundary  of 
the  Louisiana  Purchase,  1819-1841, 
by  Thomas  Maitland  Marshall, 
notice  of,  254 

HOCKLEY,  MR.  ,  445 

HOCKLEY,  RICHARD,  Richard 
Peters  to,  1753,  239 

HODGDON,  MISS ,  423 

HODGE,  -      — ,  420 

HOETH,  FREDERICK,  family  killed 
or  taken  prisoners  by  the  Indians, 
348  ;  mentioned,  352 

HOFF,  see  HUFF 

HOFF,  383 

HOFFMAN,  GENERAL,  94 

HOLCOMB,  RICHARD.  43 

HOLLAND,  RUPERT  S.,  William 
Penn,  by,  notice  of,  509 

HOLLIDAY,   JOHN,   228 

HOLLINGSWORTH,  MRS. , 

323 

HOLMES,  C.  &  ABEL,  324 

HOLMS,  JOHN,  birth  of  son  of.  40  ; 
mentioned,  31,  38,  41 

HOLT,  ELIZABETH,  6 


Index. 


529 


HOLT  CHIEF  JUSTICE  RYVES, 
Commissioner,  Pennsylvania-Mary- 
land boundary  dispute,  biographical 
notes  of,  6  ;  mentioned,  2,  9,  11,  12, 
14,  16,  18,  28 

HOLT,   SAMUEL,   6 

HOPKINS,  MRS.  ,  324 

HOPKINS,  G.,  marriage  of,  to  Ann 
R.,  424 

HOPKINSON,  MR.  ,  269 

HOPKINSON,  FRANCIS,  306,  417 

HOPKINSON,  THOMAS,  Director  of 
the  Library  Company  of  Philadel- 
phia, 450,  452,  453 

HORN,  CHARLES  R.,  History  of  the 
Public  Schools  of  Catasaqua, 
Penna.,  by  James  B.  Laux  and, 
notice  of,  128 

HOUSTON,  SAM,  90 

How  to  Teach  American  History,  by 
John  W.  Wayland,  notice  of,  127 

HOWE,  GENERAL  SIR  WILLIAM, 
wounded,  289 ;  care  of  wounded 
after  Battle  of  Brandywine,  392 ; 
orders  of,  with  regard  to  British 
prisoners,  393,  394 ;  mentioned, 
399,  402,  405 

HUBLEY,  FREDERICK,  228 

HUDSON,  ABSALOM,  23,  24 

HUDSON,   DAVID,   24 

HUDSON,  GEORGE,  23 

HUDSON,   WILLIAM,   23 

HUET,  DR.  ,  274 

HUFF,  383 

HUFF,  genealogical  query,  120,  121 

Hufjo'a  Tavern,  331 

HUGHES,  GEORGE,  37 

HUIRY,  MISS ,  428 

HUME,  505 

HUMPHREYS,  LIEUTENANT  SAM- 
UEL, 186,  190,  191 

HUNTER,  COLONEL  ,  74 

HUNTER,  MRS.  ,  386 

HUS,  JOHN,  The  Martyr  of  Bohemia, 
by  W.  N.  Schwarze,  notice  of,  383 

HUTCHINS,  HANNAH,  40 

HUTCHINSON,  SURGEON  JAMES, 
in  camp  at  Valley  Forge,  221 

Illinois,  The  County  Archives  of  the 
State  of,  by  Theodore  Calvin  Pease, 
notice  of,  511 

In  the  Footsteps  of  Napoleon,  by 
James  Morgan,  Notice  of,  510 

Independence  Hall,  Catalogue  of  Por- 
traits And  Other  Works  of  Art  in, 
by  Wilfred  Jordan,  notice  of,  256 

Indian  Names,  Right,  Rev.  John 
Ettwein  writes  to  Hon.  Arthur  Lee 
concerning,  219 

VOL.  XXXIX.— 34 


Indian  War,  1755-1756,  Six  Months 
on  the  Frontier  of  Northampton 
County,  Pa.,  during,  345 ;  Life  in  a 
Frontier  Fort  During,  Diary  of 
Captain  Jacob  Morgan,  1758,  186 

Indiana  Company,  502 

Indiana,  Meeting  of  Proprietors  of, 
116 

Indians,  incursions  of,  346-352;  List 
of  Goods  for  Presents  to,  at  Onon- 
dago,  244  ;  Massacre  by,  at  Gnaden- 
hutten,  347 ;  seven  hundred  dol- 
lars reward  for  heads  of  Shingas 
and  Captain  Jacobs,  Chiefs  of  the 
Delaware  Indians,  500 

INGERSOLL,  EDWARD,  323,  326, 
329,  411,  412,  415,  417 

INGERSOLL,  JOSEPH  R.,  elected 
Major  First  Regiment  Penna.  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  334 ;  mentioned, 
332,  335,  410,  411,  415,  417,  418 

1NGHAM,  JONATHAN,  31,  32,  40, 
43,  44 

INNES,  ARTHUR  D.,  The  History  of 
England  and  the  British  Empire, 
by,  notice  of,  508 

INSKEEF,  A.  H.,  of  Bradford  &  Ins- 
keep,  428 ;  mentioned,  433 

INSKEEP,  JOHN,  226 

Insurance  Company  of  North  Amer- 
ica, advertisement  of,  1809,  226 

Iron  Masters,  Early  Correspondence 
with,  245 

IRVINE,  REV.  ,  306 

IRVINE,  GENERAL  WILLIAM,  to 
Hon.  James  Searle,  1780,  117 

IRWIN,  JAMES,  228 


JACKSON,  MRS.  :,  312 

JACKSON,    PRESIDENT    ANDREW, 

reception    to,    by    General    Robert 

Patterson.  91 
JACKSON,  JOHN,  119 
JACOBS,    CAPTAIN,    seven    hundred 

dollars  reward  for  head  of,  500 
JAMES,  G.  P.  R.,  88 
JAMES,  JOHN  O.,  95 
JAMESON,  484 
Japan  to  America,  notice  of,  255 

JAUNCEY,  MRS.  ,  305 

JAY,    SIR   JAMES,   goes   to  England 

to    collect    money    for   King's    Col- 
lege, 49 
JEFFREYS,  EDWARD,  Petitioner  to 

King    in    behalf    of    Sir    William 

Keith,  212-215 
JENNINGS,   EDMUND,  2 
JENNINGS,     CAPTAIN     SOLOMON, 

348,  349 


530 


Index. 


-,  Gaoler,  163 


JEWELL,  - 

John  Adams,  frigate,  429 

JOHNSON,  -      — ,  147,  148 

JOHNSON,  AMANDUS,  Ph.D.,  John 
Classon  Rising,  by,  129 

JOHNSON,  FRANK,  91 

JOHNSON,  REVERDY,   90 

JOHNSON,  ROBERT,  325 

JOHNSTON,  GENERAL  JOSEPH  E., 
93 

JONES,  DANIEL,  testimony  of 
Friends'  Meeting  against,  34 

JONES,  COLONEL  JOHN,  to  Cffisar 
Rodney,  1780,  109 

JONES,  JOHN,  JR.,  Director  of  the 
Library  Company  of  Philadelphia, 
450,  452,  453 

JONES,  CAPTAIN  JOHN  PAUL,  at 
Bethlehem,  Penna.,  1783,  244 

JONES,  JOSEPH,  322,  324,  326 

JONES,  P.,  to  C.  F.  Oerter,  246,  247 

JONES,  THOMAS,  Surveyor  for  Lord 
Baltimore,  2 ;  mentioned,  26,  497 

JONES,  WILLIAM,  15,  16,  19,  22 

JORDAN,  JOHN,  JR.,  93 

JORDAN,  JOHN  W.,  Penn  versus 
Baltimore,  Journal  of  John  Wat- 
son, by,  1 ;  Orders  of  March  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Line  from  Valley 
Forge,  by,  221;  Major  J.  H.  T. 
Cornish  Bowden  to,  concerning  the 
affair  at  Paoli,  241 

JORDAN,  WILFRED,  Catalogue  of 
the  Portraits  and  Other  Works  of 
Art  in  Independence  Hall,  by, 
notice  of,  256 

KAIL,  WILLIAM,  39 

KANE.  DR.  ELISHA  KENT,  90 

KASKE,  BROTHER,  441 

KAUKER,  NICHOLAS,  wife  and  chil- 
dren attacked  by  Indians,  187 

KAYS.  MISS  ,  285 

KEIM,  CAPTAIN  DANIEL  DE  B.. 
417 

KEITH,  CHARLES  P.,  Chronicles  of 
Pennsylvania  From  the  English 
Revolution  to  the  Peace  of  Aix-la- 
Chapelle,  by,  notice  of,  512 

KEITH,  SIR  WILLIAM,  appointed 
Deputy-Governor  of  Pennsylvania, 
1717,  202 ;  assumes  title  and  power 
of  Governor,  203 ;  issues  paper 
money  and  passes  laws  against 
opinion  of  the  Council,  204,  205; 
Mrs.  Penn  writes  letter  of  instruc- 
tion to,  205 ;  replies  to  same,  205 ; 
influences  people  against  Proprie- 
tor's family,  205,  209;  Colonel 
Spotswood  uses  interest  with  the 


Proprietor's    family    in    behalf    of, 

206,  207;  Petition  of  Creditors  of, 

207,  212;     Petition    of    Springett 
Penn   and    Hannah    Penn   nominat- 
ing   Patrick    Gordon    in    place    of, 
209 ;  Petition  of  Colonel  Spotswood 
in  behalf  of,  210 

KELLEY,  JUDGE  W.  D.,  95 

KEMBLE,  FRANCES  ANNE,  90 

KEMP,  MRS. — ,  285 

KENNEDY,  484 

Kensington,  Ship  from  Philadelphia, 
at  Hudson,  New  York,  429 

Kentucky,  Pennsylvanians  in,  483 

KEOKUK,  reception  to,  by  General 
Robert  Patterson,  91 

KEPLINGER,  CORPORAL  PHILIP, 
187,  188,  189,  190 

KERN,  ADJUTANT  JACOB,  190 

KERSEY,  JESSE,  324 

KEYSER,  BENJAMIN.  225 

KEYSER,   JACOB,   225 

KEYSER,  JOSEPH,  225       , 

KIEFER,  MARX,  blacksmith,  441 

KIMMEL,  DR.   JOHN,   111 

KIMMEL,  PHILIP,  111 

King's  College,  see  Columbia  Univer- 
sity 

KIRKBRIDE,  JOSEPH,  trustee  of 
estate  of  Samuel  Cart,  481 

KIRKLAND,  MOSES,  prisoner,  161 

KITTERA,  JOHN  M.,  332,  334 

KLEIN,  genealogical  query,  119,  120 

KNOX.  DR.  ,  274 

KRUMBHAAR,  L.,  228 


LA  BARM,  DR.  ,  stationed  at 

Albany,  431 

LAFAYETTE,  MARQUIS  DE,  The 
Coopers  of  Philadelphia  present 
Lafayette  with  some  Pennsylvania 
Whiskey,  489 

Lake  Family  Genealogy,  by  Arthur 
Adams  and  Sarah  A.  Risley,  notice 
of,  510 

LAMBERT,   WILLIAM  H.,  98 

LAMBOURN'S,  421 

LAMMOT,  ,  327 

Lancaster  County  Battalion,  at  Phila- 
delphia and  Long  Island,  235 

LANDIS,  HON.  CHARLES  I.,  con- 
tributes copy  of  will  of  Isaac 
Miranda,  498 

LAUBACH,  CAPTAIN  .  350 

LAURENS,  HENRY,  imprisoned  in 
Tower  of  London,  bail  for  secured, 
501 

LAURENS,  COLONEL  JOHN,  248, 
375 


Index. 


531 


LAUX,  JAMBS  B.,  History  of  the 
Public  Schools  of  Catasauqua, 
Penna.,  by  Charles  R.  Horn  and, 
notice  of,  128;  Duer  Family  Bible 
Records,  contributed  by,  218 

LAWRENCE.  465,  466 

LEA,  HENRY  C.,  93 

LEAKING,  FISHER,  325 

Lebanon  Races,  advertised  in  Penn- 
sylvania Chronicle,  1768,  225 

LEE,  HON.  ARTHUR,  Right  Rev. 
John  Ettwein  to,  219 

LEE,  GENERAL  CHARLES,  to  at- 
tend committee  to  view  Fort 
Island,  232;  prisoner  of  war,  to 
accompany  Mr.  Loring  and  Major 
Williams  to  Philadelphia,  394 

LEE,  THOMAS,  46 

LEE,  WILLIAM,  46 

LEECH,  JACOB,  death  of.  33 

LEET,  ISAAC,  43 

Lehigh  Coal  Company,  acquires 
property  of  the  Lehigh  Coal  Mine 
Company,  171 

Lehigh  Coal  Mine  Company,  organ- 
ized 1792,  170;  leased  by  Miner, 
Cist  &  Robinson,  171 ;  comes  into 
possession  of  the  Lehigh  Coal 
Company,  171 ;  prospectus  of,  1792, 
171-175 

Lehigh  Region,  The  First  Coal  Min- 
ing Company  of  the,  170 

Lehighton,  town  of,  laid  out  by  Judge 
William  Henry,  1810,  170 

Lehoy  Creek,  190 

LESTLER.    GEORGE   LEWIS.   227 

LEVAN,  ADJUTANT  ABRAHAM. 
333 

LEVERGOOD,  ,  killed  by 

Indians,  187 

LE  VERT,  MADAME,  89 

LEVY,  MOSES,  328 

LEWIS,  ,  306,  327 

LEWIS.  SARAH,  4 

Lexington,  Battle  of,  391 

L'HOMMEDIEU,  EZRA,  to  John 
Taylor,  1781,  242 

Liberty  Island,  247 

Librarian's  Report,  The  Historical 
Society  of  Pennsylvania,  1914,  356 

Library  Company  of  Philadelphia, 
Early  Documents  of  the,  1733-34, 
450 ;  Memorandum  of  Agreement 
between  Benjamin  Franklin  and 
others,  and  William  Parsons,  Li- 
brarian, 450 ;  Nomination  of  John 
Mifflin  for  Membership  in,  453 

Life  in  a  Frontier  Fort  During  the 
Indian  War,  diary  of  Captain 
Jacob  Morgan,  1758,  186 


Linden,  441 

LINDMOOD,    CORPORAL    GEORGE, 

186,  190,  191 
LINDSAY,  484 
LINNARD,  LIEUTENANT  JAMES 

M.,   Company    of   Artillery    of,    or- 

dered to  New  Castle,  419 
LIPPINCOTT,  J.  B.,  95 
Lititz    Hospital,    George    Telson    in, 

1778,  232 

LITTLE,  MR.  --  ,  325 
Little  Town,  160 
Livesey,  Joseph,  30 
LOGAN,  483 
LOGAN.    CAPTAIN    JOHN,    son    of 

Shikellemy,  441 
LOGAN,  S.,  466 
LOGAN,   WILLIAM   &  CO.,    to  John 

Brownfleld,  245 
LOLLARD,   ROBERT,   306 
LOLLER,    ROBERT,   Member   of   the 

Assembly    of    Penna.,    400  ;    Eliza- 

beth Fergusson  to,  1779,  400 
Lomax   Family  Genealogy,  notice   of, 

125 

LONG,  NICHOLAS,  187 
LORING,    MR.    --  ,    prisoner    of 

war,  to  accompany  General  Lee  and 

Major    Williams    to    Philadelphia, 

394 
Louisiana  Genealogy,  Material  for,  by 

William  Beer,  110 
LOWBER,  -  ,  329 
LOWERY,  MR.  -  —  ,  427 
LOWTHER.  HANNAH,  46 
Loyalist   Organizations   in  the  Revo- 

lutionary War,  493 
LUCKENBACH,  ADAM,  230 
LUDWIG,  CHRISTOPHER,  233 
LUSH,    GEORGE,    prisoner    of    war, 

General  Howe  desires  to  exchange 

Christopher  Sower,  Jr.,  for,  394 
LUSK,   DAVID,  228 
LYLE.  JAMES,  at  Schenectady,  430 
LYON,  JOSEPH,  497 


Town,  160 

MACARTNEY,  REV.  CLARENCE 
EDWARD,  The  Passing  of  the 
Harmonites  by,  337  ;  Celestial  City, 
by,  484 

McBETII,  JEAN,  80 

McBRIDE,  484 

McCALL.  MR.  --  ,  389,  417,  420 

McCALL,  RICHARD,  Aide-de-camp, 
334  ;  mentioned,  411,  412,  420 

McCALLA,  378 

McCALLA,  ANDREW,  Declaration 
of,  for  a  Pension,  for  military  ser- 
vice during  the  Revolution,  378 


532 


Index. 


McCLAIN,  SOL.,  44 

McCLELLAN,  GENERAL  GEORGE 
B.,  '.»:; 

McCLENACHAN,  MR.  ,  315 

McCLURE,  —     ,  329 

McCREA,  249 

McCREA,  ,  423,  424 

McCREA,  JOHN,  323,  325,  326,  327, 
329,  330,  415 

McCREA,  DR.  WILLIAM  ARCHI- 
BALD, query  regarding,  249 

McCULLOH,  CAPT.  BENJAMIN, 
90 

MCDONALD,  Major,  prisoner  of  war, 
163 

McDOUGALL,  WILLIAM,  Dancing 
School  of,  115 

McELMELL,  Chief  Engineer  Jackson, 
95 

McGLATHERY,  JAMES  &  CO.,  226 

McHENRY,  DR.  JAMES,  233 

MACK,  BROTHER  MARTIN,  441, 
442 

McKAIN,  genealogical  query,  120, 
121 

McKEAN,  Chief  Justice  Thomas, 
interests  himself  in  case  of  Eliza- 
beth Fergusson,  302,  305 ;  Caesar 
A.  Rodney  to,  1813,  454 ;  to  Caesar 
A.  Rodney,  1813,  455;  to  John 
Adams,  1814,  458;  mentioned,  162, 
293,  296,  299,  306 

MACKENZIE,  CAPTAIN , 

Secretary  to  General  Howe,  402 

MACKEY,  DAVID,  228 
MCLEAN.  DR. ,  415 

McLEAN,  Lieutenant  prisoner  of 
war,  164 

McMICHAEL,  MORTON,  93 

McPHERSON,  ,  150 

Madeira  Wine  for  Lord  Stirling, 
1781,  496 

MADOX,  MRS.  ,  404 

MAGAW,  SAMUEL,  238 

MAGRUDER,  PRINCE  JOHN,  93 

MAGRUDER,  GENERAL  JOHN  B., 
93 

MAN,  DANIEL,  227 

MANIGAULT,  ,  335,  420 

MANLOVE,  B.,  167 

MARKS,  CORPORAL,  187 

Marriage  Licenses,  Pennsylvania, 
1742-1748,  176,  364,  434 

MARRYATT,  CAPTAIN  FRED- 
ERICK, 88 

MARSHAL,  DAVID,  29 

Marshal's  Office,  orders  regarding 
British  Prisoners',  1814,  503 

MARSHALL,  CHRISTOPHER,  30 

MARSHALL,  MOSES,  43 


MARSHALL,  THOMAS  MAITLAND, 
A  History  of  the  Western  Bound- 
ary of  the  Louisiana  Purchase, 
1819-1841,  by,  notice  of,  254 

MARTIN.  -      — ,  280 

MARTIN,   GOVERNOR  JOSIAH,   154 

MARTIN,  RICHARD,  119 

MARTIN,  THOMAS,  119 

MARTYN,  MR.  —      — ,  447 

Mary-Ann  Forge  and  Plantation,  ad- 
vertisement of  sale  of.  238 

Maryland  Continental  Line,  take  up 
winter  quarters  at  Wilmington, 
1777,  378 

Maryland  Records,  vol.  1,  by  Gains 
Marcus  Brumbaugh,  notice  of,  511 

MASON,  COLONEL  GEORGE,  148 

MATLACK,  TIMOTHY,  294 

MATTHEWS,  SERGEANT  ED- 
MUND, 186,  187,  188,  189,  190 

Material  for  Louisiana  Genealogy,  by 
William  Beer,  110 

MAXWELL,  GENERAL  WILLIAM, 
108 

Mead's  Mill,  154 

MEADE,  MRS.  ,  321 

MEADE,  CATHERINE  MARY,  tablet 
to,  in  Church  of  St.  Botolph, 
London,  118 

MEADE,  GEORGE,  to  Elizabeth 
Fergusson,  1791,  314;  Merchant  ol 
Philadelphia,  315;  Elizabeth  Fer- 
gusson to,  404 ;  mentioned,  302, 
304,  305,  306,  312,  315,  320 

MEADE,  COLONEL  GEORGE,  95 

MEADE,  RICHARD,  321 

Medical  Graduates  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania.  122,  250,  381,  507 

Memorial  of  William  Govett  and 
Other  Officers  of  the  Treasury  De- 
partment to  Congress,  August, 
1779,  480 

MERCER,  GENERAL  HUGH,  Third 
Battalion  Pennsylvania  Provin- 
cials, commanded  by,  227 

Merchant's  Troop  of  Philadelphia, 
flag  of,  presented  to  The  Histori- 
cal Society  of  Pennsylvania,  by 
George  M.  Newhall,  497 

MEYERS,  CAPTAIN  HENRY,  421 

MIFFLIN,  LIEUTENANT  , 

410,  411,  412,  413,  414,  415,  419, 
422,  423 

MIFFLIN,  JOHN,  nomination  of,  for 
membership  in  the  Library  Com- 
pany of  Philadelphia,  1734,  452 

MIFFLIN,  JOHN  R.,  elected  Captain 
First  Company  Washington  Guards, 
335  ;  mentioned,  334 

MIFFLIN,  THOMAS,  259,  306 


Index. 


533 


MIFFLIN.  GENERAL  THOMAS, 
order  of  March  of  division  of, 
from  Valley  Forge,  221,  222 

MILES,  COLONEL  SAMUEL,  pris- 
oner of  war  on  parole,  ordered  to 
Headquarters,  394 

MILLER,  Justice  of  Maryland,  19 

MILLER,  REV.  DR.  -      — ,  94 

MILLER,  GOV.  CHARLES  R.,  ad- 
dress of,  at  unveiling  of  Delaware 
Memorial  at  Valley  Forge,  69 

MILLER,  WIOHARD,  225 

MILLS,  242 

MILLS,  WILLIAM,  ages  of  children 
of,  242 

MILNOK,  REV. ,  416 

MINER,  CIST  &  ROBINSON,  lease 
land  of  Lehigh  Coal  Mine  Com- 
pany, 171 

MINOR,  ISAAC,  47 

MIRANDA,  498 

MIRANDA,  ISAAC,  copy  of  will  of, 
contributed  by  Hon.  Charles  I. 
Landis,  498 

Missionary's  Tour  to  Shamokin  and 
The  West  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna,  1753,  440 

Mississippi  Valley  Historical  Review, 
Vol.  1,  No.  1,  notice  of,  124 

Missouri,  ship  from  Philadelphia,  at 
Hudson,  New  York,  430 

MITCHEL,  T.,  30 

MITCHELL,  HENRY,  to  Jasper 
Payne,  245 

MITCHELL,  JAMBS  TYNDALE, 
Minute  on  the  death  of,  476 

MITCHELL,  CAPTAIN  WILLIAM, 
332 

MOLAND,  MR.  ,  403 

MOLLISON,  MR.,  149 

MONRO,  DR.  GEORGE,  228 

Monsey  Creek,  444 

MONTGOMERY,   484 

MONTGOMERY,  ,  419,  420, 

422,  423 

MONTGOMERY,  CAPTAIN,  64 

MONTGOMERY,   JAMES,   416 

MONTGOMERY,  JOHN,  244 

MONTGOMERY,  LIEUTENANT 
JOHN  C.,  322,  323.  326,  330,  332, 
333,  335,  415,  416 

MONTOUR,  442 

MONTOUR,  MADAME,  442 

MONTOUR,  ANDREW,  member  of 
Onondago  Council,  239 

Montonrsville,  442 

MOORE.  406 

MOORE,  -      — ,  283 

MOORE,  Bishop  of  Virginia,  at  St. 
James'  Church,  328 


MOORE,  WILLIAM,  of  Moore  Hall, 
406 

Moravians,  fathone  or  belt  of  wam- 
pum given  by  Indians  to  Count 
Zinzendorf  in  behalf  of,  1742,  231 ; 
settlements  of,  at  Forks  of  the 
Delaware,  448,  449 

MORE,  DR.  ,  405 

MORIS,  MR.  ,  405 

MORGAN,  CAPTAIN  JACOB,  Life  in 
a  Frontier  Fort  During  the  Indian 
War,  diary  of,  1758,  186,  bio- 
graphical, 186;  Morgantown  laid 
out  by,  186 

MORGAN,  JAMES,  In  the  Foot- 
steps of  Napoleon  by,  notice  of, 
510 

Morgantoicn,  laid  out  by  Captain 
Jacob  Morgan,  186 

MORRELL,  ABRAHAM,  brother  of 
James  Morrell,  428 

MORRELL,  JAMES,  Account  of,  of  a 
Trip  to  Ballston  and  Saratoga 
Springs  in  August,  1813,  425 

MORRIS,  ,  416,  417,  430 

MORRIS,  GOVERNOR,  orders  Cap- 
tain Isaac  Wayne  to  halt  at  Naza- 
reth, 351 

MORRIS,  BENJAMIN,  advertise- 
ment of  robbery,  237 

MORRIS,  HERBERT,  120 

MORRIS,  JAMES,  Trustee  of  Loan 
Office,  death  of,  33 

MORRIS,  JOHN  THOMPSON,  minute 
on  the  death  of,  478 

MORRIS,  GOV.  R.  H.,  William  Allen 
to,  1755,  239;  mentioned,  424 

MORRIS,  ROBERT,  Rules  for  carry- 
ing out  Resolutions  of  Congress, 
1781,  signed  by,  224;  mentioned, 
243,  259,  306.  310 

MORRIS,  CAPTAIN  SAMUEL,  cloth- 
ing for  company  of  Light  Horse  of, 
233 

MORRIS,  WILLIAM,  43 

MORTON,  JOHN,  to  Anthony  Wayne, 
1776,  373 

Morven,  County  Seat  of  Richard 
Stockton,  292 

MOSER,  Genealogical  query,  H9, 
120 

MOTT,  GENERAL  GERSHON,  94 

Moyamensing  lots,  sale  of,  for  pay- 
ment of  Dr.  Graeme's  debts,  389 

MOYER,   GEORGE,  191 

MUHLENBERG.  FREDERICK  AU- 
GUSTUS CONRAD,  306 

MULLER,  JOHN,  441 

MULL  IN,  MARY,  329 

MULLIN,   PATTY,   329 


534 


Index. 


MURPHY,  119 

MURPHY,    LIEUTENANT   ARTHUR 

E.,  Records  from  Bible  of,  119 
MURRAY.  CAPTAIN  JOSEPH,  332 


NANSEMOND,  154 

NAPIER,  MR.  ,  274 

Narrative  or  Journal  of  Captain 
John  Ferdinand  Dalziel  Smyth  of 
the  Queen's  Rangers,  143 

NARY,  ROBERT,  testimony  of 
Friends'  Meeting  against,  34 

Nazareth,  Penna.,  Red  Rose  Inn  at, 
469 

Negro  Slaves  in  Pennsylvania,  Price 
of,  1757-1761,  231 

NEVIN,  CAPTAIN  EDWARD   H.,  95 

New  American  Government,  The,  and 
Its  Work,  notice  of,  508 

New  Orleans,  Indices  of  Wills  pro- 
bated in,  110 

New  York,  fortifications  on  Gover- 
nor's Island  and  Gibbet  Island, 
description  of,  427;  Genealogical 
notes,  505 

New  Theatre,  Play  Bill  of,  503 

NEWHALL,  GEORGE  M.,  presents 
flag  of  the  Merchants  Troop  of 
Philadelphia  to  The  Historical  So- 
ciety of  Penna.,  497 

NEWMAN,  MR.  .  431 

Nice's  Tavern,  326 

NICHOLAS.  ANTHONY,  Director  of 
the  Library  Company  of  Philadel- 
phia, 450 

NICHOLS,  THOMAS,  119 

NICHOLSON,  BREVET  COLONEL 
JOHN  PAGE,  Catalogue  of  Library 
of,  notice  of,  254 

NICHOLSON,  HANNAH,  marriage  of, 
to  John  Roberts,  227 

NICKOLS.  CAPTAIN  WILLIAM, 
prisoner  of  war,  pass,  signed  by 
Henry  Hugh  Fergusson,  1778,  394; 
captain  of  the  Eagle  packet,  395 

NIXON,  ,  161 

NONES,  BENJAMIN,  228 

NORRIS,  CHARLES,  to  James 
Wright.  1753,  462,  464 

NORRIS,  JOSEPH,  325,  329 

NORTH,  COLONEL  G.   H.,  95 

North  Kiln,  187,  189 

Northampton  County,  Penna.,  Six 
Months  on  the  Frontier  of,  during 
the  Indian  War,  1755-1756,  345 ; 
agreement  of  subscribers  to  pay 
Post  Rider  in  Allen  Township  for 
carrying  newspapers  from  Phila- 
delphia, 1775,  495 


NORTON,  OLIVER  WILLCOX,  The 
Attack  and  Defence  of  Little 
Round  Top,  Gettysburg,  by,  notice 
of,  509 

Notes  and  Queries,  108,  218,  375,  480 

NOURSE,  JOSEPH,  196 

NOUSSE,  JOSEPH,  Memorial  of  Con- 
gress, August,  1779,  signed  by,  481 

OBERLIN,  FRANCIS,  J.  PETERS, 
JR.,  to,  on  difficulties  of  merchants, 
1779,  231 

Ocean,  ship,  advertisement  of  sale  of, 
227 

OERTER,  C.  F.,  WILLIAM  HARRI 
SON  to,  246;  George  Taylor  to, 
246;  P.  Jones  to,  246,  247;  Jacob 
Starr  &  Co.  to,  246 

OKELEY,    MR.    ,    at    Graeme 

Park,  403,  404 

OKELEY,  JOHN,  45 

Old  Patterson  Mansion,  The,  The 
Master  and  His  Guests,  by  Mrs. 
Lindsay  Patterson,  80 

Old  Pine  Creek  Graveyard,  Revolu- 
tionary soldiers  buried  in,  118 

OLDENBERGH,  CAPTAIN  DANIEL, 
330,  331 

OMWAKE,  HENRY,  Papers  and  ad- 
dresses by,  notice  of,  128 

Onondago,  List  of  Goods  for  Presents 
to  Indians  at,  244 

Orders  of  March  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Line  from  Valley  Forge,  by 
John  W.  Jordan,  221 

OSWALD,  404 

Otstonwakin   (Montoursville) ,  442 

Otter,  British  ship,  155 

OTTO,  DR.  BODO,  certificate  of,  re- 
lating to  a  wounded  soldier  at 
Lititz  Hospital,  232 

OTTO,  DR.  JOHN  MATTHEW,  bio- 
graphical, 350 

OWEN,  JUSTICE,  38 

Page  Tablet,  Gloucester  Court  House, 
Gloucester,  Va.,  copy  of  inscription, 
contributed  by  Hon.  Norris  S.  Bar- 
ratt,  496 

Panorama  of  Baltimore,  advertise- 
ment of,  226 

PaoH,  the  affair  at,  letter  from  Major 
J.  H.  T.  Cornish-Bowden  concern- 
ing, 241 

Paragon,  Steamboat  between  New 
York  and  Albany,  428.  432 

PARIS,  FERD.  JOHN,  to  Thomas 
Penn,  1756,  240 

PARKE,  DR.  THOMAS,  Elizabeth 
Fergusson  to,  1782,  402 


Index. 


535 


PARKER,  JAMES,  155 

PARKER,  PAUL,  150 

PARSONS,  WILLIAM,  Surveyor  for 
the  Penns,  2;  mentioned,  8,  9,  11, 
12,  13,  14,  15,  16,  17,  18,  20,  22, 
23,  26,  30 

PARSONS,  WILLIAM,  Librarian  of 
the  Library  Company  of  Philadel- 
phia, 450-452 ;  mentioned,  445 

Passing  of  the  Harmonites,  The,  by 
Rev.  Clarence  Edward  Macartney, 
337 

PATRICK,  WIDOW.  24,  25 

PATTERSON,  80 

PATTERSON,  ELIZABETH,  wife  of 
Jerome  Bonaparte,  88 

PATTERSON,  FRANCIS,  father  of 
General  Robert  Patterson,  80 ;  par- 
ticipates in  troubles  of  1798,  80; 
banished  from  his  native  land,  and 
settles  in  Delaware  County,  Pa., 
80 

PATTERSON,  JOSEPH,  93,  94, 
95 

PATTERSON,  MRS.  LINDSAY,  The 
Old  Patterson  Mansion,  The  Master 
and  his  Guests,  by,  80 

PATTERSON,  ROBERT,  80 

PATTERSON,  GENERAL  ROBERT, 
birth  and  parents  of,  80;  enters 
business,  80,  81 ;  marriage,  80 ; 
takes  part  in  War  of  1812,  Mexi- 
can and  Civil  Wars,  80,  81 ;  pur- 
chases "Patterson  Mansion"  from 
John  Hare  Powel,  1834,  82;  de- 
scription of  garden  and  house,  82- 
85 ;  diary  of  a  journey,  1834,  85, 
86 ;  president  of  Board  of  Visitors 
to  West  Point,  86;  guests  enter- 
tained by,  86-93 ;  assists  at  recep- 
tion to  General  Lafayette,  1824, 
91 ;  reception  to  Keokuk  and 
Black  Hawk,  91;  annual  dinners 
of  Aztec  Club,  92 ;  receptions  and 
dinners  to  Lord  Durham,  officers  of 
the  Grenadier  and  Cold  Stream 
Guards,  Dom  Pedro,  officers  of 
Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Militia  and 
Hibernian  Society,  92,  93;  death 
and  funeral,  93,  94 ;  obituary 
notice,  95-97 

PATTERSON,  GENERAL  ROBERT 
E.,  attends  dinner  of  the  Aztec 
Club,  92 

PATTERSON,  SARAH  ENGLE,  wife 
of  General  Robert  Patterson,  80; 
resemblance  of  Napoleon  Bona- 
parte, 87  ;  mentioned,  84 

PATTERSON.  COL.  WILLIAM  H., 
85,  86,  88,  91 


PAYNE,  JASPER,  HENRY 
MITCHELL  to,  245 ;  mentioned, 
348 

Peacock,  U.  S.  Sloop,  victory  of,  over 
British  sloop,  327 

PEARSON,  ELEANOR,  3 

PEARSON,  ENOCH,  37,  38,  39 

PEARSON,  WILLIAM,  31,  32,  34,  38, 
39,  40,  41,  45,  46 

PEASE,  THEODORE  CALVIN,  The 
County  Archives  of  the  State  of 
Illinois,  by  Theodore  Calvin  Pease, 
notice  of,  511 

PEMBERTON,  ,  420 

PEMBERTON,  HANNAH,  John  Cox 
to,  1781,  465;  to  Sally  Pemberton, 
466 

PEMBERTON,  I.,  424 

PEMBERTON,   ISRAEL,   Mary   Pern- 

"  berton  to,  1777,  108 ;  mentioned, 
7 

PEMBERTON,  ISRAEL,  JR.,  44 

PEMBERTON,  J.,  416 

PEMBERTON,  JAMES,  221 

PEMBERTON,  JOHN,  221,  325,  329 

PEMBERTON,  MARY,  to  Israel  Pem- 
berton, 1777,  108 

PEMBERTON,  SALLY,  Hannah  Pem- 
berton to,  466 

PENDLETON,  JUDGE  EDMUND,  at 
Bethlehem,  244 

PENN,  -  — ,  276,  277,  282.  386, 
389 

PENN,  GRANVILLE,  Collection  of, 
secured  by  The  Historical  Society 
of  Penna.,  504 

PENN,  HANNAH,  to  Thomas  Penn, 
1715-16,  116;  writes  letter  of  in- 
structions to  Sir  William  Keith, 
205,  211,  213;  Sir  William  Keith 
exposes  same  to  the  Assembly,  205, 
206:  Petitioner  for  nomination  of 
Patrick  Gordon  as  Deputy-Gover- 
nor of  Pennsylvania,  209;  men- 
tioned, 211 

PENN,  LADY  JULIANA,  276,  283 

PENN,  RICHARD,  petition  of,  to 
King,  395 

PENN,  SOPHIA,  386 

PENN,  SPRINGETT,  Petitioner  for 
nomination  of  Patrick  Gordon  as 
Deputy-Governor  of  Pennsylvania, 
209;  School  Bills  of,  1749-50,  247, 
248 ;  mentioned,  -240 

PENN,  THOMAS,  Hannah  Penn  to, 
1715-16,  116 ;  Ferd.  John  Paris  to, 
1756,  240 ;  Gilbert  Thompson  to, 
247,  248 ;  Letter  of  Dr.  Thomas 
Grfeme  to,  1750,  445 ;  mentioned, 
276 


536 


Index. 


PENN,  WILLIAM,  to  Samuel  Pepys, 
1670,  112;  Proprietor  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 201 ;  grant  of  land  to,  201 ; 
appoints  Sir  William  Keith  Deputy- 
Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  202; 
death  of,  202;  to  Robert  Turner, 
on  death  of  his  wife,  1693,  216; 
letters  of,  1683,  233,  234 

PENN,  WILLIAM,  by  Rupert  S. 
Holland,  notice  of,  500 

PENN  versus  Baltimore,  Journal  of 
John  Watson,  Assistant  Surveyor 
to  the1  Commissioners  of  the 
Province  of  Pennsylvania,  1750-51, 
by  John  W.  Jordan,  1 

Pennsylvania,  "Case  of  the  Proprie- 
tor of  Pensilvania  &c.  About  the 
Appointing  of  a  New  Deputy- 
Governor,  201 :  Provincials,  First, 
Second,  Third,  and  Fourth,  1754- 
1764,  entitled  to  bounty  of  Crown 
land,  227;  Committee  of  Safety, 
1776  and  Committee  and  Council 
of  Safety  of,  Extracts  from  Memo- 
randum Book  of,  232 ;  Province  of, 
Some  Incidental  Expenses  of,  1772, 
236 ;  Commonwealth  of,  secures 
flag  of  Westmoreland  County  Bat- 
talion of  Associators,  244;  Dispo- 
sition of  British  Troops  in  Interior 
of,  in  Winter  of  1763-64,  483 

Pennsylvania  Chronicle,  advertise- 
ment from,  of  Lebanon  Races,  1768, 
225 

Pennsylvania  Federation  of  Histori- 
cal Societies,  10th  Annual  Report 
of,  notice  of,  255 

Pennsylvania  Gazette,  extracts  from, 
223,  225,  230,  241,  500-503 

Pennsylvania  Marriage  Licenses, 
1742-1748,  176,  364,  434 

Pennsylvania  Society  of  New  York, 
Year  Book  of,  by  Barr  Ferree, 
notice  of,  256 

Pennsylvania  Society  Sons  of  the 
Revolution,  Annual  Proceedings, 
1913-1914,  notice  of,  253;  1914- 
1915,  511 

Pennsylvania  State  College,  informa- 
tion requested  of  graduates  of, 
121 

Pennsylvania,  The  Keystone,  by 
Samuel  Whitaker  Pennypacker, 
notice  of,  124 

Pennsylvanians  in  Kentucky,  483 

PENNYPACKER,  SAMUEL  WHIT- 
AKER, Pennsylvania — The  Key- 
stone, by,  notice  of,  124 

PEPYS,  SAMUEL.  William  Penn  to, 
1670,  112 


PERRY,  MICAJAH,  Petitioner  to 
King  in  behalf  of  Sir  William 
Keith.  212-215 

PETERS,  -      — ,  445,  446 

PETERS,  J.,  JR.,  to  Francis  Oberlin 
on  difficulties  of  merchants,  1779, 
231 

PETERS,  RICHARD,  to  Richard 
Hockloy,  1753,  239;  mentioned,  2, 
14.  44 

PETERS,  REV.  RICHARD,  Rev. 
William  Smith  to,  51 ;  visits 
England  with  Elizabeth  Graeme, 
1764,  260;  to  Elizabeth  Graeme, 
273,  274,  275,  278,  281,  283; 
Elizabeth  Graeme  to,  385;  to  Dr. 
Thomas  Graeme,  388;  Elizabeth 
Fergusson  to,  389 ;  mentioned,  277, 
284 

PETERS,  T.,  335 

PETTIT,  507 

PFOUTS,  JOHN,  119 

Philadelphia  Newspapers,  1772,  1779, 
1780,  Selections  from,  114;  Regis- 
ters Granted  at  the  Port  of,  in  the 
Quarter  Ending  January,  1775, 
192 ;  Tribulations  of  Merchants  in, 
1779,  231;  Price  of  Negro  Slaves 
in,  1757-1761,  231 ;  extract  of  let- 
ter from  an  officer  at,  248 ;  List  of 
Names  and  Some  of  the  Vessels 
Registered  at,  1742-1748,  377 

Philadelphia  Gazette,  advertisements 
from,  226 

PHILE,  DR.  ,  306 

Phoenix,  Steamboat  on  the  Delaware 
River,  425 

PHYLE,  DR.  ,  314 

PHYSICK,  EDMUND,  Timothy  Yonge 
to,  1755,  240 

PICKETT,  GENERAL  GEORGE  E., 
93 

PIDGEON,  250 

PIERCY,  MR.  .  285 

PIKE,  DR.  ,  9,  12,  13,  16,  17, 

20,  22,  26,  27 

Piper's  421 

Piscataicay,  147,  148 

Pittsburgh  Tea  Party,  1775,  230 

PLATER,  GEORGE,  2 

PLEASANTS,  322 

PLEASANTS,  ANN  PASCHALL 
(FRANKLIN),  322 

PLEASANTS,   ISRAEL,  322 

PLEASANTS,  SAMUEL,  221 

PLEASANTS,  THOMAS  FRANKLIN, 
Extracts  from  the  Diary  of,  1814, 
322;  biographical,  322,  410;  Com- 
missioned Captain  Third  Company, 
Washington  Guards,  322 ;  death  of, 


Index. 


537 


1817,  322;  portrait  of  by  Bass 
Otis,  322  ;  accompanies  regiment  to 
camp,  August,  1814,  322,  331: 
Colonel  Prevost  recommends  for 
Colonel  of  Pennsylvania  Regulars, 
423;  mentioned,  414,  416,  422 

PLEDGER,  487 

PLUMSTED,  MRS.  -      — ,  277 

POLK,  JAMES  K.,  reception  to  by 
General  Robert  Patterson.  01 

Port  Tobacco,  148 

PORTER,  GENERAL  FITZ  JOHN, 
Attends  dinner  of  the  Aztec  Club, 
92  ;  mentioned,  93,  94 

PORTER,  JUDGE  W.  A.,  91 

POST,  CHRISTIAN  FREDERICK, 
346 

Post-Rider  in  Allen  Township,  North- 
ampton County,  Pa.,  agreement  to 
pay  same  for  carrying  newspapers 
from  Philadelphia,  1775,  495 

POTTS,  484 

POTTS,  -     ,  329 

POTTS,  NATHAN,  228 

POTTS,  STEPHEN,  7 

POWEL,  MR.  ,  317 

POWELL,  ,  306 

POWEL,  JOHN  HARE.  General 
Robert  Patterson  purchases  "Pat- 
terson Mansion"  from,  1834,  82 ; 
Brigade  Major,  334 ;  mentioned, 

411,  412,   413,  414,   415,   416,  417, 
419,  422 

POWELL,  JOSEPH,  arrives  at  Naz- 
areth, with  supplies  for  the  refu- 
gees, 350 

PRATT,  HENRY,  Director  of  the 
Library  Company  of  Philadelphia, 
450,  452 

PRESCOTT,  MAJOR  GENERAL 
,  prisoner,  161,  162 

PRESTIN,  DAVID,  daughter  of,  wife 
of  ,  Hillman,  348 

PRESTON,  HENRY,  41 

PRESTON,  NATHAN,  41 

PRESTON,  PAUL,  7,  35,  39,  40,  41, 
45 

Preston,  British  Ship,  168,  169 

PREVOST,     MAJOR     ANDREW     M., 

412,  414,   415,   416,   420,   422,   423 
PRICE,  CORPORAL  EVAN,  187,  189 
PRICE,  HEZEKIAH,  489 

PRICE,  COLONEL  ISAIAH,  95 
PRINTZ,     GOVERNOR     JOHAN,     of 
New    Sweden,   succeeded   by   Johan 
Classon  Rising,  133 
Prisoners,      British     and     American, 
General  Howe's  orders  with  regard 
to,  393,  394 ;  distress  of,  January, 
1778,    394;    flour    for,    395;    hard- 


ships of,  402  ;  Henry  Hugh  Fergus- 
son.  Appointed  Commissary  of,  402 

Proclamation  in  Congress  appointing 
a  day  of  fasting  and  prayer,  1782, 
502 

Proclamations  and  Advertisements 
from  the  Pennsylvania  Gazette, 
1782,  223,  224,  225,  230,  241 


Quenischachochky  (Linden),  441,  443 
QU1GLEY,  JOHN,  118 
QUINTMAN,  GENERAL,  91 


RAGUET,  CONDY,  elected  Lieutenant 
Colonel,  First  Regiment  Penna., 
Volunteer  Infantry,  334  ;  ordered  to 
New  Castle,  419;  mentioned,  327, 
328,  329,  330,  332,  423 

RALSTON,  —      — ,  416.  424 

RANDALL,  JOSIAH,  93 

Randolph,  American  ship,  167 

11ANTEN,  JAMES,  Member  of  Wash- 
ington Guards,  death  and  funeral 
of,  329 

RAPP,  GEORGE,  founder  of  the  com- 
munity of  the  Harmonites,  338; 
biographical,  338 :  purchases  land 
from  Dr.  Delmar  Basse,  338 

Raretan,  Steamboat  between  New 
Brunswick  and  New  York,  426 

RATCLIFF,  JAMES,  7 

RATHMILL,  THOMAS,  testimony  of 
Friends'  Meeting  against,  35 

RAWLE,  ,  403,  419 

RAWLE,  MISS ,  423 

RAWLE,  LIEUTENANT  FRANCIS 
W.,  331,  332,  333,  334,  335,  336, 
415,  416 

RAWLE,  WILLIAM,  Director  of  the 
Library  Company  of  Philadelphia, 
450,  452,  453 

RAWLE,  CAPTAIN  WILLIAM,  411, 
412,  417,  420 

RAWLE,  CAPTAIN  WILLIAM,  JR., 
334 

RAWLE,  WILLIAM  H.,  93 

RAY,  484 

READ,  COLLINSON,  228 

Rebecca  Sims,  Ship  from  Philadel- 
phia, at  Hudson,  New  York,  430 

Red  Rose  Inn,  Nazareth,  Penna.,  469 

REDMAN,  284 

REDMAN,  DR.  JOHN,  to  Elizabeth 
Fergusson,  287,  310;  family  of, 
390;  mentioned,  284,  288,  289 

REDMAN,  MARY,  to  Elizabeth  Fer- 
gusson, 283,  288,  289;  mentioned, 
314 


538 


Index. 


REED.   ALEXANDER,   13,   18,  28 

REED,  PRESIDENT  JOSEPH, 
Thanksgiving  Proclamation  b  y, 
1780.  115,  116;  house  of  on  Fort 
Island  to  be  converted  into  bar- 
racks, 232 ;  to  Mrs.  Stockton  about 
Mrs.  Fergusson's  estate,  1779,  297, 
298;  mentioned,  303 

Registers  Granted  at  the  Port  of 
Philadelphia,  in  the  Quarter  End- 
ing January,  1775,  192 

Relic  of  the  Rebellion,  flag  of  the 
Merchant's  Troop  of  Philadelphia, 
497 

RENATUS,  CHRISTIAN,  443 

RENCH,  MARY,  wife  of  Hon.  Jacob 
Rush,  68 

RHEA,  MISS ,  287 

RHODAMILE,  PETER,  188 

RICE,   EDWARD,   7,   35,  42,  44,  46 

RICH,  JOHN,  death  of,  42 

RICHARDS,  ,  421 

RICHARDS,  CORPORAL,  GEORGE 
W.,  331 

RICHARDS,  LOUIS,  Hon.  Jacob 
Rush,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Ju- 
diciary, 53 

RICHARDSON,  FRANCIS,  Director 
of  the  Library  Company  of  Phila- 
delphia, 453 

Richmond  College  Historical  Papers, 
edited  by  D.  R.  Anderson.  Vol.  1, 
notice  of,  512 

RISING,  JOHAN  CLASSON,  by 
Amandus  Johnson,  Ph.D.,  129 ;  bio- 
graphical 130 ;  tutor  to  Count  Clas 
Akesson  Tott,  131 ;  travels  in 
Europe,  131 ;  literary  works  of, 
132,  139-142 ;  sent  to  New  Sweden 
to  be  assistant  Councillor  to  Gover- 
nor Printz,  133 ;  demands  sur- 
render of  Fort  Casimir,  134 ;  ar- 
rives at  Christina,  135 ;  instruc- 
tions as  director  of  New  Sweden, 
135,  136;  returns  to  Sweden  after 
surrender  of  Fort  Christina  to  the 
Dutch,  138 ;  death  of,  1672,  142 

DE  LA  GARDIE,  MAGNUS  GA- 
BRIEL, 130.  121,  139 

RISLEY,  SARAH  A.,  A  Genealogy  of 
the  Lake  Family,  by  Arthur  Adams 
and,  notice  of,  510 

Rider,  The,  501 

RIDGELY,  406 

RIDGELY.  DR.  CHARLES  G.,  406 

RILEY,  BENNETT,  friend  of  Gen- 
eral Robert  Patterson,  89 

RIPPEY,   CAPTAIN   WILLIAM,    228 

RITCHIE,  JULIANA,  to  Elizabeth 
Graeme,  1765,  279,  280;  Lines  to, 


on  returning  a  miniature,  by  Eliza 
beth  Fergusson,  407,  408 ;  friend- 
ship of,  for  Elizabeth  Fergusson, 
408  ;  mentioned,  386 

RITTENHOUSE,  DAVID,  engaged  in 
gunlock  making,  232 

ROACH,  JOSEPH,  marriage  to 
Smith,  329 

ROBB,  ROBERT,  228 

ROBERDEAU,  COLONEL,  285 

ROBERDEAU,  DR.  DANIEL,  285 

ROBERDEAU,  GENERAL  DANIEL, 
285,  291,  293.  294,  305,  306 

ROBERDEAU,  MARY,  to  Elizabeth 
Fergusson,  285,  291 ;  wife  of  Dr. 
Daniel  Roberdeau,  285 ;  mentioned, 
314 

ROBERJOT,  MR.,  98 

ROBERTS,  B.,  226 

ROBERTS,  CHARLES,  416,  417. 
419,  420 

ROBERTS,  HUGH,  Director  of  the 
Library  Company  of  Philadelphia, 
450,  453 

ROBERTS,  JOHN,  Marriage  of,  to 
Hannah  Nicholson,  227 ;  mentioned, 
453 

ROBESON,  ANDREW,  to  Elizabeth 
Fergusson,  292,  293 ;  attorney  at 
law,  293 ;  draws  up  Petition  of 
Elizabeth  Fergusson  to  the  As- 
sembly, March  1,  1781,  305 

ROBINS,  EDWARD,  David  Garrick 
and  "Old  Penn,"  by,  48 

ROBINSON,   MR.  ,   431 

ROBINSON,  BAYARD,  306 

ROBINSON,  DANIEL,  8 

ROBINSON,  T.,  167 

ROCH,  KATHERINE,  6 

RODGERS,  CAPTAIN  of  the  Steam- 
boat Eagle,  425 

RODNEY,  CAESAR,  Colonel  John 
Jones  to,  1780,  109 ;  Ride  of,  July, 
1776,  454;  Caesar  A.  Rodney 
writes  to  Thomas  McKean  for  facts 
regarding,  455 ;  reply  to  same  by 
Thomas  McKean,  456;  Thomas 
McKean  writes  to  John  Adams  re- 
garding, 459 

RODNEY,  C^3SAR  AUGUSTUS,  to 
Thomas  McKean,  1813,  454 ; 
Thomas  McKean  to,  455 

Roebuck,  British  ship,  166 

ROGERS,  MRS.  HARRY,  Wetherby 
Bible  Records,  contributed  by,  487 ; 
mentioned,  378 

ROGERS,   MATHEW,  19 

ROMAIN,  REV.   MR.  -      ,  433 

ROOT,  JEAN  CHRISTIE,  Nathan 
Hale,  by,  notice  of,  383 


Index. 


539 


Rose  Inn,  first  house  of  entertain- 
ment erected  in  the  Nazareth 
tract,  1752,  346;  effects  of  earth- 
quake shocks  on,  1755,  346 ; 
Ephraim  Culver,  landlord  of,  347  ; 
mentioned,  349,  352 

BOSS,  JOHN,  begs  leave  to  resign 
office  of  Muster  Master,  32  ;  men- 
tioned, 2,  223.  232 

ROWAN,  FLAVEL,  228 

ROWLEY,  MR.  ,  427 

Royal  Americans,  First  Battalion  of, 
1754-1764,  entitled  to  bounty  of 
Crown  Land,  227 

RIJCH,  SAMUEL,  332 

RUCKER,  Q.  M.  GENERAL  D.  H.,  05 

RUDESTI,  JACOB,  228 

RUSH,  53,  54 

RUSH,  ,  419,  420 

RUSH,  DR.  BENJAMIN,  brother  of 
Hon.  Jacob  Rush,  53 ;  mentioned, 
93,  162,  163,  232,  233,  287,  306, 
388,  405 

RUSH.  HON.  JACOB,  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Judiciary,  by  Louis 
Richards,  53;  biographical,  53,  at- 
tends schools  of  Francis  Alison, 
at  New  London,  Pa.,  and  Notting- 
ham, Md.,  and  College  of  New 
Jersey,  53,  54 ;  studies  law  and 
practices  in  Pennsylvania,  54 ; 
Deputy  Secretary  of  Congress,  55 ; 
Member  of  Assembly,  1782,  56;  ap- 
pointed to  Supreme  Bench,  1784, 
56;  commissioned  President  of 
Third  Circuit,  1791.  58;  resides  in 
Reading,  58,  59 ;  David  Paul 
Brown's  description  of,  59,  60 ; 
President  of  the  District  Court  of 
Philadelphia,  1806,  68;  death  of, 
68 

RUSH,  JOHN,  53 

RUSH.  WILLIAM,  223 

RUSSELL,  -      — ,  274,  430 

RYAN,  DANIEL,  37 

ST.  CLAIR,  Sir  John,  274 

St.  Mary's,  150 

St.  Mary's  River,  156 

Saratoga,  description  of,  by  James 
Morrell,  431 

Saratoga  Springs,  James  Morrell's 
account  of  a  trip  to,  in  August, 
1813,  425 

SATERTHWAIT,   GEORGE,   39 

SATERTHWAIT.   WILLIAM,   40 

SATTELEHU,  ANDREW,  interpreter 
for  Virginia,  443  ;  Governor  makes 
him  Colonel  and  presents  him  with 
land,  443,  444  ;  mentioned,  442 


SATTERTHWAIT,  WILLIAM,  32 

SAVAGE,  CAPTAIN  ,  466 

SAXE  WEIMAR,  Duke  of,  dinner  to, 
by  General  Robert  Patterson,  87 

SAYEN,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Valley  Forge  Park 
Commission,  79 

SCARBOROUGH,  E.,  31,  32,  37 

SCARBOROUGH,   EUCLID,   43.   44 

SCARBOROUGH.  JOHN,  42,  46 

SCHAUMBURG,  EMILY,  89 

SCHOFIELD,  GENERAL  JOHN  A., 
94 

SCHOOLCRAFT,    HENRY  C.,   88,   89 

SCHUYLER,  L.,  424 

Schuylkill  County  Historical  Society, 
Publications  of,  notice  of,  252 

SCHWARZE,  W.  N.,  John  Hus,  The 
Martyr  of  Bohemia,  by,  notice  of, 
383 

SCOLDFIELD,  ANN,  46 

SCOTT,  HELEN  MARIAN,  unveiling 
of  Delaware  Memorial  at  Valley 
Forge  by,  69 

SCOTT,  JOHN.  228 

SCOTT,  LIEUTENANT  JOHN  M., 
411,  416,  419 

SCOTT,  GENERAL  WINFIELD,  88 

8crabbletownf  420 

SCULL,  NICHOLAS,  30,  39,  44 

Sea  Horse,  Steamboat,  426 

SEABRING,  JOHN,  45 

SEARLE,  286 

SEARLE,  ANN,  to  Elizabeth  Fergus- 
son,  1775,  286;  wife  of  James 
Searle,  286 

SEARLE,  JAMES,  General  William 
Irvine  to.  1780,  117;  mentioned, 
286 

Second  Mountain,  188 

SELDEN,  MARY,  109 

SERGEANT,  ,  326,  327 

SERGEANT,  JOHN,  325.  327 

SERVAS,  PHILIP,  family  of,  refu- 
gees, return  home,  352 

Seven  Hundred  Dollars  Reward  for 
capture  of  persons  bringing  in 
heads  of  Shingas  and  Captain 
Jacobs,  500 

SEWELL,  GENERAL  WILLIAM,  J., 
93 

Shamokin,  A  Missionary's  Tour  to, 
and  The  West  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna,  1753,  440;  Shikellemy 
gives  site  for  Mission  in  town  of, 
440 ;  Indian  Village  of,  description 
of  in  1747,  440;  Dr.  Brainerd 
visits,  440 

SHANKLAND,  WILLIAM,  9,  11,  12, 
13,  16,  28 


540 


Index. 


SHEPHERD,  GENERAL  O.  L.,  at- 
tends dinner  of  the  Aztec  Club,  92 

SHEPHERD,  SOL.,  152 

Shepler's  Settlement,  188 

SHERMAN,  GENERAL  WILLIAM 
TECUMSEH,  93,  94 

SHEWELL,  -      — ,  306 

SHIELL,  483 

Shikasa,  444 

SHIKELLEMY,  gives  site  for  mis- 
sion house  in  Shamokin,  440; 
death  and  burial  of,  440;  men- 
tioned, 441,  442,  444 

SHINGAS,  Seven  Hundred  Dollars 
Reward  for  head  of,  500 

SHOBER, ,  416 

SHOBER,  SAMUEL  L.,  resigns  as 
Secretary  of  Washington  Guards, 
329;  mentioned,  322.  324,  327, 
328,  330,  335 

SHOEMAKER,  HENRY  W..  Black 
Forest  Souvenirs  Collected  in 
Northern  Pennsylvania,  by,  notice 
of,  252 

SHOEMAKER,  SAMUEL,  house  of, 
to  be  sold,  115 

SHORAT,  JAMES,  16 

SHREVE,  COLONEL  ISRAEL,  to  his 
wife,  Valley  Forge  1778,  376 

SHUBERT,  JOHN  R.,  419 

SICKEL,  GENERAL  H.  G.,  94 

SIEGFRIED,  COLONEL  JOHN,  The 
Life  and  Times  of,  by  Rev.  John 
Baer  Stoudt,  notice  of,  252 

"Sign  of  the  Indian  Queen"  at  New 
Brunswick,  426 

Silk  Worms,  Right  Rev.  John  Ett- 
wein  writes  to  Dr.  Ezra  Stiles  re- 
garding, 220 

Six  Months  on  the  Frontier  of  North- 
ampton County,  Penna.,  during  the 
Indian  War,  October,  1755 — June, 
1756,  345 

SKINNER,  CAPTAIN  HENRY,  of 
the  ship  Good  Friends,  98 

SMITH,   304,  404 

SMITH,  ,  Marriage  to  Joseph 

Roach,  329;  mentioned,  300,  302, 
424 

SMITH,  MRS.  ,  277,  290,  393 

SMITH,  CAPTAIN  ,  393 

SMITH,  ANN,  obituary  notice  of,  227 

SMITH,  MRS.  ANN,  wife  of  William 
Smith,  obituary  notice  of,  1780 
493 

SMITH,  CHARLES  J..  228 

SMITH.   GEORGE,   296 

SMITH,  J.  R.  C.,  329 

SMITH,  CAPTAIN  JOHN,  of  the 
ship  Good  Friends,  98 


SMITH,  R.,  Memorial  to  Conerress, 
August,  1779,  signed  by,  481 ;  men- 
tioned, 196 

SMITH,  RICHARD,  decision  of  Judge 
Rush  in  trial  of  for  murder  of 
Capt.  John  Carson,  61,  62 

SMITH,   ROBERT,  322,  329 

SMITH,  SERGEANT  ROBERT,  186, 
188,  189,  190,  191 

SMITH,  SAMUEL,  41 

SMITH,  THOMAS,  306 

SMITH,  CORPORAL  WILLIAM,  421 

SMITH,  DR.  WILLIAM,  to  Elizabeth 
Fergusson,  303,  308,  315 ;  Ann 
Young,  wife  of,  304 ;  owner  of 
Graeme  Park,  1791,  304,  314,  315, 
316;  mentioned,  306 

SMITH,  REV.  WILLIAM,  goes  to 
England  to  collect  money  for  the 
College  of  Philadelphia,  48-52;  to 
Rev.  Richard  Peters,  51 ;  men- 
tioned, 306 

Smith's  Tavern,  154 

Smithfleld,  152 

SMYTH,  CAPTAIN  JOHN  FERDI- 
NAND DALZIEL,  of  the  Queen's 
Rangers,  Narrative  or  Journal  of, 
143;  joins  the  Regiment  of  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  John  Connolly,  143, 
155 ;  prisoner  of  war,  150,  151, 
156,  157,  159,  160-166;  property 
confiscated,  156 ;  escapes  from  goal 
in  Baltimore,  166;  arrives  in  New 
York,  169 

SNOWDEN,    GENERAL    G.    R.,    94 

SNYDER,  GOVERNOR  SIMON,  322, 
328,  331,  335,  336 

Snyder  County  Historical  Society 
Bulletin,  notice  of,  255 

Some  Incidental  Expenses  for  the 
Year  1772,  of  the  Province  of 
Pennsylvania,  236 

SOPHIA,  see  Fisher,  Sally 

SOWER,  CHRISTOPHER,  J  R., 
prisoner  of  war,  General  Howe  de- 
sires to  exchange  George  Rush,  394 

SPANGENBERG,  BISHOP  A.  G.,  re- 
ceives fathom  of  wampum  from 
Count  Zinzendorf,  1743,  231,  232 

SPERRY, ,  421 

SPERRY.  JACOB  &  CO.,  239 

SPOTSWOOD,  COLONEL  ALEX- 
ANDER, conveys  letter  of  Sir 
William  Keith  to  Hannah  Penn, 
205  :  uses  his  interest  in  behalf  of 
Sir  William  Keith,  206,  207;  Pe- 
tition of,  210-212 

SPRAGUE,  WILLIAM  C.,  Davy 
Crockett,  by,  notice  of,  509 

SQUIRE,  CAPTAIN,  I", 


Index. 


541 


STAPLES.  JOHN,  324 

STAPLEY,  MILDRED,  Christopher 
Columbus,  by,  notice  of,  509 

STARR,  JACOB  &  CO.,  to  C.  F. 
Oerter 

State  House  Bell,  belfry  to  be  raised 
for,  446 

State  House  Yard,  505 

STEDMAN,  267 

STEDMAN.  ,  293,  299,  311, 

385 

STEDMAN,  MRS. ,  275,  316 

STEDMAN,  A.,  390 

STEDMAN,   ALEXANDER,  276 

STEDMAN,  ANNE,  267 

STEDMAN,  C.,  389,  405 

STEDMAN,  CHARLES,  author  of 
American  History,  320,  321 ;  men- 
tioned, 267,  276,  320 

STEDMAN,  ELIZA  to  Elizabeth 
Graeme,  268,  277,  279;  mentioned, 
285,  286,  287,  288,  289,  290,  292, 
297,'  300,  302,  305,  309,  311-318, 
321,  392,  393,  404 

STEDMAN,  M.,  to  Elizabeth  Fergus- 
son,  1794,  317 

STEDMAN,  SANDY,  268 

STEEL,  CAPTAIN  WILLIAM,  Com- 
missions of,  234;  letters  to  his 
wife,  1776,  234-236 

STEVENS,  484 

STEVENS,  ELVAN,  44 

STEWART,  484 

STILES,  PRESIDENT  EZRA,  Right 
Rev.  John  Ettwein  to,  1793,  220 

STIRLING.  BRIGADIER  GENERAL 
WILLIAM  ALEXANDER,  wounded 
305:  Madeira  Wine  for,  1781,  496; 
to  Henry  Glen,  1781,  497;  men- 
tioned, 108 

STOCKTON,  313 

STOCKTON, ,  300,  403 

STOCKTON,   DR. ,  466 

STOCKTON,  MRS.  JOSEPH  REED 
to,  about  Mrs.  Fergusson's  estate, 
1779,  297,  298 

STOCKTON,  RICHARD,  M  o  r  v  e  n, 
County  Seat  of,  292 ;  mentioned, 
313 

Story  of  the  Ship  Good  Friends,  98 

STOUDT,  REV.  JOHN  BAER,  The 
Life  and  Times  of  Colonel  John 
Siegfried,  by  notice  of,  252 

STOUT,  JON*,  43 

STRANGHORN,  ,  316 

Studies  in  Southern  History  and  Poli- 
tics, notice  of,  253 

STUYVESANT,  PETER,  134,  135, 
137,  138 

Suffolk,  153,  1.14 


Sullivan  Count}/,  Pa.,  Celestial  City 
in,  484-486 

Sun  Inn,  Bethlehem,  Penna.,  Excerpts 
from  the  Waste  Books  of,  1760- 
1799,  469;  opened  for  entertain- 
ment of  guests,  1760,  470 

Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania, 
Claim  of  Elizabeth  Fergusson  to 
the  Justices  of,  396 

Supreme  Executive  Council,  Memorial 
of  Elizabeth  Fergusson  to,  1778, 
395 ;  Remonstrance  of  Elizabeth 
Fergusson  to,  401 ;  mentioned,  399 

Surrey  Court  House,  152 

Susquehanna,  West  Branch,  A  Mis- 
sionary's Tour  to  Shamokin  and, 
1753,  440 

Swatara  Gap,  188 

Swedes  on  the  Delaware,  The,  issued 
by  the  Swedish  Colonial  Society, 
notice  of,  508 

Swedish  Colonial  Society,  The  Swedes 
on  the  Delaware  issued  by,  notice 
of,  508 

SWIFT,  LIEUTENANT,  333 

SWIFT.  CAPTAIN  JOHN,  disagree- 
ment with  Lieutenant  Thomas  J. 
Wharton,  410-414,  422;  to  be  re- 
ferred to  a  Court  of  Honor,  411, 
414,  415,  419,  422;  mentioned, 
332.  411,  412,  413,  414,  415,  416, 
419,  422,  423 

SWOPE,  COLONEL  ,  prisoner 

of  war  to  be  exchanged  for  Gover- 
nor Franklin,  394 

SYNG,  PHILIP,  JR.,  Director  of  the 
Library  Company  of  Philadelphia, 
453 


TAYLOR,  MR.  ,  at  Albany, 

432;  mentioned,  433 

TAYLOR,  MRS.  ,  393 

TAYLOR,  GEORGE,  Petition  of,  to 
Supreme  Executive  Council  of  Pa., 
for  renewal  of  lease  of  the  Dur- 
ham Iron  Works,  1778,  492 

TAYLOR,  GEORGE,  to  C.  F.  Oerter, 
246 

TAYLOR,  QUARTERMASTER 
HENRY,  421,  424 

TAYLOR,  JACOB,  John  Watson  at- 
tends Academy  of,  4 

TAYLOR,  JOHN. -Ezra  L'Hommedieu 
to,  1781,  242 

TAYLOR,   SUSANNA,   462,  464 

TAYLOR,  GENERAL  ZACHARY, 
friend  of  General  Robert  Patter- 
son. 89 

TAZEWELL,  LITTLETON  W.,  90 


542 


Index. 


TEEDSLER,      WILLIAM,      wife     of, 

killed  by  Indians,  188 
Telemaque,  translated  by  Elizabeth 
IVrgusson,  260;  Elias  Boudinot 
writes  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson  in 
praise  of,  300 ;  concerning  printing, 
319 

TELSON,  GEORGE,  in  Lititz  Hospi- 
tal, 1778,  232 
Tlialia,    ship    from    Philadelphia,    at 

Hudson.  New  York,  430 
Thanksgiving  and  Prayer,   Proclama- 
tion in  Congress  appointing  a  day 
of,  1782,  502 

Thanksgiving  Proclamation  by  Presi- 
dent Joseph  Reed,  1780,  115,  116 

THOMPSON,  MRS.  ,  430 

THOMPSON,    GILBERT,    bill    of    to 
Springett    Penn,    247;    to    Thomas 
Penn,  247,  248 
THOMPSON.  JONAH,   328 
THOMPSON,  CAPTAIN  ROBERT,  of 
the  ship  Good  Friends,  99,  101,  105 
THOMPSON,     CAPTAIN     ROBERT, 
prisoner  of  war,  102,  103,  104,  106 
TMrnstein,  441 

Tile  Stoves,  Cost  of.  in  1748,  223 
TILGHMAN,  BENJAMIN,  323 
TILGHMAN,  TENCH,  pass  signed  by, 
for    four    "Exiles"     to    return    to 
Philadelphia,  221 ;  mentioned,  224 
TILGHMAN,     WILLIAM,    Appointed 
Chief    Justice    of    Supreme    Court, 
68 
TOBIAS,  COLONEL  JOSEPH  F.,  95 

TODD,  MRS.  ,  319,  321 

Topographic  &  Geologic  Survey  Com- 
mission   of    Pennsylvania,    Report 
No.  10,  1913,  notice  of,  125 
TOTT,     COUNT     CLAS     AKESSON 

131 

TOWER,  HON.  CHARLEMAGNE, 
Essays  Political  and  Historical, 
notice  of.  127 

TOWER,  GENERAL  Z.  B.,  attends 
dinner  of  the  Aztec  Club,  92  ;  men- 
tioned. 94 

TOWLAY,  -      — ,  428 
TOWNE,  see  Tower 
TRAQUAIR,  THOMAS,  324,  328,  330, 

421 

Treasurer's    Report,     The     Historical 

Society  of  Pennsylvania,  1914    353 

TRECHTER,      MARTIN,      killed      by 

Indians,  188 
Trenton,   condition   of  road   from    to 

Guile's  Mill,  426 

TREVELYAN.     RIGHT     HON.     SIR 
GEORGE    OTTO,    George    III    and 
Fox,  by,  notice  of,  124 


-,  331,  332 


TRIMBLE,  MR.  - 

TROUP,     MATHEiW,     Memorial     to 

Congress,  August,  1779,  signed  by, 

481 

TROUP,  ROBERT,  196 
TRUMP,  CAPTAIN  LEVI,  352 

TULLEKINS,  MAJOR  ,  274 

Tulpehocken     Township,    attacks    by 

Indians  in,  187 

TUPPER,  MARTIN   FARQUHAR,   89 
TURNER,  ROBERT,  William  Penn  to, 

1693,  216 
Turtle  Soup,  advertisement  of,  226 

University  of  Pennsylvania,  play-bill 
of  benefit  for,  1763,  48;  Medical 
Graduates  of,  122,  250,  381,  507; 
Lectures  Delivered  by  Members  of 
the  Faculty  in  the  Free  Public 
Lecture  Course,  1913-1914,  notice 
of,  384 

VAIL,  MARY  D.,  History  of  Land 
Titles  in  the  Vicinity  of  Quaker- 
town,  N.  J.,  by,  notice  of,  256 

Valley  Forge,  Delaware  Memorial  at. 
69;  Orders  of  March  of  Pennsyl- 
vania Line  from,  by  John  W.  Jor- 
dan, 221 ;  want  of  weapons  at,  and 
sick  in  camp,  221 ;  Gen.  Duportail 
to  Gen.  Washington,  on  fortifying 
a  hill  at,  1778,  248;  Colonel  Elias 
Boudinot  writes  regarding  camp  at. 
292;  Memorial  of  Brig.  General 
Duportail  to  General  Washington, 
relating  to  fortifications  at,  1778 
375 

VANDERBILT,  505 

VANDERVENTBR,  505 

VANDUREN,  JOHN,  34 

VAN  DYCK,  505 

VAN  ZANDT,  genealogical  query.  121 

VAUX.  RICHARD,  93 

Versification  of  the  Letter  of  the 
Committee  of  Accounts,  to  the 
President  of  Congress,  1779,  196 

Verstille,  —  — ,  advertisement  of, 
225 

Vessels  registered  at  Philadelphia, 
1742-1748,  377 

Virginia,  Exiles  in,  order  of  Washing- 
ton for  four  "Exiles"  to  return  to 
Philadelphia.  221 

Virginia  Blues,  Regiment  of  Provin- 
cial troops  entitled  to  bounty  of 
Crown  Land,  1754-1764,  227 

VODGES,  MAJOR  ,  420 

VON  HERMELIN,  BARON,  at  Beth- 
lehem.  244 


Index. 


543 


VON  ZINZENDORF,  L  TJ  D  W  I  G, 
fathom  of  wampum  given  by 
Indians  to,  in  behalf  of  the  Mora- 
vians, 1742,  231 

VOORHEES,  SAMUEL  S.,  elected 
Major,  First  Regiment  Penna.  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  334 

VORHEES,  -      — ,  419 

WACFORD,  JOHN,  48 

WAGGONER,  MATHIAS,  190 

WAMPOLE'S,  Washington's  Army  en- 
camped at,  1777,  290 

WALSH,  —      — ,  326 

WALTON.  OCTAVIA,  89 

Wampum,  Fathom  of,  given  by 
Indians  to  Count  Zinzendorf  in  be- 
half of  the  Moravians,  1742,  231 

WARD,  TOWNSEND,  93 

WARDER,  JOHN,  Executor  and 
Trustee  of  Estate  of  Samuel  Cart, 
481 

WARE,  DAVID,  420 

WARTMOUGH,  EDMUND  C..  331 

WASHINGTON,  COLONEL  — : , 

149 

WASHINGTON,  GEORGE,  order  of, 
for  four  "Exiles"  to  return  to 
Philadelphia,  1778,  221 ;  Proclama- 
tion as  Commander-in-Chief  of  the 
Armies  of  the  United  States,  1782, 
223 ;  regiment  of  Virginia  Blues 
commanded  by,  227;  Albert  Chap- 
man to,  1778,  233;  Gen.  Duportail 
to,  on  fortifying  a  hill  at  Valley 
Forge,  1778,  248;  letter  of  Rev. 
Jacob  Duche"  to,  October,  1777,  257, 
258 ;  army  of.  encamped  at  Wam- 
pole's  and  Peter  Wentz's,  1777, 
290;  extracts  from  letter  of,  to 
Congress  on  letter  of  Rev.  Jacob 
Duche  delivered  by  Elizabeth  Fer- 
gusson,  290;  Memorial  of  Brig.- 
General  I)u  Portail  to,  Valley  Forge, 
1778,  375  :  sends  pass  to  Mrs.  Fer- 
gusson  to  visit  her  husband,  in 
Philadelphia,  402;  mentioned,  502 

Washington  Guards,  Extracts  from 
Diary  of  Thomas  Franklin  Pleas- 
ants,  Captain  of,  322 ;  parades,  323, 
327,  328,  329,  330;  services  of, 
offered  to  Governor  Snyder,  331 ; 
goes  into  camp,  August,  1814,  331 

Watermark,  1777,  250 

WATMOUGH,  -      — ,  416,  420 

WATSON,  DR.  -      — ,  35 

WATSON,  JOHN,  Assistant  Surveyor 
to  the  Commissioners  of  the  Prov- 
ince of  Pennsylvania.  1750-51,  by 
John  W.  Jordan,  1  ;  Surveyor  for 


the  Penns,  2 ;  Ancestry  of,  3 ;  sur- 
veyor for  Bucks  County,  4;  Secre- 
tary to  Governor  Morris,  4  ;  descrip- 
tion of  appearance,  4 ;  surveyor  to 
the  Commissioners  of  the  Penns,  4  ; 
Journals  of  in  The  Historical  So- 
ciety of  Pennsylvania,  4,  5 ;  illness 
and  death  of,  5 ;  obituary  notice  of 
in  The  Pennsylvania  Gazette,  5 

WATSON,  JOSEPH,  31,  36,  44,  45 

WATSON.   SARAH,  4 

WATSON,  THOMAS,  3,  35 

WATTS,  ,  306 

Waverly  Hotel,  Bedford,  Pa.,  demo- 
lition of,  228 

WAYLAND,  JOHN  W.,  How  to  Teach 
American  History  by,  notice  of,  127 

WAYNE,  351 

WAYNE,  GENERAL  ANTHONY, 
John  Morton  to,  1776,  373;  Eliza- 
beth Fergusson  to,  1777,  391,  392; 
headquarters  at  Graeme  Park,  392, 
393;  to  Elizabeth  Fergusson,  1777, 
393;  writes  of  Battle  of  Brandy- 
wine,  392 

WAYNE,  CAPTAIN  ISAAC,  ordered 
to  go  from  Easton  to  Nazareth  with 
his  Company,  351 ;  mentioned,  352 

WEBBER,  RICHARD,  121 

WEBSTER,  DANIEL,  90 

WEEDON,  GENERAL  GEORGE,  146 

WEIR,  ,  Surgeon  in  General 

Burgoyne's  Army,  prisoner  of  war, 
to  be  exchanged  for  a  surgeon,  394 

WEISS,  COLONEL  JACOB,  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Lehigh  Coal 
Mine  Company,  170 ;  coal  dis- 
covered on  land  of,  170 ;  biographi- 
cal, 170 ;  town  of  Weissport  laid 
out  by,  170 ;  issues  prospectus  of 
Lehigh  Coal  Mine  Company,  171- 
175 

Weissport,  town  of,  laid  out  by 
Colonel  Jacob  Weiss,  1817,  170 

WELLS,  JOHN  F.,  331 

WELSH,  HON.  JOHN,  93,  94 

WENTZ,  PETER,  house  of,  Wash- 
ington's Army  encamped  at,  1777, 
290 

WEST,  MAJOR  ,  291 

WEST,  MRS. ,  274,  386 

Westmoreland  County  Battalion  of 
Associators,  flag  of,  Secured  by 
Commonwealth  of  Penna.,  244 

WETHERBY,  487,  488 

Wetherby,  Bible  Records,  contributed 
by  Mrs.  Harry  Rogers,  487 

WETHERILL,  J.  PRICE,  95 

WETTERHOLD,  CAPTAIN  JOHN 
NICHOLAS,  189 


544 


Index. 


WHARTON,  FRANCIS  R.,  413 

WHARTON,  MOORE,  328 

WHARTON,  SAMUEL,  accompanies 
Captain  John  Paul  Jones  to  Bethle- 
hem, 244 

WHARTON  LIEUTENANT 
THOMAS  J.,  disagreement  with 
Captain  John  Swift,  410-414,  422 ; 
to  be  referred  to  a  Court  of  Honor, 
411,  414,  415,  419,  422;  elected 
First  Lieutenant,  411,  412;  men- 
tioned, 411,  412,  413,  414,  422, 
423 

Whig  Party  in  the  South,  by  Arthur 
Charles  Cole,  notice  of,  126 

WHITE,  MRS.  ,  daughter  of 

Sarah  Barton,  317;  mentioned, 
305 

WHITE,  DANIEL,  46 

WHITE,  HUGH,  91.  119 

WHITE,  PHILIP  HOWELL,  address 
of,  at  unveiling  of  Delaware  Me- 
morial at  Valley  Forge,  79 

WHITE,  REV.  WILLIAM,  to  Eliza- 
beth Fergusson,  1779,  298;  men- 
tioned, 302,  306 

WHITTY,  REV.  ,  35 

WICKERSHAM,  507 

WIGAR,  PHILIP,  39 

WILCOCKS,  SERGEANT  MAJOR 
SAMUEL,  417,  420 

WILCOT,  162 

WILCOX,  CORPORAL,  333 

WILCOX,  GENERAL  CADMUS  M., 
attends  dinner  of  the  Aztec  Club, 
92 

WILKINSON,  GENERAL  JAMES 
and  suite  en  route  to  Sackett's 
Harbor,  430 

William,  British  ship,  152,  153 

WILLIAMS,  MAJOR  ,  pris- 
oner of  war,  to  accompany  General 
Lee  and  Mr.  Loring  to  Philadel- 
phia, 394 

WILLIAMS,  H.,  332 

WILLIAMS,   JEREMIAH,   42 

WILLIAMS,  GENERAL  SETH,  93 

WILLING,  ,  306 

WILLING,  MARGARET,  Marriage  of, 
to  Robert  Hare,  286 

WILLING,   PEGGY,  286 

WILLIS,  CAPTAIN  ,  421 

Wilmington,  Maryland  Continental 
Line  take  up  winter  quarters  at, 
1777,  378;  mentioned,  392 

WILSON,  -      — ,  306,  310,  405 

WILSON,  JAMES,  259 

WILSON,   MAKY,  35 


Windsor  Township,  188,  189,  190 
WissahicJcon   Creek,  advertisement  of 

a  grist  mill  on,  to  be  sold,  501 
WISTER,  OWEN,  90 
WOLCOTT,  OLIVER,  162 

WOODHAM,  MR.  ,  277 

WOOLLEY,   ED.,   to  erect  belfry  for 

State  House  Bell,  464 
WRIGHT,  487,  488,  489 
WRIGHT,  LIEUTENANT  GEORGE 

C.,  331 
WRIGHT,  JAMES,  Charles  Norris  to, 

1753,  462,  464 
WRIGHT,  SILAS,  90 
WYLIE,  J.  C.,  Four  Gossipy  Letters, 

selected  by,  462 
WYNDHAM,     CAPTAIN     CHARLES, 

92 

WYNKOOP,  -      — ,  232,  233,  306 
WYNKOOP,  DR.  NICHOLAS,  232 
Wyoming    Historical    and    Geological 
Society,     Proceedings    and    Collec- 
tions, Vol.  13,  notice  of,  126 


Yellow  Fever,  1797,  Elizabeth  Fer- 
gusson writes  to  Mrs.  Campbell 
and  Mrs.  Frazer  concerning,  407 ; 
refugees  from,  pass  through 
Crooked  Billet,  407 

YOAKAM,  483 

YOCUM,  484 

YONGE,  TIMOTHY,  to  Edmund  Phy- 
sick,  1755,  240 

YOUNG,  273,  304 

YOUNG,  MR.  ,  269,  271,  392, 

393 

YOUNG,  MISS  — ,  285 

YOUNG.  JAMES,  to  Elizabeth 
Graeme,  1763,  273 ;  money  due 
from  State  to  estate  of,  308,  309 ; 
death  of,  318;  debts  of,  390;  men- 
tioned, 273,  275,  276,  289,  312 

YOUNG,  JOHN,  to  Elizabeth  Fergus- 
son,  390;  writes  of  Battles  of 
Charlestown  and  4*&jtogton,  391 

YOUNG,   ROBERT,  3,1^ 

ZANTZINGER,  PAUL,  memorandum 
of  Committee  of  Safety  about  pur- 
chase of  firearms  by,  232 ;  men- 
tioned, 227 

ZEISBERGER,  DAVID,  at  burial  of 
Shikellemy,  440 

ZEISLOFF,  JOHN  G.,  attacked  by 
Indians,  187 

ZINZENDORF,  Count,  residence  of, 
in  Philadelphia,  494 


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